document_title: Masters Tournament

question_text: who has the most green jackets from the masters

question_tokens: who has the most green jackets from the masters

text: Masters Tournament

text: History[edit]

text: Augusta National Golf Club[edit]

text: The idea for Augusta National originated with Bobby Jones, who wanted to build a golf course after his retirement from the game. He sought advice from Clifford Roberts, who later became the chairman of the club. They came across a piece of land in Augusta, Georgia, of which Jones said: "Perfect! And to think this ground has been lying here all these years waiting for someone to come along and lay a golf course upon it."[7] The land had been an indigo plantation in the early nineteenth century and a plant nursery since 1857.[8] Jones hired Alister MacKenzie to help design the course, and work began in 1931. The course formally opened in 1933, but MacKenzie died before the first Masters Tournament was played.[9]

text: Early tournament years[edit]

text: The first "Augusta National Invitational" Tournament, as the Masters was originally known, began on March 22, 1934, and was won by Horton Smith, who took the first prize of $1,500. The present name was adopted in 1939. The first tournament was played with current holes 10 through 18 played as the first nine, and 1 through 9 as the second nine[10] then reversed permanently to its present layout for the 1935 tournament.[4]

text: Initially the Augusta National Invitational field was composed of Bobby Jones' close associates. Jones had petitioned the USGA to hold the U.S. Open at Augusta but the USGA denied the petition, noting that the hot Georgia summers would create difficult playing conditions.[11]

text: Gene Sarazen hit the "shot heard 'round the world" in 1935, holing a shot from the fairway on the par 5 15th for a double eagle (albatross).[12] This tied Sarazen with Craig Wood, and in the ensuing 36-hole playoff Sarazen was the victor by five strokes.[13] The tournament was not played from 1943 to 1945, due to World War II. To assist the war effort, cattle and turkeys were raised on the Augusta National grounds.[4]

text: The Big Three of Arnold Palmer, Gary Player, and Jack Nicklaus dominated the Masters from 1960 through 1978, winning the event 11 times among them during that span. After winning by one stroke in 1958,[13] Palmer won by one stroke again in 1960 in memorable circumstances. Trailing Ken Venturi by one shot in the 1960 event, Palmer made birdies on the last two holes to prevail. Palmer would go on to win another two Masters in 1962 and 1964.[13]

text: Jack Nicklaus emerged in the early 1960s, and served as a rival to the popular Palmer. Nicklaus won his first green jacket in 1963, defeating Tony Lema by one stroke.[14] Two years later, he shot a then-course record of 271 (17 under par) for his second Masters win, leading Bobby Jones to say that Nicklaus played "a game with which I am not familiar."[15] The next year, Nicklaus won his third green jacket in a grueling 18-hole playoff against Tommy Jacobs and Gay Brewer.[16] This made Nicklaus the first player to win consecutive Masters. He won again in 1972 by three strokes.[13] In 1975, Nicklaus won by one stroke in a close contest with Tom Weiskopf and Johnny Miller in one of the most exciting Masters to date.[17]

text: Gary Player became the first non-American to win the Masters in 1961, beating Palmer, the defending champion.[13] In 1974, he won again by two strokes.[13] After not winning a tournament on the U.S. PGA tour for nearly four years, and at the age of 42, Player won his third and final Masters in 1978 by one stroke over three players.[13] Player currently shares (with Fred Couples) the record of making 23 consecutive cuts, and has played in a record 52 Masters.[18][19]

text: A controversial ending to the Masters occurred in 1968. Roberto De Vicenzo signed a scorecard (scored by playing partner Tommy Aaron) which incorrectly showed him as making a par 4 instead of a birdie 3 on the 17th hole of the final round. By the rules of golf, if a player signs a scorecard (thereby attesting to its veracity) that records a score on a hole higher than what he actually made on the hole, the player receives the higher score for that hole. This extra stroke cost De Vicenzo a chance to be in an 18-hole Monday playoff with Bob Goalby, who won the green jacket. De Vicenzo's mistake led to the famous quote, "What a stupid I am."[13][20]

text: In 1975, Lee Elder became the first African American to play in the Masters,[21] doing so 15 years before Augusta National admitted its first black member, Ron Townsend, as a result of the Shoal Creek Controversy.[22]

text: Non-Americans collected 11 victories in 20 years in the 1980s and 1990s, by far the strongest run they have had in any of the three majors played in the United States since the early days of the U.S. Open. The first European to win the Masters was Seve Ballesteros in 1980. Nicklaus became the oldest player to win the Masters in 1986 when he won for the sixth time at age 46.[13][23]

text: During this period, no golfer suffered from the pressure of competing at Augusta more than Greg Norman. In 1987, Norman lost a sudden-death playoff to Larry Mize when Mize holed out a remarkable 45-yard pitch shot to birdie the second playoff hole and win the Masters.[24] In 1996, Norman tied the course record with an opening round 63, and had a six-stroke lead over Nick Faldo entering the final round. Norman shot a 78 while Faldo scored a 67 to win by five shots (for his third Masters championship).[25] Norman also suffered in 1986 when after birdieing four straight holes, and needing only a par to tie Nicklaus for the lead and force a Monday playoff, he badly pushed his 4-iron approach on 18 and missed his par putt for a closing bogey.

text: At age 21 in 1997, Tiger Woods won the Masters by twelve shots and broke the 72-hole record that had stood for 32 years.[4] Woods completed his "Tiger Slam" by winning his fourth straight major championship at the Masters in 2001.[13] He won again the following year, making him only the third player in history to win the tournament in consecutive years,[13] as well as in 2005 when he defeated Chris DiMarco in a playoff for his first major championship win in almost three years.[13]

text: The club was targeted by Martha Burk, who organized a failed protest at the 2003 Masters to pressure the club into accepting female members. Burk planned to protest at the front gates of Augusta National during the third day of the tournament, but her application for a permit to do so was denied.[26] A court appeal was dismissed.[27] In 2004, Burk stated that she had no further plans to protest against the club.[28]

text: Augusta National Chairman Billy Payne himself made headlines in April 2010, however, when he commented (at the annual pre-Masters press conference) on Tiger Woods' off-the-course behavior. "It's not simply the degree of his conduct that is so egregious here," Payne said, in his opening speech. "It is the fact he disappointed all of us and more importantly our kids and grandkids."[29][30][31]

text: The 2003 tournament was won by Mike Weir, who became the first Canadian to win a men's major championship, and the first left-hander to win the Masters.[13] The following year, another left-hander, Phil Mickelson, won his first major championship by making a birdie on the final hole to beat Ernie Els by a stroke.[13] Mickelson also won the tournament in 2006 and 2010. In 2011, the tournament was won by South African Charl Schwartzel, who birdied the final four holes to win by two strokes. In 2012, Bubba Watson won the tournament on the second playoff hole. Watson's win marked the fifth time that a left-hander won the Masters in the previous ten tournaments. Prior to 2003, no left-hander had ever won the Masters. The 2013 Masters was won by Adam Scott, the first Australian to win the tournament.[32] Watson won the 2014 Masters by three strokes over Jordan Spieth and Jonas Blixt. It was his second Masters victory in three years. In 2015, Spieth would become the second-youngest winner in just his second Masters.[33]

text: Traditions[edit]

text: Awards[edit]

text: The total prize money for the 2014 tournament was $9,000,000, with $1,620,000 going to the winner.[34] In the inaugural year of 1934, the winner Horton Smith received $1,500 out of a $5,000 purse.[35] After Nicklaus's first win in 1963, he received $20,000, while after his final victory in 1986 he won $144,000.[36][37] In recent years the purse has grown quickly. Between 2001 and 2014, the winner's share grew by $612,000, and the purse grew by $3,400,000.[34][35][38]

text: In addition to a cash prize, the winner of the tournament is presented with a distinctive green jacket, formally awarded since 1949, and informally acquired by the champions for many years before that. The green sport coat is the official attire worn by members of Augusta National while on the club grounds; each Masters winner becomes an honorary member of the club. The recipient of the green jacket has it presented to him inside the Butler Cabin soon after the end of the tournament, and the presentation is then repeated outside near the 18th green in front of the patrons. Winners keep their jacket for the first year after their first victory, then return it to the club to wear whenever they visit. The tradition began in 1949, when Sam Snead won his first of three Masters titles.

text: The green jacket is only allowed to be removed from Augusta National by the reigning champion, after which it must remain at the club. Exceptions to this rule include Gary Player, who in his joy of winning mistakenly took his jacket home to South Africa after his 1961 victory (although he has always followed the spirit of the rule and has never worn the jacket);[39] Seve Ballesteros who, in an interview with Peter Alliss from his home in Pedreña, showed one of his two green jackets in his trophy room; and Henry Picard, whose jacket was removed from the club before the tradition was well established, remained in his closet for a number of years, and is now on display at Canterbury Golf Club in Beachwood, Ohio, where he was the club professional for many years.[40][41]

text: By tradition, the winner of the previous year's Masters Tournament puts the jacket on the current winner at the end of the tournament. In 1966, Jack Nicklaus became the first player to win in consecutive years and he donned the jacket himself.[16] When Nick Faldo (in 1990) and Tiger Woods (in 2002) repeated as champions, the chairman of Augusta National put the jacket on them.

text: There are several awards presented to players who perform exceptional feats during the tournament. The player who has the daily lowest score receives a crystal vase, while players who score a hole-in-one or a double eagle win a large crystal bowl. For each eagle a player makes he receives a pair of crystal goblets.

text: In addition to the green jacket, winners of the tournament receive a gold medal. They have their names engraved on the actual silver Masters trophy, introduced in 1961, which depicts the clubhouse. This trophy remains at Augusta National; since 1993 winners have received a sterling silver replica. The runner-up receives a silver medal, introduced in 1951. Beginning in 1978, a silver salver was added as an award for the runner-up.[4]

text: In 1952 the Masters began presenting an award, known as the Silver Cup, to the lowest scoring amateur to make the cut. In 1954 they began presenting an amateur silver medal to the low amateur runner-up.[4]

text: In 2017, a green jacket that was found at a thrift store in 1994 was sold at auction for $139,000.[42]

text: Pre-tournament events[edit]

text: In 2013, Augusta National partnered with the USGA and the PGA of America to organize Drive, Chip and Putt, a youth golf skills competition which was first held in 2014. The event was established as part of an effort to help promote the sport of golf among youth; the winners of local qualifiers in different age groups advance to the national finals, which have been held at Augusta National on the Sunday immediately preceding the Masters. The driving and chipping portions of the event are held on the course's practice range, but the putting portion has been played on the course's 18th hole.[43][44][45]

text: On April 4, 2018, prior to the 2018 tournament, new Augusta National chairman Fred Ridley announced that the club would host a new Women's amateur championship beginning in 2019. The first two rounds will be held at the Champion's Retreat club in Evans, Georgia, with the final two rounds hosted by Augusta National (the final round will take place on the Saturday directly preceding the tournament). Ridley stated that "it was the right time for the women's game. I thought for us to have the greatest impact on women's golf that we needed to be committed to do it here at Augusta National, and I also wanted to be able to tell all of you about it today." Although concerns were raised that the event would conflict with the LPGA Tour's Dinah Shore major (which has invited top amateur players to compete), Ridley stated that he had discussed the event with commissioner Mike Whan, and stated that he agreed on the notion that any move to bolster the prominence of women's golf would be a "win" for the LPGA over time.[46]

text: Par-3 contest[edit]

text: The Par 3 Contest was first introduced in 1960, and was won that year by Snead. Since then it has traditionally been played on the Wednesday before the tournament starts. The par 3 course was built in 1958. It is a nine-hole course, with a par of 27, and measures 1,060 yards (970 m) in length.[47]

text: There have been 94 holes-in-one in the history of the contest, with a record nine occurring in 2016. Camilo Villegas became the first player to card two holes-in-one in the same round during the 2015 Par 3 Contest. No par 3 contest winner has also won the Masters in the same year.[48][49] There have been several repeat winners, including Pádraig Harrington, Sandy Lyle, Sam Snead, and Tom Watson. The former two won in successive years.

text: In this event, golfers may use their children as caddies, which helps to create a family-friendly atmosphere. In 2008, the event was televised for the first time by ESPN.

text: The winner of the par 3 competition, which is played the day before the tournament begins, wins a crystal bowl.[50]

text: Player invitations[edit]

text: As with the other majors, winning the Masters gives a golfer several privileges which make his career more secure. Masters champions are automatically invited to play in the other three majors (the U.S. Open, The Open Championship, and the PGA Championship) for the next five years (except for amateur winners, unless they turn pro within the five-year period), and earn a lifetime invitation to the Masters. They also receive membership on the PGA Tour for the following five seasons and invitations to The Players Championship for five years.[51]

text: Because the tournament was established by an amateur champion, Bobby Jones, the Masters has a tradition of honoring amateur golf. It invites winners of the most prestigious amateur tournaments in the world. Also, the current U.S. Amateur champion always plays in the same group as the defending Masters champion for the first two days of the tournament.

text: Amateurs in the field are welcome to stay in the "Crow's Nest" atop the Augusta National clubhouse during the tournament. The Crow's Nest is 1,200 square feet (110 m2) with lodging space for five during the competition.

text: Opening tee shot[edit]

text: Since 1963, the custom in most years has been to start the tournament with an honorary opening tee shot at the first hole, typically by one or more legendary players. The original honorary starters were Jock Hutchison and Fred McLeod; this twosome led off every tournament from 1963 until 1973, when poor health prevented Hutchison from swinging a club. McLeod continued on until his death in 1976. Byron Nelson and Gene Sarazen started in 1981, and were then joined by Sam Snead in 1984. This trio continued until 1999 when Sarazen died, while Nelson stopped in 2001. Snead hit his final opening tee shot in 2002, a little over a month before he died.

text: In 2007, Arnold Palmer took over as the honorary starter. Palmer also had the honor in 2008 and 2009.[52] At the 2010 and 2011 Masters Tournaments, Jack Nicklaus joined Palmer as an honorary co-starter for the event.[53] In 2012, Gary Player joined them. Palmer announced in March 2016 that a lingering shoulder issue would prevent him from partaking in the 2016 tee shot.[54] Palmer was still in attendance for the ceremony.[55]

text: Following Palmer's death in 2016, the 2017 ceremony featured tributes; his green jacket was draped over an empty white chair, while everyone in attendance wore "Arnie's Army" badges.[56][57]

text: Champions' Dinner[edit]

text: The Champions' Dinner is held each year on the Tuesday evening preceding Thursday's first round. The dinner was first held in 1952, hosted by defending champion Ben Hogan, to honor the past champions of the tournament.[58] At that time 15 tournaments had been played, and the number of past champions was 11. Officially known as the "Masters Club", it includes only past winners of the Masters, although selected members of the Augusta National Golf Club have been included as honorary members, usually the chairman.

text: The defending champion, as host, selects the menu for the dinner. Frequently, Masters champions have served finely prepared cuisine by the Masters chef from their home regions. Notable examples have included haggis, served by Scotsman Sandy Lyle in 1989,[59] and bobotie, a South African dish, served at the behest of 2008 champion Trevor Immelman. Other examples include German Bernhard Langer's 1986 Wiener schnitzel, Britain's Nick Faldo's fish and chips, Canadian Mike Weir's elk and wild boar, and Vijay Singh's seafood tom kah and chicken panang curry. In 1997, 1979 champion Fuzzy Zoeller created a media storm when he suggested that Tiger Woods refrain from serving collard greens and fried chicken, dishes commonly associated with Afro-American culture, at the dinner. The 2011 dinner of Phil Mickelson was a Spanish-themed menu in hopes that Seve Ballesteros would attend, but he was too sick to attend and died weeks later.[60]

text: Caddies[edit]

text: Until 1983, all players in the Masters were required to use the services of an Augusta National Club caddie,[61][62][63] who by club tradition was always an African American man.[22] Indeed, club co-founder Clifford Roberts is reputed to have said, "As long as I'm alive, golfers will be white, and caddies will be black."[64] Since 1983, players have been allowed the option of bringing their own caddie to the tournament.

text: The Masters requires caddies to wear a uniform consisting of a white jumpsuit, a green Masters cap, and white tennis shoes. The surname, and sometimes first initial, of each player is found on the back of his caddie's uniform. The defending champion always receives caddie number "1": other golfers get their caddie numbers from the order in which they register for the tournament. The other majors and some PGA Tour events formerly had a similar policy concerning caddies well into the 1970s;[65][66][67] the U.S. Open first allowed players to use their own caddies in 1976.[68][69]

text: Other traditions[edit]

text: The day after the tournament closes, The Bobby Jones Scholars from The University of St Andrews in Scotland play a four-ball round on the course – the last people to do so before the greenkeepers start the process of repairing and restoring the course to pre-tournament standard.[citation needed]

text: Format[edit]

text: The Masters is the first major championship of the year. Since 1948, its final round has been scheduled for the second Sunday of April, with several exceptions. It ended on the first Sunday four times (1952, 1957, 1958, 1959) and the 1979 and 1984 tournaments ended on April 15, the month's third Sunday.[4] The first edition in 1934 was held in late March and the next ten were in early April, with only the 1942 event scheduled to end on the second Sunday.

text: Similar to the other majors, the tournament consists of four rounds at 18 holes each, Thursday through Sunday (when there are no delays). The Masters has a relatively small field of contenders, when compared with other golf tournaments, so the competitors play in groups of three for the first two rounds (36 holes) and the field is not split to start on the 1st and 10th tees, unless weather shortens the available playing time. The tournament is unique in that it is the only major tournament conducted by a private club rather than a national golf organization like the PGA.[6]

text: Originally, the Masters was the only tournament to use two-man pairings during the first two rounds. It was also the only event to re-pair based on the leaderboard before Friday’s round, as most tournaments only do this on the weekend. This practice ended in the early 2000s, when the Masters switched to the more standard three-man groups and the groups are now kept in-tact on Friday, with players sharing the same playing partners in both of the first two rounds.[citation needed]

text: After 36 holes of play, a cut-off score is calculated to reduce the size of the field for the weekend rounds. To "make the cut", players must be either in the top 50 places (ties counting), or within 10 strokes of the leader's score. These criteria have applied since 2013.[70] From 1957 to 1960, the top 40 scores (including ties) and those within 10 strokes of the leader made the cut. From 1961 to 2012, it was the top 44 (and ties) or within 10 strokes of the lead.[70] Before 1957, there was no 36-hole cut and all of the invitees played four rounds, if desired.[71]

text: Following the cut, an additional 36 holes are played over the final two days. Should the fourth round fail to produce a winner, all players tied for the lead enter a sudden-death playoff. Play begins on the 18th hole, followed by the adjacent 10th, repeating until one player remains. Adopted in 1976, the sudden-death playoff was originally formatted to start on the first hole,[72] but was not needed for the first three years. It was changed for 1979 to the inward (final) nine holes, starting at the tenth tee, where the television coverage began.[73] First employed that same year, the Masters' first sudden-death playoff ended on the eleventh green. The current arrangement, beginning at the 18th tee, was amended for 2004 and first used the following year. Through 2017, the eleven sudden-death playoffs have yet to advance past the second extra hole. Earlier playoffs were 18 holes on the following day, except for the first in 1935, which was 36 holes; the last 18-hole playoff was in 1970, and none of the full-round playoffs went to additional holes.

text: Course[edit]

text:
The golf course was formerly a plant nursery and each hole is named after the tree or shrub with which it has become associated.[8]
The course layout in 2014:

text:
Hole
Name
Yards
Par

Hole
Name
Yards
Par

1
Tea Olive
445
4

10
Camellia
495
4

2
Pink Dogwood
575
5
11
White Dogwood
505
4

3
Flowering Peach
350
4
12
Golden Bell
155
3

4
Flowering Crab Apple
240
3
13
Azalea
510
5

5
Magnolia
455
4
14
Chinese Fir
440
4

6
Juniper
180
3
15
Firethorn
530
5

7
Pampas
450
4
16
Redbud
170
3

8
Yellow Jasmine
570
5
17
Nandina
440
4

9
Carolina Cherry
460
4
18
Holly
465
4

Out
3,725
36
In
3,710
36

Source:[1][74]
Total
7,435
72

text: Lengths of the course for the Masters at the start of each decade:

text:
2010: 7,435 yards (6,799 m)
2000: 6,985 yards (6,387 m)
1990: 6,905 yards (6,314 m)
1980: 7,040 yards (6,437 m)

1970: 6,980 yards (6,383 m)
1960: 6,980 yards (6,383 m)
1950: 6,900 yards (6,309 m)
1940: 6,800 yards (6,218 m)[1]

text:
The course was lengthened to 7,445 yards (6,808 m) in 2006. The first hole was shortened
by 10 yards (9 m) in 2009, resulting in the current length of 7,435 yards (6,799 m).

text: Course adjustments[edit]

text: As with many other courses, Augusta National's championship setup was lengthened in recent years. In 2001, the course measured 6,925 yards (6,332 m) and was extended to 7,270 yards (6,648 m) for 2002, and again in 2006 to 7,445 yards (6,808 m); 520 yards (475 m) longer than the 2001 course.[75][76] The changes attracted many critics, including the most successful players in Masters history, Jack Nicklaus, Arnold Palmer, Gary Player and Tiger Woods. Woods claimed that the "shorter hitters are going to struggle." Augusta National chairman Hootie Johnson was unperturbed, stating, "We are comfortable with what we are doing with the golf course." After a practice round, Gary Player defended the changes, saying, "There have been a lot of criticisms, but I think unjustly so, now I've played it.... The guys are basically having to hit the same second shots that Jack Nicklaus had to hit (in his prime)".[77]

text: Originally, the grass on the putting greens was the wide-bladed Bermuda. The greens lost speed, especially during the late 1970s, after the introduction of a healthier strain of narrow-bladed Bermuda, which thrived and grew thicker. In 1978, the greens on the par 3 course were reconstructed with bentgrass, a narrow-bladed species that could be mowed shorter, eliminating grain.[78] After this test run, the greens on the main course were replaced with bentgrass in time for the 1981 Masters. The bentgrass resulted in significantly faster putting surfaces, which has required a reduction in some of the contours of the greens over time.[78]

text: Just before the 1975 tournament, the common beige sand in the bunkers was replaced with the now-signature white feldspar. It is a quartz derivative of the mining of feldspar and is shipped in from North Carolina.[79]

text: Field[edit]

text: The Masters has the smallest field of the major championships, with 90–100 players. Unlike other majors, there are no alternates or qualifying tournaments. It is an invitational event, with invitations largely issued on an automatic basis to players who meet published criteria. The top 50 players in the Official World Golf Ranking are all invited.[80]

text: Past champions are always eligible, but since 2002 the Augusta National Golf Club has discouraged them from continuing to participate at an advanced age. Some will later become honorary starters.[81]

text:
Masters Tournament Champions (lifetime)
U.S. Open champions (five years)
The Open champions (five years)
PGA champions (five years)
Winners of the Players Championship (three years)
Current Olympic Gold Medalist (one year)
Current U.S. Amateur champion and runner-up
Current British Amateur champion
Current Asia-Pacific Amateur champion
Current U.S. Mid-Amateur champion
Current Latin America Amateur champion
The first 12 players, including ties, in the previous year's Masters Tournament
The first 4 players, including ties, in the previous year's U.S. Open
The first 4 players, including ties, in the previous year's Open Championship
The first 4 players, including ties, in the previous year's PGA Championship
Winners of PGA Tour regular-season and playoff events that award at least a full-point allocation for the FedEx Cup, starting with the RBC Heritage the week after the Masters to the Shell Houston Open the week beforehand.
Those qualifying for the previous year's season-ending Tour Championship (top 30 in FedEx Cup prior to tournament)
The 50 leaders on the Final Official World Golf Ranking for the previous calendar year
The 50 leaders on the Official World Golf Ranking published during the week prior to the current Masters Tournament

text: Most of the top current players will meet the criteria of multiple categories for invitation. The Masters Committee, at its discretion, can also invite any golfer not otherwise qualified, although in practice these invitations are currently reserved for international players.[83]

text: Changes for the 2014 tournament include invitations now being awarded to the autumn events in the PGA Tour, which now begin the wraparound season, tightening of qualifications (top 12 plus ties from the Masters, top 4 from the U.S. Open, Open Championship, and PGA Championship), and the top 30 on the PGA Tour now referencing the season-ending points before the Tour Championship, not the former annual money list.[70] The 2015 Masters added the winner of the newly established Latin America Amateur Championship, which effectively replaced the exemption for the United States Amateur Public Links Championship, which ended after the 2014 tournament. (The final Public Links champion played in the 2015 Masters.)[84]

text: Champions[edit]

text: The first winner of the Masters Tournament was Horton Smith in 1934, and he repeated in 1936. The player with the most Masters victories is Jack Nicklaus, who won six times between 1963 and 1986. Arnold Palmer and Tiger Woods have each won four, and Jimmy Demaret, Gary Player, Sam Snead, Nick Faldo, and Phil Mickelson have three titles to their name. Player was the tournament's first overseas winner with his first victory in 1961. Two-time champions include Byron Nelson, Ben Hogan, Tom Watson, Seve Ballesteros, Bernhard Langer, Ben Crenshaw, José María Olazábal, and Bubba Watson.[85]

text:
Year
Champion
Country
To par
Margin
of victory
Runner(s)-up
Winner's
share ($)

2018
Patrick Reed
 United States
−15
1 stroke
 Rickie Fowler
1,980,000

2017
Sergio García
 Spain
−9
Playoff
 Justin Rose
1,980,000

2016
Danny Willett
 England
−5
3 strokes
 Jordan Spieth
 Lee Westwood
1,800,000

2015
Jordan Spieth
 United States
–18
4 strokes
 Phil Mickelson
 Justin Rose
1,800,000

2014
Bubba Watson (2)
 United States
−8
3 strokes
 Jonas Blixt
 Jordan Spieth
1,620,000

2013
Adam Scott
 Australia
−9
Playoff
 Ángel Cabrera
1,440,000

2012
Bubba Watson
 United States
−10
Playoff
 Louis Oosthuizen
1,440,000

2011
Charl Schwartzel
 South Africa
−14
2 strokes
 Jason Day
 Adam Scott
1,440,000

2010
Phil Mickelson (3)
 United States
−16
3 strokes
 Lee Westwood
1,350,000

2009
Ángel Cabrera
 Argentina
−12
Playoff
 Kenny Perry
 Chad Campbell
1,350,000

2008
Trevor Immelman
 South Africa
−8
3 strokes
 Tiger Woods
1,350,000

2007
Zach Johnson
 United States
+1
2 strokes
 Retief Goosen
 Rory Sabbatini
 Tiger Woods
1,305,000

2006
Phil Mickelson (2)
 United States
−7
2 strokes
 Tim Clark
1,260,000

2005
Tiger Woods (4)
 United States
−12
Playoff
 Chris DiMarco
1,260,000

2004
Phil Mickelson
 United States
−9
1 stroke
 Ernie Els
1,117,000

2003
Mike Weir
 Canada
−7
Playoff
 Len Mattiace
1,080,000

2002
Tiger Woods (3)
 United States
−12
3 strokes
 Retief Goosen
1,008,000

2001
Tiger Woods (2)
 United States
−16
2 strokes
 David Duval
1,008,000

2000
Vijay Singh
 Fiji
−10
3 strokes
 Ernie Els
828,000

1999
José María Olazábal (2)
 Spain
−8
2 strokes
 Davis Love III
720,000

1998
Mark O'Meara
 United States
−9
1 stroke
 Fred Couples
 David Duval
576,000

1997
Tiger Woods
 United States
−18
12 strokes
 Tom Kite
486,000

1996
Nick Faldo (3)
 England
−12
5 strokes
 Greg Norman
450,000

1995
Ben Crenshaw (2)
 United States
−14
1 stroke
 Davis Love III
396,000

1994
José María Olazábal
 Spain
−9
2 strokes
 Tom Lehman
360,000

1993
Bernhard Langer (2)
 Germany
−11
4 strokes
 Chip Beck
306,000

1992
Fred Couples
 United States
−13
2 strokes
 Raymond Floyd
270,000

1991
Ian Woosnam
 Wales
−11
1 stroke
 José María Olazábal
243,000

1990
Nick Faldo (2)
 England
−10
Playoff
 Raymond Floyd
225,000

1989
Nick Faldo
 England
−5
Playoff
 Scott Hoch
200,000

1988
Sandy Lyle
 Scotland
−7
1 stroke
 Mark Calcavecchia
183,800

1987
Larry Mize
 United States
−3
Playoff
 Seve Ballesteros
 Greg Norman
162,000

1986
Jack Nicklaus (6)
 United States
−9
1 stroke
 Tom Kite
 Greg Norman
144,000

1985
Bernhard Langer
 West Germany
−6
2 strokes
 Seve Ballesteros
 Raymond Floyd
 Curtis Strange
126,000

1984
Ben Crenshaw
 United States
−11
2 strokes
 Tom Watson
108,000

1983
Seve Ballesteros (2)
 Spain
−8
4 strokes
 Ben Crenshaw
 Tom Kite
90,000

1982
Craig Stadler
 United States
−4
Playoff
 Dan Pohl
64,000

1981
Tom Watson (2)
 United States
−8
2 strokes
 Johnny Miller
 Jack Nicklaus
60,000

1980
Seve Ballesteros
 Spain
−13
4 strokes
 Gibby Gilbert
 Jack Newton
55,000

1979
Fuzzy Zoeller
 United States
−8
Playoff
 Ed Sneed
 Tom Watson
50,000

1978
Gary Player (3)
 South Africa
−11
1 stroke
 Rod Funseth
 Hubert Green
 Tom Watson
45,000

1977
Tom Watson
 United States
−12
2 strokes
 Jack Nicklaus
40,000

1976
Raymond Floyd
 United States
−17
8 strokes
 Ben Crenshaw
40,000

1975
Jack Nicklaus (5)
 United States
−12
1 stroke
 Johnny Miller
 Tom Weiskopf
40,000

1974
Gary Player (2)
 South Africa
−10
2 strokes
 Dave Stockton
 Tom Weiskopf
35,000

1973
Tommy Aaron
 United States
−5
1 stroke
 J. C. Snead
30,000

1972
Jack Nicklaus (4)
 United States
−2
3 strokes
 Bruce Crampton
 Bobby Mitchell
 Tom Weiskopf
25,000

1971
Charles Coody
 United States
−9
2 strokes
 Johnny Miller
 Jack Nicklaus
25,000

1970
Billy Casper
 United States
−9
Playoff
 Gene Littler
25,000

1969
George Archer
 United States
−7
1 stroke
 Billy Casper
 George Knudson
 Tom Weiskopf
20,000

1968
Bob Goalby
 United States
−11
1 stroke
 Roberto De Vicenzo
20,000

1967
Gay Brewer
 United States
−8
1 stroke
 Bobby Nichols
20,000

1966
Jack Nicklaus (3)
 United States
0 !E
Playoff
 Tommy Jacobs (2nd)
 Gay Brewer (3rd)
20,000

1965
Jack Nicklaus (2)
 United States
−17
9 strokes
 Arnold Palmer
 Gary Player
20,000

1964
Arnold Palmer (4)
 United States
−12
6 strokes
 Dave Marr
 Jack Nicklaus
20,000

1963
Jack Nicklaus
 United States
−2
1 stroke
 Tony Lema
20,000

1962
Arnold Palmer (3)
 United States
−8
Playoff
 Gary Player (2nd)
 Dow Finsterwald (3rd)
20,000

1961
Gary Player
 South Africa
−8
1 stroke
 Charles Coe (a)
 Arnold Palmer
20,000

1960
Arnold Palmer (2)
 United States
−6
1 stroke
 Ken Venturi
17,500

1959
Art Wall, Jr.
 United States
−4
1 stroke
 Cary Middlecoff
15,000

1958
Arnold Palmer
 United States
−4
1 stroke
 Doug Ford
 Fred Hawkins
11,250

1957
Doug Ford
 United States
−5
3 strokes
 Sam Snead
8,750

1956
Jack Burke, Jr.
 United States
+1
1 stroke
 Ken Venturi (a)
6,000

1955
Cary Middlecoff
 United States
−9
7 strokes
 Ben Hogan
5,000

1954
Sam Snead (3)
 United States
+1
Playoff
 Ben Hogan
5,000

1953
Ben Hogan (2)
 United States
−14
5 strokes
 Ed Oliver
4,000

1952
Sam Snead (2)
 United States
−2
4 strokes
 Jack Burke, Jr.
4,000

1951
Ben Hogan
 United States
−8
2 strokes
 Skee Riegel
3,000

1950
Jimmy Demaret (3)
 United States
−5
2 strokes
 Jim Ferrier
2,400

1949
Sam Snead
 United States
−6
3 strokes
 Johnny Bulla
 Lloyd Mangrum
2,750

1948
Claude Harmon
 United States
−9
5 strokes
 Cary Middlecoff
2,500

1947
Jimmy Demaret (2)
 United States
−7
2 strokes
 Byron Nelson
 Frank Stranahan (a)
2,500

1946
Herman Keiser
 United States
−6
1 stroke
 Ben Hogan
2,500

1943–45: Cancelled due to World War II

1942
Byron Nelson (2)
 United States
−8
Playoff
 Ben Hogan
1,500

1941
Craig Wood
 United States
−8
3 strokes
 Byron Nelson
1,500

1940
Jimmy Demaret
 United States
−8
4 strokes
 Lloyd Mangrum
1,500

1939
Ralph Guldahl
 United States
−9
1 stroke
 Sam Snead
1,500

1938
Henry Picard
 United States
−3
2 strokes
 Harry Cooper
 Ralph Guldahl
1,500

1937
Byron Nelson
 United States
−5
2 strokes
 Ralph Guldahl
1,500

1936
Horton Smith (2)
 United States
−3
1 stroke
 Harry Cooper
1,500

1935
Gene Sarazen
 United States
−6
Playoff
 Craig Wood
1,500

1934
Horton Smith
 United States
−4
2 strokes
 Craig Wood
1,500

text:
In the "Runner(s)-up" column, the years are sorted alphabetically, based on the name of the country of (1) that year's runner-up or (2) the first player listed, in years that have multiple runners-up.
The sudden-death format was adopted in 1976, first used in 1979, and revised in 2004.[86]

None of the 11 sudden-death playoffs has advanced past the second hole; four were decided at the first hole, seven at the second.

Playoffs prior to 1976 were full 18-hole rounds, except for 1935, which was 36 holes.

None of the 6 full-round playoffs were tied at the end of the round; the closest margin was one stroke in 1942 and 1954.
The 1962 playoff included three players: Arnold Palmer (68), Gary Player (71), and Dow Finsterwald (77).
The 1966 playoff included three players: Jack Nicklaus (70), Tommy Jacobs (72), and Gay Brewer (78).

text: Low amateurs[edit]

text: In 1952 the Masters began presenting an award, known as the Silver Cup, to the lowest-scoring amateur to make the cut. In 1954 they began presenting an amateur silver medal to the low amateur runner-up. There have been six players to win low amateur and then go on to win the Masters as a professional. These players are Cary Middlecoff, Jack Nicklaus, Ben Crenshaw, Phil Mickelson, Tiger Woods and Sergio García.

text:
Year
Champion
Country
To par
Place

1934
Charlie Yates
 United States
+9
21

1935
Lawson Little
 United States
E
6

1936
Johnny Dawson
 United States
+6
9

1937
Charlie Yates (2)
 United States
+13
27

1938
Tommy Tailer
 United States
+10
19

1939
Chick Harbert
Charlie Yates (3)
 United States
 United States
+8
18

1940
Charlie Yates (4)
 United States
+5
17

1941
Dick Chapman
 United States
+9
19

1942
Charlie Yates (5)
 United States
+16
28

1943–45
Cancelled due to World War II

1946
Cary Middlecoff
 United States
+5
12

1947
Frank Stranahan
 United States
−5
2

1948
Skee Riegel
 United States
+5
13

1949
Charles Coe
Johnny Dawson (2)
 United States
 United States
+7
16

1950
Frank Stranahan (2)
 United States
+9
14

1951
Charles Coe (2)
 United States
+5
12

1952
Chuck Kocsis
 United States
+9
14

1953
Frank Stranahan (3)
Harvie Ward
 United States
 United States
+3
14

1954
Billy Joe Patton
 United States
+2
3

1955
Harvie Ward (2)
 United States
+2
7

1956
Ken Venturi
 United States
+2
2

1957
Harvie Ward (3)
 United States
E
4

1958
Billy Joe Patton (2)
 United States
E
8

1959
Charles Coe (3)
 United States
E
6

1960
Jack Nicklaus
Billy Joe Patton (3)
 United States
 United States
+5
13

1961
Charles Coe (4)
 United States
−7
2

1962
Charles Coe (5)
 United States
E
9

1963
Labron Harris, Jr.
 United States
+10
32

1964
Deane Beman
 United States
E
13

1965
Downing Gray
 United States
+6
31

1966
Jimmy Grant
 United States
+11
28

1967
Downing Gray (2)
 United States
+9
36

1968
Vinny Giles
 United States
E
22

1969
Bruce Fleisher
 United States
+12
44

1970
Charles Coe (6)
 United States
+4
23

1971
Steve Melnyk
 United States
+4
24

1972
Ben Crenshaw
 United States
+7
19

1973
Ben Crenshaw (2)
 United States
+7
24

1974
None made the cut

1975
George Burns
 United States
+4
30

1976
Curtis Strange
 United States
+3
15

1977
Bill Sander
 United States
+11
49

1978
Lindy Miller
 United States
−2
16

1979
Bobby Clampett
 United States
+2
23

1980
Jay Sigel
 United States
+1
26

1981
Jay Sigel (2)
 United States
+6
35

1982
Jodie Mudd
 United States
+6
20

1983
Jim Hallet
 United States
+9
40

1984
Rick Fehr
 United States
E
25

1985
Sam Randolph
 United States
+2
18

1986
Sam Randolph (2)
 United States
+5
36

1987
Bob Lewis
 United States
+21
54

1988
Jay Sigel (3)
 United States
+12
39

1989
None made the cut

1990
Chris Patton
 United States
+9
39

1991
Phil Mickelson
 United States
+2
46

1992
Manny Zerman
 South Africa
+6
59

1993
None made the cut

1994
John Harris
 United States
+17
50

1995
Tiger Woods
 United States
+5
41

1996
None made the cut

1997
None made the cut

1998
Matt Kuchar
 United States
E
21

1999
Sergio García
 Spain
+7
38

2000
David Gossett
 United States
+15
54

2001
None made the cut

2002
None made the cut

2003
Ricky Barnes
 United States
+3
21

2004
Casey Wittenberg
 United States
E
13

2005
Ryan Moore
 United States
−1
15

2006
None made the cut

2007
None made the cut

2008
None made the cut

2009
None made the cut

2010
Matteo Manassero
 Italy
+4
36

2011
Hideki Matsuyama
 Japan
−1
27

2012
Patrick Cantlay
 United States
+7
47

2013
Guan Tianlang
 China
+12
58

2014
Oliver Goss
 Australia
+10
49

2015
None made the cut

2016
Bryson DeChambeau
 United States
+5
21

2017
Stewart Hagestad
 United States
+6
36

2018
Doug Ghim
 United States
+8
50

text: Records[edit]

text: Jack Nicklaus has won the most Masters (six) and was 46 years, 82 days old when he won in 1986, making him the oldest winner of the Masters.[23] Nicklaus is the record holder for the most top tens, with 22, and the most cuts made, with 37.[71][87] The youngest winner of the Masters is Tiger Woods, who was 21 years, 104 days old when he won in 1997. In that year Woods also broke the records for the widest winning margin (12 strokes), and the lowest winning score, with 270 (−18). Jordan Spieth tied his score record in 2015.[88]

text: In 2013, Guan Tianlang became the youngest player ever to compete in the Masters, at age 14 years, 168 days on the opening day of the tournament;[89] the following day, he became the youngest ever to make the cut at the Masters or any men's major championship.[90]

text: Gary Player holds the record for most appearances, with 52. Player also holds the record for the number of consecutive cuts made, with 23 between 1959 and 1982 (Player did not compete in 1973 as he was recovering from recent surgery). He shares this record with Fred Couples, who made his consecutive cuts between 1983 and 2007, not competing in 1987 and 1994.[71]

text: Nick Price and Greg Norman share the course record of 63, with their rounds coming in 1986 and 1996 respectively.

text: The highest winning score of 289 (+1) has occurred three times: Sam Snead in 1954, Jack Burke, Jr. in 1956, and Zach Johnson in 2007. Anthony Kim holds the record for most birdies in a round with 11 in 2009 during his second round.[88]

text: There have been only four double eagles carded in the history of the Masters; the latest was by a contender in the fourth round in 2012. In the penultimate pairing with eventual champion Bubba Watson, Louis Oosthuizen's 260-yard (238 m) downhill 4 iron from the fairway made the left side of the green at the par-5 second hole, called Pink Dogwood, rolled downhill, and in.[91] The other two rare occurrences of this feat after Sarazen's double eagle on the fabled course's Fire Thorn hole in 1935: Bruce Devlin made double eagle from 248 yards (227 m) out with a 4-wood at the eighth hole (Yellow Jasmine) in the first round in 1967, while Jeff Maggert hit a 3-iron 222 yards (203 m) at the 13th hole (Azalea) in the fourth round in 1994.[92]

text: Three players share the record for most runner-up finishes with four: Ben Hogan (1942, 1946, 1954, 1955), Tom Weiskopf (1969, 1972, 1974, 1975), Jack Nicklaus (1964, 1971, 1977, 1981)

text: Broadcasting[edit]

text: United States television[edit]

text: CBS has televised the Masters in the United States every year since 1956,[93] when it used six cameras and covered only the final four holes. Tournament coverage of the first eight holes did not begin until 1993 because of resistance from the tournament organizers, but by 2006, more than 50 cameras were used. Chairman Jack Stephens felt that the back nine was always more "compelling", increased coverage would increase the need for sponsorship spending, and that broadcasting the front nine of the course on television would cut down on attendance and television viewership for the tournament.[93][94][95] USA Network added first- and second-round coverage in 1982.[96] The Masters has been broadcast every year in high-definition television since 2000, one of the first golf tournaments to ever hold that distinction.[citation needed] In 2008, ESPN replaced USA as broadcaster of early-round coverage. These broadcasts use the CBS Sports production staff and commentators, but with ESPN personality Scott Van Pelt (succeeding Mike Tirico, who replaced Bill Macatee's similar role under USA Network) as studio host.[97][96][98]

text: In 2005, CBS broadcast the tournament with high-definition fixed and handheld wired cameras, as well as standard-definition wireless handheld cameras. In 2006, a webstream called "Amen Corner Live" began providing coverage of all players passing through holes 11, 12, and 13 through all four rounds.[99] This was the first full tournament multi-hole webcast from a major championship. In 2007, CBS added "Masters Extra," an extra hour of full-field bonus coverage daily on the internet, preceding the television broadcasts. In 2008, CBS added full coverage of holes 15 and 16 live on the web. In 2011, "Masters Extra" was dropped after officials gave ESPN an extra hour each day on Thursday and Friday. In 2016, the Amen Corner feed was broadcast in 4K ultra high definition exclusively on DirecTV—as one of the first live U.S. sports telecasts in the format.[100][101] A second channel of 4K coverage covering holes 15 and 16 was added in 2017,[102] and this coverage will be produced in high-dynamic-range video in 2018.[103]

text: While Augusta National Golf Club has consistently chosen CBS as its U.S. broadcast partner, it has done so in successive one-year contracts. Former CBS Sports president Neal Pilson stated that their relationship had gotten to the point where the contracts could be negotiated in just hours.[93] Due to the lack of long-term contractual security, as well as the club's limited dependence on broadcast rights fees (owing to its affluent membership), it is widely held that CBS allows Augusta National greater control over the content of the broadcast, or at least performs some form of self-censorship, in order to maintain future rights. The club, however, has insisted it does not make any demands with respect to the content of the broadcast.[104][105] Despite this, announcers who have been deemed not to have acted with the decorum expected by the club have been removed, notably Jack Whitaker and Gary McCord,[104] and there also tends to be a lack of discussion of any controversy involving Augusta National, such as the 2003 Martha Burk protests.[105]

text: Coverage itself carries a more formal style than other golf telecasts; announcers refer to the gallery as patrons rather than as spectators or fans. Gallery itself is also used.[106] The club also disallows promotions for other network programs, or other forms of sponsored features.[106] Significant restrictions have been placed on the tournament's broadcast hours compared to other major championships. Only in the 21st century did the tournament allow CBS to air 18-hole coverage of the leaders, a standard at the other three majors.[104] Since 1982, CBS has used "Augusta" by Dave Loggins as the event telecast's distinctive theme music. Loggins originally came up with the song during his first trip to the Augusta course in 1981.[107]

text: The club mandates minimal commercial interruption, currently limited to four minutes per hour (as opposed to the usual 12 or more); this is subsidized by selling exclusive sponsorship packages to two or three companies – currently these "global sponsors" are AT&T, IBM, and Mercedes-Benz.[106] AT&T (then SBC) and IBM have sponsored the tournament since 2005, joined at first by ExxonMobil, which in 2014 was replaced as a global sponsor by Mercedes-Benz.[108] In 2002, in the wake of calls to boycott tournament sponsors over the Martha Burk controversy, club chairman Hootie Johnson suspended all television sponsorship of the 2003 tournament. He argued that it was "unfair" to have the Masters' sponsors become involved with the controversy by means of association with the tournament, as their sponsorship is of the Masters and not Augusta National itself. CBS agreed to split production costs for the tournament with the club to make up for the lack of sponsorship. After the arrangement continued into 2004, the tournament reinstated sponsorships for 2005, with the new partners of ExxonMobil, IBM, and SBC.[109][110]

text: The club also sells separate sponsorship packages, which do not provide rights to air commercials on the U.S. telecasts, to two "international partners"; in 2014, those companies were Rolex and UPS (the latter of which replaced Mercedes-Benz upon that company's elevation to "global sponsor" status).[108]

text: Radio coverage[edit]

text: WestwoodOne (previously Dial Global and CBS Radio) has provided live radio play-by-play coverage in the United States since 1956. This coverage can also be heard on the official Masters website. The network provides short two- or three-minute updates throughout the tournament, as well as longer three- and four-hour segments towards the end of the day.[111]

text: International television[edit]

text: The BBC has broadcast the Masters in the UK since 1986, and it also provides live radio commentary on the closing stages on Radio Five Live. With the 2007 launch of BBC HD, UK viewers can now watch the championship in that format. BBC Sport held the TV and radio rights through to 2010.[112] The BBC's coverage airs without commercials because it is financed by a licence fee. From the 2011 Masters, Sky Sports began broadcasting all four days, as well as the par 3 contest in HD and, for the first time ever, in 3D. The BBC will only have highlights of the first two days' play but will go head to head with Sky Sports, with full live coverage on the final two days of play.[113] In Ireland, Setanta Ireland previously showed all four rounds, and now since 2017 Eir Sport broadcast all four rounds live having previously broadcast the opening two rounds with RTÉ broadcasting the weekend coverage.[114]

text: In Canada, broadcast rights to the Masters are held by Bell Media, with coverage divided between TSN (cable), which carries live simulcasts and primetime encores of CBS and ESPN coverage for all four rounds, CTV (broadcast), which simulcasts CBS's coverage of the weekend rounds, and RDS, which carries French-language coverage. Prior to 2013, Canadian broadcast rights were held by a marketing company, Graham Sanborn Media,[115] which in turn bought time on the Global Television Network, TSN, and RDS (except for 2012 when French-language coverage aired on TVA and TVA Sports) to air the broadcasts, also selling all of the advertising for the Canadian broadcasts. This was an unusual arrangement in Canadian sports broadcasting, as in most cases broadcasters acquire their rights directly from the event organizers or through partnerships with international rightsholders, such as ESPN International (ESPN owns a minority stake in TSN). In 2013, Global and TSN began selling advertising directly, and co-produced supplemental programs covering the tournament (while still carrying U.S. coverage for the tournament itself).[116][117]

text: On December 15, 2015, TSN parent company Bell Media announced that it had acquired exclusive Canadian rights to the tournament beginning 2016 under a multi-year deal. Broadcast television coverage moved to co-owned broadcast network CTV, while TSN uses its expanded five-channel service to carry supplemental feeds (including the Amen Corner feed and early coverage of each round) that were previously exclusive to digital platforms.[118][119]

text: In 53 countries, including much of Latin America, broadcast rights for the entire tournament are held by the ESPN International networks.[120]

text: Ticketing[edit]

text: Although tickets for the Masters are not expensive, they are very difficult to come by. Even the practice rounds can be difficult to get into. Applications for practice round tickets have to be made nearly a year in advance and the successful applicants are chosen by random ballot. Tickets to the actual tournament are sold only to members of a patrons list, which is closed. A waiting list for the patrons list was opened in 1972 and closed in 1978. It was reopened in 2000 and subsequently closed once again. In 2008, the Masters also began allowing children (between the ages of 8 and 16) to enter on tournament days free if they are accompanied by the patron who is the owner of his or her badge.[121]

text: The difficulty in acquiring Masters badges has made the tournament one of the largest events on the secondary-ticket market.[122] A majority of the badges for the Masters are delivered to the same group of patrons, fans, and members each year, and these perennial ticket holders sometimes decide to sell their badges through large ticket marketplaces such as StubHub, TicketCity, and VividSeats. Some of these marketplaces will allow fans to purchase a Masters badge for a single day, as opposed to the traditional 4-day pass.[123]


document_title: David Akers

question_text: when did david akers kick the 63 yard field goal

root

text: David Akers

text: Early years[edit]

text: Akers attended Tates Creek High School in Lexington, Kentucky.[1]

tag: p

text: College career[edit]

text: Akers attended college at the University of Louisville and played for the Louisville Cardinals football team. During his four-year college career, Akers kicked a school-record 36 field goals (with a long of 51 yards against Texas A&M University), and ranks second on Louisville's all-time scoring list, with 219 points.

text: Professional career[edit]

text: Atlanta Falcons and Carolina Panthers[edit]

text: Between 1997 and 1998, as an undrafted free agent, Akers spent time trying to make the team with the Atlanta Falcons and Carolina Panthers.

text: Washington Redskins[edit]

text: Akers was signed by the Washington Redskins in 1998 and played in one game for them, making two extra points but missing two field goal attempts of 48+ yards each. He was waived by the Redskins during the 1999 season.

text: Philadelphia Eagles[edit]

text: After Washington cut Akers, the Philadelphia Eagles claimed him off waivers and allocated him to NFL Europe. A solid season with the Berlin Thunder helped him earn the kicking job for the Eagles in 2000. Akers proved to be one of the biggest special teams surprises in all of the NFL that season. He made 29 out of 33 field goals (an 87.9% success rate), and had a team-record 121 points. Akers earned the NFC Special Teams Player of the Month award in November 2000. He made the Pro Bowl for the first time in 2001 as he went 26-for-31, making a team-record seventeen consecutive field goals during the season.

text: Akers' best statistical season was 2002 when he connected on 30 of 34 field goals (88.2%), scored a team-record 133 points, and made another Pro Bowl. He got fewer chances in 2003, but still made 24 of 29 field goals. He made the third-longest field goal in Eagles' history on September 14, 2003, a 57-yarder against the New England Patriots at the new Lincoln Financial Field (the only longer field goals in Eagles' history were Jake Elliott's 61-yard field goal in 2017 and Tony Franklin's 59-yard field goal in 1979.) In 2004, Akers continued his consistent kicking with an 84.4% field goal percentage, and he made his third Pro Bowl.

text: Injuries finally got to Akers in 2005 when he tore the hamstring in his non-kicking leg during the opening kickoff against the Oakland Raiders on September 25, 2005. Akers left the game, but returned in the second half with a heavily taped leg to make two extra points and then kick the game-winning 28-yard field goal before collapsing in pain as his teammates mobbed him. He missed the next four games and finished the season 16 for 22.

text: In 2006, Akers was injury-free, but made only 18 of 23 attempts (78.3%), his second worst season statistically.

text: On December 16, 2007, in a 10-6 win over the Dallas Cowboys, Akers set the Philadelphia Eagles franchise record for most points and on Thanksgiving in 2008, Akers passed 1,000 career points during a 48-20 win over the Arizona Cardinals.

text: On December 7, 2008, Akers kicked a 51-yard field goal at Giants Stadium, his longest of the season. In the same game he had two field goals blocked, one of which was returned for a touchdown. At the end of the 2008 regular season, Akers again set the team single-season scoring record with an NFC-best 144 points. He connected on 33 of 40 field goals (82.5 pct), his best percentage since 2004.

text: On January 11, 2009, Akers kicked three field goals in three attempts during a divisional playoff win over the New York Giants. The second of these set an NFL record for consecutive field goals without a miss during the postseason, previously held by one-time Eagle Gary Anderson. Akers eventually ran his streak to a record 19 consecutive postseason field goal conversions; it was snapped the very next week against the Arizona Cardinals. Akers currently has thirty-five total postseason field goal conversions.

text: Akers was selected to the 2010 Pro Bowl, his fourth. He was also named to the NFL All-Decade Team for the 2000s.[2] After the 2010 season, he was selected to his fifth career Pro Bowl.

text: San Francisco 49ers[edit]

text: Akers was signed by the San Francisco 49ers to a $9 million, three-year contract on July 29, 2011. He kicked a 59-yard field goal just before halftime in a preseason game against the New Orleans Saints on August 12, 2011. On September 18, 2011, he kicked a 55-yard field goal against the Dallas Cowboys, setting a record for the longest field goal made at Candlestick Park.

text: Akers broke the 49ers' record for most points scored in a season in a 20–3 win over the Pittsburgh Steelers in a Monday Night Football matchup on December 19, 2011.[3] The record was formerly held by the 49ers' Hall of Fame wide receiver, Jerry Rice. In that same game against the Seahawks, Akers broke the all-time record for field goals in a season, surpassing Neil Rackers' 40 in 2005.

text: On January 1, 2012, Akers broke the NFL record for most points by a kicker in a single season against the St. Louis Rams; he finished with 166 points. In this game, he also extended his NFL record for most field goals made in a single season, finishing with 44, and threw for a touchdown on a fake field goal. Akers made his sixth Pro Bowl at the end of the season.

text: On September 9, 2012, Akers tied the NFL record for the longest field goal by kicking a 63-yard field goal off the crossbar against the Green Bay Packers at Lambeau Field.[4] The record was originally set by Tom Dempsey and was shared with Jason Elam and Sebastian Janikowski until Broncos kicker Matt Prater broke the record with a 64-yard field goal on December 8, 2013.

text: The long field goals by Elam, Janikowski, and Prater were all made in Denver, where the ball has the ability to travel slightly farther in thinner air. Elam kicked his 63-yard field goal at Mile High Stadium, while the 63-yarder by Janikowski and the 64-yarder by Prater were at Sports Authority Field at Mile High. It should be noted in track and field, the IAAF denotes any records set 1,000 metres (about 3,937 feet) or more above sea level as altitude-assisted records, and the Dempsey (Tulane Stadium) and Akers (Lambeau Field) records were set below the 1,000m threshold.[5][6]

text: The 49ers advanced to Super Bowl XLVII following the 2012 season, marking Akers' second appearance in the game. In the game, Akers went 3 for 3 in field goal attempts, but San Francisco narrowly lost to the Baltimore Ravens by a 34–31 score.[7]

text: On March 6, 2013, Akers was released after two seasons with the 49ers.[8]

text: Detroit Lions[edit]

text: On April 6, 2013, Akers signed with the Detroit Lions, three days after the retirement of 21-season Lions kicker Jason Hanson.[9]

text: NFL records[edit]

text:
Points in a single decade (2000–2009): 1,169
Points in Pro Bowl History: 57
Most points in a season, no touchdowns (2011): 166
Most games 4+ field goals in a season (2011): 6
Most games 10+ points in a season (2011): 10 - tied with four others
Field Goals in an NFL Season: 44[10]
Field Goals attempted in an NFL Season: 52
Longest Field Goal in Pro Bowl History: 53 yards, 2005 (Eagles).

tag: ul

text: NFL statistics[edit]

text:
Year
Team
Games
Field Goals Made
Field Goals Attempted
Field Goal Percentage
1-19
20-29
30-39
40-49
50+
Longest Field Goal
Extra Points Made
Extra Point Attempts
Points

1998
WSH
1
0
2
0.0
0
0
0
2
0
0
2
2
2

1999
PHI
16
3
6
50.0
0
0
0
3
3
53
2
2
11

2000
PHI
16
29
33
87.9
1
6
15
10
1
51
34
36
121

2001
PHI
16
26
31
83.9
1
9
8
10
3
50
37
38
115

2002
PHI
16
30
34
88.2
0
9
16
7
2
51
43
43
133

2003
PHI
16
24
29
82.8
0
9
7
10
3
57
42
42
114

2004
PHI
16
27
32
84.4
0
4
7
18
3
51
41
42
122

2005
PHI
12
16
22
72.7
0
3
8
9
2
50
23
23
71

2006
PHI
16
18
23
78.3
0
10
5
8
0
47
48
48
102

2007
PHI
16
24
32
75.0
0
12
10
6
4
53
36
36
108

2008
PHI
16
33
40
82.5
2
11
12
10
5
51
45
45
144

2009
PHI
16
32
37
86.5
1
11
9
13
3
52
43
45
139

2010
PHI
16
32
38
84.2
0
12
12
11
3
50
47
47
143

2011
SF
16
44
52
84.6
2
16
14
11
9
55
34
34
166

2012
SF
16
29
42
69.0
1
9
13
13
6
63
44
44
131

2013
DET
16
19
24
79.2
1
5
8
7
3
53
42
43
99

Career

237
386
477
80.9
9
126
144
148
50
63
563
570
1,721

tag: table

text: Personal life[edit]

text: Akers and his wife, Erika, reside in Franklin, Tennessee, with their sons Luke and Sawyer, and daughter Halley. He has maintained a summer residence in Ocean City, New Jersey.[12]

text: Akers is a Christian.[13]

text: In 2001, the Akers family formed the David Akers Kicks for Kids Foundation, which has established programs with the Children's Hospital of Philadelphia to benefit sick children and their families. He also regularly trains in martial arts such as jiu-jitsu and Shaolin Kempo.[14]


document_title: Dermis

question_text: where does the papillary layer of the skin lie

text: Dermis

text: Structure[edit]

text: The dermis is composed of three major types of cells:[3] fibroblasts, macrophages, and adipocytes.

text: Apart from these cells, the dermis is also composed of matrix components such as collagen (which provides strength), elastin (which provides elasticity), and extrafibrillar matrix, an extracellular gel-like substance primarily composed of glycosaminoglycans (most notably hyaluronan), proteoglycans, and glycoproteins.[3]

text: Layers[edit]

text: Papillary dermis[edit]

text: The papillary dermis is the uppermost layer of the dermis. It intertwines with the rete ridges of the epidermis and is composed of fine and loosely arranged collagen fibers.[2]

text: The papillary region is composed of loose areolar connective tissue. This is named for its fingerlike projections called papillae, that extend toward the epidermis and contain either terminal networks of blood capillaries or tactile Meissner's corpuscles.[4]

text: Reticular dermis[edit]

text: The reticular dermis is the lower layer of the dermis, found under the papillary dermis, composed of dense irregular connective tissue featuring densely packed collagen fibers. It is the primary location of dermal elastic fibers.[2]

text: The reticular region is usually much thicker than the overlying papillary dermis. It receives its name from the dense concentration of collagenous, elastic, and reticular fibers that weave throughout it. These protein fibers give the dermis its properties of strength, extensibility, and elasticity. Within the reticular region are the roots of the hair, sebaceous glands, sweat glands, receptors, nails, and blood vessels. The orientation of collagen fibers within the reticular dermis creates lines of tension called Langer's lines, which are of some relevance in surgery and wound healing.[5]

text: Dermal papillae[edit]

text:
Dermal papillae

Papilla of the hand, treated with acetic acid. Magnified 350 times.

A. Side view of a papilla of the hand.
a. Cortical layer.
b. Tactile corpuscle.
c. Small nerve of the papilla, with neurolemma.
d. Its two nervous fibers running in spiral coils around the tactile corpuscle.
e. Apparent termination of one of these fibers.

B. Tactile papilla seen from above so as to show its transverse section.
a. Cortical layer.
b. Nerve fiber.
c. Outer layer of the tactile body, with nuclei.
d. Clear interior substance.

Details

Identifiers

Latin
papillae dermis

MeSH
D020405

TA
A16.0.00.010

TH
H3.12.00.1.03001

FMA
70323

Anatomical terminology
[edit on Wikidata]

text: The dermal papillae (DP) (singular papilla, diminutive of Latin papula, 'pimple') are small, nipple-like extensions (or interdigitations) of the dermis into the epidermis. At the surface of the skin in hands and feet, they appear as epidermal or papillary ridges (colloquially known as fingerprints).

text: Blood vessels in the dermal papillae nourish all hair follicles and bring nutrients and oxygen to the lower layers of epidermal cells. The pattern of ridges they produce in hands and feet are partly genetically determined features that develop before birth. They remain substantially unaltered (except in size) throughout life, and therefore determine the patterns of fingerprints, making them useful in certain functions of personal identification. [6]

text: The dermal papillae are part of the uppermost layer of the dermis, the papillary dermis, and the ridges they form greatly increase the surface area between the dermis and epidermis. Because the main function of the dermis is to support the epidermis, this greatly increases the exchange of oxygen, nutrients, and waste products between these two layers. Additionally, the increase in surface area prevents the dermal and epidermal layers from separating from each other by strengthening the junction between them. With age, the papillae tend to flatten and sometimes increase in number. [7]

text: Dermal papillae also play a pivotal role in hair formation, growth and cycling. [8]

text: In mucous membranes, the equivalent structures to dermal papillae are generally termed "connective tissue papillae", which interdigitate with the rete pegs of the superficial epithelium.


document_title: Securities and Exchange Board of India

question_text: who has become the new chairman of sebi

question_tokens: who has become the new chairman of sebi

text: Securities and Exchange Board of India

text: History[edit]

text: Securities and exchange Board of India (SEBI) was first established in the year 1988 AQF as a non-statutory body for regulating the, securities market. It became an autonomous body by The Government of India on 12 April 1992 and given statutory powers in 1992 with SEBI Act 1992 being passed by the Indian Parliament. SEBI has its headquarters at the business district of Bandra Kurla Complex in Mumbai, and has Northern, Eastern, Southern and Western Regional Offices in New Delhi, Kolkata, Chennai and Ahmedabad respectively. It has opened local offices at Jaipur and Bangalore and is planning to open offices at Guwahati, Bhubaneshwar, Patna, Kochi and Chandigarh in Financial Year 2013 - 2014.

text: Controller of Capital Issues was the regulatory authority before SEBI came into existence; it derived authority from the Capital Issues (Control) Act, 1947.

text: Initially SEBI was a non statutory body without any statutory power. However, in 1992, the SEBI was given additional statutory power by the Government of India through an amendment to the Securities and Exchange Board of India Act, 1992. In April 1988 the SEBI was constituted as the regulator of capital markets in India under a resolution of the Government of India. The SEBI is managed by its members, which consists of following:

text: The chairman who is nominated by Union Government of India.Two members, i.e., Officers from Union Finance Ministry. One member from the Reserve Bank of India. The remaining five members are nominated by Union Government of India, out of them at least three shall be whole-time members.

text: After amendment of 1999, collective investment scheme brought under SEBI except NIDHI, chit fund and cooperatives.

text: Organization structure[edit]

text: Ajay Tyagi was appointed chairman on 10 January 2017 replacing U K Sinha.[3] And took charge of chairman office on 1 March 2017. The Board comprises[4]

text:
Name
Designation

Ajay Tyagi
Chairman

Gurumoorthy Mahalingam
Whole Time Member

S. Raman
Whole Time Member

Madhabi Puri Buch
Whole Time Member

Shaktikanta Das
Part Time Member

N.S. Vishwanathan
Part Time Member

Arun P. Sathe
Part Time Member

Tapan Ray
Part Time Member

text: List of Chairmen:[5]

text:
Name
From
To

Ajay Tyagi
10 February 2017
present

U K Sinha
18 February 2011
10 February 2017

C. B. Bhave
18 February 2008
18 February 2011

M. Damodaran
18 February 2005
18 February 2008

G. N. Bajpai
20 February 2002
18 February 2005

D. R. Mehta
21 February 1995
20 February 2002

S. S. Nadkarni
17 January 1994
31 January 1995

G. V. Ramakrishna
24 August 1990
17 January 1994

Dr. S. A. Dave
12 April 1988
23 August 1990

text: Functions and responsibilities[edit]

text: The Preamble of the Securities and Exchange Board of India describes the basic functions of the Securities and Exchange Board of India as "...to protect the interests of investors in securities and to promote the development of, and to regulate the securities market and for matters connected there with or incidental there to".

text: SEBI has to be responsive to the needs of three groups, which constitute the market:

text:
the issuers of securities
the investors
the market intermediaries.

text: SEBI has three functions rolled into one body: quasi-legislative, quasi-judicial and quasi-executive. It drafts regulations in its legislative capacity, it conducts investigation and enforcement action in its executive function and it passes rulings and orders in its judicial capacity. Though this makes it very powerful, there is an appeal process to create accountability. There is a Securities Appellate Tribunal which is a three-member tribunal and is headed by Mr. Justice J P Devadhar, a former judge of the Bombay High Court.[6] A second appeal lies directly to the Supreme Court. SEBI has taken a very proactive role in streamlining disclosure requirements to international standards.[7]

text: Powers[edit]

text: For the discharge of its functions efficiently, SEBI has been vested with the following powers:

text:
to approve by−laws of Securities exchanges.
to require the Securities exchange to amend their by−laws.
inspect the books of accounts and call for periodical returns from recognized Securities exchanges.
inspect the books of accounts of financial intermediaries.
compel certain companies to list their shares in one or more Securities exchanges.
registration broke

tag: ol

text: There are two types of brokers:

text:
Discount Brokers
Merchant Brokers

text: SEBI committees

text:
Technical Advisory Committee
Committee for review of structure of market infrastructure institutions
Advisory Committee for the SEBI Investor Protection and Education Fund
Takeover Regulations Advisory Committee
Primary Market Advisory Committee (PMAC)
Secondary Market Advisory Committee (SMAC)
Mutual Fund Advisory Committee
Corporate Bonds & Securitization Advisory Committee

text: Major achievements[edit]

text: SEBI has enjoyed success as a regulator by pushing systematic reforms aggressively and successively. SEBI is credited for quick movement towards making the markets electronic and paperless by introducing T+5 rolling cycle from July 2001 and T+3 in April 2002 and further to T+2 in April 2003. The rolling cycle of T+2[8] means, Settlement is done in 2 days after Trade date.[9] SEBI has been active in setting up the regulations as required under law. SEBI did away with physical certificates that were prone to postal delays, theft and forgery, apart from making the settlement process slow and cumbersome by passing Depositories Act, 1996.[10]

text: SEBI has also been instrumental in taking quick and effective steps in light of the global meltdown and the Satyam fiasco.[citation needed] In October 2011, it increased the extent and quantity of disclosures to be made by Indian corporate promoters.[11] In light of the global meltdown, it liberalised the takeover code to facilitate investments by removing regulatory structures. In one such move, SEBI has increased the application limit for retail investors to ₹ 2 lakh, from ₹ 1 lakh at present.[12]

text: Controversies[edit]

text: Supreme Court of India heard a Public Interest Litigation (PIL) filed by India Rejuvenation Initiative that had challenged the procedure for key appointments adopted by Govt of India. The petition alleged that, "The constitution of the search-cum-selection committee for recommending the name of chairman and every whole-time members of SEBI for appointment has been altered, which directly impacted its balance and could compromise the role of the SEBI as a watchdog." [13][14] On 21 November 2011, the court allowed petitioners to withdraw the petition and file a fresh petition pointing out constitutional issues regarding appointments of regulators and their independence. The Chief Justice of India refused the finance ministry’s request to dismiss the PIL and said that the court was well aware of what was going on in SEBI.[13][15] Hearing a similar petition filed by Bengaluru-based advocate Anil Kumar Agarwal, a two judge Supreme Court bench of Justice SS Nijjar and Justice HL Gokhale issued a notice to the Govt of India, SEBI chief UK Sinha and Omita Paul, Secretary to the [President of India].[16][17]

text: Further, it came into light that Dr KM Abraham (the then whole time member of SEBI Board) had written to the Prime Minister about malaise in SEBI. He said, "The regulatory institution is under duress and under severe attack from powerful corporate interests operating concertedly to undermine SEBI". He specifically said that Finance Minister's office, and especially his advisor Omita Paul, were trying to influence many cases before SEBI, including those relating to Sahara Group, Reliance, Bank of Rajasthan and MCX.[18][19]...

text: SEBI and Regional Securities Exchanges[20][edit]

text: SEBI in its circular dated May 30, 2012 gave exit - guidelines for Securities exchanges. This was mainly due to illiquid nature of trade on many of 20+ regional Securities exchanges. It had asked many of these exchanges to either meet the required criteria or take a graceful exit. SEBI’s new norms for Securities exchanges mandates that it should have minimum net-worth of Rs.100 crore and an annual trading of Rs.1,000 crore. The Indian Securities market regulator SEBI had given the recognized Securities exchanges two years to comply or exit the business.

text: Process of De-recognition and Exit:[21][edit]

text: Following is an excerpts from the circular

text: 1.Exchanges may seek exit through voluntary surrender of recognition.

text: 2.Securities where the annual trading turnover on its own platform is less than Rs 1000 Crore can apply to SEBI for voluntary surrender of recognition and exit, at any time before the expiry of two years from the date of issuance of this Circular.

text: 3.If the Securities exchange is not able to achieve the prescribed turnover of Rs 1000 Crores on continuous basis or does not apply for voluntary surrender of recognition and exit before the expiry of two years from the date of this Circular, SEBI shall proceed with compulsory de-recognition and exit of such Securities exchanges, in terms of the conditions as may be specified by SEBI.

text: 4.Securities Exchanges which are already de-recognised as on date, shall make an application for exit within two months from the date of this circular. Upon failure to do so, the de-recognized exchange shall be subject to compulsory exit process.


document_title: List of Paris Saint-Germain F.C. records and statistics

question_text: how many times has psg won champions league

text: Honours[edit]

text: National titles[edit]

text:
Ligue 1

Winners (7): 1985–86, 1993–94, 2012–13, 2013–14, 2014–15, 2015–16, 2017–18

text:
Ligue 2

Winners (1): 1970–71

text:
Coupe de France

Winners (11) – Record: 1981–82, 1982–83, 1992–93, 1994–95, 1997–98, 2003–04, 2005–06, 2009–10, 2014–15, 2015–16, 2016–17

text:
Coupe de la Ligue

Winners (8) – Record: 1994–95, 1997–98, 2007–08, 2013–14, 2014–15, 2015–16, 2016–17, 2017–18

text:
Trophée des Champions

Winners (7): 1995, 1998, 2013, 2014, 2015, 2016, 2017

text: International titles[edit]

text:
UEFA Cup Winners' Cup

Winners (1): 1995–96

text:
UEFA Intertoto Cup

Winners (1): 2001

text: Competitive record[edit]

text:
Competition
T
S
Pld
W
D
L
Win %
GF
GA
GD

National

Ligue 1
6
44
1652
747
452
453
45.22
2468
1801
667 !+667

Ligue 2
1
2
68
38
18
12
55.88
133
73
60 !+60

Division 3
0
1
30
17
8
5
56.67
67
27
40 !+40

Coupe de France
11
47
220
152
27
41
69.09
437
195
242 !+242

Coupe de la Ligue
7
23
66
47
5
14
71.21
122
59
63 !+63

Trophée des Champions
7
11
11
6
4
1
54.55
17
8
9 !+9

Total
32
128
2047
1007
514
526
49.19
3244
2163
1081 !+1081

International

UEFA Champions League
0
10
88
46
19
23
52.27
158
103
55 !+55

UEFA Europa League
0
9
72
32
24
16
44.44
106
62
44 !+44

UEFA Super Cup
0
1
2
0
0
2
00.00
2
9
−7 !−7

UEFA Cup Winners' Cup
1
6
38
24
6
8
63.16
66
27
39 !+39

UEFA Intertoto Cup
1
1
8
5
3
0
62.50
20
3
17 !+17

Total
2
27
208
107
52
49
51.44
352
204
148 !+148

Overall total
34
155
2255
1114
566
575
49.40
3596
2367
1229 !+1229

text: Club[edit]

text: Matches[edit]

text:
All-time record win: 0–10 (away to Côte Chaude, Coupe de France, 22 January 1994).[19]
All-time record defeat: 6–0 (away to Nantes, Ligue 1, 1 September 1971).[19]
Record win in Ligue 1: 0–9 (away to Troyes, 13 March 2016).[8]
Record defeat in Ligue 1: 6–0 (away to Nantes, 1 September 1971).[8]
Record win in UEFA competitions: 7–1.[20]

(home to Gent, UEFA Intertoto Cup, 1 August 2001).
(home to Celtic, UEFA Champions League, 22 November 2017).

Record defeat in UEFA competitions: 6–1.[20]

(home to Juventus, UEFA Super Cup, 15 January 1997).
(away to Barcelona, UEFA Champions League, 8 March 2017).

Record win in national cups: 0–10 (away to Côte Chaude, Coupe de France, 22 January 1994).[19]
Record defeat in national cups: 0–5 (home to Stade de Reims, Coupe de France, 4 May 1974).[19]
Record win at the Parc des Princes: 8–0 (home to Dijon, Ligue 1, 17 January 2018).[19]
Record defeat at the Parc des Princes: 1–6 (home to Juventus, UEFA Super Cup, 15 January 1997).[19]

text: Streaks[edit]

text:
Longest winning run in all competitions: 16 matches.[19]
Longest winning run in Ligue 1: 9 matches.[19]
Longest winning run in UEFA competitions: 8 matches.[19]
Longest winning run in national cups: 44 matches (ongoing).[19]
Longest winning run in Coupe de France: 22 matches (ongoing) (National Record).[19]
Longest winning run in Coupe de la Ligue: 20 matches (ongoing).[19]
Longest winning home run in all competitions: 17 matches.[19]
Longest unbeaten run in all competitions: 37 matches.[19]
Longest unbeaten run in Ligue 1: 36 matches.[19]
Longest unbeaten run in UEFA competitions: 19 matches.[19]
Longest unbeaten home run in all competitions: 51 matches.[19]
Longest unbeaten home run in Ligue 1: 40 matches (ongoing).[19]
Longest unbeaten home run in UEFA competitions: 33 matches.[19]

text: Seasons[edit]

text:
Most matches played in all competitions: 61 in 1994–95.[19]
Most goals scored in all competitions: 143 in 2015–16.[19]
Most goals scored in Ligue 1: 102 in 2015–16.[8]
Most goals scored in UEFA competitions: 25 in 2013–14 and 2017–18.[19]
Most goals scored in a UEFA Champions League group stage: 25 in 2017–18 (UCL Record).[21]
Fewest goals conceded in all competitions: 28 in 1993–94.[19]
Fewest goals conceded in Ligue 1: 19 in 2015–16 (National Record).[8]
Fewest goals conceded in UEFA competitions: 2 in 2002–03.[19]
Fewest goals conceded in a UEFA Champions League group stage: 1 in 2015–16 (UCL Record).[21]
Most wins in all competitions: 47 in 2015–16.[19]
Most points in Ligue 1: 96 in 2015–16 (National Record).[8]

text: Opponents[edit]

text:
All-time most played opponent: Bordeaux – 102 matches.[19]
Most played opponent in Ligue 1: Bordeaux – 87 matches.[19]
Most played opponent in UEFA competitions: Barcelona – 11 matches.[19]
All-time most wins: Sochaux – 44.[19]
Most wins in Ligue 1: Sochaux – 41.[19]
Most wins in UEFA competitions: Bayern Munich – 5.[19]
All-time most defeats: Monaco – 44.[19]
Most defeats in Ligue 1: Monaco – 41.[19]
Most defeats in UEFA competitions: Juventus – 6.[19]

text: Attendances[edit]

text:
Highest home attendance: 49,575 (vs. Waterschei, UEFA Cup Winners' Cup, 13 March 1983).[22]
Lowest home attendance: 2,006 (vs. Mantes, Ligue 2, 25 April 1974).[23]
Highest average home attendance: 46,159 in 2015–16.[24]
Lowest average home attendance: 679 in 1972–73.[25]

text: Players[edit]

text: Appearances[edit]

text:
All-time record appearance maker: 435 – Jean-Marc Pilorget.[26]
Most appearances in Ligue 1: 371 – Jean-Marc Pilorget.[26]
Most appearances in Coupe de la Ligue: 19 – Sylvain Armand.[27]
Most appearances in UEFA competitions: 57 – Paul Le Guen.[20]
Youngest player: Didier Domi – 16 years and 9 months.[26]
Oldest player: David Beckham – 38 years.[26]

text: Record appearance makers[edit]

text:
Rank
Player
Appearances

1
 Jean-Marc Pilorget
435

2
 Sylvain Armand
380

3
 Safet Sušić
344

4
 Paul Le Guen
344

5
 Bernard Lama
318

6
 Mustapha Dahleb
310

7
 Blaise Matuidi
295

8
 Éric Renaut
290

9
 Joël Bats
285

10
 Dominique Baratelli
281

text: Goalscorers[edit]

text:
All-time top scorer: 165 – Edinson Cavani.[26]
Most goals in Ligue 1: 113 – Zlatan Ibrahimović & Edinson Cavani.[26]
Most goals in the Coupe de France: 28 – François M'Pelé.[28]
Most goals in the Coupe de la Ligue: 12 – Edinson Cavani.[29]
Most goals in UEFA competitions: 27 – Edinson Cavani.[20]
UEFA Champions League Top Goalscorer: George Weah – 8 goals in 1994–95.[15]
Most goals in a season (all official competitions): 50 – Zlatan Ibrahimović in 2015–16 (National Record).[26]
Most goals in a Ligue 1 season: 38 – Zlatan Ibrahimović in 2015–16.[26]
Most away goals in a Ligue 1 season: 19 – Edinson Cavani in 2016–17 (National Record).[30]
Most goals in a season (UEFA competitions): 10 – Zlatan Ibrahimović in 2013–14.[26]
Most goals in a match: 4.[26]

Éric Renaut (vs. Rouen B, Division 3, 18 February 1973).
Mustapha Dahleb (vs. RC Fontainebleau, Coupe de France, 13 February 1977).
Carlos Bianchi (vs. Troyes, Ligue 1, 14 October 1977).
Patrice Loko (vs. Nice, Ligue 1, 27 April 1997).
Christian (vs. Strasbourg, Ligue 1, 26 January 2000).
Zlatan Ibrahimović (vs. Anderlecht, UEFA Champions League, 23 October 2013).
Zlatan Ibrahimović (vs. Troyes, Ligue 1, 13 March 2016).
Edinson Cavani (vs. Caen, Ligue 1, 16 September 2016).
Neymar (vs. Dijon, Ligue 1, 17 January 2018).

text: Top scorers[edit]

text:
Rank
Player
Goals

1
 Edinson Cavani
166

2
 Zlatan Ibrahimović
156

3
 Pauleta
109

4
 Dominique Rocheteau
100

5
 Mustapha Dahleb
98

6
 François M'Pelé
95

7
 Safet Sušić
85

8
 Raí
72

9
 Carlos Bianchi
71

10
 Guillaume Hoarau
56

text: Assists[edit]

text:
All-time assist leader: 95 – Safet Sušić.[26]
Most assists in Ligue 1: 61 – Safet Sušić.[26]
Most assists in a match: 5 – Safet Sušić (vs. Bastia, Ligue 1, 21 September 1984).[26]
Most assists in a Ligue 1 season: 18 – Ángel Di María in 2015–16 (National Record).[26]
UEFA Champions League Assist Leader: Zlatan Ibrahimović – 7 assists in 2012–13.[31]

text: Assists leaders[edit]

text:
Rank
Player
Assists

1
 Safet Sušić
95

2
 Mustapha Dahleb
80

3
 Zlatan Ibrahimović
53

4
 Jérôme Rothen
52

5
 Ángel Di María
52

6
 Javier Pastore
52

7
 Lucas Moura
45

8
 Dominique Rocheteau
42

9
 Valdo
40

10
 Paul Le Guen
39

text: Captains[edit]

text: Longest-serving captain: Dominique Bathenay from 1979 to 1985.[13]

text:
No.
Player
Captaincy

1
 Jean Djorkaeff
1970–1972

2
 Jean-Pierre Dogliani
1973–1976

3
 Dominique Bathenay
1979–1985

4
 Luis Fernández
1985–1986

5
 Jean-Marc Pilorget
1986–1987

6
 Fabrice Poullain
1987–1988

7
 Oumar Sène
1988–1990

8
 Safet Sušić
1990–1991

9
 Paul Le Guen
1991–1994

10
 David Ginola
1994

11
 Alain Roche
1994–1996

12
 Raí
1996–1998

No.
Player
Captaincy

13
 Marco Simone
1998–1999

14
 Bernard Lama
1999–2000

15
 Éric Rabésandratana
2000

16
 Frédéric Déhu
2001–2003

17
 Mauricio Pochettino
2003–2004

18
 José-Karl Pierre-Fanfan
2004–2005

19
 Pauleta
2005–2008

20
 Claude Makélélé
2008–2011

21
 Mamadou Sakho
2011–2012

22
 Christophe Jallet
2012

23
 Thiago Silva
2012–

text: Most armbands[edit]

text: Most armbands (matches as captain): 221 – Thiago Silva.[13]

text:
Rank
Player
Armbands

1
 Thiago Silva
221

2
 Dominique Bathenay
220

3
 Pauleta
114

4
 Claude Makélélé
113

5
 Frédéric Déhu
106

text: Transfers[edit]

text: Highest transfer fees paid[edit]

text:
Rank
Player
Year
Moving from
Fee
Source

1
 Neymar
2017
 Barcelona
€222m
(World Record)
[14]

2
 Edinson Cavani
2013
 Napoli
€64.5m
[34]

3
 Ángel Di María
2015
 Manchester United
€63m
[35]

4
 David Luiz
2014
 Chelsea
€49.5m
[36]

5
 Thiago Silva
2012
 A.C. Milan
€42m
[37]

 Javier Pastore
2011
 Palermo
€42m
[38]

text: Highest transfer fees received[edit]

text:
Rank
Player
Year
Moving to
Fee
Source

1
 David Luiz
2016
 Chelsea
€38.5m
[39]

2
 Ronaldinho
2003
 Barcelona
€32.2m
[40]

3
 Lucas Moura
2018
 Tottenham
€28m
[41]

4
 Serge Aurier
2017
 Tottenham
€25m
[42]

5
 Blaise Matuidi
2017
 Juventus
€20m
[43]

text: Award winners[edit]

text:
Ballon d'Or (1)

 George Weah – 1995.[15]

FIFA World Player of the Year (1)

 George Weah – 1995.[15]

Golden Boy (1)

 Kylian Mbappé – 2017.[44]

Ligue 1 Player of the Season (7) [45]

 David Ginola in 1993–94.
 Vincent Guérin in 1994–95.
 Marco Simone in 1997–98.
 Zlatan Ibrahimović (3) in 2012–13, 2013–14, 2015–16.
 Edinson Cavani in 2016–17.

Ligue 1 Goalkeeper of the Season (2) [45]

 Salvatore Sirigu (2) in 2012–13, 2013–14.

Ligue 1 Young Player of the Season (2) [45]

 Mamadou Sakho in 2010–11.
 Marco Verratti in 2013–14.

Ligue 1 Goal of the Season (2) [45]

 Ronaldinho in 2002–03.
 Zlatan Ibrahimović in 2013–14.

Ligue 1 Golden Boot (8) [46]

 Carlos Bianchi (2) in 1977–78, 1978–79.
 Pauleta (2) in 2005–06, 2006–07.
 Zlatan Ibrahimović (3) in 2012–13, 2013–14, 2015–16.
 Edinson Cavani in 2016–17.

text: Club officials[edit]

text: Presidents[edit]

text:
Longest-serving president: Francis Borelli (1978–1991).[16]
Most titles won: 18 – Nasser Al-Khelaifi.[16]

text: Managers[edit]

text:
Longest-serving manager: Georges Peyroche (1979–1983).[47]
Most matches: 244 – Luis Fernández.[48]
Most titles won: 11 – Laurent Blanc.[17]
Ligue 1 Manager of the Season (3) [45]

 Carlo Ancelotti in 2012–13.
 Laurent Blanc (2) in 2014–15, 2015–16.


document_title: List of actors who played Santa Claus

question_text: who played santa in the santa clause movies

text: List of actors who played Santa Claus

text: This is a list of actors who have played Santa Claus in film and on television, including voice acting roles. This does not count actors whose characters have dressed as Santa Claus.

text:
Actor
Film/TV
Date

Tim Allen
The Santa Clause
1994

The Santa Clause 2
2002

The Santa Clause 3: The Escape Clause
2006

Ed Asner
The Story of Santa Claus (voice)
1996

Elf
2003

Christmas on the Bayou
2013

Elf: Buddy's Musical Christmas (voice)
2014 animated TV special

Fred Astaire
The Man in the Santa Claus Suit
1979 TV-Movie

Richard Attenborough
Miracle on 34th Street
1994

Steve Bacic
Deck the Halls
2005

Alec Baldwin (voice)
Rise of the Guardians
2012 film

Don Beddoe
Bewitched, episode Humbug Not to Be Spoken Here
Season 4, 1967

Michael Bell (voice)
The Powerpuff Girls: 'Twas the Fight Before Christmas
Direct-to-video, 2002

Brian Blessed
The Amazing World of Gumball, episode Christmas (voice)
Season 2, 2012

Sooty, episode Pranks and Presents
Season 2, 2013

Danger Mouse, episode The Snowman Cometh (voice)
Season 1, 2015

Lloyd Bridges
In the Nick of Time
1991

Beau Bridges
The Christmas Secret
2009 TV-Movie

George Buza
A Christmas Horror Story
2015

Isaac Hayes
The Pullmans
1993

Jim Broadbent (voice)
Arthur Christmas
2011

Sebastian Cabot
Miracle on 34th Street
1973

John Call
Santa Claus Conquers the Martians
1964 film

Douglas Campbell
Once Upon a Christmas
2000

Art Carney
The Night They Saved Christmas
1984

Twilight Zone episode "Night of the Meek"
1960

Oliver Clark
Ernest Saves Christmas
1988; he starts out as a local actor named Joe Carruthers, but ultimately becomes the new Santa Claus, replacing Douglas Seale's.

Tim Conway (voice)
Saving Santa
Direct-to-video, 2013

James Cosmo
The Chronicles of Narnia: The Lion, the Witch and the Wardrobe
2005

The Santa Incident – 2010

Bryan Cranston
The Santa Claus Brothers
2001

Hume Cronyn
Santa and Pete
1999 TV-Movie

Peter Cullen (voice)
Christmas Comes to Pac-Land
1982

Andy Devine
Batman, episode The Duo is Slumming
season 2, 1966

Charles Durning
Elmo Saves Christmas
1996

Mr. St. Nick
2002

James Earl Jones
Recess Christmas: Miracle on Third Street
2001

Stan Francis (voice)
Rudolph the Red-Nosed Reindeer

Paul Frees (voice)
Rudolph's Shiny New Year
1976

Frosty the Snowman
1969

Paul Giamatti
Fred Claus

Bill Goldberg
Santa's Slay
2005

John Goodman
The Year Without a Santa Claus
2006

Rudolph the Red-Nosed Reindeer: The Movie
1998

Futurama
1999

It's a Spongebob Christmas!
2012

Keith Wickham
Thomas & Friends
eighteenth-season episode, Last Train For Christmas

A. Cameron Grant
I Love Lucy Christmas Show
1956

Richard Griffiths
A Muppets Christmas: Letters to Santa
2008

Michael Gross
Becoming Santa
2015 TV-Movie

Steve Guttenberg plays Santa's son, Nick
Single Santa Seeks Mrs. Claus
2004 who then takes over the job from his father on Meet the Santas, 2005

Edmund Gwenn
Miracle on 34th Street
1947 film

Alan Hale, Jr.
Gilligan's Island, episode Birds Gotta Fly, Fish Gotta Talk
Season 1, 1964

Tom Hanks (voice)
The Polar Express
2004

Nigel Hawthorne
Call Me Claus
2001

Bob Holt (voice)
The Bear Who Slept Through Christmas
1973

William Hootkins
Like Father, Like Santa
1998

David Huddleston
Santa Claus: The Movie
1985

Edward Ivory (voice)
The Nightmare Before Christmas,
1993

Peeter Jakobi
Rare Exports: A Christmas Tale
2010

Kevin James
Elmo's Christmas Countdown
2007 Christmas television special

Bob Dorough
The Clarks
1991

Bob Joles (voice)
Uncle Grandpa episode Christmas Special
2014

Cecil Kellaway
Bewitched, Episode "A Vision of Sugar Plums"
Season 1, 1964

Bill Lewis
Defending Christmas
television film, 1993

Sal Lizard
The Box
2009

Dakin Matthews
The Big Bang Theory, episode "The Santa Simulation"
Season 6, 2012

Chuck McCann
A Very Retail Christmas
1990

Bruce McGill (voice)
Family Guy, episode Road to the North Pole
Season 9, 2010

Mark Mitchell
The Munsters' Scary Little Christmas
television film, 1996.

Jose Elias Moreno
Santa Claus
1959

Ferdinard Munier
Babes in Toyland
1934

Road to Utopia
1946

Leslie Nielsen
All I Want For Christmas and Santa Who?
2000

Mairtin O'Carrigan
Mistletoe Over Manhattan –
2011 TV-Movie

Dick O'Neill
"Reality Bites" The Fresh Prince of Bel-Air
Season 5, 1994

Austin Pendleton
Christmas with the Kranks
2004

Richard Riehle
The Hebrew Hammer
2003

The Search for Santa Paws
2010

A Very Harold & Kumar 3D Christmas
2011

Mickey Rooney (voice)
Santa Claus Is Comin' to Town
1970

The Year Without a Santa Claus
1974

A Miser Brothers' Christmas
2008

Jan Rubeš
One Magic Christmas
1985

Will Sasso
Finding Mrs. Claus
2002 TV-Movie

Douglas Seale
"Santa '85" Amazing Stories
Season 1, 1985

Ernest Saves Christmas
(1988); in the latter, his mortal name is "Seth Applegate".

William Shatner (voice)
Eek! The Cat, episode "It's a Very Merry Eek's Mas"
Season 2, 1993

Gotta Catch Santa Claus
2008 Christmas television special

Peter Shukoff
Epic Rap Battles of History, episode "Moses vs. Santa Claus"
Season 2, 2012

Hal Smith (voice)
The Flintstones, episode Christmas Flintstone
Season 5, 1964

A Flintstone Christmas
1977 Christmas television special (live action)

The Brady Bunch
Season 1, 1969

Santa and the Three Bears

Paul Sorvino
Santa Baby 2
2009

Jim Staahl (voice)
Grandma Got Run Over by a Reindeer
2001

Fred Tatasciore (voice)
Scooby Doo! Haunted Holidays
Direct-to-DVD, 2012

Ricky Tomlinson (voice)
Robbie the Reindeer: Hooves of Fire
1999

Dick Van Patten
The Santa Trap
television film, 2002

Robert Wagner
Northpole
2014 TV-Movie

Phil Pierce
A Bad Moms Christmas
2017

Frank Welker (voice)
A Chipmunk Christmas
1981

George Wendt
Santa Baby
2006

George Wendt Santa Buddies (voice)
2009

John Wheeler
Single Santa Seeks Mrs. Claus
2004

Meet The Santas
2005

Step by Step episode "Too Many Santas"
season 7, 1997