document_title: History of Nintendo

question_text: what was the first video game for nintendo

question_tokens: what was the first video game for nintendo

text: History of Nintendo

text: Origin[edit]

text: Nintendo started out as a small Japanese company, founded by Fusajiro Yamauchi on September 23, 1889,[2] as Nintendo Koppai. Based in Kyoto, Japan, the business produced and marketed Hanafuda cards. The name "Nintendo" is commonly assumed to mean "leave luck to heaven", but there are no historical records to validate this assumption.[3] The cards, which were all handmade, soon began to gain in popularity, and Yamauchi had to hire assistants to mass-produce cards to keep up with the demand.

text: Fusajiro Yamauchi did not have a son to take over the family business. Following common Japanese tradition, he adopted his son-in-law, Sekiryo Yamauchi, (after the wife). In 1929, Yamauchi retired from the company and allowed Sekiryo Yamauchi to take over the company as president. In 1933, Sekiryo Yamauchi established a joint venture with another company and renamed the company Yamauchi Nintendo & Co.

text: In 1947, Sekiryo established a distribution company, Marufuku Co., Ltd.,[4] to distribute the Hanafuda cards, as well as several other brands of cards that had been introduced by Nintendo. Sekiryo Yamauchi also had only daughters, so again his son-in-law (Shikanojo Inaba, renamed Shikanojo Yamauchi) was adopted into the family. Shikanojo never became president because he abandoned his family. Subsequently, his son Hiroshi was brought up by his grandparents. He later took over the company instead of his father.

text: 1889–1965: As a card company[edit]

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text: In 1949, Hiroshi Yamauchi was attending Waseda University in Tokyo, however, after his grandfather died he left to take office as the president of Nintendo.[5] In 1951, he renamed "Marufuku Co. Ltd." to "Nintendo Playing Card Co., Ltd."[6][7] In 1953, Nintendo became the first company in Japan to produce playing cards from plastic.[8]

text: In 1956, Yamauchi visited the U.S., to engage in talks with the United States Playing Card Company, the dominant playing card manufacturer in the United States. He was shocked to find that the world's biggest company in his business was relegated to using a small office. This was a turning point for Yamauchi, who then realized the limitations of the playing card business.

text: In 1959, Nintendo struck a deal with Disney to allow the use Disney's characters on Nintendo's playing cards.[6] Previously, Western playing cards were regarded as something similar to hanafuda and mahjong: a device for gambling. By tying playing cards to Disney and selling books explaining the different games one could play with the cards, Nintendo could sell the product to Japanese households. The tie-in was a success and the company sold at least 600,000 card packs in a single year. Due to this success, in 1962, Yamauchi took Nintendo public, listing the company in Osaka Stock Exchange Second division.[7]

text: Following the aforementioned success, in 1963 Nintendo Playing Card Co., Ltd. was renamed to Nintendo by Yamauchi.[7] Nintendo now began to experiment in other areas of business using the newly injected capital. During the period of time between 1963 and 1968, Nintendo set up a taxi company, "love hotel" chain, food company (trying to sell instant rice, similar to instant noodles) and several other things[9] (including a vacuum cleaner, Chiritory, which later appeared as a two-player game in WarioWare, Inc.: Mega Microgame$ in 2003). All these ventures eventually failed, except toymaking, where they had some earlier experience from selling playing cards.[10] In 1964, while Japan was experiencing an economic boom due to the Tokyo Olympics, the playing card business reached its saturation point. Japanese households stopped buying playing cards, and the price of Nintendo stock fell from 900 yen to 60 yen.[citation needed]

text: In 1965, Nintendo hired Gunpei Yokoi as a maintenance engineer for the assembly line. However, Yokoi soon became famous for much more than his ability to repair conveyor belts.[11]

text: 1966–1972: Toy company and new ventures[edit]

text: Nintendo struggled to survive in the Japanese toy industry; it was still small at this point, and dominated by already well-established companies such as Bandai and Tomy. Because of the generally short product life cycle of toys, the company always had to come up with new products. This was the beginning of a major new era for Nintendo.

text: In 1966, Yamauchi was observing a hanafuda factory. He noticed an extending arm, which was made by one of their maintenance engineers, Gunpei Yokoi, for his own amusement. Yamauchi ordered Yokoi to develop it as a proper product for the Christmas rush. Released as the "Ultra Hand", it would become one of Nintendo's earliest toy blockbusters, selling over a million units. Seeing that Yokoi had promise, Yamauchi pulled him off assembly line work. Yokoi was soon moved from maintenance duty to product development.

text: Due to his electrical engineering background, it soon become apparent that Yokoi was quite adept at developing electronic toys. These devices had a much higher novelty value than traditional toys, allowing Nintendo to charge a higher price margin for each product. Yokoi went on to develop many other toys, including the Ten Billion Barrel puzzle, a baseball throwing machine called the Ultra Machine, and a Love Tester. Another invention of his, in collaboration with Masayuki Uemura from Sharp, was the Nintendo Beam Gun Game, the precursor to the NES Zapper (which was used in games like Duck Hunt.).

text: Nintendo released the first solar-powered light gun, the Nintendo Beam Gun,[12] in 1970; this was the first commercially available light-gun for home use, produced in partnership with Sharp.[13]

text: In 1972, Nintendo released the Ele-Conga, one of the first programmable drum machines. It could play pre-programmed rhythms from disc-shaped punch cards, which could be altered or programmed by the user, to play different patterns.[14]

text: 1972–present: Electronic games[edit]

text: In 1972, the first commercially available video game console, the Magnavox Odyssey, had a light gun accessory, the Shooting Gallery.[15] This was the first involvement of Nintendo in video games. According to Martin Picard in the International Journal of Computer Game Research: "in 1971, Nintendo had -- even before the marketing of the first home console in the United States -- an alliance with the American pioneer Magnavox to develop and produce optoelectronic guns for the Odyssey (released in 1972), since it was similar to what Nintendo was able to offer in the Japanese toy market in 1970s".[16]

text: In 1973, its focus shifted to family entertainment venues with the Laser Clay Shooting System,[17] using the same light gun technology used in Nintendo's Kousenjuu series of toys, and set up in abandoned bowling alleys. Following some success, Nintendo developed several more light gun machines for the emerging arcade scene. While the Laser Clay Shooting System ranges had to be shut down following excessive costs, Nintendo had found a new market.

text: In 1974, Nintendo secured the rights to distribute the Magnavox Odyssey video game console in Japan.

text: Color TV-Game 6[edit]

text: Nintendo at this time saw how successful video games were and began to dabble in them. Their first step in that field was to secure the rights to distribute the Magnavox Odyssey in Japan in 1975. At the time, home video game consoles were extremely rare—even the seminal Atari Pong console had yet to be produced. After experiencing reasonable success at this, Nintendo began developing its own video games, both for home and for arcades. In the 1970s, Mitsubishi Electric proposed joint development of "Color TV Game Machine". In 1977, they released "Color TV Game 6" and "Color TV Game 15" (6 and 15 indicates the number of games).[7]

text: Their first video arcade game was 1975's EVR Race;[18] a handful of others followed in the next several years, Radar Scope and Donkey Kong being among the most famous of these. The early 1980s saw Nintendo's video game division (led by Yokoi) creating some of its most famous arcade titles. The massively popular Donkey Kong was created in 1981, with Shigeru Miyamoto as its mastermind, and released in the arcades and on the Atari 2600, Intellivision, and ColecoVision video game systems (although Nintendo themselves generally had no involvement with these early console ports). This release method would be used on several later Nintendo arcade games of this same period, including the original Mario Bros. (not to be confused with the later Super Mario Bros.) In addition to this arcade and dedicated console game activity, Nintendo was testing the consumer handheld video game waters with the Game & Watch.

text: Game & Watch and Nintendo Entertainment System[edit]

text: Game & Watch or G&W is a line of handheld electronic games produced by Nintendo from 1980 to 1991. Created by game designer Gunpei Yokoi, each Game & Watch features a single game to be played on an LCD screen in addition to a clock and/or an alarm. It was the earliest Nintendo product to garner major success, with 43.4 million units sold worldwide.

text: In 1982, Nintendo developed a prototype system dubbed the "Advanced Video System" (or AVS for short) and had controllers much like the NES. There were accessories such as a tape drive, a joystick and a lightgun, and along with all of that, the system was made of a computer, much like the Atari 400, Commodore Vic-20 and Commodore 64. It was never released and is on display at the Nintendo World Store in New York. In July 1983, Nintendo released the Famicom (Family Computer) system in Japan, which was its first attempt at a cartridge-based video game console. The system sold over 500,000 units within two months at a price around $100 USD. However, after a few months of favorable sales, Nintendo received complaints that some Famicom consoles would freeze when the player attempted to play certain games. The fault was found in a malfunctioning chip and Nintendo decided to recall all Famicom units that were currently on store shelves, which ultimately cost them approximately half a million USD[citation needed].

text: During this period, Nintendo rekindled their desire to release the Famicom (Or Nintendo Entertainment System) in the US. Since the company had very little experience with the US market, they had previously attempted to contract with Atari for the system's distribution in 1983. However, a fiasco involving Coleco and Donkey Kong soured the relationship between the two during the negotiations, and Atari refused to back Nintendo's console.

text: In 1983-1985, a large scale recession in video game sales hit the market which amounted to a 97% decrease primarily in the North American area. The recession known as the "video game crash of 1983" was caused by a few main factors including the flooding of the console market, competition of home computers, inflation, and loss of publishing control. The video game crash of 1983 soon took out not only Atari, but the vast majority of the American market itself. Over time, dominance in the market shifted from America to Japan. Nintendo began exporting to America and had virtually only one major competitor in the market, Sega, which was another Japanese company.

text: Nintendo was determined not to make the same mistakes in the US that Atari had. Because of massive influxes of games that were regarded as some of the worst ever created, gaming had almost completely died out in America. Nintendo decided that to avoid facing the same problems, they would only allow games that received their "Seal of Quality" to be sold for the Famicom.

text: In 1985, Nintendo announced that they were releasing the Famicom worldwide with a different design under the name the Nintendo Entertainment System (NES). They used a creative tactic to counter the bad view that the media was giving on video games, and released the NES with R.O.B. units that connected to the console and were synchronised to the games. To ensure the localization of the highest-quality games by third-party developers, Nintendo of America limited the number of game titles third-party developers could release in a single year to five. Konami, the first third-party company that was allowed to make cartridges for the Famicom, would later circumvent this rule by creating a spinoff company, Ultra Games, to release additional games in a single year. Other manufacturers soon employed the same tactic. Also in 1985, Super Mario Bros. was released for the Famicom in Japan and became a large success.

text: Nintendo test marketed the Nintendo Entertainment System in the New York area on October 18, 1985. They expanded the test to Los Angeles in February 1986, followed by tests in Chicago and San Francisco. They would go national by the end of 1986, along with 15 games, sold separately. In the US and Canada, it outsold its competitors by a wide margin. This was also the year that Metroid and Super Mario Bros. 2 (the Japanese version) were released. In 1987, The Legend of Zelda was released to much critical acclaim.

text: In 1988, Nintendo of America unveiled Nintendo Power, a monthly news and strategy magazine from Nintendo that served to advertise new games. The first issue published was the July/August edition, which spotlighted the NES game Super Mario Bros. 2. Nintendo Power has since ceased publication with its December 2012 edition.[19]

text: Game Boy and Super NES[edit]

text: In 1989, Nintendo (which had seen a large amount of success from the Game & Watch) released the Game Boy (both created by Gunpei Yokoi), along with the accompanying game Tetris. Due to the price, the game and its durability (unlike the prior Microvision from Milton Bradley Company, which was prone to static and screen rot), the Game Boy line sold extremely well, eventually amassing sales of 118 million units.[20] Later, Super Mario Land was also released for the Game Boy, which sold 14 million copies worldwide. 1989 was also the year that Nintendo announced a sequel to the Famicom, to be called the Super Famicom.[21]

text: The last major first-party game for the NES, Super Mario Bros. 3, was released in early 1990, and went on to sell over 18 million units.[22] It was followed by a licensed television adaption named The Super Mario Bros. Super Show!, which was released by DIC Entertainment and Viacom Enterprises in that year to capitalise on the game's immense popularity.

text: The Super Famicom was released in Japan on November 21, 1990. The system's launch was widely successful, and the Super Famicom was sold out across Japan within three days, selling 1.6 million units by June 1991.[23] In August 1991, the Super Famicom was launched in the US under the name "Super Nintendo Entertainment System" (SNES), followed by Europe in 1992.[24]

text: The Super Nintendo Entertainment System followed in the steps of its predecessor, with high technical specifications for its era. The controller of the SNES had also improved over that of the NES, as it now had rounded edges and four new buttons, a standard which is evident on many modern controllers today.

text: Nintendo had also begun development on a CD-ROM attachment for the SNES/Super Famicom. Their first partner in this project was Sony, whom Nintendo had worked with before to provide the SNES with its SPC sound chip. Development on the Nintendo PlayStation CD-ROM add-on and SNES/SFC standalone hybrid console began. However, at the last minute Nintendo decided to pull out of the partnership and instead go with Philips, and while no CD-ROM add-on was produced, several Nintendo properties (namely The Legend of Zelda) appeared on the Philips CD-i media console. Upon learning this, Sony decided to continue developing the technology they had into the PlayStation. The exact reason Nintendo left its partnership with Sony has been the subject of speculation over the years, but the most common theory is that Sony either wanted too much of the profits for the machine or the rights to the CD-ROM attachment itself.

text: In Japan, the Super Famicom easily took control of the gaming market. In the US, due to a late start and an aggressive marketing campaign by Sega (Headed by the Sega Company's new mascot, Sonic The Hedgehog, their answer to Nintendo's Super Mario), Nintendo saw its market share take a precipitous plunge from 90-95% with the NES to a low of approximately 35% against the Sega Genesis. Over the course of several years, the SNES in North America eventually overtook the Genesis, thanks to franchise titles such as Super Mario World, The Legend of Zelda: A Link to the Past, Street Fighter II, and the Final Fantasy series. Total worldwide sales of the SNES reached 49.10 million units,[20] eclipsing the estimated 40 million unit sales of the Genesis.[25]

text: As the SNES battled the Sega Genesis, Nintendo was running into problems on another front caused by their own aggressive marketing behavior. In 1991, Nintendo agreed to a settlement regarding price-fixing allegations brought by the Federal Trade Commission and attorneys general in New York and Maryland. Nintendo had been accused of threatening to cut off shipments of the NES to retailers who discounted the price of the system. The estimated cost of the settlement was just under $30 million.[26]

text: In 1992, Gunpei Yokoi and the rest of R&D 1 began planning on a new virtual reality console to be called the Virtual Boy. Hiroshi Yamauchi also bought majority shares of the Seattle Mariners in 1992.[27] By May 1993, Nintendo had reportedly become one of the top ten leading companies in the world.[28]

text: In 1993, Nintendo announced plans to develop a new 64-bit console codenamed Project Reality that would be capable of rendering fully 3D environments and characters. In 1994, Nintendo also claimed that Project Reality would be renamed Ultra 64 in the US. The Ultra 64 moniker was unveiled in arcades on the Nintendo branded fighting game Killer Instinct and the racing game Cruisin' USA. Killer Instinct was later released on the SNES. Soon after, Nintendo realized they had mistakenly chosen a name for their new console that the Konami corporation owned the rights to. Specifically, only Konami would have the rights to release games for the new system called Ultra Football, Ultra Tennis, etc. Therefore, in 1995 Nintendo changed the final name of the system to the Nintendo 64, and announced that it would be released in 1996. They later showed previews of the system and several games, including Super Mario 64, to the media and public. 1995 is also the year that Nintendo purchased part of Rare.

text: In 1994, after many years of Nintendo's products being distributed in Australia by Mattel since the NES in 1985, Nintendo opened its Australian headquarters and its first Managing Directors were Graham Kerry, who moved along from Mattel Australia as Managing Director and Susumu Tanaka of Nintendo UK Ltd.

text: In 1995, Nintendo released the Virtual Boy in Japan. The console sold poorly, but Nintendo still said they had hope for it and continued to release several other games and attempted a release in the US, which was another disaster.

text: Also in 1995, Nintendo found themselves in a competitive situation. Competitor Sega introduced their 32-bit Saturn, while newcomer Sony introduced the 32-bit PlayStation. Sony's fierce marketing campaigns ensued, and it started to cut into Nintendo and Sega's market share.

text: Nintendo 64 and Game Boy Color[edit]

text: On June 23, 1996, the Nintendo 64 (N64) was released in Japan, selling over 500,000 units on the first day of its release.[17] On September 29, 1996, Nintendo released the Nintendo 64 in North America, selling out the initial shipment of 350,000.[17] Many feel that the advertising onslaught by Sony at this time did not truly begin to take effect until many of the consumers who held out for the N64 became frustrated at the lack of software following the first few months after the system's release. What also greatly contributed to the extremely competitive climate that Nintendo was entrenched in was the fact that many third-party companies immediately began developing and releasing many of their leading games for Nintendo's competing consoles. Many of those third party companies cited cheaper development and manufacturing costs for the CD format, versus the cartridge format. On December 1, 1999, Nintendo released an add-on to the Nintendo 64 in Japan, titled the Nintendo 64DD, although it was never released elsewhere.

text: Nintendo followed with the release of the Game Boy Pocket, a smaller version of the original Game Boy, designed by Gunpei Yokoi as a parting gift. A week after the release of the Game Boy Pocket, Gunpei resigned from his position at Nintendo. Gunpei helped in the creation of a competitor system named the WonderSwan, using the skills he gained in the creation of the Game Boy.

text: In 1996, Pocket Monsters (known internationally as "Pokémon") was released in Japan to a huge following. The Pokémon franchise, created by Satoshi Tajiri, was proving so popular in America, Europe, and Japan, that for a brief time, Nintendo took back their place as the supreme power in the games industry.

text: In 1997, Game Boy and Metroid creator Gunpei Yokoi died in a car accident at the age of 56.[11]

text: On October 13, 1998, the Game Boy Color was released in Japan, with releases in North America and Europe a month later.

text: Game Boy Advance and GameCube[edit]

text: Nintendo released the Game Boy Advance in Japan on March 21, 2001, followed by the North American launch on June 11 and the European launch on June 22.

text: Nintendo released the GameCube home video game console on September 14, 2001, in Japan. It was released in North America on November 18, 2001, Europe on May 3, 2002, and Australia on May 17, 2002.

text: In January 2002, Minoru Arakawa resigned as president of Nintendo of America, and Nintendo named Tatsumi Kimishima as his successor.[29]

text: In May 2002, Hiroshi Yamauchi stepped down as the president of Nintendo and named Satoru Iwata his successor.[30]

text: During the same year, Nintendo and Chinese-American scientist Dr Wei Yen co-founded iQue to manufacture and distribute official Nintendo consoles and games for the mainland Chinese market under the iQue brand.[31] Nintendo's aggressive business tactics in Europe would catch up to them. The European Commission determined that Nintendo had engaged in anticompetitive price-fixing business practices dating at least as far back as the early 1990s. This resulted in a heavy fine being laid against the company — €149 million, one of the largest antitrust fines applied in the history of the commission.[32]

text: Nintendo DS and Wii[edit]

text: In May 2004, Nintendo announced plans to release a new brand of handheld, unrelated to the Game Boy, featuring two screens, one of which was touch-sensitive. The Nintendo DS, released on November 21, 2004, received over three million pre-orders. In addition to the touch screen, the DS can also create three-dimensional graphics, similar to those of the Nintendo 64, although its lack of hardware support for texture filtering results in more pixelated graphics than on the Nintendo 64.

text: President Satoru Iwata reassigned all of Nintendo's software designers under new managers and different division; most of the resources were allocated to Shigeru Miyamoto and Takashi Tezuka and the Nintendo EAD division.

text: On May 14, 2005, Nintendo opened its first retail store accessible to the general public, Nintendo World Store, at the Rockefeller Center in New York City. It consists of two stories, and contains many kiosks of GameCube, Game Boy Advance, and Nintendo DS games. There are also display cases filled with things from Nintendo's past, including Hanafuda playing cards, Nintendo's first product. They celebrated the opening with a block party at Rockefeller Plaza.

text: At E3 in May 2005, Nintendo displayed the first prototype for their "next-generation" system, codenamed the Nintendo Revolution (now known as the Wii), its controller revealed at the Tokyo Game Show later that year.

text: On January 26, 2006, Nintendo announced a new version of their Nintendo DS handheld, the Nintendo DS Lite, designed to be smaller and lighter, with a brighter screen. It was launched in Japan on March 2, 2006, and three months later in North America and Europe on June 11 and June 23, 2006, respectively.

text: On May 25, 2006, Reggie Fils-Aimé was promoted to President and COO of Nintendo of America, Inc. The former President, Tatsumi Kimishima, was promoted to Chairman of the Board and CEO.[33]

text: On July 7, 2006, Nintendo officially established a South Korean subsidiary, Nintendo Korea, in the country's capital, Seoul, which replaced Daewon Media as the official distributor of Nintendo products in South Korea.[34]

text: In early August 2006, it was revealed that Nintendo, along with Microsoft, was made the target of a patent-infringement lawsuit. Leveled by the Anascape Ltd., the suit claimed that Nintendo's use of analog technology in their game controllers constitutes a violation of their patents. The lawsuit sought to recover damages from both corporations and possibly force them to stop selling controllers with the violating technology.[35] Microsoft settled with Anasacape, while Nintendo went to trial, initially losing and being ordered to pay US$21 million in damages.[36] Nintendo appealed, and on April 23, 2010 the Federal Circuit reversed the ruling.[37] In November 2010, Anascape's appeal to the Supreme Court of the United States was denied.[38]

text: In mid-September 2006, during press conferences held in Tokyo, New York, and London on 13, 14 and 15 September, respectively, Nintendo announced launch details for its Wii console, as well as demonstrated features of the "Wii Menu" GUI. The system was first released on November 19, 2006 in the US, followed by the Japanese launch on December 2, the Australian launch on December 6, and the European launch on December 8.[39]

text: The console sold fast and was a big breakthrough for Nintendo,[40] picking up the pace lost from their last console, the GameCube. The success of the Wii has been attributed to the intended market of the product; while at the time most competitors were focusing on more adult and fan-based games, Nintendo decided to release a console for a larger demographic, one including casual gamers, children and those who wouldn't ordinarily play video games. Since no other major gaming console was marketing for this image, these other companies were caught mostly unprepared by the success of the Wii system, and it wasn't until 2010 that Sony and Microsoft released consoles targeting the same demographic as the Wii.[41]

text: On September 17, 2007, Nintendo of America closed its official forums, the NSider Forums, indefinitely due to a major overhaul of their site. For months prior, cutbacks in Nintendo of America's online department led to the trimming back of NSider's chat hours and the replacement of their annual Camp Hyrule event — held during August — with a sweepstakes. In the meantime, Nintendo encouraged fans to run their own forums. Nintendo-Europe's forum section of their site was also officially closed down a week later due to a site revamp, however it had been offline citing "security issues" since June of that year. On December 19, 2007, Nintendo opened a forum for technical support only.

text: In October 2007, Nintendo announced Nintendo Australia's new Managing Director, Rose Lappin. She is Nintendo's first female head of one of its subsidiaries and worked for Nintendo before it started in Australia as Director of Sales and Marketing for Mattel and had that role until she was announced Managing Director.

text: On November 1, 2008, Nintendo released an updated version of the Nintendo DS Lite in Japan; the Nintendo DSi. It includes all features of the Nintendo DS Lite, but it includes a camera on the inside and outside of the system, and newer features. It is the first handheld game system manufactured by Nintendo that allows downloadable gaming content to the system. The Nintendo DSi was released April 2, 2009, in Australia and Asia, April 3, 2009, in Europe, and April 5, 2009, in North America.

text: Nintendo 3DS, Wii U, and Nintendo Switch[edit]

text: On February 26, 2011, the Nintendo 3DS was released in Japan. It was released on March 25 and 27 to Europe and the US, respectively. The 3DS was part of a large wave of 3D technologies being released at the time; unlike most of these, the 3DS did not use 3D glasses for its 3D effect, and instead used parallax barrier autostereoscopy.

text: On April 25, 2011, Nintendo confirmed that they were making a new console to be released in 2012.[42] On June 7, 2011, the console was announced as being named the Wii U. The Wii U is Nintendo's first console to be able to play video games in 1080p HD. During the Electronics Entertainment Expo in 2011, Nintendo's press conference put a great amount of stress on the abilities and innovations of the new controller, a unit resembling a tablet.

text: Many gamers were confused after the press conference about whether the Wii U is an entirely new system or just a new controller for the Wii. The Wii U was, however, a whole new home console system developed by Nintendo. The system was released on November 18, 2012 in North America, November 30, 2012 in Europe and Australia, and on December 8, 2012 in Japan.[43][44] It featured a new controller with a 6.2 inch touchscreen, two thumb pads, four shoulder buttons, a directional pad, and four lettered buttons. It also featured an accelerometer, gyroscope, camera, Near-field communications (NFC), and built-in microphone, similar those in the Nintendo 3DS.[45]

text: On July 11, 2015, Satoru Iwata died from a bile duct tumor at the age of 55. Following his death, Shigeru Miyamoto and Genyo Takeda jointly led the company on an interim basis until Tatsumi Kimishima's appointment as Iwata's successor on September 16, 2015.[46] In addition to the appointment, Miyamoto was named "Creative Fellow" while Takeda was named "Technology Fellow".[47]

text: In October 2016, Nintendo revealed a new system called the Nintendo Switch, which was released on March 3, 2017. It is a hybrid video game console with detachable controllers with an emphasize on portability and on the go multiplayer in contrast of the then competitors PlayStation 4 and Xbox One. In the year the Switch was released Nintendo put out The Legend of Zelda: Breath of the Wild and Super Mario Odyssey, both games with critical acclaim that helped sell millions of units in the first year of the new console, eventually culminating with the Legend of Zelda: Breath of the Wild being named Game of the Year 2017.[48]


document_title: List of Fairy Tail episodes (season 6)

question_text: when do the grand magic games start in fairy tail

root

text: List of Fairy Tail episodes (season 6)

text: Episode list[edit]

text:
No.
Official English title[a]
Original Japanese title
Original air date[b]
English air date[c]

151
"Sabertooth"
"Seibātūsu" (剣咬の虎 (セイバートゥース))
October 6, 2012
November 17, 2015

The Legion Platoon is tasked by Zentopia's archbishop to retrieve the missing pieces of the Infinity Clock and seal them again. Before embarking on their mission, they visit Fairy Tail and make amends with the guild for their previous hostility against them. It is later discovered that Fairy Tail has lost their title as the strongest guild in Fiore to the Saber Tooth guild over the past seven years. Two of the strongest wizards in the guild include a pair of Dragon Slayers named Sting and Rogue, who are obsessed with fighting Natsu and Gajeel, respectively. Meanwhile, Makarov brings Gildarts to their abandoned guildhall and shows him Lumen Histoire, a light that Makarov says is Fairy Tail's greatest secret. Makarov then tells Gildarts that he has been chosen to become the next master of Fairy Tail.

152
"And So We Aim for the Top"
"Soshite Ore-tachi wa Chōjō o Mezasu" (そしてオレたちは顶上を目指す)
October 13, 2012
November 24, 2015

Natsu and his friends discover that a power gap has developed between them and the rest of the guild members who were not on Tenrou Island. The group meets with Poluchka for medicine to strengthen their magic, but are unsuccessful. Wendy recognizes Poluchka's voice and scent as those of Grandine, the dragon who raised her. Poluchka reveals herself as the Edolas counterpart of Grandine, and gives Wendy written instructions for two advanced spells that Grandine failed to teach her. Meanwhile, Makarov announces Gildarts' succession as master to the rest of the guild, only to find he has gone on a journey, leaving a letter of resignation behind. In the letter, Gildarts reinstates Laxus into the guild, returns mastership to Makarov, and tells him to make Fairy Tail the strongest guild in Fiore again. Romeo suggests they participate in the Grand Magic Games, an annual festival designed to determine the guild rankings in Fiore.

153
"Song of the Stars"
"Hoshiboshi no Uta" (星々の歌)
October 20, 2012
December 1, 2015

With the Grand Magic Games occurring in three months time, Natsu and his friends train at a beach resort. On their second day of training, Virgo appears and tells the wizards that the Celestial Spirit World is in danger of destruction. When the wizards arrive, they instead find a surprise party held by the Celestial Spirit King celebrating their return from Sirius Island after seven years. They spend the day in the spirit world partying with the spirits. Before they leave, however, Virgo informs them that one day in the spirit world equals three months in the human world, and they find the Grand Magic Games are upon them.

154
"For All the Time We Missed Each Other"
"Surechigatta Jikan no Bun dake" (すれ违った时间の分だけ)
October 27, 2012
December 8, 2015

While mulling over their lost training time, the Fairy Tail wizards receive a message via carrier pigeon requesting a private meeting in the forest nearby. There they meet a runaway Jellal, Ultear, and Merudy, who have formed their own guild, Crime Sorcière, to defeat Zeref and any dark guilds that try to use his power. The three ask Fairy Tail for their help in determining the source of a magical anomaly similar to Zeref's magic that they have sensed around the Grand Magic Games arena, Domus Flau. In exchange, Ultear uses her magic to invoke their Second Origin in order to double their magic power. As the others undergo the painful process of awakening their Second Origin, Erza talks with Jellal over his regained memories. The two nearly kiss, but Jellal decides that he and Erza cannot be together and lies to her that he has a fiancée. Erza quickly picks up on this and respects his decision, seeing Crime Sorcière off as they leave.

155
"Crocus, the Flower-Blooming Capital"
"Hanasaku Miyako: Kurokkasu" (花笑く都・クロッカス)
November 3, 2012
December 15, 2015

Natsu, Lucy, Gray, Erza, and Wendy are chosen to represent their guild in the Grand Magic Games, which are to be held in Fiore's capital, Crocus. As they tour the city, Natsu and Happy encounter the twin dragon slayers, Sting and Rogue, who mock Natsu for not being able to kill Acnologia, and boast of becoming true dragon slayers by killing the dragons who raised them. At midnight, Fairy Tail and the other participating guilds are put through a preliminary event—a race through a massive floating labyrinth—designed to narrow the number of participating guilds down to eight teams.

156
"Sky Labyrinth"
"Sukai Rabirinsu" (空中迷宮 (スカイラビリンス))
November 10, 2012
December 22, 2015

Natsu's team notices that Wendy has gone missing, so Elfman replaces her to keep them from being eliminated. As they make their way through the enchanted labyrinth, the five encounter various other guilds and steal the maps made by the other guilds to better navigate the maze. They manage to reach the end of the maze and pass the elimination round, confident they have arrived first, only to discover they have barely taken last place. Meanwhile, Happy, Lisanna, and the rest of the guild search for Wendy and Carla. They eventually find the two in the garden of the king's palace, Mercurius, with their magic power depleted.

157
"New Guild"
"Shinki Girudo" (新规ギルド)
November 17, 2012
December 29, 2015

Wendy's body is weakened as a result of losing her magic power. As Poluchka helps her recover, she formally requests Elfman to take her place in the Grand Magic Games. Fairy Tail steps into the arena with a negative audience reception, but they are bolstered by their guild mates and the spirit of Mavis, whom only the Fairy Tail guild members can see. The next four participating teams are revealed to be Quatro Cerberus, Mermaid Heel, Blue Pegasus, and Lamia Scale. Following them is Raven Tail, a former dark guild led by Makarov's son Ivan, who confess to attacking Wendy and Carla. To everyone's shock, the next team is revealed to be a second team from Fairy Tail composed of Gajeel, Juvia, Mirajane, Laxus, and Jellal (disguised as Mystogan to help investigate the arena). The final guild to be announced is Saber Tooth, much to the joy of the audience. With all eight teams announced, they each send out one member to participate in the first contest of the games, with Gray and Juvia representing their teams.

158
"Night of Shooting Stars"
"Hoshi Furu Yoru ni" (星降ル夜ニ)
November 24, 2012
January 5, 2016

The games' first contest, "Hidden", requires the eight participants to score points by finding and attacking each other in a virtual city filled with copies of themselves. Raven Tail member Nalpudding repeatedly targets Gray, who scores last place in the contest while Saber Tooth's Rufus scores first by using his Memory-Make magic to attack all the other participants at once. Humiliated, Gray swears revenge against Raven Tail and Saber Tooth. Afterwards, Lucy is chosen to fight Raven Tail member Flare in the tournament's first battle round.

159
"Lucy vs. Flare"
"Rūshii vs. Furea" (ルーシィ vs. フレア)
December 1, 2012
January 12, 2016

Lucy displays tremendous skill in her battle against Flare by being able to summon two spirits simultaneously. As Lucy gains the upper hand, Flare cheats by using her magic hair to hold Alzack and Bisca's daughter Asuka as a hostage, blackmailing Lucy into not fighting back to keep her from harming Asuka. As Lucy tearfully speaks of Asuka's danger, Natsu is able to hear it and rushes to Asuka to incinerate Flare's hair, allowing Lucy to counterattack with her Urano Metoria spell in combination with Gemini. However, before the spell fully activates, Flare's teammate Obra nullifies Lucy's magic, causing her to collapse and lose the match.

160
"Portent"
"Kyōzui" (凶瑞)
December 8, 2012
January 19, 2016

Blue Pegasus' Ren defeats Mermaid Heel's Araña during the games' second match, while Saber Tooth's Orga effortlessly defeats Quatro Cerberus' War Cry in the third match. For the day's fourth and final match, Jellal is pitted against Lamia Scale's Jura, intending to avenge the humiliated Fairy Tail members. He mimics Mystogan's magic to keep up his disguise, but he finds it ineffective to use against Jura and is forced to use his own magic instead. Before he can cast a spell that will expose his true identity, Ultear uses Merudy's sensory to force Jellal into submission. Meanwhile, the hospitalized Carla awakens after having a troubling premonition of the future.

161
"Chariots"
"Chariotto" (战车 (チャリオット))
December 15, 2012
January 26, 2016

Fairy Tail is undaunted by their poor performance on the first day. As the guild celebrates, they are visited and taunted by Bacchus, Erza's rival from Quatro Cerberus, who has come to replace War Cry. Carla relays her premonition to Poluchka, saying that she saw Mercurius collapsing around what appeared to be a tearfully singing Lucy. The second day of the tournament begins with a footrace atop a train of moving chariots, causing the participants Natsu, Gajeel, and Sting to suffer from motion sickness as a side effect of their Dragon Slayer magic. As Natsu and Gajeel force themselves forward, Sting inquires about their determination to which Natsu responds that it is as a result of the strength of Fairy Tail's bonds. Sting eventually throws the race while Natsu and Gajeel manage to finish as sixth and seventh placers, respectively, earning Fairy Tail the audience's respect.

162
"Elfman vs. Bacchus"
"Erufuman vs. Bakkasu" (エルフマン vs. バッカス)
December 22, 2012
September 1, 2015

Due to a miscomunnication between the king and his knight Arcadios, Elfman is chosen as Bacchus' opponent instead of Erza. Before the match commences, the two opponents make a wager: if Bacchus wins, he will court Elfman's sisters, and if Elfman wins, Bacchus' team name will be changed to "Quatro Puppy" for the rest of the games. Bacchus ruthlessly attacks Elfman with his bare palms, who manages to damage Bacchus with his defensive Lizardman transformation. Elfman manages to outlast Bacchus as he exhausts himself, winning the match and forcing Bacchus' team to be renamed. Meanwhile, Natsu finds Wendy, Carla, and Poluchka being kidnapped by a group of masked men. Upon being caught, the men claim they were hired to kidnap Lucy by Raven Tail. They are soon revealed to have actually been sent by Arcadios, who intends to sow discord between the guilds as he plots to use Lucy for his "Eclipse Project".

163
"Mirajane vs. Jenny"
"Mirajēn vs. Jenī" (ミラジェーン vs. ジェニー)
January 5, 2013
September 1, 2015

The second day of the Grand Magic Games continues, with Mirajane of Fairy Tail Team B fighting against Jenny Realight of Team Blue Pegasus. Since the two competitors are well-known for being magazine models, their battle consists almost entirely of a fashion showdown, much to the pleasure of the audience. Eventually as the showdown becomes redundant, Jenny proposes a wager: the loser must pose nude for the Sorcerer Magazine, which Mirajane accepts. Jenny then transforms into her battle armor while Mirajane shifts into her Satan Soul "Sitri" form and easily defeats Jenny. The final match of the day is announced, with Kagura Mikazuchi of Mermaid Heel pitted against Yukino Aguria of Saber Tooth. Yukino proposes to Kagura that they wager their lives on their battle. Meanwhile, Arcadios is confronted by Darton, the kingdom's defense minister, about his "Eclipse Project".

164
"Kagura vs. Yukino"
"Kagura vs. Yukino" (カグラ vs. ユキノ)
January 12, 2013
September 1, 2015

Yukino is revealed to be a celestial spirit wizard when she summons Libra and Pisces to attack Kagura. Using her gravity-altering magic, Kagura defeats the two spirits, thus forcing Yukino to use a Gatekey that summons Ophiuchus, which is regarded as the strongest among the Celestial Spirits. However, Kagura slays Ophiuchus with her sword still sheathed and easily defeats Yukino. Later, Jellal discusses the fact that he has not sensed the evil power similar to Zeref's even though the second day of the Grand Magic Games has ended. Erza reunites with Milliana, who is revealed to be a member of Mermaid Heel. Meanwhile, Saber Tooth's master Jiemma is dissatisfied with his guild's performance. Though Sting is given another chance, Jiemma humiliates Yukino for her failure.

165
"Hatred at Nightfall"
"Urami wa Yoru no Tobari ni Tsutsumarete" (怨みは夜の帐に包まれて)
January 19, 2013
September 1, 2015

After Yukino is expelled from Saber Tooth, she offers her two golden Gatekeys to Lucy to complete the latter's collection of the Zodiac Gatekeys, stating that when the twelve Zodiac Gatekeys are all gathered, a gateway that changes the world will open; however, Lucy turns down the offer. Meanwhile, Milliana tells Erza that Kagura's sword, Archenemy, is intended to kill Jellal, and that she and Kagura share the same resentment towards Jellal. Natsu and Happy run after Yukino in an attempt to apologize; however, Natsu realizes that Yukino had been expelled, and infiltrates the Crocus Garden to fight Jiemma.

166
"Pandemonium"
"Pandemoniumu" (伏魔殿 (パンデモニウム))
January 26, 2013
September 1, 2015

After Natsu punches out Dobengal, the guild member summoned to fight him, he and Jiemma engage in a duel. However, the guild master's daughter Minerva appears, ends their duel and, taking Happy hostage, convinces Natsu to settle their dispute in the Grand Magic Games. As Natsu leaves, he states that Saber Tooth will never surpass Fairy Tail because they care for their friends, words that are echoed by Rogue, while Sting is left in awe at Natsu's strength. The following day as the Grand Magic Games continue, an event called "Pandemonium" begins. It involves the participants entering a magical citadel filled with 100 monsters of varying strengths and individually doing battle with any number of monsters they choose. Representing Fairy Tail Team A, Erza requests the 100 monsters as her opponents.

167
"100 Against 1"
"Hyaku tai Ichi" (100対1)
February 2, 2013
September 1, 2015

Erza kills the 100 monsters using various types of armor to match their strength and weaknesses. As a result, the crowd praises Fairy Tail, and the guild is awarded with 10 points. Moreover, the game officials decided to determine the ranks of the remaining participants by means of a device called "Magic Power Finder" (sometimes abbreviated as MPF). Using this tool, participants must attack it with their magic power, which will, in turn, calculate and display their equivalent scores depending on the extent of power used. In the end, Cana of Fairy Tail Team B dominates the event by using the Fairy Glitter spell lent to her by Mavis, much to Makarov's surprise. With Cana's victory, Fairy Tail Team B receives 8 points, and the audience began to burst once more into a resounding swarm of cheers and claps due to the finish of the two Fairy Tail teams. Meanwhile, the Raven Tail team somehow managed to get an insider information regarding the battle matchups for the day, so the masked leader Alexei tells his subordinates Flare, Obra, Nalpudding, and Kurohebi that it's about time to proceed with their true mission.

168
"Laxus vs. Alexei"
"Rakusasu vs. Arekusei" (ラクサス vs. アレクセイ)
February 9, 2013
September 1, 2015

In the battle portion of the Grand Magic Games' third day, Milliana of Mermaid Heel beats Semmes of Quatro Puppy while Saber Tooth's Rufus swiftly defeats Blue Pegasus' Eve. For the third match, Laxus of Fairy Tail Team B is chosen to battle against Alexei of Team Raven Tail. Since the opponent is from a suspicious guild, the Fairy Tail members take extra precautions by watching the actions of Ivan Dreyar as well as the other four Raven Tail members. However, as the match commences, the spectators are shocked to see Laxus being beaten by Alexei, although no cautious movements can be seen from the Raven Tail team. It turns out that the two dueling people are just illusions created by Alexei in order for him to have a talk with Laxus. Also, the other Raven Tail members being monitored by Fairy Tail are just lifelike illusions, for in reality they are with Alexei in the battlefield. Alexei reveals himself to be Ivan Dreyar. Unable to interrogate Laxus of the Lumen Histoire's location, Ivan and the Raven Tail members are forced to fight him. Before their battle begins, Ivan declares that Raven Tail is an anti-Fairy Tail guild.

169
"Wendy vs. Shelia"
"Wendi vs. Sheria" (ウェンディ vs. シェリア)
February 16, 2013
September 1, 2015

After Laxus defeats Ivan and the four Raven Tail elite members, Ivan's illusions disappear to the shock of everyone in the stadium. The game officials declare Laxus the victor, and Ivan tells him that Lumen Histoire is Fairy Tail’s 'darkness'. Due to the infraction of the rules, the Raven Tail team is disqualified for the remainder of the Games, and its members are captured by the soldiers. Later, Wendy of Fairy Tail Team A and Sherria Blendy of Team Lamia Scale face off to compete for the final match of the day. As the two exchange attacks, gusts of wind surround the arena since Sherria is revealed to be a Sky God Slayer. Wendy employs an advanced Sky Dragon Slayer attack much to Poluchka's astonishment, causing Sherria to fall on the ground. Wendy is about to be announced as the winner of the bout when Sherria suddenly stands up with her wounds fully healed. Meanwhile, the Crime Sorcière guild senses the nefarious aura, and Jellal proceeds to the Domus Flau audience, oblivious that he bumped into Doranbolt, who, in turn, wonders what is Mystogan doing in Earthland.

170
"Small Fists"
"Chiisana Kobushi" (小さな拳)
February 23, 2013
September 1, 2015

With Cheria being fully healed and Wendy being almost depleted of magic power, their battle continues, with the former casting a high-level spell towards the latter. However, it seems that Wendy enhances Cheria's physical strength, causing the attack to gain much force and thus missing Wendy. The two competitors then engage in a hand-to-hand combat, but due to the time limit and neither side is giving up, their battle resulted in a draw, giving both teams with 5 points. Meanwhile, Jellal manages to track the sinister aura among the crowd in the form of a mysterious, hooded person. Jellal is about to confront the aura source, but he is abruptly cornered by Doranbolt, Lahar, and other Rune Knights. Doranbalt then interrogates Jellal, and as his cover was blown, the Rune Knights, as well as Kagura and Milliana glancing nearby, are startled to see the true identity of Mystogan. Yajima convinces the Rune Knights that Mystogan is Jellal’s Edolas counterpart, prompting Lahar to release the fugitive. Meanwhile, Laxus and Makarov have a small conversation regarding Lumen Histoire when Mavis appears and explains that Lumen Histoire is the ‘light’ of Fairy Tail.

171
"Naval Battle"
"Nabaru Batoru" (海战 (ナバルバトル))
March 2, 2013
September 1, 2015

As the jubilant Fairy Tail members celebrate their victories, the other people, such as Sting, Kagura, and Milliana, are contemplating on their own concerns, while Yukino is enlisted as a sergeant under Arcadios' command. Meanwhile, the fourth day of the competitions comes to a start with an event, "Naval Battle", which involves the participants swimming in a giant water sphere and knocking the other competitors out. After the other participants fall out of the aquatic sphere, a five-minute battle between Lucy and Minerva ensues. However, Minerva quickly attacks Lucy, and she manages to steal the keys of the Celestial Spirit mage. Regardless of this, Lucy refuses to surrender. After hearing Lucy's intentions, Minerva stops from attacking up to the extent that the five-minute mark was reached. However, Minerva resumes attacking Lucy until the game officials decide to halt the match. The Fairy Tail members snap, and Minerva dangles Lucy out of the sphere while the others rush to her aid.

172
"A Parfum for You"
"Kimi ni Sasageru Parufamu" (君に捧げる香り (パルファム))
March 9, 2013
September 1, 2015

While Lucy is hospitalized and taken to the infirmary, the Fairy Tail members warn Saber Tooth that they have angered the worst possible guild to do so. Later, Makarov announces that the two Fairy Tail teams must merge as a result of the disqualification of Raven Tail and to compensate for the odd number of teams for the battle round. He also reveals that the new team will have the former Team A's 35 points to start with. The new Fairy Tail team, consisting of Natsu, Gray, Erza, Gajeel, and Laxus, are well-received as they enter the field. The second part of the tournament begins with a tag battle between Blue Pegasus' Ichiya and "Rabbit" and Quatro Puppy's Rocker and Bacchus. To everyone's shock, it is revealed that "Rabbit" is actually Nichiya in disguise, and after the Exceed is punched by Bacchus, Ichiya bulks up to defeat the Quatro Puppy opponents, awarding Blue Pegasus with 10 points.

173
"Battle of Dragon Slayers!"
"Batoru obu Doragon Sureiyā" (バトル・オブ・ドラゴンスレイヤー)
March 16, 2013
September 1, 2015

Mermaid Heel's Kagura and Milliana and Lamia Scale's Lyon and Yuka face off for the second tag battle of the games. The two teams struggle to earn a victory, only to have their battle ending in a draw due to the time limit. For the third and final match of the day, the spectators look on in silence as Natsu and Gajeel of Team Fairy Tail and Sting and Rogue of Team Saber Tooth enter the field. As the battle commences, Sting and Rogue were about to take the initiative when they were suddenly attacked by Natsu and Gajeel. The four mages then exchange attacks; however, the audience watches in shock as the Fairy Tail Dragon Slayers overpower the Saber Tooth Dragon Slayers. Unable to keep themselves on par with their adversaries, Sting activates 'White Drive' while Rogue powers up using 'Shadow Drive'.

174
"Four Dragons"
"Yonin no Doragon" (四人の竜 (ドラゴン))
March 23, 2013
September 1, 2015

The tag battle continues, with Sting and Rogue beginning to attack Natsu and Gajeel with their powers being increased. After receiving heavy blows from the Saber Tooth Dragon Slayers, Natsu and Gajeel manages to hold them off, thus forcing Sting and Rogue to activate "Dragon Force" on their own will, to the shock of the Fairy Tail audience. Sting decides to finish the Fairy Tail Dragon Slayers alone, for he held a promise to his Exceed friend Lector many years ago. As the three mages fight, the tide turns in favor of Sting as he unleashes a powerful attack on Natsu and Gajeel, resulting in the collapse of the arena floor, and after a hand-to-hand combat underground, Sting was seemingly the victor of the match. However, the Fairy Tail duo stands up, comments on Sting’s strength, and argues about his position while attacking, thereby causing Natsu to drag Gajeel on a mining cart and send it away. While Gajeel is left incapacitated due to motion sickness, Natsu challenges the Twin Dragons of Saber Tooth alone, in retribution to what Sting did earlier on them.

175
"Natsu vs. the Twin Dragons"
"Natsu vs. Sōryū" (ナツ vs. 双竜)
March 30, 2013
September 1, 2015

The tag battle of the Dragon Slayers comes to a close, with Natsu overpowering the combined attacks of Sting and Rogue. The Saber Tooth members watch in dismay, while Jiemma seethes in anger over the defeat of the Twin Dragons, frightening the nearby spectators away. The rest of Fairy Tail celebrates in joy as its team receives 10 points, finally surpassing Team Saber Tooth by a single point. Meanwhile, Gajeel, back to his senses after being dragged by Natsu into a cart earlier, stumbles upon a cave full of dragon skeletons. During that night, Jellal manages to corner the source of the dark aura, standing in disbelief at the identity of the mysterious, hooded person.

tag: table

text: Notes[edit]

text:
Jump up ^ All English titles are taken from Funimation.
Jump up ^ Date the episode originally aired on TV Tokyo.
Jump up ^ Date the episode first aired on the Funimation Channel in an English dub.

tag: ol


document_title: Blood type distribution by country

question_text: what is the most common blood type in sweden

text: Blood type distribution by country

text: ABO and distribution by country[edit]

text: This section's factual accuracy is disputed. Relevant discussion may be found on Talk:Blood type distribution by country. Please help to ensure that disputed statements are reliably sourced. (April 2012) (Learn how and when to remove this template message)

text:
ABO and Rh blood type distribution by country (population averages)

Country
Population[1]
O+
A+
B+
AB+
O−
A−
B−
AB−

 Argentina
44,270,440
45.4%
34.26%
8.59%
2.64%
8.4%
0.44%
0.21%
0.06%

 Armenia[2]
2,931,568
29.0%
46.3%
12.0%
5.6%
2.0%
3.7%
1.0%
0.4%

 Australia[3]
24,642,693
40.0%
31.0%
8.0%
2.0%
9.0%
7.0%
2.0%
1.0%

 Austria[4]
8,592,470
30.0%
33.0%
12.0%
6.0%
7.0%
8.0%
3.0%
1.0%

 Bahrain
1,418,695
48.48%
19.35%
22.61%
3.67%
3.27%
1.33%
1.04%
0.25%

 Bangladesh
164,833,667
31.18%
21.44%
34.58%
8.85%
1.39%
0.96%
0.96%
0.64%

 Belgium[5]
11,444,053
38.0%
34.0%
8.6%
4.1%
7.0%
6.0%
1.5%
0.8%

 Bolivia
11,053,376
51.53%
29.45%
10.11%
1.15%
4.39%
2.73%
0.54%
0.1%

 Bosnia and Herzegovina
3,792,730
31.0%
36.0%
12.0%
6.0%
5.0%
7.0%
2.0%
1.0%

 Brazil[6]
211,248,418
36.0%
34.0%
8.0%
2.5%
9.0%
8.0%
2.0%
0.5%

 Bulgaria
7,045,097
28.0%
37.0%
13.0%
7.0%
5.0%
7.0%
2.0%
1.0%

 Cambodia
16,077,172
46.7%
27.2%
18.5%
4.9%
1.3%
0.8%
0.5%
0.1%

 Cameroon
24,515,533
42.8%
38.8%
12.0%
3.3%
1.4%
1.2%
0.4%
0.1%

 Canada[7]
36,627,140
39.0%
36.0%
7.6%
2.5%
7.0%
6.0%
1.4%
0.5%

 Chile
18,314,060
85.5%
8.7%
3.35%
1.0%
1.2%
0.1%
0.05%
0.1%

 China
1,388,251,023
47.7%
27.8%
18.9%
5.0%
0.28%
0.19%
0.1%
0.03%

 Colombia
49,069,267
61.3%
26.11%
2.28%
1.47%
5.13%
2.7%
0.7%
0.31%

 Côte d'Ivoire
23,869,656
46.5%
22.5%
22.5%
4.3%
2.0%
1.0%
1.0%
0.2%

 Croatia
4,207,355
29.0%
36.0%
15.0%
5.0%
5.0%
6.0%
3.0%
1.0%

 Cuba
11,486,750
45.8%
33.5%
10.2%
2.9%
3.6%
2.8%
1.0%
0.2%

 Cyprus[8]
1,189,395
35.22%
40.35%
11.11%
4.72%
3.85%
3.48%
0.87%
0.40%

 Czech Republic[9]
10,555,152
27.0%
36.0%
15.0%
7.0%
5.0%
6.0%
3.0%
1.0%

 Denmark[10]
5,711,902
35.0%
37.0%
8.0%
4.0%
6.0%
7.0%
2.0%
1.0%

 Dominican Republic
10,766,932
46.2%
26.4%
16.9%
3.1%
3.7%
2.1%
1.4%
0.2%

 Ecuador
16,665,756
75.0%
14.0%
7.1%
0.5%
2.38%
0.7%
0.3%
0.02%

 Egypt
95,220,838
52.0%
24.0%
12.4%
3.8%
5.0%
2.0%
0.6%
0.2%

 El Salvador[11]
6,171,483
62.0%
23.0%
11.0%
1.0%
1.0%
1.0%
0.7%
0.3%

 Estonia[12]
1,305,745
29.5%
30.8%
20.7%
6.3%
4.3%
4.5%
3.0%
0.9%

 Ethiopia
104,352,727
39.0%
28.0%
21.0%
5.0%
3.0%
2.0%
1.0%
1.0%

 Finland[13]
5,541,328
27.0%
38.0%
15.0%
7.0%
4.0%
6.0%
2.0%
1.0%

 France[14]
64,939,560
36.0%
37.0%
9.0%
3.0%
6.0%
7.0%
1.0%
1.0%

 Germany
80,635,980
35.0%
37.0%
9.0%
4.0%
6.0%
6.0%
2.0%
1.0%

 Greece
10,892,849
37.4%
32.9%
11.0%
3.7%
7.0%
5.0%
2.0%
1.0%

 Guinea
13,291,741
46.88%
21.64%
22.86%
4.52%
2.0%
0.9%
1.0%
0.2%

 Honduras
9,348,898
57.5%
27.0%
7.8%
2.5%
2.7%
1.7%
0.6%
0.2%

 Hong Kong
7,402,115
41.5%
26.13%
25.34%
6.35%
0.32%
0.17%
0.14%
0.05%

 Hungary
9,787,801
27.0%
33.0%
16.0%
8.0%
5.0%
7.0%
3.0%
1.0%

 Iceland[15]
334,311
47.6%
26.4%
9.3%
1.6%
8.4%
4.6%
1.7%
0.4%

 India[16]
1,342,561,902
27.85%
20.8%
38.14%
8.93%
1.43%
0.57%
1.79%
0.49%

 Indonesia
263,519,317
36.82%
25.87%
28.85%
7.96%
0.18%
0.13%
0.15%
0.04%

 Iran
80,982,137
33.5%
27.0%
22.2%
7.0%
4.0%
3.0%
2.5%
0.8%

 Iraq
38,657,787
32.1%
25.0%
25.6%
7.4%
3.6%
2.7%
2.7%
0.9%

 Ireland[17]
4,749,263
47.0%
26.0%
9.0%
2.0%
8.0%
5.0%
2.0%
1.0%

 Israel[18]
8,323,659
32.0%
34.0%
17.0%
7.0%
3.0%
4.0%
2.0%
1.0%

 Italy
59,797,969
39.0%
36.0%
7.5%
2.5%
7.0%
6.0%
1.5%
0.5%

 Jamaica[19]
2,813,316
47.0%
23.0%
20.0%
3.0%
3.5%
2.0%
1.0%
0.5%

 Japan[20]
126,044,340
29.9%
39.8%
19.9%
9.9%
0.15%
0.2%
0.1%
0.05%

 Kenya
48,470,780
45.6%
25.2%
21.28%
4.2%
1.8%
1.0%
0.9%
0.02%

 Latvia
1,944,122
30.6%
31.0%
17.0%
6.0%
5.4%
6.0%
3.0%
1.0%

 Lebanon
6,039,438
38.4%
32.3%
9.5%
3.2%
7.7%
6.5%
1.7%
0.7%

 Libya
6,408,990
42.64%
28.86%
11.19%
4.5%
6.26%
4.24%
1.64%
0.67%

 Lithuania
2,827,573
36.0%
33.0%
11.0%
4.0%
7.0%
6.0%
2.0%
1.0%

 Luxemburg[21]
587,297
35.0%
37.0%
9.0%
4.0%
6.0%
6.0%
2.0%
1.0%

 Macao
606,413
41.5%
26.1%
25.4%
6.3%
0.33%
0.17%
0.15%
0.05%

 Macedonia
2,083,690
30.0%
34.0%
15.0%
6.0%
5.0%
6.0%
3.0%
1.0%

 Malaysia
31,165,480
34.32%
30.35%
27.37%
7.46%
0.17%
0.15%
0.14%
0.04%

 Mauritania
4,266,765
46.3%
26.68%
17.47%
3.85%
2.8%
1.6%
1.1%
0.2%

 Mauritius
1,267,303
38.3%
26.0%
25.0%
6.7%
1.7%
1.0%
1.0%
0.3%

 Mexico
130,227,836
55.79%
29.9%
8.0%
1.63%
2.7%
1.5%
0.4%
0.08%

 Mongolia
3,052,044
55.4%
27.7%
10.9%
4.96%
0.6%
0.3%
0.1%
0.04%

 Myanmar
53,507,932
35.7%
23.8%
32.7%
6.95%
0.3%
0.2%
0.3%
0.05%

   Nepal
29,188,100
35.2%
28.3%
27.1%
8.6%
0.3%
0.2%
0.2%
0.1%

 Netherlands[22]
17,033,012
39.5%
35.0%
6.7%
2.5%
7.5%
7.0%
1.3%
0.5%

 New Zealand[23]
4,604,996
38.0%
32.0%
9.0%
3.0%
9.0%
6.0%
2.0%
1.0%

 Nigeria
191,851,411
51.3%
22.4%
20.7%
2.6%
1.6%
0.7%
0.6%
0.1%

 Norway[24]
5,330,986
33.0%
41.5%
6.8%
3.4%
6.0%
7.5%
1.2%
0.6%

 North Korea
25,432,033
27.15%
31.08%
30.15%
11.32%
0.08%
0.1%
0.1%
0.03%

 Pakistan
180,440,005
24.63%
20.6%
34.40%
9.52%
4.17%
2.66%
3.57%
0.45%

 Papua New Guinea
7,952,511
48.0%
37.2%
9.6%
2.8%
1.0%
0.8%
0.4%
0.2%

 Peru
32,167,717
70.0%
18.4%
7.8%
1.6%
1.4%
0.5%
0.28%
0.02%

 Philippines[25]
103,801,747
36.9%
28.9%
26.9%
6.97%
0.1%
0.1%
0.1%
0.03%

 Poland[26]
38,563,480
31.0%
32.0%
15.0%
7.0%
6.0%
6.0%
2.0%
1.0%

 Portugal[27]
10,264,672
36.3%
40.0%
6.6%
2.9%
6.0%
6.6%
1.1%
0.5%

 Republic of Moldova[28]
4,043,722
28.5%
31.8%
17.6%
7.0%
5.0%
6.0%
3.0%
1.1%

 Romania
19,237,087
28.0%
37.0%
14.0%
7.0%
5.0%
6.0%
2.0%
1.0%

 Russia
143,374,801
28.0%
30.0%
20.0%
7.0%
4.9%
5.8%
3.2%
1.1%

 Saudi Arabia[29]
32,744,532
47.8%
23.9%
17.0%
4.0%
4.0%
2.0%
1.0%
0.3%

 Serbia
8,776,827
31.92%
35.28%
12.6%
4.2%
6.08%
6.72%
2.4%
0.8%

 Singapore
5,784,819
43.6%
23.9%
24.4%
6.0%
0.9%
0.7%
0.4%
0.1%

 Slovakia[30]
5,432,265
27.2%
35.7%
15.3%
6.8%
4.8%
6.3%
2.7%
1.2%

 Slovenia
2,071,258
31.0%
33.0%
12.0%
6.0%
7.0%
7.0%
3.0%
1.0%

 South Africa[31]
55,437,815
39.0%
32.0%
12.0%
3.0%
6.0%
5.0%
2.0%
1.0%

 South Korea
50,748,307
27.9%
33.87%
26.92%
10.98%
0.1%
0.13%
0.08%
0.02%

 Spain[32]
46,070,163
36.0%
34.0%
8.0%
2.5%
9.0%
8.0%
2.0%
0.5%

 Sudan
40,827,975
48.0%
27.7%
15.2%
2.8%
3.5%
1.8%
0.8%
0.2%

 Sweden[33]
9,920,843
32.0%
37.0%
10.0%
5.0%
6.0%
7.0%
2.0%
1.0%

  Switzerland[34]
8,454,321
35.0%
40.0%
7.0%
3.0%
6.0%
7.0%
1.0%
1.0%

 Syria
18,920,698
43.0%
30.0%
14.0%
3.7%
5.0%
3.0%
1.0%
0.3%

 Taiwan
23,234,936
43.9%
25.9%
23.9%
6.0%
0.17%
0.1%
0.01%
0.02%

 Thailand
68,298,027
40.8%
16.9%
36.8%
4.97%
0.2%
0.1%
0.2%
0.03%

 Turkey[35]
80,420,065
29.8%
37.8%
14.2%
7.2%
3.9%
4.7%
1.6%
0.8%

 Uganda
43,276,492
43.7%
39.0%
10.7%
3.9%
1.3%
1.0%
0.3%
0.1%

 Ukraine
44,404,078
32.0%
34.0%
15.0%
5.0%
5.0%
6.0%
2.0%
1.0%

 United Arab Emirates
3,398,017
44.1%
21.9%
20.9%
4.3%
4.3%
2.1%
2.0%
0.4%

 United Kingdom[36]
65,512,375
37.0%
35.0%
8.0%
3.0%
7.0%
7.0%
2.0%
1.0%

 United States[37]
326,481,533
37.4%
35.7%
8.5%
3.4%
6.6%
6.3%
1.5%
0.6%

 Venezuela[38]
32,011,082
58.5%
28.3%
5.3%
1.8%
3.5%
1.7%
0.7%
0.2%

 Vietnam
95,414,640
41.7%
21.9%
30.8%
4.98%
0.3%
0.1%
0.2%
0.02%

 Zimbabwe
16,642,880
63.3%
18.5%
14.6%
0.99%
1.7%
0.5%
0.4%
0.01%

World
6,635,281,257
38.67%
27.42%
22.02%
5.88%
2.55%
1.99%
1.11%
0.36%

text: 50.0% and above   40.0–49.9%   30.0–39.9%   20.0–29.9%   10.0–19.9%   5.0–9.9%

tag: p

text:
[show]Ethnic distribution of ABO (without Rh) blood types[39]
(This table has more entries than the table above but does not distinguish between Rh types.)

People group
O (%)
A (%)
B (%)
AB (%)

Aboriginal people
61
39
0
0

Abyssinians
43
27
25
5

Ainu (Japan)
17
32
32
18

Albanians
38
43
13
6

Grand Andamanese
9
60
23
9

Arabs
34
31
29
6

Armenians
31
50
13
6

Asian Americans
40
28
27
5

Austrians
36
44
13
6

Bantus
46
30
19
5

Basques
51
44
4
1

Belgians
47
42
8
3

Bororo (Brazil)
100
0
0
0

Brazilians
47
41
9
3

Bulgarians
32
44
15
8

Burmese
36
24
33
7

Buryats (Siberia)
33
21
38
8

Bushmen
56
34
9
2

Chinese-Canton
46
23
25
6

Chinese-Peking
29
27
32
13

Chuvash
30
29
33
7

Croats
42
34
17
7

Czechs
30
44
18
9

Danes
41
44
11
4

Dutch
45
43
9
3

Egyptians
33
36
24
8

English
47
42
9
3

Inuit (Alaska)
38
44
13
5

Inuit (Greenland)
54
36
23
8

Estonians
34
36
23
8

Fijians
44
34
17
6

Finns
34
41
18
7

French
43
47
7
3

Georgians
46
37
12
4

Germans
41
43
11
5

Greeks
40
42
14
5

Romani people (Hungary)
29
27
35
10

Hawaiians
37
61
2
1

Hindus (Bombay)
29
25
35
11

Hungarians
36
43
16
5

Icelanders
56
32
10
3

Indians (India)
29
21
40
9

Native Americans
79
16
4
1

Irish
52
35
10
3

Italians (Milan)
46
41
11
3

Japanese
30
38
22
10

Jews (Germany)
42
41
12
5

Jews (Poland)
33
41
18
8

Kalmuks
26
23
41
11

Kikuyu (Kenya)
60
19
20
1

Koreans
28
32
31
10

Sami people
29
63
4
4

Latvians
32
37
24
7

Lithuanians
40
34
20
6

Malays
62
18
20
0

Māori
46
54
1
0

Mayans
98
1
1
1

Moros
64
16
20
0

Navajo Indians
73
27
0
0

Nicobarese
74
9
15
1

Norwegians
39
50
8
4

Papuans (New Guinea)
41
27
23
9

Persians
38
33
22
7

Peruvian Indians
100
0
0
0

Filipinos
45
22
27
6

Poles
33
39
20
9

Portuguese
35
53
8
4

Romanians
33
43
16
8

Russians
33
36
23
8

Sardinians
50
26
19
5

Scots
51
34
12
3

Serbians
38
42
16
5

Shompen Nicobarese
100
0
0
0

Slovaks
42
37
16
5

South Africans
45
40
11
4

Spanish
38
47
10
5

Sudanese
62
16
21
0

Swedish
38
47
10
5

Swiss
40
50
7
3

Tatars
28
30
29
13

Thais
37
22
33
8

Turks
43
34
18
6

Ukrainians
37
40
18
6

Black Americans
49
27
20
4

White Americans
45
40
11
4

Vietnamese
42
22
30
5

Mean
43.91
34.80
16.55
5.14

Standard deviation
16.87
13.80
9.97
3.41

text: Blood group B has its highest frequency in South Asia where it ranks first as the largest share of the earth's population. In Southeast Asia the share of the population is high, especially in Thailand and Indonesia, then in East Asia, Northern Asia and neighboring Central Asia, and its incidence diminishes both towards the east and the west, falling to single digit percentages in Netherlands, Norway, Portugal and Switzerland.[40][41] It is believed to have been entirely absent from Native American and Australian Aboriginal populations prior to the arrival of Europeans in those areas.[41][42]

text: Blood group A is associated with high frequencies in Europe, especially in Scandinavia and Central Europe, although its highest frequencies occur in some Australian Aboriginal populations and the Blackfoot Indians of Montana, the US.[43][44]

text: Maps of allele ABO among native populations[edit]

text:
Map of allele A
among native populations

Map of allele B
among native populations

Map of allele O
among native populations

tag: ul


document_title: Dancing with the Stars (U.S. season 1)

question_text: who was on the first season of dwts

question_tokens: who was on the first season of dwts

text: Dancing with the Stars (U.S. season 1)

text: Couples[edit]

text: This section does not cite any sources. Please help improve this section by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. (August 2015) (Learn how and when to remove this template message)

text: The six professionals and celebrities that competed were:[3]

text:
Celebrity
Notability (known for)
Professional partner
Status

Trista Sutter
Reality television star
Louis Van Amstel
Eliminated 1st
on June 8, 2005

Evander Holyfield
Professional boxer
Edyta Sliwinska
Eliminated 2nd
on June 15, 2005

Rachel Hunter
Supermodel & actress
Jonathan Roberts
Eliminated 3rd
on June 22, 2005

Joey McIntyre
New Kids on the Block singer
Ashly DelGrosso
Third place
on June 29, 2005

John O'Hurley
Actor & game show host
Charlotte Jorgensen
Runner-up
on July 6, 2005

Kelly Monaco
Actress
Alec Mazo
Winner
on July 6, 2005

text: Scoring chart[edit]

text:
Couple
Place
1
2
1+2
3
4
5
6

Kelly & Alec
1
13
17
30
21
26
22+25=47
25+30=55

John & Charlotte
2
20
26
46
24
21
27+27=54
27+27=54

Joey & Ashly
3
20
21
41
22
20
20+25=45

Rachel & Jonathan
4
20
24
44
26
25

Evander & Edyta
5
18
14
32
13

Trista & Louis
6
18
19
37

text: Average chart[edit]

text: This table only counts for dances scored on a traditional 30-point scale.

text:
Rank by
average
Place
Couple
Total
Number of
dances
Average

1
2
John & Charlotte
199
8
24.9

2
4
Rachel & Jonathan
95
4
23.8

3
1
Kelly & Alec
179
8
22.4

4
3
Joey & Ashly
128
6
21.3

5
6
Trista & Louis
37
2
18.5

6
5
Evander & Edyta
45
3
15.0

text: Pro's average chart[edit]

text:
Rank by
average
Place
Couple
Average

1
2
Charlotte Jorgensen
24.9

2
6
Louis van Amstel
21.8

3
1
Alec Mazo
20.6

4
4
Jonathan Roberts
19.4

5
5
Edyta Sliwinska
19.1

6
3
Ashly DelGrosso
16.7

text: Highest and lowest scoring performances[edit]

text:
Dance
Celebrity
Highest score
Celebrity
Lowest score

Cha-cha-cha
John O'Hurley
Joey McIntyre
20
Evander Holyfield
18

Waltz
Rachel Hunter
20
Kelly Monaco
13

Rumba
Rachel Hunter
24
Kelly Monaco
17

Quickstep
John O'Hurley
27
Evander Holyfield
14

Jive
Joey McIntyre
22
Evander Holyfield
13

Tango
Rachel Hunter
26
John O'Hurley
24

Samba
Kelly Monaco
26
Joey McIntyre
20

Paso doble
John O'Hurley
27
Kelly Monaco
Joey McIntyre
25

Foxtrot
John O'Hurley
27
Joey McIntyre
20

Freestyle
Kelly Monaco
30
John O'Hurley
27

text: Trista Sutter is the only star to not land on this list

text: Couples' highest and lowest scoring performances[edit]

text: According to the traditional 30-point scale.

text:
Couples
Highest Scoring Dances
Lowest Scoring Dances

Kelly & Alec
Freestyle (30)
Waltz (13)

John & Charlotte
Foxtrot, Paso doble, Quickstep & Freestyle (27)
Cha-cha-cha (20)

Joey & Ashly
Paso doble (25)
Cha-cha-cha, Samba and Foxtrot (20)

Rachel & Jonathan
Tango (26)
Waltz (20)

Evander & Edyta
Cha-cha-cha (18)
Jive (13)

Trista & Louis
Rumba (19)
Waltz (18)

text: Weekly scores and songs[edit]

text: Unless indicated otherwise, individual judges scores given in the charts below (given in parentheses) are listed in this order from left to right: Carrie Ann Inaba, Len Goodman, Bruno Tonioli.

text: Week 1[edit]

text:
Couple
Score
Dance
Music

Joey & Ashly
20 (7, 7, 6)
Cha-cha-cha
"Crazy in Love"—Beyoncé

Rachel & Jonathan
20 (7, 6, 7)
Waltz
"Three Times A Lady"—Lionel Richie

Evander & Edyta
18 (5, 7, 6)
Cha-cha-cha
"Respect"—Aretha Franklin

Kelly & Alec
13 (5, 4, 4)
Waltz
"I Have Nothing"—Whitney Houston

John & Charlotte
20 (7, 7, 6)
Cha-cha-cha
"September"—Earth, Wind & Fire

Trista & Louis
18 (6, 6, 6)
Waltz
"Come Away with Me"—Norah Jones

text: Week 2[edit]

text:
Couple
Score
Dance
Music
Result

Rachel & Jonathan
24 (8, 8, 8)
Rumba
"I Don't Wanna Miss a Thing"—Aerosmith from Armageddon
Bottom two

Joey & Ashly
21 (8, 7, 6)
Quickstep
"You're The One That I Want"—John Travolta and Olivia Newton-John
Safe

Trista & Louis
19 (6, 7, 6)
Rumba
"Endless Love"—Diana Ross and Lionel Richie
Eliminated

John & Charlotte
26 (8, 9, 9)
Quickstep
"Let's Face The Music and Dance"—Irving Berlin
Safe

Kelly & Alec
17 (5, 6, 6)
Rumba
"Hero"—Enrique Iglesias
Safe

Evander & Edyta
14 (5, 4, 5)
Quickstep
"It Don't Mean a Thing"—Duke Ellington
Safe

text: Week 3[edit]

text:
Couple
Score
Dance
Music
Result

Evander & Edyta
13 (5, 4, 4)
Jive
"Reet Petite"—Jackie Wilson
Eliminated

Rachel & Jonathan
26 (8, 9, 9)
Tango
"Toxic"—Britney Spears
Safe

Kelly & Alec
21 (6, 7, 8)
Jive
"Footloose"—Kenny Loggins
Safe

John & Charlotte
24 (9, 8, 7)
Tango
"Dance with Me"—Debelah Morgan
Safe

Joey & Ashly
22 (7, 7, 8)
Jive
"I'm Still Standing"—Elton John
Bottom two

text: Week 4[edit]

text:
Couple
Score
Dance
Music
Result

Joey & Ashly
20 (7, 6, 7)
Samba
"Tequila"—The Champs
Safe

Rachel & Jonathan
25 (7, 9, 9)
Samba
"Soul Bossa Nova"—Quincy Jones
Eliminated

John & Charlotte
21 (7, 8, 6)
Samba
"Just The Two of Us"—Grover Washington, Jr. and Bill Withers
Bottom two

Kelly & Alec
26 (9, 9, 8)
Samba
"Bailamos"—Enrique Iglesias
Safe

John & Charlotte
Rachel & Jonathan
Kelly & Alec
Joey & Ashly
N/A
Viennese Waltz
"I Got You Babe"—Sonny & Cher

text: Week 5[edit]

text:
Couple
Score
Dance
Music
Result

John & Charlotte
27 (9, 9, 9)
Foxtrot
"Let There Be Love"—Nat King Cole
Safe

27 (9, 9, 9)
Paso doble
"España cañí"—Mexicana Aleque la-Band

Kelly & Alec
22 (8, 7, 7)
Foxtrot
"Don't Know Why"—Norah Jones
Bottom two

25 (9, 8, 8)
Paso doble
"Bamboleo"—Gipsy Kings

Joey & Ashly
20 (8, 6, 6)
Foxtrot
"Big Spender"—Shirley Bassey from Sweet Charity
Third place

25 (9, 8, 8)
Paso doble
"Eye of the Tiger"—Survivor

text: Week 6: Finale[edit]

text:
Couple
Score
Dance
Music
Result

John & Charlotte
27 (9, 9, 9)
Quickstep
"Let's Face The Music and Dance"—Irving Berlin
Runner-up

27 (9, 9, 9)
Freestyle
"I'm So Excited"—The Pointer Sisters

Kelly & Alec
25 (7, 9, 9)
Samba
"Bailamos"—Enrique Iglesias
Winner

30 (10, 10, 10)
Freestyle
"Let's Get Loud"—Jennifer Lopez

text: Dance off[edit]

text:
Couple
Score
Style
Music
Result

Kelly & Alec
25 (7, 9, 9)
Cha-cha-cha
"Lady Marmalade"—All Saints
Runner-up

24 (9, 7, 8)
Quickstep
"Diamonds are a Girl's Best Friend"—Marilyn Monroe

25 (8, 8, 9)
Freestyle
"Get The Party Started"—Pink

John & Charlotte
22 (7, 8, 7)
Rumba
"The Look of Love"—Anita Baker
Winner

30 (10, 10, 10)
Waltz
"You Light Up My Life"—Whitney Houston

25 (8, 8, 9)
Freestyle
"I Am What I Am"—Gloria Gaynor

text: Dance chart[edit]

text:
Couple
1
2
3
4
5
6

Kelly and Alec
Waltz
Rumba
Jive
Samba
Viennese Waltz
Foxtrot
Paso doble
Samba
Freestyle

John and Charlotte
Cha-cha-cha
Quickstep
Tango
Samba
Viennese Waltz
Foxtrot
Paso doble
Quickstep
Freestyle

Joey and Ashly
Cha-cha-cha
Quickstep
Jive
Samba
Viennese Waltz
Foxtrot
Paso doble

Rachel and Jonathan
Waltz
Rumba
Tango
Samba
Viennese Waltz

Evander and Edyta
Cha-cha-cha
Quickstep
Jive

Trista and Louis
Waltz
Rumba


document_title: 2005 World Series

question_text: who did the astros play last time they were in the world series

text: 2005 World Series

text: Background[edit]

text: Chicago White Sox[edit]

text: The Chicago White Sox finished the regular season with the best record in the American League at 99–63. After starting the season on a tear, the White Sox began to fade in August, when a 15 1⁄2 game lead fell all the way to 1 1⁄2. However, the Sox were able to hold off the Cleveland Indians to win the American League Central Division by six games, sweeping Cleveland in three games on the season's final weekend. In the Division Series, the White Sox swept the defending champion Boston Red Sox. The League Championship Series began with the Los Angeles Angels of Anaheim winning Game 1, but a controversial uncaught third strike in Game 2 helped the Sox start a run and win Games 2–5, all on complete games pitched by starters Mark Buehrle, Jon Garland, Freddy García, and José Contreras, clinching their first American League pennant in 46 years.

text: Manager Ozzie Guillén then led the White Sox to a World Series victory, their first in 88 years. Slugger Frank Thomas was not on the post-season roster because he was injured, but the team honored his perennial contributions to the franchise during Game 1 of the Division Series against the Boston Red Sox when he was chosen to throw out the ceremonial first pitch. "What a feeling," Thomas said. "Standing O all around the place. People really cheering me. I had tears in my eyes. To really know the fans cared that much about me – it was a great feeling. One of my proudest moments in the game."[2]

text: Houston Astros[edit]

text: The Houston Astros won the Wild Card for the second straight year, once again clinching it on the final day of the season. The Astros embarked on a memorable Division Series rematch against the Atlanta Braves. With the Astros in the lead two games to one, the teams played an eighteen-inning marathon in Game 4, which was the longest (in both time and innings played) postseason game in history. In this game, Roger Clemens made only the second relief appearance of his career, and the first in postseason play. Chris Burke's walk-off home run ended the game in the bottom of the eighteenth. For the second straight year, the Astros played the St. Louis Cardinals in the League Championship Series. Like the White Sox, the Astros dropped Game 1, but were able to regroup and win Games 2–4. With the Astros on the verge of clinching their first ever National League pennant in Game 5, Albert Pujols hit a mammoth three-run home run off Brad Lidge in the top of the ninth inning to take the lead, and subsequently stave off elimination. However, behind NLCS MVP Roy Oswalt, the Astros were able to defeat the Cards 5–1 in Game 6 and earned a trip to the World Series. This was the Astros' first World Series appearance in franchise history.

text: Matchups[edit]

text: Game 1[edit]

text:
Saturday, October 22, 2005 7:05 pm (CDT) at U.S. Cellular Field in Chicago, Illinois

Team
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
R
H
E

Houston
0
1
2
0
0
0
0
0
0
3
7
1

Chicago
1
2
0
1
0
0
0
1
X
5
10
0

WP: José Contreras (1–0)   LP: Wandy Rodríguez (0–1)   Sv: Bobby Jenks (1)
Home runs:
HOU: Mike Lamb (1)
CWS: Jermaine Dye (1), Joe Crede (1)

text: Playing in their first World Series home game since 1959, the White Sox took an early lead with a home run from Jermaine Dye in the first inning. After Mike Lamb's home run tied the game in the second, the Sox scored two more in the second when Juan Uribe doubled in A. J. Pierzynski after Carl Everett had already scored on a ground-out earlier in the inning. The Astros responded in the next inning when Lance Berkman hit a double, driving in Adam Everett and Craig Biggio. In the White Sox half of the fourth, Joe Crede hit what turned out to be the game-winning home run. In the bottom of the eighth, Scott Podsednik hit a triple with Pierzynski on second off of Russ Springer for an insurance run. Roger Clemens recorded his shortest World Series start, leaving after the second inning with 53 pitches, including 35 for strikes, due to a sore hamstring that he had previously injured (which had caused him to also miss his last regular season start) as the loss went to Wandy Rodríguez. José Contreras pitched seven innings, allowing three runs on six hits for the win. Before exiting, Contreras allowed a leadoff double by Willie Taveras with no outs. Neal Cotts entered the game in the top of the eighth inning. It marked the first time in five games that the White Sox had gone to their bullpen. Cotts pitched  2⁄3 innings before Bobby Jenks was called upon by manager Ozzie Guillén to relieve him. Guillen signaled for the large pitcher by holding his arms out wide and then up high. In the postgame conference, the Sox manager joked that he wanted to be clear he was asking for "The Big Boy." Jenks returned in the ninth to earn the save, giving the White Sox a 1–0 lead in the series.

text: Game 2[edit]

text:
Sunday, October 23, 2005 7:16 pm (CDT) at U.S. Cellular Field in Chicago, Illinois

Team
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
R
H
E

Houston
0
1
1
0
2
0
0
0
2
6
9
0

Chicago
0
2
0
0
0
0
4
0
1
7
12
0

WP: Neal Cotts (1–0)   LP: Brad Lidge (0–1)
Home runs:
HOU: Morgan Ensberg (1)
CWS: Paul Konerko (1), Scott Podsednik (1)

text: On a miserably cold (51 °F (11 °C)) and rainy evening, Morgan Ensberg's first-pitch home run off starter Mark Buehrle put the Astros on top in the second inning. The White Sox answered in the bottom of the second with two runs off Andy Pettitte on Joe Crede's RBI single with two on and Juan Uribe's sacrifice fly. Houston's Lance Berkman tied the game on a sacrifice fly in the third after a one-out triple, then hit a two-run double in the fifth to give the Astros a 4–2 lead. In the seventh, Dan Wheeler loaded the bases with a double by Juan Uribe, a walk to Tadahito Iguchi, and plate umpire Jeff Nelson's ruling that Jermaine Dye was hit by a pitched ball. The Astros brought in Chad Qualls, who promptly served up a grand slam to Paul Konerko on his first pitch, the 18th grand slam in the annals of the Fall Classic. In the top of the ninth, Sox closer Bobby Jenks blew the save on a game-tying pinch-hit single by José Vizcaíno. In the bottom of the ninth, Astros closer Brad Lidge gave up a one-out, walk-off home run—the 14th in Series history—to Scott Podsednik, giving Lidge his second loss in as many post-season appearances (his previous appearance was in Game 5 of 2005 National League Championship Series). Podsednik had not hit a single homer in the regular season, but this was his second of the post-season. This was the second time in World Series history where a grand slam and a walk-off home run were hit in the same game. The Oakland A's Jose Canseco (grand slam) and the Los Angeles Dodgers' Kirk Gibson (walk-off) in Game 1 of the 1988 World Series were the first to do it. Never before had a World Series grand slam and a World Series walk-off home run been hit by the same team in the same game.

text: Game 3[edit]

text:
Tuesday, October 25, 2005 7:39 pm (CDT) at Minute Maid Park in Houston, Texas

Team
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
R
H
E

Chicago
0
0
0
0
5
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
2
7
14
3

Houston
1
0
2
1
0
0
0
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
5
8
1

WP: Dámaso Marte (1–0)   LP: Ezequiel Astacio (0–1)   Sv: Mark Buehrle (1)
Home runs:
CWS: Joe Crede (2), Geoff Blum (1)
HOU: Jason Lane (1)

text: Game 3 was the first World Series game played in the state of Texas. Before the game, it was ruled by Commissioner Bud Selig that the retractable roof would be open at Minute Maid Park, weather permitting. The Astros objected, citing that their record in games with the roof closed was better than with the retractable roof open. Selig's office claimed that the ruling was based on the rules established by Houston and were consistent with how the Astros organization treated the situation all year long, as well as the weather forecasts for that period of time.

text: The game would become the longest World Series game in length of time (5 hours and 41 minutes) and tied for the longest in number of innings (14, tied with Game 2 of the 1916 World Series and Game 1 of the 2015 World Series). Houston struck early on a Lance Berkman single after a Craig Biggio lead-off double in the bottom of the first off Chicago starter Jon Garland. A White Sox rally was snuffed in the second inning; after Paul Konerko hit a leadoff double and A. J. Pierzynski walked, Aaron Rowand lined out into a double play. Houston scored in the third; Adam Everett walked, was caught in a rundown and got hit by the ball on a Juan Uribe throwing error, then scored on a Roy Oswalt sacrifice bunt and a Biggio single. Two batters later, Morgan Ensberg singled Biggio home. Jason Lane led off the Astros' fourth with a home run to left-center field. It was later shown in replays that the ball should not have been ruled a home run, hitting to the left of the yellow line on the unusual wall in left-center field.

text: The White Sox rallied in the top of the fifth, true to their "Win Or Die Trying" mantra of 2005, starting with a Joe Crede lead-off homer. Uribe, on first after hitting a single, scored on a Tadahito Iguchi base hit with one out, followed by Scott Podsednik coming home on a single by Jermaine Dye. Pierzynski hit a two-out double to Tal's Hill, driving in two runs, scoring Iguchi and Dye giving the Sox the lead. The Astros rallied in the last of the eighth with two outs when Lane's double scored Ensberg with the tying run after back-to-back walks by Ensberg and Mike Lamb, giving Dustin Hermanson a blown save. Houston tried to rally to win in the ninth, but stranded Chris Burke at third, after he had walked, reached second on an error and stolen third.

text: The Astros tried again in the 10th as well as in the 11th, but failed each time. In the top of the 14th, after the Sox hit into a spectacular double play started by Ensberg, Geoff Blum (a former Astro and the Astros' television color analyst as of 2015), who had entered the game in the 13th, homered to right with two outs off Ezequiel Astacio. Infield singles by Rowand and Crede were followed by walks to Uribe and Chris Widger. Trailing 7-5, Houston tried to rally with the tying runs on first and third and two outs after a Uribe error. Game 2 starter Mark Buehrle earned the save for winning pitcher Dámaso Marte when Everett popped out, bringing Chicago one game closer to its first championship in 88 years. Buehrle became the first pitcher to start a game in the Series and save the next one since Bob Turley of the Yankees in the 1958 World Series.

text: Many records were set or tied besides time and innings: The teams combined to use 17 pitchers (nine for the White Sox, eight for the Astros), throwing a total of 482 pitches, and walking 21 batters (a dozen by Chicago, nine by Houston); 43 players were used (the White Sox used 22 and the Astros used 21), and 30 men were left on base (15 for each team), all new high-water marks in Fall Classic history. Scott Podsednik set a new all-time record with eight official at-bats in this game. One tied record was total double plays, with six (four by the Astros, two by the White Sox).

text: Game 4[edit]

text:
Wednesday, October 26, 2005 7:41 pm (CDT) at Minute Maid Park in Houston, Texas

Team
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
R
H
E

Chicago
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
0
1
8
0

Houston
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
5
0

WP: Freddy García (1–0)   LP: Brad Lidge (0–2)   Sv: Bobby Jenks (2)

text: Before the game, Major League Baseball unveiled its Latino Legends Team.

text: The fourth game was the pitchers' duel that had been promised throughout the series. Both Houston starter Brandon Backe and Chicago starter Freddy García put zeros on the scoreboard through seven innings, the longest Series scoreless stretch since Game 7 of the 1991 World Series. Scott Podsednik had a two-out triple in the top of the third, but a Tadahito Iguchi groundout ended that threat. The Astros wasted a chance in the sixth, Jason Lane striking out with the bases loaded. The White Sox in the top of the seventh put runners at second and third, but shortstop Juan Uribe struck out to end the inning. Chicago broke through in the next inning against embattled Houston closer Brad Lidge. Willie Harris hit a pinch-hit single. Podsednik advanced him with a sacrifice bunt. Carl Everett pinch-hit for Iguchi and grounded out to the right side to allow Harris to move to third. Jermaine Dye, the Most Valuable Player of the series, had the game-winning single, driving in Harris.

text: Things got a little sticky for the Sox in the Astros half of the eighth when reliever Cliff Politte hit Willy Taveras, threw a wild pitch, sending Taveras to second, and walked Lance Berkman. After Morgan Ensberg flew out to center, the White Sox manager Ozzie Guillén brought in Neal Cotts to finish the inning. Cotts induced pinch-hitter José Vizcaíno into a ground out to Uribe. Bobby Jenks, the 24-year-old fireballer, started the ninth inning. He allowed a single to Jason Lane and a sacrifice bunt to Brad Ausmus. Chris Burke came in to pinch-hit; he fouled one off to the left side, but Uribe made an amazing catch in the stands to retire Burke.[3]

text: The game ended when Orlando Palmeiro grounded to Uribe. It was a bang-bang play as Paul Konerko caught the ball from Uribe at 11:01 pm CDT to begin the biggest celebration in Chicago since the sixth NBA championship by the Bulls, co-owned with the White Sox, in 1998. As a result, Jerry Reinsdorf, owner of both teams, had won seven championships overall.

text: This game would be the last playoff game for the Astros as a member of the NL, as they would move to the AL in 2013, and not appear in a playoff game until the 2015 American League Wild Card Game.

text: The last two Series games technically ended on the same day, Game 3 having concluded after midnight, Houston time.

text: The 1–0 shutout was the first game with a total of one run scored to end a World Series since the 1995 World Series, in which Game 6 was won by the Atlanta Braves over the Cleveland Indians, and the first 1–0 game in any Series game since Game 5 of the 1996 World Series when the New York Yankees shut-out the Braves in the last game ever played at Atlanta–Fulton County Stadium.

text: The 2005 White Sox joined the 1995 Atlanta Braves and 1999 New York Yankees as the only teams to win a World Series after losing no more than one game combined in the Division Series and Championship Series.

text: This was the second consecutive World Series to be won by a team that has the word "Sox" in its nickname, after the Boston Red Sox won the 2004 World Series against the St. Louis Cardinals. This also happened in 1917 and 1918. Furthermore, it was the second year in a row in which the Series champions broke a long-lived "curse." In one of those ways that patterns appear to emerge in sporting events, the White Sox World Series win in 2005, along with the Boston Red Sox win in 2004, symmetrically bookended the two teams' previous World Series winners and the long gaps between, with the Red Sox and White Sox last Series wins having come in 1918 and 1917, respectively.[4]

text: Series statistics[edit]

text: AL Chicago White Sox (4) vs. NL Houston Astros (0)

text:
Game
Date
Score
Location
Time
Attendance

1
October 22
Houston Astros – 3, Chicago White Sox – 5
U.S. Cellular Field
3:13
41,206[5]

2
October 23
Houston Astros – 6, Chicago White Sox – 7
U.S. Cellular Field
3:11
41,432[6]

3
October 25
Chicago White Sox – 7, Houston Astros – 5 (14 innings)
Minute Maid Park
5:41
42,848[7]

4
October 26
Chicago White Sox – 1, Houston Astros – 0
Minute Maid Park
3:20
42,936[8]

text: 2005 World Series (4–0): Chicago White Sox (A.L.) over Houston Astros (N.L.)

text:
Team
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
R
H
E

Chicago White Sox
1
4
0
1
5
0
4
2
1
0
0
0
0
2
20
44
3

Houston Astros
1
2
5
1
2
0
0
1
2
0
0
0
0
0
14
29
2

Total attendance: 168,422   Average attendance: 42,106
Winning player's share: $324,533   Losing player's share: $191,985[9]

text: Media[edit]

text: As per their contract, Fox Sports carried the World Series on United States television. Joe Buck provided play-by-play for his eighth World Series while analyst Tim McCarver worked his sixteenth.

text: ESPN Radio was the nationwide radio broadcaster, as it had been since 1998. Jon Miller and Joe Morgan provided the play-by-play and analysis.

text: Locally, KTRH-AM and WMVP were the primary carriers for the World Series in the Houston and Chicago markets. For KTRH long time Astros voice Milo Hamilton provided play-by-play while John Rooney called the games for the White Sox. Game 4 was Rooney's last call after seventeen years as the radio voice of the White Sox, as he left to take the same position with the St. Louis Cardinals. The Cardinals proceeded to win the 2006 World Series, making Rooney the first home announcer to call back-to-back World Series wins for two different teams. That the teams were in two different leagues makes the feat even more unusual.

text: Ratings[edit]

text: The ratings for the 2005 World Series were considered weak.

text: With an overall average of 11.1, 2005 set a record for the lowest rated World Series of all-time. The prior lowest was 11.9, set by the 2002 World Series between the San Francisco Giants and the Anaheim Angels (importantly, this series went 7 games, and the 2005 Series went 4).

text: Following the 2005 World Series, however, every subsequent Series through 2013 except for 2009 produced lower ratings. The record-low 2012 World Series, another four-game sweep, averaged 7.6 (3.5 points lower than 2005's rating) and 12.7 million viewers (4.4 million fewer viewers than 2005).[10]

text:
Game
Ratings
(households)
Share
(households)
American audience
(in millions)

1
9.5
17
15.0

2
11.1
17
17.19

3
11.0
21
16.65

4
13.0
21
19.98

text: Aftermath[edit]

text: Neither team advanced to the post-season in 2006, but the 2006 World Series again featured teams from the American League Central and National League Central divisions, this time represented by the Detroit Tigers and the St. Louis Cardinals, respectively. The Cardinals won the World Series in five games, in which manager Tony La Russa became the second manager to win the World Series in both American and National leagues, previously managing the Oakland Athletics to the 1989 World Series championship. Both the White Sox and the Astros were in the Wild Card race until the final weeks of the season, with the White Sox finishing with 90 wins, the Astros with 82 wins. The White Sox made their first post-2005 playoff appearance in 2008, while the Astros would not return to the postseason until 2015, their third season as an American League team and would not return to the World Series until 2017, their fifth season as an American League team.

text: This was the city of Chicago's first professional sports championship since the Chicago Fire won MLS Cup '98 (which came four months after the Chicago Bulls' sixth NBA championship that year). The next major Chicago sports championship came in 2010, when the NHL's Chicago Blackhawks ended a 49-year Stanley Cup title drought. With the Chicago Bears' win in Super Bowl XX and the Chicago Cubs' own World Series championship in 2016, all Chicago sports teams have won at least one major championship since 1985. Meanwhile, the Astros themselves made it back to the World Series in 2017, but this time as an AL team, where they defeated the Los Angeles Dodgers in seven games, resulting in Houston's first professional sports championship since the 2006–07 Houston Dynamo won their back-to-back MLS Championships.

text: Notes[edit]

text:
Jump up ^ "2005 World Series". Baseball-Reference. Retrieved January 6, 2014.
Jump up ^ "ESPN – Big Hurt is far from forgotten – MLB". Sports.espn.go.com. 2005-10-19. Retrieved 2010-08-29.
Jump up ^ Singer, Tom (October 27, 2005). "No fear: Uribe goes head over heels". MLB. Retrieved September 30, 2009.
Jump up ^ "White Sox end 88-year drought, sweep Astros to win World Series". ESPN. 26 October 2005. Retrieved 17 April 2014.
Jump up ^ "2005 World Series Game 1 – Houston Astros vs. Chicago White Sox". Retrosheet. Retrieved September 13, 2009.
Jump up ^ "2005 World Series Game 2 – Houston Astros vs. Chicago White Sox". Retrosheet. Retrieved September 13, 2009.
Jump up ^ "2005 World Series Game 3 – Chicago White Sox vs. Houston Astros". Retrosheet. Retrieved September 13, 2009.
Jump up ^ "2005 World Series Game 4 – Chicago White Sox vs. Houston Astros". Retrosheet. Retrieved September 13, 2009.
Jump up ^ "World Series Gate Receipts and Player Shares". Baseball Almanac. Archived from the original on May 2, 2009. Retrieved June 14, 2009.
Jump up ^ World Series television ratings