document_title: Human skin

question_text: the outer layer of the skin that contains no blood or nerve supply is the

text: Human skin

text: Structure[edit]

text: Skin has mesodermal cells, pigmentation, such as melanin provided by melanocytes, which absorb some of the potentially dangerous ultraviolet radiation (UV) in sunlight. It also contains DNA repair enzymes that help reverse UV damage, such that people lacking the genes for these enzymes suffer high rates of skin cancer. One form predominantly produced by UV light, malignant melanoma, is particularly invasive, causing it to spread quickly, and can often be deadly. Human skin pigmentation varies among populations in a striking manner. This has led to the classification of people(s) on the basis of skin color.[9]

text: The skin is the largest organ in the human body. For the average adult human, the skin has a surface area of between 1.5-2.0 square meters (16.1-21.5 sq ft.). The thickness of the skin varies considerably over all parts of the body, and between men and women and the young and the old. An example is the skin on the forearm which is on average 1.3 mm in the male and 1.26 mm in the female.[10] The average square inch (6.5 cm²) of skin holds 650 sweat glands, 20 blood vessels, 60,000 melanocytes, and more than 1,000 nerve endings.[11][better source needed] The average human skin cell is about 30 micrometers in diameter, but there are variants. A skin cell usually ranges from 25-40 micrometers (squared), depending on a variety of factors.

text: Skin is composed of three primary layers: the epidermis, the dermis and the hypodermis.[10]

text: Epidermis[edit]

text: Epidermis, "epi" coming from the Greek meaning "over" or "upon", is the outermost layer of the skin. It forms the waterproof, protective wrap over the body's surface which also serves as a barrier to infection and is made up of stratified squamous epithelium with an underlying basal lamina.

text: The epidermis contains no blood vessels, and cells in the deepest layers are nourished almost exclusively by diffused oxygen from the surrounding air[12] and to a far lesser degree by blood capillaries extending to the outer layers of the dermis. The main type of cells which make up the epidermis are Merkel cells, keratinocytes, with melanocytes and Langerhans cells also present. The epidermis can be further subdivided into the following strata (beginning with the outermost layer): corneum, lucidum (only in palms of hands and bottoms of feet), granulosum, spinosum, basale. Cells are formed through mitosis at the basale layer. The daughter cells (see cell division) move up the strata changing shape and composition as they die due to isolation from their blood source. The cytoplasm is released and the protein keratin is inserted. They eventually reach the corneum and slough off (desquamation). This process is called "keratinization". This keratinized layer of skin is responsible for keeping water in the body and keeping other harmful chemicals and pathogens out, making skin a natural barrier to infection.

text: Components[edit]

text: The epidermis contains no blood vessels, and is nourished by diffusion from the dermis. The main type of cells which make up the epidermis are keratinocytes, melanocytes, Langerhans cells and Merkel cells. The epidermis helps the skin to regulate body temperature.

text: Layers[edit]

text: Epidermis is divided into several layers where cells are formed through mitosis at the innermost layers. They move up the strata changing shape and composition as they differentiate and become filled with keratin. They eventually reach the top layer called stratum corneum and are sloughed off, or desquamated. This process is called keratinization and takes place within weeks. The outermost layer of the epidermis consists of 25 to 30 layers of dead cells.

text: Sublayers[edit]

text: Epidermis is divided into the following 5 sublayers or strata:

text:
Stratum corneum
Stratum lucidum
Stratum granulosum
Stratum spinosum
Stratum germinativum (also called "stratum basale").

text: Blood capillaries are found beneath the epidermis, and are linked to an arteriole and a venule. Arterial shunt vessels may bypass the network in ears, the nose and fingertips.

text: Genes and proteins expressed in the epidermis[edit]

text: About 70% of all human protein-coding genes are expressed in the skin.[13][14] Almost 500 genes have an elevated pattern of expression in the skin. There are less than 100 genes that are specific for the skin and these are expressed in the epidermis.[15] An analysis of the corresponding proteins show that these are mainly expressed in keratinocytes and have functions related to squamous differentiation and cornification.

text: Dermis[edit]

text: The dermis is the layer of skin beneath the epidermis that consists of connective tissue and cushions the body from stress and strain. The dermis is tightly connected to the epidermis by a basement membrane. It also harbors many nerve endings that provide the sense of touch and heat. It contains the hair follicles, sweat glands, sebaceous glands, apocrine glands, lymphatic vessels and blood vessels. The blood vessels in the dermis provide nourishment and waste removal from its own cells as well as from the Stratum basale of the epidermis.

text: The dermis is structurally divided into two areas: a superficial area adjacent to the epidermis, called the papillary region, and a deep thicker area known as the reticular region.

text: Papillary region[edit]

text: The papillary region is composed of loose areolar connective tissue. It is named for its fingerlike projections called papillae, that extend toward the epidermis. The papillae provide the dermis with a "bumpy" surface that interdigitates with the epidermis, strengthening the connection between the two layers of skin.

text: In the palms, fingers, soles, and toes, the influence of the papillae projecting into the epidermis forms contours in the skin's surface. These epidermal ridges occur in patterns (see: fingerprint) that are genetically and epigenetically determined and are therefore unique to the individual, making it possible to use fingerprints or footprints as a means of identification.

text: Reticular region[edit]

text: The reticular region lies deep in the papillary region and is usually much thicker. It is composed of dense irregular connective tissue, and receives its name from the dense concentration of collagenous, elastic, and reticular fibers that weave throughout it. These protein fibers give the dermis its properties of strength, extensibility, and elasticity.

text: Also located within the reticular region are the roots of the hairs, sebaceous glands, sweat glands, receptors, nails, and blood vessels.

text: Tattoo ink is held in the dermis. Stretch marks often from pregnancy and obesity, are also located in the dermis.

text: Subcutaneous tissue[edit]

text: The subcutaneous tissue (also hypodermis and subcutis) is not part of the skin, and lies below the dermis of the cutis. Its purpose is to attach the skin to underlying bone and muscle as well as supplying it with blood vessels and nerves. It consists of loose connective tissue, adipose tissue and elastin. The main cell types are fibroblasts, macrophages and adipocytes (subcutaneous tissue contains 50% of body fat). Fat serves as padding and insulation for the body.

text: Cross-section[edit]

text: Development[edit]

text: Skin color[edit]

text: Human skin shows high skin color variety from the darkest brown to the lightest pinkish-white hues. Human skin shows higher variation in color than any other single mammalian species and is the result of natural selection. Skin pigmentation in humans evolved to primarily regulate the amount of ultraviolet radiation (UVR) penetrating the skin, controlling its biochemical effects.[16]

text: The actual skin color of different humans is affected by many substances, although the single most important substance determining human skin color is the pigment melanin. Melanin is produced within the skin in cells called melanocytes and it is the main determinant of the skin color of darker-skinned humans. The skin color of people with light skin is determined mainly by the bluish-white connective tissue under the dermis and by the hemoglobin circulating in the veins of the dermis. The red color underlying the skin becomes more visible, especially in the face, when, as consequence of physical exercise or the stimulation of the nervous system (anger, fear), arterioles dilate.[17]

text: There are at least five different pigments that determine the color of the skin.[18][19] These pigments are present at different levels and places.

text:
Melanin: It is brown in color and present in the basal layer of the epidermis.
Melanoid: It resembles melanin but is present diffusely throughout the epidermis.
Carotene: This pigment is yellow to orange in color. It is present in the stratum corneum and fat cells of dermis and superficial fascia.
Hemoglobin (also spelled haemoglobin): It is found in blood and is not a pigment of the skin but develops a purple color.
Oxyhemoglobin: It is also found in blood and is not a pigment of the skin. It develops a red color.

text: There is a correlation between the geographic distribution of UV radiation (UVR) and the distribution of indigenous skin pigmentation around the world. Areas that highlight higher amounts of UVR reflect darker-skinned populations, generally located nearer towards the equator. Areas that are far from the tropics and closer to the poles have lower concentration of UVR, which is reflected in lighter-skinned populations.[20]

text: In the same population it has been observed that adult human females are considerably lighter in skin pigmentation than males. Females need more calcium during pregnancy and lactation, and vitamin D which is synthesized from sunlight helps in absorbing calcium. For this reason it is thought that females may have evolved to have lighter skin in order to help their bodies absorb more calcium.[21]

text: The Fitzpatrick scale[22][23] is a numerical classification schema for human skin color developed in 1975 as a way to classify the typical response of different types of skin to ultraviolet (UV) light:

text:
I
Always burns, never tans
Pale, Fair, Freckles

II
Usually burns, sometimes tans
Fair

III
May burn, usually tans
Light Brown

IV
Rarely burns, always tans
Olive brown

V
Moderate constitutional pigmentation
Brown

VI
Marked constitutional pigmentation
Black

text: Aging[edit]

text: As skin ages, it becomes thinner and more easily damaged. Intensifying this effect is the decreasing ability of skin to heal itself as a person ages.

text: Among other things, skin aging is noted by a decrease in volume and elasticity. There are many internal and external causes to skin aging. For example, aging skin receives less blood flow and lower glandular activity.

text: A validated comprehensive grading scale has categorized the clinical findings of skin aging as laxity (sagging), rhytids (wrinkles), and the various facets of photoaging, including erythema (redness), and telangiectasia, dyspigmentation (brown discoloration), solar elastosis (yellowing), keratoses (abnormal growths) and poor texture.[24]

text: Cortisol causes degradation of collagen,[25] accelerating skin aging.[26]

text: Anti-aging supplements are used to treat skin aging.

text: Photoaging[edit]

text: Photoaging has two main concerns: an increased risk for skin cancer and the appearance of damaged skin. In younger skin, sun damage will heal faster since the cells in the epidermis have a faster turnover rate, while in the older population the skin becomes thinner and the epidermis turnover rate for cell repair is lower which may result in the dermis layer being damaged.[27]

text: Functions[edit]

text: Skin performs the following functions:

text:
Protection: an anatomical barrier from pathogens and damage between the internal and external environment in bodily defense; Langerhans cells in the skin are part of the adaptive immune system.[5][6] Perspiration contains lysozyme that break the bonds within the cell walls of bacteria.[28]
Sensation: contains a variety of nerve endings that react to heat and cold, touch, pressure, vibration, and tissue injury; see somatosensory system and haptics.
Heat regulation: the skin contains a blood supply far greater than its requirements which allows precise control of energy loss by radiation, convection and conduction. Dilated blood vessels increase perfusion and heatloss, while constricted vessels greatly reduce cutaneous blood flow and conserve heat.
Control of evaporation: the skin provides a relatively dry and semi-impermeable barrier to fluid loss.[6] Loss of this function contributes to the massive fluid loss in burns.
Aesthetics and communication: others see our skin and can assess our mood, physical state and attractiveness.
Storage and synthesis: acts as a storage center for lipids and water, as well as a means of synthesis of vitamin D by action of UV on certain parts of the skin.
Excretion: sweat contains urea, however its concentration is 1/130th that of urine, hence excretion by sweating is at most a secondary function to temperature regulation.
Absorption: the cells comprising the outermost 0.25–0.40 mm of the skin are "almost exclusively supplied by external oxygen", although the "contribution to total respiration is negligible".[12] In addition, medicine can be administered through the skin, by ointments or by means of adhesive patch, such as the nicotine patch or iontophoresis. The skin is an important site of transport in many other organisms.
Water resistance: The skin acts as a water-resistant barrier so essential nutrients are not washed out of the body.

tag: ol

text: Skin flora[edit]

text: The human skin is a rich environment for microbes.[7][8] Around 1000 species of bacteria from 19 bacterial phyla have been found. Most come from only four phyla: Actinobacteria (51.8%), Firmicutes (24.4%), Proteobacteria (16.5%), and Bacteroidetes (6.3%). Propionibacteria and Staphylococci species were the main species in sebaceous areas. There are three main ecological areas: moist, dry and sebaceous. In moist places on the body Corynebacteria together with Staphylococci dominate. In dry areas, there is a mixture of species but dominated by b-Proteobacteria and Flavobacteriales. Ecologically, sebaceous areas had greater species richness than moist and dry ones. The areas with least similarity between people in species were the spaces between fingers, the spaces between toes, axillae, and umbilical cord stump. Most similarly were beside the nostril, nares (inside the nostril), and on the back.

text: Reflecting upon the diversity of the human skin researchers on the human skin microbiome have observed: "hairy, moist underarms lie a short distance from smooth dry forearms, but these two niches are likely as ecologically dissimilar as rainforests are to deserts."[7]

text: The NIH has launched the Human Microbiome Project to characterize the human microbiota which includes that on the skin and the role of this microbiome in health and disease.[29]

text: Microorganisms like Staphylococcus epidermidis colonize the skin surface. The density of skin flora depends on region of the skin. The disinfected skin surface gets recolonized from bacteria residing in the deeper areas of the hair follicle, gut and urogenital openings.

text: Clinical significance[edit]

text: Diseases of the skin include skin infections and skin neoplasms (including skin cancer).

text: Dermatology is the branch of medicine that deals with conditions of the skin.[4]

text: Society and culture[edit]

text: Hygiene and skin care[edit]

text: The skin supports its own ecosystems of microorganisms, including yeasts and bacteria, which cannot be removed by any amount of cleaning. Estimates place the number of individual bacteria on the surface of one square inch (6.5 square cm) of human skin at 50 million, though this figure varies greatly over the average 20 square feet (1.9 m2) of human skin. Oily surfaces, such as the face, may contain over 500 million bacteria per square inch (6.5 cm²). Despite these vast quantities, all of the bacteria found on the skin's surface would fit into a volume the size of a pea.[30] In general, the microorganisms keep one another in check and are part of a healthy skin. When the balance is disturbed, there may be an overgrowth and infection, such as when antibiotics kill microbes, resulting in an overgrowth of yeast. The skin is continuous with the inner epithelial lining of the body at the orifices, each of which supports its own complement of microbes.

text: Cosmetics should be used carefully on the skin because these may cause allergic reactions. Each season requires suitable clothing in order to facilitate the evaporation of the sweat. Sunlight, water and air play an important role in keeping the skin healthy.

text: Oily skin[edit]

text: Oily skin is caused by over-active sebaceous glands, that produce a substance called sebum, a naturally healthy skin lubricant.[1] When the skin produces excessive sebum, it becomes heavy and thick in texture. Oily skin is typified by shininess, blemishes and pimples.[1] The oily-skin type is not necessarily bad, since such skin is less prone to wrinkling, or other signs of aging,[1] because the oil helps to keep needed moisture locked into the epidermis (outermost layer of skin).

text: The negative aspect of the oily-skin type is that oily complexions are especially susceptible to clogged pores, blackheads, and buildup of dead skin cells on the surface of the skin.[1] Oily skin can be sallow and rough in texture and tends to have large, clearly visible pores everywhere, except around the eyes and neck.[1]

text: Permeability[edit]

text: Human skin has a low permeability; that is, most foreign substances are unable to penetrate and diffuse through the skin. Skin's outermost layer, the stratum corneum, is an effective barrier to most inorganic nanosized particles.[31][32] This protects the body from external particles such as toxins by not allowing them to come into contact with internal tissues. However, in some cases it is desirable to allow particles entry to the body through the skin. Potential medical applications of such particle transfer has prompted developments in nanomedicine and biology to increase skin permeability. One application of transcutaneous particle delivery could be to locate and treat cancer. Nanomedical researchers seek to target the epidermis and other layers of active cell division where nanoparticles can interact directly with cells that have lost their growth-control mechanisms (cancer cells). Such direct interaction could be used to more accurately diagnose properties of specific tumors or to treat them by delivering drugs with cellular specificity.

text: Nanoparticles[edit]

text: Nanoparticles 40 nm in diameter and smaller have been successful in penetrating the skin.[33][34][35] Research confirms that nanoparticles larger than 40 nm do not penetrate the skin past the stratum corneum.[33] Most particles that do penetrate will diffuse through skin cells, but some will travel down hair follicles and reach the dermis layer.

text: The permeability of skin relative to different shapes of nanoparticles has also been studied. Research has shown that spherical particles have a better ability to penetrate the skin compared to oblong (ellipsoidal) particles because spheres are symmetric in all three spatial dimensions.[35] One study compared the two shapes and recorded data that showed spherical particles located deep in the epidermis and dermis whereas ellipsoidal particles were mainly found in the stratum corneum and epidermal layers.[36] Nanorods are used in experiments because of their unique fluorescent properties but have shown mediocre penetration.

text: Nanoparticles of different materials have shown skin’s permeability limitations. In many experiments, gold nanoparticles 40 nm in diameter or smaller are used and have shown to penetrate to the epidermis. Titanium oxide (TiO2), zinc oxide (ZnO), and silver nanoparticles are ineffective in penetrating the skin past the stratum corneum.[37][38] Cadmium selenide (CdSe) quantum dots have proven to penetrate very effectively when they have certain properties. Because CdSe is toxic to living organisms, the particle must be covered in a surface group. An experiment comparing the permeability of quantum dots coated in polyethylene glycol (PEG), PEG-amine, and carboxylic acid concluded the PEG and PEG-amine surface groups allowed for the greatest penetration of particles. The carboxylic acid coated particles did not penetrate past the stratum corneum.[36]

text: Increasing permeability[edit]

text: Scientists previously believed that the skin was an effective barrier to inorganic particles. Damage from mechanical stressors was believed to be the only way to increase its permeability.[39] Recently, however, simpler and more effective methods for increasing skin permeability have been developed. For example, ultraviolet radiation (UVR) has been used to slightly damage the surface of skin, causing a time-dependent defect allowing easier penetration of nanoparticles.[40] The UVR’s high energy causes a restructuring of cells, weakening the boundary between the stratum corneum and the epidermal layer.[40][41] The damage of the skin is typically measured by the transepidermal water loss (TEWL), though it may take 3–5 days for the TEWL to reach its peak value. When the TEWL reaches its highest value, the maximum density of nanoparticles is able to permeate the skin. Studies confirm that UVR damaged skin significantly increases the permeability.[40][41] The effects of increased permeability after UVR exposure can lead to an increase in the number of particles that permeate the skin. However, the specific permeability of skin after UVR exposure relative to particles of different sizes and materials has not been determined.[40]

text: Other skin damaging methods used to increase nanoparticle penetration include tape stripping, skin abrasion, and chemical enhancement. Tape stripping is the process in which tape is applied to skin then lifted to remove the top layer of skin. Skin abrasion is done by shaving the top 5-10 micrometers off the surface of the skin. Chemical enhancement is the process in which chemicals such as polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP), dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO), and oleic acid are applied to the surface of the skin to increase permeability.[42][43]

text: Electroporation is the application of short pulses of electric fields on skin and has proven to increase skin permeability. The pulses are high voltage and on the order of milliseconds when applied. Charged molecules penetrate the skin more frequently than neutral molecules after the skin has been exposed to electric field pulses. Results have shown molecules on the order of 100 micrometers to easily permeate electroporated skin.[43]

text: Applications[edit]

text: A large area of interest in nanomedicine is the transdermal patch because of the possibility of a painless application of therapeutic agents with very few side effects. Transdermal patches have been limited to administer a small number of drugs, such as nicotine, because of the limitations in permeability of the skin. Development of techniques that increase skin permeability has led to more drugs that can be applied via transdermal patches and more options for patients.[43]

text: Increasing the permeability of skin allows nanoparticles to penetrate and target cancer cells. Nanoparticles along with multi-modal imaging techniques have been used as a way to diagnose cancer non-invasively. Skin with high permeability allowed quantum dots with an antibody attached to the surface for active targeting to successfully penetrate and identify cancerous tumors in mice. Tumor targeting is beneficial because the particles can be excited using fluorescence microscopy and emit light energy and heat that will destroy cancer cells.[44]

text: Sunblock and sunscreen[edit]

text: Sunblock and sunscreen are different important skin-care products though both offer full protection from the sun.[45][46]

text: Sunblock—Sunblock is opaque and stronger than sunscreen, since it is able to block most of the UVA/UVB rays and radiation from the sun, and does not need to be reapplied several times in a day. Titanium dioxide and zinc oxide are two of the important ingredients in sunblock.[47]

text: Sunscreen—Sunscreen is more transparent once applied to the skin and also has the ability to protect against UVA/UVB rays, although the sunscreen's ingredients have the ability to break down at a faster rate once exposed to sunlight, and some of the radiation is able to penetrate to the skin. In order for sunscreen to be more effective it is necessary to consistently reapply and use one with a higher sun protection factor.

text: Diet[edit]

text: Vitamin A, also known as retinoids, benefits the skin by normalizing keratinization, downregulating sebum production which contributes to acne, and reversing and treating photodamage, striae, and cellulite.

text: Vitamin D and analogs are used to downregulate the cutaneous immune system and epithelial proliferation while promoting differentiation.

text: Vitamin C is an antioxidant that regulates collagen synthesis, forms barrier lipids, regenerates vitamin E, and provides photoprotection.

text: Vitamin E is a membrane antioxidant that protects against oxidative damage and also provides protection against harmful UV rays. [48]

text: Several scientific studies confirmed that changes in baseline nutritional status affects skin condition. [49]

text: The Mayo Clinic lists foods they state help the skin: fruits and vegetables, whole-grains, dark leafy greens, nuts, and seeds.[50]


document_title: Geordie Shore (series 12)

question_text: what episode does marnie come back in geordie shore

root

text: Geordie Shore (series 12)

text: Cast[edit]

text:
Aaron Chalmers
Chantelle Connelly
Charlotte-Letitia Crosby
Chloe Ferry
Gary Beadle
Holly Hagan
Marnie Simpson
Marty McKenna
Nathan Henry
Scott Timlin

tag: ul

text: Duration of cast[edit]

text:
Cast members
Series 12

1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8

Aaron

Chantelle

Charlotte

Chloe

Gaz

Holly

Marnie

Marty

Nathan

Scott

tag: table

text: Notes[edit]

text: Episodes[edit]

text:
No. in
series
No. in
season
Title
Original air date
Duration
UK viewers[4]

89
1
"Episode 1"
15 March 2016 (15 March 2016)
60 minutes
1,202,000

90
2
"Episode 2"
22 March 2016 (22 March 2016)
60 minutes
1,158,000

91
3
"Episode 3"
29 March 2016 (29 March 2016)
60 minutes
1,250,000

92
4
"Episode 4"
5 April 2016 (5 April 2016)
60 minutes
1,303,000

93
5
"Episode 5"
12 April 2016 (12 April 2016)
60 minutes
1,217,000

94
6
"Episode 6"
19 April 2016 (19 April 2016)
60 minutes
1,367,000

95
7
"Episode 7"
26 April 2016 (26 April 2016)
60 minutes
1,220,000

96
8
"Episode 8"
3 May 2016 (3 May 2016)
60 minutes
1,183,000

text: Ratings[edit]

text:
Episode
Date
Official MTV rating[5]
MTV weekly rank[5]
Official MTV+1 rating[5]
Total MTV viewers

Episode 1
15 March 2016
1,172,000
1
30,000
1,202,000

Episode 2
22 March 2016
1,112,000
1
46,000
1,158,000

Episode 3
29 March 2016
1,209,000
1
41,000
1,250,000

Episode 4
5 April 2016
1,286,000
1
17,000
1,303,000

Episode 5
12 April 2016
1,173,000
1
44,000
1,217,000

Episode 6
19 April 2016
1,339,000
1
28,000
1,367,000

Episode 7
26 April 2016
1,201,000
1
19,000
1,220,000

Episode 8
3 May 2016
1,139,000
1
44,000
1,183,000


document_title: List of Good Witch episodes

question_text: how many episodes in season 3 of good witch

text: List of Good Witch episodes

text: Series overview[edit]

text:
Season
Episodes
Originally aired

First aired
Last aired

1
8
February 28, 2015 (2015-02-28)
April 18, 2015 (2015-04-18)

Halloween/Something Wicked
October 24, 2015 (2015-10-24)

2
10
April 17, 2016 (2016-04-17)
June 19, 2016 (2016-06-19)

Secrets of Grey House
October 22, 2016 (2016-10-22)

3
10
April 30, 2017 (2017-04-30)
July 2, 2017 (2017-07-02)

Spellbound
October 22, 2017 (2017-10-22)

4
TBA
April 29, 2018 (2018-04-29)
TBA

text: Episodes[edit]

text: Season 1 (2015)[edit]

text:
No.
overall
No. in
season
Title
Directed by
Written by
Length
Original air date
Prod.
code
U.S. viewers
(millions)

1
1
"Starting Over...Again"
Craig Pryce
Story by : Sue Tenney
Teleplay by : Bruce Graham
120 minutes
February 28, 2015 (2015-02-28)
1001
2.91[4]

After the death of her husband, Cassie Nightingale and her family find themselves caring for her ailing father-in-law. Moving in next door are the Radfords, Sam and Nick. Sam, the town's new doctor, has difficulty getting patients, as the town goes to Cassie's store for her more earthly herbal remedies.

2
2
"Running Scared"
Laurie Lynd
Story by : Sue Tenney
Teleplay by : Bruce Graham
60 minutes
March 7, 2015 (2015-03-07)
1002
2.01[5]

Ashley, a troubled young woman, shows up at Grey House looking for a place to stay. Next door, after Nick's trouble at school, Sam attempts to discipline him without pushing him away. After being caught between them, Grace tries to avoid Nick, but soon finds herself a pawn in another one of his lies now involving her best friend Anthony. Using intuition and some of Cassie's advice, Grace plans to expose Nick's lie to Sam, who must finally improve his family's relationship. Meanwhile, Middleton prepares for the annual Heritage Festival, including a 10K race and grand ball, and bistro owner Stephanie hopes to spark a romantic connection and a date to the dance with Sam. Then, as a suspicious Brandon is eager to investigate Ashley's background, one of Cassie's coincidences draws Ashley and Derek together. A stranger then comes to Cassie claiming to know Ashley and reveals a long-kept secret. Cassie is caught in Ashley's lies and Middleton's new mystery.

3
3
"Do The Right Thing"
Laurie Lynd
Story by : Sue Tenney
Teleplay by : Bruce Graham
60 minutes
March 14, 2015 (2015-03-14)
1003
1.99[6]

The Middleton police attempt to track down a missing Ashley, but it is Cassie who might know where to find her and how to change her direction. Meanwhile, the town is excited about the Heritage Ball at the Grey House, but a confrontation on the dance floor arises when Ryan's ex-fiancée shows up.

4
4
"All In The Family"
Craig Pryce
Story by : Sue Tenney
Teleplay by : Bruce Graham
60 minutes
March 21, 2015 (2015-03-21)
1004
1.95[7]

Cassie's cousin Abigail arrives in Middleton. Sam hires her to be his receptionist, despite Stephanie wanting the job to get closer to him. Abigail also influences Grace's rebelliousness, often taking her side on several issues with Cassie, who states being the only one left to set limits for Grace. Anthony and Grace plan to team up on a history project, but she later disappears.

5
5
"The Truth About Lies"
Craig Pryce
Story by : Sue Tenney
Teleplay by : Bruce Graham
60 minutes
March 28, 2015 (2015-03-28)
1005
2.16[8]

Grace returns home, accompanied by Nick, who escorted her, and lies about being at the library. Martha plans to re-develop Middleton, in order to improve her chances of running for governor. However, Ryan decides to take his business to Blairsville. Abigail offers to help Sam cook dinner for his date with Stephanie, but, when Abigail doesn't show, Cassie saves his dinner plans. Lori researches Abigail's past to learn she was being truthful about her life in New York City. Sam and Nick begin working on their damaged relationship.

6
6
"The Storm"
Don McBrearty
Story by : Sue Tenney
Teleplay by : Bruce Graham
60 minutes
April 4, 2015 (2015-04-04)
1006
1.81[9]

When a blizzard threatens disaster in Middleton, Cassie must convince Sam to follow her intuition in order to help a young couple survive the storm. Brandon becomes involved in a crash and Abigail helps Stephanie after she takes a fall inside the Bistro. Grace, Anthony, & Nick get trapped inside the library.

7
7
"Together We Stand..."
Don McBrearty
Story by : Sue Tenney
Teleplay by : Bruce Graham
60 minutes
April 11, 2015 (2015-04-11)
1007
1.92[10]

The storm continues to threaten the lives of the people in Middleton. Cassie and Sam work together to save a young man's life. Anthony, Grace, & Nick continue to wait out the storm in the library. Derek later takes them home. Nick's mother, Linda, arrives at Grey House.

8
8
"True Colors"
Craig Pryce
Story by : Sue Tenney
Teleplay by : Bruce Graham
120 minutes
April 18, 2015 (2015-04-18)
1008
2.25[11]

Cassie receives a letter that her shop could be shut down after a greedy developer bought her building; Ryan could be to blame. Next door, Sam confronts his ex-wife Linda (Gabrielle Miller) as she threatens to sue for custody of Nick. Struggling to do what's best for Nick, Sam looks for Cassie's guidance, leading them to find comfort in each other's company. Likewise, Nick talks to Grace about his parents' stalemate, and her own insight helps her to see what Nick might not be ready to admit. Then, Brandon's wife Tara (Ashley Leggat) returns to Middleton, and the two must decide how to move forward in their marriage. When Tara surprises him with an overseas opportunity, Brandon is torn between needing to be with his wife and honoring his late father's wishes to look after a distraught Cassie possibly losing the shop. However, Cassie conjures up a plan to bring the two back together, and when a guilty Ryan attempts to save the Bell, Book, & Candle, he finds that her charm has always been at work. As Cassie considers the future of their romance, she finds her feelings for Sam turning into more than friendship, just as Grace and Martha conspire to bring all of Middleton together in hopes of saving the Bell, Book, & Candle.

text: Special (2015)[edit]

text:
No.
Title
Directed by
Written by
Length
Original air date
Prod.
code
U.S. viewers
(millions)

9
"Good Witch Halloween"
"Something Wicked"[12]
Craig Pryce
Sue Tenney & Amy Palmer Robertson
120 minutes
October 24, 2015 (2015-10-24)
2000
2.68[13]

As Middleton prepares for its annual Halloween Fall Festival, Cassie's neighbor Sam volunteers to set up a hay maze for it, hoping to bond with his son Nick. While Cassie tries to bring them closer together, she struggles to get her own family – daughter Grace, step-children Brandon and Lori and cousin Abigail – together to transform the Grey House into the town's most popular haunted attraction, under the watchful eye of Mayor Martha. Abigail is too busy campaigning against Stephanie in a heated competition for festival queen. Grace is being bullied at school as rumors circulate that she is a witch, prompting her to beg Cassie to put an end to their annual tradition. As Cassie welcomes a secretive stranger, Joseph, to the Grey House, she soon finds her intuition is no match for whatever is causing trouble for her family. While Brandon and Lori investigate Joseph's past, Cassie discovers a deeper connection that could put the whole community in danger.

text: Season 2 (2016)[edit]

text:
No.
overall
No. in
season
Title
Directed by
Written by
Original air date
Prod.
code
U.S. viewers
(millions)

10
1
"Second Time Around"
Craig Pryce
Sue Tenney
April 17, 2016 (2016-04-17)
2001
2.19[14]

Cassie and Sam seem ready to move their relationship forward, but Sam's ex-wife, Linda (Gabrielle Miller), wishes to repair their fractured family for Nick's sake. Grace is nervous about her first driving test. She searches for the perfect teacher to help ace her test. Cassie hangs a help-wanted sign at Bell, Book & Candle. At the Bistro, Abigail approaches Stephanie with a business proposition, before scheming a startling betrayal. A seemingly happy couple arrives at Grey House to celebrate their upcoming nuptials, but Cassie sees beyond their façade, which leads to a confession. Elsewhere, Tara and Brandon have a difference of opinion on an important milestone, which could affect their future; and an intriguing visitor from Cassie's past arrives in Middleton.

11
2
"Driven"
Craig Pryce
Sue Tenney
April 24, 2016 (2016-04-24)
2002
1.96[15]

Cassie is surprised to learn her old college friend John (Dan Payne) has arrived in Middleton for a teaching job, but, as they reminisce, it seems John may have an ulterior motive behind his move to town. Meanwhile, Grace believes that Sam is the perfect person to help her master her driving skills before the road test. However, manipulative Linda is determined to keep Cassie and her family away, considering them as competition for Sam's attention. Cassie plans a fresh and honest start for her heartbroken Grey House guests, before helping her new shop assistant to follow her true passion. As Brandon and Tara come to an impasse after their pregnancy false alarm, Martha is forced to go silent to cure her laryngitis, which may be a gift unto itself. Abigail charms her way into a surprising solo business plan, as Stephanie is angry until she discovers the truth behind Abigail's betrayal. Lastly, just as Sam stands up to Linda to keep Cassie in his life, Cassie's rekindled friendship with John appears to head down a romantic path.

12
3
"Out of the Past"
Cal Coons
Sue Tenney & Jed Seidel
May 1, 2016 (2016-05-01)
2003
1.97[16]

Cassie is unnerved when John looks in her past, just as Ryan returns to Middleton with unfinished business. While Cassie attempts to keep both men from hindering her friendship with Sam, he still contends with Linda about what's best for Nick, who starts to see cracks in his parents' forced truce. Meanwhile, Grace postpones her driving test before her last road lesson, prompting Sam to question her motives. Abigail's new flower shop flourishes, despite her noticeable hands-off approach. When Abigail's overworked assistant becomes exasperated, Cassie senses her cousin is about to get her first real business lesson just as the town's number-one customer, Martha, is relying on her. At the bistro, Stephanie gets a surprise visit from her overbearing mother Betty (Sherry Miller), but decides to keep her new romance with Ben a secret, against Cassie's advice, which quickly unravels. At the same time, Martha is visited by her son, Michael. Cassie later meets with Ryan to put the past behind them, but suddenly finds herself questioning if she is ready for a new romance with anyone.

13
4
"The Trouble With Love"
Cal Coons
Amy Palmer Robertson & Jed Seidel
May 8, 2016 (2016-05-08)
2004
1.92[17]

Cassie feels helpless when Grace admits to spending time with Sam because she's hurting from the loss of her father. Cassie turns to Sam for support, but John asks her to attend a university gala as his date. Meanwhile, Linda officially moves into Sam's house and quickly makes Nick miserable with her controlling ways. Abigail desperately searches for a new assistant at her shop to help finish Martha's large flower order. Abigail tries a shortcut to solve her problem but ultimately gets some help and hope from Cassie that gives her the push she needs to do things right. Cassie also gives Linda some intuition on Nick's true feelings, as Sam helps Grace heal her heart with an opportunity at his medical practice, showing he actually cares for Cassie and her family. While Linda makes a decision about her future in Middleton, Cassie learns the truth about John's long-distance girlfriend and the romantic dilemma deepens.

14
5
"Surprise Me"
Don McCutcheon
Amy Palmer Robertson
May 15, 2016 (2016-05-15)
2005
2.01[18]

A new Grey House guest, Alexis (Meghan Heffern), checks in and quickly exhausts George and Cassie with her high-maintenance demands. While Cassie predicts there is more to the story behind Alexis's spoiled façade, Grace begins her medical internship at Sam's office. She enthusiastically takes on her new job responsibilities with ease, quickly making receptionist Eve (Kate Corbett) feel intimidated. At the same time, Sam asks Nick to find a new extracurricular activity at school, but, when Nick finally picks something he is passionate about, it isn't quite what Sam had in mind. At the bistro, Stephanie is still reeling from her breakup with Ben, who seems to be moving on. Cassie introduces her to a handsome attorney who seems almost too perfect – proving Cassie's plan isn't complete. Brandon looks for means to quell Tara's need to have a baby. After Cassie joins John to relive part of their past, Sam plans an unpredictable yet perfect first date, leaving Cassie surprised by her own increasingly complicated feelings.

15
6
"Risk"
Don McCutcheon
Sue Tenney & Jackson Rock
May 22, 2016 (2016-05-22)
2006
2.19[19]

Cassie goes on a horseback-riding date with Sam, but John's exciting news keeps her caught between the two men's affections. At Grey House, guest Alexis finally admits to Cassie about her financial falling out from her father but promises to settle her bill. Cassie knows Alexis will follow through, despite George and Abigail suggesting harsher punishment. Eve fears Grace will replace her as Sam's receptionist, but Grace puts a plan in motion to help restore Eve's confidence. Meanwhile, Sam worries Nick isn't ready to study abroad but an important job offer could make him reconsider. Stephanie receives an opportunity to move on from her heartbreak, only she realizes she deserves a second chance with Ben. As Cassie devises a plan to help Brandon and Tara agree on a change for their future, she gives Martha insight on helping her son. However, after Cassie agrees to assist John with a new project at his university, she realizes their connection could impede her growing feelings for Sam. She must decide if that is a risk worth taking.

16
7
"What's Your Secret?"
Laurie Lynd
Amy Palmer Robertson
May 29, 2016 (2016-05-29)
2007
2.05[20]

Cassie agrees to plan a surprise anniversary party for Martha and her husband Tom (Paul Miller), as long as the people of Middleton can keep a secret. Cassie enlists Stephanie to cater the event and Abigail begins arranging the flowers, as Martha is adamant to learn what everyone is plotting. Meanwhile, Sam declines the hospital's generous job offer, deciding time with Nick is more important. The hospital sends an attractive recruiter to persuade him, and Sam finds his decision more difficult. Cassie reassures him he is going in the right direction, as he considers buying a lakeside retreat to spend more time with his son and, possibly, Cassie as well. Grace feels friendless after she realizes Nick is serious about London and tries to make him stay. When a Grey House guest claims a ghost is haunting his room, Cassie knows a deeper problem lurks and promises he can trust her to solve it. Just as a big secret slips, John arrives to convince her to go on another wild adventure, and she discovers her life is still full of the unexpected.

17
8
"Truth"
Laurie Lynd
Sue Tenney
June 5, 2016 (2016-06-05)
2008
2.21[21]

Following an exhilarating date in the mountains with John, Cassie wonders if it is too late to chase old dreams. At the same time, she offers Sam advice to help him make two important decisions in his life. As he weighs his options, his expertise is needed with Grey House guest Dan (Riley Gilchrist), who claims to be seeing spirits, and the medical mystery could lead Sam to all the answers he is looking for. Meanwhile, Grace meets a new friend at school and devises a plan to help Nick reconsider his London trip. After Abigail creates a story to cover her accidental slip about Martha's surprise anniversary party, her little lie quickly becomes a rumor that puts Cassie's love life in question. As the party nears, Martha becomes increasingly suspicious. However, Cassie keeps the mayor distracted by helping her plan a surprise of her own for Tom. Cassie knowingly sends Stephanie on a path that helps her make a clear decision about the future of her catering business. Just as the anniversary party brings together all of Middleton for a grand celebration of love, Cassie receives an unexpected opportunity from John that could change her life. She must decide if what she really wants is right at home.

18
9
"A Perfect Match, Part 1"
Craig Pryce
Amy Palmer Robertson
June 12, 2016 (2016-06-12)
2009
2.12[22]

The people of Middleton are in final preparations for the annual Lights Festival, just as Cassie and Sam see sparks fly between them at his new lake house. However, John pressures her to join him on his adventure in the Maldives, and her future remains in question. Meanwhile, after Sam finally gives Nick permission to go to London, Grace senses her friend is having second thoughts about leaving his dad, but her plan to help him could backfire. At the bistro, Cassie helps Stephanie discover Ben's true feelings about commitment, while back at her shop, Cassie's instincts lead her to give a conflicted Tara a new beginning. Abigail volunteers to take over as the official festival planner, but doubts soon circulate about whether she is up to the job or up to something else. Also, just as Cassie and Sam decide to let their kids in on a secret, they find their big revelation may have already come to light.

19
10
"A Perfect Match, Part 2"
Craig Pryce
Story by : Sue Tenney
Teleplay by : Sue Tenney & Jackson Rock
June 19, 2016 (2016-06-19)
2010
2.30[23]

A dispute about London between Nick and Grace causes Cassie to slow things down with Sam. However, she does tell him that she is not going to join John in the Maldives. While weighing her future options, she explains to Grace about missing her father but loving someone new. Grace knows, after previously seeing Cassie and Sam kiss. Cassie also has Grace to deliver a letter to John at the festival. The letter is in Sanskrit, which Nick notices and talks with John about students helping him in the Maldives. Abigail's behavior was a ruse to force Martha into becoming more involved in the magical festival that brings the town together, except for Sam who has yet to arrive.

text: Special (2016)[edit]

text:
No.
Title
Directed by
Written by
Length
Original air date
Prod.
code
U.S. viewers
(millions)

20
"Good Witch Secrets of Grey House"
Craig Pryce
Dean Batali
120 minutes
October 22, 2016 (2016-10-22)
3000
2.24[24]

Sam fails to keep his date with Cassie at the Lights Festival, but his absence was due to a patient dying on the operating table. The experience weighs heavily on him, and Cassie offers support while giving him needed space. Meanwhile, she welcomes popular fantasy author Jessica Carrington and her editor Sean (Jeff Roop) to Grey House. Before long, Cassie inspires her to hold the launch party for her latest book in Middleton, which shares mysterious and surprising similarities with her stories. Middleton begins to transform into the book's Halloween-themed setting of Tarynsville, with the effort led by Mayor Tinsdale to ensure the town impresses. When the event is threatened, Cassie must devise a plan to save the day; and intriguing information about Grey House and Middleton's past arises. Also, Cassie helps Jessica and Sean discover their long-simmering love for each other. Trying to keep his mind off his patient's death, Sam immerses himself in work at the hospital. When Grace arrives at the emergency room after a rock-climbing accident – a sudden adventure inspired by her new friend Courtney, the crisis brings Sam and Cassie closer together and helps her realize her feelings for him.

text: Season 3 (2017)[edit]

text:
No.
overall
No. in
season
Title
Directed by
Written by
Original air date
Prod.
code
U.S. viewers
(millions)

21
1
"A Budding Romance"
Michael Kennedy
Dean Batali
April 30, 2017 (2017-04-30)
3001
2.14[25]

Cassie and the residents of Middleton anticipate the blossoming of the rare Middleton Merriwick plant for the first time in decades. Martha plans to publicize that the town houses the rarity, by escorting a curious botanist from the university to the botanical gardens to study its wonder. George accidentally reveals Sam and Cassie's pseudo-secret that they are officially together, causing Grace to feel hurt as she wasn't told first. A cryptic text from Nick leads Grace to think he plans to ask her out, but she worries that this could complicate their friendship. Later in the botanical gardens, it is discovered someone cut a stalk off the Merriwick and it seems its decline affects the ladies in town.

22
2
"Without Magic for a Spell"
Michael Kennedy
Dawn DeKeyser
May 7, 2017 (2017-05-07)
3002
2.11[26]

Not feeling like herself, Cassie closes her store for a few days. Martha begins investigating the Merriwick culprit and worries it won't bloom in time to feature the plant and Middleton in the state tourism book. Meanwhile, a former colleague of Abigail's makes a surprise visit, and she starts to question his intentions when it becomes evident he has ulterior motives. Ben discusses with Stephanie a unique investment opportunity he is considering, but, after realizing it is beyond his financial means, she helps him consider an alternative solution. Inside the botanical gardens, Sam realizes Cassie and the Merriwick are connected and shares with Martha that he believes in Cassie. Following a strange turn of events, Derek uncovers the culprit, while the town eagerly waits to see what the mystical Merriwick will do next.

23
3
"Day After Day"
Craig Pryce
Skander Halim
May 14, 2017 (2017-05-14)
3003
1.88[27]

Cassie welcomes Grey House guests Jim (Morgan Kelly) and Annabel (Tara Yelland), who are in town for the same job interview and immediately clash. Despite their constant bickering, Cassie senses they could be right for each other and turns their one-night stay into several. Suddenly, every day in Middleton is just like the one that came before and everyone is feeling the impact. Sam tries to plan the perfect date for Cassie but various roadblocks repeatedly thwart his attempts and their romantic evening never fully happens. When Grace finally takes a test that keeps getting delayed, she learns a valuable lesson when she receives her grade. Meanwhile, Abigail is swamped with daily deliveries of flowers that she never ordered for her shop and cannot seem to stop them from coming. These repetitious days ultimately bring about some important revelations that allow time to finally resume.

24
4
"How to Say, "I Love You!""
Craig Pryce
Bill Fuller
May 21, 2017 (2017-05-21)
3004
1.78[28]

Cassie and Sam reminisce about the day they met, and he shares how happy he is with her. He later finds constant reminders about saying "I love you" to that special someone, which is something he can't bring himself to do. Meanwhile, Ben renovates the iconic and historic Middleton Theatre for its grand re-opening, and Stephanie offers to make the concessions but gets a little carried away. Martha must approve multiple city projects, only to learn that the account is empty. Grace makes a surprising discovery that allows Martha to keep her promises. As Cassie and Grace clean out the attic in Grey House, they uncover a long-forgotten box filled with old film canisters, including a 1930s-era romantic comedy, titled How to Say, "I Love You!", that becomes the feature film for the theatre's grand re-opening. The movie clearly affects Sam, as he glances at Cassie throughout and holds her hand tightly. Afterwards, he admits to her that he enjoyed it more than he thought, shares a loving kiss with her, and, finally, tells he that he loves her.

25
5
"A Birthday Wish"
Phillip Earnshaw
Sheryl A. Anderson
May 28, 2017 (2017-05-28)
3005
1.98[29]

Cassie wants to make Grace's upcoming milestone birthday the best of all and presents her with the Merriwick Wish Book, passed down for hundreds of years to every Merriwick girl when she turns a certain age, to write down her deepest wish for it to come true. Abigail shares with Grace her own birthday wish, along with the disappointment that came with wishing for something trivial, and reveals the heart-breaking reason why Cassie's page in the book is blank. Grace's friends, Nick and Courtney, whisk her away for a day of celebration, but she longs to spend time with Cassie. At the end of the fun-filled day, mother and daughter finally enjoy cake and ice cream. Grace gives Cassie an unexpected and touching gift. Cassie then takes a faded envelope out of an old jewelry box and reads her wish that she had made on her special birthday: "a life filled with love". Grace pastes Cassie's wish on the blank page, and then, after pasting her own, shares with her mom her special birthday wish, and the only thing she truly wanted: "the perfect moment" with just the two of them.

26
6
"Say it with Candy"
Phillip Earnshaw
Dawn DeKeyser
June 4, 2017 (2017-06-04)
3006
2.20[30]

Cassie's ability for helping people find exactly what they need charms her customers. Abigail notices this and, with slight jealousy, feels overlooked and invisible. Taking some of Cassie's advice, she devises a plan to sell chocolates with her own flair and offer Cassie-like words of comfort and advice with each box, hoping to replicate the same success. Abigail's frazzled customers begin to see surprising results with their problems, and sales rapidly increase. However, the demand for her chocolates exhausts her. Grace shows her that listening, offering advice, and caring for each customer, as Cassie does, is what helps them find exactly what they need. Meanwhile, Sam's New York friend, Liam, settles in Middleton with his teenage son Noah. Sam is excited for Nick to have an old friend around but is puzzled by his son's lack of enthusiasm for Noah's return. At a welcome dinner planned by Cassie and Grace, Nick reveals that his disdain for Noah stems from an incident in their past.

27
7
"In Sickness and in Health"
Laurie Lynd
Dean Batali
June 11, 2017 (2017-06-11)
3007
2.38[31]

Grey House guest and artist Harrison Boyd (Michael Therriault) doesn't say much but lets his work do the talking. After Cassie offers for him to choose a unique paintbrush from her shop, the scenes he paints depict events with people close to her that haven't yet happened. As he begins a new painting, he is not sure what it will become nor do the faces take shape until the very end. Meanwhile, Grace is upset when a classmate is appointed the academic decathlon team captain since she was expecting to land the position herself. When the captain has a series of mishaps and unexplained memory lapses, Grace worries that she is somehow responsible. Martha asks Cassie to once again oversee Middleton's annual Healthfest. Cassie convinces Sam to help and, despite their different approaches, plans fall into place. In the process, they discover some of her customers and his patients suffer from the same illness, so the couple works together discover the commonality and find a solution. Later, as Harrison readies to depart Grey House, he leaves behind one painting as a gift, surprising everyone as those depicted are hardly doing anything at all. When Cassie takes a closer look, she notices several significant details that cause concern about what it might mean for each person's future.

28
8
"Somewhat Surprising"
Laurie Lynd
Dean Batali
June 18, 2017 (2017-06-18)
3008
2.09[32]

On the one-year anniversary of the Radfords' move to Middleton, Cassie wants to honor the occasion. Martha excitedly insists on a surprise party for Sam, and, when those plans quickly escalate into an extravagance Sam wouldn't want, Cassie designs the perfect way to celebrate. Intuitively believing people want to remember things from their past, she learns Sam cherished a 1967 Chevrolet Camaro during medical school and asks Officer Sanders (Noah Cappe) to help remind Sam of his treasured car. At Grey House, an old coat belonging to Abigail's father is discovered, prompting her to reminisce about the last time she saw him as a young girl and how he brought her gifts from his overseas travels to let her know he was thinking of her. A man claiming to be from the U.S. Postal Service delivers her a package sent from out of the country that was lost for 20 years. Grace's interest in Noah grows but she is frustrated by Nick's constant interruptions. She decides to help the two reconcile, hoping it will clear the way for her to spend more time with Noah. Later, Cassie invites Sam over, and he expects to walk into a party; however, she is alone and gives him a special gift to remind him of the Camaro he loved. He admits he wouldn't have minded a party, and she leads him to one while reminding him of how many people in his life love him. He realizes he got exactly what he wanted.

29
9
"Not Getting Married Today, Part 1"
Craig Pryce
Sean Alexander & Sarah Larsen
June 25, 2017 (2017-06-25)
3009
2.39[33]

Martha's son is now engaged, so a Middleton wedding is in the works. The mother of the bride, Elizabeth (Allison Hossack), arrives in town, decides Martha's plans aren't elegant enough, and takes over, leaving Martha feeling left out and dejected. Meanwhile, Sam's globetrotting sister Joanne visits. After seeing how loving he is toward Cassie, she is surprised to learn he hasn't changed his mind about not remarrying. At Grey House, Cassie welcomes new adoptive parents and daughter Pavla as guests. After Abigail watches the young girl struggle to accept them, she shares with Pavla her own difficulty dealing with the sudden absence of her father. After confessing to Cassie she feels like she doesn't make a difference to anyone, Abigail helps bring Pavla closer to her new parents and discovers how valued she is to others. Later, during the final walkthrough at the wedding venue, Elizabeth decides none of what has been planned is good enough and calls in her vendors from the city instead of using Middleton's own. In the wake of this abrupt about-face, Cassie and Joanne reflect on how stressful wedding planning can be. Joanne mentions Sam's feelings towards marriage, quickly realizing this is news to Cassie. She tries to reassure Cassie that Sam does love her and leaves Cassie alone in her thoughts to take in this unexpected revelation.

30
10
"Not Getting Married Today, Part 2"
Craig Pryce
Dean Batali
July 2, 2017 (2017-07-02)
3010
2.34[34]

Unfocused and distracted with Joanne's info about Sam, Cassie goes to Chicago to visit her old friend and mentor, Olympia (Wendy Crewson). Meanwhile, in an effort to keep Sam from letting Cassie slip away, Joanne encourages her brother to focus on the good things in life instead of worrying about the bad things that could happen. After realizing his true feelings, he surprises Cassie in Chicago. As the two of them talk things through, she assures him that she is willing to live in each moment and see what comes. Back in Middleton, Vanessa and Michael's wedding plans have spiraled so far out of Elizabeth's control that the couple abruptly cancels the entire affair. After taking some time to reconsider, they decide to move ahead with something simple: a ceremony at City Hall the next day. Martha officiates and reads a touching passage that clearly affects the attendees, including Sam. Following the reception, he proposes to Cassie, and she accepts.

text: Special (2017)[edit]

text:
No.
Title
Directed by
Written by
Length
Original air date
Prod.
code
U.S. viewers
(millions)

31
"Good Witch Spellbound"
Craig Pryce
Dean Batali and Ron Osborn & Jeff Reno
120 minutes
October 22, 2017 (2017-10-22)
4000
2.70[35]

Cassie discovers an old photograph of former Middleton resident Cotton Perriwood, along with muslin sheets bearing the cryptic Perriwood prophecy. A mysterious stranger (Noam Jenkins) arrives just as bizarre events begin to occur in town as foretold in the prophecy. The fear that the curse Perriwood vowed as revenge for being driven out of town and kept from his true love is coming to life. At Cassie's party at Grey House on Halloween night, the last of the bizarre events occurs as predicted. Grace searches for the missing final page of the Perriwood prophecy, and Cassie must interpret the clues to figure out how to stop the curse and, along the way, discovers the future isn't always written exactly as it seems.

text: Season 4[edit]

text:
No.
overall
No. in
season
Title
Directed by
Written by
Original air date
Prod.
code
U.S. viewers
(millions)

32
1
"With This Ring"[36]
TBA
TBA
April 29, 2018 (2018-04-29)
4001
TBD

33
2
"In 4/4, With Emotion"[36]
TBA
TBA
May 6, 2018 (2018-05-06)
4002
TBD

34
3
"Daddy's Home"[36]
TBA
TBA
May 13, 2018 (2018-05-13)
4003
TBD

35
4
"Family Time"[36]
TBA
TBA
May 20, 2018 (2018-05-20)
4004
TBD

36
5
"Written Like a Merriwick"
TBA
TBA
May 27, 2018 (2018-05-27)
4005
TBD


document_title: Carnegie Hall

question_text: who conducted the opening concert at carnegie hall

text: Carnegie Hall

text: Venues[edit]

text: Carnegie Hall contains three distinct, separate performance spaces.

tag: p

text: Main Hall (Stern Auditorium/Perelman Stage)[edit]

text: The Isaac Stern Auditorium seats 2,804 on five levels and was named after violinist Isaac Stern in 1997 to recognize his efforts to save the hall from demolition in the 1960s.[6] The hall is enormously high, and visitors to the top balcony must climb 137 steps. All but the top level can be reached by elevator.[7]

text: The main hall was home to the performances of the New York Philharmonic from 1892 until 1962. Known as the most prestigious concert stage in the U.S., almost all of the leading classical music, and more recently, popular music, performers since 1891 have performed there. After years of heavy wear and tear, the hall was extensively renovated in 1986 (see below).

text: The Ronald O. Perelman Stage is 42 feet deep. The five levels of seating in the Stern Auditorium begin with the Parquet level, which has twenty-five full rows of thirty-eight seats and four partial rows at stage level, for a total of 1,021 seats. The First Tier and Second Tier consist of sixty-five boxes; the First Tier has 264 seats at eight seats per box and the Second Tier seats 238, with boxes ranging from six to eight seats each. Second from the top is the Dress Circle, seating 444 in six rows; the first two rows form an almost-complete semicircle. At the top, the balcony seats 837. Although seats with obstructed views exist throughout the auditorium, only the Dress Circle level has structural columns.[8]

text: Zankel Hall[edit]

text: Zankel Hall, which seats 599, is named after Judy and Arthur Zankel. Originally called simply Recital Hall, this was the first auditorium to open to the public in April 1891. Following renovations made in 1896, it was renamed Carnegie Lyceum. It was leased to the American Academy of Dramatic Arts in 1898, converted into a cinema, which opened as the Carnegie Hall Cinema in May 1961 with the film White Nights by Luchino Visconti and was reclaimed for use as an auditorium in 1997. The completely reconstructed Zankel Hall is flexible in design and can be reconfigured in several different arrangements to suit the needs of the performers. It opened in September 2003.[9][10]

text: The 599 seats in Zankel Hall are arranged in two levels. The Parterre level seats a total of 463 and the Mezzanine level seats 136. Each level has a number of seats which are situated along the side walls, perpendicular to the stage. These seats are designated as boxes; there are 54 seats in six boxes on the Parterre level and 48 seats in four boxes on the Mezzanine level. The boxes on the Parterre level are raised above the level of the stage. Zankel Hall is accessible and its stage is 44 feet wide and 25 feet deep—the stage occupies approximately one fifth of the performance space.[11]

text: Weill Recital Hall[edit]

text: The Joan and Sanford I. Weill Recital Hall seats 268 and is named after Sanford I. Weill, a former chairman of the board, and his wife Joan. This auditorium, in use since the hall opened in 1891, was originally called Chamber Music Hall (later Carnegie Chamber Music Hall); the name was changed to Carnegie Recital Hall in the late 1940s, and finally became Joan and Sanford I. Weill Recital Hall in 1986.

text: The Weill Recital Hall is the smallest of the three performance spaces, with a total of 268 seats. The Orchestra level contains fourteen rows of fourteen seats, a total of 196, and the Balcony level contains 72 seats in five rows.[12]

text: Other facilities[edit]

text: The building also contains the Carnegie Hall Archives, established in 1986, and the Rose Museum, which opened in 1991. Until 2009 studios above the Hall contained working spaces for artists in the performing and graphic arts including music, drama, dance, as well as architects, playwrights, literary agents, photographers and painters. The spaces were unusual in being purpose-designed for artistic work, with very high ceilings, skylights and large windows for natural light. In 2007 the Carnegie Hall Corporation announced plans to evict the 33 remaining studio residents, some of whom had been in the building since the 1950s, including celebrity portrait photographer Editta Sherman and fashion photographer Bill Cunningham. The organization's research showed that Andrew Carnegie had always considered the spaces as a source of income to support the hall and its activities. The space has been re-purposed for music education and corporate offices.[13][14]

text: Architecture[edit]

text: Carnegie Hall is one of the last large buildings in New York built entirely of masonry, without a steel frame; however, when several flights of studio spaces were added to the building near the turn of the 20th century, a steel framework was erected around segments of the building. The exterior is rendered in narrow Roman bricks of a mellow ochre hue, with details in terracotta and brownstone. The foyer avoids typical 19th century Baroque theatrical style with the Florentine Renaissance manner of Filippo Brunelleschi's Pazzi Chapel: white plaster and gray stone form a harmonious system of round-headed arched openings and Corinthian pilasters that support an unbroken cornice, with round-headed lunettes above it, under a vaulted ceiling. The famous white and gold auditorium interior is similarly restrained. The firm of Adler and Sullivan of Chicago, noted for the acoustics of their theaters, were hired as consultant architects though their contributions are not known.

text: History[edit]

text: This section needs additional citations for verification. Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. (May 2017) (Learn how and when to remove this template message)

text: Carnegie Hall is named after Andrew Carnegie, who funded its construction. It was intended as a venue for the Oratorio Society of New York and the New York Symphony Society, on whose boards Carnegie served. Construction began in 1890, and was carried out by Isaac A. Hopper and Company. Although the building was in use from April 1891, the official opening night was May 5, with a concert conducted by maestro Walter Damrosch and great Russian composer Pyotr Ilyich Tchaikovsky.[15][16] Originally known simply as "Music Hall" (the words "Music Hall founded by Andrew Carnegie" still appear on the façade above the marquee), the hall was renamed Carnegie Hall in 1893 after board members of the Music Hall Company of New York (the hall's original governing body) persuaded Carnegie to allow the use of his name. Several alterations were made to the building between 1893 and 1896, including the addition of two towers of artists' studios, and alterations to the smaller auditorium on the building's lower level.

text: The hall was owned by the Carnegie family until 1925, when Carnegie's widow sold it to a real estate developer, Robert E. Simon. When Simon died in 1935, his son, Robert E. Simon, Jr., became owner. By the mid-1950s, changes in the music business prompted Simon to offer Carnegie Hall for sale to the New York Philharmonic, which booked a majority of the hall's concert dates each year. The orchestra declined, since it planned to move to Lincoln Center, then in the early stages of planning. At the time, it was widely believed that New York City could not support two major concert venues. Facing the loss of the hall's primary tenant, Simon was forced to offer the building for sale. A deal with a commercial developer fell through, and by 1960, with the New York Philharmonic on the move to Lincoln Center, the building was slated for demolition to make way for a commercial skyscraper. Under pressure from a group led by violinist Isaac Stern and many of the artist residents, special legislation was passed that allowed the City of New York to buy the site from Simon for $5 million (which he would use to establish Reston, VA), and in May 1960 the nonprofit Carnegie Hall Corporation was created to run the venue. It was designated a National Historic Landmark in 1962.[2][17][18]

text: Most of the greatest performers of classical music since the time Carnegie Hall was built have performed in the Main Hall, and its lobbies are adorned with signed portraits and memorabilia. The NBC Symphony Orchestra, conducted by Arturo Toscanini, frequently recorded in the Main Hall for RCA Victor. On November 14, 1943, the 25-year old Leonard Bernstein had his major conducting debut when he had to substitute for a suddenly ill Bruno Walter in a concert that was broadcast by CBS,[19] making him instantly famous. In the fall of 1950, the orchestra's weekly broadcast concerts were moved there until the orchestra disbanded in 1954. Several of the concerts were televised by NBC, preserved on kinescopes, and have been released on home video.

text: Many legendary jazz and popular music performers have also given memorable performances at Carnegie Hall including Benny Goodman, Duke Ellington, Glenn Miller, Billie Holiday, the Dave Brubeck Quartet, Violetta Villas, Judy Garland, Harry Belafonte, Charles Aznavour, Ike & Tina Turner, Paul Robeson, Nina Simone, Shirley Bassey, James Gang and Stevie Ray Vaughan, all of whom made celebrated live recordings of their concerts there.

text: The hall has also been the site of many famous lectures, including the Tuskegee Institute Silver Anniversary Lecture by Booker T. Washington, and the last public lecture by Mark Twain, both in 1906.

text: Sissieretta Jones became the first African-American to sing at the Music Hall (renamed Carnegie Hall the following year), June 15, 1892.[20][21] The Benny Goodman Orchestra gave a sold-out swing and jazz concert January 16, 1938. The bill also featured, among other guest performers, Count Basie and members of Duke Ellington's orchestra.

text: Rock and roll music first came to Carnegie Hall when Bill Haley & His Comets appeared in a variety benefit concert on May 6, 1955.[22] Rock acts were not regularly booked at the Hall however, until February 12, 1964, when The Beatles performed two shows[23] during their historic first trip to the United States.[24] Promoter Sid Bernstein convinced Carnegie officials that allowing a Beatles concert at the venue "would further international understanding" between the United States and Great Britain.[25] "Led Zeppelin became the first hard rock act to play Carnegie Hall since the Rolling Stones tore the place up some five years ago." Two concerts were performed October 17, 1969.[26] Since then numerous rock, blues, jazz and country performers have appeared at the hall every season.[27] Jethro Tull released the tapes recorded on its presentation in a 1970 Benefit concert, in the 2010 re-release of the Stand Up album. Ike & Tina Turner performed a concert April 1, 1971, which resulted in their album What You Hear is What You Get. The Beach Boys played concerts in 1971 and 1972, and two songs from the show appeared on their Endless Harmony Soundtrack. Chicago recorded its 4-LP box set Chicago at Carnegie Hall in 1971.

text: Renovations and additions[edit]

text: The building was extensively renovated in 1986 and 2003, by James Polshek, who became better known through his post-modern planetarium at the American Museum of Natural History. Polshek and his firm, Polshek Partnership, were involved since 1978 in four phases of the Hall's renovation and expansion including the creation of a Master Plan in 1980; the actual renovation of the main hall, the Stern Auditorium, and the creation of the Weill Recital Hall and Kaplan Rehearsal Space, all in 1986;[28] the creation of the Rose Museum, East Room and Club Room (later renamed Rohatyn Room and Shorin Club Room, respectively), all in 1991; and, most recently, the creation of Zankel Hall in 2003.[9][10]

text: The renovation was not without controversy. Following completion of work on the main auditorium in 1986, there were complaints that the famous acoustics of the hall had been diminished.[29] Although officials involved in the renovation denied that there was any change, complaints persisted for the next nine years. In 1995, the cause of the problem was discovered to be a slab of concrete under the stage. The slab was subsequently removed.[30]

text: In 1987–1989, a 60-floor office tower, named Carnegie Hall Tower, designed by César Pelli & Associates, was completed next to the hall on the same block. New backstage space and banquet spaces, contained within the tower, connect with the main Carnegie Hall building.

text: In June 2003, tentative plans were made for the Philharmonic to return to Carnegie Hall beginning in 2006, and for the orchestra to merge its business operations with those of the venue. However, the two groups abandoned these plans later in 2003.[31]

text: In 2014, Carnegie Hall opened its Judith and Burton Resnick Education Wing, which houses 24 music rooms, one of which is large enough to hold an orchestra or a chorus. The $230 million project was funded with gifts from Joan and Sanford I. Weill and the Weill Family Fund, Judith and Burton Resnick, Lily Safra and other donors, as well as $52.2 million from the city, $11 million from the state and $56.5 million from bonds issued through the Trust for Cultural Resources of the City of New York.[32]

text: The 2015–2016 Season celebrates a 125th Anniversary and the launch of an unprecedented commissioning project of at least 125 new works with 'Fifty for the Future" coming from Kronos (25 by female composers and 25 by male composers.)

text: Management[edit]

text: Since July 2005, the Executive and Artistic Director of Carnegie Hall is Sir Clive Gillinson, formerly managing director of the London Symphony Orchestra.

text: Carnegie Hall Archives[edit]

text: This section does not cite any sources. Please help improve this section by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. (August 2016) (Learn how and when to remove this template message)

text: Unexpectedly, for most concert-goers, it emerged in 1986 that Carnegie Hall had never consistently maintained an archive. Without a central repository, a significant portion of Carnegie Hall's documented history had been dispersed. In preparation for the celebration of Carnegie Hall's centennial in 1991, the management established the Carnegie Hall Archives.

text: Carnegie Hall joke[edit]

text: Rumor is that a pedestrian on Fifty-seventh Street, Manhattan, stopped Jascha Heifetz and inquired, "Could you tell me how to get to Carnegie Hall?" "Yes," said Heifetz. "Practice!"[33]

text: This old joke has become part of the folklore of the hall, but its origins remain a mystery. According to The New York Times, the main player in the story has been described at various times as either an unnamed man, violinist Jascha Heifetz or the pianist Arthur Rubinstein.[34] On its webpage, Carnegie Hall quotes the wife of violinist Mischa Elman as having perhaps the best story of its origin: "One day, after a rehearsal that hadn’t pleased Elman, the couple was leaving Carnegie Hall by the backstage entrance when they were approached by two tourists looking for the hall’s entrance. Seeing his violin case, they asked, 'How do you get to Carnegie Hall?' Without looking up and continuing on his way, Elman simply replied, 'Practice.'"[35]

text: Finances[edit]

text: The hall's operating budget for the 2008–2009 season was $84 million. For 2007–2008, operating costs exceeded revenues from operations by $40.2 million. With funding from donors, investment income and government grants, the hall ended that season with $1.9 million more in total revenues than total costs.

text: World premieres[edit]

text: Other buildings named Carnegie Hall[edit]

text: Several other concert halls also bear the Carnegie name.

text:
Carnegie Hall, a 540-seat venue in Andrew Carnegie's native Dunfermline, Scotland, opened in 1937.
420-seat Carnegie Hall in Lewisburg, West Virginia.
Carnegie Library and Theatre in Covington, Kentucky.
1928-seat Carnegie Music Hall on the main site of the Carnegie Museums of Pittsburgh and the main branch of the Carnegie Library of Pittsburgh.
Carnegie Hall on the North Side of Pittsburgh, formerly known as Allegheny, Pennsylvania, attached to the Carnegie Library.
Carnegie Music Hall attached to the Carnegie library in the suburb of Braddock, Pennsylvania. This was built as part of an 1893 addition to the Braddock Carnegie Library. As of April 2014, it is undergoing restoration.
1022-seat Carnegie Music Hall annexed to the Carnegie library in the suburb of Homestead, Pennsylvania.
Carnegie Music Hall attached to the Carnegie library in the suburb of Carnegie, Pennsylvania.
Carnegie also built a Library and Music Hall in the suburb of Duquesne, Pennsylvania that was demolished in 1968.


document_title: List of The Daily Show correspondents

question_text: host of the late show who was once a correspondent for the daily show

text: List of The Daily Show correspondents

text: Current cast[edit]

text: Host[edit]

text:
Name
Debut
Notes

Trevor Noah
September 28, 2015
Originally debuted as the Senior International Correspondent and as a contributor on December 4, 2014. In March 2015, Comedy Central revealed that he would be hosting the show.

text: Correspondents[edit]

text:
Name
Debut
Notes

Hasan Minhaj
November 19, 2014
Senior Indian Correspondent. Senior Political Correspondent. Senior Congressional Correspondent.

Roy Wood Jr.
September 28, 2015
Senior Mars Correspondent.[1] Senior Wall Street Correspondent. Senior Campaign Correspondent. Senior Immigration Correspondent. Senior Hollywood Correspondent. Steve Harvey impersonator.

Desi Lydic
September 29, 2015
New Senior Geopolitical Correspondent. Senior Antiquities Correspondent.[1] Senior Campaign Correspondent. Segment Host: "What The Actual Fact?"

Ronny Chieng
October 7, 2015
Senior Technology Correspondent.[1] Senior Climatology Correspondent. Senior Basketball Correspondent.

Michael Kosta
July 11, 2017
Senior Constitutional Correspondent, Senior American Correspondent

Dulcé Sloan
September 7, 2017
Senior Fashion Correspondent

text: Contributors[edit]

text:
Name
Debut
Notes

Lewis Black
July 31, 1996
"Back in Black", he is the longest-running contributor to work on The Daily Show, having served on the show since the beginning.

Neal Brennan
March 14, 2016
Contributor, Trevor's friend.

Gina Yashere
March 16, 2017
Senior British Correspondent

text: Former cast[edit]

text: Hosts[edit]

text:
Name
Year Joined
Year Left
Notes

Craig Kilborn
July 22, 1996
December 17, 1998
The original host. Left the show because he was chosen to host The Late Late Show with Tom Snyder's departure. Kilborn appeared on the show 16 years later on Jon Stewart's final episode on August 6, 2015.

Jon Stewart
January 11, 1999
August 6, 2015
Succeeded Kilborn as the new host of The Daily Show and is the most prolific host of the show. Stewart's final show was an hour long special on August 6, 2015. He returned to the show on December 7, 2015, to urge Congress to permanently extend a health care law for 9/11 first responders.

text: Recurring correspondents[edit]

text:
Name
Year Joined
Year Left
Notes

Dan Bakkedahl
September 20, 2005
September 25, 2007
Hired to replace departing correspondent Stephen Colbert on September 25, 2005. Filed his final report on September 25, 2007. Bakkedahl was among the former correspondents who made an appearance on Jon Stewart's final episode on August 6, 2015.

Samantha Bee
July 10, 2003
April 30, 2015
"This Week in God", "Are You Prepared?!?"; The Daily Show's first non-US citizen correspondent; all-time longest-serving regular correspondent after passing Stephen Colbert in 2011; filled in for a sick Jon Stewart on October 7, 2014. Bee departed the show on April 30, 2015, to host Full Frontal with Samantha Bee on TBS. Bee was among the former correspondents who made an appearance on Jon Stewart's final episode on August 6, 2015. She is married to fellow former correspondent Jason Jones.

Mary Birdsong
January 31, 2002
March 14, 2002
Contributing correspondent.

A. Whitney Brown
July 23, 1996
December 15, 1998
"Backfire"; was one of The Daily Show's original correspondents. Had his own The Daily Show special in 1998 called "Weirder Than Whitney".

Nancy Carell
December 7, 1999
August 8, 2002
"We Love Showbiz", "Popular Music Omnibus", "Dollars and "Cents"". Was credited under maiden name, Nancy Walls, and has been married fellow former correspondent Steve Carell since 1995. Walls-Carell was among the former correspondents who made an appearance on Jon Stewart's final episode on August 6, 2015.

Steve Carell
February 11, 1999
April 4, 2005
"Even Stephven", "Produce Pete", "Dollars and "Cents"", "We Love Showbiz", "Slimmin' Down With Steve", "Ad Nauseam". Carell had his own The Daily Show special in May 2001 called "Steve Carell Salutes Steve Carell" highlighting his most popular field assignments on the show. Carell is the first correspondent to become a major movie and television star, and the only correspondent to receive an Academy Award nomination since leaving The Daily Show in early 2005. Carell has since returned numerous times as a featured guest and was among the former correspondents who made an appearance on Jon Stewart's final episode on August 6, 2015. He is married to fellow former correspondent Nancy (Walls) Carell.

Wyatt Cenac
June 3, 2008
December 13, 2012
Senior Correspondent; also provides voice for Michael Steele puppet. Filed his final report on December 13, 2012, but also made cameo guest appearances on August 15, 2013 for the last show of guest host John Oliver and for Jon Stewart's final episode on August 6, 2015.

Michael Che
June 4, 2014
September 18, 2014
Left to co-anchor "Weekend Update" on Saturday Night Live. Shortest correspondent tenure as of 2015.[2] Was among the former correspondents who made an appearance on Jon Stewart's final episode on August 6, 2015.

Stephen Colbert
June 26, 1997
September 26, 2005
"Even Stephven", "This Week In God", "The Jobbing of America". Stephen Colbert hosted The Daily Show six times (January 24, 2001; February 20 and 22, 2001; March 26–27, 2001; April 3 and 5, 2001; May 2–3, 2001; March 6, 2003; July 6, 2004). Although Colbert left The Daily Show team in mid-2005, through 2010 Stewart frequently "tossed" to him at The Colbert Report at the end of a show. Colbert has also made a number of Daily Show cameos since 2005, particularly in reference to his mock "presidential campaigns" in 2007/08 and 2011/12, and Stewart's stewardship of Colbert SuperPAC in 2011. With a nearly nine-year tenure, Colbert was the longest serving correspondent on The Daily Show until his record was broken by Samantha Bee in 2011. Before taking over as new host of The Late Show on CBS, Colbert made his final appearance for Jon Stewart's last episode on August 6, 2015.

Nate Corddry
October 4, 2005
May 2, 2006
The younger brother of correspondent Rob Corddry. As a running joke on the show, older brother Rob would often appear in Nate's segments usually picking on him. This eventually led to the two brothers having their own "Even Stephven"-style debate segment called "Brother vs. Brother". Was among the former correspondents who made an appearance on Jon Stewart's final episode on August 6, 2015.

Rob Corddry
April 17, 2002
August 24, 2006
"This Week In God", "Come On!", "Popular Music Omnibus", and as he liked to call them, "Poop jokes". Corddry filled in for Stewart (on paternity leave) on February 9, 2006. He left the show in August 2006 to start a film career and to star in The Winner, a Fox comedy that ran from March 4 to March 18, 2007. He has also returned as a special guest correspondent several times since and was among the former correspondents who made an appearance on Jon Stewart's final episode on August 6, 2015.

Josh Gad
May 5, 2009
June 27, 2011
Contributing Correspondent. Made his last appearance on June 27, 2011. Made an appearance on Jon Stewart's final episode on August 6, 2015.

Vance DeGeneres
January 14, 1999
May 17, 2001
"Dollars and "Cents"", "A Tale of Survival", had his own The Daily Show special in 2000 highlighting his popular "Tales of Survival" segments. Was among the former correspondents who made an appearance on Jon Stewart's final episode on August 6, 2015.

Rachael Harris
October 28, 2002
March 20, 2003
"Mark Your Calendar", "We Love Showbiz".

Ed Helms
April 29, 2002
December 05, 2006
"Digital Watch", "Ad Nauseam", "Mark Your Calendar", "We Love Showbiz", "This Week in God". Helms and fellow correspondent Rob Corddry had their own The Daily Show special in 2003 called "I'm a Correspondent: Please Don't Fire Me". Helms made an appearance on July 21, 2008 as a special guest correspondent. Helms was one of the stars of the 2009 comedy The Hangover and was a regular cast member on NBC's The Office, beginning with its third season. Helms was among the former correspondents who made an appearance on Jon Stewart's final episode on August 6, 2015.

Jason Jones
September 29, 2005
March 26, 2015
"Are You Prepared?!?", "Jason Jones 180"; Filled in for a sick Jon Stewart on October 7, 2014. Departed the show on March 26, 2015. Jones made an appearance on Jon Stewart's final episode on August 6, 2015. He is married to fellow former correspondent Samantha Bee.

Jordan Klepper
March 3, 2014
September 21, 2017
New Senior Caucasian Correspondent. Senior Congressional Correspondent. Senior Campaign Correspondent. Senior Technology Correspondent. Senior Fantasy Culture Correspondent. Senior Fantasy Sports Correspondent. Senior Iowan Correspondent. Senior U.K. Correspondent, filled in for a sick Trevor Noah on October 20, 2016. Left the show so he can begin hosting his own spin-off The Opposition w/ Jordan Klepper on September 25, 2017.

Beth Littleford
July 24, 1996
May 18, 2000
"The Beth Littleford Interview", "bETh". In 1999, she had her own The Daily Show special called "The Beth Littleford Interview Special", highlighting her popular celebrity interviews. She was the only original correspondent to stay with the show after Jon Stewart took over as host, leaving the show in 2000.

Al Madrigal
May 17, 2011
January 12, 2016
Senior Latino Correspondent. California correspondent.

Aasif Mandvi
August 9, 2006
October 14, 2015
Senior Middle East Correspondent; started as a contributor; but made correspondent in March 2007.[3] Senior Campaign Correspondent.

Olivia Munn
June 3, 2010
September 12, 2011
Senior Asian Correspondent. Made her final appearance on September 12, 2011. Was among the former correspondents who made an appearance on Jon Stewart's final episode on August 6, 2015.

John Oliver
July 31, 2006
December 19, 2013
Senior British Person; "Wilmore-Oliver Investigates"; on writing staff from 2007 to 2013. Interim host during the summer of 2013. He departed the show on December 19, 2013 to prepare hosting his own late night show Last Week Tonight with John Oliver on HBO which premiered on April 27, 2014. Returned to host the show on November 13, 2014 to promote Jon Stewart's film, Rosewater. Oliver returned for an appearance on Jon Stewart's final episode on August 6, 2015.

Rob Riggle
September 20, 2006
December 10, 2008
Senior Military Affairs Correspondent; Some of his most memorable work on the show included his overseas special assignments. His week-long reports from Iraq in 2007 titled "Operation: Silent Thunder" brought much attention to the show. After the success of "Silent Thunder", he traveled to China for his second overseas four-part series during the 2008 Olympics, titled "Rob Riggle: Chasing the Dragon". Shortly after announcing he would be leaving the show, he made his farewell appearance on December 10, 2008. Riggle made a surprise appearance on the August 3, 2010 show, during an interview with Will Ferrell and again on August 15, 2013 for the last show of guest host John Oliver. Made a cameo the week of Nov 17th in a correspondent report and was among the former correspondents who made an appearance on Jon Stewart's final episode on August 6, 2015.

Mo Rocca
November 16, 1998
August 20, 2003
"Dollars and "Cents"", "Mark Your Calendar", "Mopinion". Rocca went on to parlay his Daily Show correspondent persona in numerous other cable appearances, such as several VH1 "talking head" shows and at the 2004 political conventions for Larry King Live. Was among the former correspondents who made an appearance on Jon Stewart's final episode on August 6, 2015.

Jeff Ross
July 22, 1996
June 18, 1997
Contributing correspondent.

Denny Siegel
February 2, 1999
April 15, 1999
Contributing correspondent.

Jeff Stilson
October 9, 1998
January 18, 1999
Contributing correspondent.

Miriam Tolan
June 15, 2000
July 25, 2001
Contributing correspondent. Also occasionally filled in for Nancy Walls on "Dollars and "Cents""

Brian Unger
July 22, 1996
December 16, 1998
"Backfire", was one of The Daily Show's original correspondents.

David Wain
July 23, 1996
August 6, 1996
Contributing correspondent.

Matt Walsh
May 2, 2001
June 25, 2002
News You Can Utilize, "Dollars and "Cents"", had his own The Daily Show special in May 2002 called "Matt Walsh Goes to Hawaii". Walsh was among the former correspondents who made an appearance on Jon Stewart's final episode on August 6, 2015.

Lauren Weedman
July 16, 2001
October 7, 2002
"Dollars and "Cents"", "We Love Showbiz".

Jessica Williams
January 11, 2012
June 30, 2016
Senior Youth Correspondent. Senior Beyoncé Correspondent. Senior Congressional Correspondent. Senior Campaign Correspondent. Senior Political Correspondent.

Bob Wiltfong
April 6, 2004
December 1, 2005
Contributing correspondent.

Lizz Winstead
July 22, 1996
December 18, 1997
Original correspondent and co-creator of The Daily Show.

Stacey Grenrock-Woods
April 2, 1998
July 14, 2003
Contributing correspondent.

text: Contributors[edit]

text:
Name
Year Joined
Year Left
Notes

Amy Atkins
March 10, 1998
March 23, 1998
Contributor.

Dave Attell
April 1, 1999
January 22, 2002
Contributor, "The Ugly American". On August 6, 2015, Attell made a return appearance to say goodbye to Jon Stewart on his final episode.

Michael Blieden
July 30, 1996
January 24, 2000
Contributor, original host of "Ad Nauseam".

John Bloom
July 25, 1996
June 20, 2000
Contributor, "God Stuff".

Rich Brown
October 20, 1998
May 9, 2000
Contributor, "Public Excess". Also a one-time correspondent.

Sameer Butt
December 4, 1997
April 16, 1998
Contributor.

Eliza Cossio
May 16, 2016
January 24, 2017
Newest Contributor; Senior Latina Contributor

Frank DeCaro
October 10, 1996
March 19, 2003
Contributor, "Out at the Movies"; he currently hosts his own program on Sirius Satellite Radio and was a celebrity panelist on GSN's revival of I've Got a Secret.

Mick Foley
November 19, 2009
June 18, 2013
Contributor, "Senior Ass Kicker".

Dave Gorman
April 24, 2006
October 5, 2006
Contributor, "Poll Smoking"; appeared on the show once as a guest in 2001 to promote Are You Dave Gorman?.

Al Greenwood
March 16, 1998
October 18, 2000
Contributor, "Al Up in That". Greenwood (known for his local "Bedspread King" commercials) appeared as the show's "elderly consumer advocate". In 2000, he hosted The Daily Show special "Al Greenwood's Wrinkled Nuts", a best-of collection of the correspondent's field interviews with elderly residents. Greenwood died on June 6, 2001, at age 93. An "in memoriam" clip for Greenwood was shown as the "Moment of Zen" on the show that week.

Buck Henry
January 31, 2007
September 24, 2007
Contributor, "The Henry Stops Here", Senior Historical Perspectivist.

John Hodgman
January 16, 2006
June 4, 2015
Resident Expert, Deranged Millionaire, "You're Welcome", "Exper-teasers"; "Money Talks"; appeared on the show once as a guest in November 2005 to promote The Areas of My Expertise.

Tom Johnson
May 11, 2000
October 2, 2001
Contributor, "Lord Viper Scorpion".

Andy Kindler
October 19, 2000
March 21, 2001
Contributor, "TV Guy".

Robert Knight
February 4, 1997
April 23, 1997
Contributor.

Ed Lover
September 30, 1996
December 19, 1996
Contributor, "Ed Lover's America".

Adam Lowitt
December 9, 2015
March 2, 2017
Senior Jewish Correspondent

Demetri Martin
November 14, 2005
February 28, 2008
Contributor, "Trendspotting". Left to star in his own Comedy Central show, Important Things with Demetri Martin.

Molly Pesce
February 24, 1996
May 28, 1998
Originally co-hosted The Daily Show's movie review segments with Frank DeCaro. Eventually, DeCaro would go solo with his own segment "Out at the Movies" in 1997.

Kristen Schaal
March 13, 2008
March 1, 2016
Women's Issues Correspondent; married to long-time Daily Show writer Rich Blomquist.

Tom Shillue
September 29, 1998
July 20, 2000
Contributor, "This Week in Hate". Become a correspondent in 2000 before leaving.

Campbell Smith
May 8, 2001
January 14, 2002
Contributor, "Dollars and "Cents"".

William Stephenson
April 20, 1999
August 27, 1999
Contributor, "What I'm Sayin".

Paul F. Tompkins
August 6, 1998
December 3, 1998
Contributor, "Us People's Weekly Entertainment".

Larry Wilmore
August 22, 2006
December 2, 2014
Senior Black Correspondent, "Wilmore-Oliver Investigates". Left to host The Nightly Show with Larry Wilmore. On August 6, 2015, Wilmore made a return appearance to say goodbye to Jon Stewart on his final episode.

Michelle Wolf
April 7, 2016
November 15, 2017
Senior Women's Issues Correspondent

Bassem Youssef
February 10, 2015
April 14, 2015
Senior Middle East Correspondent. The host of Al-Bernameg (The Program), a satirical news program broadcast in Egypt from 2011 to 2014. The press has compared Youssef with Stewart, who served as an inspiration for Youssef to begin his career.[4][5][6] On August 6, 2015, Youssef made a return appearance to say goodbye to Jon Stewart on his final episode.

text: Timeline chart[edit]

text:
List of The Daily Show correspondents (3 years or more)

1990s

2000s

2010s

96
97
98
99
00
01
02
03
04
05
06
07
08
09
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18

Host: Craig Kilborn
Host: Jon Stewart
Host: Trevor Noah

Ronny Chieng

Desi Lydic

Roy Wood Jr.

Hasan Minhaj

Jordan Klepper

Jessica Williams

Al Madrigal

Aasif Mandvi

Jason Jones

Samantha Bee

John Oliver

Wyatt Cenac

Rob Riggle

Dan Bakkedahl

Rob Corddry

Ed Helms

Steve Carell

Stephen Colbert

Mo Rocca

Stacey Grenrock-Woods

Nancy Walls

Vance DeGeneres

Beth Littleford

A. Whitney Brown

Brian Unger