document_title: The Great British Bake Off

question_text: how many episodes in great british bake off 2017

text: The Great British Bake Off

text: Format[edit]

text: The programme operates on a weekly elimination process to find the best all-around baker from the contestants, who are all amateurs. The applicants to the show are assessed by a researcher, followed by an audition in London with two of their bakes. They then undergo a screen test and an interview with a producer. A second audition involves the applicants baking two recipes for the judges in front of the cameras.[5] Ten contestants were chosen for the first series, twelve for the following two series, thirteen for the fourth, and back to twelve from series five onwards.

text: In each episode, the amateur bakers are given three challenges: a signature bake, a technical challenge, and a show-stopper.[5] The three challenges take place over two days, and the filming takes up to 16 hours a day. The contestants are assessed by the judges who then choose a "Star Baker" for the week (introduced in series 2), and a contestant is also eliminated. In the final round, three bakers are left and a winner is chosen from the three.

text: In the first series, the location of the cast and crew moves from town to town each week, but starting from the second series, the competition is held in one location in a specially constructed marquee. Interspersed in the programme are the background of the contestants as well as video vignettes on the history of baking. What each baker intends to bake during a particular challenge is illustrated using animated graphics. These graphics have been created by illustrator Tom Hovey since the show's inception in 2010.[6][7]

text: Series overview[edit]

text:
Series
Episodes
Premiere
Finale
Winner
Runners-up
Average UK viewers
(millions)[8][9]
Timeslot
Channel

1
6
17 August 2010
21 September 2010
Edd Kimber
Miranda Gore Browne
2.77
Tuesday
8:00 pm
BBC Two

Ruth Clemens

2
8
14 August 2011
4 October 2011
Joanne Wheatley
Holly Bell
4.00

Mary-Anne Boermans

3
10
14 August 2012
16 October 2012
John Whaite
Brendan Lynch
5.00

James Morton

4
10
20 August 2013
22 October 2013
Frances Quinn
Kimberley Wilson
7.35

Ruby Tandoh

5
10
6 August 2014
8 October 2014
Nancy Birtwhistle
Luis Troyano
10.04
Wednesday
8:00 pm
BBC One

Richard Burr

6
10
5 August 2015
7 October 2015
Nadiya Hussain
Ian Cumming
12.50

Tamal Ray

7
10
24 August 2016
26 October 2016
Candice Brown
Andrew Smyth
13.85

Jane Beedle

8
10
29 August 2017
31 October 2017

Tuesday
8:00 pm
Channel 4

text: Series 1 (2010)[edit]

text: Series 1 of The Great British Bake Off saw ten home bakers take part in a bake-off to test their baking skills as they battled to be crowned the Great British Bake Off's best amateur baker. Each week the nationwide tour saw the bakers put through three challenges in a particular discipline. The rounds took place in various locations across the UK, with the final round being held at Fulham Palace, London.

text: The three finalists were Ruth Clemens, Miranda Gore Browne, and Edd Kimber. On 21 September 2010, Edd Kimber was crowned the best amateur baker.[10]

text: Series 2 (2011)[edit]

text: The number of amateur baker contestants increased to twelve for the second series. Unlike Series 1, this year The Great British Bake Off stayed in one location – Valentines Mansion, a 17th-century mansion house in Redbridge, London.

text: All the Series 2 finalists were female: Holly Bell, Mary-Anne Boermans, and the winning contestant Joanne Wheatley.[11]

text: Series 3 (2012)[edit]

text: A third series of The Great British Bake Off began on 14 August 2012.[12] The series was filmed at Harptree Court in East Harptree, Somerset.

text: In contrast to Season 2, there was an all-male final. The finalists were Brendan Lynch, James Morton and John Whaite,[13] who won the final in a surprise result.[14]

text: Series 4 (2013)[edit]

text: The fourth series of The Great British Bake Off started on 20 August 2013 on BBC Two. The series was again filmed at Harptree Court in East Harptree, Somerset.[15] The all-female final was won by Frances Quinn, with Ruby Tandoh and Kimberley Wilson as runners up.[16]

text: Series 5 (2014)[edit]

text: The fifth series of The Great British Bake Off began airing on 6 August 2014 on BBC One. This series was filmed at Welford Park in Berkshire.[17] There were twelve bakers taking part. Mary Berry and Paul Hollywood returned as judges, whilst Sue Perkins and Mel Giedroyc continued to present the series. Richard Burr was awarded the largest number of star baker designations of any series so far, but was beaten by Nancy Birtwhistle in the final.

text: A spin-off show The Great British Bake Off: An Extra Slice, hosted by comedian Jo Brand on BBC Two, was also launched as a companion series this year. Each episode was broadcast two days after the main show but later moved to the same night. The show includes interviews with eliminated contestants.[18]

text: Series 6 (2015)[edit]

text: The sixth series began on 5 August 2015[19] on BBC One, again from Welford Park in Berkshire. Spin-off show The Great British Bake Off: An Extra Slice returned for a second series, with Jo Brand as host. This series was won by Nadiya Hussain, with Ian Cumming and Tamal Ray as runners up.[20]

text: Series 7 (2016)[edit]

text: The seventh series began on 24 August 2016 on BBC One, once again from Welford Park in Berkshire, a later than usual start following the BBC's coverage of the Olympic Games.[21] This series was won by Candice Brown, with Jane Beedle and Andrew Smyth as runners up.

text: Series 8 (2017)[edit]

text: The eighth series of The Great British Bake Off began airing on 29 August 2017.[22] This is the first series of The Great British Bake Off to be broadcast on Channel 4 following its move from the BBC.[23] The series features new hosts Noel Fielding and Sandi Toksvig, and new judge Prue Leith along with returning judge Paul Hollywood.

text: Incomplete bakes and other incidents[edit]

text: As of the sixth series, there have been four incomplete bakes.

text:
In Series 2, Robert Billington accidentally dropped his tiered showstopper while applying finishing touches to the cake. Both judges and presenters came to his aid to salvage the bottom tier of his cake. He was able to present the incomplete showstopper as a single-tiered cake.
In Series 3, John Whaite was unable to complete his bake after he suffered a severe cut to his finger on the food processor. He tried to continue working on his strudel wearing a rubber glove, but the bleeding required medical attention and he therefore had to abandon the last bake. As a result, no one was eliminated that week.[24]
In Series 4, contestant Deborah accidentally used Howard's custard instead of her own. As a result, Howard was forced to use Deborah's custard, and this was taken into account by the judges.[25]
In Series 5, during the Baked Alaska challenge, Iain Watters' ice cream melted for reasons that were not entirely clear, although the editing of the show suggested that it had been caused by another contestant's actions. He threw his ice cream into the bin in frustration and left the tent. He returned shortly after, and as he had no cake for judging (he produced his bin instead, and the incident was labelled "bingate"), he was eliminated from the competition. The event that led to his departure provoked some anger from the viewers.[26]

text: Reception[edit]

text: Critical reception[edit]

text: The early reviews for the first series were mixed. Lucy Mangan of The Guardian wondered if "competitive baking [is] a contradiction in terms" and found the proceedings humourless.[27] Iain Hollingshead of The Daily Telegraph was scathing, describing the presenters as "annoying", the judge Paul Hollywood as looking "sinister without being interesting", and that the audience would be so bored that they "could certainly forgive the cameraman if he were to commit hara-kiri in a giant pool of egg and flour."[28]

text: However, reviews from the later series were more positive. Andrew Collins of The Guardian called it "the nicest show on television" and judged it the best TV programme of 2012.[29][30] Rachel Ward of The Daily Telegraph thought the programme "had just the right consistency of mouth-watering morsels, good humour, and fascinating history",[31] while Tom Sutcliffe of The Independent considered the contest "perfectly baked".[32]

text: Bake Off was moved to Channel 4 in 2017, and reviews of the programme on the channel were largely positive, although a few felt that it did not compare well to the BBC version.[33][34][35] Mark Lawson of The Guardian described the programme on Channel 4 as "both exactly the same but also just subtly different enough", and that "only someone desperate to dislike the re-plated show could argued that [it] has soured, spoiled or binned its recipe".[36] Michael Hogan of The Telegraph thought that while "Mary, Mel and Sue might be gone but the show's recipe remains as winning as ever. The four Cs – chemistry, camaraderie, comedy, cakes – were all present and correct."[37] Anna Leszkiewicz of the New Statesman however considered that while the format had been left largely unchanged and the contestants "irresistibly likeable", "every single change to the show has been for the worse".[34]

text: Cultural impact[edit]

text: The show has become a significant part of British culture and is credited with spurring an interest in home baking, with supermarkets and department stores in the UK reporting sharp rises in sales of baking ingredients and accessories.[38][39] It was also credited with reviving the Women's Institute, whose membership reached its highest level since the 1970s.[40] The show also boosted the sales of bakery books and the number of baking clubs, and independent bakeries also showed an increase. According to one analyst, more than three-fifths of adults have baked at home at least once in 2013 compared with only a third in 2011.[41]

text: TV ratings[edit]

text: The first series of The Great British Bake Off premiered in August 2010 with moderate ratings of just over 2 million viewers for its first episode.[42] This was enough to place it in BBC Two's top ten for that week, and over the series the audience grew to over three million, with the semi-final and final both achieving first place in BBC Two's weekly ratings. During the second series, the ratings gradually increased, and it became a surprise hit with nearly 4 million watching each episode.[43] Week two was the last time that the show was out-rated by another BBC Two programme in the same week (it came second to the drama Page Eight); from then until the show's move to BBC One, every competition episode would be the channel's number one rated programme of the week. By its final episode it had averaged 4.56 million viewers, peaking at 5.1 million in its last 15 minutes.[44]

text: The ratings continued to strengthen in the third series, and the show began to beat its competition in its timeslot.[45] The final of the series where John Whaite was crowned the winner saw its highest rating yet, with an average of 6.5 million viewers that peaked at 7.2 million, which made it the second highest-rated BBC Two-originated show after Top Gear since at least 2006.[46][47] The fourth series achieved some of the highest ratings seen on BBC Two. The viewer count for its premiere episode was more than two million higher than that of the previous series,[48] while the final episode was seen by 9.1 million viewers at its peak, more than twice the number of viewers on BBC One and ITV.[49] The final episode is the most-watched show on BBC Two since the present ratings system was introduced in 2002, beating the previous record set by Top Gear.[50] As a result of its high ratings, the show was moved to BBC One.[51]

text: After its move to BBC One, the opening episode was watched by over 7 million viewers according to overnight figures, beating the figure of 5.6 million for the opening episode of the previous year.[52] A "sabotage" controversy surrounding episode four helped the show gain its biggest ever audience of 10.3 million viewers, with 2 million people who watched it on BBC iPlayer.[53] The final of the show gained an overnight viewing figure of 12.29 million, then the highest viewing figure of the year for a non-sporting event on UK TV.[54] In the following year, the top ten ratings for 2015 was also dominated by The Great British Bake Off, with seven of the year's ten most-watched television programmes being episodes of the show, topped by the final episode with 15.05 million viewers.[55] In the last series on the BBC in 2016, nine of the top ten most-watched programmes of the year were episodes of the show, with 16.03 million viewers watching the finale.[56]

text: The first series broadcast by Channel 4 opened with average viewing figures of 5.8 million, rising to 6.5 million to include those watching on Channel 4+1. Although this was the lowest figure for an opening episode since 2013, it was Channel 4's biggest overnight audience since the Opening Ceremony of the 2012 Paralympics.[57] The 7-day rating for the episode was 9.46 million.[58]

text: Controversies[edit]

text: Product placement sanction[edit]

text: In September 2012, production company Love Productions was sanctioned by the BBC for product placement of Smeg fridges. The issue came to light after a viewer wrote to the Radio Times complaining of "blatant product promotion". After an investigation, the BBC said Love Production's loan agreement with Smeg did not meet editorial guidelines and was being revised for the third series, and that appropriate retrospective hire payments would be made.[59] The BBC asked Smeg to remove a notice from its website promoting its association with the show, which it has since done.[60]

text: Favouritism[edit]

text: During the fourth series, there were accusations of favouritism towards female contestants after the last man Glenn Cosby was eliminated from the show;[61] however, similar claims were not made the previous year over the all-male final, or even the year before, when there was also an all-female quarter-final. The fourth series also suffered allegations of Paul Hollywood's favouritism towards Ruby Tandoh,[62][63] and personal attacks on Tandoh by various people including the chef Raymond Blanc.[64][65][66] Both Paul Hollywood and Ruby Tandoh denied the accusation.[67][68]

text: Baked Alaska controversy ("Bingate")[edit]

text: In the fourth episode of the fifth series, there was controversy around the elimination of contestant Iain Watters. During the final showstopper round contestants were tasked with producing a Baked Alaska. Iain's ice cream was shown as having not set and in a show of frustration he threw his bake in the bin. The editing of the show suggested that another contestant, Diana Beard, had caused the failure by removing the ice cream from a freezer, and the perceived "sabotage" resulted in a furore on social media networks.[69] However, unseen footage broadcast in the accompanying programme An Extra Slice shows Luis holding the large floor freezer that contained Iain's ice cream open as he piped the sides of his own baked Alaska, while Mel warns him to pipe quickly and close the freezer. Later in the episode, when Iain removes his ice cream to begin the next step of his dish, it is still quite soft, indicating it went into the freezer he shared with Diana without being completely frozen. Various members of the cast posted comments in support of Diana[70] and a BBC spokesman later issued a statement that "Diana removing Iain's ice cream from the freezer for less than a minute was in no way responsible for Iain's departure."[71]

text: More than 800 complaints were lodged with the BBC over the incident and some also complained to the communication watchdog Ofcom.[72]

text: Use of innuendo[edit]

text: A number of viewers complained to the BBC feedback show Points of View in the fifth series about the "constant smutty remarks" from the presenters Mel and Sue.[73][74] This series was seen as having more innuendos than previous ones; some reviewers noted the "extra pinch of saucy spice" and "the increasingly filthy-minded hosts Mel Giedroyc and Sue Perkins",[75][76][77] while the Daily Mail argued that the "smutty" innuendos made the show no longer fit for family entertainment.[78] The series 3 winner John Whaite however argued that innuendo is part of what made the show a success,[79] whilst judge Paul Hollywood described the innuendos as banter in the spirit of the Carry On films and is a part of British culture,[80] a view shared by others.[81][82]

text: Clones, legal challenges and move to Channel 4[edit]

text: The success of The Great British Bake Off led to the BBC commissioning many other series closely following the format from Love Productions for example The Great British Sewing Bee and The Great Pottery Throw Down. However the 2014 series Hair using the same format was produced in house by the BBC, Love Productions responded by making preparations to sue the BBC for infringing their copyright.[83][84] Although the matter was kept quiet, with the BBC settling out of court and compensating Love Productions,[83][84] the matter soured relations between the BBC and Love Productions.[84] In September 2016, it was announced that the BBC had lost the broadcast rights of the show to Channel 4.[85] Channel 4 offered £25 million for the show outbidding the £15 million offered by the BBC.[85] In January 2017 the BBC waived its rights to keep the program off the air until 2018, and wished the programme "well for the future".[86]

text: Awards and nominations[edit]

text: The Great British Bake Off was nominated for a Rose d'Or in the Lifestyle section of the 2012 competition and won.[87][88] The programme has been nominated a number of times in various categories for the BAFTA awards and won in 2012, 2013, and 2016.[89][90] It also won two 2015 National Television Award for Skills Challenge Show.[91]

text:
Year
Award
Category
Recipient
Results
Ref.

2012
Rose d'Or
Lifestyle
The Great British Bake Off
Won
[92]

BAFTA TV Awards
Features
Anna Beattie, Andy Devonshire, Simon Evans, Richard McKerrow
Won
[93]

YouTube Audience Award
The Great British Bake Off
Nominated
[89]

2013
Features
Anna Beattie, Kieran Smith, Amanda Westwood, Scott Tankard
Won
[94]

Radio Times Audience Award
The Great British Bake Off
Nominated
[94]

National Television Award
Factual Entertainment
Nominated
[95]

2014
BAFTA TV Awards
Features
Anna Beattie, Amanda Westwood, Samantha Beddoes, Simon Evans
Nominated
[96]

National Television Award
Factual Entertainment
The Great British Bake Off
Nominated
[97]

2015
BAFTA TV Awards
Features
Anna Beattie, Samantha Beddoes, Andy Devonshire, Simon Evans
Nominated
[98]

Radio Times Audience Award
The Great British Bake Off
Nominated
[99]

National Television Award
Skills Challenge Show
Won
[100]

2016
National Television Award
Challenge Show
Won
[100]

BAFTA
Features
The Great British Bake Off production team
Won
[101]

Radio Times audience award
The Great British Bake Off
Nominated
[101]

2017
National Television Award
Challenge Show
The Great British Bake Off
Nominated
[102]

TV judge
Mary Berry
Won
[103]

BAFTA
Features
The Great British Bake Off production team
Nominated
[104]

text: International broadcast and versions[edit]

text: The UK version of The Great British Bake Off is broadcast in many countries and it has been sold to 196 territories as of 2015.[105] The format has also been sold to 20 territories by 2015, making it the third most successful BBC format after Dancing with the Stars (Strictly Come Dancing) and The Weakest Link.[106] Many of these shows have been successful.[107][108] The Junior Bake Off format has also been sold to Thailand.[109]

text: Beginning in 2014, the US broadcaster PBS has aired several series of the show under the name The Great British Baking Show.[110] The change of name was necessary due to the fact that "Bake-Off" is a registered trademark of Pillsbury in the United States. The fifth series was broadcast as Season 1 in Winter 2014–2015;[111] the fourth series was then broadcast as Season 2 in Fall 2015,[112] and the sixth series was broadcast as Season 3 in Summer 2016.

text: The CBC began broadcasting The Great British Bake Off in Canada in August 2017, starting with the seventh series and also with the Great British Baking Show title.[113]

text: International versions[edit]

text: Current and upcoming versions include:[114]

text: Legend:      Airing or in production        No longer airing

text:
Country
Local title
Host(s)
Judges
Channel
Premiere

 Australia
The Great Australian Bake Off
Shane Jacobson
Anna Gare[115]
Dan Lepard
Kerry Vincent
Nine Network[116]
9 July 2013

Claire Hooper
Mel Buttle
Maggie Beer
Matt Moran[117]
LifeStyle Food
13 October 2015

 Belgium
De MeesterBakker
(The Master Baker)
Rani De Coninck
Sofie Dumont
Bernard Proot
vtm
4 April 2012

 Brazil
Bake Off Brasil
Carolina Fiorentino (2017–)
Ticiana Villas Boas (2015–16)
Fabrizio Fasano Jr.
Beca Milano (2017–)
Carolina Fiorentino (2015–16)
SBT
26 July 2015

 Bulgaria
Bake Off: Най-сладкото състезание
(Bake Off: The Sweetest Competition)
Aleksandra Raeva
Raffi Bohosyan
Julia Pandzherova
Yuri Baltaliyski
Nova TV
15 November 2016

 Canada
The Great Canadian Baking Show
Dan Levy
Julia Taylor Ross
Bruno Feldeisen
Rochelle Adonis
CBC
1 November 2017

 Denmark
Den Store Bagedyst
(The Great Baking Contest)
Timm Vladimir
Mette Blomsterberg
Jan Friis-Mikkelsen
DR1
28 August 2012[118]

 Estonia
Eesti parim pagar[119]
Kristjan Rabi (2015)
Indrek Vaheoja (2015)
Alari Kivisaar
Angeelika Kang
Ants Uustalu
TV3
31 August 2015

 Finland
Koko Suomi leipoo[120]
(The whole of Finland bakes)
Anne Kukkohovi
Mika Parviainen
Sami Granroth
MTV3[121]
24 September 2013

 France
Le Meilleur Pâtissier[122][123]
(The Best Baker)
Julia Vignali
Cyril Lignac
Jacqueline Mercorelli
M6[124]
RTL-TVI (Belgium)
26 November 2012

 Germany
Das große Backen
(The great Bake)
Britt Hagedorn (2013)
Meltem Kaptan (2013)
Enie van de Meiklokjes (2014–2016)
Annika Lau (2017)
Christian Hümbs
Enie van de Meiklokjes (2013)
Andrea Schirmaier-Huber (2013–2014)
Betty Schliephake-Burchardt (2015–2017)
Sat.1
1 December 2013

 Ireland
The Great Irish Bake Off
Anna Nolan[125]
Biddy White Lennon
Paul Kelly[126]
TV3
19 September 2013

 Italy
Bake Off Italia – Dolci in forno[127]
(Bake Off Italy – Sweets in the oven)
Benedetta Parodi
Ernst Knam
Clelia d'Onofrio
Real Time[128]
November 2013

 Israel
בייק אוף ישראל[129]
(Bake Off Israel)
Paula Rosenberg
Aya Kremerman
Ran Shmueli
Oded Brenner
Carine Goren
Channel 2
9 April 2016

 Netherlands
Heel Holland Bakt
(All of Holland bakes)
Martine Bijl[130]
(2013–15)
André van Duin
(2016–present)
Robèrt van Beckhoven
Janny van der Heijden
MAX (NPO 1)
5 June 2013[131]

 Norway
Hele Norge Baker
(All of Norway Bakes)
Line Verndal
Pascal Dupuy
Øyvind Lofthus[132]
TV3[133]
10 March 2013[134]

 Poland
Bake Off – Ale Ciacho!
(Bake Off – What A Cake!)
Anna Gacek
Paulina Mikuła[135]
Krzysztof Ilnicki
Gosia Molska[136]
TVP2
5 September 2016[137]

 Portugal
Best Bakery – A Melhor Pastelaria de Portugal
(Best Bakery – The Best Pastry in Portugal)
Ana Guiomar
Luca Arguelles
Telmo Moutinho
SIC
3 October 2016

 Romania
Bake Off Romania[138]
Nicolle Stanese[139]
Alex Stan
Simona Pope
Tudor Constantinescu
Pro TV
29 February 2016[140]

 South Africa
The Great South African Bake Off[141]
Anne Hirsch
Lentswe Bhengu
Shirley Guy
Tjaart Walraven
BBC Lifestyle
8 October 2015

 Sweden
Hela Sverige bakar[142]
(All of Sweden Bakes)
Tilde de Paula
Johan Sörberg
Birgitta Rasmussen
TV4 (Sjuan)
20 September 2012

Hela kändis-Sverige bakar[143]
(Celebrity All of Sweden Bakes)
11 November 2014

 Turkey
Ver Fırına
Burcu Esmersoy
Arda Türkmen
Emel Başdoğan
TV8[144]
20 October 2014[145]

 Ukraine
Великий пекарський турнір
(Great Bakers Tournament)
Yuri Gorbunov[146]
Serge Markovic
Catherine Ahronik
Olga Ganushchak
1+1[147]
1 September 2013[148]

 United States
The American Baking Competition[149][150]
Jeff Foxworthy
Marcela Valladolid
Paul Hollywood
CBS[151]
29 May 2013[152]

 United States
The Great American Baking Show
Ayesha Curry
Anthony Adams
Mary Berry
Johnny Iuzzini
ABC
30 November 2015 (as The Great Holiday Baking Show)[153][154][155][156]

text: The Great Sport Relief Bake Off[edit]

text:
The Great Sport Relief Bake Off

Genre

Cooking
Baking

Presented by

Mel Giedroyc
Jennifer Saunders (2016)
Ed Byrne (2014, 2016)
Sarah Millican (2016)
Sue Perkins (2014)
Jo Brand (2014)
Omid Djalili (2014)

Judges

Mary Berry
Paul Hollywood

Country of origin
United Kingdom

Original language(s)
English

No. of series
3

No. of episodes
12

Production

Running time
60 minutes

Production company(s)
Love Productions

Release

Original network
BBC Two (2012–2013)
BBC One (2014–2016)

Picture format
16:9

Original release
10 January 2012 (2012-01-10) – 23 February 2016 (2016-02-23)

Website
thegreatbritishbakeoff.co.uk

text: Episode viewing figures from BARB.[157]

text: Series 1 (2012)[edit]

text:
Episode No.
Signature Challenge
Technical Challenge
Showstopper Challenge
Contestants
Airdate
Viewers
(millions)

1
Traybake
Wholemeal Cheese Scones
Meringue Dessert
Angela Griffin
10 January 2012 (2012-01-10)
3.52

James Wong

Joe Swift

Sarah Hadland

2
Savoury Flan
Banana & Chocolate Chip Loaves
Layered Cake
Arlene Phillips
11 January 2012 (2012-01-11)
2.79

Fi Glover

Gus Casely-Hayford

Saira Khan

3
Classic Crumble
Coffee & Walnut Cake
24 Miniature Tarts
Alex Deakin
12 January 2012 (2012-01-12)
2.56

Alex Langlands

Anita Rani

Pearl Lowe

4
Trio of Baked Biscuits
6 Sausage Rolls
Covered Tiered Occasion Cake
Angela Griffin
13 January 2012 (2012-01-13)
3.43

Anita Rani

Fi Glover

text: Series 2 (2014)[edit]

text:
Episode No.
Guest host
Signature Challenge
Technical Challenge
Showstopper Challenge
Contestants
Airdate
Viewers
(millions)

1
Sue Perkins
12 Sandwich Biscuits
Tarte Tatin
3D Novelty Cake
Bonnie Wright
13 January 2014 (2014-01-13)
4.37

Johnny Vaughan

Michael Vaughan

Samantha Bond

2
Jo Brand
12 Gingerbread Biscuits
Banoffee Pie
Chocolate Cake
Greg Rutherford
14 January 2014 (2014-01-14)
5.07

Jane Horrocks

Jason Gardiner

Kirsty Young

3
Omid Djalili
Traybake
Iced Ring Dougnuts
Layered Cakes
Emma Freud
15 January 2014 (2014-01-15)
5.02

Jamelia[158]

Michael Ball

Victoria Pendleton

4
Ed Byrne
Pizzas
Eccles Cakes
Tiered Cakes
Alistair McGowan
16 January 2014 (2014-01-16)
4.94

Doon Mackichan

Helen Skelton

Rochelle Humes

text: Series 3 (2016)[edit]

text:
Episode No.
Guest host
Signature Challenge
Technical Challenge
Showstopper Challenge
Contestants
Airdate
Viewers
(millions)

1
Mel Giedroyc
Canapés
Paris–Brest
Trophy Cake
David James
27 January 2016 (2016-01-27)
6.03

Jason Manford

Maddy Hill

Samantha Cameron

2
Jennifer Saunders
American Muffins
Football Pie
Tiered Cake
Chris Kamara
3 February 2016 (2016-02-03)
7.44

Ed Balls

Kimberley Walsh

Victoria Coren Mitchell

3
Ed Byrne
Savoury tarts
Chocolate and Beetroot Tray Bake
3D Biscuits
Geri Horner
17 February 2016 (2016-02-17)
7.12

Jermaine Jenas

John Simpson

Louise Redknapp

4
Sarah Millican
Open-top Pie
Salmon Roulade
Cupcakes
Ade Edmondson
24 February 2016 (2016-02-24)
6.74

Alison Steadman

Morgana Robinson

Will Young

text: The Great Comic Relief Bake Off[edit]

text:
The Great Comic Relief Bake Off

Genre

Cooking
Baking

Presented by

Mel Giedroyc (2013, 2015)
Sue Perkins (2015)
Jo Brand (2015)
Ed Byrne (2015)

Judges

Mary Berry
Paul Hollywood

Country of origin
United Kingdom

Original language(s)
English

No. of series
2

No. of episodes
8

Production

Running time
60 minutes

Production company(s)
Love Productions

Release

Original network
BBC Two (2013)
BBC One (2015)

Picture format
16:9

Original release
21 January 2013 (2013-01-21) – 4 March 2015 (2015-03-04)

Website
thegreatbritishbakeoff.co.uk

text: Series 1 (2013)[edit]

text:
Episode No.
Signature Challenge
Technical Challenge
Showstopper Challenge
Contestants
Airdate
Viewers
(millions)

1
Shortbread
Custard Slices
Portrait Cake
Jo Brand
21 January 2013 (2013-01-21)
4.17

Stephen K. Amos

Lorna Watson

Ingrid Oliver

2
Iced Biscuits
Bakewell Tart
Gateaux
Warwick Davis
22 January 2013 (2013-01-22)
4.44

Duncan Bannatyne

Simon Reeve

Andy Akinwolere

3
Scones
Chocolate Eclairs
Novelty Cake
Ellie Simmonds
23 January 2013 (2013-01-23)
4.34

Kirsty Wark

Julia Bradbury

Bob Mortimer

4
Chocolate Biscuits
Lemon Meringue Pie
Comic Relief Birthday Cake
Claudia Winkleman
24 January 2013 (2013-01-24)
4.39

Ed Byrne

Martha Kearney

Helen Glover

text: Series 2 (2015)[edit]

text:
Episode No.
Guest host
Signature Challenge
Technical Challenge
Showstopper Challenge
Contestants
Airdate
Viewers
(millions)

1
Sue Perkins
Giant Cookie or Biscuit
12 Mini Fruit Tarts
Tiered Chocolate Cake
Dame Edna Everage
11 February 2015 (2015-02-11)
7.75

Joanna Lumley

Jennifer Saunders

Lulu

2
Mel Giedroyc
24 cupcakes
20 profiteroles
Marble "Building" Cake
Jonathan Ross
18 February 2015 (2015-02-18)
8.39

Zoe Sugg

Gok Wan

Abbey Clancy

3
Jo Brand
24 Shortbread
6 Mini Pork Pies
Triple-tiered Pavlova
Sarah Brown
25 February 2015 (2015-02-25)
7.92

David Mitchell

Michael Sheen

Jameela Jamil

4
Ed Byrne
Tray Bake
12 Crumpets
Vegetable Self Portrait Cake
Alexa Chung
4 March 2015 (2015-03-04)
8.21

Victoria Wood

Chris Moyles

Kayvan Novak


document_title: While My Guitar Gently Weeps

question_text: who played guitar on my guitar gently weeps

root

text: While My Guitar Gently Weeps

text: Background and inspiration[edit]

text:
The Eastern concept is that whatever happens is all meant to be ... every little item that's going down has a purpose. "While My Guitar Gently Weeps" was a simple study based on that theory ... I picked up a book at random, opened it, saw "gently weeps", then laid the book down again and started the song.[10]

– George Harrison

tag: div

text: George Harrison wrote "While My Guitar Gently Weeps" after his return from India, where the Beatles had been studying Transcendental Meditation under Maharishi Mahesh Yogi during the spring of 1968. The visit had allowed Harrison to re-engage with the guitar as his primary instrument, after focusing on the Indian sitar for the previous two years,[11] and also marked the start of a prolific period for him as a songwriter.[12][13] Inspiration for the song came to him when he was visiting his parents in Warrington, Cheshire, and he began reading the I Ching, or "The Book of Changes".[10] As Harrison put it, "[the book] seemed to me to be based on the Eastern concept that everything is relative to everything else, as opposed to the Western view that things are merely coincidental."[14] Embracing this idea of relativism, he committed to writing a song based on the first words he saw upon opening a book, which happened to be "gently weeps".[15] Harrison continued to work on the lyrics after this initial writing session.[14]

tag: p

text: The song reflects the disharmonious atmosphere within the Beatles following their return from India.[16] Harrison had led the band in their highly publicised endorsement of Transcendental Meditation[17][18] and viewed this spiritual pursuit as superior in importance to their career momentum.[19] When discussing another song he wrote at this time, "Not Guilty", Harrison said it referred to "the grief I was catching" from John Lennon and Paul McCartney for leading them to Rishikesh[20] and supposedly hindering the group's career and the launch of their Apple record label.[21] Eric Clapton, with whom Harrison collaborated on several recordings throughout 1968 as a distraction from the Beatles,[22] said that "While My Guitar Gently Weeps" conveyed Harrison's spiritual isolation within the group.[23][nb 1]

text: A demo that Harrison recorded at his home in Esher includes an unused verse: "I look at the trouble and see that it's raging / While my guitar gently weeps / As I'm sitting here, doing nothing but ageing …"[26] This version also includes the line "The problems you sow are the troubles you're reaping", which he similarly discarded. An early acoustic guitar and harmonium performance of the song features a slightly different third verse: "I look from the wings at the play you are staging / While my guitar gently weeps / As I'm sitting here, doing nothing but ageing …"[26] This version was released on the 1996 compilation Anthology 3 and was used as the basis of the 2006 Love remix, with a string arrangement by George Martin.[27]

text: Composition[edit]

text: Music[edit]

text: "While My Guitar Gently Weeps" was one of the few Beatles compositions from early 1968 that changed markedly from demo form to the official recording.[28] Harrison's demos suggest the influence of folk music, yet the Beatles' version is in the heavy rock style typical of much of the band's late 1960s work.[29] While noting the importance of Harrison's return to the guitar during this period, Beatles biographer Jonathan Gould describes the song as "virtually a declaration of his recommitment to rock".[30]

text: The song as originally issued by the Beatles is in the key of A minor,[31] changing to A major over the bridges.[32] Aside from the intro, the composition is structured into two rounds of verse and bridge, with an instrumental passage extending the second of these verse sections, followed by a final verse and a long instrumental passage that fades out on the released recording.[32] All the sections consist of an even sixteen bars or measures, which are divided into four phrases.[32]

text: The chord progression over the verses includes a shift to a ♭7 (Am/G) on "all" (bass note G) and a 6 (D9 (major 3rd F♯)) after "love" (bass note F♯) to a ♭6 (Fmaj7) on "sleeping" (bass note F). According to musicologist Dominic Pedler, the 8–♭7–6–♭6 progression represents a hybrid of the Aeolian and Dorian modes.[33] The change to the parallel major key is heralded by a C chord as the verse's penultimate chord (replacing the D used in the second phrase of each verse) before the E that leads into the bridge.[32] Musicologist Alan Pollack views this combination of C and E as representing a sense of "arrival", after which the bridge contains "upward [harmonic] gestures" that contrast with the bass descents that dominate the verse.[32] Such contrasts are limited by the inclusion of minor triads (III, VI and II) played over the E chord that ends the bridge's second and fourth phrases.[34]

text: Lyrics[edit]

text: In his lyrics to "While My Guitar Gently Weeps", Harrison revisits the theme of universal love and the philosophical concerns that were evident in his overtly Indian-influenced compositions, particularly "Within You Without You".[35] The song is a lament for how a universal love for humankind is latent in all individuals yet remains unrealised.[35][36] In the description of theologian Dale Allison, the song "conveys spiritual angst and an urgent religious point of view without being explicitly theological".[37] Harrison sings of surveying "you all" and seeing "the love there that's sleeping".[38] Musicologist Walter Everett comments that the change from the minor-mode verse to the parallel major might express hope that "unrealized potential" described in the lyrics is to be "fulfilled", but the continued minor triads "seem to express a strong dismay that love is not to be unfolded".[34] During the bridges, Harrison adopts a repetitive rhyming scheme in the style of Bob Dylan[39] to convey how humankind has become distracted from its ability to manifest this love.[38] He sings of people that have been "inverted" and "perverted" from their natural perspective.[40]

text: According to Harrison biographer Joshua Greene, the song's message reflects the pessimism encouraged by world events throughout 1968, such as the assassinations of Martin Luther King and Robert Kennedy in the United States, and the Soviet Russian oppression of Czechoslovakia.[41][nb 2] Allison writes that the lyrics represent the "antithesis of spiritual triumphalism", in which Harrison "mourns because love has not conquered all".[40]

text: Recording[edit]

text: Early attempts and basic track[edit]

text: The Beatles recorded "While My Guitar Gently Weeps" several times during the sessions for their self-titled double album, also known as "the White Album".[43] The recording sessions, which began in late May 1968, were characterised by a lack of cooperation among the four band members,[44][45] and by what Lennon's bandmates regarded as the overly intrusive presence of his new romantic partner, Yoko Ono.[46] In this atmosphere, Harrison had initially been reluctant to present his new compositions to the group.[47][48] Take 1 on 25 July – the version later issued on Anthology 3 – was a solo performance by Harrison, playing his Gibson J-200 acoustic guitar, with an overdubbed harmonium part.[27][34][nb 3]

text: Sessions on 16 August and 5 September produced full band recordings of the song. In the case of the 16 August version, an overdubbing session on 3 September marked the first time that the Beatles had used eight-track recording at EMI Studios.[47][50] At the same session, Harrison overdubbed a backwards (or "backmasked") guitar solo, as he had done two years before on "I'm Only Sleeping", on the Revolver album, but he was not satisfied with the results.[51] The Beatles then remade the basic track on 5 September[34] – a session that marked Ringo Starr's return to the group after he had walked out on 22 August, upset at the unpleasant atmosphere.[52] While Harrison led the band in welcoming back their drummer, by installing a large flower display all over Starr's drum kit,[53] he continued to think that his bandmates were not giving their best to the song.[54][55]

text: Overdubs[edit]

text: On 6 September, during a ride from Surrey into London, Harrison asked Clapton to play guitar on the track. Clapton, who recognised Harrison's talent as a songwriter,[56] and considered that his abilities had long been held back by Lennon and McCartney,[57] was nevertheless reluctant to participate; he later recalled that his initial response was: "I can't do that. Nobody ever plays on Beatles records."[58] Harrison convinced him, and Clapton's lead guitar part, played on Harrison's Gibson Les Paul electric guitar "Lucy" (a recent gift from Clapton), was overdubbed that evening.[4][59] Recalling the session in his 2007 autobiography, Clapton says that, while Lennon and McCartney were "fairly non-committal", he thought the track "sounded fantastic", adding: "I knew George was happy, because he listened to it over and over in the control room."[60]

text: Harrison recalled that Clapton's presence also ensured that his bandmates "tr[ied] a bit harder" and "were all on their best behaviour".[4] The Beatles carried out the remaining overdubs, which included an ascending piano motif, played by McCartney, over the introduction,[61] Hammond organ by Harrison, and further percussion by Starr.[59] McCartney also added a second bass part, played on his Fender Jazz Bass[61] rather than on either of his preferred Hofner or Rickenbacker models.

text: Mixing[edit]

text: Still wary that his contribution might present too much of a departure from the band's sound, Clapton requested that Harrison give the lead guitar track a more "Beatley" sound when mixing the song.[62][63] During final mixing for the White Album, on 14 October,[62] the guitar part was run through an ADT circuit with "varispeed", with engineer Chris Thomas manipulating the oscillator to achieve the desired "wobbly" effect.[64][nb 4] According to Everett, Lennon's tremolo-rich guitar part, recorded on 5 September, was retained only in the song's coda.[66]

text: Clapton's guitar contribution has been described as making this a "monumental" track. As particularly notable features, Everett highlights the increasing lengths of thrice-heard first scale degrees (0:17–0:19), the restraint shown by rests in many bars then unexpected appearances (as at 0:28–0:29), commanding turnaround phrases (0:31–0:33), expressive string bends marking modal changes from C to C♯ (0:47–0:53), power retransition (1:21–1:24), emotive vibrato (2:01–2:07), and a solo (1:55–2:31) with a "measured rise in intensity, rhythmic activity, tonal drive and registral climb".[61] In October 1968, Harrison reciprocated by co-writing "Badge" with Clapton and playing on Cream's recording of the track.[67][68] Released on Cream's final album, Goodbye, "Badge" reflected Harrison's pop sensibilities[68] and helped Clapton transition from the heavy blues style and its reliance on extended soloing, and onto the more song-based approach that he and Harrison admired in the Band's 1968 album Music from Big Pink.[69]

text: Release and reception[edit]

text: Apple Records released The Beatles on 22 November 1968.[70] One of four Harrison compositions on the double album, "While My Guitar Gently Weeps" was sequenced as the penultimate track on side one in the LP format,[71] between Lennon's "The Continuing Story of Bungalow Bill" and "Happiness Is a Warm Gun".[72][73] The song was issued as the B-side of "Ob-La-Di, Ob-La-Da",[74] a McCartney-written song that had also tested the Beatles' patience during the White Album sessions.[75][76] This single was an international hit, topping charts in Australia, Austria, Switzerland[77] and West Germany,[78] but was not released in Britain or the United States.[74][nb 5]

text: According to music critic Tim Riley, Harrison's writing contributions "regain[ed] the promise" evident in his three songs on the Beatles' 1966 album Revolver.[80] Recalling the release in his 1977 book The Beatles Forever, Nicholas Schaffner said that, in returning to pop/rock songwriting after his excursions into the Indian classical style, Harrison's four White Album songs "firmly established him as a contender" beside Lennon and McCartney. In Schaffner's description, "While My Guitar Gently Weeps" was the most instantly popular of "a quartet of more conventionally accessible pop songs [written by Harrison] that many felt were among the finest on the album".[81]

text: Among contemporary reviews, Jann Wenner of Rolling Stone said that "While My Guitar Gently Weeps" was "one of George Harrison's very best songs", and likened it to "Blue Jay Way" in that it "recalls California, the simple Baja California beat, the dreamy words of the Los Angeles haze, the organic pace lapping around every room as if in invisible waves". Wenner found the lyrics "slightly self-righteous and preaching", representing "a general set of incidents, a message, like a sermon, impersonally directed to everyone", and concluded: "I am willing to bet something substantial that the lead guitarist on this cut is Eric Clapton, yet another involution of the circular logic on which this song [is] so superbly constructed as a musical piece."[82] In his review for the International Times, Barry Miles said the song was a "great tune" with "nice hi-hats" but a "lifeless" guitar part,[83] while Alan Smith of the NME wrote: "the words are evocative and the melody line is creeping into my mind to stay."[84] Geoffrey Cannon wrote in The Guardian: "George Harrison has seen the truth, and is anxious that we should see our truth. He's a preacher, man of fire. When his songs speak of 'you,' the address is direct. He achieves his character in 'While My Guitar Gently Weeps', which, with Phil Ochs's 'Tape from California', is the first track I know that succeeds in making magnanimous love serious and touching."[85]

text: "While My Guitar Gently Weeps" became a staple of US rock radio during the early 1970s,[86] on a par with songs such as "Layla" by Clapton's short-lived band Derek and the Dominos, Led Zeppelin's "Stairway to Heaven" and the Who's "Won't Get Fooled Again".[80] In 1973, it appeared on the Beatles' double album compilation 1967–1970,[87] as one of only three tracks representing the White Album.[88] Capitol Records included it on The Best of George Harrison in 1976;[89] a year before this, Harrison released a sequel to the song, titled "This Guitar (Can't Keep from Crying)", which also served as the final single issued by Apple in its original incarnation.[90][91] The Beatles' recording also appeared on the soundtrack to Withnail and I, a 1987 comedy film set in late-1960s London and produced by Harrison's company HandMade Films.[92]

text: Despite his reluctance to record "While My Guitar Gently Weeps", McCartney later identified it as one of his favourite selections on the 1995–96 Anthology outtakes series,[93] and he grouped the song with "Something" and "Here Comes the Sun" as candidates for Harrison's "greatest track".[94] Starr paired it with "Something" as "Two of the finest love songs ever written", adding: "they're really on a par with what John and Paul or anyone else of that time wrote."[94] In their written tributes to Harrison following his death in November 2001, Mick Jagger and Keith Richards each expressed their admiration for the song.[95] Jagger said: "It's lovely, plaintive. Only a guitar player could write that ..."[96]

text: Harrison live performances[edit]

text: Harrison played "While My Guitar Gently Weeps" at every one of his comparatively rare concerts as a solo artist. Writing for Mojo in 2003, Ashley Kahn attributed the track's "classic" status to its evocation of "a band falling out of harmony" and, with regard to the enduring musical bond between Harrison and Clapton, its standing as "their song".[97] At Harrison's Concert for Bangladesh, held at Madison Square Garden in New York on 1 August 1971, Clapton performed the song on a Gibson Byrdland, a hollow-body guitar more suited to jazz[98] or country music than rock.[99] He later said that this was a poor decision and, as with his substandard playing at the event, one indicative of his descent into heroin addiction.[99][100][nb 6]

text: The version performed by Harrison during his set at the 1987 Prince's Trust Concert reunited him with Starr and Clapton,[102] and features an extended coda with the guitars of Harrison and Clapton interweaving. On their 1991 tour of Japan, Harrison and Clapton performed "While My Guitar Gently Weeps" with additional background vocals. An edit combining parts of the 14 December and 17 December Tokyo Dome performances of the song was included on Harrison's 1992 double album Live in Japan.[103]

text: Harrison also featured the song in the set list for his only other tour as a solo artist, a series of North American concerts over November–December 1974 with Ravi Shankar.[104] Harrison shared the lead guitarist's role with Robben Ford, often extending the piece to eight minutes.[105] While it was a popular inclusion in a set list that barely acknowledged Harrison's past as a former Beatle, his alteration of some of the lyrics – so that his guitar "gently smiles" and "tries to smile" – disappointed many concert-goers and reviewers.[104][106] Author Simon Leng comments that on Harrison's return to Madison Square Garden towards the end of the tour, his playing on the song nevertheless received a standing ovation.[107]

text: Cover versions[edit]

text: Canadian guitarist Jeff Healey covered "While My Guitar Gently Weeps" on his 1990 album Hell to Pay. Harrison participated in the recording, contributing on acoustic guitar and backing vocals.[108] Also issued as a single, Healey's version peaked at number 27 in Canada,[109] number 85 in the UK[110] and number 25 in New Zealand.[111]

text: During the Golden Jubilee of Elizabeth II concert at Buckingham Palace Garden on 3 June 2002, McCartney performed the song with Clapton, as a tribute to Harrison.[112] The performance appears on the DVD release Party at the Palace.[113] On 29 November the same year, Clapton, McCartney, Starr, Dhani Harrison, Jeff Lynne and Marc Mann performed "While My Guitar Gently Weeps" at the Concert for George in memory of Harrison.[112] This version showcased Clapton singing the lead vocal while McCartney provided background vocals and piano; Mann played Clapton's original fills and the mid-song solo. Author Ian Inglis writes that while Clapton was already "permanently associated" with "While My Guitar Gently Weeps" due to his presence on the White Album recording and the Concert for Bangladesh and Live in Japan versions, Clapton's long, closing solo at the Concert for George contained "perhaps the most expressive" playing of all these versions.[114]

text: American musician Todd Rundgren covered "While My Guitar Gently Weeps" for the 2003 album Songs from the Material World: A Tribute to George Harrison. Rundgren said of his contribution to the multi-artist tribute: "[Before the Beatles], I'd never heard the term 'lead guitarist.' George created the job description for my first paying gig, the vocation that I'm still lucky enough to practice today …"[115] Johnny Loftus of AllMusic views the recording as one of the collection's highlights, saying that Rundgren "effortlessly replicates the grandeur" of the Beatles' track.[116] As his personal tribute to Harrison,[117] Peter Frampton released a version of the song on his 2003 album Now.[118]

text: In 2004, when Harrison was inducted posthumously into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame as a solo artist, "While My Guitar Gently Weeps" was played in tribute by a large band that included Tom Petty, Lynne, Steve Winwood, Marc Mann and Dhani Harrison.[112] The performance concluded with an extended guitar solo by Prince, who was also being inducted into the Hall of Fame.[119][120]

text: Among other cover versions, the song has also been recorded by guitarists such as Marc Ribot, Phish and Charlie Byrd, and on ukulele by Jake Shimabukuro.[121][122] Toto did a cover version for their album Through the Looking Glass and in a live performance in Live in Amsterdam.[121] Santana did a cover for his twentieth album Guitar Heaven: The Greatest Guitar Classics of All Time, in 2010, featuring singer India Arie and cellist Yo-Yo Ma.[123] Released as a single, it charted on Billboard's Adult Contemporary.[124] In 2016, Regina Spektor performed the song for the soundtrack to the film Kubo and the Two Strings, accompanied by Kevin Kmetz on a shamisen.

text: 2016 music video[edit]

text: In June 2016, Apple Corps and Cirque du Soleil released a music video for "While My Guitar Gently Weeps". The video was created for the tenth anniversary re-staging of Cirque du Soleil's Love theatrical production.[125] The video was directed by Dandypunk, André Kasten and Leah Moyer. Ryan Reed, describing the clip for rollingstone.com, wrote that "Dandypunk's hand-drawn illustrations depict Harrison's lyrics falling off the page into the air, transporting LOVE performer Eira Glover into a series of fantastical locations. Projection mapping – and no CGI – was used to create the clip."[126]

text: Personnel[edit]

text: According to Ian MacDonald,[127] Walter Everett[66] and John Winn:[59]

text: White Album version

text:
George Harrison – double-tracked vocals, backing vocal, acoustic guitar, Hammond organ
John Lennon – electric guitar with tremolo
Paul McCartney – harmony vocal, piano, bass guitar
Ringo Starr – drums, tambourine, castanets
Eric Clapton – lead guitar

tag: ul

text: Anthology 3 version

text:
George Harrison – vocals, acoustic guitar
Paul McCartney – organ

text: Notes[edit]

text:
Jump up ^ Having contributed to "Ski-ing" on Harrison's debut solo album, Wonderwall Music, in January 1968, Clapton played on "Sour Milk Sea", a song that Harrison wrote and produced for his Apple Records signing Jackie Lomax.[24] Another Harrison composition from 1968, "Savoy Truffle", was inspired by Clapton's love of chocolate.[25]
Jump up ^ Greene comments that "Wilting Flowers" was the title of Time magazine's article summarising the year.[41] By contrast, at the start of 1968, Life had declared it "the Year of the Guru", partly as a result of the Beatles' championing of Eastern religion,[19] and had featured the Maharishi on the cover of the magazine.[42]
Jump up ^ This version remained in EMI's archives through the 1980s.[48] It was first presented for public hearing when Abbey Road Studios (formerly EMI Studios) hosted The Beatles at Abbey Road in 1983,[27] at which point EMI reported that Harrison was keen that the song be released "as soon as possible".[49] When remixing the recording for inclusion on the planned Sessions compilation album in 1984, however (and as later heard on Anthology 3), Geoff Emerick chose to loop and repeat Harrison's concluding guitar phrase into a fadeout, and increased the volume of the harmonium.[27]
Jump up ^ In Ken Scott's recollection, the need to manually work the ADT oscillation was a result of the Beatles' impatience to use EMI's new eight-track recording equipment. The company's technical engineers had yet to carry out the conversion necessary to allow the effect to be applied automatically.[65]
Jump up ^ "While My Guitar Gently Weeps" was listed with "Ob-La-Di, Ob-La-Da", as a double A-side, when the single topped Australia's Go-Set National Top 40 chart.[79]
Jump up ^ This 1971 performance of the song was included on Harrison's 2009 compilation album Let It Roll.[101]

tag: ol


document_title: Rick and Morty

question_text: what state does rick and morty take place in

text: Rick and Morty

text: Premise

text: The show revolves around the adventures of the members of the Smith household, which consists of parents Jerry and Beth, their kids Summer and Morty, and Beth's father, Rick Sanchez, who lives with them as a guest. According to Justin Roiland, the family lives outside of Seattle in the U.S. state of Washington.[1] The adventures of Rick and Morty, however, take place across an infinite number of realities, with the characters travelling to other planets and dimensions through portals and Rick's flying car.

text: Rick is an eccentric and alcoholic mad scientist, who eschews many ordinary conventions such as school, marriage, love, and family. He frequently goes on adventures with his 14-year-old grandson, Morty, a kind but easily distressed boy, whose naive but grounded moral compass plays counterpoint to Rick's Machiavellian ego. Morty's 17-year-old sister, Summer, is a more conventional teenager, who worries about improving her status among her peers and sometimes follows Rick and Morty on their adventures. The kids' mother, Beth, is a generally level-headed person and assertive force in the household, though self-conscious about her professional role as a horse doctor. She is dissatisfied with her marriage with Jerry, a simple-minded and insecure person, who disapproves of Rick's influence over his family.

text: Different versions of the characters inhabit other dimensions throughout the multiverse and their personal characteristics can vary from one reality to another. The show's original Rick identifies himself as "Rick Sanchez of Earth Dimension C-137", in reference to his original universe, but this doesn't necessarily apply to every other member of the Smith household. For instance, in the first-season episode "Rick Potion #9", after turning the entire world population into monsters, Rick and Morty move to a different dimension, leaving Summer, Beth and Jerry behind.

text: Production

text: Development

text: Rick and Morty was created by Justin Roiland and Dan Harmon. The duo first met at Channel 101, a non-profit monthly short film festival in Los Angeles co-founded by Harmon.[2] At Channel 101, participants submit a short film in the format of a pilot, and a live audience decides which pilots continue as a series. Roiland, then a producer on reality programming, began submitting content to the festival a year after its launch, in 2004. His pilots typically consisted of shock value—"sick and twisted" elements that received a confused reaction from the audience.[2] Nevertheless, Harmon took a liking to his humor and the two began collaborating. In 2006, Roiland was fired from working on a television series he regarded as intensely creatively stifling, and funneled his creative energies into creating a webisode for Channel 101. The result was The Real Animated Adventures of Doc and Mharti, an animated short starring parodies of Doc Brown and Marty McFly, characters from the Back to the Future film trilogy.[3] In the short, which Harmon would dub "a bastardization, a pornographic vandalization", Doc Smith urges Mharti that the solution to all of his problems is to give him oral sex.[4] The audience reacted to it wildly, and Roiland began creating more shorts involving the characters, which soon evolved beyond his original intentions and their obvious origin within the film from which it was culled.[4][5] Harmon would later create and produce Community, an NBC sitcom, while Roiland would work primarily in voice acting for Disney's Fish Hooks and Cartoon Network's Adventure Time.

text: In 2012, Harmon was briefly fired from Community. Adult Swim, searching for a more prime-time, "hit" show,[6] approached Harmon shortly afterward, who initially viewed the channel as unfit for his style. He also was unfamiliar with animation, and his process for creating television focuses more heavily on dialogue, characters, and story.[5] Instead, he phoned Roiland to inquire if he had any ideas for an animated series. Roiland immediately brought up the idea of using the Doc and Mharti characters, renamed Rick and Morty.[4] Roiland initially wanted the show's run time to consist of one eleven-minute segment, but Adult Swim pushed for a half-hour program.[6] Harmon felt the best way to extend the voices into a program would be to build a family around the characters, while Adult Swim development executive Nick Weidenfeld suggested that Rick be Morty's grandfather. Having pitched multiple television programs that did not get off the ground, Roiland was initially very unreceptive to others attempting to give notes on his pitch.[4] Prior to developing Rick and Morty, he had created three failed animated pilots for Fox, and he had begun to feel "burned out" with developing television.[5]

text: The first draft was completed in six hours on the Paramount Pictures lot in Dan Harmon's unfurnished Community office.[7] The duo had broken the story that day, sold the pilot, and then sat down to write.[5][8] Roiland, while acknowledging a tendency for procrastination, encouraged Harmon to stay and write the entire first draft.[7] "We were sitting on the floor, cross-legged with laptops and I was about to get up and go home and he said, 'Wait, if you go home, it might take us three months to write this thing. Stay here right now and we can write it in six hours.' He just had a premonition about that," recalled Harmon.[5] Adult Swim was initially unsure of Roiland doing both voices, partially due to the undeveloped nature of the character of Morty. Harmon wrote four short premises in which Morty took a more assertive role and sent it to Mike Lazzo.[7] Adult Swim placed a tamer TV-14 rating on the program, which initially was met with reluctance from the show's staff. The network's reason behind the rating was that it would soon begin broadcasting in prime-time, competing with major programs.[5]

text: The main theme for Rick and Morty by Ryan Elder was originally used in a rejected Cartoon Network pilot Roiland made called "Dog World", which was referenced in the episode "Lawnmower Dog".[9]

text: Writing

text: The general formula of Rick and Morty consists of the juxtaposition of two conflicting scenarios: an extremely selfish, alcoholic grandfather dragging his grandson along for intergalactic and/or interdimensional adventures, intercut with domestic family drama.[4][6] This has led Harmon to describe the series as a cross between Matt Groening's two shows The Simpsons and Futurama, balancing family life with heavy science fiction.[10] The series is inspired by British-style storytelling, as opposed to traditional American family TV stories.[2] Roiland has stated his and Harmon's intentions for the series to lack traditional continuity, opting for discontinuous storylines "not bound by rules".[11] In producing the series' first season, episodes were occasionally written out of order. For example, "Rick Potion #9" was the second episode written for the series, but was instructed to be animated as the fifth, as it would make more sense within the series' continuity.[2]

text: Many episodes are structured with use of a story circle, a Harmon creation based largely on Joseph Campbell's monomyth, or The Hero's Journey. Its two-act structure places the act break at an odd location in the stages of the monomyth: after The Meeting with the Goddess, instead of Atonement with the Father.[7] Harmon has stated that his inspiration behind much of the concept and humor for the series comes from various British television series, such as The Hitchhiker's Guide to the Galaxy and Doctor Who. He figures that the audience will only understand developments from Morty's point of view, but stated "we don't want to be the companions. We want to hang out with the Doctor, we idolize the Doctor, but we don't think like him, and that's really interesting, Rick is diseased, he's mentally ill, he's an absolute lunatic because he lives on this larger scale."[12]

text: Harmon has noted that the writers room at the show's studio bears a striking resemblance to the one used for Community.[5] In comparing the two, he noted that the writing staff of Rick and Morty was significantly smaller, and more "rough and tumble verbally".[5] The first season writing staff consisted of Roiland, Harmon, Tom Kauffman, Ryan Ridley, Wade Randolph, and Eric Acosta, while writer's assistant Mike McMahan was also given writing credit. Described as a "very, very tiny little writers' room with a lot of heavy lifting from everybody," the show's writing staff, like many Adult Swim productions, is not unionized with the Writers' Guild of America.[10] The writing staff first meets and discusses ideas, which evolve into a story.[2] Discussions often include anecdotes from personal life as well as thoughts on the science fiction genre.[5] After breaking the story—which consists of developing its consistency and logical beginning, middle, and conclusion—a writer is assigned to create an outline. Roiland and Harmon do a "pass" on the outline, and from there the episode undergoes several more drafts. The final draft of the script is last approved by either of the co-creators.[2] Harmon has admitted that his perfectionism can some times be disruptive and cause writing schedule delays. For the most part, this was the reason why the third season of the show consisted of only ten episodes instead of fourteen, as was initially intended.[13][14]

text: Animation and voice recording

text: Animation for the show is done using Toon Boom Harmony, post-production work is done in Adobe After Effects, and background art is done in Adobe Photoshop.[15] Production of animation is handled by Bardel Entertainment in Canada.[16] Roiland's cartooning style is heavily indebted to The Simpsons, a factor he acknowledged in a 2013 interview, while also comparing his style to that of Pendleton Ward (Adventure Time) and J.G. Quintel (Regular Show): "You'll notice mouths are kind of similar and teeth are similar, but I think that's also a stylistic thing that... all of us are kind of the same age, and we're all inspired by The Simpsons and all these other shows we're kind of subconsciously tapping into."[10] John Kricfalusi's The Ren & Stimpy Show was another strong influence for Rick and Morty, which is why, according to Roiland, the small "w-shaped mouths" that the characters occasionally make is a reference to a similar expression that Ren frequently makes.[17] When recording dialogue, Roiland does a considerable amount of improvisation, in order to make the characters feel more natural.[18]

text: Future

text: Although there has not been an official renewal announcement by Adult Swim,[19] Dan Harmon talked about the possibility of creating more than ten episodes per season, in a September 2017 interview, where he stated "I’m about to do season 4 of Rick and Morty and want to prove that I’ve grown."[20] On October 1, 2017, similarly to the second-season finale, the animated character Mr. Poopybutthole re-appeared in the post-credits scene of the third-season finale and said that it will be a long wait until the fourth season of the show.[21] Writer Ryan Ridley, in a December 2017 interview with The Detroit Cast,[22] said that he "highly doubts" there will not be a fourth season, but he does not expect it to air any sooner than late 2019.[23] In January 2018, Adult Swim told Variety that "there is no timing to share on premiere or status of production."[24]

text: Themes and analysis

text:
Nobody exists on purpose, nobody belongs anywhere,
everybody's gonna die. Come watch TV.
“
”

Morty Smith, "Rixty Minutes"

text: Rick and Morty has been described as "a never-ending fart joke wrapped around a studied look into nihilism."[25] The series addresses the insignificance of human existence as compared to the size of the universe, with no recognizable divine presence, as described by Lovecraft's philosophy of cosmicism. The characters of the show find ways to deal with cosmic horror and existential dread, either by asserting the utility of science over magic or by choosing a life in ignorant bliss.[26][27] Co-creator Dan Harmon, talking about the philosophy guiding the show and Rick's nihilistic apathy, stated that "the knowledge that nothing matters, while accurate, gets you nowhere." To find a sense of purpose and live a better life, one needs to focus on human relationships and experiences, as the other members of the Smith household are trying to do, and not preoccupy our minds with unanswerable questions.[28][29] Other philosophies that have been referenced in the characters' behavior and observations include: existentialism,[30] anarchism,[31] absurdism,[32] and the work of Friedrich Nietzsche.[33]

text: Home media

text: The complete first season was released on DVD and Blu-ray on October 7, 2014,[34] containing uncensored audio tracks.[35] The complete second season was released on DVD and Blu-ray on June 7, 2016.[36]

text: Adult Swim has also made uncensored versions of the show available to purchase on various digital platforms, including iTunes and Amazon, with the digital releases of each season containing bonus material.[37] The digital release of the first season includes the 2013 Rick and Morty Comic-Con panel,[38] the digital release of the second season includes the 2015 ATX Television Festival panel,[39] and the digital release of the third season includes commentary on every episode, as well as seven more short videos featuring co-creators Dan Harmon and Justin Roiland.[40]

text: The first two seasons of the show are available to stream on Hulu. The first season was made available on May 1, 2015,[41] and the second season was made available on June 26, 2016.[42] The show is also available to watch on Netflix, in a number of countries outside the United States, including the United Kingdom.[37] Following the conclusion of the show's third season, Adult Swim has made a livestream marathon of Rick and Morty available to watch on its official website in select regions,[43] hoping to dissuade viewers from watching other illegal livestreams.[44]

text: Reception

text: Critical reception

text:
Season
Critical response

Rotten Tomatoes
Metacritic

1
100% (5 reviews)[45]
85 (8 reviews)[46]

2
95% (9 reviews)[47]
N/A

3
97% (13 reviews)[48]
N/A

tag: table

text: Rick and Morty has received universal critical acclaim, holding a 97% approval rating by critics on review aggregator website Rotten Tomatoes.[49] Additionally, the first season of Rick and Morty holds a Metacritic score of 85 based on eight reviews, indicating "universal acclaim".[46] David Weigand of San Francisco Chronicle described it as "offbeat and occasionally coarse... the take-away here is that it works". He praised the animation direction by James McDermott for being "fresh, colorful and as wacky as the script", and states that the series possesses "shades of Futurama, South Park and even Beetlejuice", ultimately opining that its humor felt "entirely original".[50] Neil Genzlinger of The New York Times praised the series and stated that it was "Grandparenting at its unhinged finest."[51] Todd Spangler of Variety gave the series a lukewarm review; while he found the series was passable, he contrasted it with other Adult Swim series as "often seems overly reliant on simply being frenetic at the expense of being witty" and enjoyed it as "a welcome attempt to dream just a little bigger".[52] David Sims of The A.V. Club gave the series an "A−". In reviewing the first two episodes, he complimented the animation for its "clean, simple style". He stated that while the series has "a dark, sick sensibility", he praised its "effort to give each character a little bit of depth", further applauding Roiland's voice talent for the eponymous characters.[53] The third season of Rick and Morty was the highest rated comedy show on television with adults, delivering the highest ratings in Adult Swim's history.[54]

text: Awards and nominations

text:
Year
Award
Category
Nominee(s)
Result
Ref.

2015
Annie Award
Best General Audience Animated TV/Broadcast Production
Rick and Morty
Nominated
[55]

2016
Gold Derby Awards
Best Animated Series
Rick and Morty
Nominated
[56]

2017
Teen Choice Awards
Choice Animated TV Show
Rick and Morty
Nominated
[57]

2018
Critics' Choice Television Awards
Best Animated Series
Rick and Morty
Pending
[58]

2018
Annie Award
Best General Audience Animated TV/Broadcast Production
Rick and Morty
Pending
[59]

Outstanding Achievement for Writing in an Animated Television/Broadcast Production
Ryan Ridley, Dan Guterman
Pending
[60]

text: Impact on popular culture

text: This section appears to contain trivial, minor, or unrelated references to popular culture. Please reorganize this content to explain the subject's impact on popular culture rather than simply listing appearances; add references to reliable sources if possible. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. (December 2017)

text:
On May 17, 2015, the finale of the twenty-sixth season of the animated sitcom, The Simpsons, opened with an elaborate couch gag featuring Rick and Morty, written by Harmon and Roiland.[61] Matt Groening, creator of The Simpsons, described it as "probably the most ambitious and lengthy couch gag" on The Simpsons to date.[62]
On November 30, 2015, the fast food restaurant chain Carl's Jr. and Hardee's released a television commercial, in which Rick brings several sentient burgers into a sleeping Morty's room. The burgers run amok and steal objects.[63]
On May 13, 2017, in a promotional short film for the 2017 film Alien: Covenant, Rick and Morty land on an Engineer's ship in the Alien dimension in response to a distress signal, wherein a facehugger attaches itself to Rick's face and dies from the toxicity of the drugs and alcohol in Rick's body.[64][65]
On October 7, 2017, McDonald's served Szechuan sauce, months after it was referenced several times in the Season 3 premiere, "The Rickshank Redemption".[66]
Google Assistant is programmed to recognize and reply accordingly to various catchphrases from the show. For example, if the user says "Wubba lubba dub dub", Assistant will reply either "Sorry, I don't speak Birdperson" or "Are you in pain? How can I help?", in reference to the first-season episode "Ricksy Business", where Birdperson explains to Morty that Rick's catchphrase means "I am in great pain, please help me." Another example is the command "Get Schwifty", to which Assistant replies "Ohhhh yeah, you gotta get Schwifty!", which are lyrics from the song "Get Schwifty" that was sung by Rick and Morty in the titular episode of the second season.[67]

text: Other media and products

text: Comics

text: At New York Comic Con 2014, editor-in-chief of Oni Press, James Lucas Jones, announced that a Rick and Morty comic book adaptation would be released in early 2015.[68] On April 1, 2015, the series debuted with its first monthly issue, entitled "BAM!"[69] The series is written by Zac Gorman and illustrated by CJ Cannon.[70] Artist Tom Fowler wrote a multi-issue story arc that began in March, 2016.[71] Using the television series' established premise of alternate timelines, the comic book expressly features the Rick and Morty (and supporting cast) of a different timeline, allowing the comics to tell stories without conflicting with the canon of the show.

text: Video games

text:
In 2014, Rick and Morty's Rushed Licensed Adventure, a Flash point-and-click adventure game, was released on the Adult Swim website.[72]
In December 2014, Rick and Morty: Jerry's Game was released for iOS and Android. The game consists of the player popping balloons and air filled condoms endlessly. Characters show up from time to time. The amount of balloons popped is counted and used as currency for unlocking special balloons, backdrops, and features. The game is based on a game Jerry was seen playing in an episode. The game includes micro-transactions.[73]
On August 10, 2015, a Rick and Morty-themed announcer pack was released for the competitive multiplayer video game Dota 2.[74] The announcer pack can be purchased by players and replaces the Default announcer and Mega-Kills announcer with characters from Rick and Morty, voiced by Justin Roiland.
Pocket Mortys is a Pokémon parody game set in the "Rick and Morty Rickstaverse",[75] released on iOS and Android as a free-to-play game from Adult Swim Games, released early on January 13, 2016.[76] Coinciding with the many-worlds interpretation, the game follows versions of Rick and Morty that belong to an alternate timeline, rather than the duo followed in the show. The game uses a style and concept similar to the Pokémon games, with catching various "wild" Mortys, battling them with a variety of Aliens, Ricks, and Jerrys. The game features voice acting from Roiland and Harmon.
Rick and Morty: Virtual Rick-ality, announced on July 15, 2016 and released on April 20, 2017, is a VR game for HTC Vive VR and Oculus Rift developed by Owlchemy Labs, the developers of Job Simulator.[77][78]

text: Tabletop games

text:
On June 22, 2016, Cryptozoic Entertainment released Total Rickall, a co-operative strategy card game based on the plot of the second-season episode of the same name, where players must determine which characters are real or parasites.[79]
On August 3, 2016, Cryptozoic Entertainment released Mr. Meeseeks' Box o' Fun, a game combining elements of dice games and truth or dare featuring the popular Mr. Meeseeks character from the first-season episode "Meeseeks and Destroy".[80]
On July 12, 2017, Cryptozoic Entertainment released Anatomy Park — The Game,[81] a co-operative tile-placing strategy game based on the plot of the first-season episode of the same name, where players score points by placing park tiles into the best spots within the body.[82]

text: Other

text: On May 11, 2017, the Rickmobile, a traveling shop with exclusive merchandise, made its first stop in Atlanta for the Rick and Morty Don't Even Trip Road Trip.[83][84]


document_title: Category:Indian Union Territory capitals

question_text: seven union territories of india and their capital

text: The 7 Union Territories of India and their capitals is:

text:
Andaman and Nicobar Islands — Port Blair
Chandigarh — Chandigarh
Dadra and Nagar Haveli— Silvassa
Daman and Diu — Daman
Lakshwadweep — Kavaratti
National Capital Territory — New Delhi
Puducherry — Pondicherry

text:
[show]

v
t
e

 State and Union Territory capitals of India

Agartala
Aizawl
Amaravati (de facto)
Bangalore
Bhopal
Bhubaneswar
Chandigarh
Chennai
Daman
Dehradun (interim)
New Delhi
Dispur
Gandhinagar
Gangtok
Hyderabad
Imphal
Itanagar
Jaipur
Jammu (in winter)
Kavaratti
Kohima
Kolkata
Lucknow
Mumbai
Panaji
Patna
Pondicherry
Port Blair
Raipur
Ranchi
Shillong
Shimla
Silvassa
Srinagar (in summer)
Thiruvananthapuram

text:
[show]

v
t
e

States and union territories of India

States

Arunachal Pradesh
Andhra Pradesh
Assam
Bihar
Chhattisgarh
Goa
Gujarat
Haryana
Himachal Pradesh
Jammu and Kashmir
Jharkhand
Karnataka
Kerala
Madhya Pradesh
Maharashtra
Manipur
Meghalaya
Mizoram
Nagaland
Odisha
Punjab
Rajasthan
Sikkim
Tamil Nadu
Telangana
Tripura
Uttar Pradesh
Uttarakhand
West Bengal

Union Territories

Andaman and Nicobar Islands
Chandigarh
Dadra and Nagar Haveli
National Capital Territory of Delhi
Daman and Diu
Lakshadweep
Puducherry

Capitals in India
Proposed states and territories
Historical Regions
British Provinces

text: Subcategories

text: This category has the following 7 subcategories, out of 7 total.

text: C

text: ►  Chandigarh (18 C, 7 P)

text: D

text: ►  Daman, Daman and Diu (3 P)

text: K

text: ►  Kavaratti (1 P)

text: N

text: ►  New Delhi (6 C, 85 P)

text: P

text:
►  Pondicherry (city) (3 C, 3 P)

►  Port Blair (1 C, 12 P)

text: S

text: ►  Silvassa (1 C, 2 P)

text: Pages in category "Indian Union Territory capitals"

text: The following 7 pages are in this category, out of  7 total. This list may not reflect recent changes (learn more).

text: C

text: Chandigarh

text: D

text: Daman, Daman and Diu

text: K

text: Kavaratti

text: N

text: New Delhi

text: P

text:
Pondicherry
Port Blair

text: S

text: Silvassa

text: Indian capital citiesUnion Territories of IndiaCities and towns in India