document_title: Winx Club (season 1)

question_text: when does bloom find out who she is

question_tokens: when does bloom find out who she is

text: Winx Club (season 1)

text: Episodes[edit]

text:
No.
overall
No. in
season
Italian Title / RAI English Title
4Kids English title
Italian air date
American air date

1
1
"Una Fata a Gardenia"  / "An Unexpected Event"
"It Feels Like Magic"
28 January 2004 (2004-01-28)
19 June 2004

While on summer vacation, Bloom, an ordinary 16-year-old high school girl living on Earth, encounters a battle between a 17-year-old fairy named Stella and an ogre named Knut. As Stella's magic scepter is stolen, Bloom intervenes, discovering that she has magical powers and manages to turn the tide. Stella invites Bloom to attend Alfea, a school for fairies, to fully master her new powers. Knut returns with more ghouls and a troll, launching a surprise attack at Bloom's home. Stella and Bloom call in the Specialists, a group of boys from Magix at Red Fountain, a school for boys, who capture the troll and defeat Knut. Sky, Brandon, Timmy, and Riven. The next morning, Bloom has agreed to go to Alfea.

2
2
"Benvenuti a Magix!"  / "Welcome to Magix!"
"More Than High School"
30 January 2004 (2004-01-30)
26 June 2004

Bloom arrives at Alfea, under the name Princess Varanda of Callisto, a student who had declined her admission. She is introduced to her apartment mates, Musa, Tecna, and Flora. The girls then go for a day out in Magix City. While calling her parents, she spots Knut spying on her friends, and follows him. She learns that Knut is working for the Trix: three witches from the school of Cloud Tower named Icy, Darcy, and Stormy. After pitifully trying to defend herself, Bloom is captured by the Trix, but the other girls rescue her. Bloom reveals her real name. When the girls are caught sneaking back into school, Bloom confesses her real name to Headmistress Faragonda and discipline head Griselda, but Faragonda forgives her transgression and lets her attend the school. The girls agree on Bloom's name for their group: The Winx.

3
3
"L'anello di Stella"  / "Alfea College for Fairies"
"Save the First Dance"
2 February 2004 (2004-02-02)
3 July 2004

Alfea and the neighboring boys school, Red Fountain, prepare for a ball to begin the school year. However, Headmistress Griffon of Cloudtower plans to spoil the ball as revenge for being excluded. She picks The Trix's suggestion of replacing the magic egg gifts with snake-rat eggs. While Bloom prepares her dress for the ball, she spots the Trix casting a spell on the eggs, so she tells her friends, and they reverse the spell in time for the ball. Later Bloom spots the Trix trying to steal Stella's ring, and tries to fight them off, transforming in a fairy for the first time. Although the Trix are able to escape, the other Winx girls inform Bloom that Stella's ring is safe and that they swapped the contents of the case with a baby duck (Pepe) that bonds with Icy.

4
4
"La palude di Melmamora"  / "The Black-Mud Swamp"
"The Voice of Nature"
4 February 2004 (2004-02-04)
10 July 2004

As part of Professor Palladium's field trip, the class must navigate the Black-Mud Swamp to reach a clearing in the Gloomy-Wood Forest by listening to nature and without using any magic. The boys from Red Fountain are transporting a troll prisoner but the Trix cause their aircraft to crash land, and the troll is freed. The Winx and the Red Fountain boys end up meeting in the swamp, and must work together, despite their differences, to find their way out. They encounter the troll who is harassing some other Alfea fairies, and chase him off, however, the Trix find the troll and send him away. Although the Red Fountain boys failed to deliver the troll, they remark they are starting to feel like a team. The Winx girls, although they finished last in their assignment, are commended by their teachers for their helping others.

5
5
"Appuntamento al buio"  / "Date with Disaster"
"Date with Disaster"
6 February 2004 (2004-02-06)
17 July 2004

While the Winx are on kitchen duty, Stella is invited on a date with Prince Sky (Brandon) at the brand-new Black Lagoon restaurant and also asks for help on picking out an outfit. While selecting her attire, Stella decides not to wear the ring of Solaria and gives it to Bloom for safekeeping (believing she won't need her magic powers). The next morning, Stella starts acting completely different, becoming irritable and refusing to say antything about last night. During classes, Bloom notices that Stella is absent and goes back to their dorm to check, only to find Stella has torn the room apart! An enraged Stella begins asks Bloom where her ring is, and eventually blasts her when she doesn't say. Stella then suddenly vanishes, leaving the other four to find Prince Sky at Redfountain for information. To their shock, Sky says he worked out all night and he never wrote the invitation. The Winx then decide to find the Black Lagoon, only it doesn't show up on Tecna's map, and no one in the city seems to know where it is. Just as Musa is ready to quit, a strange man gives them the exact location. The girls find a beautiful restaurant on the edge of town, though Flora finds it strange how the gorgeous tree feels dead. She quickly reveals that an illusion has been cast; revealing a run-down shack. The Winx venture inside and find Stella who begins attacking them! The girls transform, and quickly learn that the entire date was a plot by the Trix. They sent the fake invitation and kidnapped her to get her ring of Solaria! However, when she didn't wear it, they sent Darcy disguised as Stella back to Alfea to find it. The Trix also reveal the real Stella trapped in magic energy rings and force Bloom into an ultimatum; hand over the ring or Icy will kill Stella. In the end, Bloom decides Stella is more important, transforms out of fairy form and gives them the ring, while also beginning her role as the unofficial leader.

6
6
"Missione a Torrenuvola"  / "Mission at Cloudtower"
"Secret Guardian"
9 February 2004 (2004-02-09)
24 July 2004

After returning to Alfea, Bloom researches the Ring of Solaria, hoping to find out what made the Trix go to such lengths to get it. Meanwhile, the Trix use a spell on the ring, hoping to access an extremely powerful magic known as the Dragon Flame, only to have their spell blow up in their faces as the ring proves negative! An infuriated Icy throws the ring away and plans to begin the search all over again. Back at Alfea, Bloom learns more on the ring of Solaria, but also learns about the Dragon Flame. Bloom then turns to Faragonda for answers, who tells her that the Dragon Flame was the energy of the Great Dragon, who created the magical universe and later rested on the planet Domino. That night, the Winx plan to infiltrate Cloud Tower to retrieve Stella's ring (since she can't transform without it). Using the same secret tunnel the Trix used earlier, the girls sneak into Cloudtower without a hitch while the Trix are out. After searching their room, Stella finds her ring, but the tunnel doesn't reopen and the Winx are forced to find the main exit without getting caught. While exploring, the Winx stumble upon Cloudtower's archive which contains history on every person in the Magic dimension. A curious Bloom spots a book with her name on it and tries to read more on her past, but quickly regrets it when it turns into a trap that alerts Headmistress Griffin! The Winx try to make a hasty escape, but Griffin sends Bako monsters to scare them out! After using their magic to fight the monsters, the Winx are led to a dead end. In a panic to destroy the last monster, Stella accidentally sets the room on fire! As the Winx begin to suffocate, a mysterious voice guides Bloom to an exit, allowing them to leave Cloudtower. Though the ring was recovered, the Winx are busted since Griffin already called Faragonda hours ago. As punishment, Faragonda temporarily extracts all their powers.

7
7
"A che servono gli amici?"  / "Friends in Need"
"Grounded"
11 February 2004 (2004-02-11)
31 July 2004

The Winx have lost all their magic as punishment for sneaking into Cloudtower, but to make matters worse, Griselda tasks them with cleaning the entire school without their magic (or technology, much to Tecna's dismay) while the rest of the students and faculty go to a concert. Problems continue as Tecna struggles with no gadgets to help her, causing her to wear a bucket on her head and attempt to use a broom, while Musa, Stella and Bloom have a water fight, wasting their time, energy and supplies. In order to make the punishment lighter, the girls secretly invite the boys from Redfountain over after everyone has left, claiming to be throwing an all-night party. Meanwhile, the Trix use the opportunity to sneak into a near-empty Alfea to find the real source of the Dragon Flame. The boys arrive and instead learn they'll be working as janitors, though they still play music as they work. Soon after, the Trix teleport to Alfea and summon the vacuums to guide them towards the Dragon Flame, while distracting the gang by summoning a monster. The Winx and specialists quickly meet their distraction, and while the boys try to fight with their weapons, their quickly knocked aside. The Winx, despite having no magic, manage to outsmart the beast by using floor cleaner. Unable to find the Dragon Flame, the Trix depart to Cloudtower, unseen by anyone while the Specialists head back to Redfountain. The next morning, Faragonda sees the damage and hears the story from the Winx and as a reward for defeating an adversary using only wits and resourcefulness, the Winx's powers are returned to them.

8
8
"La festa della rosa"  / "A Friendship Sundered"
"The Day of the Rose"
13 February 2004 (2004-02-13)
7 August 2004

During the Rose Festival, both Bloom and Riven unwittingly fall into a trap by the Trix to divide the close relationship between the Specialists and the Winx. In the end, Riven thinks that Darcy has saved him in a racing crash and he blames Bloom for what happened then gets mad at his friends for believing Bloom over him and transfers out of the squad of Specialists along with Darcy.

9
9
"Il tradimento di Riven"  / "Betrayed!"
"Spelled"
16 February 2004 (2004-02-16)
14 August 2004

There are hostilities between the Winx due to Stella's behavior, and Musa's feelings for Riven are strained. In a fight with the Trix, the possessor of the Dragon's Flame is revealed to be Bloom.

10
10
"La fiamma del drago"  / "Bloom Tested"
"Magical Reality Check"
18 February 2004 (2004-02-18)
21 August 2004

It's time for Bloom's magical midterm test in a virtual reality machine. The Trix mess with the computer so they can enter it and test her to be sure of Bloom is indeed the one who possesses the Dragon Flame.

11
11
"Il regno delle ninfe"  / "The Monster and The Willow"
"Junior League"
20 February 2004 (2004-02-20)
28 August 2004

Flora experiments with her plants to study for her test. Stella (who had her clothes torn apart by a plant) and Tecna (who was attacked by a plant) tell Flora to move the plants. She moves them to Black-Mud Swamp. Flora seeks help from the Water Nymphs in finding a special plant. The Water Nymphs tell the Winx about a monster which has been terrorizing them and the Winx decide to fight it.

12
12
"Miss Magix"
23 February 2004 (2004-02-23)
4 September 2004

On the day before a big test, Stella enters a beauty contest. Lucy from Cloud Tower does too, with help from the Trix, who want to play a bad prank on Lucy by first making her pretty, sabotaging the performances of the other contestants, and then breaking the spell in front of everyone once she has earned the Miss Magix prize. In the end, Stella wins and kept her promise to Bloom, which was to study all night for the test the next morning. Although Stella makes a few mistakes but because she studied after the pageant, she passes.

13
13
"La figlia del fuoco"  / "A Great Secret Revealed"
"Meant to Be"
25 February 2004 (2004-02-25)
11 September 2004

Bloom returns to Earth during spring break. She discovers she can read people's auras, and she casts her doubts on a pending business deal regarding her mother's flower shop. A vision was unlocked while putting out a fire in her mother's flower shop. She also discovers that Mike found her as a baby while tackling a fire, meaning Bloom's not Mike and Vanessa's biological daughter.

14
14
"Il segreto di Bloom"  / "Bloom's Dark Secret"
"Witch Trap"
27 February 2004 (2004-02-27)
18 September 2004

Bloom's curiosity about her past and magical powers begin to interfere with her confidence and she arranges to go to Cloud Tower with Brandon to seek answers. Bloom meets a kind witch named Mirta.

15
15
"Voci dal passato"  / "Honor Above All"
"Pushing the Envelope"
1 March 2004 (2004-03-01)
25 September 2004

A pending test by Professor Wizgiz worries the Winx Club. Bloom accidentally finds the answers to the test.

16
16
"Il nemico nell'ombra"  / "Cold Spell"
"The Nightmare Monster"
3 March 2004 (2004-03-03)
2 October 2004

In another attempt to harness the power of the Dragon's Flame, the Trix send a nightmare monster to terrorise the dreams of the Winx.

17
17
"Il segreto di Brandon"  / "Secrets Within Secrets"
"Royal Heartbreak"
5 March 2004 (2004-03-05)
9 October 2004

During festivities at Redfountain, Bloom encounters Princess Diaspro, who claims she is betrothed to Brandon, whom she keeps calling Sky. Bloom finds out that Sky and Brandon switched identities, because "Sky" wanted to live a normal life for once.

18
18
"Addio Magix!"  / "The Font of Dragon Fire"
"Senior Witches Go to Earth"
8 March 2004 (2004-03-08)
16 October 2004

Upset about the events at Redfountain, Bloom returns to Earth. The Trix take advantage of the situation and attack her on Earth. The witches reveal to Bloom that she is the surviving heir to planet Domino (Sparks), and they steal the Dragon Fire from her.

19
19
"Attacco ad Alfea"  / "The Fall of Magix"
"The Army of Decay"
10 March 2004 (2004-03-10)
23 October 2004

Bloom returns to Alfea following the events on Earth. The Trix take control of Cloud Tower and summon the Army of Decay to take control of Magix.

20
20
"La scomparsa di Bloom"  / "Mission to Domino"
"Sparks of Hope"
12 March 2004 (2004-03-12)
30 October 2004

To counter the powerful magic possessed by the Trix, the Winx Club go to planet Domino hoping to find the Dragon's Flame. Redfountain is attacked by the Army of Decay.

21
21
"Trappola di ghiaccio"  / "The Crown of Dreams"
"The Frozen Palace"
15 March 2004 (2004-03-15)
6 November 2004

In the ruins of Domino (Sparks), the Winx are attacked during their exploration. In Magix, Redfountain is destroyed by the Trix.

22
22
"Il ritorno di Riven"  / "Storming Cloudtower"
"Mission to Cloud Tower"
17 March 2004 (2004-03-17)
13 November 2004

The Army of Decay forces the retreat of the population to Alfea. The Winx go to Cloud Tower in attempt to retrieve the power of the Dragon's Flame from the Trix. Riven rejoins the Specialists.

23
23
"Fuga da Torrenuvola"  / "Power Play"
"The Search for the Flame"
19 March 2004 (2004-03-19)
20 November 2004

The Trix torment the Winx for being unable to find the power of the Dragon's Flame on Domino (Sparks). The cadre and staff of Cloud Tower escape to Alfea.

24
24
"Il mistero del lago"  / "The Witches' Siege"
"Battle for Alfea"
22 March 2004 (2004-03-22)
27 November 2004

The Army of Darkness launches an attack on Alfea. Bloom is guided to Lake Fortress of Light/Roccaluce by a mysterious voice.

25
25
"Il sonno di Magix"  / "The Ultimate Challenge"
"The Great Witch Invasion"
24 March 2004 (2004-03-24)
4 December 2004

The first attack on Alfea fails. Bloom follows the spirit of her older-sister Daphne and regains her Dragon Fire powers. The Trix lead the Army of Decay in a final attack on Alfea.

26
26
"Battaglia finale"  / "The Witches' Downfall"
"Fire and Ice"
26 March 2004 (2004-03-26)
11 December 2004

As the Army of Darkness approaching Alfea and the Trix seeking to take complete control of the Magix Dimension, the Winx, except Bloom and including Alfea's students and teachers take action to fend off the Trix from completely destroying algae to the ground before the Trix use the powers of the Dragon.

RC1
RC1
"Attack of the Senior Witches"
N/A
22 May 2004

A clip show episode made by 4Kids Entertainment featuring scenes from episodes 18, 19 and 20 where the Trix attack Alfea, serving as a sneak preview to the first season.

text: Nickelodeon specials[edit]

text: Nickelodeon developed four one-hour television specials to summarize the first two seasons. They premiered on June 27, 2011.[2]

text: Home media[edit]

text:
List of Winx Club DVD releases

Release name
No. of episodes
Company
Release date
Notes

Vol. 1 Welcome To Magix!
5
Funimation
12 July 2004
4kids dub of season 1 episodes 1–5

Vol. 2 The Power Of Dragon Fire
6
Funimation
15 November 2005
4kids dub of season 1 episodes 6–11

Vol. 3 Bloom's Secret Past
5
Funimation
17 January 2006
4kids dub of season 1 episodes 12–16

Vol. 4 Stolen Dragon Fire
5
Funimation
23 May 2006
4kids dub of season 1 episodes 17–21

Vol. 5 Battle For Alfea
5
Funimation
29 August 2006
4kids dub of season 1 episodes 22–26

The Original Complete Season 1
26
Cinedigm
25 March 2014
Cinelume dub of season 1 episodes 1–26

Realm Of Magix: The Original Season 1, Vol. 1
13
Cinedigm
25 March 2014
Cinelume dub of season 1 episodes 1–13

Defeating The Trix: The Original Season 1, Vol. 2
13
Cinedigm
25 March 2014
Cinelume dub of season 1 episodes 14–26

Official Season Slogan: Bloom's Secret Past,


document_title: Robbie Coltrane

question_text: how tall is the actor who plays hagrid in harry potter

root

text: Robbie Coltrane

text: Early life and education[edit]

text: Coltrane was born Anthony Robert McMillan in Rutherglen, South Lanarkshire, Scotland, the son of Jean Ross (née Howie), a teacher and pianist, and Ian Baxter McMillan, a general practitioner who also served as a forensic police surgeon.[1][2] He has an older sister, Annie, and a younger sister, Jane. Coltrane is the great-grandson of Scottish businessman Thomas W. Howie and the nephew of businessman Forbes Howie.

tag: p

text: He was educated at Glenalmond College, an independent school in Perthshire, from which he was nearly expelled after hanging the prefects' gowns from the school clocktower. Though he later described his experiences there as deeply unhappy, he played for the rugby First XV, was head of the school's debating society and won prizes for his art.[3] From Glenalmond, Coltrane went on to Glasgow School of Art, where he was ridiculed for "having an accent like Prince Charles" (of which he quickly disposed, though not before gaining the nickname "Lord Fauntleroy"), and thereafter the Moray House College of Education (part of the University of Edinburgh) in Edinburgh, Scotland.

text: Coltrane later called for private schools to be banned and used to be known as "Red Robbie",[4] rebelling against his conservative upbringing through involvement with Amnesty International, Greenpeace, the Labour Party and the Campaign for Nuclear Disarmament.

text: Career[edit]

text: Coltrane moved into acting in his early twenties, taking the stage name Coltrane (in tribute to jazz saxophonist John Coltrane)[5] and working in theatre and comedy. Appearing in the 1981 BBC television comedy series A Kick Up the Eighties, his comic skills also brought him roles in The Comic Strip Presents (1982) series and the comedy sketch shows Alfresco (1983–1984) and Laugh??? I Nearly Paid My Licence Fee (1984).

text: Coltrane moved into roles in films such as Flash Gordon (1980), Death Watch (1980), Balham, Gateway to the South (1981), Scrubbers (1983), Krull (1983), The Supergrass (1985), Defence of the Realm (1985), Absolute Beginners (1986), Mona Lisa (1986) and appeared as "Annabelle" in The Fruit Machine (1988). On television, he appeared in The Young Ones, Tutti Frutti (1987), as Samuel Johnson in Blackadder (1987) (a role he later reprised in the more serious Boswell and Johnson's Tour of the Western Islands (1993)), and in a number of stand-up and sketch comedy shows. He played the part of Falstaff in Kenneth Branagh's Henry V (1989) He co-starred with Eric Idle in Nuns on the Run (1990), and played the Pope in The Pope Must Die (1991). He also played a would-be private detective obsessed with Humphrey Bogart in the TV play The Bogie Man.

text: His roles continued in the 1990s with the TV series Cracker (1993–1996, returning in 2006 for a one-off special), in which he starred as forensic psychologist Dr. Edward "Fitz" Fitzgerald.[6] The role won him three BAFTA awards. Roles in bigger films followed; the James Bond films GoldenEye (1995) and The World Is Not Enough (1999), a supporting role in From Hell (2001), as well as half-giant Rubeus Hagrid in the Harry Potter films (2001–2011). J. K. Rowling, author of the Harry Potter series, had Coltrane at the top of her list to play Hagrid and, when asked whom she would like to see in the role, responded "Robbie Coltrane for Hagrid" in one quick breath.[7][8] There is also an unnamed 8ft actor who stands in for the 6ft 1in Coltrane in some scenes.[9][10]

text: Coltrane has also presented a number of documentary programmes for the British ITV network based around his twin passions for travel and transportation. Coltrane in a Cadillac (1993) saw him cross North America from Los Angeles to New York behind the wheel of a 1951 Cadillac Series 62 coupe convertible, a journey of 3,765 miles (6,059 km) which he completed in 32 days.

text: In 1997, Coltrane appeared in a series of six programmes under the title Coltrane's Planes and Automobiles, in which he extolled the virtues of the steam engine, the diesel engine, the supercharger, the V8 engine, the two-stroke engine, and the jet engine. In these programmes he dismantled and rebuilt several engines. He also single-handedly removed the engine from a Trabant car in 23 minutes.

text: In August 2007, Coltrane presented a series for ITV called B-Road Britain, in which he travelled from London to Glasgow, stopping in towns and villages along the way.

text: Coltrane was voted No. 11 in ITV's TV's 50 Greatest Stars and sixth in a poll of 2000 adults across the UK to find the 'most famous Scot', behind the Loch Ness Monster, Robert Burns, Sean Connery, Robert the Bruce and William Wallace.

text: Personal life[edit]

text: Coltrane married Rhona Gemmell on 11 December 1999. The couple have two children: son Spencer (b. 1992), and daughter Alice (b. 1998).

text: Filmography and awards[edit]

text: Film[edit]

text:
Year
Title
Role
Notes

1980
Flash Gordon
Man at air field

1980
Death Watch
Limousine Driver

1982
Britannia Hospital
Striking worker on picket line
Non-speaking role

1983
Ghost Dance
George

1983
Krull
Rhun

1984
Chinese Boxes
Harwood

1985
National Lampoon's European Vacation
Man in bathroom

1985
Supergrass, TheThe Supergrass
Det. Sgt. Troy

1985
Defence of the Realm
Leo McAskey

1986
Caravaggio
Scipione

1986
Mona Lisa
Thomas

1987
Eat the Rich
Jeremy

1988
Fruit Machine, TheThe Fruit Machine
Annabelle

1989
Henry V
Falstaff

1989
Bert Rigby, You're a Fool
Sid Trample

1989
Let It Ride
Ticket Seller

1989
Danny, the Champion of the World
Victor Hazell

1989
Slipstream
Montclaire

1990
Midnight Breaks
Fat

1990
Nuns on the Run
Charlie McManus/Sister Inviolata

1990
Perfectly Normal
Alonzo Turner

1991
Pope Must Die, TheThe Pope Must Die
The Pope

1991
Triple Bogey on a Par Five Hole
Steffano Baccardi

1992
Oh, What a Night
Todd
Nominated – Genie Award for Best Performance by an Actor in a Supporting Role

1993
Boswell & Johnson's Tour of the Western Isles
Dr. Samuel Johnson

1993
Adventures of Huck Finn, TheThe Adventures of Huck Finn
Duke

1995
GoldenEye
Valentin Dmitrovich Zukovsky

1997
Buddy
Dr. Bill Lintz

1998
Frogs for Snakes
Al

1998
Montana
The Boss

1999
World Is Not Enough, TheThe World Is Not Enough
Valentin Dmitrovich Zukovsky

1999
Message in a Bottle
Charlie Toschi

2001
Harry Potter and the Philosopher's Stone
Rubeus Hagrid
Nominated – BAFTA Award for Best Actor in a Supporting Role
Nominated – Saturn Award for Best Supporting Actor

2001
On the Nose
Delaney

2001
From Hell
Sergeant Peter Godley

2002
Harry Potter and the Chamber of Secrets
Rubeus Hagrid
Nominated – Phoenix Film Critics Society Award for Best Ensemble Acting

2004
Ocean's Twelve
Matsui

2004
Harry Potter and the Prisoner of Azkaban
Rubeus Hagrid

2004
Van Helsing: The London Assignment
Mr. Hyde
voice

2004
Van Helsing
Mr. Hyde
voice

2005
Harry Potter and the Goblet of Fire
Rubeus Hagrid

2006
Stormbreaker
The Prime Minister of Europe

2006
Provoked
Lord Edward Foster

2007
Harry Potter and the Order of the Phoenix
Rubeus Hagrid

2008
Tale of Despereaux, TheThe Tale of Despereaux
Gregory
voice

2008
Brothers Bloom, TheThe Brothers Bloom
The Curator

2009
Harry Potter and the Half-Blood Prince
Rubeus Hagrid

2009
Gooby
Gooby
voice

2010
Harry Potter and the Deathly Hallows – Part 1
Rubeus Hagrid

2011
Harry Potter and the Deathly Hallows – Part 2
Rubeus Hagrid

2012
Brave
Lord Dingwall
voice

Great Expectations
Mr. Jaggers

2014
Effie
Doctor

tag: table

text: Television[edit]

text:
Year
Title
Role
Notes

1979
Play for Today
Jimmie
"Waterloo Sunset"

1980
The Lost Tribe
Border Post Guard
"Keep Us Alive"

1981
Metal Mickey
Jason
"Mickey the Demon Barber"

1981–1984
A Kick Up the Eighties

All ten episodes

1981
Keep It in the Family
Mr. Conway
"A Matter of Principle"

1982
Sin on Saturday

1982
Five Go Mad in Dorset
Female shopkeeper / Male gypsy
Season 1, Episode 1 of The Comic Strip Presents

1983
Are You Being Served
Dynamite-truck driver on CB Radio
"Calling All Customers"

Alfresco
various

1984
The Young Ones
Doctor in Episode "Bambi", Bouncer in Episode "Oil"

1987
Blackadder the Third
Samuel Johnson
"Ink and Incapability"

1987
Tutti Frutti
Danny McGlone
Nominated – British Academy Television Award for Best Actor

1988
Blackadder's Christmas Carol
The Spirit of Christmas

1989
The Robbie Coltrane Special

LWT comedy Special[11]

1990
Danny Champion of the World
Victor Hazell

1991
Screen One
Psychiatrist Liam Kane
"Alive And Kicking"

1993
The Legend of Lochnagar
The old man
TV film, voice

1993–1995
1996
2006
Cracker
Dr. Eddie 'Fitz' Fitzgerald
Three British Academy Television Awards for Best Actor (1994, 1995 and 1996)
Broadcasting Press Guild Award for Best Actor
Royal Television Society Award for Best Actor – Male
Nominated – CableACE Award for Best Actor in a Movie or Miniseries
For episode "Brotherly Love" (parts I, II and III).

1997
Coltrane's Planes and Automobiles

6-part Documentary

1998
Ebb-Tide, TheThe Ebb-Tide
Capt. Chisholm

1999
Alice in Wonderland
Ned Tweedledum

2003
Comic Relief: The Big Hair Do
Hagrid

2003
The Planman
Jack Lennox QC

2004
Pride
James

2004
Frasier
Michael Moon
"Goodnight, Seattle"

2005
Still Game
Davie
Season 4 Episode 3: "Dial-A-Bus"

2006
Cracker: Nine Eleven
Dr. Eddie 'Fitz' Fitzgerald

2007
Robbie Coltrane – B Road Britain

TV Documentary

2009
Murderland
D.I. Douglas Hain

2009
The Gruffalo
The Gruffalo
TV film (children's), voice

2011
Lead Balloon
Donald
Series 4 Episode 4: "Off"
Series 4 Episode 5: "Blade"
Series 4 Episode 6: "End"

50 Greatest Harry Potter Moments
Himself
Narrator

The Gruffalo's Child[12]
The Gruffalo
TV film (children's), voice

2016
National Treasure
Paul Finchley
TV film
Nominated – British Academy Television Award for Best Actor

text: Other awards[edit]

text:
Won Evening Standard British Film Award – Peter Sellers Award for Comedy 1990.
He was awarded the OBE (Officer of the Order of the British Empire) in the 2006 New Year Honours for his services to drama.
In 2011 was honoured for his "outstanding contribution" to film as the British Academy Scotland Awards ("BAFTA Scotland Awards").

tag: ul


document_title: Melbourne Cup

question_text: who has trained the most melbourne cup winners

question_tokens: who has trained the most melbourne cup winners

text: Melbourne Cup

text: Qualifying and race conditions[edit]

text: The race is a quality handicap for horses 3 years old and over, run over a distance of 3,200 metres, on the first Tuesday in November at Flemington Racecourse. The minimum handicap weight is 50 kg. There is no maximum weight, but the top allocated weight must not be less than 57 kg. The weight allocated to each horse is declared by the VRC Handicapper in early September.

text: The Melbourne Cup race is a handicap contest in which the weight of the jockey and riding gear is adjusted with ballast to a nominated figure. Older horses carry more weight than younger ones, and weights are adjusted further according to the horse's previous results.

text: Weights were theoretically calculated to give each horse an equal winning chance in the past, but in recent years the rules were adjusted to a "quality handicap" formula where superior horses are given less severe weight penalties than under pure handicap rules.

text: Weight penalties[edit]

text: After the declaration of weights for the Melbourne Cup, the winner of any handicap flat race of the advertised value of A$55,000 or over to the winner, or an internationally recognised Listed, Group, or Graded handicap flat race, shall carry such additional weight (if any), for each win, as the VRC Handicapper shall determine.

text: Fees[edit]

text: Entries for the Melbourne Cup usually close during the first week of August. The initial entry fee is $600 per horse. Around 300 to 400 horses are nominated each year, but the final field is limited to 24 starters. Following the allocation of weights, the owner of each horse must on four occasions before the race in November, declare the horse as an acceptor and pay a fee. First acceptance is $960, second acceptance is $1,450 and third acceptance is $2,420. The final acceptance fee, on the Saturday prior to the race, is $45,375. Should a horse be balloted out of the final field, the final declaration fee is refunded.

text: Balloting conditions[edit]

text: The race directors retain the absolute discretion to exclude any horse from the race, or exempt any horse from the ballot on the race, but in order to reduce the field to the safety limit of 24, horses are balloted out based on a number of factors which include:

text:
prize money earned in the previous two years,
wins or placings in certain lead-up races
allocated handicap weight

text: The winner of the following races are exempt from any ballot:[1][2]

text:
Lexus Stakes (formerly Saab Quality and registered as The Hotham Handicap)
LKS Mackinnon Stakes (until 2015)
Cox Plate
Caulfield Cup
The Bart Cummings (from 2015)
Doncaster Cup (UK)
Irish St. Leger (IRE)
Tenno Sho (Spring) (JPN)
Sankei Sho All Comers (JPN)
Arlington Million (USA)
San Juan Capistrano Handicap (USA)
Australian Stayers Challenge[3]

text: The limitation of 24 starters is stated explicitly to be for safety reasons. However, in the past far larger numbers were allowed - the largest field ever raced was 39 runners in 1890.

text: Quarantine[edit]

text: International horses (New Zealand not included) that are entered for the Melbourne Cup must undergo quarantine in an approved premises in their own country for a minimum period of 14 days before travelling to Australia. The premises must meet the Australian Government Standards.[4] The Werribee International Horse Centre at Werribee racecourse is the Victorian quarantine station for international horses competing in the Melbourne Spring Racing Carnival. The facility has stabling for up to 24 horses in five separate stable complexes and is located 32 km from the Melbourne CBD.[5]

text: Prize money and trophies[edit]

text: Prize money[edit]

text: The total prize money for the 2017 race is A$6,200,000, plus trophies valued at $175,000.[6] The first 10 past the post receive prizemoney, with the winner being paid $3.6 million, second $900,000, third $450,000, fourth $250,000, fifth $175,000, with sixth through to tenth place earning $125,000.[6] Prizemoney is distributed to the connections of each horse in the ratio of 85 percent to the owner, 10 percent to the trainer and 5 percent to the jockey.

text: The 1985 Melbourne Cup, won by "What a Nuisance", was the first race run in Australia with prize money of $1 million.

text: The Cup currently has a $500,000 bonus for the owner of the winner if it has also won the group one Irish St. Leger run the previous September.

text:
Melbourne Cup Year
Prize Money

2017
$6,200,000

2016
$6,200,000

2015
$6,200,000

2014
$6,200,000

2013
$6,200,000

2012
$6,200,000

2011
$6,175,000

2010
$6,000,000

2009
$5,500,000

2008
$5,500,000

2007
$5,000,000

2006
$5,000,000

2005
$5,000,000

2004
$4,600,000

text: Trophies[edit]

text: The winner of the first Melbourne Cup in 1861 received a gold watch. The first Melbourne Cup trophy was awarded in 1865 and was an elaborate silver bowl on a stand that had been manufactured in England.[8] The first existing and un-altered Melbourne Cup is from 1866, presented to the owners of The Barb; as of 2013, it is in the National Museum of Australia.[9] The silver trophy presented in 1867, now also in the National Museum of Australia,[9] was also made in England but jewellers in Victoria complained to the Victorian Racing Club that the trophy should have been made locally. They believed the work of Melbournian, William Edwards, to be superior in both design and workmanship to the English made trophy. No trophy was awarded to the Melbourne Cup winner for the next eight years.[8]

text: In 1876 Edward Fischer, an immigrant from Austria, produced the first Australian-made trophy. It was an Etruscan shape with two handles. One side depicted a horse race with the grandstand and hill of Flemington in the background. The opposite side had the words "Melbourne Cup, 1876" and the name of the winning horse.[10] A silver-plated base sporting three silver horses was added in 1888, but in 1891 the prize changed to being a 15-inch-high (380 mm), 24-inch-long (610 mm) trophy showing a Victory figure offering an olive wreath to a jockey.[10] From 1899 the trophy was in the form of silver galloping horse embossed on a 3-foot-long (0.91 m) plaque, although it was said to look like a greyhound by some people.

text: The last Melbourne Cup trophy manufactured in England was made for the 1914 event. It was a chalice centred on a long base which had a horse at each end. The trophy awarded in 1916,[11] the first gold trophy, was a three-legged, three-armed rose bowl. The three-handled loving cup design was first awarded in 1919. In that year the Victorian Racing Club had commissioned James Steeth to design a trophy that would be in keeping with the prestige of the race, little realising that it would become the iconic Melbourne Cup still presented today.[12] In the Second World War years (1942, 1943 and 1944) the winning owner received war bonds valued at 200 pounds.

text: A new trophy is struck each year and becomes the property of the winning owner. In the event of a dead heat a second cup is on hand. The present trophy is hand spun from 1.65 kg of 18-carat gold.[13] The winning trainer and jockey also receive a miniature replica of the cup (since 1973) and the strapper is awarded the Tommy Woodcock Trophy, named after the strapper of Phar Lap.

text: Melbourne Cup Tour[edit]

text: In 2003 an annual tour of the Melbourne Cup trophy was initiated to provide communities across Australia and New Zealand with an opportunity to view the Cup trophy and highlight the contribution the Melbourne Cup has made to the Australia's social, sporting and racing culture. Each year, communities in Australia and New Zealand apply for the cup to tour to their community and the tour also takes in cities around the world as part of the Victoria Racing Club’s strategy to promote the Melbourne Cup and the Melbourne Cup Carnival internationally.[14]

text: The Tour has visited schools and aged-care and hospital facilities, and participated in community events and celebrations including race days across Australia and New Zealand.[15]

text: History[edit]

text: Early years[edit]

text: Frederick Standish, member of the Victorian Turf Club and steward on the day of the first Cup,[16] was credited with forming the idea to hold a horse race and calling it the "Melbourne Cup".[16][17]

text: Seventeen horses contested the first Melbourne Cup on Thursday 7 November 1861, racing for the modest prize of 710 gold sovereigns (£710) cash and a hand-beaten gold watch, winner takes all.[18][19] The prize was not, as some have suggested, the largest purse up to that time. A large crowd of 4,000 men and women watched the race, although it has been suggested this was less than expected because of news reaching Melbourne of the death of explorers Burke and Wills[16] five days earlier on 2 November. Nevertheless, the attendance was the largest at Flemington on any day for the past two years, with the exception of the recently run Two Thousand Guinea Stakes.[18]

text: The winner of this first Melbourne Cup race was a 16.3 hand bay stallion by the name of Archer in a time of 3.52.00, ridden by John Cutts, trained by Etienne de Mestre, and leased (and consequently raced in his own name) by de Mestre. As a lessee de Mestre "owned" and was fully responsible for Archer during the lease. Archer was leased from the "Exeter Farm" of Jembaicumbene near Braidwood, New South Wales. His owners were Thomas John "Tom" Roberts (a good school-friend of de Mestre's), Rowland H. Hassall (Roberts' brother-in-law), and Edmund Molyneux Royds and William Edward Royds (Roberts' nephews).[20][21][22]

text: The inaugural Melbourne Cup of 1861 was an eventful affair when one horse bolted before the start, and three of the seventeen starters fell during the race, two of which died. Archer, a Sydney "outsider" who drew scant favour in the betting, spread-eagled the field and defeated the favourite, and Victorian champion, Mormon by six lengths. Dismissed by the bookies, Archer took a lot of money away from Melbourne, 'refuelling interstate rivalry' and adding to the excitement of the Cup.[23] The next day, Archer was raced in and won another 2 mile long distance race, the Melbourne Town Plate.

text: It has become legend that Archer walked over 800 km (over 500 miles) to Flemington from de Mestre's stable at "Terara" near Nowra, New South Wales. However, newspaper archives of the day reveal that he had travelled south from Sydney to Melbourne on the steamboat City Of Melbourne, together with de Mestre, and two of de Mestre's other horses Exeter and Inheritor.[24] Before being winched aboard the steamboat for the trip to Melbourne, the horses had arrived in Sydney in September 1861.[18][25]

text: Archer travelled to Melbourne by steamboat again the following year (1862) to run in the second Melbourne Cup. This time he won 810 gold sovereigns (£810) cash and a gold watch before a crowd of 7,000, nearly twice the size of the previous years large crowd[26] in a time of 3.47.00, taking to two the number of Melbourne Cup wins by this horse. Archer had already won the 1862 AJC Queen Elizabeth Stakes in Randwick, Sydney, and returned to win his second Melbourne Cup carrying 10 stone 2 pounds. He defeated a field of twenty starters by eight lengths, a record that has never been beaten, and that was not matched for over 100 years. Mormon again running second. Winning the Melbourne Cup twice was a feat not repeated until more than seventy years later when Peter Pan won the race in 1932 and 1934, and winning the Melbourne Cup two years in a row was a feat not repeated until more than 30 years later when Rain Lover won in 1968 and 1969.

text: Archer travelled to Melbourne by steamboat yet again the next year (1863). Despite his weight of 11 stone 4 pounds, Archer would have contested the third cup in 1863, but due to a Victorian public holiday trainer Etienne de Mestre's telegraphed acceptance form arrived late, and Archer was scratched on a technicality. In protest of this decision and in a show of solidarity, many of de Mestre's owners boycotted the third race and scratched their horses in sympathy.[27] As a result, the Melbourne Cup of that year ran with only 7 starters, the smallest number in the history of the Cup.

text: In 1865, Adam Lindsay Gordon wrote a verse in which the Melbourne Cup winner was called Tim Whiffler. Two years later in 1867 two horses with the name Tim Whiffler ran in the Melbourne Cup. (The year before in 1866 two horses with the same name, Falcon, also ran in the Melbourne Cup.) To distinguish between the two Tim Whifflers they were called "Sydney" Tim Whiffler and "Melbourne" Tim Whiffler. "Sydney" Tim Whiffler actually won the Cup.[28][29] He was trained by Etienne de Mestre, and like Archer before him raced in de Mestre's name but was leased from the "Exeter Farm".[21][22]

text: As early as 1865, Cup day was a half-holiday in Melbourne for public servants and bank officials. Various businesses also closed at lunchtime.

text: It took some years before the purpose of the declared holiday was acknowledged in the Victoria Government Gazette. The Gazette of 31 October 1873 announced that the following Thursday (Cup Day) be observed as a bank and civil (public) service holiday.[30]

text: The Melbourne Cup was first run on a Tuesday in 1875, the first Tuesday in that month.[31]

text: On 7 November 1876, the three-year-old filly, Briseis, owned and trained by James Wilson Snr., won in a time of 3.36.25. Briseis then went on to create a record that is never likely to be equalled, winning the VRC Derby, the Melbourne Cup and the VRC Oaks in the space of six days. She was ridden in the Melbourne Cup by the tiny featherweight figure of jockey Peter St. Albans. In 1876 at the recorded age thirteen (he was actually twelve, being 8 days short of his thirteenth birthday),[32] Peter St. Albans is also the youngest person ever to win a Melbourne Cup. Before 75,000 at Flemington Briseis, with St Albans in the saddle, comfortably won by 1 length in the biggest field of all time. "At 4 o'clock the starter released the 33 runners and they swept down the long Flemington straight in a thundering rush. Briseis, ridden by what one writer termed a mere child, (in the Cup) captured a rare double, the Victoria Race Club Derby and the Melbourne Cup. Shouts and hurrahs were heard, hats were thrown in the air and one excited individual fell on his back in the attempt to do a somersault. The boy who rode the winner was carried around the pack and is the hero of the day," reported the "Australasian Sketcher" in 1876. Both Peter St. Albans and Briseis have now become racing legends, and Briseis is regarded as one of the greatest mares foaled in Australia.

text: Briseis wasn't the only sensation surrounding the 1876 Melbourne Cup. Two months before the event, on Saturday 9 September, the City of Melbourne sailed for Melbourne from Sydney with a cargo including 13 racehorses, many of whom were considered serious contenders for the Melbourne Cup. The following day the ship ran into a savage storm and was hit by several rogue waves, with Nemesis (the winner of the 1876 AJC Metropolitan Handicap in Randwick, Sydney and favourite for the Cup, owned by John Moffat) and Robin Hood (another favourite, owned by Etienne de Mestre) being among the 11 horses that were killed.[33] Betting on the big race was paralysed. To the dismay and anger of the public, bookmakers, showing no feeling, presented a purse (loaded with coins) to the captain as token of their appreciation for his part in saving them many thousands of pounds in bets already laid on the favourites who had perished. Perhaps they should have kept their money, however. The outsider Briseis comfortably won by 1 length in the biggest field of all time, and in an extremely good time, so it is unlikely that the horses who perished could have beaten her.

text: 1877 is also the year that the trainer Etienne de Mestre won his fourth Melbourne Cup with Chester owned by Hon. James White. In 1878, as in previous years De Mestre fielded more than one horse. He entered the favourite Firebell (owned by W.S. Cox) who finished last, Chester (owned by Hon. James White) the previous year's winner who fell, and Calamia (owned by de Mestre) who, though less fancied, won easily[34] by two lengths. First prize was £1,790, the crowd was 80,000 and there were 30 starters. De Mestre's 1878 win with Calamia brought to 5 the number of Melbourne Cups he had won.[26] This record was not to be matched for nearly 100 years when the trainer Bart Cummings won his fifth Melbourne Cup in 1975. Bart Cummings, regarded as the best Australian horse trainer of all time, went on to win 12 Melbourne Cups to 2008.

text: In 1883, the hardy New Zealand bred, Martini-Henry won the VRC Derby, the Melbourne Cup and on the following Monday retained his undefeated record by winning Mares' Produce Stakes.[35]

text: Phar Lap, the most famous horse in the world of his day,[36] won the 1930 Melbourne Cup at 11/8 odds on, the shortest priced favourite in the history of the race. He had to be hidden away at Geelong before the race after an attempt was made to shoot him and only emerged an hour before the race time of the Cup.[37] Phar Lap also competed in 1929 and 1931, but came 3rd and 8th respectively, despite heavy favouritism in both years.

text: There are a few legends of the first Aboriginal jockey to ride a Melbourne Cup. It was believed to be John Cutts who won the first and second cups in 1861 and 1862 riding Archer. He was reputedly an Aboriginal stockman born in the area where Archer was trained, but was actually John 'Cutts' Dillon, the son of a Sydney clerk, a jockey who rode for many trainers in his long career, and who was one of the best known, best liked and most respected jockeys in New South Wales.[38] It is thought that Peter St. Albans was the first Aboriginal jockey to win the cup, on Briseis in 1876. Because St. Albans was not quite 13 years old, the jockey was too young to ride in the cup. Thus, to allow him to race Briseis in the Cup, it was argued his birthdate and parents were unknown, and from this the legend of him being Aboriginal grew.[39][40] Both these legends, however, can definitely be disproved, and history had to wait nearly another 100 years. The first jockey of Indigenous heritage to ride a Melbourne Cup winner was Frank Reys in 1973 on Gala Supreme, who had a Filipino father and a half-Aboriginal mother.[41]

text: Recent years[edit]

text:
Wikinews has related news:

Delta Blues wins 2006 Melbourne Cup
Makybe Diva wins the Melbourne Cup
Efficient wins Melbourne Cup
Viewed wins the 2008 Melbourne Cup

text: The race has undergone several alterations in recent years, the most visible being the entry of many foreign-trained horses. Most have failed to cope with the conditions; the three successful "foreign raids" include two by Irish trainer Dermot K. Weld successful in 1993 and 2002,[42] and one in 2006[43] by Katsumi Yoshida of Japan's renowned Yoshida racing and breeding family. The attraction for foreigners to compete was, primarily, the low-profile change to the new "quality handicap" weighting system.

text: The 1910 Melbourne Cup was won by Comedy King, the first foreign bred horse to do so. Subsequent foreign bred horses to win Cup were Backwood 1924; Phar Lap 1930; Wotan 1936 Belldale Ball 1980; At Talaq 1986; Kingston Rule 1990; Vintage Crop 1993; Jeune 1994; Media Puzzle 2002; Makybe Diva 2003, 2004, 2005; Americain 2010 and Dunaden 2011.

text: The 1938 Melbourne Cup was won by trainer Mrs. Allan McDonald, who conditioned Catalogue. Mrs McDonald was a successful trainer in New Zealand,[44] however, at the time women were not allowed to compete as trainers in Australia so her husband's name was officially recorded as the winning trainer.[45] The 2001 edition was won by New Zealand mare Ethereal,[46] trained by Sheila Laxon, the first woman to formally train a Melbourne Cup winner. She also won the Caulfield Cup, a 2,400 metre race also held in Melbourne, and therefore has won the "Cups Double".

text: Maree Lyndon became the first female to ride in the Melbourne Cup, when she partnered Argonaut Style in 1987, in which she ran second last in the 21 horse field.[47]

text: In 2004, Makybe Diva[48][49] became the first mare to win two cups, and also the first horse to win with different trainers, after David Hall moved to Hong Kong and transferred her to the Lee Freedman stables.

text: The 2005 Melbourne Cup was held before a crowd of 106,479. Makybe Diva made history by becoming the only horse to win the race three times. Trainer Lee Freedman said after the race, "Go and find the youngest child on the course, because that's the only person here who will have a chance of seeing this happen again in their lifetime."

text: Due to the 2007 Australian Equine influenza outbreak, believed to have been started by a horse brought into Australia from Japan, neither Delta Blues nor Pop Rock participated in the 2007 Melbourne Cup. Both horses had been stabled in Japan. Corowa, NSW trained "Leica Falcon" also was not be permitted to race in Victoria, despite Corowa being close to the Victorian border. Leica Falcon was ordained as the new staying star of Australian racing in 2005 when he ran fourth in both the Caulfield Cup and in Makybe Diva's famous third Melbourne Cup victory. But serious leg injuries saw the horse not race for another 20 months.[50] Efficient, the previous year's VRC Derby winner, won the race.

text: In 2013, Damien Oliver returned from an eight-month ban, after betting against his own mount at a previous race meet, to win his 3rd Melbourne cup.

text: Timeline of notable events[edit]

text:
1861 - The very first Melbourne Cup was held with 17 runners. The eventful race (a horse bolted prior to the start and 3 horses fell during the race of which 2 had to be put down) was won by Archer.
1862 - Archer became the first horse to win the race twice.
1863 - The smallest ever Melbourne Cup field of only 7 runners contested the race after several horses were scratched in sympathy with Etienne de Mestre's champion Archer being ruled out of the race on a technicality.
1869 - The Victorian Racing Club introduced the four-day Spring Racing Carnival format.[37]
1870 - The race was postponed a week.[51]
1875 – The first time the race was held on the first Tuesday in November.[31]
1876 - The youngest jockey in the history of the race Peter St. Albans won on Briseis aged 13 (officially), but actually 12 years 11 months 23 days.[52]
1882 – The first bookmakers were licensed at Flemington.[37]
1888 – The first Gold whip was presented to the winning Cup jockey (Mick O'Brien).[37]
1890 - The largest ever Melbourne Cup field of 39 runners contested the race with the champion Carbine (horse) winning and setting a weight carrying record of 10 st 5 lb (66 kg), which is unlikely to ever be beaten. He carried 53 lb (24 kg) more than second placed horse Highborn.
1894 – Strand starts were introduced to Flemington.[37]
1896 – The Melbourne Cup was first filmed. This race was won by Newhaven.[51][53][54][55]
1915 – First woman owner to win was Mrs E.A. Widdis with Patrobas.
1916 – The race was postponed until the following Saturday.[51]
1925 – The first radio broadcast of the Melbourne Cup was made by the Australian Broadcasting Company.[51]
1930 - The legendary Phar Lap won his Melbourne Cup (after a 3rd placing the previous year), as the shortest priced favourite in history and the only favourite to win at 'odds on' (8/11).
1931 – The first year the totalisator operated at the Melbourne Cup. The Totalisator Agency Board was introduced in 1961.[37] It was also the last of 3 Melbourne Cups that Phar Lap contested, where the handicappers allotted him 10 st 10 lb (68 kg), the heaviest weight ever carried in the race. He only managed to finish 8th behind White Nose.
1941 - Skipton would be the last 3yo to win the race until 2017. At the time 3yo's had won more Melbourne Cups than any other age group, but changes to qualifying conditions resulted in less 3 yo's contesting the race.
1942–44 – The Melbourne Cup was run on Saturdays during the war years.[51]
1948 – The photo finish camera was first used in Melbourne Cup. Rimfire beat Dark Marne. However, many on-course punters believe the result should have been reversed, and it was later found that the camera was incorrectly aligned.[51]
1958 – The first Cup start from starting stalls.[37]
1960 – For the first time the race was televised live to Sydney.
1962 – "Fashions on the Field" was first held at the Carnival.[37]
1972 - The Melbourne Cup distance was updated to the metric 3,200 metres from the previous imperial distance of 2 miles which meant the race effectively became 18.6 metres shorter. The race was won by the George Hanlon trained 40-1 outsider Piping Lane ridden by John Letts and carrying only 48 kg.
1985 – The first sponsored Melbourne Cup, and the first million dollar Cup, with $650,000 for the winner.[37]
1987 – First female jockey to ride in the cup was Maree Lyndon on Argonaut Style.

text:
1993 – The Dermot Weld trained Irish gelding Vintage Crop became the first Northern hemisphere trained horse to win the Melbourne Cup and the first Irish horse.
2001 – Sheila Laxon, was the first woman trainer to officially win the Melbourne Cup. However, Mrs. A. McDonald (1938) with Catalogue was really the first woman trainer to win.[45] Women then could not be registered as trainers in Australia, and it was her husband who was the registered trainer.[56] Mrs. McDonald's win was as a female trainer of a female owned horse.
2003 – First Australian female jockey to ride in the cup was Clare Lindop on Debben.
2003 – The first Melbourne Cup Tour was conducted around Australia, and the biggest crowd, of 122,736, is recorded at Flemington.[37]
2005 – Makybe Diva became the only horse so far to win the Melbourne Cup three times.
2008 – The "Cup King", Bart Cummings, took his 12th win in the Melbourne Cup with Viewed
2010 - 150th anniversary. Americain becomes the first French-trained horse to win the race, and Gerald Mosse the first French jockey.[57]
2011 - French based horse Dunaden wins from Red Cadeaux in the closest finish ever.[58]
2012 - The first seven finishers in the race were bred in Ireland.
2013 - Trainer Gai Waterhouse became the first Australian female trainer to train the winner of the race when Fiorente won. Her father, legendary trainer Tommy J. Smith was also a Melbourne Cup Winning trainer (Toparoa in 1955 and Just A Dash in 1981).
2014 - Two horses die due to racing in the 2014 Melbourne Cup. Cup favourite Admire Rakti, who was carrying the heaviest weight since Think Big (1975), died of heart failure in his stall after the race, and Araldo broke his leg and had to be euthanised after being spooked by a flag in the crowd after the race.[59]
2015 - First woman jockey to win the cup was Michelle Payne on Prince of Penzance who became only the 4th horse to win at odds of 100-1. Red Cadeaux, the only horse to finish 2nd in the race on 3 occasions, and a public favourite, did not finish due to a fetlock injury and unfortunately had to be euthanised 2 weeks later.[60]
2016 - Lloyd Williams (businessman) becomes the first owner to have 5 Melbourne Cup winners and Jockey Kerrin McEvoy the Jockey with the greatest timespan between his first and second Melbourne Cup winners (16 years between 2000 and 2016) as Almandin wins the cup narrowly over Heartbreak City.
2017 - Rekindling becomes the first 3yo to win the Melbourne Cup since Skipton in 1941.

text: Public holiday[edit]

text: Melbourne Cup day is a public holiday for all working within metropolitan Melbourne and some parts of regional Victoria, but not for some country Victorian cities and towns which hold their own spring carnivals. For Federal Public Servants it is also observed as a holiday in the entire state of Victoria, and from 2007 to 2009 also in the Australian Capital Territory known as Family and Community Day replacing Picnic Day.[61] The Melbourne cup captures the public's imagination to the extent that people whether at work, home, school, or out and about usually stop to watch or listen to the great race. Many people from outside of Melbourne take a half or full day off work to celebrate the occasion. Many people feel that the day should be a national public holiday as Sick leave is said to increase on the day and productivity wanes.

text: It took some years before the purpose of the declared holiday was acknowledged in the Victoria Government Gazette. The Gazette of 31 October 1873[62] announced that the following Thursday (Cup Day) be observed as a bank and civil (public) service holiday.[63]

text: Results and records[edit]

text: Most wins by a horse[edit]

text:
3 – Makybe Diva (2003, 2004, 2005)
2 – Think Big (1974, 1975)
2 – Rain Lover (1968, 1969)
2 – Peter Pan (1932, 1934)
2 – Archer (1861, 1862)

text: Most wins by a jockey[edit]

text:
4 – Bobby Lewis (1902, 1915, 1919, 1927)
4 – Harry White (1974, 1975, 1978, 1979)

text: Most wins by a trainer[edit]

text:
12 – Bart Cummings (1965, 1966, 1967, 1974, 1975, 1977, 1979, 1990, 1991, 1996, 1999, 2008)
5 – Etienne de Mestre (1861, 1862, 1867, 1877, 1878)
5 – Lee Freedman (1989, 1992, 1995, 2004, 2005)

text: Most wins by an owner[edit]

text:
6 – Lloyd Williams (1981, 1985, 2007, 2012, 2016, 2017)
4 – John Tait (1866, 1868, 1871, 1872)
4 – Etienne de Mestre (1861*, 1862*, 1867*, 1878) *The winners of these years were leased.[21][22]
4 – Dato Tan Chin Nam (1974, 1975, 1996, 2008)

text: Other records[edit]

text:
Record winning time – 3.16.30 Kingston Rule (1990)
Widest winning margin – 8 lengths by Archer in 1862 and Rain Lover in 1968.[64]
Heaviest weight carried by winner – Carbine in 1890 with 10 stone 5 pounds (66 kg) Makybe Diva holds the record for a mare with 58 kg in 2005.[65] The horse to carry the heaviest weight of all time was Phar Lap (10 stone 10 pounds, or 68 kg) in 1931 when he ran 8th.[66]
Longest odds winners – Four horses have won at 100–1 : The Pearl (1871), Wotan (1936), Old Rowley (1940), and Prince of Penzance (2015).[51]
Shortest odds winner – Phar Lap at 8/11 in 1930.
Favourites record – 34 of 150 favourites (23%) have won the Melbourne Cup.[56]
Most runners – 39 (1890)
Fewest runners – 7 (1863)
Most attempts – Shadow King made six attempts to win the cup in seven years between 1929 and 1935. He ran 6th, 3rd, 2nd, 3rd, 2nd and 4th.[51]

text: Attendance[edit]

text: The event is one of the most popular spectator events in Australia, with sometimes over 110,000 people, some dressed in traditional formal raceday wear and others in all manner of exotic and amusing costumes, attending the race. The record crowd was 122,736 in 2003. The 1926 running of the Cup was the first time the 100,000 mark had been passed. Today the record at Flemington is held by the 2006 Victoria Derby when almost 130,000 attended.[67]

text: In 2007, a limit was placed on the Spring Carnival attendance at Flemington Racecourse and race-goers are now required to pre-purchase tickets.[68] Every year more and more people travel to Flemington Racecourse, in 2016 there was A 7.8 per cent increase in the number of out-of-state individuals (80,472) attending the Melbourne Cup Carnival;[69]

text:
2017 - 90,536[70]
2016 - 97,479[71]
2015 - 101,015[71]
2014 - 100,794[71]
2013 - 104,169[71]
2012 - 106,162[71]
2011 - 105,979[31]
2010 – 110,223
2009 – 102,161
2008 – 107,280[72]
2007 – 102,411[73]
2006 – 106,691
2005 – 106,479
2004 – 98,161
2003 – 122,736 (record)

text: Off the track[edit]

text: 'Fashions On The Field' is a major focus of the day, with substantial prizes awarded for the best-dressed man and woman. The requirement for elegant hats, and more recently the alternative of a fascinator, almost single-handedly keeps Melbourne's milliners in business.[citation needed] Raceday fashion has occasionally drawn almost as much attention as the race itself, The miniskirt received worldwide publicity when model Jean Shrimpton wore a white shift version of one on Derby Day during Melbourne Cup week in 1965.[74][75]

text: Flowers, especially roses are an important component of the week's racing at Flemington. The racecourse has around 12,000 roses within its large expanse. Over 200 varieties of the fragrant flower are nurtured by a team of up to 12 gardeners. Each of the major racedays at Flemington has an official flower. Victoria Derby Day has the Corn Flower, Melbourne Cup Day is for the Yellow Rose, Oaks Day highlights the Pink Rose and Stakes Day goes to the Red Rose.

text: In the Melbourne metropolitan area, the race day has been a gazetted public holiday since 1877, but around both Australia and New Zealand a majority of people watch the race on television and gamble, either through direct betting or participating in workplace cup "sweeps". In 2000, a betting agency claimed that 80 percent of the adult Australian population placed a bet on the race that year.[76] In 2010 it was predicted that $183 million would be spent by 83,000 tourists during the Spring Racing Carnival.[77] In New Zealand, the Melbourne Cup is the country's single biggest betting event, with carnival race-days held at several of the country's top tracks showing the cup live on big screens.[78]

text: It is commonly billed as The race that stops a nation, but it is more accurately The race that stops two nations,[79] as many people in New Zealand, as well as Australia, pause to watch the race.

text: The Race That Stops The Nation is a poem about Australia’s fascination with the Melbourne Cup. Sydney born writer Vivienne McCredie wrote it in 1986. It was read out on an evening poetry radio program run by Kel Richards at the time and later published (2005 ISBN 978-0-9758311-0-6). Copies are in the State Library of NSW and the National Library of Australia.


document_title: Mapp v. Ohio

question_text: who was involved in the mapp vs ohio case

text: Mapp v. Ohio

text: Circumstances of the case[edit]

text: This section needs additional citations for verification. Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. (October 2017) (Learn how and when to remove this template message)

text: Dollree Mapp was an employee in the illegal gambling rackets dominated by Cleveland rackets kingpin Shon Birns. On May 23, 1957, police officers in Cleveland, Ohio, received an anonymous tip by phone that Virgil Ogletree, a numbers operator who was wanted for questioning in the bombing of rival numbers racketeer and future boxing promoter Don King's home three days earlier, might be found at Mapp's house, as well as illegal betting slips and equipment employed in the "California Gold" numbers operation set up by Mapp's boyfriend Edward Keeling.[1] Three officers went to the home and asked for permission to enter, but Mapp, after consulting her lawyer by telephone, refused to admit them without a search warrant. Two officers left, and one remained, watching the house from across the street.

text: Thirteen hours later, four cars full of police arrived and knocked on the door. When she didn't answer, they forced the door. Mapp asked to see the alleged warrant and was shown a piece of paper which she snatched away from an officer, putting it inside her dress. The officers struggled with Mapp and recovered the piece of paper which was not seen by her or her lawyers again, and was not introduced as evidence in any of the ensuing court proceedings. When asked about the warrant during oral argument at the Supreme Court, the Cleveland prosecutor arguing the case cautiously deflected the question, which the court did not press.

text: As the search of Mapp's second-floor, 2-bedroom apartment began, police handcuffed her for being belligerent. The police searched the house thoroughly, and discovered Ogletree, who was subsequently cleared on the bombing charge, hiding in the apartment of the downstairs tenant, Minerva Tate. In the search of Mapp's apartment and in a footlocker in the basement of the house police found a quantity of "California Gold" betting slips and paraphernalia.[2][3] They also found a pistol and a small quantity of pornographic books and pictures which Mapp stated a previous tenant named Morris Jones had left behind.[4]

text: Mapp was arrested, charged, and cleared on a misdemeanor charge of possessing numbers paraphernalia; but several months later, after she refused to testify against Shon Birns, Edward Keeling and their associates at their trial that October for the attempted shakedown of Don King,[5] she was prosecuted for possession of the books, found guilty at a 1958 trial of "knowingly having had in her possession and under her control certain lewd and lascivious books, pictures, and photographs in violation of 2905.34 of Ohio's Revised Code", and sentenced to one to seven years in prison.

text: Mapp then appealed her case to the Supreme Court, on the grounds that the police had no probable cause to suspect her of having the books. She stated that the 4th Amendment should be incorporated to the state and local level. She argued that the police couldn't use the books as evidence in trial because they were found without a warrant and therefore illegally recovered. Mapp is the first to call upon this law.

text: Decision[edit]

text: The U.S. Supreme Court voted 5-3 in favor of Mapp. The Court overturned the conviction, and five justices found that the States were bound to exclude evidence seized in violation of the 4th Amendment.[6] This ruling officially applied the exclusionary rule to the states.


document_title: Lynne Hobbs

question_text: who was kat slater's sisters in eastenders

question_tokens: who was kat slater 's sisters in eastenders

text: Lynne Hobbs

text: Storylines[edit]

text: Backstory[edit]

text: Lynne is the eldest of the Slater sisters and she arrives in Albert Square in 2000 with her family: father Charlie (Derek Martin); sisters Kat (Jessie Wallace), Little Mo (Kacey Ainsworth) and Zoe (Michelle Ryan), and grandmother Mo (Laila Morse). Unlike Little Mo and Zoe, Lynne is aware that Zoe is in fact Kat's daughter and helps keep the family secret until Kat reveals the truth to Zoe.

text: Lynne is in a relationship with hapless mechanic Garry Hobbs (Ricky Groves) and spends much of her time despairing over Garry's inability to fully commit to their relationship. All Lynne really wants is to marry Garry, settle down and raise a family but while Garry loves Lynne, he is reluctant to lose his "bachelor status" and he spends much of his time dodging Lynne's 'hints' about marriage. However, Lynne (and the rest of the Slaters) wear Garry down and the two eventually get engaged. Lynne works in Ian Beale's (Adam Woodyatt) café and often clashes with co-worker, Janine Butcher (Charlie Brooks), who regularly slacks off work and flirts with Garry to irritate her. This culminates in Lynne eventually getting Janine fired and the two become enemies thereafter.

text: In 2001, Lynne becomes friends with womanising club owner Beppe di Marco (Michael Greco) and she often babysits his son, Joe (Jake Kyprianou). Lynne and Beppe soon become attracted to each other and have sex on the eve of Lynne's wedding to Garry. Beppe feels Garry does not deserve Lynne and tries to stop Lynne marrying him by turning up at the register office and starting a fight with Garry. Lynne is tempted but goes through with the wedding. Beppe sends Steve Owen (Martin Kemp) to give her a note, but he throws it away. The marriage does not go smoothly, however, and in 2002 Lynne strays again, this time with ex-lover Jason James (Joseph Millson). Jason is Lynne's ex-fiancé, who jilted her on their wedding day and fled to Dubai. After a chance meeting, the two rekindle their relationship as Jason wants to reconcile and almost persuades her to leave Garry and move away with him. However, at the last minute, Lynne changes her mind and chooses to stay with her family instead of following her heart. Garry forgives Lynne as he is desperate to hang onto her but the trust has gone from their relationship.

text: In 2003, another affair jeopardises Lynne's marriage, but this time it is Garry who strays. Garry has drunken sex with Laura Beale (Hannah Waterman) and she gets pregnant. Laura's husband, Ian, reveals to her that he has had a vasectomy so the baby cannot be his and throws her out so she turns to Garry for support, thinking he is her baby's father. Lynne has been trying for a baby and struggles to forgive Garry for having a baby with another woman, throwing him out so he moves in with Laura to support her during her pregnancy. Lynne finally comes round and forgives Garry after she gets jealous when he has sex with Lynne's sister, Belinda Peacock (Leanne Lakey).

text: Lynne and Garry reconcile and in 2004, Lynne becomes pregnant and a scan confirms that she is expecting a girl, that they plan to name her Vivienne after Lynne's late mother, Viv (April Martin). However, disaster strikes when a fairground ride collapses in Albert Square and Lynne is trapped under the debris. She survives but suffers severe abdominal pain and Garry is told that Lynne needs an emergency caesarian to save her and the baby. Terrified of losing Lynne and their daughter, Garry agrees but only Lynne survives. The baby is stillborn but Lynne also needed an emergency hysterectomy so she cannot have any more children. When Lynne is told the tragic news, she is devastated and blames Garry for consenting to surgery and cannot even bring herself to look at him. On the day of Vivienne's funeral, Lynne decides that her marriage to Garry is over, feeling that life for her in Walford is simply a reminder of what she has lost. She leaves that day to go and stay with her aunt Jean and her departure leaves Garry a broken man. Lynne's last appearance is in July 2004.

text: Lynne and Garry divorce and in 2007, the Slaters hear that Lynne is engaged. In January 2011, Charlie leaves Walford to live with Lynne. In January 2016, Lynne attends Charlie's funeral off-screen.

text: Creation and development[edit]

text: In 2000, EastEnders' executive producer John Yorke decided to introduce the "classic" Slater family.[1] He felt the show needed to go back to its roots and bring back some traditional values.[1] BBC's head of drama, Mal Young commented, "We do not have enough solid families in the soap, there were a lot of fractured families and people who were alone."[1] The family were created as a replacement for the di Marco family,[citation needed] who were axed by Yorke. The family consisted of, grandmother Mo Harris (Laila Morse), father Charlie (Derek Martin), his four children, Lynne (Elaine Lordan), Kat (Jessie Wallace), Little Mo (Kacey Ainsworth), Zoe (Michelle Ryan), as well as Lynne's boyfriend Garry Hobbs (Ricky Groves). It later transpired that Kat was the mother of Zoe, after being raped by her uncle Harry Slater (Michael Elphick).

text: Lordan was cast in the role of Lynne after the character was developed at an improvisation session for thirty actors and actresses earlier in the year.[citation needed] The character was described as "feisty", "a loud mouth" and "lazy".[citation needed]

text: On 15 December 2003, it was announced that Lynne would be departing the following year. The decision was a mutual decision between Lordan and show producers and Lynne departed in July 2004.[2]

text: In popular culture[edit]

text: The character of Lynne Hobbs has been spoofed in the cartoon sketch show 2DTV.

text: Also, impressionist Alistair McGowan has impersonated Lynne working in the cafe, in his comedy show, The Big Impression.


document_title: A Good Day to Die Hard

question_text: the cast of a good day to die hard

question_tokens: the cast of a good day to die hard

text: A Good Day to Die Hard

text: Plot[edit]

text: In Moscow, Viktor Chagarin, a high-ranking, but corrupt, Russian official plans to incriminate former billionaire and government whistleblower Yuri Komarov in an imminent rigged trial unless Komarov hands over a secret file believed to contain evidence incriminating Chagarin. Separately, Jack McClane, who has been arrested after an assassination attempt, negotiates for a shorter sentence by offering to testify against Komarov. Meanwhile, Jack's father, NYPD Detective John McClane, who has not been in touch with his son for several years, has learned his son is in trouble and, taken to the airport by his daughter Lucy McClane, flies to Russia to help. As John arrives and approaches the courthouse where Komarov is on trial, a bomb explosion, orchestrated by Chagarin's henchman Alik, occurs in the courthouse and Jack breaks free with Komarov. Seeing his son, John confronts him, but their dispute is cut short as Alik and his men chase them in a US Cougar MRAP through the streets of Moscow. John, Jack, and Komarov manage to escape.

text: Hiding in a safe house, John finds out that his son is a CIA officer and has been on an undercover operation for the past three years. Jack's partner, Collins, demands the file's location from Komarov so that the CIA can bring Chagarin down. Komarov eventually agrees on condition that he and his daughter are given safe passage out of Russia. Collins is eventually shot and killed while the McClanes and Komarov come under heavy gunfire from Chagarin's men, but they escape. They make their way to a hotel in the city to fetch the key to the vault containing the file. There they meet up with Komarov's daughter, Irina, as earlier planned. John grows suspicious of her shifty behavior, and is proven correct when Alik and his men burst in and tie John and Jack up, while Komarov is taken as a hostage, and Irina confesses to informing on them for the "millions of dollars" to be gained. Jack breaks free of his ties and kills the nearest guards using a Russian gun-knife, allowing the two to kill most of the men. Alik and Irina, with Komarov still their hostage, return in a Mil Mi-24 helicopter and try to kill them, but the two escape a second time.

text: That night, the two steal a car full of firearms and drive to Pripyat, Ukraine, where the vault with the file is located. However, Komarov, Irina, and Alik have preceded them. In a twist, the file is revealed never to have existed: the drawer with the file supposedly inside is in fact a secret passage to a Chernobyl vault containing €1 billion worth of weapons-grade uranium. Once inside the vault, Komarov kills Alik and calls Chagarin to gloat and to listen as Chagarin is killed by a henchman of Komarov's.

text: At this point, John and Jack enter the vault, discover Komarov's true plot, and capture him. Irina, with another henchman, comes to her father's aid. As they attempt to escape, Jack follows Komarov, while John goes after Irina, who is escaping on a Mil Mi-26 helicopter. Irina tries to protect her father by firing the helicopter's guns at Jack. John is able to bring the helicopter out of balance by driving a truck out of the hangar section, still shackled by a chain, via the open rear ramp; he is later thrown off into the building. Komarov remarks that Jack will get to watch his father die, prompting Jack to hurl him off the rooftop into the path of the spinning helicopter rotors, killing him. As Jack and John reunite inside the building, Irina tries to avenge her father by ramming the helicopter, now out of ammunition, into the building in a suicide attack. Father and son survive by leaping off the building into a large pool of water, as the helicopter crashes and explodes, killing Irina. In the end, the McClanes return home and reunite with Lucy on the tarmac.

text: Cast[edit]

text:
Bruce Willis as John McClane
Jai Courtney as John "Jack" McClane, Jr.
Sebastian Koch as Yuri Komarov
Yuliya Snigir as Irina Komarova
Sergei Kolesnikov as Viktor Chagarin
Radivoje Bukvić as Alik
Mary Elizabeth Winstead as Lucy McClane

text: Additional cast members include CIA operatives: Aldis Hodge as Lt. Foxy and Cole Hauser as Mike Collins. Amaury Nolasco appears as Murphy, an NYPD detective and McClane's friend. Roman Luknár makes an apperance as Anton, a business associate of Chagarin. Ganxsta Zolee makes a brief cameo as a MRAP driver.

text: Production[edit]

text: Pre-production[edit]

text: Production was formally announced in 2010, with X-Men Origins: Wolverine and The A-Team writer Skip Woods confirmed as the film's screenwriter. Noam Murro was originally attached to direct the film but left production to direct the 300 prequel, 300: Rise of an Empire. John Moore was subsequently drafted in to replace him.[6]

text: The film was originally titled "Die Hard 24/7". The media speculated that the film would be a crossover between the Die Hard and 24 series, with Kiefer Sutherland to reprise his role as Jack Bauer alongside John McClane.[7] This was never confirmed by the studio, and the film's title was later revealed to be A Good Day to Die Hard—with no further mention of any involvement from the 24 series—with a release date of February 14, 2013.[8]

text: Casting[edit]

text: Bruce Willis returned as John McClane, and has expressed a desire to shoot A Good Day to Die Hard and a sixth installment in the series before retiring the character.[9]

text: When casting the role of Jack McClane, the studios considered several actors, including Liam Hemsworth and James Badge Dale,[10] before ultimately settling on Australian actor Jai Courtney.[11] Mary Elizabeth Winstead also appeared in the film, reprising her role as McClane's daughter Lucy.[12] However all her scenes were cut from the Extended release.[13]

text: Sebastian Koch played the film's primary antagonist, Yuri Komarov,[14] while Yuliya Snigir and Cole Hauser featured as secondary characters Irina and Collins.[14][15] The cast was completed by actors Amaury Nolasco as a friend of McClane,[16] Pasha D. Lychnikoff as a taxi driver,[16] and Megalyn Echikunwoke, Anne Vyalitsyna, and Ivan Kamaras in smaller roles.[16][17]

text: Filming[edit]

text: Production began in Hungary in April 2012, with the capital Budapest standing in for Moscow.[18] A military shooting range near Hajmáskér was used for shooting live ammunition,[19][20] while vehicular stunts were shot at the Hungaroring, a Formula One racing circuit in Mogyoród.[21]

text: In July 2012, a fire broke out on the set while shooting an aerial stunt, though no one was injured and shooting resumed after a short delay.[22]

text: In creating the film's visual style, Moore wanted the camera work to be almost entirely handheld, using three 4 Perforation 35mm Arri[23] cameras equipped with long lenses to capture tight close-ups, for Moore explained, "McClane is in a strange world, with little or no initial control over his environment. He's unable to anticipate things as he normally might. He's caught off guard, and we want the camera to mimic that surprise and confusion."[24] Moore also chose to create as many of the film's effects on camera as possible, only using visual effects to enhance elements or paint in backgrounds.[24]

text: Post-production[edit]

text: A specially censored version was prepared for theatrical release in the United Kingdom, which was cut for language and violence in order to attain a 12A at the request of the distributors.[25] The U.S. version is rated R and is uncut. The film's audio was mixed in Dolby Atmos surround sound.[26] In February 2013, director Moore began work on a director's cut, which was later released on Blu-ray.[27]

text: Soundtrack[edit]

text:
A Good Day to Die Hard: Original Motion Picture Soundtrack

Soundtrack album by Marco Beltrami

Released
February 19, 2013 (2013-02-19)

Genre
Film score

Label
Sony Classical

Producer
Marco Beltrami

text: Marco Beltrami, who had composed the soundtrack for the previous film, Live Free or Die Hard, returned to score A Good Day to Die Hard. Beltrami again incorporates Michael Kamen's material from the first three films into his score. Beltrami only had six weeks in which to write the music, and new scenes were still being shot as the music was being recorded. In the end, he wrote around 120 minutes of music, with 80 of those minutes making it into the final film.[28] The soundtrack album was released on February 14, 2013 digitally and in retailers by Sony Classical.[29] Five orchestrators were involved: Pete Anthony, Jon Kull, Dana Niu, Rossana Galante, Andrew Kinny. The orchestra was conducted by Pete Anthony.

text: The score was programmed by Buck Sanders, with additional music composed by Marcus Trumpp and Brandon Roberts.[30]

text: All music composed by Marco Beltrami.

text:
No.
Title
Length

1.
"Yuri Says, “привет”"
2:19

2.
"Getting Yuri to the Van"
2:14

3.
"Jack Makes the Call"
2:53

4.
"Everyone to the Courthouse"
3:09

5.
"Court Adjourned"
2:19

6.
"Truckzilla (Act 1)"
3:38

7.
"Yippie Kay Yay, Mother Russia!"
1:54

8.
"Truckzilla (Act 2)"
2:00

9.
"Father & Son"
1:24

10.
"To the Safe House"
1:51

11.
"Regroup"
2:30

12.
"Leaving the Safe House"
1:59

13.
"Getting to the Dance Floor"
1:34

14.
"Too Many Kolbasas on the Dance Floor"
3:53

15.
"What's So Funny?"
2:30

16.
"McClanes Get the Bird"
3:00

17.
"Scumbags"
2:05

18.
"Entering Chernobyl"
4:07

19.
"Into the Vault"
2:17

20.
"Rubbed Out at the Spa"
2:07

21.
"Sunshine Shootout"
1:37

22.
"Get to the Choppa!"
2:59

23.
"Chopper Takedown"
3:26

24.
"It's Hard to Kill a McClane"
2:59

25.
"Triple Vodka Rhapsody"
1:55

26.
"McClane's Brain"
2:00

text: Release[edit]

text: On January 31, 2013, 20th Century Fox held a special tribute to the 25th anniversary of the Die Hard series by unveiling a mural of a scene from Die Hard (1988) on Sound Stage 8 of the Fox Lot. Afterward, the premiere screening of A Good Day to Die Hard was shown.[2] Two additional premieres were held in Europe leading up to the film's commercial release: one in Berlin, Germany on February 4 and the second in London, England on February 7.[31][32] A Good Day to Die Hard was commercially released first in Indonesia on February 6, 2013, and then opened in certain East and Southeast Asian territories on February 7.

text: In the United States and Canada, the film was distributed to 2,328 theaters for night showings on February 13.[33] Select theaters also held a one-time special marathon of all Die Hard films to lead up to A Good Day to Die Hard's nationwide release,[34] with Bruce Willis making a personal appearance at one of these marathons in New York City to thank fans.[35] The film then expanded to a total of 3,553 theaters, including IMAX theaters, on February 14.[33]

text: Reception[edit]

text: On Rotten Tomatoes, the film has an approval rating of 14% based on 219 reviews, with an average rating of 3.9/10. The site's critical consensus reads, "A Good Day to Die Hard is the weakest entry in a storied franchise, and not even Bruce Willis' smirking demeanor can enliven a cliched, uninspired script."[4] On Metacritic, the film has a score of 28 out of 100, based on 40 critics, indicating "generally unfavorable reviews".[5] On both websites, the film ranked lowest among the Die Hard films. Audiences polled by CinemaScore gave the film an average grade of "B+" on an A+ to F scale, the lowest score of the franchise.[36]

text: A. O. Scott of The New York Times described A Good Day to Die Hard as "a handful of extended set pieces—each more elaborate and therefore somehow less exciting than the last—linked by a simple-minded plot and a handful of half-clever lines." Though complimenting the special effects, he criticizes the direction of John Moore, the lack of style, and writes that "everything that made the first Die Hard memorable—the nuances of character, the political subtext, the cowboy wit—has been dumbed down or scrubbed away entirely."[37] Todd McCarthy of The Hollywood Reporter expressed similar sentiments, particularly of the direction, for which he says that Moore "has directed these sequences in a way that makes the incidents look so far-fetched and essentially unsurvivable that you can only laugh".[38] Kenneth Turan of the Los Angeles Times gave the film a 2/5 and remarked that it lacked "inspiration", and that the onscreen rivalry of Willis and Courtney was "more irritant than enticement."[39] Richard Roeper, standing in for Roger Ebert on Ebert's website, rated the film one and a half stars out of four, criticizing the implausibility of the action sequences, as well as the film's lack of sufficient characterization for McClane and the villains as compared to the other films in the series. He says that "McClane has been stripped of any real traces of an actual three-dimensional character," and that the film "never giv[es] us a chance to get the least bit involved with any of these characters."[40]

text: Among the rare positive reviews, Robbie Collin for The Telegraph remarked that "Yet even though the ride finally stalls, A Good Day To Die Hard has been thrustingly outrageous enough in its earlier moments to coast to the finish line on momentum.".[41] Chris Tookey of the Daily Mail tabloid paper described the film as "...as stupid in its way as The Expendables 1 and Taken 2, and nowhere near the quality of the first three Die Hards. But if you approach it as I did, in a mood for preposterous action and massive explosions, it does deliver escapist entertainment and it’s mercifully shorter than Die Hard 4. In a week as bad as this in the cinema, it is the only new movie I would have paid to see." Tookey then gave the final verdict as being "Entertaining, but dumb." along with a 3/5 star rating.[42] Daniel M. Kimmel, writing for the New England Movies Weekly, found the film to be better than Live Free or Die Hard and states that the car chase scene "is well worth the price of admission." With a 3.5/5 rating, Kimmel summed up his review saying, "it's probably a good day to end the series at last, but it's an action-packed and entertaining finale."[43] Rick Groen of The Globe and Mail criticized the action scenes as being "messy", but concluded his review saying that the film "continues the franchise without undue embarrassment."[44] Peter Howell of The Toronto Star remarked that Willis and Courtney made a strong estranged family duo and that the film had a nice drinking game routine going for it with how many times McClane exclaims "I'm on vacation!" during the running time.[45]

text: Box office[edit]

text: A Good Day to Die Hard grossed $67,349,198 in North America and $237,304,984 in other territories for a worldwide total of $304,654,182, collecting more than three times its $92 million budget.

text: In North America, A Good Day to Die Hard grossed an estimated $840,000 from its night showings at 2,328 locations on Wednesday, February 13, 2013.[33] The next day, at an additional 1,225 locations, the film managed to accumulate $8,239,116, opening at #2 behind Safe Haven.[1] However, for the whole 4-day Presidents' Day weekend, A Good Day to Die Hard opened in first place with $28,640,657, bringing its total at that point to $36,879,773.[46]

text: Overseas, A Good Day to Die Hard grossed $10,860,000 in its first weekend. Opening in seven Asian markets at 1,182 locations a week before North America's release (February 6–7) to take advantage of the Chinese New Year holiday, the majority of the film's gross came from South Korea, with the film also setting a Fox record in Indonesia and a series record in Hong Kong.[47]

text: Home media[edit]

text: A Good Day to Die Hard was released on DVD and Blu-ray on June 4, 2013.[48] There is an extended cut that is only available on the Blu-ray version. It features a longer car chase through Moscow and some other slightly extended scenes. It also completely removes Lucy from the film.


document_title: Category:Bodies of water of Uruguay

question_text: uruguay is located along what body of water

text: Category:Bodies of water of Uruguay

text: Wikimedia Commons has media related to Bodies of water in Uruguay.

text: Subcategories

text: This category has the following 4 subcategories, out of 4 total.

text: B

text: ►  Bays of Uruguay (1 P)

text: L

text: ►  Lakes of Uruguay (5 P)

text: R

text: ►  Rivers of Uruguay (2 C, 35 P)

text: S

text: ►  Springs of Uruguay (1 P)

text: Pages in category "Bodies of water of Uruguay"

text: This category contains only the following page. This list may not reflect recent changes (learn more).

text: B

text: Bay of Montevideo

text: Landforms of UruguayBodies of water by countryWater in UruguayBodies of water of South America by country