document_title: Motor neuron

question_text: all the motor neurons that control the skeletal muscles are

text: Motor neuron

text: Development[edit]

text: Motor neurons begin to develop early in embryonic development, and motor function continues to develop well into childhood.[5] In the neural tube cells are specified to either the rostral-caudal axis or ventral-dorsal axis. The axons of motor neurons begin to appear in the fourth week of development from the ventral region of the ventral-dorsal axis (the basal plate).[6] This homeodomain is known as the motor neural progenitor domain (pMN). Transcription factors genes here include the Pax6, OLIG2, Nkx6.1, and Nkx6.2 factors, which are regulated by sonic hedgehog (Shh). The OLIG2 gene being the most important due to its role in promoting Ngn2 expression, a gene that causes cell cycle exiting as well as promoting further transcription factors associated with motor neuron development.[7]

text: Further specification of motor neurons occurs when retinoic acid, fibroblast growth factor, Wnts, and TGFb, are integrated into the various Hox transcription factors. There are 13 Hox transcription factors and- along with the signals- these determine whether a motor neuron will be more rostral or caudal in character. In the spinal column Hox 4-11 sort motor neurons to one of the five motor columns.[7] These columns are further explained in the table below.

text:
Motor Columns of Spinal Cord [8]

Motor Column
Location in Spinal Cord
Target

Median Motor Column
Present entire length
Axial muscles

Hypaxial Motor Column
Thoracic Region
Body wall muscles

Preganglionic Motor Column
Thoracic Region
Sympathetic ganglion

Laterl Motor Column
Brachial and Lumbar region (both regions are further divided into medial and lateral domains)
Muscles of the limbs

Phrenic Motor Coulmn
Cervical Region
Diaphragm[9]

text: Anatomy and physiology[edit]

text: Upper motor neurons[edit]

text: Upper motor neurons originate in the motor cortex located in the precentral gyrus. The cells that make up the primary motor cortex are Betz cells, which are a type of pyramidal cell. The axons of these cells descend from the cortex to form the corticospinal tract.[10]

text: White Matter Tract[edit]

text: White matter tracts are bundles of axons and serve as means to propagate nerve impulses on a large scale. These are found in the spinal cord and appear white from the myelin surrounding axons. While these tracts exist for both efferent and afferent nerves, efferent nerves will carry signals down the spinal cord toward their effector target. These tracts also serve as the place of origin for lower motor neurons. There are seven major white matter motor tracts to be found in the spinal cord and are listed below:[11]

text:
Lateral Corticospinal Tract
Rubrospinal Tract
Lateral Reticulospinal Tract
Vestibulospinal tract
Medial Reticulospinal Tract
Tectospinal Tract
Anterior Corticospinal Tract

text: Lower Motor Neurons[edit]

text: Lower motor neurons are those that originate in the spinal cord and directly or indirectly innervate effector targets. The target of these neurons varies, but in the somatic nervous system the target will be some sort of muscle fiber. There are three primary categories lower motor neurons, which can be further divided in sub-categories.[12]

text: According to their targets, motor neurons are classified into three broad categories:[13]

text:
Somatic motor neurons
Special visceral motor neurons
General visceral motor neurons

text: Somatic motor neurons[edit]

text: Somatic motor neurons originate in the central nervous system, project their axons to skeletal muscles [14] (such as the muscles of the limbs, abdominal, and intercostal muscles), which are involved in locomotion. The three types of these neurons are the alpha efferent neurons, beta efferent neurons, and gamma efferent neurons. They are called efferent to indicate the flow of information from the central nervous system (CNS) to the periphery.

text:
Alpha motor neurons innervate extrafusal muscle fibers, which are the main force-generating component of a muscle. Their cell bodies are in the ventral horn of the spinal cord and they are sometimes called ventral horn cells. A single motor neuron may synapse with 150 muscle fibers on average.[15] The motor neuron and all of the muscle fibers to which it connects is a motor unit. Motor units are split up into 3 categories:[16] Main Article: Motor Unit

Slow (S) motor units stimulate small muscle fibers, which contract very slowly and provide small amounts of energy but are very resistant to fatigue, so they are used to sustain muscular contraction, such as keeping the body upright. They gain their energy via oxidative means and hence require oxygen. They are also called red fibers.[16]
Fast fatiguing (FF) motor units stimulate larger muscle groups, which apply large amounts of force but fatigue very quickly. They are used for tasks that require large brief bursts on energy, such as jumping or running. They gain their energy via glycolytic means and hence don't require oxygen. They are called white fibers.[16]
Fast fatigue-resistant motor units stimulate moderate-sized muscles groups that don't react as fast as the FF motor units, but can be sustained much longer (as implied by the name) and provide more force than S motor units. These use both oxidative and glycolytic means to gain energy.[16]

text: In addition to voluntary skeletal muscle contraction, alpha motor neurons also contribute to muscle tone, the continuous force generated by noncontracting muscle to oppose stretching. When a muscle is stretched, sensory neurons within the muscle spindle detect the degree of stretch and send a signal to the CNS. The CNS activates alpha motor neurons in the spinal cord, which cause extrafusal muscle fibers to contract and thereby resist further stretching. This process is also called the stretch reflex.

text:
Beta motor neurons innervate intrafusal muscle fibers of muscle spindles, with collaterals to extrafusal fibres. There are two types of beta motor neurons: Slow Contracting- These innervate extrafusal fibers. Fast Contracting- These innervate intrafusal fibers.[17]
Gamma motor neurons innervate intrafusal muscle fibers found within the muscle spindle. They regulate the sensitivity of the spindle to muscle stretching. With activation of gamma neurons, intrafusal muscle fibers contract so that only a small stretch is required to activate spindle sensory neurons and the stretch reflex. There are two types of gamma motor neurons: Dynamic- These focus on Bag1 fibers and enhance dynamic sensitivity. Static- These focus on Bag2 fibers and enhance stretch sensitivity.[17]
Regulatory factors of lower motor Neurons Size Principle – this relates to the of the soma of the motor neuron. This restricts larger neurons to receive a larger excitatory signal in order to stimulate the muscle fibers it innervates. By reducing unnecessary muscle fiber recruitment, the body is able to optimize energy consumption.[17] Persistent Inward Current (PIC) – recent animal study research has shown that constant flow of ions such as calcium and sodium through channels in the soma and dendrites influence the synaptic input. An alternate way to think of this is that the post-synaptic neuron is being primed before receiving an impulse.[17] After Hyper-polarization (AHP) – we are all familiar with the idea of hyperpolarization after an action potential. A trend has been identified that shows slow motor neurons to have more intense AHPs for a longer duration. One way to remember this is that slow muscle fibers can contract for loner, so it makes since that their corresponding motor neurons fire at a slower rate.[17]

text: Neuromuscular Junction[edit]

text: The interface between a motor neuron and muscle fiber is a specialized synapse called the neuromuscular junction. Upon adequate stimulation, the motor neuron releases a flood of acetylcholine (Ach) neurotransmitters from the axon terminals from synaptic vesicles bind with the plasma membrane. The acetylcholine molecules bind to postsynaptic receptors found within the motor end plate. Once two acetylcholine receptors have been bound, an ion channel is opened and sodium ions are allowed to flow into the cell. The influx of sodium into the cell causes depolarization and triggers a muscle action potential. T tubules of the sarcolemma are then stimulated to elicit calcium ion release from the sarcoplasmic reticulum. It is this chemical release that causes the target muscle fiber to contract.[15]

text:
In invertebrates, depending on the neurotransmitter released and the type of receptor it binds, the response in the muscle fiber could be either excitatory or inhibitory.
For vertebrates, however, the response of a muscle fiber to a neurotransmitter can only be excitatory, in other words, contractile. Muscle relaxation and inhibition of muscle contraction in vertebrates is obtained only by inhibition of the motor neuron itself. Muscle innervation may eventually play a role in the maturation of motor activity. This is how muscle relaxants work by acting on the motor neurons that innervate muscles (by decreasing their electrophysiological activity) or on cholinergic neuromuscular junctions, rather than on the muscles themselves.

text: Special visceral motor neurons[edit]

text: These are also known as branchial motor neurons, which are involved in facial expression, mastication, phonation, and swallowing. Associated cranial nerves are the oculomotor, abducens, trochlear, and hypoglossal nerves.[13]

text:
Branch of NS
Position
Neurotransmitter

Somatic
n/a
Acetylcholine

Parasympathetic
Preganglionic
Acetylcholine

Parasympathetic
Ganglionic
Acetylcholine

Sympathetic
Preganglionic
Acetylcholine

Sympathetic
Ganglionic
Norepinephrine*

*Except fibers to sweat glands and certain blood vessels
Motor neuron neurotransmitters

text: General visceral motor neurons[edit]

text: These motor neurons indirectly innervate cardiac muscle and smooth muscles of the viscera ( the muscles of the arteries): they synapse onto neurons located in ganglia of the autonomic nervous system (sympathetic and parasympathetic), located in the peripheral nervous system (PNS), which themselves directly innervate visceral muscles (and also some gland cells).

text: In consequence:

text:
the motor command of skeletal and branchial muscles is monosynaptic (involving only one motor neuron, respectively, somatic and branchial, which synapses onto the muscle).
the command of visceral muscles is disynaptic (involving two neurons: the general visceral motor neuron located in the CNS, which synapses onto a ganglionic neuron, located in the PNS, which synapses onto the muscle).

text: All vertebrate motor neurons are cholinergic, that is, they release the neurotransmitter acetylcholine. Parasympathetic ganglionic neurons are also cholinergic, whereas most sympathetic ganglionic neurons are noradrenergic, that is, they release the neurotransmitter noradrenaline. (see Table)

text: Motor neurons in regenerative medicine[edit]

text: Human lower motor neurons can be generated in vitro from embryonic stem cells and induced pluripotent stem cells.[7]


question_text: who has scored more goals in the premier league

root

text: Since the Premier League's formation at the start of the 1992–93 season, 28 players have managed to accrue 100 or more goals in the competition.

tag: p

text: During the 1995–96 season, Alan Shearer became the first player to score 100 Premier League goals, and holds the record for the fewest games taken to reach 100, doing so in 124 appearances. He also holds the record for most goals scored in the Premier League.[1][2] After Shearer, Harry Kane is the second-fastest to 100 goals, doing so in 141 games.[3]

text: Players[edit]

text:
List of Premier League players with 100 or more goals

Rank
Player
Position
Premier League club(s)
Goals
Played
Ratio

1
 Shearer, AlanAlan Shearer
S
Blackburn Rovers, Newcastle United
260
441
0.59

2
 Rooney, WayneWayne Rooney
F
Everton, Manchester United
208
484
0.43

3
 Cole, AndyAndy Cole
S
Newcastle United, Manchester United, Blackburn Rovers, Fulham, Manchester City, Portsmouth
187
414
0.45

4
 Lampard, FrankFrank Lampard
MF
West Ham United, Chelsea, Manchester City
177
609
0.29

5
 Henry, ThierryThierry Henry
S
Arsenal
175
258
0.68

6
 Fowler, RobbieRobbie Fowler
S
Liverpool, Leeds United, Manchester City
163
379
0.43

7
 Defoe, JermainJermain Defoe
S
West Ham United, Portsmouth, Tottenham Hotspur, Sunderland, Bournemouth
162
485
0.33

8
 Owen, MichaelMichael Owen
S
Liverpool, Newcastle United, Manchester United, Stoke City
150
326
0.46

9
 Ferdinand, LesLes Ferdinand
S
Queens Park Rangers, Newcastle United, Tottenham Hotspur, West Ham United, Leicester City, Bolton Wanderers
149
351
0.42

10
 Sheringham, TeddyTeddy Sheringham
S
Nottingham Forest, Tottenham Hotspur, Manchester United, Portsmouth, West Ham United
146
418
0.35

11
 van Persie, RobinRobin van Persie
F
Arsenal, Manchester United
144
280
0.51

12
 Agüero, SergioSergio Agüero
S
Manchester City
143
204
0.70

13
 Hasselbaink, Jimmy FloydJimmy Floyd Hasselbaink
S
Leeds United, Chelsea, Middlesbrough, Charlton Athletic
127
288
0.44

14
 Keane, RobbieRobbie Keane
F
Coventry City, Leeds United, Tottenham Hotspur, Liverpool, West Ham United, Aston Villa
126
349
0.36

15
 Anelka, NicolasNicolas Anelka
F
Arsenal, Liverpool, Manchester City, Bolton Wanderers, Chelsea, West Bromwich Albion
125
364
0.34

16
 Yorke, DwightDwight Yorke
S
Aston Villa, Manchester United, Blackburn Rovers, Birmingham City, Sunderland
123
375
0.33

17
 Gerrard, StevenSteven Gerrard
MF
Liverpool
120
504
0.24

18
 Wright, IanIan Wright
S
Arsenal, West Ham United
113
213
0.53

19
 Dublin, DionDion Dublin
F
Manchester United, Coventry City, Aston Villa
111
312
0.36

20
 Heskey, EmileEmile Heskey
S
Leicester City, Liverpool, Birmingham City, Wigan Athletic, Aston Villa
110
516
0.21

21
 Giggs, RyanRyan Giggs
MF
Manchester United
109
632
0.17

22
 Crouch, PeterPeter Crouch
S
Aston Villa, Southampton, Liverpool, Portsmouth, Tottenham Hotspur, Stoke City
107
454
0.23

22
 Scholes, PaulPaul Scholes
MF
Manchester United
107
499
0.21

24
 Bent, DarrenDarren Bent
S
Ipswich Town, Charlton Athletic, Tottenham Hotspur, Sunderland, Aston Villa, Fulham
106
276
0.38

25
 Kane, HarryHarry Kane
S
Tottenham Hotspur, Norwich City
104
149
0.70

26
 Drogba, DidierDidier Drogba
S
Chelsea
104
254
0.41

27
 Lukaku, RomeluRomelu Lukaku
S
West Bromwich Albion, Everton, Manchester United
101
216
0.47

28
 Le Tissier, MattMatt Le Tissier
MF
Southampton
100
270
0.37

Italics show players still playing professional football; Bold shows players still playing in the Premier League.[4]

tag: table


document_title: List of owners of English football clubs

question_text: who is the richest club in the championship

text: Premier League[edit]

text:
Club
Owner(s)
Estimated
combined
net worth
Source of wealth

Arsenal
(more information)
 E. Stanley Kroenke (67.05%)[1]
 Alisher Usmanov (30.04%)
15 !$22.4B[2][3]
Kroenke Sports Enterprises
Metal and mining, investment

Bournemouth
 Maxim Demin (75%)[4]
 PEAK6 Investments (25%)[5]

Petrochemicals trading
Seven Developments

Brighton & Hove Albion
 Tony Bloom (75.61%)[6]
12 !$1.7B
Online Gambling, Real Estate, Property, Land Development & Investments

Burnley
 Mike Garlick (49.3%)
 John Banaszkiewicz (27.55%)[7]
18 !$80M[8]---
Michael Bailey Associates
Freight Investor Services

Chelsea
(more information)
 Roman Abramovich[9]
03 !$9.3B[10]
Oil and industry

Crystal Palace
 Steve Parish
 Martin Long
 Joshua Harris
 David S.Blitzer
 Jeremy Hosking
 Stephen Browett

15 !$65M
$100M
$3.2B[11]
$1.3B
$250M
$110M

Tag Worldwide[12]
Churchill Insurance
Apollo Global Management
Blackstone Group
Marathon Asset Management
Farr Vintners

Everton
(more information)
 Farhad Moshiri (49.9%)
 Bill Kenwright CBE
 Jon Woods
15 !$2.3B[13]
Steel and energy
Theatre production
Planet Hollywood
Ocean Software

Huddersfield Town
 Dean Hoyle
09 !$475M
Card Factory

Leicester City
 The Srivaddhanaprabha Family[14]
10 !$4.9B[15]
King Power International Group

Liverpool
(more information)
 John W. Henry[16]
11 !$2.5B[17]
Fenway Sports Group

Manchester City
(more information)
 Mansour bin Zayed Al Nahyan (87%)
 China Media Capital (13%)
01 !$44B
Oil and industry investment
Government

Manchester United
(more information)
 The Glazer Family[18]
06 !$4.9B[19]
First Allied Corporation, Tampa Bay Buccaneers

Newcastle United
(more information)
 Mike Ashley
04 !$3.3B[20]
Sports Direct International

Southampton
 Gao Jisheng (80%)
 Katharina Liebherr (20%)
07 !$3.9B+[21]
Lander Sports Development Co Ltd
Inheritance

Stoke City
 The Coates Family[22]
08 !$3.1B[23]
Bet365

Swansea City
 Stephen Kaplan & Jason Levien (68%)
 Swansea City Supporters Trust (21.1%)[24]
---
---

Memphis Grizzlies and D.C. United
Investment trust

Tottenham Hotspur
(more information)
 Joe Lewis (70.6% of 85% holding company)
 Daniel Levy (29.4% of 85% holding company)[25]
05 !$5.6B[26]
---
Tavistock Group
ENIC Group

Watford
 Gino Pozzo[27]
---
Businessman

West Bromwich Albion
(more information)
 Guochuan Lai (87.8%)[28]
18 !$6.2B [29]
Investment

West Ham United
(more information)
 David Sullivan (51.1%)[30]
 David Gold (35.1%)
 Straumur Investment Bank (10%)
13 !$520M
$325M
---

Daily Sport, Sunday Sport
Gold Group International
Straumur Investment Bank

text: Football League Championship[edit]

text:
Club
Owner(s)
Estimated
combined
net worth (£m)
Source of wealth

Aston Villa
(more information)
 Dr. Tony Xia[31]
$1.2B !$1.2B[32]
Recon Group

Barnsley
 Patrick Cryne
14 !$40M
iSOFT

Birmingham City
(more information)
 Paul Suen (60.78%)
 Wang Lei (5.28%)
 Carson Yeung (6.51%)[33]
21 !$570M
Birmingham International Holdings

Bolton Wanderers
 Eddie Davies CBE
13 !$52M
Strix

Brentford
 Matthew Benham (96%)[34]

Bristol City
 Stephen Lansdown
01 !$1.9B[35]
Hargreaves Lansdown

Burton Albion
 Ben Robinson

Cardiff City
 Vincent Tan (51%)[36]
01 !$820M[37]
Berjaya Group

Derby County
 Mel Morris [38]
$520M[39]
King

Fulham
(more information)
 Shahid Khan[40]
09 !$8.9B[41]
Flex-N-Gate Corp (automobile parts manufacturer)

Hull City
 The Allam Family[42]
15 !$325M[43]
Allam Marine

Ipswich Town
 Marcus Evans
02 !$825M
Marcus Evans Group

Leeds United
 Andrea Radrizzani[44] [45]

Eleonora Sports Ltd
Aser Group Company

Middlesbrough
 Steve Gibson
10 !$260M[46]
Bulkhaul Limited

Millwall
 John Berylson
Richard Smith[47]
11 !$175M
Chestnut Hill Ventures

Norwich City
(more information)
 Delia Smith and
 Michael Wynn-Jones (53%)
 Michael Foulger (15%)
20 !$30M[48]

Food industry
Publishing
Poultry

Nottingham Forest
 Evangelos Marinakis[49]
21 !$650M
Owner of Olympiacos F.C.

Preston North End
 Trevor Hemmings CVO (51.4%)[50][51]
02 !$720M
Blackpool Tower, horse racing, investment, Northern Trust, Sportech[52]

Queens Park Rangers
(more information)
 Tony Fernandes (66%)
 Lakshmi Mittal (33%)[53]
03 !$345M[54]
$16.4B[55]
Air Asia, Tune Group
ArcelorMittal

Reading
(more information)
 Narin Niruttinanon (50%)
 Sasima Srivikorn(25%)
 Sumrith Thanakarnjanasuth (25%)[56]

Sheffield United
 Abdullah bin Musa'ed (50%)[57]
03 !$155M
Property
Oil

Sheffield Wednesday
 Dejphon Chansiri

Thai Union Group

Sunderland
 Ellis Short[58]
09 !$2.9B[59]
Lone Star Funds, Skibo Castle

Wolverhampton Wanderers
 Fosun International (parent company)
Guo Guangchang (co-owner of Fosun)
$6.2B[60]
Investment

text: League One[edit]

text:
Club
Owner(s)
Estimated
combined
net worth
Source of wealth

AFC Wimbledon
 Wimbledon Football Club Supporters' Society (The Dons Trust)

Supporters Trust

Blackburn Rovers
 Balaji & Venkatesh Rao (99.9%)
04 !$650M
Venkateshwara Hatcheries Group

Bradford City

Bristol Rovers
 Dwane Sports (92%)

Banking and tourism

Bury
 Save Our Shakers Trust (63.8%)
 The Bury F.C. Supporters Society Ltd (Forever Bury) (11%)[61]

Investment trusts

Charlton Athletic
 Roland Duchatelet (95%)[62]
24 !
Staprix NV

Doncaster Rovers
 John Ryan
 Dick Watson (26%)  Terry Bramall CBE
[63]

07 !$36M
MYA Cosmetic Surgery
Construction[6]
Keepmoat[64]

Fleetwood Town
 Andy Pilley (98%)[65]

BES Group

Gillingham
 Paul Scally

Milton Keynes Dons
 Pete Winkelman[66][67]

InterMK Group

Northampton Town
 David Anthony Cardoza
 Anthony Michael Cardoza
 Deborah Jones
 Trustees of Stuart Wilson[68]

Oldham Athletic
 Simon Corney (97%)[69]

Oxford United
 Ian Lenagan

Peterborough United
 Darragh MacAnthony

Property Investment

Rochdale
 Chris Dunphy

Plymouth Argyle
 James Brent

Portsmouth
 Michael Eisner
$1B
Media; former CEO of The Walt Disney Company; Tornante

Rotherham United
 Tony Stewart 49%[70][71]
 J Stewart 46%
 R Stewart 5%
$180M
Lighting industry

Scunthorpe United
 Peter Swann and family
$445M[72]
Retail; live entertainments; horse racing

Shrewsbury Town
 Roland Wycherley[73]

Southend United
 Ron Martin[74]

Property

Walsall
 Jeff Bonser[75]

Wigan Athletic
 Dave Whelan
17 !$250M
DW Sports Fitness, JJB Sports

text: League Two[edit]

text:
Club
Owner(s)
Estimated
combined
net worth
Source of wealth

Accrington Stanley
 The Styring Family (12%)
 Accrington Stanley Supporters Fund (12%)
 Peter Marsden (10%)[76]

Investment trust

Barnet

Blackpool
 Owen Oyston (80%)
 Valeri Belokon (25%)
07 !$105M[6]
$195M
Publishing, Media & Estate Agency
Finance, Media, Food Industry & Mining

Cambridge United
Grosvenor Fund Management Grosvenor Group
Owned by the Duke of Westminster and family

Property

Carlisle United
(more information)
 A. Jenkins (37% of 93% holding company)
 J. Nixon (18%)
 S.Pattison (18%)
 The United Trust (25.4%)

Pioneer Foods
Businessman (retired)
Carlisle Glass
Investment Trust

Cheltenham Town
 Paul Baker

Chesterfield
 Dave Allen

Colchester United
 Robbie Cowling[77]
09 !$26M
JobServe

Coventry City
 Joy Seppala &
Dermot Coleman[78]

Sisu Capital

Crawley Town
 The Executors of Bruce Winfield's Estate[79]

Freight transport and inheritance from marketing services[80]

Crewe Alexandra
 N. Hassall (32% of 60% holding company)
 D. Potts (23% of 60% holding company)
 RJ Rowlinson (25%)[81]

The Rowlinson Group

Exeter City
 Exeter City FC Supporters' Trust - Trust Ownership Working Group

Supporters Trust

Grimsby Town
 John Fenty (42.91%)
 Mike Parker (22%)
 The Mariners Trust (14.13%)[82]
$18M[83]

Five Star Fish
Entrepreneur
Supporters Trust

Luton Town
 Luton Town Football Club 2020 LTD

Mansfield Town
 John Radford

Morecambe
 Peter McGuigan

Newport County
 Newport County AFC Supporters Trust

Supporters Trust

Notts County
 Alan Hardy

[1] Paragon][dead link], private companies

Port Vale
 Norman Smurthwaite (100%)
$39M[84]
Property

Stevenage
 Phil Wallace (91%)[85]
05 !$60M
Lamex Food Group

Swindon Town

Wycombe Wanderers
 Wycombe Wanderers Trust

Investment trust

Yeovil Town
 John Fry (46.9%)
 Norman Hayward (45.1%)[86]

Property


document_title: Rio Bravo (film)

question_text: who played stumpy in the movie rio bravo

text: Rio Bravo (film)

text: Plot[edit]

text: In the town of Rio Bravo, Texas, sheriff's deputy Dude (Dean Martin), who has acquired the contemptuous nickname Borrachón (pronounced [bo.raˈtʃon], Spanish for "big drunk"), enters a saloon but cannot afford a drink. Joe Burdette (Claude Akins), brother of rancher Nathan Burdette, watches as a barfly (Myron Healey), tosses a silver dollar into a spittoon. Presidio County, Texas, Sheriff John T. Chance (John Wayne) appears and kicks the spittoon away, looking at Dude with disgust. Dude is shamed by his plight and takes out his anger on Chance, knocking him out with an ax handle. Joe begins punching Dude, then shoots and kills an unarmed bystander who tries to intervene.

text: Joe heads to his brother's saloon, where a bloody Chance comes to arrest him for the murder of the bystander. Another patron draws his gun on Chance, but Dude shoots the gun out of the man's hand. Joe is locked up in the local jail. Chance is willing to deputize Dude, provided he can stay sober. Both remember how good with a gun Dude used to be.

text: Chance's friend Pat Wheeler (Ward Bond) and his wagon train of supplies stop in town, with a young gunslinger, Colorado Ryan (Ricky Nelson), riding guard. Inside the jail, Stumpy (Walter Brennan), Chance's game-legged deputy, keeps watch over the jail and Joe, who knows that Stumpy holds an old grudge against Joe's wealthy and powerful brother. Joe warns his jailers that Nathan Burdette will not like how his brother is being treated.

text: A mysterious woman nicknamed Feathers (Angie Dickinson) is in the saloon, playing poker. In the meantime, Dude and Chance patrol the town. Hotel owner Carlos (Pedro Gonzalez-Gonzalez) stops the sheriff, saying Wheeler has been talking too much about Chance needing help. In the saloon, Chance implores Wheeler to stop, as it will draw attention from the wrong people. Wheeler suggests that Colorado could be of assistance, but Colorado politely declines, saying he wants to "mind my own business". Colorado also promises not to start any trouble without telling the sheriff first.

text: Feathers leaves the poker game a winner. Chance follows her up to her room and confronts her as a card cheat, with his evidence three missing aces from the deck of cards being used in the game and a handbill indicating she is wanted for card cheating. Colorado intervenes, saying another participant in the game is the real cheat. They confront the card cheat and prove his guilt. Chance refuses to apologize to Feathers for doing his job, but is no longer in a hurry to make her leave town.

text: As Wheeler is walking back to the hotel, he is shot dead by a Burdette man hiding in the stable. Colorado offers to help, but is angrily turned away by Chance, who says, "You had a chance to get in this and you didn't want it." Chance and Dude flush out the shooter, who escapes into Nathan's saloon after Dude wounds him. Dude believes the man has muddy boots, but everyone in the bar has clean boots. Two of Burdette's men suggest Dude needs a drink and one throws a silver dollar into a spittoon. The bartender puts a beer on the bar, but Dude notices blood dripping into the glass from above. He turns, fires, and kills the shooter.

text: Chance goes back to the hotel to sleep. Without his knowledge, Feathers stands guard at the door to keep him safe, then returns to her room when he awakens. Chance discovers what she did and advises that she should leave on the next stagecoach.

text: Nathan Burdette (John Russell) arrives in town with his men, intent on seeing his brother Joe. Dude is standing guard and confiscating all guns. One of Burdette's men ignores him until Dude cuts one of his horse's reins with a single shot. Nathan agrees to turn in their guns until they leave.

text: Carlos says Feathers will not get on the stagecoach. She tells the sheriff she does not want to leave, then gives him a kiss. He indicates if he were not in such a fix at the jail, things between them might be different.

text: Colorado visits the jail to tell Chance the meaning of a song, "Degüello", or "The Cutthroat Song", that Nathan is paying men to play at his saloon. The song, reported to have been played by Antonio López de Santa Anna's men at the siege of the Alamo, indicates that "no quarter" will be given to one's enemy, no mercy. Dude is trying hard to stay sober. He is given back his guns (the ones he had before he left town, sold by Dude, but bought back by Chance), as well as some clothes he left behind.

text: The next morning, while Dude is standing guard at the town entryway, four Burdette men attack him from behind and tie him up in a stable. Others get the drop on Chance, whose rifle is just out of reach. From inside the hotel, acting on Colorado's instructions, Feathers throws a flower pot through a window a moment after Colorado steps out on the porch, distracting the Burdette men. Colorado quickly throws Chance's rifle to him and the two men shoot the three Burdette hands.

text: Chance decides to have his men hole up in the jail, as it will take several more days for the United States Marshal to arrive to take Joe to the Presidio. Dude's nerves are shot, but as he is about to take a drink, the sound of "The Cutthroat Song" played by Burdette's musicians steels his resolve. He and Chance go to the hotel to round up additional supplies, but Carlos and Consuela are captured by Burdette's men, who trick Chance into charging and falling over a rope tied at the bottom of the stairs. Dude and Feathers are unable to help.

text: Chance is ordered to take the men to the jail to let Joe go. He is reluctant to do so, but Dude implores Chance to cooperate, saying that Stumpy is alone and has no food or water to hold out very long. The remaining Burdette men at the hotel take Dude hostage and Nathan Burdette offers to trade him later for Joe.

text: Stumpy opens fire at the jail, holding off Burdette's men. Chance and Colorado then take Joe to make the trade for Dude at a warehouse, leaving Stumpy behind because of his bad leg. During the trade, walking in opposite directions, Dude tackles Joe and they scuffle while a gunfight erupts. Stumpy turns up and helps even the odds. Dude overpowers Joe. The lawmen throw dynamite sticks at the warehouse where Burdette and his men are based, shooting the sticks to explode them. After a few explosions rock the warehouse, the criminals surrender.

text: All is quiet in town as Chance gets reacquainted with Feathers, who models a skimpy new costume she will be wearing in her new job singing at the hotel. After a pair of sheer tights comes floating from a window to the street, a delighted Stumpy retrieves it, but Dude cautions him to mind his own business.

text: Cast[edit]

text:
John Wayne as John T. Chance
Dean Martin as Dude
Ricky Nelson as Colorado/Ryan
Angie Dickinson as Feathers
Walter Brennan as Stumpy
Ward Bond as Pat Wheeler
John Russell as Nathan Burdette
Pedro Gonzalez Gonzalez as Carlos Robante
Estelita Rodriguez as Consuela Robante
Claude Akins as Joe Burdette
Joseph Shimada as Burt

tag: ul

text: Malcolm Atterbury and Harry Carey Jr. also receive a screen credit in the film's opening, but their scenes were deleted from the final film.

text: Production[edit]

text: Exteriors for the film were shot at Old Tucson Studios, just outside Tucson.[3] Filming took place in the summer of 1958, and the movie's credits gave 1958 as the year of production, although the film was not released until 1959.

text: Rio Bravo is generally regarded as one of Hawks' best, and is notable for its long opening scene which contains no dialogue. The film received favorable reviews, and was successful, taking in over US$5.5 million.[citation needed]

text: The musical score was composed by Dimitri Tiomkin. His score includes the hauntingly ominous "El Degüello" theme, which is heard several times.[4] The Colorado character identifies the tune as "The Cutthroat Song". He relates that the song was played on the orders of General Antonio López de Santa Anna to the Texans holed up in the Alamo, to signify that no quarter would be given to them. The tune was used the following year in Wayne's film, The Alamo. Composer Ennio Morricone recalled that director Sergio Leone asked him to write "Dimitri Tiomkin music" for A Fistful of Dollars. The trumpet theme is similar to Tiomkin's "Degüello" (the Italian title of Rio Bravo was Un dollaro d'onore, A Dollar of Honor).[5]

text: Because the film starred a crooner, Martin, and a teen idol, Nelson, Hawks included three songs in the soundtrack. Before the big showdown, in the jail house, Martin sings "My Rifle, My Pony, and Me" (which contained new lyrics to a Tiomkin tune that appeared in Red River) accompanied by Nelson, after which Nelson sings a brief version of "Get Along Home, Cindy", accompanied by Martin and Brennan. Over the closing credits, Martin, backed by the Nelson Riddle Orchestra, sings a specially composed song, "Rio Bravo", written by Tiomkin with lyrics by Paul Francis Webster. Nelson later paid homage to both the film and his character, Colorado, by including the song "Restless Kid" on his 1959 LP, Ricky Sings Again.

text: Members of the Western Writers of America chose "My Rifle, My Pony, and Me" as one of the Top 100 Western songs of all time.[6]

text: A brief clip from Rio Bravo was among the archive footage later incorporated into the opening sequence of Wayne's last film, The Shootist, to illustrate the backstory of Wayne's character.

text: High Noon debate[edit]

text: The film was made as a response to High Noon,[7] which is sometimes thought to be an allegory for blacklisting in Hollywood, as well as a critique of McCarthyism.[8] Wayne would later call High Noon "un-American" and say he did not regret helping run the writer, Carl Foreman, out of the country.[9] Director Howard Hawks went on the record to criticize High Noon by saying, "I didn't think a good sheriff was going to go running around town like a chicken with his head cut off asking for help, and finally his Quaker wife had to save him."[10] According to film historian Emanuel Levy, Wayne and Hawks teamed up deliberately to rebut High Noon by telling a somewhat similar story their own way: portraying a hero who does not show fear or inner conflict and who never repudiates his commitment to public duty, while only allying himself with capable people, despite offers of help from many other characters.[11] In Rio Bravo, Chance is surrounded by allies—a deputy who is brave and good with a gun, despite recovering from alcoholism (Dude), a young untried but self-assured gunfighter (Colorado), a limping "crippled" old man who is doggedly loyal (Stumpy), a Mexican innkeeper (Carlos), his wife (Consuela), and an attractive young woman (Feathers)—and repeatedly turns down aid from anyone he does not think is capable of helping him,[10] though in the final shootout they come to help him anyway. "Who'll turn up next?" Wayne asks amid the gunfire, to which Colorado replies: "Maybe the girl with another flower pot."

text: Reception[edit]

text: In the United Kingdom, Rio Bravo was not originally even reviewed for Sight & Sound;[12] in August 1976, Leslie Halliwell gave the film two out of four stars, describing it as a "cheerfully overlong and slow-moving Western" that was nevertheless "very watchable for those with time to spare".[13] The film was taken more seriously by independent British critics such as Robin Wood, who rated it as his top film of all time and wrote a book on it in 2003 for the British Film Institute, publishers of Sight & Sound.

text: It now has a 100% Rotten Tomatoes rating and was the second highest-ranking Western in the 2012 Sight & Sound critics' poll of the greatest films ever made.[14]

text: In 2008, the American Film Institute nominated this film for its Top 10 Western Films list.[15]

text: Remakes and inspirations[edit]

text: Remakes[edit]

text: Howard Hawks went on to make two loose variations of Rio Bravo, on both occasions under a different title. Both of these remakes were directed by Hawks, both starred John Wayne, and in each case, the script was written by Leigh Brackett. All involve lawmen working against an entrenched criminal element, partially by "holing up" in their jailhouses.

text:
The first remake, El Dorado, was filmed in 1966, but its release was held up by Paramount until the late summer of 1967. In this film, Robert Mitchum played the Dean Martin role, Arthur Hunnicutt the Walter Brennan character, and James Caan the Ricky Nelson role. Hawks again named the Nelson/Caan character after a state (in this case, Mississippi) and in a wry, humorous twist on the original film, Hawks made him inept with firearms, but skilled with a knife.
The second remake, Rio Lobo, was made in 1970 with a plot much further off the original mold, starting with the absence of a lawman-turned-drunkard character. This began with a Confederate train robbery of a Union gold shipment during the American Civil War, then moved to a postwar Texas county thoroughly controlled by a rich, arrogant rancher. The heroes, with the exception of an old man similar to Brennan and Hunnicutt's characters in the previous pictures (Jack Elam here), were complete outsiders. Along with Wayne and Elam, this movie starred Mexican film star Jorge Rivero (as Frenchie), Christopher Mitchum (Robert Mitchum's son), and Jennifer O'Neill.

text: Inspirations[edit]

text:
Feathers' dialogue was occasionally inspired by the character of "Slim" (Lauren Bacall) in the 1944 To Have and Have Not, as when, after the first kiss, she says: "It's better when two people do it," recalling the phrase "It's even better when you help;" and again later when she says, "I'm hard to get—you're going to have to say you want me," recalling Slim's "I'm hard to get, Steve—all you have to do is ask me."
L'homme à l'étoile d'argent (The Man with the Silver Star), a 1969 album from the French comics series Lt. Blueberry was directly inspired by Rio Bravo. The plot is virtually the same. Blueberry plays the role of sheriff John T. Chance; McClure, a whiskey-adoring old man, combines the roles of Dude and Stumpy; Dusty plays the role of Colorado; Miss March, the teacher, plays the role of a less morally challenged Feathers; and instead of the Burdettes, it has the Bass brothers.
John Carpenter's 1976 film Assault on Precinct 13, though not a remake of Rio Bravo, was inspired by the film. Carpenter borrowed some elements from the earlier film's plot, but set it in 1970s Los Angeles. He also paid homage to the original film by using the pseudonym "John T. Chance", the name of Wayne's character, for his editing credit. This film was also remade in 2005 by Jean-Francois Richet, starring Ethan Hawke, Laurence Fishburne, Gabriel Byrne, Maria Bello, Drea de Matteo, John Leguizamo, Brian Dennehy, and Ja Rule, moving the film's setting to Detroit.
Ghosts of Mars, a 2001 film also by Carpenter, retains many of the elements that were developed in Rio Bravo and Assault on Precinct 13, but takes place in a science-fiction setting.
The Nest, a 2002 film by Florent Emilio Siri, starring Samy Naceri, Benoît Magimel, Nadia Farès, Pascal Greggory, and Sami Bouajila, is a quasi-remake of Assault on Precinct 13.
Borrachón: A Prequel to Rio Bravo, by Kevin Cullen, 2016. This book is a prequel to the Rio Bravo story and film and provides the complete background leading up to the classic tale.

text: Music[edit]

text:
"My Rifle, My Pony and Me" -- sung by Dean Martin and Ricky Nelson
"Cindy" -- sung by Ricky Nelson, Dean Martin and Walter Brennan
"Rio Bravo" -- sung by Dean Martin (end credits)

text: Comic book adaption[edit]

text: Dell Four Color #1018 (June 1959)[16][17]


document_title: Protein biosynthesis

question_text: where is the protien made in the cell

question_tokens: where is the protien made in the cell

text: Protein biosynthesis

text: Transcription[edit]

text: Phenomena of RNA synthesis from DNA template In transcription an mRNA chain is generated, with one strand of the DNA double helix in the genome as a template. This strand is called the template strand. Transcription can be divided into 3 stages: initiation, elongation, and termination, each regulated by a large number of proteins such as transcription factors and coactivators that ensure that the correct gene is transcribed.

text: Transcription occurs in the cell nucleus, where the DNA is held. The DNA structure of the cell is made up of two helixes made up of sugar and phosphate held together by hydrogen bonds between the bases of opposite strands. The sugar and the phosphate in each strand are joined together by stronger phosphodiester covalent bonds. The DNA is "unzipped" (disruption of hydrogen bonds between different single strands) by the enzyme helicase, leaving the single nucleotide chain open to be copied. RNA polymerase reads the DNA strand from the 3-prime (3') end to the 5-prime (5') end, while it synthesizes a single strand of messenger RNA in the 5'-to-3' direction. The general RNA structure is very similar to the DNA structure, but in RNA the nucleotide uracil takes the place that thymine occupies in DNA. The single strand of mRNA leaves the nucleus through nuclear pores, and migrates into the cytoplasm.

text: The first product of transcription differs in prokaryotic cells from that of eukaryotic cells, as in prokaryotic cells the product is mRNA, which needs no post-transcriptional modification, whereas, in eukaryotic cells, the first product is called primary transcript, that needs post-transcriptional modification (capping with 7-methyl-guanosine, tailing with a poly A tail) to give hnRNA (heterogeneous nuclear RNA). hnRNA then undergoes splicing of introns (noncoding parts of the gene) via spliceosomes to produce the final mRNA.

text: Translation[edit]

text: Phenomena of amino acid assembly from RNA. The synthesis of proteins from RNA is known as translation. In eukaryotes, translation occurs in the cytoplasm, where the ribosomes are located. Ribosomes are made of a small and large subunit that surround the mRNA. In translation, messenger RNA (mRNA) is decoded to produce a specific polypeptide according to the rules specified by the trinucleotide genetic code. This uses an mRNA sequence as a template to guide the synthesis of a chain of amino acids that form a protein. Translation proceeds in four phases: activation, initiation, elongation, and termination (all describing the growth of the amino acid chain, or polypeptide that is the product of translation).

text: In activation, the correct amino acid (AA) is joined to the correct transfer RNA (tRNA). While this is not, in the technical sense, a step in translation, it is required for translation to proceed. The AA is joined by its carboxyl group to the 3' OH of the tRNA by an ester bond. When the tRNA has an amino acid linked to it, it is termed "charged". Initiation involves the small subunit of the ribosome binding to 5' end of mRNA with the help of initiation factors (IF), other proteins that assist the process. Elongation occurs when the next aminoacyl-tRNA (charged tRNA) in line binds to the ribosome along with GTP and an elongation factor. Termination of the polypeptide happens when the A site of the ribosome faces a stop codon (UAA, UAG, or UGA). When this happens, no tRNA can recognize it, but releasing factor can recognize nonsense codons and causes the release of the polypeptide chain. The capacity of disabling or inhibiting translation in protein biosynthesis is used by some antibiotics such as anisomycin, cycloheximide, chloramphenicol, tetracycline, streptomycin, erythromycin, puromycin, etc.

text: Events during or following protein translation[edit]

text: Events that occur during or following biosynthesis include proteolysis, post-translational modification and protein folding. Proteolysis may remove N-terminal, C-terminal or internal amino-acid residues or peptides from the polypeptide. The termini and side-chains of the polypeptide may be subjected to post-translational modification. These modifications may be required for correct cellular localisation or the natural function of the protein. During and after synthesis, polypeptide chains often fold to assume, so called, native secondary and tertiary structures. This is known as protein folding and is typically required for the natural function of the protein.


document_title: A Time for Choosing

question_text: where was a time for choosing speech given

text: A Time for Choosing

text: Background[edit]

text: Many versions of the speech exist, since it was altered over many weeks. Contrary to popular belief, however, the speech was not given at the 1964 Republican National Convention in San Francisco, California as a nomination speech for presidential candidate Senator Barry Goldwater; Richard Nixon gave that nomination speech. Reagan, though he campaigned for Goldwater, did not use "A Time for Choosing" until October 27, 1964, when it was part of a pre-recorded television program, Rendezvous with Destiny. In his autobiography, An American Life, Reagan recalled going to bed that night "hoping I hadn't let Barry down."[1]

text: Speaking for Goldwater, Reagan stressed his belief in the importance of smaller government. In the speech, he revealed his ideological motivation: "The Founding Fathers knew a government can't control the economy without controlling people. And they knew when a government sets out to do that, it must use force and coercion to achieve its purpose. So we have come to a time for choosing."[2] He also said, "You and I are told we must choose between a left or right, but I suggest there is no such thing as a left or right. There is only an up or down. Up to man's age-old dream – the maximum of individual freedom consistent with law and order – or down to the ant heap of totalitarianism."[2][3] The speech raised $1 million for Goldwater's campaign,[4] and is considered the event that launched Reagan's political career.[5][6]

text: Aftermath[edit]

text: To this day, "The Speech" is considered one of the most effective ever made on behalf of a candidate.[citation needed] Nevertheless, Barry Goldwater lost the election by one of the largest margins in history. Soon afterwards, Reagan was asked to run for Governor of California; he ran for office and won election in 1966. Reagan was later dubbed the "Great Communicator" in recognition of his effective oratory skills.


document_title: Super Bowl XXXIX

question_text: when's the last time the philadelphia eagles played the new england patriots

question_tokens: when 's the last time the philadelphia eagles played the new england patriots

text: Super Bowl XXXIX

text: Background[edit]

text: NFL owners voted to award Super Bowl XXXIX to Jacksonville during their November 1, 2000 meeting held in Atlanta.[8]

text: Patriots seek to become a dynasty[edit]

text: New England finished the regular season with a record of 14–2, bested only by the Steelers' 15–1 mark, and ranking 7th in yards gained (5,773) and fourth in points scored (437).

text: The Patriots' major acquisition prior to the season was veteran running back Corey Dillon, who joined the team after playing 7 seasons with the Cincinnati Bengals.[9] In his first 6 seasons in the league, Dillon averaged over 1,250 rushing yards per year, including setting a single-game rushing record (278 yards, but has since been broken) against the Denver Broncos on October 22, 2000. In 2003, however, injuries, conflicts with the Bengals' management and coaching staff, and other off-field problems limited him to just 541 yards during the season. By the end of the 2003 season, Dillon had lost his starting job to running back Rudi Johnson, and thus demanded to be traded. [10] Although many observers questioned how effective the 30-year-old Dillon would be after recovering from his injuries as well as his ability to function in a team environment, the Patriots decided to sign the running back in exchange for a second-round draft pick.[10]

text: Dillon became a significant offensive weapon for the 2004 Patriots, recording 1,635 rushing yards (franchise record) and 12 touchdowns, both career highs, and was named to the Pro Bowl for the fourth time in his career.[10] He also caught 15 passes for 103 yards and another touchdown.[10] His contributions helped lead the team to break the NFL record for the most consecutive regular season victories (18), the record for the most consecutive overall victories (21) and earned the second best regular season record during the year at 14–2.[10] The team's only losses during the year were to the Pittsburgh Steelers, who ended up with the league's best regular season record at 15–1, and a 29–28 loss to the Miami Dolphins on ABC's Monday Night Football.[10]

text: Another weapon in the Patriots' offensive backfield was running back Kevin Faulk, who rushed for 255 yards, recorded 26 receptions for 248 yards, returned 20 punts for 113 yards, returned 4 kickoffs for 73 yards, and scored 3 total touchdowns.[10] Fullback Patrick Pass also emerged as a big contributor, rushing for 141 yards, catching 28 passes for 215 yards, and gaining another 115 yards on kickoff returns.[10]

text: Pro Bowl quarterback Tom Brady remained at the helm of the Patriots offense, completing 288 out of 474 (60.8 percent) of his passes for 3,692 yards, 28 touchdowns, and 14 interceptions.[10] Although wide receiver Deion Branch, New England's major deep threat, missed most of the season because of injuries, he did record 35 receptions for 454 yards and 4 touchdowns. Wide receiver David Givens ended up being the team's leading receiver with 56 catches for 874 yards and 3 touchdowns.[10] Wide receiver David Patten also contributed with 44 receptions for 800 yards and 7 touchdowns, and tight end Daniel Graham had 30 receptions for 364 yards and 7 touchdowns.[10] On special teams, pro bowl kicker Adam Vinatieri had the best season of his career, leading the NFL in field goals made (31), field goal percentage (93.9) and scoring (141 points)

text: On defense, the Patriots were plagued by injuries, especially in their secondary. Defensive backs Tyrone Poole and Ty Law suffered season-ending injuries, while safety Eugene Wilson, who led the team with 4 interceptions, missed several games.[10] In order to compensate for the losses, the following players were promoted to starters:

text:
Rookie cornerback Randall Gay, who did not play at all in the first 3 games of the season, and did not start until the 6th week.[10]
Cornerback Asante Samuel, who normally only played in dime formations.[10]
Safety Earthwind Moreland, who came off of the team's practice squad and had only played in three games in his entire 5-year NFL career.[10]
Veteran wide receiver Troy Brown.[10] Head Coach Bill Belichick used Brown in the secondary during training camp, gave him playing time there during the preseason and saw Brown did very well.

text: With their patchwork secondary, the Patriots ranked just 17th in passing yards allowed (3,400) and 22nd in completions allowed (315).[10] However, they did rank 7th in interceptions (20) and 10th in fewest passing touchdowns allowed (18).[10] Most importantly, New England continued to win despite the injuries. Brown actually turned out to be very effective playing as a defensive back, ranking second on the team with 3 interceptions. Safety Rodney Harrison was also an impact player, leading the team with 138 tackles while also recording 3 sacks and 2 interceptions.[10]

text: Up front, the Patriots' defensive line was anchored by Pro Bowler Richard Seymour, who recorded 5 sacks and 1 fumble recovery.[10] New England also still had their trio of impact veteran linebackers: Pro Bowler Tedy Bruschi (122 tackles, 3.5 sacks, 3 interceptions, and 70 return yards), Willie McGinest (9.5 sacks, 1 fumble recovery, and 1 interception), and Mike Vrabel (71 tackles and 5.5 sacks), along with Ted Johnson.[10] Vrabel also frequently played at the tight end position during offensive plays near the opponent's goal line, recording 2 touchdown receptions. [10]

text: Eagles return to the Super Bowl[edit]

text: The Eagles gained the 2004 NFC Super Bowl berth after 3 consecutive defeats in the NFC Championship Game to the St. Louis Rams, Tampa Bay Buccaneers (who won Super Bowl XXXVII that year), and Carolina Panthers, respectively. The Eagles hired Andy Reid as their head coach in 1999 following two straight losing seasons.[10] That same year, they used their first-round pick in the NFL draft (the second overall) to select quarterback Donovan McNabb.[10] Although they finished the 1999 regular season with a 5–11 record, they became a playoff team in 2000, with McNabb throwing for 3,365 yards and 21 touchdowns while also rushing for 629 yards and another 6 touchdowns.[10]

text: The Eagles achieved the best regular season record in the conference during the combined 2001, 2002, and 2003 seasons with a total of 35 wins out of 48 games, but lost the NFC Championship Game in each of those 3 years. Prior to the 2004 season, the Eagles traded for wide receiver Terrell Owens to be the impact player to help get them to the Super Bowl.[10]

text: Owens joined the team after 8 seasons with the San Francisco 49ers. [10] He was considered one of the top receivers in the league, but he was also widely considered a troublemaker because of controversial touchdown celebrations and his tendency to berate his teammates during media interviews. Nevertheless, Owens became the Eagles' deep-ball threat, finishing the season with 77 receptions for 1,200 yards and 14 touchdowns.[10]

text: McNabb had the best season of his career in 2004, completing 300 out of 469 (64 percent) passes for 3,875 yards, 31 touchdowns, and 8 interceptions, making him the first quarterback to ever throw for more than 30 touchdowns and fewer than 10 interceptions in a season.[11] He also rushed for 220 yards and 3 touchdowns. Wide receiver Todd Pinkston was also a reliable target, recording 36 catches for 676 yards.[12]

text: Philadelphia's running game was not as strong as their passing attack, ranking just 24th in the league in rushing yards (1,639).[10] Running back Brian Westbrook led the team with 812 rushing yards and 3 touchdowns, however he also led all NFL running backs in receiving with 73 receptions for 706 yards and 6 touchdowns.[10] Veteran running back Dorsey Levens was also a big contributor with 410 rushing yards. The Eagles' offensive line was led by Pro Bowl tackles Tra Thomas and Jon Runyan and center Hank Fraley.[10]

text: Three of their four starters in the defensive secondary were named to the Pro Bowl: Cornerback Lito Sheppard (1 sack, 5 interceptions, 172 return yards and 2 touchdowns), safety Michael Lewis (88 tackles, 2 forced fumbles, 1 sack, and 1 interception) and safety Brian Dawkins (3 sacks, 2 forced fumbles, 1 fumble recovery, and 4 interceptions for 40 return yards), while their fourth starter, cornerback Sheldon Brown, also enjoyed a solid year (89 tackles, 3 sacks, 1 forced fumble, and 2 interceptions).[10] Their defensive line was anchored by Pro Bowl defensive tackle Corey Simon (5.5 sacks) and defensive ends Jevon Kearse (7.5 sacks, Pro Bowl) and Derrick Burgess. Pro Bowl middle linebacker Jeremiah Trotter, who only started 9 games, recorded 69 tackles and 1 sack.[10]

text: The Eagles started the 2004 regular season with seven straight wins before suffering a loss to the 15-1 Steelers. After that, they finished the season with a 13–3 record.[10] Their only other 2 losses were in their last 2 games of the season, when they decided to rest all of their starters because they had already clinched the NFC #1 seed, and thus home-field advantage in the playoffs. However, during a December 19, 12–7 win over the Dallas Cowboys, Owens was seriously injured on a "horse-collar tackle" by Cowboys defensive back Roy Williams and had to miss the rest of the regular season and the playoffs.[10]

text: Playoffs[edit]

text: Despite the loss of Owens, the Eagles beat the Minnesota Vikings, 27–14, and the Atlanta Falcons, 27–10, in the playoffs with relative ease. McNabb recorded 21 out of 33 completions for 286 yards and two touchdowns, while receiver Freddie Mitchell scored two touchdowns in the victory over the Vikings. Although Minnesota quarterback Daunte Culpepper threw for 316 yards, the Eagles defense recorded 2 interceptions, 2 sacks, and a forced fumble. McNabb then completed 17 out of 26 passes for 180 yards and two touchdowns in the win over the Falcons.[10] The Eagles defense held dual-threat quarterback Michael Vick to only 136 passing yards, 26 rushing yards, and no touchdowns, while also recording an interception, 4 sacks, and a forced fumble on Vick. McNabb had an average passer rating of 111.3 in the two games, with 466 passing yards, 35 rushing yards, 4 touchdowns, and no turnovers. Safety Brian Dawkins was also an important player, recording a sack and a forced fumble against the Vikings, followed by an interception and a forced fumble against the Falcons in the NFC Championship Game.

text: Meanwhile, the Patriots defeated the Indianapolis Colts, 20–3, holding the league's highest scoring team with 522 total points to just one field goal, Indianapolis' lowest point total since their opening game of the 2003 season. Colts quarterback Peyton Manning threw for 4,557 yards during the regular season, and set NFL records for most touchdown passes in a regular season (49) and highest quarterback rating (121.4). [10] Running back Edgerrin James gained 2,031 combined rushing and receiving yards and scored 9 touchdowns. Wide receivers Marvin Harrison, Reggie Wayne, and Brandon Stokley each recorded over 1,000 receiving yards and 10 touchdowns. However, the Patriots limited Manning to 238 passing yards with 1 interception and no touchdowns, and James to just 39 rushing yards. [10] The Patriots also held possession of the ball for 37:43, including 21:26 in the second half, and recorded three long scoring drives that each took over 7 minutes off the clock. One reason New England was able to hold the ball so long was because of Dillon's rushing. He finished the game with 23 carries for 144 yards and 5 receptions for 17 yards. [10]

text: The Patriots then defeated the first seeded Pittsburgh Steelers in the AFC Championship Game, 41–27. Although Pittsburgh had beaten New England, 34–20, during the regular season and led the league in fewest total yards allowed, they could not stop the Patriots. Brady threw for 207 yards and 2 touchdowns; Dillon rushed for 73 yards and a touchdown; and Branch, who was coming off of his injuries, recorded 4 receptions for 116 yards and a touchdown, along with 37 rushing yards and another touchdown on 2 carries. [10] Steelers quarterback Ben Roethlisberger (who had struggled the previous week against the New York Jets) was intercepted 3 times, and running back Jerome Bettis, Pittsburgh's leading rusher, was held to just 64 yards. [10]

text: Super Bowl pregame news[edit]

text: Owens was cleared to play in Super Bowl XXXIX, defying doctors orders by playing on his injured ankle containing 2 screws and a metal plate.[10]

text: The other major story was the Patriots' potential loss of both their offensive coordinator and defensive coordinator at the end of the season, and how it might affect the team in 2005. On December 12, 2004, about a month and a half before the game, New England offensive coordinator Charlie Weis signed a contract to become the head coach of Notre Dame starting in the 2005 season. [10] Rumors were also circulating that defensive coordinator Romeo Crennel would also leave the team to become the head coach of the Cleveland Browns (which ended up being true as Crennel and the Browns agreed to a contract a couple of weeks after the Super Bowl).[10]

text: Due to injuries at the tight end spot, the Eagles were forced to sign Jeff Thomason, a former tight end who was working construction at the time, to a one-game contract for the Super Bowl. Thomason saw time during several plays, although never had a ball thrown his way. This was his third Super Bowl, playing in two with the Green Bay Packers during Andy Reid's days as a Packer assistant.[10]

text: With this appearance the Patriots became the 8th team to make it to the Super Bowl for the 5th time.[10] They joined the Dallas Cowboys, Denver Broncos, Pittsburgh Steelers, San Francisco 49ers, Miami Dolphins, Washington Redskins, and Oakland/Los Angeles Raiders.[10] They would be joined by the Green Bay Packers in 2011 and the New York Giants in 2012.

text: The Eagles were trying to win their first NFL title since 1960 and the first championship for the city of Philadelphia since Moses Malone's "fo', fi', fo'" during the 76ers run to the 1983 NBA Championship.[13][14] With President George W. Bush being inaugurated for a second time in January, the Eagles were also trying to end a losing streak—teams in the city of Philadelphia had lost six straight championships during presidential inauguration years, beginning with the 76ers loss in 1977.[14] The streak included the Eagles in Super Bowl XV in 1981.[14] 1989 was not included in that streak, but 1977, 1981, 1985 (Flyers), 1993 (Phillies), 1997 (Flyers), and 2001 (76ers) were.

text: Television and entertainment[edit]

text: The game was televised in the United States by Fox, with play-by-play announcer Joe Buck and color commentators Cris Collinsworth and Troy Aikman. Pam Oliver (Patriots sideline) and Chris Myers (Eagles sideline) served as sideline reporters. This marked the first time since Super Bowl I that none of the network commentators had ever called a Super Bowl game before (although Collinsworth had worked three prior Super Bowl telecasts as a pregame analyst). This was the last game that Cris Collinsworth broadcast as a member of the Fox NFL team, as he chose to sign with NBC in the following off-season.

text: James Brown hosted all the events with help from his fellow Fox NFL Sunday cast members Terry Bradshaw, Howie Long, and Jimmy Johnson. Jillian Barberie served as weather and entertainment reporter.

text: Following the game, Fox aired a special episode of The Simpsons ("Homer and Ned's Hail Mary Pass") and the series premiere of American Dad! ("Pilot"), except in Philadelphia and Boston, where local newscasts delayed the premieres by an hour.

text: Pregame ceremonies[edit]

text: Before the game, performances came from the Black Eyed Peas, Earth Wind & Fire, Charlie Daniels, John Fogerty, and Gretchen Wilson. Shortly before kickoff, Alicia Keys sang "America the Beautiful," paying tribute to Ray Charles, who died in June 2004. The combined choirs of the U.S. Military Academy, the U.S. Naval Academy, the U.S. Air Force Academy, and the U.S. Coast Guard Academy (including members of The Idlers) sang the national anthem accompanied by the U.S. Army Herald Trumpets. This was the first time in more than 30 years that all four service academies sang together—the last time was at the second inauguration of President Richard Nixon in 1973.[10][15][16]

text: The traditional military missing man formation flyby was this year performed by a pair of F/A-18 Super Hornets from VFA-106 at NAS Oceana and a pair of the Air Force's newest fighters, the F-22 Raptor, flying from Tyndall AFB, the training base for the Raptor. The earlier military flyby during the veterans' salute was conducted by 2 T-6 Texan trainers and a B-25 Mitchell bomber.

text: The coin toss ceremony featured youth football players from Jacksonville: Tyler Callahan, Tyler Deal, Lawrence McCauley, and Jacob Santana; and New Orleans NFL Junior Player Development coach Tamaris Jackson.[10] They were billed as the first non-celebrities to participate in the coin toss.

text: For the third straight year, each team took the field en masse, following a tradition the Patriots had started in Super Bowl XXXVI. In prerecorded video segments, Andover, Massachusetts native Michael Chiklis introduced the Patriots, and Philadelphia-born Will Smith introduced the Eagles.

text: Halftime show[edit]

text: Paul McCartney performed during the halftime show; his selection by the NFL, the show's producers, Don Mischer Productions, and the show's sponsor, Ameriquest Mortgage, was considered to be a "safe" choice, as it avoided the possibility for an incident similar to that which sparked the Super Bowl XXXVIII halftime show controversy the previous year. McCartney's set consisted of these songs:

text:
"Drive My Car"
"Get Back"
"Live and Let Die" from his career with Wings.[10]
"Hey Jude"

text: Theme[edit]

text: Taking the concept a step further, for the first time, a theme was tied to the event: Building Bridges, as symbolized by the theme logo, represented by the Main Street Bridge, one of the seven bridges that crosses over the St. Johns River in the host city, and according to the League, symbolized the bridging of a nation under the NFL football umbrella. The theme was also used by Jacksonville-area nonprofit Fresh Ministries in a major event entitled "Bridges of Peace," featuring city officials asking the people to unite for the Super Bowl and heal the wounds of segregation.[10]

text: Presidential appearances[edit]

text: Former Presidents George H. W. Bush and Bill Clinton appeared in support of their bipartisan effort to raise money for relief of the December 26, 2004 tsunami in southeast Asia through the USA Freedom Corps, an action which former President Bush described as "transcending politics."

text: Game summary[edit]

text: First Quarter[edit]

text: On the first drive of the game, Eagles quarterback Donovan McNabb fumbled while being sacked by New England linebacker Willie McGinest, and the Patriots recovered the ball at Philadelphia's 34-yard line. Fortunately for the Eagles, coach Andy Reid's instant replay challenge overruled the fumble; officials ruled that McNabb had been down by contact before the ball came out of his hands. Later in the quarter after each team had punted twice, McNabb completed a 30-yard pass to Terrell Owens, with a roughing the passer penalty adding 9 yards, moving the ball inside the Patriots 20-yard line. However, linebacker Mike Vrabel sacked McNabb for a 16-yard loss on the next play. On the following play, the Eagles once again appeared to turn the ball over: McNabb's pass was intercepted in the end zone by Patriots defensive back Asante Samuel, but it was nullified by an illegal contact penalty on linebacker Roman Phifer, moving the ball back inside the 20 and giving the Eagles a first down. However, McNabb's second chance was wasted as he threw an interception to safety Rodney Harrison on the next play. This was Donovan McNabb's first red zone interception of the season.

text: The Eagles defense then forced New England to a three-and-out on their ensuing possession, and Philadelphia got great field position by receiving the punt at the Patriots 45-yard line. But once again, they gave up another turnover: tight end L. J. Smith lost a fumble while being tackled by defensive back Randall Gay, and Eugene Wilson recovered the ball at the 38.

text: Second Quarter[edit]

text: The Eagles defense once again forced New England to punt, and got the ball back at their own 19-yard line. Aided by a pair of completions from McNabb to wide receiver Todd Pinkston for gains of 17 and 40 yards, the Eagles drove 81 yards in nine plays and scored on McNabb's six-yard touchdown pass to Tight End LJ Smith, taking a 7–0 lead with 9:55 left in the second quarter. It was the first time New England trailed during the entire postseason. On their ensuing drive, the Patriots moved the ball to the Eagles four-yard line, mainly on plays by running back Corey Dillon, who caught two screen passes for 29 yards and rushed for 25. But quarterback Tom Brady fumbled the ball on a fake handoff Play-action pass and Philadelphia defender Darwin Walker recovered it. However, the Eagles could not take advantage of the turnover and had to punt after 3 plays. Eagles punter Dirk Johnson's punt went just 29 yards, giving the Patriots the ball at Philadelphia's 37-yard line. The Patriots then drove 37 yards to score on Brady's 4-yard pass to receiver David Givens with 1:10 remaining in the period, tying the game 7–7 by halftime. It was only the second halftime tie in Super Bowl history and the first time both of the game's first two quarters ended tied.

text: Third Quarter[edit]

text: On the opening drive of the second half, Patriots wide receiver Deion Branch caught 4 passes for 71 yards on a drive that ended with Brady's 2-yard touchdown pass to Vrabel, who lined up at the tight end spot on the play. The Eagles later tied the game with 3:39 left in the third period with a 74-yard, 10-play drive that was capped by McNabb's 10-yard touchdown pass to running back Brian Westbrook. For the first time in Super Bowl history, the game was tied going into the fourth quarter.

text: Fourth Quarter[edit]

text: Early in the final period, the Patriots put together a 9-play, 66-yard scoring drive that was keyed by 3 plays from running back Kevin Faulk, who caught 2 passes for 27 combined yards and rushed once for 12. Dillon capped off the drive with a 2-yard touchdown run to give the Patriots a 21–14 lead. Then after forcing another Eagles punt, Branch made a spectacular catch, taking the ball out of the hands of cornerback Sheldon Brown. The 19 yard gain, and a roughing-the-passer penalty on Philadelphia defensive lineman Corey Simon on the same play, set up kicker Adam Vinatieri's 22-yard field goal with 8:43 left in the game to increase the score 24–14 in favor of New England. In all three Patriots' Super Bowl wins in the decade, they held a double digit lead in the 4th quarter.

text: The Eagles responded with a long McNabb completion to Owens. However, after reaching the New England 36-yard line, McNabb fired a pass over the head of Dorsey Levens, where Tedy Bruschi was waiting to intercept it at the Patriots 24-yard line. At this point, there was only 7:20 to play in the game, with the Patriots still up by 10 points.

text: The Eagles did force New England to punt, and got the ball back at their own 21-yard line, but with 5:40 left in the game. The Eagles then drove 79 yards in 13 plays, however they used a full huddle for the entire drive. McNabb's 30-yard touchdown pass to receiver Greg Lewis cut the deficit to 24-21. Because the Eagles used a full huddle, the drive consumed 3:52 of the clock, and only 1:48 remained in the game by the time Lewis scored. Because of this, many sportswriters later criticized the Eagles for not immediately going to a no-huddle offense at the start of the possession. Anecdotal reports later came out alleging that McNabb was suffering from dry-heaves, and teammates Jon Ritchie[17] and Lito Sheppard[18] have gone on record years later that McNabb was suffering from dry-heaves or vomiting, though no video evidence exists and the stories have not been confirmed. Hank Fraley said in an interview the day after the game that McNabb was "almost puking" due to two large hits from Tedy Bruschi and Jarvis Green on back-to-back plays.[19] McNabb himself denies that he was vomiting or dry-heaving during the final drive, and Brian Westbrook later claimed that McNabb was merely "coughing."[17]

text: The Eagles failed to recover their ensuing onside kick attempt, with Christian Fauria catching the ball cleanly and sliding down to seal possession for New England. The Patriots then played it safe by running the ball 3 times and forcing Philadelphia to use all of its timeouts. New England punter Josh Miller then pinned the Eagles back at their own 4-yard line with just 46 seconds left in the game. Philadelphia then tried one last desperate drive to win or tie the game. But on first down, McNabb was pressured into making a rushed pass to Westbrook at the line of scrimmage. Instead of dropping the pass to stop the clock, Westbrook made the mistake of catching the ball and was immediately tackled for no gain, keeping the clock running and forcing the Eagles to run back to the line of scrimmage for their next play with no huddle. On second down, McNabb threw an incomplete pass intended for Owens. Finally on third down, McNabb threw a pass that deflected off of the outstretched fingertips of Smith and into the arms of Harrison for an interception with nine seconds left. Tom Brady took a knee to run out the clock, clinching the 3rd Super Bowl title in 4 years for the Patriots, and in the eyes of many establishing themselves as a dynasty.

text:
Adam Vinatieri warms up before the game

An Eagles offensive play

Philadelphia kicks off after scoring a touchdown

Brian Westbrook's touchdown catch (photo 1 of 2)

Brian Westbrook's touchdown catch (photo 2 of 2)

text: Box score[edit]

text:
1
2
3
4
Total

Patriots (AFC)
0
7
7
10
24

Eagles (NFC)
0
7
7
7
21

text: at Alltel Stadium, Jacksonville, Florida

text:
Date: February 6, 2005
Game time: 6:38 p.m. EST
Game weather: 59 °F (15 °C), clear[20]

text:
[hide]Scoring summary

Quarter
Time
Drive
Team
Scoring information
Score

Plays
Yards
TOP
NE
PHI

2
9:55
9
81
4:36
PHI
L. J. Smith 6-yard touchdown reception from Donovan McNabb, David Akers kick good
0
7

2
1:10
7
37
3:15
NE
David Givens 4-yard touchdown reception from Tom Brady, Adam Vinatieri kick good
7
7

3
11:04
9
69
3:56
NE
Mike Vrabel 2-yard touchdown reception from Brady, Vinatieri kick good
14
7

3
3:35
10
74
4:17
PHI
Brian Westbrook 10-yard touchdown reception from McNabb, Akers kick good
14
14

4
13:44
9
66
4:51
NE
Corey Dillon 2-yard touchdown run, Vinatieri kick good
21
14

4
8:40
8
43
3:49
NE
22-yard field goal by Vinatieri
24
14

4
1:48
13
79
3:52
PHI
Greg Lewis 30-yard touchdown reception from McNabb, Akers kick good
24
21

"TOP" = time of possession. For other American football terms, see Glossary of American football.
24
21

text: Statistical overview[edit]

text: McNabb completed 30 out of 51 passes for 357 yards and 3 touchdowns, but threw 3 interceptions and was sacked four times. McNabb's 357 yards are tied with Joe Montana for the fifth most in Super Bowl history and third most of any quarterback, as Tom Brady holds the top spot with 505 yards in Super Bowl LII and Kurt Warner holds the following 3 spots. Westbrook was the Eagles leading rusher with 44 yards, while also catching 6 passes for 70 yards and a touchdown and returning 3 punts for 19 yards. Pinkston caught 4 passes for 82 yards, while Owens was the Eagles' top receiver with 9 catches for 122 yards, however neither of them scored a touchdown.

text: Brady completed 23 out of 33 passes for 236 yards and 2 touchdowns. Dillon was the top rusher of the game with 75 yards and a touchdown, and had 3 catches for 31 yards. Running back Kevin Faulk contributed 38 rushing yards and 27 receiving yards.

text: Branch's Super Bowl record 11 catches tied Cincinnati Bengals' Dan Ross in Super Bowl XVI and San Francisco 49ers' Jerry Rice in Super Bowl XXIII. Coincidentally, all three would later be traded to the Seattle Seahawks: Ross in 1985, Rice in 2004 and Branch in 2006. Branch's combined 21 catches in Super Bowls XXXVIII and XXXIX are the most in back-to-back Super Bowls. Branch also became the third offensive player ever to win Super Bowl MVP honors without scoring a touchdown or throwing a touchdown pass. The other two players were Joe Namath in Super Bowl III and Fred Biletnikoff in Super Bowl XI.[5]

text: Branch and Terrell Owens each had 100 yards receiving, marking the third time in Super Bowl history, one player from each team had over 100 yards in a Super Bowl. Michael Irvin and Andre Reed were the first in Super Bowl XXVII, and Branch and Muhsin Muhammad the second a year earlier in Super Bowl XXXVIII. Branch also became the fourth player to have at least 100 yards receiving in back-to-back Super Bowls, joining John Stallworth, Jerry Rice and Antonio Freeman. Also, Mike Vrabel and David Givens became just the 14th and 15th players to score a touchdown in consecutive Super Bowls. Vrabel is the most surprising person on this list because he is a linebacker and he scored his on offense. They also became just the 7th and 8th players to catch a touchdown in back-to-back Super Bowls.

text: With the victory, Tom Brady became just the fourth quarterback to win at least three Super Bowls, along with Terry Bradshaw, Joe Montana and Troy Aikman. Brady also became the fourth quarterback to throw a touchdown pass in three different Super Bowls. Other quarterbacks to do it were Terry Bradshaw, Joe Montana and John Elway, with Kurt Warner later accomplishing the feat during Super Bowl XLIII.

text: The Patriots joined the Dallas Cowboys as the only teams in NFL history to win three Super Bowls in a span of four years.

text: Aftermath[edit]

text: The Patriots' Super Bowl win was the third championship for Boston-area sports teams in 12 months, following the Patriots winning Super Bowl XXXVIII the year before and the Red Sox winning the World Series–first in 86 years–three months earlier. This marked the first time since 1989–1990 in the San Francisco Bay Area that the same market has had 2 Super Bowl and World Series winners in 12 months.[13] The Patriots would later appear in Super Bowl XLII and Super Bowl XLVI, losing both to Eli Manning's New York Giants, before winning Super Bowl XLIX against the Seattle Seahawks, 28–24, ten years later and Super Bowl LI against the Atlanta Falcons, 34-28, two years later. The latest Super Bowl win for the Patriots makes it ten titles among the four Boston teams (5 by the Patriots, 3 by the Red Sox, and one each by the Celtics and Bruins) since 2002.

text: For the Eagles, with the loss, the city of Philadelphia would not see its first championship since the 76ers swept the 1983 NBA Finals until the next time their city's teams played for a championship, when the Phillies won the 2008 World Series.[14] The Eagles did not return to the Super Bowl until 2017, also with a 13-3 record, and defeating the Falcons and Vikings in the playoffs.

text: The Eagles and the Patriots met again in Super Bowl LII, following the 2017 season, with the Eagles taking their revenge 41–33.

text: This is the last time that a team has won back-to-back Super Bowls, with the Patriots losing their second playoff game a year later and then, for the next eight years, every team either losing their first playoff game or missing them altogether. The streak was broken in 2014 when the Seahawks defeated the Panthers and ultimately advanced to the Super Bowl, only to lose to a Patriots goal line stand. The next year, the Patriots, having faltered down the stretch, entered those playoffs as the second seed behind the Broncos, who then defeated New England in the AFC Title Game that year en route to a title of their own in Super Bowl 50. Two years later, the Patriots, defending champions themselves from Super Bowl LI, returned to repeat their title only to lose the aforementioned Super Bowl LII.

text: Final statistics[edit]

text: Sources: NFL.com Super Bowl XXXIX, Super Bowl XXXIX Play Finder NE, Super Bowl XXXIX Play Finder Phi

text: Statistical comparison[edit]

text:
New England Patriots
Philadelphia Eagles

First downs
21
24

First downs rushing
6
4

First downs passing
14
18

First downs penalty
1
2

Third down efficiency
4/12
9/16

Fourth down efficiency
0/0
0/0

Net yards rushing
112
45

Rushing attempts
28
17

Yards per rush
4.0
2.6

Passing – Completions–attempts
23/33
30/51

Times sacked–total yards
2–17
4–33

Interceptions thrown
0
3

Net yards passing
219
324

Total net yards
331
369

Punt returns–total yards
4–26
3–19

Kickoff returns–total yards
4–63
5–114

Interceptions–total return yards
3–5
0–0

Punts–average yardage
7–45.1
5–42.8

Fumbles–lost
1–1
2–1

Penalties–yards
7–47
3–35

Time of possession
31:37
28:23

Turnovers
1
4

text: Individual leaders[edit]

text:
Patriots Passing

C/ATT1
Yds
TD
INT
Rating

Tom Brady
23/33
236
2
0
110.2

Patriots Rushing

Car2
Yds
TD
LG3
Yds/Car

Corey Dillon
18
75
1
25
4.17

Kevin Faulk
8
38
0
12
4.75

Patrick Pass
1
0
0
0
0.00

Tom Brady
1
−1
0
−1
-1.00

Patriots Receiving

Rec4
Yds
TD
LG3
Target5

Deion Branch
11
133
0
27
12

Corey Dillon
3
31
0
16
4

David Givens
3
19
1
13
7

Kevin Faulk
2
27
0
14
2

Troy Brown
2
17
0
12
2

Daniel Graham
1
7
0
7
1

Mike Vrabel
1
2
1
2t
1

David Patten
0
0
0
0
4

text:
Eagles Passing

C/ATT1
Yds
TD
INT
Rating

Donovan McNabb
30/51
357
3
3
75.4

Eagles Rushing

Car2
Yds
TD
LG3
Yds/Car

Brian Westbrook
15
44
0
22
2.93

Dorsey Levens
1
1
0
1
1.00

Donovan McNabb
1
0
0
0
0.00

Eagles Receiving

Rec4
Yds
TD
LG3
Target5

Terrell Owens
9
122
0
36
14

Brian Westbrook
7
60
1
15
11

Todd Pinkston
4
82
0
40
7

Greg Lewis
4
53
1
30t
5

L. J. Smith
4
27
1
9
8

Freddie Mitchell
1
11
0
11
4

Josh Parry
1
2
0
2
1

Dorsey Levens
0
0
0
0
1

text: 1Completions/attempts 2Carries 3Long gain 4Receptions 5Times targeted

text: Starting lineups[edit]

text: Hall of Fame‡

text:
New England
Position
Position
Philadelphia

Offense

David Givens
WR
Todd Pinkston

Matt Light
LT
Tra Thomas

Joe Andruzzi
LG
Artis Hicks

Dan Koppen
C
Hank Fraley

Stephen Neal
RG
Jermane Mayberry

Brandon Gorin
RT
Jon Runyan

Daniel Graham
TE
L. J. Smith

Deion Branch
WR
Terrell Owens‡

Tom Brady
QB
Donovan McNabb

Corey Dillon
RB
Brian Westbrook

Patrick Pass
FB
Josh Parry

Defense

Rosevelt Colvin
OLB
LDE
Derrick Burgess

Vince Wilfork
NT
LDT
Corey Simon

Jarvis Green
RE
RDT
Darwin Walker

Mike Vrabel
OLB
RDE
Jevon Kearse

Tedy Bruschi
ILB
WLB
Keith Adams

Roman Phifer
ILB
MLB
Jeremiah Trotter

Willie McGinest
OLB
SLB
Dhani Jones

Randall Gay
LCB
Lito Sheppard

Asante Samuel
RCB
Sheldon Brown

Rodney Harrison
SS
Michael Lewis

Eugene Wilson
FS
Brian Dawkins‡

text: Commercials[edit]

text: As usual, the television coverage of this year's Super Bowl was the showcase for the most expensive commercials in television—both to produce and to buy airtime (at the rate of $2.4 million US for 30 seconds).[10]

text: One ad that drew the ire of many—including the NFL—was for the internet domain provider Go Daddy, which tweaked the controversial halftime of the previous year's game with a mock censorship hearing featuring a comely woman, Nikki Cappelli (played by WWE Wrestler Candice Michelle), having a "wardrobe malfunction". Fox pulled the second airing of the ad, scheduled for the two-minute warning of the fourth quarter, along with a five-second plug, and it was replaced with a promo for The Simpsons. The Scottsdale, Arizona-based World Wide Web domain registration company got a refund on the second ad.[10]

text: Another popular ad was made by the NFL. It featured players who were not in the Super Bowl, headlined by Pittsburgh Steelers rookie quarterback Ben Roethlisberger being at a beach resort, depressed he did not make it in. Joe Montana comforted Roethlisberger, and soon both Montana and Roethlisberger joined many other players in different locations in an off-key yet rousing edition of "Tomorrow" from the musical Annie. The commercial ended with the tagline: "Tomorrow, we're all undefeated again." Roethlisberger went on to lead the Steelers to victory in Super Bowl XL the very next season.

text: The top ad, as chosen by the USA Today Super Bowl Ad Meter was for Anheuser-Busch's Bud Light featuring a timid skydiver making his first jump getting enticed with a six-pack of the product.[10] This ad was ranked second on ADBOWL. The highest ranked commercial by ADBOWL was Anheuser-Busch's "Applause."

text: For the first time since the campaign started in Super Bowl XXI, no "I'm going to Disney World!" ad aired following Super Bowl XXXIX.[10]

text: Player bonuses[edit]

text: Each member of the Patriots received a payment of $68,000 for winning the game. The Eagles each received $36,500. When adjusted for inflation, the Patriots salary was actually less than the $15,000 paid to members of the Green Bay Packers for winning Super Bowl I in 1967. That amount of money in 1967 equated to approximately $85,000 in 2005.[22]

text: Officials[edit]

text:
Referee: Terry McAulay #77 first Super Bowl
Umpire: Carl Paganelli #124 first Super Bowl
Head Linesman: Gary Slaughter #30 first Super Bowl
Line Judge: Mark Steinkerchner #84 second Super Bowl (XXXVII)
Field Judge: Tom Sifferman #118 third Super Bowl (XXXVII, XXXVIII)
Side Judge: Rick Patterson #15 second Super Bowl (XXXV)
Back Judge: Tony Steratore #112 first Super Bowl
Alternate Referee: Ed Hochuli #85 (referee for XXXII, XXXVIII)
Alternate Umpire: Garth DeFelice #53
Alternate Field Judge: Larry Rose #128[10]