document_title: Safe Haven (novel)

question_text: where does safe haven take place in the book

text: Safe Haven (novel)

text: Plot[edit]

text: Erin flees her abusive alcoholic husband, Kevin, takes on a different identity and changes her name to Katie. She arrives in Southport, North Carolina. Finding work at a seafood restaurant, she becomes friends with her neighbor, Jo, and gets to know the town's general store owner, Alex.

text: Katie is interested in Alex, who is a widower with two children. Alex and Katie's relationship becomes romantic, encouraged by Jo. Alex's former job had trained him to recognize signs of an abuse victim. Katie reveals her past to Alex, who wants to know why she did not go seek help from the police. She explains that Kevin is a police detective. She fled from his abuse because she knew he would kill her if he located her. Her created identity is based on a neighbor's dead daughter who resembled her.

text: Kevin is furious with his wife for leaving and drank more to dull his pain. He learns of Erin's new identity and searches for her. Kevin arrives in Southport, while Katie is caring for Alex's children. Kevin sets the house on fire, thinking it would kill both Katie and Alex. She fights Kevin, and the children escape. Alex, arriving home, finds his children and takes them to Katie's house where he thinks they will be safe. He returns to the fire and finds Kevin attempting to harm Katie. Desperate, Alex drives toward Kevin who is firing a gun at him. The vehicle hits Kevin, breaking his hand and disarming him. Katie retrieves Kevin's gun, and she and Alex are reunited. Kevin, however, is able to drive away. He goes to Katie's house. When she learns that Alex left the children at her house, she is terrified, knowing that Kevin will hunt her down at her house, putting the children's lives in danger. As they reach Katie's house, Kevin attacks Alex with a crowbar. Kevin is going to shoot and kill Katie, but when he fires the gun, the bullet hits Kevin in the stomach and he dies in front of Katie.

text: Alex had been given an unopened letter from his dead wife, Carly. After he and Katie recover from their injuries, they locate the safe in the ashes of the burnt home. He gives Katie the unopened letter to read. She goes home to read it and is shocked when she sees Jo's house looking like no one had ever lived in it. Startled, she begins to think that Jo had been a complete figment of her imagination. Upon reading the letter, Katie realizes that it was written by Alex's late wife, Carly Jo, whom friends called "Jo". Katie realizes that her friend Jo was really Carly's spirit. In the letter, Carly Jo asked Katie to take care of Alex and the children. After Katie reads the letter, she sees lights in her neighbor's house and Jo standing in the window, waving farewell. The next time she glances at Jo's house, it is dark and has returned to the appearance that no one has lived in the house for years.

text: Adaptation[edit]

text: Safe Haven was adapted into a feature film in 2013. The film was directed by Lasse Hallström. It starred Julianne Hough as Katie, Josh Duhamel as Alex, David Lyons as Kevin, and Cobie Smulders as Jo.[2]


document_title: Baby boomers

question_text: who came up with the term baby boomer

question_tokens: who came up with the term baby boomer

root

text: Baby boomers

text: Definition[edit]

text: The phrase baby boom refers to a noticeable increase in the birth rate. The post-war population increase was described as a "boom" by various newspaper reporters, including Sylvia F. Porter in a column for the May 4, 1951, edition of the New York Post, based on the increase in the population of the U.S. of 2,357,000 in 1950.[8] According to the Oxford English Dictionary, the first recorded use of "baby boomer" is from 1970 in an article in The Washington Post.[9] Various authors have delimited the baby boom period differently. Landon Jones, in his book Great Expectations: America and the Baby Boom Generation (1980), defined the span of the baby-boom generation as extending from 1943 through 1960, when annual births increased over 4,000,000. Authors William Strauss and Neil Howe, well known for their generational theory, define the social generation of Boomers as that cohort born from 1943 to 1960, who were too young to have any personal memory of World War II, but old enough to remember the postwar American High.[10]

tag: p

text: In the U.S., the generation can be segmented into two broadly defined cohorts: The Leading-Edge Baby Boomers are individuals born between 1946 and 1955, those who came of age during the Vietnam War era. This group represents slightly more than half of the generation, or roughly 38,002,000 people of all races. The other half of the generation was born between 1956 and 1964. Called Late Boomers, or Trailing-Edge Boomers, this second cohort includes about 37,818,000 individuals, according to Live Births by Age and Mother and Race, 1933–98, published by the Center for Disease Control's National Center for Health Statistics.[11]

text: An ongoing battle for "generational ownership" has motivated a handful of marketing mavens and cultural commentators to coin and/or promote their own terms for sub‑segments of the baby-boomer generation. These monikers include, but are not limited to, "golden boomers", "generation Jones", "alpha boomers", "hippies", "yippies", "yuppies", "zoomers", and "cuspers." Advocates of these "cultural segments" are often zealous and overstated in their attempts to redefine generational boundaries, often claiming wide adoption and sometimes advancing self-promotional agendas.[citation needed]

text: In Ontario, Canada, one attempt to define the boom came from David Foot, author of Boom, Bust and Echo: Profiting from the Demographic Shift in the 21st century (1997). He defines a Canadian boomer as someone born from 1947 to 1966, the years that more than 400,000 babies were born. However, he acknowledges that is a demographic definition, and that culturally it may not be as clear-cut.[12]

text: Doug Owram argues that the Canadian boom took place from 1943 to 1960, but that culturally boomers everywhere were born between the late war years and about 1955 or 1956. He notes that those born in the years before the actual boom were often the most influential people among boomers; for example, musicians such as The Beatles, Bob Dylan, and The Rolling Stones, or writers like Jack Kerouac and Allen Ginsberg, who were either slightly or vastly older than the boomer generation. Those born in the 1960s might feel disconnected from the cultural identifiers of the earlier boomers.[13]

text: Bernard Salt places the Australian baby boom between 1943 and 1960,[14][15] while the Australian Bureau of Statistics defines the boom as 1946 to 1964.[16]

text: Characteristics[edit]

text: Size and economic impact[edit]

text: 76 million American children were born between 1946 and 1964, representing a cohort that is significant on account of its size alone. In 2004, the British baby boomers held 80% of the UK's wealth and bought 80% of all top of the range cars, 80% of cruises and 50% of skincare products.[17]

text: In addition to the size of the group, Steve Gillon has suggested that one thing that sets the baby boomers apart from other generational groups is the fact that "almost from the time they were conceived, Boomers were dissected, analyzed, and pitched to by modern marketers, who reinforced a sense of generational distinctiveness."[18] This is supported by the articles of the late 1940s identifying the increasing number of babies as an economic boom, such as a 1948 Newsweek article whose title proclaimed "Babies Mean Business",[19] or a 1948 Time magazine article called "Baby Boom."[20]

text: The age wave theory suggests an economic slowdown when the boomers started retiring during 2007–2009.[21] Projections for the aging U.S. workforce suggest that by 2020, 25% of employees will be at least 55 years old.[22]

text: A survey found that nearly a third of baby boomer multimillionaires polled in the United States would prefer to pass on their inheritance to charities rather than pass it down to their children. Fifty-seven percent of these boomers believed it was important for each generation to earn their own money; fifty four percent believed it was more important to invest in their children while they were growing up.[23]

text: Cultural identity[edit]

text: Boomers grew up at a time of dramatic social change. In the United States, that change marked the generation with a strong cultural cleavage, between the proponents of change and the more conservative individuals. Some analysts believe this cleavage played out politically since the time of the Vietnam War to the mid‑2000s, to some extent defining the political landscape and division in the country.[24][25] Starting in the 1980s, the boomers became more conservative, many of them regretting the cultural changes they brought in their youth.[26]

text: In 1993, Time magazine reported on the religious affiliations of baby boomers. Citing Wade Clark Roof, a sociologist at the University of California at Santa Barbara, the articles stated that about 42% of baby boomers were dropouts from formal religion, 33% had never strayed from church, and 25% of boomers were returning to religious practice. The boomers returning to religion were "usually less tied to tradition and less dependable as church members than the loyalists. They are also more liberal, which deepens rifts over issues like abortion and homosexuality."[27]

text: The early and mid-boomers were coming of age at the same time across the world, so that they experienced events like Beatlemania and Woodstock, organizing against the Vietnam War, or fighting and dying in the same war. Boomers in Italy were dressing in mod clothes and "buying the world a Coke." Boomers in India were seeking new philosophical discoveries.[citation needed] Some American boomers in Canada had found a new home after escaping the draft. Canadian Boomers were organizing support for Pierre Trudeau. It is precisely because of these experiences that many believe those born in the second half of the birth boom belong to another generation, as events that defined their coming of age have little in common with leading or core boomers.[original research?] Politically, early Boomers in the United States tend to be Democrats, while later boomers tend to be Republicans.[28]

text: The baby boomers found that their music, most notably rock and roll, was another expression of their generational identity. Transistor radios were personal devices that allowed teenagers to listen to The Beatles, the Motown Sound, and other new musical directions and artists.[citation needed]

text: In the west, baby boomers comprised the first generation to grow up with the television; some popular Boomer-era shows included Howdy Doody, The Mickey Mouse Club, Captain Video, The Soupy Sales Show, The Brady Bunch, Gilligan's Island, The Twilight Zone, Batman, Rowan and Martin's Laugh-In, Star Trek, The Ed Sullivan Show, All in the Family and Happy Days.[citation needed]

text: In the 1985 study of U.S. generational cohorts by Schuman and Scott, a broad sample of adults was asked, "What world events over the past 50 years were especially important to them?"[29] For the baby boomers the results were:

text:
Baby Boomer cohort number one (born 1946–55), the cohort who epitomized the cultural change of the sixties

Memorable events: the Cold War (and associated Red Scare), the Cuban Missile Crisis, assassinations of JFK, Robert Kennedy, and Martin Luther King, Jr., political unrest, walk on the moon, risk of the draft into the Vietnam War or actual military service during the Vietnam War, anti-war protests, social experimentation, sexual freedom, drug experimentation, the Civil Rights Movement, environmental movement, women's movement, protests and riots, and Woodstock.
Key characteristics: experimental, individualism, free spirited, social cause oriented.

Baby Boomer cohort number two (born 1956–64)

Memorable events: the Cold War, the Cuban Missile Crisis and the assassinations of John F. Kennedy, Robert Kennedy, and Martin Luther King, Jr., for those born in the first couple of years of this generation, the Vietnam War, walk on the moon, Watergate and Nixon's resignation, lowered drinking age to 18 in many states 1970–1976 (followed by raising back to 21 in the mid-1980s as a result of congressional lobbying by Mothers Against Drunk Driving (MADD)), the oil embargo, raging inflation, gasoline shortages, economic recession and lack of viable career opportunities upon graduation from high school or college, Jimmy Carter's reimposition of registration for the draft, the Iran hostage crisis, Ronald Reagan, Live Aid
Key characteristics: less optimistic, distrust of government, and general cynicism.[citation needed]

tag: ul

text: There is often debate regarding the generational identity of those born from 1961 to 1964. Some demographers and researchers consider these individuals to be part of the younger demographic cohort, Generation X.[30][31][32][33]

text: Healthcare[edit]

text: The density of Baby Boomers can put a strain on Medicare. According to the American Medical Student Association, the population of individuals over the age of 65 will increase by 73 percent between 2010 and 2030, meaning one in five Americans will be a senior citizen.[34]

text: Aging and end-of-life issues[edit]

text: As of 1998[update], it was reported that, as a generation, boomers had tended to avoid discussions and planning for their demise and avoided much long-term planning.[35] However, beginning at least as early as that year, there has been a growing dialogue on how to manage aging and end-of-life issues as the generation ages.[36] In particular, a number of commentators have argued that Baby Boomers are in a state of denial regarding their own aging and death and are leaving an undue economic burden on their children for their retirement and care. According to the 2011 Associated Press and LifeGoesStrong.com surveys:

text:
60% lost value in investments because of the economic crisis
42% are delaying retirement
25% claim they will never retire (currently still working)[37][38]

text: In 2013, the early baby boomers (depending on birth years used) reached a common retirement age in the United States: 67 years.

text: Impact on history and culture[edit]

text: An indication of the importance put on the impact of the boomer was the selection by TIME magazine of the Baby Boom Generation as its 1966 "Man of the Year." As Claire Raines points out in Beyond Generation X, "never before in history had youth been so idealized as they were at this moment." When Generation X came along it had much to live up to in according to Raines.[39]

text: Boomers are often associated with the counterculture of the 1960s, the civil rights movement, and the "second-wave" feminist cause of the 1970s. Conversely, many trended in moderate to conservative directions opposite to the counterculture, especially those making professional careers in the military (officer and enlisted), law enforcement, business, blue collar trades, and Republican Party politics. They are also associated with the spending trends and narcissism of the "Me" generation.

text: People often take it for granted that each succeeding generation will be "better off" than the one before it. When Generation X came along just after the boomers, they would be the first generation to enjoy a lesser quality of life than the generation preceding it.[40][41][42][43]

text: Baby boomers continue to have a big effect on politics, as the United States presidential election, 2016 came down to two controversial candidates in Hillary Clinton and Donald Trump, both boomers, with a majority of Trump's support coming from the Baby Boomer generation.[44][45] Three American presidents were born in 1946: Bill Clinton, George W. Bush and Donald Trump.

text: Within the UK, There have been numerous Baby Boomers as major party leaders, including three prime ministers (Tony Blair, Gordon Brown and Theresa May), and three leaders of the opposition (Tony Blair, Iain Duncan Smith and Jeremy Corbyn).


document_title: How the Grinch Stole Christmas!

question_text: dogs name in the grinch who stole christmas

text: How the Grinch Stole Christmas!

text: Plot[edit]

text: The Grinch is a bitter, grouchy, cave-dwelling creature with a heart "two sizes too small" who is living as a hermit on the snowy Mount Crumpit, a steep high mountain just north of the town of Whoville, home of the merry and warm-hearted Whos. His only companion is his unloved, but loyal dog, Max. From his cave, the Grinch can hear the noisy Christmas festivities that take place in Whoville. Continuously annoyed, he decides to devise a wicked scheme by stealing their presents, trees, and food for their Christmas feast. He crudely disguises himself as Santa Claus, and forces Max, disguised as a reindeer, to drag a sleigh down the mountain towards Whoville. Once at Whoville, the Grinch slides down the chimney of one house and steals all of the Whos' Christmas presents, the Christmas tree, and the log for their fire. He is briefly interrupted in his burglary by Cindy Lou, a little Who girl, but concocts a crafty lie to effect his escape from her home. After stealing from one house, he does the same thing to all the other houses in the village of Whoville.

text: After spending all night stealing stuff from the houses of Whoville, the Grinch prepares his journey back to Mount Crumpit, and intends to dump all of the Christmas stuff into the abyss, but Max, utilizing every last of his strength to pull the sleigh upward, causes the sleigh to get stuck on a cliff. As dawn arrives, the Grinch expects the people in Whoville to let out bitter and sorrowful cries, but is confused to hear them singing a joyous Christmas song instead. He puzzles for a moment until it dawns on him that "maybe Christmas, perhaps, means a little bit more" than just presents and feasting. The Grinch's shrunken heart suddenly grows three sizes. The reformed and liberated Grinch begins having second thoughts, and returns to the village to give back all of the Whos' Christmas stuff. The Grinch is warmly invited to the Whos' feast, where he has the honor of carving the Roast Beast.

text: Creation and publication[edit]

text: The Grinch first appeared in a 32-line illustrated poem by Dr. Seuss called "The Hoobub and the Grinch," which was originally published in the May 1955 edition of Redbook magazine.[3] Dr. Seuss began work on How the Grinch Stole Christmas! a couple years later, around the beginning of 1957. He had recently completed The Cat in the Hat and was in the midst of founding Beginner Books with Phyllis and Bennett Cerf and his wife, Helen Palmer Geisel. Helen, who had ongoing medical problems and had suffered a small stroke in April 1957, nevertheless acted as an unofficial editor, as she had with previous Dr. Seuss books.[4] Dr. Seuss wrote the book quickly and was mostly finished with it within a few weeks.[5] Biographers Judith and Neil Morgan wrote, "It was the easiest book of his career to write, except for its conclusion."[4] According to Dr. Seuss,

text: "I got hung up getting the Grinch out of the mess. I got into a situation where I sounded like a second-rate preacher or some biblical truisim... Finally in desperation... without making any statement whatever, I showed the Grinch and the Whos together at the table, and made a pun of the Grinch carving the 'roast beast.' ... I had gone through thousands of religious choices, and then after three months it came out like that."[4]

text: By mid-May 1957, the book was finished and in the mail to the Random House offices in New York. In June, the Dr. Seuss and his wife took a month-long vacation to Hawaii, where he checked and returned the book's galley proof.[4] The book debuted in December 1957, in both a book version published by Random House and in an issue of Redbook.[6] Dr. Seuss dedicated the book to Theodor "Teddy" Owens, the one-year-old son of his niece, Peggy Owens.[4]

text: Reception[edit]

text: M.S. Libby, writing in the New York Herald Tribune, compared the book favorably to Dr. Seuss's earlier works: "His peculiar and original genius in line and word is always the same, yet, so rich are the variations he plays on his themes, always fresh and amusing."[7] Kirkus Reviews wrote, "Youngsters will be in transports over the goofy gaiety of Dr. Seuss's first book about a villain."[7] The reviewer called the Grinch "easily the best Christmas-cad since Scrooge."[7] Ellen Lewis Buell, in her review in The New York Times, praised the book's handling of its moral, as well as its illustrations and verse. She wrote,

text: "Even if you prefer Dr. Seuss in a purely antic mood, you must admit that if there's a moral to be pointed out, no one can do it more gaily. The reader is swept along by the ebullient rhymes and the weirdly zany pictures until he is limp with relief when the Grinch reforms and, like the latter, mellow with good feelings."[7]

text: The review for The Saturday Review of Literature stated: "The inimitable Dr. Seuss has brought off a fresh triumph in his new picture book... The verse is as lively and the pages are as bright and colorful as anyone could wish."[7] The reviewer suggested that parents and older siblings reading the book to young children would also enjoy its moral and humor.[7] Charlotte Jackson of the San Francisco Chronicle called the book "wonderful fantasy, in the true Dr. Seuss manner, with pictures in the Christmas colors."[7]

text: Analysis[edit]

text: Some writers, including Dr. Seuss himself, have made a connection between the Grinch and Dr. Seuss. In the story, the Grinch laments that he has had to put up with the Whos' celebration of Christmas for 53 years. As both Thomas Fensch and Charles Cohen note, Dr. Seuss was 53 when he wrote and published the book.[8][9] Dr. Seuss himself asserted the connection in an article in the December 1957 edition of Redbook: "I was brushing my teeth on the morning of the 26th of last December when I noticed a very Grinch-ish countenance in the mirror. It was Seuss! So I wrote about my sour friend, the Grinch, to see if I could rediscover something about Christmas that obviously I'd lost."[10] Seuss's step-daughter, Lark Dimond-Cates, stated in a speech in 2003, "I always thought the Cat... was Ted on his good days, and the Grinch was Ted on his bad days."[11] Cohen notes that Seuss drove a car with a license plate that read "GRINCH".[9]

text: Thomas Fensch notes that the Grinch is the first adult and the first villain to be a main character in a Dr. Seuss book.[8]

text: Adaptations[edit]

text: The book has been adapted into a variety of media, including stage and film. Chuck Jones and Ben Washam (Co-Director) adapted the story as an animated special in 1966, featuring narration by Boris Karloff, who also provided the Grinch's voice. Thurl Ravenscroft sang "You're a Mean One Mr. Grinch" with lyrics written by Dr. Seuss himself.[12][13] A musical stage version was produced by the Old Globe Theatre, San Diego, in 1998. It also was produced on Broadway and a limited-engagement US tour in 2008. The North American Tour began in the fall of 2010 and has subsequently toured every fall since. It will begin its 6th tour in October 2015.[14] In 2000, the book was adapted into a live-action film, directed by Ron Howard and starring Jim Carrey as the Grinch.[15] Illumination Entertainment is also developing a 3D animated feature film, titled The Grinch[16] with Peter Candeland and Yarrow Cheney set to direct it and Benedict Cumberbatch voicing the Grinch.[17] It was originally scheduled to be released on November 10, 2017,[18] but in June 2016, it was pushed back to November 9, 2018.[19]

text: Several audio recordings and audio-visual adaptations of the book have also been published. In 1975, Zero Mostel narrated an LP record of the story.[20] In 1992, Random House Home Video released an updated animated version of the book narrated by Walter Matthau.[21] In 2009, an interactive e-book version was released for the iPhone.[22] The book was adapted into a 13-minute song, performed by the Boston Pops Orchestra, arranged by Danny Troob, and featuring bassist Reid Burton and actor Will LeBow narrating it on the Boston Pops's 2013 CD, "A Boston Pops Christmas – Live from Symphony Hall with Keith Lockhart".

text: As of 2005, the book had been translated into nine languages,[23] including Latin as Quomodo Invidiosulus Nomine Grinchus Christi Natalem Abrogaverit: How the Grinch Stole Christmas in Latin by Jennifer Morrish Tunberg with the assistance of Terence O. Tunberg. The translation was published in October 1998 by Bolchazy-Carducci Publishers Inc.[24]

text: Legacy[edit]

text: Based on a 2007 online poll, the National Education Association named How the Grinch Stole Christmas! one of its "Teachers' Top 100 Books for Children".[25] In 2012 it was ranked number 61 among the "Top 100 Picture Books" in a survey published by School Library Journal – the fourth of five Dr. Seuss books on the list.[26]

text: The Grinch appears in the animated specials Halloween Is Grinch Night and The Grinch Grinches the Cat in the Hat and he and Max also appear in the puppet children's show The Wubbulous World of Dr. Seuss. The Grinch, Cindy Lou Who, and Max, appear in Seussical, a musical which takes it plot from several Dr. Seuss books.

text: Notes[edit]

text:
Jump up ^ Zielinski, Stan (2006-06-20). "Collecting Children's Picturebooks: Dr. Seuss – Redbook Magazine Original Stories". 1stedition.net. Retrieved 2010-09-09.
Jump up ^ Nel 2004, p. 130.
Jump up ^ Nel 2004, p. 117
^ Jump up to: a b c d e Morgan & Morgan 1995, pp. 157–58.
Jump up ^ MacDonald 1988, p. 92.
Jump up ^ Nel 2004, p. 118.
^ Jump up to: a b c d e f g Fensch 2001, pp. 128–29.
^ Jump up to: a b Fensch 2001, p. 126.
^ Jump up to: a b Cohen 2004, p. 330.
Jump up ^ Hart, William B. (December 1957). "Between the Lines". Redbook.  |access-date= requires |url= (help) as quoted in Cohen 2004, p. 330
Jump up ^ Dimond-Cates, Lark (October 27, 2003). Speech by Lark Dimond-Cates (Speech). United States Postal Service's unveiling of Theodor Seuss Geisel stamp. Dr. Seuss National Memorial Sculpture Garden, Springfield, Massachusetts.  as quoted in Cohen 2004, p. 321
Jump up ^ Lindemann 2005, p. 124
Jump up ^ Morgan & Morgan 1995, pp. 190–92
Jump up ^ http://www.grinchmusical.com/
Jump up ^ "How the Grinch Stole Christmas". Box Office Mojo. Retrieved 9 March 2015.
Jump up ^ Kit, Borys (February 7, 2013). "'How the Grinch Stole Christmas' Remake in the Works at Universal". The Hollywood Reporter. Retrieved February 7, 2013.
Jump up ^ Kroll, Justin (April 13, 2016). "Benedict Cumberbatch to Voice the Grinch in 'How the Grinch Stole Christmas'". Variety.
Jump up ^ "Universal Dates 'Despicable Me 3,' New 'Grinch Who Stole Christmas'". The Hollywood Reporter. 2011-11-17. Retrieved 2014-01-16.
Jump up ^ Kroll, Justin (June 7, 2016). "Illumination's 'The Grinch' Pushed Back to 2018". Variety. Retrieved June 7, 2016.
Jump up ^ Lindemann 2005, p. 139
Jump up ^ Lindemann 2005, p. 125
Jump up ^ Broida, Rick. "'How the Grinch Stole Christmas' dazzles on iPhone". Cnet. Retrieved 4 December 2013.
Jump up ^ Lindemann 2005, pp. 31–33
Jump up ^ Reardon, Patrick (15 December 1998). "How the Grinch Went Latin". Chicago Tribune. Retrieved 9 March 2015.
Jump up ^ National Education Association (2007). "Teachers' Top 100 Books for Children". Retrieved August 19, 2012.
Jump up ^ Bird, Elizabeth (July 6, 2012). "Top 100 Picture Books Poll Results". A Fuse #8 Production. Blog. School Library Journal (blog.schoollibraryjournal.com). Retrieved August 19, 2012.

tag: ol

text: Sources[edit]

text:
Cohen, Charles (2004). The Seuss, the Whole Seuss, and Nothing But the Seuss: A Visual Biography of Theodor Seuss Geisel. Random House. ISBN 978-0375822483.
Fensch, Thomas (2001). The Man Who Was Dr. Seuss. Woodlands: New Century Books. ISBN 0-930751-11-6.
Lindemann, Richard (2005). The Dr. Seuss Catalog: An Annotated Guide to Works by Theodor Geisel in All Media, Writings About Him, and Appearances of Characters and Places in the Books, Stories and Films. McFarland & Company.
MacDonald, Ruth (1988). Dr. Seuss. Twayne Publishers. ISBN 0-8057-7524-2.
Morgan, Neil; Morgan, Judith Giles (1996). Dr. Seuss and Mr. Geisel: a biography. New York: Da Capo Press. ISBN 978-0-306-80736-7.
Nel, Philip (2004). Dr. Seuss: American Icon. Continuum Publishing. ISBN 0-8264-1434-6.
Pease, Donald E. (2010). Theodor Seuss Geisel. Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-532302-3.


document_title: Anne (TV series)

question_text: who played anne in anne with an e

question_tokens: who played anne in anne with an e

text: Anne (TV series)

text: Premise[edit]

text: Brother and sister Matthew and Marilla Cuthbert, both in late middle age (Matthew is 60), decide to take on an orphan boy to help out around their ancestral farm of Green Gables, on the outskirts of the town of Avonlea, on Prince Edward Island. When Matthew goes to pick the child up at the railway station, he finds not a boy, but a high-spirited and talkative girl, Anne Shirley. At first, the Cuthberts are inclined to send her back, particularly after Marilla's brooch goes missing, and Anne, in despair, runs away. Reconciled and settled in her new home and school, Anne once again displays boundless enthusiasm which is nevertheless easily turned into despair when things go wrong, which they often do. Slowly, her ebullient nature wins over those around her.

text: Cast[edit]

text: Main[edit]

text:
Amybeth McNulty as Anne Shirley[7]
Geraldine James as Marilla Cuthbert[7]
R. H. Thomson as Matthew Cuthbert[7]
Dalila Bela as Diana Barry[8]
Lucas Jade Zumann as Gilbert Blythe[9]
Corrine Koslo as Rachel Lynde[8]
Aymeric Jett Montaz as Jerry Baynard[8]

text: Others[edit]

text:
Jonathan Holmes as Mr. William Barry
Helen Johns as Mrs. Eliza Barry
Ryan Kiera Armstrong as Minnie Mary Barry
Deborah Grover as Josephine Barry
Wayne Best as John Blythe
Phillip Williams as Thomas Lynde
David Ingram as Mr. Harmon Andrews
Janet Porter as Mrs. Andrews
Christian Martyn as Billy Andrews
Lia Pappas-Kemps as Jane Andrews
Ella Jonas Farlinger as Prissy Andrews
Jim Annan as Mr. Gillis
Fiona Byrne as Mrs. Gillis
Kyla Matthews as Ruby Gillis
Jacob Ursomarzo as Moody Spurgeon
Stephen Tracey as Mr. Phillips
Cory Gruter-Andrew as Cole Mackenzie
Miranda McKeon as Josie Pye
Glenna Walters as Tillie Boulter
Katelyn Wells as Mary Joe
Jacob Horsley as Charlie Sloane

text: Production[edit]

text: According to executive producer Miranda de Pencier, this adaptation of the novel has a different look and feel to past productions, aiming for a "documentary level of realism", as reflected in the extraordinary detail which has gone into the design of sets and costumes.[10]

text: Personnel[edit]

text: Besides the show itself having a larger number of female characters than male, women serving as executive producer and showrunner, the series has several female directors.[11] For the second season, showrunner and scriptwriter Moira Walley-Beckett is joined by a team of women writers.[12]

text: Casting[edit]

text: Approximately 1800 girls on three continents auditioned for the role of Anne Shirley. Amybeth McNulty was chosen for her ability to deliver dialogue which is "incredibly thick and dynamic and beautiful", according to Miranda de Pencier. Walley-Beckett describes her as at once "luminous," transparent, smart, soulful and emotional.[11]

text: Filming locations[edit]

text: The series is filmed partially in Prince Edward Island as well as locations in Southern Ontario (including Millbrook[13] and Caledon).[14]

text: Music[edit]

text: The opening theme is the song "Ahead by a Century" performed and originally composed by Canadian band The Tragically Hip.[11]

text: Themes[edit]

text: Moira Walley-Beckett had this to say about her treatment, which is darker than the previous productions: "In this day and age, themes of identity, prejudice, bullying, being an outsider, searching for a way to be accepted and how to belong are entirely topical and super relevant, and those are themes that are built into the story of 'Anne.'" She went on to call Anne Shirley an "accidental feminist", and how she "really wanted to tell this story now."[11]

text: Broadcast and release[edit]

text: The series initially premiered on March 19, 2017, on CBC and aired on a weekly basis, the season finale airing on April 30, 2017.

text: The series debuted on Netflix on May 12, 2017, under the title Anne with an E.[15][16]

text: Episodes[edit]

text: Season 1 (2017)[edit]

text:
No.
Title
Directed by
Written by
Original air date
Can. viewers
(millions)

1
"Your Will Shall Decide Your Destiny"
Niki Caro
Moira Walley-Beckett
March 19, 2017 (2017-03-19)
0.999[17]

When a miscommunication brings a girl, Anne Shirley, to Green Gables instead of a boy, Marilla and Matthew Cuthbert are faced with a life-changing decision.

2
"I Am No Bird, and No Net Ensnares Me"
Helen Shaver
Moira Walley-Beckett
March 26, 2017 (2017-03-26)
0.780[18]

Hoping all is not lost, Matthew races to catch up with Anne while Marilla anxiously hopes and waits for their return to Green Gables.

3
"But What Is So Headstrong as Youth?"
Sandra Goldbacher
Moira Walley-Beckett
April 2, 2017 (2017-04-02)
0.994[19]

Anne is excited to begin school and make friends, but is unprepared for the bullying that occurs when she doesn't fit in. Marilla too, is testing new waters as she accepts an invitation to join a "Progressive Mothers" group.

4
"An Inward Treasure is Born"
David Evans
Moira Walley-Beckett
April 9, 2017 (2017-04-09)
0.654[20]

Anne is faced with the decision of whether or not to return to school. But a fire at the Gillis house and Anne's generous actions help her in her choice.

5
"Tightly Knotted to a Similar String"
Patricia Rozema
Moira Walley-Beckett
April 16, 2017 (2017-04-16)
N/A

Anne must deal with the inevitability of womanhood when she gets her first period. At the same time, Marilla and Matthew acclimatize to parenthood and revisit moments of their youth through Anne.

6
"Remorse Is the Poison of Life"
Paul Fox
Moira Walley-Beckett
April 23, 2017 (2017-04-23)
0.656[21]

When her little sister Minnie May becomes ill, Diana runs to Anne for help. Meanwhile, the Blythe farm sees change, as Marilla is reminded of what she gave up and Matthew receives some unsettling news.

7
"Wherever You Are Is My Home"
Amanda Tapping
Moira Walley-Beckett
April 30, 2017 (2017-04-30)
N/A

The Cuthberts vow to do whatever it takes to save the farm which reminds Anne of the strength of friendship and love.

tag: table

text: Reception[edit]

text: Critical response[edit]

text: The series has achieved a rating of 88% on Rotten Tomatoes, the site's critical consensus stating: "Anne with an E uses its complex central character to offer a boldly stylish, emotionally resonant spin on classic source material that satisfies in its own right."[22] The series has received a rating of 79 on Metacritic based on fifteen reviews, indicating "generally favorable reviews".[23]

text: Emily Ashby, writing for Common Sense Media, calls the series an "exceptional" and "spectacular" interpretation, giving it four out of five stars.[24] Tasha Cerny, contributor for the Tracking Board, praises the cinematography as lush and colourful, the characters vibrant, and the plot "surprisingly thrilling for a story about a young girl living in a small secluded community in the late nineteenth century. I laughed, I cried, and I didn’t expect either from a show about a little girl."[25] Gwen Inhat of the A.V. Club, calls the series "at once darker and sweeter than the original" novel, praising the core cast, reserving the highest for the series lead: "Amybeth McNulty defies her youth with a performance that’s less a portrayal of Anne than an absolute possession. It can’t be easy to make Anne’s fanciful language sing the way she does, and McNulty captures the endearing awkwardness that enables Anne to win over everyone she comes in contact with."[26] Writing of the 90-minute premiere episode for the Toronto Star, Johanna Schneller was appreciative of Walley-Beckett's departures from the novel, bringing its subtext to the fore: "Reading between the novel's lines and adding verisimilitude, she gives us quick but potent glimpses of the miseries many orphans faced in 1890s imperialist culture."[27] Hanh Nguyen, reviewing the series for IndieWire, concurs with this assessment, saying: "Rather than ruining the series, they give the context for why Anne would be filled with gratitude for the beauties of nature, basic human decency and having a family to call her own. Montgomery had based much of Anne’s need for escape into imagination on her own lonely childhood, and her stories have always had an underlying poignancy that made them all the sweeter."[28] Jen Chaney, writing for Vulture.com, agrees, saying: "What distinguishes it from other previous Anne iterations is its willingness to harden some of the story’s softness, just enough, to create an element of realism that period pieces, Gables-related or not, can be inclined to avoid."[29] Neil Genzlinger writing for The New York Times, commenting on reports of darkness and grittiness, goes so far as to call the adaptation "richer" than the source material: "Ms. McNulty’s Anne is still wonderfully ebullient and eminently likable; she’s just not the one-dimensional figure of other adaptations".[30] Annie Hirschlag, writing for Mic, suggests that a genuinely contemporary Anne is bound to reflect the current television landscape and wider culture of its times (the 2010s): "Since today's entertainment is peppered with antiheroes — characters who are far from perfect, even occasionally villainous — it makes sense that Anne's familiar idealism is fringed with darkness and agony."[31]

text: Some reviewers were more ambivalent, mainly about Walley-Beckett's changes to the story. Canadian novelist Saleema Nawaz, who reviewed the 90-minute first episode for Toronto Life, said she enjoyed it more than she expected, particularly the set designs and costumes, as well as the performances by McNulty and Thomson, and she approved of the choice of theme song as reflective of the continued relevance of the source material. She was less sure about how far the series intended to stray from that source material, and disapproved of the "manufactured drama, such as Matthew’s wild horse ride".[32] Writing for Entertainment Weekly, Isabella Beidenharn expressed similar feelings, but, "putting the source material aside, it’s a fine show on its own", and she conceded that "inventing a dark side might help Anne With an E fit into today’s TV landscape".[33] Allison Keene, writing for Collider, agrees that Anne is a good drama on its own terms, but allows it is "only a fair adaptation" of the novel, at its best in the home scenes: "Anne with an E is undeniably the most stylish adaptation we’ve ever seen of Anne of Green Gables. But its desire to reveal more of Anne’s miserable past in order to be more true to what the desperation of an orphan is like feels at odds with Montgomery’s story."[34] Writing for Variety, critic Sonia Saraiya is even more ambivalent, describing the series as on the one hand "a brilliant adaptation" which "succeeds admirably", but on the other hand, "the show can’t quite sustain the brilliance, veering first into maudlin territory and then into the oddly saccharine as it tests out its tone", contending that "the show gets a bit bogged down in telling the story of Anne’s dysfunction", presenting "a slightly soapy view of Anne’s trials and tribulations that at times really humanize her and in others, are rather infantilizing".[35]

text: Sarah Larson, writing for The New Yorker, was not at all impressed with changes made to the story, arguing that they alter Anne's character to the point of non-recognition. While she acknowledges that bringing subtext to the fore is a fine idea, she is not pleased with the execution, saying that the result is part "the Anne we know and love" and part "untrustworthy stranger", calling the alteration and addition of scenes a "betrayal" of Montgomery's novel, comparing the treatment unfavourably to Patricia Rozema's 1999 adaptation of Jane Austen's Mansfield Park.[36] For Joanna Robinson, writing for Vanity Fair, a central problem with the show is that it "seems to think that in order for Anne to be a feminist figure, she has to butt up against a straw-man-filled patriarchy," and so it turned many of the male characters into misogynists, most notably the Reverend Allan, who is considered by Anne to be a "kindred spirit" in the book: "Anne with an E seems to think Anne’s triumphs are only noteworthy if she's continually told she can't succeed, when in fact her unfettered brilliance needs no such clumsy opposition. It also seems to think that Anne needs a radical feminist makeover when, in fact, the story of her success was feminist in its own right." This is part of a more general problem Robinson notes, that conflicts are exaggerated and overdone: "this series thrives on non-stop tragedy."[37]


document_title: Timeline of United States history (1900–29)

question_text: what was going on in the world in 1900

question_tokens: what was going on in the world in 1900

text:
1900 – U.S. population exceeds 75 million
1900 – U.S. helps put down Boxer Rebellion
1900 – 1900 Galveston hurricane
1901 – William McKinley assassinated
1901 – Theodore Roosevelt becomes President
1901 – U.S. Steel founded by John Pierpont Morgan
1901 – Hay–Pauncefote Treaty
1902 – Drago Doctrine
1902 – First Rose Bowl game played
1902 – Newlands Reclamation Act
1903 – Great Train Robbery movie opens
1903 – Harley-Davidson Motor Company created
1903 – Ford Motor Company formed
1903 – First World Series
1903 – Elkins Act
1903 – Big Stick Diplomacy
1903 – Hay–Bunau-Varilla Treaty
1903 – Hay–Herrán Treaty
1903 – Department of Commerce and Labor created
1903 – The Wright brothers make their first powered flight in the Wright Flyer
1904 – Roosevelt Corollary to Monroe Doctrine
1904 – Panama Canal Zone acquired
1904 – Worlds Fair St. Louis
1905 – Niagara Falls conference
1905 – Industrial Workers of the World
1905 - Einstein's Theory of Relativity
1906 – Susan B. Anthony dies
1906 – Algeciras Conference
1906 – Pure Food and Drug Act and Meat Inspection Act
1906 – Hepburn Act
1906 – Theodore Roosevelt negotiates Treaty of Portsmouth, receives Nobel Peace Prize

text:
1906 – San Francisco earthquake
1907 – Oklahoma becomes a state
1907 – Gentlemen's Agreement
1907 – Coal mine explodes in Monongah, West Virginia, killing at least 361. Worst industrial accident in American history.
1908 – Ford Model T appears on market
1908 – Root–Takahira Agreement
1908 – Federal Bureau of Investigation established
1908 – Aldrich–Vreeland Act
1909 – The U.S. penny is changed to the Abraham Lincoln design
1909 – William Howard Taft becomes President
1909 – Robert Peary claims to have reached the North Pole
1909 – NAACP founded by W. E. B. Du Bois
1909 – Payne–Aldrich Tariff Act
1909 – Taft implements Dollar Diplomacy
1909 – Pinchot–Ballinger controversy

text:
1910 – Mann–Elkins Act
1910 – Mann Act
1911 – Supreme Court breaks up Standard Oil
1911 – Triangle Shirtwaist fire
1911 – First ever Indianapolis 500 is staged; Ray Harroun is the first winner
1912 – RMS Titanic sinks
1912 – New Mexico and Arizona become states
1912 – Girl Scouts of the USA was started by Juliette Gordon Low
1912 – Theodore Roosevelt shot, but not killed, while campaigning for the Bull Moose Party
1913 – Woodrow Wilson becomes President
1913 – 16th Amendment, establishing an income tax
1913 – End of the Philippine–American War
1913 – The Armory Show opens in New York City introducing Modern art both American and European to the American public.
1913 – 17th Amendment, establishing direct election of U.S. Senators.
1913 – Underwood Tariff
1913 – Henry Ford develops the modern assembly line
1914 – Mother's Day established as a national holiday
1914 – Federal Trade Commission created
1914 – Clayton Antitrust Act
1914 – ABC Powers
1915 – The Birth of a Nation opens
1915 – RMS Lusitania sunk
1916 – U.S. acquires Virgin Islands
1916 – Jeannette Rankin first woman elected to U.S. congress
1916 – Louis Brandeis appointed to Supreme Court
1916 – Adamson Railway Labor Act
1916 – Federal Farm Loan Act
1916 – Jone Act
1917 – Zimmermann Telegram
1917 – U.S. enters World War I
1917 – Espionage and Sedition Acts
1917 – Lansing–Ishii Agreement
1917 – NHL
1917 – U.S. Virgin Islands purchased from Denmark
1917–1920 – First Red Scare, marked by a widespread fear of Bolshevism and anarchism
1918 – President Wilson's Fourteen Points, which assures citizens that the Great War was being fought for a moral cause and for postwar peace in Europe
1918 – Treaty of Versailles ends World War I
1919 – Theodore Roosevelt dies
1919 – United States Senate rejects Treaty of Versailles and League of Nations
1919 – 18th Amendment, establishing Prohibition
1919 – Black Sox Scandal during that year's World Series, wherein the fallout lasts for decades

text:
1920 – 19th Amendment, granting women the right to vote
1920 – Sacco and Vanzetti arrested
1920 – First radio broadcasts in Pittsburgh and Detroit
1920 – Volstead Act
1920 – Esch–Cummins Act
1920 – NFL
1921 – Warren G. Harding becomes President
1921 – Washington Disarmament Conference of 1921
1921 – Emergency Quota Act
1922 – Fordney–McCumber Tariff
1923 – President Warren G. Harding dies; Calvin Coolidge succeeds him
1923 – Teapot Dome scandal
1924 – Immigration Act Basic Law
1924 – J. Edgar Hoover is appointed director of the Bureau of Investigation — predecessor to the FBI.
1925 – Scopes Trial, whose outcome found that the teaching of evolution in the classroom "does not violate church and state or state religion laws but instead, merely prohibits the teaching of evolution on the grounds of intellectual disagreement"
1925 – Nellie Tayloe Ross elected governor of Wyoming
1925 – WSM broadcasts the Grand Ole Opry for the first time.
1926 – NBC founded as the U.S.'s first major broadcast network
1927 – Sacco and Vanzetti executed, seven years after they were convicted of murdering two men during an armed robbery in Massachusetts
1927 – Charles Lindbergh makes first trans-Atlantic flight
1927 – The Jazz Singer, the first "talkie" (motion picture with sound) is released
1927 – U.S. citizenship granted to inhabitants of U.S. Virgin Islands
1927 – Columbia Broadcasting System (later called CBS) becomes second national radio network in the U.S.
1928 – Disney's Steamboat Willie opens, the first animated picture to feature Mickey Mouse
1928 – Kellogg–Briand Pact
1928 – Amelia Earhart becomes the first woman to fly solo across the Atlantic Ocean.
1929 – Herbert Hoover becomes President
1929 – St. Valentine's Day Massacre
1929 – Immigration Act
1929 – The Dow Jones Industrial Average plummets a record 68 points over a two-day period, setting off the Wall Street Crash of 1929 and triggering the Great Depression
1929 – The Museum of Modern Art opens to the public in New York City
1929 – American Samoa officially becomes a U.S. territory
1929 – The Great Depression Starts


document_title: Fleet vehicle

question_text: what does it mean if a car is a fleet vehicle

text: Fleet vehicle

text:
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text: This article needs additional citations for verification. Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. (September 2009) (Learn how and when to remove this template message)

text: Fleet vehicles are groups of motor vehicles owned or leased by a business, government agency or other organization rather than by an individual or family. Typical examples are vehicles operated by car rental companies, taxicab companies, public utilities, public bus companies, and police departments. In addition, many businesses purchase or lease fleet vehicles to deliver goods to customers, or for sales representatives to travel to clients. In some jurisdictions and countries, fleet vehicle also means vehicles that are privately owned by employees, or on novated leases, but are used for work purposes; this is called the 'grey fleet'.[1]

text: Fleet vehicles can be managed by a fleet manager or transport manager using fleet management software. Vehicles may be connected to a fleet telematics system by way of a Fleet Management System or FMS.

text: Federal vehicle fleet[edit]

text: In the United States, Federal Vehicle fleets refers to the federal government's vehicles.

text: Fleet leasing in the UK is very much the same as in the USA; business van leasing is popular among the construction industry as a valuable asset. Fleet leasing is popular with much larger businesses with the ability to get great deals and discounts on multi leasing vehicles.


document_title: National Football League Draft

question_text: who picks the players in the nfl draft

question_tokens: who picks the players in the nfl draft

text: National Football League Draft

text: History[edit]

text: Precursor and rationale[edit]

text: As background, Stan Kostka had a huge college career as a U of M running back, leading the Minnesota Gophers to an undefeated season in 1934. Every NFL team wanted to sign him. Since there was no draft back then, savvy Stan did the smart thing - he held out for the highest offer. While a free agent, Stan kept busy, even running for Mayor of Inver Grove Heights, Minnesota. Although his political career did not take off, Stan's nine-month NFL holdout succeeded and he became the league's highest-paid player, signing a $5,000 contract with the NFL's team in Brooklyn, New York on August 25, 1935. As a response to the bidding war for Stan Kostka, the NFL instituted the draft in 1936.[1]

text: In late 1934, Art Rooney, owner of the Pittsburgh Steelers, gave the right of usage of two players to the New York Giants because Rooney's team had no chance to participate in the post-season. After the owner of the Boston Redskins, George Preston Marshall, protested the transaction, the president of the NFL, Joe F. Carr, disallowed the Giants the ability to employ the players.[2] At a league meeting in December 1934, the NFL introduced a waiver rule to prevent such transactions. Any player released by a team during the season would be able to be claimed by other teams. The selection order to claim the player would be in inverse order to the teams' standings at the time.[2][3]

text: Throughout this time, Bert Bell, co-owner of the Philadelphia Eagles, felt his team's lack of competitiveness on the field made it difficult for the Eagles to sell tickets and to be profitable.[4] Compounding the Eagles' problems were players signed with teams that offered the most money,[5] or if the money being equal, players chose to sign with the most prestigious teams at the time,[6] who had established a winning tradition.[7] As a result, the NFL was dominated by the Chicago Bears, Green Bay Packers, Giants, and Redskins.[8][9] Bell's inability to sign a desired prospect, Stan Kostka, in 1935,[5][10][11] eventually led Bell to believe the only way for the NFL to have enduring success was for all teams to have an equal opportunity to sign eligible players.[8][12][13] At a league meeting on May 18, 1935, Bell proposed a draft be instituted to enhance the possibility of competitive parity on the field in order to ensure the financial viability of all franchises. His proposal was adopted unanimously that day,[14][15][16][17] although the first draft would not occur until the next off-season.[12][13]

text: The rules for the selection of the players in the first draft were, first, that a list of college seniors[18][19] would be assembled by each franchise and submitted into a pool. From this pool, each franchise would select, in inverse order to their team's record in the previous year, a player. With this selection, the franchise had the unilateral right to negotiate a contract with that player,[20][21] or the ability to trade that player to another team for a player, or players.[22] If, for any reason, the franchise was unsuccessful in negotiating a contract with the player and was unable to trade the player, the president of the NFL could attempt to arbitrate a settlement between the player and the franchise. If the president was unable to settle the dispute, then the player would be placed in the reserve list of the franchise and would be unavailable to play for any team in the NFL that year.[20][21] In the 1935 NFL season, the Eagles finished in last place at 2–9, thus securing themselves the first pick in the draft.[23][24][25]

text: The first draft (1936)[edit]

text: The first NFL draft began at the Ritz-Carlton Hotel in Philadelphia on February 8, 1936.[12][13] Ninety names were written on a blackboard in the meeting room from which the teams would choose.[26][27] As no team had a scouting department, the list was created from either print media sources, visits to local colleges by team executives, or by recommendations to team executives.[26][27][28] The draft would last for nine rounds,[13][27][29] and it had no media coverage.[13] The first player ever selected in the draft was Jay Berwanger. Bell, prior to the draft, was not successfully able to negotiate a contract with Berwanger so Bell traded him to the Bears.[30][31][32] George Halas, owner of the Bears, was also unsuccessful in signing Berwanger.[33] Berwanger's decision to not play in the NFL was not unusual, as only twenty-four of the eighty-one players selected chose to play in the NFL that year.[34] The draft was recessed on the first day and it was continued and finished on the next day.[35]

text: This draft saw the emergence of Wellington Mara as a savant, as he had been subscribing to magazines and local and out-of-town papers to build up dossiers of college players across the country, which resulted in the Giants' drafting of Tuffy Leemans.[36] As a result of the institution of the draft, Tim Mara, owner of the Giants, reduced Ken Strong's salary offer to $3,200 from $6,000 a year for 1936 because Mara felt the draft would alter the salary structure of the NFL.[37] Generally, the franchises' exclusivity in negotiating with draft picks produced the immediate effect of, depending on sources, stopping the escalating salaries of new players,[13][18] or reducing their salaries.[38][39] Consequently, contemporary critics charged it was anti-labor.[40]

text: Early drafts (1937–1946)[edit]

text: Art Rooney, owner of the Pittsburgh Steelers, chose Byron "Whizzer" White in the first round of the 1938 draft despite White's known public declaration that he would not play professional football and would instead begin work on his Rhodes scholarship. White did, however, agree to play for the 1938 season after Rooney publicly gave him a guaranteed contract of $15,000, double what any other player had ever made in the NFL.[41] The size of the dollar amount brought condemnation from other owners because it altered the pay expectations of college draftees.[42] For the 1939 draft Wellington, for the first time, was put in charge of drafting players for the Giants. He submitted the list of players into the pool that the Giants—or other franchises—could choose players from. However, in the first round he selected a player, Walt Nielsen, not on the list of players that the Giants or any other franchise had submitted. With a grin Wellington stated, "'I didn't think I said I put every name on that list.'"[43]

text: An African-American had not played in the NFL since prior to the draft's institution. In 1939, Kenny Washington was, to no small extent, viewed as one of the greatest college football players of all time. After information was made available to at least one owner of a franchise, Washington was not drafted by any team for the 1940 NFL Draft.[44]

text: The draft would be eventually codified into the NFL Constitution,[45] although no information is available on when that originally occurred.

text: "Bullet Bill" Dudley was the first overall pick in the 1942 draft and he would eventually become the first player picked first overall in the draft to enter the Pro Football Hall of Fame.[46]

text: Scouting era begins (1946–1959)[edit]

text: Eddie Kotal became the first player scout in 1946 when he was hired by Dan Reeves of the Los Angeles Rams.[47][48]

text: The NFL's competition with the AAFC in 1947 resulted in a temporary institution of a bonus pick.

text: Competitive parity did not, however, quickly arrive in the NFL as perennial losers, such as the Eagles and Chicago Cardinals, standings' did not improve until 1947.[38][49]

text: In the thirteenth round, George Taliaferro became the first African-American selected when he was chosen in the 1949 NFL draft. He however, chose to sign with an AAFC team. Wally Triplett was chosen in the nineteenth and he would be the first African-American to be selected in the draft and make an NFL team.[50] After the draft and prior to the start of the season, Paul "Tank" Younger was signed by the Los Angeles Rams as a free agent and became the first NFL player from an historically black college.[48][50] Eddie Robinson, Younger's coach at Grambling, promptly and unequivocally, impressed upon him that the future of the recruitment and drafting of his colleagues at other black colleges lay in the balance based on his success with the Rams.[51]

text: Technology (1960–1979)[edit]

text: The 1960 NFL Draft marked a turning point in the draft's history because of the pending arrival of the American Football League (AFL), as it became a "high-stakes, competitive affair."[52]

text: In 1976, former NFL wide receiver Paul Salata first coined the moniker "Mr. Irrelevant" to refer to the last overall player selected in the draft.[53]

text: ESPN and the digital age (1980–2017)[edit]

text: In 1980, Chet Simmons, president of the year-old ESPN, asked Pete Rozelle if the fledgling network could broadcast coverage of the draft live on ESPN. Although Rozelle did not believe it would be entertaining television, he agreed.[54][55] In 1988, the NFL moved the draft from weekdays to the weekend and ESPN's ratings of the coverage improved dramatically.[54][56]

text: In 2006, ESPN received competition when the NFL Network, which had launched in October 2003, began to produce its own draft coverage. ESPN pays the NFL a rights fee for the non-exclusive rights to draft coverage, a fee that is included in its overall contract to televise games (ESPN Sunday Night NFL from 1987 to 2005, and Monday Night Football from 2006 to the present).[57]

text: In 2010, the NFL moved to a three-day draft with the first day encompassing the first round beginning at 8:00 pm EDT, the second day encompassing the second and third rounds beginning at 7:00 pm EDT, and third day concluding the process with the final four rounds beginning at 11:00 am EDT Saturday.

text: Fox, NFL Network and ESPN (2018–)[edit]

text: Starting with the 2018 NFL Draft, the first two evenings will air on broadcast television, with Fox and NFL Network carrying a simulcast featuring personnel from both the NFL Network and Fox Sports.[58] ESPN continue to produce its own coverage of the draft, with ESPN2 simulcasting Days 1 and 2, while ABC, simulcasts Day 3.

text: Current format[edit]

text: Players who have been out of high school for at least three years are eligible for the NFL draft. The rules do not state that a player must attend college, but virtually all of the players selected in the NFL draft have played college football, usually in the United States but occasionally from Canadian universities as well. A few players are occasionally selected from other football leagues like the Arena Football League (AFL), the Canadian Football League (CFL), and the German Football League (GFL). A small handful of players have also been drafted from colleges who played other sports than football.

text: Rules only state that a player must be three years removed from high school graduation, regardless of what the prospective draftee did during that time. A year as a redshirt player in college counts toward eligibility even though the player was not allowed to participate in games during that year, therefore players who have completed their redshirt sophomore year can enter the NFL draft.

text: Rules for determining draft order[edit]

text: The selection order is based on each team's win-loss record in the previous season and whether the team reached the playoffs. Teams that did not reach the playoffs the previous season are ranked in reverse order of their records (thus the team with the fewest wins is awarded the first selection). Ties between teams with identical records are determined by the following tiebreakers (in order):[59]

text:
Strength of schedule, which is the combined win-loss record for all 16 of the team's opponents in the previous season (ties count as a half win and half loss). The team with the lower strength of schedule (i.e. their opponents compiled fewer wins) is granted the earlier pick in round one.
Record in common games against division opponents (if the teams are in the same division).
Record in common games against conference opponents (if the teams are in the same conference).
Coin flip(s), which occur(s) at the pre-draft NFL Combine.

text: Teams that reached the playoffs the previous season are then slotted in the order in which they were eliminated as indicated in the table below. Within each tier, the slotting is determined as above (i.e. worst record picks first and the same tiebreakers apply).[59]

text:
Status
Draft picks

Non-playoff teams
1–20

Eliminated in Wild Card round
21–24

Eliminated in Divisional round
25–28

Conference runners-up
29–30

Super Bowl runner-up
31

Super Bowl champion
32

text: Once the order for the first round is determined as described above, the selection order remains the same for subsequent rounds with the exception of teams with identical records within their tier. These tied teams "cycle" picks in each subsequent round. For example, in the 2014 draft, the Jacksonville Jaguars, Cleveland Browns, Oakland Raiders, Atlanta Falcons, and Tampa Bay Buccaneers all finished 4–12, and selected in that order in the first round (based on the tiebreakers described above). In the second round, Jacksonville cycled to the back of the line with the order becoming Cleveland, Oakland, Atlanta, Tampa Bay, and Jacksonville. That cycling continued in each round.[citation needed]

text: An exception to this ordering strategy occurs when new "expansion teams" are added to the league. An expansion team is automatically granted the first selection. If there are two or more expansion teams added, a coin toss (for two expansion teams) or a drawing of lots (for three expansion teams or more) determines which team is awarded the first selection in the regular draft. The loser of the coin toss (or the winner of the drawing of lots in the event there are three or more expansion teams) is awarded the first selection in the expansion draft.[60]

text: The 2010 NFL draft was the first draft to take place over three days. Its first round was on Thursday, April 22 at 7:30 p.m. ET, with the second and third rounds on Friday, April 23 at 6 p.m. ET, followed by the remaining rounds on Saturday, April 24 at 10 a.m. ET.[61]

text: The first overall pick generally gets the richest contract, but other contracts rely on a number of variables. While they generally are based on the previous year's second overall pick, third overall, etc., each player's position also is taken into account. Quarterbacks, for example, usually command more money than defensive linemen, which can skew those dollar figures slightly.[citation needed]

text: Timing[edit]

text: Each team has its representatives attend the draft. During the draft, one team is always "on the clock." In Round 1, teams have 10 minutes to make their choice (previously 15)[time needed]. The decision time drops to 7 minutes (previously 10) in the second round and 5 minutes in Rounds 3–6. In round 7, and for compensatory picks, teams only have 4 minutes to make their choice. If a team does not make a decision within its allotted time, the team still can submit its selection at any time after its time is up, but the next team can pick before it, thus possibly 'stealing' a player the team with the earlier pick may have been considering. This occurred in the 2003 draft, when the Minnesota Vikings, with the 7th overall pick, were late with their selection. The Jacksonville Jaguars drafted quarterback Byron Leftwich and the Carolina Panthers drafted offensive tackle Jordan Gross before the Vikings were able to submit their selection of defensive tackle Kevin Williams. This also happened in 2011; as the Baltimore Ravens were negotiating a trade with the Chicago Bears, their time expired and allowed the Kansas City Chiefs to pick ahead of Baltimore, who was unable to finalize the trade with Chicago.

text: Pick trades[edit]

text: Teams may negotiate with one another both before and during the draft for the right to pick an additional player in a given round. For example, a team may include draft picks in future drafts in order to acquire a player during a trading period. Teams may also make negotiations during the draft relinquishing the right to pick in a given round for the right to have an additional pick in a later round. Thus teams may have no picks or multiple picks in a given round.

text: Compensatory picks[edit]

text: In addition to the 32 selections in each of the seven rounds, a total of 32 compensatory picks are awarded to teams based on the players they lost and gained in free agency. Using a proprietary formula, the league defines a class of unrestricted free agents as "compensatory free agents ("CFA"). Teams that have lost more or better compensatory free agents than they signed in the previous year receive picks somewhere in the third through seventh rounds.[62] Teams that gain and lose the same number of players but lose higher-valued players also can be awarded a pick, but only in the seventh round, after the others. Compensatory picks are awarded each year at the NFL annual meeting which is held at the end of March; typically, about three or four weeks before the draft. Compensatory picks can be traded beginning with the 2017 NFL draft.[63] The placement of the picks is determined by a proprietary formula based on the player's salary, playing time, and postseason honors with his new team, with salary being the primary factor. So, for example, a team that lost a linebacker who signed for $2.5 million per year in free agency might get a sixth-round compensatory pick, while a team that lost a wide receiver who signed for $5 million per year might receive a fourth-round pick. However, the NFL has never revealed the exact formula used to determine allotment of compensatory picks, though observers from outside the NFL have been able to reverse engineer it to some degree of certainty.[64]

text: All compensatory picks are awarded at the ends of Rounds 3 through 7. If fewer than 32 such picks are awarded, the remaining picks are awarded after the final Round 7 compensatory picks in the order in which teams would pick in a hypothetical eighth round of the draft; these picks are known as "supplemental compensatory selections". More than 32 compensatory picks have been awarded only on one occasion: the 2016 NFL Draft, where 33 picks were awarded; the additional pick was awarded (under an agreement between the NFL Management Council and the NFLPA) to the Buffalo Bills for losing Da'Norris Searcy to free agency and signing Charles Clay as a transition tagged player from the Miami Dolphins, who had not qualified as a CFA.[65][66]

text: In 2018, the NFL released the compensatory picks on February 23 (nineteen days after the Super Bowl).

text: Salaries[edit]

text: The NFL allows each team a certain amount of money from its salary cap[67] to sign its drafted rookies for their first season. That amount is based on an undisclosed formula that assigns a certain value to each pick in the draft; thus, having more picks, or earlier picks, will increase the allotment. In 2008 the highest allotment was about $8.22 million for the Kansas City Chiefs, who had 12 picks, including two first-rounders, while the lowest was the $1.79 million for the Cleveland Browns who had only five picks, and none in the first three rounds.[68] The exact mechanism for the rookie salary cap is set out in the NFL's collective bargaining agreement (CBA) with the National Football League Players Association (NFLPA). (Those numbers represent the cap hits that each rookie's salary may contribute, not the total amount of money paid out.)

text: The drafted players are paid salaries commensurate with the position in which they were drafted. High first-round picks get paid the most, and low-round picks get paid the least. There is a de facto pay scale for drafted rookies. After the draft, non-drafted rookies may sign a contract with any team in the league. These rookie free-agents are not usually paid as well as drafted players, nearly all of them signing for the predetermined rookie minimum and a small signing bonus.

text: Two other facets of the rookie salary cap impact the makeup of rosters. First, the base salaries of rookie free agents do not count towards the rookie salary cap, though certain bonuses do. Second, if a rookie is traded, his cap allotment remains with the team that originally drafted him, which make trades involving rookie players relatively rare. (This rule does not apply, however, to rookies that are waived by the teams that drafted them.)

text: Teams can also agree to a contract with a draft-eligible player before the draft itself starts. They can only do this if they have the first overall pick, as by agreeing to terms with a player the team has already "selected" which player they will draft. A recent example of this would be quarterback Matthew Stafford and the Detroit Lions in the 2009 NFL Draft. The Lions, with the first overall selection in the draft, agreed to a 6-year, $78 million deal with $41.7 million guaranteed with Stafford a day before the draft officially started. By agreeing to the deal, Stafford had already been chosen as the first overall pick in the draft.

text: Forfeiture[edit]

text: The commissioner has the ability to forfeit picks the team is allotted in a draft. For example, in the 2007 NFL season, the New England Patriots were penalized for videotaping the Jets' defensive signals outside of a designated area. As a result, the Patriots forfeited their first-round pick in the 2008 NFL Draft. Similarly, the San Francisco 49ers were forced to forfeit a fifth-round pick in the same draft for tampering with a player under contract to the Chicago Bears, and were also forced to swap third-round selections with the Bears (moving the 49ers down and the Bears up six spots). Also, NFL Commissioner Roger Goodell penalized the New Orleans Saints by taking away their 2nd round picks in the 2012 and 2013 NFL drafts in the wake of the New Orleans Saints bounty scandal. Another time this has happened was in the 2016 NFL Draft where the Patriots' 1st round pick was taken away for Deflategate.

text: Team policies[edit]

text: Teams vary greatly in their selection methodologies. Owners, general managers, coaches, and others may or may not participate. For the 1983 draft, for example, the Pittsburgh Steelers' head coach Chuck Noll had what team executive Art Rooney, Jr. later described as "the final say" over picks, even over his father, team owner Art Rooney. New England Patriots head coach Ron Meyer, by contrast, later stated that the team, led by owner Billy Sullivan, excluded the coaching staff from any personnel-related decisions, even prohibiting him from reading scouting reports. Had he had the decision-making authority, Meyer said, he would not have chosen Tony Eason in the first round of the 1983 draft.[69]

text: Events leading up to the draft[edit]

text: NFL Draft Advisory Board decisions[edit]

text: College football players who are considering entering the NFL draft but who still have eligibility to play football can request an expert opinion from the NFL-created Draft Advisory Board. The Board, composed of scouting experts and team executives, makes a prediction as to the likely round in which a player would be drafted. This information, which has proven to be fairly accurate, can help college players determine whether to enter the draft or to continue playing and improving at the college level. There are also many famous reporting scouts, such as Mel Kiper Jr.

text: NFL Scouting Combine[edit]

text: The NFL Scouting Combine is a six-day assessment of skills occurring every year in late February or early March in Lucas Oil Stadium in Indianapolis, Indiana. College football players perform physical and mental tests in front of NFL coaches, general managers, and scouts. With increasing interest in the NFL draft, the scouting combine has grown in scope and significance, allowing personnel directors to evaluate upcoming prospects in a standardized setting. Its origins have evolved from the National, BLESTO, and Quadra Scouting services in 1977 to the media frenzy it has become today. Athletes attend by invitation only. Implications of one's performance during the Combine can affect perception, draft status, salary, and ultimately his career. The draft has popularized the term "Workout Warrior" (sometimes known as a "Workout Wonder"), describing an athlete who, based on superior measurables such as size, speed, and strength, has increased his "draft stock" despite having a possibly average or subpar college career.[70][71][72]

text: Pro Day[edit]

text: Each university has a Pro Day, during which the NCAA allows NFL scouts to visit the school and watch players participate in NFL Combine events together. (Some smaller universities join with nearby schools.) Essentially job fairs for prospective NFL players,[73] Pro Days are held under the belief that players feel more comfortable at their own campus than they do at the Combine, which in turn leads to better performances. College teams which produce a large quantity of NFL prospects generally generate huge interest from scouts and coaches at their Pro Days.

text: Pre-draft visits[edit]

text: Each NFL team is allowed to transport a maximum of 30 draft-eligible players for the purposes of physical examinations, interviews, and written tests.[74] If a player attends a school or grew up in the same "metropolitan area" as the team that is inviting the player, that visit is not counted towards the 30-player limit.[75]

text: Tickets[edit]

text: Tickets to the NFL draft are free and made available to fans on a first-come first-served basis. The tickets are distributed at the box office the morning of the draft, one ticket per person.[76]

text: Venue[edit]

text: The NFL Draft is bid on each year by NFL cities and is held in the city of the winning bid in a process that began in 2015.[77] The 2006 draft was held at New York City's Radio City Music Hall, the first time this venue had hosted the gala, and it was held there until 2015, when the draft was held in Chicago's Auditorium Theater. The move marked the first time that the Draft had been in Chicago since 1964. The Theater at Madison Square Garden had hosted the event for a ten-year period, but the NFL moved it to the Javits Convention Center in 2005 following a dispute with the Cablevision-owned arena, who were opposing the West Side Stadium, which would have served as home of the New York Jets and the centerpiece of the New York City bid for the 2012 Summer Olympics, because the new stadium would have competed with the Garden for concerts and other events.[78]

text: Chicago: 1938, 1942–1943, 1951, 1962–1964, 2015–2016 (9)

text:
Auditorium Theatre and Grant Park: 2015, 2016 (2)[79]
Blackstone Hotel: 1951, 1962, 1963, 1964 (4)
Palmer House Hotel: 1942, 1943 (2)
Sherman House Hotel: 1938 (1)

text: Dallas: 2018 (1)

text: AT&T Stadium: 2018

text: Los Angeles: 1956 (1)

text: Ambassador Hotel: 1956* (1)

text: Milwaukee: 1940 (1)

text: Schroeder Hotel: 1940 (1)

text: New York City: 1937, 1939, 1944–1945, 1947, 1952, 1955, 1965–2014 (57)

text:
Americana Hotel: 1973, 1974 (2)
Belmont Plaza Hotel: 1968, 1969, 1970, 1971 (4)
Essex House: 1972 (1)
Gotham Hotel: 1967 (1)
Hilton at Rockefeller Center: 1975 (1)
Commodore Hotel: 1944, 1945, 1947 (3)
Hotel Lincoln: 1937 (1)
Hotel Statler: 1952 (1)
Javits Convention Center: 2005 (1)
New York Marriott Marquis 1986, 1987, 1988, 1989, 1990, 1991, 1992, 1993, 1994 (9)
New York Sheraton Hotel/ Omni Park Central Hotel: 1980, 1981, 1982, 1983, 1984, 1985 (6)
New Yorker Hotel: 1939 (1)
Radio City Music Hall: 2006, 2007, 2008, 2009, 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014 (9)
Roosevelt Hotel 1976, 1977, 1978 (3)
Summit Hotel: 1965, 1966 (2)
Theater at Madison Square Garden: 1995, 1996, 1997, 1998, 1999. 2000, 2001, 2002, 2003, 2004 (10)
Waldorf-Astoria Hotel: 1979 (1)
Warwick Hotel: 1955 (1)

text: Philadelphia: 1936, 1944, 1949–1961, 2017 (15)

text:
Bellevue-Stratford Hotel: 1949*, 1950, 1953, 1954, 1955, 1956*, 1957* (8)
Eakins Oval: 2017 (1)[80]
Racquet Club of Philadelphia: 1950* (1)
Ritz-Carlton Hotel: 1936 (1)
Warwick Hotel: 1944, 1957*, 1958, 1959, 1960, 1961 (6)

text: Pittsburgh: 1948–1949 (2)

text:
Fort Pitt Hotel: 1948 (1)
Schenley Hotel: 1949* (1)

text: Washington, D.C.: 1941 (1)

text: Willard Hotel: 1941 (1)

text: *: Year with more than one Draft venue

text: Source: NFL Draft Locations[81]

text: American Football League draft[edit]

text: Dallas: 1961–1963

text: Dallas Statler Hilton (1961–1963)

text: Minneapolis: 1960

text: Nicollet Hotel (1960)

text: New York: 1964–1966

text: Waldorf Astoria (1964–1966*)

text: No location (by telephone): 1965*

text: *: Year with more than one draft venue

text: Source: NFL Draft Locations[81]

text: Supplemental draft[edit]

text: Since 1977, the NFL has also held a supplemental draft to accommodate players who did not enter the regular draft. Players generally enter the supplementary draft because they missed the filing deadline for the NFL draft or because issues developed which affected their eligibility (such as academic or disciplinary matters). The supplemental draft is scheduled to occur at some point after the regular draft and before the start of the next season. In 1984 the NFL held an additional draft for players who were under contract with either USFL or CFL teams.

text: Draft order is determined by a weighted system that is divided into three groupings. First come the teams that had six or fewer wins last season, followed by non-playoff teams that had more than six wins, followed by the 12 playoff teams. In the supplemental draft, a team is not required to use any picks. Instead, if a team wants a player in the supplemental draft, they submit a "bid" to the Commissioner with the round they would pick that player. If no other team places a bid on that player at an earlier spot, the team is awarded the player and has to give up an equivalent pick in the following year's draft.[82] (For example, FS Paul Oliver was taken by the San Diego Chargers in the fourth round of the supplemental draft in 2007; thus, in the 2008 NFL draft, the Chargers forfeited a fourth-round pick.)

text: The 1985 supplemental draft was particularly controversial. Quarterback Bernie Kosar who had led the University of Miami to its first National Championship in 1984 was earning his academic degree as a junior. Rather than finish his eligibility at Miami he wanted to turn pro. At this time college players had to wait for their class unless they themselves graduated early.

text: A plan was devised by football agent AJ Faigin[83] that was to get him to Kosar's preferred team, the Cleveland Browns. Faigin was representing former University of Miami QB Jim Kelly, then in the USFL, but whose NFL rights were held by the Buffalo Bills. The USFL was in its last days and Kelly would soon be available to the Bills. Faigin's first step was to ask Bill Polian, the GM of Buffalo, if he would be willing to trade the number one supplemental pick (worth next to nothing at that time) to Cleveland. Polian agreed and Faigin told the Cleveland Browns a trade was available. He next notified Kosar's father he should not formally submit his son's application for the standard NFL draft that was weeks away and declare only afterward; which would put him into the supplemental draft.

text: The result of Kosar's withdrawal resulted in rare, open warfare among NFL teams played out in the newspapers with threats of lawsuits between them, notably the Minnesota Vikings and New York Giants, who had expressed interest in choosing him in that season's regular draft. But as no rules were broken the Giants and eventually Minnesota had to back down. Following that season, the NFL instituted the current semi-random supplemental draft order.

text: The strategy devised by A.J. Faigin, to not declare for the NFL until after the regular draft, was subsequently used by other top players for various reasons. In some cases, it was because they did not want to play for the team that would have drafted them in the regular draft. For example, Brian Bosworth did not declare because he did not want to play for the Indianapolis Colts or the Buffalo Bills, the teams who drafted second and third that year. The Colts had offered him a 4-year, $2.2 million deal before the draft.[84] The Seattle Seahawks won the right to draft first in the supplemental draft, and later signed him to a 10-year, $11 million contract.[85] At the time that was the largest rookie contract in NFL history.

text: As of the 1990 season, only players who had graduated or exhausted their college eligibility were made available for the supplemental draft. Since 1993, only players who had planned to attend college but for various reasons could not, have been included in the supplemental draft.

text: List of NFL supplemental draft picks[edit]


document_title: FIS Alpine World Ski Championships 2011

question_text: how many medals did austria win in the 2011 alpine skiing world championships

text: FIS Alpine World Ski Championships 2011

text: Course information[edit]

text:
Course information (metric) [1]

Day
Date
Time
Race
Start
elevation
Finish
elevation
Vertical
drop
Course
length
Gates
Average
gradient
Course
name
Sky
Start
temp.
Finish
temp.

Tue
08 Feb
11:00
Super-G – women
1305 m
770 m
535 m
2.180 km
45
25.3 %
Kandahar 1
sunny
+ 2 C
+ 8 C

Wed
09 Feb
11:00
Super-G – men
1395
770
625
2.200
48
29.6
Kandahar 2
sunny
- 3
+ 8

Fri
11 Feb
10:00
Downhill (SC) – women
1535
770
765
2.920
43
27.2
Kandahar 1
cloudy
+ 3
+ 7

14:00
Slalom (SC) – women
  935
750
185

62

Gudiberg
cloudy
+ 7
+ 12

Sat
12 Feb
11:00
Downhill – men
1690
770
920
3.300
44
29.0
Kandahar 2
sunny
+ 3
+ 9

Sun
13 Feb
11:00
Downhill – women
1490
770
720
2.920
43
25.4
Kandahar 1
p.cldy
+ 3
+ 6

Mon
14 Feb
10:00
Downhill (SC) – men
1690
770
920
3.300
44
29.0
Kandahar 2
sunny
+ 1
+ 4

14:00
Slalom (SC) – men
  960
750
210

62

Gudiberg
sunny
+ 12
+ 12

Thu
17 Feb
12:00
15:00
Giant slalom – women
1100
750
350

51
51

Kandahar 1
foggy
foggy
+ 1
+ 3
+ 3
+ 5

Fri
18 Feb
10:00
13:30
Giant slalom – men
1090
750
340

41
47

Kandahar 2
foggy
foggy
0
+ 1
+ 3
+ 4

Sat
19 Feb
10:00
13:30
Slalom – women
  960
750
210

63
64

Gudiberg
cloudy
sunny
- 1
+ 6
+ 1
+ 7

Sun
20 Feb
10:00
13:30
Slalom – men
  960
750
210

65
64

Gudiberg
foggy
foggy
0
- 1
+ 1
+ 2

text: Medal winners[edit]

text: Men's events[edit]

text:
Event
Gold
Silver
Bronze

Downhill
details [2]
Erik Guay
 Canada (CAN)
1:58.41
Didier Cuche
  Switzerland (SUI)
1:58.73
Christof Innerhofer
 Italy (ITA)
1:59.17

Super-G
details [3]
Christof Innerhofer
 Italy (ITA)
1:38.31
Hannes Reichelt
 Austria (AUT)
1:38.91
Ivica Kostelić
 Croatia (CRO)
1:39.03

Giant slalom
details [4]
Ted Ligety
 United States (USA)
2:10.56
Cyprien Richard
 France (FRA)
2:10.64
Philipp Schörghofer
 Austria (AUT)
2:10.99

Slalom
details[5]
Jean-Baptiste Grange
 France (FRA)
1:41.72
Jens Byggmark
 Sweden (SWE)
1:42.15
Manfred Mölgg
 Italy (ITA)
1:42.33

Super combined
details [6]
Aksel Lund Svindal
 Norway (NOR)
2:54.51
Christof Innerhofer
 Italy (ITA)
2:55.52
Peter Fill
 Italy (ITA)
2:56.41

text: Women's events[edit]

text:
Event
Gold
Silver
Bronze

Downhill
details [7]
Elisabeth Görgl
 Austria (AUT)
1:47.24
Lindsey Vonn
 United States (USA)
1:47.68
Maria Riesch
 Germany (GER)
1:47.84

Super-G
details [8]
Elisabeth Görgl
 Austria (AUT)
1:23.82
Julia Mancuso
 United States (USA)
1:23.87
Maria Riesch
 Germany (GER)
1:24.03

Giant slalom
details [9]
Tina Maze
 Slovenia (SLO)
2:20.54
Federica Brignone
 Italy (ITA)
2:20.63
Tessa Worley
 France (FRA)
2:21.02

Slalom
details [10]
Marlies Schild
 Austria (AUT)
1:45.79
Kathrin Zettel
 Austria (AUT)
1:46.13
Maria Pietilä Holmner
 Sweden (SWE)
1:46.44

Super combined
details [11]
Anna Fenninger
 Austria (AUT)
2:43.23
Tina Maze
 Slovenia (SLO)
2:43.32
Anja Pärson
 Sweden (SWE)
2:43.50

text: Team event[edit]

text:
Event
Gold
Silver
Bronze

Team event
details [12]
 France
Taïna Barioz
Anémone Marmottan
Tessa Worley
Gauthier de Tessières
Thomas Fanara
Cyprien Richard
 Austria
Anna Fenninger
Michaela Kirchgasser
Marlies Schild
Romed Baumann
Benjamin Raich
Philipp Schörghofer
 Sweden
Sara Hector
Anja Pärson
Maria Pietilä Holmner
Axel Bäck
Hans Olsson
Matts Olsson

text: Medal table[edit]

text:
Rank
Nation
Gold
Silver
Bronze
Total

1
 Austria
4
3
1
8

2
 France
2
1
1
4

3
 Italy
1
2
3
6

4
 United States
1
2
0
3

5
 Slovenia
1
1
0
2

6
 Canada
1
0
0
1

 Norway
1
0
0
1

8
 Sweden
0
1
3
4

9
  Switzerland
0
1
0
1

10
 Germany
0
0
2
2

11
 Croatia
0
0
1
1

Total
11
11
11
33

text: Participating nations[edit]

text: 525 athletes from 69 countries will compete.[13] Haiti will make its debut.

text:
Andorra
 Argentina
 Armenia
 Australia
 Austria
 Azerbaijan
 Belarus
 Belgium
 Bosnia and Herzegovina
 Brazil
 Bulgaria
 Canada
 Chile
 China
 Croatia
 Cyprus
 Czech Republic

 Denmark
 Finland
 France
 Georgia
 Germany
 Ghana
 Great Britain
 Greece
 Haiti
 Hungary
 Japan
 Iceland
 India
 Iran
 Ireland
 Israel
 Italy

 Kazakhstan
 Kyrgyzstan
 Latvia
 Lebanon
 Liechtenstein
 Lithuania
 Luxembourg
 Macedonia
 Mexico
 Moldova
 Monaco
 Montenegro
 Netherlands
 New Zealand
 Norway
 Peru
 Poland

 Portugal
 Puerto Rico
 Romania
 Russia
 Serbia
 Slovakia
 Slovenia
 South Africa
 South Korea
 Spain
 Sweden
  Switzerland
 Turkey
 Ukraine
 United States
 Uzbekistan