document_title: The Great British Bake Off

question_text: who won season 2 of great british baking show

text: The Great British Bake Off

text: Background[edit]

text: Development[edit]

text: The idea of the baking competition was conceived by producer Anna Beattie after she spoke to a friend who had seen 'bake-offs' in America.[6] Beattie was also inspired by the classic English village fête baking competitions; she said: "I loved that idea of village fetes and an old-fashioned baking competition with people who only wanted to bake a good cake."[5] However, Beattie failed to interest any channel in the idea for four years. In early 2009, they pitched the idea to Janice Hadlow, the then controller of BBC Two.[7] The pitch was successful, and Hadlow and the Commissioning Editor Charlotte Moore commissioned the programme,[8][9] which was then developed over the next six months. The development team first selected Mary Berry as a judge, and following an audition Paul Hollywood was also appointed. Sue Perkins and Mel Giedroyc were approached to be presenters of the show.[7] Reproducing the surroundings of the English village fête, the series is filmed in bunting-draped marquees in scenic gardens.[10]

text: Broadcast and personnel changes[edit]

text: On 17 August 2010, the first episode of The Great British Bake Off was shown on BBC Two.[11] It stayed on BBC Two for four years, grew in popularity and become the most popular programme on that channel. In its fifth series it was moved to BBC One where it stayed for three years. It was the most-watched programme on British television in 2015 and 2016.[12][13] Following extended negotiations, Love Productions announced that the seventh series of the show would be the last broadcast by the BBC. On 12 September 2016, Love agreed to a three-year deal to broadcast the show on Channel 4.[14][2] Giedroyc and Perkins subsequently announced that they would not be returning when the show moves to its new network.[15] On 22 September, Berry announced that she would also be leaving the show when it moved to Channel 4,[16] while Hollywood later announced he would stay.[17] In March 2017, it was announced that Prue Leith would join Hollywood as judge, while Noel Fielding and Sandi Toksvig would take over as presenters.[18]

text: Format[edit]

text: The programme operates on a weekly elimination process to find the best all-around baker from the contestants, who are all amateurs. The applicants to the show are assessed by a researcher, followed by an audition in London with two of their bakes. They then undergo a screen test and an interview with a producer. A second audition involves the applicants baking two recipes for the judges in front of the cameras.[6] Ten contestants were chosen for the first series, twelve for the following two series, thirteen for the fourth, and back to twelve from series five onwards.

text: In each episode, the amateur bakers are given three challenges: a signature bake, a technical challenge, and a show-stopper.[6] The three challenges take place over two days, and the filming takes up to 16 hours a day. The contestants are assessed by the judges who then choose a "Star Baker" for the week (introduced in series 2), and a contestant is also eliminated. In the final round, three bakers are left and a winner is chosen from the three.

text: In the first series, the location of the cast and crew moves from town to town each week, but starting from the second series, the competition is held in one location in a specially constructed marquee. Interspersed in the programme are the background of the contestants as well as video vignettes on the history of baking. What each baker intends to bake during a particular challenge is illustrated using animated graphics. These graphics have been created by illustrator Tom Hovey since the show's inception in 2010.[19][20]

text: Series overview[edit]

text:
Series
Episodes
Premiere
Finale
Winner
Runners-up
Average UK viewers
(millions)[21][22]
Timeslot
Channel

1
6
17 August 2010
21 September 2010
Edd Kimber
Miranda Gore Browne
2.77
Tuesday
8:00 pm
BBC Two

Ruth Clemens

2
8
14 August 2011
4 October 2011
Joanne Wheatley
Holly Bell
4.00

Mary-Anne Boermans

3
10
14 August 2012
16 October 2012
John Whaite
Brendan Lynch
5.00

James Morton

4
10
20 August 2013
22 October 2013
Frances Quinn
Kimberley Wilson
7.35

Ruby Tandoh

5
10
6 August 2014
8 October 2014
Nancy Birtwhistle
Luis Troyano
10.04
Wednesday
8:00 pm
BBC One

Richard Burr

6
10
5 August 2015
7 October 2015
Nadiya Hussain
Ian Cumming
12.50

Tamal Ray

7
10
24 August 2016
26 October 2016
Candice Brown
Andrew Smyth
13.85

Jane Beedle

8
10
29 August 2017
31 October 2017
Sophie Faldo
Kate Lyon
9.29
Tuesday
8:00 pm
Channel 4

Steven Carter-Bailey

text: Series 1 (2010)[edit]

text: Series 1 of The Great British Bake Off saw ten home bakers take part in a bake-off to test their baking skills as they battled to be crowned the Great British Bake Off's best amateur baker. Each week the nationwide tour saw the bakers put through three challenges in a particular discipline. The rounds took place in various locations across the UK, with the final round being held at Fulham Palace, London.

text: The three finalists were Ruth Clemens, Miranda Gore Browne, and Edd Kimber. On 21 September 2010, Edd Kimber was crowned the best amateur baker.[23]

text: Series 2 (2011)[edit]

text: The number of amateur baker contestants increased to twelve for the second series. Unlike Series 1, this year The Great British Bake Off stayed in one location – Valentines Mansion, a 17th-century mansion house in Redbridge, London.

text: All the Series 2 finalists were female: Holly Bell, Mary-Anne Boermans, and the winning contestant Joanne Wheatley.[24]

text: Series 3 (2012)[edit]

text: A third series of The Great British Bake Off began on 14 August 2012.[25] The series was filmed at Harptree Court in East Harptree, Somerset.

text: In contrast to Season 2, there was an all-male final. The finalists were Brendan Lynch, James Morton and John Whaite,[26] who won the final in a surprise result.[27]

text: Series 4 (2013)[edit]

text: The fourth series of The Great British Bake Off started on 20 August 2013 on BBC Two. The series was again filmed at Harptree Court in East Harptree, Somerset.[28] The all-female final was won by Frances Quinn, with Ruby Tandoh and Kimberley Wilson as runners up.[29]

text: In the U.S., the fourth series was broadcast as season 2 on PBS.

text: Series 5 (2014)[edit]

text: The fifth series of The Great British Bake Off began airing on 6 August 2014 on BBC One. This series was filmed at Welford Park in Berkshire.[30] There were twelve bakers taking part. Mary Berry and Paul Hollywood returned as judges, whilst Sue Perkins and Mel Giedroyc continued to present the series. Richard Burr was awarded the largest number of star baker designations of any series so far, but was beaten by Nancy Birtwhistle in the final.

text: A spin-off show The Great British Bake Off: An Extra Slice, hosted by comedian Jo Brand on BBC Two, was also launched as a companion series this year. Each episode was broadcast two days after the main show but later moved to the same night. The show includes interviews with eliminated contestants.[31]

text: In the U.S., the fifth series was broadcast as season 1 on PBS.

text: Series 6 (2015)[edit]

text: The sixth series began on 5 August 2015[32] on BBC One, again from Welford Park in Berkshire. Spin-off show The Great British Bake Off: An Extra Slice returned for a second series, with Jo Brand as host. This series was won by Nadiya Hussain, with Ian Cumming and Tamal Ray as runners up.[33]

text: In the U.S., the sixth series was broadcast as season 3 on PBS.

text: Series 7 (2016)[edit]

text: The seventh series began on 24 August 2016 on BBC One, once again from Welford Park in Berkshire, a later than usual start following the BBC's coverage of the Olympic Games.[34] This series was won by Candice Brown, with Jane Beedle and Andrew Smyth as runners up.

text: In the U.S., the seventh series was broadcast as season 4 on PBS.

text: Series 8 (2017)[edit]

text: The eighth series of The Great British Bake Off began airing on 29 August 2017.[35] This is the first series of The Great British Bake Off to be broadcast on Channel 4 following its move from the BBC.[36] The series features new hosts Noel Fielding and Sandi Toksvig, and new judge Prue Leith along with returning judge Paul Hollywood. This series was won by Sophie Faldo, with Kate Lyon and Steven Carter-Bailey finishing as runners-up.

text: Incomplete bakes and other incidents[edit]

text: As of the sixth series, there have been four incomplete bakes.

text:
In Series 2, Robert Billington accidentally dropped his tiered showstopper while applying finishing touches to the cake. Both judges and presenters came to his aid to salvage the bottom tier of his cake. He was able to present the incomplete showstopper as a single-tiered cake.
In Series 3, John Whaite was unable to complete his bake after he suffered a severe cut to his finger on the food processor. He tried to continue working on his strudel wearing a rubber glove, but the bleeding required medical attention and he therefore had to abandon the last bake. As a result, no one was eliminated that week.[37]
In Series 4, contestant Deborah accidentally used Howard's custard instead of her own. As a result, Howard was forced to use Deborah's custard, and this was taken into account by the judges.[38]
In Series 5, during the Baked Alaska challenge, Iain Watters's ice cream melted for reasons that were not entirely clear, although the editing of the show suggested that it had been caused by another contestant's actions. He threw his ice cream into the bin in frustration and left the tent. He returned shortly after, and as he had no cake for judging (he produced his bin instead, and the incident was labelled "bingate"), he was eliminated from the competition. The event that led to his departure provoked extreme anger from the viewers.[39]

text: Reception[edit]

text: Critical reception[edit]

text: The early reviews for the first series were mixed. Lucy Mangan of The Guardian wondered if "competitive baking [is] a contradiction in terms" and found the proceedings humourless.[40] Iain Hollingshead of The Daily Telegraph was scathing, describing the presenters as "annoying", the judge Paul Hollywood as looking "sinister without being interesting", and that the audience would be so bored that they "could certainly forgive the cameraman if he were to commit hara-kiri in a giant pool of egg and flour."[41]

text: However, reviews from the later series were more positive. Andrew Collins of The Guardian called it "the nicest show on television" and judged it the best TV programme of 2012.[42][43] Rachel Ward of The Daily Telegraph thought the programme "had just the right consistency of mouth-watering morsels, good humour, and fascinating history",[44] while Tom Sutcliffe of The Independent considered the contest "perfectly baked".[45]

text: Bake Off was moved to Channel 4 in 2017, and reviews of the programme on the channel were largely positive, although a few felt that it did not compare well to the BBC version.[46][47][48] Mark Lawson of The Guardian described the programme on Channel 4 as "both exactly the same but also just subtly different enough", and that "only someone desperate to dislike the re-plated show could argued that [it] has soured, spoiled or binned its recipe".[49] Michael Hogan of The Telegraph thought that "Mary, Mel and Sue might be gone but the show's recipe remains as winning as ever. The four Cs – chemistry, camaraderie, comedy, cakes – were all present and correct."[50] Anna Leszkiewicz of the New Statesman however considered that while the format had been left largely unchanged and the contestants "irresistibly likeable", "every single change to the show has been for the worse".[47]

text: Cultural impact[edit]

text: The show has become a significant part of British culture and is credited with spurring an interest in home baking, with supermarkets and department stores in the UK reporting sharp rises in sales of baking ingredients and accessories.[51][52] It was also credited with reviving the Women's Institute, whose membership reached its highest level since the 1970s.[53] The show also boosted the sales of bakery books and the number of baking clubs, and independent bakeries also showed an increase. According to one analyst, more than three-fifths of adults have baked at home at least once in 2013 compared with only a third in 2011.[54]

text: TV ratings[edit]

text: The first series of The Great British Bake Off premiered in August 2010 with moderate ratings of just over 2 million viewers for its first episode.[55] This was enough to place it in BBC Two's top ten for that week, and over the series the audience grew to over three million, with the semi-final and final both achieving first place in BBC Two's weekly ratings. During the second series, the ratings gradually increased, and it became a surprise hit with nearly 4 million watching each episode.[56] Week two was the last time that the show was out-rated by another BBC Two programme in the same week (it came second to the drama Page Eight); from then until the show's move to BBC One, every competition episode would be the channel's number one rated programme of the week. By its final episode it had averaged 4.56 million viewers, peaking at 5.1 million in its last 15 minutes.[57]

text: The ratings continued to strengthen in the third series, and the show began to beat its competition in its timeslot.[58] The final of the series where John Whaite was crowned the winner saw its highest rating yet, with an average of 6.5 million viewers that peaked at 7.2 million, which made it the second highest-rated BBC Two-originated show after Top Gear since at least 2006.[59][60] The fourth series achieved some of the highest ratings seen on BBC Two. The viewer count for its premiere episode was more than two million higher than that of the previous series,[61] while the final episode was seen by 9.1 million viewers at its peak, more than twice the number of viewers on BBC One and ITV.[62] The final episode is the most-watched show on BBC Two since the present ratings system was introduced in 2002, beating the previous record set by Top Gear.[63] As a result of its high ratings, the show was moved to BBC One.[64]

text: After its move to BBC One, the opening episode was watched by over 7 million viewers according to overnight figures, beating the figure of 5.6 million for the opening episode of the previous year.[65] the Bingate controversy surrounding episode four helped the show gain its biggest ever audience of 10.3 million viewers, with 2 million people who watched it on BBC iPlayer.[66] The final of the show gained an overnight viewing figure of 12.29 million, then the highest viewing figure of the year for a non-sporting event on UK TV.[67] In the following year, the top ten ratings for 2015 was also dominated by The Great British Bake Off, with seven of the year's ten most-watched television programmes being episodes of the show, topped by the final episode with 15.05 million viewers.[68] In the last series on the BBC in 2016, nine of the top ten most-watched programmes of the year were episodes of the show, with 16.03 million viewers watching the finale.[69]

text: The first series broadcast by Channel 4 opened with average viewing figures of 5.8 million, rising to 6.5 million to include those watching on Channel 4+1, and 9.46 million for the 7-day rating.[70] Although the overnight figure was the lowest for an opening episode since 2013, it was Channel 4's biggest audience since the Opening Ceremony of the 2012 Paralympics.[71] This series attracted an average audience of 9 million viewers on Channel 4.[72]

text: Controversies[edit]

text: Product placement sanction[edit]

text: In September 2012, production company Love Productions was sanctioned by the BBC for product placement of Smeg fridges. The issue came to light after a viewer wrote to the Radio Times complaining of "blatant product promotion". After an investigation, the BBC said Love Production's loan agreement with Smeg did not meet editorial guidelines and was being revised for the third series, and that appropriate retrospective hire payments would be made.[73] The BBC asked Smeg to remove a notice from its website promoting its association with the show, which it has since done.[74]

text: Favouritism[edit]

text: During the fourth series, there were accusations of favouritism towards female contestants after the last man Glenn Cosby was eliminated from the show;[75] however, similar claims were not made the previous year over the all-male final, or even the year before, when there was also an all-female quarter-final. The fourth series also suffered allegations of Paul Hollywood's favouritism towards Ruby Tandoh,[76][77] and personal attacks on Tandoh by various people including the chef Raymond Blanc.[78][79][80] Both Paul Hollywood and Ruby Tandoh denied the accusation.[81][82]

text: Baked Alaska controversy ("Bingate")[edit]

text: In the fourth episode of the fifth series, there was controversy around the elimination of contestant Iain Watters. During the final showstopper round contestants were tasked with producing a Baked Alaska. Iain's ice cream was shown as having not set and in a show of frustration he threw his bake in the bin. The editing of the show suggested that another contestant, Diana Beard, had caused the failure by removing the ice cream from a freezer, and the perceived "sabotage" resulted in a uproar on social media networks.[83] However, unseen footage broadcast in the accompanying programme An Extra Slice shows Luis holding the large floor freezer that contained Iain's ice cream open as he piped the sides of his own baked Alaska, while Mel warns him to pipe quickly and close the freezer. Later in the episode, when Iain removes his ice cream to begin the next step of his dish, it is still quite soft, indicating it went into the freezer he shared with Diana without being completely frozen. Various members of the cast posted comments in support of Diana[84] and a BBC spokesman later issued a statement that "Diana removing Iain's ice cream from the freezer for less than a minute was in no way responsible for Iain's departure."[85]

text: More than 800 complaints were lodged with the BBC over the incident and some also complained to the communication watchdog Ofcom.[86]

text: Use of innuendo[edit]

text: A number of viewers complained to the BBC feedback show Points of View in the fifth series about the "constant smutty remarks" from the presenters Mel and Sue.[87][88] This series was seen as having more innuendos than previous ones; some reviewers noted the "extra pinch of saucy spice" and "the increasingly filthy-minded hosts Mel Giedroyc and Sue Perkins",[89][90][91] while the Daily Mail argued that the "smutty" innuendos made the show no longer fit for family entertainment.[92] The series 3 winner John Whaite however argued that innuendo is part of what made the show a success,[93] whilst judge Paul Hollywood described the innuendos as banter in the spirit of the Carry On films and is a part of British culture,[94] a view shared by others.[95][96]

text: Clones, legal challenges and move to Channel 4[edit]

text: The success of The Great British Bake Off led to the BBC commissioning many other series closely following the format from Love Productions for example The Great British Sewing Bee and The Great Pottery Throw Down. However the 2014 series Hair using the same format was produced in house by the BBC, Love Productions responded by making preparations to sue the BBC for infringing their copyright.[97][98] Although the matter was kept quiet, with the BBC settling out of court and compensating Love Productions,[97][98] the matter soured relations between the BBC and Love Productions.[98] In September 2016, it was announced that the BBC had lost the broadcast rights of the show to Channel 4.[99] Channel 4 offered £25 million for the show outbidding the £15 million offered by the BBC.[99] In January 2017 the BBC waived its rights to keep the program off the air until 2018, and wished the programme "well for the future".[100]

text: Accidental revealing of Series 8 winner[edit]

text: On 31 October 2017, judge Prue Leith accidentally revealed the winner of Series 8 on Twitter twelve hours before the finale was due to air. This caused uproar among many fans of the show. She quickly deleted the tweet and apologised to the fans who saw the tweet.[101]

text: Awards and nominations[edit]

text: The Great British Bake Off was nominated for a Rose d'Or in the Lifestyle section of the 2012 competition and won.[102][103] The programme has been nominated a number of times in various categories for the BAFTA awards and won in 2012, 2013, and 2016.[104][105] It also won two 2015 National Television Award for Skills Challenge Show.[106]

text:
Year
Award
Category
Recipient
Results
Ref.

2012
Rose d'Or
Lifestyle
The Great British Bake Off
Won
[107]

BAFTA TV Awards
Features
Anna Beattie, Andy Devonshire, Simon Evans, Richard McKerrow
Won
[108]

YouTube Audience Award
The Great British Bake Off
Nominated
[104]

2013
Features
Anna Beattie, Kieran Smith, Amanda Westwood, Scott Tankard
Won
[109]

Radio Times Audience Award
The Great British Bake Off
Nominated
[109]

National Television Award
Factual Entertainment
Nominated
[110]

2014
BAFTA TV Awards
Features
Anna Beattie, Amanda Westwood, Samantha Beddoes, Simon Evans
Nominated
[111]

National Television Award
Factual Entertainment
The Great British Bake Off
Nominated
[112]

2015
BAFTA TV Awards
Features
Anna Beattie, Samantha Beddoes, Andy Devonshire, Simon Evans
Nominated
[113]

Radio Times Audience Award
The Great British Bake Off
Nominated
[114]

National Television Award
Skills Challenge Show
Won
[115]

2016
National Television Award
Challenge Show
Won
[115]

BAFTA
Features
The Great British Bake Off production team
Won
[116]

Radio Times audience award
The Great British Bake Off
Nominated
[116]

2017
National Television Award
Challenge Show
The Great British Bake Off
Nominated
[117]

TV judge
Mary Berry
Won
[118]

BAFTA
Features
The Great British Bake Off production team
Nominated
[119]

text: International broadcast and versions[edit]

text: The UK version of The Great British Bake Off is broadcast in many countries and it has been sold to 196 territories as of 2015.[120] The format has also been sold to 20 territories by 2015, making it the third most successful BBC format after Dancing with the Stars (Strictly Come Dancing) and The Weakest Link.[121] Many of these shows have been successful.[122][123] The Junior Bake Off format has also been sold to Thailand.[124]

text: Beginning in 2014, the US broadcaster PBS has aired several series of the show under the name The Great British Baking Show.[125] The change of name was necessary due to the fact that "Bake-Off" is a registered trademark of Pillsbury in the United States. The fifth series was broadcast as Season 1 in Winter 2014–2015;[126] the fourth series was then broadcast as Season 2 in Fall 2015,[127] the sixth series was broadcast as Season 3 in Summer 2016, and the seventh series was broadcast as Season 4 in Summer 2017.

text: The CBC began broadcasting The Great British Bake Off in Canada in August 2016, starting with the sixth series and also with the Great British Baking Show title. The seventh series aired the year after.[128]

text: International versions[edit]

text: Current and upcoming versions include:[129]

text: Legend:      Airing or in production        No longer airing

text:
Country
Local title
Host(s)
Judges
Channel
Premiere

 Argentina
Bake Off Argentina, El Gran Pastelero
(Bake Off Argentina, The Great Baker)
Paula Chaves[130]
Christophe Krywonis
Damián Petular
Pamela Villar
Telefe[131]
8 April 2018

 Australia
The Great Australian Bake Off
Shane Jacobson
Anna Gare[132]
Dan Lepard
Kerry Vincent
Nine Network[133]
9 July 2013

Claire Hooper
Mel Buttle
Maggie Beer
Matt Moran[134]
LifeStyle Food
13 October 2015

 Belgium
De MeesterBakker
(The Master Baker)
Rani De Coninck
Sofie Dumont
Bernard Proot
vtm
4 April 2012

 Brazil
Bake Off Brasil
Carolina Fiorentino (2017–)
Ticiana Villas Boas (2015–16)
Fabrizio Fasano Jr.
Beca Milano (2017–)
Carolina Fiorentino (2015–16)
SBT
Discovery Home & Health
26 July 2015

Bake Off SBT
Carolina Florentino
Danilo Gentili
Ratinho
Fabrizio Fasano Jr.
Beca Milano
23 December 2017

Júnior Bake Off Brasil
Carolina Florentino
6 January 2018

 Bulgaria
Bake Off: Най-сладкото състезание
(Bake Off: The Sweetest Competition)
Aleksandra Raeva
Raffi Bohosyan
Julia Pandzherova
Yuri Baltaliyski
Nova TV
15 November 2016

 Canada
The Great Canadian Baking Show
Dan Levy
Julia Chan
Bruno Feldeisen
Rochelle Adonis
CBC
1 November 2017

 Denmark
Den store bagedyst
(The Great Baking Contest)
Timm Vladimir
Mette Blomsterberg
Jan Friis-Mikkelsen
DR1
28 August 2012[135]

 Estonia
Eesti parim pagar[136]
Kristjan Rabi (2015)
Indrek Vaheoja (2015)
Alari Kivisaar
Angeelika Kang
Ants Uustalu
TV3
31 August 2015

 Finland
Koko Suomi leipoo[137]
(The whole of Finland bakes)
Anne Kukkohovi
Mika Parviainen
Sami Granroth
MTV3[138]
24 September 2013

 France
Le Meilleur Pâtissier[139][140]
(The Best Baker)
Faustine Bollaert (2012–17)
Julia Vignali (2017–)
Cyril Lignac
Jacqueline Mercorelli
M6[141]
RTL-TVI (Belgium)
26 November 2012

 Germany
Das große Backen
(The great Bake)
Britt Hagedorn (2013)
Meltem Kaptan (2013)
Enie van de Meiklokjes (2014–16)
Annika Lau (2017)
Christian Hümbs
Enie van de Meiklokjes (2013)
Andrea Schirmaier-Huber (2013–14)
Betty Schliephake-Burchardt (2015–17)
Sat.1
1 December 2013

 Greece
Bake Off Greece
TBA
TBA
TBA
TBA
Alpha TV
2018

 Hungary
Ide süss!
(Az ország nagy cukrászversenye)
Hajós András
Sass Dániel
Baracskay Angéla
Szabadfi Szabolcs
Viasat 3
26 March 2018

 Ireland
The Great Irish Bake Off
Anna Nolan[142]
Biddy White Lennon
Paul Kelly[143]
TV3
19 September 2013

 Italy
Bake Off Italia – Dolci in forno[144]
(Bake Off Italy – Sweets in the oven)
Benedetta Parodi
Ernst Knam
Clelia d'Onofrio
Damiano Carrara
Real Time[145]
November 2013

 Israel
בייק אוף ישראל[146]
(Bake Off Israel)
Paula Rosenberg
Aya Kremerman
Ran Shmueli
Oded Brenner
Carine Goren
Channel 2
9 April 2016

 Netherlands
Heel Holland Bakt
(All of Holland bakes)
Martine Bijl[147]
(2013–15)
André van Duin
(2016–present)
Robèrt van Beckhoven
Janny van der Heijden
MAX (NPO 1)
5 June 2013[148]

 New Zealand
The Great Kiwi Bake Off
TBA
TBA
TVNZ 1
2018 [149]

 Norway
Hele Norge baker
(All of Norway Bakes)
Line Verndal
Pascal Dupuy
Øyvind Lofthus[150]
TV3[151]
10 March 2013[152]

 Poland
Bake Off – Ale Ciacho!
(Bake Off – What A Cake!)
Anna Gacek
Paulina Mikuła[153]
Krzysztof Ilnicki
Gosia Molska[154]
TVP2
5 September 2016[155]

 Portugal
Best Bakery – A Melhor Pastelaria de Portugal
(Best Bakery – The Best Pastry in Portugal)
Ana Guiomar
Luca Arguelles
Telmo Moutinho
SIC
3 October 2016

 Romania
Bake Off Romania[156]
Nicolle Stanese[157]
Alex Stan
Simona Pope
Tudor Constantinescu
Pro TV
29 February 2016[158]

 South Africa
The Great South African Bake Off[159]
Anne Hirsch
Lentswe Bhengu
Shirley Guy
Tjaart Walraven
BBC Lifestyle
8 October 2015

 Sweden
Hela Sverige bakar[160]
(All of Sweden Bakes)
Tilde de Paula
Johan Sörberg
Birgitta Rasmussen
TV4 (Sjuan)
20 September 2012

Hela kändis-Sverige bakar[161]
(Celebrity All of Sweden Bakes)
11 November 2014

 Turkey
Ver Fırına
Burcu Esmersoy
Arda Türkmen
Emel Başdoğan
TV8[162]
20 October 2014[163]

 Ukraine
Великий пекарський турнір
(Great Bakers Tournament)
Yuri Gorbunov[164]
Serge Markovic
Catherine Ahronik
Olga Ganushchak
1+1[165]
1 September 2013[166]

 United States
The American Baking Competition[167][168]
Jeff Foxworthy
Marcela Valladolid
Paul Hollywood
CBS[169]
29 May 2013[170]

 United States
The Great American Baking Show
Ayesha Curry
Anthony Adams
Johnny Iuzzini
Paul Hollywood[171]
ABC
30 November 2015 (as The Great Holiday Baking Show)[172][173][174][175]

text: The Great Sport Relief Bake Off[edit]

text:
The Great Sport Relief Bake Off

Genre

Cooking
Baking

Presented by

Mel Giedroyc
Jennifer Saunders (2016)
Ed Byrne (2014, 2016)
Sarah Millican (2016)
Sue Perkins (2014)
Jo Brand (2014)
Omid Djalili (2014)

Judges

Mary Berry
Paul Hollywood

Country of origin
United Kingdom

Original language(s)
English

No. of series
3

No. of episodes
12

Production

Running time
60 minutes

Production company(s)
Love Productions

Release

Original network
BBC Two (2012–2013)
BBC One (2014–2016)

Picture format
16:9

Original release
10 January 2012 (2012-01-10) – 23 February 2016 (2016-02-23)

text: Episode viewing figures from BARB.[176]

text: Series 1 (2012)[edit]

text:
Episode No.
Signature Challenge
Technical Challenge
Showstopper Challenge
Contestants
Airdate
Viewers
(millions)

1
Traybake
Wholemeal Cheese Scones
Meringue Dessert
Angela Griffin
10 January 2012 (2012-01-10)
3.52

James Wong

Joe Swift

Sarah Hadland

2
Savoury Flan
Banana & Chocolate Chip Loaves
Layered Cake
Arlene Phillips
11 January 2012 (2012-01-11)
2.79

Fi Glover

Gus Casely-Hayford

Saira Khan

3
Classic Crumble
Coffee & Walnut Cake
24 Miniature Tarts
Alex Deakin
12 January 2012 (2012-01-12)
2.56

Alex Langlands

Anita Rani

Pearl Lowe

4
Trio of Baked Biscuits
6 Sausage Rolls
Covered Tiered Occasion Cake
Angela Griffin
13 January 2012 (2012-01-13)
3.43

Anita Rani

Fi Glover

text: Series 2 (2014)[edit]

text:
Episode No.
Guest host
Signature Challenge
Technical Challenge
Showstopper Challenge
Contestants
Airdate
Viewers
(millions)

1
Sue Perkins
12 Sandwich Biscuits
Tarte Tatin
3D Novelty Cake
Bonnie Wright
13 January 2014 (2014-01-13)
4.37

Johnny Vaughan

Michael Vaughan

Samantha Bond

2
Jo Brand
12 Gingerbread Biscuits
Banoffee Pie
Chocolate Cake
Greg Rutherford
14 January 2014 (2014-01-14)
5.07

Jane Horrocks

Jason Gardiner

Kirsty Young

3
Omid Djalili
Traybake
Iced Ring Dougnuts
Layered Cakes
Emma Freud
15 January 2014 (2014-01-15)
5.02

Jamelia[177]

Michael Ball

Victoria Pendleton

4
Ed Byrne
Pizzas
Eccles Cakes
Tiered Cakes
Alistair McGowan
16 January 2014 (2014-01-16)
4.94

Doon Mackichan

Helen Skelton

Rochelle Humes

text: Series 3 (2016)[edit]

text:
Episode No.
Guest host
Signature Challenge
Technical Challenge
Showstopper Challenge
Contestants
Airdate
Viewers
(millions)

1
Mel Giedroyc
Canapés
Paris–Brest
Trophy Cake
David James
27 January 2016 (2016-01-27)
6.03

Jason Manford

Maddy Hill

Samantha Cameron

2
Jennifer Saunders
American Muffins
Football Pie
Tiered Cake
Chris Kamara
3 February 2016 (2016-02-03)
7.44

Ed Balls

Kimberley Walsh

Victoria Coren Mitchell

3
Ed Byrne
Savoury tarts
Chocolate and Beetroot Tray Bake
3D Biscuits
Geri Horner
17 February 2016 (2016-02-17)
7.12

Jermaine Jenas

John Simpson

Louise Redknapp

4
Sarah Millican
Open-top Pie
Salmon Roulade
Cupcakes
Ade Edmondson
24 February 2016 (2016-02-24)
6.74

Alison Steadman

Morgana Robinson

Will Young

text: The Great Comic Relief Bake Off[edit]

text:
The Great Comic Relief Bake Off

Genre

Cooking
Baking

Presented by

Mel Giedroyc (2013, 2015)
Sue Perkins (2015)
Jo Brand (2015)
Ed Byrne (2015)

Judges

Mary Berry
Paul Hollywood

Country of origin
United Kingdom

Original language(s)
English

No. of series
2

No. of episodes
8

Production

Running time
60 minutes

Production company(s)
Love Productions

Release

Original network
BBC Two (2013)
BBC One (2015)

Picture format
16:9

Original release
21 January 2013 (2013-01-21) – 4 March 2015 (2015-03-04)

text: Series 1 (2013)[edit]

text:
Episode No.
Signature Challenge
Technical Challenge
Showstopper Challenge
Contestants
Airdate
Viewers
(millions)

1
Shortbread
Custard Slices
Portrait Cake
Jo Brand
21 January 2013 (2013-01-21)
4.17

Stephen K. Amos

Lorna Watson

Ingrid Oliver

2
Iced Biscuits
Bakewell Tart
Gateaux
Warwick Davis
22 January 2013 (2013-01-22)
4.44

Duncan Bannatyne

Simon Reeve

Andy Akinwolere

3
Scones
Chocolate Eclairs
Novelty Cake
Ellie Simmonds
23 January 2013 (2013-01-23)
4.34

Kirsty Wark

Julia Bradbury

Bob Mortimer

4
Chocolate Biscuits
Lemon Meringue Pie
Comic Relief Birthday Cake
Claudia Winkleman
24 January 2013 (2013-01-24)
4.39

Ed Byrne

Martha Kearney

Helen Glover

text: Series 2 (2015)[edit]

text:
Episode No.
Guest host
Signature Challenge
Technical Challenge
Showstopper Challenge
Contestants
Airdate
Viewers
(millions)

1
Sue Perkins
Giant Cookie or Biscuit
12 Mini Fruit Tarts
Tiered Chocolate Cake
Dame Edna Everage
11 February 2015 (2015-02-11)
7.75

Joanna Lumley

Jennifer Saunders

Lulu

2
Mel Giedroyc
24 cupcakes
20 profiteroles
Marble "Building" Cake
Jonathan Ross
18 February 2015 (2015-02-18)
8.39

Zoe Sugg

Gok Wan

Abbey Clancy

3
Jo Brand
24 Shortbread
6 Mini Pork Pies
Triple-tiered Pavlova
Sarah Brown
25 February 2015 (2015-02-25)
7.92

David Mitchell

Michael Sheen

Jameela Jamil

4
Ed Byrne
Tray Bake
12 Crumpets
Vegetable Self Portrait Cake
Alexa Chung
4 March 2015 (2015-03-04)
8.21

Victoria Wood

Chris Moyles

Kayvan Novak

text: The Great Stand Up to Cancer Bake Off[edit]

text:
The Great Stand Up to Cancer Bake Off

Genre

Cooking
Baking

Presented by

Sandi Toksvig
Noel Fielding

Judges

Prue Leith
Paul Hollywood

Country of origin
United Kingdom

Original language(s)
English

No. of series
1

No. of episodes
5

Production company(s)
Love Productions

Release

Original network
Channel 4

Picture format
16:9

Original release
6 March 2018 – present

text: Series 1 (2018)[edit]

text:
Episode No.
Signature Challenge
Technical Challenge
Showstopper Challenge
Contestants
Airdate
Viewers
(millions)

1
12 cupcakes
6 crepes suzette
3D biscuit scene
Roisin Conaty
6 March 2018 (2018-03-06)
5.91

Martin Kemp

Harry Hill

Bill Turnbull

2
24 scones
Devil's food cake
Self-portrait croquembouches
Nick Hewer
13 March 2018 (2018-03-13)
5.65

Perri Kiely

Stacey Solomon

Ricky Wilson

3
Loaf cake
8 Tiramisu sandwich biscuits
Meringue towers
Ella Eyre
20 March 2018 (2018-03-20)
5.95

Ruth Davidson

Jamie Laing

Tim Minchin

4
12 blondies
6 fruit turnovers
Secret passion cake
Griff Rhys Jones
27 March 2018 (2018-03-27)
5.48

Joe Lycett

Lee Mack

Melanie Sykes

5
12 muffins
Custard pie
Rainbow dream cake
Aisling Bea
3 April 2018 (2018-04-03)

Alan Carr

Kadeena Cox

Teri Hatcher


document_title: Baltimore Colts relocation to Indianapolis

question_text: who owned the colts when they left baltimore

root

text: Actions leading up to the move[edit]

text: Although the Colts had been successful since arriving in Baltimore for the 1953 NFL season, Memorial Stadium was claimed to be inadequate for both them and Major League Baseball's Baltimore Orioles. In May 1969, the city of Baltimore announced it would seek a substantial increase in Memorial Stadium rental fees from Colts owner Carroll Rosenbloom and the team itself. Rosenbloom had already called Memorial Stadium "antiquated" and had threatened to move all Colts home games out of the stadium unless improvements were made.[2] Rosenbloom even considered using $12–20 million of his own money to help fund the building of a new football only stadium on land in adjoining Baltimore County.[3] By November 1971, Rosenbloom announced that the Colts would not return to Memorial Stadium when their lease ran out following the 1972 season and that he was not interested in negotiating with the city anymore.[4] He wanted out of Baltimore for a few reasons—team revenue, problems with Baltimore Orioles ownership relating to Memorial Stadium revenues, a running feud with the Baltimore press, and his new wife's desire to move to the West Coast.[4][5] Real estate investor Will Keland was originally slated to buy the Colts from Rosenbloom. Keland could not generate enough funds necessary to purchase the team, but his golfing buddy Robert Irsay, who originally was only slated to own 1 percent of the team, did possess the necessary funds and moved in to make the purchase. On July 13, 1972, Irsay became owner of the Colts. Under the terms of the arrangement, he bought the Los Angeles Rams for $19 million, then traded them to Rosenbloom for the Colts and $3 million in cash.

tag: p

text: In 1971, Baltimore mayor William Donald Schaefer and the state's governor, Marvin Mandel, created a stadium committee to examine the city's stadium needs. Their report was a blow to Memorial Stadium. Some of the problems mentioned: 10,000 of the stadium's seats had poor views of the field; 20,000 seats were out-dated bench seats that had no back support; 7,000 so called seats were actually poorly constructed temporary bleachers that were installed for football games only. Also, there was not enough office space for the front offices of either the Orioles or Colts, much less both teams combined. Both teams had to share locker rooms, the upper deck of Memorial Stadium did not circle the field, ending instead at the 50-yard line. Any expansion plans for the stadium had usually mentioned less attractive (and less expensive) end-zone seats, not upper deck seating. Lastly, the number of bathroom facilities in Memorial Stadium was deemed inadequate.[4]

text: Baltodome project[edit]

text: Maryland's planners came up with an ambitious project. Nicknamed the Baltodome,[6] the original plan was to create a facility near the city's Inner Harbor known as Camden Yards. The new stadium would host 70,000 fans for football games, 55,000 for baseball, and 20,000 as an arena for hockey or basketball. For an estimated $78 million, the city would build a facility that would have kept all parties happy; Orioles owner Hoffberger, Colts owner Irsay, the Stadium Complex Authority (whose Chairman Edmond Rovner reiterated in 1972 that "A major consideration in Mr. Irsay's trading of franchises was the city's firm commitment to proceed with these plans."[6]), Baltimore Mayor Schaefer, and the state's governor, Marvin Mandel.[4]

text: But the proposal did not receive support to pass the Maryland legislature, in spite of assurances that contributions from taxpayers would be limited strictly to city and state loans. On February 27, 1974, Maryland's Governor Mandel pulled the plug on the idea.[6] Orioles owner Jerold Hoffberger was blunt: "I will bow to the will of the people. They have told us what they want to tell us. First, they don't want a new park and second, they don't want a club."[4][6] Robert Irsay was willing to wait. "It's not a matter of saying that there will be no stadium. It's a matter of getting the facts together so everybody is happy when they build the stadium. I'm a patient man. I think the people of Baltimore are going to see those new stadiums in New Orleans and Seattle opening in a year or two around the country, and they are going to realize they need a stadium ... for conventions and other things besides football."[4][6]

text: But Hyman Pressman, Baltimore's comptroller, was against using any public funds to build a new stadium. During the 1974 elections, Pressman had an amendment to the city's charter placed on the fall ballot. Known as Question P,[4] the amendment called for declaring "the 33rd Street stadium as a memorial to war veterans and prohibiting use of city funds for construction of any other stadium." The measure passed 56 percent to 44 percent, and the same political motivations that had been used to upgrade the then Baltimore Stadium, originally built in 1922, in the late 1940s and rename it Memorial Stadium, effectively destroyed any chance of a new, modern sports complex being built in Baltimore.[4][6]

text: Although the Colts made the playoffs for three straight years from 1975 to 1977, there had still been no progress made on a new park for the team. Robert Irsay first spoke with Phoenix, Arizona in 1976 and then Indianapolis, Indiana in 1977 about the possibility of relocating his team to one of those cities. In 1976, he acknowledged publicly that he had received an attractive offer to move the franchise to Phoenix, Arizona.[6] Then, in 1977, he said, "I like Baltimore and want to stay there, but when are we going to find out something about our stadium? I'm getting offers from towns like Indianapolis to build me a new stadium and give me other inducements to move there. I don't want to but I'd like to see some action in Baltimore."[6] In 1979, Hoffberger sold the Orioles to Washington D.C. attorney Edward Bennett Williams, who declared 1980 to be a trial year for the fans of Baltimore. He then went on to explain his concerns with Memorial Stadium, saying it had "inadequate parking and inadequate access and egress. Frankly, I don't know if those problems will ever be solvable at that location."[6] Irsay began shopping the Colts around in earnest, talking first to officials from the Los Angeles Memorial Coliseum Commission, Memphis, Tennessee, and Jacksonville, Florida[5] where he visited the Gator Bowl packed with 50,000 cheering fans trying to convince him that Jacksonville would be the best home for the Colts. That same year Irsay presented Maryland's Governor Harry Hughes with a request for $25 million in renovation to the 64,124 seat Memorial Stadium.[7] Irsay's request for $25 million in improvements was decreased to $23 million by the Maryland legislature. The plan added more seats (but none of the revenue-generating skyboxes), improving the plumbing and would have given both teams better office space. The plan's approval was contingent on both the Colts and Baltimore Orioles signing long term leases. The Orioles challenged the requested football improvements and refused to sign anything more than a one-year lease. Irsay also refused to sign long term. As a result, the funds and improvements never came.[4][8]

text: Relocation to Indianapolis[edit]

text:
"I have not any intentions of moving the goddamn team. If I did, I will tell you about it, but I'm staying here."

—Robert Irsay, January 20, 1984[9]

tag: div

text: Under the administration of Mayor (and future U.S. Senator) Richard Lugar and then continuing with successor William Hudnut, the City of Indianapolis was making a serious effort to reinvent itself into a "Great American City." In 1979, Indianapolis community leaders created the Indiana Sports Corp. in order to attract major sports events to central Indiana. The next year, Indianapolis Mayor William Hudnut appointed a committee to study the feasibility of building a new stadium that could serve primarily as a boon to the city's convention business and, secondarily, as a lure for an NFL team.[10]

text: Construction of the Hoosier Dome begins[edit]

text: In 1982, construction of the Hoosier Dome (later renamed the RCA Dome) began. Deputy Mayor David Frick, who would later lead the negotiations with the Colts and then go on to become chairman of the Indiana state commission that would oversee construction of the RCA Dome's replacement, Lucas Oil Stadium, would say that the RCA Dome was a key to changing the city's image. "Sports was an element in our game plan to change the image of the city back in the late 1970s, early 1980s."[10]

text: In February 1983, after relations between Irsay and the city of Baltimore had deteriorated significantly, Baltimore Mayor Schaefer asked the Maryland General Assembly to approve $15 million for renovation to Memorial Stadium. The legislature did not approve the request until the following spring, after the Colts' lease had expired, and only half of that $15 million would go toward improvements that the Colts were seeking (The other half for the Orioles').[citation needed] However, Baltimore reportedly did offer Irsay a $15 million loan at 6.5%, a guarantee of at least 43,000 tickets sold per game for six years, and the purchase of the team's Owings Mills training facility for $4 million.[5]

text: Negotiations with Phoenix and Indianapolis[edit]

text: On March 2, 1984 NFL owners voted to give Irsay permission to move his franchise to the city of his choosing.[11] Irsay continued discussions with several cities hungry for an NFL franchise (New York City, Phoenix, Arizona, Indianapolis, Indiana, Birmingham, Alabama, Jacksonville, Florida, and Memphis, Tennessee[12]) eventually narrowing the list of cities to two, Phoenix and Indianapolis.[13] In January 1984, Baltimore's mayor Schaefer stated, "We're not going to build a new stadium. We do not have the bonding capacity. We don't have the voters or taxpayer who can support a $60 million stadium. One-third of the people in Baltimore pay taxes. Unless private enterprise builds it, we won't build it."[6] The Phoenix Metropolitan Sports Foundation, headed by real estate developer Eddie Lynch, along with Arizona Governor Bruce Babbitt and other top Arizona officials, had secretly met with Irsay early in January 1984.[11] Preliminary talks seemed promising. Phoenix was offering a below market rate $15 million loan and rent-free use of the 71,000 seat Sun Devil Stadium on the campus of Arizona State University. (Sun Devil Stadium would later serve as the home to the Arizona Cardinals from 1988 to 2005 after the team moved there from St. Louis, Missouri; that team has since moved into University of Phoenix Stadium within that market.) A second meeting was scheduled between Irsay and the Phoenix group. But when word of a second scheduled meeting leaked out and was reported by the media on the Friday before the Super Bowl, Irsay canceled.[13] Meanwhile, Indianapolis and local real estate developer Robert Welch, were lobbying the NFL to bring an expansion team to the city, with Welch as team owner. Welch also had personal discussions with New Orleans Saints owner John Mecom about buying the team and moving it to Indianapolis.

text: In January 1984, NFL Commissioner Pete Rozelle announced that expansion had been put on hold. As a result of that announcement, Indiana Pacers' owner Herb Simon contacted Colts officials in order to take negotiations between the club and Indianapolis to the next level. Mayor Hudnut then assigned deputy mayor David Frick to begin secret negotiations with Colts counsel Michael Chernoff. On February 13, Colts representatives came to town to look at the Hoosier Dome construction.[14] Colts owner Robert Irsay visited on February 23. "He [Irsay] was visibly moved," former deputy mayor Dave Frick said commenting on Irsay's reaction to entering the brand new domed stadium. "Emotionally, he was making the move."[15]

text: Meanwhile, in Baltimore, the Maryland State Legislature became involved in the dispute. On March 27, 1984, the Maryland Senate passed legislation giving the city of Baltimore the right to seize ownership of the Colts by eminent domain,[5] an idea first floated in a memo written by Baltimore mayoral aide Mark Wasserman. Robert Irsay said that his move was "a direct result" of the eminent domain bill.[8] Chernoff would say of the move by the Maryland legislature: "They not only threw down the gauntlet, but they put a gun to his head and cocked it and asked, 'Want to see if it's loaded?' They forced him to make a decision that day."[5][14]

text: March 29, 1984[edit]

text: On March 28, 1984, due to the Maryland Senate's actions, the Phoenix group withdrew its offer.[16] That afternoon, Irsay paid a call to Mayor Hudnut and the city of Indianapolis offered the Colts owner a $12.5 million loan, a $4 million training complex, and the use of the brand new $77.5 million, 57,980 seat Hoosier Dome. Irsay agreed, which set a chain of events into motion that would bring about the move.[17]

text: After he got off the phone with Irsay, Hudnut called his neighbor and friend, John B. Smith, after the deal was finalized. Smith was the chief executive officer of Mayflower Transit, an Indiana-based moving company, and Hudnut asked him to assist the team in their move. Smith sent fifteen Mayflower trucks to Owings Mills and they arrived at the Colts' facility at around 10 p.m. The reasoning for the late hour of the move was out of fear that the Maryland House of Delegates would also approve the eminent domain bill the State Senate had, which would have resulted in the team being seized the next morning once Maryland Governor Harry Hughes signed the bill into law.[18][14] Workers loaded all of the team's belongings and the trucks left for Indianapolis.[19] Within eight hours of the Mayflower trucks' arrival in Owings Mills, the Colts were completely gone from Baltimore.[20] Later that day, the House of Delegates indeed passed the bill by a count of 103–19 and Governor Hughes signed it, but by that time it was too late.[21]

text: All fifteen moving trucks took a different route to Indianapolis from Baltimore, done as a diversion tactic so the Maryland State Police could not delay them until the eminent domain law was signed (which they would have been able to act upon once it took effect to force the Colts back to Baltimore). Once a truck got to Indiana, the Indiana State Police would meet it and escort it to Indianapolis—a process repeated until all fifteen vans had reached the destination. Indianapolis Mayor Hudnut held a press conference March 29 to announce the agreement.[22] The deal was sealed March 30 with approval by the Capital Improvement Board, which operated the Hoosier Dome. Two days later, 20,000 new Colts fans cheered as Mayor Hudnut proclaimed March 29, 1984, "one of the greatest days in the history of this city."[10] Baltimore's Mayor Schaefer appeared on the front page of the Baltimore Sun in tears. After the Colts left, and in spite of his earlier stance that the city of Baltimore would not build a new stadium,[6] he placed the building of a new stadium at the top of his legislative agenda.[8] Plans for a new stadium never got off the ground for the rest of his mayoral tenure.

text: Later John Moag, Jr., chairman of the Maryland Stadium Authority, stated in sworn testimony before the U.S. Senate subcommittee responsible for the Fan Freedom and Community Protection Act: "It was the failure of our local (Baltimore) and state elected officials in Maryland to provide the Colts with a firm proposal for a new stadium that led Mr. Irsay to accept an offer from Indianapolis to play in a new dome in that city."[23]

text: Aftermath[edit]

text: This section needs additional citations for verification. Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. (March 2018) (Learn how and when to remove this template message)

tag: table

text: Not only were Baltimore Colts' fans heartbroken about losing their team, but they also lost the team name. (The Colts were named in honor of the city's Preakness Stakes and Maryland horse farmers.) In elections that year, city voters repealed Question P by a measure of 62 percent to 38 percent. However, the amendment's author (Hyman Pressman) remained as an elected City Comptroller for 28 years (seven terms in a row) until retiring in 1991.[24] The team's move triggered a flurry of legal activity, which ultimately reached the U.S. Supreme Court and bills were filed in both the U.S. House and Senate seeking to block the move. In December 1985, a U.S. District Court judge threw out the lawsuit which sought to return the team to Maryland, though the city of Baltimore was allowed to keep the Vince Lombardi Trophy that the Colts won in Super Bowl V.

text: The United States Football League reacted promptly to the move. The league's 1984 champions, the Philadelphia Stars, relocated to Baltimore for the 1985 season to capitalize on the departure of the Colts. Unfortunately for the Stars, the Colts, despite abandoning Memorial Stadium, were still able to block the Stars from using it,[citation needed] forcing the team to move to the University of Maryland's Byrd Stadium, much closer to Washington, D.C and over 30 miles south of Baltimore. The rechristened "Baltimore Stars" won the 1985 championship as well. Had the USFL played its proposed fall season in 1986, Baltimore, by virtue of not being up against an NFL team in its market, would have been a part of it, but the league suspended operations and ultimately folded before the season could take place.

text: Representatives of Baltimore and the Colts organization reached a settlement in March 1986 in which all lawsuits regarding the relocation were dismissed, and the Colts would endorse a new NFL team for Baltimore.[14]

text: The Colts' move prompted city and state officials to redouble efforts to retain Baltimore's remaining major-league team, the Orioles. Oriole Park at Camden Yards, a facility designed specifically for baseball, was constructed near the proposed Baltodome site and opened in 1992. Its retro-classic design was well-received and inspired the designs of new MLB stadiums for the next twenty years.[25]

text: One aspect that would remain in Baltimore would be the Baltimore Colts Marching Band. According to an ESPN 30 for 30 documentary called The Band That Wouldn't Die, directed by Baltimore native Barry Levinson, band leaders got advance warning that the team was being moved from Baltimore to Indianapolis overnight and were able to remove their equipment from team headquarters before the moving vans arrived. At the time of the move, the band's uniforms were being dry-cleaned. Band President John Ziemann contacted the owner of the dry cleaners, who was sympathetic, told Ziemann where the uniforms were and offered to let Ziemann take the company van "for a walk".[26] Ziemann and some associates then hid the uniforms in a nearby cemetery until the wife of then-Colts owner Robert Irsay said they could keep them. From 1984 until the NFL returned to Baltimore in 1996, the band stayed together, playing at football halftime shows and marching in parades, eventually becoming well known as "Baltimore's Pro-Football Musical Ambassadors".[27] The band remained an all-volunteer band as it is today and supported itself. At one point, John Ziemann pawned his wife's wedding ring for the money to buy new equipment.[26]

text: Colts Hall of Fame quarterback Johnny Unitas, who had settled with his family in Baltimore after his playing career was over, was angered by the move to Indianapolis and cut all ties with the team.[28] Unitas aligned himself with the Ravens when they moved to Baltimore, and a statue of him was placed outside of M&T Bank Stadium.[29]

text: When the Canadian Football League decided to expand into the United States in the mid-1990s, Baltimore was viewed as a natural selection for an American CFL team, both because the city was much larger closer to Canada than the other expansion teams' markets, but also on account of the city's (then-still) lingering bitterness toward the NFL. The Baltimore Stallions were originally named the Baltimore CFL Colts, but an injunction by the NFL compelled the name change to Stallions. Even after the name change, the team continued to use the logo and colors that had originally been designed for the "CFL Colts." After winning a division championship in its first year and then winning the Grey Cup the next, the team disbanded after the NFL's return to Baltimore became inevitable. The Stallions' ownership and front office staff subsequently established a "new" CFL team in the Canadian city of Montreal, where they were able to re-sign much of the Stallions' roster. The CFL subsequently recognized the "new" Montreal Alouettes to be a resumption of the previous Alouettes franchise that had ceased operations in 1987 and not a continuation of the Baltimore Stallions.

text: Ironically, the NFL would return to Baltimore in a very similar manner to the way in which it left. On November 6, 1995, Cleveland Browns owner Art Modell announced his intention to move the Browns to Baltimore for the 1996 NFL season. Like most other sports teams relocations including that of the Colts, Modell had intended on keeping the Browns name, colors, history, trophies, archives, and other artifacts with him to Baltimore for the rechristened Baltimore Browns. Like the Colts' move, the Browns' relocation led to lawsuits by the City of Cleveland. At the same time, a number of Baltimore football fans balked at Modell's intention to rechristen his team as the "Baltimore Browns." As badly as they wanted to see the NFL return, they were uneasy at the prospect of taking Cleveland's football history in a manner that seemed similar to how they believed Irsay had taken the Colts' legacy with him to Indianapolis.

text: Eventually, Modell agreed to a settlement with the NFL that granted him an "expansion" franchise in Baltimore that in turn would assume the then-current contracts of Cleveland Browns players and personnel. However, he was required to leave the Browns' name, colors, history, records, trophies, awards and archives in Cleveland. However, no owner was ready to start a new football organization on such short notice, and Cleveland Stadium had been ruled out even for temporary use until a new stadium could be built. Without a viable owner or facility available in Cleveland, the league agreed to allow the Browns to officially suspend operations until the 1999 NFL season. That season, the Browns resumed operations complete with an established name, colors, history, records, trophies, awards, and archives. For all intents and purposes, however, they were an expansion team with a roster stocked primarily via an expansion draft similar to every other North American professional sports team established in the modern era. The last NFL team to completely suspend operations temporarily, coincidentally, was also a Cleveland team at the time: the Rams, who suspended operations for one year in 1943 because of World War II, moved to Los Angeles in 1946.

text: Modell's "expansion" franchise in Baltimore would subsequently become the Baltimore Ravens, and would later adopt the Colts Marching Band, which in 1998, when the team, which had played its first two seasons at Memorial Stadium, moved into a new stadium at Camden Yards, was renamed Baltimore's Marching Ravens, who continue to perform to this day.

text: The Colts' final game in Baltimore was played on December 18, 1983 against the Houston Oilers. The Colts won 20–10. Thirteen years later the Oilers would play their final game before moving to Tennessee against the Baltimore Ravens at Memorial Stadium (the Tennessee Titans are currently one of the Colts' division rivals). The Colts would not play another game in Baltimore until 1998. Since then, the Colts have played in Baltimore several more times during the regular season (most recently in 2017). The teams have had three playoff match-ups, playing two in Baltimore (2006 and 2012), and one in Indianapolis (2009). The Colts won the 2006 game en route to their first Super Bowl win since moving to Indianapolis. The Colts also won the 2009 game but lost the 2012 game, in what was Ray Lewis' last home game. The current rivalry between the two teams is in favor of the Colts (who lead the series eleven wins to four overall [9-3 in the regular season, and 2-1 in the playoffs]). In each game that Indianapolis has played in Baltimore the scoreboard has listed only the city, Indy, never acknowledging the team's name, Colts.

text: Punter Rohn Stark was the last active NFL player who played for the Colts while in Baltimore, retiring after the 1997 NFL season. Stark is also the only player to play for the Baltimore Colts and against the Baltimore Ravens (no player ever played for both the Baltimore Colts and Baltimore Ravens). Ted Marchibroda is the only person to coach the Baltimore Colts, Baltimore Ravens, and the Indianapolis Colts.

text: Since the formation of the Ravens, both teams have won the Super Bowl. The Ravens won Super Bowl XXXV and Super Bowl XLVII, while the Colts won Super Bowl XLI and played in Super Bowl XLIV. As of the 2015 NFL season, the Colts have now played in Indianapolis longer than Baltimore.