document_title: C4 carbon fixation

question_text: in photosynthesis the carbon in co2 is initially fixed to what molecule

text: C4 carbon fixation

text: C4 pathway[edit]

text: The first experiments indicating that some plants do not use C3 carbon fixation but instead produce malate and aspartate in the first step of carbon fixation were done in the 1950s and early 1960s by Hugo P. Kortschak[2] and Yuri Karpilov.[3] The C4 pathway was elucidated by Marshall Davidson Hatch and C. R. Slack, in Australia, in 1966; it is sometimes called the Hatch-Slack pathway.[4]

text: In C3 plants, the first step in the light-independent reactions of photosynthesis involves the fixation of CO2 by the enzyme RuBisCO into 3-phosphoglycerate. However, due to the dual carboxylase and oxygenase activity of RuBisCo, some part of the substrate is oxidized rather than carboxylated, resulting in loss of substrate and consumption of energy, in what is known as photorespiration. In order to bypass the photorespiration pathway, C4 plants have developed a mechanism to efficiently deliver CO2 to the RuBisCO enzyme. They utilize their specific leaf anatomy where chloroplasts exist not only in the mesophyll cells in the outer part of their leaves but in the bundle sheath cells as well. Instead of direct fixation to RuBisCO in the Calvin cycle, CO2 is incorporated into a 4-carbon organic acid, which has the ability to regenerate CO2 in the chloroplasts of the bundle sheath cells. Bundle sheath cells can then utilize this CO2 to generate carbohydrates by the conventional C3 pathway.

text: The first step in the pathway is the conversion of pyruvate to phosphoenolpyruvate (PEP), by the enzyme pyruvate orthophosphate dikinase. This reaction requires inorganic phosphate and ATP plus pyruvate, producing phosphoenolpyruvate, AMP, and inorganic pyrophosphate (PPi). The next step is the fixation of CO2 into oxaloacetate by the enzyme PEP carboxylase. Both of these steps occur in the mesophyll cells:

text:
PEP carboxylase has a lower Km for HCO−
3 — and, hence, higher affinity — than RuBisCO. Furthermore, O2 is a very poor substrate for this enzyme. Thus, at relatively low concentrations of CO2, most CO2 will be fixed by this pathway.

text: The product is usually converted to malate, a simple organic compound, which is transported to the bundle-sheath cells surrounding a nearby vein. Here, it is decarboxylated to produce CO2 and pyruvate. The CO2 now enters the Calvin cycle and the pyruvate is transported back to the mesophyll cell.

text: Since every CO2 molecule has to be fixed twice, first by 4-carbon organic acid and second by RuBisCO, the C4 pathway uses more energy than the C3 pathway. The C3 pathway requires 18 molecules of ATP for the synthesis of one molecule of glucose, whereas the C4 pathway requires 30 molecules of ATP. This energy debt is more than paid for by avoiding losing more than half of photosynthetic carbon in photorespiration as occurs in some tropical plants,[citation needed] making it an adaptive mechanism for minimizing the loss.

text: There are several variants of this pathway:

text:
The 4-carbon acid transported from mesophyll cells may be malate, as above, or aspartate.
The 3-carbon acid transported back from bundle-sheath cells may be pyruvate, as above, or alanine.
The enzyme that catalyses decarboxylation in bundle-sheath cells differs. In maize and sugarcane, the enzyme is NADP-malic enzyme; in millet, it is NAD-malic enzyme; and, in Panicum maximum, it is PEP carboxykinase.

tag: ol

text: C4 Kranz leaf anatomy[edit]

text: The C4 plants often possess a characteristic leaf anatomy called kranz anatomy, from the German word for wreath. Their vascular bundles are surrounded by two rings of cells; the inner ring, called bundle sheath cells, contains starch-rich chloroplasts lacking grana, which differ from those in mesophyll cells present as the outer ring. Hence, the chloroplasts are called dimorphic. The primary function of kranz anatomy is to provide a site in which CO2 can be concentrated around RuBisCO, thereby avoiding photorespiration. In order to maintain a significantly higher CO2 concentration in the bundle sheath compared to the mesophyll, the boundary layer of the kranz has a low conductance to CO2, a property that may be enhanced by the presence of suberin.[5]

text: Although most C4 plants exhibit kranz anatomy, there are, however, a few species that operate a limited C4 cycle without any distinct bundle sheath tissue. Suaeda aralocaspica, Bienertia cycloptera, Bienertia sinuspersici and Bienertia kavirense (all chenopods) are terrestrial plants that inhabit dry, salty depressions in the deserts of the Middle East. These plants have been shown to operate single-cell C4 CO2-concentrating mechanisms, which are unique among the known C4 mechanisms.[6][7][8][9] Although the cytology of both genera differs slightly, the basic principle is that fluid-filled vacuoles are employed to divide the cell into two separate areas. Carboxylation enzymes in the cytosol can, therefore, be kept separate from decarboxylase enzymes and RuBisCO in the chloroplasts, and a diffusive barrier can be established between the chloroplasts (which contain RuBisCO) and the cytosol. This enables a bundle-sheath-type area and a mesophyll-type area to be established within a single cell. Although this does allow a limited C4 cycle to operate, it is relatively inefficient, with the occurrence of much leakage of CO2 from around RuBisCO. There is also evidence for the exhibiting of inducible C4 photosynthesis by non-kranz aquatic macrophyte Hydrilla verticillata under warm conditions, although the mechanism by which CO2 leakage from around RuBisCO is minimised is currently uncertain.[10]

text: The evolution and advantages of the C4 pathway[edit]

text: C4 plants have a competitive advantage over plants possessing the more common C3 carbon fixation pathway under conditions of drought, high temperatures, and nitrogen or CO2 limitation. When grown in the same environment, at 30 °C, C3 grasses lose approximately 833 molecules of water per CO2 molecule that is fixed, whereas C4 grasses lose only 277. This increased water use efficiency of C4 grasses means that soil moisture is conserved, allowing them to grow for longer in arid environments.[11]

text: C4 carbon fixation has evolved on up to 61 independent occasions in 19 different families of plants, making it a prime example of convergent evolution.[12] This convergence may have been facilitated by the fact that many potential evolutionary pathways to a C4 phenotype exist, many of which involve initial evolutionary steps not directly related to photosynthesis.[13] C4 plants arose around 35 million years ago[12] during the Oligocene (precisely when is difficult to determine) and did not become ecologically significant until around 6 to 7 million years ago, in the Miocene Period.[14] C4 metabolism originated when grasses migrated from the shady forest undercanopy to more open environments,[15] where the high sunlight gave it an advantage over the C3 pathway.[16] Drought was not necessary for its innovation; rather, the increased resistance to water stress was a by-product of the pathway and allowed C4 plants to more readily colonise arid environments.[16]

text: Today, C4 plants represent about 5% of Earth's plant biomass and 3% of its known plant species.[11][17] Despite this scarcity, they account for about 23% of terrestrial carbon fixation.[14][18] Increasing the proportion of C4 plants on earth could assist biosequestration of CO2 and represent an important climate change avoidance strategy. Present-day C4 plants are concentrated in the tropics and subtropics (below latitudes of 45°) where the high air temperature contributes to higher possible levels of oxygenase activity by RuBisCO, which increases rates of photorespiration in C3 plants.

text: Plants that use C4 carbon fixation[edit]

text: About 8,100 plant species use C4 carbon fixation, which represents about 3% of all terrestrial species of plants.[18][19] All these 8,100 species are angiosperms. C4 carbon fixation is less common in dicots than in monocots, with only 4.5% of dicots using the C4 pathway, compared to 40% of monocots. Despite this, only three families of monocots utilise C4 carbon fixation compared to 15 dicot families. Of the monocot clades containing C4 plants, the grass (Poaceae) species use the C4 photosynthetic pathway most. Forty-six percent of grasses are C4 and together account for 61% of C4 species. These include the food crops maize, sugar cane, millet, and sorghum.[20][21] Of the dicot clades containing C4 species, the order Caryophyllales contains the most species. Of the families in the Caryophyllales, the Chenopodiaceae use C4 carbon fixation the most, with 550 out of 1,400 species using it. About 250 of the 1000 species of the related Amaranthaceae also use C4.[11][22]

text: Members of the sedge family Cyperaceae, and members of numerous families of Eudicots -including Asteraceae (the daisy family), Brassicaceae (the cabbage family), and Euphorbiaceae (the spurge family)- also use C4.

text: Trees which use C4 include Paulownia.

text: Converting C3 plants to C4[edit]

text: Given the advantages of C4, a group of scientists from institutions around the world are working on the C4 Rice Project to turn rice, a C3 plant, into a C4 plant by studying the C4 plants maize and Brachypodium.[23] As rice is the world's most important human food—it is the staple food for more than half the planet—having rice that is more efficient at converting sunlight into grain could have significant global benefits towards improving food security. The team claim C4 rice could produce up to 50% more grain—and be able to do it with less water and nutrients.[24][25][26]

text: The researchers have already identified genes needed for C4 photosynthesis in rice and are now looking towards developing a prototype C4 rice plant. In 2012, the Government of the United Kingdom along with the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation provided $14 million over 3 years towards the C4 Rice Project at the International Rice Research Institute.[27]


document_title: F Is for Family

question_text: who voices randy in f is for family

question_tokens: who voices randy in f is for family

root

text: F Is for Family

text: Cast[edit]

text: Main[edit]

text:
Bill Burr as Francis X. "Frank" Murphy – Frank is a disillusioned, short-tempered, foul-mouthed, Irish-American, Korean War veteran and father of three who lives in the Great Lakes region of town during the mid-1970s. He is prone to angry, profane rants. As a parent, Frank often responds to his children with profanity and emotional abuse. The Murphy children often go out of their way to avoid upsetting their father. Frank works as a baggage handler at the local Mohican Airlines, and is promoted to management after his boss dies in a violent workplace accident. Frank is usually seen spending many hours in front of his television set while at home. Frank's favorite show is an action series called Colt Luger. Luger, an overweight middle-aged character who is portrayed as an unerringly victorious hero. When facing dire situations, Luger utters the phrase "Sometimes, a man's got to do...what a man does", much to Frank's excitement.
Laura Dern as Sue Murphy[2] – Frank's wife who is a housewife, and also sells Plast-a-Ware (a play on words of Tupperware.)
Justin Long as Kevin Murphy[1][2] – Frank's teenage son who is a juvenile delinquent and a struggling rock musician. Despite his rebellious personality, Kevin often shows signs of love and respect for his parents and a desire to better himself (although he rarely, if ever, follows through on the latter).
Haley Reinhart as Bill Murphy, Frank's younger son.[6][7] Bill tends to be shy and is skinny. He gets bullied frequently. Despite his seemingly weak persona, Bill can often let his anger get the best of him. He is 11 years old in the first season.[8]
Debi Derryberry as Maureen Murphy [2][9] – Frank's young daughter who he often refers to as "Princess". However, even though Frank sees Maureen as a princess, Maureen is an intelligent child and can be destructive like the rest of her family members. However, Maureen is smart enough to hide it. Despite her generally girly appearance, Maureen can act somewhat tomboyish at times, much to Frank's chagrin.
Sam Rockwell as Vic – Frank's wealthy, womanizing neighbor, who brags a lot. Frank loathes him for his playboy lifestyle, laid-back attitude and successful career.

tag: ul

text: Co-starring[edit]

text:
Mo Collins as Jimmy, Vivian, Ben, Brandy, Ginny[10]
Trevor Devall as Red, Bolo, Mr. Goomer, Mr. Holtenwasser, others[11][12]
Phil Hendrie as Jim Jeffords, Colt Luger, others[13][14]

text: Recurring[edit]

text:
Kevin Michael Richardson as Rosie, others
David Koechner as Robert "Bob Pogo" Pogrohvich, Frank's obese, chainsmoking boss.[15][16]
Kevin Farley as Babe, Carl, others[17]
Gary Cole as Rodger Dunbarton, the owner and founder of the airlines where Frank and his co-workers work.
Joe Buck as Lou Gagliardi, others[18]
John DiMaggio as Scoop Dunbarton, Roger Dunbarton's racist and moronic nephew.
Allison Janney as Henrietta Van Horne[19]
T.J. Miller as Randy
Michael K. Williams as Smoky

text: Episodes[edit]

text:
Season
Episodes
Originally released

1
6
December 18, 2015 (2015-12-18)

2
10
May 30, 2017 (2017-05-30)

tag: table

text: Season 1 (2015)[edit]

text:
No.
overall
No. in
season
Title
Directed by
Written by
Original release date
Prod.
code

1
1
"The Bleedin' in Sweden"
Benjamin Marsaud
Story by : Bill Burr and Michael Price
Teleplay by : Michael Price
December 18, 2015 (2015-12-18)
101

Frank is excited at the prospect of having the entire neighborhood over to watch an upcoming boxing match, but when Vic threatens to ruin his chances with his much more expensive and exciting television set, Frank overpromises that he has a color TV to convince the neighbors to come to his house instead. After he purchases one, Bill accidentally ruins it when he sticks a magnet on it as part of a school project. Frank initially believes that the store sold him a lemon and has an outburst in front of all the employees and customers when they refuse to give him a refund, embarrassing Sue. Bill eventually confesses, but after being gloated over by one of the store's employees when Frank and Sue take him to apologize, Bill uses his magnet to ruin every single television set in the store, and Frank gets refunded. At the end of the episode, the neighbors watch the match at Frank's house, while Vic watches it at his house "alone".

2
2
"Saturday Bloody Saturday"
Laurent Nicolas
David Richardson
December 18, 2015 (2015-12-18)
102

After finding out that Kevin is failing nearly every single one of his classes, Frank takes him to his job at the airport, where he's recently been promoted after his former boss was decapitated in a violent work accident, to demonstrate to him the responsibilities of caring for a family. Frank is torn between his underpaid, hard-working co-workers who are contemplating a strike, and his employer, who worries a strike will shut down Mohican Airways for good. Although Kevin is initially unimpressed and spends most of the day hanging around with some pill-popping, underachieving airport staff, he realizes the difficulties of his father's job after he witnesses Frank being yelled at and insulted by an old woman, who accuses the airport of stealing her medication, and comes to appreciate how hard Frank works to put food on the table. Meanwhile, after his father puts him in charge of Maureen for the day, Bill struggles to keep her rebellious nature under wraps, while Sue begins to doubt her solitary role as a mother and wife.

3
3
"The Trough"
Benjamin Marsaud
Michael Price
December 18, 2015 (2015-12-18)
103

Despite Kevin's promises to get back on track to improve his grades, Frank is outraged when he finds out that Kevin is still falling behind, and as a punishment, takes Bill to a football game where he was given corporate seats by the management at Mohican Airways, which Frank had initially promised Kevin to go to. While there, they meet Rodger Dunbarton, CEO at Mohican Airways, who speaks to Frank about talks of a strike and how he must no longer sympathize with his co-workers. On the drive home, their car breaks down, and they are rescued by Rosie, one of Frank's colleagues, but when Bill innocently reveals they had been given tickets to a football game and his father's conversation with Dunbarton, Frank faces a hostile situation at work. Meanwhile, Sue goes to the mall with Maureen, where she is accosted by a talkative friend, and Maureen learns of her mother's underwhelming home life during a surprise outburst. Kevin hangs out with friends and gets high, reminiscing of the loving relationship he and his father had when he was young.

4
4
"'F' is for Halloween"
Laurent Nicolas
Tom Gianas
December 18, 2015 (2015-12-18)
104

On Halloween, Frank attempts to dissuade Sue from a promotion, leading to tensions between them; Bill is reluctant to trick-or-treat due to his fear of being bullied by school greaser Jimmy Fitzsimmons.

5
5
"Bill Murphy's Day Off"
Benjamin Marsaud
Emily Towers
December 18, 2015 (2015-12-18)
105

Bill tries to hide his recent suspension while Frank earns the ire of his co-workers for befriending the aloof CEO of the airline. In addition, Frank struggles to make good on a promise to Kevin.

6
6
"O Holy Moly Night"
Laurent Nicolas
David Richardson
December 18, 2015 (2015-12-18)
106

When Christmas comes near, Frank is desperate to remedy the hostility of his co-workers and his supervisors at the airport while the family dog is missing. Kevin starts his part-time job. Bill becomes an altar boy at the church and gets into trouble.

text: Season 2 (2017)[edit]

text:
No.
overall
No. in
season
Title
Directed by
Written by
Original release date
Prod.
code

7
1
"Heavy Sledding"
Romain Bounoure & Olivier Schramm
Michael Price
May 30, 2017 (2017-05-30)
TBA

Three weeks after he got fired, Frank is still unemployed. On a snow day, Sue decides to take the family sledding to get them out of their slump.

8
2
"A Girl Named Sue"
Romain Bounoure & Olivier Schramm
David Richardson
May 30, 2017 (2017-05-30)
TBA

Frank's old boss, Bob Pogo, calls him to offer him a job, only for things to turn out bad for Frank. Meanwhile, Sue ponders a change in her life.

9
3
"The Liar's Club"
Romain Bounoure & Olivier Schramm
Bill Burr
May 30, 2017 (2017-05-30)
TBA

After bailing out of the unemployment office, Frank turns to Rosie's friend, Smokey, for a job, but not before helping Kevin move into the basement after he ditches school. Meanwhile, Sue gets a new job as a secretary, but is mistreated by the sexist heads of her company.

10
4
"Night Shift"
Romain Bounoure & Olivier Schramm
Emily Towers
May 30, 2017 (2017-05-30)
TBA

Frank gets a job as a stocking man courtesy of Smokey, consequently sleeping through the day and ignoring Sue and his family. All the while, Kevin and his band try to get a gig and Sue has an idea for a new Plast-a-Ware product.

11
5
"Breaking Bill"
Romain Bounoure & Olivier Schramm
Joe Heslinga
May 30, 2017 (2017-05-30)
TBA

After Frank learns that Kevin and his band are performing on a school night, his attempts at halting it cause intense tension between him and Kevin. Meanwhile, Bill, having received money from his job as a paperboy, tries to buy a hockey-stick for hockey tryouts, but a run-in with the local bully, Jimmy, pushes him over the edge. Also, when Sue pitches her idea, she still receives a lack of respect.

12
6
"This is Not Good"
Romain Bounoure, Olivier Schramm & Mike Roberts
Henry Gammill
May 30, 2017 (2017-05-30)
TBA

When Frank's new job includes a stop at the airport, he ends up in a predicament with Bob. Kevin tries to get a date with a 'haircut' girl, but due to erection problems, he bails and this attracts the attention of Vic's new girlfriend. Also, Bill begins to enjoy lifting his legs on the law, much to the concern of his friend Phillip.

13
7
"Fight Night"
Romain Bounoure, Olivier Schramm & Mike Roberts
Eric Goldberg & Peter Tibbals
May 30, 2017 (2017-05-30)
TBA

Frank and Sue's individual underhanded actions causes them to have a major fight on their anniversary when they're called into a meeting with Maureen's school teacher.

14
8
"F is for Fixing It"
Romain Bounoure, Olivier Schramm & Mike Roberts
Valeri Vaughn
May 30, 2017 (2017-05-30)
TBA

Frank and Sue try to deal with their marital problems; Kevin feels guilty for having sex with Vic's new girlfriend; and when Jimmy tried to make amends after he has been released from Catholic Military School, a fearful revelation from Phillip reveals Bill's part in sending him away, causing Jimmy to go back to his bullying ways.

15
9
"Pray Away"
Romain Bounoure, Olivier Schramm & Mike Roberts
Marc Wilmore
May 30, 2017 (2017-05-30)
TBA

Frank and Sue go to a couple's retreat to get help from a religious psychiatrist when their marriage begins to hit a snag, which only leads to a moment of truth between them. Meanwhile, Bill and his friends try to deal with a vengeful Jimmy, while Kevin is forced to deal with Vic when the latter finds out about his girlfriend's affair with Kevin.

16
10
"Landing the Plane"
Romain Bounoure & Olivier Schramm
Michael Price
May 30, 2017 (2017-05-30)
TBA

The day takes a traumatic turn for the Murphys when the founder of Plast-a-Wares takes credit for Sue's idea and Frank and his friends attempt to get rid of "Scoop," the mentally unstable new manager (Roger Dunbarton's nephew), which inadvertently causes them to be caught in the middle of a terrorist attack caused by a Black Panthers-esque band of domestic terrorists.

text: Production[edit]

text: The series was announced in October 2014 as part of a partnership between Netflix, Gaumont International Television, and Wild West Television.[20] The show is a "family comedy" based on the standup of Bill Burr.[21] Moreover, the show takes place in the 1970s, "a time when you could smack your kid, smoke inside, and bring a gun to the airport".[21] Burr voices the Murphy family patriarch, with Laura Dern as his wife, Justin Long as his eldest son, Debi Derryberry as his daughter Maureen, and Haley Reinhart as his young son.[6][7][21] The first season consists of six episodes, shown in a serial manner, written by Bill Burr and Michael Price.[22] Price is best known for his Emmy and Writers Guild award-winning work on The Simpsons.[22] The series is co-directed by Ben Marsaud (director of Counterfeit Cat & former storyboard artist on The Amazing World of Gumball).

tag: p

text: Reception[edit]

text: The series has received generally positive reviews.[23] On Rotten Tomatoes the series holds a rating of 81% based on 15 reviews, with an average score of 7.1/10. The site's critical consensus reads, "While the humor relies on vulgarity, the strength of F Is for Family is its substantial heart."[24] On Metacritic, the series holds a score of 75 out of 100, based on 14 reviews, indicating "Generally favorable reviews".[25]

text: Awards and nominations[edit]

text:
Year
Award
Category
Nominee
Result

2017
69th Primetime Emmy Awards
Outstanding Character Voice-Over Performance
Mo Collins as Ginny, Jimmy Fitzsimmons, Lex, Ben, and Cutie Pie (Episode: Pray Away)
Nominated


document_title: Sing (2016 American film)

question_text: who does the voice of ash in sing

question_tokens: who does the voice of ash in sing

text: Sing (2016 American film)

text: Plot[edit]

text: In a world of anthropomorphic animals, koala Buster Moon owns a theater, having been interested in show business since his father took him to his first music show as a child. Following financial problems brought up by the bank representative Judith, he tells his wealthy friend Eddie that he will host a singing competition with a prize of $1,000. But Buster's assistant, Miss Crawly, accidentally appends two extra zeroes, and the promotional fliers showing $100,000 are blown out of Buster's office into the city streets.

text: Animals from all around the city gather for auditions. Those selected include housewife and mother of 25 piglets Rosita; street musician mouse Mike; mobster's son gorilla Johnny; and punk-rock porcupine Ash. Shy teenage elephant Meena fails her audition out of stage fright, while Ash's boyfriend Lance is dismissed from the contest. Rosita is paired with another contestant, an exuberant pig named Gunter, for a dance routine. Although Buster discovers the flyers show a prize of $100,000 (money he does not have), he remains optimistic. Buster convinces Eddie to arrange a visit with Eddie's grandmother, former opera singer and theater actress Nana Noodleman, to persuade her to sponsor the prize money. She is hesitant to contribute but agrees to see a private screening of the show.

text: Encouraged by her grandfather, Meena tries to ask Buster for another chance, but becomes his stage hand instead. When one of the acts quits, and another is injured, Meena is added as an act. The performers' individual problems begin to hinder rehearsals: Rosita flounders in her dance routine with Gunter, after having been distracted by her parenting duties that have fallen into disarray. After discovering Lance with a new girlfriend and evicting them from her apartment, Ash is devastated and can no longer sing her assigned song, Carly Rae Jepsen's "Call Me Maybe." Johnny is torn between having to help his father as the driver of a getaway car in a heist and making the practices. When he tries to do both, he does not show up for the planned pickup in time, and his father and his gang are arrested. Meena does not get any help in overcoming her stage fright, and Mike, certain that the prize money is as good as his, buys a fancy car to impress a female mouse, and then swindles a group of bears in a card game at a nightclub.

text: The day of the screening, the bears interrupt the show, demanding the money from Mike, who in turn, points to Buster. The bears open the chest containing the prize money, but it is nowhere near $100,000. The glass tank full of luminescent squids that Buster got to light up the theater breaks under all their weight, flooding the theater, which then comes crashing down. With the lot repossessed by Judith, Buster, who had been living in his theater's office desk, takes up residence at Eddie's place (his parents' pool house). Although the contestants (besides Mike, who saw Buster as a fraud) visit him and try to cheer him up, Buster is too despondent to listen to them. He tries to start over by opening a car wash, using the same bucket that his father had used to earn money for Buster's theater.

text: When Meena goes to the theater's rubble lot and sings Leonard Cohen's "Hallelujah," Buster hears her and is inspired to reinstate the show without the prize money. They perform on a makeshift stage on the lot in front of Rosita and Meena's family members. As Rosita and Gunter perform Taylor Swift's "Shake It Off," more animals are attracted to the scene as the show is broadcast on the news. Johnny's rendition of Elton John's "I'm Still Standing" impresses his father, who then escapes from prison to reconcile with him. Despite an interruption by Judith, Ash sings her original rock song "Set It All Free." Mike returns to the show and sings Frank Sinatra's "My Way." Meena finally overcomes her fears and sings Stevie Wonder's "Don't You Worry 'bout a Thing," which literally brings down the house. The show becomes a success and impresses Nana, who was in the audience. Nana buys the lot and the theater is rebuilt and reopened.

text: Voice cast[edit]

text:
Matthew McConaughey as Buster Moon, an optimistic koala who plans to save his theater from closure by holding a singing competition.[3][5]
Reese Witherspoon as Rosita, a pig who gave up her teenage music dreams to become a devoted wife to Norman, and mother to their 25 piglets.[5]
Seth MacFarlane as Mike, an arrogant street musician mouse with a big Frank Sinatra-esque voice.[5]
Scarlett Johansson as Ash, a teenage porcupine punk rocker who takes part in an alternative-rock music duo with her boyfriend Lance.[1][5]
John C. Reilly as Eddie Noodleman, a sheep and Buster's friend who doubts the future of the theater.[5][6]
Tori Kelly as Meena, a teenage elephant with an exquisite singing voice and severe stage fright.[5]
Taron Egerton as Johnny, a teenage gorilla who wants to sing, though his father would rather have him follow his criminal footsteps.[5]
Jennifer Saunders as Nana Noodleman, a sheep and Eddie's grandmother who was a singer in her glory days.[7][8]

Jennifer Hudson[1] as Young Nana

Garth Jennings as Miss Crawly, an elderly iguana with a glass eye who is Buster's administrative assistant.[1]
Peter Serafinowicz as Big Daddy, a gorilla gang leader who wants his son Johnny to follow in his crime business.[1]
Nick Kroll as Gunter, a passionate dancing pig who is partnered with Rosita for the show.[9][7]
Beck Bennett as Lance, a porcupine and Ash's boyfriend.[1]
Jay Pharoah[7] as Meena's grandfather who pressures her to overcome her stage fright.
Nick Offerman[7] as Norman, a pig and Rosita's husband.
Leslie Jones as Meena's mother
Rhea Perlman as Judith,[1][10] a brown llama from the bank who warns Buster that his theater will be repossessed if he does not pay.
Laraine Newman as Meena's grandmother
Adam Buxton as Stan, a gorilla who is a member of Big Daddy's gang.
Brad Morris as Baboon, whom Mike attacks for not donating more money to his street performances.
Bill Farmer as News Reporter Dog, who documents Buster's singing competition.

text: The voices of Rosita's piglet children were provided by Oscar, Leo, Caspar, and Asa Jennings, the children of Garth Jennings, the film's writer and director. Jennings had directors Edgar Wright and Wes Anderson provide "additional voices", continuing a tradition of the three friends appearing in each other's films.[11]

text: Production[edit]

text: In January 2014, it was announced that Garth Jennings would write and direct an animated comedy film for Universal Pictures and Illumination Entertainment, about "courage, competition and carrying a tune,"[12] which was originally titled Lunch,[13] and then retitled as Sing.[5]

text: On January 14, 2015, Matthew McConaughey was cast in the film's lead voice role.[3] Chris Meledandri and Janet Healy produced the film.[3] On June 17, 2015, it was confirmed that McConaughey's character is named Buster and that John C. Reilly would voice Eddie, a sheep and Buster's best friend.[6] In November 2015, it was announced that Reese Witherspoon, Seth MacFarlane, Scarlett Johansson, Tori Kelly and Taron Egerton had joined the cast of the film.[5]

text: The film features 65 pop songs, the rights to which cost 15 percent of the film's $75 million budget.[14] The animation was created entirely in France by Illumination MacGuff.[15]

text: Soundtrack[edit]

text: A soundtrack album for the film was released on December 21, 2016.

text: Release[edit]

text: The almost complete[16] film was screened as a work in progress beginning September 11, 2016 at the Toronto International Film Festival.[17] Universal Studios released the film on December 21, 2016.[18]

text: Home media[edit]

text: Sing was released on Blu-ray, Blu-ray 3D, Ultra HD Blu-ray and DVD on March 21, 2017. It includes three short films: Gunter Babysits, Love at First Sight, and Eddie's Life Coach.[19]

text:
In Gunter Babysits, Gunter offers to watch over Rosita and Norman's piglets while they are away as he works to prove himself to be a good babysitter.
In Love at First Sight, Johnny sets Miss Crawly up with an online dating website where she manages to score a date with a lizard named Herman.
In Eddie's Life Coach, Eddie's mother sets Eddie up for a digital training seminar where he will be assigned to a dachshund named Garry "The Winner" Wishman.

text: Reception[edit]

text: Box office[edit]

text: Sing grossed $270.3 million in the United States and Canada, and $363.8 million in other territories, for a worldwide total of $634.1 million, against a production budget of $75 million.[2] Deadline.com calculated the net profit of the film to be $194.2 million, when factoring together all expenses and revenue for the film, making it the 7th most profitable release of 2016.[20]

text: In North America, the film opened alongside Passengers and Assassin's Creed, and was expected to gross around $70 million from 4,022 theaters over its first six days of release.[21] The film made $1.7 million during its Tuesday night previews.[22] It went on to gross $35.2 million in its opening weekend (a six-day total of $75.5 million), finishing second at the box office behind Rogue One: A Star Wars Story, which was in its second week.[23] Sing holds the record for being the highest-grossing film to never finish first at the North American box office, besting My Big Fat Greek Wedding ($241.4 million in 2002).[24]

text: Critical response[edit]

text: On the aggregate site Rotten Tomatoes, the film has an approval rating of 73% based on 168 reviews, and an average rating of 6.5/10. The site's critical consensus reads, "Sing delivers colorfully animated, cheerfully undemanding entertainment with a solid voice cast and a warm-hearted – albeit familiar – storyline that lives up to its title."[25] On Metacritic, the film has a weighted average score of 59 out of 100 based on 37 critics, indicating "mixed or average reviews."[26] Audiences polled by CinemaScore gave the film an average grade of "A" on an A+ to F scale.[27]

text: Brian Truitt of USA Today gave the film three-and-a-half out of four stars and wrote, "In a year full of talking-animal hits, Sing isn't quite as strong a number. It's a tale that might not be particularly thought-provoking but sure is toe-tapping."[28] In her review for the Los Angeles Times, Katie Walsh called Sing, "a cute movie with genuinely funny moments (keep an eye out for the koala car wash), and some great tunes to boot."[29] The Arizona Republic's Bill Goodykoontz was rather mixed about the movie in his review and overall said, "Sing is like an album with a good song here and there, but too much filler and not enough hits."[30] Reviewing the version of the film screened at the Toronto International Film Festival, Stefan Pape of the British website HeyUGuys gave the film a mixed review of 2/5, stating that "Garth Jennings's Sing effectively acknowledges early on that it's following a completely unoriginal formula, and yet carries on regardless."[31] While Peter Debruge of Variety, who also saw the film during the same festival, did not find the subplots to have any "profound life lessons," he overall praised Jennings' direction, the cast's voice performances and the film's silliness.[32]

text: Accolades[edit]

text:
List of awards and nominations

Award
Date of ceremony
Category
Recipient(s)
Result
Ref(s)

AARP Annual Movies for Grownups Awards
February 6, 2017
Best Movie for Grownups who Refuse to Grow Up
Sing
Nominated
[33]

Annie Awards
February 4, 2017
Outstanding Achievement, Music in an Animated Feature Production
Joby Talbot
[34]

Golden Globe Awards
January 8, 2017
Best Animated Feature Film
Sing
[35]

Best Original Song
"Faith" – Ryan Tedder, Stevie Wonder and Francis Farewell Starlite

Hollywood Music in Media Awards
November 17, 2016
Best Song – Animated Film
[36][37]

Best Soundtrack Album
Sing: Original Motion Picture Soundtrack

Outstanding Music Supervision – Film
Jojo Villanueva
Won

Nickelodeon Kids' Choice Awards
March 11, 2017
Favorite Animated Movie
Sing
Nominated
[38]

Favorite Voice From an Animated Movie
Reese Witherspoon

Most Wanted Pet

Favorite Soundtrack
Sing

Saturn Awards
June 28, 2017
Best Animated Film
Nominated
[39]

text: Sequel[edit]

text: Universal and Illumination have announced plans for a sequel, tentatively titled Sing 2, slated for December 25, 2020.[40]


document_title: List of National Basketball Association career scoring leaders

question_text: who scored the most points in their nba career

text: Scoring Leaders[edit]

text: The following is a list of National Basketball Association players by total career regular season points scored.

text:
^
Active NBA player

*
Inducted into the Naismith Memorial Basketball Hall of Fame

†
Not yet eligible for Hall of Fame consideration[2]

text:
Rank
Player
Position(s)
Team(s) played for (years)[3]
Total points
Games
played
Points
per game
average[4]
Field goals
made
Three-point
field goals
made[5]
Free
throws
made

1
Abdul-Jabbar, KareemKareem Abdul-Jabbar*[6]
C
Milwaukee Bucks (1969–1975)
Los Angeles Lakers (1975–1989)
38,387
1,560
24.6
15,837
1
6,712

2
Malone, KarlKarl Malone*
PF
Utah Jazz (1985–2003)
Los Angeles Lakers (2003–2004)
36,928
1,476
25.0
13,528
85
9,787

3
Bryant, KobeKobe Bryant†
SG
Los Angeles Lakers (1996–2016)
33,643
1,346
25.0
11,719
1,827
8,378

4
Jordan, MichaelMichael Jordan*
SG
Chicago Bulls (1984–1993, 1995–1998)
Washington Wizards (2001–2003)
32,292
1,072
30.1
12,192
581
7,327

5
Chamberlain, WiltWilt Chamberlain*
C
Philadelphia/San Francisco Warriors (1959–1965)
Philadelphia 76ers (1965–1968)
Los Angeles Lakers (1968–1973)
31,419
1,045
30.1
12,681
0
6,057

6
Nowitzki, DirkDirk Nowitzki^
PF/C
Dallas Mavericks (1999–present)
31,187
1,471
21.2
11,034
1,918
7,201

7
James, LeBronLeBron James^
SF/PF
Cleveland Cavaliers (2003–2010, 2014–present)
Miami Heat (2010–2014)
31,038
1,143
27.2
11,280
1,616
6,862

8
O'Neal, ShaquilleShaquille O'Neal*
C
Orlando Magic (1992–1996)
Los Angeles Lakers (1996–2004)
Miami Heat (2004–2008)
Phoenix Suns (2008–2009)
Cleveland Cavaliers (2009–2010)
Boston Celtics (2010–2011)
28,596
1,207
23.7
11,330
1
5,935

9
Malone, MosesMoses Malone*
C
Buffalo Braves (1976)
Houston Rockets (1976–1982)
Philadelphia 76ers (1982–1986, 1993–1994)
Washington Bullets (1986–1988)
Atlanta Hawks (1988–1991)
Milwaukee Bucks (1991–1993)
San Antonio Spurs (1994–1995)
27,409
1,329
20.6
9,435
8
8,531

10
Hayes, ElvinElvin Hayes*
PF/C
San Diego/Houston Rockets (1968–1972, 1981–1984)
Baltimore/Capital/Washington Bullets (1972–1981)
27,313
1,303
21.0
10,976
5
5,356

11
Olajuwon, HakeemHakeem Olajuwon*[7]
C
Houston Rockets (1984–2001)
Toronto Raptors (2001–2002)
26,946
1,238
21.8
10,749
25
5,423

12
Robertson, OscarOscar Robertson*
PG
Cincinnati Royals (1960–1970)
Milwaukee Bucks (1970–1974)
26,710
1,040
25.7
9,508
0
7,694

13
Wilkins, DominiqueDominique Wilkins*
SF
Atlanta Hawks (1982–1994)
Los Angeles Clippers (1994)
Boston Celtics (1994–1995)
San Antonio Spurs (1996–1997)
Orlando Magic (1999)
26,668
1,074
24.8
9,963
711
6,031

14
Duncan, TimTim Duncan†
PF/C
San Antonio Spurs (1997–2016)
26,496
1,392
19.0
10,285
30
5,896

15
Pierce, PaulPaul Pierce†
SF/SG
Boston Celtics (1999–2013)
Brooklyn Nets (2013–2014)
Washington Wizards (2014–2015)
Los Angeles Clippers (2015–2017)
26,397
1,343
19.7
8,668
2,143
6,918

16
Havlicek, JohnJohn Havlicek*
SF/SG
Boston Celtics (1962–1978)
26,395
1,270
20.8
10,513
0
5,369

17
Garnett, KevinKevin Garnett†
PF/C
Minnesota Timberwolves (1995–2007, 2015–2016)
Boston Celtics (2007–2013)
Brooklyn Nets (2013–2015)
26,071
1,462
17.8
10,505
174
4,887

18
English, AlexAlex English*
SF
Milwaukee Bucks (1976–1978)
Indiana Pacers (1978–1980)
Denver Nuggets (1980–1990)
Dallas Mavericks (1990–1991)
25,613
1,193
21.5
10,659
18
4,277

19
Anthony, CarmeloCarmelo Anthony^
SF
Denver Nuggets (2003–2011)
New York Knicks (2011–2017)
Oklahoma City Thunder (2017–present)
25,417
1,054
24.1
9,088
1,341
5,900

20
Miller, ReggieReggie Miller*
SG
Indiana Pacers (1987–2005)
25,279
1,389
18.2
8,241
2,560
6,237

21
West, JerryJerry West*
PG/SG
Los Angeles Lakers (1960–1974)
25,192
932
27.0
9,016
0
7,160

22
Carter, VinceVince Carter^
SG/SF
Toronto Raptors (1999–2004)
New Jersey Nets (2004–2009)
Orlando Magic (2009–2010)
Phoenix Suns (2010–2011)
Dallas Mavericks (2011–2014)
Memphis Grizzlies (2014–2017)
Sacramento Kings (2017–present)
24,868
1,405
17.7
8,990
2,106
4,782

23
Ewing, PatrickPatrick Ewing*
C
New York Knicks (1985–2000)
Seattle SuperSonics (2000–2001)
Orlando Magic (2001–2002)
24,815
1,183
21.0
9,702
19
5,392

24
Allen, RayRay Allen*
SG
Milwaukee Bucks (1996–2003)
Seattle SuperSonics (2003–2007)
Boston Celtics (2007–2012)
Miami Heat (2012–2014)
24,505
1,300
18.9
8,567
2,973
4,398

25
Iverson, AllenAllen Iverson*
SG/PG
Philadelphia 76ers (1996–2006, 2009–2010)
Denver Nuggets (2006–2008)
Detroit Pistons (2008–2009)
Memphis Grizzlies (2009)
24,368
914
26.7
8,467
1,059
6,375

26
Barkley, CharlesCharles Barkley*
PF
Philadelphia 76ers (1984–1992)
Phoenix Suns (1992–1996)
Houston Rockets (1996–2000)
23,757
1,073
22.1
8,435
538
6,349

27
Parish, RobertRobert Parish*
C
Golden State Warriors (1976–1980)
Boston Celtics (1980–1994)
Charlotte Hornets (1994–1996)
Chicago Bulls (1996–1997)
23,334
1,611
14.5
9,614
0
4,106

28
Dantley, AdrianAdrian Dantley*
SF
Buffalo Braves (1976–1977)
Indiana Pacers (1977)
Los Angeles Lakers (1977–1979)
Utah Jazz (1979–1986)
Detroit Pistons (1986–1989)
Dallas Mavericks (1989–1990)
Milwaukee Bucks (1991)
23,177
955
24.3
8,169
7
6,832

29
Baylor, ElginElgin Baylor*
SF
Minneapolis/Los Angeles Lakers (1958–1971)
23,149
846
27.4
8,693
0
5,763

30
Drexler, ClydeClyde Drexler*
SG
Portland Trail Blazers (1983–1995)
Houston Rockets (1995–1998)
22,195
1,086
20.4
8,335
827
4,698

31
Wade, DwyaneDwyane Wade^
SG
Miami Heat (2003–2016, 2018–present)
Chicago Bulls (2016–2017)
Cleveland Cavaliers (2017–2018)
22,082
982
22.5
8,038
463
5,543

32
Payton, GaryGary Payton*
PG
Seattle SuperSonics (1990–2003)
Milwaukee Bucks (2003)
Los Angeles Lakers (2003–2004)
Boston Celtics (2004–2005)
Miami Heat (2005–2007)
21,813
1,335
16.3
8,708
1,132
3,265

33
Bird, LarryLarry Bird*
SF/PF
Boston Celtics (1979–1992)
21,791
897
24.3
8,591
649
3,960

34
Greer, HalHal Greer*
SG/PG
Syracuse Nationals/Philadelphia 76ers (1958–1973)
21,586
1,122
19.2
8,504
0
4,578

35
Bellamy, WaltWalt Bellamy*
C
Chicago Packers/Zephyrs/Baltimore Bullets (1961–1965)
New York Knicks (1965–1968)
Detroit Pistons (1968–1970)
Atlanta Hawks (1970–1974)
New Orleans Jazz (1974)
20,941
1,043
20.1
7,914
0
5,113

36
Durant, KevinKevin Durant^
SF/SG
Seattle SuperSonics/Oklahoma City Thunder (2007–2016)
Golden State Warriors (2016–present)
20,913
771
27.1
7,093
1,433
5,294

37
Pettit, BobBob Pettit*
PF/C
Milwaukee/St. Louis Hawks (1954–1965)
20,880
792
26.4
7,349
0
6,182

38
Robinson, DavidDavid Robinson*
C
San Antonio Spurs (1989–2003)
20,790
987
21.1
7,365
25
6,035

39
Gasol, PauPau Gasol^
C/PF
Memphis Grizzlies (2001–2008)
Los Angeles Lakers (2008–2014)
Chicago Bulls (2014–2016)
San Antonio Spurs (2016–present)
20,776
1,196
17.4
7,938
173
4,727

40
Gervin, GeorgeGeorge Gervin*
SG/SF
San Antonio Spurs (1976–1985)
Chicago Bulls (1985–1986)
20,708
791
26.2
8,045
77
4,541

41
Richmond, MitchMitch Richmond*
SG
Golden State Warriors (1988–1991)
Sacramento Kings (1991–1998)
Washington Wizards (1999–2001)
Los Angeles Lakers (2001–2002)
20,497
976
21.0
7,305
1,326
4,561

42
Johnson, JoeJoe Johnson^
SG/SF
Boston Celtics (2001–2002)
Phoenix Suns (2002–2005)
Atlanta Hawks (2005–2012)
Brooklyn Nets (2012–2016)
Miami Heat (2016)
Utah Jazz (2016–2018)
Houston Rockets (2018–present)
20,405
1,276
16.0
7,822
1,978
2,783

43
Chambers, TomTom Chambers
PF
San Diego Clippers (1981–1983)
Seattle SuperSonics (1983–1988)
Phoenix Suns (1988–1993)
Utah Jazz (1993–1995)
Charlotte Hornets (1997)
Philadelphia 76ers (1997)
20,049
1,107
18.1
7,378
227
5,066

44
Jamison, AntawnAntawn Jamison
PF/SF
Golden State Warriors (1999–2003)
Dallas Mavericks (2003–2004)
Washington Wizards (2004–2010)
Cleveland Cavaliers (2010–2012)
Los Angeles Lakers (2012–2013)
Los Angeles Clippers (2013–2014)
20,042
1,083
18.5
7,679
1,163
3,521

45
Stockton, JohnJohn Stockton*
PG
Utah Jazz (1984–2003)
19,711
1,504
13.1
7,039
845
4,788

46
King, BernardBernard King*
SF
New Jersey Nets (1977–1979, 1993)
Utah Jazz (1979)
Golden State Warriors (1980–1982)
New York Knicks (1982–1985, 1987)
Washington Bullets (1987–1991)
19,655
874
22.5
7,830
23
3,972

47
Robinson, CliffordClifford Robinson
PF/SF
Portland Trail Blazers (1989–1997)
Phoenix Suns (1997–2001)
Detroit Pistons (2001–2003)
Golden State Warriors (2003–2005)
New Jersey Nets (2005–2007)
19,591
1,380
14.2
7,389
1,253
3,560

48
Davis, WalterWalter Davis
SG/SF
Phoenix Suns (1977–1988)
Denver Nuggets (1988–1991, 1991–1992)
Portland Trail Blazers (1991)
19,521
1,033
18.9
8,118
157
3,128

49
Cummings, TerryTerry Cummings
PF
San Diego Clippers (1982–1984)
Milwaukee Bucks (1984–1989, 1995–1996)
San Antonio Spurs (1989–1995)
Seattle SuperSonics (1996–1997)
Philadelphia 76ers (1997–1998)
New York Knicks (1998)
Golden State Warriors (1999–2000)
19,460
1,183
16.4
8,045
44
3,326

50
Lanier, BobBob Lanier*
C
Detroit Pistons (1970–1980)
Milwaukee Bucks (1980–1984)
19,248
959
20.1
7,761
2
3,724

text: Progressive list of scoring leaders[edit]

text: This is a progressive list of scoring leaders showing how the record increased through the years.[1]

text:
Team abbreviations
Team(s) listed is the one player was on when he established the record.

ATL
Atlanta Hawks
DET
Detroit Pistons
MIL
Milwaukee Bucks
PHX
Phoenix Suns

BOS
Boston Celtics
FTW
Fort Wayne Pistons
MIN
Minnesota Timberwolves
PHW
Philadelphia Warriors

BUF
Buffalo Braves
GSW
Golden State Warriors
MNL
Minneapolis Lakers
SAS
San Antonio Spurs

CHI
Chicago Bulls
HOU
Houston Rockets
NOJ
New Orleans Jazz
SDR
San Diego Rockets

CHS
Chicago Stags
IND
Indiana Pacers
NOP
New Orleans Pelicans
SFW
San Francisco Warriors

CLE
Cleveland Cavaliers
KCO
Kansas City-Omaha Kings
OKC
Oklahoma City Thunder
STL
St. Louis Hawks

DAL
Dallas Mavericks
LAL
Los Angeles Lakers
ORL
Orlando Magic
SYR
Syracuse Nationals

DEN
Denver Nuggets
MIA
Miami Heat
PHI
Philadelphia 76ers
UTA
Utah Jazz

text:
Scoring Leader at the end of every season

Season
Year-by-year leader
Points
Active player points leader
Total points
Career points record
Total points
Single-season points record
Points
Season

1946–47
Joe Fulks*000PHW
1,389
Joe Fulks*000PHW
1,389
Joe Fulks*000PHW
1,389
Joe Fulks*000PHW
1,389
1946–47

1947–48
Max Zaslofsky000CHS
1,007
2,338
2,338
1947–48

1948–49
George Mikan*000MNL
1,698
3,898
3,898
George Mikan*000MNL
1,698
1948–49

1949–50
1,865
4,863
4,863
1,865
1949–50

1950–51
1,932
6,099
6,099
1,932
1950–51

1951–52
Paul Arizin*000PHW
1,674
7,021
7,021
1951–52

1952–53
Neil Johnston*000PHW
1,564
George Mikan*000MNL
8,460
George Mikan*000MNL
8,460
1952–53

1953–54
1,759
9,766
9,766
1953–54

1954–55
1,631
Max Zaslofsky000FTW
7,902
1954–55

1955–56
Bob Pettit*000STL
1,849
George Mikan*000MNL
10,156
10,156
1955–56

1956–57
Paul Arizin*000PHW
1,817
Ed Macauley*000STL
10,150
1956–57

1957–58
George Yardley*000DET
2,001
Dolph Schayes*000SYR
11,764
Dolph Schayes*000SYR
11,764
George Yardley*000DET
2,001
1957–58

1958–59
Bob Pettit*000STL
2,105
13,298
13,298
Bob Pettit*000STL
2,105
1958–59

1959–60
Wilt Chamberlain*
000PHW 1959–62
000SFW 1962–65
000PHI 1965–66
2,707
14,987
14,987
Wilt Chamberlain*000PHW
2,707
1959–60

1960–61
3,033
16,855
16,855
3,033
1960–61

1961–62
4,029
17,677
17,677
4,029
1961–62

1962–63
3,586
18,304
18,304
1962–63

1963–64
2,948
Bob Pettit*000STL
19,756
Bob Pettit*000STL
19,756
1963–64

1964–65
2,534
20,880
20,880
1964–65

1965–66
2,649
Wilt Chamberlain*
000PHI 1965–68
000LAL 1968–73
21,486
Wilt Chamberlain*
000PHI 1965–68
000LAL 1968–73
21,486
1965–66

1966–67
Rick Barry*000SFW
2,775
23,442
23,442
1966–67

1967–68
Dave Bing*000DET
2,142
25,434
25,434
1967–68

1968–69
Elvin Hayes*000SDR
2,327
27,098
27,098
1968–69

1969–70
Kareem Abdul-Jabbar*000MIL
2,361
27,426
27,426
1969–70

1970–71
2,596
29,122
29,122
1970–71

1971–72
2,822
30,335
30,335
1971–72

1972–73
Tiny Archibald*000KCO
2,719
31,419
31,419
1972–73

1973–74
Bob McAdoo*000BUF
2,261
Oscar Robertson*000MIL
26,710
1973–74

1974–75
2,831
John Havlicek*000BOS
22,389
1974–75

1975–76
2,427
23,678
1975–76

1976–77
Pete Maravich*000NOJ
2,273
25,073
1976–77

1977–78
George Gervin*000SAS
2,232
26,395
1977–78

1978–79
2,365
Kareem Abdul-Jabbar*
000LAL
22,141
1978–79

1979–80
2,585
24,175
1979–80

1980–81
Adrian Dantley*000UTA
2,452
26,270
1980–81

1981–82
George Gervin*000SAS
2,551
28,088
1981–82

1982–83
Alex English*000DEN
2,326
29,810
1982–83

1983–84
Adrian Dantley*000UTA
2,418
31,527
Kareem Abdul-Jabbar*000LAL
31,527
1983–84

1984–85
Michael Jordan*000CHI
2,313
33,262
33,262
1984–85

1985–86
Alex English*000DEN
2,414
35,108
35,108
1985–86

1986–87
Michael Jordan*000CHI
3,041
36,474
36,474
1986–87

1987–88
2,868
37,639
37,639
1987–88

1988–89
2,633
38,387
38,387
1988–89

1989–90
2,753
Moses Malone*
000ATL 1989–91
000MIL 1991–93
000PHI 1993–94
000SAS 1994–95
24,868
1989–90

1990–91
2,580
25,737
1990–91

1991–92
2,404
27,016
1991–92

1992–93
2,541
27,066
1992–93

1993–94
David Robinson*000SAS
2,383
27,360
1993–94

1994–95
Shaquille O'Neal*000ORL
2,315
27,409
1994–95

1995–96
Michael Jordan*000CHI
2,491
Michael Jordan*000CHI
24,489
1995–96

1996–97
2,431
26,920
1996–97

1997–98
2,357
29,277
1997–98

1998–99
Shaquille O'Neal*000LAL
1,289
Karl Malone*
000UTA 1998–2003
000LAL 2003–04
28,946
1998–99

1999–00
2,344
31,041
1999–00

2000–01
Jerry Stackhouse00DET
2,380
32,919
2000–01

2001–02
Paul Pierce†000BOS
2,144
34,707
2001–02

2002–03
Kobe Bryant†000LAL
2,461
36,374
2002–03

2003–04
Kevin Garnett†000MIN
1,987
36,928
2003–04

2004–05
Allen Iverson*000PHI
2,302
Reggie Miller*000IND
25,279
2004–05

2005–06
Kobe Bryant†000LAL
2,832
Shaquille O'Neal*
000MIA 2005–08
000PHO 2008–09
000CLE 2009–10
000BOS 2010–11
24,764
2005–06

2006–07
2,430
25,454
2006–07

2007–08
2,323
26,286
2007–08

2008–09
Dwyane Wade^000MIA
2,386
27,619
2008–09

2009–10
Kevin Durant^000OKC
2,472
28,255
2009–10

2010–11
2,161
28,596
2010–11

2011–12
1,850
Kobe Bryant†
000LAL
29,484
2011–12

2012–13
2,280
31,617
2012–13

2013–14
2,593
31,700
2013–14

2014–15
James Harden^000HOU
2,217
32,482
2014–15

2015–16
2,376
33,643
2015–16

2016–17
Russell Westbrook^000OKC
2,558
Dirk Nowitzki^000DAL
30,260
2016–17

2017–18
LeBron James^000CLE
2,251
31,187
Abdul-Jabbar*0 35 yrs
38,387
Chamberlain*059 yrs
4,029
2017–18

Season
Year-by-Year Leader
Points
Active Player Points Leader
Total points
Career Points Record
Total points
Single Season Points Record
Points
Season


document_title: List of U.S. states and territories by population density

question_text: with a land area of 54 314 square miles where does wisconsin rank among the 50 states

text: 2015 Density population rank and land area (states, territories, and DC)[edit]

text:
2015 Density by population rank and land area (states, territories, and the District of Columbia)hide

State
Pop. dens.
Rank

Pop. dens.
Rank
50 states
Density
(Pop.
/ mi2)

Density
(Pop.
/ km2)

Pop.
Rank

2015
population
Land
Rank

Land
area
(mi2)
Land
area
(km2)

 District of Columbia
01 !1
— !—
7004110110000000000♠11,011
7003425100000000000♠4,251
50 !50
25 !672,228
56 !56
61.05
158.1

 New Jersey
02 !2
01 !1
7003121800000000000♠1,218
7002470000000000000♠470
11 !11
25 !8,958,013
46 !46
7,354
19,046.8

 Puerto Rico
03 !3
— !—
7003104600000000000♠1,046
7002404000000000000♠404
29 !29
!3,680,058
49 !49
3,515
9,103.8

 Rhode Island
04 !4
02 !2
7003102100000000000♠1,021
7002394000000000000♠394
44 !44
59 !1,056,298
51 !51
1,034
2,678.0

 Massachusetts
05 !5
03 !3
7002871000000000000♠871
7002336000000000000♠336
15 !15
29 !6,794,422
45 !45
7,800
20,201.9

 Guam
06 !6
— !—
7002808000000000000♠808
7002314000000000000♠314
53 !53
!169,885
52 !52
210
543.9

 US Virgin Islands
07 !7
— !—
7002799000000000000♠799
7002308000000000000♠308
54 !54
!106,906
54 !54
133.73
346.4

 Connecticut
08 !8
04 !4
7002741000000000000♠741
7002286000000000000♠286
30 !30
45 !3,590,886
48 !48
4,842
12,540.7

 American Samoa
09 !9
— !—
7002721000000000000♠721
7002279000000000000♠279
55 !55
25 !55,538
55 !55
77
199.4

 Maryland
10 !10
05 !5
7002618000000000000♠618
7002238000000000000♠238
19 !19
33 !6,006,401
42 !42
9,707
25,141.0

 Delaware
11 !11
06 !6
7002485000000000000♠485
7002187000000000000♠187
46 !46
61 !945,934
50 !50
1,949
5,047.9

 New York
12 !12
07 !7
7002420000000000000♠420
7002162000000000000♠162
04 !4
16 !19,795,791
30 !30
47,126
122,055.8

 Florida
13 !13
08 !8
7002378000000000000♠378
7002145000000000000♠145
03 !3
15 !20,271,272
26 !26
53,625
138,888.1

 Northern Mariana Islands
14 !14
— !—
7002307000000000000♠307
7002118000000000000♠118
56 !56
25 !55,070
53 !53
179
463.6

 Pennsylvania
15 !15
09 !9
7002286000000000000♠286
7002110000000000000♠110
06 !6
20 !12,802,503
32 !32
44,743
115,883.8

 Ohio
16 !16
10 !10
7002284000000000000♠284
7002109000000000000♠109
07 !7
21 !11,614,373
35 !35
40,861
105,829.5

 California
17 !17
11 !11
7002251000000000000♠251
7001970000000000000♠97
01 !1
10 !39,144,818
03 !3
155,959.34[5]
403,932.8

 Illinois
18 !18
12 !12
7002231000000000000♠231
7001890000000000000♠89
05 !5
19 !12,859,995
24 !24
55,519
143,793.5

 Hawaii
19 !19
13 !13
7002222000000000000♠222
7001860000000000000♠86
41 !41
56 !1,431,603
47 !47
6,423
16,635.5

 Virginia
20 !20
14 !14
7002212000000000000♠212
7001810000000000000♠81
12 !12
26 !8,382,993
36 !36
39,490.09
102,278.9

 North Carolina
21 !21
15 !15
7002206000000000000♠206
7001790000000000000♠79
09 !9
23 !10,042,802
29 !29
48,617.91
125,919.8

 Indiana
22 !22
16 !16
7002184000000000000♠184
7001710000000000000♠71
16 !16
30 !6,619,680
38 !38
35,826
92,788.9

 Georgia
23 !23
17 !17
7002177000000000000♠177
7001680000000000000♠68
08 !8
22 !10,214,860
21 !21
57,513
148,958.0

 Michigan
24 !24
18 !18
7002175000000000000♠175
7001670000000000000♠67
10 !10
24 !9,922,576
22 !22
56,539
146,435.3

 South Carolina
25 !25
19 !19
7002162000000000000♠162
7001620000000000000♠62
23 !23
37 !4,896,146
40 !40
30,061
77,857.6

 Tennessee
26 !26
20 !20
7002160000000000000♠160
7001610000000000000♠61
17 !17
31 !6,600,299
34 !34
41,235
106,798.2

 New Hampshire
27 !27
21 !21
7002148000000000000♠148
7001570000000000000♠57
42 !42
57 !1,330,608
44 !44
8,953
23,188.2

 Kentucky
28 !28
22 !22
7002112000000000000♠112
7001430000000000000♠43
26 !26
40 !4,425,092
37 !37
39,486
102,268.3

 Louisiana
29 !29
23 !23
7002108000000000000♠108
7001410000000000000♠41
25 !25
39 !4,670,724
33 !33
43,204
111,897.8

 Washington
30 !30
24 !24
7002107000000000000♠107
7001410000000000000♠41
13 !13
27 !7,170,351
20 !20
66,456
172,120.2

 Wisconsin
31 !31
25 !25
7002106000000000000♠106
7001410000000000000♠41
20 !20
34 !5,771,337
25 !25
54,158
140,268.6

 Texas
32 !32
26 !26
7002105000000000000♠105
7001400000000000000♠40
02 !2
12 !27,469,114
02 !2
261,232
676,587.8

 Alabama
33 !33
27 !27
7001950000000000000♠95
7001370000000000000♠37
24 !24
38 !4,858,979
28 !28
50,645
131,169.9

 Missouri
34 !34
28 !28
7001880000000000000♠88
7001340000000000000♠34
18 !18
32 !6,083,672
18 !18
68,742
178,041.0

 West Virginia
35 !35
29 !29
7001760000000000000♠76
7001290000000000000♠29
39 !39
54 !1,844,128
41 !41
24,038
62,258.1

 Minnesota
36 !36
30 !30
7001680000000000000♠68
7001260000000000000♠26
21 !21
35 !5,489,594
14 !14
79,627
206,233.0

 Vermont
37 !37
31 !31
7001670000000000000♠67
7001260000000000000♠26
51 !51
66 !626,042
43 !43
9,217
23,871.9

 Mississippi
38 !38
32 !32
7001630000000000000♠63
7001240000000000000♠24
33 !33
48 !2,992,333
31 !31
46,923
121,530.0

 Arizona
39 !39
33 !33
7001600000000000000♠60
7001230000000000000♠23
14 !14
28 !6,828,065
06 !6
113,594
294,207.1

 Arkansas
40 !40
34 !34
7001570000000000000♠57
7001220000000000000♠22
34 !34
49 !2,978,204
27 !27
52,035
134,770.0

 Oklahoma
41 !41
35 !35
7001570000000000000♠57
7001220000000000000♠22
28 !28
43 !3,911,338
19 !19
68,595
177,660.2

 Iowa
42 !42
36 !36
7001550000000000000♠55
7001210000000000000♠21
31 !31
46 !3,123,899
23 !23
55,857
144,669.0

 Colorado
43 !43
37 !37
7001520000000000000♠52
7001200000000000000♠20
22 !22
36 !5,456,574
08 !8
103,642
268,431.5

 Maine
44 !44
38 !38
7001430000000000000♠43
7001160000000000000♠16
43 !43
58 !1,329,328
39 !39
30,843
79,883.0

 Oregon
45 !45
39 !39
7001410000000000000♠41
7001160000000000000♠16
27 !27
42 !4,028,977
10 !10
95,988
248,607.8

 Utah
46 !46
40 !40
7001360000000000000♠36
7001140000000000000♠14
32 !32
47 !2,995,919
12 !12
82,170
212,819.3

 Kansas
47 !47
41 !41
7001360000000000000♠36
7001140000000000000♠14
35 !35
50 !2,911,641
13 !13
81,759
211,754.8

 Nevada
48 !48
42 !42
7001260000000000000♠26
7001100000000000000♠10
36 !36
51 !2,890,845
07 !7
109,781
284,331.5

 Nebraska
49 !49
43 !43
7001240000000000000♠24
7000900000000000000♠9
38 !38
53 !1,896,190
15 !15
76,824
198,973.2

 Idaho
50 !50
44 !44
7001200000000000000♠20
7000700000000000000♠7
40 !40
55 !1,654,930
11 !11
82,643
214,044.4

 New Mexico
51 !51
45 !45
7001170000000000000♠17
7000600000000000000♠6
37 !37
52 !2,085,109
05 !5
121,298
314,160.4

 South Dakota
52 !52
46 !46
7001110000000000000♠11
7000400000000000000♠4
47 !47
62 !858,469
16 !16
75,811
196,349.6

  North Dakota
53 !53
47 !47
7001100000000000000♠10
7000400000000000000♠4
48 !48
63 !756,927
17 !17
69,001
178,711.8

 Montana
54 !54
48 !48
7000700000000000000♠7
7000200000000000000♠2
45 !45
60 !1,032,949
04 !4
145,546
376,962.4

 Wyoming
55 !55
49 !49
7000600000000000000♠6
7000200000000000000♠2
52 !52
67 !586,107
09 !9
97,093
251,469.7

 Alaska
56 !56
50 !50
7000100000000000000♠1
5000000000000000000♠0
49 !49
64 !738,432
01 !1
570,641
1,477,953.4

text: 2013 Density by states, divisions, regions and territories in square miles and square kilometers[edit]

text:
hideLegend

Division totals – 9 divisions for 50 states and DC

Region totals – 4 regions (2 or 3 divisions each)

Individual territories

Total U.S. Territories

50 states + DC and District of Columbia

Divisions & regions as defined by U.S. Census Bureau

Last col. shows larger region which contains entity in col. 2

text:
2013 Density by states, divisions, regions and territories in square miles and square kilometershide

Rank
State/Territory/
Division/Region
Density
(Pop.
/ mi2)

Density
(Pop.
/ km2)

Geog.
sort

01 !1
65 ! District of Columbia
01 !10,588.8
01 !4,088.4
13 !MdAtl

02 !2
30 ! New Jersey
02 !1,210.1
02 !467.2
08 !MdAtl

03 !3
69 ! Puerto Rico
03 !1,055.9
03 !407.7
66 !Terr.

04 !4
39 ! Rhode Island
04 !1,017.1
04 !392.7
01 !NEng

71 !--
71 !       Territories
05 !991.0
05 !382.6
71 !USA

05 !5
21 ! Massachusetts
06 !858.0
06 !331.3
02 !NEng

06 !6
70 ! U.S. Virgin Islands
07 !792.2
07 !305.9
67 !Terr.

07 !7
67 ! Guam
08 !759.6
08 !293.3
68 !Terr.

08 !8
07 ! Connecticut
09 !742.6
09 !286.7
03 !NEng

09 !9
66 ! American Samoa
10 !726.1
10 !280.4
69 !Terr.

10 !10
20 ! Maryland
11 !610.8
11 !235.8
14 !MdAtl

11 !11
08 ! Delaware
12 !475.1
12 !183.4
15 !MdAtl

12 !12
32 ! New York
13 !417.0
13 !161.0
09 !MdAtl

51 !1
53 !       Mid-Atlantic
14 !416.5
14 !160.8
11 !NEast

13 !13
09 ! Florida
15 !364.6
15 !140.8
16 !SAtl

60 !1
61 !       Northeast
16 !345.5
16 !133.4
12 !USA

14 !14
68 ! Northern Mariana Islands
17 !295.5
17 !114.1
70 !Terr.

15 !15
38 ! Pennsylvania
18 !285.5
18 !110.2
10 !MdAtl

16 !16
35 ! Ohio
19 !283.2
19 !109.3
34 !ENC

17 !17
05 ! California
20 !246.1
20 !95.0
58 !Pac

52 !2
55 !       New England
21 !233.2
21 !90.0
07 !NEast

53 !3
57 !       South Atlantic
22 !233.1
22 !90.0
22 !South

18 !18
13 ! Illinois
23 !232.0
23 !89.6
35 !ENC

19 !19
11 ! Hawaii
24 !218.6
24 !84.4
59 !Pac

20 !20
46 ! Virginia
25 !209.2
25 !80.8
17 !SAtl

21 !21
33 ! North Carolina
26 !202.6
26 !78.2
18 !SAtl

54 !4
51 !       East North Central
27 !192.1
27 !74.2
39 !MWest

22 !22
14 ! Indiana
28 !183.4
28 !70.8
36 !ENC

23 !23
22 ! Michigan
29 !175.0
29 !67.6
37 !ENC

24 !24
10 ! Georgia
30 !173.7
30 !67.1
19 !SAtl

25 !25
40 ! South Carolina
31 !158.8
31 !61.3
20 !SAtl

26 !26
42 ! Tennessee
32 !157.5
32 !60.8
23 !ESC

27 !27
29 ! New Hampshire
33 !147.8
33 !57.1
04 !NEng

61 !2
62 !       South
34 !136.3
34 !52.6
33 !USA

28 !28
17 ! Kentucky
35 !111.3
35 !43.0
24 !ESC

29 !29
18 ! Louisiana
36 !107.1
36 !41.3
28 !WSC

30 !30
49 ! Wisconsin
37 !106.0
37 !40.9
38 !ENC

55 !5
52 !       East South Central
38 !105.0
38 !40.5
27 !South

31 !31
47 ! Washington
39 !104.9
39 !40.5
60 !Pac

32 !32
43 ! Texas
40 !103.1
40 !40.8
29 !WSC

33 !33
01 ! Alabama
41 !95.4
41 !36.9
25 !ESC

62 !3
60 !       Midwest
42 !90.0
42 !34.7
48 !USA

65 !--
64 ! 50 States + DC
43 !89.5
43 !34.6
65 !NAmer

56 !6
59 !       West South Central
44 !89.1
44 !34.4
32 !South

34 !34
25 ! Missouri
45 !87.9
45 !33.9
40 !WNC

35 !35
48 ! West Virginia
46 !77.1
46 !29.8
21 !SAtl

36 !36
23 ! Minnesota
47 !68.1
47 !26.3
41 !WNC

37 !37
45 ! Vermont
48 !68.0
48 !26.3
05 !NEng

38 !38
24 ! Mississippi
49 !63.7
49 !24.6
26 !ESC

39 !39
03 ! Arizona
50 !58.3
50 !22.5
49 !Mtn

57 !7
56 !       Pacific
51 !57.4
51 !22.2
63 !West

40 !40
15 ! Arkansas
53 !56.9
53 !21.8
32 !WSC

41 !41
15 ! Oklahoma
53 !56.1
53 !21.3
32 !WSC

42 !42
15 ! Iowa
54 !54.8
54 !21.2
42 !WNC

43 !43
06 ! Colorado
55 !50.8
55 !19.6
50 !Mtn

63 !4
63 !       West
57 !49.5
57 !19.1
12 !USA

44 !44
19 ! Maine
56 !43.1
56 !16.6
06 !NEng

58 !8
58 !       West North Central
58 !41.1
58 !15.9
47 !MWest

45 !45
37 ! Oregon
59 !40.9
59 !15.8
61 !Pac

46 !46
16 ! Kansas
60 !35.4
60 !13.7
43 !WNC

47 !47
44 ! Utah
61 !35.3
61 !13.6
51 !Mtn

59 !9
54 !       Mountain
62 !26.7
62 !10.3
57 !West

48 !48
28 ! Nevada
63 !25.4
63 !9.8
52 !Mtn

49 !49
27 ! Nebraska
64 !24.3
64 !9.4
44 !WNC

50 !50
12 ! Idaho
65 !19.5
65 !7.5
53 !Mtn

51 !51
31 ! New Mexico
66 !17.2
66 !6.6
54 !Mtn

52 !52
41 ! South Dakota
67 !11.1
67 !4.3
45 !WNC

53 !53
34 !  North Dakota
68 !10.5
68 !4.0
46 !WNC

54 !54
26 ! Montana
69 !7.0
69 !2.7
55 !Mtn

55 !55
50 ! Wyoming
70 !6.0
70 !2.3
56 !Mtn

56 !56
02 ! Alaska
71 !1.3
71 !0.5
62 !Pac


document_title: The Haves and the Have Nots (TV series)

question_text: who plays charles on have and have nots

question_tokens: who plays charles on have and have nots

text: The Haves and the Have Nots (TV series)

text: Series overview[edit]

text: The series follows three families and their lifestyles as they intersect with one another in Savannah, Georgia: the rich, powerful, and locally very public Cryer and Harrington families (dubbed "The Haves")[3] and the poor and destitute Young family (dubbed "The Have Nots"). The Young family is headed by Hanna, a single mother who works as the Cryer family's maid and also serves as the best friend and confidante of the lady of the house, Katheryn.[4] Included as part of The Have Nots is another maid of the Cryer family's, Celine Gonzales. While the Young family versus the Cryer and Harrington families lead polar opposite lifestyles in terms of social class, economics, social status, and surroundings, they are each similar in that they lead exceedingly dysfunctional lifestyles.[5]

text: Each of the three families experience similarly overwhelming hardships and plights. Often, the plights, predicaments, and hardships that the three families encounter are of a juicy, scandalous, and controversial nature. Among the serious issues that have been tackled on the program to date have included: infidelity, cancer, substance abuse, homosexuality, suicide, prostitution, poverty, rape, law/crime, abortion, religion/Christianity, politics, and mental health. All of the main characters in the program have proven to be devious, immoral, vile, or at least nasty in their behaviors at one point or another, if not regularly.[citation needed]

text: The show's cast is multiracial: one of the upper class families are Caucasian American and the other is African American; the poor family is also African American; in addition to this, there is a poor maid who's Hispanic. To that end, when Angela Robinson (the actress who plays Veronica Harrington) was interviewed about her new role on the series in late June 2013, she stated, "This is one of the only shows on television with a diverse cast that looks like America: Black, White, Latino, straight, gay, rich, and poor."[6] The characters are filled with experiences, typically of a serious and shocking nature, that they attempt to keep secret from one another; however, their secrets tend to dramatically come to light when all is said and done.

text: Cast and characters[edit]

text:
Actor
Character
Seasons

1
2
3
4
5
6

Tika Sumpter
Candace Young
Main

Crystal Fox
Hanna Young
Main

Renee Lawless
Katheryn Cryer
Main

Tyler Lepley
Benjamin "Benny" Young
Main

Jaclyn Betham
Amanda Cryer
Main
Does not appear

Aaron O'Connell
Wyatt Cryer
Main

Peter Parros
David Harrington
Main

Angela Robinson
Veronica Harrington
Main

Gavin Houston
Jeffrey Harrington
Main

Eva Tamargo
Celine Gonzales
Main

John Schneider
James "Jim" Cryer
Main

Allison McAtee
Margaret "Maggie" Day
Does not appear
Recurring
Main
Does not appear
Does not appear

Shari Headley
Jennifer Sallison
Does not appear
Recurring
Main
Does not appear
Does not appear

Jon Chaffin
Warlock "War" Lewis
Does not appear
Guest
Recurring
Main
Recurring
Does not appear

Brett Davis
Mitchell "Mitch" Malone
Does not appear
Recurring
Main

Presilah Nunez
Erica
Does not appear
Guest
Main

Danielle Deadwyler
La'Quita "Quita" Maxwell
Does not appear
Guest
Main
Recurring
Guest

Nicholas James
Justin Lewis
Does not appear
Main

Nick Sagar
Charles Frederickson

Main

Antoinette Robertson
Melissa
Does not appear
Recurring
Main

text: The Haves[edit]

text: The Cryer family

text: James "Jim" Cryer (John Schneider):[7] The take-charge but destructively thoughtless patriarch of the Cryer family, and a Savannah criminal courts judge who has his eyes set on becoming Governor of Georgia. A major reason for Jim's rising to where he's at professionally and socioeconomically is because of Katheryn's family. Although a kind-hearted and sensitive man at heart, Jim's urges, vices, greed, and self-preservation often get the better of him and cause him to act rashly, disloyally, destructively inconsiderate, and even abusively as far as his rank and power. Given his position as a wealthy judge in high society, Jim has certain dirty measures at his disposal from which to gain the upper hand on anyone that crosses him. Jim often uses the catchphrase "I'll handle it" as a signal of his taking to such measures. His wife, Katheryn, is all too well aware of his power to gain the upper hand and fight dirty, sometimes even instructing Jim to resort to his foul play tactics by telling him to "handle it."

text: Katheryn Cryer (née Hargrave) (Renee Lawless):[8] Katheryn is Jim's deeply warm, sensitive, caring but highly passive-aggressive wife. Katheryn often displays her anger, hatred, bitterness, and stress in a suppressed but still very detectable fashion. She is filled with melancholy, rancor, and sullen indignation primarily as result of the various trials and tribulations brought upon her as it relates to her family, particularly her husband. Due to Katheryn's overwhelming stress, un-forthcoming nature, and tendency to hold her feelings in, she has been known to express herself in ways that are unhealthy, passive-aggressive, at times even volatile and explosive. Her reputation in the community has been a major reason for her restraint and unhealthy expressions of pent-up rage. A prime example of this is in Katheryn's attempts to keep her bout with breast cancer away from everyone. As a result, she was constantly snapping on her maid, Hanna, but once she finally opened up to Hanna about what was going on, the two developed a close bond.

text: Wyatt Cryer (Aaron O'Connell):[8] Wyatt is the son of Jim and Katheryn. In the first episode, it's learned that Wyatt is so incorrigible in his vices that he's on his third stint in rehab for drug abuse and alcoholism.[5] Wyatt's current rehabilitation program is run by the Harrington family and is on an outpatient basis on the condition that he is monitored 24/7 by Jeffery Harrington.[5]

text: Amanda Cryer (Jaclyn Betham):[8] (Seasons 1–2) Amanda was Jim and Katheryn's naïve college-aged daughter who was friends with her father's mistress, Candace.[5] Until the Season 2 finale, Amanda is unaware that Candace was her father's mistress. Amanda has had issues with self-harm and suicide in the past, having engaged in cutting herself. It has been hinted in the series that the reasons for Amanda's battles with self-harm may stem from some traumatic sex abuse incident from her distant past, involving Wyatt and a priest. Compounded with this, she was raped by Professor Cannon, one of her law school teachers in Season 1's "The Criminal."

text: The Harrington family

text: Veronica Harrington (Angela Robinson):[8] Although refined, composed, and classy on the surface, Veronica (wife of David and mother of Jeffrey) is actually an extremely no-holds-barred, vicious, malicious, cold, calculating, coercive, manipulative, overbearing, antagonistic, and catty snob underneath it all. She's used to delivering zingers in her trademarked cool, calm, collected yet trenchant, stinging, and outwitting fashion. Very obdurate, she has proven to be set in her anti-gay and diabolic ways. Resulting from the character's very one-of-a-kind brand of villainy and vile levels she's proven more than willing to stoop to, Veronica has been advertised by OWN and various media outlets as "The Ice Queen."[9]

text: David Harrington (Peter Parros):[8] David is the level-headed, grim, and gravelly-voiced husband of Veronica and father of Jeffrey who often acts as a voice of reason. He is a judge and is also Jim's business partner and friend. He spends most of his time trying to clean up Jim's messes and cover up for his (Jim's) extramarital affairs as his career path is currently aligned with Jim's. As a result of trying to clean up Jim's messes at every other turn, David has gotten himself into serious plights and predicaments of his own. In an effort to frame Candace to avenge Jim, David unintentionally framed Candace's brother and Hanna's son Benny; consequently, Benny was arrested and incarcerated for drug possession, which resulted in a large, complex mess that David at the center of.

text: Jeffery Harrington (Gavin Houston):[8] Jeffery is David and Veronica's son. He is Wyatt's 24/7 substance abuse counselor in the Harrington family's drug rehab program.[5] Much to Wyatt's displeasure, Jeffery's counseling is full of preachy remarks and frequent urgings for Wyatt to open up about his feelings.

text: The Have Nots[edit]

text: The Young family & Celine Gonzales

text: Candace "Candy" Young (Tika Sumpter):[8] Candace is Hanna's estranged daughter, Benny's older half-sister, and Jim's latest mistress who's less than half his age.[5] She is portrayed as a roguish, crafty jezebel with a very mischievous, flippant, saucy, presumptuous, and extremely nervy attitude.[5] Often, Candace subjugates others through her many forms of manipulation; extortion; low blows; and dirt she's able to obtain on people.[5] Unprincipled and unscrupulous, Candace has pulled many cons; has acted as a prostitute and a mistress; has engaged in elaborate forms of blackmail; etc.

text: Hanna Young (Crystal Fox):[8] Hanna is Benny and Candace's mother, and the Cryer's maid.[5] She raised her two children as a single mother. Hanna is very soulful, religious, nurturing, grandmotherly, persevering, and compassionate, though has a harshly overreactive, draconian, rancorous, virulent, vituperative, and even violent side about her as well.[5] Haggard and long-suffering, she often displays the effects of overwhelming stress, overwork, and worry in her behavior. Still, she is very much a trouper who is uncomplaining, assiduous, and always hard-working. Compounded with this, Hanna is also trustworthy and reliable and can be confided in about anything; this has won her the respect of her superiors and even a close bond with her boss Katheryn.

text: Benjamin "Benny" Young (Tyler Lepley):[8] Benny is Hanna's son and Candace's half-brother. He operates a tow truck company. In comparison to his conniving sister, he is less prone to cause trouble for his mother. Benny is personable, dutiful, and hard-working. He's very tough and overprotective and takes his role as man of the house very seriously, sometimes recklessly and foolhardily so. He has unconditional love and care for his mother and sister and is willing to put his own life on the line to avenge or defend them.

text: Celine Gonzales (Eva Tamargo):[8] (Seasons 1–3) Celine is a former maid in the Cryer home and ex-friend of Hanna.[5] She was originally depicted as a casual, relaxed woman, often fostering a friendly, informal atmosphere. She was also depicted as savvy and well-informed, and gossipy, given to divulging useful inside information about life at the Cryer's to Hanna. However, as time passed on and Hanna appeared to become closer to Katheryn and gain favor within the Cryer household, Celine's demeanor changed: she began to take on more jealous, bullying and antagonistic behaviors, largely towards Hanna and later towards Katheryn as well.

text: Other main characters[edit]

text: These main characters do not appear in the opening sequence like the shows title characters ("The Haves": The Cryers and The Harringtons and "The Have Nots": The Youngs and Celine), but also receive star billing.

text:
D.A. Jennifer Sallison (Shari Headley): (Season 4; recurring seasons 2–3): The district attorney who has been gunning for the Cryers and the Harringtons for some time. After a striking a deal with Wyatt for immunity for both him and Jeffery at the end of Season 3, she finally manages to arrest the Cryer and Harrington families for tampering with evidence and obstruction of justice. She also succeeds in getting Wyatt's inheritance for him, which is sure to anger his parents. In the Season 4 finale, Katheryn pulls out a gun and fatally shoots Jennifer multiple times, thus killing her. It turns out that Jennifer's body was being disposed of by the Malone family, while being wrapped in plastic wrap with a note that says her name and "Cryer Victim". Her body was left at a television system by the Malone's as a way for their head boss and grandmother, Mama Rose, to pressure Jim even harder into tracking down War.
Margaret "Maggie" Day (Allison McAtee): (Season 4; recurring Seasons 2–3) A campaign manager hired by Jim's staff, who has feelings for David. She and her assistant, Landon (whom is attracted to David's son Jeffrey), manage to get David released and he learns of Veronica's infidelity. In the mid-season 4 premiere, she was shot multiple times in the stomach by a gunman, being mistaken as Veronica, whom Jim intended to be killed. David witnesses her and the gunman's bodies covered in sheets at the crime scene of the shooting and mistakes her as Veronica. It was later revealed that Veronica set Maggie up to die herself.
LaQuita "Quita" Maxwell (Danielle Deadwyler): (Season 4; Guest in Season 3; recurring season 5) Quincy's sister who had been watching over Quincy's son before Benny rescued him. She acts as an antagonist throughout the series' run towards several characters, particularly Candace due to the mysterious absence of her brother Quincy.
Justin Lewis (Nicholas James): (Season 4–present) A suspicious officer, who comes to Candace's house, minutes after Quincy had been stabbed, to check out a noise complaint from his mother, Candace's neighbor. At one point, he tries to rape Jeffrey. At another point, he threatens to kill Jeffrey after harassing him. He later becomes more nicer and enters a sexual relationship with Jeffery.
Melissa (Antoinette Robertson): (Season 6-present; recurring, Seasons 2–5) Melissa is a young lady who Veronica set up for Jeffery to date. In season three, she was impregnated by Jeffery after getting him to have sex with her while watching "Gay Porn". In season four, Veronica set up for Jeffery and Melissa to move In together and get married, but Jeffery refused to go along with the plan. In the Season Five Mid-Finale, she attempts suicide in their bed when she learns that her father died from her mother.
Warrick "Warlock/War" Lewis (Jon Chaffin): (Season 4; Guest in Season 2; recurring seasons 3, 5) A friend of Candace, who helps extort money from Jim, but learns that Candace lied about the amount. He becomes the main villain of the show, after Quincy and starts to threaten and verbally and physically abuse Candace, going so far as to threaten to kill Benny and sexually assault Candace against a fence at Benny's tow yard, which Mitch witnesses. Mitch has him thrown in jail, by putting drugs in his car which don't belong to him and he at first thinks it is Candace who set him up. He is unfortunately let of out jail by Jim and on the look out to kill Candace, once again. In the Season 5 mid-finale, it is revealed that he is working with Erica. In the mid-season premiere, Warlock was seen shooting Quincy Jr. in his search for Candace. After Candace learns that War had shot her son, War is found dead by the Malones at their restaurant after Candace had him delivered there.
Mitchell "Mitch" Malone (Brett Davis): (Season 4–present; recurring season 3) A friend of Benny's, who is recruited to work at Benny's new tow truck business. Mitch is later revealed to be related to the Malone crime family, but chooses to live a straight and narrow life. After suspecting War as bad news and witnessing War sexually assault Candace at the tow yard, he protects her and Benny, by throwing War in jail, putting drugs in his car to make it look as if they were his.
Erica (Presilah Nunez): (Season 4–present; guest in season 3) A woman who sold Benny her boyfriend's car after a bad break-up. It turns out that she and Candace are working together. She becomes a love interest to David (originally as a set-up), igniting a feud between her and his wife Veronica. In the Season Five Mid-Finale, it is revealed that she is working with Warlock and hopes for Candace's downfall.
Charles Frederickson (Nick Sager): (Season 5–present) The president-elect and the love interest to Candace, whom she uses to help her get her money back.

text: Recurring characters[edit]

text:
Tony Watson (Patrick Faucette): (Seasons 1–2; Guest in season 3) Tony is Benny's estranged father whom he doesn't find out is his father until it is accidentally revealed by his mom. Benny only knew his as "Mr. Watson", before finding out, because he goes to church with him and Hanna. Hanna had a one-night-stand with Tony, which resulted in her pregnancy with Benny. In the second season, Tony tries to get Benny taken off life support, so that he could have his kidneys, not showing any sincere feelings of remorse and compassion for his son's well-being. In the third season, when Hanna reveals to Benny that Tony tried to take him off life support, Benny had Tony to come over and explain why. Tony, feeling guilty, says he didn't want his son to have to worry about not being able to walk and suffering through pain.
Laura (Susie Abromeit): (Season 1) Laura is Wyatt's longtime girlfriend, who he had not seen since rehab. When she and Wyatt reunites, Jeffery becomes jealous and tries to keep her away, and lies to Wyatt, telling him she's dating someone else, whom she hasn't seen since highschool. Once Jeffery is revealed to Wyatt by Laura, Laura calls out Jeffery for his behavior calling him a mean, cruel person.
Quincy Maxwell (Medina Islam): (Seasons 2–3; Guest in Season 4) Quincy is one of the main antagonists of the Young family. He had once had a relationship with Candace, with whom he produced a child, Quincy Daylon "Q" Young. Hanna doesn't like Quincy because he kept her grandson away from her, and Benny doesn't like Quincy for all the trouble he has caused. Quincy was also known for harassing the Harrington family, after Veronica let him out of prison to wreak havoc on Candace. On Veronica's orders, Quincy beats up her son, Jeffery, because he would not tell him where Candace was. In the third mid-season finale, Benny discovers that Quincy had slapped his mother, tracks him down at a strip club, rams his car into Quincy's, and then proceeds to thrash Quincy for his crimes towards his family. Eventually, Benny again does physical damage to Quincy and finally succeeds in getting his nephew away from his degenerate father and brings him to Hanna. Quincy reappears at his sister's apartment clearly injured and is told that not having Quincy is going to effect her welfare benefits. While there the police show up after she is suspected of child abuse and instead leaves the card of the social worker and doesn't properly check to see if there are other children being abused in her custody. Quincy later appears at the hospital after tracking down the social worker and assaults her while young Q looks on terrified. Then he leaves and security is increased for the next time he shows up, he also, runs a car through Hanna's home burning down the place she has worked all her life to be able to afford. He eventually finds Candace's home and attacks her until he is stabbed to death by both her and Jeffrey after he arrives with the latter delivering the final blow. In the second episode of season 4, he awakes briefly, pleading to Candace for help, who refuses and lets him completely die.
Professor Cannon (Robert Pralgo): (Seasons 1–2; Guest in Season 3) Cannon is Candace and Amanda's law professor. In Season 1's "The Criminal," Cannon agrees to give Amanda a makeup exam after seeing her sexy makeover. Later, he comes by her and Candace's apartment and makes unwelcome advances towards Amanda, even threatening to fail her if she doesn't sleep with him. He then proceeds to rape Amanda. Amanda later takes to stalking Cannon, breaking into his house twice and threatening him with a gun. In their final encounter, Amanda stabs Cannon in his shoulder in broad daylight. In Season 3, Jim and Katheryn finally find out that Cannon raped their daughter and confront the professor. Jim brutally assaults his late daughter's rapist until Katheryn tells him to stop. Later on, Jim orders for Cannon to be killed along with Officer Terrell and Veronica.
Landon (Kristian Kordula): (Season 2–present) Landon is a guy who works at the campaign office and has feelings for Jeffery, who also has feelings for him, but still feels something for Wyatt. He and Jeffery met at a gay bar, in the second season. In season three, Landon sleeps with Jeffery, after Jeffery decides he's free to be whoever he wants to be. In season four, after finding out his Friend/Boss Maggie was murdered at Veronica's house, In the twelfth episode, he lashes out at Jeffery and decides to leave town. He returns later in season five working for Charles.
Byron (Leith Burke): (Season 2; Guest in Season 3) Byron is a homicide detective. He meets Hanna in the second season and becomes one of her close friends. When Hanna finds out that he was working with Jim to protect Wyatt, she become furious with him, and when he shows up at the party, in the third-season premiere she orders him to leave.
Darlene (Dasha Chadwick): (Season 2) is an old friend and classmate of Benny's. She works at the county hospital where Benny was placed to by Katheryn.
Michael (Jerome Brooks): (Seasons 2–3; Guest in Season 4) Michael is the grandfather of Lizzie, The girl killed by Wyatt Cryer. He becomes a close friend to Hanna and they both comfort each other dealing with each other their situation. In The third season, he starts having feelings for Hanna and seduces her into having sex with him, in the third episode of the third season, until being interrupted and caught by Benny who is shown to be horrified and disgusted.
Carlos (Gerald Celasco): (Seasons 2–3) Carlos ls Jim Cryer's estranged son whom he shares with Celine. Carlos reveals to Jim that he is his son in the season 2 finale. He tries to convince his mother that Jim doesn't Love or care about her, Jim or his little brother, but she disagrees and claims that he only loves her and not his wife, Katheryn.
Brandon Wallace / "Oscar" (Philip Boyd): (Season 3–present) Oscar is a strange guy who Candace notices spoting her at the sarandon hotel. He shows interest in Candace and wants to get to know her, but she continues to reject him, until he reveals his life story to her, telling her about his wife's death and how after her death, he would sleep with any woman, to keep from mourning. After this, him and Candace have sex and both start to fall in love with each other. When Candace realizes she has no money in her Bank account, she confronts him about it and he shows his true colors and admits that he took the money and only used her for sex, which breaks her heart. As she attempts to right him, Quincy comes in and fights him off of her, and he then runs away.
Pearl (Maree Cheatham): (Season 4–present): Pearl is Justin's mother and Candace's nosy neighbor who lives in front of her and watched everything that goes on. She also revealed that she saw Quincy go into Candace's house and never come out.
Alliyah Delong (Yaani King): (Seasons 3–4) Alliyah Delong is a social worker for Child welfare. She helps Hanna get custody of Quincy Jr. much to Candace's dismay. When Candace suspects Alliyah of working for Oscar, she calls her friend Erica over so that they can both confront her. When Alliyah claims she doesn't know anything about Oscar or about him giving her money, Candace and Erica begin to beat her up, until she tells the truth. She then admits that Oscar gave her 25 Thousand Dollars. Candace orders Alliyah to give her the money back and give her custody of her son Quincy Jr.
Daylon (Quincy Brown): (Season 4) A friend of Quita who helps her try to track down Quincy. He and Quita get arrested after getting caught breaking into Candace's house.

text: Reception[edit]

text: Critical response[edit]

text: This section is empty. You can help by adding to it. (December 2016)

text: Angela Robinson (Veronica Harrington)[edit]

text: As a central and very one-of-a-kind antagonist in the program, the "Veronica Harrington" character has drawn increasing attention in the media, promoted as "the ice queen with ice water running through her veins." An NBC News article characterized the character as an "insecure woman that everyone loves to hate" and "a bougie buppie, diabolical diva who slept her way to the top of Savannah's high society."[9]

text: In August 2015, the Broadway veteran actress playing the role, Angela Robinson, was dubbed by an NBC News article as "Tyler Perry's breakout star" from her role in The Haves and The Have Nots. Described in her on-air role as a " villainess," she was hailed as "slowly becoming a household name and gaining a cult-like following from the hit series." The actress was reported as becoming choked up in an August 2015 conference call when a journalist asked her: "How does it feel being the most hated (black female character) on prime time television this summer?" The actress was reported as having to take a moment to compose herself before answering the question.[9]

text: Ratings and broadcast history[edit]

text: The Haves and the Have Nots premiered on Tuesday, May 28, 2013, at 9/8c on the Oprah Winfrey Network.[3] The Haves and the Have Nots is the first scripted television series to air on OWN.[10] Both the show's first and second episodes aired back to back on its premiere night. Each episode of the series runs for an hour (42 minutes plus commercials).

text: The Haves and the Have Nots set a record for OWN, scoring the highest ratings ever for a series premiere on the network.[11][12] During the show's first season, The Haves and the Have Nots received numerous widely publicized series highs in ratings, including with its July 30 episode, its August 6 episode,[13][14] its August 13 episode,[15] its August 27 episode, and most notably with its season 1 finale on September 3.[16] The season 1 finale of The Haves And the Have Nots was the third most watched telecast in OWN history, bested only by an interview with Whitney Houston's daughter Bobbi Kristina and episodes of Oprah's Next Chapter featuring Lance Armstrong.[17]

text: Within its first season alone, Variety had recognized The Haves and the Have Nots as "OWN's most popular series to date."[18] Also within only its first season, The Haves and the Have Nots had been critically acclaimed as being "one of OWN's biggest success stories with its weekly dose of soapy fun, filled with the typical betrayals, affairs, manipulations and a bitch slap or two."[19] Recognizing the show's increasing popularity, OWN renewed the drama series for a 2nd season midway into the first season. The 2nd season was originally to consist of 16 episodes and bring the series to 32 in total by the completion of season 2;[20] however on August 21, it was announced that the network had ordered 4 additional episodes for the 2nd season, which will bring the series to 36 episodes in total by season 2's completion.[21]

text: Season 2 of The Haves and the Have Nots premiered on Tuesday, January 7, 2014.[22] Continuing on with its ratings records from season 1, the show debuted its 2nd season with series and network high ratings.[23] Throughout season 2, the soap has achieved several more series highs. On February 4, 2014, for example, the drama series came in as the most watched television program in all of cable television with an estimated 3.4 million viewers.[24] Among all of OWN programming since the network's January 2011 debut, only a March 2012 Oprah's Next Chapter interview with Bobbi Kristina has drawn more viewers (3.5 million) than the February 4, 2014 episode of The Haves and the Have Nots.[25] The Haves and the Have Nots episode in question is "Why Didn't You Tell Me?" On Tuesday, March 11, 2014, however, the mid-season 2 finale of The Haves and the Have Nots set a record for all of OWN programming, scoring the highest ratings in the station's history. The record-breaking episode brought in 3.6 million viewers, surpassing the 3.5 million that tuned in for Oprah Winfrey's interview with Bobbi Kristina.[25] Not only was the episode the most watched broadcast in all of OWN history but it came in at number 1 among all of cable television and number 4 among all shows on television for its airing night.[24] Season 3 premiered on January 6, 2015. Production of season 3 began in August 2014[26] following a 25 episode order[27] which will bring the episode count to 61 through 2015.

text: In May 2015, it was reported that the 3rd season of "The Haves and the Have Nots" was primetime's #1 original cable series among African-American women and total viewers, regularly attracting more than three million viewers.[28]

text: Awards and nominations[edit]

text:
Year
Award
Category
Nominee
Result
Ref

2015

Gracie Awards

Outstanding Female Actor — One to Watch
Angela Robinson
Won

[29]