document_title: Ventricular system

question_text: where does cerebrospinal fluid flow to when it exits the cerebral aqueduct

text: Ventricular system

text: Structure[edit]

text: The system comprises four ventricles:

text:
lateral ventricles right and left (one for each hemisphere)
third ventricle
fourth ventricle

text: There are several foramina, openings acting as channels, that connect the ventricles. The interventricular foramina (also called the foramina of Monro) connect the lateral ventricles to the third ventricle through which the cerebrospinal fluid can flow.

text:
Name
From
To

interventricular foramina (Monro)
lateral ventricles
third ventricle

cerebral aqueduct (Sylvius)
third ventricle
fourth ventricle

median aperture (Magendie)
fourth ventricle
subarachnoid space via the cisterna magna

right and left lateral aperture (Luschka)
fourth ventricle
subarachnoid space via the cistern of great cerebral vein

text: Ventricles[edit]

text: The four cavities of the human brain are called ventricles.[1] The two largest are the lateral ventricles in the cerebrum; the third ventricle is in the diencephalon of the forebrain between the right and left thalamus; and the fourth ventricle is located at the back of the pons and upper half of the medulla oblongata of the hindbrain. The ventricles are concerned with the production and circulation of cerebrospinal fluid[2]

text: Development[edit]

text: The structures of the ventricular system are embryologically derived from the neural canal, the centre of the neural tube.

text: As the part of the primitive neural tube that will develop into the brainstem, the neural canal expands dorsally and laterally, creating the fourth ventricle, whereas the neural canal that does not expand and remains the same at the level of the midbrain superior to the fourth ventricle forms the cerebral aqueduct. The fourth ventricle narrows at the obex (in the caudal medulla), to become the central canal of the spinal cord.

text: In more detail, around the third week of development, the embryo is a three-layered disc. The embryo is covered on the dorsal surface by a layer of cells called ectoderm. In the middle of the dorsal surface of the embryo is a linear structure called the notochord. As the ectoderm proliferates, the notochord is dragged into the middle of the developing embryo. The notochord becomes a canal within the embryo known as the neural canal.[3]

text: As the brain develops, by the fourth week of embryological development several swellings have formed within the embryo around the canal, near where the head will develop. These swellings represent different components of the central nervous system, and are three in number: the prosencephalon, mesencephalon and rhombencephalon. These in turn divide into five sections. As these sections develop around the neural canal, the inner neural canal becomes known as primitive ventricles. These form the ventricular system of the brain:[3] The neural stem cells of the developing brain, principally radial glial cells, line the developing ventricular system in a transient zone called the ventricular zone.[4]

text:
The prosencephalon divides into the telencephalon, which forms the cortex of the developed brain, and the diencephalon. The ventricles contained within the telencephalon become the lateral ventricles, and the ventricles within the diencephalon become the third ventricle.
The rhombencephalon divides into a metencephalon and myelencephalon. The ventricles contained within the rhombencephalon become the fourth ventricle, and the ventricles contained within the mesencephalon become the aqueduct of Sylvius.

text: Separating the anterior horns of the lateral ventricles is the septum pellucidum: a thin, triangular, vertical membrane which runs as a sheet from the corpus callosum down to the fornix. During the third month of fetal development, a space forms between two septal laminae, known as the cave of septum pellucidum (CSP), which is a marker for fetal neural maldevelopment. During the fifth month of development, the laminae start to close and this closure completes from about three to six months after birth. Fusion of the septal laminae is attributed to rapid development of the alvei of the hippocampus, amygdala, septal nuclei, fornix, corpus callosum and other midline structures. Lack of such limbic development interrupts this posterior-to-anterior fusion, resulting in the continuation of the CSP into adulthood.[5]

text: Function[edit]

text: Flow of cerebrospinal fluid[edit]

text: The ventricles are filled with cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) which bathes and cushions the brain and spinal cord within their bony confines. CSF is produced by modified ependymal cells of the choroid plexus found in all components of the ventricular system except for the cerebral aqueduct and the posterior and anterior horns of the lateral ventricles. CSF flows from the lateral ventricles via the interventricular foramina into the third ventricle, and then the fourth ventricle via the cerebral aqueduct in the brainstem. From the fourth ventricle it can pass into the central canal of the spinal cord or into the subarachnoid cisterns via three small foramina: the central median aperture and the two lateral apertures.

text: The fluid then flows around the superior sagittal sinus to be reabsorbed via the arachnoid granulations (or arachnoid villi) into the venous sinuses, after which it passes through the jugular vein and major venous system. CSF within the spinal cord can flow all the way down to the lumbar cistern at the end of the cord around the cauda equina where lumbar punctures are performed.

text: The cerebral aqueduct between the third and fourth ventricles is very small, as are the foramina, which means that they can be easily blocked.

text: Protection of the brain[edit]

text: The brain and spinal cord are covered by the meninges, the three protective membranes of the tough dura mater, the arachnoid mater and the pia mater. The cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) within the skull and spine provides further protection and also buoyancy, and is found in the subarachnoid space between the pia mater and the arachnoid mater.

text: The CSF that is produced in the ventricular system is also necessary for chemical stability, and the provision of nutrients needed by the brain. The CSF helps to protect the brain from jolts and knocks to the head and also provides buoyancy and support to the brain against gravity. (Since the brain and CSF are similar in density, the brain floats in neutral buoyancy, suspended in the CSF.) This allows the brain to grow in size and weight without resting on the floor of the cranium, which would destroy nervous tissue.[6][7]

text: Clinical significance[edit]

text: The narrowness of the cerebral aqueduct and foramina means that they can become blocked, for example, by blood following a hemorrhagic stroke. As cerebrospinal fluid is continually produced by the choroid plexus within the ventricles, a blockage of outflow leads to increasingly high pressure in the lateral ventricles. As a consequence, this commonly leads in turn to hydrocephalus. Medically one would call this post-haemorrhagic acquired hydrocephalus, but is often referred to colloquially by the layperson as "water on the brain". This is an extremely serious condition regardless of the cause of blockage. An endoscopic third ventriculostomy is a surgical procedure for the treatment of hydrocephalus in which an opening is created in the floor of the third ventricle using an endoscope placed within the ventricular system through a burr hole. This allows the cerebrospinal fluid to flow directly to the basal cisterns, thereby bypassing any obstruction. A surgical procedure to make an entry hole to access any of the ventricles is called a ventriculostomy. This is done to drain accumulated cerebrospinal fluid either through a temporary catheter or a permanent shunt.

text: Other diseases of the ventricular system include inflammation of the membranes (meningitis) or of the ventricles (ventriculitis) caused by infection or the introduction of blood following trauma or haemorrhage (cerebral haemorrhage or subarachnoid haemorrhage).

text: During embryogenesis in the choroid plexus of the ventricles, choroid plexus cysts can form.

text: The scientific study of CT scans of the ventricles in the late 1970s gave new insight into the study of mental disorders. Researchers found that individuals with schizophrenia had (in terms of group averages) larger than usual ventricles. This became the first "evidence" that schizophrenia was biological in origin and led to a renewed interest in its study via the use of imaging techniques. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) has superseded the use of CT in research in the role of detecting ventricular abnormalities in psychiatric illness.

text: Whether the enlarged ventricles is a cause or a result of schizophrenia has not yet been established. Enlarged ventricles are also found in organic dementia and have been explained largely in terms of environmental factors.[8] They have also been found to be extremely diverse between individuals, such that the percentage difference in group averages in schizophrenia studies (+16%) has been described as "not a very profound difference in the context of normal variation" (ranging from 25% to 350% of the mean average).[9]

text: The cave of septum pellucidum has been loosely associated with schizophrenia,[10] post-traumatic stress disorder,[11] traumatic brain injury,[12] as well as with antisocial personality disorder.[5] CSP is one of the distinguishing features of individuals displaying symptoms of dementia pugilistica.[13]

text: Additional images[edit]

text:
Transverse dissection showing the ventricles of the brain.

View of ventricles.

Scheme showing relations of the ventricles to the surface of the brain.

Drawing of a cast of the ventricular cavities, viewed from above.

View of ventricles and choroid plexus


document_title: Nil Darpan

question_text: who translated the play neel darpan into english

root

text: Nil Darpan

text: Critical summary[edit]

text: The play was received with mixed results upon its release. The play was translated by Reverend J.Long for which he was sentenced to prison and charged with sedition.[2]

tag: p

text: "I PRESENT" The Indigo Planting Mirror "to the Indigo Planters' hands; now, let every one of them, having observed his face, erase the freckle of the stain of selfishness from his forehead, and, in its stead, place on it the sandal powder of beneficence, then shall I think my labour success".

text: It was evident from this wish that it is a piece meant to raise a voice among the elite intellectuals of Kolkata so that the farmers revolt will be integrated with the urban thinkers. Unlike the Sepoy Revolt, the Indigo revolt is effectively a revolt integrating the whole population of Bengalis with no distance kept between the several classes of society, which can be attributed to the effort by Mitra and Rev. James Long and Michael Madhusudan Dutt.

text: Indian literature has a long-standing tradition of drama writing. Almost for a millennium the only form of literature other than odes was drama. The distinction of the genre of Sanskrit Drama by the luminaries like Kalidasa were strong enough to keep the millions absorbed for centuries. But it was coming at a dwan by the mid 1800 in Bengal where the Bengal Renaissance say the rise in western education and ideas, and therefore the styles of new forms of literature were seeping in.[3] For example, Ram Narayan Tarkaratna (1823–1885) had already left the Sanskrit tradition and started writing about social realism.[3] The drama is markedly different from the earlier dramas of that period, notably the first modern drama written in Bengali by Ram Narayan still had the old sadhu bhasa the artificial sanskritised dialect of modern Bengali as the writing medium.

text: The characters in the drama are the villagers and the indigo planters who got the money and the law in their hand.

text: Characters (চরিত্রসমূহ)[edit]

text:
GOKUL CHUNDER BASU, a rich farmer. (গোলক চন্দ্র বসু, একজন সম্পন্ন চাষি)
NOBIN MADHAB, son of Gokul Chunder Basu. (নবীন মাধব, গোলক বসুর বড় ছেলে)
BINDU MADHAB, son of Gokul Chunder Basu. (বিন্দু মাধব, গোলক বসুর ছোট ছেলে)
SADHU CHURN, a neighbouring Ryot. (সাধু চরণ, গোলকের প্রতিবেশি রাইয়ত)
RAY CHURN, Sadhu'a brother. (রাই চরণ, সাধু চরণের ছোট ভাই)
Gopi Nath, The Dewan. (গোপীনাথ, নীলকরের দেওয়ান)
Torap, A heroic figure.(তোরাপ, একজন প্রতিবাদী চরিত্র)
Indigo Planters. নীলকর :
J. J. WOOD. (জ়ে জ়ে ঊড, প্রধান নীলকর)
P. P. ROSE J. (পি পি রোগ, উডের ছেলে)
THE AJVIIN OR LAND MEASURER. (জমির পরিমাপকারী)
AMIN KHALASI, a Tent-pitcher. (আমিন খালাসী, নীল সংগ্রাহক)
TAIDGIR Native Superintendent of Indigo Cultivation.
Magistrate, Amla, Attorney, Deputy Inspector, pundit, Keeper of the Gaol, Doctor, a Cow-keeper, a Native Doctor, Four Boys, a Latyal or Club-man, and a Herdsman.

tag: ul

text:
SABITRI Wife of Gokul Chunder. (সাবিত্রী, গোলক বসুর স্ত্রী)
SOIRINDRI,  Wife of Nobin. (সৌরিন্দ্রী, নবীন মাধবের স্ত্রী)
SARALOTA Wife of Bindu Madhab. (সরলতা, বিন্দু মাধবের স্ত্রী)
REBOTI Wife of Sadhu Churn. (রেবতী, সাধু চরণের স্ত্রী)
KHETROMANI Daughter of Sadhu+Reboti. (ক্ষেত্রমনি, সাধুচরণ ও রেবতীর মেয়ে)
ADURI Maid-servant in Gokul Chunder's house. (আদুরি, গোলকের বাড়ির কাজের মেয়ে)
PODI MOYRANI A Sweetmeat Maker. (পদী ময়রানী, বিনোদনকারিনী, রোগ সাহেবের সহচরী)

text: Legacy[edit]

text: The legacy of black humor in the play is well shared by contemporary dramatists like Michael Madhusudan Dutt and Girish Chandra Ghosh. It was also important in development of the chalit bhasa, or colloquial dialect, which is free of the Sanskrit influenced Sadhu bhasa.

text: The trial of Nil Durpan[edit]

text: The proceedings of the trial of Reverend Mr. James Long first appeared in the second Edition (India) of the English version of the play, Nil Durpan (transcribed as Neel Darpan or Nil Darpan). It included all the relevant documents and comments of the Indian and British Newspapers. It was published in 1903 by Messers A. N. ANDINI and Co., Calcutta. Mr. Kumud Bihari Bose compiled it under the title: The Trial of the Rev. James Long and the Drama of Nil Durpan with "Indigo Planters and all about them" as a sub title.[4] The play, Nil Durpan, dealt with the upheaval between the Indigo planters and Indian Rioters in different parts of Bengal, Bihar and U.P. This conflict gave rise to the rift and division between the different classes of the society and between the different sections of the Government as well.

text: Background of the trial of the play Nil Darpan[edit]

text: James Long believed that the British mercantile community and even the Government unjustly and oppressively treated the Indigo cultivators. His view concurred with Dinabandhu Mitra who expressed his sentiments in a play entitled Nil Darpan (the original Bengali play was written by him) and published anonymously from Dhaka in 1860. Mitra sent Long a copy of the play as early as 1861. Long brought it to the notice of W. S Seton-Karr, Secretary to the Governor of Bengal and ex-President of the Indigo Commission. Seton-Karr, sensing its importance, mentioned Nil Durpan in conversation with the Lieutenant Governor, Grant.Grant expressed a wish to see a translation of it and print a few copies to be circulated privately amongst friends. After the discussion, Seton-Karr asked Long to arrange for a translation of the play in English. Michael Madhusudan Dutta translated it under the supervision of Long. Long as the editor cut out some coarse passages and wrote a short prefatory note for the play. When the translation was complete, Seton-Karr ordered printing of five hundred copies in lieu of Grant's wish of a few copies. Then Long sent the translated manuscripts to Clement Henry Manuel, the proprietor of the Calcutta Printing and Publishing Press to print five hundred copies and the cost came to around Rs.300. It was published in April or May 1861. Unknown to the Lieutenant Governor, Long began sending out the copies in official Government envelopes that had the heading: "on her Majesty's Service".[5] The translation revealed the nature of the oppression against the indigo planters. It naturally offended the establishment of the play so much that a razing propaganda was started by the Anglo-Indian Press against the publisher and the translator. One of the leading newspapers named The Englishmen and some indigo planters instituted a libel suit against Long and the printer- C. H. Manuel. The words mentioned in Long's Introduction to the play stated that what was presented in it was "plain but true". This was subsequently used by the planters in their prosecution of Long for publishing defamatory statements.

text: Counsel (acting on Long's advice) named Long as the one responsible as Long had given Manuel a copy of the play for publication.

text: The planters filed for only nominal damages even as they had decided to prosecute Long for libel in a criminal suit.

text: Friday, 19 July 1861 was fixed as the first date for the trial and it lasted from then to 24 July, at the Calcutta Supreme Court. It was regarded as the first of the "state trial of India under the Empire". Mr. Peterson and Mr. Cowie were prosecuted. Mr. Eglinton and Mr. Newmarch appeared on behalf of the defendant. Sir Mordunt Wells presided as the Judge.

text: It is true that it becomes difficult to censor any literary work when it becomes so available in the public domain. That is why it became very urgent to find out the list of people who had the books after its printing. The issue of finding out the list was the concern for the first day of trial on 19 July 1861. The list given in at the trial contained the number of copies that had been issued was said to be two hundred and two.

text: The agenda for the days of 20 to 24 July was to justify the two counts brought against James Long. The first count referred to a libel or the supposed libel against the two leading newspapers named the Englishman and Hurkaru published from the city of Kolkata. These two papers were alluded to in the preface of the play, Nil Durpan:

text: The Editors of two daily newspapers are filling their columns with your praises; and whatever other people may think, you never enjoy pleasure from it, since you know fully the reason of their so doing. What surprising power of attraction silver has! The detestable Judas gave the great preacher of the Christian religion, Jesus and others, into the hands of Odious Pilate for the sake of thirty rupees; what wonder then, if the proprietors of two newspapers, becoming enslaved by the hope of gaining one thousand rupees, throw the poor helpless of this land into the terrible grasp of your mouths.[6] Being aggrieved, Mr. Brett, the managing proprietor and formerly joint editor of the Englishman, brought a criminal prosecution against James Long. He claimed that the implied meanings of the allusions were defamatory because the extract symbolises, they wrote for reward from the indigo planters and not otherwise.

text: The second count which concerned the interests of the society at large was the alleged libel against that portion of the community called as the indigo planters of Lower Bengal.

text: Sir Mordunt Wells accused Long of slandering the European women in the Nil Durpan the question of shame was brought up through the episode of a woman riding on horseback with Magistrate of Zillah through the village)as well as injuring the reputation of every European in the country by calling Planter or Civilian or Soldier.The fictitious characters named Mr. Wood and Mr. Rose in the play represent the indigo planters. This also became a reason for attacking Long.

text: Bibliography[edit]

text:
Dinabandhu Mitra: Nil Durpan or the Indigo Planting Mirror, translated by Michael Madhusudan Dutt, edited by Sudhi Pradhan and Sailesh Sen Gupta (Calcutta: Paschimbanga Natya Academy, 1997)
Geoffrey A. Oddie, chapter Eight, The Aftermath: Nil Durpan, Trial and Imprisonment, Missionaries, Rebellion and Proto-Nationalism: James Long of Bengal 1814–87 (London: Routledge, 1999)
Nurul Hossain Choudhury, "James Rev. Long", Banglapedia.


document_title: Original jurisdiction of the Supreme Court of the United States

question_text: the supreme court only have original jurisdiction in two kinds of cases

text: Authority[edit]

text: The relevant constitutional clause states:

text: In all Cases affecting Ambassadors, other public Ministers and Consuls, and those in which a State shall be Party, the supreme Court shall have original Jurisdiction. In all the other Cases before mentioned, the supreme Court shall have appellate Jurisdiction, both as to Law and Fact, with such Exceptions, and under such Regulations as the Congress shall make.

text: Certain cases that have not been considered by a lower court may be heard by the Supreme Court in the first instance under what is termed original jurisdiction. The Supreme Court's authority in this respect is also derived from Article III of the Constitution, which states that the Supreme Court shall have original jurisdiction "in all cases affecting ambassadors, other public ministers and consuls, and those in which a state shall be party." The original jurisdiction of the Court is set forth in 28 U.S.C. § 1251. This statute provides further that, in the case of disputes between two or more states, the Supreme Court holds both original and exclusive jurisdiction and no lower court may hear such cases.

text: In one of its earliest cases, Chisholm v. Georgia,[2] the Court found this jurisdiction to be self-executing, so that no further Congressional action was required to permit the Court to exercise it.[3]

text: The constitutional grant of original jurisdiction to the Supreme Court can not be expanded by statute. In the case of Marbury v. Madison,[4] the newly elected President, Thomas Jefferson, ordered his acting Secretary of State not to deliver commissions for appointments that had been made by his predecessor, John Adams. One of these appointees, William Marbury, filed a petition for a writ of mandamus directly in the Supreme Court, on the jurisdictional grounds that the Judiciary Act of 1789 stated that the Supreme Court "shall have power to issue writs of prohibition to the district courts [...] and writs of mandamus [...] to any courts appointed, or persons holding office, under the authority of the United States". The Court, in its first exercise of judicial review over a statute enacted by Congress, held that this grant of power to the Supreme Court was beyond what the Constitution permitted, and that this language was therefore invalid as unconstitutional.[5][1]

text: Cases[edit]

text: The number of cases heard pursuant to the court's original jurisdiction "has always been a minute portion of its overall caseload",[1] generally including only one or two such cases per term.

text: Between 1789 and 1959, the Court issued written opinions in only 123 original cases. Since 1960, the Court has received fewer than 140 motions for leave to file original cases, nearly half of which were denied a hearing.[1]

text: Most of these cases have disputes over state boundaries and water rights. The Court has tended to decline other kinds of cases arising from disputes between the states.[1]

text: Examples of such cases include United States v. Texas,[6] a case to determine whether a parcel of land belonged to the United States or to Texas, and Virginia v. Tennessee,[7] a case turning on whether an incorrectly drawn boundary between two states can be changed by a state court, and whether the setting of the correct boundary requires Congressional approval. Two other original jurisdiction cases involve colonial era borders and rights under navigable waters in New Jersey v. Delaware,[8] and water rights between riparian states upstream of navigable waters in Kansas v. Colorado.[9]

text: Procedure[edit]

text: Because the nine-member Supreme Court is not well-suited to conducting pretrial proceedings or trials, original jurisdiction cases accepted by the Court are typically referred to a well-qualified lawyer or lower-court judge to serve as special master, conduct the proceedings, and report recommendations to the Court. The Court then considers whether to accept the special master's report or whether to sustain any exceptions filed to the report.

text: Although it has not happened since 1794 in the case of Georgia v. Brailsford,[10][11] parties in an action at law in which the Supreme Court has original jurisdiction may request that a jury determine issues of fact.[12]

text: In 1950, in the case United States v. Louisiana,[13] the state of Louisiana moved for a jury trial, but the Court denied the motion, ruling that the suit was an equity action and not an action at law, and that therefore the Seventh Amendment guarantee of a jury trial did not apply. If a matter involving an action at law did come before the court, however, a jury might be empaneled. The Court noted in a footnote in the decision that under 28 U.S.C. 1872: "In all original actions at law in the Supreme Court against citizens of the United States, issues of fact shall be tried by a jury."[13] However, it did not decide whether the statute and the Seventh Amendment required such a jury.[13]


document_title: Colon Street

question_text: what is the oldest street in the philippines

text: Colon Street

text: Colon Street is a historical street in downtown Cebu City that is often called the oldest and the shortest national road in the Philippines. It is named after Cristóbal Colón (Christopher Columbus).[citation needed] It traces its origins to the town plan by Miguel Lopez de Legazpi, the Spanish conquistador who arrived in the Philippines to establish a colony in 1565.[citation needed]

text: Colon, crowded and a bit run-down now, was the site of fashionable shops, offices, and movie houses. It was once the heart of Cebu City's shopping and business activity, but in recent years (specifically during the early 1990s), much of this activity has shifted inland to the more modern, bigger and diverse commercial and business districts now spread in almost all of the urban areas of the city in what was considered residential and leisure settlements.[1]

text: In 2006 the Cebu City Council proposed a plan to close parts of Colon street from vehicular traffic and convert it to a tourism zone.[2] However, this was met with much opposition from businessmen and motorists due to concerns regarding security and parking spaces.[3]


document_title: List of best-selling music artists

question_text: who is the most selling music artist of all time

text: List of best-selling music artists

text: Definitions

text: All artists included on this list, which have begun charting on official albums or singles charts have their available claimed figures supported by at least 20% in certified units. That is why Cliff Richard, Diana Ross, Scorpions, Charles Aznavour, Bing Crosby, Gloria Estefan, Deep Purple, Iron Maiden, Tom Jones, The Jackson 5, Dionne Warwick, the Spice Girls, Luciano Pavarotti, Dolly Parton, Ozzy Osbourne, Andrea Bocelli and others have not been included on this list. The more recent the artist, the higher the required percentage of certified units, so artists such as Rihanna, Taylor Swift, Flo Rida, Katy Perry, Justin Bieber, Adele, Lady Gaga, Bruno Mars and Nicki Minaj are expected to have their claimed figures supported by over 75% in certified units. The certified units are sourced from available online databases of local music industry associations. All certified units are converted from Gold/Platinum/Diamond certification awards based on criteria provided by certifying bodies. The certified sales percentage varies according to the first year that an artist appeared in the charts.[a]

text: The requirements of certified sales are designed to avoid inflated sales figures, which are frequently practiced by record companies for promotional purposes.[1][2] The claimed figures are referenced from online articles created by highly reliable sources. For clarity, the sources used, say the term "records" (singles, albums, videos) and not "albums". However, if all available sources for an artist or band say "albums", such sources are only used if the certified album units of the said artist meet the required percentage amount. This list uses claimed figures that are closest to artists' available certified units: inflated claimed figures that meet the required certified units amount but are unrealistically high, are not used.

text: The claimed figures are upgraded only when there is a significant progress in artists' certified sales. In other words, the available certified sales for each artist should get relatively closer to already listed claimed figure in order for higher figures to replace the listed ones.

text: The certified sales of the newer artists may sometimes be higher than their listed claimed figures. This is because Recording Industry Association of America and almost all other certifying bodies count streaming towards Gold and Platinum thresholds required for Digital Single Award certification.[3][4][5] For this reason, some singles and even albums get over certified by hundreds of thousands of units. The over certified figures, however, are often in millions of units for RIAA certifications, one such example is Rihanna's single "We Found Love", which is certified at nine times Platinum by the RIAA, yet during the time of the certification, it had sold 5.4 million downloads.[6][7]

text: The certified sales for some artists/bands who have multi-disc albums can be higher than their listed claimed figures due to Recording Industry Association of America (RIAA) counting each unit within set as one unit toward certification.

text: Artists by reputed sales

text: 250 million or more records

text:
The Beatles

Elvis Presley

Michael Jackson

Madonna

Elton John

Led Zeppelin

Pink Floyd

text:
To ensure the highest level of fact checking and editorial control, this list sources sales figures to news organizations and highly regarded music industry related organizations such as MTV, VH1, Billboard and Rolling Stone.
The figures of total certified units within the table below are based on certified units of albums, singles (including digital downloads) and videos.
Markets' order within the table is based on Retail Value: each market generates respectively, the largest market at the top and smallest at the bottom.[8][9]

text:
Artist
Country / Market
Period active
Release year of first charted record
Genre
Total certified units
(from available markets)[b]
Claimed sales

The Beatles
United Kingdom
1960–1970[10]
1962[10]
Rock / Pop[10]
7002271100000000000♠

Total available certified units: 271.1 million [show]

US: 212.250 million[11]
JPN: 4.950 million[b][12]
UK: 18.045 million[b][13]
GER: 8 million[b][14]
FRA: 3.890 million[b][15][16]
CAN: 14.455 million[b][17]
AUS: 3.060 million[b][18][19]
ITA: 355,000[b][20]
BRA: 550,000[b][21]
SWE 485,000[b][22]
SPA: 1.250 million[b][23][24]
SWI: 350,000[b][25]
BEL: 265,000[b][26][27]
ARG: 1.606 million[b][28][29]
DEN: 270,000[b][30][31]
AUT: 500,000[b][32]
POL: 175,000[b][33]
NZ: 660,000[b][34][35]

600 million[36][37]
500 million[38]

Elvis Presley
United States
1954–1977[39]
1954[39]
Rock and roll / Pop / Country[39]
7002212400000000000♠

Total available certified units: 212.4 million [show]

US: 188.650 million[11]
JPN: 300,000[b][12]
UK: 13.145 million[b][13]
GER: 1.2 million[b][14]
FRA: 2.590 million[b][15][16]
CAN: 2.925 million[b][17]
AUS: 1.587 million[b][18]
ITA: 105,000[b][20]
BRA: 125,000[b][21]
SWE 380,000[b][22]
SPA: 300,000[b][23][40][41]
MEX: 105,000[b][42][43]
SWI: 185,000[b][25]
BEL: 115,000[b][26][27]
ARG: 110,000[b][28]
DEN: 120,000[b][44][45][46]
AUT: 205,000[b][32]
FIN: 213,945[b][47]
NZ: 117,500[b][34][35]

600 million[48][49]
500 million[50]

Michael Jackson
United States
1964–2009[51]
1971[51]
Pop / Rock / Dance / Soul / R&B[51]
7002184600000000000♠

Total available certified units: 184.6 million [show]

US: 104.5 million[11]
JPN: 4.650 million[b][12][52]
UK: 27.545 million[13]
GER: 11.275 million[14]
FRA: 11.375 million[15][16][53]
CAN: 4.670 million[17]
AUS: 6.670 million[b][18][19][54][55][56]
ITA: 1.170 million[b][20]
BRA: 280,000[b][21]
SWE: 1.230 million[b][22][57]
SPA: 1.995 million[b][23][24][40][41][58]
MEX: 3.670 million[b][42]
SWI: 910,000[b][25]
BEL: 365,000[b][26][27]
ARG: 124,000[b][28][29]
DEN: 1.224 million[b][59][60][61]
AUT: 1.197 million[b][32]
POL: 530,000[b][33]
FIN: 384,127[47]
NZ: 902,500[34][35]

350 million[62][63]
300 million[64][65]

Madonna
United States
1979–present[66]
1982[66]
Pop / Dance / Electronica[66]
7002170600000000000♠

Total available certified units: 170.6 million [show]

US: 85.675 million[11]
JPN: 6.450 million [b][12][52]
UK: 28.845 million[13]
GER: 12.4 million[14]
FRA: 12.795 million[15][16][53]
CAN: 6.030 million[17]
AUS: 4.717 million[b][18][67][68]
ITA: 465,000[b][20]
BRA: 3.440 million[b][21]
SWE: 1.070 million[b][22][57]
SPA: 2.815 million[23][24][40][41][58]
MEX: 510,000[b][42]
SWI: 1.080 million[b][25]
BEL: 690,000[b][26][27]
ARG: 1.098[28][29]
DEN: 407,000[b][59][60][69][70][71][72]
AUT: 602,500[b][32]
POL: 530,000[b][33]
FIN: 652,686[47]
NZ: 417,500[34][35]

300 million[73][74]
275 million[75]

Elton John
United Kingdom
1964–present[76]
1969[76]
Pop / Rock[76]
7002169000000000000♠

Total available certified units: 169 million [show]

US: 117.850 million[11]
JPN: 1.1 million [b][12]
UK: 22.395 million[b][13]
GER: 7.9 million[b][14]
FRA: 4.825 million[b][15][16][53]
CAN: 5.975 million[b][17]
AUS: 2.837 million[b][18]
BRA: 835,000[b][21]
SWE: 740,000[b][22]
SPA: 1.2 million[b][23][24][41][58]
MEX: 100,000[b][42]
SWI: 1.313 million[b][25]
BEL: 390,000[b][26][27]
ARG: 128,000[28][29]
DEN: 150,000[b][45][60][77]
AUT: 765,000[b][32]
POL: 150,000[b][33]
FIN: 163,481[47]
NZ: 255,000[b][34][35]

300 million[78][79]
250 million[80][81]

Led Zeppelin
United Kingdom
1968–1980[82]
1969[82]
Hard rock / Blues rock / Folk rock[82]
7002139690000099999♠

Total available certified units: 139.7 million [show]

US: 114.1 million[11]
JPN: 400,000 [b][12]
UK: 9.330 million[b][13]
GER: 3.775 million[b][14]
FRA: 2.310 million[b][15][16][83]
CAN: 4.710 million[17]
AUS: 2.8 million[b][18][84][85]
ITA: 345,000[b][20]
BRA: 820,000[b][21]
SPA: 450,000[b][24][41][58]
SWI: 211,000[b][25]
ARG: 360,000[b][28]
POL: 120,000[b][33]

300 million[86][87]
200 million[88][89]

Pink Floyd
United Kingdom
1965–1996, 2014[90][91]
1967[90]
Progressive rock / Psychedelic rock[90]
7002118900000000000♠

Total available certified units: 118.9 million [show]

US: 78 million[11]
JPN: 100,000[b][92]
UK: 11.320 million[b][13]
GER: 7.5 million[b][14]
FRA: 6.360 million[b][15][16][53]
CAN: 6.790 million[b][17]
AUS: 2.932 million[b][18][19]
ITA: 1.685 million[b][20]
BRA: 540,000[b][21]
SWE: 220,000[b][22][57]
SPA: 625,000[b][23][24][40][58]
SWI: 390,000[b][25]
BEL: 115,000[b][26][27]
ARG: 582,000[b][28][29]
AUT: 460,000[b][32]
POL: 590,000[b][33]
NZ: 787,500[b][34][35]

250 million[93][94]
200 million[95][96]

tag: table

text: The column for certified sales above includes markets, the databases of which contain certifications representing figures of 100,000 and more.

text: 200 million to 249 million records

text:
Rihanna

Mariah Carey

Celine Dion

Queen

Whitney Houston

AC/DC

The Rolling Stones

text:
To ensure the highest level of fact checking and editorial control, this list sources sales figures to news organizations and highly regarded music industry related organizations such as MTV, VH1, Billboard and Rolling Stone.
The figures of total certified units within the table below are based on certified units of albums, singles (including digital downloads) and videos.
Markets' order within the table is based on Retail Value each market generates respectively, the largest market at the top and the smallest at the bottom.[8][9]

text:
Artist
Country / Market
Period active
Release-year of first charted record
Genre
Total certified units
(from available markets)[b]
Claimed sales

Rihanna
Barbados
United States
2005–present[97]
2005[97]
R&B / Pop / Dance / Hip-hop[97]
7002229500000000000♠

Total available certified units: 229.5 million [show]

US: 168.55 million[11]
JPN: 1.4 million[12][52]
UK: 30.7 million[13]
GER: 4.675 million[14]
FRA: 1.525 million[16]
CAN: 2.840 million[17]
AUS: 9.290 million[18]
ITA: 1.5 million[b][20]
BRA: 555,000[21]
SWE: 2.480 million[22][57]
SPA: 1.450 million[23]
MEX: 410,000[42][98]
SWI: 840,000[25]
BEL: 660,000[27]
DEN: 1.117[59][60][61][69][77][99][100][101]
AUT: 135,000[32]
POL: 500,000[33]
IRE: 240,000[102]
NZ: 667,500[34][35]

230 million[103][104]

Mariah Carey
United States
1988–present[105]
1990[105]
R&B / Pop / Soul / Hip-hop[105]
7002137100000000000♠

Total available certified units: 137.1 million [show]

US: 92.6 million[11]
JPN: 14.5 million [b][12][52][106]
UK: 10.020 million[13]
GER: 3.750 million[14]
FRA: 4.690 million[15][16][53]
CAN: 4.1 million[17]
AUS: 3.515 million[b][18][107]
ITA: 200,000[b][20]
BRA: 835,000[21]
SWE: 425,000[22]
SPA: 1 million[23][24][41][58]
SWI: 515,000[25]
BEL: 175,000[b][26][27]
DEN: 280,000[61][108]
AUT: 200,000[32]
POL: 100,000[b][33]
NZ: 240,000[b][34]

200 million[109][110]
175 million[111][112]

Celine Dion
Canada
1981–present[113]
1981[113]
Pop[113]
7002125100000000000♠

Total available certified units: 125.1 million [show]

US: 56.550 million[11]
JPN: 7.150 million[b][12][114][115]
UK: 13.555 million[13]
GER: 8 million[14]
FRA: 15.785 million[15][16][53][83]
CAN: 12.245 million[17]
AUS: 3.302 million[b][18][19]
BRA: 505,000[b][21]
SWE: 1.105 million[b][22]
SPA: 1 million[41][58]
SWI: 1.685 million[b][25]
BEL: 1.885 million[b][26][27]
ARG: 340,000[28]
DEN: 370,000[b][45][116][117][118]
AUT: 440,000[b][32]
POL: 680,000[b][33]
FIN: 356,183[47]
NZ: 192,500[34][35]

200 million[119][120]
175 million[121][122]

Queen
United Kingdom
1971–present[123]
1973[123]
Rock[123]
7002120900000000000♠

Total available certified units: 120.9 million [show]

US: 61 million[11]
JPN: 2.850 million[b][12][52][124]
UK: 28.815 million[b][13]
GER: 11.525 million[b][14]
FRA: 4.495 million[b][15][16][53]
CAN: 1.870 million[b][17]
AUS: 2.167 million[b][18][19]
ITA: 505,000[b][20]
BRA: 970,000[b][21]
SWE: 190,000[b][22]
SPA: 1.720 million[b][23][24][40][41]
SWI: 1.256 million[b][25]
BEL: 100,000[b][26][27]
DEN: 160,000[61]
ARG: 1.080 million[b][28][29]
AUT: 900,000[b][32]
POL: 810,000[b][33]
FIN: 366,152[47]
NZ: 275,000[b][34][35]

200 million[125][126]
170 million[127]

Whitney Houston
United States
1977–2012[128]
1984[128]
R&B / Soul / Pop[128]
7002114100000000000♠

Total available certified units: 114.1 million [show]

US: 76.775 million[11]
JPN: 4.3 million[b][12][129]
UK: 14.605 million[13]
GER: 5.6 million[b][14]
FRA: 2.275 million[15][16][53]
CAN: 3.430 million[17]
AUS: 1.580 million[b][18][19][130]
ITA: 140,000[b][20]
BRA: 1.025[b][21]
SWE: 1.035 million[b][22]
SPA: 1.260 million[23][24][40][41]
SWI: 845,000[b][25]
BEL: 215,000[b][26][27]
DEN: 140,000[60][61]
AUT: 535,000[b][32]
POL: 180,000[b][33]
FIN: 247,222[47]

200 million[131][132]
170 million[133][134]

AC/DC
Australia
1973–present[135]
1975[135]
Hard rock / Blues rock / Rock and roll[135]
7002113600000000000♠

Total available certified units: 113.6 million [show]

US: 79.7 million[11]
UK: 4.4 million[13]
GER: 10.3 million[b][14]
FRA: 4.180 million[15][16]
CAN: 2.490 million[b][17]
AUS: 7.540 million[b][18]
ITA: 775,000[b][20]
SWE: 350,000[b][22][57]
SPA: 1.355 million[b][23][24][40][41][58]
SWI: 894,000[b][25]
BEL: 100,000[b][27]
ARG: 594,000[b][28][29]
DEN: 130,000[60][61][136]
AUT: 380,000[b][32]
FIN: 321,169[47]
NZ: 140,000[b][34][35]

200 million[137][138]
150 million[139][140]

The Rolling Stones
United Kingdom
1962–present[141]
1963[141]
Rock / Blues rock [141]
7001972000000000000♠

Total available certified units: 97.2 million [show]

US: 74.750 million[11]
JPN: 950,000[b][12]
UK: 8.510 million[b][13]
GER: 3.2 million[b][14]
FRA: 3.370 million[b][15][16][53]
AUS: 417,500[b][18]
CAN: 3.025 million[b][17]
ITA: 205,000[b][20]
BRA: 100,000[b][21]
SWE: 310,000[b][22]
SPA: 690,000[b][23][24][40][41][58]
SWI: 238,000[b][25]
BEL: 120,000[b][26][27]
ARG: 718,000[b][28][29]
AUT: 300,000[b][32]
POL: 140,000[b][33]
NZ: 190,000[b][34][35]

200 million[142][143]

ABBA
Sweden
1972–1982[144]
1972[144]
Pop / Disco[144]
7001607000000000000♠

Total available certified units: 60.7 million [show]

US: 12.7 million[11]
JPN: 1.5 million[b][52][145][146]
UK: 18.970 million[b][13]
GER: 10.450 million[b][14]
FRA: 2.750 million[b][15][16][53]
CAN: 2.785 million[b][17]
AUS: 6.127 million[b][18][147]
BRA: 275,000[b][21][57]
SWE: 800,000[b][22]
SPA: 1.005 million[b][23][40]
MEX: 260,000[b][42]
SWI: 600,000[b][25]
BEL: 380,000[b][26][27]
ARG: 238,000[b][28][29]
DEN: 600,000[b][148][149][150]
AUT: 175,000[b][32]
POL: 150,000[b][33]
FIN: 656,319[47]
NZ: 297,500[b][35][151][152]

200 million[153][154]
100 million[155]

text: 120 million to 199 million records

text:
Taylor Swift

Garth Brooks

Eminem

Eagles

Bruno Mars

U2

Kanye West

text:
Artist
Country / Market
Period active
Release-year of first charted record
Genre
Total certified units
(from available markets)[b]
Claimed sales

Taylor Swift
United States
2006–present[156]
2006[156]
Country / Country pop / Pop / Pop-rock[156]
7002181600000000000♠

Total available certified units: 181.6 million [show]

US: 157 million[11]
JPN: 2.850 million[12][52]
UK: 8.9 million[13]
GER: 950,000[14]
FRA: 250,000[16]
CAN: 4.580 million[17]
AUS: 5.495 million[18]
ITA: 285,000[b][20]
BRA: 170,000[21]
SWE: 180,000[57]
MEX: 450,000[42][43][98]
DEN: 140,000>[61]
NZ: 375,000[34][35]

175 million[157]

Garth Brooks
United States
1989–present[158]
1989[158]
Country[158]
7002146000000000000♠

Total available certified units: 156 million [show]

US: 149.4 million[11]
UK: 520,000[13]
CAN: 5.730 million[17]
AUS: 280,000[b][18]
IRE: 120,000[b][102]

160 million[159]

Eminem
United States
1996–present[160]
1999[160]
Hip-hop[160]
7002133300000000000♠

Total available certified units: 133.3 million [show]

US: 86.1 million[11]
JPN: 2.9 million [12][52]
UK: 22.425 million[13]
GER: 3.450 million[14]
FRA: 3.220 million[16][83]
CAN: 3.850 million[17]
AUS: 5.737 million[18]
ITA: 615,000[b][20]
BRA: 200,000[21]
SWE: 850,000[22][57]
SPA: 290,000[23][58]
MEX: 365,000[42]
SWI: 805,000[25]
BEL: 475,000[26][27]
DEN: 556,000[b][59][161]>[61]
AUT: 325,000[32]
POL: 250,000[33]
FIN: 124,547[47]
IRE: 285,000[b][102]
NZ: 562,500[34][35]

155 million[162]

Eagles
United States
1971–1980, 1994–present[163]
1972[163]
Rock[163]
7002129400000000000♠

Total available certified units: 129.4 million [show]

US: 108.9 million[11]
JPN: 600,000[b][12]
UK: 7.835 million[b][13]
GER: 925,000[b][14]
FRA: 2.040 million[b][15][16][53]
CAN: 4.2 million[b][17]
AUS: 3.395 million[b][18][164]
SWE: 140,000[b][22]
SPA: 500,000[b][23][24]
SWI: 290,000[b][25]
DEN: 185,000[b][60]>[61]
FIN: 124,749[47]
NZ: 352,500[b][34][35]

150 million[165]

U2
Ireland
1976–present[166]
1980[166]
Rock[166]
7002107000000000000♠

Total available certified units: 107 million [show]

US: 53.1 million[11]
JPN: 1.450 million[b][12]
UK: 18.680 million[13]
GER: 5.125 million[14]
FRA: 5.125 million[15][16]
CAN: 7.115 million[17]
AUS: 4.412 million[b][18][19][167]
ITA: 855,000[b][20]
BRA: 2.675 million[b][21]
SWE: 515,000[b][22]
SPA: 2.295 million[23][24][40][41][58]
MEX: 835,000[b][42]
SWI: 696,000[b][25]
BEL: 750,000[b][26][27]
ARG: 806,000[28][29]
DEN: 473,000[b][59][60][61][77][168]
AUT: 515,000[b][32]
POL: 360,000[b][33]
FIN: 235,460[47]
IRE: 316,000[b][102]
NZ: 765,000[34][35]

150 million[169]

Billy Joel
United States
1964–present[170]
1971[170]
Pop / Rock[170]
7002102600000000000♠

Total available certified units: 102.6 million [show]

US: 87.950 million[11]
JPN: 2 million[b][12][171]
UK: 5.655 million[b][13]
GER: 1.250 million[b][14]
FRA: 925,000[b][15][16][53]
CAN: 3.275 million[b][17]
AUS: 1.267[b][18][19]
AUT: 125,000[b][32]
NZ: 162,500[b][34]

150 million[172]

Phil Collins
United Kingdom
1980–2011, 2015–present[173]
1981[173]
Rock / Progressive rock / Adult contemporary[173]
7001878000000000000♠

Total available certified units: 87.8 million [show]

US: 39.850 million[11]
JPN: 800,000[b][12]
UK: 15.250 million[13]
GER: 13.8 million[14]
FRA: 6.410 million[15][16][53]
CAN: 3.375 million[17]
AUS: 1.522[b][18][19]
BRA: 1.370 million[b][21]
SWE: 245,000[b][22]
SPA: 2.150 million[23][24][41][58]
SWI: 973,000[b][25]
BEL: 305,000[b][26][27]
ARG: 1.044 million[28][29]
AUT: 440,000[b][32]
FIN: 182,581[47]
NZ: 122,500[34][35]

150 million[174]

Aerosmith
United States
1970–present[175]
1973[175]
Hard rock[175]
7001847000000000000♠

Total available certified units: 84.7 million [show]

US: 70.250 million[11]
JPN: 2.7 million[b][12][52]
UK: 3.230 million[13]
GER: 2 million[b][14]
FRA: 225,000[15][16][53]
CAN: 3.950 million[b][17]
AUS: 225,000[b][18][176]
ITA: 100,000[b][20]
BRA: 600,000[b][21]
SWE: 260,000[b][22]
SPA: 200,000[b][23][41]
MEX: 230,000[b][42]
SWI: 145,000[b][25]
ARG: 338,000[b][28][29]
AUT: 125,000[b][32]
POL: 100,000[b][33]
FIN: 101,722[47]

150 million[177]

Frank Sinatra
United States
1935–1995[178]
1939[178]
Pop / Swing[178]
7001373009999900000♠

Total available certified units: 37.3 million [show]

US: 28.2 million[b][11]
UK: 5.445 million[b][13]
GER: 1 million[b][14]
FRA: 600,000[b][15]
CAN: 650,000[b][17]
AUS: 245,000[b][18]
BRA: 350,000[b][21]
SWE: 130,000[b][22]
SPA: 500,000[b][24][41][58]
ARG: 188,000[b][28][29]

150 million[179]

Barbra Streisand
United States
1960–present[180]
1963[180]
Pop / Adult contemporary[180]
7001974000000000000♠

Total available certified units: 97.4 million [show]

US: 82.450 million[11]
UK: 5.765 million[b][13]
GER: 750,000[b][14]
FRA: 3.150 million[b][15][16][53]
CAN: 2.650 million[b][17]
AUS: 2.047 million[b][18]
SWE: 120,000[22][57]
SPA: 150,000[b][58]
FIN: 186,501[b][47]
NZ: 137,500[b][34]

145 million[181]

Bruno Mars
United States
2004–present[182]
2010[182]
Pop rock / R&B[182]
7002121200000000000♠

Total available certified units: 121.2 million [show]

US: 86.5 million[11]
JPN: 1.2 million[12][52]
UK: 13.5 million[13]
GER: 3.4 million[14]
FRA: 1.850 million[16]
CAN: 5.240 million[17]
AUS: 5.050 million[18]
ITA: 710,000[b][20]
SWE: 440,000[22][57]
SPA: 470,000[23]
MEX: 780,000[42][43]
SWI: 405,000[25]
BEL: 345,000[27]
DEN: 365,000[b][61][183]
AUT: 180,000[32]
NZ: 532,500[34]
PHL: 330,000[184]

130 million[185]

Kanye West
United States
1996–present[186]
2004[186]
Hip-hop / Electronic / Pop rock[186]
7002103400000000000♠

Total available certified units: 103.4 million [show]

US: 87.750 million[11]
JPN: 100,000[187]
UK: 11.280 million[13]
GER: 300,000[14]
CAN: 1.180 million[17]
AUS: 2.135 million[18]
ITA: 145,000[b][20]
SWE: 160,000[57]
DEN: 424,000[60][61][69][188]

121 million[189]

Bruce Springsteen
United States
1972–present[190]
1973[190]
Rock[190]
7002101500000000000♠

Total available certified units: 101.5 million [show]

US: 76.150 million[11]
JPN: 400,000[b][12]
UK: 7.145 million[13]
GER: 4.325 million[b][14]
FRA: 1.887 million[15][16][53]
CAN: 3.2 million[b][17]
AUS: 3.362 million[b][18]
ITA: 575,000[b][20]
BRA: 100,000[b][21]
SWE: 810,000[b][22][57]
SPA: 1.730 million[b][23][24][40][41][58]
SWI: 400,000[b][25]
DEN: 155,000[b][59][61][69][191]
AUT: 290,000[b][32]
FIN: 449,800[47]
IRE: 189,500[b][102]
NZ: 375,000[34][35]

120 million[192]

Bee Gees
United Kingdom
Australia[193][194]
1963–2003
2009–2012[195]
1963[195]
Pop / Disco[195]
7001683000000000000♠

Total available certified units: 68.3 million [show]

US: 42.5 million[11]
JPN: 300,000[b][12][196][197]
UK: 9.065 million[b][13]
GER: 6.675 million[b][14]
FRA: 3.4 million[b][15][16][53]
CAN: 3.215 million[b][17]
AUS: 1.187 million[b][18]
BRA: 350,000[b][21]
SPA: 450,000[b][24][40][58]
SWI: 415,000[b][25]
ARG: 188,000[b][28][29]
AUT: 125,000[b][32]
POL: 100,000[b][33]
NZ: 380,000[b][34][35]

120 million[198]

text: 100 million to 119 million records

text:
Justin Bieber

Katy Perry

Adele

Lady Gaga

Jay-Z

Metallica

B'z

text:
To ensure the high level of fact checking and editorial control, this list sources sales figures to news organizations and highly regarded music industry related organizations such as MTV, VH1, Billboard and Rolling Stone.
The figures of total certified units within the table below are based on certified units of albums, singles (including digital downloads) and videos.
Markets' order within the table is based on Retail Value each market generates respectively, the largest market at the top and the smallest at the bottom.[8][9]

text:
Artist
Country / Market
Period active
Release-year of first charted record
Genre
Total certified units
(from available markets)[b]
Claimed sales

Lady Gaga
United States
2005–present[199]
2008[199]
Pop / Dance / Electronic[199]
7001993000000000000♠

Total available certified units: 99.3 million [show]

US: 68.5 million[11]
JPN: 5.4 million[12][52]
UK: 10.985 million[13]
GER: 2.9 million[14]
FRA: 1.655 million[16]
CAN: 2.4 million[17]
AUS: 2.890 million[18]
ITA: 840,000[b][20]
BRA: 470,000[21]
SWE: 680,000[22][57]
SPA: 410,000[23]
MEX: 390,000[42][98]
SWI: 445,000[25]
BEL: 270,000[27]
DEN: 340,000[60][61][101]
AUT: 182,500[32]
POL: 130,000[33]
IRE: 165,000[102]
NZ: 277,500[34][35]

114 million[200]

Metallica
United States
1981–present[201]
1983[201]
Heavy metal / Thrash metal[201]
7001943000000000000♠

Total available certified units: 94.3 million [show]

US: 73.3 million[11]
JPN: 900,000[b][12]
UK: 3.335 million[13]
GER: 3.525 million[14]
FRA: 940,000[15][16]
CAN: 3.805 million[17]
AUS: 2.637 million[b][18][19][202]
ITA: 180,000[b][20]
BRA: 380,000[b][21]
SWE: 675,000[b][22]
SPA: 420,000[23][41][58]
MEX: 430,000[b][42][98]
SWI: 560,000[b][25]
BEL: 335,000[b][26][27]
DEN: 180,000[61][60]
ARG: 874,000[28][29]
AUT: 340,000[b][32]
POL: 735,000[b][33]
FIN: 530,676[47]
NZ: 315,000[34][35]

110 million[203]

Justin Bieber
Canada
United States
2008–present[204]
2009[204]
Pop / Teen pop, Dance pop[204]
7002132600000000000♠

Total available certified units: 132.6 million [show]

US: 87.5 million[11]
JPN: 750,000 [12][52]
UK: 17.285 million[13]
GER: 3.3 million[14]
FRA: 1.2[16]
CAN: 5.620 million[17]
AUS: 4.725 million[18]
ITA: 1.795 million[20]
BRA: 810,000[21]
SWE: 2.020 million[22][57]
SPA: 880,000[23]
MEX: 2.910 million[42][43][98]
BEL: 450,000[27]
DEN: 2.230 million[61]
POL: 370,000[33]
AUT: 140,000[32]
NZ: 615,000[34]

100 million[205]

Katy Perry
United States
2001–present[206]
2008[206]
Pop[206]
7002129500000000000♠

Total available certified units: 129.5 million [show]

US: 97.5 million[11]
JPN: 300,000[12][52]
UK: 12.750 million[13]
GER: 2.750 million[14]
FRA: 825,000[16]
CAN: 6.160 million[17]
AUS: 5.125 million[18]
ITA: 780,000[b][20]
BRA: 625,000[21]
SWE: 520,000[22][57]
SPA: 180,000[23]
MEX: 900,000[42][98]
SWI: 160,000[25]
BEL: 135,000[27]
DEN: 235,000[59][61]
AUT: 247,500[32]
NZ: 360,000[34][35]

100 million[207]

Adele
United Kingdom
2006–present[208]
2008[208]
Pop, soul[208]
7002104900000000000♠

Total available certified units: 104.9 million [show]

US: 61 million[11]
JPN: 100,000[12]
UK: 20.550 million[13]
GER: 4.7 million[14]
CAN: 6.120 million[17]
AUS: 3.955 million[18]
ITA: 1.570 million[b][20]
BRA: 1.310 million[21]
SWE: 240,000[22][57]
SPA: 800,000[23]
MEX: 1.490 million[42][43]
SWI: 510,000[25]
BEL: 795,000[27]
DEN: 747,500[59][61]
POL: 300,000[b][33]
FIN: 151,639[47]
NZ: 577,500[34]

100 million[209]

Jay-Z
United States
1996–present[210]
1996[210]
Hip-hop[210]
7001981000000000000♠

Total available certified units: 98.1 million [show]

US: 82.7 million[11]
JPN: 1.050 million[52]
UK: 9.320 million[13]
GER: 1.550 million[14]
FRA: 400,000[16]
CAN: 1.6 million[17]
AUS: 1.260[18]
ITA: 180,000[b][20]
SWE: 130,000[22][57]

100 million[211]

B'z
Japan
1988–present[212]
1988[212]
Rock / Pop rock / Hard rock[212]
7001857000000000000♠

Total available certified units: 85.7 million [show]

JPN: 85.75 million[b][12][52][106]

100 million[213]

Bon Jovi
United States
1983–present[214]
1983[214]
Hard rock / Glam metal[214]
7001841009999900000♠

Total available certified units: 84.1 million [show]

US: 49.9 million[11]
JPN: 4.400 million[b][12][52]
UK: 9.490 million[13]
GER: 5.650 million[14]
FRA: 825,000[15][16][53]
CAN: 4.735 million[17]
AUS: 3.030 million[b][18][215][216]
ITA: 135,000[b][20]
BRA: 435,000[b][21]
SWE: 365,000[b][22][57]
SPA: 1.620 million[23][24][40][41][58]
MEX: 250,000[b][42]
SWI: 1.275 million[b][25]
AUT: 725,000[b][32]
BEL: 165,000[b][26][27]
ARG: 358,000[28][29]
POL: 110,000[b][33]
FIN: 422,500[47]
NZ: 210,000[34][35]

100 million[217]

Linkin Park
United States
1996–present[218]
2000[218]
Alternative rock / Nu metal / Rap rock[218]
7001823000000000000♠

Total available certified units: 82.3 million [show]

US: 61.6 million[11]
JPN: 1.550 million[12][52]
UK: 6.205 million[13]
GER: 5.850 million[14]
FRA: 1.025[16]
CAN: 1.330 million[17]
AUS: 1.485 million[18]
ITA: 515,000[b][20]
BRA: 595,000[21]
SWE: 165,000[22][57]
SPA: 175,000[23]
MEX: 225,000[42]
SWI: 435,000[25]
BEL: 140,000[27]
DEN: 175,000[59][61]
AUT: 252,500[32]
POL: 220,000[33]
FIN: 120,469[47]
NZ: 252,500[34][35]

100 million[219]

Beyoncé
United States
1997–present[220]
2002[220][221]
R&B / Pop[220]
7001810000000000000♠

Total available certified units: 81 million [show]

US: 56.150 million[11]
JPN: 1.7 million [12][52]
UK: 13.885 million[13]
GER: 1.550 million[14]
FRA: 560,000[16][83]
CAN: 1.395 million[17]
AUS: 2.975 million[18]
ITA: 260,000[b][20]
BRA: 390,000[21]
SWE: 120,000[22][57]
SPA: 1.030 million[b][23][222]
MEX: 110,000[42]
SWI: 165,000[25]
BEL: 115,000[27]
DEN: 312,500[60][61][69][101][223][224]
POL: 100,000[33]
NZ: 210,000[34][35]

100 million[225]

Lil Wayne
United States
1996–present[226]
1999[226]
Hip-hop[226]
7001799000000000000♠

Total available certified units: 79.9 million [show]

US: 77.7 million[11]
UK: 1.460 million[13]
CAN: 280,000[17]
AUS: 525,000[18]

100 million[227]

Britney Spears
United States
1998–present[228]
1998[228]
Pop / Dance / Dance-pop[228]
7001787000000000000♠

Total available certified units: 78.7 million [show]

US: 44.2 million[11]
JPN: 2.1 million[12][129]
UK: 10.350 million[13]
GER: 5.050 million[14]
FRA: 3.732 million[15][16][53]
CAN: 3.680 million[17]
AUS: 3.130 million[18]
ITA: 175,000[b][20]
BRA: 380,000[21]
SWE: 1.010 million[22][57]
SPA: 990,000[23][41][58]
MEX: 1.175 million[b][42]
SWI: 485,000[25]
AUT: 365,000[32]
BEL: 935,000[26][27]
ARG: 248,000[28][29]
DEN: 187,500[b][59][60][229][230]
POL: 210,000[33]
FIN: 143,627[47]
NZ: 240,000[34][35]

100 million[231]

Rod Stewart
United Kingdom
1964–present[232]
1969[232]
Rock / Pop[232]
7001781009999900000♠

Total available certified units: 78.1 million [show]

US: 43.650 million[11]
JPN: 450,000[b][12]
UK: 18.630 million[b][13]
GER: 3.8 million[b][14]
FRA: 1.8 million[b][15][16][53]
CAN: 4.055 million[b][17]
AUS: 2.610 million[b][18][19]
BRA: 980,000[b][21]
SWE: 440,000[b][22]
SPA: 290,000[b][23][24][40]
SWI: 100,000[b][25]
ARG: 524,000[b][28][29]
AUT: 100,000[b][32]
POL: 220,000[b][33]
IRE: 195,000[b][102]
NZ: 280,000[b][34][35]

100 million[233]

Fleetwood Mac
United Kingdom
United States
1967–present[234]
1968[234]
Rock / Pop[234]
7001763000000000000♠

Total available certified units: 76.3 million [show]

US: 51.250 million[11]
UK: 13.785 million[b][13]
GER: 3.5 million[b][14]
FRA: 800,000[b][15][16]
AUS: 2.767 million[b][18][19]
CAN: 2.950 million[b][17]
SPA: 300,000[b][41][58]
SWI: 100,000[b][25]
BEL: 100,000[b][27]
NZ: 572,500[b][35][235][236]

100 million[237]

Guns N' Roses
United States
1985–present[238]
1987[238]
Hard rock / Heavy metal[238]
7001743000000000000♠

Total available certified units: 74.3 million [show]

US: 48.5 million[11]
JPN: 1.7 million[b][12]
UK: 6.150 million[13]
GER: 4.1 million[14]
FRA: 1 million[16]
CAN: 3.520 million[17]
AUS: 2.410[b][18][19][164]
ITA: 685,000[b][20]
BRA: 1.9 million[b][21]
SWE: 485,000[22]
SPA: 450,000[23][24][40]
MEX: 760,000[b][42]
SWI: 365,000[b][25]
BEL: 165,000[b][26][27]
ARG: 1.248 million[b][28][29]
AUT: 365,000[32]
POL: 160,000[b][33]
IRE: 105,000[b][102]
NZ: 270,000[34][35]

100 million[239]

George Strait
United States
1981–present[240]
1984[240]
Country[240]
7001728000000000000♠

Total available certified units: 72.8 million [show]

US: 72.150 million[11]
CAN: 705,000[17]

100 million[241]

Backstreet Boys
United States
1993–present[242]
1995[242]
Pop[242]
7001720000000000000♠

Total available certified units: 72 million [show]

US: 41.5 million[11]
JPN: 5.4 million[12][52][243]
UK: 4.875 million[13]
GER: 7 million[14]
FRA: 325,000[15][16]
CAN: 3.430 million[17]
AUS: 1.4 million[b][18]
BRA: 1.625 million[21]
SWE: 655,000[22]
SPA: 1.850 million[41][58]
MEX: 1.475 million[b][42]
SWI: 415,000[25]
BEL: 425,000[b][26][27]
ARG: 740,000[28]
AUT: 325,000[32]
POL: 300,000[33]
FIN: 171,390[47]
NZ: 132,500[34]

100 million[244]

Neil Diamond
United States
1966–present[245]
1966[245]
Pop / Rock[245]
7001683000000000000♠

Total available certified units: 68.3 million [show]

US: 55.9 million[11]
UK: 7.130 million[b][13]
GER: 1 million[b][14]
FRA: 400,000[b][15]
CAN: 1.725 million[b][17]
AUS: 1.945 million[b][18]
SPA: 100,000[b][40]
NZ: 127,500[b][34][35]

100 million[246]

Prince
United States
1976–2016[247]
1978[247]
Funk / R&B / Pop / Soul / Rock[247]
7001642000000000000♠

Total available certified units: 64.2 million [show]

US: 48.950 million[11]
JPN: 300,000[b][12]
UK: 7.045 million[13]
GER: 2.4 million[14]
FRA: 2.110 million[15][16]
CAN: 1 million[17]
AUS: 1.120[b][18][19]
SWE: 100,000[22]
SPA: 700,000[b][24][40][41][58]
SWI: 250,000[b][25]
AUT: 125,000[b][32]
NZ: 177,500[b][34]

100 million[248]

Kenny Rogers
United States
1958–present[249]
1975[249]
Country / Pop[249]
7001601000000000000♠

Total available certified units: 61.4 million [show]

US: 54.050 million[11]
JPN: 100,000[b][250]
UK: 2.520 million[13]
CAN: 4.6 million[17]
AUS: 100,000[b][251][252]
SPA: 100,000[b][40]

100 million[253]

Paul McCartney
United Kingdom
1960–present[254]
1970[254]
Rock[254]
7001606000000000000♠

Total available certified units: 60.6 million [show]

US: 41.450 million[11]
JPN: 500,000[b][12]
UK: 12.365 million[b][13]
GER: 1.525 million[b][14]
FRA: 1.305 million[b][15][16][53]
CAN: 1.955 million[b][17]
AUS: 465,000[b][18][19]
SWE: 210,000[b][57][255]
SPA: 640,000[b][24][40]
DEN: 210,000[b][60][256]

100 million[257]

Janet Jackson
United States
1982–present[258]
1982[258]
R&B / Pop[258]
7001521000000000000♠

Total available certified units: 52.1 million [show]

US: 39.750 million[11]
JPN: 1.6 million [b][12]
UK: 4.760 million[13]
GER: 1.4 million[14]
FRA: 1.475 million[15][16][53]
CAN: 1.460 million[17]
AUS: 1.155[b][18][19]
SWE: 105,000[b][22]
SPA: 150,000[41][58]
SWI: 170,000[b][25]
BEL: 125,000[b][26]

100 million[259]

Julio Iglesias
Spain
1968–present[260]
1968[260]
Latin[260]
7001510000000000000♠

Total available certified units: 51 million [show]

US: 11 million[11]
JPN: 800,000[b][261]
UK: 1.620 million[b][13][261]
GER: 250,000[b][14]
FRA: 6.1 million[15][16][53][261]
CAN: 1.5 million[17]
AUS: 540,000[b][18][261]
ITA: 400,000[b][20][261]
NLD:950,000[b][261]
BRA: 12.475 million[b][21][261]
SWE: 290,000[b][22][261]
SPA: 8.7 million[b][23][24][40][41][58][261]
MEX: 2.975 million[b][42][261]
BEL: 125,000[b][261]
ARG: 3.220 million[b][28][261]
FIN: 131,636[b][47]

100 million[262]

Chicago
United States
1967–present[263]
1969[263]
Rock / Pop[263]
7001483000000000000♠

Total available certified units: 48.3 million [show]

US: 44.150 million[11]
JPN: 400,000[b][12][264]
UK: 1.490 million[b][13]
GER: 250,000[b][14]
FRA: 100,000[b][15]
CAN: 1.865 million[17]
SPA: 100,000[b][24]

100 million[265]

Bob Dylan
United States
1959–present[266]
1963[266]
Folk / Rock[266]
7001453000000000000♠

Total available certified units: 45.3 million [show]

US: 35.6 million[11]
UK: 6.025 million[b][13]
GER: 625,000[b][14]
FRA: 800,000[b][15][16]
CAN: 1.5 million[b][17]
AUS: 480,000[b][18]
SWI: 175,000[b][25]
NZ: 105,000[b][34]

100 million[267]

Dire Straits
United Kingdom
1977–1995[268]
1978[268]
Rock [268]
7001447000000000000♠

Total available certified units: 44.7 million [show]

US: 15.5 million[11]
UK: 11.1 million[13]
GER: 3.750 million[14]
FRA: 5.3 million[15][16]
CAN: 2.575 million[17]
AUS: 2.190 million[b][18][19]
ITA: 385,000[b][20]
BRA: 175,000[b][21]
SWE: 360,000[b][22]
SPA: 1.380 million[b][23][24][40][41]
SWI: 1 million[b][25]
BEL: 100,000[b][26][27]
AUT: 300,000[b][32]
FIN: 471,530[47]
NZ: 155,000[b][35]

100 million[269]

Def Leppard
United Kingdom
1977–present[270]
1979[270]
Hard rock / Heavy metal[270]
7001418009999900000♠

Total available certified units: 41.8 million [show]

US: 35.650 million[11]
JPN: 300,000[b][12]
UK: 1.960 million[13]
FRA: 200,000[15]
CAN: 2.995 million[17]
AUS: 385,000[19][271]
SWE: 150,000[b][22]
MEX: 200,000[b][42]
SWI: 125,000[b][25]

100 million[272]

Cher
United States
1964–present[273]
1965[273]
Pop / Rock / Dance / Folk[273]
7001406000000000000♠

Total available certified units: 40.6 million [show]

US: 21.9 million[11]
JPN: 100,000[b][12]
UK: 6.450 million[b][13]
GER: 4.175 million[b][14]
FRA: 1.525 million[b][16][53]
CAN: 1.340 million[b][17]
AUS: 1.530 million[b][18][274]
ITA: 300,000[b][275]
NLD: 100,000[b][276][277]
BRA: 125,000[b][21]
SWE: 850,000[b][22][57]
SPA: 600,000[b][41][58][275]
MEX: 200,000[b][42]
SWI: 295,000[b][25]
BEL: 275,000[b][26]
ARG: 106,000[b][28][261]
DEN: 300,000[b][275][278]
AUT: 250,000[b][32]
POL: 100,000[b][33]
NZ: 150,000[34][279]

100 million[280]

Genesis
United Kingdom
1967–1999
2006–present[281]
1969[281]
Progressive rock / Pop rock[281]
7001399000000000000♠

Total available certified units: 39.9 million [show]

US: 21.650 million[11]
JPN: 100,000[b][12]
UK: 7.325 million[b][13]
GER: 5.875 million[b][14]
FRA: 3.460 million[b][15][16]
CAN: 805,000[b][17]
SWE: 100,000[b][22]
SPA: 250,000[b][23][24][40]
SWI: 400,000[b][25]

100 million[282]

James Taylor
United States
1968–present[283]
1970[283]
Rock / Pop[283]
7001355000000000000♠

Total available certified units: 35.5 million [show]

US: 34.650 million[11]
UK: 655,000[b][13]
CAN: 100,000[b][17]
AUS: 100,000[b][18]

100 million[284]

Olivia Newton-John
Australia
1966–present[285]
1966[285]
Pop[285]
7001347000000000000♠

Total available certified units: 34.7 million [show]

US: 27 million[11]
JPN: 100,000[b][12]
UK: 3.950 million[b][13]
GER: 250,000[b][14]
CAN: 3.025 million[b][17]
AUS: 380,000[b][18][19]

100 million[286]

Stevie Wonder
United States
1961–present[287]
1962[287]
Funk / R&B / Soul[287]
7001346000000000000♠

Total available certified units: 34.6 million [show]

US: 21.650 million[11]
JPN: 1.050 million[b][12]
UK: 8.285 million[b][13]
GER: 500,000[b][14]
FRA: 1.4 million[b][15][53]
CAN: 1.550 million[17]
SPA: 250,000[b][40]

100 million[288]

Tina Turner
United States
1955–present[289]
1975[289]
Rock / Pop[289]
7001328009999900000♠

Total available certified units: 32.8 million [show]

US: 12.7 million[11]
UK: 8.145 million[13]
GER: 6.050 million[14]
FRA: 1.135 million[15][16][53]
CAN: 1.560 million[17]
AUS: 480,000[b][18][19]
SWE: 330,000[b][22]
SPA: 700,000[b][23][24][40][41]
SWI: 565,000[b][25]
BEL: 190,000[b][26][27]
AUT: 630,000[b][32]
POL: 120,000[b][33]
FIN: 241,954[47]

100 million[290]

Linda Ronstadt
United States
1967–present[291]
1968[291]
Rock / Folk / Country[291]
7001325000000000000♠

Total available certified units: 32.5 million [show]

US: 31.5 million[11]
UK: 435,000[b][13]
FRA: 100,000[b][15]
CAN: 500,000[b][17]

100 million[292]

Donna Summer
United States
1968–2012[293]
1974[293]
Pop / Disco / R&B[293]
7001308000000000000♠

Total available certified units: 30.8 million [show]

US: 24.5 million[11]
UK: 3.735 million[b][13]
FRA: 900,000[b][15][16]
CAN: 1.550 million[b][17]
BRA: 100,000[b][21]
SPA: 100,000[b][41]

100 million[294]

The Beach Boys
United States
1961–present[295]
1962[295]
Rock / Pop / Surf Rock[295]
7001305000000000000♠

Total available certified units: 30.5 million [show]

US: 25.6 million[11]
UK: 3.410 million[b][13]
GER: 250,000[b][14]
FRA: 400,000[b][15][16][53]
CAN: 100,000[b][17]
AUS: 492,500[b][18][19]
SPA: 250,000[b][40][41]

100 million[296]

David Bowie
United Kingdom
1962–2016[297]
1967[297]
Art rock / Glam rock / Pop[297]
7001301000000000000♠

Total available certified units: 30.1 million [show]

US: 11.7 million[11]
JPN: 200,000[b][12]
UK: 11.945 million[b][13]
GER: 525,000[b][14]
FRA: 2.380 million[b][15][16][53]
CAN: 2.215 million[b][17]
AUS: 565,000[b][18]
ITA: 345,000[b][20]
SPA: 170,000[b][23][24][40]
NZ: 142,500[b][34]

100 million[298]

The Who
United Kingdom
1964–present[299]
1965[299]
Rock / Hard rock[299]
7001269000000000000♠

Total available certified units: 26.9 million [show]

US: 22.150 million[11]
UK: 3.905 million[b][13]
FRA: 300,000[b][15]
CAN: 425,000[b][17]
ITA: 125,000[b][20]

100 million[300]

Barry White
United States
1972–2003[301]
1973[301]
R&B / Soul[301]
7001217000000000000♠

Total available certified units: 21.7 million [show]

US: 16.5 million[11]
UK: 3.665 million[b][13]
FRA: 1.1 million[b][15][16]
CAN: 150,000[b][17]
SPA: 200,000[b][58]
BEL: 150,000[b][27]

100 million[302]

text: 80 million to 99 million records

text:
Coldplay

Shania Twain

Nicki Minaj

Flo Rida

Pink

Ayumi Hamasaki

Van Halen

text:
Artist
Country / Market
Period active
Release-year of first charted record
Genre
Total certified units
(from available markets)[b]
Claimed sales

Coldplay
United Kingdom
1996–present[303]
1999[303]
Alternative rock, Pop rock, Pop[303]
7001791009999900000♠

Total available certified units: 79.1 million [show]

US: 29.6 million[11]
JPN: 750,000[12][52]
UK: 24.285 million[13]
GER: 4.150 million[14]
FRA: 3.030[16]
CAN: 3.445 million[17]
AUS: 3.725 million[18]
ITA: 2.660 million[b][20]
BRA: 340,000[21]
SWE: 670,000[22][57]
SPA: 1.030 million[23]
MEX: 1.890 million[42][43][98]
SWI: 510,000[25]
BEL: 765,000[27]
ARG: 528,000[28][29]
DEN: 759,000[59][61]
AUT: 197,500[32]
POL: 220,000[b][33]
IRE: 210,000[b][102]
NZ: 345,000[34]

90 million[304]

Shania Twain
Canada
1993–present[305]
1993[305]
Country pop[305]
7001757000000000000♠

Total available certified units: 75.7 million [show]

US: 54.5 million[11]
JPN: 300,000[12]
UK: 6.795 million[13]
GER: 1.750 million[14]
FRA: 975,000[16][53]
CAN: 6.880 million[17]
AUS: 2.360 million[b][18]
BRA: 475,000[21]
SWE: 330,000[22]
SPA: 100,000[58]
MEX: 100,000[b][42]
SWI: 310,000[25]
BEL: 250,000[b][26][27]
ARG: 120,000[28]
AUT: 115,000[32]
NZ: 402,500[34][35]

90 million[306]

Pink
United States
1995–present[307]
2000[307]
Pop, Pop rock, R&B[307]
7001649000000000000♠

Total available certified units: 64.9 million [show]

US: 29.225 million[11]
JPN: 400,000[12]
UK: 12.950 million[13]
GER: 5.725 million[14]
FRA: 1.165 million[16][53]
CAN: 4.090 million[17]
AUS: 8.225 million[18]
ITA: 375,000[b][20]
SWE: 530,000[22]
MEX: 360,000[42]
SWI: 545,000[25]
BEL: 235,000[27]
DEN: 281,500[59][61]
AUT: 417,500[32]
NZ: 450,000[34][35]

90 million[308]

Santana
United States
1966–present[309]
1969[309]
Rock[309]
7001618000000000000♠

Total available certified units: 61.8 million [show]

US: 47.475 million[11]
JPN: 400,000[b][12]
UK: 2.980 million[b][13]
GER: 2.4 million[b][14]
FRA: 3.510 million[b][15][16][53]
CAN: 1.660 million[b][17]
AUS: 855,000[b][18]
BRA: 375,000[b][21]
SWE: 125,000[b][22]
SPA]: 450,000[b][41][58]
MEX: 405,000[b][42]
SWI: 375,000[b][25]
BEL: 190,000[b][26][27]
ARG: 158,000[b][28][29]
AUT: 145,000[b][32]
POL: 205,000[b][33]
NZ: 135,000[b][34][35]

90 million[310]

The Carpenters
United States
1969–1983[311]
1969[311]
Pop[311]
7001460000000000000♠

Total available certified units: 46 million [show]

US: 34.6 million[11]
JPN: 2.9 million[b][12][115][312]
UK: 7.950 million[b][13]
GER: 250,000[b][14]
CAN: 275,000[b][17]
BRA: 100,000[b][21]

90 million[313]

Lionel Richie
United States
1968–present[314]
1981[314]
Pop / R&B[314]
7001404000000000000♠

Total available certified units: 40.4 million [show]

US: 28.650 million[11]
UK: 6.355 million[b][13]
GER: 1.050 million[b][14]
FRA: 1.4 million[b][15][16]
CAN: 2.380 million[b][17]
AUS: 260,000[b][18][315]
BRA: 100,000[b][21]
SPA: 150,000[24][40]
SWI: 145,000[b][25]

90 million[316]

Earth, Wind & Fire
United States
1969–present[317]
1971[317]
Funk / R&B / Soul[317]
7001356000000000000♠

Total available certified units: 35.6 million [show]

US: 31.8 million[11]
JPN: 500,000[b][12][318][319]
UK: 2.525 million[13]
FRA: 500,000[15][16]
CAN: 360,000[17]

90 million[320]

Johnny Cash
United States
1954–2003[321]
1956[321]
Country/ Rock and roll/ Gospel[321]
7001308000000000000♠

Total available certified units: 30.8 million [show]

US: 25.7 million[11]
UK: 3.710 million[b][13]
GER: 400,000[b][14]
CAN: 490,000[b][17]
AUS: 522,500[b][18]

90 million[322]

Nicki Minaj
United States
2008–present[323]
2010[323]
Hip hop, Pop[323]
7001716009999900000♠

Total available certified units: 71.6 million [show]

US: 58 million[11]
JPN: 350,000[52]
UK: 7.1 million[13]
GER: 800,000[14]
FRA: 225,000[16]
CAN: 480,000[17]
AUS: 2.835 million[18]
ITA: 375,000[20]
BRA: 250,000[21]
SWE: 400,000[22][57]
SPA: 100,000[23]
MEX: 150,000[42][98]
SWI: 180,000[25]
DEN: 190,000[61]
NZ: 187,500[34]

85 million[324]

R.E.M.
United States
1980–2011[325]
1983[325]
Alternative rock[325]
7001426000000000000♠

Total available certified units: 42.6 million [show]

US: 21.150 million[11]
UK: 8.765 million[13]
GER: 4.275 million[14]
FRA: 1.450 million[15][16]
CAN: 2.650 million[17]
AUS: 1.030[b][18][19]
ITA: 175,000[b][20]
BRA: 100,000[b][21]
SWE: 500,000[b][22]
SPA: 1.1 million[23][24][41][58]
SWI: 450,000[b][25]
BEL: 108,000[b][26][27]
ARG: 158,000[b][28][29]
DEN: 155,000[b][59][60]
AUT: 350,000[b][32]
IRE: 127,500[b][102]
NZ: 105,000[34]

85 million[326]

Flo Rida
United States
2007–present[327]
2007[327]
Hip-hop, Hip house, EDM[327]
7001698000000000000♠

Total available certified units: 69.8 million [show]

US: 49 million[11]
JPN: 650,000[b][12][52]
UK: 7.960 million[13]
GER: 3 million[14]
FRA: 225,000[16]
CAN: 2.810 million[17]
AUS: 3.535 million[b][18]
ITA: 330,000[b][20]
SWE: 780,000[22]
SPA: 140,000[58]
MEX: 330,000[b][42]
SWI: 420,000[25]
DEN: 205,000[b][61]
AUT: 180,000[32]
NZ: 247,500[34][35]

80 million[328]

Ayumi Hamasaki
Japan
1998–present[329]
1998[329]
J-pop / Pop / dance / electronic[329]
7001643000000000000♠

Total available certified units: 64.3 million [show]

JPN: 64.3 million[12][52][106]

80 million[330][331]

Van Halen
United States
1978–present[332]
1978[332]
Hard rock / Heavy metal[332]
7001643000000000000♠

Total available certified units: 64.3 million [show]

US: 57.8 million[11]
JPN: 1.3 million[b][12][129]
UK: 740,000[13]
GER: 1.5 million[14]
FRA: 400,000[15]
CAN: 2.450 million[17]
BRA: 200,000[b][21]

80 million[333]

Red Hot Chili Peppers
United States
1983–present[334]
1987[334]
Funk rock / Alternative rock[334]
7001578000000000000♠

Total available certified units: 57.8 million [show]

US: 32.250 million[11]
JPN: 2.6 million[b][12][52]
UK: 9.995 million[13]
GER: 2.650 million[14]
FRA: 1.420 million[16]
CAN: 2.020 million[17]
AUS: 2.590 million[b][18][19]
ITA: 455,000[b][20]
BRA: 515,000[b][21]
SWE: 390,000[b][22]
SPA: 640,000[23][41][58]
MEX: 150,000[b][42]
SWI: 405,000[b][25]
BEL: 170,000[b][27]
ARG: 406,000[28][29]
DEN: 227,000[b][59][60][69][335]
AUT: 247,500[b][32]
POL: 245,000[b][33]
FIN: 171,951[47]
NZ: 285,000[34][35]

80 million[336]

Foreigner
United States
United Kingdom
1976–present[337]
1977[337]
Rock / Hard Rock[337]
7001496000000000000♠

Total available certified units: 49.6 million [show]

US: 45.1 million[11]
UK: 1.300 million[13]
GER: 1.5 million[14]
FRA: 400,000[15][16]
CAN: 700,000[17]
AUS: 105,000[b][18]
SWI: 125,000[b][25]

80 million[338]

The Doors
United States
1965–1973[339]
1967[339]
Psychedelic rock[339]
7001469000000000000♠

Total available certified units: 46.9 million [show]

US: 36.6 million[11]
UK: 2.040 million[b][13]
GER: 1.750 million[b][14]
FRA: 1.9 million[b][15][16]
CAN: 2.780 million[b][17]
AUS: 1.022 million[b][18]
ITA: 130,000[b][20]
BRA: 100,000[21]
SPA: 300,000[b][40][58]
SWI: 125,000[b][25]
ARG: 150,000[b][28]
AUT: 100,000[b][32]

80 million[340]

George Michael
United Kingdom
1981–2016[341]
1984[341]
Pop[341]
7001468000000000000♠

Total available certified units: 46.8 million [show]

US: 20.8 million[11]
JPN: 300,000[b][12]
UK: 12.850 million[13]
GER: 2.4 million[14]
FRA: 3.217 million[15][16][53]
CAN: 1.870 million[17]
AUS: 2.205 million[b][18][19]
BRA: 350,000[b][21]
SWE: 310,000[b][22]
SPA: 850,000[23][24][40][41][58]
SWI: 335,000[b][25]
BEL: 215,000[b][26][27]
ARG: 118,000[28][29]
DEN: 380,000[59][61][69][342]
AUT: 140,000[b][32]
POL: 340,000[b][33]
NZ: 140,000[34][35]

80 million[343]

Reba McEntire
United States
1975–present[344]
1987[344]
Country / Country Pop[344]
7001427000000000000♠

Total available certified units: 42.7 million [show]

US: 41.9 million[11]
CAN: 850,000[17]

80 million[345]

Meat Loaf
United States
1968–present[346]
1977[346]
Rock / Hard rock[346]
7001417000000000000♠

Total available certified units: 41.7 million [show]

US: 23.6 million[11]
UK: 9.665 million[13]
GER: 2.350 million[14]
CAN: 3.260 million[17]
AUS: 2.522 million[b][18][19]
SWE: 100,000[b][22]
SWI: 115,000[b][25]
AUT: 100,000[b][32]

80 million[347]

Tom Petty
United States
1976–2017[348]
1977[348]
Rock[348]
7001346000000000000♠

Total available certified units: 34.6 million [show]

US: 31.250 million[11]
UK: 1 million[13]
GER: 500,000[14]
CAN: 1.7 million[17]
SWE: 200,000[b][22]

80 million[349]

Johnny Hallyday
France
1957–2017[350]
1960[350]
Rock / Pop[350]
7001248000000000000♠

Total available certified units: 24.8 million [show]

FRA: 24.137 million[b][15][16][53][83][351]
SWI: 268,000[b][25]
BEL: 445,000[b][26][27]

80 million[352]

text: 75 million to 79 million records

text:
Journey

Maroon 5

The Black Eyed Peas

Kenny G

Usher

Tupac Shakur

Robbie Williams

text:
Artist
Country / Market
Period active
Release-year of first charted record
Genre
Total certified units
(from available markets)[b]
Claimed sales

The Black Eyed Peas
United States
1995–present[353]
1998[353]
Hip-hop / R&B / Dance[353]
7001556000000000000♠

Total available certified units: 55.6 million [show]

US: 29.4 million[11]
JPN: 1.250 million[12][52]
UK: 10.8 million[13]
GER: 2.250 million[14]
FRA: 2.650 million[16]
CAN: 2.7 million[17]
AUS: 3.270 million[18]
ITA: 365,000[b][20]
BRA: 255,000[21]
SWE: 300,000[22][57]
SPA: 460,000[b][23]
MEX: 390,000[b][42]
SWI: 460,000[25]
BEL: 460,000[27]
DEN: 161,000[b][61][69][101][354][354][355]
IRE: 135,000[b][102]
NZ: 340,000[34][35]

76 million[356]

Journey
United States
1973–present[357]
1975[357]
Rock / Soft rock[357]
7001620000000000000♠

Total available certified units: 62 million [show]

US: 59.7 million[11]
JPN: 300,000[b][12][358]
UK: 1.360 million[13]
CAN: 725,000[17]

75 million[359]

Maroon 5
United States
1994–present[360]
2002[360]
Pop rock / Funk rock / Dance-pop[360]
7001589000000000000♠

Total available certified units: 58.9 million [show]

US: 33.2 million[11]
JPN: 1.9[12][52]
UK: 9.360 million[13]
GER: 1.150[14]
FRA: 825,000[16]
CAN: 3.525 million[17]
AUS: 2.835 million[18]
ITA: 760,000[b][20]
BRA: 380,000[21]
SWE: 650,000[22][57]
SPA: 210,000[b][23]
MEX: 3.365[42]
DEN: 462,500[b][61][60][59]
NZ: 300,000[34]

75 million[361]

Kenny G
United States
1982–present[362]
1984[362]
Smooth jazz[362]
7001519000000000000♠

Total available certified units: 51.9 million [show]

US: 48.1 million[11]
JPN: 700,000[b][12]
UK: 360,000[13]
CAN: 950,000[17]
BRA: 1.350 million[b][21]
SPA: 450,000[24][41]

75 million[363]

Usher
United States
1991–present[364]
1994[364]
R&B / Pop[364]
7001517000000000000♠

Total available certified units: 51.7 million [show]

US: 37.435 million[11]
JPN: 750,000 [12][52]
UK: 8.325 million[13]
GER: 1.150[14]
FRA: 210,000[16]
CAN: 1.190 million[17]
AUS: 2.112 million[18]
SWE: 105,000[22][57]
SWI: 170,000[25]
DEN: 137,500[b][61][60]
NZ: 150,000[34]

75 million[365]

Tupac Shakur
United States
1991–1996[366]
1991[366]
Hip hop[366]
7001513000000000000♠

Total available certified units: 51.3 million [show]

US: 46.2 million[11]
UK: 3.435 million[13]
GER: 500,000[14]
CAN: 820,000[17]
AUS: 395,000[18]

75 million[367]

Robbie Williams
United Kingdom
1990–present[368]
1996[368]
Pop rock[368]
7001505000000000000♠

Total available certified units: 50.5 million [show]

US: 500,000[11]
UK: 27.350 million[13]
GER: 9.475 million[14]
FRA: 2.695 million[16][53]
CAN: 250,000[17]
AUS: 2.905 million[18]
ITA: 385,000[b][20]
SWE: 445,000[22][57]
SPA: 440,000[b][23][58]
MEX: 1.595 million[b][42]
SWI: 983,000[25]
BEL: 600,000[26][27]
ARG: 462,000[28][29]
DEN: 631,500[b][59][60][61][69][77]
AUT: 917,500[32]
POL: 140,000[33]
FIN: 235,743[47]
IRE: 135,000[b][102]
NZ: 445,000[34]

75 million[369]

Enya
Ireland
1982–present[370]
1987[370]
New-age / Celtic[370]
7001500000000000000♠

Total available certified units: 50 million [show]

US: 26.5 million[11]
JPN: 4.6 million[b][12]
UK: 5.250 million[13]
GER: 4.2 million[14]
FRA: 775,000[15][16]
CAN: 1.540 million[17]
AUS: 1.505[b][18][19]
BRA: 1.650 million[b][21]
SWE: 390,000[22]
SPA: 1.760 million[23][41]
MEX: 125,000[b][42]
SWI: 370,000[b][25]
BEL: 460,000[b][27]
ARG: 390,000[28]
DEN: 100,000[b][30][371][372][373]
AUT: 185,000[b][32]
POL: 120,000[b][33]
NZ: 135,000[34]

75 million[374]

Alabama
United States
1972–present[375]
1980[375]
Country / Pop rock[375]
7001480000000000000♠

Total available certified units: 48 million [show]

US: 46.8 million[11]
CAN: 1.2 million[17]

75 million[376]

Nirvana
United States
1987–1994[377]
1989[377]
Grunge / Alternative rock[377]
7001459000000000000♠

Total available certified units: 45.9 million [show]

US: 26.5 million[11]
JPN: 1.3 million[b][12]
UK: 5.770 million[13]
GER: 1.250 million[14]
FRA: 2.5 million[15][16]
CAN: 2.970 million[17]
AUS: 1.257[b][18][202][378]
ITA: 525,000[b][20]
BRA: 725,000[b][21]
SWE: 380,000[22]
SPA: 450,000[23][24][41]
MEX: 475,000[b][42]
SWI: 190,000[25]
BEL: 350,000[b][26][27]
ARG: 522,000[28][29]
AUT: 230,000[b][32]
POL: 300,000[b][33]
NZ: 215,000[34][35]

75 million[379]

Bryan Adams
Canada
1979–present[380]
1979[380]
Rock[380]
7001446000000000000♠

Total available certified units: 44.6 million [show]

US: 21 million[11]
JPN: 600,000[b][12]
UK: 8.675 million[13]
GER: 3.850 million[14]
FRA: 650,000[15][16][53]
CAN: 5.120 million[17]
AUS: 2.010 million[b][18][381]
BRA: 100,000[b][21]
SWE: 440,000[b][22]
SPA: 450,000 [b][24][41][58]
SWI: 805,000[b][25]
BEL: 250,000[b][26][27]
DEN: 105,000[b][60][61]
AUT: 375,000[b][32]
FIN: 183,444[47]

75 million[382]

Bob Marley
Jamaica
1962–1981[383]
1975[383]
Reggae[383]
7001389000000000000♠

Total available certified units: 38.9 million [show]

US: 21.850 million[11]
JPN: 200,000[b][12]
UK: 7.4 million[13]
GER: 1.750 million[14]
FRA: 4.735 million[16]
CAN: 600,000[17]
AUS: 350,000[384][385]
ITA: 250,000[b][20]
SWE: 120,000[b][22]
SPA: 450,000[b][24][40][41][58]
SWI: 303,000[b][25]
ARG: 376,000[b][28][29]
AUT: 125,000[b][32]
NZ: 427,500[b][34][35]

75 million[386]

The Police
United Kingdom
1977–1986
2007–2008[387]
1978[387]
Pop / Rock[387]
7001388009999900000♠

Total available certified units: 38.8 million [show]

US: 23.150 million[11]
JPN: 100,000[b][12]
UK: 8.160 million[13]
GER: 1.775 million[14]
FRA: 3.340 million[15][16][53]
CAN: 875,000[17]
AUS: 407,500[b][18]
ITA: 100,000[b][20]
BRA: 140,000[b][21]
SPA: 300,000[b][24][40]
MEX: 100,000[b][42]
BEL: 115,000[b][388][389][390]
ARG: 228,000[b][28][29]

75 million[391]

Barry Manilow
United States
1973–present[392]
1973[392]
Pop / Soft rock[392]
7001365000000000000♠

Total available certified units: 36.5 million [show]

US: 33.3 million[11]
UK: 2.825 million[13]
CAN: 400,000[b][17]

75 million[393]

Kiss
United States
1972–present[394]
1974[394]
Hard rock / Heavy metal[394]
7001278000000000000♠

Total available certified units: 27.8 million [show]

US: 26 million[11]
CAN: 1.495 million[b][17]
UK: 100,000[13]
AUS: 130,000[b][18]
ARG: 112,000[b][28]

75 million[395]

Aretha Franklin
United States
1956–present[396]
1961[396]
Soul / Jazz / Blues / R&B[396]
7001247000000000000♠

Total available certified units: 24.7 million [show]

US: 23.5 million[11]
UK: 840,000[b][13]
FRA: 275,000[b][15][16]
CAN: 150,000[b][17]

75 million[397]


document_title: Category:Nuclear power plants in Washington (state)

question_text: how many nuclear power plants in washington state

text:
Washington portal
Energy portal
Nuclear technology portal

text: Wikimedia Commons has media related to Nuclear power plants in Washington (state).

text: Pages in category "Nuclear power plants in Washington (state)"

text: The following 3 pages are in this category, out of  3 total. This list may not reflect recent changes (learn more).

text: C

text: Columbia Generating Station

text: N

text: N-Reactor

text: W

text: WNP-3 and WNP-5

text: Nuclear power stations in the United States by statePower stations in Washington (state)Nuclear reactors in Washington (state)