document_title: List of people considered father or mother of a scientific field

question_text: who is considered the father of modern cosmology

text: Natural sciences[edit]

text: Biology[edit]

text:
Field

Person/sconsidered "father" or "mother"

Rationale

Bacteriology

Robert Koch / Ferdinand Cohn[4] / Louis Pasteur

First to produce precise, correct descriptions of bacteria.

Antonie van Leeuwenhoek[5]

Biogeography

Alfred Russel Wallace

"...Often described as the Father of Biogeography, Wallace shows the impact of human activity on the natural world."[6]

Biology[n 1]

Aristotle

[7]

Ecology

Carl Linnaeus / Ernst Haeckel / Eugenius Warming[8]

Linnaeus founded an early branch of ecology that he called The Economy of Nature (1772), Haeckel coined the term "ecology" (German: Oekologie, Ökologie) (1866), Warming authored the first book on plant ecology. Plantesamfund (1895).

Entomology

Jan Swammerdam

[9]

Johan Christian Fabricius[10]

Fabricius described and published information on over 10,000 insects and refined Linnaeus's system of classification.

William Kirby

[11]

Ethology

Nikolaas TinbergenKarl von Frisch Konrad Lorenz

The modern discipline of ethology is generally considered to have begun during the 1930s with the work of Nikolaas Tinbergen, Konrad Lorenz and Karl von Frisch, joint awardees of the 1973 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine.[12]

EvolutionNatural selection

Charles Darwin[13][14][15]

On the Origin of Species (1859).

Genetics

Gregor Mendel

For his study of the inheritance of traits in pea plants, which forms the basis for Mendelian inheritance.[16]

William Bateson

Proponent of Mendelism.[17]

Ichthyology

Peter Artedi

"Far greater than either of these… was he who has been justly called the Father of Ichthyology, Petrus (Peter) Artedi (1705–35)."[18]

Lichenology

Erik Acharius

"Erik Acharius, the father of lichenology..."[19]

Microbiology

Antonie van Leeuwenhoek / Louis Pasteur[20]

The first to microscopically observe micro-organisms in water and the first to see bacteria.

Molecular biology

Linus Pauling

[21]

Molecular biophysics

Gopalasamudram Narayana Iyer Ramachandran[22]

Founded the [world's first?] molecular biophysics unit (1970).

Paleontology

Leonardo da VinciGeorge Cuvier

[23]

Parasitology

Francesco Redi

The founder of experimental biology and the first person to challenge the theory of spontaneous generation by demonstrating that maggots come from eggs of flies.[24]

Protozoology

Antonie van Leeuwenhoek[5]

First to produce precise, correct descriptions of protozoa.

Taxonomy

Carl Linnaeus[25]

Devised the system of naming living organisms that became universally accepted in the scientific world.

Virology

Dmitry Ivanovsky  Martinus Beijerinck

The first men to discover viruses (1892).

text: Chemistry[edit]

text:
Field

Person/sconsidered "father" or "mother"

Rationale

Atomic theory (early)

Democritus[26]

Founder of atomism in cosmology.

Atomic theory (modern)

Father Roger Boscovich[27]

First coherent description of atomic theory.

John Dalton[28]

First scientific description of the atom as a building block for more complex structures.

Chemical thermodynamics (modern)

Gilbert Lewis / Willard Gibbs / Merle Randall / Edward Guggenheim[29]

Thermodynamics and the Free Energy of Chemical Substances (1923) and Modern Thermodynamics by the Methods of Willard Gibbs (1933), which made a major contribution to the use of thermodynamics in chemistry.

Chemistry (early)

Jabir ("Geber") ibn Hayyan (died 815)[30][31][32][33]

Introduced the experimental method to Islamic alchemy.

Chemistry (modern)

Antoine Lavoisier[34]

Elements of Chemistry (1787)

Robert Boyle[34]

The Sceptical Chymist (1661)

Jöns Berzelius[35][36]

Development of chemical nomenclature (1800s)

John Dalton[34]

Revival of atomic theory (1803)

Green chemistry

Paul Anastas[37]

Design and manufacture of chemicals that are non-hazardous and environmentally benign.

Nuclear chemistry

Otto Hahn[38]

Applied Radiochemistry (1936)First person to split an atomic nucleus (nuclear fission, 1938)Nobel Prize in Chemistry for this discovery (1944)

Periodic table

Dmitri Mendeleev[39]

Arranged the sixty-six elements known at the time in order of atomic weight by periodic intervals (1869).

Physical chemistry

Mikhail Lomonosov

The first to read lectures in physical chemistry and coin the term (1752).

Jacobus van 't Hoff

Jacobus van 't Hoff is considered to be one of the founders of the discipline of physical chemistry. His work helped found the discipline as it is today.[40][41][42]

Svante Arrhenius[43]

Devised much of the theoretical foundation for physical chemistry. On the Equilibrium of Heterogeneous Substances (1876), Thermodynamik chemischer Vorgange (1882).

Wilhelm Ostwald

"Wilhelm Ostwald is considered one of the founders of the discipline of physical chemistry..."[44]

Hermann von Helmholtz

[citation needed]

text: Earth sciences[edit]

text:
Field

Person/sconsidered "father" or "mother"

Rationale

Geochemistry (modern)

Victor Goldschmidt

For developing the Goldschmidt classification of elements.

Early geodesy (mathematical geography)

Eratosthenes[45][46]

Eratosthenes was first to write the word Geography (from Geo- and -graphy, literally "writing about the Earth")

Modern geodesy

Al-Biruni[47][48]

Geology (modern)

Father Nicholas Steno[49]James Hutton[50]

For setting down most of the principles of modern geology.For formulating uniformitarianism and the Plutonic theory.

Limnology (modern)

G. Evelyn Hutchinson

[51]

Mineralogy

Georgius Agricola

[52]

MeteorologyNaval oceanography (modern)

Matthew Fontaine Maury

[53]

Plate tectonics

Alfred Wegener

[citation needed]

Acoustical oceanography

Leonid Brekhovskikh

[54]

Stratigraphy

Father Nicholas Steno

[49]

Speleology

Édouard-Alfred Martel

Began the first systematic exploration of cave systems and promoted speleology as a field separate from geology.

text: Medicine and physiology[edit]

text:
Field

Person/sconsidered "father" or "mother"

Rationale

Anatomy (modern)

Marcello Malpighi

Biophysics

Hermann von Helmholtz

Biomechanics

Christian Wilhelm Braune

First to describe the methodology of human gait walking.

Bioelectromagnetics

Luigi Galvani

First to discover animal electricity through a series of experiments.

Cognitive therapy

Aaron T. Beck

"In developing ways to do this, Beck became the father of cognitive therapy, one of the most important developments in psychotherapy in the last 50 years."[55]The Prospect of Immortality (1962)

Cryonics

Robert Ettinger

[56]

Dentistry (modern)

Pierre Fauchard

[57]

Electrophysiology

Emil du Bois-Reymond

The discoverer of nerve action potential.

Emergency medicine

Peter Safar[58][59]Frank Pantridge

Safar pioneered CPR, intensive-care units and developed standards for EMT, ambulance design and equipment.Pantridge: [60]

Epidemiology (modern)

John Snow

Fitness

Jack LaLanne

[61]

Gynaecology

J. Marion Sims

[62][63]

Histology

Marcello Malpighi

Human anatomy (modern)

Vesalius[64]

De humani corporis fabrica (1543)

Medical genetics

Victor McKusick[65]

Mendelian Inheritance in Man

Medicine (early)

Imhotep[66]Charaka[67]Hippocrates[68][69]

None.Wrote the Charaka Samhitā and founded the Ayurveda system of medicine.Prescribed professional practices for physicians through the Hippocratic Oath.

Medicine (modern)

Sir William Osler

Neurosurgery

Harvey Cushing[70]

Developed techniques that considerably reduced the risks involved with brain surgery in the early 20th Century.[70]

Nursing (modern)

Florence Nightingale

See Nursing#History.

Nutrition (modern)

Justus von LiebigAntoine-Laurent Lavoisier

"Justus Von Liebig, the 'father of modern nutrition', developed the perfect infant food. It consisted of [...]"[71]"In addition to being known as the Father of Modern Chemistry, Lavoisier is also considered the Father of Modern Nutrition, as the first to discover the metabolism that occurs inside the human body..."[72]

Organ transplantation

Thomas Starzl[73]

Performed the first human liver transplant and established the clinical utility of anti-rejection drugs including ciclosporin. Developed major advances in organ preservation,  procurement and transplantation.

Orthopedic surgery (modern)

Hugh Owen Thomas[74]

He stressed the importance of rest in treatment and was responsible for many landmark contributions to orthopaedic surgery. He was especially celebrated for his design and use of splints; the famous Thomas knee splint was still in wide use at the end of World War II.

Psychology (experimental)

Wilhelm Wundt[75]

Founded the first laboratory for psychological research.

Pediatrics

Muhammad ibn Zakarīya Rāzi ("Rhazes")[76]

Wrote The Diseases of Children, the first book to deal with pediatrics as an independent field.

Physiology

Claude Bernard[77]

An Introduction to the Study of Experimental Medicine (1865)

Physical culture

Bernarr Macfadden

"It delighted the heart of our old friend Bernarr Macfadden, 'the Father of Physical Culture,' when we told him how much athletic activity and good sportsmanship had to do with the rehabilitation of boys."[78]

Plastic surgery

Sushruta[79][80]Harold Gillies

Wrote the Sushruta Samhita.

Psychoanalysis

Sigmund Freud

[81]

Psychophysics

Ernst Heinrich WeberGustav Fechner[82]

Elements of Psychophysics (1860)

Space medicine

Hubertus Strughold

"After Wernher von Braun, he was the top Nazi scientist employed by the American government, and he was subsequently hailed by NASA as the 'father of space medicine'"[83]

Surgery (early)

Sushruta[79][80]

Wrote the Sushruta Samhita.

Surgery (modern)

Abu al-Qasim ("Abulcasis") al-Zahrawi[84]Guy de Chauliac[85]Ambroise ParéJohn HunterJoseph ListerWilliam Stewart HalstedSee also Father of modern surgery

Kitab al-Tasrif (1000 AD).Chirurgia magnaLeader in surgical techniques, especially the treatment of wounds.[86]Experimental, scientific approach to surgery.[87][88]Use of carbolic acid as an antiseptic.[89][90]Introduction of residency system in the United States.[91]

Toxicology

Paracelsus

[92]

text: Physics and astronomy[edit]

text:
Field

Person/sconsidered "father" or "mother"

Rationale

Acoustics

Ernst Chladni[93]

For important research in vibrating plates

Atomic bomb

Enrico FermiJ. Robert OppenheimerLeslie GrovesEdward Teller

For their role in the Manhattan Project

Aerodynamics

Nikolai ZhukovskyGeorge Cayley[94]

Zhukovsky was the first to undertake the study of airflow, was the first engineer scientist to explain mathematically the origin of aerodynamic lift. Cayley Investigated theoretical aspects of flight and experimented with flight a century before the first airplane was built

Physical cosmology

Albert Einstein (founder)
Henrietta Leavitt (mother)[95]
Edwin Hubble (father)[95]

Leavitt discovered Cepheid variables, the "Standard Candle" by which Hubble later determined galactic distances. Einstein's general theory of relativity is usually recognized as the theoretic foundation of modern cosmology.

Classical mechanics

Isaac Newton (founder)[96]

Described laws of motion and law of gravity in Philosophiae Naturalis Principia Mathematica (1687)

Electricity

William Gilbert[97]Michael Faraday[98]

Book: De Magnete (1600)Discovered electromagnetic induction (1831)

Electrodynamics

André-Marie Ampère[99]

Book: Memoir on the Mathematical Theory of Electrodynamic Phenomena, Uniquely Deduced from Experience (1827)

Energetics

Willard Gibbs[100]

Publication: On the Equilibrium of Heterogeneous Substances (1876)

Experimental physics (founder)

Ibn al-Haytham (Alhazen)[101][102]

For introducing experimental method into physics with his Book of Optics (1021)

Modern astronomy

Nicolaus Copernicus[103]

Developed the first explicit heliocentric model in De revolutionibus orbium coelestium (1543)

Nuclear physics

Ernest Rutherford[104]

Developed the Rutherford atom model (1909)

Nuclear science

Marie CuriePierre Curie[105]

Optics

Ibn al-Haytham (Alhazen)[106]

Correctly explained vision and carried out the first experiments on light and optics in the Book of Optics (1021).

Physics (early)

Ibn al-Haytham (Alhazen)[107]Francis Bacon[108]

Alhazen developed rigorous experimental methods of controlled scientific testing to verify theoretical hypotheses and substantiate inductive conjectures.
Developed Baconian method in his Novum Organum (1620).

Physics (modern)

Galileo Galilei[109]

His development and extensive use of experimental physics, e.g. the telescope

Plasma physics

Irving LangmuirHannes Alfvén[110]

Langmuir first described ionised gas as plasma and observed fundamental plasma vibrations, Langmuir waves.Alfvén pioneered the theoretical description of plasma by developing magnetohydrodynamics.

Quantum mechanics

Max Planck (founder)[111]Werner Heisenberg

Stated that electromagnetic energy could be emitted only in quantized form

Relativity

Albert Einstein (founder)[112]

Pioneered special relativity (1905) and general relativity (1915)

Spaceflight (rocketry)

Robert Hutchings GoddardKonstantin TsiolkovskyHermann Oberth

Goddard launched the first liquid-fueled rocket.Tsiolkovsky created the Tsiolkovsky rocket equation.

Thermodynamics

Sadi Carnot (founder)[113]

Publication: On the Motive Power of Fire and Machines Fitted to Develop that Power (1824)

text: Formal sciences[edit]

text: Mathematics[edit]

text:
Field

Person/sconsidered "father" or "mother"

Rationale

Algebra(see also The father of algebra)

Muhammad Al-Khwarizmi (Algorismi)[114] Brahmagupta[115]Diophantus[116][117]

Full exposition of solving quadratic equations in his Al-Jabr and recognized algebra as an independent discipline.First use of symbolism (syncopation) in his Arithmetica.

Algebraic topology

Henri Poincaré[118]

Published Analysis Situs in 1895,[119] introducing the concepts of homotopy and homology, which are now considered part of algebraic topology.

Analysis

Augustin-Louis Cauchy[120]Karl Weierstrass[121]

Analytic geometry

René DescartesPierre de Fermat[122] (founders)

For their independent invention of the Cartesian Coordinate System

Calculus

Isaac Newton[123]Gottfried Leibniz

See Leibniz and Newton calculus controversy.

Classical analysis

Madhava of Sangamagrama[124]

Developed Taylor series expansions of trigonometric functions

Computer science

Charles BabbageAlan Turing

In the history of computer science Babbage is often regarded as one of the first pioneers of computing and Turing invented the principle of the modern computer and the stored program concept that almost all modern day computers use.

Computer programming

Ada Lovelace

Work on Charles Babbage's proposed mechanical general-purpose computer, the Analytical Engine

Cryptanalysis

Al-Kindi[125][126][127]

Developed the first code breaking algorithm based on frequency analysis. He wrote a book entitled "Manuscript on Deciphering Cryptographic Messages", containing detailed discussions on statistics.

Descriptive geometry

Gaspard Monge[128](founder)

Developed a graphical protocol that creates three-dimensional virtual space on a two-dimensional plane

Fractal geometry

Benoît B. Mandelbrot

Geometry

Euclid[129]

Euclid's Elements deduced the principles of Euclidean geometry from a set of axioms.

Graph theory

Leonhard Euler[130]

See Seven Bridges of Königsberg

Italian school of algebraic geometry

Corrado Segre[131]

Publications and students developing algebraic geometry

Modern algebra

Emmy Noether[132]

Provided the first general definitions of a commutative ring, and suggested that topology be studied algebraically.[133] Combined the structure theory of associative algebras and the representation theory of groups into a single arithmetic theory of modules and ideals in rings satisfying ascending chain conditions.[134]

Non-Euclidean geometry

János Bolyai,Nikolai Lobachevsky[135](founders)

Independent development of hyperbolic geometry in which Euclid's fifth postulate is not true

Number theory

Pythagoras[136]

Probability

Gerolamo Cardano, Pierre de Fermat, Blaise Pascal, Christiaan Huygens[137] (founders)

Fermat and Pascal co-founded probability theory, about which Huygens wrote the first book

Projective geometry

Girard Desargues[138](founder)

By generalizing the use of vanishing points to include the case when these are infinitely far away

Tensor calculus

Gregorio Ricci-Curbastro[139](founder)

Book: The Absolute Differential Calculus

Trigonometry

Hipparchus[140][141]

Constructed the first trigonometric table.

Vector algebra,vector calculus

Willard Gibbs[142]Oliver Heaviside[143](founders)

For their development and use of vectors in algebra and calculus

text: Systems theory[edit]

text:
Field

Person/sconsidered "father" or "mother"

Rationale

Chaos theory

Henri Poincaré[144]Mary Cartwright[145][146]Edward Lorenz[147]

Poincaré's work on the three-body problem was the first discovered example of a chaotic dynamical system. Cartwright made the first mathematical analysis of dynamical systems with chaos. Lorenz introduced strange attractor notation.

Cybernetics

Norbert Wiener[148]

Book Cybernetics: Or the Control and Communication in the Animal and the Machine. 1948.

Dynamic programming

Richard E. Bellman

Fuzzy logic

Lotfi Asker Zadeh

Information theory

Claude Shannon[149]

Article: A Mathematical Theory of Communication (1948)

Optimal control

Arthur E. Bryson[150]

Book: Applied Optimal Control[151]

Robust control

George Zames[citation needed]

Small gain theorem and H infinity control.

Stability theory

Alexander Lyapunov[citation needed]

Lyapunov function

System dynamics

Jay Wright Forrester[152]

Book: Industrial dynamics (1961)

text: Social sciences[edit]

text:
Field

Person/sconsidered "father" or "mother"

Rationale

Anthropology

Herodotus[153]Abū Rayhān al-Bīrūnī[154][155]

Bibliometrics

Paul Otlet

The term bibliométrie was first used by Paul Otlet in 1934[156] and defined as "the measurement of all aspects related to the publication and reading of books and documents."[157]

Demography

Ibn Khaldun[158]

Muqaddimah (Prolegomena) (1377)

Egyptology

Father Athanasius Kircher[159]
Jean-François Champollion[citation needed]

First to identify the phoenetic importance of the hieroglyph, and he demonstrated Coptic as a vestige of early Egyptian, before the Rosetta stone's discovery.Translated parts of the Rosetta Stone.

Historiography

Ibn Khaldun

Wrote several essential books

History

Herodotus (who also coined the term)

Indology

Abū Rayhān al-Bīrūnī[155]

Wrote the Indica

International law

Alberico GentiliFrancisco de VitoriaHugo Grotius

Influential contributions to the theory of international law, war and human rights

Linguistics (early)

Panini

Wrote the first descriptive grammar (of Sanskrit)

Linguistics (modern)

Ferdinand de Saussure
Noam Chomsky

Sociology

Ibn Khaldun[158][160]Adam Ferguson[161]Auguste Comte (who also coined the term)[162]Marquis de Condorcet (founder)[163]

Wrote the first sociological book, the Muqaddimah (Prolegomena)."Father of modern sociology"Introduced the scientific method into sociology.

text: Economics[edit]

text:
Field

Person(s)considered "father" or "mother"

Rationale

Accounting and bookkeeping

Luca Pacioli[164]

Establisher of accounting and the first person to publish a work on bookkeeping.[164]

Economics (early)

Ibn Khaldun[165]Chanakya / Kautilya[166]

Publication: Muqaddimah (1370)Publication: Arthashastra (400 BCE - 200 CE)

Economics (modern)

Richard Cantillon[167]Anders Chydenius[168]Adam Smith[169]

First specific treatise on economics.The National Gain (1765), a pamphlet that included key ideas about free trade.[170]The Wealth of Nations (1776).

Evolutionary economicsEcological economicsThermoeconomicsbioeconomics

Nicholas Georgescu-Roegen[171][172][173][174][175]

The Entropy Law and the Economic Process (1971)

Macroeconomics

John Maynard Keynes[176]

Author of The General Theory of Employment, Interest and Money and groundbreaking economist, Keynes spearheaded a revolution in economic thinking. Prior to Keynes, the general consensus among economists was that the economy was self-fixing. During the Great Depression, when people began to realize that the economy would not fix itself, Keynes proposed that the government needed to intervene to combat excessive boom and bust. This idea was the largest influence in U.S. President Franklin D. Roosevelt's New Deal.[177][178]

Mathematical economics

Daniel Bernoulli

Forerunner of the Tableau économique.[179]

Monetary economics

Nicole Oresme (c. 1322–1382)[180]Irving Fisher (1867–1947)Milton Friedman (1912–2006)

Oresme's De Moneta."Irving Fisher [...] spent his career studying questions about money and the economy - how money affects interest rates, how money affects inflation, and the impact of money on overall economic activity. For this work, he is regarded as the father of monetary economics."[181]"[...] no less an authority than the University of Chicago's Milton Friedman, the father of monetary economics, [...]"[182]

Microcredit

Muhammad Yunus[183]

Founded Grameen Bank

Personnel economics

Edward Lazear

Published the first paper in the field.

text: Schools of thought[edit]

text:
Field

Person(s)considered "father" or "mother"

Rationale

Austrian School

Carl Menger[184]

Communism

Karl MarxFriedrich EngelsDavid Ricardo[185]

School of Salamanca

Francisco de Vitoria[186]

Highly influential teacher and lecturer on commercial morality

text: Theories[edit]

text:
Field

Person(s)considered "father" or "mother"

Rationale

Expectations theory

Thomas Cardinal Cajetan[187]

Recognised the effect of market expectations on the value of money

Modern portfolio theory

Harry Markowitz[188]

Social choice theory

Kenneth Arrow

Created the field with his 1951 book Social Choice and Individual Values.

text: Other fields[edit]

text:
Field

Person/sconsidered "father" or "mother"

Rationale

Science (modern)

Galileo Galilei[189][190][191]

For systemic use of experimentation in science and contributions to scientific method, physics and observational astronomy

Family and consumer science

Ellen Swallow Richards

Founded the American Association of Home Economics, currently the American Association of Family & Consumer Sciences. "Bringing science into the home, Richards hoped to "...attain the best physical, mental, and moral development" for the family, which she believed was the basic unit of civilization."[192]


document_title: List of winners of the New York City Marathon

question_text: when was the last time an american won the new york marathon

root

text: Men's open division[edit]

text:
Year
Winner
Country
Time
Notes

1970
Gary Muhrcke
 United States
2:31:38
Course record

1971
Norman Higgins
 United States
2:22:54
Course record

1972
Sheldon Karlin
 United States
2:27:52

1973
Tom Fleming
 United States
2:21:54
Course record

1974
Norbert Sander
 United States
2:26:30

1975
Tom Fleming
 United States
2:19:27
Course record, 2nd victory

1976
Bill Rodgers
 United States
2:10:10
Course record

1977
Bill Rodgers
 United States
2:11:28
2nd victory

1978
Bill Rodgers
 United States
2:12:12
3rd victory

1979
Bill Rodgers
 United States
2:11:42
4th victory

1980
Alberto Salazar
 United States
2:09:41
Course record

1981
Alberto Salazar
 United States
2:08:13
World record, 2nd victory

1982
Alberto Salazar
 United States
2:09:29
3rd victory

1983
Rod Dixon
 New Zealand
2:08:59

1984
Orlando Pizzolato
 Italy
2:14:53

1985
Orlando Pizzolato
 Italy
2:11:34
2nd victory

1986
Gianni Poli
 Italy
2:11:06

1987
Ibrahim Hussein
 Kenya
2:11:01

1988
Steve Jones
 United Kingdom
2:08:20

1989
Juma Ikangaa
 Tanzania
2:08:01
Course record

1990
Douglas Wakiihuri
 Kenya
2:12:39

1991
Salvador García
 Mexico
2:09:28

1992
Willie Mtolo
 South Africa
2:09:29

1993
Andrés Espinosa
 Mexico
2:10:04

1994
Germán Silva
 Mexico
2:11:21

1995
Germán Silva
 Mexico
2:11:00
2nd victory

1996
Giacomo Leone
 Italy
2:09:54

1997
John Kagwe
 Kenya
2:08:12

1998
John Kagwe
 Kenya
2:08:45
2nd victory

1999
Joseph Chebet
 Kenya
2:09:14

2000
Abdelkader El Mouaziz
 Morocco
2:10:09

2001
Tesfaye Jifar
 Ethiopia
2:07:43
Course record

2002
Rodgers Rop
 Kenya
2:08:07

2003
Martin Lel
 Kenya
2:10:30

2004
Hendrick Ramaala
 South Africa
2:09:28

2005
Paul Tergat
 Kenya
2:09:30

2006
Marílson Gomes dos Santos
 Brazil
2:09:58

2007
Martin Lel
 Kenya
2:09:04
2nd victory

2008
Marílson Gomes dos Santos
 Brazil
2:08:43
2nd victory

2009
Meb Keflezighi
 United States
2:09:15

2010
Gebregziabher Gebremariam
 Ethiopia
2:08:14

2011
Geoffrey Mutai
 Kenya
2:05:06
Course record

2012
Cancelled due to Hurricane Sandy

2013
Geoffrey Mutai
 Kenya
2:08:24
2nd victory

2014
Wilson Kipsang
 Kenya
2:10:59

2015
Stanley Biwott
 Kenya
2:10:34

2016
Ghirmay Ghebreslassie
 Eritrea
2:07:51

2017
Geoffrey Kamworor
 Kenya
2:10:53

tag: table

text: Women's open division[edit]

text:
Year
Winner
Country
Time
Notes

1972
Nina Kuscsik
 United States
3:08:41
Course record

1973
Nina Kuscsik
 United States
2:57:07
Course record, 2nd victory

1974
Kathrine Switzer
 United States
3:07:29

1975
Kim Merritt
 United States
2:46:14
Course record

1976
Miki Gorman
 United States
2:39:11
Course record

1977
Miki Gorman
 United States
2:43:10
2nd victory

1978
Grete Waitz
 Norway
2:32:30
Course record

1979
Grete Waitz
 Norway
2:27:33
Course record, 2nd victory

1980
Grete Waitz
 Norway
2:25:42
Course record, 3rd victory

1981
Allison Roe
 New Zealand
2:25:29
Course record

1982
Grete Waitz
 Norway
2:27:14
4th victory

1983
Grete Waitz
 Norway
2:27:00
5th victory

1984
Grete Waitz
 Norway
2:29:30
6th victory

1985
Grete Waitz
 Norway
2:28:34
7th victory

1986
Grete Waitz
 Norway
2:28:06
8th victory

1987
Priscilla Welch
 United Kingdom
2:30:17

1988
Grete Waitz
 Norway
2:28:07
9th victory

1989
Ingrid Kristiansen
 Norway
2:25:30

1990
Wanda Panfil
 Poland
2:30:45

1991
Liz McColgan
 United Kingdom
2:27:32

1992
Lisa Ondieki
 Australia
2:24:40
Course record

1993
Uta Pippig
 Germany
2:26:24

1994
Tegla Loroupe
 Kenya
2:27:37

1995
Tegla Loroupe
 Kenya
2:28:06
2nd victory

1996
Anuţa Cătună
 Romania
2:28:18

1997
Franziska Rochat-Moser
 Switzerland
2:28:43

1998
Franca Fiacconi
 Italy
2:25:17

1999
Adriana Fernandez
 Mexico
2:25:06

2000
Lyudmila Petrova
 Russia
2:25:45

2001
Margaret Okayo
 Kenya
2:24:21
Course record

2002
Joyce Chepchumba
 Kenya
2:25:56

2003
Margaret Okayo
 Kenya
2:22:31
Course record, 2nd victory

2004
Paula Radcliffe
 United Kingdom
2:23:10

2005
Jeļena Prokopčuka
 Latvia
2:24:41

2006
Jeļena Prokopčuka
 Latvia
2:25:05
2nd victory

2007
Paula Radcliffe
 United Kingdom
2:23:09
2nd victory

2008
Paula Radcliffe
 United Kingdom
2:23:56
3rd victory

2009
Derartu Tulu
 Ethiopia
2:28:52

2010
Edna Kiplagat
 Kenya
2:28:20

2011
Firehiwot Dado
 Ethiopia
2:23:15

2012
Cancelled due to Hurricane Sandy

2013
Priscah Jeptoo
 Kenya
2:25:07

2014
Mary Keitany
 Kenya
2:25:07

2015
Mary Keitany
 Kenya
2:24:25
2nd victory

2016
Mary Keitany
 Kenya
2:24:26
3rd victory

2017
Shalane Flanagan
 United States
2:26:53
Fifth US woman to win; first since 1977

text: Men's wheelchair division[edit]

text:
Year
Winner
Country
Time
Notes

2000
Ayari, KamelKamel Ayari
 Tunisia
1:53:50
[1]

2001
Mendoza, SaúlSaúl Mendoza
 Mexico
1:39:29
Course record[2]

2002
Schabort, KrigeKrige Schabort
 South Africa
1:38:27
Course record[3]

2003
Schabort, KrigeKrige Schabort
 South Africa
1:32:19
Course record, 2nd victory[4]

2004
Mendoza, SaúlSaúl Mendoza
 Mexico
1:33:16
2nd victory[5]

2005
van Dyk, ErnstErnst van Dyk
 South Africa
1:31:11
Course record[6]

2006
Fearnley, KurtKurt Fearnley
 Australia
1:29:22
Course record[7]

2007
Fearnley, KurtKurt Fearnley
 Australia
1:33:58
2nd victory[8]

2008
Fearnley, KurtKurt Fearnley
 Australia
1:44:51
3rd victory[9]

2009
Fearnley, KurtKurt Fearnley
 Australia
1:35:58
4th victory

2010
Weir, DavidDavid Weir
 United Kingdom
1:37:29

2011
Soejima, MasazumiMasazumi Soejima
 Japan
1:31:41

2012
Cancelled due to Hurricane Sandy

2013
Hug, MarcelMarcel Hug
 Switzerland
1:40:14

2014
Fearnley, KurtKurt Fearnley
 Australia
1:30:55
5th victory (Note that the course was shortened by 3 miles at the start)

2015
van Dyk, ErnstErnst van Dyk
 South Africa
1:30:54
2nd victory

2016
Hug, MarcelMarcel Hug
 Switzerland
1:35:44
2nd victory

2017
Hug, MarcelMarcel Hug
 Switzerland
1:37.17
3rd victory

text: Women's wheelchair division[edit]

text:
Year
Winner
Country
Time
Notes

2000
Xuan, Anh Nguyen ThiAnh Nguyen Thi Xuan
 Vietnam
2:46:47
[1]

2001
Porcellato, FrancescaFrancesca Porcellato
 Italy
2:08:51
Course record[10]

2002
Blauwet, CheriCheri Blauwet
 United States
2:14:39
[3]

2003
Blauwet, CheriCheri Blauwet
 United States
1:59:30
Course record, 2nd victory[4]

2004
Hunkeler, EdithEdith Hunkeler
 Switzerland
1:53:27
Course record[5]

2005
Hunkeler, EdithEdith Hunkeler
 Switzerland
1:54:52
2nd victory[6]

2006
McGrory, AmandaAmanda McGrory
 United States
1:54:19
2 seconds ahead of 2nd-place finisher[7]

2007
Hunkeler, EdithEdith Hunkeler
 Switzerland
1:52:38
Course record, 3rd victory[8]

2008
Hunkeler, EdithEdith Hunkeler
 Switzerland
2:06:42
4th victory[9]

2009
Hunkeler, EdithEdith Hunkeler
 Switzerland
1:58:15
5th victory

2010
McFadden, TatyanaTatyana McFadden
 United States
2:02:22

2011
McGrory, AmandaAmanda McGrory
 United States
1:50:25
Course record

2012
Cancelled due to Hurricane Sandy

2013
McFadden, TatyanaTatyana McFadden
 United States
1:59:13
2nd victory

2014
McFadden, TatyanaTatyana McFadden
 United States
1:42:16
3rd victory (Note that their course was shortened by 3 miles at the start)

2015
McFadden, TatyanaTatyana McFadden
 United States
1:43:04
4th victory; course record

2016
McFadden, TatyanaTatyana McFadden
 United States
1:47:43
5th victory

text: Victories by nationality[edit]

text:
Country
Men's
Open
Women's
Open
Men's
Wheelchair
Women's
Wheelchair
Total

 United States
14
7
0
9
30

 Kenya
14
10
0
0
24

 Norway
0
10
0
0
10

 Mexico
4
1
2
0
7

 United Kingdom
1
5
1
0
7

  Switzerland
0
1
3
5
9

 Italy
4
1
0
1
6

 Australia
0
1
5
0
6

 South Africa
2
0
4
0
6

 Ethiopia
2
2
0
0
4

 Brazil
2
0
0
0
2

 New Zealand
1
1
0
0
2

 Latvia
0
2
0
0
2

 Morocco
1
0
0
0
1

 Tanzania
1
0
0
0
1

 Germany
0
1
0
0
1

 Poland
0
1
0
0
1

 Romania
0
1
0
0
1

 Russia
0
1
0
0
1

 Tunisia
0
0
1
0
1

 Vietnam
0
0
0
1
1

 Eritrea
1
0
0
0
1


document_title: Scythe

question_text: what is the name of the weapon the grim reaper carries

text: Scythe

text: Use[edit]

text: The use of a scythe is traditionally called mowing, now often scything to distinguish it from machine mowing. The mower holds the top handle in the left hand and the central one in the right, with the arms straight, the blade parallel and very close to the ground and the uncut grass to the right. The body is then twisted to the right, the blade hooks the grass and is swung steadily to the left in a long arc ending in front of the mower and depositing the cut grass neatly to the left. The mower takes a small step forward and repeats the motion, proceeding with a steady rhythm, stopping at frequent intervals to hone the blade. The correct technique has a slicing action on the grass, cutting a narrow strip with each stroke, leaving a uniform stubble on the ground and forming a regular windrow on the left.[5]

tag: p

text: The mower moves along the mowing-edge with the uncut grass to the right and the cut grass laid in a neat row to the left, on the previously mown land. Each strip of ground mown by a scythe is called a swathe (pronounced /sweɪð/: rhymes with "bathe") or swath (/swɒθ/: rhymes with "Goth"). Mowing may be done by a team of mowers, usually starting at the edges of a meadow then proceeding clockwise and finishing in the middle. Mowing grass is easier when it is damp, and so hay-making traditionally began at dawn and often stopped early, the heat of the day being spent raking and carting the hay cut on previous days or peening the blades.

text: Scythes are designed for different tasks. A long, thin blade 90 to 100 centimetres (35 to 39 in) is most efficient for mowing grass or wheat, while a shorter, more robust scythe 60 to 70 centimetres (24 to 28 in) is more appropriate for clearing weeds, cutting reed or sedge and can be used with the blade under water for clearing ditches and waterways. Skilled mowers using traditional long-bladed scythes honed very sharp were used to maintain short lawn grass until the invention of the lawnmower. Many cultures have used a variety of 'cradles' to catch cut different kinds of grain stems, keeping the seed heads aligned and laying them down in an orderly fashion to make them easier to sheaf and winnow.

text: Mowing with a scythe is a skilled task made to look easy by experienced mowers but needs time to learn the skill. Long-bladed traditional scythes, typically around 90 centimetres (35 in) (such as in the example below) and suitable for mowing grass or wheat are harder to use at first, consequently, beginners usually start on shorter blades, say 70 centimetres (28 in) or less. Common beginner's errors include: setting up the snaith with the handles in the wrong locations to suit the body, setting the blade at the wrong turn-in and turn-up angles to suit the conditions, choosing a blade that is too long for the skill level, failing to start with a sharp edge and persevering with a dull one during use, chopping or hacking at the grass, trying to cut too wide a strip of grass at once and striking the ground with the blade. Traditionally, beginners relied on mentors to help them set up and maintain their scythe and to teach them to mow comfortably and efficiently.

text: The mowing action[edit]

text:
1. Start of the stroke after stepping forward into the swathe.

2. Swinging left into the cut and deepening the swathe.

3. Finish of the stroke and depositing on the windrow to the left.

tag: ul

text: Sharpening[edit]

text: The cutting edge of a scythe blade is traditionally maintained by occasional peening followed by frequent honing. Peening reforms the malleable edge, by hammering, to: create the desired profile, to temper the metal and to remove minor nicks and dents. For mowing fine grass the bevel angle may be peened extremely fine, while for coarser work a larger angle is created to give a more robust edge. Peening requires some skill and is done using a peening hammer and special anvils or by using a peening jig. Historically, a peening station was set up on the edge of the field during harvest but now more likely back in the workshop.

text: In the example below, a short scythe blade, being used to clear brambles, is being sharpened. Before going to the forest the blade is peened back in the workshop, this reforms the malleable steel to create an edge profile that can then be honed. Peening is done only occasionally, how often depends on the hardness of the steel and the nature of the work. The Austrian blade shown is being used to cut tough-stemmed brambles and it is being peened about every thirty hours of work. Nicks and cuts to the blade edge can usually be worked out of the blade by peening and a new edge profile formed for honing. A peening jig is being used here but blades can be free-peened using various designs of peening anvils. The peening jig shown has two interchangeable caps that set different angles; a coarse angle is set first about 3mm back from the edge and the fine angle is then set on the edge, leaving an edge that lends itself to being easily honed. The blade is then honed using progressively finer honing stones and then taken to the field. In the field the blade is honed using a fine, ovoid whetstone (or rubber), fine-grained for grass, coarser for cereal crops. Honing is done the moment the mower senses that the edge has gone off, this may be every half hour depending on the conditions. The laminated honing stone shown here has two grades of stone and is carried into the field soaking in a water-filled holster on the belt. A burr is set up on the outside of the blade by stroking the blade on the inside, the burr is then taken off by gently stroking it on the outside. There are a great many opinions, regional traditions and variations on exactly how to do this, some eastern European countries even set up the burr on the inside.[6][7]

text:
A peening jig anvil, note the two colour-coded caps

Peening a scythe blade using the jig

A typical ovoid honing stone soaking in a water filled sheath

Setting up a burr on the outside of the blade by honing on the inside.

Taking the burr off the outside of the blade by honing on the outside.

The finished blade

Historical image, from a 1945 wheat harvest, showing a very long blade being honed on the job. Setting up the burr.

Removing the burr on the outside face, ready to mow again.

text: Unlike the European blades, typical American style blades are made of harder, more brittle steel and are not usually peened, or cannot be peened at all, without cracking. The harder blade holds an edge longer and requires less frequent honing in the field but after heavy use or damage the edge must be reshaped by grinding, which subtracts metal, rather than reforming the more malleable edge by peening. Some examples have a laminated construction with a hard, brittle, core providing the edge and softer sides providing strength.

text: History[edit]

text: The scythe may have dated back as far as c. 500 BC, and seems to have been used in Ancient Rome, but became more common in Europe with agricultural developments during the Carolingian era (8th century AD).[8] Initially used mostly for mowing hay, it had replaced the sickle for reaping crops by the 16th century as the scythe was better ergonomically and consequently more efficient. In about 1800 the grain cradle, was sometimes added to the standard scythe when mowing grain; the cradle was an addition of light wooden fingers above the scythe blade which kept the grain stems aligned and the heads together to make the collection and threshing easier. In the developed world the scythe has largely been replaced by the motorised lawn mower and combine harvester. However, the scythe remained in common use for many years after the introduction of machines because a side-mounted finger-bar mower, whether horse or tractor drawn, could not mow in front of itself and scythes were still needed to open up a meadow by clearing the first swathe to give the mechanical mower room to start.

text: The Dictionary of Greek and Roman Antiquities of Sir William Smith claims that the scythe, known in Latin as the falx foenaria as opposed to the sickle, the falx messoria, was used by the ancient Romans.According to ancient Greek mythology it was believed that Gaea the Greek goddess mother of Titans gave 'a sickle was made out of the strongest metal' to her youngest son 'Kronos' who is also youngest of Titans (also known as God of Harvest) to seek vengeance against her Husband Ouranos for Torturing their oldest sons. To illustrate this, Smith cites an image of Saturn holding a scythe, from an ancient Italian cameo. The Grim Reaper and the Greek Titan Cronus were often depicted carrying or wielding a scythe. According to Jack Herer and "Flesh of The Gods" (Emboden, W.A., Jr., Praeger Press, NY, 1974.); the ancient Scythians grew hemp and harvested it with a hand reaper that we still call a scythe.

text: The Abbeydale Industrial Hamlet in Sheffield, England is a museum of a scythe-making works that was in operation from the end of the 18th century until the 1930s.[9] This was part of the former scythe-making district of north Derbyshire, which extended into Eckington.[10] Other English scythe-making districts include that around Belbroughton.[11]

text: The German Renaissance scythe sword, the Greek and Roman harpe and the Egyptian khopesh were scythes or sickles modified as weapons or symbols of authority. An improvised conversion of the agricultural scythe to a war scythe by re-attaching the blade parallel to the snaith, similar to a bill has also been used throughout history as a weapon. See Scythes in art below for an example.

text: In national cultures[edit]

text: The scythe is still an indispensable tool for farmers in developing countries and in mountainous terrain.

text: In Romania, for example, in the highland landscape of the Transylvanian Apuseni mountains,[12] scything is a very important annual activity, taking about 2–3 weeks to complete for a regular house. As scything is a tiring physical activity and is relatively difficult to learn, farmers help each other by forming teams. After each day's harvest, the farmers often celebrate by having a small feast where they dance, drink and eat, while being careful to keep in shape for the next day's hard work. In other parts of the Balkans, such as in Serbian towns, scything competitions are held where the winner takes away a small silver scythe.[13] In small Serbian towns, scything is treasured as part of the local folklore, and the winners of friendly competitions are rewarded richly[14] with food and drink, which they share with their competitors.

text: Among Basques scythe-mowing competitions are still a popular traditional sport, called segalaritza (from Spanish verb segar: to mow). Each contender competes to cut a defined section of grown grass before his rival does the same.

text: There is an international scything competition held at Goricko[15] where people from Austria, Hungary, Serbia and Romania, or as far away as Asia appear to showcase their culturally unique method of reaping crops.[16] In 2009, a Japanese gentleman showcased a wooden reaping tool with a metal edge, which he used to show how rice was cut. He was impressed with the speed of the local reapers, but said such a large scythe would never work in Japan.

text: The Norwegian municipality of Hornindal has three scythe blades in its coat-of-arms.

text: Scythes are beginning a comeback in American suburbs, since they "don't use gas, don't get hot, don't make noise, do make for exercise, and do cut grass".[17]

text: In art[edit]

text:
1817 illustration of a Polish peasant sharpening a scythe. (Drawn by Jan Piotr Norblin, engraved by Philibert-Louis Debucourt.)

Death and the woodcutter by Jean-François Millet, 1859

Niittomiehet (Mowers men), by Pekka Halonen, 1891

Death and the Mother by Niels Hansen Jacobsen - Sankt Petri, Copenhagen

Peasant infantry armed with scythes pray before the battle of Racławice (1794) by Józef Chełmoński.

text: Winslow Homer, The Veteran in a New Field' 1865'


document_title: 2014 FIFA World Cup statistics

question_text: who was the top scorer in 2014 world cup

text: 2014 FIFA World Cup statistics

text: Goalscorers[edit]

text: The winner of the Golden Boot was James Rodríguez.

text: James Rodríguez

text: Thomas Müller

text:
Lionel Messi
 Neymar
 Robin van Persie

text:
Enner Valencia
 Karim Benzema
 André Schürrle
 Arjen Robben
 Xherdan Shaqiri

text:
Abdelmoumene Djabou
 Islam Slimani
 Tim Cahill
 David Luiz
 Oscar
 Alexis Sánchez
 Jackson Martínez
 Bryan Ruiz
 Mario Mandžukić
 Ivan Perišić
 Mario Götze
 Mats Hummels
 Miroslav Klose
 Toni Kroos
 André Ayew
 Asamoah Gyan
 Wilfried Bony
 Gervinho
 Memphis Depay
 Ahmed Musa
 Clint Dempsey
 Luis Suárez

text:
Yacine Brahimi
 Sofiane Feghouli
 Rafik Halliche
 Ángel Di María
 Gonzalo Higuaín
 Marcos Rojo
 Mile Jedinak
 Kevin De Bruyne
 Marouane Fellaini
 Romelu Lukaku
 Dries Mertens
 Divock Origi
 Jan Vertonghen
 Edin Džeko
 Vedad Ibišević
 Miralem Pjanić
 Avdija Vršajević
 Fernandinho
 Fred
 Thiago Silva
 Joël Matip
 Charles Aránguiz
 Jean Beausejour
 Jorge Valdivia
 Eduardo Vargas
 Pablo Armero
 Juan Cuadrado
 Teófilo Gutiérrez
 Juan Quintero
 Joel Campbell
 Óscar Duarte
 Marco Ureña
 Ivica Olić
 Wayne Rooney
 Daniel Sturridge
 Olivier Giroud
 Blaise Matuidi
 Paul Pogba
 Moussa Sissoko
 Mathieu Valbuena
 Sami Khedira
 Mesut Özil
 Sokratis Papastathopoulos
 Georgios Samaras
 Andreas Samaris
 Carlo Costly
 Reza Ghoochannejhad
 Mario Balotelli
 Claudio Marchisio
 Keisuke Honda
 Shinji Okazaki
 Giovani dos Santos
 Andrés Guardado
 Javier Hernández
 Rafael Márquez
 Oribe Peralta
 Daley Blind
 Stefan de Vrij
 Leroy Fer
 Klaas-Jan Huntelaar
 Wesley Sneijder
 Georginio Wijnaldum
 Peter Odemwingie
 Cristiano Ronaldo
 Nani
 Silvestre Varela
 Aleksandr Kerzhakov
 Aleksandr Kokorin
 Koo Ja-cheol
 Lee Keun-ho
 Son Heung-min
 Xabi Alonso
 Juan Mata
 Fernando Torres
 David Villa
 Blerim Džemaili
 Admir Mehmedi
 Haris Seferović
 Granit Xhaka
 John Brooks
 Julian Green
 Jermaine Jones
 Edinson Cavani
 Diego Godín

text:
Sead Kolašinac (against Argentina)
 Marcelo (against Croatia)
 John Boye (against Portugal)
 Noel Valladares (against France)
 Joseph Yobo (against France)

text: Source: FIFA[1]

text: Assists[edit]

text: Toni Kroos topped the assists table with four assists during the tournament.

text: Toni Kroos

text:
Juan Cuadrado
 Karim Benzema
 André Schürrle

text:
Kevin De Bruyne
 Eden Hazard
 Alexis Sánchez
 Abel Aguilar
 James Rodríguez
 Christian Bolaños
 Walter Ayoví
 Mathieu Valbuena
 Philipp Lahm
 Thomas Müller
 Mesut Özil
 Serge Aurier
 Daley Blind
 Daryl Janmaat
 Josip Drmić
 Graham Zusi

text:
Yacine Brahimi
 Abdelmoumene Djabou
 Sofiane Feghouli
 Carl Medjani
 Islam Slimani
 Ángel Di María
 Ezequiel Garay
 Gonzalo Higuaín
 Lionel Messi
 Marcos Rojo
 Ryan McGowan
 Tommy Oar
 Romelu Lukaku
 Divock Origi
 Edin Džeko
 Senad Lulić
 Miralem Pjanić
 Tino-Sven Sušić
 Dante
 David Luiz
 Luiz Gustavo
 Marcelo
 Neymar
 Oscar
 Thiago Silva
 Allan Nyom
 Charles Aránguiz
 Mauricio Pinilla
 Jorge Valdivia
 Eduardo Vargas
 Teófilo Gutiérrez
 Adrián Ramos
 Joel Campbell
 Júnior Díaz
 Cristian Gamboa
 Eduardo
 Nikica Jelavić
 Ivan Perišić
 Danijel Pranjić
 Ivan Rakitić
 Juan Carlos Paredes
 Glen Johnson
 Wayne Rooney
 Mathieu Debuchy
 Paul Pogba
 Benedikt Höwedes
 Sami Khedira
 Kwadwo Asamoah
 John Boye
 Asamoah Gyan
 Sulley Muntari
 Theofanis Gekas
 Georgios Samaras
 Brayan Beckeles
 Javad Nekounam
 Antonio Candreva
 Andrea Pirlo
 Gervinho
 Keisuke Honda
 Yuto Nagatomo
 Giovani dos Santos
 Héctor Herrera
 Rafael Márquez
 Memphis Depay
 Klaas-Jan Huntelaar
 Arjen Robben
 Wesley Sneijder
 Michel Babatunde
 Emmanuel Emenike
 Cristiano Ronaldo
 Miguel Veloso
 Dmitri Kombarov
 Lee Keun-ho
 Yun Suk-young
 Cesc Fàbregas
 Andrés Iniesta
 Juanfran
 Gökhan Inler
 Admir Mehmedi
 Ricardo Rodríguez
 Michael Bradley
 Edinson Cavani
 Fernando Muslera
 Gastón Ramírez

text: Source: UEFA[2]

text: Scoring[edit]

text:
Total number of goals scored: 171
Average goals per match: 2.67
Total number of braces: 14
Karim Benzema, Toni Kroos, Mario Mandžukić, Jackson Martínez, Lionel Messi, Ahmed Musa, Neymar (2), Robin van Persie, Arjen Robben, James Rodríguez, André Schürrle, Luis Suárez, Enner Valencia
Total number of hat-tricks: 2
Thomas Müller, Xherdan Shaqiri
Total number of penalty kicks awarded: 13
Total number of penalty kicks scored: 12
Xabi Alonso, Karim Benzema, Edinson Cavani, Juan Cuadrado, Sofiane Feghouli, Klaas-Jan Huntelaar, Mile Jedinak, Thomas Müller, Neymar, Robin van Persie, James Rodríguez, Georgios Samaras
Total number of penalty kicks missed or saved: 1
Karim Benzema
Penalty kick success rate: 7001923100000000000♠92.31%
Own goals scored: 5
John Boye, Sead Kolašinac, Marcelo, Noel Valladares, Joseph Yobo

text:
First goal of the tournament: Marcelo (own goal) for Croatia against Brazil
First brace of the tournament: Neymar for Brazil against Croatia
First hat-trick of the tournament: Thomas Müller for Germany against Portugal
Last goal of the tournament: Mario Götze for Germany against Argentina
Last brace of the tournament: André Schürrle for Germany against Brazil
Last hat-trick of the tournament: Xherdan Shaqiri for Switzerland against Honduras
Fastest goal in a match from kickoff: 1st minute (0:30)
Clint Dempsey for United States - MS against Ghana
Fastest goal in a match after coming on as a substitute: 2 minutes
Marco Ureña for Costa Rica against Uruguay (introduced in the 83rd minute), Admir Mehmedi for Switzerland against Ecuador (introduced in the 46th minute), Miroslav Klose for Germany against Ghana (introduced in the 69th minute), Leroy Fer for Netherlands against Chile (introduced in the 75th minute), Julian Green for United States - MS against Belgium (introduced in the 105+2nd minute)
Latest goal in a match without extra time: 90+5th minute
Silvestre Varela for Portugal against United States - MS
Latest goal in a match with extra time: 120+1st minute
Abdelmoumene Djabou for Algeria against Germany
Latest winning goal in a match without extra time: 90+4th minute
Klaas-Jan Huntelaar for Netherlands against Mexico
Latest winning goal in a match with extra time: 118th minute
Ángel Di María for Argentina against Switzerland
Shortest time difference between two goals scored by the same team in a match: 2 minutes (1:06)
Olivier Giroud and Blaise Matuidi for France against Switzerland

text:
Most goals scored by a team: 18
Germany
Fewest goals scored by a team: 1
Cameroon, Honduras, Iran
Most goals conceded by a team: 14
Brazil
Fewest goals conceded by a team: 2
Costa Rica
Best goal difference: +14
Germany
Worst goal difference: -8
Cameroon
Most goals scored in a match by both teams: 8
Brazil 1–7 Germany
Most goals scored in a match by one team: 7
Germany against Brazil
Most goals scored in a match by the losing team: 2
Australia against Netherlands, Switzerland against France, South Korea against Algeria, Nigeria against Argentina
Biggest margin of victory: 6 goals
Brazil 1–7 Germany
Most clean sheets achieved by a team: 4
Argentina, Germany, Netherlands
Fewest clean sheets achieved by a team: 0
Algeria, Australia, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Cameroon, Ghana, Honduras, Italy, Ivory Coast, Portugal, Russia, South Korea, United States
Most clean sheets given by an opposing team: 2
Argentina, Brazil, Cameroon, Costa Rica, France, Greece, Honduras, Iran, Italy, Netherlands, Nigeria
Fewest clean sheets given by an opposing team: 0
Algeria, Colombia, Croatia, Germany, Ghana, Ivory Coast
Most consecutive clean sheets achieved by a team: 3
Argentina, Netherlands
Most consecutive clean sheets given by an opposing team: 2
Argentina, Cameroon, Greece, Iran, Italy, Netherlands

text:
Most goals scored by an individual: 6
James Rodríguez
Most assists given by an individual: 4
Juan Cuadrado, Toni Kroos
Most goals and assists produced by an individual: 8
James Rodríguez (6 goals, 2 assists), Thomas Müller (5 goals, 3 assists)
Most clean sheets achieved by a goalkeeper: 4
Jasper Cillessen, Manuel Neuer, Sergio Romero
Fewest clean sheets achieved by a goalkeeper: 0
Igor Akinfeev, Boubacar Barry, Asmir Begović, Beto, Gianluigi Buffon, Iker Casillas, Fatau Dauda, Panagiotis Glykos, Joe Hart, Tim Howard, Charles Itandje, Jung Sung-ryong, Kim Seung-gyu, Adam Kwarasey, Raïs M'Bolhi, Rui Patrício, Mathew Ryan, Salvatore Sirigu, Noel Valladares
Most consecutive clean sheets achieved by a goalkeeper: 3
Jasper Cillessen, Sergio Romero
Most goals scored by one player in a match: 3
Thomas Müller for Germany against Portugal, Xherdan Shaqiri for Switzerland against Honduras
Oldest goal scorer: 37 years and 43 days[3]
Noel Valladares (own goal) for France against Honduras
Youngest goal scorer: 19 years and 25 days[3]
Julian Green for United States - MS against Belgium

text: Wins and losses[edit]

text:
Most wins: 6 – Germany
Fewest wins: 0 – Australia, Cameroon, England, Ghana, Honduras, Iran, Japan, Russia, South Korea
Most losses: 3 – Australia, Cameroon, Honduras
Fewest losses: 0 – Costa Rica, Germany, Netherlands
Most draws: 3 – Costa Rica
Fewest draws: 0 – Australia, Belgium, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Cameroon, Colombia, Croatia, Honduras, Italy, Ivory Coast, Spain, Switzerland, Uruguay
Most points in the group stage: 9 – Argentina, Belgium, Colombia, Netherlands
Fewest points in the group stage: 0 – Australia, Cameroon, Honduras

text: Match awards[edit]

text: Man of the Match[edit]

text:
Rank
Name
Team
Opponent
Awards

1
Messi, LionelLionel Messi
 Argentina
Bosnia and Herzegovina (GS), Iran (GS), Nigeria (GS), Switzerland (R16)
4

2
Navas, KeylorKeylor Navas
 Costa Rica
England (GS), Greece (R16), Netherlands (QF)
3

Robben, ArjenArjen Robben
 Netherlands
Australia (GS), Chile (GS), Brazil (TP)

Rodriguez, JamesJames Rodríguez
 Colombia
Greece (GS), Ivory Coast (GS), Uruguay (R16)

5
Benzema, KarimKarim Benzema
 France
Honduras (GS), Switzerland (GS)
2

Gotze, MarioMario Götze
 Germany
Ghana (GS), Argentina (F)

Howard, TimTim Howard
 United States
Portugal (GS), Belgium (R16)

Muller, ThomasThomas Müller
 Germany
Portugal (GS), United States (GS)

Neymar, Neymar
 Brazil
Croatia (GS), Cameroon (GS)

Ochoa, GuillermoGuillermo Ochoa
 Mexico
Brazil (GS), Netherlands (R16)

Shaqiri, XherdanXherdan Shaqiri
  Switzerland
Ecuador (GS), Honduras (GS)

Slimani, IslamIslam Slimani
 Algeria
South Korea (GS), Russia (GS)

13
Balotelli, MarioMario Balotelli
 Italy
England (GS)
1

Buffon, GianluigiGianluigi Buffon
 Italy
Uruguay (GS)

Campbell, JoelJoel Campbell
 Costa Rica
Uruguay (GS)

Julio Cesar Júlio César
 Brazil
Chile (R16)

De Bruyne, KevinKevin De Bruyne
 Belgium
Algeria (GS)

Dempsey, ClintClint Dempsey
 United States
Ghana (GS)

Cristiano Ronaldo, Cristiano Ronaldo
 Portugal
Ghana (GS)

Domínguez, AlexanderAlexander Domínguez
 Ecuador
France (GS)

Dzeko, EdinEdin Džeko
 Bosnia and Herzegovina
Iran (GS)

Hazard, EdenEden Hazard
 Belgium
Russia (GS)

Higuaín, GonzaloGonzalo Higuaín
 Argentina
Belgium (QF)

Honda, KeisukeKeisuke Honda
 Japan
Greece (GS)

Hummels, MatsMats Hummels
 Germany
France (QF)

Kroos, ToniToni Kroos
 Germany
Brazil (SF)

David Luiz, David Luiz
 Brazil
Colombia (QF)

M'Bolhi, RaïsRaïs M'Bolhi
 Algeria
Germany (R16)

Mandzukic, MarioMario Mandžukić
 Croatia
Cameroon (GS)

Marquez, RafaelRafael Márquez
 Mexico
Croatia (GS)

Martinez, JacksonJackson Martínez
 Colombia
Japan (GS)

Mikel, John ObiJohn Obi Mikel
 Nigeria
Iran (GS)

Odemwingie, PeterPeter Odemwingie
 Nigeria
Bosnia and Herzegovina (GS)

Persie, Robin vanRobin van Persie
 Netherlands
Spain (GS)

Pogba, PaulPaul Pogba
 France
Nigeria (R16)

Romero, SergioSergio Romero
 Argentina
Netherlands (SF)

Ruiz, BryanBryan Ruiz
 Costa Rica
Italy (GS)

Samaras, GeorgiosGeorgios Samaras
 Greece
Ivory Coast (GS)

Sanchez, AlexisAlexis Sánchez
 Chile
Australia (GS)

Santos, Giovani dosGiovani dos Santos
 Mexico
Cameroon (GS)

Son, Heung-minSon Heung-min
 South Korea
Russia (GS)

Suarez, LuisLuis Suárez
 Uruguay
England (GS)

Toure, YayaYaya Touré
 Ivory Coast
Japan (GS)

Valencia, EnnerEnner Valencia
 Ecuador
Honduras (GS)

Vargas, EduardoEduardo Vargas
 Chile
Spain (GS)

Vertonghen, JanJan Vertonghen
 Belgium
South Korea (GS)

Villa, DavidDavid Villa
 Spain
Australia (GS)

text: Clean sheets[edit]

text: The winner of the Golden Glove was Manuel Neuer.

text:
Rank
Name
Team
Opponent
Awards

1
Cillessen, JasperJasper Cillessen
 Netherlands
Chile (GS), Costa Rica (QF), Argentina (SF), Brazil (TP)
4

Neuer, ManuelManuel Neuer
 Germany
Portugal (GS), United States (GS), France (QF), Argentina (F)

Romero, SergioSergio Romero
 Argentina
Iran (GS), Switzerland (R16), Belgium (QF), Netherlands (SF)

4
Lloris, HugoHugo Lloris
 France
Honduras (GS), Ecuador (GS), Nigeria (R16)
3

Navas, KeylorKeylor Navas
 Costa Rica
Italy (GS), England (GS), Netherlands (QF)

6
Courtois, ThibautThibaut Courtois
 Belgium
Russia (GS), South Korea (GS)
2

Enyeama, VincentVincent Enyeama
 Nigeria
Iran (GS), Bosnia and Herzegovina (GS)

Karnezis, OrestisOrestis Karnezis
 Greece
Japan (GS), Ivory Coast (GS)

Ochoa, GuillermoGuillermo Ochoa
 Mexico
Cameroon (GS), Brazil (GS)

Ospina, DavidDavid Ospina
 Colombia
Greece (GS), Uruguay (R16)

11
Benaglio, DiegoDiego Benaglio
  Switzerland
Honduras (GS)
1

Bravo, ClaudioClaudio Bravo
 Chile
Spain (GS)

Julio Cesar Júlio César
 Brazil
Mexico (GS)

Domínguez, AlexanderAlexander Domínguez
 Ecuador
France (GS)

Eduardo, Eduardo
 Portugal
Ghana (GS)

Foster, BenBen Foster
 England
Costa Rica (GS)

Haghighi, AlirezaAlireza Haghighi
 Iran
Nigeria (GS)

Kawashima, EijiEiji Kawashima
 Japan
Greece (GS)

Krul, TimTim Krul
 Netherlands
Costa Rica (QF)

Mondragón, FarydFaryd Mondragón
 Colombia
Japan (GS)

Muslera, FernandoFernando Muslera
 Uruguay
Italy (GS)

Pletikosa, StipeStipe Pletikosa
 Croatia
Cameroon (GS)

Reina, PepePepe Reina
 Spain
Australia (GS)

Vorm, MichelMichel Vorm
 Netherlands
Brazil (TP)

text: Discipline[edit]

text:
Total number of yellow cards: 187
Average yellow cards per match: 2.92
Total number of red cards: 10
Average red cards per match: 0.16
First yellow card of the tournament:
Neymar for Brazil against Croatia
First red card of the tournament:
Maxi Pereira for Uruguay against Costa Rica
Fastest yellow card from kick off: 2 minutes
Thiago Silva for Brazil against Netherlands
Fastest yellow card after coming on as a substitute: 3 minutes
José Miguel Cubero for Costa Rica against Italy (introduced in the 68th minute)
Latest yellow card in a match without extra time: 90+4 minutes
João Moutinho for Portugal against Ghana
Latest yellow card in a match with extra time: 120+4 minutes
Ezequiel Garay for Argentina against Switzerland
Fastest dismissal from kick off: 37 minutes
Pepe for Portugal against Germany
Fastest dismissal of a substitute: 20 minutes
Ante Rebić for Croatia against Mexico (introduced in the 69th minute)
Latest dismissal in a match without extra time: 90+4 minutes
Maxi Pereira for Uruguay against Costa Rica
Shortest time difference between two yellow cards given to the same player: 11 minutes
Kostas Katsouranis for Greece against Japan (booked in the 27th minute and again in the 38th minute)
Most yellow cards (team): 14
Brazil
Most red cards (team): 1
Belgium, Cameroon, Costa Rica, Croatia, Ecuador, Greece, Honduras, Italy, Portugal, Uruguay
Fewest yellow cards (team): 2
Portugal
Most yellow cards (player): 3
Thiago Silva
Most red cards (player): 1
Steven Defour, Óscar Duarte, Kostas Katsouranis, Claudio Marchisio, Wilson Palacios, Pepe, Maxi Pereira, Ante Rebić, Alex Song, Antonio Valencia
Most yellow cards (match): 8
Costa Rica vs Greece
Most red cards (match): 1
Uruguay vs Costa Rica, France vs Honduras, Germany vs Portugal, Cameroon vs Croatia, Japan vs Greece, Croatia vs Mexico, Italy vs Uruguay, Ecuador vs France, South Korea vs Belgium, Costa Rica vs Greece
Fewest yellow cards (match): 1
England vs Italy, Iran vs Nigeria, Switzerland vs France, Germany vs Ghana, United States vs Portugal, Honduras vs Switzerland, Ecuador vs France, France vs Nigeria, Brazil vs Germany
Most cards in one match: 1 red card, 8 yellow cards
Costa Rica vs Greece

text: Multiple World Cups[edit]

text:
Name
 2002
 2006
 2010
 2014
Total goals

Goals
Against
Goals
Against
Goals
Against
Goals
Against

Cahill, Tim ! Tim Cahill
N/A
2
JPN (2)
1
SRB
2
CHI, NED
5

Cristiano Ronaldo ! Cristiano Ronaldo
N/A
1
IRN
1
PRK
1
GHA
3

Dempsey, Clint ! Clint Dempsey
N/A
1
GHA
1
ENG
2
GHA, POR
4

Gyan, Asamoah ! Asamoah Gyan
N/A
1
CZE
3
SRB, AUS, USA
2
GER, POR
6

Klose, Miroslav ! Miroslav Klose
5
KSA (3), IRL, CMR
5
CRC (2), ECU (2), ARG
4
AUS, ENG, ARG (2)
2
GHA, BRA
16

Marquez, Rafael ! Rafael Márquez
0
N/A
1
ARG
1
RSA
1
CRO
3

Persie, Robin van ! Robin van Persie
N/A
1
CIV
1
CMR
4
ESP (2), AUS, BRA
6

Robben, Arjen ! Arjen Robben
N/A
1
SCG
2
SVK, URU
3
ESP (2), AUS
6

Villa, David ! David Villa
N/A
3
UKR (2), FRA
5
HON (2), CHI, POR, PAR
1
AUS
9

text:
Name
 1998
 2002
 2006
 2010
 2014
Total

Apps
Against
Apps
Against
Apps
Against
Apps
Against
Apps
Against

Beasley, Da Marcus ! DaMarcus Beasley
N/A
3
POR, KOR, POL
3
CZE, ITA, GHA
1
ALG
4
GHA, POR, GER, BEL
11

Buffon, Gianluigi ! Gianluigi Buffon
0
N/A
4
ECU, CRO, MEX, KOR
7
GHA, USA, CZE, AUS, UKR, GER, FRA
1
PAR
2
CRC, URU
14

Casillas, Iker ! Iker Casillas
N/A
5
SVN, PAR, RSA, IRL, KOR
3
UKR, TUN, FRA
7
SUI, HON, CHI, POR, PAR, GER, NED
2
NED, CHI
17

Eto'o, Samuel ! Samuel Eto'o
1
ITA
3
IRL, KSA, GER
N/A
3
JPN, DEN, NED
1
MEX
8

Klose, Miroslav ! Miroslav Klose
N/A
7
KSA, IRL, CMR, PAR, USA, KOR, BRA
7
CRC, POL, ECU, SWE, ARG, ITA, POR
5
AUS, SRB, ENG, ARG, ESP
5
GHA, USA, FRA, BRA, ARG
24

Marquez, Rafael ! Rafael Márquez
N/A
4
CRO, ECU, ITA, USA
4
IRN, ANG, POR, ARG
4
RSA, FRA, URU, ARG
4
CMR, BRA, CRO, NED
16

Xavi ! Xavi
N/A
3
PAR, RSA, KOR
3
UKR, TUN, FRA
7
SUI, HON, CHI, POR, PAR, GER, NED
1
NED
14

text:
Gianluigi Buffon attended the 1998 FIFA World Cup as an unused substitute.
In 2014, Rafael Márquez became the first player to captain his team in four different World Cups.

text: Overall results[edit]

text: Bold numbers indicate the maximum values in each column.

text: By team[edit]

text: The Netherlands was the only team that used all 23 players during the tournament, making it the first team in World Cup history to ever use all of its squad players.[4]

text:
Team
Pld
W
D
L
Pts
APts
GF
AGF
GA
AGA
GD
AGD
CS
ACS
YC
AYC
RC
ARC

 Algeria
4
1
1
2
4
1.00
7
1.75
7
1.75
0
0.00
0
0.00
6
1.50
0
0.00

 Argentina
7
5
1
1
16
2.29
8
1.14
4
0.57
+4
0.57
4
0.57
8
1.14
0
0.00

 Australia
3
0
0
3
0
0.00
3
1.00
9
3.00
-6
-2.00
0
0.00
6
2.00
0
0.00

 Belgium
5
4
0
1
12
2.40
6
1.20
3
0.60
+3
0.60
2
0.40
7
1.40
1
0.20

 Bosnia & Herz.
3
1
0
2
3
1.00
4
1.33
4
1.33
0
0.00
0
0.00
3
1.00
0
0.00

 Brazil
7
3
2
2
11
1.57
11
1.57
14
2.00
-3
-0.43
1
0.14
14
2.00
0
0.00

 Cameroon
3
0
0
3
0
0.00
1
0.33
9
3.00
-8
-2.67
0
0.00
4
1.33
1
0.33

 Chile
4
2
1
1
7
1.75
6
1.50
4
1.00
+2
0.50
1
0.25
7
1.75
0
0.00

 Colombia
5
4
0
1
12
2.40
12
2.40
4
0.80
+8
1.60
2
0.40
5
1.00
0
0.00

 Costa Rica
5
2
3
0
9
1.80
5
1.00
2
0.40
+3
0.60
3
0.60
12
2.40
1
0.20

 Croatia
3
1
0
2
3
1.00
6
2.00
6
2.00
0
0.00
1
0.33
4
1.33
1
0.33

 Ecuador
3
1
1
1
4
1.33
3
1.00
3
1.00
0
0.00
1
0.33
5
1.67
1
0.33

 England
3
0
1
2
1
0.33
2
0.67
4
1.33
-2
-0.67
1
0.33
4
1.33
0
0.00

 France
5
3
1
1
10
2.00
10
2.00
3
0.60
+7
1.40
3
0.60
5
1.00
0
0.00

 Germany
7
6
1
0
19
2.71
18
2.57
4
0.57
+14
2.00
4
0.57
6
0.86
0
0.00

 Ghana
3
0
1
2
1
0.33
4
1.33
6
2.00
-2
-0.67
0
0.00
6
2.00
0
0.00

 Greece
4
1
2
1
5
1.25
3
0.75
5
1.25
-2
-0.50
1
0.25
8
2.00
1
0.25

 Honduras
3
0
0
3
0
0.00
1
0.33
8
2.67
-7
-2.33
0
0.00
7
2.33
1
0.33

 Iran
3
0
1
2
1
0.33
1
0.33
4
1.33
-3
-1.00
1
0.33
4
1.33
0
0.00

 Italy
3
1
0
2
3
1.00
2
0.67
3
1.00
-1
-0.33
0
0.00
3
1.00
1
0.33

 Ivory Coast
3
1
0
2
3
1.00
4
1.33
5
1.67
-1
-0.33
0
0.00
7
2.33
0
0.00

 Japan
3
0
1
2
1
0.33
2
0.67
6
2.00
-4
-1.33
1
0.33
4
1.33
0
0.00

 Mexico
4
2
1
1
7
1.75
5
1.25
3
0.75
+2
0.50
2
0.50
8
2.00
0
0.00

 Netherlands
7
5
2
0
17
2.43
15
2.14
4
0.57
+11
1.57
4
0.57
11
1.57
0
0.00

 Nigeria
4
1
1
2
4
1.00
3
0.75
5
1.25
-2
-0.50
2
0.50
3
0.75
0
0.00

 Portugal
3
1
1
1
4
1.33
4
1.33
7
2.33
-3
-1.00
0
0.00
2
0.67
1
0.33

 Russia
3
0
2
1
2
0.67
2
0.67
3
1.00
-1
-0.33
0
0.00
4
1.33
0
0.00

 South Korea
3
0
1
2
1
0.33
3
1.00
6
2.00
-3
-1.00
0
0.00
6
2.00
0
0.00

 Spain
3
1
0
2
3
1.00
4
1.33
7
2.33
-3
-1.00
1
0.33
3
1.00
0
0.00

  Switzerland
4
2
0
2
6
1.50
7
1.75
7
1.75
0
0.00
1
0.25
3
0.75
0
0.00

 United States
4
1
1
2
4
1.00
5
1.25
6
1.50
-1
-0.25
0
0.00
4
1.00
0
0.00

 Uruguay
4
2
0
2
6
1.50
4
1.00
6
1.50
-2
-0.50
1
0.25
8
2.00
1
0.25

Total
64(1)
51
13(2)
51
179
1.40
171
1.34
171
1.34
0
0.00
37
0.29
187
1.46
10
0.08

text:
Team(s) rendered in italics represent(s) the host nation(s). The competition's winning team is rendered in bold.
(1) – Total games lost not counted in total games played (total games lost = total games won)
(2) – Total number of games drawn (tied) for all teams = Total number of games drawn (tied) ÷ 2 (both teams involved)
(3) – As per statistical convention in football, matches decided in extra time are counted as wins and losses, while matches decided by penalty shoot-outs are counted as draws.

text: By confederation[edit]

text:
Confederation
T
Pld
W
D
L
Pts
APts
Pts/T

AFC
4
12
0
3
9
3
0.25
0.75

CAF
5
17
3
3
11
12
0.71
2.40

CONCACAF
4
16
5
5
6
20
1.25
5.00

CONMEBOL
6
30
17
5
8
56
1.87
9.33

UEFA
13
53
26
10
17
88
1.66
6.77

Total
32
64(1)
51
13(2)
51
179
1.40
5.59

text:
Host nation(s) are situated in the region(s) rendered in italics.
(1) – Total games lost not counted in total games played (total games lost = total games won)
(2) – Total number of games drawn (tied) for all teams = Total number of games drawn (tied) ÷ 2 (both teams involved)
(3) – As per statistical convention in football, matches decided in extra time are counted as wins and losses, while matches decided by penalty shoot-outs are counted as draws.

text: Stadiums[edit]

text:
Stadium
City
Capacity
Elevation[5]
Matches
played
Total
attendance
Average
attendance
per match
Average
attendance
as % of capacity
Total
goals
scored
Average
goals scored
per match

Arena da Amazônia
Manaus
40,549[6]
0072 !72 m
4
160,227
40,057
98.79%
14
3.50

Arena da Baixada
Curitiba
39,631[7]
0920 !920 m
4
156,991
39,248
99.03%
8
2.00

Arena das Dunas
Natal
39,971[8]
0045 !45 m
4
158,167
39,542
98.93%
5
1.25

Arena de São Paulo
São Paulo
63,321[9]
0792 !792 m
6
375,593
62,599
98.86%
11
1.83

Arena Fonte Nova
Salvador
51,900[10]
0 !0 m
6
300,674
50,112
96.56%
24
4.00

Arena Pantanal
Cuiabá
41,112[11]
0165 !165 m
4
158,717
39,679
96.52%
12
3.00

Arena Pernambuco
Recife
42,610[12]
0 !0 m
5
204,882
40,976
96.17%
11
2.20

Estádio Beira-Rio
Porto Alegre
43,394[13]
0047 !47 m
5
214,969
42,994
99.08%
22
4.40

Estádio Castelão
Fortaleza
60,342[14]
0 !0 m
6
356,896
59,483
98.58%
17
2.83

Estádio do Maracanã
Rio de Janeiro
74,738[15]
0 !0 m
7
519,189
74,170
99.24%
10
1.43

Estádio Mineirão
Belo Horizonte
58,170[16]
0800 !800 m
6
345,350
57,558
98.95%
17
2.13

Estádio Nacional
Brasília
69,349[17]
1172 !1172 m
7
478,218
68,317
98.51%
20
2.86


document_title: So You Think You Can Dance: The Next Generation (U.S. TV series)

question_text: who won so you think you can dance season 13

text: Judges[edit]

text: Series creator and executive producer Nigel Lythgoe, along with new permanent members Paula Abdul and Jason Derulo, returned as members of the permanent judging panel and judge the audition rounds. After this, the fourth judge, 14-year-old dancer Maddie Ziegler, joined the show.[4]

text: Format[edit]

text: Season 13 featured a significant shift in format in that the contestants were all between the ages of 8 and 13 at the time of auditions. Approximately 100 dancers were selected from the auditions for the next segment of the season, the Dance Academy. From these, the top 50 were chosen, and finally the top 10 were selected as finalists by a So You Think You Can Dance "all-star" who provided mentorship during the live shows and participated as a duet partner with his or her contestant in performances.[3][5]

text: Auditions[edit]

text: Open auditions for season 13 were held in three cities beginning in February 2016.[3][6]

text:
Air Date
Audition Venue
City
Audition Date

May 30, 2016
Orpheum Theatre
Los Angeles, CA
February 27, 2016

June 6, 2016
Lou Conte Dance Studio
Chicago, IL
March 11, 2016

June 13, 2016
Broadway Dance Center
New York City
March 18, 2016

text: During the audition round, the judges interviewed each auditioner, watched a brief audition and gave feedback, while the auditioner's family sat at the side of the stage and often participated in the interviews. Offstage, Cat Deeley chatted with contestants and judges. Approximately 100 dancers were sent through to the Academy.[7][8]

text: Dance Academy[edit]

text: Dance Academy week was split among two episodes. The June 20 episode covered the first day of the Academy. The first task for the 10 all-stars was to watch solo dances by each of the competitors who were sent through from the auditions. From these, each all-star selected five dancers (at least three from their own dance style), from the large number of auditioners, to join their "team". If a dancer was selected by more than one all-star, he or she could choose which all-star's team to join.[9][10] Choreographer Warren Carlyle and the all-stars then taught the 50 remaining competitors a Broadway couples dance routine in 90 minutes, and dancers from each team were paired with dancers from another team.[10] After all of the couples danced, each all-star was required to cut one dancer from his or her team, leaving a total of 40 contestants. Throughout the episode, Maddie Ziegler and Cat Deeley interviewed successful competitors.[9][11]

text: The June 27 episode covered days two and three of Academy week. On day two, the all-stars each narrowed down their teams to three and then two dancers, based first on a hip-hop routine for pairs choreographed by Tabitha and Napoleon D'umo, and then on a contemporary routine, created by Travis Wall, danced simultaneously by the remaining three members of each team.[10][12] On the last day, the last two dancers from each team danced a solo just for their own all-star. Each all-star then selected one finalist, making a total of 10 finalists that he or she will mentor through the finals round.[13][14] The all-stars and their finalists are:[11][12]

text:
Contemporary

Kathryn McCormick: season 6, 3rd place – Tate
Robert Roldan: season 7, 3rd place – J. T.
Sasha Mallory: season 8 runner-up – Jordan

Ballroom

Jenna Johnson: season 10, top 8 – Jake
Paul Karmiryan, season 10, top 6 – Ruby
Jonathan Platero, season 5, top 16 – Daniela

Tap

Gaby Diaz, season 12 winner – Emma

Hip-Hop

Marko Germar°, season 8, top 3 (replacing Joshua Allen) – Sheaden
Comfort Fedoke, season 4, top 8 – Tahani
Du-Shaunt "Fik-Shun" Stegall, season 10 winner – Kida[15]

°Although Marko competed in season 8 as a contemporary/jazz dancer, he stepped in, before the first live show, to mentor hip-hop dancer Sheaden after Joshua withdrew from the show.[16]

text: Finals[edit]

text: Top 10 Finalists[edit]

text:
Finalist
Age
Home town
Dance style
All-star mentor
Placement

Leon "Kida" Burns
14
Sacramento, California
Hip Hop
Du-Shaunt "Fik-Shun" Stegall
First

J.T. Church
10
Haymarket, Virginia
Jazz
Robert Roldan
Second

Tate McRae
13[17]
Calgary, Alberta, Canada
Contemporary/Ballet
Kathryn McCormick
Third

Emma Hellenkamp
11
San Diego, California
Tap
Gaby Diaz
Fourth

Tahani Anderson
13
Victorville, California
Hip Hop
Comfort Fedoke
Fifth

Ruby Castro
12
Miami, Florida
Ballroom
Paul Karmiryan
Sixth

Jake Monreal
12
Miami, Florida
Ballroom
Jenna Johnson
Seventh

Jordan Nata'e Wandick
14[18]
Bakersfield, California
Contemporary/Jazz
Sasha Mallory

Sheaden Gabriel
12
Murrieta, California
Hip Hop
Marko Germar
Ninth

Daniela Avanzini
11
Atlanta, Georgia
Ballroom
Jonathan Platero
Tenth

text: Elimination chart[edit]

text:
Legend

Female
Male
Bottom 2 contestants
Eliminated

text:
Result show date:
7/18
7/25
8/1
8/22
8/29
9/12

Contestant
Results

Leon "Kida" Burns

Winner

J. T. Church

Runner-Up

Tate McRae

3rd Place

Emma Hellenkamp

4th Place

Tahani Anderson

Elim

Ruby Castro

Btm 2

Elim

Jake Monreal

Elim

Jordan Nata'e Wandick

Elim

Sheaden Gabriel
Btm 2
Elim

Daniela Avanzini
Elim

text: Performances[edit]

text: Top 10 (July 11, 2016)[edit]

text: The live shows were all two-hour broadcasts. The first live show, on July 11, 2016, opened with a group dance by all ten contestants dancing with their all-stars and all together, futuristically dressed in white. In the middle of the show there was a contemporary group dance by the all-stars, and the show ended with a group hip-hop dance by all of the top-ten contestants. During the show, each contestant performed one solo and one duet with his or her all-star; both dances were in the contestant's primary dance style.[15][19] At the beginning of the show, host Cat Deeley announced that all-star Joshua Allen has been replaced by Marko Germar, to mentor and partner with hip-hop dancer Sheaden Gabriel.[16] Maddie Ziegler observed the contestants' rehearsals and joined the judging panel, during the broadcast, giving the contestants "relatable feedback" and offering encouraging words about their performances.[20]

text:
Dancers
Style
Music
Choreographer(s)

Top 10 and all-stars
Multiple styles
"Prodigy"—Nathan Lanier
Christopher Scott

Leon "Kida" Burns
Du-Shaunt "Fik-Shun" Stegall
Hip-hop
"Winning"—Fingazz
Christopher Scott

Tate McRae
Kathryn McCormick
Contemporary
"Goldenheart"—Dawn Richard
Tyce Diorio

Jake Monreal
Jenna Johnson
Cha-cha-cha
"Toca Toca Radio Edit"—Fly Project
Jean-Marc Généreux

Sheaden Gabriel
Marko Germar
Hip hop
"Why I'm Here (Original Mix)"—Statik Link feat. Young Live
Christopher "Pharside" Jennings
Krystal "Phoenix" Meraz

Jordan Nata'e Wandick
Sasha Mallory
Contemporary
"The Light That Never Fails"—Andra Day
Brian Friedman

Emma Hellenkamp
Gaby Diaz
Tap
"Watch Me Do"—Meghan Trainor
Anthony Morigerato

Ruby Castro
Paul Karmiryan
Cha-cha-cha
"How Deep Is Your Love"—Calvin Harris & Disciples
Jean-Marc Généreux

Tahani Anderson
Comfort Fedoke
Hip-hop
"Cut It"—O.T. Genasis feat. Young Dolph
Luther Brown

Daniela Avanzini
Jonathan Platero
Salsa
"Latinos"—Proyecto Uno
Oksana Platero

J. T. Church
Robert Roldan
Contemporary
"Stand in the Light"—Jordan Smith
Mandy Moore

All-stars
Contemporary
"Unsteady (Erich Lee Gravity Remix)"—X Ambassadors
Mandy Moore

Top 10
Hip-hop
"Move (If You Wanna)"—MIMS
Willdabeast
Janelle Ginestra

text: Solos:

text:
Dancer
Style
Music

Emma Hellenkamp
Tap
"Impossible"—Lion Babe

Tahani Anderson
Hip-hop
"Anyway"—Chris Brown feat. Tayla Parx

J. T. Church
Jazz
”Dance with Me Tonight”—Olly Murs

Ruby Castro
Paso Doble
"Unstoppable”—E.S. Posthumus

Daniela Avanzini
Jive
”Proud Mary”—Tina Turner

Leon "Kida" Burns
Hip-hop
"Ants"—edIT

Jordan Nata'e Wandick
Contemporary
"Freedom"—Anthony Hamilton & Elayna Boynton

Tate McRae
Contemporary
"The Beginning"—Factor Eight

Sheaden Gabriel
Hip-hop
"Look at Me Now"—Chris Brown feat. Lil Wayne & Busta Rhymes

Jake Monreal
Cha-cha-cha
"I Like It Like That"—Tito Nieves

text: July 18, 2016[edit]

text: Derulo was unavailable this week, but all-star Stephen "tWitch" Boss took his place at the judging table; Ziegler continued to attend and comment at the contestants' rehearsals. The show opened with a group Bollywood-style number danced by all of the contestants and all-stars. In the middle of the show, the all-stars performed a piece inspired by Romeo and Juliet. Contestants were paired with each other to dance two routines; each dancer performed at least one routine outside of his or her primary style. The kids also performed duets with their all-stars. Daniela and her partner Sheaden were ranked in the bottom two, based on the previous week's voting, and Daniela was eliminated.[21]

text:
Dancers
Style
Music
Choreographer(s)
Result

Contestants and all-stars
Bollywood
"Let's Nacho"—Kapoor & Sons (Since 1921) soundtrack
Nakul Dev Mahajan
N/A

Jordan Nata'e Wandick
Ruby Castro
African jazz
"Breath Connect Us All"—Professor Trance & The Energizers
Sean Cheesman
Safe

J. T. Church
Emma Hellenkamp
Hip hop
"Dessert (Remix)"—Dawin featuring Silentó
Tabitha and Napoleon D'umo
Safe

Tahani Anderson
Jake Monreal
Contemporary
"Tell Your Heart to Beat Again"—Danny Gokey
Bonnie Story
Safe

Daniela Avanzini
Sheaden Gabriel
Cha-cha-cha
"I Love It"—Icona Pop featuring Charli XCX
Umario Diallo
Bottom 2
Daniela eliminated

Leon "Kida" Burns
Tate McRae
Hip hop
"Manolo"—Trip Lee featuring Lecrae
Tabitha and Napoleon D'umo
Safe

All-stars
Contemporary
"Move Your Body"—Sia
Nick Florez and RJ Durell
N/A

J. T. Church
Emma Hellenkamp
Broadway
"The Jet Song"— from West Side Story; Dave Grusin
Spencer Liff
Safe

Jordan Nata'e Wandick
Ruby Castro
Contemporary
"My Own"—Whitaker
Dee Caspary
Safe

Leon "Kida" Burns
Tate McRae
Jazz
"I Do What I Love"—Ellie Goulding
Nick Florez and RJ Durell
Safe

Daniela Avanzini
Sheaden Gabriel
Broadway
"Rich Man’s Frug"— from Sweet Charity
Spencer Liff
Bottom 2
Daniela eliminated

Tahani Anderson
Jake Monreal
Jive
"Jailhouse Rock"—J-Lew and the Crew
Emma Slater and Sasha Farber
Safe

text: Duets choreographed by all-stars:

text:
Dancers
Style
Music

Sheaden and Marko
Hip hop
"Treasure (Bruno Mars song)"—Bruno Mars

Tate and Kathryn
Contemporary
"Don't Panic"—Clairity

Kida and Fik-Shun
Hip-hop
"TRNSTTR (Lucian Remix)"—Black Coast featuring M. Maggie

Ruby and Paul
Ballroom
"Muchacho"—Jonny Good

Jordan and Sasha
Contemporary
"Pure4Sure"—Sunless '97

Emma and Gaby
Tap
"Boogie Shoes"—KC and the Sunshine Band

Jake and Jenna
Ballroom
"Ain't Your Mama"—Jennifer Lopez

Tahani and Comfort
Hip-hop
"Pep Rally"—Missy Elliott

Daniela and Jonathan
Ballroom
"Marchina (Remix 14)"—DJ DLVG

J. T. and Robert
Contemporary
"Change is Everything"—Son Lux

text: July 25, 2016 (final 9)[edit]

text: The show began again with a dance that included all the contestants and all-stars. During the course of the broadcast, there was also a group number for the kids and later one for the all-stars. The remaining nine contestants performed full-length routines with their all-stars in their own primary styles (or similar styles), and each did a short solo in his or her primary style. The kids each gave a campaign speech as if they were running for US President. Tate McRae, who is Canadian, qupped in her speech: "The only wall that should be shared between Canada and the United States should be Travis Wall."[22] Sheaden was eliminated, based on the previous week's voting.[23] The show has been promoting the sixth annual National Dance Day, "an annual celebration that encourages Americans to embrace dance as a fun and positive way to maintain good health and combat obesity", which is scheduled to take place on Saturday, July 30, 2016.[24]

text:
Dancers
Style
Music
Choreographer(s)
Result

Contestants and all-stars
Jazz
"Me Too"—Meghan Trainor
Brian Friedman
N/A

Jake and Jenna
Samba
"Hip Hip Chin Chin" (Maxim Illion Mix)—Club Des Belugas
Dmitry Chaplin and Jenya Shatilova
Safe

Kida and Fik-Shun
Hip-hop
"Panda"—Desiigner
Dave Scott
Safe

Tate and Kathryn
Contemporary
"Get Here"—Brenda Russell (Oleta Adams cover)
Brian Friedman
Safe

Jordan and Sasha
Jazz
"Sax"—Fleur East
Ray Leeper
Safe

Sheaden and Marko
Hip-hop
"Down in the DM"—Yo Gotti
Luther Brown
Eliminated

Ruby and Paul
Argentine Tango
"Malevo"—Electro Dub Tango
Miriam Larici and Leonardo Barrionuevo
Bottom 2

Tahani and Comfort
Dancehall
"Get Busy"—Sean Paul
Laure Courtellemont
Safe

J. T. and Robert
Contemporary
"The Mirror"—Alexandre Desplat
Travis Wall
Safe

Emma and Gaby
Tap
"Salute"—Little Mix
Chloe Arnold
Safe

Contestants
Contemporary
"Wolf"—Tailor
Jaci Royal
N/A

All-stars
Contemporary
"Send in the Clowns"—from A Little Night Music
(Sarah Vaughan and the Count Basie Orchestra)
Travis Wall
N/A

text: Solos:

text:
Dancer
Style
Music

Tahani
Hip-hop
"Run the World (Girls)"—Beyoncé

Sheaden
Hip-hop
"Lean On"—Major Lazer featuring MØ and DJ Snake

Ruby
Samba
"The Girl's Gone Wild"—Travis Tritt

J. T.
Jazz
"Unsteady (Erich Lee Gravity Remix)"—X Ambassadors

Tate
Contemporary
"Lorikeet"—Ship Shape

Emma
Tap
"Expensive"—Tori Kelly featuring Daye Jack

Jordan
Contemporary
"Confident"—Demi Lovato

Jake
Cha Cha Cha
"It's a Man's Man's Man's World"—Seal

Kida
Hip-hop
"Lazarus"—Trip Lee featuring Thi'si

text: August 1, 2016 (final 8)[edit]

text: The show began with a group toy-themed hip-hop routine for all of the contestants and all-stars. Later, all 10 all-stars danced a contemporary routine based on a snow-globe. Each of the contestants danced a routine in their primary style with their all-star and then paired with another contestant for a routine in a new genre. Jake and Jordan were eliminated, based on the previous week's voting.[25]

text:
Dancers
Style
Music
Choreographer(s)
Result

Contestants and all-stars
Hip-hop
"Ain't Playing With Ya"—District 78
Pharside Jennings & Phoenix Meraz
N/A

Emma and Gaby
Tap
"Walk Like an Egyptian"—The Bangles (The Puppini Sisters cover)
Anthony Morigerato
Safe

Tahani and Comfort
Lyrical hip-hop
"I'm Going Down"—Rose Royce
Tabitha and Napoleon D'umo
Safe

Ruby and Paul
Pasodoble
"Echelon"—Jack Trammell
Jean Marc Genereux
Safe

Jordan and Sasha
Contemporary
"Amazing Grace (Premier Video Appearance)"—Harlem Gospel Choir
Sean Cheesman
Eliminated

Jake and Jenna
Jive
"Land of 1000 Dances"—Chris Kenner (Wilson Pickett cover)
Jean Marc Genereux
Eliminated

J. T. and Robert
Jazz
"Friend Like Me"—from Aladdin (Ne-Yo cover)
Mandy Moore
Safe

Kida and Fik-Shun
Hip-hop
"The Buzz"—Hermitude featuring Big K.R.I.T., Mataya & Young Tapz
Misha Gabriel
Safe

Tate and Kathryn
Contemporary
"She Used to Be Mine"—Sara Bareilles
Travis Wall
Safe

All-stars
Contemporary
"A Star in a Stoneboat"— Kevin Keller Trio
Tyce Diorio
N/A

text: Contestant duets

text:
Dancers
Style
Music
Choreographer(s)

Jordan and Jake
Hip-hop
"Bad Man"—Missy Elliott featuring Vybz Kartel & M.I.A.
Pharside Jennings & Phoenix Meraz

Tahani and J. T.
Cha-cha-cha
"Bom Bom" (Radio Edit)—Sam and the Womp
Emma Slater and Sasha Farber

Emma and Tate
Broadway
"Act One: Trouble"—from Smokey Joe's Cafe: The Songs of Leiber and Stoller
Sean Cheesman

Ruby and Kida
Contemporary
"Over the Rainbow"—from The Wizard of Oz (Shawn McDonald cover)
Mandy Moore

text: August 22, 2016 (final 6)[edit]

text: The show began with a group contemporary routine for all of the contestants and all-stars. Later, four of the female all-stars danced a contemporary routine, and Comfort and the five male all-stars danced a hip-hop number. Each of the contestants danced a routine in their primary style with their all-star, paired with another contestant for a routine in a new genre, and also performed a short solo dance in their own genre. Ruby was eliminated, based on the previous week's voting.[26][27]

text:
Dancers
Style
Music
Choreographer(s)
Result

Contestants and all-stars
Contemporary
"What the World Needs Now is Love"—Hal David and Burt Bacharach (Will Young cover)
Travis Wall
N/A

Kida and Fik-Shun
Hip-hop
"Blow a Check"—Zoey Dollaz
Luther Brown
Safe

Tate and Kathryn
Contemporary
"Rise Up"—Andra Day
Mandy Moore
Safe

Ruby and Paul
Jive
"Rip It Up"—Little Richard
Mark Ballas
Eliminated

Emma and Gaby
Tap
"We Will Rock You"—Queen
Nick Young
Safe

J. T. and Robert
Broadway
"Mr. Bojangles"—Jerry Jeff Walker (Robbie Williams cover)
Al Blackstone
Safe

Tahani and Comfort
Hip-hop
"BANJI"—Sharaya J
Jamal Sims
Safe

Four all-star women
Contemporary
"This Is Not the End"—Clare Maguire
Mandy Moore
N/A

All-star men and Comfort
Hip-hop
"Dangerous"—Busta Rhymes
Luther Brown
N/A

text: Contestant duets

text:
Dancers
Style
Music
Choreographer(s)

Emma and J. T.
Contemporary
"I Will Not Forget You"—Max Richter
Travis Wall

Kida and Tate
Pasodoble
"Diablo Rojo"—Rodrigo y Gabriela
Mark Ballas

Ruby and Tahani
Broadway
"Stand By Me"—Ben E. King (Joseph Leo Bwarie cover)
Al Blackstone

text: Solos:

text:
Dancer
Style
Music

Ruby
Tango
"Libertango"—Astor Piazzolla

Tahani
Hip-hop
"Bring Em Out"—T.I.

Tate
Contemporary
"Trophy"—NAO featuring A. K. Paul

J. T.
Jazz
"Feeling Good"—from The Roar of the Greasepaint – The Smell of the Crowd (Michael Bublé cover)

Emma
Tap
"Foc"—Rodrigo y Gabriela

Kida
Hip-hop
"Boogie Bruthas"—Fingazz

text: August 29, 2016 (final 5)[edit]

text: The show began with a group routine for all of the contestants and all-stars. Each of the contestants then danced with his or her all-star in their primary style. Two groups of all-stars danced separately: first a contemporary routine and then a Broadway number. In the second half of the show, the contestants each choreographed a duet with his or her all-star in their own genre, choosing the concept, music, costumes and make-up. Finally, judge Maddie Ziegler performed a dramatic contemporary routine paired with choreographer Travis Wall. Tahani was eliminated based on the previous week's voting.[28][29][30]

text:
Dancers
Style
Music
Choreographer(s)
Result

Contestants and all-stars
Contemporary
"I Miss You"—Bjork
Nick Florez and RJ Durell
N/A

Tate and Kathryn
Contemporary
"This Gift"—Glen Hansard
Stacey Tookey
Safe

Kida and Fik-Shun
Hip-hop; Krump
"All the Way Up"—Fat Joe and Remy Ma featuring French Montana and Infared
Pharside and Phoenix
Safe

Emma and Gaby
Tap
"On the Sunny Side of the Street"—Jimmy McHugh and Dorothy Fields
(Ella Fitzgerald and Count Basie version)
Savion Glover
Safe

J. T. and Robert
Contemporary
"I'll Keep You Safe"—Sleeping at Last
Stacey Tookey
Safe

Tahani and Comfort
Hip-hop
"WTF (Where They From)"—Missy Elliott featuring Pharrell Williams
Dave Scott
Eliminated

Five all-stars:
Jenna, Sasha, Kathryn, Marko and Paul
Contemporary
"Feel Again"—OneRepublic
Theresa Stone
N/A

The other five all-stars:
Gaby, Comfort, Fik-Shun, Robert and Jonathan
Broadway
"The Way You Look Tonight"—Jerome Kern and Dorothy Fields,
from the film Swing Time (Maroon 5 cover)
Al Blackstone
N/A

Maddie Ziegler and Travis Wall
Contemporary
"Cage of Bones"—Son Lux
Travis Wall
N/A

text: Duets choreographed by the contestants

text:
Dancers
Style
Music
Concept

Tate and Kathryn
Contemporary
"Footprints"—Jeff Grace
Unmasked: Remove your mask to show your imperfections/true self

Kida and Fik-shun
Hip-hop
"I Can Make Ya"—Fingazz
Manipulator: Robot Kida teaches robot Fik-shun to loosen up

J. T. and Robert
Jazz
"Count on Me"—Bruno Mars
Friendship: Friends can always count on each other

Tahani and Comfort
Hip-hop
"No Flex Zone"—Rae Sremmurd
No Flex Zone: Cool Tahani schools nerdy Comfort

Emma and Gaby
Tap
"Rather Be"—Clean Bandit (Pentatonix cover)
Here With You: Two friends who would rather be together than anywhere else

text: September 5, 2016 (final 4): No elimination[edit]

text: The final four competed on Labor Day. Audience voting after this show was combined with the votes from the August 29 show to determine the results of the season, so there was no elimination this week.[31] The show again opened with a group number for the remaining contestants and the all-stars. The four contestants danced another routine, and later so did the all-stars. Each contestant performed a duet with an all-star who was not his or her mentor, in a new genre, and each also danced a solo in his or her own genre. Finally, the contestants each reprised their favorite routine of the season with their usual all-stars.[32]

text:
Dancers
Style
Music
Choreographer(s)

Contestants and all-stars

"You Don't Own Me"—Lesley Gore (Son Lux featuring Hanna Benn cover)
Travis Wall

Top 4 contestants
Broadway
"Ease on Down the Road"—Charlie Smalls (Diana Ross and Michael Jackson in The Wiz)
Tabitha and Napoleon D'umo

Kida and Sasha
African Jazz
"Din Daa Daa" (Radio Edit)—George Kranz (Kevin Aviance cover)
Sean Cheesman

Tate and Jonathan
Salsa
"Robi-Rob’s Boriqua Anthem"—C + C Music Factory featuring El General
Stephanie Stevenson

Emma and Jenna
Contemporary
"How Long Will I Love You?"—Mike Scott (Ellie Goulding cover)
Jaci Royal

J. T. and Marko
Bollywood
"Malhari"—Bajirao Mastani soundtrack
Nakul Dev Mahajan

Tate and Kathryn
Contemporary
"She Used to Be Mine"—Sara Bareilles
Travis Wall

All-stars, excluding Sasha
Jazz
"Feathery"—Milky Chance
Mandy Korpinen and Elizabeth Petrin

Kida and Fik-Shun
Hip-hop
"Winning"—Fingazz
Christopher Scott

J. T. and Robert
Contemporary
"The Mirror"—Alexandre Desplat
Travis Wall

Emma and Gaby
Tap
"Walk Like an Egyptian"—The Bangles (The Puppini Sisters cover)
Anthony Morigerato

text: Solos:

text:
Dancer
Style
Music

Emma
Tap
"Someone Who Can Dance"—Icona Pop

J. T.
Jazz
"Ghost of Sky" (Epic Dub)—Steed Lord

Tate
Contemporary
"Easy" (Switch Screens)—Son Lux featuring Lorde

Kida
Hip-hop
"Earned It" (Marian Hill Remix)—The Weeknd

text: September 12, 2016: Finale – Results[edit]

text: The episode began with a group dance for all the contestants and all-stars that began with the Top 4 contestants waking up and getting ready for the big day. There were also new group dances for the hip-hop finalists and their all-stars; the ballroom finalists and their all-stars; and the contemporary finalists (plus Emma) and their all stars. In addition, there was a new group routine for all the finalists plus Maddie Ziegler, and Cat Deely chose to reprise her favorite all-stars routine. During the course of the broadcast, each of the Top 4 reprised their favorite solo of the season, each judge chose two favorite routines to see again, each of the all-stars chose a favorite duet to reprise, and other duets were reprised as described below. Results were announced during the last hour of the show as follows: Emma placed 4th, Tate was 3rd, J. T. was runner-up, and Kida won the $250,000 top prize and will be featured on the cover of Dance Spirit magazine.[33]

text:
Dancers
Style
Music
Choreographer(s)

Top 4 contestants, joined by Top 10 and all-stars
Hip-hop
"Brand New"—Ben Rector
Christopher Scott and Jamal Sims

Kida and Fik-shun
Hip-hop
"I Can Make Ya"—Fingazz
Kida (Nigel's pick)

Sheaden and Marko
Hip hop
"Treasure (Bruno Mars song)"—Bruno Mars

Tate and Jonathan
Salsa
"Robi-Rob’s Boriqua Anthem"—C + C Music Factory featuring El General
Stephanie Stevenson (Maddie's pick)

Jordan and Sasha
Contemporary
"The Light That Never Fails"—Andra Day
Brian Friedman (Paula's pick)

Jake and Jenna
Ballroom
"Ain't Your Mama"—Jennifer Lopez

Emma and Gaby
Tap
"Salute"—Little Mix
Chloe Arnold (Jason's pick)

Kida, Fik-Shun, Sheaden, Marko, Tahani and Comfort
Hip-hop
"Ain't No Time"—Future
Luther Brown

Tate and Kathryn
Contemporary
"This Gift"—Glen Hansard
Stacey Tookey (Kathryn's pick)

Top 10 and Maddie
Contemporary
"Small"—Lamb
Mandy Moore

J. T. and Robert
Broadway
"Mr. Bojangles"—Jerry Jeff Walker (Robbie Williams cover)
Al Blackstone (Nigel's pick)

Jake, Jenna, Ruby, Paul, Daniela and Jonathan
Ballroom
"A Little Party Never Killed Nobody (All We Got)"—Fergie, Q-Tip and GoonRock
Dmitry Chaplin and Jenya Shatilova

Tahani and Comfort
Hip-hop
"Pep Rally"—Missy Elliott

Special performance by Sergei Polunin
Ballet
"Diane et Actéon"—Cesare Pugni from La Esmeralda
Sergei Polunin

Ruby and Paul
Argentine Tango
"Malevo"—Electro Dub Tango
Miriam Larici and Leonardo Barrionuevo (Paula's pick)

All-stars, excluding Sasha
Jazz
"Feathery"—Milky Chance
Mandy Korpinen and Elizabeth Petrin (Cat's pick)

Kida and Fik-Shun
Hip-hop
"The Buzz"—Hermitude featuring Big K.R.I.T., Mataya & Young Tapz
Misha Gabriel (Fik-Shun's pick)

Tate, Kathryn, Sasha, Jordan, J. T., Robert, Emma and Gaby
Contemporary
"Burgs"—Mt. Wolf
Travis Wall

Daniela and Jonathan
Ballroom
"Marchina (Remix 14)"—DJ DLVG

Ruby and Paul
Ballroom
"Muchacho"—Jonny Good

Tahani and Comfort
Lyrical hip-hop
"I'm Going Down"—Rose Royce
Tabitha and Napoleon D'umo (Jason's pick)

Emma and Gaby
Tap
"We Will Rock You"—Queen
Nick Young (Gaby's pick)

Kida and Tate
Hip hop
"Manolo"—Trip Lee featuring Lecrae
Tabitha and Napoleon D'umo (Maddie's pick)

J. T. and Robert
Contemporary
"Stand in the Light"—Jordan Smith
Mandy Moore (Robert's pick)

text: Solos (contestants' choice):

text:
Dancer
Style
Music

J. T.
Jazz
"Feeling Good"—from The Roar of the Greasepaint – The Smell of the Crowd (Michael Bublé cover)

Tate
Contemporary
"Trophy"—NAO featuring A.K. Paul

Emma
Tap
"Expensive"—Tori Kelly featuring Daye Jack

Kida
Hip-hop
"Boogie Bruthas"—Fingazz

text: Ratings[edit]

text: U.S. Nielsen ratings[edit]

text:
Show
Episode
First Air Date
Rating
(18–49)
Share
(18–49)
Viewers
(millions)
Rank
(timeslot)
Rank
(night)
Rank
(week)

1
Auditions #1
May 30, 2016 (2016-05-30)
1.0
4
3.75[34]
3
3

2
Auditions #2
June 6, 2016 (2016-06-06)
1.0
4
4.08[35]
3
3

3
Auditions #3
June 13, 2016 (2016-06-13)
0.9
3
3.52[36]
3
6

4
Academy #1
June 20, 2016 (2016-06-20)
0.8
3
3.23[37]
3 (tie)
4 (tie)

5
Academy #2
June 27, 2016 (2016-06-27)
0.9
4
3.04[38]
3 (tie)
4 (tie)

6
Top 10 Perform
July 11, 2016 (2016-07-11)
0.7
3
2.89[39]
4
5 (tie)

7
Top 10 Perform + Elimination
July 18, 2016 (2016-07-18)
0.7
3
2.66[40]
3 (tie)
4 (tie)

8
Top 9 Perform + Elimination
July 25, 2016 (2016-07-25)
0.7
3
2.57[41]
3 (tie)
5 (tie)

9
Top 8 Perform + Elimination
August 1, 2016 (2016-08-01)
0.7
3
2.68[42]
4
6 (tie)

10
Top 6 Perform + Elimination
August 22, 2016 (2016-08-22)
0.7
2
2.62[43]
4
6

11
Top 5 Perform + Elimination
August 29, 2016 (2016-08-29)
0.7
3
2.57[44]
4
6 (tie)

12
Final 4
September 5, 2016 (2016-09-05)
0.5
2
2.37[45]
4
8

13
Season Finale
September 12, 2016 (2016-09-12)
0.7
2
2.27[46]
4
8

text: Notes:

text:
July 4, 2016: broadcast was a rerun of Academy #2.
August 8, 2016: broadcast was a rerun of Top 9 Perform + Elimination.
August 15, 2016: broadcast was a rerun of Top 8 Perform + Elimination.