document_title: List of Akame ga Kill! characters

question_text: who dies in akame ga kill night raid

question_tokens: who dies in akame ga kill night raid

text: List of Akame ga Kill! characters

text: Conception[edit]

text: In 2007, Takahiro was asked to do a manga for Square Enix magazine. He originally came up with the idea of an "all-female band of assassins, and the protagonist is a boy who is captured by them and has to work for them." After his editor approved the idea, he waited on serialization until his company had stabilized and had released two other titles, during which he developed the characters, story and world. In August 2009, following the release of Majikoi - Oh! Samurai Girls, Takahiro looked for an artist for the serialization, and recruited Tashiro Tetsuya to do the illustrations. He liked Tashiro's ability to draw fast-paced action scenes and that he can draw cute girls.[vol. 1:postscript]

text: Takahiro has written additional background information and profiles about some of the characters in the postscripts of the volume compilations, such as for the Three Beasts[vol. 3:postscript] and the Jaegers.[vol. 4:postscript] The Danger Beasts (危険種, kikenshu) were conceived to be any creature that attacks the humans in the world and are similar to monsters seen in role-playing games with different classifications from Class 4 to Class 1, and Special and Super Class designations at the top for the legendary beasts.[vol. 5:postscript]

text: Main characters[edit]

text: The main characters are members of Night Raid, a team of assassins who help the Revolutionary Army's efforts to overthrow the corrupt prime minister and restore peace and order to the Empire.[vol. 1]

text: Tatsumi[edit]

text: Tatsumi (タツミ) is a swordsman who sets out to the capital city to raise money for his impoverished village. He has brown hair and green eyes.[5] Separated from his two companions, Tatsumi is swindled of his money, but is taken in by a girl with a wealthy upbringing.[ch. 1] When he tries to defend that girl from Night Raid, he soon discovers that the girl had actually tortured and killed his comrades, so he kills her and is recruited to join Night Raid,[ch. 1] He accepts, as their actions of fighting corruption would eventually help his village.[ch. 2] His primary weapon is a short sword, but he later inherits Bulat's Teigu "Demon Armor: Incursio" (悪鬼纏身 インクルシオ, Akki Tenshin: Inkurushio), which was created from the still living flesh of an adaptive dragon Danger Beast called Tyrant. While normally a short sword, Incuriso can form armor around the user and grant them powers such as invisibility and superhuman strength.[ch. 5,14] However, Tatsumi's continued use of Incursio takes a toll on his body, and his body and his humanity are consumed by Tyrant. In the manga, he transforms into Tyrant but retains his mind,[ch. 76-77] but in the anime he dies after defeating Shikoutazer.Ep. 24 In the manga, after the war, Tatsumi, trapped in his Tryrant form for life, returns to Mine's side, and they settle in his old village to raise the child they conceived before she fell into coma.[ch. 78]

text: Akame[edit]

text: Akame (アカメ) has long black hair, red eyes, and a cold, serious demeanor.[5] Sold along with her sister to the Empire at a young age, she becomes one of the Elite Seven assassins under Gozuki.[ch. 3] Despite her serious attitude in battle, she displays genuine concern for her comrades.[ch. 3,6][vol. 3] During a mission to assassinate former general Najenda, she is convinced by the latter to join Night Raid and the cause against the Empire.[ch. 3] Her treason sparks an intense rivalry between fellow assassin and sibling Kurome, along with a mutual desire to be the one to end the other.[ch. 6] In Night Raid, she assumes the cooking duties prior to Tatsumi joining the group.[ch. 2,3] While she originally used the Shingu "Kiriichimonji", a sword capable of inflicting wounds that never heal, Akame acquired Gozuki's Imperial Arm "One Slice Kill: Murasame" (一斬必殺 村雨, Ichizan Hissatsu: Murasame) whose poison blade instantly kills whoever it cuts.[ch. 5] During the final battle with Esdeath, as a final resort due to the method of activation, Akame activates Murasame's Little War Horn Trump Card to boost her physical abilities so she can kill Esdeath with her weapon destroyed in the process.[ch. 76,77] Following the revolution, still an assassin, Akame leaves the empire to deal with those in neighboring nations that might take advantage of the fragilized government.[ch. 78] In the spin-off series Hinowa ga Yuku!, it is shown that Akame is also traveling to look for a mean to remove the curse of Little War Horn that is weighing her down, as well as a way to return Tatsumi to his human form.

text: Mine[edit]

text: Mine (マイン) serves as the sniper of Night Raid. She has pink hair styled in twin tails and pink eyes.[5] She initially shows a cold exterior and is suspect of Tatsumi joining her group, but warms up to Tatsumi later on.[vol. 1] Ridiculed and rejected for her half-foreign blood during her childhood, Mine hopes that when the Revolutionary Army wins, there will be more acceptance of different races.[ch. 4] Mine's Teigu is a rifle called the "Roman Artillery: Pumpkin" (浪漫砲台 パンプキン, Roman Hōdai: Panpukin) that fires highly concentrated piercing shots of spirit energy.[ch. 2,5] Her powers are amplified when she is under a tight situation.[ch. 20] Mine is rendered unconscious after sacrificing Pumpkin to defeat Budo during Night Raid's mission to rescue Tatsumi, but in the anime she died shortly after in Tatsumi's arms. Tatsumi is enrage and plans to carry out Mine’s goal to come out on top. Sometime later, Tatsumi would return to Mine's side and wait for her to awake. Upon her awakening, it is revealed that she is pregnant with Tatsumi's child. Because of the mental and physical injuries they sustained during battle, Tatsumi and Mine retired from service and settled down at Tatsumi's home village with their child. [ch. 78]

text: Leone[edit]

text: Leone (レオーネ, Reōne) has short blonde hair and a voluptuous chest.[5] She has a very relaxed and cheerful personality, but tends to display a lack of ladylike manners. She acts like a big sister towards Tatsumi, whom she swindled at the start of the series,[ch. 1,8] As part of Night Raid, she gathers intelligence and corroborates the mission requests. Her Imperial Arm is "King of Beasts Transformation: Lionel" (百獣王化 ライオネル, Hyakujū Ōka: Raioneru), a belt she acquired from the black market that transforms her into a beast with increased strength and abilities as well as enhanced senses such as smell[ch. 1,5,10] and regeneration.[ch. 21] She originally became an assassin when she killed an aristocrat that made a game out of trampling poor kids with his horse.[ch. 10] During the final battle against the Empire, Leone is mortally wounded by Honest, but kills him nonetheless. She then uses what is left of her life to visit her old drinking friends before dying alone on the street where she met Tatsumi with a satisfying smile. [ch. 78]

text: Sheele[edit]

text: Sheele (シェーレ, Shēre) has dark purple hair with part of it styled in a single bun, and wears glasses.[5] Growing up in the low districts of the Capital, Sheele first discovers her abilities as an assassin when she rescues her only friend by killing her abusive boyfriend. When a gang related to the boyfriend seeks to avenge her, killing her parents in the process, she easily murders them. Eventually, she joins the Revolutionary Army and later, Night Raid. Despite being an experienced assassin, she does not have regular duties at Night Raid as she tends to be air-headed and clumsy at cooking and cleaning.[ch. 5,7] Her Teigu is the "Slice All: Extase" (万物両断 エクスタス, Banbutsu Ryōdan: Ekusutasu), a huge pair of scissors that easily sever bodies in half.[ch. 1,5] She is killed in a battle against Seryu when the latter immobilizes her and she is torn apart by Seryu's Teigu Coro. Her final action was using her trump card which releases a blinding light. This allows Mine to flee as she is eaten by Coro.[ch. 9]

text: Lubbock[edit]

text: Lubbock (ラバック, Rabakku) is a green-haired member of Night Raid who early on has a reputation of being a pervert and peeking at girls.[ch. 2][5] In the city, his cover identity is running a book-lending shop.[ch. 11] He is the son of a wealthy merchant and falls in love with Najenda at first sight and decides to join the Imperial army to be near her. Several years later, when Najenda defects from the Army to start Night Raid, Lubbock fakes his death.[ch. 25] His Teigu, "Kaleidoscope: Crawstail" (千変万化 クローステール, Senpen Banka: Kurōsutēru), is a reel of strings that can be manipulated into forming weaponry or armor.[ch. 5] He is captured by Syura, but succeeds in killing him before he is struck down while attempting to escape the Imperial Palace.

text: Bulat[edit]

text: Bulat (ブラート, Burāto) has dark hair styled in a Pompadour, and wields the Teigu "Demon Armor: Incursio" (悪鬼纏身 インクルシオ, Akki Tenshin: Inkurushio).[ch. 2,5] As a high-ranking imperial officer who gains infamy as "One-Hundred Killer Bulat"[ch. 13], he becomes disgusted by the government caring more about bribes than merit, and defects from the Empire when his superior, Liver, is framed for a crime after refusing to aid Honest.[ch. 12] He joins the Revolutionary Army, and eventually Night Raid. Bulat is also revealed to be gay early in the series. Although Tatsumi resists Bulat's flirtatious attitude,[ch. 2] Tatsumi views him as a big brother, and in turn he views Tatsumi as someone who could take Incursio to another level.[vol. 3] In a battle against the Three Beasts, he is fatally poisoned by Liver, but gives Incursio to Tatsumi.[ch. 14]

text: Najenda[edit]

text: Najenda (ナジェンダ) is the leader of Night Raid. She has white hair and wears an eyepatch.[5] She is a former general of the Imperial Army who, disgusted with Esdeath's excessive cruelty, confronts her over it.[ch. 16] After the confrontation Najenda defects and joins the Revolutionary Army.[ch. 16] She initially wields the Teigu "Roman Artillery: Pumpkin", until she loses an arm and eye in a confrontation with Esdeath.[volume & issue needed] When she learns that the empire has assembled the Jaegers, she acquires the humanoid Teigu Susanoo with which she is compatible.[vol. 5]

text: Susanoo[edit]

text: "Flash of Lightning" Susanoo (電光石火 スサノオ, Denkō Sekka: Susanoo) is Najenda's humanoid Teigu who joins Night Raid after the latter suffers several losses; his head has two large horns.[ch. 21,22] He is in a dormant state until he meets Najenda who reminds him of his previous user, a general man.[ch. 22,23] Despite his quiet demeanor, Susanoo quickly befriends Tatsumi and Lubbock.[ch. 24] Originally designed to be a bodyguard for VIPs, he is capable of cooking and housekeeping as well as fighting.[ch. 22]. Like other biological Teigu, as long as his core remains intact, he can continue to regenerate. [ch. 22] His weapon is a Wolf Fang Mace that has blades that can protrude from its end.[vol. 5:rough sketches 3] He has a trump card move, called "Magatama Manifestation" that sucks his user's life energy into the magatama on his chest in order to gain a tremendous amount of strength, and enabling him to use powerful moves such as "The Mirror of Yata" that can reflect any kind of projectiles and beams, as well as "Ame no Murakumo" which is a kind of giant sword that has immense power.[volume & issue needed] However, his user will die after commanding him to use this move three times. This does not happen, as Najenda uses it three times and continued alive; she states that this is possible because Susanoo himself takes its own life to spare Najenda's. He is killed by Esdeath while protecting his friends from her, as she promises to remember him as a warrior, rather than as a mere Teigu.[ch. 43]

text: Chelsea[edit]

text: Chelsea (チェルシー, Cherushī) is a Pink-haired (orange in the anime) assassin who is dressed like a Japanese schoolgirl, wearing a shirt with white sleeves and plaid collar, a black vest, plaid skirt, and tall boots. She also wears headphones with a black butterfly hairpiece. She is almost always seen sucking on a lollipop.[vol. 5:rough sketches 4]A sole operative of a Night Raid regional team, she joins Najenda to fight the Jaegers. While she is somewhat aloof and carefree when not on the job, she is also extremely objective and is often quite blunt when voicing her opinions, which upsets Mine.[ch. 22,23] Despite her nature, she becomes attracted to Tatsumi, admiring his resolve.[ch. 28] Her Teigu, "Phantasmagoria: Gaia Foundation" (変幻自在 ガイアファンデーション, Hengen Jizai: Gaia Fandēshon), is a cosmetics box that allows her to instantly change her physical appearance, including animals.[ch. 22,23] This allows her to get within arms reach of her targets where she uses acupuncture needles to stab her targets in vital locations. After ambushing and killing Bols, she tries to kill Kurome in the same way, but it fails as Kurome survives the puncture inflicted by her needle and then she is killed by Kurome's last two corpse puppets. Her severed head is placed in the town square to hurt Night Raid's morale and the rest of her body devoured by Coro.[ch. 33]

text: The Empire[edit]

text: Honest [edit]

text: The main antagonist in the series, the current Prime Minister of the Empire and the father of Syura, Honest[ch. 10,45] (オネスト, Onesuto Daijin) is a corrupt and tyrannical politician whose only agenda to maintain his position of power and comfort as seen with his constant eating habit.[ch. 10] Presenting himself as a father-figure to the Emperor, Honest secretly poisoned the previous emperor and his wife to manipulate their child to his end while having political rivals and other threats killed off. Honest's selfish outlook is depraved to the point that he mourned Syura's death for a few seconds before callously shrugging his son's demise and considering to sire a more competent son. When the Revolutionary Army begin their attack on the city, having killed off a majority of the court when they planned to hand him over to the revolutionists, Honest convinces the Emperor to activate the Shikoutazer. During the final battle, despite his obese appearance, Honest reveals he had trained his body to live a long and healthy life of hedonish. Honest also reveals the crown on his head to be an Imperial Arm known as the Erase Stone (イレイストーン, Ireistōn) which can break another user's Imperial Arm before rendered inactive for a week. Honest uses the Erase Stone to destroy Leone's Imperial Arm before mortally wounding her and attempts to escape through an underground passage. But Leone corners the prime minister and drags him to the top of the palace before throwing him off to the revolutionaries, subjected to horrific torture before finally being executed.[volume & issue needed] in the anime he is brutally killed by Leone.

text: Emperor[edit]

text: The Emperor (皇帝, Kōtei) is a young boy who wishes to lead his people to a bright future.[ch. 4] But his naive nature and inexperience resulted in him serving as nothing more but as a figurehead under Honest's manipulation, unaware that prime minister murdered both of his parents. As the sole survivor of the Imperial bloodline, the Emperor is the only person capable of operating the Imperial Arm known as "Imperial Guardian: Shikoutazer" (帝都守護　シコウテイザー, Teito Shugo: Shikouteizā, "Primus Imperator" in the anime), which is a suit of armor tall as a mountain boasted to be the most powerful of the Teigu and can fire energy beams that can obliterate entire armies with a single volley. But what the Emperor did not know was that Honest had Dorothea alchemically modify Shikoutazer with a trump card only he can activate on command or as a deadman's switch: Purge Mode. In Purge Mode, Shikoutazer's armor breaks off to reveal its monstrous appearance while the emperor's mind is warped with bloodlust. He is defeated by Tatsumi, who brings forth the full power of Incursio to destroy Shikoutazer at the cost of his human form. In the aftermath of siege, after asking Najenda to rebuild their nation, the Emperor is publicly executed.

text: Zanku[edit]

text: Executioner Zanku (首斬りザンク, Kubikiri Zanku, anime: Headhunter Zanku)[ch. 5][8] initially works as an executioner for the Empire. However, as the number of his victims increase, he starts hearing the voices of his victims and is driven mad by them. This results in his defection from his post. He steals a Teigu and gains infamy as a serial killer who decapitates his victims after they plead for their lives.[ch. 5] His Teigu is "Spectator" (五視万能 スペクテッド, Goshi Bannō: Supekuteddo, lit. "Five sights: Spected"), a headpiece that grants the user various mental abilities, including insight (mind reading), farsight (long-distance sight), x-ray vision, foresight and the ability to cast illusions. After being mortally wounded by Akame, he thanks her for freeing him from the voices.[ch. 5-6]

text: Esdeath[edit]

text: Raised under her father's philosophy of "the strong survive and the weak die",[vol. 4] Esdeath (エスデス, Esudesu) has gained notoriety as of the Empire's most powerful generals.[ch. 7] Originally a resident of a northern tribe of Danger Beast hunters,[vol. 4:postscript] Esdeath is the last of her people and twisted her father's ideals before enlisting the military and quickly rose to her current position. Esdeath then selected her Imperial Arm "Demon God Manifestation: Demon's Extract" (魔神顕現 デモンズエキス, Majin Kengen: Demonzu Ekisu), the blood of a Danger Beast that she assimilated into her circulatory system to gain the power to create and manipulate ice[ch. 42]. Esdeath later invented various ways to manipulate her powers that include a Trump Card which allows her momentarily freeze time around her.[ch. 27] Esdeath used her abilities to conquer the Northern lands, encasing her enemies in ice, before being summoned back to the capital to deal with Night Raid as leader of the Jaegers after her Three Beasts fell against them.

text: Although she is strong at fighting and enjoys torture, Esdeath found herself occupied with love and obsessed over Tatsumi after seeing him battle in a fighting tournament.[ch. 10] With Esdeath unaware of his ties to Night Raid, Tatsumi tried talking her into joining the Revolutionary Army.[ch. 16,18] But Tatsumi eventually gave up upon learning Esdeath's life story and realizing she is beyond redemption.[ch. 27] Esdeath learns of Tatsumi's ties to the Night Raid and attempts to offer him a pardon in exchange for his total submission to her. But after Tatsumi's escape, Esdeath accepts her love for Tatsumi to be one-sided while resolving to fight him in battle to the death during the Revolutionary Army's siege on the imperial capital. When Tatsumi deals with the Shikoutazer, Esdeath battles Akame and ends up amputating her own arm when it was exposed to Murasame's poison.[ch. 72] After the Shikotazer's defeat, refusing to surrender even after the Empire fell, Esdeath attempts to use her Imperial Arm's full potential to freeze everything around her before being killed when Akame activates Murasame's Trump Card. Esdeath uses the last ounce of strength to freeze herself while her final thoughts were of regret over Tatsumi never returning her feelings for him, only her hand remained as it was spirited off by Suzuka.[ch. 76,77]

text: Three Beasts[edit]

text: The Three Beasts (三獣士, Sanjūshi) are elite Teigu users serving Esdeath, having assisted her during her campaign to end rebellion in the northern lands while burying a whole rebel village and its occupants in ice. When Esdeath came to the capital to deal with Night Raid, she loaned the Three Beasts to Honest to help him remove the last of his political rivals. But the Three Beasts meet their end when they attempt to kill Tatsumi and Bulat, Esdeath paying her final respects to them while dismissing their deaths as sign of weakness.[ch. 10,16]

text: Daidara[edit]

text: Daidara (ダイダラ) is a man who relies on brute strength and enjoys every opportunity to prove himself in battle. His Teigu is "Double-Bladed Broad Ax: Belvark" (二挺大斧 ベルヴァーク, Nichō Taifu: Beruvuāku), a heavy axe that can be split into two blades, and when thrown, can home in on its target.[ch. 11,12] He was the first to be killed, being split in half by Bulat.[ch. 12,13]

text: Nyau[edit]

text: A young man with an aristocratic background, Nyau (ニャウ) has an unstable family life. Under his effeminate and innocent appearance, Nyau is a sadist who rips the faces of his victims to add to his collection.[ch. 11] He assumed himself to be the most sadistic person in the Empire before meeting Esdeath, becoming her subordinate to learn under her.[vol. 3:postscript] His Teigu is a flute called "Scream" (軍楽夢想 スクリーム, Gungaku Musō: Sukurīmu, lit. "Military Music Dream: Scream") that, while can be used as a pair of melee weapons, can manipulates an opponent's emotions and weaken them while strengthening allies.[ch. 12] Though Nyau uses Scream's Demon Summon Trump Card to significantly boost his physical abilities, he ends up being Tatsumi's first kill with Incursio.[ch. 14].

text: Liver[edit]

text: Framed by the Prime Minister for refusing to accept bribes while working as Bulat's superior officer, Liver (リヴァ, Riva) transfers his loyalty to Esdeath for releasing him from prison in exchange for his services.[ch. 12,14] At some point during his service, Liver becomes the leader of the Three Beasts,[vol. 3:postscript] Liver wields the Teigu "Black Marine" (水龍憑依 ブラックマリン, Suiryū Hyōi: Burakku Marin, lit. "Water Dragon Possession: Black Marine"), a ring that can control any liquid he has touched.[ch. 13] When his battle with Bulat comes to a draw, he resorts to injecting himself with poison, and uses his secret Blade of Blood technique to have his blood pierce and kill Bulat.[ch. 14]

text: Jaegers[edit]

text: The Jaegers (イェーガーズ, Yēgāzu, German for "Hunters") are a group of Teigu users assembled by the emperor to support General Esdeath in place of the deceased Three Beasts, serving as the Empire's security squad and counter to Night Raid.[vol. 4]

text: Wave[edit]

text: Wave (ウェイブ, Weibu) is a young man from a small town who joins the Jaegers after having served in the empire's navy.[ch. 15] He dislikes the current state of the Empire but embraces his role as an enforcer due to a debt owed to an unseen savior from when he was in the navy.[ch. 28] Nevertheless, Wave tries befriending some of his fellow Jaegers, taking a liking to Bols and Kurome. His bond with Kurome as well his anger at atrocities caused by Wild Hunt cause him to act against them when Syura tries to violate Kurome.[ch. 46] Wave later intervenes in Kurome's duel with Akame and professes his love for her, convincing her to defects so he can treat her drug addiction after receiving Akame's blessing as she and the others agree to make it appear the two died in battle. Wave initially possesses the Teigu "Carnage Incarnate: Grand Chariot" (修羅化身 ランシャリオ, Shura Kesshin: Guranshario),[vol. 4: postscript] a suit of armor modeled after Incursio that enhances his physical strength and grants flight.[ch. 18] Takahiro describes him as something of a rival character to Tatsumi because their Teigus are similar.[vol. 4:postscript] During Kurome's battle with Akame, Wave receives Run's Teigu "Thousands Miles Flight: Mastema" (万里飛翔 マスティマ, Banri Hishō: Masutima), and is able to use it and Grand Chariot in perfect synch, becoming the first person capable of using two Teigu at once.[ch. 66] However, the side effect of using that forbidden move cost one of his inner organ to deteriorate eventually as shown at the epilogue of the story.

text: Kurome[edit]

text: Recruited along with her older sister Akame by the Empire, Kurome (クロメ) gains notoriety as an assassin.[ch. 3] After Akame's defection from the Empire, Kurome decides to kill her. She enjoys eating candy and is usually seen munching on a bag of them.[ch. 15,18][vol. 4:postscript] it is later revealed that her addiction to them was they are laced with drugs, and that she is administered drugs to enhance her abilities.[ch. 33] Her Teigu, "March of the Dead: Yatsufusa" (死者行軍 八房, Shisha Yakōgun: Yatsufusa), is a katana that turns her victims into zombies; she can control up to eight people, who can also use skills acquired when they were alive.[ch. 19] She later develops feelings for fellow Jaeger Wave, with whom she flees from the Empire after he confesses to her, making it look like they were killed in battle, with only a few know their real fate.[volume & issue needed] Kurome finally heal from her addiction but not her guilt and regrets for killing many innocent lives after the empire's regime is over.

text: Seryu Ubiquitous[edit]

text: Seryu Ubiquitous (セリュー・ユビキタス, Seryū Yubikitasu[9][10]) is a young woman (Takahiro wrote she was in her mid-twenties[vol. 4:postscript]) with a long ponytail and a member of the capital's garrison under her mentor Ogre. While seeing herself as servant of justice, Seryu is insane and acts on her obsession to kill any she views as an enemy of the Empire with extreme prejudice.[ch. 8] While she wields a pair of tonfa guns, Seryu also had her body modified with bionic weapon implants by Dr. Stylish. Seyru also received the Imperial Arm Hecatoncheir (魔獣変化 ヘカトンケイル, Majū Henge: Hekatonkeiru, lit. "Magical Beast Transformation Hecatonicheir"), nicknamed Coro (コロ, Koro), a biological Imperial Arm that appears as a small dog. But Coro can increase his mass to become a ferocious monster with a Berserk mode; able to regenerate as long as his core is intact.[ch. 9] After Ogre's death, unaware that she crossed paths with his killer Tatsumi, Seryu confronts Mine and Sheele and kills the latter while losing her arms in the fight.[ch. 8,9]. Sometime after, Seryu receives prosthetic arms that are compatible with the assortment of weapons called Judgment of the Ten Kings which Stylish developed. Nine of these weapons are stored in Coro's body while tenth, a detonation device, is planted in her skull. Joining the Jaegers, though she tended to be a loose cannon due to her ideals, Seryu is eventually defeated by Mine when her body is cut in half by Pumpkin with Coro too damaged. This forces Seryu to trigger the detonation device in a final attempt on her opponent's life, though she felt regret of dying "in a place like this" (a slum far away from her beloved empire).[ch. 38]

text: Dr. Stylish[edit]

text: Dr. Stylish (Dr.スタイリッシュ, Dokutā Sutairisshu) is a man dressed in a lab coat and thick-rimmed glasses,[ch. 15][vol. 5:rough sketches 1] who enjoys experimenting with humans, and is known for recruiting death row convicts as his guinea pigs.[ch. 20] Wave describes his first impression of him as a nancy.[ch. 15] As the healer of the group, he uses the Teigu "Glorious Hands of God: Perfector" (神ノ御手 パーフェクター, Kami no Ote: Pāfekutā)[vol. 4:postscript], a pair of gloves that increase manual dexterity and speed, allowing him to perform complex surgery.[ch. 15][vol. 4:postscript] He can also create cyborg weapons that he outfits Seryu,[ch. 15] as well as enhanced items that he outfits his subordinates such as Eyes, Ears, and Nose.[ch. 19] He has some special attack methods: the first is delivering an odorless poison gas that weakens Night Raid, and the second is transforming himself into a Danger Beast, consuming his subordinates for power. He is ultimately defeated by Night Raid's combined efforts.[ch. 21]

text: Run[edit]

text: Run (ラン, Ran) is Esdeath's personal adviser and the Jaegers' butler.[vol. 4:postscript] He is seen by Wave as the most "normal" member from the group due to his gentle personality.[ch. 15,vol4:postscript] He is a former teacher of a peaceful village, whose students were murdered by Champ, who would later become a member of Wild Hunt.[volume & issue needed] When the Empire decided to turn their backs on this incident to maintain the facade of a "peaceful village", Run was given a choice of joining either the Revolutionary Army or the Empire; he chose the latter in order to try to change the country from within.[ch. 47] His Teigu, "Thousand Mile Flight: Mastema" (万里飛翔 マスティマ, Banri Hishō: Masutima), is a pair of plates on his back that allow him to grow wings and attack using feather-like weapons,[ch. 17] with the additional ability of deflecting any attack once its hidden ability is activated. Run suffered fatal wounds in his confrontation with Champ and Kurome dealt him a killing blow with Yatsufusa, transforming Run into one of her corpse puppets so that he would never leave her, while still wielding his Teigu. Before his death, Run managed to get close to the members of Wild Hunt under the facade of wanting to join them, while he was really searching for the one responsible for murdering his students. Run also managed to find concrete evidence that Syura was the mastermind behind the humanoid danger beasts crisis, enabling Esdeath to force Honest to disband Wild Hunt. During Kurome's fight with Akame, Run transfers Mastema to Wave for his own use.[volume & issue needed]

text: Bols[edit]

text: Bols (ボルス, Borusu) is one of the older members (at 32 years old)[vol. 4:postscript] of the Jaegers; he typically wears a mask and leather straps styled as if he were involved in torture play. He came from the empire's incineration squad.[ch. 15] Despite his job, Bols has a gentle personality and is a family man.[ch. 17][vol. 4:postscript] Because of this, Esdeath comes to him for romantic advice regarding Tatsumi.[ch. 24] He also does housework such as cooking.[ch. 15][vol. 4:postscript] His Teigu, "Invitation to Purgatory: Rubicante" (煉獄招致 ルビカンテ, Rengoku Shōchi: Rubikante), is a flamethrower whose flames cannot be extinguished with water.[ch. 17] After his Teigu is bitten off by Leone during a battle with her and Akame, he is forced to use his Teigu's self-destruct mechanism in order to escape, but is later killed by Chelsea in disguise.[ch. 32] His wife and daughter are later violated and brutally killed by Wild Hunt, under the guise of an "investigation".[ch. 46]

text: Bolic[edit]

text: Bolic (ボリック, Borikku) is a high-ranking member of the Path of Peace (安寧道, An'neidō), a religion that opposes the Empire. However, he is actually an agent working on behalf of the Prime Minister. Bolic is dispatched to kill the current high priest so that he will become the next leader and control it for the Empire's sake. Bolic uses his position and drugs to discreetly control the Path's members, turning them into his playthings. Esdeath, the Jaegers and the Four Rakshasa Demons were ordered to protect him, which resulted in intense battles when Night Raid came to kill him. These battle results in the deaths of Seryu and Susanoo. He is easily killed by Akame while Esdeath is occupied by Leone, Susanoo, Najenda and Tatsumi.

text: Holimaca[edit]

text: Holimaca (ホリマカ, Horimaka) is Bolic's bodyguard who wields a lost Teigu that had been recovered. The Teigu is "The Mysterious: Adayusu" (奇奇怪怪 アダユス, Kikikaikai: Adayusu), a scythe with unknown capabilities: the abilities are unknown because Akame is able to kill him so quickly that she is unable to realize that his weapon is a Teigu and she leaves it behind.

text: Four Rakshasa Demons of the Imperial Fist Temple[edit]

text: Four Rakshasa Demons of the Imperial Fist Temple (皇拳寺羅刹四鬼, Kōkenji Rasetsu Yonki) were four skilled soldiers in Honest's employ. All four were highly trained and able to manipulate their own bodies, with abilities such as extending their limbs, hardening their bodies, and contorting them out of harm's way, as well as possessing great combat abilities. They were strong enough to defeat Teigu users without using Teigu themselves, and have retrieved five of the artifacts for the Empire. The group consisted of Ibara (イバラ, Ibara) (Voiced by: Satoshi Hino (Japanese); Andrew Love (English)), Sten (ステン, Suten) (Voiced by: Kenji Nomura (Japanese); Wendel Calvert (English)), Mez (メース, Mēsu) (Voiced by: Aina Suzuki (Japanese); Maggie Flecknoe (English)), and Suzuka (スズカ, Suzuka).[11][citation needed] The Four Rakshasa were sent to guard Bolic but after a battle with Night Raid, Suzuka was the only survivor.

text: Suzuka[edit]

text: Suzuka (スズカ) is a masochistic woman whose training as one of the Four Rakshasas gave her vast durability and endurance along with bodily manipulation like extending her nails at high speed to pierce her foes, having retrieved five Imperial Arms from enemies in the past. From surviving her battle with Tatsumi during Night Raid's mission to assassinate Bolic, which claimed the lives of her fellow Rakshasas, Suzuka provided the Empire information on his ties to Night Raid while assigned to Wild Hunt to replace Champ and Enshin until the organization is disbanded. Soon after, revealed to have lustful feelings towards her after being nearly disfigured, Suzuka was placed under Esdeath's command during the siege of the Capital. In the end, Suzuka survived and left the Capital with Esdeath's severed hand.

text: Budo[edit]

text: Great General Budo (ブドー大将軍, Budō Daishogun) was a Commander-in-chief of the Empire. He is regarded as stubborn and is known for speaking boldly to the Prime Minister. His faction is strong enough that Esdeath is hesitant to oppose it. He is loyal to the Empire as an ideal and desires to clean up the corruption within the Empire, but only after putting down the rebellion. This implies that he is antagonistic to both Night Raid and the Minister's corrupt ways. His Teigu is "Thunder God's Rage: Adramelech" (雷神忿怒 アドナイメレク, Raijin Funnu: Adoramereku), a pair of piston-installed gauntlets, which allow him to generate electricity and deliver very devastating punches capable of breaching even Incursio's defense.

text: When Budo battled with Tatsumi after his Teigu evolved, he notes Incursio's progress and realizes that his opponent may have done the impossible by somewhat fusing with his Teigu.[ch. 55] Even going so far as to strike him hard enough to knock him off balance allowing his quarry momentary escape. Budo is killed by Mine during their rescue operation on Tatsumi.[ch. 56]

text: Wild Hunt[edit]

text: Wild Hunt (ワイルドハント, Wairudohanto) is the Secret Police of the Empire that is formed after the Jaegers suffered the loss of most its members. The group is led by Syura who gathered world-class criminals gathered from various regions under the Prime Minister's orders, and most of them carry a Teigu, although some of them are strong enough to fight without a Teigu. All six members enjoy abusing their new found authority to satisfy their own urges of bloodlust while justifying their actions under the pretense of investigating the whereabouts of Night Raid - the reason for their existence. Unlike the Jaegers, Syura shows no camaraderie towards the members of Wild Hunt. He is indifferent to their deaths, instead valuing only their usefulness in combat. When Run managed to discover irrefutable evidence that Syura released Dr. Stylish's modified Danger Beasts, Esdeath blackmailed Honest to dissolve Wild Hunt, much to Syura's fury.

text: Syura[edit]

text: Syura (シュラ, Shura) is the son of Prime Minister Honest and the leader of Wild Hunt. He regards the Empire as a toy and uses Wild Hunt to promote unrest in the Empire. While he respects his father and they have an amiable relationship, sharing the same corrupted personalities, Syura desires to surpass his father and become emperor. Prior to making himself known, Syura released many of Dr. Stylish experimental Danger Beasts to kill before the Jeagers managed to wipe out most of them. After suffering a humiliating defeat at the hands of Wave and enduring a scolding from his unimpressed father, Syura swears vengeance against Wave. Syura brags about his relationship with the Minister to his victims and enemies so as to intimidate them into submission, but is nevertheless a skilled fighter, having learned various martial art styles throughout his travels. He wields the Teigu, "Dimensional Formation: Shambhala" (次元方陣 シャンバラ, Jigen Hōjin: Shanbara), a pendant that allows him to teleport anyone within its trigram circle symbol over large distances.[ch. 26] Syura is killed when he let his guard down around a captured Lubbock, who used wires from his Teigu to break Syura's neck. His Teigu was destroyed when Izou slashed through it to kill Lubbock.

text: Champ[edit]

text: Champ (チャンプ, Champu) is a member of Wild Hunt who appears as an overweight sadistic and pedophilic clown and a serial killer, who kills children so they will not become "filthy adults". He wields the Teigu "Ace Solution: Die Leaguer" (快投乱麻 タイリーガー, Kaitō Ranma: Tairīgā), which takes the form of six floating orbs, each with a different attribute when tossed (flame, lightning, ice, storm, rot, and explosive). As he is the one who killed Run's students, Run swore vengeance against him and succeeded in killing him with his own flame orb. His Teigu was retrieved by Night Raid.[ch. 48]

text: Cosmina[edit]

text: Cosmina (コスミーナ, Kosumina) is a female member of Wild Hunt. A singer, and rather lewd young woman, she was convicted of being a witch by a witch hunt. Her family was burned to death, but she survived with a shattered psyche. Her Teigu is "Earth Shaker: Heavy Pressure" (大地鳴動 ヘヴィプレッシャー, Daichi Meidō: Heui Buresshā), a microphone that amplifies the user's voice into deadly sound waves capable of pulverizing her victims. She was shot by Mine and her Teigu was retrieved by Night Raid. Unlike Champ and Enshin, however, Cosmina possesses tremendous vitality, and survived long enough for Dorothea to utilize her alchemy to save her, but suffered brain damage while her heart was stopped. She was modified into a spider-like centaur creature by Dorothea. She was later killed when Tatsumi bisects her.

text: Dorothea[edit]

text: Dorothea (ドロテア, Dorotea) is a young-looking female alchemist working for Wild Hunt. She joined Syura in the hopes of meeting Dr. Stylish to combine her alchemy with his altered body. Her Teigu is "Blood Collection: Absorbdex" (血液徴収 アブゾデック, Ketsueki Chōshū: Abuzodekku), a set of fangs that allows her to drink her victims' blood in a vampire-like fashion in order to strengthen and heal herself, something she greatly enjoys doing. Her alchemy proves instrumental in saving Cosmina's life, though it cannot save anyone who has already died. It was also due to alchemy that Dorothea appears so young: in truth, she was an elderly woman who extended her lifespan by absorbing the energy from others. She was killed by Leone who crushed her with a boulder.

text: Enshin[edit]

text: Enshin (エンシン, Enshin) is a former pirate and a lecherous misogynist working for Wild Hunt. He wields the Teigu "Moonlight Sword Dance: Shamshir" (月光麗舞 シャムシール, Gekkō Reibu: Shamushīru), a saber that creates vacuum blades; its performance is dependent on the phases of the moon. He is killed by Akame and his Teigu is retrieved by Night Raid.[ch. 48]

text: Izou[edit]

text: Izou (イゾウ, Izou) is a master swordsman who keeps his peculiar-looking eyes closed most of the time. He has a deep passion for his katana, "Kōsetsu" (江雪, Kōsetsu), and refers to killing his victims as "feeding" it. Kōsetsu is noted not to be a Teigu and Izou himself claims that he is not interested in Teigu. Syura has noted that as long as Izou is present he can make it up for Wild Hunt's lost military strength, even with Enshin and Champ dead and Cosmina recovering. He kills Lubbock when he tries to escape from the palace after being captured. He is later killed by Akame.[ch. 58]

text: Elite Seven[edit]

text: The Elite Seven was a special squad of assassins that serves the Empire during the events of the prequel manga Akame ga Kill! Zero. Except for its leader, each member of the squad carried a less powerful version of the Teigu called a Shingu (臣具) which were created by an Emperor 400 years ago in an attempt to produce stronger artifacts than the original Teigu, but with no success. All members of the unit are children raised since childhood in the arts of assassination and Akame was a member of them, ranked no. 7 before defecting to the Revolutionary Army.

text: Gozuki[edit]

text: Originally a member of the Rakshasa Demons, Gozuki (ゴズキ, Gozuki) takes the seven most talented children amongst the many tested, Akame included, and trains them to be human weapons for the purpose of stamping out rebels acting against the Empire. He did not include Kurome amongst the seven as she finished in eighth place, and he did not want sisterly affections to interfere with their combat efficiencies. He refers them as his "children" and they in turn referred him as "father". He is intolerant of failure and threatens to disown any of them who failed in their missions. As the leader of the Elite Seven, Gozuki was originally owner of the Imperial Arm Murasame before the weapon ended up in Akame's possession.

text: Najasho[edit]

text: Ranked no.1 of the Elite Seven, Najasho is the sub-leader of the team, thus he usually treats his companions as less capable than him and had a tendency to boss them around. His Shingu is the "Water-Dragon Sword", a broadsword with the power to enhance the capabilities of its wielders for three minutes, at the cost of leaving them exhausted for a while once its effect wears off.

text: Guy[edit]

text: Ranked no.2, Guy has a rather perverted attitude, usually visiting brothels and flirting with the female members of the team. Despite that, he has real feelings for Cornelia and swears revenge upon those who killed her. His Shingu is the "Rare Suit", a suit of armor that takes advantage of the ground to perform surprise attacks.

text: Cornelia[edit]

text: Ranked no.3, Cornelia is the big-sister figure of the group. She is killed by one of Chelsea's former teammates called Taeko, after revealing her secret to her, unaware of her true identity. Her Shingu was the "Pulverization Ring", that bestows superhuman strength to its user, but can harm them if not used properly.

text: Pony[edit]

text: Ranked no.4, Pony is cheerful, straightforward, and rather dimwitted, who has a deep admiration for Gozuki and loved to please him. She also seems to enjoy fighting and killing her targets. Her Shingu is the "Yocto-bottoms", that gives the user extra acceleration and leg strength, but the user must compensate possible side-effects from extensive use with special physical training.

text: Green[edit]

text: Ranked no.5, Green is a bespectacled, rather reserved boy who actually had some feelings for Akame, which are never reciprocated. His Shingu is the "Sidewinder", a whip that moves according to its user's will, but demanding lots of concentration.

text: Tsukushi[edit]

text: Ranked no.6, Tsukushi is around Akame's age and the member of the team she seems to be the closest to. Her Shingu is the "Prometheus", a pair of pistols whose bullets have their trajetory controlled by the user according to their will. However, this control gets harder with each round fired after successive shots.

text: Reception[edit]

text: The characters of Akame ga Kill! have been well received by anime and manga publications. UK Anime Network praised the development of Tatsumi from a "happy go lucky" protagonist and changes as he interacts with the members from Night Raid.[12] Matt Package of Anime News Network criticized most of its first villains for being "one-note savages resigned to "grinning insanely while being killed."[13] However, the introduction of the Jaegers led to a more positive response due to the characterization of the new antagonists with Wave's dynamic with Tatsumi being called out twice due to their several similarities in terms of personalities.[14][15]

text: Works cited[edit]

text:
Vol. 1 (ch. 1–4): August 21, 2010. ISBN 978-4-7575-2980-9. (in Japanese). January 2015. ISBN 978-0-316-25946-0 (in English)
Vol. 2 (ch. 5–9): January 22, 2011. ISBN 978-4-7575-3129-1. (in Japanese). April 2015. ISBN 978-0-316-34002-1 (in English)
Vol. 3 (ch. 10–14): May 21, 2011 ISBN 978-4-7575-3238-0. (in Japanese). July 2015. ISBN 978-0-316-34004-5 (in English)
Vol. 4 (ch. 15–19): January 21, 2012. ISBN 978-4-7575-3482-7. (in Japanese). October 2015. ISBN 978-0-3163-4005-2 (in English)
Vol. 5 (ch. 20–23): April 21, 2012. ISBN 978-4-7575-3570-1. (in Japanese). January 2016. ISBN 978-0-3163-4007-6 (in English)
Vol. 6 (ch. 24–28): September 22, 2012. ISBN 978-4-7575-3736-1. (in Japanese).
Vol. 7 (ch. 29–33): February 22, 2013. ISBN 978-4-7575-3881-8. (in Japanese).
Vol. 8 (ch. 34–38): July 22, 2013. ISBN 978-4-7575-4011-8. (in Japanese).
Vol. 9 (ch. 39–43): January 22, 2014. ISBN 978-4-7575-4206-8. (in Japanese).
Vol. 10 (ch. 44–48): June 21, 2014. ISBN 978-4-7575-4206-8. (in Japanese).

tag: ol


document_title: Biltmore Estate

question_text: when was the biltmore house opened to the public

root

text: Biltmore Estate

text: History[edit]

text: In the 1880s, at the height of the Gilded Age, George Washington Vanderbilt II, youngest son of William Henry Vanderbilt, began to make regular visits with his mother, Maria Louisa Kissam Vanderbilt (1821–1896), to the Asheville, North Carolina, area. He loved the scenery and climate so much that he decided to create his own summer estate in the area, which he called his "little mountain escape", just as his older brothers and sisters had built opulent summer houses in places such as Newport, Rhode Island, and Hyde Park, New York. Vanderbilt named his estate Biltmore derived from "Bildt," Vanderbilt's ancestors' place of origin in Holland, and "More", Anglo-Saxon for open, rolling land.[3] A portion of the estate was once the community of Shiloh.[4] Vanderbilt bought almost 700 parcels of land, including over 50 farms and at least five cemeteries. A spokesperson for the estate said in 2017 that archives show much of the land "was in very poor condition, and many of the farmers and other landowners were glad to sell."[5]

tag: p

text: Construction of the house began in 1889 and continued well into 1896. In order to facilitate such a large project, a woodworking factory and brick kiln, which produced 32,000 bricks a day, were built onsite, and a three-mile railroad spur was constructed to bring materials to the building site. Construction on the main house required the labor of well over 1,000 workers and 60 stonemasons.[6] Vanderbilt went on extensive buying trips overseas as construction on the house was in progress. He returned to North Carolina with thousands of furnishings for his newly built home including tapestries, hundreds of carpets, prints, linens, and decorative objects, all dating between the 15th century and the late 19th century. Among the few American-made items were the more practical oak drop-front desk, rocking chairs, a walnut grand piano, bronze candlesticks and a wicker wastebasket.[7]

text: George Vanderbilt opened his opulent estate on Christmas Eve 1895 to invited family and friends from across the country, who were encouraged to enjoy leisure and country pursuits. Notable guests to the estate over the years included author Edith Wharton, novelist Henry James, ambassadors Joseph Hodges Choate and Larz Anderson, and Presidents William McKinley, Theodore Roosevelt, Woodrow Wilson, Jimmy Carter, Ronald Reagan, and Barack Obama. George married Edith Stuyvesant Dresser in 1898 in Paris, France; their only child, Cornelia Stuyvesant Vanderbilt, was born at Biltmore in the Louis XV room in 1900, and grew up at the estate.

text: Driven by the impact of the newly imposed income taxes, and the fact that the estate was getting harder to manage economically, Vanderbilt initiated the sale of 87,000 acres (352 km²) to the federal government. After Vanderbilt's unexpected death in 1914 of complications from an emergency appendectomy, his widow completed the sale to carry out her husband's wish that the land remain unaltered, and that property became the nucleus of the Pisgah National Forest.[6] Overwhelmed with running such a large estate, Edith began consolidating her interests and sold Biltmore Estate Industries in 1917 and Biltmore Village in 1921. Edith intermittently occupied the house, living in an apartment carved out of the former Bachelors' Wing, until the marriage of her daughter to John Francis Amherst Cecil in April 1924. The Cecils went on to have two sons who were born in the same room as their mother.

text: In an attempt to bolster the estate's financial situation during the Great Depression, Cornelia and her husband opened Biltmore to the public in March 1930 at the request of the City of Asheville, which hoped the attraction would revitalize the area with tourism.[8] Biltmore closed during World War II and in 1942, 62 paintings and 17 sculptures were moved to the estate by train from the National Gallery of Art in Washington, D.C. to protect them in the event of an attack on the United States. The Music Room on the first floor was never finished, so it was used for storage until 1944, when the possibility of an attack became more remote. Among the works stored were the Gilbert Stuart portrait of George Washington and works by Rembrandt, Raphael, and Anthony van Dyck. David Finley, the gallery director, was a friend of Edith Vanderbilt and had stayed at the estate.[9]

text: After the divorce of the Cecils in 1934, Cornelia left the estate never to return; however, John Cecil maintained his residence in the Bachelors' Wing until his death in 1954. Their eldest son George Henry Vanderbilt Cecil, occupied rooms in the wing until 1956. At this point Biltmore House ceased to be a family residence and has continued to be operated as a historic house museum.

text: Younger son William A. V. Cecil, Sr. returned to the estate in the late 1950s and joined his brother to manage the estate when it was in financial trouble and make it a profitable and self-sustaining enterprise like his grandfather envisioned. He eventually inherited the estate upon the death of his mother, Cornelia, in 1976, while his brother, George, inherited the then more profitable dairy farm which was split off into Biltmore Farms. In 1995, while celebrating the 100th anniversary of the estate, Cecil turned over control of the company to his son, William A.V. Cecil, Jr. [10] The Biltmore Company is privately held and of the 4,306.86 acres that make up Biltmore Estate, only 1.36 acres are in the city limits of Asheville, and the Biltmore House is not part of any municipality.[11]

text: The estate was designated a National Historic Landmark in 1963,[12] and remains a major tourist attraction in Western North Carolina with 1.4 million visitors each year.[10]

text: After the death of William A. V. Cecil in October 2017 and his wife Mimi Cecil in November, their daughter Dini Pickering as board chair and their son Bill Cecil as CEO announced that the estate would continue to be run the same way. The house is assessed at $157.2 million but due to an agricultural deferment, county property taxes are paid on only $79.1 million of that.[10]

text: Architecture[edit]

text: Vanderbilt commissioned prominent New York architect Richard Morris Hunt, who had previously designed houses for various Vanderbilt family members, to design the house in the Châteauesque style, using French Renaissance chateaus that Vanderbilt and Hunt had visited in early 1889, including Château de Blois, Chenonceau and Chambord in France and Waddesdon Manor in England, as inspiration with their steeply pitched roofs, turrets and sculptural ornamentation.[13] Hunt sited the four-story Indiana limestone-built home to face east with a 375-foot facade to fit into the mountainous topography behind. The facade is asymmetrically balanced with two projecting wings connecting to the entrance tower with an open loggia to the left side and a windowed arcade to the right which held the Winter Garden that was fashionable during the Victorian era. The entrance tower contains a series of windows with decorated jambs that extend from the front door to the most decorated dormer at Biltmore on the fourth floor. The carved decorations include trefoils, flowing tracery, rosettes, gargoyles, and at prominent lookouts, grotesques. The staircase is one of the more prominent features of the east facade, with its three-story, highly decorated winding balustrade with carved statues of St. Louis and Joan of Arc by the Austrian-born architectural sculptor Karl Bitter.

text: The south facade has the smallest dimensions for the house and is dominated by three large dormers on the east side and a polygonal turret on the west side. An arbor is attached to the house and is accessed from the library which is located on the ground floor. On the north end of the house, Hunt placed the attached stables, carriage house and its courtyard to protect the house and gardens from the wind. The 12,000-square-foot complex housed Vanderbilt's prized driving horses and the carriage house opposite the stables stored his 20 carriages in addition to any of his guest's carriages.

text: The rear western elevation is less elaborate than the front facade, with some windows not having any decoration at all. Two matching polygonal towers in the center are connected to the polygonal south turret by an open loggia that opens the main rooms of the house to the views of the Blue Ridge Mountains in the distance. The loggia is decorated overhead with terracotta tiles set in a herringbone pattern. The self-supporting ceramic tile vault and arch system was used extensively inside and outside of Biltmore, and was patented by Rafael Guastavino, a Spanish architect and engineer, who personally supervised the installation. The limestone columns were carved to reflect the sunlight in aesthetically pleasing and varied ways per Vanderbilt's wish. The rusticated base is a contrast to the smooth limestone used on the remainder of the house.

text: The steeply pitched roof is punctuated by 16 chimneys and covered with slate tiles that were affixed one by one. Each tile was drilled at the corners and wired onto the attic’s steel infrastructure. Copper flashing was then installed at the junctions to prevent water from penetrating. The fanciful flashing on the ridge of the roof was embossed with George Vanderbilt’s initials and motifs from his family crest, though the original gold leaf no longer survives.[14]

text: Biltmore House had electricity from the time it was built. With electricity less safe and fire more of a danger at the time, the house had six separate sections divided by brick fire walls.[15]

text: Vanderbilt paid little attention to the family business or his own investments, and it is believed that the construction and upkeep of Biltmore depleted much of his inheritance.[citation needed]

text: Interiors[edit]

text: First floor[edit]

text: Biltmore has four acres of floor space and a total of 250 rooms in the house including 35 bedrooms for family and guests, 43 bathrooms, 65 fireplaces, three kitchens and 19th-century novelties such as electric elevators, forced-air heating, centrally controlled clocks, fire alarms, and a call-bell system.[13] The principal rooms of the house are located on the ground floor. To the right of the marbled Entrance Hall, the octagonal, sunken Winter Garden is surrounded by stone archways with a ceiling of architecturally sculptured wood and multifaceted glass. The centerpiece is a marble and bronze fountain sculpture titled Boy Stealing Geese created by Karl Bitter. On the walls just outside the Winter Garden are copies of the Parthenon frieze. The Banquet Hall is the largest room in the house, measuring 42 feet wide and 72 feet long, with a 70-foot-high barrel-vaulted ceiling. The table could seat 64 guests surrounded by rare Flemish tapestries and a triple fireplace that spans one end of the hall. On the opposite end of the hall is an organ gallery that houses a 1916 Skinner pipe organ. Left unfinished with bare brick walls, the Music Room was not completed and opened to the public until 1976. It showcases a mantle designed by Hunt, and a large engraving by Albrecht Dürer called the Triumphal Arch commissioned by Holy Roman Emperor Maximilian I. The mantle had been stored in the stable for over 80 years. To the left of the entrance hall is the 90-foot-long Tapestry Gallery, which leads to the Library, featuring three 16th-century tapestries representing The Triumph of Virtue Over Vice. Elsewhere on the walls are family portraits by John Singer Sargent, Giovanni Boldini and James Whistler. The two-story Library contains over 10,000 volumes in eight languages, reflecting George Vanderbilt's broad interests in classic literature as well as works on art, history, architecture, and gardening. The second-floor balcony is accessed by an ornate walnut spiral staircase. The baroque detailing of the room is enhanced by the rich walnut paneling and the ceiling painting, The Chariot of Aurora, brought to Biltmore by Vanderbilt from the Palazzo Pisani Moretta in Venice, Italy. The painting by Giovanni Antonio Pellegrini is the most important work by the artist still in existence.[16]

text: Second floor[edit]

text: The second floor is accessed by the cantilevered Grand Staircase of 102 steps spiraling around a four-story, wrought-iron chandelier holding 72 light bulbs.[17] The Second Floor Living Hall is an extension of the grand staircase as a formal hall and portrait gallery, and was restored to its original configuration in 2013. Several large-scale masterpieces are displayed in the hall, including two John Singer Sargent portraits of Biltmore's architect, Richard Morris Hunt, and landscaper, Frederick Law Olmsted, both commissioned for the home by Vanderbilt.[18] Located nearby in the south tower is George Vanderbilt's gilded bedroom with furniture designed by Hunt. His bedroom connects to his wife's Louis XV-style, oval-shaped bedroom in the north tower through a Jacobean carved oak paneled sitting room with an intricate ceiling.

text: The suite of rooms includes the Damask Room; the Claude Room, named after one of Vanderbilt's favorite artists, Claude Lorrain; the Tyrolean Chimney Room; and the most grand, the Louis XV Room, so named due to its architectural scheme and furnishings that were very popular in the late nineteenth century. The suite was restored and opened to the public for the first time in 100 years in 2011.[19]

text: Third and fourth floors[edit]

text: The third floor has a number of guest rooms with names that describe the furnishing or artist that they were decorated with. The fourth floor has 21 bedrooms that were inhabited by housemaids, laundresses, and other female servants. Also included on the fourth floor is an Observatory with a circular staircase that leads to a wrought iron balcony with doorways to the rooftop where Vanderbilt could view his estate. Male servants were not housed here, however, but instead resided in rooms above the stable and complex.[13]

text: Bachelors' wing[edit]

text: The Billiard Room is decorated with an ornamental plaster ceiling and rich oak paneling and was equipped with both a custom-made pool table and a carom table (table without pockets). The room was mainly frequented by men, but ladies were welcome to enter as well. Secret door panels on either side of the fireplace lead to the private quarters of the Bachelors’ Wing where female guests and staff members were not allowed. The wing includes the Smoking Room, which was fashionable for country houses, and the Gun Room, which held mounted trophies and displayed George Vanderbilt’s gun collection.[13]

text: Basement[edit]

text: Guests of the estate could enjoy other activities that were found on the basement level, including an indoor 70,000-gallon (265,000-litre and 265-cubic meter) heated swimming pool with underwater lighting, one of the nation's first bowling alleys installed in a private residence, and a gymnasium with once state-of-the-art fitness equipment. The service hub of the house is also found in the largest basement in the US, as the location for the main kitchen, pastry kitchen, rotisserie kitchen, walk-in refrigerators that provided an early form of mechanical refrigeration, the servants' dining hall, laundry rooms and additional bedrooms for staff.

text: Park and landscape[edit]

text: Wanting the best, Vanderbilt envisioned a park-like setting for his home and employed landscape architect Frederick Law Olmsted to design the grounds. However, Olmsted was not impressed with the condition of the 125,000 acres (195 sq mi; 510 km2) and advised for a park surrounding the house, establishing farms along the river and replanting the rest as a commercial timber forest, a plan to which Vanderbilt agreed. Gifford Pinchot and later Carl A. Schenck were hired to manage the forests, with Schenck establishing the first forestry education program in the U.S., the Biltmore Forest School, on the estate grounds in 1898.

text: Another important aspect of the landscaping was the intentionally rustic three-mile (5 km) Approach Road that began at the brick quoined and pebbledash stucco Lodge Gate at the edge of Biltmore Village, and ended at the sphinx-topped stone pillars at the Esplanade. In between, the lane was densely filled with natural and uncultivated looking foliage and shrubbery to provide a relaxing journey for guests. Olmsted made sure to incorporate 75 acres (30 ha) of formal gardens that had been requested by Vanderbilt for the grounds directly surrounding the house. He constructed an Italian formal garden, a walled garden, a shrub and rose garden, fountains, and a conservatory with individual rooms for palms and orchids. There was also a bowling green, an outdoor tea room, and a terrace to incorporate the European statuary that Vanderbilt had brought back from his travels. At the opposite end of the Esplanade is the Rampe Douce, a graduated stairway zigzagging along a rough-cut limestone wall that leads to the grassy slope known as the Vista, topped with a statue of Diana, the goddess of the hunt.[13]

text: Water features were an important aspect of Victorian landscaping and Olmsted incorporated two for the estate: the Bass Pond created from an old creek-fed millpond and the Lagoon. Each was used for guest recreation like fishing and rowing. To supply water for the estate, Olmsted engineered two reservoirs. One was a spring-fed man-made lake on nearby Busbee Mountain. The other was a man-made, brick-lined reservoir, located behind the statue of Diana in the Vista, at an elevation of approximately 266 feet above the Esplanade.[20]

text: Estate[edit]

text: Vanderbilt's idea was to replicate the working estates of Europe. He asked Hunt and Olmsted to design a village with architecturally compatible buildings and picturesque landscaping as a source of income through building rental, a place to help carry out philanthropic programs, and an easy point of access between the estate and the train station.[21] The result was Biltmore Village. The village included rental cottages complete with plumbing and central heating, a post office, shops, doctor's office, school, and a church, known today as the Cathedral of All Souls.[22] Intending that the estate could be self-supporting, Vanderbilt set up scientific forestry programs, poultry farms, cattle farms, hog farms, and a dairy. His wife, Edith, also enthusiastically supported agricultural reform and promoted the establishment of a state agricultural fair. In 1901, the Vanderbilts provided financial assistance to Biltmore Industries, started by Biltmore Village resident Eleanor Vance, which taught young people how to make hand-carved furniture, woven baskets, homespun wool fabric, and more.[23]

text: The estate today covers approximately 8,000 acres (13 sq mi; 32 km2) and is split in half by the French Broad River, overseen by The Biltmore Company, a trust set up by the family. The company is a large enterprise that is one of the largest employers in the Asheville area. Restaurants were opened in 1979 and 1987 as well as four gifts shops in 1993. The former dairy barn was converted into the popular Biltmore Winery in 1985. The AAA four-diamond 210-room Inn on Biltmore Estate opened in 2001, and in 2010, the estate debuted Antler Hill Village, as well as a remodeled winery, and connected farmyard.

text: In other media[edit]

text: The Biltmore Estate licenses its name and design elements to a line of housewares, linens, and luggage called "Biltmore For Your Home", marketed exclusively by Belk stores.[24]

text: The house has been featured in "Empires of the Smoky Skies", a scenario in Sid Meier's Civilization V.

text: The estate and its surrounding forest make up the setting of Robert Beatty's 2015 middle-grade novel Serafina and The Black Cloak and its sequels.[25]

text: The grounds and buildings of Biltmore Estate have appeared in a number of major motion pictures and TV series:

text:
Tap Roots (1948)
The Swan (1956)
The Pruitts of Southampton (1966)
Being There (1979)
The Private Eyes (1980)
A Breed Apart (1984)
Mr. Destiny (1990)
The Last of the Mohicans (1992)
Forrest Gump (1994)
Richie Rich (1994)
My Fellow Americans (1996)
Patch Adams (1998)
Return to the Secret Garden (2000)
Hannibal (2001)
One Tree Hill (2003)
The Clearing (2004)
The Odd Life of Timothy Green (2012)
Hannibal (2015)

tag: ul


document_title: List of Olympic Games host cities

question_text: where will be the next olympics be held

question_tokens: where will be the next olympics be held

text: List of Olympic Games host cities

text: Olympic Games host cities[edit]

text:
City
Country
Continent
Summer (Olympiad)
Winter
Year
Opening Ceremony
Closing Ceremony

Athens
 Greece
Europe
S005I
—
1896
000000002018-04-06-0000April 6
000000002018-04-15-0000April 15

Paris
 France
Europe
S005II
—
1900
000000002018-05-14-0000May 14
000000002018-10-28-0000October 28

St. Louis[a]
 United States
North America
S005III
—
1904
000000002018-07-01-0000July 1
000000002018-11-23-0000November 23

London[c]
 United Kingdom
Europe
S005IV
—
1908
000000002018-04-27-0000April 27
000000002018-10-31-0000October 31

Stockholm
 Sweden
Europe
S005V
—
1912
000000002018-05-05-0000May 5
000000002018-07-22-0000July 22

Berlin
 Germany
Europe
S006VI
—
1916
Cancelled due to WWI[4]

Antwerp[d]
 Belgium
Europe
S007VII
—
1920
000000002018-04-20-0000April 20
000000002018-09-12-0000September 12[5]

Chamonix
 France
Europe
—
W001I
1924
000000002018-01-25-0000January 25
000000002018-02-04-0000February 4[6]

Paris
 France
Europe
S008VIII
—
000000002018-05-04-0000May 4
000000002018-07-27-0000July 27[7]

St. Moritz
  Switzerland
Europe
—
W002II
1928
000000002018-02-11-0000February 11
000000002018-02-19-0000February 19[8]

Amsterdam
 Netherlands
Europe
S009IX
—
000000002018-05-17-0000May 17
000000002018-08-12-0000August 12[9]

Lake Placid
 United States
North America
—
W003III
1932
000000002018-02-04-0000February 4
000000002018-02-15-0000February 15[10]

Los Angeles
 United States
North America
S010X
—
000000002018-07-30-0000July 30
000000002018-08-14-0000August 14[11]

Garmisch-Partenkirchen
 Nazi Germany
Europe
—
W004IV
1936
000000002018-02-06-0000February 6
000000002018-02-16-0000February 16[12]

Berlin
 Nazi Germany
Europe
S011XI
—
000000002018-08-01-0000August 1
000000002018-08-16-0000August 16[13]

Sapporo
Garmisch-Partenkirchen[e]
 Empire of Japan
 Nazi Germany
Asia
Europe
—
W005aV
1940
Cancelled due to WWII[4]

Tokyo
Helsinki[f]
 Empire of Japan
 Finland
Asia
Europe
S012XII
—

Cortina d'Ampezzo
 Italy
Europe
—
W005bV
1944

London
 United Kingdom
Europe
S013XIII
—

St. Moritz
  Switzerland
Europe
—
W005cV
1948
000000002018-01-30-0000January 30
000000002018-02-08-0000February 8

London
 United Kingdom
Europe
S014XIV
—
000000002018-07-29-0000July 29
000000002018-08-14-0000August 14

Oslo
 Norway
Europe
—
W006VI
1952
000000002018-02-14-0000February 14
000000002018-02-25-0000February 25

Helsinki
 Finland
Europe
S015XV
—
000000002018-07-19-0000July 19
000000002018-08-03-0000August 3

Cortina d'Ampezzo
 Italy
Europe
—
W007VII
1956
000000002018-01-26-0000January 26
000000002018-02-05-0000February 5

Melbourne
Stockholm[g]
 Australia
 Sweden
Oceania
Europe
S016XVI
—
000000002018-11-22-0000November 22
000000002018-06-10-0000June 10
000000002018-12-08-0000December 8
000000002018-06-17-0000June 17

Squaw Valley
 United States
North America
—
W008VIII
1960
000000002018-02-18-0000February 18
000000002018-02-28-0000February 28

Rome
 Italy
Europe
S017XVII
—
000000002018-08-25-0000August 25
000000002018-09-11-0000September 11

Innsbruck
 Austria
Europe
—
W009IX
1964
000000002018-01-29-0000January 29
000000002018-02-09-0000February 9

Tokyo
 Japan
Asia
S018XVIII
—
000000002018-10-10-0000October 10
000000002018-10-24-0000October 24

Grenoble
 France
Europe
—
W010X
1968
000000002018-02-06-0000February 6
000000002018-02-18-0000February 18

Mexico City
 Mexico
North America
S019XIX
—
000000002018-10-12-0000October 12
000000002018-10-27-0000October 27

Sapporo
 Japan
Asia
—
W011XI
1972
000000002018-02-03-0000February 3
000000002018-02-13-0000February 13

Munich
 West Germany
Europe
S020XX
—
000000002018-08-26-0000August 26
000000002018-09-11-0000September 11

Innsbruck
 Austria
Europe
—
W012XII
1976
000000002018-02-04-0000February 4
000000002018-02-15-0000February 15

Montreal
 Canada
North America
S021XXI
—
000000002018-07-17-0000July 17
000000002018-08-01-0000August 1

Lake Placid
 United States
North America
—
W013XIII
1980
000000002018-02-12-0000February 12
000000002018-02-24-0000February 24

Moscow
 Soviet Union
Europe[h]
S022XXII
—
000000002018-07-19-0000July 19
000000002018-08-03-0000August 3

Sarajevo
 Yugoslavia
Europe
—
W014XIV
1984
000000002018-02-07-0000February 7
000000002018-02-19-0000February 19

Los Angeles
 United States
North America
S023XXIII
—
000000002018-07-28-0000July 28
000000002018-08-12-0000August 12

Calgary
 Canada
North America
—
W015XV
1988
000000002018-02-13-0000February 13
000000002018-02-28-0000February 28

Seoul
 South Korea
Asia
S024XXIV
—
000000002018-09-17-0000September 17
000000002018-10-02-0000October 2

Albertville
 France
Europe
—
W016XVI
1992
000000002018-02-08-0000February 8
000000002018-02-23-0000February 23

Barcelona
 Spain
Europe
S025XXV
—
000000002018-07-25-0000July 25
000000002018-08-09-0000August 9

Lillehammer
 Norway
Europe
—
W017XVII
1994
000000002018-02-12-0000February 12
000000002018-02-27-0000February 27

Atlanta
 United States
North America
S026XXVI
—
1996
000000002018-07-19-0000July 19
000000002018-08-04-0000August 4

Nagano
 Japan
Asia
—
W018XVIII
1998
000000002018-02-07-0000February 7
000000002018-02-22-0000February 22

Sydney
 Australia
Oceania
S027XXVII
—
2000
000000002018-09-15-0000September 15
000000002018-10-01-0000October 1

Salt Lake City
 United States
North America
—
W019XIX
2002
000000002018-02-08-0000February 8
000000002018-02-24-0000February 24

Athens
 Greece
Europe
S028XXVIII
—
2004
000000002018-08-13-0000August 13
000000002018-08-29-0000August 29

Torino
 Italy
Europe
—
W020XX
2006
000000002018-02-10-0000February 10
000000002018-02-26-0000February 26

Beijing[i]
 China
Asia
S029XXIX
—
2008
000000002018-08-08-0000August 8
000000002018-08-24-0000August 24

Vancouver
 Canada
North America
—
W021XXI
2010
000000002018-02-12-0000February 12
000000002018-02-28-0000February 28

London
 United Kingdom
Europe
S030XXX
—
2012
000000002018-07-27-0000July 27
000000002018-08-12-0000August 12

Sochi
 Russia
Europe[h]
—
W022XXII
2014
000000002018-02-07-0000February 7
000000002018-02-23-0000February 23

Rio de Janeiro
 Brazil
South America
S031XXXI
—
2016
000000002018-08-05-0000August 5
000000002018-08-21-0000August 21

Pyeongchang
 South Korea
Asia
—
W023XXIII
2018
000000002018-02-09-0000February 9
000000002018-02-25-0000February 25

Tokyo
 Japan
Asia
S032XXXII
—
2020
000000002018-07-24-0000July 24
000000002018-08-09-0000August 9

Beijing
 China
Asia
—
W024XXIV
2022
000000002018-02-04-0000February 4
000000002018-02-20-0000February 20

Paris
 France
Europe
S033XXXIII
—
2024
000000002018-07-26-0000July 26
000000002018-08-11-0000August 11

TBD
TBD

—
W025XXV
2026
(TBD)

Los Angeles
 United States
North America
S034XXXIV
—
2028
000000002018-07-21-0000July 21
000000002018-08-06-0000August 6

TBD
TBD

—
W026XXVI
2030
(TBD)

tag: table

text: Host cities for multiple Summer and Winter Olympic Games[edit]

text:
List of cities that hosted multiple editions of the Olympic Games

City
Country
Continent
Summer Olympics
Winter Olympics
Total

London
 United Kingdom
Europe
3 (1908, 1948, 2012)
0
3

Paris
 France
Europe
3 (1900, 1924, 2024)
0

Los Angeles
 United States
North America
3 (1932, 1984, 2028)
0

Athens
 Greece
Europe
2 (1896, 2004)
0
2

Tokyo
 Japan
Asia
2 (1964, 2020)
0

Beijing
 China
Asia
1 (2008)
1 (2022)

St. Moritz
  Switzerland
Europe
0
2 (1928, 1948)

Innsbruck
 Austria
Europe
0
2 (1964, 1976)

Lake Placid
 United States
North America
0
2 (1932, 1980)

text: The 1906 Intercalated Games are not officially recognized by the IOC as an official Olympic Games.

text: Number of Olympic Games by country[edit]

text:
List of countries ranked by the number of times they hosted the Olympic Games

Rank
Country
Continent
Summer Olympics
Winter Olympics
Total

1
 United States
North America
5 (1904, 1932, 1984, 1996, 2028)
4 (1932, 1960, 1980, 2002)
9

2
 France
Europe
3 (1900, 1924, 2024)
3 (1924, 1968, 1992)
6

3
 Japan
Asia
2 (1940, 1964, 2020)
2 (1940, 1972, 1998)
4

4
 United Kingdom
Europe
3 (1908, 1944, 1948, 2012)
0
3

 Canada
North America
1 (1976)
2 (1988, 2010)

 Italy
Europe
1 (1960)
2 (1944, 1956, 2006)

 German Empire/ Nazi Germany/ West Germany/ Germany
Europe
2 (1916, 1936, 1972)
1 (1936, 1940)

8
 China
Asia
1 (2008)
1 (2022)
2

 South Korea
Asia
1 (1988)
1 (2018)

 Soviet Union/ Russia
Europe
1 (1980)
1 (2014)

 Greece
Europe
2 (1896, 2004)
0

 Australia
Oceania
2 (1956, 2000)
0

 Norway
Europe
0
2 (1952, 1994)

 Austria
Europe
0
2 (1964, 1976)

  Switzerland
Europe
0
2 (1928, 1940, 1948)

 Sweden
Europe
2 (1912, 1956 (equestrian events only))
0

17
 Brazil
South America
1 (2016)
0
1

 Spain
Europe
1 (1992)
0

 SFR Yugoslavia/ Bosnia and Herzegovina
Europe
0
1 (1984)

 Mexico
North America
1 (1968)
0

 Finland
Europe
1 (1940, 1952)
0

 Netherlands
Europe
1 (1928)
0

 Belgium
Europe
1 (1920)
0

text: Number of Olympic Games by continent[edit]

text:
Rank
Continent
Summer Olympics
Winter Olympics
Total

1
Europe
17 (1896, 1900, 1908, 1912, 1920, 1924, 1928, 1936, 1940, 1944, 1948, 1952, 1960, 1972, 1980, 1992, 2004, 2012, 2024)
14 (1924, 1928, 1936, 1940, 1944, 1948, 1952, 1956, 1964, 1968, 1976, 1984, 1992, 1994, 2006, 2014)
31

2
North America
7 (1904, 1932, 1968, 1976, 1984, 1996, 2028)
6 (1932, 1960, 1980, 1988, 2002, 2010)
13

3
Asia
4 (1940, 1964, 1988, 2008, 2020)
4 (1940, 1972, 1998, 2018, 2022)
8

4
Oceania
2 (1956, 2000)
0
2

5
South America
1 (2016)
0
1

6
Africa
0
0
0

text: Unsuccessful cities[edit]

text: This section does not cite any sources. Please help improve this section by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. (February 2018) (Learn how and when to remove this template message)

text:
Country
City
Bids

 United States
Detroit
7

 Hungary
Budapest
6

 Turkey
Istanbul
5

 Spain
Madrid
4

 Argentina
Buenos Aires
4

  Switzerland
Lausanne
4

 United States
Philadelphia
5

 United States
Chicago
4

 United States
Minneapolis
3

 Cuba
Havana
3

 Belgium
Brussels
3

 Azerbaijan
Baku
2

 Qatar
Doha
2

 Spain
Seville
2

 Yugoslavia
Belgrade
2

 Puerto Rico
San Juan
1

 Australia
Brisbane
1

 Slovakia
Poprad
1

 United States
Boston
1


document_title: Cars 3

question_text: who does the voice of cruz on cars 3

question_tokens: who does the voice of cruz on cars 3

text: Cars 3

text: Plot[edit]

text: Lightning McQueen, now a seven-time Piston Cup racing legend, and the other veterans of the Piston Cup, suddenly find themselves being displaced by the next-generation rookies such as Jackson Storm, outfitted with the latest technology to break speed records. As the season progresses, the amount of new racers begin to increase, resulting in many veterans either retiring, or being fired by their sponsors, to make way for the new generation. Then, in the last race of the season, McQueen is injured in a rollover crash while trying to catch up to Storm.

text: Four months later, McQueen, recovering in Radiator Springs, isolates himself from his friends, and is watching footage of Doc Hudson, whose career ended in a similar accident, and McQueen fears that this might happen to him as well. After receiving some encouragement from his girlfriend, Sally, McQueen decides to continue racing and call his sponsors from Rust-eze, Rusty and Dusty, who surprise him by telling him they opened a new state-of-the-art training center known as the Rust-eze Racing Center, only to reveal that they have sold the team to a new owner, Sterling. There, McQueen meets Sterling, and is assigned to train under Cruz Ramirez. Cruz's methodical approach to training wears on McQueen's impatience, and he attempts to use a high tech racing simulator - only to end up damaging it. Sterling decides that McQueen is unfit to race, and instead, plans to use him for promotional materials only. McQueen contests this, and instead, makes a deal; if he should win the first race of the season, he will get to determine when he retires, otherwise he will retire on the spot. Sterling accepts the deal, but assigns him to work one-on-one with Cruz.

text: McQueen tries to train on the nearby Fireball Beach in order to build up his speed, but he finds most of his time spent on teaching Cruz how to drive on various terrain. McQueen then attempts to race at a dirt track called Thunder Hollow, and inadvertently becomes part of a demolition derby called ″Crazy Eight″ that Cruz wins, and her elation leads to McQueen's embarrassment. Distraught at the waste of training time, McQueen rages at Cruz, and in a fit of frustration, he accidentally breaks her trophy. Upset and in retaliation, Cruz furiously reveals that she had wanted to race professionally all her life, since she was inspired by McQueen, but never started a race because she felt intimidated by the other race cars, and simply lacked confidence. She resigns as McQueen's trainer, and heads back to the training center.

text: Guilty and with no other options, McQueen calls up his friend Mater, who suggests that he should talk to Doc's mentor, Smokey in Doc's hometown of Thomasville. McQueen catches up to Cruz, and, after revealing that he had fixed her trophy, apologizes to her, and convinces her to join him. In Thomasville, McQueen meets up with Smokey, who recounts how, despite his forced retirement, Doc found a new happiness in training McQueen. After McQueen accepts that he will never be as fast as Storm, Smokey and his friends help McQueen learn new tricks to overcome his speed disadvantage with Cruz as his sparring partner. However, during the last practice race, Cruz suddenly overtakes him, giving him a flashback to his crash, shaking his confidence.

text: At the race in Florida, McQueen is coached by Smokey from the pits, and manages to gradually push up through the ranks. Sterling, who still believes McQueen cannot win, orders Cruz back to the center, despite her wanting to stay and watch the race. McQueen overhears this, and remembers Cruz's speech about wanting to be a racer. He devises a plan; the next time he pits, he tells his crew to outfit Cruz in his racing number to try and finally beat Storm, against Sterling's wishes. Cruz is initially shaken by her lack of confidence, but Smokey and McQueen help her to pull ahead. On the last lap, Cruz catches up to Storm. Storm, feeling threatened, tries to intimidate her - even to the point of ramming her against the wall, but she uses one of Doc's tricks to repel off it, take the lead, and win.

text: As Cruz celebrates her victory, Sterling offers her a role on his team, but she instead takes a counteroffer made by Tex Dinoco. Sterling reminds McQueen about his bet, but then McQueen's name is shared with Cruz's on the leaderboard as victors, since both he and Cruz raced with the winning number, thus winning the deal. Tex then goes to speak with Sterling, offering a deal. Sometime later, McQueen and Cruz return to Radiator Springs, decked out in Doc's old color and number, respectively. McQueen reveals that Tex has bought Rust-eze from Sterling, and McQueen decides to continue racing, and to be Cruz's crew chief.

text: In the post-credits scene, Mater at his junkyard tries to answer an incoming call from his phone. Somehow he accidentally touches his reception antenna and his phone goes dead much to his dismay.

text: Cast[edit]

text:
Owen Wilson as Lightning McQueen,[7] a legendary Piston Cup veteran who lives in Route 66's Radiator Springs; racer for Rust-eze; #95.
Cristela Alonzo as Cruz Ramirez,[7][8] Lightning McQueen's trainer and racing technician, who always longed to be a racer, but lacked confidence. She later becomes a yellow and blue Dinoco; #51 racer.
Chris Cooper as Smokey,[9] Doc's former mechanic and crew chief, who helps Lightning McQueen train for the Florida 500.
Nathan Fillion as Sterling,[10] a rich business car who runs the elite training facility Rust-eze Racing Center, who challenges McQueen's position as a racer.
Larry the Cable Guy as Mater, a jolly tow truck and Lightning McQueen's best friend.
Armie Hammer as Jackson Storm,[7][8] McQueen's new racing rival. The face of the newer generation of high-tech racers, he threatens to displace McQueen as the top racer, and McQueen's career; racer for IGNTR; #20.
Tom and Ray Magliozzi as Rusty and Dusty Rust-eze, respectively,[11] the owners of Rust-eze. Following Tom's death in 2014, unused archive recordings from the first film were used for Rusty's lines.
Tony Shalhoub as Luigi, a Fiat 500.
Bonnie Hunt as Sally Carrera, a Porsche 996, and Lightning McQueen's girlfriend.
Lea DeLaria as Miss Fritter,[10] an intimidating demolition derby-inspired monster school bus at the Thunder Hollow demolition derby.
Kerry Washington as Natalie Certain,[10] a statistical analyst.
Bob Costas as Bob Cutlass, a broadcaster at the race track.
Margo Martindale as Louise "Barnstormer" Nash,[12] a Piston Cup legend and a friend of Doc.
Darrell Waltrip as Darrell Cartrip,[5] a broadcaster and former Piston Cup racer working aside with Bob.
Isiah Whitlock Jr. as River Scott,[12] a legendary Piston Cup racer who is a friend of Smokey.
Bob Peterson as Chick Hicks,[11] a former Piston Cup racer and ex-rival of Lightning McQueen, who now works as an RSN announcer and hosts his own TV show, Chick's Picks. He was previously voiced by Michael Keaton in the first film.

Peterson also voices Dr. Damage, an ambulance monster truck competitor at Thunder Hollow; though the character is provided as an additional voice.

Guido Quaroni as Guido, a forklift who is Luigi's best friend and assistant.
John Ratzenberger as Mack,[11] a 1985 Mack Super-Liner who is Lightning's transport.
Kyle Petty as Cal Weathers, one of Lightning's racing friends, and a veteran racer for Dinoco.
Lewis Hamilton as Hamilton, a voice command assistant to Cruz Ramirez.[11] Hamilton previously voiced himself (as a WGP racer) in the second film.
Lloyd Sherr as Fillmore, a Volkswagen Bus. He was previously voiced by George Carlin in the first film who died in 2008.
Junior Johnson as Junior "Midnight" Moon,[12] a former Piston Cup racer who is a 1938 Ford Standard Coupe; #11.
Ray Evernham as Ray Reverham,[5] Jackson Storm's crew chief.
Paul Newman as Doc Hudson, Lightning McQueen's late mentor. He appears in the film with unused archive recordings of Newman from the first film. After Newman's death in September 2008, the character was written in a flashback for his final film eleven years ago.
Cheech Marin as Ramone, a Chevrolet Impala Lowrider, and Flo's husband.
Humpy Wheeler as Tex Dinoco, the owner of Dinoco.
Katherine Helmond as Lizzie, a Ford Model T.
Paul Dooley as Sarge, a Willys Jeep.
Jenifer Lewis as Flo, a Motorama show car, and Ramone's wife.
Shannon Spake as Shannon Spokes,[5] an RSN reporter who is not afraid to ask questions to racers.
Madeleine McGraw as Maddy McGear, a young Axxelo Microlux who is Lightning's biggest fan.
Michael Wallis as Sheriff, a seasoned 1949 Mercury Eight police car.
Mike Joy as Mike Joyride, the host on Lightning's radio.
Jeff Gordon as Jeff Gorvette,[5] a World Grand Prix competitor who now works as a Piston Cup announcer for races
Daniel Suárez as Danny Swervez, Octain Gain's next-gen racer; #19.[5]
Ryan Blaney as Ryan "Inside" Laney, Blinkr's next gen racer; #21.[5]
Bubba Wallace as Bubba Wheelhouse, Transberry Juice's next-gen racer; #6.[5]
Chase Elliott as Chase Racelott, Vitoline's next-gen racer; #24.[5]
Richard Petty as Strip "The King" Weathers, who has retired and now acts as crew chief for his nephew Cal.[5]
Andra Day as Sweet Tea, a forklift waiter and singer at Cotter Pin Bar & Grill.

text: Production[edit]

text: Development on Cars 3 began in 2011 after the release of Cars 2,[13] and by March 2014 pre-production was underway.[14] In October 2014, Pixar's chief creative officer John Lasseter revealed at the Tokyo International Film Festival that the film would feature a tribute to Hayao Miyazaki's film The Castle of Cagliostro, in a form of an old Citroën 2CV.[15]

text: Prior to the film's release, John Lasseter, director of the previous Cars films, stated that the film had a "very emotional story", similar in tone to the first film.[16] Co-writer Kiel Murray, who also co-wrote the original Cars, said of the return to the series roots, "With these franchises you always want to know who it's about. The first movie was about McQueen, and the second movie was a sort of off-ramp to the Mater story. We wanted to get back to the McQueen story. When we looked at what would be next for him, we wondered what that would be like both as an athlete, and also for what he was dealing with in the rest of his life."[17]

text: On January 5, 2017, it was announced that Armie Hammer and Cristela Alonzo would voice Jackson Storm and Cruz Ramirez, respectively. Two months later, Nathan Fillion, Kerry Washington and Lea Delaria joined the cast.[8]

text: The production utilized a new rendering system, RIS, which made scenes like the demolition derby race possible. The system was previously used on Pixar's Finding Dory.[18]

text: Soundtracks[edit]

text: There are two soundtracks released for the third film. The original motion picture soundtrack features rock/pop songs featured in the film, while the original score soundtrack features the score composed and conducted by Randy Newman.[19]

text:
Cars 3 Original Motion Picture Soundtrack

Soundtrack album

Released
June 16, 2017

Genre
Western, Country, Pop

Length
28:40

Label
Walt Disney

text:
No.
Title
Artist
Length

1.
"Run that Race"
Dan Auerbach
2:43

2.
"Kings Highway"
James Bay
3:07

3.
"Truckaroo"
Brad Paisley
2:36

4.
"Thunder Hollow Breakdown"
Brad Paisley
4:49

5.
"Glory Days"
Andra Day
4:07

6.
"Ride"
ZZ Ward featuring Gary Clark Jr.
4:03

7.
"Drive My Car"
Jorge Blanco
2:42

8.
"Freeway of Love"
Lea DeLaria
4:30

text:
Cars 3 Original Score

Soundtrack album by Randy Newman

Released
June 16, 2017 (2017-06-16)

Recorded
2016–2017

Genre
Country, classical

Length
50:15

Label
Walt Disney

Randy Newman chronology

Monsters University
(2013)
Cars 3 Original Score
(2017)
Toy Story 4
(2019)

text:
No.
Title
Length

1.
"Storm's Winning Streak"
1:23

2.
"When All Your Friends are Gone/ Crash"
3:44

3.
"Doc's Painful Demise"
1:25

4.
"Mater on the Horn"
0:29

5.
"Sistine Chapel on Wheels"
1:06

6.
"Temple of Rust-eze"
1:25

7.
"A Career on a Wall/ Electronic Suit"
3:21

8.
"Drip Pan"
1:12

9.
"McQueen's Wild Ride"
2:05

10.
"Biggest Brand in Racing"
3:12

11.
"Fireball Beach"
2:16

12.
"Pull Over, Now!/ Cruz's Racing Dreams"
2:00

13.
"1.2%"
1:21

14.
"If This Track Could Talk"
2:33

15.
"Letters About You"
2:02

16.
"Smokey Starts Training/ A Blaze of Glory"
5:56

17.
"Starting Dead Last"
1:42

18.
"Flashback/ Pit Stop"
3:32

19.
"Through the Pack"
3:42

20.
"Victory Lane"
3:51

21.
"The Fabulous Lightning McQueen"
2:11

text: Release[edit]

text: Cars 3 was released in theaters on June 16, 2017, in the United States, in 3D[20] and selected IMAX theaters,[21] accompanied by the Pixar short film Lou.[22] The film had a special screening for the NASCAR industry in Kannapolis, North Carolina on May 23, 2017.[23] The world premiere was held in Anaheim, California on June 10, 2017.[24]

text: Video game[edit]

text: A tie-in video game has been announced to accompany the film's release. It was developed by Avalanche Software, which was shut down by Disney in 2016, but was acquired and revived by Warner Bros. Interactive Entertainment. It was released on Nintendo Switch, PlayStation 3, PlayStation 4, Wii U, Xbox 360, and Xbox One on June 13, 2017, in North America,[25] in Europe and Australia on July 14, 2017,[26] and in Japan on July 20, 2017.[27] As Disney no longer develops and publishes video games after the release of Disney Infinity 3.0, Warner Bros. Interactive Entertainment published the tie-in game.[28]

text: Home media[edit]

text: Cars 3 was released on Digital HD on October 24, 2017 and was released on DVD, Blu-ray, and 4K Ultra HD Blu-ray on November 7, 2017, by Walt Disney Studios Home Entertainment.[29]

text: Short Film[edit]

text: BBC, Disney, and LEGO have released a short film via Youtube, on April 13, 2018, that is inspired by both the Cars animated series as well as the popular Top Gear TV series. The film tells the story of Lightning McQueen's trip to the Top Gear track where he achieves his dream of racing the Stig around the track.[30]

text: Reception[edit]

text: Box office[edit]

text: Cars 3 grossed $153 million in the United States and Canada and $231 million in other territories for a worldwide total of $384 million, against a production budget of $175 million.[4]

text: In North America, Cars 3 was released alongside Rough Night, 47 Meters Down and All Eyez on Me, and was projected to gross $55–60 million from 4,256 theaters in its opening weekend.[31][32] It made $2.8 million from Thursday night previews and $19.5 million on its first day. It went on to open to $53.7 million, finishing first at the box office and dethroning two-time first-place finisher Wonder Woman. Cars 3 had the lowest opening of the series, but nevertheless was the 16th Pixar film to debut at number one.[33] In its second weekend, the film grossed $24.1 million, dropping to third place, behind Transformers: The Last Knight and Wonder Woman.[34] In its third weekend the film made $9.7 million ($14.1 million over the five-day 4th of July holiday weekend), dropping to 5th.[35]

text: Internationally, the film made $21.3 million from its opening in 23 markets, which was 9% more than Cars 2 and 29% more than Cars.[36] The film opened in China on August 25 and grossed $10.8 million over its debut weekend.[37] The biggest markets in terms of total earnings are China ($20.8 million), followed by France ($19.5 million), Japan ($16.1 million), Mexico ($15.6 million), and the UK ($15.2 million).[38]

text: Critical response[edit]

text: On review aggregator Rotten Tomatoes, the film has an approval rating of 67% based on 193 reviews, with an average rating of 6/10. The website's critical consensus reads, "Cars 3 has an unexpectedly poignant story to go with its dazzling animation, suggesting Pixar's most middle-of-the-road franchise may have a surprising amount of tread left."[39] On Metacritic, which assigns a normalized rating, the film has a score of 59 out of 100, based on reviews from 41 critics, indicating "mixed or average reviews".[40] Audiences polled by CinemaScore gave the film an average grade of "A" on an A+ to F scale.[33]

text: In his review for Variety, Owen Gleiberman wrote, "Cars 3 is a friendly, rollicking movie made with warmth and dash, and to the extent that it taps our primal affection for this series, it more than gets the job done. Yet in many ways it’s the tasteful version of a straight-to-DVD (or streaming) sequel."[41] David Fear of Rolling Stone gave the film a positive review, saying: "There's an emotional resonance to this story about growing old, chasing glory days and the joy of passing the baton that leaves the other two films choking on its digitally rendered dust. The end goal this time out isn't just to sell a few more toys and Lightning McQueen lunchboxes. It's actually tapping into something deeper than a corporate bottom line."[42] Mike Ryan of Uproxx called the film 'The Rocky III Of The Cars Franchise,' and wrote "There’s a hint of sadness that seems to be present throughout Cars 3 that gives it a little more weight than the previous installments."[43]

text: Alonso Duralde of TheWrap gave the film a mixed review, saying: "As a spawner of merchandise, Cars 3 fires on all pistons but, as a movie, it's a harmless but never stimulating 109 minutes."[44] Vicky Roach gave the film 3 out of 4 stars, saying: "Returning to the iconic, backroads nostalgia of the original film, Cars 3 puts the flashy, unpopular middle film squarely in its rear vision mirror. The route that the filmmakers take might be familiar, but after gunning it, they take the corners like pros."[45]

text: Accolades[edit]

text:
Award
Date of ceremony
Category
Recipient(s) and nominee(s)
Result
Ref.

Teen Choice Awards
August 13, 2017
Choice Movie: Comedy
Walt Disney Pictures
Nominated
[46]

Choice Movie Actor: Comedy
Owen Wilson
Nominated

Detroit Film Critics Society
December 7, 2017
Best Animated Film
Cars 3
Nominated
[47]

St. Louis Film Critics Association
December 15, 2017
Best Animated Feature
Brian Fee
Nominated
[48]

IGN Awards
December 19, 2017
Best Animated Movie
Cars 3
Nominated
[49]

Central Ohio Film Critics Association
January 4, 2017
Best Animated Film
Nominated
[50]

Image Awards
January 15, 2018
Outstanding Character Voice-Over Performance
Kerry Washington as Natalie Certain
Nominated
[51]

Satellite Awards
February 10, 2018
Best Animated or Mixed Media Feature
Cars 3
Nominated
[52]

Art Directors Guild
January 27, 2018
Production Design in an Animated Feature
William Cone and Jay Shuster
Nominated
[53]

Visual Effects Society Awards
February 13, 2018
Outstanding Visual Effects in an Animated Feature
Brian Fee, Kevin Reher, Michael Fong, Jon Reisch
Nominated
[54]

Outstanding Created Environment in an Animated Feature
Marlena Fecho, Thidartana Annee Jonjai, Jose L. Ramos Serrano, Frank Tai for "Abandoned Racetrack"
Nominated

Outstanding Effects Simulations in an Animated Feature
Greg Gladstone, Stephen Marshall, Leon JeongWook Park, Tim Speltz
Nominated

Annie Award
February 3, 2018
Best Animated Feature
Kevin Reher
Nominated
[55]

Animated Effects in an Animated Production
Amit Baadkar, Greg Gladstone, Stephen Marshall, Tim Speltz and Jon Reisch
Nominated

Cinema Audio Society Awards
February 24, 2018
Outstanding Achievement in Sound Mixing for a Motion Picture – Animated
Doc Kane, Tom Meyers, Michael Semanick, Nathan Nance, David Boucher and Blake Collins
Nominated
[56]

Saturn Awards
June 2018
Best Animated Film
Cars 3
Pending
[57]

text: Possible sequel[edit]

text: Regarding a possible Cars 4, Cars 3 producers Kevin Reher and Andrea Warren stated speaking to Cinema Blend that "If there's a good story to tell, I mean, our heads kinda break after having gotten this one done, like "oh my God" what could you do the further adventures of? But like any sequel, from Toy Story 4 to Incredibles 2, as long as there's a good story to tell it's worth investing, we do love these characters, we love them as much as the public does."[58] Regarding which character would be the main protagonist in the film, Reher and Warren stated that "if Cruz is a breakout character, kind of like Mater was, she would be involved in a 4".[59] Owen Wilson stated at a Cars 3 press event that possible stories have been discussed for a Cars 4, though he would personally like for a fourth Cars film to delve into aspects of the thriller genre, akin to Cars 2.[60]