document_title: Sons of Anarchy

question_text: in sons of anarchy who is sam crow

question_tokens: in sons of anarchy who is sam crow

text: Sons of Anarchy

text: Series overview[edit]

text: Each season involves parallel plot lines that intertwine and overlap, centering on both the personal and family life of Jackson "Jax" Teller (Charlie Hunnam) and on SAMCRO (Sons of Anarchy Motorcycle Club, Redwood Original). SAMCRO is involved with gun-running in the western United States, and deals with rival gangs, politicians and the authorities. As vice president and later president of SAMCRO, Jax struggles to manage the club and the legacy of its founder, his late father John. SAMCRO is said to resemble the Hells Angels Motorcycle Club; the series includes appearances from David Labrava (Happy), Chuck Zito (Frankie Diamonds), Rusty Coones (Quinn), and Sonny Barger (Lenny "The Pimp" Janowitz) who are real Hells Angels members.

text: Season 1 (2008)[edit]

text: The series begins with the destruction of a warehouse the club uses to store and assemble guns, which is their main source of income, by a rival MC right before the overdose of Jax's Methamphetamine-addicted ex-wife Wendy. An emergency C-section is performed, and their son Abel is delivered ten weeks prematurely. Jax finds his father's memoirs when he visits a storage unit to collect some old baby clothes. John Teller, Jax's father, was one of the founders of SAMCRO, and the book describes his trials with and hopes for the club. Jax's mother, Gemma Teller-Morrow, is now married to the President of SAMCRO, Clay Morrow. Jax's best friend Opie has just been released from prison for serving time for a club-related crime. The first season deals with Jax trying to reconcile things happening to the club with what he reads in his father's memoirs, Opie trying to take a lesser role in the club, and local and federal law enforcement trying to shut down SAMCRO.

text: Season 2 (2009)[edit]

text: White separatists called the League of American Nationalists (LOAN) arrive in Charming.[10] LOAN's leader Ethan Zobelle and Zobelle's enforcer, A.J. Weston, seek to drive the Sons of Anarchy from Charming. To send a message to SAMCRO, Zobelle orchestrates to have Gemma kidnapped and gang raped by Weston and two others. Due to the improper handling of an internal problem, the rift between Clay and Jax continues to widen as Jax challenges most of Clay's decisions and comes to a head when a lone car bomb nearly kills another member of SAMCRO. The second season sees SAMCRO battling LOAN for control of Charming, Jax and Clay veering further apart in their individual visions for the club, and evading the ever-present threat of the ATF.

text: Season 3 (2010)[edit]

text: Gemma has been hiding in Rogue River, Oregon with Tig at the home of Gemma's father, Nate (Hal Holbrook), who suffers from dementia. Gemma struggles when she takes Nate to his new assisted living home, and he pleads to be taken back to his house. She returns to Charming to reunite with her grandson, unaware he has been kidnapped. The return of A.T.F. agent Stahl twists the facts about the murder of Donna, Stahl attempts to make a deal with Jax behind the club's back. Father Kellan Ashby's sister, Maureen, contacts Gemma at Ashby's request and tells her Abel is safe in Belfast. Upon learning of her grandson's abduction, Gemma suffers a cardiac arrhythmia and collapses in the Teller-Morrow lot. After the club returns from Ireland and brings home Abel, agent Stahl double crosses Jax and tells the club about the side deal Jax made with her, unaware that Jax and the club had it planned all along knowing Stahl would back out of the deal. Jax, Clay, Bobby, Tig, Juice and Happy are hauled away to jail. While Opie, Chibbs, and the Prospects are all en route following Stahl. Opie kills Stahl to avenge the death of his wife, Donna.

text: Season 4 (2011)[edit]

text: The imprisoned SAMCRO members leave the penitentiary after their 14-month stay and are met by Lieutenant Eli Roosevelt of the San Joaquin Sheriff's Department, the new law enforcement present in Charming. They also discover Hale has become the mayor. US Attorney Lincoln Potter seeks Lieutenant Roosevelt's help to build a RICO case against SAMCRO.

text: Season 5 (2012)[edit]

text: In retaliation for the death of Veronica Pope (Laroy's girlfriend, who was also the daughter of powerful Oakland kingpin Damon Pope), the Niners attack SAMCRO and ambush a cargo shipment. With the death of Piney Winston and the growing conflict between the Niners and SAMCRO, along with several home invasions targeting people linked to the Club, Jax is forced to meet with Damon Pope, to face a new threat unlike anything SAMCRO has ever faced.

text: Season 6 (2013)[edit]

text: Following the arrest of Tara and Clay, Jax struggles to hold SAMCRO together while Tara is imprisoned. Toric approaches both Tara and Clay and offers them deals in exchange for giving up SAMCRO; both initially refuse, but Clay later relents when confronted with being thrown into the prison's general population and assuredly being killed by inmates paid off by Damon Pope's men as a retaliation for Pope's murder. Juice returns to Charming after helping Bobby relocate after stepping down as VP, which angers Chibs, who doesn't believe Juice has been punished enough for talking to cops and later beats him. With the growing romance between Gemma and Nero, the death of Clay Morrow, and death of Tara, the tables get turned and club starts to go in a new darker direction.

text: Season 7 (2014)[edit]

text: Jax struggles with his recent loss and turns himself in to the authorities. While in jail, Jax makes decisions that radically alter the direction of the club and uses it to exact revenge. Another member's death fuels the hate and lies created by Gemma and Juice, who are on the run and hiding from the club. After Jax learns the truth, he works to make things right with all parties involved. The series ends with Jax making the ultimate sacrifice to complete his part of the story of SAMCRO and fulfill his father's vision.

text: Cast and characters[edit]

text: Sons of Anarchy is the story of the Teller-Morrow family of Charming, California, as well as the other members of Sons of Anarchy Motorcycle Club, Redwood Original (SAMCRO), their families, various Charming townspeople, allied and rival gangs, associates, and law agencies that undermine or support SAMCRO's legal and illegal enterprises.

text: Main[edit]

text:
Character
Actor
Seasons

1
2
3
4
5
6
7

Jax Teller
Charlie Hunnam
Main

Gemma Teller Morrow
Katey Sagal
Main

Bobby Munson
Mark Boone Junior
Main

Alex "Tig" Trager
Kim Coates
Main

Filip "Chibs" Telford
Tommy Flanagan
Main

Kip "Half-Sack" Epps
Johnny Lewis
Main

Tara Knowles
Maggie Siff
Main

Clarence "Clay" Morrow
Ron Perlman
Main

Opie Winston
Ryan Hurst
Recurring
Main

Piney Winston
William Lucking
Recurring
Main

Juan Carlos "Juice" Ortiz
Theo Rossi
Recurring
Main

Wayne Unser
Dayton Callie
Recurring
Main

Wendy Case
Drea de Matteo
Special Guest

Special Guest
Main

Happy
David Labrava
Guest
Co-star
Recurring
Main

Ratboy
Niko Nicotera

Recurring
Main

Nero
Jimmy Smits

Special Guest
Starring

text: Recurring[edit]

text:
Emilio Rivera as Marcus Alvarez
Tory Kittles as Laroy Wayne (seasons 1–4)
Taylor Sheridan as Deputy Chief David Hale (seasons 1–3)
Jamie McShane as Cameron Hayes (seasons 1–3)
Dendrie Taylor as Luann Delaney (seasons 1–2)
Glenn Plummer as Deputy Sheriff Vic Trammel (seasons 1–2)
Julie Ariola as Mary Winston (seasons 1–2)
Taryn Manning as Rita "Cherry" Zambell (seasons 1 & 3)
Sprague Grayden as Donna Winston (season 1)
Jay Karnes as Agent Joshua Kohn (season 1)
Keir O'Donnell as Lowell Harland, Jr. (season 1)
Ally Walker as Agent June Stahl (seasons 1–3)
Jeff Wincott as Jimmy Cacuzza (guest season 1,5 & 6)
Mitch Pileggi as Ernest Darby (seasons 1–2; special guest season 3; guest season 6)
Michael Ornstein as Chuck Marstein (seasons 2–7; guest season 1)
Adam Arkin as Ethan Zobelle (season 2)
Kenneth Choi as Henry Lin (seasons 2–3 & 5–6; guest season 1; special guest season 7)
Kurt Sutter as "Big" Otto Delaney (seasons 2–6 (uncredited); guest season 1 (uncredited))
Patrick St. Esprit as Elliott Oswald (seasons 2–4; guest seasons 1 & 6)
Marcos de la Cruz as Estevez (seasons 2–3; guest season 1)
Winter Ave Zoli as Lyla Winston (seasons 2–7)
McNally Sagal as Margaret Murphy (seasons 2–6)
Kristen Renton as Ima (seasons 2–6)
Titus Welliver as Jimmy O'Phelan (seasons 2–3)
Bellina Logan as Fiona Larkin (seasons 2–3)
Henry Rollins as AJ Weston (season 2)
Callard Harris as Edmond Hayes (season 2)
Sarah Jones as Polly Zobelle (season 2)
Jeff Kober as Jacob Hale, Jr. (seasons 3–6; guest season 2)
Christopher Douglas Reed as Philip "Filthy Phil" Russell (seasons 3–6)
Robin Weigert as Ally Lowen (seasons 3–6)
Michael Beach as T.O. Cross (seasons 3 & 7; guest season 5)
Hal Holbrook as Nate Madok (season 3; guest season 7)
Jose Pablo Cantillo as Hector Salazar (season 3)
James Cosmo as Father Kellen Ashby (season 3)
Zoe Boyle as Trinity Ashby (season 3)
Andrew McPhee as Keith McGee (season 3)
Arie Verveen as Liam O'Neill (season 3)
Pamela J. Gray as Agent Amy Tyler (season 3)
Marcello Thedford as Lander Jackson (season 3)
Joel Tobeck as Donny (season 3)
Darin Heames as Seamus Ryan (season 3)
Q'orianka Kilcher as Kerrianne Larkin-Telford (season 3)
Monique Gabriela Curnen as Amelia Dominguez (season 3)
Michael Fairman as Lumpy Feldstein (season 3)
Bob McCracken as Brendan Roarke (seasons 4 & 6–7; guest season 3)
Frank Potter as Eric Miles (season 4; co-star season 3)
Walter Wong as Chris "V-Lin" Von Lin (seasons 4–6)
Timothy V. Murphy as Galen O'Shay (seasons 4–6)
Merle Dandridge as Rita Roosevelt (seasons 4–5)
Benito Martinez as Luis Torres (season 4; special guest season 5)
David Rees Snell as Agent Grad Nicholas (season 4)
Billy Brown as August Marks (seasons 5–7)
Reynaldo Gallegos as Fiasco (seasons 5–7)
Chuck Zito as Frankie Diamonds (season 5)
Chris Browning as GoGo (season 5)
Kurt Yaeger as Greg "The Peg" (season 5)
Wanda De Jesus as Carla (season 5)
LaMonica Garrett as Deputy Sheriff Cane (seasons 6–7; co-star seasons 4–5)
Rusty Coones as Rane Quinn (seasons 6–7; co-star season 5)
Kim Dickens as Colette Jane (seasons 6–7)
Kenny Johnson as Herman Kozik (seasons 2-4)
Douglas Bennett as Orlin West (seasons 6–7)
Jacob Vargas as Allesandro Montez (seasons 6–7)
Scott Anderson as Connor Malone (seasons 6–7)
Steve Howey as Hopper (season 6)
Michael Shamus Wiles as Jury White (season 7; guest seasons 1 & 6)
Marya Delver as Officer Candy Eglee (season 7; co-star seasons 1–3 & 6)
Mo McRae as Tyler (season 7; guest seasons 5–6)
Hayley McFarland as Brooke Putner (season 7; guest season 6)
Marilyn Manson as Ron Tully (season 7)
Malcolm-Jamal Warner as Sticky (season 7)[11]
Ivo Nandi as Oscar "El Oso" Ramos (season 7)
Ron Yuan as Ryu Tom (season 7)
Brad Carter as Leland Gruen (season 7)
April Grace as Loutreesha Haddem (season 7)
Arjay Smith as Grant McQueen (season 7)
Matthew St. Patrick as Moses Cartwright (season 7)
Tony Curran as Gaines (season 7)

text: Elements[edit]

text: Concept[edit]

text: The Sons of Anarchy (SOA) is an outlaw motorcycle club with many charters in the United States as well as overseas. The show focuses on the original and founding ("mother") charter, Sons of Anarchy Motorcycle Club, Redwood Original,[12] referred to by the acronym SAMCRO[13] or Sam Crow, located in the fictional town of Charming, California, adjacent to the Teller-Morrow auto mechanic shop. Its nickname is reflected in the original title for the show, Forever Sam Crow.[14] Led by President Clay Morrow, the club 'protects' and controls Charming through close community relationships, bribery, and violent intimidation. In the early seasons they are vehement about keeping "hard" drugs and drug dealers out of Charming. They also do not tolerate sex criminals. The club's leadership are supporters of the IRA.

text: SAMCRO founders[edit]

text: John Teller and Piermont "Piney" Winston co-founded SAMCRO in 1967 on returning from the Vietnam War.[15] When John's wife Gemma becomes pregnant with their second son, Jackson (Jax), they settle in Gemma's hometown of Charming. Six of the "Redwood Original 9", or "First 9", members were Vietnam vets, with only Lenny Janowitz alive at the end of the series.

text: SAMCRO attire[edit]

text: Club members wear vests known as kuttes. The SOA patch on the back is a Grim Reaper holding a crystal ball with the Anarchist circle-A symbol, and wielding the Reaper's traditional scythe, the handle of which has been replaced by the M16 rifle that the founders wielded in Vietnam. Only full members can wear the "patch". Other smaller patches have specific meanings, such as "Men of Mayhem" worn by club members who have spilled blood on the club's behalf, "First 9", worn by the original nine members, and those for the President/Vice President/Sergeant at Arms/Secretary. Kelli Jones was the costume designer for all the seasons. Due to its popularity, replicas of the vests, with the same style of top pockets, zips and button clasps, have become popular on various auction sites.[citation needed]

text: Vehicles[edit]

text: The Sons ride customised Harley-Davidson Dyna motorcycles. Each rider customises his own bike to his individual style; however, they all paint their bikes black and most sport T-bar style handlebars. A patchholder's bike usually sports the Sons of Anarchy letters, the club's Grim Reaper logo, or the circled "A" club logo. In later seasons, several members switch to more touring-oriented models. For instance, Jax is often seen on a Street Glide. Prospects are not permitted to paint their bikes black until they get patched in.

text: Jax is also seen driving a silver Dodge Ram 1500 throughout the show. His mother (Gemma Teller Morrow) is usually seen driving a Cadillac XLR-V and an Escalade. Later in Season 6 she is seen driving a Lincoln Navigator (all are painted black).

text: Throughout season 7 Jax is seen refurbishing his father's bike, a stock 1946 Harley Davidson, equipped with the correct Knucklehead motor and hardtail cradle frame. The bike which he rides in the Season 7 finale's last scenes is fitted with an Evolution motor, and late-model swing arm frame.

text: The Mayans MC also ride Harley Davidson motorcycles (Panheads, Shovelheads and Evolutions). The biggest difference between their bikes and the Sons' lies in ape hanger bars, fender skirts and bikes of all colors.

text: Nero Padilla errs when referring to the year of his blue Impala SS. While he mentions the "lack of child safety features in 1964", it is actually a 1963 Impala SS.

text: Activities and affiliates[edit]

text: Some members have day jobs in local industries; most work at the Teller-Morrow garage as mechanics, but they primarily make money by illegally importing weapons and selling them to various gangs, and making protection runs for local businesses by defending valuable truck shipments against hijacking. During Season 4 they start to mule cocaine for the Galindo cartel in exchange for cash and protection. In later seasons they manage a porn studio and an escort business, both legitimately.

text: SAMCRO keeps meth traffickers and drug dealers out of Charming, which puts them at odds with the meth-distributing white supremacist Nordics (AKA Nords), headed by Ernest Darby. This earns them respect and admiration from the townspeople, who believe the Sons do more to protect their town than its own police. SAMCRO also has to deal with a rival, Oakland-based motorcycle club (MC), the Mayans led by Marcus Alvarez (played by Emilio Rivera, who also appeared in The Shield as Mexican drug dealer Navarro Quintero). Other groups in SAMCRO's orbit include the San Francisco–based Chinese mafia Lin Triad, led by Henry Lin; the Italian American Cacuzza crime family; the Russian mob led by Viktor Putlova; the Real IRA (aka RIRA) of Ireland, which supplies them with illegal Russian-made guns; the "One-Niners", an African American street gang (which also appeared on The Shield, thus possibly putting the two in the same fictional universe) to whom SAMCRO sell weapons; and various affiliates in the state prison system, where many members of the club have been incarcerated at one time or another. These gangs serve important roles in either being enemies of the clubs or soon to be partners with the MC to bring in more money.

text: SAMCRO properties[edit]

text: In the series premiere, the Mayans torch the facility the SAMCRO used for storing and assembling guns, forcing the club to buy land for and build another facility. The clubhouse, described above, includes a living area with multiple rooms (where members sometimes crash for the night), a fully operational bar, a pool table, a kitchen, a workout room, and the "chapel", a room with an elaborate redwood conference table that has a reaper logo carved into the top, where the patched members meet to discuss club business and vote on major decisions. The club owns a secluded cabin in the woods and a warehouse outside of town (which was bought from but is still maintained by club associate Elliot Oswald), where they have stored weapons and cocaine for the Galindo Cartel. The club also rents an old soda fountain/candy shop that is used as the clubhouse in seasons 6 and 7 after the Teller/Morrow clubhouse was destroyed in an explosion. They also spend time at Red Woody, the club's porn studio (run by Lyla), and Diosa and Diosa Norte, the club's two escort agencies.

text: Shakespearean influence[edit]

text: Sons of Anarchy has commonly been called "Hamlet on Harleys".[16] Similar to Hamlet, Jax's father was usurped by his father's SAMCRO "brother", who then married Jax's mother. There are also intermittent hints at an Oedipal complex between Jax and Gemma, reflecting 20th-century interpretations of the relationship between Hamlet and his mother Queen Gertrude. Jax's murder of the innocent Jury in season 7 mirrors Hamlet's murder of the innocent Polonius in that it ultimately leads to his downfall.

text: Sutter has said of the Shakespeare element, "I don't want to overplay that but it's there. It was Jax's father who started the club, so he's the ghost in the action. You wonder what he would have made of the way it turned out. It's not a version of Hamlet but it's definitely influenced by it."[17] Ron Perlman believed they were "going to stick to the structure of Hamlet all the way to the end (of the series)."[18]

text: Numerous episode titles refer to Hamlet including:

text:
Season 1, Episode 9, "Hell Followed". This refers to Act 1, Scene 4 of Hamlet in which Hamlet follows his father's ghost, unsure of whether he comes from hell.
Season 4, Episode 12, "Burnt and Purged Away". This quote is taken from Act I, Scene 5 of Hamlet, in which the ghost of Hamlet's father explains to Hamlet that he is doomed to suffer in Purgatory until he has paid for all of his sins.
Season 4, Episodes 13–14, "To Be, Act 1" and "To Be, Act 2". These refer to the famous To be, or not to be soliloquy.
Season 5, Episode 11, "To Thine Own Self". This quote references Polonius' advice to his son Laertes.
Season 7, Episode 9, "What a Piece of Work Is Man". This refers to Hamlet's What a piece of work is a man speech in Act II, Scene 2.
Season 7, Episode 11, "Suits of Woe". This is from Act 1, Scene 2, "I have that within which passeth show, these but the trappings and the suits of woe."

text: In the Season 1 premiere, Gemma is shown cleaning Jax's house, and he notes that she is always cleaning. This behavior, combined with her ambitions and (sometimes murderous) machinations, have prompted some reviewers and commentators to liken her to Lady Macbeth.[19][20]

text: SAMCRO hierarchy[edit]

text:
Season 1
Season 2
Season 3
Season 4
Season 5
Season 6
Season 7
After Season 7

President
Clarence "Clay" Morrow
Jackson "Jax" Teller
Filip "Chibs" Telford

Vice President
Jackson "Jax" Teller
Bobby "Elvis" Munson
Filip "Chibs" Telford
Alex "Tig" Trager

Sgt-at-Arms
Alex "Tig" Trager
Filip "Chibs" Telford
Happy Lowman

text: Production[edit]

text: Crew[edit]

text: The series was created by Kurt Sutter. Sutter was also the showrunner, the series' most prolific writer, and a regular director; he directed each season finale. Sutter had previously worked as an executive producer for the FX series The Shield. The Sons of Anarchy's' other executive producers are father and son team Art Linson and John Linson; Jim Parriott served as an executive producer and writer for the first season only.

text: Paris Barclay joined Sons of Anarchy as an executive producer in the fourth season, after directing episodes in the first and second season. In addition to serving as Executive Producer in the fourth, fifth, and sixth seasons, Barclay directed three episodes each season, including the season 4 and 5 premieres, the top two highest-rated telecasts in the history of FX.[5]

text: Jack LoGiudice served as a consulting producer and regular writer for the first season. He became co-executive producer for the second season, then left the series to work on The Walking Dead.

text: Dave Erickson also worked as a consulting producer for the first and second seasons, and then took over as co-executive producer for the third season. The series' other regular writers are supervising producer Chris Collins and co-producer Regina Corrado. Shawn Rutherford joined as consulting producer for seasons 6 and 7.

text: Sutter drew regular directors from The Shield including Stephen Kay, Gwyneth Horder-Payton, Guy Ferland, and Billy Gierhart.

text: Filming[edit]

text: Although Sons of Anarchy is set in Northern California's Central Valley (with some scenes in the Bay Area), it was filmed primarily at Occidental Studios Stage 5A in North Hollywood. Main sets located there included the clubhouse, St. Thomas Hospital, and Jax's house. The production rooms at the studio used by the writing staff doubled as the Charming police station. External scenes were often filmed nearby in Sun Valley, Acton, California, and Tujunga.[21] Interior and exterior scenes set in Northern Ireland during season 3 were also filmed at Occidental Studios and surrounding areas. A second unit shot footage in Northern Ireland used in the third season.[22]

text: Episodes[edit]

text:
Season
Episodes
Originally aired
Viewers
(in millions)

First aired
Last aired

1
13
September 3, 2008 (2008-09-03)
November 26, 2008 (2008-11-26)
2.21[23]

2
13
September 8, 2009 (2009-09-08)
December 1, 2009 (2009-12-01)
3.67[24]

3
13
September 7, 2010 (2010-09-07)
November 30, 2010 (2010-11-30)
N/A

4
14
September 6, 2011 (2011-09-06)
December 6, 2011 (2011-12-06)
5.45[25]

5
13
September 11, 2012 (2012-09-11)
December 4, 2012 (2012-12-04)
N/A

6
13
September 10, 2013 (2013-09-10)
December 10, 2013 (2013-12-10)
7.48[26]

7
13
September 9, 2014 (2014-09-09)
December 9, 2014 (2014-12-09)
4.60

text: Reception[edit]

text: Critical reception[edit]

text:
Metacritic ratings per season

Season 1
Season 2
Season 3
Season 4
Season 5
Season 6
Season 7

Rating
68[27]
86[28]
84[29]
81[30]
72[31]
74[32]
68[33]

text: Sons of Anarchy has received very favorable reviews over the course of its run, with many singling out Katey Sagal's performance. On the review aggregator website Metacritic, the first season scored 68/100, the second season scored 86/100, the third season scored 84/100, the fourth season scored 81/100, the fifth season scored 72/100 and the 6th season scored 74/100.[34][35][36][37]

text: In 2013, a collection of essays on the series was published.[38]

text: Season one[edit]

text: The first season received positive reviews from industry critics. It scored a 68 on Metacritic, indicating "generally favorable reviews" Matthew Gilbert of The Boston Globe said the first season had "real potential".[39] The New York Times' Gina Bellafante spoke highly of the cast's acting ability, particularly Sagal’s portrayal of Gemma. Brian Lowry of Variety gave a mixed review, admiring Sutter's creation of the club and the town of Charming but observing the early episodes lacked direction.[40]

text: Season two[edit]

text: The second season saw a substantial increase in positive reviews. Writing for Chicago Tribune, Maureen Ryan called the second season "engrossing". She elaborated that "the pacing is better [and] the plotting is tighter" and commends Sagal and Perlman for their performances.[41] Variety’s Stuart Levine stated that the new season was "compelling"; he also complimented the acting skill of Perlman, Sagal, Hunnam and Siff.[42] James Poniewozik of TIME called Sagal's performance "devastatingly powerful" and named the series on his list of Top 10 Shows of 2009.[43]

text: Season three[edit]

text: Some critics felt the third season was dragged down by the previous season's cliffhanger.[44][45] James Poniewozik of TIME called the season three premiere "breathtaking" and praised Sagal’s performance with Holbrook.[46] He later stated that Abel's disappearance helped return the show to its central problem: Jax's allegiance to the club.[47] Entertainment Weekly’s Ken Tucker agreed that Holbrook and Sagal’s scenes were "beautiful". He also commented that the series handled themes of loyalty and family especially well.[48] Maureen Ryan commented that the third season divided critics and fans alike, suggesting the expanded Belfast cast made it harder for the audience to invest in the characters' journeys.[49] Ryan later questioned the credibility of Hector Salazar's story, noting that he was inferior to other villainous characters such as Stahl, Zobelle and Weston. However, she praised Ally Walker's performance, comparing her character to The Shield's Vic Mackey.[50] Critic Alan Sepinwall said the season was "interesting but uneven", noting that the plot gained traction in later episodes.[51][52] Tim Goodman of The Hollywood Reporter said "Sutter should be applauded for shaking things up", calling the slower pace a "creative necessity".[53]

text: Season four[edit]

text: Alan Sepinwall stated that the fourth season risked predictability by returning to a successful formula of storytelling, but he nonetheless preferred those episodes to those of season three.[54] Maureen Ryan reviewed the fourth season positively. She praised the addition of Lincoln Potter (played by Ray McKinnon), comparing the character's quality to that of Breaking Bad's antagonist, Gustavo Fring.[55] The A.V. Club called the fourth season more "focused" and "operatic". A.V. Club reviewer Zack Handlen was fond of the season but felt disappointed with the finale, saying it featured a "lousy case of dictated convenience, of an arbitrary and unbelievable reveal used to shift characters around to where the writers want them to be for next season, as opposed to where they might land organically." However, the review did praise Charlie Hunnam's performance in the finale.[56][57] TIME said the fourth season was the strongest since season two, but the show needed to end sooner rather than later. TIME also agreed that the finale's contrivances were sometimes too visible, stating "it's the principle: you can only turn up alive at your own funeral so many times before it starts to lose its impact."[58]

text: Season five[edit]

text: Season five received favorable reviews and has a rating of 72 on the review aggregator site Metacritic.[59] Ken Tucker of Entertainment Weekly praised the series by calling it a "richly detailed portrait of self-righteous villainy". The series had a rating of 8.6/10 on the review site IMDB.

text: Season six[edit]

text: Season six received generally favorable reviews and scored a 74 out of 100 on Metacritic.

text: Season seven[edit]

text: Season seven received generally favorable reviews and scored a 68 out of 100 on Metacritic.

text: Ratings[edit]

text: The seventh season's premiere on September 9, 2014 received the highest ratings in the series' history. The episode was watched by 6.20 million viewers.

text:
Season
Timeslot (ET)
Episodes
Premiered
Ended
Average viewers
(in millions)

Date
Premiere viewers
(in millions)
Date
Finale viewers
(in millions)

Season 1
Wednesday 10:00 pm
13
September 3, 2008

November 26, 2008
2.21[60]
2.2[61]

Season 2
Tuesday 10:00 pm
13
September 8, 2009
4.29[62]
December 1, 2009
4.33[62]

Season 3
13
September 7, 2010
4.13[62]
November 30, 2010
3.6[63]
3.23[64]

Season 4
14
September 6, 2011
4.94[65]
December 6, 2011
4.24[66]

Season 5
13
September 11, 2012
5.37[67]
December 4, 2012
4.66[68]
4.40[69]

Season 6
13
September 10, 2013
5.87[67]
December 10, 2013
5.17[70]
4.60[71]

Season 7
13
September 9, 2014
6.20
December 9, 2014
6.40[72]
4.45

text: Awards and nominations[edit]

text: Sons of Anarchy was nominated for Outstanding Achievement in Drama at the 2010 TCA Awards.[73] Katey Sagal received the Golden Globe Award for Best Actress – Television Series (Drama) at the 68th Golden Globe Awards for her role in the third season.[73] She also received a nomination for a 2010 Satellite Award in the category of Best Actress – Television Series (Drama), as well as a TCA nomination for the Individual Achievement in Drama.[73] Sons of Anarchy (Season 5) received a Screen Crush Award for having the best TV series in 2012. Also in 2012, Paris Barclay was nominated for an NAACP Image Award for Outstanding Direction in a Drama Series for his direction of the Season 4 Premiere "Out". In 2013, Rockmond Dunbar won an NAACP Image Award for Outstanding Supporting Actor in a Drama Series for his portrayal of Sheriff Eli Roosevelt. For the 5th Critics' Choice Television Awards, Charlie Hunnam received a nomination for Best Actor in a Drama Series and Walton Goggins received a nomination for Best Guest Performer in a Drama Series for the seventh season.[74]

text: Music[edit]

text: Soundtracks[edit]

text: Three EP soundtracks have been released by 20th Century Fox Records, on iTunes, featuring songs from each series. The first five-song EP, entitled Sons of Anarchy: North Country – EP, was released on September 8, 2009 and featured the full version of the Emmy Award nominated[75] theme song "This Life".[76] A second five-song EP, entitled Sons of Anarchy: Shelter – EP, was released on November 24, 2009 while a third six-song EP, entitled Sons of Anarchy: The King is Gone - EP, was released on November 23, 2010.

text: In November 2011, selected highlights from the EPs and new tracks were released in Songs of Anarchy: Music from Sons of Anarchy Seasons 1–4, followed up by Sons of Anarchy: Songs of Anarchy Vol. 2 released in November 2012, Sons of Anarchy: Songs of Anarchy Vol. 3 released in December 2013, and Sons of Anarchy: Songs of Anarchy Vol. 4 released in February 2015.

text:
[show]Sons of Anarchy: North Country – EP

No.
Title
Writer(s)
Artist
Length

1.
"This Life"
Curtis Stigers, Dave Kushner, Bob Thiele Jr., Kurt Sutter
Curtis Stigers & The Forest Rangers
2:22

2.
"Slip Kid"
Pete Townshend
Anvil and Franky Perez
3:49

3.
"John the Revelator"
Traditional
Curtis Stigers & The Forest Rangers
5:34

4.
"Forever Young"
Bob Dylan
Audra Mae & The Forest Rangers
3:13

5.
"Girl from the North Country"
Dylan
Lions
4:11

text:
[show]Sons of Anarchy: Shelter – EP

No.
Title
Writer(s)
Artist
Length

1.
"Ruby Tuesday"
Jagger/Richards
Katey Sagal
3:23

2.
"Fortunate Son"
John Fogerty
Lyle Workman & The Forest Rangers
3:26

3.
"Someday Never Comes"
Fogerty
Billy Valentine & The Forest Rangers
4:06

4.
"Burn This Town"
Matt Drenik
Battleme
3:13

5.
"Gimme Shelter"
Jagger/Richards
Paul Brady & The Forest Rangers
4:53

text:
[show]Sons of Anarchy: The King is Gone - EP

No.
Title
Writer(s)
Artist
Length

1.
"No Milk Today"
Graham Gouldman
Joshua James & The Forest Rangers
4:01

2.
"Bird on the Wire"
Leonard Cohen
Katey Sagal & The Forest Rangers
5:05

3.
"Travelin' Band"
Fogerty
Curtis Stigers & The Forest Rangers
2:18

4.
"Miles Away"
Paul Taylor
The Forest Rangers feat. Battleme & Slash
4:49

5.
"Hey Hey, My My"
Neil Young, Jeff Blackburn
Battleme
2:52

6.
"This Life" (Celtic Remix)
Stigers, Kushner, Thiele Jr., Sutter
Curtis Stigers & The Forest Rangers
0:39

text: Other media[edit]

text: Comic book[edit]

text: In 2013, Boom! Studios began publishing a Sons of Anarchy comic book. As of September 2015, 25 issues have been published.[77] Issue 25 is the final issue. A new comic book prequel, Sons of Anarchy: Redwood Original, was released on August 3, 2016.

text: Novel series[edit]

text: Sons of Anarchy: Bratva, the first in a planned series of SOA novels to be written by Christopher Golden, was published in 2014.[78]

text: Potential prequel[edit]

text: A prequel series, detailing the origin of the club, is planned. Sutter stated in an August 2014 interview that the prequel would focus on the "First 9" members of the club and be set around the time of the Vietnam War. He added that the prequel would likely consist of a miniseries or "maybe 10 episodes or two 8 episodes seasons". At the conclusion of the prequel, Sutter plans to release John Teller's manuscript, titled The Life and Death of SAMCRO.[79]

text: Sons of Anarchy: The Prospect[edit]

text: Sons of Anarchy: The Prospect was an episodic adventure video game developed by Silverback Games and published by Orpheus Interactive.[80][81] The game was originally slated to have ten episodes and to be released on Microsoft Windows, OS X, iOS, and Android.[82] The first episode was released on February 1, 2015 for iOS only, and was met with mixed reviews.[83] but has not seen an update since, and, although a season pass is being offered, no further episode was ever released.[84] On April 7, 2016, refunds were issued to everyone who purchased the game or the season pass, and the game had been removed from the App Store.[81]

text: Despite the apparent cancellation and refunds, the game's publisher has not officially said anything about the development state of the nine unreleased episodes. Silverback Games has distanced themselves from the project, claiming to be "just a consultant" and having no knowledge of the state of the game or of Orpheus Interactive.[85]

text: A Sons of Anarchy game was originally planned to be developed by a studio of Rockstar Games for PC and console platforms,[86] but was canceled shortly after in 2012.[87] Another video game based on Sons of Anarchy was announced in February 2014,[88] confirmed for mobile platforms in August,[89] and the name Sons of Anarchy: The Prospect revealed in December of that year.[90] The game was set to have never-before seen graphics for mobile devices,[91] but failed to deliver those when the first episode was launched on February 1, 2015.[92]

text: Spin-off[edit]

text: As of May 11, 2016, a spin-off series is in the works titled Mayans MC.[93] The pilot will begin shooting in March, directed by Sutter from a script he co-wrote with Elgin James.[94] On February 13, 2017, Edward James Olmos will star as Felipe Reyes, the once strong Mexican patriarch and EZ’s father.[95] On January 5, 2018, FX picked up the series with an order of 10 episodes which is set to premiere sometime in 2018.[96]

text: Broadcast[edit]

text: This section needs additional citations for verification. Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. (September 2017) (Learn how and when to remove this template message)

text: Sons of Anarchy premiered in Australia on the Showcase in 2009 while in New Zealand it appeared on TV3 on October 20, 2010 and it has been announced it is moving to the Box. The show premiered in the UK on 5 USA in 2009, before being dropped after the sixth season. The show will air in its entirety on Spike from April 2015.[97] In the Republic of Ireland, the show aired on RTÉ Two from 2009. It premiered in Canada on Super Channel October 20, 2008. In India, season 6 is airing from September 26, 2013, only on Star World Premiere.


document_title: Pretty in Pink

question_text: who plays the dad in pretty in pink

question_tokens: who plays the dad in pretty in pink

root

text: Pretty in Pink

text: Plot[edit]

text: High school senior Andie Walsh lives modestly with her underemployed working class father, Jack in the suburbs of Chicago. Andie's best friend, Phil "Duckie" Dale, is in love with her, but is afraid to tell her how he truly feels. In school, Duckie and Andie, along with their friends, are harassed and bullied by the arrogant "richie" kids, specifically Benny Hanson and her boyfriend Steff McKee, who is secretly interested in Andie.

tag: p

text: While working after school at TRAX, a new wave record store, Andie starts talking about her school's senior prom to her manager Iona, who advises Andie to go, despite not having a date. Blane McDonough, one of the preppy boys and Steff's best friend, starts talking to Andie and eventually asks her out.

text: On the night of the date, Andie waits for Blane at TRAX, but he is late. Duckie comes in and asks Andie to go out with him, but she ignores him. Feeling like she got stood up, Iona gives Andie a pep talk, while Duckie, still oblivious, asks what's wrong. When Blane arrives, Duckie is upset and starts an argument with Andie, with Duckie trying to convince her that Blane will only hurt her. Duckie storms off and Andie goes on with her date. Blane suggests going to a house party Steff is throwing, but Andie is treated poorly by everyone, including a drunk Steff and Benny. Andie, in turn, suggests going to the local club, where they discover Iona sitting with Duckie, who is hostile towards Blane. After another argument with Duckie, Andie and Blane walk out of the club. Andie, feeling that their night didn't go so well, tells Blane that she wants to go home, but when Blane offers to take her home, she refuses, admitting that she doesn't want him to see where she lives. She eventually allows him to drop her off and he asks her to the prom, which she accepts and they share their first kiss. Andie visits Iona at her apartment the next day to talk about the date. Meanwhile, Blane, pressured by Steff, begins distancing himself from Andie.

text: Jack comes home one night and surprises Andie with a pink dress he bought for her. Questioning how he was able to afford it, Andie tells him that she knows he has been lying about going to a full-time job. They have a big argument until Jack breaks down, revealing that he is still bitter and depressed about his wife having left him. At school, Andie confronts Blane for avoiding her and not returning her calls. When asked about prom, he claims that he had already asked somebody else but had forgotten. Andie starts calling Blane a liar and tells him that he is ashamed of being seen with her. Andie runs away as a teary-eyed Blane leaves, with Steff criticizing Andie. Duckie overhears Steff and attacks him in the hallway. The two fight before teachers intervene. Andie goes to Iona, crying and telling her about what happened, and then asks for Iona's old prom dress.

text: Using the fabric from Iona's dress and the dress her father bought, Andie creates a new pink prom dress. When she arrives at the prom, Andie has second thoughts about braving the crowd on her own until she sees Duckie. They reconcile and walk into the ballroom hand in hand. As a drunk Steff begins mocking the couple, Blane confronts him and finally realizes that Steff resents Andie because she had turned down his advances. Blane then approaches the two, shaking Duckie's hand and then apologizing to Andie, telling her that he always believed in her and that he will always love her, kissing her cheek before walking out. Duckie concedes that Blane is not like the other rich kids at school and advises Andie to go after him, joking that he'll never take her to another prom if she doesn't. Duckie then sees a girl smiling at him, signaling him to come over and dance with her. Andie catches up with Blane in the parking lot and they kiss passionately.

text: Cast[edit]

text:
Molly Ringwald as Andie Walsh
Harry Dean Stanton as Jack Walsh
Jon Cryer as Philip F. "Duckie" Dale
Annie Potts as Iona
James Spader as Steff McKee
Andrew McCarthy as Blane McDonough
Kate Vernon as Benny Hanson
Andrew Dice Clay as Bouncer
Kristy Swanson as Duckette
Alexa Kenin as Jena Hoeman
Dweezil Zappa as Simon
Gina Gershon as Trombley

tag: ul

text: Charlie Sheen was originally considered for the role of Blane, but Ringwald convinced the filmmakers to cast McCarthy for the role instead.[7]

text: Alternate ending[edit]

text: Originally, the film portrayed Andie and Duckie ending up together;[8] however, test audiences disapproved,[9] and the Andie/Blane ending was produced instead. Orchestral Manoeuvres in the Dark had selected "Goddess of Love" from the album The Pacific Age for the original ending. With only two days before going on tour, OMD wrote "If You Leave" in less than 24 hours for the newly re-shot Andie/Blane ending.[10]

text: Novel[edit]

text: The film was adapted into a novel, written by H. B. Gilmour and Randi Reisfield and released in 1986. It was published by Bantam Books (ISBN 0-553-25944-X. ISBN 978-0553259445). The book was written before the last scene was changed, so it has the original ending, in which Andie winds up with Duckie instead of Blane.

text: Release[edit]

text: The film was the top-grossing film for the week of March 12, 1986.[11] The film earned US$6.1 million during its opening weekend and $40.5 million during its theatrical run. It was the 22nd highest-grossing film in 1986.[12]

text: Reception[edit]

text: Rotten Tomatoes, a review aggregator, reports that 78% of 46 surveyed critics gave the film a positive review; the average rating is 6.3/10. The site's consensus reads: "Molly Ringwald gives an outstanding performance in this sweet, intelligent teen comedy that takes an ancient premise and injects it with insight and wit."[13]

text: Legacy[edit]

text: The main cast of Pretty in Pink was featured in the October 15, 2010 issue of Entertainment Weekly, whose theme was cast reunions for landmark films and television shows.[14]

text: Soundtrack[edit]

text:
Pretty in Pink

Soundtrack album by various artists

Released
February 28, 1986

Genre
Post-punk, new wave

Length
39:35

Label
A&M

Producer
David Anderle (soundtrack executive producer)

Singles from Pretty in Pink

"If You Leave"
Released: April 21, 1986
"Left of Center"
Released: 1986
"Shellshock"
Released: 17 March 1986

tag: table

text: Like previous films by John Hughes, Pretty in Pink featured a soundtrack composed mostly of new wave music. While director Howard Deutch originally intended the film to primarily contain theme music, Hughes influenced Deutch's decision to use post-punk music throughout the film. The title song by the Psychedelic Furs acted as a bit of inspiration for the film and was re-recorded specifically for the film's opening sequence in a version that was less raw than the original; it was released in 1981 for the album Talk Talk Talk. "Left of Center" was remixed by Arthur Baker. The first track, "If You Leave", by Orchestral Manoeuvres in the Dark, was written in 1985 in advance specifically for the film. In addition to their song "Shellshock", New Order also had an instrumental version of "Thieves Like Us" and the instrumental "Elegia" appear in the film but not on the soundtrack. The Rave-Ups, who do appear in the film performing "Positively Lost Me" and "Shut-Up" from their Town and Country album, do not have any songs on the soundtrack album. Nik Kershaw's "Wouldn't It Be Good" appears as re-recorded by former Three Dog Night vocalist Danny Hutton's band, Danny Hutton Hitters. Also noteworthy is the inclusion of Echo & the Bunnymen's "Bring On the Dancing Horses", which, according to the liner notes of the CD release of the band's compilation album Songs to Learn & Sing, was recorded specifically for the film.

text: The film also includes Otis Redding's "Try a Little Tenderness", which actor Jon Cryer's character "Duckie" lipsyncs to in the film, The Association's "Cherish", and Talk Back's "Rudy". These three tracks do not appear on the official soundtrack.

text: The soundtrack was released on vinyl in 1986. It was re-released in 2013 as a limited edition pink colored vinyl.

text: The album was listed among "Best Movie Soundtracks: The 15 Film Music Compilations That'll Change Your Life" in The Huffington Post,[5] and "The 25 Greatest Soundtracks of All Time" in Rolling Stone.[6] Allmusic rated it four stars out of five.[15]

text:
No.
Title
Writer(s)
Performer(s)
Length

1.
"If You Leave"
Andy McCluskey, Paul Humphreys, Martin Cooper
Orchestral Manoeuvres in the Dark
4:25

2.
"Left of Center"
Suzanne Vega/Steve Addabbo
Suzanne Vega with Joe Jackson
3:33

3.
"Get to Know Ya"
Johnson
Jesse Johnson
3:34

4.
"Do Wot You Do"
Andrew Farriss, Michael Hutchence
INXS
3:16

5.
"Pretty in Pink"
John Ashton, Tim Butler, Richard Butler, Vince Ely, Duncan Kilburn, Roger Morris
The Psychedelic Furs
4:40

6.
"Shellshock"
New Order, John Robie
New Order
6:04

7.
"Round, Round"
Belouis Some
Belouis Some
4:07

8.
"Wouldn't It Be Good"
Nik Kershaw
Danny Hutton Hitters
3:44

9.
"Bring On the Dancing Horses"
Will Sergeant, Ian McCulloch, Les Pattinson, Pete de Freitas
Echo & the Bunnymen
3:59

10.
"Please, Please, Please, Let Me Get What I Want"
Johnny Marr, Morrissey
The Smiths
1:51

Total length:
39:35

text: Singles released[edit]

text:
Year
Title
Artist
Chart positions

US Hot 100
US D/P
US D/S
AUS
CA
IE
NZ
UK

1985
"Bring On the Dancing Horses"

Released: November 1985

Echo & the Bunnymen
–
–
–
78
–
15
31
21

1986
"Shellshock"

Released: March 1986

New Order
–
14
26
23
–
18
8
28

"If You Leave"

Released: April 28, 1986 (1986-04-28)

Orchestral Manoeuvres in the Dark
4
–
31
15
5
–
5
48

"Left of Center"

Released: June 1986

Suzanne Vega and Joe Jackson
–
–
–
35
–
28
–
32

"Pretty in Pink"

Released: October 1986

The Psychedelic Furs
41
–
–
–
61
–
–
18

"Round, Round"
Belouis Some
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–


document_title: 66th Academy Awards

question_text: who won an oscar for schindler's list

question_tokens: who won an oscar for schindler 's list

text: 66th Academy Awards

text: Winners and nominees[edit]

text: The nominees for the 66th Academy Awards were announced on February 9, 1994, at the Samuel Goldwyn Theater in Beverly Hills, California, by Academy president Arthur Hiller, and actress Christine Lahti.[7] Schindler's List led all nominees with twelve nominations; The Piano and The Remains of the Day tied for second with eight.[8][9]

text: The winners were announced during the awards ceremony on March 21, 1994. Best Director nominee Jane Campion was the second woman to be nominated in that category.[10] Holly Hunter and Emma Thompson's nominations in both lead and supporting acting categories marked the first occurrence that two performers earned double acting nominations in the same year.[11] Best Supporting Actress winner Anna Paquin, at age 11, became the second youngest winner of a competitive acting Oscar, behind Tatum O'Neal, who won at age 10 for Paper Moon.[12]

text: Awards[edit]

text: Winners are listed first, highlighted in boldface, and indicated with a double-dagger ().[13]

text:
Best Picture

Schindler's List – Steven Spielberg, Gerald R. Molen, and Branko Lustig, producers

The Fugitive – Arnold Kopelson, producer
In the Name of the Father – Jim Sheridan, producer
The Piano – Jan Chapman, producer
The Remains of the Day – John Calley, Mike Nichols, and Ismail Merchant, producers

Best Director

Steven Spielberg – Schindler's List

Jim Sheridan – In the Name of the Father
Jane Campion – The Piano
James Ivory – The Remains of the Day
Robert Altman – Short Cuts

Best Actor

Tom Hanks – Philadelphia as Andrew Beckett

Daniel Day-Lewis – In the Name of the Father as Gerry Conlon
Laurence Fishburne – What's Love Got to Do with It as Ike Turner
Anthony Hopkins – The Remains of the Day as James Stevens
Liam Neeson – Schindler's List as Oskar Schindler

Best Actress

Holly Hunter – The Piano as Ada McGrath

Angela Bassett – What's Love Got to Do with It as Tina Turner
Stockard Channing – Six Degrees of Separation as Ouisa Kittredge
Emma Thompson – The Remains of the Day as Sarah "Sally" Kenton
Debra Winger – Shadowlands as Joy Davidman

Best Supporting Actor

Tommy Lee Jones – The Fugitive as U.S. Marshal Samuel Gerard

Leonardo DiCaprio – What's Eating Gilbert Grape as Arnie Grape
Ralph Fiennes – Schindler's List as Amon Goeth
John Malkovich – In the Line of Fire as Mitch Leary
Pete Postlethwaite – In the Name of the Father as Giuseppe Conlon

Best Supporting Actress

Anna Paquin – The Piano as Flora McGrath

Holly Hunter – The Firm as Tamara "Tammy" Hemphill
Rosie Perez – Fearless as Carla Rodrigo
Winona Ryder – The Age of Innocence as May Welland
Emma Thompson – In the Name of the Father as Gareth Peirce

Best Screenplay Written Directly for the Screen

The Piano – Jane Campion

Dave – Gary Ross
In the Line of Fire – Jeff Maguire
Philadelphia – Ron Nyswaner
Sleepless in Seattle – Nora Ephron, David S. Ward, and Jeff Arch

Best Screenplay Based on Material Previously Produced or Published

Schindler's List – Steven Zaillian based on the non-fiction book by Thomas Keneally

The Age of Innocence – Martin Scorsese and Jay Cocks based on the novel by Edith Wharton
In the Name of the Father – Jim Sheridan and Terry George based on the autobiographical book Proved Innocent by Gerry Conlon
The Remains of the Day – Ruth Prawer Jhabvala based on the novel by Kazuo Ishiguro
Shadowlands – William Nicholson based on his play

Best Foreign Language Film

Belle Epoque (Spain) in Spanish – Fernando Trueba, director

Farewell My Concubine (Hong Kong) in Mandarin Chinese – Chen Kaige, director
Hedd Wyn (United Kingdom) in Welsh  – Paul Turner, director
The Scent of Green Papaya (Vietnam) in Vietnamese  – Anh Hung Tran, director
The Wedding Banquet (Taiwan) in Mandarin Chinese – Ang Lee, director

Best Documentary Feature

I Am a Promise: The Children of Stanton Elementary School – Susan Raymond and Alan Raymond

The Broadcast Tapes of Dr. Peter – David Paperny and Arthur Ginsberg
Children of Fate – Susan Todd and Andrew Young
For Better or for Worse – David Collier and Betsy Thompson
The War Room – D. A. Pennebaker and Chris Hegedus

Best Documentary Short Subject

Defending Our Lives – Margaret Lazarus and Renner Wunderlich

Blood Ties: The Life and Work of Sally Mann – Steven Cantor and Peter Spirer
Chicks in White Satin – Elaine Holliman and Jason Schneider

Best Live Action Short Film

Schwarzfahrer – Pepe Danquart

Down on the Waterfront – Stacy Title and Jonathan Penner
The Dutch Master – Susan Seidelman and Jonathan Brett
Partners – Peter Weller and Jana Sue Memel
The Screw (La Vis) – Didier Flamand

Best Animated Short Film

The Wrong Trousers – Nick Park

Blindscape – Stephen Palmer
The Mighty River – Frédéric Back and Hubert Tison
Small Talk – Bob Godfrey and Kevin Baldwin
The Village – Mark Baker

Best Original Score

Schindler's List – John Williams

The Age of Innocence – Elmer Bernstein
The Firm – Dave Grusin
The Fugitive – James Newton Howard
The Remains of the Day – Richard Robbins

Best Original Song

"Streets of Philadelphia" from Philadelphia – Music and Lyrics by Bruce Springsteen

"Again" from Poetic Justice – Music and Lyrics by Janet Jackson, James Harris III and Terry Lewis
"The Day I Fall in Love" from Beethoven's 2nd – Music and Lyrics by Carole Bayer Sager, James Ingram, and Clif Magness
"Philadelphia" from Philadelphia – Music and Lyrics by Neil Young
"A Wink and a Smile" from Sleepless in Seattle – Music by Marc Shaiman; Lyrics by Ramsey McLean

Best Sound

Jurassic Park – Gary Rydstrom, Gary Summers, Ron Judkins, and Shawn Murphy

Cliffhanger – Michael Minkler, Bob Beemer, and Tim Cooney
The Fugitive – Donald O. Mitchell, Michael Herbick, Frank A. Montaño, and Scott D. Smith
Geronimo: An American Legend – Chris Carpenter, Doug Hemphill, Bill W. Benton, and Lee Orloff
Schindler's List – Andy Nelson, Steve Pederson, Scott Millan, and Ron Judkins

Best Sound Effects Editing

Jurassic Park – Gary Rydstrom and Richard Hymns

Cliffhanger – Wylie Stateman and Gregg Baxter
The Fugitive – John Leveque and Bruce Stambler

Best Art Direction

Schindler's List – Art Direction: Allan Starski; Set Decoration: Ewa Braun

Addams Family Values – Art Direction: Ken Adam; Set Decoration: Marvin March
The Age of Innocence – Art Direction: Dante Ferretti; Set Decoration: Robert J. Franco
Orlando – Art Direction: Ben Van Os; Set Decoration: Jan Roelfs
The Remains of the Day – Art Direction: Luciana Arrighi; Set Decoration: Ian Whittaker

Best Makeup

Mrs. Doubtfire – Greg Cannom, Ve Neill, and Yolanda Toussieng

Philadelphia – Carl Fullerton and Alan D'Angerio
Schindler's List – Christina Smith, Matthew Mungle, and Judy Alexander Cory

Best Costume Design

The Age of Innocence – Gabriella Pescucci

Orlando – Sandy Powell
The Piano – Janet Patterson
The Remains of the Day – Jenny Beavan and John Bright
Schindler's List – Anna Biedrzycka Sheppard

Best Cinematography

Schindler's List – Janusz Kamiński

Farewell My Concubine – Gu Changwei
The Fugitive – Michael Chapman
The Piano – Stuart Dryburgh
Searching for Bobby Fischer – Conrad L. Hall

Best Film Editing

Schindler's List – Michael Kahn

The Fugitive – Dennis Virkler, David Finfer, Dean Goodhill, Don Brochu, Richard Nord, and Dov Hoenig
In the Name of the Father – Gerry Hambling
In the Line of Fire – Anne Coates
The Piano – Veronika Jenet

Best Visual Effects

Jurassic Park – Stan Winston, Dennis Muren, Phil Tippett, and Michael Lantieri

Cliffhanger – Neil Krepela, John Richardson, John Bruno, and Pamela Easley
The Nightmare Before Christmas – Pete Kozachik, Eric Leighton, Ariel Velasco Shaw, and Gordon Baker

text: Academy Honorary Award[edit]

text: Deborah Kerr[14]

text: Jean Hersholt Humanitarian Award[edit]

text: Paul Newman[15]

text: Films with multiple nominations and awards[edit]

text:
The following 16 films had multiple nominations:

Nominations
Film

12

Schindler's List

8
The Piano

The Remains of the Day

7
The Fugitive

In the Name of the Father

5
The Age of Innocence

Philadelphia

3
Cliffhanger

In the Line of Fire

Jurassic Park

2
Farewell My Concubine

The Firm

Orlando

Shadowlands

Sleepless in Seattle

What's Love Got to Do with It

The following four films received multiple awards:

Awards
Film

7

Schindler's List

3
Jurassic Park

The Piano

2

Philadelphia

text: Presenters and performers[edit]

text: The following individuals, listed in order of appearance, presented awards or performed musical numbers:[16][17]

text: Presenters[edit]

text:
Name(s)
Role

Marshak, LesLes Marshak
Announcer for the 66th annual Academy Awards

Hiller, ArthurArthur Hiller (AMPAS president)
Gave opening remarks welcoming guests to the awards ceremony

Hanks, TomTom Hanks
Presenter of the award for Best Art Direction

Wood, ElijahElijah Wood
Presenter of the award for Best Visual Effects

Bridges, JeffJeff Bridges
Presenter of the film The Fugitive on the Best Picture segment

Tomei, MarisaMarisa Tomei
Presenter of the award for Best Supporting Actor

Chen, JoanJoan Chen
Val Kilmer
Presenters of the award for Best Makeup

Neeson, LiamLiam Neeson
Presenter of the award for Best Sound Effects Editing

Close, GlennGlenn Close
Presenter of the Honorary Academy Award to Deborah Kerr

O'Donnell, RosieRosie O'Donnell
Presenters of the awards for Best Animated Short Film and Best Live Action Short Film

Dreyfuss, RichardRichard Dreyfuss
Presenter of the film Schindler's List on the Best Picture segment

Cage, NicolasNicolas Cage
Shirley MacLaine
Presenters of the award for Best Sound

Hackman, GeneGene Hackman
Presenter of the award for Best Supporting Actress

Dern, LauraLaura Dern
Presenter of the segment of the Academy Awards for Technical Achievement and Gordon E. Sawyer Award

Depp, JohnnyJohnny Depp
Introducer of the performance of Best Song nominee "Philadelphia"

Baldwin, AlecAlec Baldwin
Presenter of the film The Remains of the Day on the Best Picture segment

Stone, SharonSharon Stone
Presenter of the award Best Costume Design

Kidman, NicoleNicole Kidman
Christian Slater
Presenters of the awards for Best Documentary Short Subject and Best Documentary Feature

Hawn, GoldieGoldie Hawn
Introducer of the special dance number to the tune of the Best Original Score nominees
Presenter of the award for Best Original Score

Valenti, JackJack Valenti
Presenter of the "Film cinematography" montage
Introducer of presenter Kirk Douglas

Douglas, KirkKirk Douglas
Presenter of the award for Best Cinematography

Stowe, MadeleineMadeleine Stowe
Presenter of the film The Piano on the Best Picture segment

Cruise, TomTom Cruise
Presenter of the Jean Hersholt Humanitarian Award to Paul Newman

Hopkins, AnthonyAnthony Hopkins
Presenter of the award for Best Foreign Language Film

Davis, GeenaGeena Davis
Presenter of the award for Best Film Editing

Banderas, AntonioAntonio Banderas
Introducer of the performance of Best Song nominee "Streets of Philadelphia"

Houston, WhitneyWhitney Houston
Presenter of the award for Best Original Song

Irons, JeremyJeremy Irons
Presenters of the awards for Best Original Screenplay and Best Adapted Screenplay

Close, GlennGlenn Close
Presenter of the In Memoriam tribute

Thompson, EmmaEmma Thompson
Presenter of the award for Best Actor

Sutherland, DonaldDonald Sutherland
Presenter of the film In the Name of the Father on the Best Picture segment

Pacino, AlAl Pacino
Presenter of the award for Best Actress

Eastwood, ClintClint Eastwood
Presenter of the award for Best Director

Ford, HarrisonHarrison Ford
Presenter of the award for Best Picture

text: Performers[edit]

text:
Name(s)
Role
Performed

Conti, BillBill Conti
Musical arranger
Orchestral

Peters, BernadetteBernadette Peters
Performer
"Putting It Together" from Sunday in the Park with George during the opening number

Jackson, JanetJanet Jackson
Performer
"Again" from Poetic Justice

Young, NeilNeil Young
Performer
"Philadelphia" from Philadelphia

Ingram, JamesJames Ingram
Dolly Parton
Performers
"The Day I Fall in Love" from Beethoven's 2nd

Les Ballets Africains, Les Ballets Africains
National Ballet of Canada
Central Ballet of China
Cuban National Ballet
Dance Theatre of Harlem
Garth Fagan Dance Inc.
Paris Opera Ballet
Shanghai Ballet Troupe[18]
Performers
Performed dance number synchronized with selections from Best Original Score nominees

Carradine, KeithKeith Carradine
Performer
"A Wink and a Smile" from Sleepless in Seattle

Springsteen, BruceBruce Springsteen
Performer
"Streets of Philadelphia" from Philadelphia

text: Ceremony information[edit]

text: Due the negative reception received from the preceding year's ceremony, actor Billy Crystal announced that after overseeing four consecutive Oscar ceremonies, he would not be hosting the 1994 telecast.[19] In a statement released by his publicist, he stated, "After three Grammys, four Oscars and six Comic Reliefs, I'm going to take a break from my hosting duties. I always felt honored to host the show and did my best to carry on the tradition of Bob Hope and Johnny Carson. I hope the new host has as good a time as I did."[20] With Crystal absent to host the Oscars, many media outlets wondered whom producer Gil Cates would hire to emcee the program. Film columnist Jack Matthews suggested that actor Tom Hanks, who would eventually win Best Actor for Philadelphia, should host the show writing that he "has charm, dignity, wit, intelligence and, it's worth mentioning, he's a movie star!"[21] Cates also offered the role to performers Steve Martin, Bette Midler, and Johnny Carson, but they all turned down the opportunity.[21]

text: After several days of speculation, Cates announced that he hired Oscar-winning actress and comedian Whoopi Goldberg to host the festivities for the first time.[22] By virtue of her selection, Goldberg became both the first African American to host as well as the first woman to host the telecast solo.[23] In an interview with the Los Angeles Times, Cates explained the decision to hire her saying, "She is a highly recognizable star who has millions of fans."[24] He also addressed the media's concerns regarding Goldberg's raunchy and outspoken humor stating, "Some people may think she's potentially dangerous, and she says things that come to her mind. It's going to be exciting for me. The main thing is she wants to do it and she's smart. Whatever she says will be appropriate."[25] Goldberg expressed that she was thrilled to be selected to emcee the 1994 ceremony commenting, "To go from watching to winning to hosting in one lifetime is major."[26]

text: As with previous ceremonies he produced, Cates centered the show around a theme. This year, he christened the show with the theme "People Behind the Camera" commenting that "It will be a salute to those unseen men and women who make what we see on the screen, the artist and craftspeople responsible for the magic of the movies."[27] In tandem with the theme, the ceremony's opening number featured a montage produced by Chuck Workman saluting the many individuals such as directors, editors, and composers who are involved in moviemaking. During that segment, singer Bernadette Peters performing a modified version of Stephen Sondheim's song "Putting It Together" from his musical Sunday in the Park with George.[28] Filmmaker and editor Carol A. Streit assembled another montage featuring a salute to the work of cinematographers and their contributions to film.[29]

text: Several other people and elements were also involved with the production of the ceremony. Production designer Roy Christopher designed a new stage for the ceremony which prominently featured five giant Oscar statues each flanked inside metal cones that were illuminated recurrently throughout the show.[30] Film composer and musician Bill Conti served as musical director of the ceremony.[31] Dancer Debbie Allen choreographed a dancer number showcasing the Best Original Score nominees featuring eight prestigious ballet and dance troupes from around the world.[18]

text: Box office performance of nominees[edit]

text: At the time of the nominations announcement on February 9, the combined gross of the five Best Picture nominees at the US box office was $261 million, with an average of $52.2 million per film.[32] The Fugitive was the highest earner among the Best Picture nominees with $179 million in domestic box office receipts.[32] The film was followed by Schindler's List ($29.6 million), The Piano ($25.7 million), The Remains of the Day ($19.5 million), and finally In the Name of the Father ($6.5 million).[32]

text: Of the top 50 grossing movies of the year, 36 nominations went to 14 films on the list. Only The Fugitive (3rd), The Firm (4th), Sleepless in Seattle (6th), In the Line of Fire (7th), Dave (13th), Philadelphia (29th), What's Love Got to Do With It (38th), and The Age of Innocence (49th) were nominated for directing, acting, screenwriting, or Best Picture.[33] The other top 50 box office hits that earned nominations were Jurassic Park (1st), Mrs. Doubtfire (2nd), Cliffhanger (9th), The Nightmare Before Christmas (24th), Addams Family Values (25th), and Beethoven's 2nd (27th).[33]

text: Critical reviews[edit]

text: The show received a positive reception from most media publications. The New York Times film critic Janet Maslin raved that the telecast had "less silliness and less small talk, with more emphasis on cleverly chosen film clips and the bona fide Hollywood magic being celebrated." She also praised host Goldberg saying that she "sustained a tone of levity, which became particularly important as the sweep by Schindler's List threatened to bring out great ponderousness in some quarters."[34] Pittsburgh Post-Gazette television critic Robert Bianco commended Goldberg's performance writing that "She never acted like she was too smart or to hip for the show she was hosting; she never smirked like there was a joke she alone was cool enough to get." He also extolled producer Cates by commenting, "In place of the extraneous jokes and terrible production numbers, he gave us a theme that worked and a generous selection of clips to back it up."[35] Anne Thompson of Entertainment Weekly lauded Goldberg by stating, "Her elegant appearance (at least during the first half), her uncharacteristic restraint (she didn't cuss), and her ability to make it funny (despite the very somber speeches) made the ho-hum telecast worth watching."[36]

text: Some media outlets were more critical of the show. Television critic Howard Rosenberg of the Los Angeles Times lamented that Goldberg's humor "wilted in a blessedly brief 3-hour-and-18-minute telecast." He also wrote that compared with Billy Crystal, her hosting skills were "balmy".[37] Orlando Sentinel film critic Jay Boyar bemoaned that "this year's Oscarcast was only a little more exciting than a wine snob droning on about his favorite vintages."[38] Harold Schindler of The Salt Lake City Tribune remarked that Whoopi's preference for "insider" jokes "left the audience murmuring and most viewers probably scratching their heads." He also added the biggest letdown of the telecast was "Goldberg's seeming ineptness at understanding the moment"[39]

text: Ratings and reception[edit]

text: The American telecast on ABC drew in an average of 46.26 million people over its length, which was a 1% increase from the previous year's ceremony.[40][41] However, the show drew lower Nielsen ratings compared to the previous ceremony with 31.86% of households watching over a 49.28 share.[42] In addition, it also drew a lower 18–49 demo rating with a 19.73 rating over a 40.53 share among viewers in that demographic.[42]

text: In July 1994, the ceremony presentation received seven nominations at the 46th Primetime Emmys.[43][44] Two months later, the ceremony won one of those nominations for Outstanding Technical Direction/Camera/Video for a Miniseries or Special (Averill Perry, Jim Ralston, Kenneth R. Shapiro, Bill Pope, Hector Ramirez, Larry Heider, Dave Levisohn, Blair White, Bill Philben, Ralph Alcocer, Larry Stenman, Bud Holland, David Irete, Tom Geren, Dale Carlson, David Plakos, Ted Ashton, Jeff Mydoc, Chuck Pharis, Jean M. Mason).[45]

text: In Memoriam[edit]

text: The annual In Memoriam tribute was presented by actress Glenn Close. The montage featured an excerpt of the main title of Terms of Endearment composed by Michael Gore.[46]

text:
Lillian Gish
Myrna Loy
Joseph Cotten
George McFarland
Ruby Keeler
Telly Savalas
Melina Mercouri
Cesar Romero
Ted Haworth
Vincent Price
Stewart Granger
Samuel Bronston
River Phoenix
Raymond Burr
Cantinflas

Alexis Smith
Joseph L. Mankiewicz
Irene Sharaff
Helen Hayes
John Candy
Sammy Cahn
Ray Sharkey
Federico Fellini
Hervé Villechaize
Don Ameche
Audrey Hepburn
Brandon Lee
Dinah Shore
Fred Gwynne
Vincent Gardenia


document_title: I Love You, Man

question_text: who plays zoey in i love you man

question_tokens: who plays zoey in i love you man

text: I Love You, Man

text: Plot[edit]

text: Peter Klaven (Paul Rudd), a Los Angeles real estate agent, proposes to his girlfriend Zooey Rice (Rashida Jones), and she accepts. Peter seems to not have any close friends to share the good news with, only family and mainly female acquaintances. After overhearing Zooey's friends voicing their concerns over his lack of close male friends, Peter decides that he needs to find male friends in order to have a best man for the upcoming wedding.

text: Peter turns to his gay younger brother, Robbie (Andy Samberg), for advice on dealing with men. He makes a series of overtures toward various men, including Barry (Jon Favreau), the persistently hot-headed husband of Zooey's friend Denise (Jaime Pressly) who doesn't really like Peter all that much to begin with...a problem that only escalates when Peter inadvertently projectile-vomits on Barry after winning a beer-drinking contest and is kicked out of Barry's house.

text: Feeling rejected, Peter is about to give up, when during an open house at Lou Ferrigno's mansion which Peter is trying to sell, he meets Sydney Fife (Jason Segel), an investor who is attending the showing simply to pick up divorced women and take advantage of the free food. The two quickly become friends, especially bonding over their mutual adoration of the progressive rock band Rush. Peter introduces Sydney to Zooey at their engagement party, but the meeting takes an unfortunate turn when a nervous Sydney makes a very awkward toast.

text: The next night, Peter agrees to attend a Rush concert with Sydney, on the condition that he can bring Zooey. During the concert, Zooey is left feeling ignored by Peter and Sydney. The next day, while shopping for tuxedos, Sydney asks Peter why he is marrying Zooey, and also asks for an $8,000 loan. After some thought, Peter decides to lend Sydney the money, and later grants him the honor of being best man at his wedding. Zooey, meanwhile, has become suspicious of Sydney. Peter tells Zooey that he lent Sydney money and asks her if she knows why they are getting married, since he had no answer to Sydney's question. Hurt and angry, Zooey leaves.

text: Peter leaves for work the next morning only to discover that Sydney has used the $8,000 loan to purchase several ridiculous billboard advertisements promoting Peter's real estate business (using pictures of Peter he took of him on his iPhone). Still upset over his fight with Zooey, Peter confronts Sydney and decides to end their friendship. Peter then patches things up with Zooey, explaining to her that while he is nervous, he is ready to get married. While Zooey and Peter prepare for the wedding, Sydney finds himself alone and desperate to hang with someone.

text: At work, Peter discovers that Sydney's billboard advertising campaign was successful. Feeling encouraged, Peter finally stands up to his insufferable colleague, Tevin Downey (Rob Huebel), who had been badgering Peter for half the selling rights to the lucrative Ferrigno property. When Tevin makes one final attempt to get a piece of the Ferrigno listing, Peter slaps him across his face and tells him to stay away from it.

text: Peter feels bad about fighting with Sydney but does not re-invite him to the wedding. Instead, he assembles an array of random groomsmen that includes Robbie, father Oswald (J. K. Simmons), and Ferrigno. Before the wedding, Zooey sees Peter looking forlorn, clearly missing his friend Sydney. She calls and invites Sydney, who is, unbeknownst to them, already en route to the wedding. Just before the vows are to be taken, Sydney makes a dramatic entrance via moped. He informs Peter and Zooey that he is, in fact, a successful investor and returns the money he borrowed from Peter, stating that the billboards were the couple's wedding present. Peter and Zooey declare their love to each other, Sydney assumes the role of best man, and the wedding commences.

text: As the end credits begin to roll, we see the wedding reception, where Peter and Sydney join the hired band (played by OK Go) in a rendition of the Rush song "Limelight" pulling Zooey on stage to join them. After the song ends, Sydney attempts to toast the newlyweds and Peter runs to frantically stop him as the screen cuts out (still remembering Sydney's ill-advised toast at the engagement dinner.)

text: Cast[edit]

text:
Paul Rudd as Peter Klaven
Jason Segel as Sydney Fife
Rashida Jones as Zooey Rice
Andy Samberg as Robbie Klaven
Josh Cooke as Alan, Robbie's boyfriend
J. K. Simmons as Oswald Klaven
Jane Curtin as Joyce Klaven
Jaime Pressly as Denise McLean
Jon Favreau as Barry McLean
Sarah Burns as Hailey
Lou Ferrigno as Himself
Rob Huebel as Tevin Downey
Aziz Ansari as Eugene
Nick Kroll as Larry
Mather Zickel as Gil
Thomas Lennon as Doug Evans
Murray Gershenz as Mel
Joe Lo Truglio as Lonnie
Jay Chandrasekhar as Barry's friend
David Krumholtz as Sydney's friend
Carla Gallo as Zooey's friend
Larry Wilmore as Minister
Rush (Geddy Lee, Alex Lifeson, and Neil Peart) as themselves
OK Go as The Wedding Band "Tastes Like Chicken"

text: Production[edit]

text: "I really wrote my own version of the script, so my version was always going to be R-rated. I wanted to discuss sex, I wanted to discuss - there were blowjobs in the movie, there was Sydney Fife's character who's no way he could live in a PG-13 universe. It wasn't like trying to be raunchy or gratuitous, it was just like, I think most people live in an R-rated world."" — John Hamburg, Director/Co-Writer/Producer[4]

text: The script, Let's Be Friends, was originally written by Larry Levin.[5] It was purchased but went unused for about 11 years before the film was made.[6] Hamburg was offered the script and kept turning it down, but after his friends moved to Los Angeles he was inspired by the experience of trying to meet more friends to give it a shot. When Hamburg finally took the script he rewrote it to make it as real as possible.[4] The film was originally announced in December 2007, with production originally scheduled for March 2008.[7] In March 2008, Variety revealed that producer Ivan Reitman's Montecito Pictures officially began production on I Love You, Man during the week of March 31, 2008.[8]

text: Casting[edit]

text: I Love You, Man is the third collaboration between Paul Rudd and Jason Segel, following the Judd Apatow projects Knocked Up and Forgetting Sarah Marshall, while writer/director John Hamburg previously worked with Segel on Apatow's Undeclared television series.[9] It only took one lunch to get Segel and Rudd to sign on to do the film and this set the stage for other actors to sign on.[10] On February 13, 2008 it was announced that Rashida Jones would be in the female lead opposite Rudd.[11] Later, in an interview with FirstShowing.net, Jones revealed that because Segel and Rudd were already attached to the project she "knew immediately that it was gonna be even funnier than I would think."[12] At the beginning of the March 31, 2008 week, The Hollywood Reporter announced that Jaime Pressly had joined the film's cast, playing the best friend of Rashida Jones' character.[13] Hamburg comically stated that he was lucky in casting J.K. Simmons because his contract states "he has to be in one out of every four movies made."[14] Jon Favreau started working on the film the same week Iron Man came out, a film which he directed. He said he "probably wouldn't have agreed to have done it had I known my life was going to be that shape", but Iron Man star Robert Downey, Jr. told him that "It is the best thing you could do" – he said 'chop wood, carry water,' which is what they do in the Kung Fu movies to keep you humble."[15]

text: Anwar Sadat[edit]

text: One of late President of Egypt Anwar Sadat's daughters filed a lawsuit against the filmmakers because, in the film, Sydney's dog is named after her father. He tells Peter that he thinks "they look exactly alike." Samir Sabri, the lawyer in the case, asked the US embassy to apologize. Complaints have been raised by Egyptian bloggers as well.[16] In the Arab world, "dog" is often used as an insult, and, in the more specific context of Islam, dogs have historically been seen as unclean.

text: Rush[edit]

text: Rush were approached by Hamburg, a fan of the band, to appear in the film. The filming schedule was tight because there was a one-day window between two of their concerts on tour. The band later said that they enjoyed the experience.[17] Hamburg felt that "once Rush got that I wasn't poking fun at them, that I'm genuinely a fan and the main characters of the movie are fans and it's kind of a loving tribute to them, I think that's when they came on board."[18] Subsequently, both Rudd and Segel appeared in character as Peter and Sydney alongside the members of Rush in a short video played at the end of concerts during the band's 2010-11 Time Machine Tour.[19] In August 2013, Rudd reprised his character at the final show of Rush's Clockwork Angels Tour, conducting the Clockwork Angels Orchestra (a string section which accompanied the band) during the song "YYZ."[20] In 2015, on Rush's R40 Live Tour, Rudd and Segel were again featured among a number of celebrities in an accompanying rear-screen video lip-synching the rap section to the song "Roll the Bones".[citation needed]

text: Release[edit]

text: Critical reception[edit]

text: I Love You, Man received largely positive reviews, with critics mainly praising the chemistry between Rudd and Segel, as well as the supporting performances.

text: Film review website Rotten Tomatoes gives it an overall approval rating of 83% based on 205 reviews, with an average rating of 6.9/10. The website's critical consensus states, "I Love You, Man makes the most of its simple premise due to the heartfelt and hilarious performances of Paul Rudd and Jason Segel."[21] Metacritic gives it a weighted average score of 70% based on reviews from 34 critics.[22]

text: Giving the film three out of four stars, Peter Travers with Rolling Stone said that despite the formulaic plot, "It's the variations that Rudd and Segel spin on this theme that make the movie hugely enjoyable." He also praised the supporting cast.[23] Entertainment Weekly gave the film an A, and said that "Paul Rudd gives a startlingly funny and original performance."[24] USA Today gave the film a glowing review, stating "the movie works because everything hinges on the camaraderie and undeniable chemistry between Rudd and Segel."[25] More conservatively, People magazine said the movie "sails along on goodwill and blush-worthy bawdiness," but concluded that "like instant chocolate pudding, it goes down easy — even if it isn't especially good for you."[26]

text: The film was not without its critics. Peter Rainer of The Christian Science Monitor was not impressed with the film, and after noting that the character Sydney seemed to be written for Owen Wilson, Rainer remarked, "Maybe Wilson was busy. Lucky him."[27] The Colorado Daily described the relationship between the male leads as a "watered-down false bromance", noting that the pace of their relationship seemed "rushed", and that Peter was looking out for his wife rather than his best friend.[28]

text: Box office[edit]

text: In its U.S. opening weekend, the film made $17,810,270 in 2,711 theaters, ranking number two at the box office. The film grossed $71,440,011 domestically and $20,196,975 internationally making $91,636,986 worldwide. I Love You, Man was able to stay in the box office top ten for five weeks. This places it at number 27 of films released in 2009.[2]

text: Home media[edit]

text: The film was released on Blu-ray and DVD by Paramount Home Entertainment instead of DreamWorks Home Entertainment on August 11, 2009 in the US and August 24, 2009 in Europe and as of November 2009 generated more than $22 million in DVD sales. I Love You, Man was ranked number two in sales during its opening week and declined from there.[29] The DVD extras contains an hour and a half of content including a full performance of "Limelight".[30]

text: Awards[edit]

text: The film has been nominated for Best Kiss for the 2009 MTV Movie Awards for the smooch between Thomas Lennon's character Doug and Rudd's Peter, but lost to Twilight.[31] It was also nominated for a GLAAD Media Award for "Outstanding Film - Wide Release" during the 21st GLAAD Media Awards.[32]

text: Soundtrack[edit]

text:
I Love You, Man

Soundtrack album by Various Artists

Released
March 17, 2009 (2009-03-17)

Length
49:11

Label
Lakeshore Records

Producer
Theodore Shapiro

text:
Professional ratings

Review scores

Source
Rating

Allmusic
[33]

SoundtrackNet
[34]

text:
Track #
Title
Performer
Length

1
"Good Times"
Latch Key Kid
2:30

2
"Oxford Comma"
Vampire Weekend
3:15

3
"Tom Sawyer"
Rush
4:35

4
"Set You Free"
The Black Keys
2:45

5
"Lights Out"
Santigold
3:12

6
"Soul of a Man"
Beck
2:37

7
"Limelight"
Rush
4:20

8
"Good Times Roll"
The Cars
3:47

9
"Campus"
Vampire Weekend
2:56

10
"Mr. Pitiful"
Matt Costa
2:55

11
"Dancing With Myself"
The Donnas
3:28

12
"Waterslide"
The Bonedaddys
3:54

13
"Limelight"
Paul Rudd & Jason Segel
4:22

14
"Ain't That a Kick in the Head?"
Dean Martin
2:26

15
"Peter and Zooey"
Teddy Shapiro
2:17


document_title: Battle of Ypres

question_text: when did the first battle of ypres end

question_tokens: when did the first battle of ypres end

text: Battle of Ypres

text: The Battle of Ypres was a series of engagements during the First World War, near the Belgian city of Ypres, between the German and the Allied armies (Belgian, French, British Expeditionary Force and Canadian Expeditionary Force). There were hundreds of thousands of casualties during the five engagements:

text:
First Battle of Ypres (19 October – 22 November 1914). During the Race to the Sea. More than 100,000 casualties.
Second Battle of Ypres (22 April – 15 May 1915). First mass use of poison gas by the German army; included first victories of a former colonial nation (Canada) over a European power (Germany) on European soil.[citation needed] Around 100,000 casualties.
Battle of Passchendaele (31 July – 10 November 1917) also known as the Third Battle of Ypres. 400,000 to 800,000 casualties.
Battle of the Lys (1918) (9–29 April 1918) also known as the Battle of Estaires or the Fourth Battle of Ypres.[citation needed] Around 200,000 casualties.
Fifth Battle of Ypres (28 September – 2 October 1918) an informal name given to a series of battles in northern[citation needed] France and southern Belgium, also known as Advance of Flanders and Battle of the Peaks of Flanders. Around 10,000 Allied casualties; German casualties unknown.[citation needed]

text:
This article includes a list of related items that share the same name (or similar names).
If an internal link incorrectly led you here, you may wish to change the link to point directly to the intended article.

text: Set indices

text: All articles with unsourced statementsArticles with unsourced statements from December 2017All set index articlesUse dmy dates from March 2017Former disambiguation pages converted to set index articles


question_text: who had the best strike rate among batsmen who scored over 200 runs in the world cup

text: Key[edit]

text:
* denotes that the player remained not out.
Runs denotes the number of runs scored by the player.
S/R denotes the strike rate of the player (runs scored per 100 balls)
Innings denotes which of the team's batting innings the double century was scored in.
Date denotes the date the match started on.
   denotes that the total is/was a world record score at the time.
     denotes the match was part of the ICC Cricket World Cup/Women's Cricket World Cup.

text: ODI Cricket[edit]

text:
List of One Day International cricket double centuries[1]

No.
Runs
Batsman
S/R
For
Against
ODI
Venue
Date

1
200*
Tendulkar, SachinSachin Tendulkar[1]
136.05
 India
 South Africa
2962
Captain Roop Singh Stadium, Gwalior, India
24 February 2010

2
219
Sehwag, VirenderVirender Sehwag[2]
146.98
 India
 West Indies
3223
Holkar Stadium, Indore, India
8 December 2011

3
209
Sharma, RohitRohit Sharma[3]
132.28
 India
 Australia
3428
M. Chinnaswamy Stadium, Bangalore, India
2 November 2013

4
264
Sharma, RohitRohit Sharma[4]
152.60
 India
 Sri Lanka
3544
Eden Gardens, India
13 November 2014

5
215
Gayle, ChrisChris Gayle[5]
146.30
 West Indies
 Zimbabwe
3612
Manuka Oval, Canberra, Australia
24 February 2015

6
237*
Guptill, MartinMartin Guptill[6]
145.40
 New Zealand
 West Indies
3643
Wellington Regional Stadium, Wellington, New Zealand
22 March 2015

7
208*
Sharma, RohitRohit Sharma[7]
135.95
 India
 Sri Lanka
3941
Punjab Cricket Association IS Bindra Stadium, Mohali, India
13 December 2017

text: Women's ODI cricket[edit]

text:
List of One Day International cricket double centuries[1]

No.
Runs
BatsWoman
S/R
For
Against
ODI
Venue
Date

1
229*
Clark, BelindaBelinda Clark[8]
147.74
 Australia
 Denmark
[9]
Middle Income Group Ground, Mumbai, India
16 December 1997

text: Notes[edit]

text:
^ Batting first, Tendulkar shared stands of 196 for the second wicket with Dinesh Karthik (79), 81 for the third wicket with Yusuf Pathan (36), and 101 for the fourth wicket with Mahendra Singh Dhoni (68*) on the way to an India total of 401 for 3. India won by 153 runs, despite AB de Villiers of South Africa scoring 114* in the second innings. Tendulkar became the first batsman to score a double hundred in Men's One Day Internationals, achieving the landmark in 147 balls. It was also the first double century by an Indian in One Day Internationals.[3]
^ Batting first, Sehwag shared stands of 176 for the first wicket with Gautam Gambhir (67), and 140 for the second wicket with Suresh Raina (55) on the way to an India total of 418 for 5. India won by 153 runs, despite Denesh Ramdin of the West Indies scoring 96 in the second innings. The total of 418 is the highest by India batting first till date and Sehwag's 219 is the first One Day International double century reached with a four.[4]
^ Batting first, Sharma shared stands of 112 for the first wicket with Shikhar Dhawan (60), 72 for the second wicket with Suresh Raina (28), and 167 for the second wicket with Mahendra Singh Dhoni (62) on the way to an India total of 383 for 6. India won by 57 runs, despite James Faulkner of Australia putting up some resistance with 116 in the second innings. This is the only One Day International double century reached with a six.[5]
^ Batting first, Sharma shared stands of 202 for the third wicket with Virat Kohli (66), and 128 with Robin Uthappa (16*) on the way to an India total of 404 for 5. India won by 153 runs. as Sri Lanka were bowled out for 251. With this match, Sharma became the only batsman till date to score more than one double century in One Day Internationals. This is the second One Day International double century reached with a four.[6]
^ Batting first, Gayle shared a stand of 372 for the second wicket with Marlon Samuels (133*) also making a century on the way to a West Indies total of 372 for 2. The match was delayed by rain leading to Zimbabwe's target being adjusted as per the Duckworth–Lewis method to 363 off 48 overs. In reply, Zimbabwe were dismissed for 289 as West Indies won by 73 runs. Gayle became the first non-Indian to score a double century in One Day Internationals and the first batsman to score a double hundred in the Cricket World Cup. The partnership of 372 between Gayle and Samuels is the highest for any wicket in One Day Internationals. This is the third One Day International double century reached with a four.[7]
^ Batting first, Guptill shared stands of 62 for the second wicket with Kane Williamson (33), 143 for the third wicket with Ross Taylor (42), and 55 for the fourth wicket with Grant Elliott (27) on the way to a New Zealand total of 393 for 6. New Zealand won by 143 runs meeting with little resistance from the West Indies. Guptill's 237* was the first double century scored in the knockout stage of the Cricket World Cup. This is the fourth One Day International double century reached with a four.[8]
^ Batting first, Sharma shared stands of 115 for the first wicket with Shikhar Dhawan (68) and 213 for the second wicket with Shreyas Iyer (88) on the way to India total of 392 for 4.
^ Batting first, Clark shared stands of 168 for the first wicket with Lisa Keightley (60), and 136 for the second wicket with Karen Rolton (64) on the way to a team total of 412 for 3. Australia won by a mammoth 363 runs. Clark became the first player to score a double hundred in One Day Internationals. [9]

tag: ol

text: Footnotes[edit]

text:
^ Jump up to: a b c d "Records / One-Day Internationals / Batting records / Most runs in an innings". ESPNcricinfo. Retrieved 17 August 2015.
Jump up ^ see "Women's ODI Cricket" table in the article
Jump up ^ "South Africa tour of India, 2nd ODI: India v South Africa at Gwalior, Feb 24, 2010". ESPNcricinfo. Retrieved 22 August 2015.
Jump up ^ "West Indies tour of India, 4th ODI: India v West Indies at Indore, Dec 8, 2011". ESPNcricinfo. Retrieved 22 August 2015.
Jump up ^ "Australia tour of India, 7th ODI: India v Australia at Bangalore, Nov 2, 2013". ESPNcricinfo. Retrieved 22 August 2015.
Jump up ^ "Sri Lanka tour of India, 4th ODI: India v Sri Lanka at Kolkata, Nov 13, 2014". ESPNcricinfo. Retrieved 22 August 2015.
Jump up ^ "ICC Cricket World Cup, 15th Match, Pool B: West Indies v Zimbabwe at Canberra, Feb 24, 2015". ESPNcricinfo. Retrieved 22 August 2015.
Jump up ^ "ICC Cricket World Cup, 4th: New Zealand v West Indies at Wellington, Mar 21, 2015". ESPNcricinfo. Retrieved 22 August 2015.
Jump up ^ "Hero Honda Women's World Cup, 18th Match: Australia Women v Denmark Women at Mumbai, Dec 16, 1997". ESPNcricinfo. Retrieved 15 May 2017.


document_title: Utang na loob

question_text: what is the meaning of utang na loob

question_tokens: what is the meaning of utang na loob

text: Utang na loob

text: This article needs attention from an expert in Philippines. The specific problem is: the article needs to be expanded without skewing its coverage. WikiProject Philippines may be able to help recruit an expert. (May 2017)

text: Utang na loob is a Filipino cultural trait which, when translated literally, means "a debt of one's inner self (loob)."[1] It is also often translated as a "debt of gratitude."[2]

text: In the study of Filipino psychology, utang na loob is considered an important "accommodative surface value", along with hiya (propriety/dignity) and pakikisama (companionship/esteem). It is one of the values by which Filipinos accommodate the demands of the world around them as opposed to its counterpart grouping, referred to as the "confrontative surface values", which include values such as lakas ng loob and pakikibaka.[1]

text: The essence of utang na loob is an obligation to appropriately repay a person who has done one a favor. The favors which elicit the Filipino's sense of utang na loob are typically those whose value is impossible to quantify, or, if there is a quantifiable value involved, involves a deeply personal internal dimension.[3] This internal dimension, loob, differentiates utang na loob from an ordinary utang (debt); being an internal phenomenon, utang na loob thus goes much deeper than ordinary debt or even the western concept of owing a favor. Filipino psychology explains that this is a reflection of the kapwa orientation of shared personhood or shared self, which is at the core of the Filipino values system.[1]