document_title: The Post (film)

question_text: when did the movie the post begin filming

text: The Post (film)

text: Plot[edit]

text: In 1966 Vietnam, State Department military analyst Daniel Ellsberg accompanies U.S. troops in combat, documenting the progress of U.S. military activities in the region for Secretary of Defense Robert McNamara. On the return flight home, McNamara expresses to Ellsberg and William Macomber his view that the war in Vietnam is hopeless, yet, upon landing, McNamara expresses to the press his confidence in the war effort. Ellsberg overhears this and becomes disillusioned. Years later, now working for the RAND Corporation, a civilian military contractor, Ellsberg surreptitiously photocopies classified reports documenting the country's decades-long involvement in the conflict in Vietnam, dating back to the Truman administration. Ellsberg then leaks these documents to reporters at The New York Times and the movie follows two weeks in 1971 at the The Washington Post and the publishing of the Pentagon Papers.

text: Newspaper heiress Katharine Graham tries to balance her social life with her responsibility as owner and publisher of The Washington Post, following the deaths of her husband, and her father. She is troubled over preparations for the newspaper's stock market launch, a move she recognizes as important for strengthening the paper's economic stability. Graham lacks experience and is frequently overruled by more assertive men who advise or work for her, such as editor-in-chief Ben Bradlee, and board member Arthur Parsons. Bradlee tries in vain to match The New York Times's ability to get scoops. Meanwhile, McNamara, Graham's longtime friend, confides in her that he is to be the subject of unflattering coverage by the Times. The story turns out to be an exposé of the government's long-running deception of the American public. However, the series is halted by a court injunction against further publication by the Times.

text: Post assistant editor Ben Bagdikian tracks down Ellsberg as the source for the leak, who provides Bagdikian with copies of the same material given to the Times. A hand-picked team of Post reporters sorts through the piles of papers, searching for the headline stories. The lawyers for the Post advise against publishing the material, lest the Nixon administration bring criminal charges against them. Graham talks to McNamara, Bradlee, and trusted Post chairman Fritz Beebe, agonizing over the decision of whether to publish. The situation is made even more complicated when the Post's lawyers discover that Bagdikian's source is the same as the Times's, possibly putting Graham in contempt of court. If charges are brought against the company, Graham could destroy the newspaper she sees as a family legacy. Alternately, if she were to win any legal challenge, the Post could instead establish itself as an important journalistic institution. She chooses to run the story.

text: The White House retaliates, and in short order the Post and Times appear together before the Supreme Court to plead their First Amendment argument for the right to publish the material. Meanwhile, newspapers across the country pick up the story in solidarity with the Post and Times. The court rules 6–3 in the newspapers' favor, vindicating Graham's decision. Nixon demands that the Post should be barred from the White House. One year later, security guard Frank Wills discovers a break-in in progress at the Watergate complex after a guest at the Watergate hotel called complaining about people using flashlights.

text: Cast[edit]

text:
Meryl Streep as Katharine Graham
Tom Hanks as Ben Bradlee
Sarah Paulson as Antoinette "Tony" Pinchot Bradlee
Bob Odenkirk as Ben Bagdikian
Tracy Letts as Fritz Beebe
Bradley Whitford as Arthur Parsons
Bruce Greenwood as Robert McNamara
Matthew Rhys as Daniel Ellsberg
Alison Brie as Lally Graham
Carrie Coon as Meg Greenfield
Jesse Plemons as Roger Clark
David Cross as Howard Simons
Michael Stuhlbarg as A. M. Rosenthal
Zach Woods as Anthony Essaye
Pat Healy as Philip L. Geyelin
John Rue as Gene Patterson
Rick Holmes as Murrey Marder
Philip Casnoff as Chalmers Roberts
Jessie Mueller as Judith Martin
Stark Sands as Donald E. Graham
Michael Cyril Creighton as Jake
Brent Langdon as Paul Ignatius
Christopher Innvar as James L. Greenfield
James Riordan as Vice Admiral Joseph Francis Blouin
Kelly AuCoin as Assistant Attorney General Maroney
Cotter Smith as William Macomber
Jennifer Dundas as Liz Hylton

text: Production[edit]

text: In October 2016, Amy Pascal won a bid for the rights to the screenplay The Post, written by Liz Hannah.[14] In February 2017, Steven Spielberg had halted pre-production on The Kidnapping of Edgardo Mortara after a casting setback, and consequently opened his schedule to other potential films to direct.[4] The following month, it was announced that Spielberg was in negotiations to direct and produce the film, with Meryl Streep and Tom Hanks in talks for the roles of Katharine Graham and Ben Bradlee, respectively.[15] The Post is the first time that Spielberg, Streep, and Hanks had all worked together on a film.[16][17]

text: Spielberg read the screenplay and decided to direct the film as soon as possible, citing that "when I read the first draft of the script, this wasn't something that could wait three years or two years — this was a story I felt we needed to tell today."[18] Spielberg worked on The Post while post-production work continued on the visual-effects-heavy Ready Player One, a situation familiar to him from concurrently producing, in the early 1990s, Jurassic Park and Schindler's List.[19] Josh Singer was hired to re-write the screenplay ten weeks before filming.[20]

text: As filming commenced, a number of New York Times figures who were associated with the Pentagon Papers case—among them James Greenfield, James Goodale, Allan Siegal, and Max Frankel—objected to the film's production due to the script's lack of emphasis on the Times' role in breaking the story.[21] Goodale, who was at the time the Times's in-house counsel, later called the film "a good movie but bad history."[22]

text: Filming[edit]

text: The film began principal photography in New York on May 30, 2017.[23] On June 6, 2017, it was announced that the project, retitled The Papers, would also star Alison Brie, Carrie Coon, David Cross, Bruce Greenwood, Tracy Letts, Bob Odenkirk, Sarah Paulson, Jesse Plemons, Matthew Rhys, Michael Stuhlbarg, Bradley Whitford, and Zach Woods.[24] On August 25, 2017, the film's title reverted to The Post.[25] Spielberg finished the final cut of the film on November 6, 2017, with the final sound mix also completed along with the musical score a week later, on November 13.[26]

text: Costume design[edit]

text: Writing for The New York Times, Manogla Dargis indicated some high points in the costume design used in the film stating, "The costume designer Ann Roth subtly brightens Katharine, taking her from leaden gray to free-flowing gold.".[27]

text: Music[edit]

text:
When Steven first approached me about [The Post], we talked about Kay Graham and Ben Bradlee and what opportunities the film might present for me. When I've thought about it, I've never been in a newsroom – you know, with the clattering of a thousand typewriters in those days... Now no one's using them, it's all silent. But it must have been quite a noisy environment, really – everyone running back and forth. So I thought, "Well, how are you gonna get any music in a newsroom?"

—John Williams on composing the score

tag: div

text: The score for the film was written by John Williams; it is his 28th collaboration with Spielberg.[28] The music is a combination of traditional orchestral instrumentation and what Williams has called "very light, computerised electronic effects."[29] Williams was originally attached to write the music for Spielberg's Ready Player One, but, because both films had similar post-production schedules, Williams chose to work on The Post, while Alan Silvestri composed for Ready Player One. [29] Spielberg has said that The Post was a rare instance in which he went to the recording sessions "having not heard a note" in advance.[30]

text: Recording began on October 30, 2017 in Los Angeles.[31] The soundtrack was released digitally by Sony Classical Records on December 22, 2017 and in physical form on January 12, 2018.[32]

text:
The Post (Original Motion Picture Soundtrack)

Film score by John Williams

Released

December 22, 2017 (2017-12-22) (digital)
January 12, 2018 (2018-01-12) (physical)

Genre
Soundtrack

Length
40:10

Label
Sony Classical

Producer
John Williams

John Williams chronology

Star Wars:
The Last Jedi
(2017)String Module Error: Match not found2017
The Post
(2017)

text: Track listing[edit]

text:
No.
Title
Length

1.
"The Papers"
3:56

2.
"The Presses Roll"
5:01

3.
"Nixon's Order"
1:47

4.
"The Oak Room, 1971"
1:46

5.
"Setting the Type"
2:34

6.
"Mother and Daughter"
3:23

7.
"Scanning the Papers"
2:23

8.
"Two Martini Lunch"
2:34

9.
"Deciding to Publish"
5:42

10.
"The Court's Decision and End Credits"
11:04

Total length:
40:10

text: Release[edit]

text: The Post premiered at the Newseum in Washington, D.C. on December 14, 2017.[33] It began a limited theatrical release in the United States on December 22, 2017, and a wide release on January 12, 2018.[34] The film is distributed internationally through Amblin Partners' distribution agreements with Universal Pictures, Reliance Entertainment, and Entertainment One Films.[35] The film was released by Reliance in India.[36] Tom Hanks has expressed disinterest in appearing at a potential White House screening for Donald Trump.[37]

text: Marketing[edit]

text: The first official image from The Post was released on October 31, 2017.[38] The trailer for The Post premiered exclusively on The Late Show with Stephen Colbert, on November 7, 2017,[39] and the film's poster, designed by BLT Communications, was released the next day.[40][41] The first TV spot, titled "Uncover the Truth", was released on November 21, 2017.[42][43]

text: Home media[edit]

text: The Post was released on Digital HD on April 3 and on Blu-ray/DVD April 17 by 20th Century Fox Home Entertainment.

text: Reception[edit]

text: Box office[edit]

text: As of April 15, 2018[update], The Post has grossed $81.8 million in the United States and Canada, and $92.6 million in other territories, for a worldwide total of $174.4 million, against a production budget of $50 million.[5]

text: During The Post's limited opening weekend, December 22 to 24, it grossed $526,011 (and a total of $762,057 over the four-day Christmas weekend) from nine theaters. The following weekend, the film grossed $561,080 for a per-theater average of $62,342, one of the highest of 2017.[44] The film had its wide release alongside the openings of The Commuter, Paddington 2 and Proud Mary, and was projected to gross around $20 million from 2,819 theaters over the weekend.[45] It made $5.9 million on its first day and $18.6 million over the weekend (and a four-day MLK weekend total of $23.4 million), finishing second at the box office behind holdover Jumanji: Welcome to the Jungle.[46] 66% of its opening weekend audience was over the age of 35.[47] It dropped 37% the following weekend to $12.2 million, finishing 4th behind Jumanji and newcomers 12 Strong and Den of Thieves.[48] It dropped to 5th in its third week of wide release, grossing $8.9 million.[49]

text: Critical response[edit]

text: On review aggregator Rotten Tomatoes, the film has an approval rating of 88% based on 321 reviews, with an average rating of 7.9/10. The site's critical consensus reads, "The Post's period setting belies its bitingly timely themes, brought compellingly to life by director Steven Spielberg and an outstanding ensemble cast."[50] On Metacritic, which assigns a normalized rating to reviews, the film has a weighted average score of 83 out of 100, based on 51 critics, indicating "universal acclaim".[51] Audiences polled by CinemaScore gave the film an average grade of "A" on an A+ to F scale,[46][52] while PostTrak reported 63% of audience members gave the film a "definite recommend".[47]

text: Alonso Duralde of TheWrap praised the acting and Spielberg's direction, though noted the script as being too on-the-nose at times, saying, "The Post passes the trickiest tests of a historical drama: It makes us understand that decisions that have been validated by the lens of history were difficult ones to make in the moment, and it generates suspense over how all the pieces fell into place to make those decisions come to fruition."[53] David Ehrlich of IndieWire gave the film an A– and wrote: "Nobody needs to be reminded that history tends to go in circles, but The Post is so vital because it captures the ecstasy of trying to break the chain and bend things towards justice; defending the fundamental tenets of the Constitution hasn't been this much fun since Hamilton."[54]

text: Chris Nashawaty, writing for Entertainment Weekly, gave the film a positive review, but also compared it with previous journalism films such as All the President's Men and stating: "Spielberg makes these crucial days in American history easy to follow. But if you look at The Post next to something like All the President's Men, you see the difference between having a story passively explained to you and actively helping to untangle it. That's a small quibble with an urgent and impeccably acted film. But it's also the difference between a very good movie and a great one."[55]

text: Manohla Dargis of The New York Times awarded the film an NYT Critic's Pick with a strong acknowledgment of Spielberg as director stating, "Mostly, (the Post decision to publish) went down fast, a pace that Mr. Spielberg conveys with accelerated rhythms, flying feet, racing cameras and an enjoyably loose approach to the material. With his virtuosic, veteran crew, Mr. Spielberg paints the scene vividly and with daubs of beauty; most notably, he creates distinct visual realms for the story’s two main overlapping, at times colliding worlds. Katharine reigns over one; at first she’s all but entombed in her darkly lighted, wood-paneled empire. Ben rules the other, overseeing the talking and typing warriors of the glaring, noisily freewheeling newsroom".[56]

text: Matt Bobkin, writing for Exclaim!, gave the film a 6 out of 10 score, saying the film "has all the makings of an awards season hit, but is too calculated to reflect today's ragged, tenuous sociopolitical climate."

text: Portrayal of The New York Times[edit]

text: The film downplays the role that journalists from The New York Times had in the leak of the Pentagon Papers and emphasizes The Washington Post's involvement.[57][58] In an interview with the Columbia Journalism Review, former New York Times associates James Greenfield, who coordinated the Pentagon Papers project as the Times’ foreign editor; James Goodale, the Times’ general counsel at the time; and Max Frankel, the Times' Washington bureau chief when the Papers were published, criticized the film's more minor portrayal of the paper.[59] The New York Times had not only published the Pentagon Papers before The Washington Post, but had also set the stage for the major legal battle between the press and the United States government.[57] The newspaper also won the 1972 Pulitzer Prize for Public Service for its contributions. The 1972 Pulitzer jury of journalists noted in their recommendation not only the significance of Daniel Ellsberg's Pentagon Papers leak, but also that of Times reporters Neil Sheehan, Hedrick Smith, Fox Butterfield and E. W. Kenworthy, and stated that their effort was “a combination of investigative reporting, analysis, research, and writing — all of which added to a distinctly meritorious public service, not only for readers of The Times but also for an entire nation.”[58] Goodale noted in an article for The Daily Beast that the Times published the Papers after Ellsberg had leaked them to Sheehan, and further stated that the film "creates a false impression that the Post was a major player in such publication. It’s as though Hollywood had made a movie about the Times’ triumphant role in Watergate."[22] On PBS NewsHour, Goodale further said, “Although a producer has artistic license, I think it should be limited in a situation such as this, so that the public comes away with an understanding of what the true facts are in this case . . . And I think that if you’re doing a movie now, when [President Donald] Trump is picking on the press for ‘fake news’, you want to be authentic. You don’t want to be in any way fake.”[60]

text: Accolades[edit]

text:
Award
Date of ceremony
Category
Nominee(s)
Result
Ref.

AARP's Movies for Grownups Awards
February 5, 2018
Best Actress
Meryl Streep
Nominated
[61]
[62]

Best Actor
Tom Hanks
Nominated

Best Director
Steven Spielberg
Nominated

Best Time Capsule
The Post
Nominated

Readers' Choice Poll
The Post
Nominated

Academy Awards
March 4, 2018
Best Picture
Amy Pascal, Steven Spielberg and Kristie Macosko Krieger
Nominated
[63]
[64]

Best Actress
Meryl Streep
Nominated

Alliance of Women Film Journalists
January 9, 2018
Best Ensemble Cast – Casting Director
Ellen Lewis
Nominated
[65]

Best Woman Screenwriter
Liz Hannah and Josh Singer
Nominated

American Cinema Editors
January 26, 2018
Best Edited Feature Film – Dramatic
Michael Kahn and Sarah Broshar
Nominated
[66]

American Film Institute
January 5, 2018
Top Ten Films of the Year
The Post
Won
[67]

Art Directors Guild
January 27, 2018
Excellence in Production Design for a Period Film
Rick Carter
Nominated
[68]

Casting Society of America
January 18, 2018
Big Budget – Drama
Rori Bergman, Karlee Fomalont, Ellen Lewis and Kate Sprance
Nominated
[69]

Cinema For Peace Awards
February 19, 2018
Most Valuable Film of the Year
The Post
Won
[70]

Critics' Choice Movie Awards
January 11, 2018
Best Acting Ensemble
The cast of The Post
Nominated
[71]

Best Actor
Tom Hanks
Nominated

Best Actress
Meryl Streep
Nominated

Best Director
Steven Spielberg
Nominated

Best Editing
Michael Kahn and Sarah Broshar
Nominated

Best Original Screenplay
Liz Hannah and Josh Singer
Nominated

Best Picture
The Post
Nominated

Best Score
John Williams
Nominated

Dallas–Fort Worth Film Critics Association
December 13, 2017
Best Film
The Post
2nd Place
[72]

Best Director
Steven Spielberg
4th Place

Best Actor
Tom Hanks
5th Place

Best Actress
Meryl Streep
5th Place

Detroit Film Critics Society
December 7, 2017
Best Ensemble
The cast of The Post
Won
[73]

Best Screenplay
Liz Hannah and Josh Singer
Nominated

Florida Film Critics Circle
December 23, 2017
Best Cinematography
Janusz Kamiński
Nominated
[74]
[75]

Georgia Film Critics Association
January 12, 2018
Best Production Design
Rick Carter, Kim Jennings and Deborah Jensen
Nominated
[76]

Best Original Score
John Williams
Nominated

Best Ensemble
The cast of The Post
Nominated

Gold Derby Awards
February 1, 2018
Best Actress
Meryl Streep
Nominated
[77]

Golden Globe Awards
January 7, 2018
Best Actor – Motion Picture Drama
Tom Hanks
Nominated
[78]

Best Actress – Motion Picture Drama
Meryl Streep
Nominated

Best Director
Steven Spielberg
Nominated

Best Motion Picture – Drama
The Post
Nominated

Best Original Score
John Williams
Nominated

Best Screenplay
Liz Hannah and Josh Singer
Nominated

Houston Film Critics Society
January 6, 2018
Best Director
Steven Spielberg
Nominated
[79]

Best Original Screenplay
Liz Hannah and Josh Singer
Nominated

Best Picture
The Post
Nominated

Best Score
John Williams
Nominated

Humanitas Prize
February 16, 2018
Feature – Drama
Liz Hannah and Josh Singer
Nominated
[80]

IndieWire Critics Poll
December 19, 2017
Best Picture
The Post
10th Place
[81]

National Board of Review
January 4, 2018
Best Actor
Tom Hanks
Won
[82]
[83]

Best Actress
Meryl Streep
Won

Best Film
The Post
Won

National Society of Film Critics
January 6, 2018
Best Supporting Actor
Michael Stuhlbarg
2nd Place[a]
[84]

New York Film Critics Online
December 10, 2017
Top 10 Films
The Post
Won
[85]

Online Film Critics Society
December 28, 2017
Best Ensemble
The cast of The Post
Nominated
[86]
[87]

Producers Guild of America Awards
January 20, 2018
Best Theatrical Motion Picture
Amy Pascal, Steven Spielberg and Kristie Macosko Krieger
Nominated
[88]

San Diego Film Critics Society
December 11, 2017
Best Editing
Michael Kahn and Sarah Broshar
Nominated
[89]

Best Ensemble
The cast of The Post
Nominated

San Francisco Film Critics Circle
December 10, 2017
Best Editing
Michael Kahn
Nominated
[90]

Saturn Awards
June 2018
Best Thriller Film
The Post
Pending
[91]

Seattle Film Critics Society
December 18, 2017
Best Picture of the Year
The Post
Nominated
[92]

Best Actress
Meryl Streep
Nominated

Best Ensemble
The cast of The Post
Nominated

St. Louis Film Critics Association
December 17, 2017
Best Actor
Tom Hanks
Nominated
[93]

Best Actress
Meryl Streep
Nominated

Best Director
Steven Spielberg
Nominated

Best Editing
Michael Kahn and Sarah Broshar
Nominated

Best Original Score
John Williams
Nominated

Best Picture
The Post
Runner-up

Washington D.C. Area Film Critics Association
December 8, 2017
Best Actress
Meryl Streep
Nominated
[94]

Best Ensemble
The cast of The Post
Nominated

Best Portrayal of Washington D.C.
The Post
Won

Women Film Critics Circle
December 17, 2017
Karen Morley Award
The Post
Nominated
[95]
[96]

text: Notes[edit]

text: Jump up ^ Also nominated for Call Me by Your Name and The Shape of Water

tag: ol


document_title: Cerebrum

question_text: where is the cerebrum of the brain located

root

text: Cerebrum

text: Structure[edit]

text: The cerebrum is the largest part of the brain. Depending upon the position of the animal it lies either in front or on top of the brainstem. In humans, the cerebrum is the largest and best-developed of the five major divisions of the brain.

tag: p

text: The cerebrum is made up of the two cerebral hemispheres and their cortices, (the outer layers of grey matter), and the underlying regions of white matter.[1] Its subcortical structures include the hippocampus, basal ganglia and olfactory bulb. The cerebrum consists of two cerebral hemispheres, separated from each other by a deep fissure called the longitudinal fissure.

text: Cerebral cortex[edit]

text: The cerebral cortex, the outer layer of gray matter of the cerebrum, is found only in mammals. In larger mammals, including humans, the surface of the cerebral cortex folds to create gyri (ridges) and sulci (furrows) which increase the surface area.[2]

text: The cerebral cortex is generally classified into four lobes: the frontal, parietal, temporal, and occipital lobes. The lobes are classified based on their overlying neurocranial bones.[3]

text: Cerebral hemispheres[edit]

text: The cerebrum is divided by the medial longitudinal fissure into two cerebral hemispheres, the right and the left. The cerebrum is contralaterally organized, i.e., right hemisphere controls and processes signals from the left side of the body, while the left hemisphere controls and processes signals from the right side of the body.[3] There is a strong but not complete bilateral symmetry between the hemispheres. The lateralization of brain function looks at the known and possible differences between the two.

text: Development[edit]

text: In the developing vertebrate embryo, the neural tube is subdivided into four unseparated sections which then develop further into distinct regions of the central nervous system; these are the prosencephalon (forebrain), the mesencephalon (midbrain) the rhombencephalon (hindbrain) and the spinal cord.[4] The prosencephalon develops further into the telencephalon and the diencephalon. The dorsal telencephalon gives rise to the pallium (cerebral cortex in mammals and reptiles) and the ventral telencephalon generates the basal ganglia. The diencephalon develops into the thalamus and hypothalamus, including the optic vesicles (future retina).[5] The dorsal telencephalon then forms two lateral telencephalic vesicles, separated by the midline, which develop into the left and right cerebral hemispheres. Birds and fish have a dorsal telencephalon, like all vertebrates, but it is generally unlayered and therefore not considered a cerebral cortex. Only a layered cytoarchitecture can be considered a cortex.

text: Functions[edit]

text: Note: As the cerebrum is a gross division with many subdivisions and sub-regions, it is important to state that this section lists the functions that the cerebrum as a whole serves. See main articles on cerebral cortex and basal ganglia for more information. The cerebrum is a major part of the brain, controlling emotions, hearing, vision, personality and much more. It controls all voluntary actions.

text: Movement[edit]

text: The cerebrum directs the conscious or volitional motor functions of the body. These functions originate within the primary motor cortex and other frontal lobe motor areas where actions are planned. Upper motor neurons in the primary motor cortex send their axons to the brainstem and spinal cord to synapse on the lower motor neurons, which innervate the muscles. Damage to motor areas of cortex can lead to certain types of motor neuron disease. This kind of damage results in loss of muscular power and precision rather than total paralysis.

text: It functions as the center of sensory perception, memory, thoughts and judgement; the cerebrum also functions as the center of voluntary motor activities

text: Sensory processing[edit]

text: The primary sensory areas of the cerebral cortex receive and process visual, auditory, somatosensory, gustatory, and olfactory information. Together with association cortical areas, these brain regions synthesize sensory information into our perceptions of the world.

text: Olfaction[edit]

text: The olfactory bulb, responsible for the sense of smell, takes up a large area of the cerebrum in most vertebrates. However, in humans, this part of the brain is much smaller and lies underneath the frontal lobe. The olfactory sensory system is unique since the neurons in the olfactory bulb send their axons directly to the olfactory cortex, rather than to the thalamus first. Damage to the olfactory bulb results in a loss of olfaction (the sense of smell).

text: Language and communication[edit]

text: Speech and language are mainly attributed to the parts of the cerebral cortex. Motor portions of language are attributed to Broca's area within the frontal lobe. Speech comprehension is attributed to Wernicke's area, at the temporal-parietal lobe junction. These two regions are interconnected by a large white matter tract, the arcuate fasciculus. Damage to the Broca's area results in expressive aphasia (non-fluent aphasia) while damage to Wernicke's area results in receptive aphasia (also called fluent aphasia).

text: Learning and memory[edit]

text: Explicit or declarative (factual) memory formation is attributed to the hippocampus and associated regions of the medial temporal lobe. This association was originally described after a patient known as HM had both his left and right hippocampus surgically removed to treat chronic temporal lobe epilepsy. After surgery, HM had anterograde amnesia, or the inability to form new memories.

text: Implicit or procedural memory, such as complex motor behaviors, involves the basal ganglia.

text: Short-term or working memory involves association areas of the cortex, especially the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex, as well as the hippocampus.

text: Other animals[edit]

text: In the most primitive vertebrates, the hagfishes and lampreys, the cerebrum is a relatively simple structure receiving nerve impulses from the olfactory bulb. In cartilaginous and lobe-finned fishes and also in amphibians, a more complex structure is present, with the cerebrum being divided into three distinct regions. The lowermost (or ventral) region forms the basal nuclei, and contains fibres connecting the rest of the cerebrum to the thalamus. Above this, and forming the lateral part of the cerebrum, is the paleopallium, while the uppermost (or dorsal) part is referred to as the archipallium. The cerebrum remains largely devoted to olfactory sensation in these animals, in contrast to its much wider range of functions in amniotes.[6]

text: In ray-finned fishes the structure is somewhat different. The inner surfaces of the lateral and ventral regions of the cerebrum bulge up into the ventricles; these include both the basal nuclei and the various parts of the pallium and may be complex in structure, especially in teleosts. The dorsal surface of the cerebrum is membranous, and does not contain any nervous tissue.[6]

text: In the amniotes, the cerebrum becomes increasingly large and complex. In reptiles, the paleopallium is much larger than in amphibians and its growth has pushed the basal nuclei into the central regions of the cerebrum. As in the lower vertebrates, the grey matter is generally located beneath the white matter, but in some reptiles, it spreads out to the surface to form a primitive cortex, especially in the anterior part of the brain.[6]

text: In mammals, this development proceeds further, so that the cortex covers almost the whole of the cerebral hemispheres, especially in more developed species, such as the primates. The paleopallium is pushed to the ventral surface of the brain, where it becomes the olfactory lobes, while the archipallium becomes rolled over at the medial dorsal edge to form the hippocampus. In placental mammals, a corpus callosum also develops, further connecting the two hemispheres. The complex convolutions of the cerebral surface (see gyrus, gyrification) are also found only in higher mammals.[6] Although some large mammals (such as elephants) have particularly large cerebra, dolphins are the only species (other than humans) to have cerebra accounting for as much as 2 percent of their body weight.[7]

text: The cerebrum of birds are similarly enlarged to those of mammals, by comparison with reptiles. The increased size of bird brains was classically attributed to enlarged basal ganglia, with the other areas remaining primitive, but this view has been largely abandoned.[8] Birds appear to have undergone an alternate process of encephalization,[9] as they diverged from the other archosaurs, with few clear parallels to that experienced by mammals and their therapsid ancestors.

text: Additional images[edit]

text:
Cerebrum. Lateral face. Deep dissection.

Cerebrum. Medial face. Deep dissection.

tag: ul


document_title: That's So Raven (season 4)

question_text: the very last episode of that's so raven

question_tokens: the very last episode of that 's so raven

text: That's So Raven (season 4)

text: Production[edit]

text: The season was filmed from July 15, 2005 to January 13, 2006 and Raven-Symoné is credited as one of the show's producers.

text: Cast[edit]

text:
Raven-Symoné as Raven Baxter
Orlando Brown as Eddie Thomas
Anneliese van der Pol as Chelsea Daniels
Kyle Massey as Cory Baxter
Rondell Sheridan as Victor Baxter

text: Intro[edit]

text: The intro begins with Raven-Symoné showing shows, then it goes over to Orlando Brown then Kyle Massey and to Anneliese van der Pol after that it shows Rondell Sheridan. Then they are all (except for Tanya) seen on the stairs where the executive producers title pops up with Marc Warren and Dennis Rinsler's names instead of Sean McNamara and David Brookwell's names. T'Keyah Crystal Keymáh has been removed from the intro (having left during the previous season). In addition, when Raven is bumped with the show's font, she yells "Oh snap!"

text: Production staff[edit]

text:
Marc Warren - executive producer
Dennis Rinsler - executive producer
Michael Carrington - co-executive producer
Michael Feldman - supervising producer
Al Sonja Rice - consulting producer
Patty Gary Cox - co-executive producer
Raven-Symone - producer

text: Episodes[edit]

text:
No.
overall
No. in
season
Title
Directed by
Written by
Original air date
Prod.
code
U.S. viewers
(millions)

79
1
"Raven, Sydney and the Man"
Rich Correll
Marc Warren
February 20, 2006 (2006-02-20)
403
4.5[1]

Raven, Chelsea, and Eddie volunteer to run clubs for Mrs. Valentine's class at the Community Center. While there, Raven must deal with mentoring an obnoxious little girl named Sydney. Raven finds out that Sydney never knew her real parents, and eventually they grow a sisterly bond.

80
2
"Pin Pals"
Rich Correll
Dennis Rinsler
February 24, 2006 (2006-02-24)
401
TBA

The episode begins with Victor talking to Raven and Cory about taking responsibility in the Baxter house since Tanya is in England. Raven must choose between going with Chelsea and Eddie for a bowling tournament, or sneaking into world-famous fashion designer Donna Cabonna's (Anne-Marie Johnson) fashion show to show off her designs. She chooses to go to the fashion show, and ends up "saving the night"...before she destroys it. She then becomes an intern for Donna Cabonna. In this episode, it is revealed that Raven's mother, Tanya Baxter, left to study law in England.

81
3
"Dues and Don'ts"
Rich Correll
Theresa Akana &
Stacee Comage
March 3, 2006 (2006-03-03)
404
TBA

Raven has a vision that she will get an awesome office on her first day at work as an intern for Donna Cabonna (Anne-Marie Johnson), and she decides to brag about it. Muffy doubts Raven's words and Chelsea later invites Muffy, Señorita Rodriguez, and the entire Spanish class, much to Raven's dismay. Raven arrives at her first day of work and finds out her "private office" is actually Donna's office room, Chelsea accidentally locks Raven out of Donna's office room that they have a party. Cory and Eddie accidentally destroyed the kitchen after they was fight having a ticket. When Raven's unexpected visitors threaten to ruin Donna's office room and Raven kicks them out, but not before knocking Donna's prized sculpture off the center. Donna returns and Raven tries to hide the tilted art from her. Tiffany unexpectedly "saves the day" by accidentally breaking the sculpture and therefore taking the heat from Donna.
Absent: Rondell Sheridan as Victor Baxter

82
4
"Unhappy Medium"
Rich Correll
Josh Lynn & Danny Warren
March 17, 2006 (2006-03-17)
407
TBA

Teen actress Nicky Logan (Brooke Lyons) arrives at Bayside High School to shoot a new movie. But when Raven had a vision that Nicky gonna get choked by eating taffy, she saves her from it. She asks Raven how does she know this will occurs, but when she said she is a psychic, Nicky had confessed that she's playing the psychic character in a new movie and asks that if Raven would mind to be one of Nicky's pointers. Raven would be happy to help, if means joining Nicky's circle. She acts like a psychic that talks to the dead. Then Raven brainwashes Nicky. But then she had a vision that this will cause Nicky to be fired on the set. Nicky said that if her performance had met with positive reviews, she'll allows Raven to come along to Malibu, but Raven was worried about her vision and she started planning how to save Nicky from be fired. She tells her on the set but it turns out that Raven is gonna get fired. She tries to explain to Nicky but she doesn't care and she said that Raven can't come along to Malibu, leaving Raven heartbroken. Then Raven had the third vision that Nicky's performance will be meeting negative reviews and the news anchor announces that her beach house in Malibu will be taken away. Since Raven thinks Nicky deserves it, she didn't tell her.

83
5
"Adventures in Boss-Sitting"
Eric Dean Seaton
Jessica Lopez
March 24, 2006 (2006-03-24)
406
TBA

Donna Cabonna makes Raven her temporary assistant while Tiffany is out of town. Devon returns to San Francisco for one night and Raven is planning on a romantic date, but Donna Cabonna shows up at Raven's doorstep in tears because her boyfriend broke up with her. Raven must juggle both Devon and Donna, running up and down the stairs, catering to Donna's every whim while trying to have a nice night with Devon. Donna breaks down again, and Cocoa runs down the stairs with the head of a bear that Devon got Raven. Devon finds out that Raven has been hiding Donna upstairs, and gets angry and breaks up with Raven. Meanwhile, Cory goes on a date with a girl named Brittany. At the movie he sees Cindy, his ex-girlfriend, who is also on a date with a boy. The date doesn't turn out all that well, and Cory finds himself wanting to get back together with Cindy. Cindy, Devon, and Teddy, all come to the door and each relationship is rekindled.
Absent: Rondell Sheridan as Victor Baxter

84
6
"Hook Up My Space"
Rich Correll
Michael Feldman
March 31, 2006 (2006-03-31)
408
TBA

Raven feels that her room is not big enough. When she gets a vision of Cory asking Victor if he can move his band to the basement, Raven interrupts her brother. She gets to Victor first. This makes Cory furious, and he uses the television makeover show Hook Up My Space to make Raven's room just how she hates it, instead of the way she wants it. Even though Raven gets embarrassed on national television, Cory later makes over her new room exactly how she wants it, Chelsea accidentally puts the big paper at Raven on the wall. Meanwhile, Victor and Eddie decide they need to work out after finding it too hard to lift a box of Raven's stuffed animals and pillows. This leads them to move Victor's old weights up to Raven's old room to exercise.

85
7
"Driving Miss Lazy"
Eric Dean Seaton
Michael Carrington
April 21, 2006 (2006-04-21)
405
TBA

Eddie, gets his driver's license, and he decides to buy a car with Raven and Chelsea. Raven and Chelsea boss Eddie around by creating a "voting" system—tilted in their favor—and even painting their beloved car pink. After being their valet for too long, Eddie takes a drive to the countryside by himself. Sheriff Jefferson (Tim Reid) arrests Eddie on suspicion of being "The Pink Bandit", who is responsible for a string of recent burglaries in the area. Eddie enlists Raven's help, and she uses a disguise to assist her friend. Back at home, Stanley sells Cory cologne that he says will attract girls, but it turns out to attract dogs.
Absent: Rondell Sheridan as Victor Baxter

86
8
"Be Prepared"
Debbie Allen
Marc Warren
May 12, 2006 (2006-05-12)
413
TBA

Raven agrees to help her boss, Donna Cabonna, shoot a public service announcement commercial/music video about emergency preparedness. Raven gets boy band Boyz 'N Motion to shoot the video, but the trio begin to turn against each other, and then break up. Raven and the others start to panic when the alarm in the office goes off, and they do not know how to exit the building safely. California's Former First Lady, Maria Shriver, guest stars.

87
9
"Juicer Consequences"
Rich Correll
Michael Feldman
June 24, 2006 (2006-06-24)
402
TBA

Raven and Chelsea get into a huge fight because Raven only thinks about herself, and never listens to others. Meanwhile, Cory starts junior high school, and becomes a business partner with a bully named "The Juicer". Then at school, Raven has a vision where Cory gets juiced. So she must tell Cory at his junior high school.
Absent: Orlando Brown as Eddie Thomas

88
10
"Sister Act"
Marc Warren
Michael Feldman
July 8, 2006 (2006-07-08)
412
TBA

Raven and Sydney enter a beauty pageant to raise money for the Community Center. Things get personal when Muffy and her younger sister, Buffy, also enter the pageant. This causes Raven and Muffy to become too competitive, leading to everyone in the room quarreling—even Chelsea, Eddie, Stanley, Cory, Victor, and the audience. When Raven has a vision of Sydney releasing the rope that holds a giant globe that will fall on Buffy during the fight, she stops everyone from fighting. However, all 4 of the girls are immediately "disqualified for starting a fight".

89
11
"Checkin' Out"
(Part one of "That's So Suite Life of Hannah Montana")
Rich Correll
Story by: Michael Carrington
Teleplay by: Edward C. Evans &
Al Sonja L. Rice
July 28, 2006 (2006-07-28)
422
7.1[2]

Raven must organize an important photo-shoot for Donna Cabonna at the Tipton Hotel in Boston, however she messes up when she lands Pistache in Italy and the models still stuck halfway around the world in Budaprogoslovakia. However things turn to worst when Raven's Secretec's alarm has the wrong time so she misses her flight back to San Francisco. Meanwhile, Eddie and Cory use Chelsea's paddleballs to get money by having her break records. They think that it will be easy, until the defending paddleball champion—Stanley—shows up.
Note: This was a crossover with The Suite Life of Zack & Cody and Hannah Montana.

90
12
"Fur Better or Worse"
Eric Dean Seaton
Deborah Swisher
August 5, 2006 (2006-08-05)
410
TBA

Raven shows Donna Cabonna her sketches for their new fall clothing line. Donna likes her designs, but thinks that they would be better with a fur collar on them. Raven quickly tells her best friend, Chelsea, about her "good news". Chelsea, along with her Friendly Earth Society Club members, protest the use of real animal fur in clothing, resulting Raven and Chelsea's friendship turning sour. Meanwhile, Stanley creates—and sells—a gadget to Eddie and Cory that uses pick-up lines to attract women. What Stanley didn't tell them that it DID NOT attract women, but it hit on them, thus resulting in Eddie being whacked by women with purses.

91
13
"Mad Hot Cotillion"
Rich Correll
Michael Carrington
August 12, 2006 (2006-08-12)
415
TBA

Cory gives advice about getting girls to "The Juicer", who has his eyes on a beautiful new transfer student, Kayla. "The Juicer" gets angry when he finds out she really likes Cory. Meanwhile, Raven is grounded for a week for being late for her great aunt's 80th birthday celebration (following a vision of Chelsea and Eddie needing help in a Mexican restaurant), and she quickly goes mad from loneliness.

92
14
"When 6021 Met 4267"
Eric Dean Seaton
Dennis Rinsler
August 18, 2006 (2006-08-18)
411
TBA

When Raven is having a party, she can't find a date to go with, so she uses the school's internet dating service to find out a compatible match. Raven finds out her true soul mate is Eddie, and then has a vision that their lives will be horrible when they grow up if they stay together. Because of this, she breaks up with Eddie. During the party they share a kiss, in which they seem to feel no spark from. In the last scene they share one more kiss, and there they both deny any feeling of a spark, but both of them end up showing that they liked the kiss and may have feelings for each other even though they decided to just be friends.

93
15
"Soup to Nuts"
Rich Correll
Story by: Michael Feldman
Teleplay by: Dennis Rinsler &
Marc Warren
August 25, 2006 (2006-08-25)
421
TBA

Raven hurts Principal Stuckerman, sending him to the hospital. She has a vision that Stuckerman is going to retire the next day, so she tries to avoid him the whole day by playing sick. Her grandma's soup causes her to have strange dreams, placing her in strange situations..

94
16
"Members Only"
Rich Correll
Theresa Akana &
Stacee Comage
September 15, 2006 (2006-09-15)
414
TBA

Raven and Chelsea pretend to be Eddie's girlfriends, so he can get into a hot new club called "The Sigmas". Things get ugly when the club's leaders, Dylan and Jordan, find out that Eddie is scamming them. Meanwhile, Cory and Victor try to find a cricket that Cory accidentally lets loose in the house.

95
17
"The Ice Girl Cometh"
Rich Correll
Al Sonja L. Rice
September 22, 2006 (2006-09-22)
409
TBA

Chelsea and her mother (Amy Yasbeck) invite Raven to join them on a mother/daughter retreat that they have every year since Tanya is in England. Raven initially cringes at that idea, but when she has a vision of meeting a cute guy named Brent, she quickly changes her mind. Meanwhile, Cory's band, "Cory and the Boys", takes drastic action to get radio DJ Mitch (Dorien Wilson), Victor's old friend, to get their music played on the radio.

96
18
"Rae of Sunshine"
Eric Dean Seaton
Lanny Horn
October 6, 2006 (2006-10-06)
418
TBA

Raven unwittingly hosts a slumber party at her house for Sydney's new club, the local Bayside Sunshine Girls, and everything turns into a complete disaster. Meanwhile, Cory takes Eddie and Chelsea to the movies, and has to deal with their loudness. Despite Eddie and Chelsea making all the noise, it is Cory who gets kicked out of the theater for being too loud.
Absent: Rondell Sheridan as Victor Baxter

97
19
"The Dress is Always Greener"
Eric Dean Seaton
Deborah Swisher
November 25, 2006 (2006-11-25)
416
TBA

Raven is getting very annoyed with Donna Cabonna because she wants to be a fashion designer, not a maid. Then, Donna's ex-best friend (but now arch-enemy), Lora Stelladora (Kathy Najimy), moves into the office upstairs, and offers Raven a job as a fashion designer. Raven quickly finds that she has to deal with two bosses. Meanwhile, Cory and Eddie try to profit on Chelsea's potato that resembles Abraham Lincoln.
Note: This is Rondell Sheridan's last appearance as Victor Baxter in That's So Raven. Sheridan will reprise his role as Victor Baxter in Cory in the House.

98
20
"Teacher's Pet"
Rondell Sheridan
Al Sonja L. Rice
January 15, 2007 (2007-01-15)
417
TBA

Raven's scheme to get an exam postponed gets the new, hip young history teacher fired. Meanwhile, Cory auditions girls to find a new lead singer for his band, but "The Juicer" insists that he will be the new singer because he "sings like an angel".
Note: This episode—and the two episodes that follow—aired after Cory in the House had already premiered.
Absent: Rondell Sheridan as Victor Baxter

99
21
"The Way We Were"
Eric Dean Seaton
Story by: Deborah Swisher
Teleplay by: Theresa Akana &
Stacee Comage
March 2, 2007 (2007-03-02)
420
TBA

Raven and Chelsea throw Eddie a surprise birthday party, and invite both of his divorced parents (Geoffrey Owens and Rae Dawn Chong), who—Eddie suspects—will get back together. However, Eddie quickly finds out about the party from Chelsea, of course.
Notes: Although this episode is the series finale, it did not air as the last. It was aired eight months before "Where There's Smoke" and over a year after it was shot (January 2006). When Raven explains her vision about Eddie's parents to him, he asks "You sure you weren't just watching The Cosby Show?", on which Raven-Symone and guest-star Geoffrey Owens were cast members.
Absent: Rondell Sheridan as Victor Baxter

100
22
"Where There's Smoke"
Eric Dean Seaton
Edward C. Evans
November 10, 2007 (2007-11-10)
419
5.5[3]

Raven suspects that Cory has started smoking when she finds a pack of cigarettes in Cory's shirt pocket which gets him in trouble, but he is really hiding them from his girlfriend, Cindy, so she does not smoke them.
Absent: Rondell Sheridan as Victor Baxter

tag: table


document_title: Sing (2016 American film)

question_text: who does the voice of the elephant in sing

text: Sing (2016 American film)

text: Plot[edit]

text: In a world of anthropomorphic animals, koala Buster Moon owns a theater, having been interested in show business since his father took him to his first music show as a child. Following financial problems brought up by the bank representative Judith, he tells his wealthy friend Eddie that he will host a singing competition with a prize of $1,000. But Buster's assistant, Miss Crawly, accidentally appends two extra zeroes, and the promotional fliers showing $100,000 are blown out of Buster's office into the city streets.

text: Animals from all around the city gather for auditions. Those selected include housewife and mother of 25 piglets Rosita; street musician mouse Mike; mobster's son gorilla Johnny; and punk-rock porcupine Ash. Shy teenage elephant Meena fails her audition out of stage fright, while Ash's boyfriend Lance is dismissed from the contest. Rosita is paired with another contestant, an exuberant pig named Gunter, for a dance routine. Although Buster discovers the flyers show a prize of $100,000 (money he does not have), he remains optimistic. Buster convinces Eddie to arrange a visit with Eddie's grandmother, former opera singer and theater actress Nana Noodleman, to persuade her to sponsor the prize money. She is hesitant to contribute but agrees to see a private screening of the show.

text: Encouraged by her grandfather, Meena tries to ask Buster for another chance, but becomes his stage hand instead. When one of the acts quits, and another is injured, Meena is added as an act. The performers' individual problems begin to hinder rehearsals: Rosita flounders in her dance routine with Gunter, after having been distracted by her parenting duties that have fallen into disarray. After discovering Lance with a new girlfriend and evicting them from her apartment, Ash is devastated and can no longer sing her assigned song, Carly Rae Jepsen's "Call Me Maybe." Johnny is torn between having to help his father as the driver of a getaway car in a heist and making the practices. When he tries to do both, he does not show up for the planned pickup in time, and his father and his gang are arrested. Meena does not get any help in overcoming her stage fright, and Mike, certain that the prize money is as good as his, buys a fancy car to impress a female mouse, and then swindles a group of bears in a card game at a nightclub.

text: The day of the screening, the bears interrupt the show, demanding the money from Mike, who in turn, points to Buster. The bears open the chest containing the prize money, but it is nowhere near $100,000. The glass tank full of luminescent squids that Buster got to light up the theater breaks under all their weight, flooding the theater, which then comes crashing down. With the lot repossessed by Judith, Buster, who had been living in his theater's office desk, takes up residence at Eddie's place (his parents' pool house). Although the contestants (besides Mike, who saw Buster as a fraud) visit him and try to cheer him up, Buster is too despondent to listen to them. He tries to start over by opening a car wash, using the same bucket that his father had used to earn money for Buster's theater.

text: When Meena goes to the theater's rubble lot and sings Leonard Cohen's "Hallelujah," Buster hears her and is inspired to reinstate the show without the prize money. They perform on a makeshift stage on the lot in front of Rosita and Meena's family members. As Rosita and Gunter perform Taylor Swift's "Shake It Off," more animals are attracted to the scene as the show is broadcast on the news. Johnny's rendition of Elton John's "I'm Still Standing" impresses his father, who then escapes from prison to reconcile with him. Despite an interruption by Judith, Ash sings her original rock song "Set It All Free." Mike returns to the show and sings Frank Sinatra's "My Way." Meena finally overcomes her fears and sings Stevie Wonder's "Don't You Worry 'bout a Thing," which literally brings down the house. The show becomes a success and impresses Nana, who was in the audience. Nana buys the lot and the theater is rebuilt and reopened.

text: Voice cast[edit]

text:
Matthew McConaughey as Buster Moon, an optimistic koala who plans to save his theater from closure by holding a singing competition.[3][5]
Reese Witherspoon as Rosita, a pig who gave up her teenage music dreams to become a devoted wife to Norman, and mother to their 25 piglets.[5]
Seth MacFarlane as Mike, an arrogant street musician mouse with a big Frank Sinatra-esque voice.[5]
Scarlett Johansson as Ash, a teenage porcupine punk rocker who takes part in an alternative-rock music duo with her boyfriend Lance.[1][5]
John C. Reilly as Eddie Noodleman, a sheep and Buster's friend who doubts the future of the theater.[5][6]
Tori Kelly as Meena, a teenage elephant with an exquisite singing voice and severe stage fright.[5]
Taron Egerton as Johnny, a teenage gorilla who wants to sing, though his father would rather have him follow his criminal footsteps.[5]
Jennifer Saunders as Nana Noodleman, a sheep and Eddie's grandmother who was a singer in her glory days.[7][8]

Jennifer Hudson[1] as Young Nana

Garth Jennings as Miss Crawly, an elderly iguana with a glass eye who is Buster's administrative assistant.[1]
Peter Serafinowicz as Big Daddy, a gorilla gang leader who wants his son Johnny to follow in his crime business.[1]
Nick Kroll as Gunter, a passionate dancing pig who is partnered with Rosita for the show.[9][7]
Beck Bennett as Lance, a porcupine and Ash's boyfriend.[1]
Jay Pharoah[7] as Meena's grandfather who pressures her to overcome her stage fright.
Nick Offerman[7] as Norman, a pig and Rosita's husband.
Leslie Jones as Meena's mother
Rhea Perlman as Judith,[1][10] a brown llama from the bank who warns Buster that his theater will be repossessed if he does not pay.
Laraine Newman as Meena's grandmother
Adam Buxton as Stan, a gorilla who is a member of Big Daddy's gang.
Brad Morris as Baboon, whom Mike attacks for not donating more money to his street performances.
Bill Farmer as News Reporter Dog, who documents Buster's singing competition.

text: The voices of Rosita's piglet children were provided by Oscar, Leo, Caspar, and Asa Jennings, the children of Garth Jennings, the film's writer and director. Jennings had directors Edgar Wright and Wes Anderson provide "additional voices", continuing a tradition of the three friends appearing in each other's films.[11]

text: Production[edit]

text: In January 2014, it was announced that Garth Jennings would write and direct an animated comedy film for Universal Pictures and Illumination Entertainment, about "courage, competition and carrying a tune,"[12] which was originally titled Lunch,[13] and then retitled as Sing.[5]

text: On January 14, 2015, Matthew McConaughey was cast in the film's lead voice role.[3] Chris Meledandri and Janet Healy produced the film.[3] On June 17, 2015, it was confirmed that McConaughey's character is named Buster and that John C. Reilly would voice Eddie, a sheep and Buster's best friend.[6] In November 2015, it was announced that Reese Witherspoon, Seth MacFarlane, Scarlett Johansson, Tori Kelly and Taron Egerton had joined the cast of the film.[5]

text: The film features 65 pop songs, the rights to which cost 15 percent of the film's $75 million budget.[14] The animation was created entirely in France by Illumination MacGuff.[15]

text: Soundtrack[edit]

text: A soundtrack album for the film was released on December 21, 2016.

text: Release[edit]

text: The almost complete[16] film was screened as a work in progress beginning September 11, 2016 at the Toronto International Film Festival.[17] Universal Studios released the film on December 21, 2016.[18]

text: Home media[edit]

text: Sing was released on Blu-ray, Blu-ray 3D, Ultra HD Blu-ray and DVD on March 21, 2017. It includes three short films: Gunter Babysits, Love at First Sight, and Eddie's Life Coach.[19]

text:
In Gunter Babysits, Gunter offers to watch over Rosita and Norman's piglets while they are away as he works to prove himself to be a good babysitter.
In Love at First Sight, Johnny sets Miss Crawly up with an online dating website where she manages to score a date with a lizard named Herman.
In Eddie's Life Coach, Eddie's mother sets Eddie up for a digital training seminar where he will be assigned to a dachshund named Garry "The Winner" Wishman.

text: Reception[edit]

text: Box office[edit]

text: Sing grossed $270.3 million in the United States and Canada, and $363.8 million in other territories, for a worldwide total of $634.1 million, against a production budget of $75 million.[2] Deadline.com calculated the net profit of the film to be $194.2 million, when factoring together all expenses and revenue for the film, making it the 7th most profitable release of 2016.[20]

text: In North America, the film opened alongside Passengers and Assassin's Creed, and was expected to gross around $70 million from 4,022 theaters over its first six days of release.[21] The film made $1.7 million during its Tuesday night previews.[22] It went on to gross $35.2 million in its opening weekend (a six-day total of $75.5 million), finishing second at the box office behind Rogue One: A Star Wars Story, which was in its second week.[23] Sing holds the record for being the highest-grossing film to never finish first at the North American box office, besting My Big Fat Greek Wedding ($241.4 million in 2002).[24]

text: Critical response[edit]

text: On the aggregate site Rotten Tomatoes, the film has an approval rating of 73% based on 168 reviews, and an average rating of 6.5/10. The site's critical consensus reads, "Sing delivers colorfully animated, cheerfully undemanding entertainment with a solid voice cast and a warm-hearted – albeit familiar – storyline that lives up to its title."[25] On Metacritic, the film has a weighted average score of 59 out of 100 based on 37 critics, indicating "mixed or average reviews."[26] Audiences polled by CinemaScore gave the film an average grade of "A" on an A+ to F scale.[27]

text: Brian Truitt of USA Today gave the film three-and-a-half out of four stars and wrote, "In a year full of talking-animal hits, Sing isn't quite as strong a number. It's a tale that might not be particularly thought-provoking but sure is toe-tapping."[28] In her review for the Los Angeles Times, Katie Walsh called Sing, "a cute movie with genuinely funny moments (keep an eye out for the koala car wash), and some great tunes to boot."[29] The Arizona Republic's Bill Goodykoontz was rather mixed about the movie in his review and overall said, "Sing is like an album with a good song here and there, but too much filler and not enough hits."[30] Reviewing the version of the film screened at the Toronto International Film Festival, Stefan Pape of the British website HeyUGuys gave the film a mixed review of 2/5, stating that "Garth Jennings's Sing effectively acknowledges early on that it's following a completely unoriginal formula, and yet carries on regardless."[31] While Peter Debruge of Variety, who also saw the film during the same festival, did not find the subplots to have any "profound life lessons," he overall praised Jennings' direction, the cast's voice performances and the film's silliness.[32]

text: Accolades[edit]

text:
List of awards and nominations

Award
Date of ceremony
Category
Recipient(s)
Result
Ref(s)

AARP Annual Movies for Grownups Awards
February 6, 2017
Best Movie for Grownups who Refuse to Grow Up
Sing
Nominated
[33]

Annie Awards
February 4, 2017
Outstanding Achievement, Music in an Animated Feature Production
Joby Talbot
[34]

Golden Globe Awards
January 8, 2017
Best Animated Feature Film
Sing
[35]

Best Original Song
"Faith" – Ryan Tedder, Stevie Wonder and Francis Farewell Starlite

Hollywood Music in Media Awards
November 17, 2016
Best Song – Animated Film
[36][37]

Best Soundtrack Album
Sing: Original Motion Picture Soundtrack

Outstanding Music Supervision – Film
Jojo Villanueva
Won

Nickelodeon Kids' Choice Awards
March 11, 2017
Favorite Animated Movie
Sing
Nominated
[38]

Favorite Voice From an Animated Movie
Reese Witherspoon

Most Wanted Pet

Favorite Soundtrack
Sing

Saturn Awards
June 28, 2017
Best Animated Film
Nominated
[39]

text: Sequel[edit]

text: Universal and Illumination have announced plans for a sequel, tentatively titled Sing 2, slated for December 25, 2020.[40]


document_title: Just Add Magic (TV series)

question_text: when does season 2 of just add magic come out

text: Just Add Magic (TV series)

text: Premise[edit]

text: Amateur preteen chefs Kelly, Darbie, and Hannah discover an ancient recipe book while searching for Kelly's brother in the attic. The recipes they find inside have strange names like "Shut'em Up Shortcake" and "Healing Hazelnut Tart" and require unusual ingredients, such as "Cedronian vanilla" and "Taurian thyme". When Kelly's brother eats a bite of the shortcake and can no longer talk, the three friends realize they are dealing with magic spells. After Darbie cannot stop talking, they also realize the spells come with a consequence.[6]

text: Kelly, Darbie, and Hannah investigate how the magical recipes work and face the temptations of using magic to help overcome the everyday challenges of being middle school girls. But Kelly has one overriding goal: Find the magical recipe that will fix her grandmother's mysterious illness, even if it means crossing creepy Mamma P or scary Ms. Silvers.[6]

text: Cast and characters[edit]

text: Main[edit]

text:
Olivia Sanabia as Kelly Quinn
Abby Donnelly as Darbie O'Brien
Aubrey Miller as Hannah Parker-Kent
Judah Bellamy as Jake Williams
Catia Ojeda as Terri Quinn
Andrew Burlinson as Scott Quinn
Dee Wallace as Grandma Becky Quinn
Amy Hill as Ida "Mama P" Perez
Ellen Karsten as Ms. Gina Silvers

text: Recurring[edit]

text:
Mira Furlan as The Traveler
Zach Callison as Chuck
Jeremy Guskin as RJ

text: Series overview[edit]

text:
Season
Episodes
Originally released

First released
Last released

1
13
January 15, 2015 (2015-01-15)
January 14, 2016 (2016-01-14)

2
26
13
October 14, 2016 (2016-10-14)
January 12, 2017 (2017-01-12)[7]

13[5]
January 19, 2018 (2018-01-19)[5]
January 19, 2018 (2018-01-19)

text: Episodes[edit]

text: Season 1 (2015–16)[edit]

text:
No.
overall
No. in
season
Title
Directed by
Written by
Original release date

1
1
"Just Add Magic"
Joe Nussbaum
Nancy Cohen, Joanna Lewis & Kristine Songco
January 15, 2015 (2015-01-15)

Three friends, Kelly, Darbie, and Hannah discover a cookbook in the attic, whose recipes have magical effects. Kelly's grandmother is seemingly confused; she rarely speaks or does anything active, but no one seems to know why.

2
2
"Just Add Brains"
Joe Menendez
Andrew Orenstein
January 14, 2016 (2016-01-14)

The girls make Brain Boosting Bolognese to help with school and to understand the cookbook. But being know-it-alls has an unfortunate downside. The girls learn that the cookbook is seemingly infinite: trying to read through it they never seem to get any nearer to the last page. Also, three pages are torn out and missing, and the cookbook sometimes flips to a page on its own when the girls express their wish to accomplish a specific purpose. The girls learn that Kelly's grandmother, Mama P, and Ms. Silvers were once young friends just like Kelly, Hannah, and Darbie, and that a strange woman named The Traveler gave them the cookbook.

3
3
"Just Add Dogs"
Joe Nussbaum
TBA
January 14, 2016 (2016-01-14)

To find a lost dog, the three friends cook up Lost and Found-ue, but end up attracting everything that has been lost in the neighborhood. The three missing pages from the cookbook float into Kelly's bedroom. One of the items they return is a silver charm bracelet to Ms. Silvers, who says that it has been missing for many years. Later, she opens one of the charms and plants a seed from within it.

4
4
"Just Add Mom"
TBA
John-Paul Nickel
January 14, 2016 (2016-01-14)

Wanting more information from Mama P, the girls make Bitter Truth Truffle. However, Kelly's mom eats one first. Kelly goes out with her mom to keep her from causing problems with her truth-telling. Hannah and Darbie both eat a truffle and find that telling the truth to each other isn't so bad, although they agree that without Kelly, they probably wouldn't be friends. Jake comes over, and unable to lie, they tell him all about the book and magic. They make him promise not to tell anyone. They get Mama P to eat a truffle, but before they can ask her anything, she eats a second one, which ends the spell's effect on her. Mama P cooks a spell and tries to leave town, but a mysterious wind prevents her from crossing the town border.

5
5
"Just Add Jake"
Joe Menendez
Lauren Thompson
January 14, 2016 (2016-01-14)

Not believing in magic, Jake mentions the cookbook to Mama P, and she steals it. But when she tries to look through it, all the pages go blank. The girls try to convince Jake that magic is real by trying out three random magical recipes on him, so that he'll help them get the cookbook back.

6
6
"Just Add Birthdays"
Elodie Keene
Sarah Carbiener & Erica Rosbe
January 14, 2016 (2016-01-14)

Kelly and Hannah make a cake for Darbie when they forget her birthday. They also make cookies with carob chips Mama P gave them several episodes earlier. Those who eat the cookies start acting much younger than normal.

7
7
"Just Add Mama P"
Elodie Keene
Andrew Orenstein
January 14, 2016 (2016-01-14)

Convinced Mama P knows more than she's letting on, the girls whip up some Mind Peering Peppermints. They hear nothing suspicious in her thoughts, which leads them to trust her. They try to read Ms. Silvers's mind, and she immediately turns to them and tells them not to try it.

8
8
"Just Add Besties"
Joe Nussbaum
Luisa Leschin
January 14, 2016 (2016-01-14)

Mama P mentors Kelly's magic cooking skills, while Darbie and Hannah try to get a reclusive author's autograph by cooking a spell that makes her their BFF. Mama P makes Kelly organize all the ingredients in her secret room, and then curses her and challenges her to overcome it without resorting to the cookbook. After a false start in which she invents a new spell, she does overcome the curse. The BFF spell works too well, and Darbie and Hannah's attempt to end the spell fails. When they describe what they did, Kelly intuitively knows how to end the spell, and does. Mama P tells Ms. Silvers that Kelly has "the gift" just like her grandmother did, and Ms. Silvers warns Mama P not to make her curse Kelly the way she cursed Mama P.

9
9
"Just Add Do-Overs"
Keith Samples
John-Paul Nickel
January 14, 2016 (2016-01-14)

The girls learn that long ago The Traveler gave Mama P, Ms. Silvers, and grandma each a morbium root seed; morbium makes any recipe a thousand times more powerful. Mama P says hers is long gone, but the girls realize that Ms. Silvers's was in the charm bracelet they returned to her. Hannah takes a piano lesson from Ms. Silvers to try to recover the seed, but things go wrong: Kelly's brother breaks a lamp while under Kelly's care, Darbie's school project goes wrong, and Ms. Silvers catches Hannah and kicks her out.
So the three girls cook up a "do-over" spell that resets time so they can try again. On the third try Darbie's school project is a great success, Kelly realizes that her brother is acting out because he wants to spend time with her, and Hannah finds that Ms. Silvers's charm bracelet is empty, but also finds a scrapbook filled with newspaper clippings about bad things that have happened around town. Mama P tells the girls that it is a listing of the curses Ms. Silvers has enacted.

10
10
"Just Add Memories"
Vanessa Parise
Lauren Thompson
January 14, 2016 (2016-01-14)

Grandma, Mama P, and Ms. Silvers all have photos of Chuck Hankins, a boy from when they were young. The girls find that he went missing a long time ago. Kelly cooks a Pho-get Me Not spell to examine her memories of the day her grandmother got sick, hoping to find some clue as to what caused it, but eating the Pho-get Me Not makes her lose time and memories. She sees that her grandmother wanted to talk to her that day, but that she was too busy to talk to her grandmother. She sees that when her grandmother was driving her to a basketball tryout, Ms. Silvers walked up holding a box of ingredients that the girls later found in the attic. Willie Thompson, a man the girls helped previously, tells Hannah that Chuck disappeared from a Ferris Wheel, and that Chuck was dating Ms. Silvers, but that he went out with Grandma. The girls trade notes, and learn that on her last good day, Kelly's grandmother went to the Cedros Forest.

11
11
"Just Add Camping"
Keith Samples
Sarah Carbiener & Erica Rosbe
January 14, 2016 (2016-01-14)

Suspecting a clue to Kelly's grandmother's malady hides deep in the forest, the girls set up a Father/Daughter camping trip. While there they face their fears, and then meet The Traveler, who tells them that magic can heal Kelly's grandmother if they are willing to pay the price. Later, the book flips open to a recipe that can break any curse, but the negative consequences will make things much worse.

12
12
"Just Add Pluots Part 1"
Joe Nussbaum
Luisa Leschin
January 14, 2016 (2016-01-14)

The girls consult with Mama P about the recipe that will break the curse. At first she says it's too dangerous, but then she suggests that making more and having many people eat the results will dilute the negative consequences over all of them. Hannah gets Kelly grounded by her parents, worried that the magical price will be too high. Kelly escapes grounding by cooking a spell to make Darbie look like her. Hannah and Kelly argue at Mama P's, and Hannah realizes that all the things in the scrapbook would benefit Mama P, not Ms. Silvers. She meets Ms. Silvers and they discuss Mama P's plans. Ms. Silvers reveals that she too is cursed: outside her house, no one can hear her play music.
Darbie tries to stop Mama P, but Mama P locks Darbie in her secret ingredient room and eats the first bite of the magic recipe, so her curse will be broken, rather than Kelly's grandmother's. Kelly goes home and gets yelled at by her mother, but manages to give her grandmother what she thinks is the first bite.

13
13
"Just Add Pluots Part 2"
Joe Nussbaum
Andrew Orenstein
January 14, 2016 (2016-01-14)

In 1965, Rebecca Quinn (Kelly's grandmother) is on the Ferris Wheel with Chuck. He takes a bite of a candy apple, and disappears. The three girls argue. Gina Silvers says the spell was just supposed to keep Chuck away from magic. Ida Perez (Mama P) asks if Rebecca got the Morbium seed back, saying that Chuck stole it. Rebecca promises Gina that they'll get Chuck back.
In the present, Kelly's dad lets Kelly go to the Pluot Festival because they are sending his mother away to New York for treatment and he wants the family to be together. Ms. Silvers shows up at the Pluot festival, but won't get involved and advises Hannah to abandon her friends and run away to avoid the consequences.
Jake and Hannah free Darbie, and mix a magic protection protein shake. At the Pluot Festival, Kelly refuses to drink the shake and pours it out. She gives her grandmother what she thinks is the last bite of the recipe, but it does nothing. Mama P goes on stage and tells off the town. Jake gives Kelly his shake, so she can be protected. Mama P eats the actual last bite, and the entire town freezes in place except for the girls and Mama P – and Ms. Silvers.
The two old women bicker about who is to blame. Mama P and Ms. Silvers tell the girls that Kelly's grandmother isn't innocent either – that after they cursed each other, she threw the book over a waterfall to get rid of it, in effect making their curses permanent. Mama P steals Jake's bike to ride out of town, and Ms. Silvers leaves. The girls consult the book, which opens itself to a blank page, which the girls take to mean they need to create their own spell to break the curse. They go to Mama P's ingredient room and realize that they need the properties of three different ingredient families, but mixing them would modify those properties, so they make a layer cake, with each layer producing its own effect. As they bake, the recipe magically appears in the book, in their handwriting. They name it Last Ditch Layer Cake.
As the girls are about to serve the cake, Ms. Silvers shows up with ground Morbium root and tells the girls she was going to use it to break her own curse, but they need it to strengthen the spell. They express confidence in their work and say they don't need it. They eat the cake, and the town starts up. In addition, Grandma is back to normal and Ms. Silvers plays piano on stage and everyone can hear her.
Grandma tells them that she didn't want Kelly and the girls to be endangered by the book, but The Traveler said that the cookbook was no longer hers to give back, because it belonged to the girls. She tried to get rid of the book, tearing out the three pages, but the spell she cast backfired, and in effect she cursed herself.
Grandma and Ms. Silvers realize that if their curses are broken, Chuck's might be as well, and if he's back, no one is safe. The Ferris Wheel stops, and a young man in a leather jacket with rolled up jeans steps off and walks away through the crowd, unnoticed.

text: Season 2 (2016–18)[edit]

text:
No.
overall
No. in
season
Title
Directed by
Written by
Original release date

14
1
"Just Add Halloween"
Joe Nussbaum
Andrew Orenstein
October 14, 2016 (2016-10-14)

15
2
"Just Add Summer"
Joe Nussbaum
Luisa Leschin
January 12, 2017 (2017-01-12)

The Miso Soup spell has no effect, so instead Kelly cooks a "Settle The Beef" spell in an effort to get Chuck to get to them so he can settle his beef with Grandma. However, the spell warns that if the beef is not settled, a bigger problem will arise. Kelly gives the spell to Grandma but after she asks Kelly not to do magic, Kelly does not tell her that the sandwich containing the Settle the Beef was magical. Immediately after eating the sandwich, their neighbor Willie comes over and expresses his anger at Grandma for not inviting her to her wedding. They settle their disagreement. At home, Kelly's mom expresses her anger about Grandma getting the "first ice cream" with Kelly, Darbie asks Grandma not to cheer so much at her basketball games, and Buddy is angry Grandma washed his lucky jersey and claims that is why they lost their most recent game. Later, Grandma is visited by Ms. Silvers who claims she will never forgive Grandma for how she used her Morbium, the magical seed the traveler gave each of them. Then Mama P comes all the way back from her job in Paris and expresses her anger at Grandma as well. She says the only one she regrets her behavior towards is Jake. Kelly realizes the bigger problem in question is the three of them, who just can't seem to be happy. There is a knock on the door, and it opens to reveal Chuck.

16
3
"Just Add Chuck"
Joe Nussbaum
John-Paul Nickel
January 12, 2017 (2017-01-12)

Chuck seems not to remember anything, although the OC's (Original Cooks) refuse to believe anything he says. While they confer, Chuck runs away. Kelly, Darbie, and Hannah cook a trust spell to get Chuck to trust them, but the riddle warns to be sure their "friend needs it more." They help Chuck adjust to modern life, but Kelly loses all of her trust and is suspicious of everything, including Darbie's father's new friend Amy, and Hannah herself. Without her trust she confronts Grandma about how Ms. Silvers claimed she misused her Morbium. The girls manage to restore Kelly's trust, but in doing so bring back some of Chuck's memories. They explain to Grandma that Kelly was under a spell. Grandma claims Chuck stole her Morbium, but the girls realized she was lying.

17
4
"Just Add 1965"
Keith Samples
Lauren Thompson
January 12, 2017 (2017-01-12)

Darbie suspects her parents may be getting back together. The girls use a “If These Walls Could Taco” spell to watch what happened the day the OC's prepared the Can't Recall Caramel and try to figure out why Chuck disappeared. However, everything appears to be normal. The OCs make plans to meet up at a restaurant after the Pluot festival. The girls go there and see them confer about Chuck disappearing. They begin to argue, but bring up nothing suspicious. Later, Darbie uses the spell to see if her parents are truly getting back together but she discovers that they think she's "getting the wrong idea" and that her father is dating Amy, the woman at the park. Darbie is furious and upset. Meanwhile, Chuck saves Buddy from a car, earning Kelly's parents gratitude.

18
5
"Just Add Saphrön"
Keith Samples
Aminta Goyel
January 12, 2017 (2017-01-12)

After Kelly warns him to stay away from her family and the magic cookbook, Chuck manages to create another cookbook using a picture of the girls he obtained from the Quinn attic and begins to alter the original cookbook and steal pages from it to add to his. A new place opens up called The Saphrön, where Darbie, her father and Amy dine for lunch, but Darbie continues to be unhappy about her father and Amy being together. Chuck and Mr. Quinn are also at The Saphrön, prompting Darbie to get Kelly and Hannah over there. Needing something to break her father's trusting Chuck, Kelly looks to a magic spell to spot when someone is lying and asks Hannah to cook. With Ms. Silvers' help, Hannah makes Lemon Lie-m Mints, and though a mint was intended only for Mr. Quinn, Jake and Darbie's father also consume one. Mr. Quinn sees through Chuck's lying, while Darbie's father realizes Amy is untruthful about camping, and Jake, who is looking to work at The Saphrön after deciding to quit Mama P's, is unimpressed with the false objectives laid out by its manager, Noelle. Jake ends up returning to Mama P's but has some working demands.

19
6
"Just Add Fixings"
Joe Nussbaum
Marque Franklin-Williams
January 12, 2017 (2017-01-12)

20
7
"Just Add 8529"
Gregory Guzik
Zachary Panozzo
January 12, 2017 (2017-01-12)

21
8
"Just Add Muscles"
Aprill Winney
Taylor Cox & Jacquie Walters
January 12, 2017 (2017-01-12)

22
9
"Just Add Fire"
Aprill Winney
Matt Goldman
January 12, 2017 (2017-01-12)

23
10
"Just Add Meddling"
Lily Mariye
John-Paul Nickel
January 12, 2017 (2017-01-12)

24
11
"Just Add Secrets"
Joe Nussbaum
Luisa Leschin
January 12, 2017 (2017-01-12)

25
12
"Just Add History"
Joe Nussbaum
Lauren Thompson
January 12, 2017 (2017-01-12)

26
13
"Just Add Rose"
Joe Nussbaum
Andrew Orenstein
January 12, 2017 (2017-01-12)

27
14
"Just Add Fluffy"
Keith Samples
Andrew Orenstein
January 19, 2018 (2018-01-19)[5]

28
15
"Just Add RJ"
Keith Samples
Aminta Goyel
January 19, 2018 (2018-01-19)[5]

29
16
"Just Add Gumdrops"
Adam Weissman
Taylor Cox & Jacquie Walters
January 19, 2018 (2018-01-19)[5]

30
17
"Just Add Time"
Aprill Winney
Matt Goldman
January 19, 2018 (2018-01-19)[5]

31
18
"Just Add Telepathy"
Aprill Winney
John-Paul Nickel
January 19, 2018 (2018-01-19)[5]

32
19
"Just Add Attention"
Joe Nussbaum
Luisa Leschin
January 19, 2018 (2018-01-19)[5]

33
20
"Just Add Contagion"
Joe Nussbaum
Lauren Thompson
January 19, 2018 (2018-01-19)[5]

34
21
"Just Add Beginnings"
Vanessa Parise
Aminta Goyel
January 19, 2018 (2018-01-19)[5]

35
22
"Just Add Silvers"
Vanessa Parise
Taylor Cox & Jacquie Walters
January 19, 2018 (2018-01-19)[5]

36
23
"Just Add Barriers"
Keith Samples
John-Paul Nickel
January 19, 2018 (2018-01-19)[5]

37
24
"Just Add Betrayal"
Keith Samples
Luisa Leschin
January 19, 2018 (2018-01-19)[5]

38
25
"Just Add Caroline"
Joe Nussbaum
Lauren Thompson
January 19, 2018 (2018-01-19)[5]

39
26
"Just Add Spices"
Joe Nussbaum
Andrew Orenstein
January 19, 2018 (2018-01-19)[5]