document_title: That '70s Show

question_text: who sang the theme song to that 70s show

text: That '70s Show

text: Cast[edit]

text: Teens[edit]

text:
Topher Grace as Eric Forman (seasons 1–7; uncredited guest season 8): Eric is a nice guy, generally geeky, physically slight and somewhat clumsy. He is a smart-aleck with a fast wit and a deadpan sense of humor. He convinces his parents to let his best friend Steven Hyde move in with them, making Hyde like a brother. His father, Red, is always hard on him. Eric is in a relationship with his longtime love and neighbor Donna Pinciotti. He decides to become a teacher after high school and he leaves the series at the end of the seventh season to teach in Africa. Although mentioned in every episode, he does not appear during the final season until the end of the series finale.
Mila Kunis as Jackie Burkhart: The youngest member of the group, Jackie starts the series as the pretty, rich, spoiled, selfish, conceited and annoying immature girl. She likes to give thoughtless and superficial advice, which occasionally turns out to be correct. As the series progresses, she moves away from her self-centered ways and becomes sweeter, mostly after her father, a crooked politician, goes to jail and her fortunes take a reversal. Partly as a result of these changes, Donna and she become better friends. By the end of the series, Jackie had dated three of the four males of the group: Kelso, Hyde and Fez.
Ashton Kutcher as Michael Kelso (seasons 1–7; special guest season 8): The tall stupid pretty boy of the group wants to coast through life on his good looks. Often referred to as "The King" in many episodes, he spends the first half of the series in a relationship with the equally vapid Jackie, but their relationship comes to an end when Laurie (Eric's older sister) reveals their affair. His best friends are Hyde and Fez. He fathers a baby girl named Betsy from a girl named Brooke during the seventh season. He becomes a police officer but gets kicked off the force because he does just about everything wrong. He gets a job as a security guard at a Playboy Club in Chicago and leaves the series during the eighth and final season. Kelso, along with Eric, returns for the series finale.
Danny Masterson as Steven Hyde: Eric's best friend and the anti-establishment member of the group. By the end of season one, the Formans allow Hyde to move in after he was abandoned by his mother, making him a foster brother to Eric. Hyde has a witty, blunt and sarcastic sense of humor and a rebellious personality. He is also smart and the other group members often ask for his advice. Although Hyde dates Jackie for three seasons, in the final season he marries an exotic dancer named Samantha. Hyde later discovers Samantha was married to another man when she married him. As Donna points out in "My Fairy King", that means Hyde and Samantha are not legally married. In the seventh season, Hyde meets his biological father (William Barnett, played by Tim Reid), a wealthy black businessman (making Hyde, who was presumed white, biracial). Barnett, who owns a chain of record stores, makes Hyde first an office worker, then a manager and later the owner of the Point Place record store. He also previously worked for Leo in a Photo Hut earlier in the series.
Laura Prepon as Donna Pinciotti: Eric's longtime girlfriend (and briefly fiancée). Donna is tall, intelligent, good-looking. Although she does not agree with what Jackie represents in the beginning of the series, they become friends. Donna is in a relationship with Eric for seven seasons (despite their break-up during season 4). She has brief romances with Casey, Michael's brother and Randy during the final season and quickly ends it. She rekindles her relationship with Eric at the end of the show's finale.
Wilmer Valderrama as Fez: The horny foreign exchange student of the group whose hormones are usually out of control. His country of origin is never named. He enjoys eating candy, drinking beer and looking at pornography. He constantly flirts with Jackie and Donna and often makes romantic advances toward them. Initially, he has trouble getting attention from girls, but during the eighth season he becomes a ladies' man. He is in love with Jackie throughout the series but his love is not reciprocated until the eighth season when they become a couple.
Josh Meyers as Randy Pearson (season 8): Hyde's employee at the record store. He is introduced in the final season. Randy appears laid back, gentle, polite and a ladies' man, although many of his flaws surface later, encompassing parts of the departed Kelso and Eric's personalities and other attributes. Tall (like Kelso), he tends to spout witty one-liners (like Eric), and makes silly voices. He forms a friendship with Red after showing Red how good he is at fixing things. While Hyde, Jackie, Donna and Kelso embrace him as a new member of their group, Fez initially does not, but soon warms up to him. Randy dates Donna for the majority of season eight, but she later breaks up with him. The two end on good terms and remain friends. He makes a brief appearance in the series finale. Randy is considered the worst character in the show.[2]

text: Adults[edit]

text:
Debra Jo Rupp as Kitty Forman: Red's wife and mother of Eric and Laurie, and Hyde's informally adoptive mother, Kitty is a cheerful, doting mother, but can also be assertive when pushed. A nurse by profession, she drinks heavily and is a former smoker. Her major mood swings are usually attributed to menopause, although the lack of affection and attention from her daughter (Laurie) and her mother (Bea) is also partly to blame. She is also a nurturing mother figure to Eric's rather dysfunctional friends, especially Fez.
Kurtwood Smith as Red Forman: Kitty's husband, father of Eric and Laurie, and Hyde's adoptive father. A conservative Navy combat veteran, he served in World War II and the Korean War. Despite his mean exterior, Red also displays a soft side. His hobbies include working with his power tools, drinking beer, watching television, reading the newspaper, hunting and fishing.
Lisa Robin Kelly (seasons 2–3; recurring season 1; special appearance 5), Christina Moore (recurring, season 6) as Laurie Forman: Eric's attractive but promiscuous, manipulative and dishonest older sister. She flunked out of college during the first season and moves back home with her parents. Laurie enjoys tormenting Eric and manipulating her parents. She is promiscuous, often seen with various men, mainly Eric's friend Kelso, who cheats on his girlfriend Jackie. Eric, Hyde and Donna often mock her promiscuity. She also has a strained relationship with her mother who thinks of her as a freeloader. She leaves the series during the third season, but returns in a recurring role during the fifth. In season five, she marries Fez to prevent him from getting deported. She leaves the series again during season 6 and is never seen again. During the seventh season, she is mentioned as having moved to Canada, where, as Eric puts it drolly, "bottomless dancing is legal".
Tanya Roberts as Midge Pinciotti (seasons 1–3; special guest appearance seasons 6–7): Bob's wife, Donna's mother, and Kitty's best friend, Midge is the sexy neighborhood mom about whom Eric and his male friends fantasized when coming of age. Although often dim-witted, she later adopts some feminist ideals. She is written out of the series in 2001 after the third season after leaving Bob and moving to California. She returns during the sixth and seventh seasons in a limited recurring role. She is temporarily replaced in Bob's heart by the aggressive, assertive Joanne (played by Mo Gaffney), tall like Midge but not as pretty. She and Bob meet in a supermarket. Red and Joanne almost immediately take a mutual dislike to each other.
Don Stark as Bob Pinciotti: Midge's husband and Donna's father. Bob often brags about his service in the National Guard, which invariably irritates Red, a veteran of foreign wars. Bob is known for walking around his house with his robe wide open and no underwear. He eats constantly, even in bed. Bob is almost always in a good mood and is a ladies' man. His best friend is Red, who usually considers him to be a nuisance. He usually takes the brunt of Red's abuse in a jolly manner.
Tommy Chong as Leo Chingkwake (seasons 4 & 8; special guest seasons 2–3 & 7): A hippie, and the owner of a Foto Hut at which Hyde once worked, Leo is an Army veteran who served in World War II, where he was awarded a Purple Heart. Leo often puts play before work and maintains an easy-going attitude in most things, business included. He disappears from the series after season four, but is later referenced in season five's "The Battle of Evermore" when the gang goes on a mission to find him, but with no luck. He returns in season seven and remains on the series until the show's end. In Season 8, he gets a new job working for Hyde at Grooves.

text: Episodes[edit]

text:
Season
Episodes
Originally aired

First aired
Last aired

1
25
August 23, 1998 (1998-08-23)
July 26, 1999 (1999-07-26)

2
26
September 28, 1999 (1999-09-28)
May 22, 2000 (2000-05-22)

3
25
October 3, 2000 (2000-10-03)
May 22, 2001 (2001-05-22)

4
27
September 25, 2001 (2001-09-25)
May 21, 2002 (2002-05-21)

5
25
September 17, 2002 (2002-09-17)
May 14, 2003 (2003-05-14)

6
25
October 29, 2003 (2003-10-29)
May 19, 2004 (2004-05-19)

7
25
September 8, 2004 (2004-09-08)
May 18, 2005 (2005-05-18)

8
22
November 2, 2005 (2005-11-02)
May 18, 2006 (2006-05-18)

text: Timeline[edit]

text: This section does not cite any sources. Please help improve this section by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. (November 2013) (Learn how and when to remove this template message)

text: The creators had wanted the show to have a 1970s "feel" from the beginning, so opted to set the series later in the decade, when trends and political ideologies had become firmly established and disseminated. The idea that the duration of the series would carry sociopolitical undertones also necessitated a chain of social events which could influence the characters. Thus, 1976 was chosen, which allowed episodes set within a short time frame to address streaking, the sexual revolution, the Equal Rights Amendment, the 1973 oil crisis, and the presidencies of Richard Nixon and Gerald Ford, all of which were culturally influential events that occurred in the earlier years of the 1970s. The shift to 1977 during the last half of the first season also allowed the inclusion of the first Star Wars movie, which premiered in May 1977.

text: Throughout the first two seasons, episodes opened with title cards showing the season/month and year (example: Late Spring, 1977 or June 1977). These, however, were largely abandoned after season 2, with few subsequent episodes using them. However, they were used again in the final episode, showing "December 31, 1979 10:45 a.m." From the premiere onward, the episode's year could be determined by the registration tags on Eric's Vista Cruiser at the end of the opening and closing credits. The final episode's closing credits showed an "80" year tag.

text: The show was set in May 1976 in the August 23, 1998 premiere. After 12 episodes, the series transitioned to 1977. The 23rd episode, "Grandma's Dead", was also set in 1976, because it was supposed to be the season finale of season 1. The show remained in 1977 for the next two seasons. Near the end of the third season, the series transitioned to 1978 until early in the sixth season. The remaining episodes took place in 1979, and the series finale abruptly ends during a New Year's Eve party as the characters reach "one" during a countdown to January 1, 1980.

text: The show's unexpected longevity (it was the only series to debut on Fox in 1998 to survive cancellation) combined with the first season jump to 1977 necessitated a slow-down of the series' timeline. Over time, this proved problematic from a narrative standpoint, as nearly every year featured a Thanksgiving and/or Christmas episode, and the teen-aged actors playing high-school student characters all aged into their mid-20s by the time their characters graduated from high school after five seasons (except Mila Kunis, who was not quite 20). As the series timeline sped up and slowed down with more rapidity near the series' climax, the timeline necessitated that several major events depicted as having occurred months apart would have in fact happened within weeks or even days of one another.

text: The timeline issues experienced on the show were not unprecedented, as other period-specific TV series have had similar issues. Most notably, M*A*S*H aired for 11 seasons despite the Korean War only lasting three years. Additionally, many TV series over the years that take place in the present time have characters age faster than normal while other characters age naturally.

text: Eighth season and series finale[edit]

text: The character of Eric Forman was written out of the series at the end of the seventh season, as Topher Grace wanted to move on with his career.[3] Ashton Kutcher switched to a recurring guest role when he also chose to depart following the seventh season.[3] However, Kelso had not been written out yet, so to give better closure to the character, Kutcher appeared in the first four episodes of the eighth season (credited as a special guest star) and later returned for the finale. Tommy Chong (who began reappearing by late season 7 after a long absence) became a regular again to help fill Kelso's role as the dimwit of the group. Eric was originally supposed to be replaced by his new friend Charlie, played by Bret Harrison, as an "innocent character", who proved fairly popular with audiences, but the character was killed off after Harrison was offered a lead role in the series The Loop.[4] Another new character named Randy Pearson, played by Josh Meyers, was introduced to take the place of both Eric and, to a lesser extent, Charlie.[5] Another new character, Samantha, a stripper played by Judy Tylor, was added as Hyde's wife for nine episodes. The location of the show's introductory theme song was changed from the Vista Cruiser to the circle. Both Eric and Kelso returned for the series' final episode, although Topher Grace was uncredited.

text: The eighth season was announced as the final season of the show on January 17, 2006,[6] and "That '70s Finale" was filmed a month later on February 17, 2006, first airing on May 18, 2006.[7]

text: Production[edit]

text: Opening[edit]

text: Theme song[edit]

text: The show usually opens with the theme song, "In the Street", written by Alex Chilton and Chris Bell of the band Big Star. The original version of the song appeared on Big Star's 1972 debut album #1 Record. In 2000, Chilton confirmed that he was paid $70 in royalties each time the show aired, an amount he thought ironic, given the show's title.[8]

text: Big Star's original version of the song was not used on the show. Instead, a cover version sung by Todd Griffin was used as the theme song for the show's first season. Beginning in the second season, the theme song was performed by the band Cheap Trick. Unlike previous versions of the song, Cheap Trick ended the song with the repeated phrase "We're all alright!" quoting the ending of their 1978 hit song "Surrender".[9]

text: Both versions of the song (Todd Griffin and Cheap Trick) used on the show end with somebody yelling "Hello, Wisconsin!" In Griffin's version, Masterson is the one yelling "Hello, Wisconsin!"[10] while it is unknown who yells it in Cheap Trick's version during the opening. On the soundtrack, That '70s Album (Rockin'), Cheap Trick's lead singer Robin Zander yells "Hello, Wisconsin!"[11] Alternate holiday versions of the theme song were arranged for Halloween and Christmas specials, using organ music and bells, respectively.

text: Opening credits[edit]

text: Opening credits for seasons 1–7 showed members of the cast driving in Eric's car singing the theme song together. At the conclusion of the opening, a shot of a 1970s-style Wisconsin license plate (black letters/numbers on a yellow background) is seen, showing the year in which the episode was taking place in the bottom right corner. During the first season's opening, a single shot of the group is used; beginning with season 2, numerous alternating shots were used of the cast in various groupings (including the adult cast members, who had not appeared in the first season's opening).

text: After Topher Grace and Ashton Kutcher left the series, the opening credits were reworked for season 8 to feature close-up shots of each of the actors singing (or mouthing) a line of the theme song in the Circle (for example, Mila Kunis "Hanging Out...;" Danny Masterson "Down the Street"). The only actors to not say or do anything in the new opening credits were Kurtwood Smith and Tommy Chong, with the exception of the first episode of season 8, when Chong sings the last "We're all alright". Smith looks at the camera frowning and rolls his eyes. Chong looks around the room, confused as he hears "Hello, Wisconsin!" The final episode omits most of the opening sequence and instead only shows the license plate shot.

text: Elements of the show[edit]

text: The 1970s[edit]

text: This section possibly contains original research. Please improve it by verifying the claims made and adding inline citations. Statements consisting only of original research should be removed. (November 2015) (Learn how and when to remove this template message)

text: The show addressed social issues of the 1970s such as sexism, sexual attitudes, generational conflict, the economic hardships of the 1970s recession, mistrust of the American government by blue-collar workers and teenage drug use, including underage drinking. The series also highlighted developments in the entertainment industry, including the television remote ("the clicker"), reruns, VCR, and cable TV; the video games Pong and Space Invaders; the cassette tape and Disco; MAD magazine; and Eric's obsession with Star Wars.[12] The show has been compared to Happy Days, which was similarly set 20 years before the time in which it aired.[13]

text: Beginning with the second season, the show focused less on the sociopolitical aspects of the story. For example, the dynamic of the relationship between Eric and Donna was altered in later seasons to more closely resemble the relationships of other "power couples" on teen dramas. Likewise, the first season of the show featured a recurring, more dramatic storyline in which the Formans were in danger of losing their home due to Red's hours being cut back at the auto parts plant where he worked. Storylines in later seasons were generally presented more comically and less dramatically.

text: The show also featured guest-starring actors from 1970s TV shows, such as Mary Tyler Moore, Valerie Harper and Betty White (The Mary Tyler Moore Show), Tom Poston and Jack Riley (The Bob Newhart Show), Pamela Sue Martin (The Hardy Boys/Nancy Drew Mysteries), Tim Reid and Howard Hesseman (WKRP in Cincinnati), Eve Plumb, Barry Williams and Christopher Knight (The Brady Bunch), Tom Bosley and Marion Ross (Happy Days), Monty Hall (Let's Make A Deal), Gavin MacLeod (The Love Boat and The Mary Tyler Moore Show), Don Knotts, Richard Kline and Jenilee Harrison (Three's Company), and Danny Bonaduce and Shirley Jones (The Partridge Family). Series recurring cast member Tanya Roberts also starred in a popular show in the 1970s (Charlie's Angels).

text: Beginning with season 5, each episode in the series is named after a song by a rock band that was famous in the 1970s: Led Zeppelin (season 5), The Who (Season 6), The Rolling Stones (season 7), and Queen (season 8, except for the finale, titled "That '70s Finale").[14]

text: Split screens[edit]

text: One device in the show is to present a split screen in which two pairs of characters speak. One character is usually seeking advice on a problem with a character in the second pairing and the other character advises them. Although the conversations appear to mirror each other, notable differences often occur. It is most often used by the couples of the show, with each member of the couple being advised on the relationship. For example, in the episode "Who Wants It More?", Donna and Eric tell Jackie and Hyde that they have been holding out on each other sexually for three days and that maybe they should cave. Both Jackie and Hyde tell Donna and Eric not to cave or the "caver" will be owned by the other.

text: Dream sequences[edit]

text: The show includes character daydream sequences, some of which refer to or parody fads and films of the time, such as Star Wars, Rocky, and Grease.

text: The character picturing the dream sometimes also narrates it, but regardless, the other characters present see the same dream. In the episode "Stone Cold Crazy", Jackie mentioned she liked the song playing in Fez's dream sequence. The sequences are usually introduced by a wobbling screen transition. Sometimes, the transition is absent when the characters who imagine the scene believe they are real (for example, Eric's dream about Donna in "Eric's Birthday" or Jackie's dream about Hyde proposing in "It's All Over Now").

text: In the 100th episode, "That '70s Musical", all singing scenes were Fez's dream sequences.

text: The circle[edit]

text: In the circle, a group of characters, usually the teenagers, sit in a circle (generally in Eric's basement, though occasionally elsewhere), as the camera pans, stopping at each character as he or she speaks. It was usually apparent that the characters are under the influence of marijuana. Thick clouds of smoke, frequent coughing and an extreme wide-angle lens added to the "drug-induced" feel, although the audience never saw anyone actually smoking the drug. Also, no visible drug-related paraphernalia were seen, such as bongs or joint papers. Characters never spoke the word "marijuana" while in the circle (except in one episode "Reefer Madness"), often referring to it as "stuff" or a "stash". In the episode "Bye-Bye Basement", Theo (Leo's cousin) refers to "weed"; in "The Relapse", Kelso tells Fez that the concrete wall behind the gym is used mostly for "smoking weed and beating up freshmen;" in "Ski Trip" Kitty asks Eric why he is taking so much oregano to Jackie's ski lodge; in "Eric's Burger Job", Kelso blames his "roach clip" when the water bed pops on which he is sitting at a party; in two episodes ("That Wrestling Show" and "Hyde Moves In") Eric and Hyde can be seen wearing shirts with the words "Cannabis Sativa" written on a Campbell's soup can; and in "The Pill" Red, referring to Kelso, exclaims, "That kid's on dope!" A gimmick related to the circle and the marijuana smoking was Eric watching the kitchen wall moving erratically, although this technique was also used to show that Eric was drunk.

text: As the series progressed, the circle became one of the series' recurring features. The only four episodes where the whole gang is in the circle are "Class Picture", "I'm A Boy", "Substitute", and in the series finale. During the eighth and final season, the circle replaced the Vista Cruiser as the setting of the opening credits.

text: The stupid helmet[edit]

text: The stupid helmet refers to a replica of a Green Bay Packers helmet that a character is forced to wear after having done or said something deemed stupid by the rest of the gang. Eric had to wear it when he said he wanted to propose to Donna and Fez wore it when he started banging his head on the table after trying to help Kelso keep Jackie. The helmet can be seen in the Forman basement on a shelf behind the cast. When the series concluded in 2006, the last one up the staircase had to call Red a "dumbass", something he always called the kids. Since Kelso was the last one up, he grabbed the helmet.

text: The water tower[edit]

text: In many episodes, the teenaged characters often hang out on a local water tower. At the end of several water tower segments, at least one character falls off (usually Kelso). When Charlie Richardson (played by Bret Harrison) fell off and died in season 8, the water tower was renamed in his honor.

text: After Charlie's death, Kelso fell off again, but survived, leading him to believe he was "invincible". In the "Water Tower episode", the gang painted a marijuana leaf on the tower, but it looked more like a green hand giving the finger. In the episode "The Immigrant Song (a.k.a. Fez Gets Busted)" Kelso paints Jackie and his names on the tower to annoy Hyde just before falling and ending up in the hospital. During this episode, Fez paints his manhood on the tower but only gets as far as drawing a circle when the police arrive to arrest him. Kelso was known to fall off the water tower once in every grade since middle school. Jackie and Fez share their first official kiss on the tower in the show's finale.

text: Scene transitions[edit]

text: In the first season, scene transitions (also known as bumpers) consisted of animated smiley buttons[15] or still images of faces from the 1970s with only the mouth moving using Syncro-Vox, usually yelling, in a rock form, "Yeahhh!" or something similar (ex. Farrah Fawcett saying "Yeah!" or Richard Nixon saying "Are you ready to rock and roll?") The smiley buttons were removed for re-runs and home video, replaced with flowers likewise exploding, replicating, deflating or bouncing around. Sometimes they would be visuals of lava lamps with the show's logo plummeting to the bottom of the screen in front of it.

text: Beginning in season 2, transitions featured the characters doing something in front of a colorful, psychedelic, lava lamp-like background. These transitions featured the most prominent characters of the episode usually dancing, falling or making facial expressions. The music accompanying these colorful sequences would match the tone of the episode and characters.

text: By the show's final season, new transitions were created to accommodate cast changes (e.g. Donna's hair color, Leo continuing as a series regular and the insertion of Randy).

text: "Nobody's Fault But Mine (2)" is the only episode where Laurie Forman is featured in a transition. Tanya Roberts is the only regular actor not to be featured in a transition.

text: The Vista Cruiser[edit]

text: Many of the show's episodes featured Eric and the rest of the kids in or around Eric's "Aztec Gold" 1969 Oldsmobile Vista Cruiser, handed down to Eric by Red. For the first seven seasons of the show, the show's introduction showed the cast inside the Vista Cruiser.

text: The show's pronunciation of "Vista Cruiser", with emphasis on "Cruiser" conflicted with the pronunciation of author George Plimpton in the Oldsmobile television advertisement for the 1969 Vista Cruiser, where he pronounced the two words with the emphasis on "Vista".[16]

text: That particular station wagon was bought by Wilmer Valderrama at the show's conclusion from Carsey-Werner for US$500.[17]

text: In August 2009, the show's Vista Cruiser was named third-greatest television car ever by MSN Autos.[18]

text: Running gags and catchphrases[edit]

text: This section possibly contains original research. Please improve it by verifying the claims made and adding inline citations. Statements consisting only of original research should be removed. (August 2017) (Learn how and when to remove this template message)

text: In one of the show's major running gags, Red often threatens to punish Eric with many variations of catchphrase, "kicking your ass". For example, in "Kitty and Eric's Night Out", Red mistakenly thinks Eric offended Kitty, so Red says, "I swear I'll kick his ass!" In "Eric's Hot Cousin", Eric tries to get out of something by claiming he's sleepwalking and Red says, "And I'm about to be sleep-kicking your ass", and, in "Prank Day", when Red gets covered in oatmeal, Eric tries to explain that it was just a prank that had gone "horribly, horribly wrong" Red says, "Well, I have a prank, too. One where my foot doesn't plow through your ass. Let's hope it doesn't go horribly, horribly wrong!" Several of the running gags were shown in edited clips for the series finale.

text: Some other notable running gags and catchphrases are:

text:
Red's favorite insult is "dumbass", the origin of which is revealed in "Halloween". Ironically, Eric is the first character to say "dumbass" in "Eric's Burger Job" (season 1 episode 5). The insult is adopted by the whole gang and even occasionally by Kitty. Red regularly comes up with new choice insults such as "kettlehead" (which refers to Kelso).
Fez's country of origin is never revealed. Sometimes, Fez is about to disclose where he is from, or at least hint at it, but something happens to prevent him from doing so, like someone entering the room as seen in "Stolen Car", or Fez rambling in "Love of My Life".[19]
Fez's real name was also never revealed. Even Fez stood for FES, Foreign Exchange Student.[20][21] Red often calls Fez by some exotic foreign name when he is speaking directly to him.
Someone, usually Kelso, falls off the Water Tower.[22]
The word "burn", a term used by a character after something bad or offensive happens at another character's expense, although it is more often used by Kelso. According to Kelso in "Dine and Dash", a good burn consists of two elements: "You didn't see it coming; parts of it really hurt."
Hyde would usually give Kelso a punch in the arm for either his stupidity or bad behavior.
Kelso yells "Ow, my eye!" when Hyde rough-houses with him. For example, in the episode "Class Picture", a series of flashbacks feature Hyde beating up Kelso. While the two are out of the immediate sight of the audience, Kelso yells, "Ow, my eye!" and the scene cuts to the next flashback. This gag is repeated several times throughout the series, although the only time Kelso appears with an injured eye is in "Jackie's Cheese Squeeze" after he was punched by Todd, Jackie's manager. On that occasion, Kelso did not yell, "Ow, my eye!"[23]
Fez uses the phrase "Good day", followed by another cast member saying, "But Fez..." and Fez immediately interrupts with an exclamatory, "I said good day!" In some instances, the words vary, but the interaction is the same.
Eric has a never-ending streak of quoting Star Wars. In several episodes, he relates things to Star Wars, or quotes the film. In times of trouble, he brings a toy light saber and his going-away present from Donna was her dressing up as Princess Leia.
Everyone who calls Eric's action figures "dolls" is always loudly corrected by Eric: "They're action figures!"
Kitty often uses alcohol or her use is mentioned, particularly after she starts menopause during the fifth season.
Fez's sex life or usually lack thereof. Often Fez accidentally reveals some perverse behavior he performed, like hiding in Donna's room.[24]
The best thing to do or the best solution can be found by "The Circle".[25]
Eric's attempted "secret" money stash locations are known by everyone.[26][27]
Guest stars from 1970s sitcoms would often have an inside joke referring to their earlier series.
Kitty will often laugh in situations she finds awkward.

text: British remake[edit]

text: In 1999, the show was remade by the ITV network in the United Kingdom as Days Like These using almost verbatim scripts with minor changes to cultural references.[28]

text: Merchandise[edit]

text: Home media[edit]

text: That '70s Show was released on DVD in Regions 1, 2 and 4 by Fox Home Entertainment at an increment of two seasons per year between 2004 and 2008 and a complete series release on October 14, 2008. Mill Creek Entertainment released all eight seasons between 2011 and '13 and released a complete series set on May 14, 2013. On March 6, 2012, Mill Creek released the first season on Blu-ray and season two on October 16, 2012. On November 3, 2015, Mill Creek Entertainment released That '70s Show The Complete Series on Blu-ray 1080p with 5.1 DTS-HD Master Audio and 1.78:1 widescreen aspect ratio.[29]

text: Soundtracks[edit]

text: Several prominent songs from the decade can be heard on the series, and two soundtracks were released in 1999. The first is a collection of funk, soul, and disco, called That '70s Album (Jammin'). The second is a collection of album-oriented rock songs, called That '70s Album (Rockin'). AllMusic gave both albums 3 out of 5 stars in their reviews.[30][31]

text: Reception[edit]

text: American ratings[edit]

text: Over the course of its run, the series was a consistent performer for Fox, becoming one of their flagship shows. Its eight seasons, consisting of 200 episodes, made it Fox's second-longest-running live-action sitcom ever behind Married... with Children, though That '70s Show did not have the same ratings success.

text:
Season
Episodes
Timeslot
Premiere
Season finale
Rank
Viewers
(in millions)

1
1998–99
25
Sunday 8:30
August 23, 1998
July 26, 1999
49[32]
11.7

2
1999–2000
26
Tuesday 8:30
September 28, 1999
May 22, 2000
86[33]
9.0

3
2000–01
25
Tuesday 8:00
October 3, 2000
May 22, 2001
65[34]
10.8

4
2001–02
27
September 25, 2001
May 21, 2002
67[35]
9.1

5
2002–03
25
Tuesday 8:00 (2002)
Wednesday 8:00 (2003)
September 17, 2002
May 14, 2003
52[36]
10.4

6
2003–04
25
Wednesday 8:00
October 29, 2003
May 19, 2004
49[37]
10.0

7
2004–05
25
September 8, 2004
May 18, 2005
85[38]
7.0

8
2005–06
22
Wednesday 8:00 (2005)
Thursday 8:00 (2006)
November 2, 2005
May 18, 2006
103[39]
5.8

text: Awards[edit]

text: Over the course of its run, the series was nominated for a substantial number of awards, including 16 Primetime Emmy Awards. The only win for the series at this event came in 1999, when Melina Root was awarded the Emmy for Outstanding Costume Design for a Series for "That Disco Episode". Additionally, the show was nominated for a large number of Teen Choice Awards, with both Ashton Kutcher and Wilmer Valderrama winning on three occasions.


document_title: Adventure Time (season 10)

question_text: when does the last episode of adventure time air

root

text: Adventure Time (season 10)

text: Development[edit]

text: Concept[edit]

text: The series follows the adventures of Finn the Human, a human boy, and his best friend Jake, a dog with magical powers to change shape, grow, and shrink at will. Finn and Jake live in the post-apocalyptic Land of Ooo, wherein they interact with the other major characters, including: Princess Bubblegum, The Ice King, Marceline the Vampire Queen, Lumpy Space Princess, BMO, and Flame Princess. Common storylines revolve around Finn and Jake discovering strange creatures, dealing with the antagonistic but misunderstood Ice King, and battling monsters in order to help others.[2] Multi-episode story arcs for this season include Princess Bubblegum confronting her antagonistic Uncle Gumbald,[3] Finn dealing with Fern's embrace of the dark side,[4] and Betty trying to turn the Ice King back into Simon Petrikov.[5]

tag: p

text: Production[edit]

text: On July 21, 2016, Kent Osborne posted an image on Twitter that suggested Adventure Time had been renewed for an additional season.[6] At the time, the season was intended to be the show's ninth.[6][7] However, the season divisions were later re-arranged by Cartoon Network,[8] and "The Wild Hunt" became the first episode of season ten.[9] This season's episodes were produced in a process similar to previous seasons. First, the episodes began as simple two-to-three-page outlines that contained the necessary plot information.[10] These outlines were then handed off to storyboard artists, who then expanded the rough outline into a full storyboard.[11] The episodes' design and coloring were done in Burbank, California. Animation was handled overseas in South Korea, by Rough Draft Korea and by Saerom Animation.[12][13][14]

text: Storyboard artists who worked on this season include (but are not limited to) Sam Alden, Polly Guo, Seo Kim, Somvilay Xayaphone, Steve Wolfhard, Tom Herpich, Graham Falk, Kent Osborne, Hanna K. Nyström, Aleks Sennwald, Erik Fountain, and Patrick McHale.[nb 1] In regards to other aspects of production, Ghostshrimp—the series' former lead background designer—returned to the series to work on episodes comprising the "final story arc of Adventure Time".[15] Ghostshrimp had retired from the show after the fourth season, but had previously returned to draw backgrounds for the seventh-season miniseries Stakes and the ninth-season episodes "Abstract", "Fionna and Cake and Fionna", and "Whispers".[nb 2][16][17] Additionally, Andy Ristaino (a former character designer, storyboard artist, and background designer for the show) returned as a revisionist for this season.[18]

text: Series conclusion[edit]

text: On September 29, 2016, it was confirmed by Cartoon Network that this season would be the show's last. When asked in an interview with Skwigly about his feelings concerning the end of the series, Osborne said:

text: It's weird because I've never been on a show this long, and I don't think Cartoon Network has done a show with this many episodes—for the past few seasons we’ve been surprised I think every time it gets picked up. And I think a lot of us were thinking in the back of our minds, 'When is this going to end? Am I gonna be 80 and still writing this?!' It is sad, and everyone's kind of grieving, but it's hard to feel too bad about it, because ... they have so many episodes in the bank that it's gonna play for another couple years.[19]

text: Osborne did note that Cartoon Network provided the writers with "an opportunity to spend a lot of time thinking about the finale."[19] According to a speech given by Pendarvis, storyline writing for the series wrapped up mid-November 2016,[20] with the last storyline meeting being held on November 21.[21] A tweet by Osborne revealed that the show's final script was pitched to storyboarders Sam Alden and Hanna K. Nyström on November 28.[22][23][24] This episode was then pitched to the show's producers during the third week of December 2016.[25][26] Voice recording for the season and series ended on January 31, 2017, as confirmed by a number of voice actors, including Maria Bamford and Andy Milonakis.[27][28][29]

text: Production on the series officially ended with a wrap party hosted by Cartoon Network on November 16, 2017. Cast and crew members who had worked on the show since its beginning were invited to the festivities, which, among other things, featured a DJ booth shaped like Finn and Jake's tree fort, a live band, and Adventure Time-related food items.[30] Following the season's completion, several crewmembers were hired to work on the upcoming Cartoon Network series Summer Camp Island, which was created by Adventure Time storyline writer Julia Pott.[31]

text: Cast[edit]

text: The voice actors for the season include: Jeremy Shada (Finn the Human), John DiMaggio (Jake the Dog), Tom Kenny (The Ice King), Hynden Walch (Princess Bubblegum), and Olivia Olson (Marceline the Vampire Queen). Ward himself provides the voice for several minor characters, including Lumpy Space Princess. Former storyboard artist Niki Yang voices the sentient video game console BMO in English, as well as Jake's girlfriend Lady Rainicorn in Korean.[32] Polly Lou Livingston, a friend of Pendleton Ward's mother, Bettie Ward, plays the voice of the small elephant Tree Trunks.[33][34] Jessica DiCicco voices Flame Princess, Finn's ex-girlfriend and the sovereign of the Fire Kingdom.[35] Andy Milonakis voices N.E.P.T.R., a sentient robot who makes and throws pies.[36][37] The Lich, the series' principal antagonist, is portrayed by Ron Perlman in his demonic form.[38] The Adventure Time cast records their lines together as opposed to doing it individually. This is to capture more natural sounding dialogue among the characters. Hynden Walch has described these group session as akin to "doing a play reading—a really, really out there play."[39]

text: In addition to the regular cast members, episodes feature guest voices from many ranges of professions, including actors, musicians, and artists. "The Wild Hunt", "Always BMO Closing", "Bonnibel Bubblegum", "Seventeen", and "Gumbaldia" feature Fred Melamed voicing Princess Bubblegum's Uncle Gumbald.[40][41][42][43][44] In "The Wild Hunt", Jenny Slate reprises her role as Huntress Wizard.[40] "Son of Rap Bear" sees Dumbfoundead voices the titular character, Rekstizzy voices Rap Bear, Keith David reprise his role as Flame King, Paul Scheer reprises his role as Toronto, and Open Mike Eagle voices a gingerbread man.[45] In "Bonnibel Bubblegum", Livvy Stubenrauch voices the younger Princess Bubblegum, and former supervising director Andres Salaff reprises his role as Neddy.[42]

text: In "Seventeen" and "Gumbaldia" Brad Neely plays the Green Knight.[43][44] "Ring of Fire" features David Herman as Randy, Raza Jaffrey as Danny, and Andy Daly as Wyatt.[46] In, "Marcy & Hunson", Martin Olson reprises his role as Hunson Abadeer, the father of Marceline.[47][48][49] In "The First Investigation", Marc Evan Jackson reprises his role as Kim Kil Whan, and Dave Foley voices the shape-shifter.[50] Foley would reprise this role in the episode "Jake the Starchild".[51] The episode "Temple of Mars" features Felicia Day reprising her role as Betty; the episode also sees the return of Tom Scharpling as Jermaine the dog.[52]

text: Various other characters are voiced by Dee Bradley Baker, Maria Bamford, Steve Little, and Melissa Villaseñor.[32]

text: Broadcast and reception[edit]

text: Broadcast[edit]

text: Much like the sixth, seventh, eighth, and ninth seasons,[53][54][55][56] the tenth season of Adventure Time featured several episode "bombs", or instances wherein large amounts of episodes debuted within a relatively short timeframe. The first of these occurred on September 17, 2017, when "The Wild Hunt", "Always BMO Closing", "Son of Rap Bear", and "Bonnibel Bubblegum" aired.[57] The second of these occurred on December 17, 2017 when "Seventeen", "Ring of Fire", "Marcy and Hunson" and "The First Investigation" aired.[58] The third of these occurred on March 18, 2018, when "Blenanas", "Jake the Starchild", "Temple of Mars", and "Gumbaldia" aired.[59]

text: Episodes[edit]

text:
No.
overall
No. in
season
Title
Supervising
direction by
Written and storyboarded by
Original air date [nb 3]
Prod.
code [63]
U.S. viewers
(millions)

267
1
"The Wild Hunt"
Cole Sanchez
Sam Alden, Erik Fountain & Polly Guo
September 17, 2017 (2017-09-17)
1054-275
0.77[64]

Still feeling guilty over Fern's death, Princess Bubblegum tasks Finn to protect the banana guard from a monster later dubbed "the Grumbo". Finn can't bring himself to slay the monster as he keeps seeing Fern's face materialize when he's close to defeating it. Later, Finn meets up with Huntress Wizard (voiced by Jenny Slate) who is also trying to slay the Grumbo and she tries to give encouraging words to Finn. They find the Grumbo's cave and Finn once again stalls. Huntress Wizard puts herself in harm's way and Finn imagines Fern in her place and finally slays the Grumbo. Afterwards, Finn and Huntress Wizard casually admit their feelings for each other and realize that the Grumbo was artificially created. Uncle Gumbald plots to create another monster using the remains of Fern.

268
2
"Always BMO Closing"
Diana Lafyatis
Graham Falk & Kent Osborne
September 17, 2017 (2017-09-17)
1054-273
0.77[64]

BMO and Ice King become door-to-door salesmen by posing as one body (Ice King as the body and BMO as the head). After selling a stick to Tree Trunks, the two get lost and end up at the dungeon where Gumbald is staying. They sell him Finn's baby teeth which he happily pays for with a silver cup. Finn is outraged that his baby teeth were sold and is further mortified when Baby Finns made of teeth begin attacking the tree house. Through Ice King's encouragement, BMO "sells" two mallets to Finn and Jake and they successfully defeat the teeth babies. Afterwards, Gumbald admits that his current plan was a bad idea.

269
3
"Son of Rap Bear"
Diana Lafyatis
Seo Kim & Somvilay Xayaphone
September 17, 2017 (2017-09-17)
1054-276
0.77[64]

While at a party, Flame Princess accidentally signs a contract from Toronto stating that if she loses in a rap battle against Son of Rap Bear (voiced by Dumbfoundead) her kingdom will be forfeited to Toronto. She and Finn go meet Rap Bear (voiced by Rekstizzy) who explains that his son literally blew his legs off, frightening them. Despite training, Flame Princess still feels ill-prepared, and so she visits her father, the deposed Flame King (voiced by Keith David). She attempts to mend their rocky relationship, but much to her frustration, her father seems oblivious to the pain that he caused his daughter. Later, at the rap battle, Flame Princess begins to lose her composure, but after seeing the still-unapologetic Flame King in the crowd, she angrily expresses her frustrations with her father in a rap. The track impresses the crowd, and Flame Princess defeats Son of Rap Bear.

270
4
"Bonnibel Bubblegum"
Diana Lafyatis
Hanna K. Nyström & Aleks Sennwald
September 17, 2017 (2017-09-17)
1054-274
0.77[64]

When Finn presents the silver cup from "Always BMO Closing", Princess Bubblegum decides to tell him, Marceline and Jake some more of her history. 800 years ago, a child version of Bonnibel discovers a family photo and decides to create a gum family. She creates Uncle Gumbald, Aunt Lolly and Cousin Chicle to help farm the area. However, her family quickly turn on her with the prospect of "branding" their family. Gumbald creates a juice that transforms those into low minded candy people. Bonnibel fights back, transforming them into her eventual candy civilians and deciding on the title of princess. In the present, BMO reveals where it got the cup.

271
5
"Seventeen"
Cole Sanchez
Seo Kim & Somvilay Xayaphone
December 17, 2017
1054-281
0.76[65]

At Finn's seventeenth birthday party, held at the Candy Kingdom, Princess Bubblegum, Marceline, Huntress Wizard and BMO present Finn with gifts. Suddenly, the Green Knight (voiced by Brad Neely) arrives and presents Finn with his own gift, an ax that he will reward him with if he attacks him with it. Thinking this is one of Jake's tricks, Finn beheads the Green Knight only for Jake to arrive and the Knight challenges him to a battle by blocking him from his friends. Finn accepts and the two play 2/3 with the party games held at the castle. While arm wrestling, the Knight reveals himself to be a revived Fern who makes short work of Finn. He is stopped by Gumbald, Lolly and Chicle who were returned to their original form by Lumpy Space Princess transforming Ooo at the end of Elements. The trio and Fern leave as Finn is devastated by his loss.

272
6
"Ring of Fire"
Cole Sanchez
Tom Herpich & Steve Wolfhard
December 17, 2017
1054-277
0.76[65]

Tree Trunks gets a call from her old flame Randy (voiced by David Herman) who wants his old ring back to propose to his new girlfriend. In flashback, Randy proposed to Tree Trunks after graduating high school. Immediately afterwards, Tree Trunks left him and became a pirate on the sea where she met and married Danny (voiced by Raza Jaffrey). She breaks up with him due to him lying to her and she moves on to becoming a CEO to a shipping company. She marries her employee Wyatt, but due to his clinging attitude breaks up with him and he flees with the ring. Mr. Pig, who followed arrives as does Wyatt who still has the ring. Randy gets it back and Tree Trunks and Mr. Pig reaffirm their love.

273
7
"Marcy & Hunson"
Cole Sanchez
Graham Falk & Adam Muto
December 17, 2017
1054-278
0.76[65]

Peppermint Butler gives Finn a new sword, the Night Blade. However, he also summons Hunson Abadeer. Peppermint Butler allows Hunson to roam the earth for one day and is restrained from using his powers. Finn and Jake take him to Marceline who is once again annoyed at her father's ignorance. When Finn and Jake let slip that Marceline has a solo concert for ghosts, Hunson forces his way in. Marceline gives her performance, but it is interrupted by Hunson's interference. Chicle, who has been following them, instigates a ruckus with the ghosts who proceed to beat up a weakened Hunson. Marceline is also powerless from stopping them, but Finn's new sword saves them. The group escape and meet with Princess Bubblegum and Marceline and Hunson make up.

274
8
"The First Investigation"
Diana Lafyatis
Hanna K. Nyström & Aleks Sennwald
December 17, 2017
1054-279
0.76[65]

Kim Kil Whan sends Finn and Jake to Joshua and Margaret's old office after one of his employees get frightened by something. Finn and Jake witness strange ghosts and other sightings as objects move around. Finn suddenly sees baby versions of himself, Jake and Jermaine and gives Jake a wet willy (earlier Jake claimed that Finn had given him one years ago and he denied it). Realizing that the ghosts are time remnants, Finn tries to look for the source while Jake accidentally scares Kim's employee and sees his own birth from "Joshua and Margaret Investigations". They discover that one of Dr. Gross' experiments, Time Bear, had been behind it and fix him with Finn leaving a note for past Joshua and Margaret. While outside, Jake meets his alien parent, is turned blue and taken away leaving a note for Finn that reads "BRB-Jake".

275
9
"Blenanas"
Diana Lafyatis
Sam Alden & Patrick McHale
March 18, 2018
TBA
0.53[66]

Bummed about Jake being gone, Finn reads an issue of Ble Magazine and comes across a doodle of a caveman with his leg getting bit by a dog while a psychiatrist sits next to him. Finn writes "Ouch! Hey this isn't helping at all!". He shows it to BMO and Princess Bubblegum, but neither get it. Finn shows it to Ice King who reveals that he wrote to Ble Magazine to have his stories published, but they never were. They find the building guarded by a passive pudding troll and discover that the building has been abandoned for years. They decide to publish a new issue with the joke, but the pudding troll does not get it either. Finn comes to terms with the possibility that he just is not funny, but upon returning home he slips on some banana peels, rips his pants and crashes into a message chair. BMO and NEPTR laugh as Finn smiles.

276
10
"Jake the Starchild"
Cole Sanchez
Hanna K. Nyström & Aleks Sennwald
March 18, 2018
TBA
0.53[66]

Immediately after "The First Investigation", Jake is taken by his dying alien parent, Warren Ampersand, to his home planet and discovers he that must defeat an evil alien to save the inhabitants. Warren gives Jake a special belt while he wears one himself. As Jake uses his stretching powers, he becomes weaker and Warren becomes younger, revealing that the belts drain Jake's youth and energy. When Warren reveals his scheme as well as the fact the planet and evil alien are not real, Jake switches the belts and tricks Warren into giving his powers and youth back. Warren then tries to escape back to Earth after learning that Jake has children he could siphon from, but Jake tosses him into a black hole, leaving him stranded on the now empty space rock.

277
11
"Temple of Mars"
Diana Lafyatis
Tom Herpich & Steve Wolfhard
March 18, 2018
TBA
0.53[66]

Finn is visited by Jermaine who reveals that Jake is in space and that they must rescue him. They head to Mars where Normal Man, now King Man, has Betty doing labor to "cure" her. King Man has them enter a cave to search for a device to save Jake and encounter various puzzles. Eventually, they come across Past Betty who was to go on a trip in a week, but met Simon changing her plans. Finn and Jermaine tell her that Betty needs to think about herself and she "changes" her past so that she left that day instead of in a week. The cave turns out to be the device and they are reunited with Jake. However, Betty tells King Man that seeing Finn retrieve Jake has only increased her interest in rescuing Simon; she declares that she now has a plan to not only save Simon, but also retrieve Margles from GOLB, which frightens King Man.

278
12
"Gumbaldia"
Diana Lafyatis
Sam Alden & Graham Falk
March 18, 2018
TBA
0.53[66]

As Princess Bubblegum prepares for war with Gumbald, Finn and Jake decide to pay him a visit so as to prevent it from happening. They meet with the Gum Family who are hellbent on wanting to destroy PB. However, when Finn saves Gumbald from falling, the family come on good terms with Finn and Jake and sign a peace treaty. Before leaving, Finn and Jake are doused with celebratory juice. When they get back to the Candy Kingdom, the juice turns out to be dumdum juice and turns Peppermint Butler into a baby. With no other option, PB sets to go to war with her uncle. Gumbald learns of PB's survival and gathers many past villains throughout the series, including a confused Ice King, and prepares for the Gum War.

279

280

281

282
13

14

15

16
"Come Along with Me"[67][68]
TBA
TBA
TBA 2018
TBA
TBD

BMO narrates the Great Gum War in which Princess Bubblegum, Finn, Jake, Lady Rainicorn, Marceline, Flame Princess, Lemongrab, Huntress Wizard and Lumpy Space Princess band together to battle Gumbald and his army.

tag: table

text: Notes[edit]

text:
Jump up ^ Information regarding story development and storyboard artists is taken from the opening credits of the season's episodes.
Jump up ^ Information regarding background art is taken from the end credits of the episodes "Abstract", "Fionna and Cake and Fionna", and "Whispers".
Jump up ^ "Seventeen" was released on the Cartoon Network website on December 7, 2017;[60] "Ring of Fire", "Marcy & Hunson", and "The First Investigation" were released via the Cartoon Network phone app on December 8;[61] and "Blenanas", "Jake the Starchild", "Temple of Mars", and "Gumbaldia" were released via the Cartoon Network phone app and VOD on March 9.[62] However, because this field specifically refers to episode airdates, the information here will denote when this episode first aired on Cartoon Network.

tag: ol


document_title: List of Academy Award for Best Director winners by age

question_text: who won oscar for best director this month

text: This is a list of winners of the Academy Award of Merit for Achievement in Directing, presented annually by the Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences (AMPAS)[1] to a director who has delivered outstanding direction while working on a particular film within the industry. More popularly known as the Academy Award (or the Oscar) for Best Director, this award was initially presented at the 1st Academy Awards ceremony for 1927 and 1928 and was most recently presented at the 90th Academy Awards ceremony for 2017.[2] Throughout the past 90 years, accounting for shared and repeat winners, AMPAS has presented a total of 93 Best Directing awards to 69 different directors. This list is current as of the 90th Academy Awards ceremony held on March 4, 2018.

text: As of March 2018, The list below has 20 directors in their 30s, 40 directors in their 40s, 27 directors in their 50s, 5 directors in their 60s and one director in his seventies during the reception of the award. The youngest director being Damien Chazelle aged 32 years and 68 days during the 2017 Academy Awards ceremony and the oldest being Clint Eastwood who was 74 during the 2005 Academy Awards ceremony.

text: List of winners[edit]

text:
#
Director
Film
Date of birth
Date of award
Age upon
receiving award
Date of death
Lifespan
Notes

1
Borzage, FrankFrank Borzage
Seventh Heaven7th Heaven
1894-04-23(1894-04-23)April 23, 1894
May 16, 1929 (1929-05-16)
7004128060000000000♠35 years, 23 days
1962-06-19(1962-06-19)June 19, 1962
24,893 days (7004248930000000000♠68 years, 57 days)
Dramatic;[4] 1st of 2
Held record as oldest winner for 1 award ceremony (from the 1st to the 2nd, May 1929–April 1930 [11 months])

2
Milestone, LewisLewis Milestone
Two Arabian KnightsTwo Arabian Knights
1895-09-30(1895-09-30)September 30, 1895
May 16, 1929 (1929-05-16)
7004122810000000000♠33 years, 228 days
1980-09-25(1980-09-25)September 25, 1980
31,041 days (7004310410000000000♠84 years, 361 days)
Comedy;[4] 1st of 2
Held record as youngest winner for 3 award ceremonies (from the 1st to the 4th, May 1929–November 1931 [2 years, 6 months])

3
Lloyd, FrankFrank Lloyd
Divine LadyThe Divine Lady
1886-02-02(1886-02-02)February 2, 1886
April 3, 1930 (1930-04-03)
7004161300000000000♠44 years, 60 days
1960-08-10(1960-08-10)August 10, 1960
27,217 days (7004272170000000000♠74 years, 190 days)
1st of 2
Held record as oldest winner for 10 award ceremonies (from the 2nd to the 12th, April 1930–February 1940)

4
Milestone, LewisLewis Milestone
All Quiet On The Western FrontAll Quiet on the Western Front
1895-09-30(1895-09-30)September 30, 1895
November 5, 1930 (1930-11-05)
7004128190000000000♠35 years, 36 days
1980-09-25(1980-09-25)September 25, 1980
31,041 days (7004310410000000000♠84 years, 361 days)
2nd of 2

5
Taurog, NormanNorman Taurog
SkippySkippy
1899-02-23(1899-02-23)February 23, 1899
November 10, 1931 (1931-11-10)
7004119470000000000♠32 years, 260 days
1981-04-07(1981-04-07)April 7, 1981
29,993 days (7004299930000000000♠82 years, 43 days)
Held record as youngest winner for 85 award ceremonies (from the 4th through the 89th, November 1931–February 2017 [85 years, 3 months])

6
Borzage, FrankFrank Borzage
Bad GirlBad Girl
1894-04-23(1894-04-23)April 23, 1894
November 18, 1932 (1932-11-18)
7004140880000000000♠38 years, 209 days
1962-06-19(1962-06-19)June 19, 1962
24,893 days (7004248930000000000♠68 years, 57 days)
2nd of 2

7
Lloyd, FrankFrank Lloyd
CavalcadeCavalcade
1886-02-02(1886-02-02)February 2, 1886
March 16, 1934 (1934-03-16)
7004175730000000000♠48 years, 42 days
1960-08-10(1960-08-10)August 10, 1960
27,217 days (7004272170000000000♠74 years, 190 days)
2nd of 2

8
Capra, FrankFrank Capra
It Happened One NightIt Happened One Night
1897-05-18(1897-05-18)May 18, 1897
February 27, 1935 (1935-02-27)
7004137980000000000♠37 years, 285 days
1991-09-03(1991-09-03)September 3, 1991
34,440 days (7004344400000000000♠94 years, 108 days)[5]
1st of 3

9
Ford, JohnJohn Ford
InformerThe Informer
1894-02-01(1894-02-01)February 1, 1894
March 5, 1936 (1936-03-05)
7004153720000000000♠42 years, 33 days
1973-08-31(1973-08-31)August 31, 1973
29,065 days (7004290650000000000♠79 years, 211 days)
1st of 4

10
Capra, FrankFrank Capra
Mr Deeds Goes To TownMr. Deeds Goes to Town
1897-05-18(1897-05-18)May 18, 1897
March 4, 1937 (1937-03-04)
7004145340000000000♠39 years, 290 days
1991-09-03(1991-09-03)September 3, 1991
34,440 days (7004344400000000000♠94 years, 108 days)[5]
2nd of 3

11
McCarey, LeoLeo McCarey
Awful TruthThe Awful Truth
1898-10-03(1898-10-03)October 3, 1898
March 10, 1938 (1938-03-10)
7004144020000000000♠39 years, 158 days
1969-07-05(1969-07-05)July 5, 1969
25,842 days (7004258420000000000♠70 years, 275 days)
1st of 2

12
Capra, FrankFrank Capra
You Cant Take It With YouYou Can't Take It with You
1897-05-18(1897-05-18)May 18, 1897
February 23, 1939 (1939-02-23)
7004152550000000000♠41 years, 281 days
1991-09-03(1991-09-03)September 3, 1991
34,440 days (7004344400000000000♠94 years, 108 days)[5]
3rd of 3

13
Fleming, VictorVictor Fleming
Gone With The WindGone with the Wind
1889-02-23(1889-02-23)February 23, 1889
February 29, 1940 (1940-02-29)
7004186320000000000♠51 years, 6 days
1949-01-06(1949-01-06)January 6, 1949
21,866 days (7004218660000000000♠59 years, 318 days)[6]
Held record as oldest winner for 4 award ceremonies (from the 12th to the 16th, February 1940–March 1944)

14
Ford, JohnJohn Ford
Grapes Of WrathThe Grapes of Wrath
1894-02-01(1894-02-01)February 1, 1894
February 27, 1941 (1941-02-27)
7004171920000000000♠47 years, 26 days
1973-08-31(1973-08-31)August 31, 1973
29,065 days (7004290650000000000♠79 years, 211 days)
2nd of 4

15
Ford, JohnJohn Ford
How Green Was My ValleyHow Green Was My Valley
1894-02-01(1894-02-01)February 1, 1894
February 26, 1942 (1942-02-26)
7004175560000000000♠48 years, 25 days
1973-08-31(1973-08-31)August 31, 1973
29,065 days (7004290650000000000♠79 years, 211 days)
3rd of 4

16
Wyler, WilliamWilliam Wyler
Mrs MiniverMrs. Miniver
1902-07-01(1902-07-01)July 1, 1902
March 4, 1943 (1943-03-04)
7004148560000000000♠40 years, 246 days
1981-07-27(1981-07-27)July 27, 1981
28,881 days (7004288810000000000♠79 years, 26 days)
1st of 3

17
Curtiz, MichaelMichael Curtiz
CasablancaCasablanca
1886-12-24(1886-12-24)December 24, 1886
March 2, 1944 (1944-03-02)
7004208870000000000♠57 years, 69 days
1962-04-10(1962-04-10)April 10, 1962
27,500 days (7004275000000000000♠75 years, 107 days)
Held record as oldest winner for 9 award ceremonies (from the 16th to the 25th, March 1944–March 1953)

18
McCarey, LeoLeo McCarey
Going My WayGoing My Way
1898-10-03(1898-10-03)October 3, 1898
March 15, 1945 (1945-03-15)
7004169640000000000♠46 years, 163 days
1969-07-05(1969-07-05)July 5, 1969
25,842 days (7004258420000000000♠70 years, 275 days)
2nd of 2

19
Wilder, BillyBilly Wilder
Lost WeekendThe Lost Weekend
1906-06-22(1906-06-22)June 22, 1906
March 7, 1946 (1946-03-07)
7004145030000000000♠39 years, 258 days
2002-03-27(2002-03-27)March 27, 2002
34,977 days (7004349770000000000♠95 years, 278 days)[7]
1st of 2

20
Wyler, WilliamWilliam Wyler
Best Years of Our LivesThe Best Years of Our Lives
1902-07-01(1902-07-01)July 1, 1902
March 13, 1947 (1947-03-13)
7004163260000000000♠44 years, 255 days
1981-07-27(1981-07-27)July 27, 1981
28,881 days (7004288810000000000♠79 years, 26 days)
2nd of 3

21
Kazan, EliaElia Kazan
Gentlemans AgreementGentleman's Agreement
1909-09-07(1909-09-07)September 7, 1909
March 20, 1948 (1948-03-20)
7004140740000000000♠38 years, 195 days
2003-09-28(2003-09-28)September 28, 2003
34,354 days (7004343540000000000♠94 years, 21 days)[8]
1st of 2

22
Huston, JohnJohn Huston
Treasure Of The Sierra MadreThe Treasure of the Sierra Madre
1906-08-05(1906-08-05)August 5, 1906
March 24, 1949 (1949-03-24)
7004155720000000000♠42 years, 231 days
1987-08-28(1987-08-28)August 28, 1987
29,608 days (7004296080000000000♠81 years, 23 days)

23
Mankiewicz, JosephJoseph L. Mankiewicz
Letter To Three WivesA Letter to Three Wives
1909-02-11(1909-02-11)February 11, 1909
March 23, 1950 (1950-03-23)
7004150150000000000♠41 years, 40 days
1993-02-05(1993-02-05)February 5, 1993
30,675 days (7004306750000000000♠83 years, 360 days)
1st of 2

24
Mankiewicz, JosephJoseph L. Mankiewicz
All About EveAll About Eve
1909-02-11(1909-02-11)February 11, 1909
March 29, 1951 (1951-03-29)
7004153860000000000♠42 years, 46 days
1993-02-05(1993-02-05)February 5, 1993
30,675 days (7004306750000000000♠83 years, 360 days)
2nd of 2

25
Stevens, GeorgeGeorge Stevens
Place In The SunA Place in the Sun
1904-12-18(1904-12-18)December 18, 1904
March 20, 1952 (1952-03-20)
7004172590000000000♠47 years, 93 days
1975-03-08(1975-03-08)March 8, 1975
25,647 days (7004256470000000000♠70 years, 80 days)
1st of 2

26
Ford, JohnJohn Ford
Quiet ManThe Quiet Man
1894-02-01(1894-02-01)February 1, 1894
March 19, 1953 (1953-03-19)
7004215950000000000♠59 years, 46 days
1973-08-31(1973-08-31)August 31, 1973
29,065 days (7004290650000000000♠79 years, 211 days)
4th of 4
Held record as oldest winner for 12 award ceremonies (from the 25th to the 37th, March 1953–April 1965)

27
Zinnemann, FredFred Zinnemann
From Here To EternityFrom Here to Eternity
1907-04-29(1907-04-29)April 29, 1907
March 25, 1954 (1954-03-25)
7004171320000000000♠46 years, 330 days
1997-03-14(1997-03-14)March 14, 1997
32,827 days (7004328270000000000♠89 years, 319 days)
1st of 2

28
Kazan, EliaElia Kazan
On The WaterfrontOn the Waterfront
1909-09-07(1909-09-07)September 7, 1909
March 30, 1955 (1955-03-30)
7004166400000000000♠45 years, 204 days
2003-09-28(2003-09-28)September 28, 2003
34,354 days (7004343540000000000♠94 years, 21 days)[8]
2nd of 2

29
Mann, DelbertDelbert Mann
MartyMarty
1920-01-30(1920-01-30)January 30, 1920
March 21, 1956 (1956-03-21)
7004132000000000000♠36 years, 51 days
2007-11-11(2007-11-11)November 11, 2007
32,062 days (7004320620000000000♠87 years, 285 days)

30
Stevens, GeorgeGeorge Stevens
GiantGiant
1904-12-18(1904-12-18)December 18, 1904
March 27, 1957 (1957-03-27)
7004190920000000000♠52 years, 99 days
1975-03-08(1975-03-08)March 8, 1975
25,647 days (7004256470000000000♠70 years, 80 days)
2nd of 2

31
Lean, DavidDavid Lean
Bridge On The River KwaiThe Bridge on the River Kwai
1908-03-25(1908-03-25)March 25, 1908
March 26, 1958 (1958-03-26)
7004182630000000000♠50 years, 1 day
1991-04-16(1991-04-16)April 16, 1991
30,337 days (7004303370000000000♠83 years, 22 days)
1st of 2

32
Minnelli, VincenteVincente Minnelli
GigiGigi
1903-02-28(1903-02-28)February 28, 1903
April 6, 1959 (1959-04-06)
7004204910000000000♠56 years, 37 days
1986-07-25(1986-07-25)July 25, 1986
30,463 days (7004304630000000000♠83 years, 147 days)

33
Wyler, WilliamWilliam Wyler
Ben-HurBen-Hur
1902-07-01(1902-07-01)July 1, 1902
April 4, 1960 (1960-04-04)
7004210970000000000♠57 years, 278 days
1981-07-27(1981-07-27)July 27, 1981
28,881 days (7004288810000000000♠79 years, 26 days)
3rd of 3

34
Wilder, BillyBilly Wilder
ApartmentThe Apartment
1906-06-22(1906-06-22)June 22, 1906
April 17, 1961 (1961-04-17)
7004200230000000000♠54 years, 299 days
2002-03-27(2002-03-27)March 27, 2002
34,977 days (7004349770000000000♠95 years, 278 days)[7]
2nd of 2

35
Robbins, JeromeJerome Robbins
West Side StoryWest Side Story
1918-10-11(1918-10-11)October 11, 1918
April 9, 1962 (1962-04-09)
7004158860000000000♠43 years, 180 days
1998-07-29(1998-07-29)July 29, 1998
29,146 days (7004291460000000000♠79 years, 291 days)
Shared

36
Wise, RobertRobert Wise
West Side StoryWest Side Story
1914-09-10(1914-09-10)September 10, 1914
April 9, 1962 (1962-04-09)
7004173780000000000♠47 years, 211 days
2005-09-14(2005-09-14)September 14, 2005
33,242 days (7004332420000000000♠91 years, 4 days)
Shared; 1st of 2

37
Lean, DavidDavid Lean
Lawrence Of ArabiaLawrence of Arabia
1908-03-25(1908-03-25)March 25, 1908
April 8, 1963 (1963-04-08)
7004201020000000000♠55 years, 14 days
1991-04-16(1991-04-16)April 16, 1991
30,337 days (7004303370000000000♠83 years, 22 days)
2nd of 2

38
Richardson, TonyTony Richardson
Tom JonesTom Jones
1928-06-05(1928-06-05)June 5, 1928
April 13, 1964 (1964-04-13)
7004130960000000000♠35 years, 313 days
1991-11-14(1991-11-14)November 14, 1991
23,172 days (7004231720000000000♠63 years, 162 days)

39
Cukor, GeorgeGeorge Cukor
My Fair LadyMy Fair Lady
1899-07-07(1899-07-07)July 7, 1899
April 5, 1965 (1965-04-05)
7004240130000000000♠65 years, 272 days
1983-01-24(1983-01-24)January 24, 1983
30,516 days (7004305160000000000♠83 years, 201 days)
Held record as oldest winner for 38 award ceremonies (from the 37th to the 75th, April 1965–March 2003)

40
Wise, RobertRobert Wise
Sound Of MusicThe Sound of Music
1914-09-10(1914-09-10)September 10, 1914
April 18, 1966 (1966-04-18)
7004188480000000000♠51 years, 220 days
2005-09-14(2005-09-14)September 14, 2005
33,242 days (7004332420000000000♠91 years, 4 days)
2nd of 2

41
Zinnemann, FredFred Zinnemann
Man For All SeasonsA Man for All Seasons
1907-04-29(1907-04-29)April 29, 1907
April 10, 1967 (1967-04-10)
7004218960000000000♠59 years, 346 days
1997-03-14(1997-03-14)March 14, 1997
32,827 days (7004328270000000000♠89 years, 319 days)
2nd of 2

42
Nichols, MikeMike Nichols
GraduateThe Graduate
1931-11-06(1931-11-06)November 6, 1931
April 10, 1968 (1968-04-10)
7004133050000000000♠36 years, 156 days
2014-11-19(2014-11-19)November 19, 2014
30,329 days (7004303290000000000♠83 years, 13 days)

43
Reed, CarolCarol Reed
OliverOliver!
1906-12-30(1906-12-30)December 30, 1906
April 14, 1969 (1969-04-14)
7004227510000000000♠62 years, 105 days
1976-04-25(1976-04-25)April 25, 1976
25,319 days (7004253190000000000♠69 years, 117 days)[9]

44
Schlesinger, JohnJohn Schlesinger
Midnight CowboyMidnight Cowboy
1926-02-16(1926-02-16)February 16, 1926
April 7, 1970 (1970-04-07)
7004161210000000000♠44 years, 50 days
2003-07-25(2003-07-25)July 25, 2003
28,283 days (7004282830000000000♠77 years, 159 days)

45
Schaffner, FranklinFranklin J. Schaffner
PattonPatton
1920-05-30(1920-05-30)May 30, 1920
April 15, 1971 (1971-04-15)
7004185820000000000♠50 years, 320 days
1989-07-02(1989-07-02)July 2, 1989
25,235 days (7004252350000000000♠69 years, 33 days)

46
Friedkin, WilliamWilliam Friedkin
French ConnectionThe French Connection
1935-08-29(1935-08-29)August 29, 1935
April 10, 1972 (1972-04-10)
7004133740000000000♠36 years, 225 days
2018-04-26
30,191 days (7004301910000000000♠82 years, 240 days)

47
Fosse, BobBob Fosse
CabaretCabaret
1927-06-23(1927-06-23)June 23, 1927
March 27, 1973 (1973-03-27)
7004167140000000000♠45 years, 277 days
1987-09-23(1987-09-23)September 23, 1987
22,007 days (7004220070000000000♠60 years, 92 days)

48
Hill, GeorgeGeorge Roy Hill
StingThe Sting
1921-12-20(1921-12-20)December 20, 1921
April 2, 1974 (1974-04-02)
7004190960000000000♠52 years, 103 days
2002-12-27(2002-12-27)December 27, 2002
29,592 days (7004295920000000000♠81 years, 7 days)

49
Coppola, FrancisFrancis Ford Coppola
Godfather Part 2The Godfather Part II
1939-04-07(1939-04-07)April 7, 1939
April 8, 1975 (1975-04-08)
7004131500000000000♠36 years, 1 day
2018-04-26
28,874 days (7004288740000000000♠79 years, 19 days)

50
Forman, MilosMiloš Forman
One Flew Over The Cuckoos NestOne Flew Over the Cuckoo's Nest
1932-02-18(1932-02-18)February 18, 1932
March 29, 1976 (1976-03-29)
7004161110000000000♠44 years, 40 days
2018-04-14(2018-04-14)April 14, 2018
31,467 days (7004314670000000000♠86 years, 55 days)
1st of 2

51
Avildsen, JohnJohn G. Avildsen
RockyRocky
1935-12-21(1935-12-21)December 21, 1935
March 28, 1977 (1977-03-28)
7004150730000000000♠41 years, 97 days
2017-06-16(2017-06-16)June 16, 2017
29,763 days (7004297630000000000♠81 years, 177 days)

52
Allen, WoodyWoody Allen
Annie HallAnnie Hall
1935-12-01(1935-12-01)December 1, 1935
April 3, 1978 (1978-04-03)
7004154640000000000♠42 years, 123 days
2018-04-26
30,097 days (7004300970000000000♠82 years, 146 days)

53
Cimino, MichaelMichael Cimino
Deer HunterThe Deer Hunter
1939-02-03(1939-02-03)February 3, 1939
April 9, 1979 (1979-04-09)
7004146750000000000♠40 years, 65 days
2016-07-02(2016-07-02)July 2, 2016
28,274 days (7004282740000000000♠77 years, 150 days)

54
Benton, RobertRobert Benton
Kramer Vs KramerKramer vs. Kramer
1932-09-29(1932-09-29)September 29, 1932
April 14, 1980 (1980-04-14)
7004173640000000000♠47 years, 198 days
2018-04-26
31,255 days (7004312550000000000♠85 years, 209 days)

55
Redford, RobertRobert Redford
Ordinary PeopleOrdinary People
1936-08-18(1936-08-18)August 18, 1936
March 31, 1981 (1981-03-31)
7004162960000000000♠44 years, 225 days
2018-04-26
29,836 days (7004298360000000000♠81 years, 251 days)

56
Beatty, WarrenWarren Beatty
RedsReds
1937-03-30(1937-03-30)March 30, 1937
March 29, 1982 (1982-03-29)
7004164350000000000♠44 years, 364 days
2018-04-26
29,612 days (7004296120000000000♠81 years, 27 days)

57
Attenborough, RichardRichard Attenborough
GandhiGandhi
1923-08-29(1923-08-29)August 29, 1923
April 11, 1983 (1983-04-11)
7004217750000000000♠59 years, 225 days
2014-08-24(2014-08-24)August 24, 2014
33,233 days (7004332330000000000♠90 years, 360 days)

58
Brooks, JamesJames L. Brooks
Terms Of EndearmentTerms of Endearment
1940-05-09(1940-05-09)May 9, 1940
April 9, 1984 (1984-04-09)
7004160410000000000♠43 years, 336 days
2018-04-26
28,476 days (7004284760000000000♠77 years, 352 days)

59
Forman, MilosMiloš Forman
AmadeusAmadeus
1932-02-18(1932-02-18)February 18, 1932
March 25, 1985 (1985-03-25)
7004193940000000000♠53 years, 35 days
2018-04-14(2018-04-14)April 14, 2018
31,467 days (7004314670000000000♠86 years, 55 days)
2nd of 2

60
Pollack, SydneySydney Pollack
Out Of AfricaOut of Africa
1934-07-01(1934-07-01)July 1, 1934
March 24, 1986 (1986-03-24)
7004188940000000000♠51 years, 266 days
2008-05-26(2008-05-26)May 26, 2008
26,993 days (7004269930000000000♠73 years, 330 days)

61
Stone, OliverOliver Stone
PlatoonPlatoon
1946-09-15(1946-09-15)September 15, 1946
March 30, 1987 (1987-03-30)
7004148060000000000♠40 years, 196 days
2018-04-26
26,156 days (7004261560000000000♠71 years, 223 days)
1st of 2

62
Bertolucci, BernardoBernardo Bertolucci
Last EmperorThe Last Emperor
1940-03-16(1940-03-16)March 16, 1940
April 11, 1988 (1988-04-11)
7004175580000000000♠48 years, 26 days
2018-04-26
28,530 days (7004285300000000000♠78 years, 41 days)

63
Levinson, BarryBarry Levinson
Rain ManRain Man
1942-04-06(1942-04-06)April 6, 1942
March 27, 1989 (1989-03-27)
7004171570000000000♠46 years, 355 days
2018-04-26
27,779 days (7004277790000000000♠76 years, 20 days)

64
Stone, OliverOliver Stone
Born On The Fourth Of JulyBorn on the Fourth of July
1946-09-15(1946-09-15)September 15, 1946
March 26, 1990 (1990-03-26)
7004158980000000000♠43 years, 192 days
2018-04-26
26,156 days (7004261560000000000♠71 years, 223 days)
2nd of 2

65
Costner, KevinKevin Costner
Dances With WolvesDances with Wolves
1955-01-18(1955-01-18)January 18, 1955
March 25, 1991 (1991-03-25)
7004132150000000000♠36 years, 66 days
2018-04-26
23,109 days (7004231090000000000♠63 years, 98 days)

66
Demme, JonathanJonathan Demme
Silence Of The LambsThe Silence of the Lambs
1944-02-22(1944-02-22)February 22, 1944
March 30, 1992 (1992-03-30)
7004175690000000000♠48 years, 37 days
2017-04-26(2017-04-26)April 26, 2017
26,727 days (7004267270000000000♠73 years, 63 days)

67
Eastwood, ClintClint Eastwood
UnforgivenUnforgiven
1930-05-31(1930-05-31)May 31, 1930
March 29, 1993 (1993-03-29)
7004229480000000000♠62 years, 302 days
2018-04-26
32,107 days (7004321070000000000♠87 years, 330 days)
1st of 2

68
Spielberg, StevenSteven Spielberg
Schindlers ListSchindler's List
1946-12-18(1946-12-18)December 18, 1946
March 21, 1994 (1994-03-21)
7004172600000000000♠47 years, 93 days
2018-04-26
26,062 days (7004260620000000000♠71 years, 129 days)
1st of 2

69
Zemeckis, RobertRobert Zemeckis
Forrest GumpForrest Gump
1951-05-14(1951-05-14)May 14, 1951
March 27, 1995 (1995-03-27)
7004160230000000000♠43 years, 317 days
2018-04-26
24,454 days (7004244540000000000♠66 years, 347 days)

70
Gibson, MelMel Gibson
BraveheartBraveheart
1956-01-03(1956-01-03)January 3, 1956
March 25, 1996 (1996-03-25)
7004146920000000000♠40 years, 82 days
2018-04-26
22,759 days (7004227590000000000♠62 years, 113 days)

71
Minghella, AnthonyAnthony Minghella
English PatientThe English Patient
1954-01-06(1954-01-06)January 6, 1954
March 24, 1997 (1997-03-24)
7004157830000000000♠43 years, 77 days
2008-03-18(2008-03-18)March 18, 2008
19,795 days (7004197950000000000♠54 years, 72 days)[10]

72
Cameron, JamesJames Cameron
TitanicTitanic
1954-08-16(1954-08-16)August 16, 1954
March 23, 1998 (1998-03-23)
7004159250000000000♠43 years, 219 days
2018-04-26
23,264 days (7004232640000000000♠63 years, 253 days)

73
Spielberg, StevenSteven Spielberg
Saving Private RyanSaving Private Ryan
1946-12-18(1946-12-18)December 18, 1946
March 21, 1999 (1999-03-21)
7004190860000000000♠52 years, 93 days
2018-04-26
26,062 days (7004260620000000000♠71 years, 129 days)
2nd of 2

74
Mendes, SamSam Mendes
American BeautyAmerican Beauty
1965-08-01(1965-08-01)August 1, 1965
March 26, 2000 (2000-03-26)
7004126560000000000♠34 years, 238 days
2018-04-26
19,261 days (7004192610000000000♠52 years, 268 days)

75
Soderbergh, StevenSteven Soderbergh
TrafficTraffic
1963-01-14(1963-01-14)January 14, 1963
March 25, 2001 (2001-03-25)
7004139500000000000♠38 years, 70 days
2018-04-26
20,191 days (7004201910000000000♠55 years, 102 days)

76
Howard, RonRon Howard
Beautiful MindA Beautiful Mind
1954-03-01(1954-03-01)March 1, 1954
March 24, 2002 (2002-03-24)
7004175550000000000♠48 years, 23 days
2018-04-26
23,432 days (7004234320000000000♠64 years, 56 days)

77
Polanski, RomanRoman Polanski
PianistThe Pianist
1933-08-18(1933-08-18)August 18, 1933
March 23, 2003 (2003-03-23)
7004254190000000000♠69 years, 217 days
2018-04-26
30,932 days (7004309320000000000♠84 years, 251 days)
Held record as oldest winner for 2 award ceremonies (from the 75th to the 77th, March 2003–February 2005)

78
Jackson, PeterPeter Jackson
Lord Of The Rings The Return Of The KingLord of the Rings: The Return of the King
1961-10-31(1961-10-31)October 31, 1961
February 29, 2004 (2004-02-29)
7004154610000000000♠42 years, 121 days
2018-04-26
20,631 days (7004206310000000000♠56 years, 177 days)

79
Eastwood, ClintClint Eastwood
Million Dollar BabyMillion Dollar Baby
1930-05-31(1930-05-31)May 31, 1930
February 27, 2005 (2005-02-27)
7004273010000000000♠74 years, 272 days
2018-04-26
32,107 days (7004321070000000000♠87 years, 330 days)
2nd of 2
Has held record as oldest winner for 13 award ceremonies (from the 77th through the 90th, February 2005–March 2018)

80
Lee, AngAng Lee
Brokeback MountainBrokeback Mountain
1954-10-23(1954-10-23)October 23, 1954
March 5, 2006 (2006-03-05)
7004187610000000000♠51 years, 133 days
2018-04-26
23,196 days (7004231960000000000♠63 years, 185 days)
1st of 2

81
Scorsese, MartinMartin Scorsese
DepartedThe Departed
1942-11-17(1942-11-17)November 17, 1942
February 25, 2007 (2007-02-25)
7004234760000000000♠64 years, 100 days
2018-04-26
27,554 days (7004275540000000000♠75 years, 160 days)

82
Coen, EthanEthan Coen
No Country For Old MenNo Country for Old Men
1957-09-21(1957-09-21)September 21, 1957
February 24, 2008 (2008-02-24)
7004184180000000000♠50 years, 156 days
2018-04-26
22,132 days (7004221320000000000♠60 years, 217 days)
Shared

83
Coen, JoelJoel Coen
No Country For Old MenNo Country for Old Men
1954-11-29(1954-11-29)November 29, 1954
February 24, 2008 (2008-02-24)
7004194450000000000♠53 years, 87 days
2018-04-26
23,159 days (7004231590000000000♠63 years, 148 days)
Shared

84
Boyle, DannyDanny Boyle
Slumdog MillionaireSlumdog Millionaire
1956-10-20(1956-10-20)October 20, 1956
February 22, 2009 (2009-02-22)
7004191180000000000♠52 years, 125 days
2018-04-26
22,468 days (7004224680000000000♠61 years, 188 days)

85
Bigelow, KathrynKathryn Bigelow
Hurt LockerThe Hurt Locker
1951-11-27(1951-11-27)November 27, 1951
March 7, 2010 (2010-03-07)
7004212850000000000♠58 years, 100 days
2018-04-26
24,257 days (7004242570000000000♠66 years, 150 days)

86
Hooper, TomTom Hooper
Kings SpeechThe King's Speech
1972-10-01(1972-10-01)October 1, 1972
February 27, 2011 (2011-02-27)
7004140280000000000♠38 years, 149 days
2018-04-26
16,643 days (7004166430000000000♠45 years, 207 days)

87
Hazanavicius, MichelMichel Hazanavicius
ArtistThe Artist
1967-03-29(1967-03-29)March 29, 1967
February 26, 2012 (2012-02-26)
7004164050000000000♠44 years, 334 days
2018-04-26
18,656 days (7004186560000000000♠51 years, 28 days)

88
Lee, AngAng Lee
Life of PiLife of Pi
1954-10-23(1954-10-23)October 23, 1954
February 24, 2013 (2013-02-24)
7004213090000000000♠58 years, 124 days
2018-04-26
23,196 days (7004231960000000000♠63 years, 185 days)
2nd of 2

89
Cuaron, AlfonsoAlfonso Cuaron
GravityGravity
1961-11-28(1961-11-28)November 28, 1961
March 2, 2014 (2014-03-02)
7004190870000000000♠52 years, 94 days
2018-04-26
20,603 days (7004206030000000000♠56 years, 149 days)

90
Iñárritu, Alejandro GonzálezAlejandro González Iñárritu
Birdman or (The Unexpected Virtue of Ignorance)Birdman or (The Unexpected Virtue of Ignorance)
1963-08-15(1963-08-15)August 15, 1963
February 22, 2015 (2015-02-22)
7004188190000000000♠51 years, 191 days
2018-04-26
19,978 days (7004199780000000000♠54 years, 254 days)
1st of 2

91
Iñárritu, Alejandro GonzálezAlejandro González Iñárritu
Revenant The Revenant
1963-08-15(1963-08-15)August 15, 1963
February 28, 2016 (2016-02-28)
7004191900000000000♠52 years, 197 days
2018-04-26
19,978 days (7004199780000000000♠54 years, 254 days)
2nd of 2

92
Chazelle, DamienDamien Chazelle
La La Land La La Land
1985-01-19(1985-01-19)January 19, 1985
February 26, 2017 (2017-02-26)
7004117260000000000♠32 years, 38 days
2018-04-26
12,150 days (7004121500000000000♠33 years, 97 days)
Holds record for youngest winner

93
Del Toro, GuillermoGuillermo del Toro
Shape of Water The Shape of Water
1964-10-9(1964-10-09)October 9, 1964
March 4, 2018 (2018-03-04)
7004195040000000000♠53 years, 146 days
2018-04-26
19,557 days (7004195570000000000♠53 years, 199 days)

#
Director
Film
Date of birth
Date of award
Age upon
receiving award
Date of death
Lifespan
Notes

text:
Jump up ^ Official website of the Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences
Jump up ^ Official ceremony promotional website for the Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences
Jump up ^ Official database website of the Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences Archived 2008-09-13 at the Wayback Machine.
^ Jump up to: a b The first Best Directing Oscar was divided between Comedy and Dramatic films.
^ Jump up to: a b c Frank Capra (lifespan 7004344400000000000♠94 years, 108 days) is one of three directors (alongside Billy Wilder and Elia Kazan) to have lived over 55 years (7004206420000000000♠56 years, 188 days) after receiving the award.
Jump up ^ Victor Fleming (lifespan 7004218660000000000♠59 years, 318 days) is one of two directors (alongside Carol Reed) to have lived less than 10 years (7003323400000000000♠8 years, 312 days) after receiving the award.
^ Jump up to: a b Billy Wilder holds the record for longest lifespan (7004349770000000000♠95 years, 278 days). He is one of three directors (alongside Frank Capra and Elia Kazan) to have lived over 55 years (7004204740000000000♠56 years, 20 days) after receiving the award.
^ Jump up to: a b Elia Kazan (lifespan 7004343540000000000♠94 years, 21 days) is one of three directors (alongside Billy Wilder and Frank Capra) to have lived over 55 years (7004202800000000000♠55 years, 192 days) after receiving the award.
Jump up ^ Carol Reed (lifespan 7004253190000000000♠69 years, 117 days) is one of two directors (alongside Victor Fleming) to have lived less than 10 years (7003256800000000000♠7 years, 11 days) after receiving the award.
Jump up ^ Anthony Minghella holds the record for shortest lifespan (7004197950000000000♠54 years, 72 days).


document_title: The Dark Tower (series)

question_text: when was the first dark tower book published

text: The Dark Tower (series)

text: Overview[edit]

text: Plot summary[edit]

text: In the story, Roland Deschain is the last living member of a knightly order known as gunslingers and the last of the line of "Arthur Eld", his world's analogue of King Arthur. Politically organized along the lines of a feudal society, it shares technological and social characteristics with the American Old West but is also magical. Many of the magical aspects have vanished from Mid-World, but traces remain as do relics from a technologically advanced society. Roland's quest is to find the Dark Tower, a fabled building said to be the nexus of all universes. Roland's world is said to have "moved on", and it appears to be coming apart at the seams. Mighty nations have been torn apart by war, entire cities and regions vanish without a trace and time does not flow in an orderly fashion. Sometimes, even the sun rises in the north and sets in the east. As the series opens, Roland's motives, goals and age are unclear, though later installments shed light on these mysteries.

text: For a detailed synopsis of the novels, see the relevant article for each book.

text: Characters[edit]

text: Along his journey to the Dark Tower, Roland meets a great number of both friends and enemies. For most of the way he is accompanied by a group of people who together with him form the Ka-tet of the Nineteen and Ninety-nine, consisting of Jake Chambers, Eddie Dean, Susannah Dean, and Oy. Among his many enemies on the way are The Man In Black, Mordred and The Crimson King.

text: Language[edit]

text: King created a language for his characters, known as the High Speech. Examples of this language include the phrases Thankee, Sai ("Thank you, Sir/Ma'am.") and Dan-Tete ("Little Savior"). In addition, King uses the term Ka, which is the approximate equivalent of destiny, or fate, in the fictional language High Speech (and similarly, Ka-tet, a group of people bound together by fate/destiny). This term originated in Egyptian mythology and storytelling, and has figured in several other novels and screenplays since 1976. The term also appears in King's short story, "Low Men in Yellow Coats", in which Ted describes its meaning to Bobby.

text: Series[edit]

text:
#
Title
Pages
Words[3]
Release
Awards

1
The Dark Tower: The Gunslinger
224
55,376
1982

2
The Dark Tower II: The Drawing of the Three
400
125,948
1987

3
The Dark Tower III: The Waste Lands
512
173,489
1991

4
The Dark Tower IV: Wizard and Glass
787
254,691
1997
1998 Locus Award nominee[4]

5
The Dark Tower V: Wolves of the Calla
714
242,776
2003
2004 Locus Award nominee[5]

6
The Dark Tower VI: Song of Susannah
432
118,221
2004
2005 Locus Award nominee[6]

7
The Dark Tower VII: The Dark Tower
845
272,273
2004
2005 British Fantasy Award winner[6]

8
The Dark Tower: The Wind Through the Keyhole
336
91,857
2012

Total
4,250
1,334,631

text: Continuation[edit]

text: While the series was declared finished with the publication of the seventh volume in 2004, King described in an interview in March 2009 an idea for a new short story he'd recently had: "And then I thought, 'Well, why don't I find three more like this and do a book that would be almost like modern fairy tales?' Then this thing started to add on bits and pieces so I guess it will be a novel." According to King, the idea was a new Dark Tower novel.

text: King said, regarding The Dark Tower, "It's not really done yet. Those seven books are really sections of one long über-novel."[7] Stephen King confirmed this during his TimesTalk event at The Times Center in New York City on November 10, 2009, and the next day King's official site posted that King will begin working on this novel in about eight months, with a tentative title being The Wind Through the Keyhole.[8] King noted that this novel should be set between the fourth and the fifth books of the series. The book, titled The Dark Tower: The Wind Through the Keyhole, was announced on Stephen King's official site on March 10, 2011, and was published on April 24, 2012.[9]

text: In July 2016, director Nikolaj Arcel confirmed that the Dark Tower film would be a sequel to the novels as well as a direct adaptation, with Roland in the next cycle of his journey to the Tower.[10]

text: Illustrations[edit]

text: Each book in the series was originally published in hardcover format with a number of full-color illustrations spread throughout. Each book contained works by a single illustrator only. Subsequent printings of each book in trade paperback format usually preserve the illustrations in full, except for books I and IV. Pocket-sized paperback reprints contain only black-and-white chapter or section header illustrations.

text: The illustrators who worked on each book are:

text:
Michael Whelan; The Dark Tower is among his early notable works.
Phil Hale – the only Dark Tower illustrator who created a second set of illustrations for a later printing of the book he illustrated.
Ned Dameron.
Dave McKean – the only Dark Tower illustrator to work in photocollages.
Jae Lee – an illustrator who had previously worked on the Marvel Comics adaptation of the series, illustrated The Wind Through the Keyhole.[11]
Bernie Wrightson – illustrator for 1960s and 1970s horror comics; he also provided the illustrations for King's novella "Cycle of the Werewolf" (1983).
Darrel Anderson – the only Dark Tower illustrator who used digital illustration techniques.
Michael Whelan – returning more than 20 years later as the only recurring Dark Tower illustrator.

text: Reception[edit]

text: This section needs expansion. You can help by adding to it. (August 2007)

text: Bill Sheehan of The Washington Post called the series "a humane, visionary epic and a true magnum opus" that stands as an "imposing example of pure storytelling," "filled with brilliantly rendered set pieces... cataclysmic encounters and moments of desolating tragedy."[12] Erica Noonan of the Boston Globe said, "There's a fascinating world to be discovered in the series" but noted that its epic nature keeps it from being user-friendly.[13] Allen Johnston of The New York Times was disappointed with how the series progressed; while he marveled at the "sheer absurdity of [the books'] existence" and complimented King's writing style, he said preparation would have improved the series, stating "King doesn't have the writerly finesse for these sorts of games, and the voices let him down."[14] Michael Berry of the San Francisco Chronicle, however, called the series' early installments "highfalutin hodgepodge" but the ending "a valediction" that "more than delivers on what has been promised."[15]

text: Other media[edit]

text: Tie-in books[edit]

text: The series has prompted related non-fiction books by authors besides King. Robin Furth has published the two-volume Stephen King's The Dark Tower: A Concordance, an encyclopedia-style companion to the series that she originally wrote for King's personal use. Bev Vincent has published The Road to The Dark Tower: Exploring Stephen King's Magnum Opus, a book containing back story, summary and analysis. Stephen King has endorsed both books.

text: Charlie the Choo-Choo is a "children's book" by Stephen King released in 2016, published under the pseudonym Beryl Evans. It is adapted from a section of King's previous novel The Dark Tower III: The Waste Lands. It was illustrated by Ned Dameron.

text: Prequel comic series[edit]

text: A prequel to the Dark Tower series, set around the time of the flashbacks in The Gunslinger and Wizard and Glass, has been released by Marvel Comics. With the project overseen by King, The Dark Tower: The Gunslinger Born is plotted by Robin Furth, scripted by Peter David, and illustrated by Jae Lee and Richard Isanove. The first issue of this first arc was released on February 7, 2007. A hardcover volume containing all seven issues was released on November 7, 2007.

text: The second arc in the Dark Tower comic series was released by Marvel Comics. Called The Long Road Home, the first issue was published on March 5, 2008. A hardcover volume containing all five issues was released on October 15, 2008.

text: The third arc in the Dark Tower comic series was released by Marvel Comics, and it is called The Dark Tower: Treachery. The first issue of the six issue arc was published on September 10, 2008. A hardcover volume containing all 6 issues was released on April 21, 2009.

text: Following the completion of the third arc a one-shot issue titled The Dark Tower: Sorcerer was released April 8, 2009. The story focuses on the history of the villainous wizard Marten Broadcloak.

text: The fourth arc in the Dark Tower comic series was released by Marvel Comics, and it is called The Dark Tower: The Fall of Gilead. The first issue of the six issue arc was published on May 13, 2009. A hardcover volume containing all 6 issues, as well as the Sorcerer One-Shot was released on February 2, 2010.

text: The fifth arc in the Dark Tower comic series was released by Marvel Comics, and it is called The Dark Tower: Battle of Jericho Hill. The first issue of the five issue arc was published on December 3, 2009. A hardcover volume containing all 5 issues was released on August 17, 2010.

text: Marvel Comics has also published three supplemental books to date that expand upon characters and locations first introduced in the novels. The Dark Tower: Gunslingers' Guidebook was released in 2007, The Dark Tower: End-World Almanac was released in 2008, and The Dark Tower: Guide to Gilead was released in 2009. All three books were written by Anthony Flamini, with Furth serving as creative consultant. End-World Almanac and Guide to Gilead feature illustrations by David Yardin.

text: Further comic adaptions[edit]

text: This section does not cite any sources. Please help improve this section by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. (July 2012) (Learn how and when to remove this template message)

text: An adaption of King's novel The Dark Tower: The Gunslinger, titled The Dark Tower: The Gunslinger - The Journey Begins, was made into a comic series and released by Marvel Comics. The first issue of the five-issue arc was published on May 19, 2010. The collected hardback edition was released on January 26, 2011.

text: An adaption of King's novella The Little Sisters of Eluria, titled The Dark Tower: The Gunslinger - The Little Sisters of Eluria, was made into a comic series and released by Marvel Comics. The first issue of the five-issue arc was published on December 8, 2010. The collected hardback edition was released on June 8, 2011.

text: A second adaption of King's novel The Dark Tower: The Gunslinger, titled The Dark Tower: The Gunslinger - The Battle of Tull, was made into a comic series and released by Marvel Comics. The first issue of the five-issue arc was published on June 1, 2011. The collected hardback edition was released on January 25, 2012.

text: A third adaption of King's novel The Dark Tower: The Gunslinger, titled The Dark Tower: The Gunslinger - The Way Station, was made into a comic series and released by Marvel Comics. The first issue of the five-issue arc was published on December 14, 2011. The collected hardback edition was released on June 27, 2012.

text: Discordia[edit]

text: December 7, 2009 saw the release of a spin-off online game titled Discordia,[16] available to play free of charge on the official Stephen King website. The game is a continuation of the original Dark Tower story, following the war between the Tet Corporation and Sombra/NCP in New York, and it has been supervised by both Stephen King and Robin Furth. From the website: "Exploring the behind-the-scenes conflict between the two companies, Discordia introduces long-time Dark Tower fans to new characters and numerous mechanical/magical items developed by Mid-World's Old Ones. Over the course of our adventure we will visit many locations, both those familiar to Dark Tower fans and others which we only glimpsed in the Dark Tower novels. While we may not see Roland and his ka-tet in this adventure, the development team has remembered the faces of its fathers. We have done our best to honor the original Dark Tower series while simultaneously mapping new and exciting Dark Tower territory."

text: Film adaptation[edit]

text: Initially, in 2007, J. J. Abrams was connected to a film adaptation[17] but later revealed he had removed himself from involvement in the project.[18] On September 8, 2010, an official announcement was made that the series would be brought to both the big and the small screens via a trilogy of feature films and two seasons of a television series to bridge gaps between the films.[19] According to a press release from Universal Pictures from October 29, 2010, the first Dark Tower film would open on May 17, 2013.[20] On July 19, 2011, Universal pulled its support from the production of the Dark Tower films and television series. According to reports, the studio was unable to come to terms with producer Ron Howard.[21] Despite this, Stephen King remained confident Howard would see the project through with another studio, and Howard confirmed the adaptation was still on track, noting that HBO would carry the television series portions of the project from then on.[22][23]

text: On March 13, 2012, it was reported that Warner Bros. Pictures was now interested in making at least the first film and that Russell Crowe, tipped to play Roland Deschain, was no longer on board. Reports indicated that filming might have commenced as early as the first quarter of 2013.[24] However, Warner eventually passed on the film.[25] Later, on April 10, 2015, it was reported that Sony Pictures and Media Rights Capital would be going ahead with the first film in the series alongside a television series, using a reworked script by Akiva Goldsman, who worked on the initial 2010 proposal, and Jeff Pinkner.[26] On June 2, 2015, Nikolaj Arcel was hired by the studio to direct the film.[27] On March 1, 2016, it was announced that Idris Elba and Matthew McConaughey had both joined the film, cast respectively as Roland Deschain and Walter O'Dim.[28] On May 3, 2017, the first official trailer was released.[29]The film was released on August 4. 2017.[30] Critics panned the film giving it a 18% on Rotten Tomatoes, while audiences liked it giving the movie a 64%.[31]

text: Potential sequel[edit]

text: In an interview with Collider, Stephen King expressed hope for a sequel film in addition to the upcoming television series, suggesting that it should be R-rated, with Roland wearing a hat, and that it would include the "lobstrosities" from The Drawing of the Three.[32] In an interview with ComingSoon.net, Nikolaj Arcel confirmed that The Drawing of the Three would form the basis for the sequel, and that unconfirmed actors who will play Eddie and Susannah Dean would appear alongside Elba, McConaughey, Taylor and Haley reprising their roles as Roland, Walter, Jake and Sayre respectively.[33]

text: Audiobooks[edit]

text: Currently there exist four audio versions of The Dark Tower series – in English, in German, in French and in Russian. The audio book in English published by Hodder & Stoughton features voices of George Guidall and Frank Muller[34] and has neither music nor sound effects. The audio book in German published by Deutschland Random House Audio introduces Vittorio Alfieri[35] and David Nathan[36] as the narrators. In French audiobooks published by Éditions Gallimard and narrated by Jacques Frantz[37].

text: In Russian, The Gunslinger, as narrated by Igor Knyazev[38], does not have any music or sound effects.

text: The multi-voiced audio books should necessarily be mentioned. Being created by Roman Volkov and published by Vargtroms Studio[39], they contain music and sound effects and make extensive use of voices of children, as well as older persons. Over a hundred actors have already been involved in the process of narration. The sound engineer of the project is Victor Pocotiljuk who is well known for his work with the rock band Aria. Thanks to him, this initially amateur project turned out to be a full-size saga with epic music, sound effects and sound-design. The audio books by Vargtroms Studio often include trailers of the upcoming projects, codas and bad takes.

text: Connections to King's other works[edit]

text: The series has become a lynchpin that ties together much of King's body of work. The worlds of The Dark Tower are in part composed of locations, characters, events and other various elements from many of King's novels and short stories. Some of the books that are tied to this series, or that this series references are It, The Stand, 'Salem's Lot, Insomnia, and Hearts In Atlantis. One of the more recent references to the Dark Tower series in a King novel was in the 2006 book Cell. In it, the main characters pass through a fair with one of the main attractions being a Charlie The Choo Choo train set. Charlie The Choo Choo is an antagonist in The Dark Tower series, primarily in The Wastelands and Wizard And Glass.