document_title: The Vampire Diaries (season 2)

question_text: what episode does caroline come into the originals

text: The Vampire Diaries (season 2)

text: Cast[edit]

text: Main[edit]

text:
Nina Dobrev as Elena Gilbert (22 episodes) / Katherine Pierce (18 episodes)
Paul Wesley as Stefan Salvatore (22 episodes)
Ian Somerhalder as Damon Salvatore (22 episodes)
Steven R. McQueen as Jeremy Gilbert (17 episodes)
Sara Canning as Jenna Sommers (15 episodes)
Kat Graham as Bonnie Bennett (17 episodes)
Candice Accola as Caroline Forbes (20 episodes)
Zach Roerig as Matt Donovan (15 episodes)
Michael Trevino as Tyler Lockwood (15 episodes)
Matt Davis as Alaric Saltzman (17 episodes)

text: Recurring[edit]

text:
Susan Walters as Carol Lockwood (13 episodes)
Daniel Gillies as Elijah Mikaelson (alias Smith) (12 episodes)
Marguerite MacIntyre as Sheriff Elizabeth "Liz" Forbes (8 episodes)
Taylor Kinney as Mason Lockwood (8 episodes)
David Anders as John Gilbert (7 episodes)
Bryton James as Luka Martin (7 episodes)
Randy J. Goodwin as Dr. Jonas Martin (6 episodes)
Michaela McManus as Jules (6 episodes)
Lauren Cohan as Rosemary "Rose" (5 episodes)
Dawn Olivieri as Andie Starr (4 episodes)
Joseph Morgan as Klaus Mikaelson (4 episodes)
Gino Anthony Pesi as Maddox (4 episodes)

text: Guest[edit]

text:
Tiya Sircar as Aimee Bradley (3 episodes)
Lisa Tucker as Greta Martin (3 episodes)
Trent Ford as Trevor (3 episodes)
Maiara Walsh as Sarah (2 episodes)
Stephen Amell as Brady (2 episodes)
Mia Kirshner as Isobel Flemming (2 episodes)
Trevor Peterson as Slater (1 episodes)
B.J. Britt as Carter (1 episode)
Courtney Ford as Vanessa Monroe (1 episode)
Simon Miller as George Lockwood (1 episode)
Natashia Williams as Lucy Bennett (1 episode)
Bree Condon as Alice (1 episode)
James Harvey Ward as Cody Webber (1 episode)
Ahna O'Reilly as Jessica Cohen (1 episode)
Arielle Kebbel as Alexia "Lexi" Branson (1 episode)
Bianca Lawson as Emily Bennett (voice only) (1 episode)
Malese Jow as Annabelle "Anna" (1 episode)
Kayla Ewell as Vicki Donovan (uncredited) (1 episode)

text: Episodes[edit]

text:
No.
overall
No. in
season
Title
Directed by
Written by
Original air date
Prod.
code
U.S. viewers
(millions)

23
1
"The Return"
J. Miller Tobin
Kevin Williamson & Julie Plec
September 9, 2010 (2010-09-09)
2J5251
3.28[5]

Picking up where the first season left off, Elena arrives home to discover the fates of Uncle John and Jeremy. Jeremy has not transitioned into a vampire, because he did not take enough drugs to die and Anna's blood overcame the overdose. Damon, Bonnie, and Elena agree that Caroline needs Damon's blood to survive. Damon realizes that Katherine has returned and is impersonating Elena. Tyler is surprised when his uncle, Mason Lockwood, arrives in town to console him. Katherine and Damon nearly sleep together, but Katherine tells Damon, "it will always be Stefan". Distraught, Damon goes to see Elena, who resists his attempt to kiss her. Angry that Elena also loves Stefan, Damon snaps Jeremy's neck. Jeremy survives because he is wearing a Gilbert ring, which protects the wearer from death from supernatural causes. Katherine goes to the hospital and smothers Caroline with a pillow. Before Caroline dies, Katherine gives her a message for the Salvatore brothers: "Game on."

24
2
"Brave New World"
John Dahl
Brian Young
September 16, 2010 (2010-09-16)
2J5252
3.05[6]

Caroline has become a vampire and awakens in the hospital craving blood. Tyler catches Mason searching for a moonstone, which is a family heirloom. At the carnival, Damon compels a boy named Carter to pick a fight with Tyler to provoke one of Tyler's bursts of anger. Mason breaks up the fight using his supernatural abilities, proving that he is a werewolf. Caroline confronts Damon about his abusive treatment, and he realizes that she is a vampire. He alerts Elena and Stefan, while a ravenous Caroline drains Carter. Stefan promises Caroline he will guide her journey as a vampire. Tyler retrieves the moonstone Mason has been seeking. Matt notices Caroline's erratic behavior but admits that he loves her.

25
3
"Bad Moon Rising"
Patrick Norris
Andrew Chambliss
September 23, 2010 (2010-09-23)
2J5253
3.57[7]

Elena, Damon, and Alaric head to Isobel's old office at Duke University, where it is revealed that vampires and werewolves used to roam freely until a shaman uttered a curse to limit their powers, after which the werewolves were servants of the moon and vampires became the slaves of the sun. Stefan teaches Caroline how to control herself and hunt animals. Bonnie makes Caroline a daylight ring so that she will not be burned by the sun. In werewolf form, Mason encounters Stefan and Caroline. Tyler saves them by shouting at the werewolf; he later finds Mason in the woods and realises what has happened. Unable to control herself, Caroline feeds on Matt. She compels him to forget it, but ends their relationship to keep him safe from her. Damon tells Elena Katherine's real name, Katerina Petrova, to aid Elena with her research. Alaric reaffirms his romantic interest in Jenna, and Caroline finds Katherine in her bedroom.

26
4
"Memory Lane"
Rob Hardy
Caroline Dries
September 30, 2010 (2010-09-30)
2J5254
3.18[8]

Katherine tells Stefan that she will kill Elena unless he ends his relationship with her, and as a result, Elena realizes that Caroline is working for Katherine. Elena and Katherine finally meet, but Katherine ignores Elena's questions. Damon stabs Mason with a silver knife, but Mason says it is only a myth that silver hurts werewolves. They are now enemies. Katherine remembers how in 1864, after Stefan and Damon were shot in an attempt to save her, she had kissed Stefan, declaring her love and saying they would be together again one day. Stefan and Elena stage a fake break-up to prevent Katherine from hurting anybody.

27
5
"Kill or Be Killed"
Jeff Woolnough
Mike Daniels
October 7, 2010 (2010-10-07)
2J5255
3.47[9]

At the Mystic Falls picnic, Mason Lockwood tells Sheriff Liz Forbes that Stefan and Damon are vampires. Liz and her fellow police officers shoot Stefan and Damon. Caroline and Elena reach the Salvatore's before Liz can kill them, but Caroline's identity as a vampire is exposed to her mother. Liz rejects Caroline as her daughter, and Stefan drinks Elena's blood to gain strength. Caroline confesses to Elena that Katherine had threatened to kill Matt if Caroline didn't spy on Elena and Stefan for her; Elena forgives Caroline. Jeremy and Tyler start to bond when Tyler learns that Jeremy knows about the curse. Tyler almost kills a girl, feeling for a second that he wants her to die. He then tells Mason that he wants nothing to do with the curse, and gives him the moonstone. It is revealed that Mason is working for Katherine, who wants the moonstone, and that they are lovers.

28
6
"Plan B"
John Behring
Elizabeth Craft & Sarah Fain
October 21, 2010 (2010-10-21)
2J5256
3.62[10]

Liz accepts Caroline, and Caroline compels her mother to forget that she is a vampire. Bonnie incapacitates Mason by giving him an aneurysm. Damon then questions and tortures Mason who, believing that Katherine loves him, refuses to talk. Telling Mason that Katherine is using him, Damon eventually kills him. Bonnie has a vision of the moonstone's location in a well. Stefan discovers that the well is full of vervain, which burns him. Caroline and Bonnie help Elena rescue Stefan and retrieve the moonstone. Katherine compels Jenna to stab herself. Fearful of what else Katherine might do, Elena breaks up with Stefan for good. Needing another werewolf, Katherine compels Matt to attack Tyler, so that Tyler will kill Matt and become a werewolf.

29
7
"Masquerade"
Charles Beeson
Kevin Williamson & Julie Plec
October 28, 2010 (2010-10-28)
2J5257
3.55[11]

Stefan, Damon, Bonnie, Jeremy, Alaric, and Caroline plan to kill Katherine at the Lockwoods' masquerade ball. Katherine is visited by Lucy, a witch who is to help her retrieve the moonstone. Under Katherine's compulsion, Matt fights Tyler. Caroline breaks up the fight, but Sarah, who is also compelled, stabs Tyler, and he accidentally breaks her neck. Tyler's eyes turn yellow, showing that the curse has been triggered. Stefan and Damon try to kill Katherine, but they stop when Jeremy tells them that every time they stake her, Elena is wounded. Katherine reveals that she had Lucy put a spell on Elena and herself, which linked them. Lucy, who is Bonnie's cousin, lifts the spell and incapacitates Katherine, who collapses. Damon traps Katherine in the underground tomb. As Elena heads home she is intercepted by a masked stranger.

30
8
"Rose"
Liz Friedlander
Brian Young
November 4, 2010 (2010-11-04)
2J5258
3.63[12]

A vampire named Trevor takes Elena to an abandoned house, where she meets Rose, another vampire. When Tyler witnesses Caroline's abilities, she reveals that she is a vampire. Elena overhears Rose and Trevor arguing about a vampire named Elijah. Using a spell, Bonnie locates Elena. Elena tries to extract information from Rose, who tells her that Elijah is one of the "original" vampires. Rose and Trevor are using Elena, the Petrova doppelgänger who is the key to breaking the curse, as a bargaining chip. Elijah arrives, and Rose offers him Elena in exchange for their pardon. Elijah agrees but kills Trevor. Elena tries to stall Elijah by saying that she knows where the moonstone is, but he compels her to tell him its location. Stefan and Damon arrive to fight with Elijah and stake him. Elena's vervain necklace remains at the house. Later that night, Damon is in Elena's bedroom with her vervain necklace in his hand. He tells her that he loves her but doesn't deserve her, and that Stefan does. Then he compels her to forget what he said. In the abandoned house, Elijah pulls the wooden stake out of his chest.

31
9
"Katerina"
J. Miller Tobin
Andrew Chambliss
November 11, 2010 (2010-11-11)
2J5259
3.50[13]

This episode's plot summary may be too long or excessively detailed. Please help improve it by removing unnecessary details and making it more concise. (November 2016) (Learn how and when to remove this template message)

The episode begins in Bulgaria in 1490 and shows Katherine giving birth to a baby girl. Her father says that she has shamed their family and takes the baby away. In the present, Elena goes to the tomb, where she offers Katherine blood in exchange for the truth - that a doppelgänger from the Petrova line can be used to break the curse. As Katherine's descendant, Elena is the current Petrova doppelgänger. Katherine reveals that she was expelled from Bulgaria and fled to England, where Elijah and Trevor found her. They recognized her as the Petrova doppelgänger and Elijah tried to kill her, but Trevor helped her to escape. She became a vampire so that she could not be used to break the curse. Katherine came to Mystic Falls to offer Klaus what he needed to lift the curse: the current doppelgänger, a witch, a werewolf, a vampire, and the moonstone. She hoped that Klaus would spare her life in exchange for this. Bonnie meets a warlock named Luka and his father. Jeremy is jealous of Bonnie's attraction to Luka. Damon and Rose seek information about Klaus from Rose's vampire friend, Slater, but a healed Elijah overhears them. Damon and Rose sleep together, and Elijah compels Slater to stake himself. It is revealed that Luka and his father are working for Elijah.

32
10
"The Sacrifice"
Ralph Hemecker
Caroline Dries
December 2, 2010 (2010-12-02)
2J5260
3.46[14]

Elena and Rose go to ask Slater about Klaus, but they find his staked corpse. Elena uses information from Slater's computer to get Klaus's attention, saying she wants to surrender. Caroline and Tyler discover Mason's journal and the video diary that he used to document his transformations. Bonnie plans to lift the spell from the tomb and incapacitate Katherine so that Stefan can grab the moonstone, but Jeremy goes ahead with the plan alone and is captured by Katherine, who feeds on him. Stefan saves Jeremy but is trapped himself. Three vampires confront Damon, Rose, and Elena. Elijah kills the three vampires and then departs. Back home, a trapped Stefan makes Damon promise to protect Elena. Elijah informs Luka's father that Damon and Stefan will protect Elena, which is Elijah's goal.

33
11
"By the Light of the Moon"
Elizabeth Allen
Mike Daniels
December 9, 2010 (2010-12-09)
2J5261
3.16[15]

As the full moon approaches, Caroline helps Tyler prepare for his transformation. Stefan asks Katherine to prove that there is good in her, and she advises him to ask Isobel for help in finding Klaus. Bonnie seeks Luka's help to destroy the moonstone; they cast a spell, but Luka gives the moonstone to his father. Jules, a friend of Mason, arrives in Mystic Falls looking for him. Damon and Alaric try to trick her into having a drink mixed with wolfsbane. She reveals that she is a werewolf and tells Damon that he has been marked. Elijah makes a deal with Elena: she has to keep herself safe from Klaus (so that Elijah can use her as bait to kill Klaus) and in return, Elijah will protect her friends and family and free Stefan from the tomb. Caroline reunites with Tyler. At the Salvatore mansion, Jules, in wolf form, tries to attack Damon but instead bites Rose's shoulder, which becomes infected.

34
12
"The Descent"
Marcos Siega
Elizabeth Craft & Sarah Fain
January 27, 2011 (2011-01-27)
2J5262
3.55[16]

Stefan tries to contact Isobel and gets in touch with John Gilbert, who comes home. While Damon tries to get Jules to tell him how to cure the werewolf bite, he asks Elena to keep an eye on Rose, who becomes delirious and mistakes her for Katherine. Caroline and Matt confess their love for each other. Tyler's reaction to Caroline's generosity surprises her. Rose escapes from the Salvatore house and goes on a killing spree. Damon finds her and brought her back to the Salvatore's house, he then stakes her, while giving her a peaceful death by giving her a dream about her old home. He confesses to a stranger that he misses being human. He lets her go, but bites her soon after. Jules informs Tyler that she knows that he and Mason are werewolves. She tells him that more werewolves are coming.

35
13
"Daddy Issues"
Joshua Butler
Kevin Williamson & Julie Plec
February 3, 2011 (2011-02-03)
2J5263
3.22[17]

Tyler is furious that Caroline has kept Mason's death secret from him. Jenna becomes upset over the revelation that John is Elena's biological father. Jules meets her wolf-lover Brady and tells him she wants to leave town and take Tyler with them. Caroline asks Stefan to reason with Tyler, while Jules takes Caroline hostage. Jules tells Stefan to bring Tyler to her in exchange for Caroline. Stefan tries to make peace, but he fails, and Damon offers his "bloodier" method. Jules then calls on her wolf friends, and although Damon and Stefan are outnumbered, they kill most of the wolves. Tyler releases Caroline from the cage, but watches as Jules has Caroline at gunpoint. As Stefan and Damon are about to get staked, Jonas, on Elijah's behalf, incapacitates the remaining wolves. Tyler tries to apologize to Caroline, but she tells him they are no longer friends. Tyler tells Jules and Brady that Mason was probably killed because he found the moonstone. John says that he returned to protect Elena, and that the only way to kill an Original is with a dagger dipped in ash from a white oak as old as the Originals. John is shown to be still working with Katherine and trying to get her out of the tomb.

36
14
"Crying Wolf"
David Von Ancken
Brian Young
February 10, 2011 (2011-02-10)
2J5264
2.78[18]

Stefan and Elena spend a weekend at the Gilbert lakehouse, unaware that they've been followed by Tyler and Brady. Jenna worries that Alaric isn't being honest about his past. Jules and Brady explain the sun and moon curse to Tyler and lure him into helping them. Bonnie performs a hypnosis spell on Luka in order to get information. Luka reveals that Elijah plans to kill Klaus by making him vulnerable after he sacrifices Elena. He also reveals that Klaus has his sister, so he and his father are working for Elijah to help him kill Klaus. Jules and her friends torture Damon for information about the moonstone, but Elijah intervenes, kills most of the wolves, and saves Damon. Brady finds Stefan and shoots him with a wooden bullet, leaving Tyler to guard him. When Tyler learns that Elena has to die for the curse to be broken, he lets Stefan go. Stefan kills Brady to save Elena. Meanwhile, Jeremy and Bonnie confess their feelings for each other and kiss. Realising that Elena knew about Elijah's real plan for her, Stefan tells her that she is behaving like a martyr. Tyler tells Matt that he has feelings for Caroline but knows that Caroline loves Matt. The episode ends with Jules and Tyler leaving town.

37
15
"The Dinner Party"
Marcos Siega
Andrew Chambliss
February 17, 2011 (2011-02-17)
2J5265
3.07[19]

Elena reads one of Jonathan Gilbert's journals about a night when Stefan attacked him and killed two of the Fells. Stefan admits that he had been brutal and inhuman until Lexi showed him the path of love and humanity. Damon invites Elijah to the boarding house for a dinner party, intending to kill him. Jonathan Gilbert's journal reveals that if a vampire uses the dagger to kill an Original, both will die. After Stefan sends a warning, Alaric stabs and kills Elijah, but the body later disappears. Elena reads in the journal that if the dagger is removed, the Original will come back to life. John blackmails Alaric into returning his ring. Elijah shows up at the lake house telling Elena that the deal is off, but Elena threatens to kill herself and become a vampire so that she will no longer be useful to him. Elijah calls her out on a bluff, but Elena stabs herself. Elijah begs Elena to let him heal her, and she agrees, but then stabs him with the dagger, killing him again. Damon returns home to find Katherine there. Elijah's compulsion on her has worn off with his death, and she says she intends to help them.

38
16
"The House Guest"
Michael Katleman
Caroline Dries
February 24, 2011 (2011-02-24)
2J5266
2.98[20]

Discovering that Katherine is free, Elena is upset. Stefan and Bonnie try to persuade Jonas and Luka to work with them, but Jonas wants Elijah alive again. He performs a ritual that puts Luka in the boarding house in invisible form. Luka tries to remove the dagger from Elijah's body, but Katherine stops him. Luka then stakes Katherine, but Damon uses a flamethrower to prevent the removal of the dagger. Luka is fatally burned, and Jonas vows to avenge him by killing Elena. Bonnie tells Elena about her relationship with Jeremy and is surprised by Elena's positive response. Jonas appears at the Grill, looking for Elena. Bonnie tries to stop him, but he disables her; Matt intervenes, but Jonas stabs him. Caroline sees Matt dying and forces him to drink her blood to save his life. Jonas attacks Elena, but she proves to be Katherine, and she bites him. Alaric tells Jenna that he loves her. Bonnie reveals that Jonas has restored her powers and told her how to kill Klaus. Caroline tells Matt that she is a vampire, but he takes the news badly. Isobel shows up at Elena's house and tells Jenna that she is Elena's mother.

39
17
"Know Thy Enemy"
Wendey Stanzler
Mike Daniels
April 7, 2011 (2011-04-07)
2J5267
2.73[21]

Elena and Alaric become angry with John when Isobel's arrival devastates Jenna. Alaric is abducted by Maddox, a warlock from Klaus's inner circle. Meanwhile, Bonnie works with Jeremy and Damon to find the spell they need to gather the power of the witches killed in the massacre. Damon takes them to the site where the witches were burned. Matt demands to know what happened to Vicki. After Caroline tells him and then compels him to forget, it is revealed that Matt's involvement was a setup by Sheriff Forbes to find out everything about the vampires. Matt has drunk vervain, so the compulsion does not work. Isobel kidnaps Elena and then receives a phone call from Maddox, who tells her that she has finished what Klaus compelled her to do and is free to let Elena go. Isobel apologizes to Elena for being a disappointment as a mother, removes her necklace, and burns to death in the sun. Stefan and Damon realize that Bonnie is their new secret weapon since she now has tremendous power. Jeremy is upset because, if Bonnie uses too much power, she will die. Katherine, who had been set up by Isobel and taken by Maddox, wakes up to see Klaus take control of Alaric's body.

40
18
"The Last Dance"
John Behring
Michael Narducci
April 14, 2011 (2011-04-14)
2J5268
2.81[22]

Klaus (in Alaric's body) compels Katherine to tell him how the others plan to kill him. He then finds out that Bonnie has obtained power that could threaten his life. At the school dance, Jeremy confronts Bonnie about why she wants to kill herself for Elena, and Damon overhears. Jeremy goes to Stefan for help, and Stefan tells Elena about Bonnie's plans. Elena finally guesses who "Alaric" really is. Bonnie fights Klaus with her powers and appears to die. As Elena grieves, Damon tells her that Klaus must believe Bonnie is dead, but her death was faked. Realizing that Bonnie intends to endanger herself to defeat Klaus, Elena pulls the dagger out of Elijah's heart.

41
19
"Klaus"
Joshua Butler
Kevin Williamson & Julie Plec
April 21, 2011 (2011-04-21)
2J5269
2.70[23]

After Elena removed the dagger, Elijah wakes, and Elena makes another deal with him. In a flashback to 1492 England, Katherine meets Elijah and Klaus for the first time. Elijah and Klaus were raised as brothers, but Klaus was the result of their mother's affair with a man from a werewolf bloodline. Elijah's father hunted down the man and had him and his family killed, beginning the schism between werewolves and vampires. As a vampire/werewolf hybrid, Klaus can only be killed by a witch. The sun and moon curse was fake – the real curse is that Klaus's werewolf side had been forced into dormancy by witches. Jenna finally finds out about the vampires from Stefan and Klaus/Alaric. Elsewhere, Katherine is being held captive by Klaus. Damon finds her and gives her a vial of vervain to protect her from further compulsion. At the end of the episode, Maddox and Greta (Luka's sister) perform a ritual to release Klaus's spirit from Alaric's body and put it back into his own.

42
20
"The Last Day"
J. Miller Tobin
Andrew Chambliss & Brian Young
April 28, 2011 (2011-04-28)
2J5270
2.68[24]

Elijah tells Elena that the way to break the curse involves sacrifice a vampire and a werewolf. Maddox injures Carol Lockwood to make Tyler return to town, after which he and Greta kidnap Caroline and Tyler. Damon forces Elana to drink his blood so she will "survive" the sacrifice. Alaric returns as himself and gives the message from Klaus that the ritual will happen that night. Jenna forgives him. Damon realizes that if Klaus doesn't have a werewolf, he will be unable to complete the ritual, and Elena will have another month. He rescues Caroline and Tyler from the tomb and kills Maddox. Klaus takes Elena from the boarding house to begin the ritual. Damon informs Klaus that he has rescued the vampire and werewolf he needs for the ritual, but Klaus says he has backups. At the site of the ritual, Elena realizes that Klaus has turned Jenna and is using her as the vampire. Katherine makes Damon aware of a wolf bite he got from Tyler during his transformation.

43
21
"The Sun Also Rises"
Paul M. Sommers
Caroline Dries & Mike Daniels
May 5, 2011 (2011-05-05)
2J5271
2.84[25]

Matt and Caroline are in the Lockwood cellar while Tyler, in wolf form, attacks them, and they hide. Meanwhile, Greta the witch feeds Jenna her blood, completing Jenna's transformation into a vampire. Elijah is revealed to be seeking revenge on Klaus for killing his family and burying their bodies at sea. Klaus begins the ritual and kills Jules, the werewolf. Stefan offers to switch places with Jenna, but Klaus refuses and kills her. Bonnie performs a spell that can bring someone back to life by joining two people's souls, binding John and Elena. At the ritual grounds, Klaus drains Elena's blood and begins to transform. However, Bonnie uses her powers to weaken him while Damon kills Greta. Before Elijah can rip out his heart, Klaus says he didn't bury the bodies at sea and if he is killed, Elijah will never find them. Elijah listens to him and flees with Klaus. When Elena comes back to life, John dies. At Jenna's and John's funeral, Damon reveals to Stefan that he was bitten by Tyler and asks him to not tell Elena.

44
22
"As I Lay Dying"
John Behring
Turi Meyer & Al Septien & Michael Narducci
May 12, 2011 (2011-05-12)
2J5272
2.86[26]

This episode's plot summary may be too long or excessively detailed. Please help improve it by removing unnecessary details and making it more concise. (November 2016) (Learn how and when to remove this template message)

Damon apologizes to Elena for feeding her his blood. At home, he tries to kill himself by taking off his ring and walking into sunlight but is stopped by Stefan and locked in a cell. Klaus has completed the transformation into a wolf and awakens to find Elijah waiting for him. He makes Klaus remember his deal: he must reunite Elijah with their family, and Klaus does so by staking Elijah. Stefan seeks Klaus for a cure for Damon. Klaus then bites Katherine and feeds her his blood, revealing the cure for a werewolf bite. In exchange for a vial of his blood, Klaus wants Stefan to become a ripper again and leave Mystic Falls with him. Stefan drinks human blood to prove himself. Klaus gives Katherine the cure for Damon and allows her to leave. Sheriff Forbes, who wants to kill Damon, accidentally frees him from his cell. She later tracks him down and shoots at him but strikes and kills Jeremy instead. Bonnie begs the witches to bring Jeremy back to life saying that she loves him, and they do, warning of "consequences." Elena finds a delirious Damon, brings him home, and kisses him after he confesses his love. Katherine interrupts with Klaus's cure for the werewolf bite. Klaus tests Stefan, asking him to kill someone. Once Stefan does, Klaus says that they can leave Mystic Falls. At the Gilbert house, Jeremy finds his deceased vampire ex-girlfriends Anna and Vicki.

text: Production[edit]

text: On February 16, 2010, The CW officially renewed The Vampire Diaries for a full 22-episode second season.[1] It premiered on Thursday September 9, 2010, at 8 pm ET.[2] The season finale aired on May 12, 2011.[27]

text: Cast[edit]

text: On July 9, 2010, Entertainment Weekly announced Taylor Kinney would join the cast in a recurring role as Tyler's uncle Mason, a werewolf who comes to town after his brother dies. Katherine sends Mason to Mystic Falls to get the moonstone for her. He succeeds, but Damon and Stefan find out that he works with Katherine, and Damon kills him. Mason has been described as a "cool" uncle, sexy and athletic.[28] Lauren Cohan joined the cast as Rose, a 500-year-old vampire and possible love interest for Damon. She kidnaps Elena to hand her over to Elijah, but Elena is saved by Stefan and Damon. She then becomes their ally and even starts a small romantic relationship with Damon. She dies after being bitten by werewolf Jules.[29]

text: Michaela McManus joined the cast in a guest role as a werewolf who comes to town looking for answers about Mason's death.[30] She helps Tyler deal with the discovery that he is a werewolf, but is later killed during the sacrifice. Bryton James portrays warlock Luka Martin in season two. He befriends Bonnie, but it is later revealed that he and his father work for Elijah. When he tries to save Elijah invisibly, Damon burns him to death. His father Jonas Martin, played by Randy J. Goodwin in season two, is introduced as a friend of Elijah. He is a warlock who, in order to save his daughter Greta, is willing and able to help defeat Klaus.[31] He is later killed by Katherine, who is protecting the Salvatore brothers.[32]

text: Gino Anthony Pesi portrays Maddox at the end of season two, a warlock who works for Klaus. Matt shoots him to death when he tries to overcome Damon. On February 18, 2011, it was announced that British actor Joseph Morgan had signed on to play original vampire Klaus.[33]

text: Storylines[edit]

text: This section's plot summary may be too long or excessively detailed. Please help improve it by removing unnecessary details and making it more concise. (October 2011) (Learn how and when to remove this template message)

text: The second season focuses mainly on the arrival of Elena's doppelgänger Katherine Pierce and on her reasons for returning to Mystic Falls. It also introduces werewolves. Tyler's werewolf uncle, Mason Lockwood, arrives after the death of Tyler's father and tells Tyler about the so-called "Lockwood curse" in their family. To activate the werewolf gene, the person must kill someone. Katherine turns Caroline into a vampire, so as to have a spy against Stefan and Elena. Katherine's main reason for returning to Mystic Falls is to find the moonstone, with the help of Mason, who is killed by Damon. Katherine calls in a favor from a witch named Lucy to get the stone. Lucy casts a spell so that when Katherine is hurt, it also affects Elena.

text: When Lucy finds out that another Bennett is at the party and that Katherine had deceived her, she puts a spell on the moonstone, injuring Katherine. Damon then leaves her in the original tomb where she is trapped until the spell has been removed from the tomb. She tells him that her reason for not killing Elena is that she is in danger. Elena is later kidnapped by a masked individual and held hostage by vampires Rose and Trevor, who have been on the run from the Originals (the first generation of vampires). Rose reveals to Elena that she is the Petrova doppelgänger and needs to be sacrificed to break the sun and moon curse. Katherine was also a Petrova doppelgänger, who used Trevor to help her escape from the Originals and Rose to turn her into a vampire to save herself. Elena is rescued by Stefan and Damon by stabbing Elijah with a sharp wooden pole and they escape.

text: Klaus, one of the original vampires, arrives and is now hunting Elena. His brother Elijah has made a deal with Elena to protect her loved ones, because he wants to use her as bait to lure Klaus and kill him. Jules, a friend of Mason, tells the Lockwoods that Mason never came back to Florida and is missing. Alaric is suspicious of Jules and calls Damon to the Grill (local town hangout). Jules reveals that she is a werewolf. Damon tells Jules she won't find Mason and to leave town. Jules breaks into the Salvatore mansion in wolf form and attacks Damon, but Rose pushes him out of the way, getting bitten on the shoulder instead (werewolf bites are lethal to vampires). As Rose succumbs to the effects of the bite, Damon stakes her in a glorious dream they share, giving her a peaceful death.

text: Uncle John returns to Mystic Falls and comes as an unpleasant surprise to Elena, Damon, Jenna, and Alaric. John reveals to Damon that the only way to kill an Original is with a dagger dipped in white ash wood. A boy named Luka settle in the town with his father (they are both warlocks) and reveals that they are working for Elijah because Klaus has his sister Greta and they want him (Luka) dead as well. Luka becomes friends with Bonnie and tells her that Klaus will be weakened by the sacrificial ritual, meaning that Elena has to die so that Elijah can kill him and free his sister. John gives Damon the special dagger to kill Elijah.

text: Elena finds out that if a vampire uses the dagger, that vampire will die. Stefan warns Damon and Alaric stabs Elijah, but he pulls the dagger out and tells Elena their deal is off. Elena stabs herself in the stomach, and Elijah begs her to let him heal her. She stabs him with the dagger and leaves it in him. Elijah's death means that Katherine is no longer compelled to stay in the tomb. She helps kill the Martin witches. When Isobel returns to town, Katherine double-crosses the Salvatores by kidnapping Elena and stealing the moonstone for Klaus in exchange for her freedom. But it is revealed that Klaus wanted Katherine and compelled Isobel to get her and the moonstone.

text: Klaus enters Alaric's body and compels Katherine to stay in Alaric's house. Bonnie and Jeremy find the site of the a witch massacre and Bonnie channels all the power. Alaric/Klaus blends with Stefan, Damon, and Elena and finds out that Bonnie has her powers. Damon tells Bonnie to put on a protection spell and make Alaric/Klaus believe that she is dead. Elena does not want Bonnie to die, so she pulls the dagger out of Elijah's heart. After Elijah comes to life, Elena learns the full history of Klaus. The Aztec curse is fake and there is a curse on Klaus, as he is a vampire born in a werewolf bloodline. There is a ritual that involves killing a vampire and a werewolf and a Petrova doppelganger, that will unearth the werewolf side of Klaus making him a hybrid.

text: Elena realizes that the real curse is on Klaus, who therefore wants to kill her. But Elijah says he has an elixir that can save Elena from dying. Elena believes Elijah, but Damon says that there is another way to save her life and feeds her his blood. Stefan tries to stop him, but he stabs in the chest with the wooden dagger. Elena then cries that she will be a vampire against her will. Maddox kidnaps Tyler and Caroline. Damon frees them and is bitten. Then he goes to Klaus to tell him that he does not have a werewolf and witch, as he killed Maddox. Klaus says that he has backups. Klaus takes Elena from Stefan. Elena sees Jenna, who thinks she is dead, but Greta tells her she is transitioning. Damon asks Katherine about the vampire, and she says that Jenna is the backup vampire. He then checks his arm and sees that Tyler has bitten him.

text: In the season's finale, Klaus is working on the ritual out in the woods and is near completion when he is about to kill Elena, but Stefan tries to work a deal with him. Klaus agrees to have Stefan work for him in exchange for Damon's protection. Elena is "killed" in the ritual but is shown to have survived. Regardless, Klaus's werewolf side is unleashed and he becomes the first hybrid, half vampire half werewolf. Bonnie arrives and subdues Klaus with her powers, giving Elijah the opportunity to strike, but Klaus talks him down offering to help find their siblings. Elena's survival is revealed as John had Bonnie cast a spell that had him die in Elena's place. The next morning John succumbs and dies. At his funeral, Elena reads a note from John saying he will always love her and she will always be his daughter, even if she becomes a vampire. Damon also shows where he was bitten and walks away.

text: Reception[edit]

text: Ken Tucker of Entertainment Weekly wrote, "The throbbing red heart of The Vampire Diaries remains the tension between Damon and Paul Wesley's Stefan, and their mutual attraction to whomever Dobrev is embodying at the time."[34] Mark A. Perigard of the Boston Herald said, "The triangle – quadrangle? – becomes more twisted by episode's end. It leads to shocking violence against outsiders that deepens the tragedy and the mythology at the core of the show. "Game on" just might be the two most chilling words uttered this season."[34] Matt Roush of TV Guide commented, "The Vampire Diaries is the sort of show where 'never say die' is written into the mythology – a good thing for several of the opening hour's apparent victims. I don't know how much longer The Vampire Diaries can keep churning stories at this feverish rate, but if this is your sort of guilty pleasure, you'd be crazy not to bite."[34]

text: Ratings[edit]

text: DVR viewers[edit]

text:
No.
Title
Air date
18–49 rating (Live + SD)
Viewers
(millions) increase
Total 18-49 increase
Total viewers
(millions)
Ref

02
"Brave New World"
September 16, 2010 (2010-09-16)
1.4
0.91
1.9
3.96
[35]

03
"Bad Moon Rising"
September 23, 2010 (2010-09-23)
1.4
0.92
1.9
4.49
[36]

04
"Memory Lane"
September 30, 2010 (2010-09-30)
1.2
0.95
1.8
4.13
[37]

06
"Plan B"
October 21, 2010 (2010-10-21)
1.7
1.04
2.2
4.66
[38]

07
"Masquerade"
October 28, 2010 (2010-10-28)
1.7
0.85
2.2
4.40
[39]

08
"Rose"
November 4, 2010 (2010-11-04)
1.6
1.12
2.1
4.75
[40]

09
"Katerina"
November 11, 2010 (2010-11-11)
1.6
1.01
2.0
4.51
[41]

10
"The Sacrifice"
December 2, 2010 (2010-12-02)
1.6
1.07
2.1
4.53
[42]

11
"By the Light of the Moon"
December 9, 2010 (2010-12-09)
1.3
0.97
1.7
4.13
[43]

12
"The Descent"
January 27, 2011 (2011-01-27)
1.6
1.10
2.1
4.65
[44]

16
"The House Guest"
February 24, 2011 (2011-02-24)
1.3
1.13
1.8
4.11
[45]

17
"Know Thy Enemy"
April 7, 2011 (2011-04-07)
1.2
1.14
1.7
3.87
[46]

18
"The Last Dance"
April 14, 2011 (2011-04-14)
1.3
1.06
1.8
3.87
[47]

19
"Klaus"
April 21, 2011 (2011-04-21)
1.2
1.35
1.8
4.05
[48]

20
"The Last Day"
April 28, 2011 (2011-04-28)
1.2
1.34
1.8
4.02
[49]

21
"The Sun Also Rises"
May 5, 2011 (2011-05-05)
1.3
1.07
1.8
3.91
[50]

22
"As I Lay Dying"
May 12, 2011 (2011-05-12)
1.4
1.02
1.9
3.88
[51]

text: Accolades[edit]

text: For its second season The Vampire Diaries won five Teen Choice Awards, one People's Choice Award, and a nomination in Saturn Awards.

text: Home media[edit]

text: The Vampire Diaries Season 2 was made available on DVD and Blu-ray on August 30, 2011.[52] In region B, it was released on August 22, 2011.[53]


document_title: Flame test

question_text: what color flame test indicates the presence of strontium

root

text: Flame test

text: Process[edit]

text: The test involves introducing a sample of the element or compound to a hot, non-luminous flame, and observing the color of the flame that results. The idea of the test is that sample atoms evaporate and since they are hot, they emit light when being in flame. Bulk sample emits light too, but its light is not good for analysis. Bulk sample emits light primarily due to motion of the atoms, therefore its spectrum is broad, consisting of a broad range of colors. Separate atoms of sample present in flame can emit only due to electronic transitions between different atomic energy levels. Those transitions emit light of very specific frequencies, characteristic of chemical element itself. Therefore, the flame gets the color, which is primarily determined by properties of the chemical element of the substance being put into flame. The flame test is a relatively easy experiment to set up, and thus is often demonstrated or carried out in science classes in schools.

tag: p

text: Samples are usually held on a platinum wire cleaned repeatedly with hydrochloric acid to remove traces of previous analytes.[1] The compound is usually made into a paste with concentrated hydrochloric acid, as metal halides, being volatile, give better results. Different flames should be tried to avoid wrong data due to "contaminated" flames, or occasionally to verify the accuracy of the color. In high-school chemistry courses, wooden splints are sometimes used, mostly because solutions can be dried onto them, and they are inexpensive. Nichrome wire is also sometimes used.[1] When using a splint, one must be careful to wave the splint through the flame rather than holding it in the flame for extended periods, to avoid setting the splint itself on fire. The use of cotton swab[2] or melamine foam (used in "eraser" cleaning sponges)[3] as a support have also been suggested.

text: Sodium is a common component or contaminant in many compounds and its spectrum tends to dominate over others. The test flame is often viewed through cobalt blue glass to filter out the yellow of sodium and allow for easier viewing of other metal ions.

text: Results[edit]

text: The flame test is relatively quick and simple to perform, and can be carried out with the basic equipment found in most chemistry laboratories. However, the range of elements positively detectable under these conditions is small, as the test relies on the subjective experience of the experimenter rather than any objective measurements. The test has difficulty detecting small concentrations of some elements, while too strong a result may be produced for certain others, which tends to cause fainter colors to not appear.

text: Although the flame test only gives qualitative information, not quantitative data about the proportion of elements in the sample, quantitative data can be obtained by the related techniques of flame photometry or flame emission spectroscopy. Flame Atomic absorption spectroscopy Instruments, made by e.g. PerkinElmer or Shimadzu, can be operated in emission mode according to the instrument manuals.[4]

text: Common elements[edit]

text: Some common elements and their corresponding colors are:

text:
Symbol
Name
Color
Image

Al
Aluminium
Silver-white, in very hot such as an electric arc, light blue

As
Arsenic
Blue

B
Boron
Bright green

Ba
Barium
Pale/Apple green

Be
Beryllium
White

Bi
Bismuth
Azure

Ca
Calcium
Brick red, light green as seen through blue glass

Cd
Cadmium
Brick red

Ce
Cerium
Blue

Co
Cobalt
Silver-white

Cr
Chromium
Silver-white

Cs
Caesium
Blue-Violet

Cu(I)
Copper(I)
Bluish-green

Cu(II)
Copper(II) (non-halide)
Green

Cu(II)
Copper(II) (halide)
Blue-green

Ge
Germanium
Pale blue

Fe(II)
Iron(II)
Gold, when very hot such as an electric arc, bright blue, or green turning to orange-brown

Fe(III)
Iron(III)
Orange-brown

Hf
Hafnium
White

Hg
Mercury
Red

In
Indium
Indigo/Blue

K
Potassium
Lilac

Li
Lithium
crimson red; invisible through green glass

Mg
Magnesium
(none), but for burning Mg metal Intense White

Mn (II)
Manganese (II)
Yellowish green

Mo
Molybdenum
Yellowish green

Na
Sodium
Intense yellow; invisible through cobalt blue glass

Nb
Niobium
Green or blue

Ni
Nickel
Silver-white (sometimes reported as colorless)

P
Phosphorus
Pale bluish green

Pb
Lead
Blue/white

Ra
Radium
Crimson

Rb
Rubidium
Red-violet

Sb
Antimony
Pale green

Sc
Scandium
Orange

Se
Selenium
Azure

Sn
Tin
Blue-white

Sr
Strontium
Crimson to Scarlet, yellowish through green glass and violet through blue cobalt glass

Ta
Tantalum
Blue

Te
Tellurium
Pale green

Ti
Titanium
Silver-white

Tl
Thallium
Pure green

V
Vanadium
Yellowish Green

W
Tungsten
Green

Y
Yttrium
Carmine, Crimson, or Scarlet

Zn
Zinc
Colorless (sometimes reported as bluish-green)

Zr
Zirconium
Mild red

tag: table

text: Gold, silver, platinum, palladium, and a number of other elements do not produce a characteristic flame color, although some may produce sparks (as do metallic titanium and iron); salts of beryllium and gold reportedly deposit pure metal on cooling.


document_title: Adventure Time (season 1)

question_text: how many episodes in adventure time season 1

text: Adventure Time (season 1)

text: Development[edit]

text: Concept and creation[edit]

text: The season follows the adventures of Finn the Human, a human boy, and his best friend Jake, a dog with magical powers to change shape and grow and shrink at will. Finn and Jake live in the post-apocalyptic Land of Ooo, wherein they interact with the other major characters, including: Princess Bubblegum, The Ice King, Marceline the Vampire Queen, Lumpy Space Princess, and BMO.[1] Common storylines revolve around: Finn and Jake discovering strange creatures, rescuing princesses from the Ice King, and battling monsters in order to help others. Various other episodes deal with Finn attempting to understand his attraction towards Bubblegum.[1][2]

text: According to series creator Pendleton Ward, the show's style was influenced by his time attending the California Institute of the Arts (CalArts) and his experiences working as a writer and storyboard artist on The Marvelous Misadventures of Flapjack. In an interview with Animation World Network, Ward said he strives to combine the series' subversive humor with "beautiful" moments, using Hayao Miyazaki's film My Neighbor Totoro as inspiration.[3] Ward has also named Home Movies and Dr. Katz, Professional Therapist as influences, largely because both shows are "relaxing" and feature "conversational dialogue that feels natural [and] not over the top [nor] cartoony and shrill".[4] Ward described the show as a "dark comedy"; he said "dark comedies are my favorite, because I love that feeling – being happy and scared at the same time. It's my favorite way to feel – when I'm on the edge of my seat but I'm happy, that sense of conflicting emotions. And there's a lot of that in the show, I think."[5] Executive producer Fred Seibert compared the show's animation style to that of Felix the Cat and various Max Fleischer cartoons, but said that its world is also equally inspired by Dungeons and Dragons and video games.[6] Ward intends the show's world to have a certain physical logic instead of "cartoony slapstick"; even though magic exists in the story, the show's writers try to create an internal consistency in how the characters interact with the world.[3][6]

text: Although the show is set in a post-apocalyptic setting, according to Ward, the original intention was for the Land of Ooo to simply be "magical". After "Business Time" aired, in which an iceberg containing the bodies of reanimated business men floats to the surface of a lake, the show suddenly became post-apocalyptic, and Ward noted that the production crew "just ran with it."[5] Ward later described the setting as "candyland on the surface and dark underneath".[7]

text: Production[edit]

text: The show began as a single stand-alone animated short titled "Adventure Time", which ran for seven minutes. It aired in January 2007 and again as part of Frederator Studios' Random! Cartoons on December 7, 2008. After its release, the short video became a viral hit on the internet.[8] Frederator Studios then pitched an Adventure Time series to Nicktoons Network, but the network passed on it twice.[9] The studio approached Cartoon Network, which said it would be willing to produce a series if Ward could prove the short could be expanded into a full series while maintaining elements of the original's pilot.[10] Rob Sorcher, the chief content officer at Cartoon Network, was influential in getting the network to take a chance on the show; he recognized the series as "something that felt really indie ... comic book-y [and] really new".[11] Ward quickly rethought the concept of the pilot; he wanted a potential series to be "fully realized", rather than be characterized by the "pre-school vibe" that permeated the original film.[3] Ward's college friends Patrick McHale and Adam Muto helped him produce a rough storyboard that featured Finn and Princess Bubblegum going on a spaghetti-supper date.[9] Cartoon Network was not happy with this story and asked for another. Ward then created a storyboard for the episode "The Enchiridion!", which was his attempt to emulate the style of the original Nicktoons short. Cartoon Network approved the first season in September 2008, and "The Enchiridion!" was the first episode to enter into production.[9][10][12][13]

text: While many cartoons are based on script pitches to network executives, Cartoon Network allowed Adventure Time to "build their own teams organically" and communication through the use of storyboards and animatics.[7] Cartoon Network chief content officer Rob Sorcher explained that the network allowed this because the company was "dealing with artists who are primarily visual people" and by using storyboards, the writers and artists could learn and grow "by actually doing the work."[7] As such, Ward soon assembled a storyboarding team for the series, which was largely composed of "younger, inexperienced people" who had been found using the Internet.[14] However, Cartoon Network, worrying about the status of the show and the inexperience of its production members, hired three veteran animators who had worked on SpongeBob SquarePants to help guide Ward and his team: Derek Drymon (who served as executive producer for the first season of Adventure Time), Merriwether Williams (who served as head story editors for the show's first and second seasons), and Nick Jennings (who became the series' long-serving art director).[15] Thurop Van Orman, the creator of The Marvelous Misadventures of Flapjack, was also hired on as a supervising producer, providing guidance for the series' first two seasons.[16]

text: In addition to the 26 episodes created during the first season, several others were commissioned and storyboarded, but not produced. These include the episodes "Brothers in Insomnia" (written and storyboarded by Armen Mirzaian and Luther McLaurin, with revisions by Ako Castuera), "The Glorriors" (written and storyboarded by Joe Horne and Doug TenNapel), and "The Helmet of Thorogon" (outlined by Ward, Muto, McKeon, McHale, and Craig Lewis).[17][18] "Brothers in Insomnia" had been pitched to the network, although it was later scrapped.[15][19] "The Glorriors", according to Frederator Vice President Eric Homan, "was a casualty of jumping into production without having had any serious development time."[18] "The Helmet of Thorogon", despite initially being assigned the production number 692-008 (which would eventually be taken by the episode "Freak City"), never made it to the storyboard stage, although several pieces of background art for the episode were designed by Ghostshrimp.[17][20] The storyboards for "Brothers in Insomnia" and "The Glorriors" and the outline for "The Helmet of Thorogon" were later released on Fred Seibert's official Scribd page.[18][21][22] Furthermore, the episode "What Have You Done" was given the production number 27, despite only 26 episodes being ordered. This is because the original sixth episode was scrapped during production, and "What Have You Done" took its place, but was given a different code.[17] Due to this, some sources like The Futon Critic, give it the production number 692-006, whereas Frederator gave it the number 692-027.[17][23]

text: All of the season's episodes began as simple two-to-three-page outlines that contained the necessary plot information.[24] These outlines were then handed off to storyboard artists, who would then expand the rough outline into a full storyboard.[25] The episodes' design and coloring were done in Burbank, California. Animation was handled overseas in South Korea, by Rough Draft Korea and Saerom Animation.[26][27][28] The season was storyboarded and written by Muto, Elizabeth Ito, Ward, Sean Jimenez, McHale, Luther McLaurin, Armen Mirzaian, Kent Osborne, Pete Browngardt, Niki Yang, Cole Sanchez, Tom Herpich, Bert Youn, Ako Castuera, and J. G. Quintel.[nb 1] Quintel, who would later go on to create the popular Cartoon Network series Regular Show, co-wrote and boarded the episode "Ocean of Fear" after asking Ward if he wanted any freelance help for Adventure Time. Quintel and Ward had previously worked together on The Marvelous Misadventures of Flapjack.[29]

text: Cast[edit]

text: The voice actors for the season include: Jeremy Shada (Finn the Human), John DiMaggio (Jake the Dog), Tom Kenny (The Ice King), Hynden Walch (Princess Bubblegum), and Olivia Olson (Marceline the Vampire Queen). Ward himself provides the voice for several minor characters, as well as Lumpy Space Princess. Former storyboard artist Niki Yang voices the sentient video game console BMO, as well as Jake's girlfriend Lady Rainicorn in Korean.[30] Polly Lou Livingston, a friend of Pendleton Ward's mother, Bettie Ward, plays the voice of the small elephant Tree Trunks.[31][32] The Adventure Time cast records their lines together as opposed to doing it individually. This is to capture more natural sounding dialogue among the characters. Hynden Walch has described these group session as akin to "doing a play reading—a really, really out there play."[33]

text: The series also regularly employs guest voices for various characters. For instance, in the episode "Enchiridion!", John Moschitta, Jr., Mark Hamill, and Fred Tatasciore all lend their voices to various beings. In "Ricardio the Heart Guy", actor George Takei voices the titular villain. "Business Time" features Brian Posehn as one of the business men. Erik Estrada portrays King Worm in the episode "Evicted!" In "Memories of Boom Boom Mountain", Matt L. Jones voices the talking mountain. Andy Milonakis appears as the pie-throwing robot N.E.P.T.R. in the episode "What is Life?" Hamill reappears in the episode "Ocean of Fear", which also features opening and closing narration courtesy of Clancy Brown. Kerri Kenney-Silver portrays the Ice King's bride in the episode "When Wedding Bells Thaw". Michael Dorn portrays Gork in the episode "Freak City". Brown reappears in the episode "Dungeon" as a demon cat. Kevin Michael Richardson portrays the titular character in the episode "Donny". Finally, Lou Ferrigno plays the part of the being Billy in "His Hero".[30][34]

text: Various other characters are voiced by Tom Kenny, Dee Bradley Baker, Maria Bamford, and Steve Little.[30]

text: Broadcast and reception[edit]

text: Ratings[edit]

text: The episodes "Business Time" and "Evicted!" each were "previewed" on Cartoon Network before the official series launch date, on March 11 and 18, respectively.[35][36] The series officially premiered on April 5, 2010.[37] It debuted with the episodes "Slumber Party Panic" and "Trouble in Lumpy Space". The episode was watched by 2.5 million viewers.[38] The episode was a ratings smash; according to a press release sent out by Cartoon Network, the episode's timeslot saw triple digit percentage increases from the time period of the previous year. For instance, the entry was viewed by 1.661 million kids aged 2–11, which marked a 110 percent increase from the previous year. Furthermore, it was watched by 837,000 kids aged 9–14, which saw a 239 percent increase.[39] This also made it the most-watched episode of the first season.[38][40] The season finale, "Gut Grinder", was watched by 1.77 million viewers.[41] Originally, the first ten episodes were bundled into 30-minute airings. This means two of the eleven-minute segments were combined into one. Starting with the eleventh episode, "Wizard", the episodes dropped to only one, eleven-minute segment.[42]

text: Reviews and accolades[edit]

text: The season has received largely positive reviews from critics. Television critic Robert Lloyd, in an article for the LA Times, said it "strikes [him] as a kind of companion piece to the network's [then] currently airing Chowder and The Marvelous Misadventures of Flapjack. Each takes place in a fantastical land peopled with strange, somewhat disturbing characters and has at its center a young male person or person-like thing making his way in that world with the help of unusual, not always reliable, mentors."[43] He went on to say that the show is "not unlike CN's earlier Foster's Home for Imaginary Friends, about a boy and his imaginary friend, though darker and stranger and even less connected to the world as we know it."[43] Lloyd also compared it to "the sort of cartoons they made when cartoons themselves were young and delighted in bringing all things to rubbery life."[43]

text: After its release on DVD in 2012, the season received positive critical attention, although many reviewers initially expressed their unhappiness that the set was not initially released as a Blu-ray edition.[44][45] Wired wrote positively of the set, and applauded the release's bonus features.[46] R.L. Shaffer of IGN awarded the set a 7 out of 10, denoting a "good" release. He called the show a "rare treat", but was critical of the release's packaging, noting that "a few too many episodes are crammed onto the discs, leaving little room for these transfers to breathe" and that the video compression left something to be desired.[44] Tyler Foster of DVD Talk "highly recommended" the set, and wrote that the series is "bursting with imagination, sweetness, and a ridiculous sense of humor". Foster was particularly pleased with the characters, citing Ricardio and Marceline as highlights of the season. Furthermore, he wrote that "even the worst episode in this [season]—and I'm hard-pressed to pick one—is beautifully designed and packs at least one or two killer gags."[45]

text: The episode "My Two Favorite People" was nominated for a 2010 Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Short-format Animated Program, although the episode did not win.[47]

text: Episodes[edit]

text:
No.
overall
No. in
season
Title
Directed by
Written and storyboarded by
Original air date
Prod.
code [17]
U.S. viewers
(millions)

1
1
"Slumber Party Panic"
Larry Leichlitera
Patrick McHaleb
Elizabeth Ito & Adam Muto
April 5, 2010 (2010-04-05)
692-009
2.50[38]

Finn (voiced by Jeremy Shada) and Princess Bubblegum (voiced by Hynden Walch) must protect the Candy Kingdom from a horde of candy zombies they accidentally created and deal with the consequences of breaking a "royal promise." In the end, the two are able to avert the zombie apocalypse.

2
2
"Trouble in Lumpy Space"
Larry Leichlitera
Patrick McHaleb
Elizabeth Ito & Adam Muto
April 5, 2010 (2010-04-05)
692-015
2.50[38]

Finn must travel to Lumpy Space to find a cure for Jake (John DiMaggio), who contracted "The Lumps" from Lumpy Space Princess (voiced by Pendleton Ward) at Princess Bubblegum's marshmallow tea party. In Lumpy Space, Finn and Jake find the antidote, and the two are able to attend the "weekly Promcoming".

3
3
"Prisoners of Love"
Larry Leichlitera
Patrick McHaleb
Adam Muto & Pendleton Ward
April 12, 2010 (2010-04-12)
692-005
1.85[48]

Having discovered that the Ice King (voiced by Tom Kenny) has captured a number of princesses he sees as potential brides, Finn and Jake team up with the prisoners to set everybody free.

4
4
"Tree Trunks"
Larry Leichlitera
Patrick McHaleb
Sean Jimenez & Bert Youn
April 12, 2010 (2010-04-12)
692-016
1.85[48]

Tree Trunks (voiced by Polly Lou Livingston) joins Finn and Jake who go on a quest to fulfill her desire of picking a proposed legendary "crystal gem apple" in an evil forest. The three eventually find the tree, and Tree Trunks eats the apple, only to apparently explode and be transported to a crystal dimension.

5
5
"The Enchiridion!"
Larry Leichlitera
Patrick McHaleb
Patrick McHale, Adam Muto & Pendleton Ward
April 19, 2010 (2010-04-19)
692-001
2.10[49]

Finn and Jake go on a quest for the titular magical book that would prove them worthy of being righteous heroes. After passing through a series of trials and tribulations, Finn acquires the legendary book.

6
6
"The Jiggler"
Larry Leichlitera
Patrick McHaleb
Luther McLaurin & Armen Mirzaian
April 19, 2010 (2010-04-19)
692-011
2.10[49]

A strange creature attracted by Finn's auto-tuned singing voice follows the duo to their home and they keep him as a pet. Soon, however, the creature begins to show signs of sickness, and Finn and Jake realize the creature needs the love and attention of its mother. They then return it to its nest.

7
7
"Ricardio the Heart Guy"
Larry Leichlitera
Patrick McHaleb
Sean Jimenez & Bert Youn
April 26, 2010 (2010-04-26)
692-007
1.91[50]

Finn believes that Princess Bubblegum's new friend, a literal heart named Ricardio (voiced by George Takei), is evil, and is proven right after learning that Ricardio is the heart of the Ice King. Ricardio reveals that he wants to "make out" with Bubblegum's heart, but he is defeated by Finn and Jake.

8
8
"Business Time"
Larry Leichlitera
Patrick McHaleb
Luther McLaurin & Armen Mirzaian
April 26, 2010 (2010-04-26)
692-014
1.91[50]

Finn and Jake fall victim to their own laziness when they delegate their adventuring responsibilities to a group of businessmen they thawed from an iceberg. Eventually, the businessmen's efficiency causes them to become hazards to others, and they are refrozen into an iceberg.

9
9
"My Two Favorite People"
Larry Leichlitera
Patrick McHaleb
Kent Osborne & Pendleton Ward
May 3, 2010 (2010-05-03)
692-004
1.65[51]

Jake feels overwhelmed at not having enough time for Finn and his girlfriend, Lady Rainicorn (voiced by Niki Yang), so he tries to get them to hang out more. Eventually, Finn and Lady Raincorn become closer than Jake is comfortable with, and he starts feeling jealous.

10
10
"Memories of Boom Boom Mountain"
Larry Leichlitera
Patrick McHaleb
Sean Jimenez & Bert Youn
May 3, 2010 (2010-05-03)
692-010
1.65[51]

Finn, motivated by an upsetting experience when he was a baby, tries to reconfirm his desire for helping people out when confronted with one problem after another stemming from a violence-hating mountain.

11
11
"Wizard"
Larry Leichlitera
Patrick McHaleb
Pete Browngardt, Adam Muto & Bert Youn
May 10, 2010 (2010-05-10)
692-020
1.82[52]

Finn and Jake are coaxed by a skeleton man to enroll in a course for free magic powers. After becoming full-fledged wizards, they realize they were tricked into helping stop an asteroid for all of eternity. Finn rejects the status quo and thinks of a different way to avert the crisis.

12
12
"Evicted!"
Larry Leichlitera
Patrick McHaleb
Sean Jimenez & Bert Youn
May 17, 2010 (2010-05-17)
692-003
1.88[53]

Finn and Jake search the land of Ooo for a new home after a vampire queen named Marceline (voiced by Olivia Olson) claims the duo's treehouse as her own. Eventually, Marceline relents, because she thinks Finn and Jake are "cool".

13
13
"City of Thieves"
Larry Leichlitera
Patrick McHaleb
Sean Jimenez & Bert Youn
May 24, 2010 (2010-05-24)
692-012
1.83[54]

When confronted by a Tree Witch over how uncorruptible he is, Finn enters the City of Thieves with Jake to confront a thief who is believed to have stolen a flower basket from a little girl named Penny. However, staying pure of heart within the city proves to be easier said than done.

14
14
"The Witch's Garden"
Larry Leichlitera
Patrick McHaleb
Adam Muto, Kent Osborne & Niki Yang
June 7, 2010 (2010-06-07)
692-022
1.81[55]

Jake loses his enthusiasm for adventure when a witch strips him of his powers. After Finn is captured by a skeletal mermaid, Jake attempts to regain his powers; he realizes that he has to apologize to the witch in order to receive his powers, which he does.

15
15
"What Is Life?"
Larry Leichlitera
Patrick McHaleb
Luther McLaurin & Armen Mirzaian
June 14, 2010 (2010-06-14)
692-017
1.64[56]

Finn builds a Never-Ending Pie-Throwing Robot (N.E.P.T.R., voiced by Andy Milonakis) to pull a prank on Jake, but the machine's conscience is conflicted by the will of the Ice King when he is attacked by a lightning bolt that contained the Ice King's private particles. Eventually, N.E.P.T.R. choose to side with Finn.

16
16
"Ocean of Fear"
Larry Leichlitera
Patrick McHaleb
J.G. Quintel & Cole Sanchez
June 21, 2010 (2010-06-21)
692-025
2.00[57]

While Finn and Jake are playing by the sea, Finn realizes he is terrified of the ocean. The spectral Fear Feaster (voiced by Mark Hamill) taunts Finn about his fear, and Jake determines to help Finn overcome his fear of the ocean by traveling in it with a submarine.

17
17
"When Wedding Bells Thaw"
Larry Leichlitera
Patrick McHaleb
Kent Osborne & Niki Yang
June 28, 2010 (2010-06-28)
692-013
1.92[58]

The Ice King suppresses his kidnapping urges to wed a suspicious bride (voiced by Kerri Kenney-Silver) and convinces Finn and Jake to throw him a "manlorette party". Eventually, Finn and Jake realize that the Ice King has placed a curse ring on his bride's finger, and the duo stop the wedding.

18
18
"Dungeon"
Larry Leichlitera
Patrick McHaleb
Elizabeth Ito & Adam Muto
July 12, 2010 (2010-07-12)
692-023
2.48[59]

Finn's headstrong decision to explore a dungeon "in 11 minutes" in order to find the Crystal Eye causes a rift to form between Finn and Jake. Eventually, the duo reconcile their issues and discover the treasure, but are nearly killed, only to be saved by an irate Princess Bubblegum.

19
19
"The Duke"
Larry Leichlitera
Patrick McHaleb
Elizabeth Ito & Adam Muto
July 19, 2010 (2010-07-19)
692-019
1.84[60]

Finn turns Princess Bubblegum green and bald, and faces a moral quandary—whether to confess his mistake and be hated by his friend forever, or let Princess Bubblegum wrongly accuse the Duke of Nuts, who has a pudding obsession, instead.

20
20
"Freak City"
Larry Leichlitera
Patrick McHaleb
Tom Herpich & Pendleton Ward
July 26, 2010 (2010-07-26)
692-008
2.03[61]

After being transformed into a foot by Magic Man (voiced by Kenny), Finn goes to live with a band of misfits. The group realizes that by working together, they can overcome Magic Man. In the end, Magic Man returns Finn and the rest of misfits to his original form.

21
21
"Donny"
Larry Leichlitera
Patrick McHaleb
Adam Muto, Kent Osborne & Niki Yang
August 9, 2010 (2010-08-09)
692-018
N/A

Finn and Jake help a grass ogre named Donny (voiced by Kevin Michael Richardson) turn his life around, without realizing the ecological damage they may be causing in the process. After the duo realizes that Donny's obnoxious personality is necessary for nature, they reverse their aid.

22
22
"Henchman"
Larry Leichlitera
Patrick McHaleb
Luther McLaurin & Cole Sanchez
August 23, 2010 (2010-08-23)
692-021
2.17[62]

Finn takes his place as Marceline's new henchman. Marceline decides to prank Finn by telling him to do task that seem evil, but are actually benign. In the end, Marceline and Finn become friends after Finn saves her from a vampire-slaying Jake.

23
23
"Rainy Day Daydream"
Larry Leichlitera
Patrick McHaleb
Pendleton Ward
September 6, 2010 (2010-09-06)
692-002
2.17[63]

Stuck indoors due to a raining knife storm, Finn discovers that Jake can make his imagination come to life, which starts to cause chaos. The two rush to turn off Jake's imagination, but Finn realizes he must turn his on to achieve their ends.

24
24
"What Have You Done?"
Larry Leichlitera
Patrick McHaleb
Elizabeth Ito & Adam Muto
September 13, 2010 (2010-09-13)
692-027
1.89[40]

Without giving good details Princess Bubblegum tells Finn and Jake to capture the Ice King as their prisoner, but when they interrogate him they think that he is innocent. After realizing their grave mistake, Finn and Jake right the wrongs they have caused.

25
25
"His Hero"
Larry Leichlitera
Patrick McHaleb
Adam Muto, Kent Osborne & Niki Yang
September 20, 2010 (2010-09-20)
692-026
1.83[64]

The great warrior Billy (voiced by Lou Ferrigno) inspires Finn and Jake to practice nonviolence, but the duo finds it difficult to resist old ways. Finn and Jake eventually confront Billy, and manage to successfully explain to him that violence is sometimes necessary.

26
26
"Gut Grinder"
Larry Leichlitera
Patrick McHaleb
Ako Castuera & Bert Youn
September 27, 2010 (2010-09-27)
692-024
1.77[41]

Finn and Jake pursue a havoc-wreaking "Gut Grinder"—a creature that steals and eats others' gold. Jake begins to suspect he himself might be the culprit. Jake eventually battles and defeats the Gut Grinder, and Finn and Jake are able to return all of the stolen gold.

text:
^a Director
^b Creative director

tag: ul

text: Home media[edit]

text: Warner Home Video released multiple DVDs, consisting of region 1 and region 2 formats. My Two Favorite People, It Came from the Nightosphere, Jake vs. Me-Mow, The Suitor, Frost & Fire, and The Enchiridion were created for Region 1 markets containing some episodes of the first season.[65][66][67][68][69][70] All DVD releases can be purchased on the Cartoon Network Shop, and the individual episodes can be downloaded from both the iTunes Store and Amazon.com.[71][72][73]

text: Full season release[edit]

text: On July 10, 2012, Cartoon Network released The Complete First Season DVD, containing all episodes of the first season in region.[74] By July 29, the set had sold 151,535 copies.[75] A Blu-ray edition was released on June 4, 2013.[76]

text:
Adventure Time: The Complete First Season

Set details[2]
Special features[2]

26 episodes
2-disc set
1.78:1 aspect ratio
Subtitles: English
English (Dolby Stereo)

Commentary on 4 episodes by the actors, writers, and producers

"Trouble in Lumpy Space", "Prisoners of Love", "Ricardio the Heart Guy", and "Tree Trunks"

Animatics for "Slumber Party Panic", "The Enchiridion!", "Dungeon", and "Rainy Day Daydream"

Non-optional commentary on all four

"A Behind-the-Scenes Featurette"
"Behind-the-Scenes of the Behind-the-Scenes Featurette"
"'Adventure Time' Music with Casey + Tim" featurette
"A Music video"
"Finndemonium" video
"The Wand" mini-episode

Release dates

Region 1
Region 2
Region 4
Region A

July 10, 2012 (2012-07-10)[74]
December 9, 2013 (2013-12-09)[77]
November 17, 2012 (2012-11-17)[78]
June 4, 2013 (2013-06-04)[76]

text: Notes[edit]

text: Jump up ^ Information regarding story development and storyboard artists is taken from the opening credits of the season's twenty-six episodes.

tag: ol


document_title: Rockefeller Center Christmas Tree

question_text: where did the christmas tree at rockefeller center come from

text: Rockefeller Center Christmas Tree

text: Selection and decoration[edit]

text: Trees are traditionally donated to Rockefeller Center, which in turn donates the lumber after display. Until his death in 2009, the late David Murbach,[4] Manager of the Gardens Division of Rockefeller Center, scouted for the desired tree in upstate New York and surrounding states, and even Ottawa, Canada.[5]

text: The trees are now scouted by Erik Pauzé, Head Gardener at Rockefeller Center. Pauzé visits nurseries throughout the tri-state area while keeping his eye out for one-of-a-kind backyard trees. Trees may also be submitted for consideration through Rockefeller Center's web site. Pauzé and his team choose each year’s tree based on its heartiness and “Christmas tree shape,” as well as its ability to support the heavy ornaments.[6]

text: Once a tree is selected, a crane supports the tree while it is cut, then moved to a custom telescoping trailer able to transport trees up to 125 feet (38 m) tall, although the width of city streets around Rockefeller Center limits the height of the tree to 100 feet (30 m). Local business Christmas Tree Brooklyn provides support in delivering the tree safely into the city. On its way to Manhattan, the tree is often dressed in giant red bows or banners extending holiday greetings to witnesses. Trucks, barges, and even a transport plane have all been used to help the tree make the trip.[7]

text: Once at Rockefeller Center, the tree is supported[8] by four guy-wires attached at its midpoint and by a steel spike at its base. Scaffolding is erected around the tree to assist workers in hanging about 50,000 multi-colored LED lights and the star top.[9] The crystal star that has topped the tree since 2004 is 9.5 feet (2.9 m) in diameter and weighs 550 pounds (250 kg). This "Swarovski Star," containing 25,000 Swarovski crystals, 1 million facets, and LED lights, was created by German artist Michael Hammers.[10][11]

text: History[edit]

text: Although the official Christmas tree tradition at Rockefeller Center began in 1933 (the year 30 Rockefeller Plaza opened), an unofficial tradition began during the Depression-era construction of the Center, when workers decorated a smaller 20 foot (6.1 m) balsam fir with "strings of cranberries, garlands of paper, and even a few tin cans" on Christmas Eve (December 24, 1931), as recounted by Daniel Okrent in his history of Rockefeller Center.[12] According to Rockefeller Center, workers pooled their money for that unlit tree, with the garlands made by workers' families.

text: With the lighting of the 50-foot-tall (15 m) first official tree two years later, the tree became what Rockefeller Center dubbed "a holiday beacon for New Yorkers and visitors alike." A skating rink was opened below the tree in the plaza in 1936.[2] Rockefeller Center has observed the tree to be "from the beginning ... a gathering place and reflection of what was happening in the world around it."[13]

text: World War II ushered in simple, patriotic decorations, including red, white and blue unlit globes and painted wooden stars. In 1942, instead of one large tree, three more modest trees were raised, each decorated in one of the flag's colors. From 1944 until the war's end in 1945, the tree went unlit due to blackout regulations.[2] After the war, the year of darkness was left behind, as six ultraviolet light projectors were employed to make it appear as though the tree’s 700 fluorescent globes were glowing in the dark.[2]

text: By the 1950s, workers began using scaffolding to decorate the tree, as larger trees were accommodated. Before the decade was over, the decorating process called for 20 workers and nine days.[14] 1951 marked the first time that NBC televised the tree lighting with a special on The Kate Smith Show.[2]

text: In 1969, artist Valerie Clarebout’s towering wire herald angels were added to the Channel Gardens in front of the tree near Fifth Avenue. Clarebout created the 12 sculptures using 75 points of metal wire each.[15]

text: The 1971 tree, a 65-footer from East Montpelier, Vt., was the first to be mulched and recycled. It was turned into 30 three-bushel bags of mulch for the nature trails of upper Manhattan. Though the tree typically makes its journey on a truck bed, in 1998 it was flown in from Richfield, Ohio on the world’s largest transport plane.[2]

text: 1999 saw Rockefeller Center's tallest tree, a 100 foot (30 m) spruce from Killingworth, Conn.[16] In 2001, following the events of September 11, the tree was again decorated in hues of red, white and blue.[17]

text: In 2007, the tree went "green", converting to energy-efficient lighting with LEDs.[18] [19] The LEDs use 1,200 fewer kilowatts of electricity per day, enough to power a 2,000-square-foot home for a month.[2]

text: Also since 2007, each year after display, the tree has been milled into lumber and donated to Habitat for Humanity for use in house construction. [20]

text: The 2016 tree, a Norway Spruce from Oneonta, N.Y., is at 94 feet high the second tallest ever erected at Rockefeller Center. At 56 feet wide and over 30,000 pounds, the tree is the widest and heaviest to date, according to construction crews. [21]

text: Since 2011, the tree lighting ceremony has been followed by the singing of Joy to the World.

text: The decorated tree remains on display at Rockefeller Plaza, between West 48th and 51st Streets and Fifth and Sixth Avenues, at least through January 6 of the new year.

text: More than a half million people pass by the tree each day while it is on display, according to Rockefeller Center.[22]

text: Broadcasting[edit]

text: Since 1997, the lighting ceremony has been broadcast live on NBC in the first hour of primetime, live in the Eastern and Central time zones, and on tape elsewhere.[23] The ceremony is hosted by Today's Al Roker(1997- Present ), Savannah Guthrie (2012- Present ),and Hoda Kotb (2017- Present )

text: Yearly tree details[edit]

text:
Year
Original location
Tree type
Height
Lighting

2017
State College, PA[24]
Norway spruce
75 ft
November 29, 2017

2016
Oneonta, NY[25]
Norway spruce
94 ft
November 30, 2016

2015
Gardiner, NY[26]
Norway spruce
78 ft
December 2, 2015

2014
Danville, PA[27]
Norway spruce
85 ft
December 3, 2014

2013
Shelton, CT[28]
Norway spruce
76 ft
December 4, 2013

2012
Flanders, NJ[29]
Norway spruce
80 ft
November 28, 2012

2011
Mifflinville, PA
Norway spruce
74 ft
November 30, 2011

2010
Mahopac, NY[30]
Norway spruce
74 ft
November 30, 2010

2009
Easton, CT[31]
Norway spruce
76 ft
December 2, 2009

2008
Hamilton, NJ[32]
Norway spruce
72 ft
December 3, 2008

2007
Shelton, CT[33]
Norway spruce
84 ft
November 28, 2007

2006
Ridgefield, CT[34]
Norway spruce
88 ft
November 29, 2006

2005
Wayne, NJ[35]
Norway spruce
74 ft
November 30, 2005

2004
Suffern, NY[36]
Norway spruce
71 ft
November 30, 2004

2003
Manchester, CT[36]
Norway spruce
79 ft
December 3, 2003

2002
Bloomsbury, NJ[37]
Norway spruce
76 ft
December 4, 2002

2001
Wayne, NJ
Norway spruce
81 ft
November 28, 2001

2000
Buchanan, NY[38]
Norway spruce
80 ft
November 29, 2000

1999
Killingworth, CT[39]
Norway spruce
100 ft*
December 1, 1999

1998
Richfield, OH[40]
Norway spruce
75 ft
December 2, 1998

1997
Stony Point, NY
Norway spruce
70 ft
December 2, 1997

1996
Armonk, NY[41]
Norway spruce
90 ft
December 3, 1996

1995
Mendham, NJ
Norway spruce
75 ft
December 5, 1995

1994
Ridgefield, CT
Norway spruce
85 ft
December 2, 1994

1989
Montebello, NY[42]
Norway spruce
70 ft

1986
Nanuet, NY[43]
Norway spruce
68 ft

1980
Mahwah, NJ[44]
Norway spruce
70 ft

1978
Mahwah, NJ[45]
Norway spruce
75 ft

1963
Rockaway, NJ
Bruce Fir, Veit
84 ft

1957
Brighton, VT[46]
White spruce
67 ft

text: *Tallest Tree on Record