document_title: Royal Rumble (2018)

question_text: winner of the women's royal rumble match

question_tokens: winner of the women 's royal rumble match

text: Royal Rumble (2018)

text: Production[edit]

text: Background[edit]

text: As is tradition, the winner of the 30-man Royal Rumble earned a world championship match at WrestleMania 34 for his choice of either Raw's Universal Championship or SmackDown's WWE Championship. The event also hosted the first-ever 30-woman Royal Rumble, in which the winner earned a women's championship match at WrestleMania 34 for her choice of either Raw's Women's Championship or SmackDown's Women's Championship.

text: After Survivor Series, several women from NXT were promoted to the main rosters of both Raw and SmackDown. On the November 20, 2017 episode of Raw, Paige, who had been out with an injury since June 2016, returned along with the debuts of NXT's Mandy Rose and Sonya Deville, forming the heel group Absolution,[7] while similarly on the November 21 episode of SmackDown, NXT's Ruby Riott, Liv Morgan, and Sarah Logan debuted and formed the heel group The Riott Squad.[8] On the December 18, 2017 episode of Raw, with a larger roster of women on the main rosters, Raw Commissioner Stephanie McMahon scheduled the first-ever women's Royal Rumble match for the 2018 Royal Rumble, with the winner receiving a match at WrestleMania 34 for the top championship of their choice: Raw's Women's Championship or SmackDown's Women's Championship.[9] Both brands' respective commissioners and general managers agreed that the women's match would have all of the same rules as the men's match, including having 30 participants.[10] Stephanie was announced to join the commentary team for the women's match,[11] and television host Maria Menounos was announced to be the special guest ring announcer.[12][13]

text: Storylines[edit]

text: The card consisted of nine matches, including three on the pre-show, that resulted from scripted storylines and had results predetermined by WWE on both the Raw and SmackDown brands.[14][15] Storylines were produced on WWE's weekly television shows, Monday Night Raw, SmackDown Live, and 205 Live, the latter of which is cruiserweight-exclusive.[16][17] For the first time, the card was highlighted by two Royal Rumble matches.

text: On the October 16, 2017 episode of Raw, Kane returned from a ten-month hiatus and helped Braun Strowman to defeat Roman Reigns in a steel cage match. Kane was then added to Strowman's team at TLC: Tables, Ladders & Chairs in the 5-on-3 handicap Tables, Ladders, and Chairs match.[18] During the match, Kane accidentally hit Strowman with a chair, which caused tension between the two. Later on in the match, Kane turned on Strowman and crushed him in the back of a garbage truck; their team ultimately lost.[19] The two then feuded over the next several weeks, leading to a match on the December 11 episode to determine the number one contender against Brock Lesnar for the Universal Championship at the Royal Rumble, but the match ended in a double countout.[20] Raw General Manager Kurt Angle then decided that Lesnar would defend the title against both Kane and Strowman in a triple threat match at the event.[9] On the January 8 episode, Kane attacked Lesnar from behind, followed by an attack from Strowman. After laying Kane and Lesnar out backstage, Strowman knocked over a lighting rig and crushed both. Lesnar was taken to a medical facility while Kane refused medical attention.[1] Due to his actions, Strowman was removed from the triple threat match and fired by Angle. Strowman went on a rampage backstage, including destroying Angle's office and flipping over a tractor. Before he could do anymore damage, Raw Commissioner Stephanie McMahon rehired Strowman, putting him back into the Universal Championship match at the Royal Rumble.[21]

text: At Clash of Champions, SmackDown's Commissioner Shane McMahon and General Manager Daniel Bryan both refereed a tag team match pitting Kevin Owens and Sami Zayn against Randy Orton and Shinsuke Nakamura, where Owens and Zayn would have been fired from WWE had they lost. During the match, there was controversy between Shane and Bryan, which resulted in Bryan giving a fast count for Owens and Zayn to win.[22] Tensions between Shane and Bryan continued over the next couple of weeks, culminating on the final SmackDown of 2017, when Bryan scheduled Owens to face WWE Champion AJ Styles in a non-title match in the main event, much to the disapproval of Shane, who felt that Owens should not be in the main event, or facing the WWE Champion. That match ended when Zayn interfered, allowing Owens to win.[23] The next week, Zayn would also defeat Styles in a non-title match after interference from Owens. Enraged at back-to-back losses, Styles stated they might as well schedule him in a handicap match against Owens and Zayn, which Bryan took literally and scheduled for the Royal Rumble where Styles would also defend the WWE Championship against both men.[24] On the January 9 episode of SmackDown, Styles said that although it was unfair, he was confident that he would win; Owens and Zayn interrupted and claimed that they would become the first-ever co-WWE Champions.[25] On the final SmackDown before the Royal Rumble, Styles faced Owens and Zayn in back-to-back matches where Shane threatened that if one were to interfere in the other's match, that person would be fired. Styles managed to defeat Owens in the first match by submission, however, he would lose to Zayn in the second match.[26]

text: On the December 18, 2017 episode of Raw, Seth Rollins' tag team partner Dean Ambrose was injured by Samoa Joe.[9] The following week, despite both wanting to take on Joe to avenge Ambrose, Raw General Manager Kurt Angle instead had his (storyline) son, Jason Jordan, and Rollins team up to face Cesaro and Sheamus for the Raw Tag Team Championship; Jordan and Rollins defeated Cesaro and Sheamus to win the championship.[27] After the former champions confronted Angle about their contractual rematch, Angle scheduled it for the Royal Rumble.[1] On the January 15 episode, Jordan caused a distraction, allowing Titus Worldwide (Apollo Crews and Titus O'Neil) to again defeat Cesaro and Sheamus in a rematch from the previous week, which Rollins disapproved of as he did not like Jordan acting on his own. Cesaro and Sheamus would try and return the favor during Rollins' match against Finn Bálor, but it backfired, resulting in Rollins winning, and Cesaro and Sheamus brawling with Bálor Club members, Luke Gallows and Karl Anderson, at ringside.[21] On Raw 25 the next week, Jordan and Rollins were the guests on Christian's The Peep Show, which Cesaro and Sheamus interrupted and the two teams brawled where Rollins accidentally hit Jordan with a knee attack that was intended for Cesaro.[28]

text: At Clash of Champions, The Usos (Jey and Jimmy Uso) retained the SmackDown Tag Team Championship in a fatal-four-way match against Rusev and Aiden English, The New Day's Big E and Xavier Woods, and Chad Gable and Shelton Benjamin.[22] On the following episode of SmackDown, Gable and Benjamin defeated The Usos in a non-title match,[29] and they were awarded with a championship match on the first SmackDown of 2018, where they defeated The Usos to initially win the titles after pinning Jimmy Uso; however, Jimmy was not the legal man, and thus the match was restarted and The Usos retained their championship.[24] The following week, Gable and Benjamin confronted SmackDown General Manager Daniel Bryan over the incident. After questioning if they should have to defeat The Usos twice in the same night, Bryan decided that at the Royal Rumble, The Usos would defend the SmackDown Tag Team Championship against Gable and Benjamin in a two-out-of-three-falls match.[25]

text: On January 26, three matches were announced for the Royal Rumble pre-show. For SmackDown, it was announced that United States Champion Bobby Roode would have an open challenge for the title. Two tag team matches were scheduled for Raw: a rematch between Luke Gallows and Karl Anderson and The Revival (Dash Wilder and Scott Dawson) from Raw 25, and a six-man tag team match for the cruiserweight division with Kalisto, Gran Metalik, and Lince Dorado against Drew Gulak, TJP, and Gentleman Jack Gallagher.[12]

text: Cancellations[edit]

text: Two other matches had been promoted for the event, but were later removed.

text: The first was the tournament final for SmackDown's then-vacant United States Championship. Originally scheduled for the PPV, the finals were instead contested on the January 16 episode of SmackDown, where Bobby Roode defeated Jinder Mahal to win the title.[30]

text: The second was a championship match for the Raw brand where WWE Cruiserweight Champion Enzo Amore was scheduled to defend the title against Cedric Alexander.[21] However, after Amore was suspended from WWE on January 22 due to allegations of sexual harassment and sexual assault, the match was cancelled. Amore was released the next day and the title was vacated.[31][32]

text: Event[edit]

text:
Other on-screen personnel

Role:
Name:

English commentators
Michael Cole (Raw/both Royal Rumble matches)

Corey Graves (all matches)

Booker T (Raw)

Tom Phillips (SmackDown)

Byron Saxton
(SmackDown/Men's Royal Rumble match/Six-man tag team match)

Vic Joseph (Six-man tag team match)

Jerry Lawler (Men's Royal Rumble match)

Stephanie McMahon (Women's Royal Rumble match)

Spanish commentators
Carlos Cabrera

Marcelo Rodríguez

German commentators
Carsten Schaefer

Tim Haber

Calvin Knie

Ring announcers
Greg Hamilton (SmackDown/Men's Royal Rumble match)

JoJo (Raw)

Maria Menounos (Women's Royal Rumble match)

Referees
Jason Ayers

Shawn Bennett

Mike Chioda

John Cone

Dan Engler

Chad Patton

Charles Robinson

Rod Zapata

Interviewer
Renee Young

Pre-show panel
Renee Young

Peter Rosenberg

David Otunga

Jerry Lawler

John "Bradshaw" Layfield

Alundra Blayze

Ric Flair

text: Pre-show[edit]

text: Three matches were contested during the pre-show:

text: In the first match - featuring Raw's cruiserweight division - Kalisto, Gran Metalik, and Lince Dorado faced TJP, Gentleman Jack Gallagher, and Drew Gulak in a six man tag team match. Kalisto performed a Salida Del Sol on TJP to score the win.[33]

text: Next, also from Raw, The Revival (Dash Wilder and Scott Dawson) faced Luke Gallows and Karl Anderson. Dawson performed a Chop Block on Anderson to score the win.[33]

text: Finally, SmackDown's United States Champion Bobby Roode issued an open challenge, which was answered by fellow SmackDown wrestler Mojo Rawley. Roode performed a Glorious DDT on Rawley to score the pinfall and retain the title.[33]

text: Preliminary matches[edit]

text: The actual pay-per-view opened with AJ Styles defending the WWE Championship against Kevin Owens and Sami Zayn in a handicap match. In the end, Styles threw Zayn out of the ring and immediately Owens performed a Superkick on Styles. Owens - who was not the legal man - attempted a Pop Up Powerbomb on Styles, who countered into a roll up to retain the title. In a backstage segment, Owens and Zayn confronted SmackDown Commissioner Shane McMahon about the incident, however, after questioning if he saw what had happened, Shane smiled, replied "Yep", and walked off.[34]

text: Next, The Usos (Jey and Jimmy Uso) defended the SmackDown Tag Team Championship against Chad Gable and Shelton Benjamin in a 2-out-of-3-falls match. Jimmy and Jey performed a Double Superkick on Gable, who was kneeling, to score the first fall. Jey then pinned Benjamin with a small package to score the second fall to retain the title.[34]

text: After that, the 30-man Royal Rumble match for a world championship match at WrestleMania 34 was contested. Rusev and Finn Bálor began the match as the first and second entrants, respectively. Baron Corbin (#4) eliminated Rhyno (#3), but was eliminated by Bálor. Corbin attacked Bálor, Rusev, and Heath Slater (#5), who just made his entrance. NXT Champion Andrade "Cien" Almas was a surprise entrant at #7. Tye Dillinger was scheduled to be #10, but was attacked backstage by Kevin Owens and Sami Zayn, resulting in Zayn taking Dillinger's spot. Shinsuke Nakamura entered at #14 and eliminated Zayn. John Cena entered at #20 and eliminated Elias (#6) and The Hurricane (a surprise entrant at #21). NXT's Adam Cole, another surprise entrant, entered at #23. Randy Orton (#24) performed an RKO on Almas and eliminated him after a near 30 minute run. Rey Mysterio, another surprise entrant, entered at #27 and eliminated Cole. Roman Reigns entered at #28 and eliminated Titus O'Neil (#25). Reigns and Seth Rollins (#18) teamed up and performed a Powerbomb on The Miz (#26) over the top rope to eliminate him, after which, Reigns immediately eliminated Rollins. Dolph Ziggler, making his return after vacating the United States Championship, entered at #30 and eliminated Goldust (#29), but was eliminated by Bálor. Reigns performed a Superman Punch on Orton and eliminated Orton. Mysterio performed a 619 on Cena and Reigns, but was eliminated by Bálor. Bálor, Nakamura, Cena, and Reigns were the final four. Cena eliminated Bálor (who lasted nearly an hour) and immediately afterwards fought with Nakamura, who performed a Kinshasa on Cena to eliminate him. Nakamura attacked Reigns and attempted a Kinshasa, however, Reigns countered into a Spear. As Reigns attempted to eliminate Nakamura, Nakamura countered, performed a Kinshasa on Reigns and then eliminated Reigns to win the match. Afterward, Renee Young interviewed Nakamura and asked which world championship he wanted to challenge for at WrestleMania 34. He called out WWE Champion AJ Styles, thus choosing the WWE Championship and staying on SmackDown.[34]

text: Next, Seth Rollins and Jason Jordan defended the Raw Tag Team Championship against Cesaro and Sheamus. During the match, Jordan sustained a head injury (after being thrown into the ring post by Cesaro), rendering him unable to compete. In the end, Sheamus and Cesaro performed a White Noise/Diving Neckbreaker combination on Rollins to win the title for a record-setting fourth time as a team, and a record-setting fifth time for Cesaro individually.[34]

text: In the fifth match, Brock Lesnar defended the Universal Championship against Braun Strowman and Kane in a triple threat match. Kane performed a Chokeslam on Lesnar and Strowman attacked Kane. Lesnar struck Kane with a chair, only for Strowman to attack Lesnar with a running dropkick. After Strowman performed a Chokeslam on Kane, Lesnar performed three German Suplexes on Strowman. Strowman performed a Running Powerslam on Lesnar through a table, only for Kane to break up the pinfall at a two count. Kane then threw Strowman through a table positioned in the corner, and performed a Chokeslam on Strowman, with Lesnar breaking up the pinfall at a two count. Lesnar then performed an F-5 on Strowman through an announce table and overturned another announce table on top of Strowman. Lesnar then performed an F-5 on Kane through another announce table. Strowman performed two Running Powerslams on Lesnar, but Kane returned and struck Strowman with a chair. Lesnar knocked Strowman out of the ring and performed an F-5 on Kane to retain the title. After the match, an enraged Strowman yelled at Lesnar that he did not beat him.[34]

text: Main event[edit]

text: The main event was the first-ever 30-woman Royal Rumble match for a women's championship match at WrestleMania 34. Sasha Banks and Becky Lynch were the first and second entrants, respectively. There were numerous surprise entrants throughout the match - including Hall of Famers Lita, Jacqueline, Beth Phoenix, and Trish Stratus; NXT wrestlers Kairi Sane and NXT Women's Champion Ember Moon; and past stars Torrie Wilson, Molly Holly, Michelle McCool (who scored the most eliminations at 5), Vickie Guerrero, and Kelly Kelly. SmackDown's Nikki Bella, who had been on hiatus since WrestleMania 33, and her free agent twin sister Brie Bella were also unannounced entrants. Banks, Asuka (#25), Nikki, and Brie were the final four. Banks, Nikki, and Brie attacked Asuka, after which, Nikki and Brie eliminated Banks (who lasted the longest at nearly 55 minutes). Asuka attacked Nikki and Brie, but Nikki performed a Rack Attack 2.0 on Asuka and then eliminated Brie. After a back-and-forth exchange, Asuka eliminated Nikki to win the match and earn a women's championship match at WrestleMania 34. After the match, Raw Women's Champion Alexa Bliss and SmackDown Women's Champion Charlotte Flair entered the ring. Before Asuka could make her decision for which title she wanted to challenge for, they were interrupted by the surprise appearance of former UFC star Ronda Rousey, officially confirming she had signed full-time with WWE. Rousey pointed to the WrestleMania sign and offered a handshake to Asuka, who refused. Rousey then shook hands with Raw Commissioner Stephanie McMahon as the event ended. The jacket which Rousey wore during this appearance belonged to life long idol Roddy Piper, whose son let her borrow it.[36][34]

text: Aftermath[edit]

text: Raw[edit]

text: On Raw the following night, Raw Commissioner Stephanie McMahon convinced Asuka to wait until after Elimination Chamber to make her decision, as Raw Women's Champion Alexa Bliss was scheduled to defend her title in the first-ever women's Elimination Chamber match, and the result may affect Asuka's decision. Asuka was then confronted by Sasha Banks, who spent the longest time in the Royal Rumble match, and Banks challenged Asuka to a match that Asuka won.[37] Banks, along with Bayley, Mandy Rose, Mickie James, and Sonya Deville were announced as the other competitors in the Elimination Chamber match. Nia Jax was also scheduled to face Asuka at Elimination Chamber where if she were to win, she would be added to the Asuka's championship match at WrestleMania.[38] On the February 12 episode of Raw, it was announced that Ronda Rousey would sign her Raw contract at Elimination Chamber.[39] At SmackDown's Fastlane pay-per-view, Asuka appeared and decided to challenge Charlotte Flair for the SmackDown Women's Championship at WrestleMania.[40]

text: Since Shinsuke Nakamura decided to stay on SmackDown to challenge for the WWE Championship at WrestleMania 34, Raw General Manager Kurt Angle scheduled a number one contender's Elimination Chamber match at the namesake event to determine who would face Brock Lesnar for the Universal Championship at WrestleMania. Six qualification matches were scheduled over the next couple of weeks. Braun Strowman and Kane battled in a last man standing match, which Strowman won to qualify. After the match, Kane was taken to a local hospital.[37] Elias, John Cena, Roman Reigns, Intercontinental Champion The Miz, Finn Bálor, and Seth Rollins also qualified, marking the first seven-man Elimination Chamber match.[37][38][39]

text: New Raw Tag Team Champions Cesaro and Sheamus defended their titles against Titus Worldwide (Apollo Crews and Titus O'Neil), as they had beaten Cesaro and Sheamus two weeks in a row prior to the Royal Rumble; Cesaro and Sheamus retained.[37] The following week, Jason Jordan and Seth Rollins were scheduled to have their contractual rematch, but after Jordan was deemed unable to compete, he was replaced by Roman Reigns. Jordan, however, accidentally caused them to be disqualified.[38]

text: On 205 Live, Drake Maverick (formerly known as Rockstar Spud in Impact Wrestling) was appointed as the 205 Live General Manager. Maverick announced that there would be a 16-man single elimination tournament to crown a new WWE Cruiserweight Champion, with the finals to occur at WrestleMania 34.[41]

text: SmackDown[edit]

text: On the following episode of SmackDown, Shinsuke Nakamura celebrated his win at the Royal Rumble, and said he would become the new WWE Champion at WrestleMania 34. He was interrupted by Kevin Owens and Sami Zayn, who said that they should be the co-WWE Champions, but the referee failed at his job at the Royal Rumble. WWE Champion AJ Styles came out and said that Owens and Zayn could complain all they want, but there would be a dream match at WrestleMania between him and Nakamura. Styles then suggested to have a dream team that night with him and Nakamura facing Owens and Zayn, which SmackDown General Manager Daniel Bryan made official for later that night in which Styles and Nakamura won. During the match, there were tensions between Owens and Zayn as Bryan had also scheduled them to face each other the following week to determine the number one contender for the WWE Championship at Fastlane.[42][43] The championship match at Fastlane then became a fatal five-way also involving Baron Corbin and Dolph Ziggler[44] and finally a six-pack challenge when free agent John Cena qualified by defeating Styles in a non-title match.

text: In the mid-card, a fatal four-way match between Kofi Kingston of The New Day, Jinder Mahal, Zack Ryder, and Rusev occurred to determine the number one contender against Bobby Roode for the United States Championship, which was won by Rusev,[42] who was unsuccessful in winning the title.[43] Also following the Royal Rumble, SmackDown General Manager Daniel Bryan revealed the first-ever "SmackDown Top Ten List" as voted on by the SmackDown roster to see who the wrestlers thought should get a title opportunity.[42][43] This played into a storyline between Roode, who ranked 5th, Randy Orton, who ranked 9th, and Jinder Mahal, who did not rank, resulting in SmackDown Commissioner Shane McMahon scheduling Roode to defend the U.S. Championship against Orton at Fastlane.[45]

text: In the women's division, SmackDown Women's Champion Charlotte Flair praised the first-ever women's Royal Rumble match, but wished that she could have competed in it. She addressed Ronda Rousey's debut and questioned who her WrestleMania 34 opponent would be. The Riott Squad interrupted and Ruby Riott said Flair would not make it to WrestleMania and they attacked Flair. Carmella came out to try and cash-in her Money in the Bank briefcase on Flair, but was not able to as she accidentally knocked out the referee before the bell could ring.[42] After feuding with The Riott Squad over the next few weeks, Flair was scheduled to defend her title against Riott at Fastlane.[45]

text: Results[edit]

text:
No.
Results
Stipulations
Times[46][33][34]

1P
Kalisto, Gran Metalik, and Lince Dorado defeated TJP, Gentleman Jack Gallagher, and Drew Gulak
Six-man tag team match[47]
13:20

2P
The Revival (Dash Wilder and Scott Dawson) defeated Luke Gallows and Karl Anderson
Tag team match[48]
9:10

3P
Bobby Roode (c) defeated Mojo Rawley
Singles match for the WWE United States Championship[49]
7:45

4
AJ Styles (c) defeated Kevin Owens and Sami Zayn
Handicap match for the WWE Championship[50]
15:55

5
The Usos (Jey and Jimmy Uso) (c) defeated Chad Gable and Shelton Benjamin 2–0
2-out-of-3-falls match for the WWE SmackDown Tag Team Championship[51]
13:55

6
Shinsuke Nakamura won by last eliminating Roman Reigns
30-man Royal Rumble match for a world championship match at WrestleMania 34[52]
1:05:27

7
Cesaro and Sheamus defeated Seth Rollins and Jason Jordan (c)
Tag team match for the WWE Raw Tag Team Championship[53]
12:49

8
Brock Lesnar (c) (with Paul Heyman) defeated Kane and Braun Strowman
Triple threat match for the WWE Universal Championship[54]
10:55

9
Asuka won by last eliminating Nikki Bella
30-woman Royal Rumble match for a women's championship match at WrestleMania 34[55]
58:57[56]

(c) – refers to the champion(s) heading into the match
P – indicates the match took place on the pre-show

text: Men's Royal Rumble match entrances and eliminations[edit]

text:
Draw
Entrant
Brand
Order
Eliminated by
Time[57]
Elimination(s)

01 !1
Rusev
SmackDown
12
Bray Wyatt & Matt Hardy
30:28
0

02 !2
Finn Bálor
Raw
27
John Cena
57:38
4

03 !3
Rhyno
Raw
1
Baron Corbin
02:06
0

04 !4
Baron Corbin
SmackDown
2
Finn Bálor
01:06
1

05 !5
Heath Slater
Raw
4
Bray Wyatt
00:33**
1

06 !6
Elias
Raw
15
John Cena
26:00
0

07 !7
Andrade "Cien" Almas
NXT
18
Randy Orton
29:24
1

08 !8
Bray Wyatt
Raw
13
Matt Hardy
20:38
3

09 !9
Big E
SmackDown
8
Jinder Mahal
14:14
0

10 !10
Sami Zayn*
SmackDown
5
Shinsuke Nakamura
06:57
0

11 !11
Sheamus
Raw
3
Heath Slater
00:02***
0

12 !12
Xavier Woods
SmackDown
7
Jinder Mahal
08:24
0

13 !13
Apollo Crews
Raw
6
Cesaro
05:16
0

14 !14
Shinsuke Nakamura
SmackDown
30 !—
Winner
4438 !44:38
03 !3

15 !15
Cesaro
Raw
9
Seth Rollins
05:08
1

16 !16
Kofi Kingston
SmackDown
11
Andrade "Cien" Almas
05:41
1

17 !17
Jinder Mahal
SmackDown
10
Kofi Kingston
03:48
2

18 !18
Seth Rollins
Raw
22
Roman Reigns
19:01
2

19 !19
Matt Hardy
Raw
14
Bray Wyatt
01:17
2

20 !20
John Cena
Free agent
28
Shinsuke Nakamura
29:14
3

21 !21
The Hurricane
Free agent
16
John Cena
00:45
0

22 !22
Aiden English
SmackDown
17
Finn Bálor
02:16
0

23 !23
Adam Cole
NXT
19
Rey Mysterio
06:52
0

24 !24
Randy Orton
SmackDown
25
Roman Reigns
13:55
1

25 !25
Titus O'Neil
Raw
20
Roman Reigns
06:07
0

26 !26
The Miz
Raw
21
Roman Reigns & Seth Rollins
05:20
0

27 !27
Rey Mysterio
Free agent
26
Finn Bálor
09:39
1

28 !28
Roman Reigns
Raw
29
Shinsuke Nakamura
21:52
4

29 !29
Goldust
Raw
23
Dolph Ziggler
02:43
0

30 !30
Dolph Ziggler
SmackDown
24
Finn Bálor
02:01
1

text:
(*) - Tye Dillinger was announced as the #10 entrant, but was attacked backstage by Kevin Owens and Sami Zayn, resulting in Zayn taking his spot.
(**) - Heath Slater spent significant time outside of the ring before officially entering the Rumble, due to being attacked by Baron Corbin and other wrestlers.
(***) - WWE.com's official website lists Sheamus' time to be 20 seconds,[58] but they have otherwise stated 2 seconds.[59][60][61][62]

text: Women's Royal Rumble match entrances and eliminations[edit]

text:
Draw
Entrant
Brand
Order
Eliminated by
Time[56]
Elimination(s)

01 !1
Sasha Banks
Raw
27
Brie Bella & Nikki Bella
54:46
3

02 !2
Becky Lynch
SmackDown
14
Ruby Riott
30:54
2

03 !3
Sarah Logan
SmackDown
7
Molly Holly
16:30
0

04 !4
Mandy Rose
Raw
1
Lita
03:52
0

05 !5
Lita
HOF
3
Becky Lynch
05:51
2

06 !6
Kairi Sane*
NXT
4
Dana Brooke
04:49
0

07 !7
Tamina
SmackDown
2
Lita
01:34
0

08 !8
Dana Brooke
Raw
5
Torrie Wilson
02:59
1

09 !9
Torrie Wilson
Free agent
6
Sonya Deville
03:04
1

10 !10
Sonya Deville
Raw
8
Michelle McCool
06:41
1

11 !11
Liv Morgan
SmackDown
9
Michelle McCool
05:12
0

12 !12
Molly Holly
Free agent
10
Michelle McCool
04:04
1

13 !13
Lana
SmackDown
11
Michelle McCool
02:54
0

14 !14
Michelle McCool
Free agent
13
Natalya
08:38
5

15 !15
Ruby Riott
SmackDown
17
Nia Jax
11:32
2

16 !16
Vickie Guerrero
Free agent
12
Becky Lynch, Michelle McCool, Ruby Riott, & Sasha Banks
00:57
0

17 !17
Carmella
SmackDown
21
Nikki Bella
18:45
0

18 !18
Natalya
SmackDown
25
Trish Stratus
25:34
3

19 !19
Kelly Kelly
Free agent
16
Nia Jax
05:02
0

20 !20
Naomi
SmackDown
18
Nia Jax
06:49
0

21 !21
Jacqueline
HOF
15
Nia Jax
01:52
0

22 !22
Nia Jax
Raw
23
Asuka, Bayley, Brie Bella, Natalya, Nikki Bella, & Trish Stratus
17:56
4

23 !23
Ember Moon
NXT
20
Asuka
06:14
0

24 !24
Beth Phoenix
HOF
19
Natalya
02:22
0

25 !25
Asuka
Raw
30 !—
Winner
1941 !19:41
03 !3

26 !26
Mickie James
Raw
22
Trish Stratus
08:24
0

27 !27
Nikki Bella
SmackDown
29
Asuka
16:30
4

28 !28
Brie Bella
Free agent
28
Nikki Bella
11:58
2

29 !29
Bayley
Raw
24
Sasha Banks
05:04
1

30 !30
Trish Stratus
HOF
26
Sasha Banks
05:36
3

text: (*) - Kairi Sane was a last minute replacement for Alicia Fox, who was originally scheduled to participate in the match, but got injured just prior to the event.[63]


document_title: Artery

question_text: what is the name of the main artery which takes blood from the heart to the body

root

text: Artery

text: Structure[edit]

text: The anatomy of arteries can be separated into gross anatomy, at the macroscopic level, and microanatomy, which must be studied with the aid of a microscope. The arterial system of the human body is divided into systemic arteries, carrying blood from the heart to the whole body, and pulmonary arteries, carrying deoxygenated blood from the heart to the lungs.

tag: p

text: The outermost layer of an artery (or vein) is known as the tunica externa, also known as tunica adventitia, and is composed of connective tissue made up of collagen fibers. Inside this layer is the tunica media, or media, which is made up of smooth muscle cells and elastic tissue (also called connective tissue proper). The innermost layer, which is in direct contact with the flow of blood, is the tunica intima, commonly called the intima. This layer is mainly made up of endothelial cells. The hollow internal cavity in which the blood flows is called the lumen.

text: Development[edit]

text: Arterial formation begins when endothelial cells begin to express arterial specific genes, such as ephrin B2.[2]

text: Function[edit]

text: Arteries form part of the circulatory system. They carry blood that is oxygenated after it has been pumped from the heart. Coronary arteries also aid the heart in pumping blood. Arteries carry oxygenated blood away from the heart to the tissues, except for pulmonary arteries, which carry blood to the lungs for oxygenation (usually veins carry deoxygenated blood to the heart but the pulmonary veins carry oxygenated blood).[3] There are two types of unique arteries. The pulmonary artery carries blood from the heart to the lungs, where it receives oxygen. It is unique because the blood in it is not "oxygenated", as it has not yet passed through the lungs. The other unique artery is the umbilical artery, which carries deoxygenated blood from a fetus to its mother.

text: Arteries have a blood pressure higher than other parts of the circulatory system. The pressure in arteries varies during the cardiac cycle. It is highest when the heart contracts and lowest when heart relaxes. The variation in pressure produces a pulse, which can be felt in different areas of the body, such as the radial pulse. Arterioles have the greatest collective influence on both local blood flow and on overall blood pressure. They are the primary "adjustable nozzles" in the blood system, across which the greatest pressure drop occurs. The combination of heart output (cardiac output) and systemic vascular resistance, which refers to the collective resistance of all of the body's arterioles, are the principal determinants of arterial blood pressure at any given moment.

text: Systemic arteries are the arteries (including the peripheral arteries), of the systemic circulation, which is the part of the cardiovascular system that carries oxygenated blood away from the heart, to the body, and returns deoxygenated blood back to the heart. Systemic arteries can be subdivided into two types - muscular and elastic - according to the relative compositions of elastic and muscle tissue in their tunica media as well as their size and the makeup of the internal and external elastic lamina. The larger arteries (>10 mm diameter) are generally elastic and the smaller ones (0.1–10 mm) tend to be muscular. Systemic arteries deliver blood to the arterioles, and then to the capillaries, where nutrients and gases are exchanged.

text: After travelling from the aorta, blood travels through peripheral arteries into smaller arteries called arterioles, and eventually to capillaries. Arterioles help in regulating blood pressure by the variable contraction of the smooth muscle of their walls, and deliver blood to the capillaries.

text: Aorta[edit]

text: The aorta is the root systemic artery. In humans, it receives blood directly from the left ventricle of the heart via the aortic valve. As the aorta branches, and these arteries branch in turn, they become successively smaller in diameter, down to the arterioles. The arterioles supply capillaries, which in turn empty into venules. The very first branches off of the aorta are the coronary arteries, which supply blood to the heart muscle itself. These are followed by the branches off the aortic arch, namely the brachiocephalic artery, the left common carotid, and the left subclavian arteries.

text: Capillaries[edit]

text: The capillaries are the smallest of the blood vessels and are part of the microcirculation. The capillaries have a width of a single cell in diameter to aid in the fast and easy diffusion of gases, sugars and nutrients to surrounding tissues. Capillaries have no smooth muscle surrounding them and have a diameter less than that of red blood cells; a red blood cell is typically 7 micrometers outside diameter, capillaries typically 5 micrometers inside diameter. The red blood cells must distort in order to pass through the capillaries.

text: These small diameters of the capillaries provide a relatively large surface area for the exchange of gases and nutrients.

text: Clinical significance[edit]

text: Systemic arterial pressures, are generated by the forceful contractions of the heart's left ventricle. High blood pressure is a factor in causing arterial damage. Healthy resting arterial pressures, are relatively low, mean systemic pressures typically being under 100 mmHg, about 1.8 lbf/in², above surrounding atmospheric pressure (about 760 mmHg or 14.7 lbf/in² at sea level). To withstand and adapt to the pressures within, arteries are surrounded by varying thicknesses of smooth muscle which have extensive elastic and inelastic connective tissues. The pulse pressure, i.e. systolic vs. diastolic difference, is determined primarily by the amount of blood ejected by each heart beat, stroke volume, versus the volume and elasticity of the major arteries.

text: A blood squirt also known as an arterial gush is the effect when an artery is cut due to the higher arterial pressures. Blood is spurted out at a rapid, intermittent rate, that coincides with the heartbeat.The amount of blood loss can be copious, can occur very rapidly, and be life-threatening.[4]

text: Over time, factors such as elevated arterial blood sugar (particularly as seen in diabetes mellitus), lipoprotein, cholesterol, high blood pressure, stress and smoking, are all implicated in damaging both the endothelium and walls of the arteries, resulting in atherosclerosis. Atherosclerosis is a disease marked by the hardening of arteries. This is caused by an atheroma or plaque in the artery wall and is a build-up of cell debris, that contain lipids, (cholesterol and fatty acids), calcium[5][6] and a variable amount of fibrous connective tissue.

text: Accidental intra-arterial injection either iatrogenically or through recreational drug use can cause symptoms such as intense pain, paresthesia and necrosis. It usually causes permanent damage to the limb; often amputation is necessary.[7]

text: History[edit]

text: Among the ancient Greeks, the arteries were considered to be "air holders" that were responsible for the transport of air to the tissues and were connected to the trachea. This was as a result of finding the arteries of the dead devoid of blood.

text: In medieval times, it was recognized that arteries carried a fluid, called "spiritual blood" or "vital spirits", considered to be different from the contents of the veins. This theory went back to Galen. In the late medieval period, the trachea,[8] and ligaments were also called "arteries".[9]

text: William Harvey described and popularized the modern concept of the circulatory system and the roles of arteries and veins in the 17th century.

text: Alexis Carrel at the beginning of 20th century first described the technique for vascular suturing and anastomosis and successfully performed many organ transplantations in animals; he thus actually opened the way to modern vascular surgery that was before limited to vessels permanent ligation.

text: Theodor Kocher the Swiss researcher, reported that atherosclerosis often developed in patients who had undergone a thyroidectomy and suggested that hypothyroidism favors atherosclerosis, which was, in the 1900s at autopsies, seen more frequently in iodine-deficient Austrians compared to Icelanders, which are not deficient in iodine. Turner reported the effectiveness of iodide and dried extracts of thyroid in the prevention of atherosclerosis in laboratory rabbits.[10][citation needed]


document_title: Gold reserve

question_text: where is most of the worlds gold held

question_tokens: where is most of the worlds gold held

text: Gold reserve

text: Wartime relevance[edit]

text: During most of history, a nation's gold reserves were considered its key financial asset and a major prize of war.

text: A typical view was expressed in a secret memorandum by the British Chief of the Imperial General Staff from October 1939, at the beginning of World War II. The British Military and the British Secret Service laid out "measures to be taken in the event of an invasion of Holland and Belgium by Germany" and presented them to the War Cabinet:

text: It will be for the Treasury in collaboration with the Bank of England, and the Foreign Office, to examine the possible means of getting the bullion and negotiable securities into the same place of safety. The transport of many hundreds of tons of bullion presents a difficult problem and the loading would take a long time. The ideal would of course be to have the gold transferred to this country or to the United States of America. [...] The gold reserves of Belgium and Holland amount to about £70 million and £110 million respectively. [Foot]Note: H. M. Treasury has particularly requested that this information, which is highly confidential should in no circumstances be divulged. The total weight of this bullion amounts to about 1800 tons and its evacuation would be a matter of the utmost importance would present a considerable problem if it had to be undertaken in a hurry when transport facilities were disorganized. At present this gold is believed to be stored at Brussels and The Hague respectively, neither of which is very well placed for its rapid evacuation in an emergency.[3]

text: The Belgian government rushed to ship the gold to a safe place: Dakar, the capital of Senegal, then part of the French colonial empire. After the Germans occupied Belgium and France in 1940, they demanded the Belgian gold reserve back. In 1941, Vichy French officials arranged the transport of 4,944 boxes with 198 tons of gold to officials of the German Reichsbank.[4]

text: IMF holdings[edit]

text: Since early 2011, the gold holdings of the IMF have been constant at 90.5 million troy ounces (2,814.1 metric tons).[5]

text: Officially reported holdings[edit]

text: The IMF regularly maintains statistics of national assets as reported by various countries.[6] This data is used by the World Gold Council to periodically rank and report the gold holdings of countries and official organizations.

text: On 17 July 2015, China announced that it increased its gold reserves by about 57 percent from 1,054 to 1,658 metric tons, while disclosing its official gold reserves for the first time in six years.[7][8]

text: The gold listed for each of the countries in the table may not be physically stored in the country listed, as central banks generally have not allowed independent audits of their reserves. Gold leasing by central banks could place into doubt the reported gold holdings in the table below.[9]

text:
Top 20 according to World Gold Council's latest rankings (as of March 2018)[10][11][12][13]

Rank
Country/Organization
Gold holdings
(in tonnes)
Gold's share of
forex reserves

1
 United States
8,133.5
75.3%

2
 Germany
3,373.6
71.0%

3
International Monetary Fund
2,814.0
N/A

4
 Italy
2,451.8
68.3%

5
 France
2,436.0
64.6%

6
 Russia
1,857.7
17.9%

7
 China
1,842.6
2.4%

8
  Switzerland
1,040.0
5.5%

9
 Japan
765.2
2.6%

10
 Netherlands
612.5
67.5%

11
 Turkey[14]
582.2
21.9%

12
 India
558.1
5.8%

13
 European Central Bank
504.8
28.7%

14
 Taiwan
423.6
3.9%

15
 Portugal
382.5
63.6%

16
 Saudi Arabia
322.9
2.8%

17
 United Kingdom
310.3
8.6%

18
 Kazakhstan
303.0
41.3%

19
 Lebanon
286.8
22.2%

20
 Spain
281.6
17.3%

tag: table


document_title: Cast Away

question_text: what was tom hanks character name in castaway

text: Cast Away

text: Plot[edit]

text: In December 1995, Chuck Noland is a time-obsessed systems engineer, who travels worldwide resolving productivity problems at FedEx depots. He is in a long-term relationship with Kelly Frears, with whom he lives in Memphis, Tennessee. Although the couple wants to get married, Chuck's busy schedule interferes with their relationship. A Christmas with relatives is interrupted when Chuck is summoned to resolve a problem in Malaysia. While flying through a violent storm, his plane crashes into the Pacific Ocean. Chuck escapes the sinking plane and is saved by an inflatable life raft, but loses the emergency locator transmitter. He clings to the life raft, loses consciousness, and floats all night before washing up on an island. After he awakens, he explores the island and soon discovers that it is uninhabited.

text: Several FedEx packages from the crashed plane also wash up on the shore, as well as the corpse of one of the pilots, which he buries. He initially tries to signal for rescue and makes an escape attempt with the remnants of his life raft, but cannot pass the powerful surf and the coral reefs surrounding the island. He searches for food, water, and shelter, and opens the packages, finding a number of useful items. He leaves one package, which has a pair of angel wings stenciled on it, unopened. During a first attempt to make fire, Chuck receives a deep wound to his hand. In anger and pain, he throws several objects, including a Wilson volleyball from one of the packages. A short time later he draws a face in the bloody hand print on the ball, names it Wilson, and begins talking to it. One night, Chuck calculates that in order for the rescue workers to find the site of the plane crash, they will have to search an area twice the size of Texas, making him doubtful he will ever be found.

text: Four years later, Chuck has adapted to the island’s meager living conditions, having become adept at spearing fish and making fires. He also has regular conversations and arguments with Wilson, his only means of socialization. A large section of a portable toilet washes up on the island; Chuck uses it as a sail in the construction of a raft. After spending some time building and stocking the raft and deciding when weather conditions will be optimal (using an analemma he has created in his cave to monitor the time of year), he launches, using the sail to overcome the powerful surf. After some time on the ocean, a storm nearly tears his raft apart. The following day, as Chuck sleeps, Wilson becomes untethered and floats away from the raft. Chuck is wakened by the spray of a sounding whale, sees Wilson, and swims after him, but Wilson has gone too far to safely retrieve. Chuck returns to the raft and collapses in tears. Later, a passing cargo ship finds him, drifting.

text: Upon returning to civilization, Chuck learns that he has long been given up for dead; his family and acquaintances have held a funeral, and Kelly has since married Chuck's onetime dentist and has a daughter. After reuniting, the pair profess their love for each other but, realizing they cannot be together because of her commitment to her new family, they sadly part. Kelly gives Chuck the car they once shared.

text: Some time later, after buying a new volleyball, Chuck travels to Canadian, Texas, to return the unopened FedEx package with the angel wings to its sender, a woman named Bettina Peterson. No one is home, so he leaves the package at the door with a note saying that the package saved his life. He departs and stops at a remote crossroads. A friendly woman passing by in a pickup truck stops to explain where each road leads. As she drives away, Chuck notices the angel wings on the back of her truck are identical to those on the parcel. As Chuck is left standing at the crossroads he looks down each road, then smiles faintly as he looks in the direction of the woman's truck.

text: Cast[edit]

text:
Tom Hanks as Chuck Noland
Helen Hunt as Kelly Frears
Nick Searcy as Stan
Jenifer Lewis as Becca Twig
Chris Noth as Jerry Lovett
Lari White as Bettina Peterson
Vince Martin as Albert "Al" Miller
Geoffrey Blake as Maynard Graham
Michael Forest as Jack
Jay Acovone as Petrov

tag: ul

text: Production[edit]

text: Development[edit]

text: Tom Hanks once stated in an Actor Roundtable with The Hollywood Reporter that "...I wanted to examine the concept of four years of hopelessness, in which you have none of the requirements for living — food, water, shelter, fire and company". But it took six years to put together the alliance that would actually examine that. [Hanks] only had a third of [the story], and [screenwriter] Bill Broyles only had a third of it, [director] Bob Zemeckis came along and provided that other third. Hanks also went on to say "I had that original idea. I was reading an article about FedEx, and I realized that 747s filled with packages fly across the Pacific three times a day. And I just thought, "What happens if that goes down?"[3]

text: Filming[edit]

text: The film's shooting occurred between 1998 and 2000, but was not shot consecutively. Hanks gained 50 pounds (23 kg) during pre-production, for the purpose of making his transformation more dramatic. After a majority of the film was shot, production was halted for a year so that he could lose the weight and grow his hair and beard to look like he had been living on the island for years. During the year-long hiatus, Zemeckis used the same film crew to make another film, What Lies Beneath.[2]

text: Cast Away was filmed on Monuriki, one of the Mamanuca Islands in Fiji.[4] It is in a subgroup of the Mamanuca archipelago, which is sited off the coast of Viti Levu, Fiji's largest island. The island became a tourist attraction following the film's release. After Chuck's return, it is identified by Kelly as being "about 600 miles south of the Cook Islands," but there is actually no land between the southernmost Cook Islands of Mangaia and Antarctica.

text: The film essentially begins and ends in the same location, on the Arrington Ranch in the Texas Panhandle south of the city of Canadian, Texas.[5]

text: Music[edit]

text: The film's minimal score was composed by Alan Silvestri for which he won a Grammy Award in 2002. The film's soundtrack is most notable for its lack of score and creature sound effects (such as bird song or insect sounds) while Chuck is on the island, which is intended to reinforce the feeling of isolation.[6] Cast Away contains no original musical score until Chuck escapes the island. However, there is a Russian choral piece heard near the start of the film that was not composed or even recorded by Silvestri, so it does not appear on the film's soundtrack list. It is a traditional Russian song written by Lev Knipper called "Oh, My Field" ("Polyushko, Polye") and it is available on various collections of Red Army hymns. The tracks in Silvestri's score are as follows:

text:
"Cast Away" – 3:44
"Wilson, I'm Sorry" – 1:39
"Drive to Kelly's" – 3:54
"Love of My Life" – 1:47
"What the Tide Could Bring" – 3:39
"Crossroads" – 2:08
"End Credits" – 7:29

tag: ol

text: The official soundtrack CD is an anthology of musical pieces from all films up to that point directed by Zemeckis and scored by Silvestri. The only track from Cast Away itself is the theme from the end credits.[7]

text: FedEx[edit]

text: FedEx provided access to their facilities (Memphis, Los Angeles, and Moscow) as well as airplanes, trucks, uniforms, and logistical support. A team of FedEx marketers oversaw production through more than two years of filming.[8] FedEx CEO Fred Smith made an appearance as himself for the scene where Chuck is welcomed back, which was filmed on location at FedEx's home facilities in Memphis, Tennessee. The idea of a story based on a FedEx plane crashing gave the company "a heart attack at first," but the overall story was seen as positive. FedEx, which paid no money for product placement in the film,[9] saw an increase in brand awareness in Asia and Europe following the film's release.[10]

text: Wilson the volleyball[edit]

text: In the film, Wilson the volleyball serves as Chuck Noland's personified friend and only companion during the four years that Noland spends alone on a deserted island.[11][12][13] Named after the volleyball's manufacturer, Wilson Sporting Goods, the character was created by screenwriter William Broyles, Jr.. While researching for the film, he consulted with professional survival experts, and then chose to deliberately strand himself for one week on an isolated beach in the Gulf of California, to force himself to search for water and food, and obtain his own shelter. During this time, a volleyball washed up on shore. This was the inspiration for the film's inanimate companion. From a screenwriting point of view, Wilson also serves to realistically allow dialogue in a one-person-only situation.[14][15]

text: One of the original volleyball props was sold at auction for $18,500 to the ex-CEO of FedEx Office, Ken May. At the time of the film's release, Wilson launched its own joint promotion centered on the fact that one of its products was "co-starring" with Tom Hanks. Wilson manufactured a volleyball with a reproduction of the bloodied handprint face on one side. It was sold for a limited time during the film's initial release and continues to be offered on the company's website.[16]

text: Reception[edit]

text: On Rotten Tomatoes, Cast Away has an approval rating of 90% based on 154 reviews, with an average rating of 7.4/10. The site's critical consensus reads, "Flawed but fascinating, Cast Away offers an intelligent script, some of Robert Zemeckis' most mature directing, and a showcase performance from Tom Hanks."[17] On Metacritic the film has a score of 73 out of 100, based on 32 critics, indicating "generally favorable reviews".[18]

text: Cast Away opened in 2,774 theaters in North America and grossed $28,883,406 with an average of $10,412 per theater on its opening weekend.[19] For the four-day Christmas long holiday weekend, it took in a total of $39,852,075.[20] The film kept performing well and ended up earning $233,632,142 domestically and $196,000,000 internationally for a total of $429,632,142, well above its production budget of $90 million.[1]

text: Accolades[edit]

text:
Award
Category
Recipients and nominees
Result

73rd Academy Awards[21]
Best Actor
Tom Hanks
Nominated

Best Sound
Randy Thom, Tom Johnson, Dennis S. Sands and William B. Kaplan
Nominated

54th British Academy Film Awards[22]
Best Actor
Tom Hanks
Nominated

6th Critics' Choice Awards[23]
Best Inanimate Object
Wilson
Won

58th Golden Globe Awards[24]
Best Actor – Motion Picture Drama
Tom Hanks
Won

2001 MTV Movie Awards
Best Action Sequence
Plane crash
Nominated

Best Kiss
Tom Hanks and Helen Hunt
Nominated

Best Male Performance
Tom Hanks
Nominated

Best On-Screen Duo
Tom Hanks and Wilson
Nominated

7th Screen Actors Guild Awards[25]
Outstanding Performance by a Male Actor in a Leading Role
Tom Hanks
Nominated

text: In popular culture[edit]

text: A FedEx commercial during the 2003 Super Bowl parodied the final scene of the film, in which Chuck returns a package to its sender. In this version, the woman answers the door, and when Chuck asks what was in the box, the woman replies: "Just a satellite phone, GPS locator, fishing rod, water purifier, and some seeds. Just silly stuff."[26]

text: Media executive Lloyd Braun of ABC Studios first suggested the idea of a Cast Away-type television series at a dinner party in 2003.[27] Thom Sherman later pitched the idea for Cast Away – The Series, but never developed the idea.[27] The concept was later developed and pitched with the title Nowhere, which later turned into the ABC show Lost.[27]


document_title: List of New England hurricanes

question_text: when was the last time new england had a hurricane

text: List of New England hurricanes

text: List of tropical cyclones[edit]

text: This section is incomplete. (July 2017)

text:
Saffir–Simpson hurricane wind scale

TD
TS
C1
C2
C3
C4
C5

text: Most of the following are tropical cyclones that passed through the states after weakening from their peak.

text: Pre–17th century[edit]

text: Multiple intense hurricanes (Category 3+) hit New England in pre-Columbian times: between 1100–1150, 1300–1400 (1295–1407), and 1400–1450 (1404–1446), respectively.[1][2]

text: 17th century[edit]

text:
August 25, 1635 – The Great Colonial Hurricane struck Narragansett Bay, killing at least 46 people. This hurricane is often considered to be the most intense hurricane to hit New England since European colonization. The only other storm of a similar magnitude was the 1938 hurricane.[3]
August 23, 1683 – A tropical cyclone hit Connecticut and caused tremendous flooding.
October 29, 1693 – Another tropical cyclone struck New England and caused flooding so great that new permanent inlets were created.

text: 18th century[edit]

text:
October 18, 1703 – A tropical system caused great wind and flood damage; many ships were lost.
February 23, 1723 – An off-season storm struck Cape Cod causing a great deal of damage, but no reported deaths.[4]
October 8, 1747 – Seven ships were destroyed and "many" perished.
September 8, 1769 – A hurricane that earlier caused great damage in Annapolis, Maryland; blew ashore boats at Boston and adjacent areas, Providence, and Newport. Some houses were blown down and destroyed.
September 1775 – The Newfoundland hurricane apparently brought strong winds and/or waves to New England, though it is not known to have actually made landfall. This report may also be confused with the Independence Hurricane of September 2–3, 1775, which passed into New England from New York as a tropical depression or weak tropical storm.
August 13, 1778 – A weakening hurricane that struck the Carolinas, and impacted the coasts of Massachusetts and Rhode Island but did not make landfall. This storm prevented a major battle between England and France off the coast of Rhode Island.
November 1, 1778 – A possible late-season hurricane struck Cape Cod, Massachusetts, killing between 50 and 70 people. Twenty-three of these deaths are believed to be attributed to the HMS Somerset III, a British ship which ran aground on Cape Cod during this storm.
October 8–9, 1782 – A hurricane struck the Carolinas and moved up the coast, causing damage in Providence, Rhode Island. It is currently not known if this hurricane made landfall in New England.
October 18–19, 1782 – A second hurricane moved up the coast and was considered more severe than the previous storm in portions of New England, especially Boston. This was a rare snow hurricane for New England and the storm was likely transforming into an extratropical cyclone as it approached the New England states.
September 24-25, 1785 – A hurricane which made landfall near Ocracoke, North Carolina, impacted southern New England. Based on known observations, this hurricane remained offshore of New England but passed close enough to inflict heavy rain and strong winds to New York City and Boston.
August 19, 1788 – A weakening hurricane moved up through eastern New York, impacting western New England.

text: 19th century[edit]

text:
September 12, 1804 – The Antigua–Charleston hurricane, a major storm for the Caribbean, Georgia, and South Carolina, impacted portions of New England as a weakening tropical storm and then a tropical depression before dissipating off the coast of Nova Scotia.
October 9,[4] 1804 – As the Snow hurricane crossed New England, cool air became entrained in the circulation, and it became extratropical. The storm brought heavy snow across the Northeast, in some areas up to 2–3 feet, and killed a total of 16 people; one on land and fifteen at sea. This was the second observation of snow from a landfalling hurricane, but not the last. This hurricane which peaked at Category 3 intensity was a major one, especially for eastern Massachusetts.
October 3, 1805 – A hurricane that struck Mantanzas, Cuba reportedly reached the Maine territory (claimed by Massachusetts until 1820) as a tropical cyclone. Little information is available on this storm, however, a tropical cyclone exclusively striking Maine is not unique. This is what occurred during the passage of both Hurricane Gerda in 1969 and Tropical Storm Heidi in 1971.
September 1815 – What was once a major hurricane in the Carolinas brought tropical-storm-force winds to portions of New England. The likely track of this cyclone takes it very near but offshore of Nantucket.

text:
September 23-24, 1815 – The 1815 New England hurricane struck New England as a major hurricane and delivered an 11-foot storm surge that funneled up Narragansett Bay. The hurricane destroyed some 500 houses and 35 ships and flooded Providence, Rhode Island. It also caused at least 38 deaths throughout New England.
August 12, 1817 – A hurricane that was first reported near Tobago made landfall on the Florida panhandle and moved slowly up the coast. As either a weak tropical storm or tropical depression, the system brought rain to New York and portions of New England on the 12th before moving into Quebec.
September 4, 1821 – The Norfolk and Long Island Hurricane was a very powerful tropical cyclone that made landfall within the modern day limits of New York City. It sliced through New England and was likely extratropical as it moved along the Maine coastline.
June 4–5, 1825 – An early-season hurricane formed in late May near Santo Domingo and later struck Cuba, Florida, and South Carolina before moving up the Mid-Atlantic coast and into New England. Hurricane conditions were reported as far north as New York City, and the cyclone's status as a tropical cyclone in New England is debatable given the early date.
August 27, 1827 – The St. Kitts Hurricane impacted the eastern seaboard from Wilmington, North Carolina, to Portsmouth, New Hampshire. It is possible that this cyclone made landfall along the United States, but there are also conflicting reports that say it remained offshore of Cape Hatteras, Delaware, and Nantucket. August 1827 was a very active month with at least four hurricanes impacting the North Atlantic.
August 1830 – Two hurricanes passed close to southeastern Massachusetts within a week of each other. First came the Atlantic Coast Hurricane on August 19 followed by a second hurricane around the 25th. Damage from these two systems was duly noted on Nantucket. It appears that the later system approached the region from the southeast before turning out to sea southeast of Cape Cod.
October 11, 1830 – A third hurricane impacted New England in 1830 but like the two in August, this cyclone did not make landfall in New England. Barnstable, Massachusetts reported the storm.
July 19, 1835 – The remnants of a hurricane that struck Florida twice moved into northern New England from New York.
August 30, 1839 – A hurricane moved up the east coast but did not make landfall. Fringe effects were felt on Long Island and southeastern New England.
October 3, 1841 – The October Gale became an extratropical storm, and passed off the coast of New England. The system dropped snow and sleet in Connecticut, bringing up to 18 inches of snow in some areas.[5] The storm wrecked the Georges Bank fishing fleet which drowned 81 fishermen and knocked down trees, tore roofs off houses and forced boats to go up on shore. The storm also destroyed a saltworks factory along Cape Cod, sending the economy to a slump. In 1842, a monument was erected to remember the sailors and fishermen lost at sea.
October 14, 1846 – The Great Havana Hurricane was still a strong tropical cyclone when it passed into New England from New York. In Hartford, Connecticut hurricane-force winds destroyed a trestle bridge. Numerous apple orchards in Massachusetts were reported ruined. No deaths due to the hurricane's passage over New England were reported.
October 6, 1849 – A tropical cyclone made landfall in Massachusetts, causing 143 deaths. This was the first known tropical cyclone known to have made landfall in New England since June 1825.
1850 – Three tropical cyclones impacted New England this season. The remnants of a July hurricane in the Carolinas passed into New England. An August hurricane caused damage in its wake through New England but was probably a tropical storm. Finally, a September hurricane passed off the coast causing some damage.
October 19, 1851 – A tropical storm formed north of the Bahamas on October 16. It continued northward and reached a peak intensity of 70 mph (113 km/h). But it weakened to a 60 mph (97 km/h)-storm before making landfall in Rhode Island on the 19th. Later that day it dissipated on the border between Rhode Island and Massachusetts.
September 16, 1858 – A Category 1 hurricane made landfall on the Connecticut-Rhode Island border and brought heavy rain to New England before exiting Maine as a tropical storm. It then continued northeast until it dissipated just over the other side of the Gulf of St. Lawrence on the 17th.
September 28, 1861 – The Equinoctial Storm hit Connecticut as a 60 mph (97 km/h) tropical storm. It then continued east-northeast and dissipated in extreme eastern Maine later that day.
November 3, 1861 – The Expedition Hurricane struck eastern Connecticut as a 60 mph (97 km/h) tropical storm. It then continued northeast until dissipating over southern Maine later that day.
September 19, 1863 – A tropical storm makes landfall in New York and brings strong winds to western New England.
October 30, 1866 – A tropical storm made landfall in New Jersey, Long Island, and New York City and began to parallel the New York-New England border until it briefly enters Vermont and dissipates.
September 8, 1869 – A Category 3 hurricane made landfall in Rhode Island, before moving north and dissipating in Maine. There was one confirmed death in Massachusetts.[6] Offshore Maine, a schooner capsized, killing all but one of the twelve crew. The storm also caused at least $50,000 (1869 USD) in damage in Maine alone.[7]
October 4, 1869 – The Saxby Gale crossed Cape Cod and Martha's Vineyard as a Category 2 hurricane, before striking Maine as a Category 1 hurricane. In Maine, heavy rainfall caused widespread flooding, and high winds destroyed at least 90 houses.[8] A very high storm tide also occurred in the Bay of Fundy, and the storm killed at least 37 people offshore of Nova Scotia.
October 9–13, 1878 – A Category 1 hurricane passes offshore, resulting in heavy rains and strong winds, causing 27 deaths.[9]
October 10, 1894 – A Category 1 hurricane struck Connecticut.
September 10, 1896 – A Category 1 hurricane struck Massachusetts.
September 24, 1897 – A tropical storm hit Connecticut with maximum sustained winds of 50 mph (80 km/h). It continued up through all the New England states except for Vermont.
October 6, 1898 – A hurricane came from the west and hit Maine as a tropical depression, then continued east into Atlantic Canada.
November 1, 1899 – A hurricane struck New England as a 50 mph (80 km/h)+ extratropical storm.

text: 20th century[edit]

text:
August 1904 – An extratropical storm with hurricane-force winds left behind damage in southeastern Massachusetts, especially Martha's Vineyard. Trees were downed in Providence, Rhode Island, and New Bedford, Massachusetts. Center moved NE just within the coastline from Carolinas, with its eastern sector intact over ocean. The storm then tracked across Long Island and eastern Rhode Island. Much marine destruction with heavy losses in Buzzards Bay, Vineyard Sound and Massachusetts Bay.
July 21, 1916 – A Category 1 hurricane moved north from open Atlantic, crossing the Buzzards Bay/Cape Cod area of Massachusetts. Hourly wind reports indicated sustained 50 mph (80 km/h) but actual winds were higher than hourly observations. Gusts of 85 mph (137 km/h) recorded in southeast Massachusetts and Cape Cod.
August 1917 – A tropical storm sank four ships while passing offshore of Nantucket, Massachusetts, killing 41 sailors. The storm later made landfall in New Brunswick before becoming post-tropical.
August 1924 – A Category 1 hurricane with a large center moved over and just east of Cape Cod. It was a severe hurricane in New Bedford and Martha's Vineyard, Massachusetts. New Bedford Newspaper (Mercury) published photo journal of the hurricanes severity. The system is often overlooked, however much material is present to include it as destructive storm. On Cape Cod, Martha's Vineyard and Nantucket, it is often considered worse than the 1938 hurricane. Widespread wind losses to structures were reported. Very heavy tree damage in New Bedford north to Plymouth Massachusetts. The storm was later destructive in Nova Scotia.
November 3-4, 1927 – The remnants of a tropical storm spawned torrential rains as it passed over the Green Mountains in Vermont. The record flooding caused $40 million in damage and killed 84 people in Vermont and 1 in Rhode Island.[10] The storm ended as snow in the mountains. Note that this flood was unrelated to the 1927 Mississippi Flood.
September 9, 1934 – A strong tropical storm crossed Long Island and lost strength from slow movement as it moved through Connecticut much in a similar manner as Hurricane Belle of August 1976. Trees downed in Providence, Rhode Island, and New Haven, Conn.
September 1936 – A Category 1 hurricane moved east-northeast over Block Island and Nantucket Sounds after moving up East Coast of U.S. north of North Carolina and Virginia. The storm was destructive in Providence, Rhode Island, and eastern Massachusetts. Boston had 80 mph (129 km/h) winds at 8 a.m. on the 18th as the storm moved east along the south coast of Cape Cod and the Islands. There was much media coverage, but this storm was later eclipsed by the extreme hurricane two years later. Heavy wind-damage was realized across all of eastern Massachusetts.

text:
September 21, 1938 – New England Hurricane of 1938 - This storm made landfall on Long Island and Connecticut as a Category 3 hurricane. Wind gusts reached Category 5 strength in eastern Connecticut, Rhode Island and southern Massachusetts west of Buzzards Bay and Cape Cod. The anemometer at the Blue Hill Observatory registered a peak wind gust of 186 mph before the instrument broke. The hurricane lost strength as it tracked into interior areas of New England, but it is believed to have been at Category 2 intensity as it crossed into Vermont and at minimal Category 1 intensity as it tracked into Quebec. The storm killed over 600 people and is considered to be the worst hurricane to strike New England in modern times.
September 15, 1944 – The Great Atlantic Hurricane made landfall near the Connecticut/Rhode Island border as a Category 1 hurricane, causing severe wind damage in southeastern Massachusetts and across the Cape and Islands. Damage on Cape Cod and Martha's Vineyard was considered worse than that in 1938, with severe wind damage in New Bedford, Massachusetts. Much structural damage and much of the forest that had somehow escaped being decimated in 1938 fell victim to this storm. A total of 28 people died in New England due to the hurricane.[11]
September 1950 – Hurricane Dog was a major offshore hurricane that moved very close to Nantucket. Hurricane conditions occurred across southeast Massachusetts. New Bedford Airport reported sustained winds from the north at 75 mph (121 km/h) with gusts to 100 mph (160 km/h).
September 7, 1953 – Hurricane Carol made landfall near Saint John, New Brunswick, Canada, with considerable wind losses throughout the region. This hurricane was eclipsed by the extreme damage of another Carol the very next year.

text:
August 31, 1954 – Hurricane Carol made landfall as a Category 3 hurricane, with gusts of Category 4 strength in southeast Rhode Island and south-coastal Massachusetts in the Buzzards Bay area, west of Cape Cod. Wind gusts of 135 mph at Block Island, Rhode Island, and 125 mph in Milton, Massachusetts, were recorded. At least 68 people were killed across New England. Extreme damage was reported in south coastal Rhode Island and south coastal Massachusetts. Damage in the Buzzards Bay region rivaled that of the 1938 hurricane.
September 11, 1954 – Hurricane Edna made landfall on Cape Cod and Martha's Vineyard as a strong Category 2 hurricane, just two weeks after Carol, with very severe losses occurring. Hourly wind readings of 90 mph were recorded at New Bedford Airport in New Bedford, Massachusetts; 100 mph in Taunton, Massachusetts, 112 mph in Milton, Massachusetts, and 125 mph in Chilmark, Martha's Vineyard.
July 11, 1959 – Hurricane Cindy scrapes New England.
September 12-13, 1960 – Hurricane Donna makes landfall on Long Island, New York as a minimal Category 2 hurricane, and in Connecticut as a strong Category 1 hurricane. Peak wind gusts of 140 mph at the Blue Hill Observatory in Massachusetts and 135 mph on Block Island, Rhode Island. Hourly peak wind gusts at New Bedford Airport in Massachusetts recorded 110 mph winds from the south-southwest in a sheltered area. Heavy tree, utility, and structural damage was observed in southeastern Massachusetts, coastal New Hampshire and Maine. Donna was the sixth hurricane to hit southern New England in thirty years. Hourly wind speed readings at City Hall in downtown New Bedford, Massachusetts recorded 80+ mph winds.
September 26, 1961 – Hurricane Esther moved within 35 miles of the south coast of Rhode Island and Massachusetts as a Category 1 hurricane, before subsequently making a sharp right turn and then making a loop, returning as a tropical storm five days later. Esther remained offshore, but produced hurricane-force wind-gusts from Block Island, Rhode Island, eastward across Cape Cod, Massachusetts, Nantucket, and Martha's Vineyard. There was less damage than in Hurricane Donna one year prior. Wind gusts of 75 to 90 mph occurred onshore.
October 7-8, 1962 – Hurricane Daisy remained offshore, but produced hurricane conditions in coastal northeastern Maine and on Mt. Desert Island.
October 29, 1963 – Hurricane Ginny remained offshore, but produced hurricane conditions in Nantucket, Massachusetts, and along coastal northeastern Maine.
August 28, 1971 – Tropical Storm Doria moved into Connecticut after crossing Long Island. Hurricane-force winds were measured at sea level in Bridgeport, Connecticut. Wind gusts up to 80 mph (129 km/h) in southeastern Massachusetts and Blue Hill Observatory.
September 3, 1972 – Tropical Storm Carrie passed offshore of Cape Cod as a tropical storm, producing hurricane-force wind gusts of 90 mph (145 km/h) in Plymouth, Massachusetts, and 100 mph (160 km/h) in Hyannis, Massachusetts.
August 10, 1976 – Hurricane Belle's rather slow movement enabled weakening to set in as the storm approached Long Island, New York, and then moved into Connecticut and Massachusetts, before transversing the Vermont/New Hampshire border. Wind gusts up to 90 mph were observed in southern Connecticut, 60+ mph in Providence, Rhode Island, and 75 mph in Newport, Rhode Island.
September 27, 1985 – Hurricane Gloria crosses Long Island and Connecticut as a Category 1 hurricane, making it the first hurricane of significant strength to hit southern New England since 1960. Widespread wind damage was reported in Connecticut, Rhode Island, and Massachusetts, and later across coastal New Hampshire and Maine. The tree damage in Connecticut was the worst since the 1938 hurricane, and wind losses in Rhode Island and eastern Massachusetts were considerable to trees, utilities, and roofs. New Bedford, Massachusetts, reported wind gusts over 90 mph, and in Rehoboth, Massachusetts, state police barracks observed 120 mph winds and also later reported a tornado in the vicinity. Winds at the T.F. Green Airport in Warwick, Rhode Island, gusted to 85 mph, and winds of 100 mph were recorded on east side of Providence, near Brown University. In addition, winds in New London, Connecticut, were clocked at 110 to 112 mph. Widespread forest damage occurred in Maine. Gloria also produced hurricane-force wind-gusts into New Brunswick, Canada.

text:
August 19, 1991 – Hurricane Bob made landfall on Block Island, Rhode Island, and Newport, Rhode Island, as a Category 2 hurricane. Winds gusted to Category 3 strength in southeastern Massachusetts. Bob was one of the smallest in area and yet most intense hurricanes to hit southern New England since 1938. Storm surge in the Buzzards Bay area of Massachusetts was comparable to that of Hurricane Carol; Bob was considered to be the worst storm in Martha's Vineyard since the 1944 hurricane. This hurricane was among the top twenty-five costliest U.S. hurricanes of twentieth century. The 1938 and 1944 hurricanes, as well as Carol in 1954, Donna in 1960, and Bob in 1991, are all on the list. A tidal surge of 10 feet above normal was recorded in upper reaches of Buzzards Bay. A wind gust of 135 mph was recorded at Block Island before the anemometer blew away. A 125-mph wind-gust was recorded in Newport, Rhode Island, and a 5-minute sustained wind speed of 111 mph with gusts to 144 mph was observed at Westport Harbour on the south coastal border of southern Massachusetts and Rhode Island. Additional wind recordings include a 120-mph gust at the Massachusetts Maritime Academy on Buzzards Bay, 120 mph in Truro, Massachusetts. A one-minute sustained wind speed of 110 mph was recorded on Chappaquiddick Island, Massachusetts. Several private anemometers in Falmouth, Massachusetts, on Cape Cod reported unofficial gusts of 150 mph. A New Bedford fishing boat off Cuttyhunk Island, MA, reported a peak gust of 162 mph.
October 30-November 1, 1991 – The Perfect Storm remained offshore, but produced wind gusts to 77 mph (124 km/h) over Cape Cod, and as far west as Jamestown, Rhode Island. Coastal damage was very high in exposed eastern Massachusetts due to high waves and tidal surge. Minor wind damage came just two months after Hurricane Bob, which produced major damage over southeast Massachusetts.
August 28, 1992 – The remnants of Hurricane Andrew combined with a frontal boundary, and moved from the Mid-Atlantic states into New England. The system dropped light rain and produced light wind across the region.
September 26, 1992 – The remnants of Tropical Storm Danielle moved just west of New England, but caused rainy conditions throughout the region.
July 13, 1996 – Tropical Storm Bertha moved into southern New England as a strong tropical storm with 70-mph sustained winds, and in some exposed areas, winds gusted to minimal hurricane force in southern Rhode Island and south coastal Massachusetts, west of Buzzards Bay. Overall, Bertha produced minor damage, but notable damage in coastal Rhode Island.
September 2, 1996 – Hurricane Edouard passed offshore as a Category 1 hurricane, producing strong wind-gusts from Buzzards Bay eastward across Cape Cod and the islands of Nantucket and Martha's Vineyard. On Cape Cod, Bertha was a worse storm than Gloria in 1985, but not so destructive as Bob in 1991, which has become a benchmark hurricane on Cape Cod. Considerable losses occurred across Massachusetts, particularly in Oak Bluffs and Martha's Vineyard.
October 8, 1996 – The remnants of Tropical Storm Josephine brushed Cape Cod, dropping widespread light rain and wind gusts of 45 to 60 mph in New Bedford, Massachusetts.[12]
July 26, 1997 – Tropical Storm Danny stalled just to the south of Nantucket,[13] causing only minor damage, despite strong winds that were experienced in southeastern Massachusetts.[14] The minor damage included minimal flooding, power outages, and downed tree limbs.[15]
September 17-18, 1999 – After paralleling much of the U.S. East Coast, Tropical Storm Floyd moved into Connecticut and tracked northward through Maine. Floyd caused large power-outages and major flood damage across the region, with over five inches (130 mm) of rain falling over most of the area. Danbury, Connecticut, received up to 15 inches (380 mm) of rain from the storm, resulting in extensive flooding in the city and surrounding areas. Mudslides were reported in the Berkshire Mountains of western Massachusetts. Several major highways and a countless number of local roads in Connecticut and Massachusetts were closed for several days due to flooding and downed trees and power lines. Hurricane-force wind gusts were observed in southern Rhode Island; North Kingston unofficially reported wind gusts to 90 mph. Wind gusts to 76 mph were recorded at the New Bedford Hurricane Dike in New Bedford, Massachusetts, and 73 mph in Hyannis, Massachusetts.

text: 21st century[edit]

text:
June 17, 2001 – Tropical Storm Allison brushed southern New England as a subtropical storm. In Connecticut, rainfall peaked at 7.2 inches (183 mm) in Pomfret,[16] closing several roads, causing minor damage to numerous houses.[16] In Rhode Island, the rainfall washed out several roads.[17]
September 11, 2002 – The interaction between Hurricane Gustav and the non-tropical system caused strong winds that affected areas of coastal New England, mainly in eastern New York and Massachusetts.[18] The winds downed trees and power lines, and several homes and cars were damaged by falling trees; about 19,000 homes lost power in Massachusetts.[19]
September 2002 – The remnants of Tropical Storm Hanna contributed to around 1 in (25 mm) of rainfall in Vermont.[20]
September 28, 2002 – The extratropical remnants of Hurricane Isidore produced widespread light rainfall across the region.[12] No damage or flooding was reported.[21]
September 2003 – Hurricane Fabian produced moderate surfing conditions along the East Coast of the United States.[22]
September 4, 2003 – The remnants of Tropical Storm Grace dropped light to moderate rainfall throughout the region, though no significant damages were reported.[12]
September 17, 2003 – The dissipating remnants of Tropical Storm Henri produced light rainfall.[12]
September 19, 2003 – Hurricane Isabel passed far to the west, though rainfall reached 1 inch (25 mm) in portions of western Connecticut and Massachusetts, and in portions of New Hampshire and Maine.[12] Falling trees from moderate winds downed power lines across the region, causing sporadic power outages. Two people died as a result of the hurricane, both due to the rough surf.[23] Damage in Vermont totals about $100,000 (2003 USD, $117,000 in 2008 USD).[24][25][26][27][28][29]
October 2003 – The interaction between Hurricane Kate and a high pressure area to its north produced 3 to 4 foot (1 m) waves along the coast.[30]
August 14, 2004 – The extratropical remnants of Tropical Storm Bonnie produced heavy rainfall, with localized totals of up to 10 inches (250 mm). The rainfall flooded or washed out roads across the eastern Maine. In Aroostook County, Maine, the rainfall caused a mudslide, narrowing a county road to one lane.[31]
August 15, 2004 – Tropical Storm Charley dissipated near southern Massachusetts, though the remnant moisture produced up to 5 in (130 mm) of rainfall, particularly in Maine.[12] In Rhode Island, one man drowned in a rip current generated by the system.[32][33]
August 31, 2004 – Moisture from Hurricane Gaston dropped up to 3.69 in (94 mm) of rainfall.[12]
August 31, 2004 – Tropical Storm Hermine comes ashore near New Bedford, Massachusetts as a minimal tropical storm. Damage was minimal, and effects were limited to gusty winds and light rainfall.[34]
September 10, 2004 – The remnants of Hurricane Frances produced light, yet widespread rainfall; the system eventually crossed northern Maine.[35]
September 19, 2004 – A plume of moisture broke off from the remnants of Hurricane Ivan and progressed northward, producing heavy rainfall across portions of the Mid-Atlantic and New England.[36] The rain caused extensive roadway flooding in Connecticut,[37] and resulted in minor river flooding in other areas.[38]
September 29, 2004 – Moisture from the remnants of Hurricane Jeanne storm produced light to heavy rainfall, with totals of over 7 inches (175 mm) on Nantucket.[12]
June 15, 2005 – After being absorbed into a frontal wave, the remnants of Tropical Storm Arlene drop light rainfall in Northern New England.[39]
July 8, 2005 – The extratropical remnants of Hurricane Cindy produced moderate rainfall in northern Vermont, generally within the range of 1 to 3 in (25 to 76 mm).[40]
August 31, 2005 – The remnants of Hurricane Katrina dropped up to 4.17 in (106 mm) of rain and cause gusty winds that blew down trees and tree limbs, primarily across Vermont, New Hampshire, and Massachusetts.[12][41]
September 17, 2005 – Tropical Storm Ophelia brushed Massachusetts with gusty winds and heavy rainfall.[42]

text:
October 7-12, 2005 – The remnants of Tropical Storm Tammy and Subtropical Depression Twenty-Two contributed to the Northeast U.S. flooding of October 2005, which killed 10 people[43][44] and contributed to the wettest month on record in locations throughout the Northeastern United States.[45]
June 15, 2006 – The extratropical remnants of Tropical Storm Alberto dropped rainfall throughout the region, peaking at 1.98 in (50 mm) at Windsor Locks, Connecticut.[12]
July 21, 2006 – Tropical Storm Beryl makes landfall on Nantucket, generating waves 10 feet (3 m) in height as the storm approached the island.[46] Light rainfall and gusty winds were also reported there, and in portions of Massachusetts.[47]
September 3, 2006 – The extratropical remnants of Hurricane Ernesto dropped light rainfall; 1.72 in (44 mm) of precipitation was reported at Marlboro, Vermont.[12]
June 4, 2007 – The extratropical remnants of Tropical Storm Barry entered the region, producing moderate rainfall that peaked at 3.19 inches (81 mm) at Taunton, Massachusetts.[48]

text:
November 3, 2007 – As a powerful extratropical storm, Hurricane Noel hit coastal Massachusetts, Rhode Island and Maine with hurricane-force wind-gusts of up to 89 mph (143 km/h), with sustained winds topping out at 59 mph (95 km/h).[49] Power outages were widespread; about 80,000 customers in Massachusetts and 9,000 in Maine lost electric power, mostly on Cape Cod.[50] Heavy rainfall, high seas, and coastal flooding also occurred.[51]
September 6, 2008 – Tropical Storm Hanna made landfall at Myrtle Beach, South Carolina and proceeded northeastward through the Mid Atlantic states and New England, dropping moderate to heavy rainfall and spawning gusty winds across southern New England.[52]
September 15, 2008 – The remnants of Hurricane Ike reached northern New England, though no effects were reported.[53]
September 28, 2008 – Hurricane Kyle passed to the east as it heads towards Canada, affecting Maine with heavy rainfall and gusty winds that caused scattered power outages.[54] Up to 7.15 in (182 mm) of precipitation falls in Hancock County, Maine.[55]
August 21, 2009 – Hurricane Bill passed just offshore of New England causing very heavy surf, and a period of rain and gusty winds over Southeastern Massachusetts.
August 29, 2009 – Tropical Storm Danny passes over Nantucket as an extratropical storm, causing up to 2 inches of rain in Massachusetts and Rhode Island, and bringing wind gusts up to 60 mph off the coast of Nantucket and Maine.
November 12, 2009 – Hurricane Ida, after hitting the northeast gulf coast as a tropical storm, redeveloped off the Carolina coast as a strong nor'easter, bringing severe damage as far north as New Jersey, where severe flooding, beach erosion, and strong winds were reported. As the center of the storm moved out to sea, a batch of moisture broke off it, and moved north, bringing moderate rain to New England. The storm caused millions of dollars in damage.
September 4, 2010 – Hurricane Earl passed about 90 miles offshore, but still brought heavy rain, large waves, and tropical storm force gusts to Cape Cod. The heaviest rain affected areas such as Nantucket, Martha's Vineyard, and areas over Maine, while the strongest wind was a recorded gust of 58 mph near Hyannis, Massachusetts. Sustained winds were of 29 to 35 miles per hour, just at and below tropical storm force.[56]
August 28, 2011 – Hurricane Irene weakened to a tropical storm just before landfall, striking with winds of 70 mph. Irene produced high winds, heavy rains, and flash flooding especially in western New England. The storm left at least 16 people dead throughout New England, including ten deaths in Connecticut. The eastern quadrant of the Irene remained intact, as that section had never transversed land and moved north-northeast across southern Bristol and Plymouth counties in Massachusetts. Winds at times reached hurricane force from Westport east to Woods Hole on the south coast.
October 29-30, 2012 – Hurricane Sandy affected Southern New England with its outer bands producing heavy storm surge, winds, and rainfall before the storm's landfall in New Jersey. Sandy devastated the Jersey Shore, New York City, parts of Long Island and the Connecticut and Rhode Island coastlines. Flooding and power outages (roughly nine million customers total) lasted several days, while thousands of trees, telephone poles and traffic light stanchions were snapped. A total of approximately $71.4 billion in property damage was left in Sandy's wake after it made landfall and its center went over Pennsylvania and New York. Sandy killed 5 people in New England (4 in Connecticut and 1 in New Hampshire). To the west, Sandy dumped 2 to 4 feet of snow in the Appalachian Mountain region and flatlands.
October 2-5, 2015 – Hurricane Joaquin, at one point forecast to make a landfall in New England, eventually passed offshore and produced high surf along Cape Cod and Nantucket.
September 19-22, 2017 – Tropical Storm Jose stalled to the south of New England, meandering offshore for several days. This resulted in major rainfall and high winds throughout the region, particularly on Cape Cod, Martha's Vineyard, and Nantucket. Rainfall peaked at 6.41 inches on Nantucket,[57] and maximum sustained winds reached 53 miles per hour in Cuttyhunk, with gusts up to 62 miles per hour recorded on Martha's Vineyard and Nantucket.[58]

text: Landfalls[edit]

text: Defining "landfall"[edit]

text: A landfall in New England occurs only if the center of the storm comes ashore in Maine, New Hampshire, Massachusetts, Rhode Island, or Connecticut as they all share a coastline. Tropical cyclones that made landfall outside of New England, but subsequently passed through the region, are excluded from this category. For example, the 1893 New York hurricane, Tropical Storm Doria of 1971, and Hurricane Irene of 2011 all made landfall in New York City, but failed to cross Long Island Sound and enter Connecticut along its coastline. In addition, other systems such as the 1876 San Felipe hurricane, 1888 Louisiana hurricane, 1893 Sea Islands hurricane, and Hurricane Able of 1952 all passed through New York, to the north of New York City, before entering New England.

text: A landfall is also distinct from a direct hit, in which the eyewall, or core of the highest winds, comes onshore, without the center of the storm moving ashore.[59]

text: New England hurricanes have made landfall on many occasions. Normally, due to cold SST's and high wind shear, hurricanes do not last long, so the ones that do make landfall are normally weak, with major hurricanes (Category 3 or higher) being rare.[60]

text: The following tables are a list of all tropical cyclones that have made landfall in New England since records began in 1851:

text: 19th century[edit]

text: The 19th century saw a few notable storms. In 1869 an intense Category 3 hurricane struck Southeastern New England. Other hurricanes that made landfall include the Equinoctial Storm, Expedition Hurricane, and the Saxby Gale. Since hurricanes were not named and fewer records were kept at the time, the information on some of the storms remains incomplete.

text:
Storm
Category
Season
Date of landfall

Peak intensity
Intensity at landfall

Tropical Storm Six
Tropical storm
Tropical storm
1851
October 19, 1851

Hurricane Three
Category 2
Category 1
1858
September 16, 1858

Equinoctial Storm
Category 1
Tropical storm
1861
September 28, 1861

Expedition Hurricane
Category 1
Tropical storm
1861
November 3, 1861

Hurricane Six
Category 3
Category 3
1869
September 8, 1869

Saxby Gale
Category 2
Category 2
1869
October 4, 1869

Hurricane Five
Category 1
Tropical storm
1872
October 27, 1872

Hurricane Six
Category 1
Tropical storm
1874
September 30, 1874

Hurricane Two
Category 3
Category 1
1879
August 19, 1879

Hurricane Six
Category 1
Category 1
1888
September 26, 1888

Hurricane Six
Category 2
Tropical storm
1889
September 25, 1889

Hurricane Five
Category 3
Category 1
1894
October 10, 1894

Hurricane Two
Category 3
Category 1
1896
September 10, 1896

Tropical Storm Three
Tropical storm
Tropical storm
1897
September 24, 1897

text: 20th century[edit]

text: The 20th century saw eight hurricanes making landfall in New England; out of these the more notable include the New England Hurricane of 1938 (also called the Long Island Express), which made landfall as a major hurricane;[61] Hurricane Carol did the same sixteen years later.[62] The last hurricane to make landfall in New England was Hurricane Bob in 1991 as a Category 2 hurricane with maximum sustained winds of 100 mph.[63]

text:
Storm
Category
Season
Date of landfall

Peak intensity
Intensity at landfall

Hurricane Two
Category 1
Tropical storm
1908
May 30, 1908

Hurricane Three
Category 2
Tropical storm
1916
July 21, 1916

Tropical Storm Seven
Tropical storm
Tropical storm
1923
October 19, 1923

Hurricane Seven
Category 2
Tropical storm
1934
September 9, 1934

New England hurricane
Category 5
Category 3
1938
September 21, 1938

Great Atlantic Hurricane
Category 4
Category 1
1944
September 15, 1944

Hurricane Carol
Category 3
Category 3
1954
August 31, 1954

Hurricane Edna
Category 3
Category 2
1954
September 11, 1954

Hurricane Cindy
Category 1
Tropical storm
1959
July 11, 1959

Tropical Storm Brenda
Tropical storm
Tropical storm
1960
July 30, 1960

Hurricane Donna
Category 4
Category 1
1960
September 12, 1960

Unnamed tropical storm
Tropical storm
Tropical storm
1961
September 15, 1961

Hurricane Esther
Category 4
Tropical storm
1961
September 26, 1961

Hurricane Gerda
Category 3
Category 2
1969
September 10, 1969

Tropical Storm Heidi
Tropical storm
Tropical storm
1971
September 14, 1971

Hurricane Belle
Category 3
Tropical storm
1976
August 10, 1976

Hurricane Gloria
Category 4
Category 1
1985
September 27, 1985

Hurricane Bob
Category 3
Category 2
1991
August 19, 1991

Hurricane Bertha
Category 3
Tropical storm
1996
July 13, 1996

Hurricane Floyd
Category 4
Tropical storm
1999
September 16–17, 1999

text: 21st century[edit]

text: So far in the 21st century three tropical cyclones have made landfall in New England. Tropical Storm Hermine in 2004, which made landfall in southeastern Massachusetts, Tropical Storm Beryl in 2006, which made landfall in Nantucket, and Tropical Storm Hanna in 2008, which made landfall in Connecticut. All three storms caused minimal damage overall throughout the region.

text:
Storm
Category
Season
Date of landfall

Peak intensity
Intensity at landfall

Tropical Storm Hermine
Tropical storm
Tropical storm
2004
August 31, 2004

Tropical Storm Beryl
Tropical storm
Tropical storm
2006
July 21, 2006

Hurricane Hanna
Category 1
Tropical storm
2008
September 6, 2008

text: Deadliest storms[edit]

text: Some tropical cyclones that have impacted New England have resulted in fatalities in the region. The most notorious and deadly of these storms is the 1938 New England hurricane which killed between 682 and 800 people. This list includes all tropical cyclones that have resulted in at least 10 deaths in New England. Some storms may be excluded or their death toll may be inaccurate due to a lack of available data at the time.

text:
Storm
Year
Number of deaths

New England hurricane of 1938
1938
682-800

1849 New England hurricane
1849
143

October tropical storm
1927
85

October Gale
1841
81

Hurricane Carol
1954
68

1778 New England hurricane
1778
50-70

Great Colonial Hurricane
1635
46+

August tropical storm
1917
41

1815 New England hurricane
1815
38+

Great Atlantic hurricane
1944
28

October hurricane
1878
27

Hurricane Edna
1954
21

Snow hurricane
1804
16

Hurricane Irene
2011
16

September Gale
1869
12

Hurricane Dog
1950
12

Hurricane Bob
1991
12