document_title: Brian O'Conner

question_text: paul walkers cars in fast and furious list

text: Brian O'Conner

text: Backstory

text: Brian grew up in Barstow, California along with childhood friend Roman Pearce (played by Tyrese Gibson in 2 Fast 2 Furious). It was while growing up with him that he first got into cars and street racing (and other sorts of trouble). When Brian was only two months out of the Police Academy, his friend Roman Pearce was caught in a garage with eight stolen vehicles. Roman is later sent to jail then afterwards is on probation with an ankle monitor. He blamed Brian for the arrest although he had no knowledge of what had happened in the carjacking incident, but more as a form of betrayal as Brian had joined forces with the police force, an organization he opposed.

text: After learning about Mia's pregnancy and Dominic's close relationship with his father, Brian later revealed that he never knew anything about his father since he was never in Brian's life.

text: Appearances

text: The Fast and the Furious

text: During the events of the first film, Brian is working as an undercover detective with the LAPD, who assigns him the task of solving a series of semi-trailer truck hijackings. He is given a very short amount of time to find the people responsible before the truckers start arming themselves with shotguns and taking matters into their own hands. Their only lead is a description of the vehicles used, black Honda Civics with green neon underglow.

text: When investigating the street race scene, he then meets Dominic Toretto whose crew he later infiltrates, first as a rival racer, in a race which he loses, then as a member after helping Dom escape the police. While running with Dom, he proceeds to investigate rival race crews led by Johnny Tran (Rick Yune) and Hector (played by Noel Gugliemi). He even goes as far as to organize and lead a large SWAT team into Johnny Tran's house after finding large amounts of merchandise, the kind from the highway robberies, while infiltrating his garage. Although the merchandise is illegal, they find nothing on Tran except a few minor charges—which leaves only Dom as a suspect. Brian soon finds out Toretto is responsible after watching him suddenly leave in the middle of a party at Race Wars and seeing Mia weeping to herself. He then reveals himself to Mia as a police officer and convinces her that if he does not get to her brother and his crew fast, they could get seriously injured or killed by the truckers who have begun to carry firearms.

text: As Brian and Mia race out to stop Dominic from making another highway robbery, two of his drivers, Letty (Michelle Rodriguez) and Vincent, are injured in the process, with Letty rolling her car on the side of the road and Vincent being shot in the side by a shotgun from the truck driver who they tried to hijack. Brian saves Vincent only to reveal to Dom that he's a cop. Brian later finds Dominic at his house attempting to look for Jesse (played by Chad Lindberg) when Tran and his accomplice roll up on their motorbikes pulling a drive by shooting on the Toretto house, narrowly missing everyone there except for Jesse who is killed in the process.

text: Both men then drive after Tran and his accomplice, with Dom running the accomplice of the road while Brian fatally shoots Tran. Afterward he chases Dominic, who he then races resulting in Dominic winning closely just before he is hit by another car. After surviving his car rolling over, Brian later pulls him out of the wreckage only to give him the keys to his vehicle, claiming "I owe you a ten second car" (the price he paid for losing the earlier race was his car). This leads to his aiding and abetting charge, resulting in his removal from the LAPD.

text: Brian leaves Los Angeles before the LAPD gets chance to arrest him for letting Dominic escape. While the FBI launch a national manhunt for him, Brian travels across Arizona, New Mexico, and Texas, winning every street race he participates in, with his red Dodge Stealth. However, he is forced to ditch his car at a motel in San Antonio when police officers are notified of his presence. When they collect the car, he manages to hitch a ride from an unknown woman (Minka Kelly), despite her knowing who he really is. She drops him at a used car lot, with him realizing she knows that he is a wanted man. There, he buys a green Nissan Skyline GT-R R34. Later, collecting money from street races, he modifies the car with new rims and repaints it silver before traveling eastbound and winning more races on the way. Upon reaching Jacksonville, Florida, Brian heads south toward Miami.

text: 2 Fast 2 Furious

text: Brian, now living in Miami, Florida competes part time as a street racer for his friend Tej Parker (Ludacris). While racing, he is caught by the local authorities and is facing jail time for his minor charges such as destruction of property (while infiltrating Toretto in the first film) and aiding and abetting Dominic Toretto. However, US Customs Agent Markham (James Remar) later gives him an offer to work undercover to infiltrate a local drug kingpin named Carter Verone (Cole Hauser) in exchange for a clean record. Seeing that they could not pin any charges on Verone until evidence of his payoff is in transit, O'Conner was in charge of being placed as a driver while undercover for Verone. Brian is given a partner named Dunn, who he quizzes regarding his knowledge of cars, and Dunn fails. Brian then proceeded to request his own driver, saying if he doesn't get the driver he wants, he won't participate in the operation and take his chances in Chino.

text: When Markham agrees to Brian's terms, Brian and his old FBI boss, Agent Bilkins (Thom Barry) seek out his childhood friend Roman Pearce (Tyrese Gibson) who is now a Demolition Derby driver. Not being on good terms, they scuffle on the ground much like from their childhood days since Pearce is unhappy with Brian being a police officer, and was arrested two months after Brian got out of Police Academy for possessing eight stolen cars, which Pearce blames Brian for, despite his knowing nothing about it. He is able to convince Pearce to accept the deal. After the agreement is settled, Bilkins and Markham then introduce Brian and Roman to Monica Fuentes (Eva Mendes),an undercover US Customs agent working with Carter. Brian and Roman are then given there cars. Brian drives a 2002 Mitsubishi Lancer Evo VII, and Roman drives a 2002 Mitsubishi Eclipse Spyder.

text: While infiltrating Carter Verone, both men are successful in getting into the organization, aided by Monica Fuentes. Monica, who has fallen in love with Brian, warns him that Verone intends to kill them at the end of their mission. Now the stakes are that if they fail, they go to jail or if they succeed, they get executed. With those choices, both men hatch a scheme to avoid jail time and being shot dead. Pearce reconciles with Brian, accepting that his arrest was not his fault. With help from Tej, they orchestrate a "scramble"—after driving into a garage they later have hundreds of race cars coming out, having switched cars with Tej and Suki (Devon Aoki) while in the garage.

text: The cars they later move out in are outfitted with ejection seats to rid themselves of unwanted guests. Brian is forced to meet up with Verone, but after beating up Carter's henchman (with help from Pearce) he proceeds to do a classic car jump onto Verone's boat. Afterward they arrest Verone and are off the hook. He and Monica exchange a meaningful glance, and the end scene is shown between O'Conner and Pearce walking away with their pockets full of Verone's drug money planning to open up a high performance garage.

text: Fast & Furious

text: Paul Walker reprises his role as Brian O'Conner in the fourth installment of the film series. This film takes place after the events of The Fast and the Furious and 2 Fast 2 Furious, much before the events of Tokyo Drift.

text: Brian O'Conner, now a fully reinstated FBI Agent is given the task of bringing down Arturo Braga, a known trafficker in Los Angeles and his connections to the street racing world. Brian is also not surprised to see Dominic Toretto doing a Suge Knight style balcony interrogation of possible lead David Park. Brian knows that it is because of Letty's recent murder that Dominic has returned to get answers. Also, it was Brian who was contacted by Letty with her proposal to infiltrate Braga's organization in exchange for Dom's safe return to Los Angeles.

text: Despite being a full agent again, he is still seen doing his trademark bending the rules and occasionally breaking them to solve the case.

text: Brian and Dom both infiltrate Braga's crew, neither aware of who Braga really is. After having the FBI do a fingerprint database search for Braga, it turns up to be the messenger Campos but not before an FBI Agent envious of O'Conner sends in a SWAT team (possibly intentional in ruining the bust as the agent responsible was at odds with O'Conner) forcing Braga to go back into hiding.

text: Later, as O'Conner and Dominic go into Mexico to search for Braga, they are given a tip off by one of Braga's people, in this case, one of his females named Giselle Harabo (Gal Gadot) who has taken an attraction to Dom. Brian and Dom successfully apprehend Carlos Braga after doing a series of follow ups in Mexico and helps Dom kill Fenix Rise (Laz Alonso), who is responsible for Letty's death, by holding his ankles while Dominic impales him with a henchman's '73 Chevy Camaro F-Bomb, and is even present at Dominic's trial when he is given a sentence of "25 years to life without the possibility of early parole". Despite Dom's sentencing, Brian, Mia, and two of Dom's Latino accomplices from the beginning of the film (Leo and Santos, played by Don Omar and Tego Calderón respectively) are seen driving towards his prison bus in similar style to Dominic's heists about to bust him free, which later leads to Dominic's appearance in Tokyo, Japan during the end film events of The Fast and the Furious: Tokyo Drift.

text: There is no mention of the fate regarding his plans for opening an automotive shop with childhood friend Roman Pearce in Miami. It is also revealed in this film why he let Dominic go in the first film—that he respected Dominic more than he did himself, and perhaps due to the fact that his raid on Tran's estate indirectly caused Jesse's death.

text: During the course of the film, Brian also rekindles his old romance with Mia Toretto, Dominic's younger sister. After seeing her in an FBI interrogation room, he releases her, and the two go out for coffee. During the conversation they share, she reveals her anger at his "betrayal" of their group at the end of the first film, questions why he let Dom go (to which Brian claims he doesn't know), and tells him how hurt she was when he left her suddenly, with no explanation. While Brian initially puts professional distance between himself and Mia, he finally admits to her that leaving her was the hardest thing he ever did, and later, when Mia breaks down, Brian comforts her, resulting in a passionate reunion between the two.

text: Fast Five

text: O'Conner and Toretto get caught in a crossfire with corrupt businessman and ruthless drug lord Hernan Reyes's in Rio de Janeiro and plot to steal all of Reyes' money to buy their freedom. It is revealed in Fast Five that O'Conner's father was not there for him and O'Conner does not know anything about him, unlike the close bond that Toretto's father had with both his children. He is often worried that he will behave in the manner that his father did, but Toretto reassured him that he won't because he will keep an eye on him if he does. O'Conner had been in juvenile detention with Roman before he became a cop. O'Conner has also rekindled his relationship with Mia, and she becomes pregnant with his child.

text: Fast & Furious 6

text: O'Conner, Toretto, and Mia live peacefully in the Canary Islands in Spain, where Mia gives birth to their son. O'Conner joins Toretto's team in complying with the request of Agent Hobbs to take down rival gang leader Owen Shaw. When the team realizes that Braga worked for Shaw, O'Conner decides to enter the United States to interrogate him about Shaw. After successfully questioning Braga and returning to London, O'Conner starts to feel guilty for letting Letty go undercover, which led to her amnesia and subsequent work for Shaw. The group captures Shaw and convinces Letty to side with them. O'Conner apologizes to Letty, who says that she might not remember him, but if she did work for him, she would have done of her own free will. Shaw reveals that he had captured Mia, leading to a high-speed chase after Shaw's airplane, where Mia is rescued and Shaw is crippled and put into a coma. Hobbs then grants the group's amnesty, and the entire crew move back to America, where Mia, Toretto and O'Conner have decided to reside in the old Toretto home.

text: Furious 7

text: Brian and the rest of the crew return to the U.S. and live normal lives again. Brian begins to accustom himself to life as a father, but misses the old life he once enjoyed. Meanwhile, Dom learns from his sister, Mia, that she is pregnant again, but fears to tell Brian because of his longing for missing the bullets. However, their house is destroyed by Deckard Shaw, brother to Owen Shaw, who has come out of hiding for vengeance, which forces Brian, Roman, Tej, Letty and Dom to go after him. Before leaving, Brian makes a promise to Mia that after Shaw is dealt with, he will dedicate himself to his family. To rescue Ramsey, a hacker who has a device known as 'God's Eye' that can locate anyone on Earth, the team airdrops their cars over the Caucasus Mountains and ambush Jakande's convoy and rescue Ramsey, finding out that she is a young woman. They then head to Abu Dhabi, where a billionaire has acquired the flash drive containing God's Eye. The team break into his penthouse and manage to steal the flash drive. On the both occasions, the team is pursued by Shaw, who engages in combat with Dom, with the team barely managing to escape. With God's Eye, the team manages to track down Shaw, who is waiting at a remote factory. Dom, Brian and Mr. Nobody, along with a covert ops unit, attempt to capture Shaw but are ambushed by Jakande and Jakande's militants, who have allied with Deckard. After the ambush, Nobody's men are killed and Nobody is injured, though he manages to escape with Toretto and Brian, while Jakande obtains God's Eye. Nobody warns Brian and Dom that Jakande will use God's Eye to hunt down Ramsey, who is the only one who can destroy it. They drive off, leaving Nobody behind to be evacuated by one of his 'stand-by' helicopters. Left with no other choice, the team return to Los Angeles to fight Shaw, Jakande and his men on their home turf. Dom plans to confront Shaw alone while Brian and the rest of the crew prepare to deal with Jakande. Just as they are preparing, Brian calls Mia and professes his love, fearing he may not survive, and learns that she is pregnant with a baby girl, motivating him to come back alive. While Jakande pursues Brian and the rest of the crew with a stealth attack helicopter and a UAV, using God's Eye to track down Ramsey, they barely survive and manage to shut down God's Eye with Brian's help to establish a connection for Ramsey to hack it. In the aftermath, Hobbs kills Jakande by shooting the bag of grenades that Dom managed to throw inside the helicopter, while also taking out the UAV. Deckard is defeated by Dom and imprisoned. Finally at peace, the team celebrate at the beach. While Brian and Mia play with their son, Dom, Letty, Ramsey, Roman and Tej observe, appreciating their happiness and acknowledging that Brian is better off retired with his family. Dom silently leaves, not wanting to disturb the happy moment and drives off. Brian notices and manages to catch up to him, asking Dom "You thought you could leave without saying goodbye?" As he pulls up beside Dom's car in his white Toyota Supra they look at each other and smile, then bid each other farewell as Brian turns off the main road, and Dom continues on ahead.

text: The Fate of the Furious

text: Brian does not appear in The Fate of the Furious, but he, alongside Mia, is seen in a photo in Dom's car. He is also mentioned by Roman and Letty as when Dom betrays the team, Roman suggests that Brian be called to help them figure out why Dom betrayed them. But Letty reminded him that they all agreed to keep Brian and Mia retired from the team due to them wanting a normal life and for the safety of their children. Dom later names his son after Brian.

text: Character, traits and abilities

text: His charismatic, level-headed personality often contrasts with Toretto's aggressive behavior. Despite his composure, Brian is a secret adrenalin junkie; once, he confides in Dom (when describing the challenges of fatherhood) that he misses the dangerous lifestyle. He is also shown to be brave, particularly when protecting friends or loved ones by making seemingly lethal, impulsive or courageous decisions.

text: O'Conner was first unknown with the car tuning community, but after with meeting Toretto, he became more positive, active in the racing scene, becoming a skilled mechanic.

text: He is very interested in tuners, especially Nissan Skyline models. He owned two Nissan Skyline GT-R R34's (one in the second movie and one in the fourth), Nissan C10 Skyline and finally a Nissan GT-R.

text: Apart from Skylines, he has owned: a tuned Mitsubishi Eclipse in the first film (but it's hinted this was paid for by the LAPD-FBI task force he had gone undercover for), a Lancer Evo, a Subaru (twice) and a Supra (twice).

text: Brian's Cars

text: The following cars are driven by Brian O'Conner throughout the series:

text:
1995 Mitsubishi Eclipse - Shot at by Johnny Tran and later destroyed after ruptured nitrous tanks explode; equipped with a 420A motor with an upgrade to a T3 turbo and front mount intercooler, standalone fuel management and nitrous. This was the car Brian used to race Dom in the beginning of the first film.
1995 Toyota Supra - Brian handed over the keys to Dominic after he crashed his Dodge Charger R/T, claiming he owed him a ten second car. In the movie, Jesse referred to spending $10,000-$15,000 on this car when in reality there was over $150,000 dollars invested in the Supra.
1999 Ford F-150 Lightning - Seen bumping the curb outside of Harry's performance shop "The Racer's Edge", and when Brian is pulled over and arrested by Sergeant Tanner.
1995 Dodge Stealth - Seen in The Turbo Charged Prelude for 2 Fast 2 Furious; now a fugitive, he races with it until it's impounded by the FBI then later replaces it with a Nissan Skyline GT-R R34 on his way to Miami.
2002 Mitsubishi Lancer OZ Rally - Provided for Brian, in 2 Fast 2 Furious for his undercover mission of taking down drug lord Carter Verone in Miami. It is fitted with a tracking device. He later switches cars in an elaborate scramble sequence, continuing his mission undetected.

text: Note: The Evo VII had the tail lights from the Mitsubishi Lancer OZ Rally and it was both the 2002 Evo VII and 2002 Lancer OZ Rally.

text:
1969 Yenko Camaro - Won from fellow racer Korpi, this is the car Brian switches into after the scramble sequence, and drives for the rest of the film. It is outfitted with an ejector seat, which somehow fails, and is forced to drive with Verone's henchman to the checkpoint. Brian later uses the Camaro to drive off the shore onto Verone's boat to rescue Monica after she is taken captive.
2001 Nissan Skyline GT-R R34 - Driven by Brian in 2 Fast 2 Furious and Fast & Furious. In the second film, it is colored silver from House of Kolors and blue stripes. In the fourth film, Brian is given a second Skyline and drives this car in the race against Dominic, which he very narrowly loses after Dom cheats near the end of the race. Later, when he and Dom confront Fenix Rise about Letty's death, Dom (having anticipated betrayal) blows up all the racers' cars (including Brian's) by igniting the nitrous tanks equipped in his own car.
2006 Hummer H1 - Briefly driven by Brian and Dom after his own car is blown up to escape from Rise; it contains the heroin being transported to Braga. He later hides it in the LAPD impound lot in plain sight.
2008 Subaru Impreza WRX STI - "Given" to Brian by Dom after he blows up his Skyline, claiming the line from the first film that Dom now owes him a "ten second car". He drives this car for the rest of the film, using it to apprehend Braga in a cathedral in Mexico and racing against Rise with it.
1970 Dodge Charger R/T - Dominic Toretto's car but driven by Brian at the end of Fast & Furious when he, Mia and the two Latinos intercept Dom's prison bus.

text: Reception

text: The role won Walker the MTV Movie Award in 2002 and (posthumously) 2014, for Best On-Screen Team, both of which he shared with Vin Diesel.[2] Further recognition came in the 2015 Teen Choice Awards, again posthumously.[3][4][5] Walker's portrayal has made the actor becoming strongly identified with the character.[6][7]

text: His relationship with Dominic Toretto has been described as a bromance.[8]

text: Notes

text: Jump up ^ After Paul Walker's death in a single vehicle accident on November 30, 2013, halfway through filming Furious 7, his brothers, Caleb and Cody, and John Brotherton (who also appears in the film as Sheppard), were hired as stand-ins to film his remaining scenes, with Paul's face, recreated by CGI or archive footage, placed over theirs.

tag: ol


document_title: 47th Academy Awards

question_text: who won the oscar for best actor in 1975

root

text: 47th Academy Awards

text: Winners and nominees[edit]

text: Winners are listed first, highlighted in boldface and indicated with a double dagger ().[1][2]

tag: p

text:
Best Picture
Best Director

The Godfather Part II – Francis Ford Coppola, producer; Gray Frederickson and Fred Roos, co–producers

Chinatown – Robert Evans, producer
The Conversation – Francis Ford Coppola, producer
Lenny – Marvin Worth, producer
The Towering Inferno – Irwin Allen, producer

Francis Ford Coppola – The Godfather Part II

John Cassavetes – A Woman Under the Influence
Bob Fosse – Lenny
Roman Polanski – Chinatown
François Truffaut – Day for Night

Best Actor
Best Actress

Art Carney – Harry and Tonto as Harry Coombes

Albert Finney – Murder on the Orient Express as Hercule Poirot
Dustin Hoffman – Lenny as Lenny Bruce
Jack Nicholson – Chinatown as J.J. "Jake" Gittes
Al Pacino – The Godfather Part II as Michael Corleone

Ellen Burstyn – Alice Doesn't Live Here Anymore as Alice Hyatt

Diahann Carroll – Claudine as Claudine Price
Faye Dunaway – Chinatown as Evelyn Cross Mulwray
Valerie Perrine – Lenny as Honey Bruce
Gena Rowlands – A Woman Under the Influence as Mabel Longhetti

Best Supporting Actor
Best Supporting Actress

Robert De Niro – The Godfather Part II as Vito Corleone

Fred Astaire – The Towering Inferno as Claiborne
Jeff Bridges – Thunderbolt and Lightfoot as Lightfoot
Michael V. Gazzo – The Godfather Part II as Frankie "Five Angels" Pentangeli
Lee Strasberg – The Godfather Part II as Hyman Roth

Ingrid Bergman – Murder on the Orient Express as Greta Ohlsson

Valentina Cortese – Day for Night as Severine
Madeline Kahn – Blazing Saddles as Lili von Shtupp
Diane Ladd – Alice Doesn't Live Here Anymore as Florence "Flo" Castleberry
Talia Shire – The Godfather Part II as Constanzia "Connie" Corleone

Best Original Screenplay
Best Screenplay Adapted from Other Material

Chinatown – Robert Towne

Alice Doesn't Live Here Anymore – Robert Getchell
The Conversation – Francis Ford Coppola
Day for Night – François Truffaut, Suzanne Schiffman and Jean-Louis Richard
Harry and Tonto – Paul Mazursky and Josh Greenfeld

The Godfather Part II – Francis Ford Coppola and Mario Puzo based on the novel The Godfather by Mario Puzo

The Apprenticeship of Duddy Kravitz – Mordecai Richler and Lionel Chetwynd based on the novel by Mordecai Richler
Lenny – Julian Barry based on his play
Murder on the Orient Express – Paul Dehn based on the novel by Agatha Christie
Young Frankenstein – Gene Wilder and Mel Brooks based on Mary Shelley's Frankenstein

Best Documentary Feature
Best Documentary Short Subject

Hearts and Minds – Peter Davis

Antonia: A Portrait of the Woman – Judy Collins and Jill Godmilow
The Challenge... A Tribute to Modern Art – Herbert Kline
The 81st Blow – Haim Gouri
The Wild and the Brave – Eugene S. Jones

Don't – Robin Lehman

City Out of Wilderness
Exploreatorium
John Muir's High Sierra
Naked Yoga

Best Live Action Short Film
Best Animated Short Film

One-Eyed Men Are Kings – Paul Claudon and Edmond Sechan

Climb – Dewitt Jones
The Concert – Julian Chagrin and Claude Chagrin
Planet Ocean – George V. Casey
The Violin – Andrew Welsh and George Pastic

Closed Mondays – Will Vinton and Bob Gardiner

The Family That Dwelt Apart – Yvon Mallette and Robert Verrall
Hunger – Peter Foldes and René Jodoin
Voyage to Next – John Hubley and Faith Hubley
Winnie the Pooh and Tigger Too! – Wolfgang Reitherman

Best Original Dramatic Score
Best Original Song Score and Adaptation

The Godfather Part II – Nino Rota and Carmine Coppola

Chinatown – Jerry Goldsmith
Murder on the Orient Express – Richard Rodney Bennett
Shanks – Alex North
The Towering Inferno – John Williams

The Great Gatsby – Adaptation Score by Nelson Riddle

The Little Prince – Song Score by Alan Jay Lerner and Frederick Loewe; Adaptation Score by Angela Morley and Douglas Gamley
Phantom of the Paradise – Song Score by Paul Williams; Adaptation Score by Paul Williams and George Aliceson Tipton

Best Original Song
Best Sound

"We May Never Love Like This Again" — The Towering Inferno • Music and Lyrics by Al Kasha and Joel Hirschhorn

"Benji's Theme (I Feel Love)" — Benji • Music by Euel Box • Lyrics by Betty Box
"Blazing Saddles" — Blazing Saddles • Music by John Morris • Lyrics by Mel Brooks
"Wherever Love Takes Me" — Gold • Music by Elmer Bernstein • Lyrics by Don Black
"Little Prince" — The Little Prince • Music by Frederick Loewe • Lyrics by Alan Jay Lerner

Earthquake – Ronald Pierce and Melvin Metcalfe, Sr.

Chinatown – Charles Grenzbach and Larry Jost
The Conversation – Walter Murch and Art Rochester
The Towering Inferno – Theodore Soderberg and Herman Lewis
Young Frankenstein – Richard Portman and Gene Cantamessa

Best Foreign Language Film
Best Costume Design

Amarcord – Italy

Cats' Play – Hungary
The Deluge – Poland
Lacombe, Lucien – France
The Truce – Argentina

The Great Gatsby – Theoni V. Aldredge

Chinatown – Anthea Sylbert
Daisy Miller – John Furniss
The Godfather Part II – Theadora Van Runkle
Murder on the Orient Express – Tony Walton

Best Art Direction
Best Cinematography

The Godfather Part II – Art Direction: Dean Tavoularis and Angelo P. Graham: Set Decoration: George R. Nelson

Chinatown – Art Direction: Richard Sylbert and W. Stewart Campbell; Set Decoration: Ruby R. Levitt
Earthquake – Art Direction: Alexander Golitzen and E. Preston Ames; Set Decoration: Frank R. McKelvy
The Island at the Top of the World – Art Direction: Peter Ellenshaw, John B. Mansbridge, Walter H. Tyler and Al Roelofs; Set Decoration: Hal Gausman
The Towering Inferno – Art Direction: William J. Creber and Ward Preston; Set Decoration: Raphael Bretton

The Towering Inferno – Joseph F. Biroc and Fred J. Koenekamp

Chinatown – John A. Alonzo
Earthquake – Philip Lathrop
Lenny – Bruce Surtees
Murder on the Orient Express – Geoffrey Unsworth

Best Film Editing

The Towering Inferno — Harold F. Kress and Carl Kress

Blazing Saddles — John C. Howard and Danford Greene
Chinatown — Sam O'Steen
Earthquake — Dorothy Spencer
The Longest Yard — Michael Luciano

tag: table

text: Academy Honorary Award[edit]

text:
Jean Renoir
Howard Hawks

tag: ul

text: Jean Hersholt Humanitarian Award[edit]

text: Arthur B. Krim

text: Multiple nominations and awards[edit]

text:
These films had multiple nominations:

11 nominations: Chinatown and The Godfather Part II
8 nominations: The Towering Inferno
6 nominations: Lenny and Murder on the Orient Express
4 nominations: Earthquake
3 nominations: Alice Doesn't Live Here Anymore, Blazing Saddles, The Conversation and Day for Night
2 nominations: The Great Gatsby, Harry and Tonto, The Little Prince, A Woman Under the Influence and Young Frankenstein

The following films received multiple awards.

6 wins: The Godfather Part II
3 wins: The Towering Inferno
2 wins: The Great Gatsby

text: Presenters and performers[edit]

text: The following individuals, listed in order of appearance, presented awards or performed musical numbers.

text: Presenters[edit]

text:
Name
Role

Simms, HankHank Simms
Announcer for the 47th Academy Awards

Mirisch, WalterWalter Mirisch (AMPAS President)
Gave opening remarks welcoming guests to the awards ceremony

O'Neal, RyanRyan O'Neal and
Tatum O'Neal
Explained the voting rules to the public and presenters of the award for Best Supporting Actor

Coppola, Francis FordFrancis Ford Coppola
Received the award for Best Supporting Actor on behalf of Robert de Niro

McDowall, RoddyRoddy McDowall and
Brenda Vaccaro
Presenters of the Short Films Awards

Hutton, LaurenLauren Hutton and
Danny Thomas
Presenters of the Documentary Awards

Bergman, IngridIngrid Bergman
Presenter of the Honorary Award to Jean Renoir

Hope, BobBob Hope
Presenter of the Special Achievement Award to Frank Brendel, Glen Robinson and Albert Whitlock for their work in Earthquake

Kelly, GeneGene Kelly
Presenter of the award for Best Original Song

Bottoms, JosephJoseph Bottoms and
Deborah Raffin
Presenters of the award for Best Sound

Wayne, JohnJohn Wayne
Presenter of the Honorary Award to Howard Hawks

Carroll, DiahannDiahann Carroll and
Johnny Green
Presenters of the Music Awards

Bacall, LaurenLauren Bacall
Presenter of the award for Best Costume Design

Falk, PeterPeter Falk and
Katharine Ross
Presenters of the award for Best Supporting Actress

Blakely, SusanSusan Blakely and
O. J. Simpson
Presenters of the award for Best Art Direction

Voight, JonJon Voight and
Raquel Welch
Presenters of the award for Best Cinematography

Carey, MacdonaldMacdonald Carey and
Jennifer O'Neill
Presenters of the award for Best Film Editing

George, SusanSusan George and
Jack Valenti
Presenters of the award for Best Foreign Language Film

Sinatra, FrankFrank Sinatra
Presenter of the Jean Hersholt Humanitarian Award to Arthur J. Krim

Hawn, GoldieGoldie Hawn and
Robert Wise
Presenters of the award for Best Director

Michener, JamesJames Michener
Presenter of the awards for Best Screenplay Adapted from Other Material and Best Original Screenplay

Jackson, GlendaGlenda Jackson
Presenter of the award for Best Actor

Lemmon, JackJack Lemmon
Presenter of the award for Best Actress

Beatty, WarrenWarren Beatty
Presenter of the award for Best Picture

text: Performers[edit]

text:
Name
Role
Performed

Green, JohnnyJohnny Green
Musical arranger and Conductor
Orchestral

Laine, FrankieFrankie Laine
Performer
"Blazing Saddles" from Blazing Saddles

Jones, JackJack Jones
Performer
“Little Prince” from The Little Prince

Franklin, ArethaAretha Franklin
Performer
"Wherever Love Takes Me" from Gold

Frankie Laine,
Jack Jones and
Aretha Franklin
Performers
"We May Never Love Like This Again" from The Towering Inferno and "Benji's Theme (I Feel Love)" from Benji

Sinatra, FrankFrank Sinatra,
Shirley MacLaine,
Sammy Davis Jr.,
Bob Hope and
Academy Awards Orchestra
Performers
"That's Entertainment!"


document_title: That '70s Show

question_text: when did the first episode of that 70s show air

text: That '70s Show

text: Cast[edit]

text: Teens[edit]

text:
Topher Grace as Eric Forman (seasons 1–7; uncredited special guest season 8): Eric is a nice guy, generally geeky, physically slight and somewhat clumsy. He is a smart-aleck with a fast wit and a deadpan sense of humor. He convinces his parents to let his best friend Steven Hyde move in with them, making Hyde like a brother. His father Red, is always hard on him. Eric is in a relationship with his longtime love and neighbor Donna Pinciotti. He decides to become a teacher after high school and he leaves the series at the end of the seventh season to teach in Africa. Although mentioned in every episode, he does not appear during the final season until the end of the series finale.
Mila Kunis as Jackie Burkhart: The youngest member of the group, Jackie starts the series as the pretty, rich, spoiled, selfish, conceited and annoying immature girl. She likes to give thoughtless and superficial advice, which occasionally turns out to be correct. As the series progresses, she moves away from her self-centered ways and becomes sweeter, mostly after her father, a crooked politician, goes to jail and her fortunes take a reversal. Partly as a result of these changes, Donna and she become better friends. By the end of the series, Jackie had dated three of the four males of the group: Kelso, Hyde and Fez.
Ashton Kutcher as Michael Kelso (seasons 1–7; special guest season 8): The tall dim-witted pretty boy of the group wants to coast through life on his good looks. Often referred to as "The King" in many episodes, he spends the first half of the series in a relationship with the equally vapid Jackie, but their relationship comes to an end when Laurie (Eric's older sister) reveals their affair. His best friends are Hyde and Fez. He fathers a baby girl named Betsy from a girl named Brooke during the seventh season. He becomes a police officer but gets kicked off the force because he does just about everything wrong. He gets a job as a security guard at a Playboy Club in Chicago and leaves the series during the eighth and final season. Kelso, along with Eric, returns for the series finale.
Danny Masterson as Steven Hyde: Eric's best friend and the anti-establishment member of the group. By the end of season one, the Formans allow Hyde to move in after he was abandoned by his mother, making him a foster brother to Eric. Hyde has a witty, blunt and sarcastic sense of humor and a rebellious personality. He is also smart and the other group members often ask for his advice. Although Hyde dates Jackie for three seasons, in the final season he marries an exotic dancer named Samantha. Hyde later discovers Samantha was married to another man when she married him. As Donna points out in "My Fairy King", that means Hyde and Samantha are not legally married. In the seventh season, Hyde meets his biological father (William Barnett, played by Tim Reid), a wealthy black businessman (making Hyde, who was presumed white, biracial). Barnett, who owns a chain of record stores, makes Hyde first an office worker, then a manager and later the owner of the Point Place record store. He also previously worked for Leo in a Photo Hut earlier in the series.
Laura Prepon as Donna Pinciotti: Eric's longtime girlfriend (and briefly fiancée). Donna is tall, intelligent, good-looking and a feminist. Although she does not agree with what Jackie represents in the beginning of the series, they become friends. Donna is in a relationship with Eric for seven seasons (despite their break-up during season 4). She has brief romances with Casey, Michael's brother and Randy during the final season and quickly ends it. She rekindles her relationship with Eric at the end of the show's finale.
Wilmer Valderrama as Fez: The horny foreign exchange student of the group whose hormones are usually out of control. His country of origin is never named. He enjoys eating candy, drinking beer and looking at pornography. He constantly flirts with Jackie and Donna and often makes romantic advances toward them. Initially, he has trouble getting attention from girls, but during the eighth season he becomes a ladies' man. He is in love with Jackie throughout the series but his love is not reciprocated until the eighth season when they become a couple.
Josh Meyers as Randy Pearson (season 8): Hyde's employee at the record store. He is introduced in the final season. Randy appears laid back, gentle, polite and a ladies' man, although many of his flaws surface later, encompassing parts of the departed Kelso and Eric's personalities and other attributes. Tall (like Kelso), he tends to spout witty one-liners (like Eric), and makes silly voices. He forms a friendship with Red after showing Red how good he is at fixing things. While Hyde, Jackie, Donna and Kelso embrace him as a new member of their group, Fez initially does not, but soon warms up to him. Randy dates Donna for the majority of season eight, but she later breaks up with him. The two end on good terms and remain friends. He makes a brief appearance in the series finale. Randy is considered the worst character in the show.[2]

text: Adults[edit]

text:
Debra Jo Rupp as Kitty Forman: Red's wife and mother of Eric and Laurie, and Hyde's informally adoptive mother, Kitty is a cheerful, doting mother, but can also be assertive when pushed. A nurse by profession, she drinks heavily and is a former smoker. Her major mood swings are usually attributed to menopause, although the lack of affection and attention from her daughter (Laurie) and her mother (Bea) is also partly to blame. She is also a nurturing mother figure to Eric's rather dysfunctional friends, especially Fez.
Kurtwood Smith as Red Forman: Kitty's husband, father of Eric and Laurie, and Hyde's adoptive father. A conservative Navy combat veteran, he served in the Korean War. Despite his mean exterior, Red also displays a soft side. His hobbies include working with his power tools, drinking beer, watching television, reading the newspaper, hunting and fishing.
Lisa Robin Kelly (seasons 2–3; recurring season 1; special appearance 5), Christina Moore (recurring, season 6) as Laurie Forman: Eric's attractive but promiscuous, manipulative and dishonest older sister. She flunked out of college during the first season and moves back home with her parents. Laurie enjoys tormenting Eric and manipulating her parents. She is promiscuous, often seen with various men, mainly Eric's friend Kelso, who cheats on his girlfriend Jackie. Eric, Hyde and Donna often mock her promiscuity. She also has a strained relationship with her mother who thinks of her as a freeloader. She leaves the series during the third season, but returns in a recurring role during the fifth. In season five, she marries Fez to prevent him from getting deported. She leaves the series again during season 6 and is never seen again. During the seventh season, she is mentioned as having moved to Canada, where, as Eric puts it drolly, "bottomless dancing is legal".
Tanya Roberts as Midge Pinciotti (seasons 1–3; special guest appearance seasons 6–7): Bob's wife, Donna's mother, and Kitty's best friend, Midge is the sexy neighborhood mom about whom Eric and his male friends fantasized when coming of age. Although often dim-witted, she later adopts some feminist ideals. She is written out of the series in 2001 after the third season after leaving Bob and moving to California. She returns during the sixth and seventh seasons in a limited recurring role. She is temporarily replaced in Bob's heart by the aggressive, assertive Joanne (played by Mo Gaffney), tall like Midge but not as pretty. She and Bob meet in a supermarket. Red and Joanne almost immediately take a mutual dislike to each other.
Don Stark as Bob Pinciotti: Midge's husband and Donna's father. Bob often brags about his service in the National Guard, which invariably irritates Red, a Korean War veteran. Bob is known for walking around his house with his robe wide open and no underwear. He eats constantly, even in bed. Bob is almost always in a good mood and is a ladies' man. His best friend is Red, who usually considers him to be a nuisance. He usually takes the brunt of Red's abuse in a jolly manner.
Tommy Chong as Leo Chingkwake (seasons 4 & 8; special guest seasons 2–3 & 7): A hippie, and the owner of a Foto Hut at which Hyde once worked, Leo is an Army veteran who served in World War II, where he was awarded a Purple Heart. Leo often puts play before work and maintains an easy-going attitude in most things, business included. He disappears from the series after season four, but is later referenced in season five's "The Battle of Evermore" when the gang goes on a mission to find him, but with no luck. He returns in season seven and remains on the series until the show's end. In Season 8, he gets a new job working for Hyde at Grooves.

text: Episodes[edit]

text:
Season
Episodes
Originally aired

First aired
Last aired

1
25
August 23, 1998 (1998-08-23)
July 26, 1999 (1999-07-26)

2
26
September 28, 1999 (1999-09-28)
May 22, 2000 (2000-05-22)

3
25
October 3, 2000 (2000-10-03)
May 22, 2001 (2001-05-22)

4
27
September 25, 2001 (2001-09-25)
May 21, 2002 (2002-05-21)

5
25
September 17, 2002 (2002-09-17)
May 14, 2003 (2003-05-14)

6
25
October 29, 2003 (2003-10-29)
May 19, 2004 (2004-05-19)

7
25
September 8, 2004 (2004-09-08)
May 18, 2005 (2005-05-18)

8
22
November 2, 2005 (2005-11-02)
May 18, 2006 (2006-05-18)

text: Timeline[edit]

text: This section does not cite any sources. Please help improve this section by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. (November 2013) (Learn how and when to remove this template message)

text: The creators had wanted the show to have a 1970s "feel" from the beginning, so opted to set the series later in the decade, when trends and political ideologies had become firmly established and disseminated. The idea that the duration of the series would carry sociopolitical undertones also necessitated a chain of social events which could influence the characters. Thus, 1976 was chosen, which allowed episodes set within a short time frame to address streaking, the sexual revolution, the Equal Rights Amendment, the 1973 oil crisis, and the presidencies of Richard Nixon and Gerald Ford, all of which were culturally influential events that occurred in the earlier years of the 1970s. The shift to 1977 during the last half of the first season also allowed the inclusion of a the first Star Wars movie, which premiered in May 1977.

text: Throughout the first two seasons, episodes opened with title cards showing the season/month and year (example: Late Spring, 1977 or June 1977). These, however, were largely abandoned after season 2, with few subsequent episodes using them. However, they were used again in the final episode, showing "December 31, 1979 10:45 a.m." From the premiere onward, the episode's year could be determined by the registration tags on Eric's Vista Cruiser at the end of the opening and closing credits. The final episode's closing credits showed an "80" year tag.

text: The show was set in May 1976 in the August 23, 1998 premiere. After 12 episodes, the series transitioned to 1977. The 23rd episode, "Grandma's Dead", was also set in 1976, because it was supposed to be the season finale of season 1. The show remained in 1977 for the next two seasons. Near the end of the third season, the series transitioned to 1978 until early in the sixth season. The remaining episodes took place in 1979, and the series finale abruptly ends during a New Year's Eve party as the characters reach "one" during a countdown to January 1, 1980.

text: The show's unexpected longevity (it was the only series to debut on Fox in 1998 to survive cancellation) combined with the first season jump to 1977 necessitated a slow-down of the series' timeline. Over time, this proved problematic from a narrative standpoint, as nearly every year featured a Thanksgiving and/or Christmas episode, and the teen-aged actors playing high-school student characters all aged into their mid-20s by the time their characters graduated from high school after five seasons (except Mila Kunis, who was not quite 20). As the series timeline sped up and slowed down with more rapidity near the series' climax, the timeline necessitated that several major events depicted as having occurred months apart would have in fact happened within weeks or even days of one another.

text: The timeline issues experienced on the show were not unprecedented, as other period-specific TV series have had similar issues. Most notably, M*A*S*H aired for 11 seasons despite the Korean War only lasting three years. Additionally, many TV series over the years that take place in the present time have characters age faster than normal while other characters age naturally.

text: Eighth season and series finale[edit]

text: The character of Eric Forman was written out of the series at the end of the seventh season, as Topher Grace wanted to move on with his career.[3] Ashton Kutcher switched to a recurring guest role when he also chose to depart following the seventh season.[3] However, Kelso had not been written out yet, so to give better closure to the character, Kutcher appeared in the first four episodes of the eighth season (credited as a special guest star) and later returned for the finale. Tommy Chong (who began reappearing by late season 7 after a long absence) became a regular again to help fill Kelso's role as the dimwit of the group. Eric was originally supposed to be replaced by his new friend Charlie, played by Bret Harrison, as an "innocent character", who proved fairly popular with audiences, but the character was killed off after Harrison was offered a lead role in the series The Loop.[4] Another new character named Randy Pearson, played by Josh Meyers, was introduced to take the place of both Eric and, to a lesser extent, Charlie.[5] Another new character, Samantha, a stripper played by Judy Tylor, was added as Hyde's wife for nine episodes. The location of the show's introductory theme song was changed from the Vista Cruiser to the circle. Both Eric and Kelso returned for the series' final episode, although Topher Grace was uncredited.

text: The eighth season was announced as the final season of the show on January 17, 2006,[6] and "That '70s Finale" was filmed a month later on February 17, 2006, first airing on May 18, 2006.[7]

text: Production[edit]

text: Opening[edit]

text: Theme song[edit]

text: The show usually opens with the theme song, "In the Street", written by Alex Chilton and Chris Bell of the band Big Star. The original version of the song appeared on Big Star's 1972 debut album #1 Record. In 2000, Chilton confirmed that he was paid $70 in royalties each time the show aired, an amount he thought ironic, given the show's title.[8]

text: Big Star's original version of the song was not used on the show. Instead, a cover version sung by Todd Griffin was used as the theme song for the show's first season. Beginning in the second season, the theme song was performed by the band Cheap Trick. Unlike previous versions of the song, Cheap Trick ended the song with the repeated phrase "We're all alright!" quoting the ending of their 1978 hit song "Surrender".[9]

text: Both versions of the song (Todd Griffin and Cheap Trick) used on the show end with somebody yelling "Hello, Wisconsin!" In Griffin's version, Masterson is the one yelling "Hello, Wisconsin!"[10] while it is unknown who yells it in Cheap Trick's version during the opening. On the soundtrack, That '70s Album (Rockin'), Cheap Trick's lead singer Robin Zander yells "Hello, Wisconsin!"[11] Alternate holiday versions of the theme song were arranged for Halloween and Christmas specials, using organ music and bells, respectively.

text: Opening credits[edit]

text: Opening credits for seasons 1–7 showed members of the cast driving in Eric's car singing the theme song together. At the conclusion of the opening, a shot of a 1970s-style Wisconsin license plate (black letters/numbers on a yellow background) is seen, showing the year in which the episode was taking place in the bottom right corner. During the first season's opening, a single shot of the group is used; beginning with season 2, numerous alternating shots were used of the cast in various groupings (including the adult cast members, who had not appeared in the first season's opening).

text: After Topher Grace and Ashton Kutcher left the series, the opening credits were reworked for season 8 to feature close-up shots of each of the actors singing (or mouthing) a line of the theme song in the Circle (for example, Mila Kunis "Hanging Out...;" Danny Masterson "Down the Street"). The only actors to not say or do anything in the new opening credits were Kurtwood Smith and Tommy Chong, with the exception of the first episode of season 8, when Chong sings the last "We're all alright". Smith looks at the camera frowning and rolls his eyes. Chong looks around the room, confused as he hears "Hello, Wisconsin!" The final episode omits most of the opening sequence and instead only shows the license plate shot.

text: Elements of the show[edit]

text: The 1970s[edit]

text: This section possibly contains original research. Please improve it by verifying the claims made and adding inline citations. Statements consisting only of original research should be removed. (November 2015) (Learn how and when to remove this template message)

text: The show addressed social issues of the 1970s such as sexism, sexual attitudes, generational conflict, the economic hardships of the 1970s recession, mistrust of the American government by blue-collar workers and teenage drug use, including underage drinking. The series also highlighted developments in the entertainment industry, including the television remote ("the clicker"), reruns, VCR, and cable TV; the video games Pong and Space Invaders; the cassette tape and Disco; MAD magazine; and Eric's obsession with Star Wars.[12] The show has been compared to Happy Days, which was similarly set 20 years before the time in which it aired.[13]

text: Beginning with the second season, the show focused less on the sociopolitical aspects of the story. For example, the dynamic of the relationship between Eric and Donna was altered in later seasons to more closely resemble the relationships of other "power couples" on teen dramas. Likewise, the first season of the show featured a recurring, more dramatic storyline in which the Formans were in danger of losing their home due to Red's hours being cut back at the auto parts plant where he worked. Storylines in later seasons were generally presented more comically and less dramatically.

text: The show also featured guest-starring actors from 1970s TV shows, such as Mary Tyler Moore, Valerie Harper and Betty White (The Mary Tyler Moore Show), Tom Poston and Jack Riley (The Bob Newhart Show), Pamela Sue Martin (The Hardy Boys/Nancy Drew Mysteries), Tim Reid and Howard Hesseman (WKRP in Cincinnati), Eve Plumb, Barry Williams and Christopher Knight (The Brady Bunch), Tom Bosley and Marion Ross (Happy Days), Monty Hall (Let's Make A Deal), Gavin MacLeod (The Love Boat and The Mary Tyler Moore Show), Don Knotts, Richard Kline and Jenilee Harrison (Three's Company), and Danny Bonaduce and Shirley Jones (The Partridge Family). Series recurring cast member Tanya Roberts also starred in a popular show in the 1970s (Charlie's Angels).

text: Beginning with season 5, each episode in the series is named after a song by a rock band that was famous in the 1970s: Led Zeppelin (season 5), The Who (Season 6), The Rolling Stones (season 7), and Queen (season 8, except for the finale, titled "That '70s Finale").[14]

text: Split screens[edit]

text: One device in the show is to present a split screen in which two pairs of characters speak. One character is usually seeking advice on a problem with a character in the second pairing and the other character advises them. Although the conversations appear to mirror each other, notable differences often occur. It is most often used by the couples of the show, with each member of the couple being advised on the relationship. For example, in the episode "Who Wants It More?", Donna and Eric tell Jackie and Hyde that they have been holding out on each other sexually for three days and that maybe they should cave. Both Jackie and Hyde tell Donna and Eric not to cave or the "caver" will be owned by the other.

text: Dream sequences[edit]

text: The show includes character daydream sequences, some of which refer to or parody fads and films of the time, such as Star Wars, Rocky, and Grease.

text: The character picturing the dream sometimes also narrates it, but regardless, the other characters present see the same dream. In the episode "Stone Cold Crazy", Jackie mentioned she liked the song playing in Fez's dream sequence. The sequences are usually introduced by a wobbling screen transition. Sometimes, the transition is absent when the characters who imagine the scene believe they are real (for example, Eric's dream about Donna in "Eric's Birthday" or Jackie's dream about Hyde proposing in "It's All Over Now").

text: In the 100th episode, "That '70s Musical", all singing scenes were Fez's dream sequences.

text: The circle[edit]

text: In the circle, a group of characters, usually the teenagers, sit in a circle (generally in Eric's basement, though occasionally elsewhere), as the camera pans, stopping at each character as he or she speaks. It was usually apparent that the characters are under the influence of marijuana. Thick clouds of smoke, frequent coughing and an extreme wide-angle lens added to the "drug-induced" feel, although the audience never saw anyone actually smoking the drug. Also, no visible drug-related paraphernalia were seen, such as bongs or joint papers. Characters never spoke the word "marijuana" while in the circle (except in one episode "Reefer Madness"), often referring to it as "stuff" or a "stash". In the episode "Bye-Bye Basement", Theo (Leo's cousin) refers to "weed"; in "The Relapse", Kelso tells Fez that the concrete wall behind the gym is used mostly for "smoking weed and beating up freshmen;" in "Ski Trip" Kitty asks Eric why he is taking so much oregano to Jackie's ski lodge; in "Eric's Burger Job", Kelso blames his "roach clip" when the water bed pops on which he is sitting at a party; in two episodes ("That Wrestling Show" and "Hyde Moves In") Eric and Hyde can be seen wearing shirts with the words "Cannabis Sativa" written on a Campbell's soup can; and in "The Pill" Red, referring to Kelso, exclaims, "That kid's on dope!" A gimmick related to the circle and the marijuana smoking was Eric watching the kitchen wall moving erratically, although this technique was also used to show that Eric was drunk.

text: As the series progressed, the circle became one of the series' recurring features. The only four episodes where the whole gang is in the circle are "Class Picture", "I'm A Boy", "Substitute", and in the series finale. During the eighth and final season, the circle replaced the Vista Cruiser as the setting of the opening credits.

text: The stupid helmet[edit]

text: The stupid helmet refers to a replica of a Green Bay Packers helmet that a character is forced to wear after having done or said something deemed stupid by the rest of the gang. Eric had to wear it when he said he wanted to propose to Donna and Fez wore it when he started banging his head on the table after trying to help Kelso keep Jackie. The helmet can be seen in the Forman basement on a shelf behind the cast. When the series concluded in 2006, the last one up the staircase had to call Red a "dumbass", something he always called the kids. Since Kelso was the last one up, he grabbed the helmet.

text: The water tower[edit]

text: In many episodes, the teenaged characters often hang out on a local water tower. At the end of several water tower segments, at least one character falls off (usually Kelso). When Charlie Richardson (played by Bret Harrison) fell off and died in season 8, the water tower was renamed in his honor.

text: After Charlie's death, Kelso fell off again, but survived, leading him to believe he was "invincible". In the "Water Tower episode", the gang painted a marijuana leaf on the tower, but it looked more like a green hand giving the finger. In the episode "The Immigrant Song (a.k.a. Fez Gets Busted)" Kelso paints Jackie and his names on the tower to annoy Hyde just before falling and ending up in the hospital. During this episode, Fez paints his manhood on the tower but only gets as far as drawing a circle when the police arrive to arrest him. Kelso was known to fall off the water tower once in every grade since middle school. Jackie and Fez share their first official kiss on the tower in the show's finale.

text: Scene transitions[edit]

text: In the first season, scene transitions (also known as bumpers) consisted of animated smiley buttons[15] or still images of faces from the 1970s with only the mouth moving using Syncro-Vox, usually yelling, in a rock form, "Yeahhh!" or something similar (ex. Farrah Fawcett saying "Yeah!" or Richard Nixon saying "Are you ready to rock and roll?") The smiley buttons were removed for re-runs and home video, replaced with flowers likewise exploding, replicating, deflating or bouncing around. Sometimes they would be visuals of lava lamps with the show's logo plummeting to the bottom of the screen in front of it.

text: Beginning in season 2, transitions featured the characters doing something in front of a colorful, psychedelic, lava lamp-like background. These transitions featured the most prominent characters of the episode usually dancing, falling or making facial expressions. The music accompanying these colorful sequences would match the tone of the episode and characters.

text: By the show's final season, new transitions were created to accommodate cast changes (e.g. Donna's hair color, Leo continuing as a series regular and the insertion of Randy).

text: "Nobody's Fault But Mine (2)" is the only episode where Laurie Forman is featured in a transition. Tanya Roberts is the only regular actor not to be featured in a transition.

text: The Vista Cruiser[edit]

text: Many of the show's episodes featured Eric and the rest of the kids in or around Eric's "Aztec Gold" 1969 Oldsmobile Vista Cruiser, handed down to Eric by Red. For the first seven seasons of the show, the show's introduction showed the cast inside the Vista Cruiser.

text: The show's pronunciation of "Vista Cruiser", with emphasis on "Cruiser" conflicted with the pronunciation of author George Plimpton in the Oldsmobile television advertisement for the 1969 Vista Cruiser, where he pronounced the two words with the emphasis on "Vista".[16]

text: That particular station wagon was bought by Wilmer Valderrama at the show's conclusion from Carsey-Werner for US$500.[17]

text: In August 2009, the show's Vista Cruiser was named third-greatest television car ever by MSN Autos.[18]

text: Running gags and catchphrases[edit]

text: This section possibly contains original research. Please improve it by verifying the claims made and adding inline citations. Statements consisting only of original research should be removed. (August 2017) (Learn how and when to remove this template message)

text: In one of the show's major running gags, Red often threatens to punish Eric with many variations of catchphrase, "kicking your ass". For example, in "Kitty and Eric's Night Out", Red mistakenly thinks Eric offended Kitty, so Red says, "I swear I'll kick his ass!" In "Eric's Hot Cousin", Eric tries to get out of something by claiming he's sleepwalking and Red says, "And I'm about to be sleep-kicking your ass", and, in "Prank Day", when Red gets covered in oatmeal, Eric tries to explain that it was just a prank that had gone "horribly, horribly wrong" Red says, "Well, I have a prank, too. One where my foot doesn't plow through your ass. Let's hope it doesn't go horribly, horribly wrong!" Several of the running gags were shown in edited clips for the series finale.

text: Some other notable running gags and catchphrases are:

text:
Red's favorite insult is "dumbass", the origin of which is revealed in "Halloween". Ironically, Eric is the first character to say "dumbass" in "Eric's Burger Job" (season 1 episode 5). The insult is adopted by the whole gang and even occasionally by Kitty. Red regularly comes up with new choice insults such as "kettlehead" (which refers to Kelso).
Fez's country of origin is never revealed. Sometimes, Fez is about to disclose where he is from, or at least hint at it, but something happens to prevent him from doing so, like someone entering the room as seen in "Stolen Car", or Fez rambling in "Love of My Life".[19]
Fez's real name was also never revealed. Even Fez stood for FES, Foreign Exchange Student.[20][21] Red often calls Fez by some exotic foreign name when he is speaking directly to him.
Someone, usually Kelso, falls off the Water Tower.[22]
The word "burn", a term used by a character after something bad or offensive happens at another character's expense, although it is more often used by Kelso. According to Kelso in "Dine and Dash", a good burn consists of two elements: "You didn't see it coming; parts of it really hurt."
Hyde would usually give Kelso a punch in the arm for either his stupidity or bad behavior.
Kelso yells "Ow, my eye!" when Hyde rough-houses with him. For example, in the episode "Class Picture", a series of flashbacks feature Hyde beating up Kelso. While the two are out of the immediate sight of the audience, Kelso yells, "Ow, my eye!" and the scene cuts to the next flashback. This gag is repeated several times throughout the series, although the only time Kelso appears with an injured eye is in "Jackie's Cheese Squeeze" after he was punched by Todd, Jackie's manager. On that occasion, Kelso did not yell, "Ow, my eye!"[23]
Fez uses the phrase "Good day", followed by another cast member saying, "But Fez..." and Fez immediately interrupts with an exclamatory, "I said good day!" In some instances, the words vary, but the interaction is the same.
Eric has a never-ending streak of quoting Star Wars. In several episodes, he relates things to Star Wars, or quotes the film. In times of trouble, he brings a toy light saber and his going-away present from Donna was her dressing up as Princess Leia.
Everyone who calls Eric's action figures "dolls" is always loudly corrected by Eric: "They're action figures!"
Kitty often uses alcohol or her use is mentioned, particularly after she starts menopause during the fifth season.
Fez's sex life or usually lack thereof. Often Fez accidentally reveals some perverse behavior he performed, like hiding in Donna's room.[24]
The best thing to do or the best solution can be found by "The Circle".[25]
Eric's attempted "secret" money stash locations are known by everyone.[26][27]
Guest stars from 1970s sitcoms would often have an inside joke referring to their earlier series.

text: British remake[edit]

text: In 1999, the show was remade by the ITV network in the United Kingdom as Days Like These using almost verbatim scripts with minor changes to cultural references.[28]

text: Merchandise[edit]

text: Home media[edit]

text: That '70s Show was released on DVD in Regions 1, 2 and 4 by Fox Home Entertainment at an increment of two seasons per year between 2004 and 2008 and a complete series release on October 14, 2008. Mill Creek Entertainment released all eight seasons between 2011 and '13 and released a complete series set on May 14, 2013. On March 6, 2012, Mill Creek released the first season on Blu-ray and season two on October 16, 2012. On November 3, 2015, Mill Creek Entertainment released That '70s Show The Complete Series on Blu-ray 1080p with 5.1 DTS-HD Master Audio and 1.78:1 widescreen aspect ratio.[29]

text: Soundtracks[edit]

text: Several prominent songs from the decade can be heard on the series, and two soundtracks were released in 1999. The first is a collection of funk, soul, and disco, called That '70s Album (Jammin'). The second is a collection of album-oriented rock songs, called That '70s Album (Rockin'). AllMusic gave both albums 3 out of 5 stars in their reviews.[30][31]

text: Reception[edit]

text: American ratings[edit]

text: Over the course of its run, the series was a consistent performer for Fox, becoming one of their flagship shows. Its eight seasons, consisting of 200 episodes, made it Fox's second-longest-running live-action sitcom ever behind Married... with Children, though That '70s Show did not have the same ratings success.

text:
Season
Episodes
Timeslot
Premiere
Season finale
Rank
Viewers
(in millions)

1
1998–99
25
Sunday 8:30
August 23, 1998
July 26, 1999
49[32]
11.7

2
1999–2000
26
Tuesday 8:30
September 28, 1999
May 22, 2000
86[33]
9.0

3
2000–01
25
Tuesday 8:00
October 3, 2000
May 22, 2001
65[34]
10.8

4
2001–02
27
September 25, 2001
May 21, 2002
67[35]
9.1

5
2002–03
25
Tuesday 8:00 (2002)
Wednesday 8:00 (2003)
September 17, 2002
May 14, 2003
52[36]
10.4

6
2003–04
25
Wednesday 8:00
October 29, 2003
May 19, 2004
49[37]
10.0

7
2004–05
25
September 8, 2004
May 18, 2005
85[38]
7.0

8
2005–06
22
Wednesday 8:00 (2005)
Thursday 8:00 (2006)
November 2, 2005
May 18, 2006
103[39]
5.8

text: Awards[edit]

text: Over the course of its run, the series was nominated for a substantial number of awards, including 16 Primetime Emmy Awards. The only win for the series at this event came in 1999, when Melina Root was awarded the Emmy for Outstanding Costume Design for a Series for "That Disco Episode". Additionally, the show was nominated for a large number of Teen Choice Awards, with both Ashton Kutcher and Wilmer Valderrama winning on three occasions.


document_title: List of best-selling girl groups

question_text: who is the biggest selling female group of all time

text: List of best-selling girl groups

text: Best-selling girl groups worldwide[edit]

text: Some of this section's listed sources may not be reliable. Please help this article by looking for better, more reliable sources. Unreliable citations may be challenged or deleted. (August 2017) (Learn how and when to remove this template message)

text: Groups with claimed total record sales of more than 20 million.

text:
Artist
Nationality
Number of members
Period active
Genre
Studio albums
Claimed sales

Spice Girls
United Kingdom
5 → 4 → 5
1994–2000, 2007–2008 (8 years)
Pop
3
85 million[1][2]

The Andrews Sisters
United States
3
1925–1952, 1954–1967 (38 years)

Traditional pop
Swing music

12
75 million[3]

TLC
United States
3 → 2
1991–present (26 years)

R&B
Hip-hop

5
70 million[4]

Destiny's Child
United States
4 → 3
1997–2006 (9 years)
R&B
5
60 million[5]

Pussycat Dolls
United States
6 → 5
2003–2010 (7 years)

Pop
R&B

2
54 million[6]

AKB48
Japan
Rotational
2005–present (12 years)
J-pop
8
51.3 million[7]

Bananarama
United Kingdom
3 → 2 → 3
1979–present (38 years)
Pop
10
40 million[8][9]

The Pointer Sisters
United States
2 → 3 → 4 → 3 → 4
1969–present (48 years)

R&B
Soul
Pop

16
40 million[10]

Little Mix
United Kingdom
4
2011–present (6 years)
Pop
4
30 million[11][12]

The Supremes
United States
3
1959–1977 (18 years)
Pop
29
20+ million[13][14]

text: Notes:

text: Accurate total sales of the Supremes records are unknown – estimates range from 20 million records up to 100 million records.[15]

text: Best-selling girl group singles[edit]

text: Worldwide[edit]

text: It is extremely difficult to obtain worldwide sales figures for singles due to the lack of verifiable sales reporting in many countries. The best-selling single of all time by a female group is thought to be the 1996 hit "Wannabe" by British group Spice Girls, with estimated sales of 8 million copies worldwide.[16]

text: Other best-selling singles worldwide by girl groups include "The Ketchup Song (Aserejé)" by Las Ketchup (7 million[17]), and "Don't Cha" by the Pussycat Dolls (6 million).[18]

text: Australia[edit]

text: Singles certified platinum or more by the Australian Recording Industry Association (ARIA). Only includes certifications since 1989, when ARIA took over compiling the Australian charts. From November 2014 onwards paid-for audio streams were included in the Australian singles chart and counted towards sales and certifications.

text: Certifications based on sales only

text:
Released
Single
Group
Certification

2012
"I Love It"[19]
Icona Pop featuring Charli XCX
5× Platinum

2002
"The Ketchup Song (Aserejé)"[20]
Las Ketchup
3× Platinum

2012
"Wings"[19]
Little Mix

1996
"Wannabe"[21]
Spice Girls
2× Platinum

1997
"Never Ever"[22]
All Saints

2000
"Say My Name"[23]
Destiny's Child

"Poison"[23]
Bardot

"Independent Women"[24]
Destiny's Child

2001
"Whole Again"[24]
Atomic Kitten

2005
"Don't Cha"[25]
The Pussycat Dolls

2013
"Change Your Life"[19]
Little Mix

text: Certifications based on sales + on-demand digital streaming

text:
Released
Single
Group
Certification

2016
"Work from Home"[26]
Fifth Harmony featuring Ty Dolla Sign
5× Platinum

2014
"Ugly Heart"[27]
G.R.L.
4× Platinum

2014
"You Ruin Me"[27]
The Veronicas
3× Platinum

2015
"Worth It"[26]
Fifth Harmony featuring Kid Ink
2× Platinum

"Black Magic"[26]
Little Mix

2016
"Secret Love Song"[26]
Little Mix featuring Jason Derulo

"Hair"[28]
Little Mix featuring Sean Paul

"Shout Out to My Ex"[29]
Little Mix

2014
"If You Love Someone"[30]
The Veronicas
Platinum

2016
"In My Blood"[26]
The Veronicas

text: France[edit]

text: The biggest-selling single in France by a girl group is believed to be "The Ketchup Song (Aserejé)" by Spanish girl group Las Ketchup, with estimated sales of 1,750,000.[31]

text: Singles certified diamond (750,000 sales) based on sales only

text:
Released
Single
Group

1996
"Wannabe"[32]
Spice Girls

2001
"Toutes les femmes de ta vie"[33]
L5

2002
"The Ketchup Song (Aserejé)"[34]
Las Ketchup

text: Singles certified gold (250,000 sales) based on sales only

text:
Released
Single
Group

1996
"Say You'll Be There"[32]
Spice Girls

"2 Become 1"[32]

1997
"I Wanna Be the Only One"[35]
Eternal featuring BeBe Winans

"Who Do You Think You Are"[32]
Spice Girls

"Spice Up Your Life"[32]

"Too Much"[32]

1998
"Stop"[32]

"Viva Forever"[32]

1999
"No Scrubs"[36]
TLC

2000
"Pure Shores"[37]
All Saints

text:
Released
Single
Group
Certification[38]
Sales + streaming
(Based on certifications)

2016
"Work from Home"
Fifth Harmony featuring Ty Dolla Sign
Diamond
250,000

text: Germany[edit]

text: Certifications based on sales only

text:
Released
Single
Group
Certification[39]
Sales
(Based on
certifications)

2002
"The Ketchup Song (Aserejé)"
Las Ketchup
2× Platinum
1,000,000

2001
"Whole Again"
Atomic Kitten
Platinum
500,000

"Daylight in Your Eyes"
No Angels

2006
"Shame"
Monrose
3× Gold
450,000

1977
"Yes Sir, I Can Boogie"
Baccara
Gold
250,000

1996
"Waterfalls"
TLC

"Wannabe"
Spice Girls

1997
"Who Do You Think You Are"/"Mama"
Spice Girls

1998
"Viva Forever"

text:
Released
Single
Group
Certification[39]
Sales + streaming
(Based on certifications)

2016
"Work from Home"
Fifth Harmony featuring Ty Dolla Sign
Platinum
400,000

text:
Note: Certification levels in Germany have changed several times over the years – the certification level for a gold single was 250,000 until the end of 2002, 150,000 between 2003 and mid-2014, and 200,000 from mid-2014 onwards. These different levels are reflected in the table above.
From January 2014 onwards, paid-for audio streams were included in the German singles chart and counted towards sales and certifications.[40]

text: Japan[edit]

text:
Released
Single
Group
Detailed Sales
Total Sales

Physical
Downloads
Ringtones

2010
"Heavy Rotation"
AKB48
880,761[41]
1,500,000[42]
750,000[43]
3,130,761

2011
"Flying Get"
AKB48
1,625,849[44]
1,000,000[45]

2,625,849

2011
"Everyday, Katyusha"
AKB48
1,608,299[46]
1,000,000[45]

2,608,299

2009
"Mister"
KARA
144,856[41]
1,250,000[47][48]
1,000,000[49]
2,394,856

2013
"Koi Suru Fortune Cookie"
AKB48
1,533,955[50]
750,000[51]

2,283,955

2012
"Manatsu no Sounds Good"
AKB48
1,822,220[52]
250,000[45]

2,072,220

2013
"Sayonara Crawl"
AKB48
1,955,800[53]
100,000[45]

2,055,800

2010
"Beginner"
AKB48
1,039,352[54]
1,000,000[45]

2,039,352

2011
"Kaze wa Fuiteiru"
AKB48
1,457,113[55]
500,000[45]

1,957,113

2010
"Gee"
Girls' Generation
206,346[56]
1,250,000[45][57]
500,000[42]
1,956,346

text: New Zealand[edit]

text: Singles certified platinum or more by Recorded Music NZ. Since November 2014 certifications for singles have included streaming, and therefore cannot be compared to certifications from before this date.

text: Certifications based on sales only

text:
Released
Single
Group
Certification

2001
"Whole Again"[58]
Atomic Kitten
2× Platinum

2002
"The Ketchup Song (Aserejé)"[59]
Las Ketchup

1995
"Waterfalls"[60]
TLC
Platinum

1996
"Wannabe"[61]
Spice Girls

"Say You'll Be There"[62]

1997
"I Wanna Be the Only One"[63]
Eternal featuring BeBe Winans

"Spice Up Your Life"[64]
Spice Girls

1998
"Viva Forever"[65]

"Rollercoaster"[66]
B*witched

"Goodbye"[66]
Spice Girls

text:
Released
Single
Group
Certification

2016
"Work from Home"[67]
Fifth Harmony featuring Ty Dolla Sign
2× Platinum

2016
"Secret Love Song"[68]
Little Mix featuring Jason Derulo
Platinum

text: South Korea[edit]

text:
Released
Single
Group
Sales

2011
"Roly-Poly"
T-ara
4,826,000+[69]

2009
"I Don't Care"
2NE1
4,500,000[70]

2011
"Be My Baby"
Wonder Girls
4,168,000+[71]

2011
"So Cool"
SISTAR
4,007,555+[72]

2009
"Because of You"
After School
4,000,000+ [73]

2011
"Don't Say Goodbye"
Davichi
3,928,000[74]

2012
"Lovey-Dovey"
T-ara
3,759,000[75]

2011
"Cry Cry"
T-ara
3,756,000[76]

2011
"I Am the Best"
2NE1
3,700,000[77][78]

2011
"The Boys"
Girls' Generation
3,623,000[79]

text: Sweden[edit]

text: There were few certifications awarded in Sweden before 1996, so singles before this date are not represented in this list. There have been three different certification levels since 1996: from 1996 to June 2003 the gold/platinum levels for singles were 15,000/30,000, from July 2003 to September 2010 the levels were 10,000/20,000, and from October 2010 onwards, when streaming was included in the certification levels, the levels have been 20,000/40,000. The tables below reflect these changes in certification levels.

text: Certifications based on sales only

text:
Released
Single
Group
Certification[80]
Sales
(Based on
certifications)

2002
"The Ketchup Song (Aserejé)"[81]
Las Ketchup
4× Platinum
120,000

1998
"Spice Up Your Life"[82]
Spice Girls
Platinum
30,000

1999
"Unpretty"[83]
TLC

2001
"Need to Know (Eenie Meenie Miny Moe)"[84]
Excellence

2002
"All the Things She Said"[85]
t.A.T.u.

"Never Let It Go"[85]
Afro-dite

2005
"Push the Button"[86]
Sugababes
20,000

text:
Released
Single
Group
Certification[80]
Sales + streaming
(Based on certifications)

2016
"Work from Home"
Fifth Harmony featuring Ty Dolla Sign
4× Platinum
160,000

2015
'Emergency"
Icona Pop
2× Platinum
80,000

2012
"I Love It"
Icona Pop featuring Charli XCX
Platinum
40,000

2014
"Sledgehammer"
Fifth Harmony

2015
"Worth It"
Fifth Harmony featuring Kid Ink

text: Switzerland[edit]

text:
Released
Single
Group
Sales

2002
"All The Things She Said"
t.A.T.u [87]
40,000

1996
"Wannabe"
Spice Girls [88]
25,000

1998
"Viva Forever"
Spice Girls [88]
25,000

2001
"Never Ever"
All Saints [89]
25,000

2001
"Whole Again"
Atomic Kitten [90]
20,000

2004
"Lose My Breath"
Destiny's Child [91]
20,000

2005
"Don't Cha"
Pussycat Dolls [92]
20,000

text: United Kingdom[edit]

text: Since July 2014, certifications have included paid-for audio streams so they cannot be compared to sales-only certifications before this date.

text: Physical and digital sales only (before July 2014)

text:
Released
Single
Group
Sales

1996
"Wannabe"
Spice Girls
1,385,211[93]

1997
"Never Ever"
All Saints
1,363,504[93]

1996
"2 Become 1"
Spice Girls
1,140,000[94]

2001
"Whole Again"
Atomic Kitten
1,021,465[93]

1996
"Say You'll Be There"
Spice Girls
961,000[95]

1998
"C'est la Vie"
B*Witched
925,000[96]

1998
"Goodbye"
Spice Girls
884,000[97]

1997
"Spice Up Your Life"
850,434[citation needed]

2000
"Pure Shores"
All Saints
815,000[98]

1997
"Mama"/"Who Do You Think You Are"
Spice Girls
732,000[99]

text: Physical and digital sales + on-demand digital streaming (after July 2014)

text:
Released
Single
Group
Units

2016
"Work from Home"
Fifth Harmony featuring Ty Dolla Sign
1,209,902[93]

2015
"Black Magic"
Little Mix
1,114,114[93]

2016
"Shout Out to My Ex"
1,070,835[93]

2012
"Wings"
600,000[100]

2016
"Secret Love Song"
Little Mix featuring Jason Derulo

2017
"Touch"
Little Mix

text: United States[edit]

text: Sales figures of records in the US were not tracked accurately until May 1991, when Nielsen SoundScan started recording sales of singles and albums electronically at point of sale, rather than relying on figures provided to them by record store staff.[101] As a result there are no reliable sales figures available before this date, and therefore it is not possible to rank the best-selling singles by girl groups in the US in sales order.

text: Since 2013 certifications have included legal on-demand digital streams – separate figures for the pure sales component of singles released after 2013 are not available so they cannot be compared to sales-only certifications before this date.

text: Certifications based on sales only

text: RIAA sales certifications began in the US in 1958 – there are very few records with certifications before this date. Until 1988 a million-seller received a gold certification (and a two million-seller received a platinum certification). From 1989 onwards the levels were revised so that a million-seller received a platinum certification instead, with multi-platinum awards for multiple million sales.[102][103] However, these pre- and post-1989 certification levels are not currently reflected in the RIAA database.

text: The following singles have been certified by RIAA as selling one million copies or more in the US.

text:
Released
Single
Group
Sales (where known)

1961
"Please Mr. Postman"[104]
The Marvelettes

1964
"Dancing in the Street"[105][106]
Martha and the Vandellas

"Baby Love"[107][108]
The Supremes

1965
"Stop! In the Name of Love"[107][108]

"Don't Mess with Bill"[104]
The Marvelettes

1969
"Someday We'll Be Together"[108][109]
Diana Ross and the Supremes

1974
"When Will I See You Again"[110][111]
The Three Degrees
2,000,000[112]

1975
"Lady Marmalade"[113][114]
Labelle

"Fly, Robin, Fly"[115][116]
Silver Convention

1976
"Get Up and Boogie"[115][116]

1977
"Best of My Love"[117][118]
The Emotions
1,800,000[119]

"Angel in Your Arms"[120]
Hot

1979
"You Gonna Make Me Love Somebody Else"[121]
The Jones Girls

"We Are Family"[122][123]
Sister Sledge

"Fire"[124][125]
The Pointer Sisters

1980
"Sukiyaki"[126]
A Taste of Honey

"He's So Shy"[124]
The Pointer Sisters

1981
"Slow Hand"[124][125]

1982
"We Got the Beat"[127]
The Go-Go's

1986
"Walk Like an Egyptian"[128][129]
The Bangles

1987
"Push It"[130][131]
Salt-n-Pepa

1989
"Expression"[130][131]

1990
"Hold On"[118][132]
En Vogue

1992
"Ain't 2 Proud 2 Beg"[133][134]
TLC

"Baby-Baby-Baby"[133][134]

1993
"Weak"[135][136]
SWV

"Just Kickin' It"[137][138]
Xscape

"Whatta Man"[130][131]
Salt-n-Pepa with En Vogue

1994
"Stroke You Up"[139][140]
Changing Faces

1995
"Creep"[133][134]
TLC
1,400,000[141][142]

"Waterfalls"[133][134]
1,200,000[142]

1996
"Wannabe"[143][144]
Spice Girls
2,910,000[145]

1997
"Don't Let Go (Love)"[118][132]
En Vogue
1,300,000[146][147]

"G.H.E.T.T.O.U.T."[139][148]
Changing Faces
1,200,000[147]

1998
"No, No, No"[149][150]
Destiny's Child
1,300,000[151]

"Lately"[152][153]
Divine
1,100,000[151]

2004
"Soldier"[149]
Destiny's Child

2005
"Don't Cha"[154]
The Pussycat Dolls featuring Busta Rhymes

"Stickwitu"[154]
The Pussycat Dolls

2006
"Buttons"[154]
The Pussycat Dolls featuring Snoop Dogg

"Cater 2 U"[149]
Destiny's Child

2008
"Damaged"[155]
Danity Kane

"I Hate This Part"[154]
The Pussycat Dolls

text: In addition, the following singles have been stated as selling one million copies or more in the US – however, they have not been certified by the RIAA.

text:
Released
Single
Group

1954
"Mr. Sandman"[156]
The Chordettes

1958
"Lollipop"[156]

1961
"Will You Love Me Tomorrow"[157]
The Shirelles

1962
"Soldier Boy"[157]

"He's a Rebel"[158]
The Crystals

1963
"He's So Fine"[159]
The Chiffons

"Da Doo Ron Ron"[158]
The Crystals

"My Boyfriend's Back"[160]
The Angels

"Be My Baby"[161]
The Ronettes

1964
"Chapel of Love"[153]
The Dixie Cups

"Where Did Our Love Go"[107]
The Supremes

"Come See About Me"[107]

"Leader of the Pack"[162]
The Shangri-Las

1965
"Back in My Arms Again"[107]
The Supremes

"I Hear a Symphony"[107]

"A Lover's Concerto"[163]
The Toys

1966
"You Can't Hurry Love"[107]
The Supremes

"You Keep Me Hangin' On"[107]

1967
"Love Is Here and Now You're Gone"[107]

"The Happening"[107]

"Reflections"[109]
Diana Ross and the Supremes

1968
"Love Child"[109]

1971
"Stoned Love"[109]
The Supremes

text:
Released
Single
Group
Certification

2012
"I Love It"
Icona Pop featuring Charli XCX
4× Platinum[164]

2014
"Boss"
Fifth Harmony
Platinum[165]

"Sledgehammer"

2015
"Worth It"
Fifth Harmony featuring Kid Ink
3× Platinum[165]

2016
"Work from Home"
Fifth Harmony featuring Ty Dolla Sign
5× Platinum[165]

"All in My Head (Flex)"
Fifth Harmony featuring Fetty Wap
Platinum[165]

text: Best-selling girl group albums[edit]

text: Worldwide[edit]

text:
Released
Album
Artist
Sales

1996
Spice
Spice Girls
31 million[166][167]

1994
CrazySexyCool
TLC
23 million[168]

1997
Spiceworld
Spice Girls
20 million[169]

1999
The Writing's on the Wall
Destiny's Child
15 million[170]

1999
FanMail
TLC
14 million[168]

2001
Survivor
Destiny's Child
12 million[170]

1990
Wilson Phillips
Wilson Phillips
11 million[171]

2005
PCD
Pussycat Dolls
9 million[172]

1993
Very Necessary
Salt-n-Pepa
7 million [173]

2004
Destiny Fulfilled
Destiny's Child
7 million[citation needed]

text: Australia[edit]

text: Albums certified platinum or more by ARIA.[174] Only includes certifications since 1997.

text:
Released
Album
Group
Certification

1996
Spice
Spice Girls
6× Platinum

1997
Spiceworld

2005
The Secret Life of...
The Veronicas
4× Platinum

1999
The Writing's on the Wall
Destiny's Child
3× Platinum

2005
PCD
The Pussycat Dolls

1998
B*Witched
B*Witched
2× Platinum

All Saints
All Saints

2000
Bardot
Bardot

2006
Young Divas
Young Divas

2007
Hook Me Up
The Veronicas

text: Brazil[edit]

text: Certifications according to ABPD.[175] Some of the certification thresholds have changed depending on the amount of sales sold. Check the ABPD for more certifications.

text:
Released
Album
Group
Certification
Sales
(Based on
certifications)

2002
Rouge
Rouge
2× Platinum
2,000,000

2003
C'est La Vie
Platinum
900,000

1996
Spice
Spice Girls
2× Platinum
500,000

1997
Spiceworld
Platinum
250,000

2004
Blá Blá Blá
Rouge
Gold
135,000

2015
Reflection
Fifth Harmony
3× Platinum
120,000

2016
7/27[176]

2000
Forever
Spice Girls
Gold
100,000

2001
Survivor
Destiny's Child
50,000

2006
Live from London
The Pussycat Dolls
25,000

text: Canada[edit]

text: Certifications according to Music Canada.

text:
Released
Album
Group
Certification

1996
Spice[177]
Spice Girls
Diamond

1997
Spiceworld[177]

1994
CrazySexyCool[178]
TLC
8× Platinum

1990
Wilson Phillips[179]
Wilson Phillips
7× Platinum

1999
The Writing's on the Wall[180]
Destiny's Child
5× Platinum

1983
Break Out[181]
Pointer Sisters
4× Platinum

1993
Very Necessary[182]
Salt-n-Pepa

1999
FanMail[178]
TLC

2001
Survivor[180]
Destiny's Child

1997
All Saints[183]
All Saints
3× Platinum

text: Europe[edit]

text: Albums certified platinum or more for more than one million sales in Europe, according to the International Federation of the Phonographic Industry.

text: Note: the IFPI Europe Platinum Award was only created in 1996, therefore there are few albums on this list from before that date. No awards are publicly available after 2014.

text:
Released
Album
Group
Certification
Sales
(Based on
certifications)

1996
Spice[184]
Spice Girls
8× Platinum
8,000,000

1997
Spiceworld[185]
5× Platinum
5,000,000

All Saints[185]
All Saints
2× Platinum
2,000,000

1999
The Writing's on the Wall[186]
Destiny's Child

2001
Survivor[186]

2005
PCD[187]
The Pussycat Dolls

1994
CrazySexyCool[188]
TLC
Platinum
1,000,000

1996
Tic Tac Toe[184]
Tic Tac Toe

1997
Klappe die 2te[184]

Greatest Hits[185]
Eternal

text: Germany[edit]

text: Certifications according to the IFPI.[189]

text:
Released
Album
Artist
Certification
Sales
(Based on
certifications)

2001
Elle'ments
No Angels
7× Gold
1,050,000

1996
Spice
Spice Girls
3× Gold
750,000

2002
Now ... Us!
No Angels
2× Platinum
600,000

1997
Spiceworld
Spice Girls
Platinum
500,000

2006
Temptation
Monrose
2× Platinum
400,000

2004
Destiny Fulfilled
Destiny's Child
Platinum
200,000

2001
Survivor
Platinum
300,000

1999
The Writing's on the Wall
Gold
250,000

2005
PCD
Pussycat Dolls
Platinum
200,000

2001
Right Now
Atomic Kitten
Gold
150,000

text: Japan[edit]

text: Sales according to Oricon and Platinum certifications according to the RIAJ.

text:
Released
Album
Group
Sales
Certification

1998
Moment
Speed
2,319,000[190]
Million[191]

2001
Best! Morning Musume 1
Morning Musume
2,260,000[190]
Million[192]

1998
Rise
Speed
2,048,000[190]
Million[191]

2002
200 km/h in the Wrong Lane
t.A.T.u.
2,000,000[193]
Million[191]

1997
Starting Over
Speed
1,926,000[190]
Million[194]

2012
1830m
AKB48
1,051,000[195]
Million[196]

2014
Tsugi no Ashiato
1,001,000[197]
Million[198]

2011
Girls' Generation
Girls' Generation
871,497[199][200]
Million[196]

2000
3rd: Love Paradise
Morning Musume
863,300[201]
Million[202]

2011
Koko ni Ita Koto
AKB48
829,645[199]
Million[203]

text: Netherlands[edit]

text: This section needs additional citations for verification. Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. (July 2016) (Learn how and when to remove this template message)

text: Certifications according to the NVPI.[204]

text:
Released
Album
Group
Certification
Sales
(Based on
certifications)

1996
Spice
Spice Girls
3× Platinum
300,000

1999
The Writing's on the Wall
Destiny's Child
2× Platinum
200,000

2009
MaMaSé!
K3
4× Platinum
200,000

2001
Survivor
Destiny's Child
2× Platinum
160,000

1978
With Luv'
Luv'
Platinum
100,000

1979
Lots Of Luv'

1978
Energy
Pointer Sisters

1997
Spiceworld
Spice Girls

1999
FanMail
TLC

1979
True Luv'
Luv'
Gold
50,000

text: South Korea[edit]

text: Sales according to Gaon Chart and the Recording Industry Association of Korea.

text:
Released
Album
Group
Sales

1968
My Dear
The Pearl Sisters
1,000,000+[205]

1999
Love
S.E.S.
760,475[206]

1998
Sea & Eugene & Shoo
S.E.S.
651,330[207]

1997
I'm Your Girl
S.E.S.
650,000[208]

2000
A Letter from Greenland
S.E.S.
626,565+[209]

1999
White
Fin.K.L
593,816[210]

2011
The Boys
Girls' Generation
464,513[211]

2002
Special Album
Baby V.O.X.
440,000[citation needed]

2000
Now
Fin.K.L
435,518[212]

2010
Oh!
Girls' Generation
418,162[213]

text: Switzerland[edit]

text: Certifications according to the IFPI.[214]

text:
Album
Group
Sales
(Based on
certifications)
Certification
Year

Spice
Spice Girls
100,000
2× Platinum
1996

Spiceworld
1997

Forever
50,000
Platinum
2000

All Saints
All Saints
1997

Elle'ments
No Angels
40,000
2001

Survivor
Destiny's Child

Temptation
Monrose
30,000
2006

The Writing's on the Wall
Destiny's Child
25,000
Gold
1999

FanMail
TLC

Now ... Us!
No Angels
20,000
2002

text: United Kingdom[edit]

text: Albums certified triple platinum or more by the BPI.[100]

text:
Released
Album
Artist
Certification

1996
Spice
Spice Girls
10× Platinum

1997
Spiceworld
5× Platinum

All Saints
All Saints

1993
Always & Forever
Eternal
4× Platinum

2005
PCD
Pussycat Dolls

2006
The Sound of Girls Aloud: The Greatest Hits
Girls Aloud

1997
Greatest Hits
Eternal
3× Platinum

1988
Greatest Hits Collection
Bananarama

1999
The Writing's on the Wall
Destiny's Child

2001
Survivor

2001
Angels With Dirty Faces
Sugababes

text: United States[edit]

text: Albums certified platinum or more by the RIAA. The sales figures shown for the quadruple and triple platinum albums are sales recorded by Nielsen SoundScan plus known sales from BMG's Music Club.[215] These do not represent the total sales of the album in the US as they exclude unknown sales figures from Columbia House and other music clubs.

text:
Released
Album
Group
Certification
Known sales

1994
CrazySexyCool[133]
TLC
11× Platinum
11,200,000[216]

1999
The Writing's on the Wall[149]
Destiny's Child
8× Platinum
8,400,000[216]

1996
Spice[143]
Spice Girls
7× Platinum
7,500,000[217]

1999
FanMail[133]
TLC
6× Platinum
4,700,000[216]

1990
Wilson Phillips[218]
Wilson Phillips
5× Platinum

1993
Very Necessary[219]
Salt-n-Pepa
4,400,000[216]

2001
Survivor[149]
Destiny's Child
4× Platinum
4,739,000[215][220]

2001
Spiceworld[143]
Spice Girls
4,100,000[221]

1992
Ooooooohhh... On the TLC Tip[133]
TLC
2,500,000[222]

1983
Break Out[223]
The Pointer Sisters
3× Platinum

text: Taiwan[edit]

text:
Released
Album
Group
Sales

2003
Super Star (S.H.E album)
S.H.E
300,000+[224]

2002
Genesis (S.H.E album)
S.H.E
300,000+[225]

2003
Together (Best Collection)
S.H.E.
280,000[226]

2002
Youth Society
S.H.E.
280,000+[227]

2004
Magical Journey
S.H.E.
280,000[228]

2004
Encore (S.H.E album)
S.H.E
180,000[229]


document_title: From Russia with Love (soundtrack)

question_text: who sang from russia with love james bond

text: From Russia with Love (soundtrack)

text: Production[edit]

text: Following the decision of the producers not to use Monty Norman, though keeping his "James Bond Theme", Harry Saltzman decided on using the then popular Lionel Bart of Oliver! fame. Bart was unable to read or write music, but he offered to compose the music and lyrics for a title song to the film.

text: The producers chose John Barry to score the film. Barry had not only arranged and conducted the "James Bond Theme" from the previous film, but had already scored some films such as Beat Girl and Never Let Go. Barry's group also charted at No. 13 in the November 1962 UK charts with a different arrangement of the Bond theme from that heard in the film.[1]

text: The title song was sung by Matt Monro. Monro's vocal version is played during the film (as source music on a radio) and properly over the film's end titles. The title credit music is a lively instrumental version of the tune preceded by a brief Barry-composed "James Bond is Back" then segueing into the "James Bond Theme". On the original film soundtrack, Alan Haven played a jazzy organ over the theme but this version was not released on the soundtrack album. The tune also appears in a soft string arrangement as a theme for Tania. In Germany, the original release featured an end title track cover version called Die Wolga ist Weit sung by Ruthe Berlé.[2]

text: Originally planning to use local Turkish music as Norman had used Jamaican music on Dr No, Barry accompanied the film crew to Istanbul, however he found nothing suitable for the film.[3]

text: Recalling his visit to Istanbul, John Barry said, "It was like no place I'd ever been in my life. [The Trip] was supposedly to seep up the music, so Noel Rogers and I used to go 'round to these nightclubs and listen to all this stuff. We had the strangest week, and really came away with nothing, except a lot of ridiculous stories. We went back, talked to Lionel, and then he wrote 'From Russia with Love.'' [4]

text: There are different tracks of Turkish-type music in the film that do not appear on the soundtrack (the track "Leila Dances" is not heard in the film).

text: In this film, Barry introduced the percussive "007" that came to be considered the 'secondary James Bond Theme'.[citation needed] Barry's instrumental group The John Barry Seven had had a UK chart hit with a cover version of Elmer Bernstein's The Magnificent Seven; both that tune and "007" featured seven beats. It is used in various Bond films starring Sean Connery and also in Moonraker, starring Roger Moore. The arrangement appears twice on this soundtrack album; the second version, titled "007 Takes the Lektor", is the one used during the gunfight at the gypsy camp and also during Bond's theft of the Lektor decoding machine (the soundtrack album version is not heard in the film).

text: The completed film features a holdover from Norman's Dr. No music – the post-rocket-launch music from Dr. No (after Bond disrupts Dr. No's attempts to jam the takeoff) appears in From Russia with Love at the conclusion of the helicopter attack, and also at SPECTRE's attempt to intercept Bond's speedboat. This cue is absent from the From Russia with Love soundtrack album. The original Barry arrangement of the "James Bond Theme" for Dr. No was inserted by the producers in the film when Bond searches his room in Istanbul for microphones. Barry did a new arrangement of the theme used when Bond leaves London and flies into Istanbul titled "James Bond with Bongos" that Billy Strange did a cover version of for the US charts.

text: Barry noted that Bart's lyrics used the film's title, but had nothing to do with the film's story, a matter he would rectify when he was assigned the next Bond film, 1964's Goldfinger, which was the first Bond film for which he had total creative control over the soundtrack, including the theme song's music (Leslie Bricusse and Anthony Newley would contribute the theme's lyrics).

text: Barry's "Stalking", the music for the pre-credit sequence, is echoed by composer Marvin Hamlisch in his score for the 1977 Bond film The Spy Who Loved Me.

text: Album and cover versions[edit]

text: The soundtrack's original recordings are thought to be lost and did not appear when the Bond soundtrack albums were issued in remastered form on CD. The album is different from the film with the album's recording of the main titles sounding slower and not featuring the organ played by Alan Haven. Several tracks on the album do not appear in the completed film. The album was the last of the Bond soundtrack albums to feature more than the usual six tracks per record side.

text: The soundtrack album reached No. 28 on the Variety charts in March 1964 with the title song becoming Unart Music's most recorded song.[5] Other cover versions of the "James Bond Theme" were also released to coincide with the film. Barry also released different cover versions of the title song and "007" on his Ember records for the pop charts. The Roland Shaw Orchestra performed cover versions of most of the music of Barry's soundtrack on several albums.

text: Track listing[edit]

text:
"Opening Titles: James Bond Is Back/From Russia with Love/James Bond Theme" (different arrangement from that heard in the film)
"Tania Meets Klebb"
"Meeting in St. Sophia"
"The Golden Horn" *
"Girl Trouble"
"Bond Meets Tania"
"007"
"Gypsy Camp"
"Death of Grant"
"From Russia with Love" – Matt Monro
"Spectre Island"
"Guitar Lament" *
"Man Overboard/SMERSH in Action"
"James Bond with Bongos"[a]
"Stalking"
"Leila Dances" *
"Death of Kerim"
"007 Takes the Lektor"

text: * Not heard in the film

text: Outside the Film[edit]

text: In 1965, KYW-TV in Philadelphia adopted the "007 Takes The Lektor" track as its longtime theme for its Eyewitness News format. It went on to be used in other Group W stations in Boston, Pittsburgh, Baltimore and San Francisco for their newscasts. Two years later, "007 Takes The Lektor" would be recycled for further Bond use, in the autogyro scene in You Only Live Twice.