document_title: Survivor (U.S. TV series)

question_text: where does this season's survivor take place

question_tokens: where does this season 's survivor take place

text: Survivor (U.S. TV series)

text: Format and rules[edit]

text: The first U.S. season of Survivor followed the same general format as the Swedish series. Sixteen or more players, split between two or more "tribes", are taken to a remote isolated location (usually in a tropical climate) and are forced to live off the land with meager supplies for 39 days (42 in The Australian Outback). Frequent physical and mental challenges are used to pit the teams against each other for rewards, such as food or luxuries, or for "immunity", forcing the other tribe to attend "Tribal Council", where they must vote off one of their tribe mates.

text: Once about half the players are remaining, the tribes are merged into a single tribe, and competitions are on an individual basis; winning immunity prevents that player from being voted out. Most players that are voted out at this stage form the game's "jury". Once down to two or three people, a final Tribal Council is held where the remaining players plead their case to the jury members. The jury then votes for which player should be considered the "Sole Survivor" and win the show's grand prize. In all seasons for the United States version, this has included a $1 million prize in addition to the Sole Survivor title; some seasons (particularly earlier seasons) have included additional prizes, such as a car.

text: The U.S. version has introduced numerous modifications, or "twists", on the core rules in order to keep the players on their toes and to prevent players from relying on strategies that succeeded in prior seasons. These changes have included tribal switches, seasons starting with more than two tribes, the ability to exile a player from a tribe for a short time, hidden immunity idols that players can use to save themselves or others at Tribal Council, special voting powers which can be used to influence the result at Tribal Council and a chance to return to regular gameplay after elimination through the "Redemption Island" or "The Outcast Tribe" twists.

text: Series overview[edit]

text: The United States version is produced by Mark Burnett and hosted by Jeff Probst. Each competition is called a season, has a unique name, and lasts from 13 to 16 episodes. The first season was broadcast as a summer replacement show in 2000. Starting with Survivor: Africa, there have been two seasons aired during each U.S. television season.

text: In the first season, there was a 75-person crew. By season 22, the crew had grown to 325 people.[7]

text: A total of 516 contestants have competed on Survivor's 35 seasons.

text:
List of Survivor (U.S.) seasons

No.
Season title
Location
Original tribes
Winner
Runner(s)-up
Final vote

1
Survivor: Borneo
Pulau Tiga, Sabah, Malaysia
Two tribes of eight
Richard Hatch
Kelly Wiglesworth
4–3

2
Survivor: The Australian Outback
Herbert River at Goshen Station, Queensland, Australia
Tina Wesson
Colby Donaldson
4–3

3
Survivor: Africa
Shaba National Reserve, Kenya[8]
Ethan Zohn
Kim Johnson
5–2

4
Survivor: Marquesas
Nuku Hiva, Marquesas Islands, French Polynesia
Vecepia Towery
Neleh Dennis
4–3

5
Survivor: Thailand
Ko Tarutao, Satun Province, Thailand
Two tribes of eight picked by the two oldest players, Jake and Jan
Brian Heidik
Clay Jordan
4–3

6
Survivor: The Amazon
Rio Negro, Amazonas, Brazil
Two tribes of eight divided by gender
Jenna Morasca
Matthew Von Ertfelda
6–1

7
Survivor: Pearl Islands
Pearl Islands, Panama
Two tribes of eight
Sandra Diaz-Twine
Lillian Morris
6–1

8
Survivor: All-Stars
Three tribes of six returning players
Amber Brkich
Rob Mariano
4–3

9
Survivor: Vanuatu
Efate, Shefa, Vanuatu
Two tribes of nine divided by gender
Chris Daugherty
Twila Tanner
5–2

10
Survivor: Palau
Koror, Palau
A schoolyard pick of two tribes of nine; two eliminated without a tribe
Tom Westman
Katie Gallagher
6–1

11
Survivor: Guatemala
Laguna Yaxhá, Yaxhá-Nakúm-Naranjo National Park, Petén, Guatemala
Two tribes of nine, including two returning players
Danni Boatwright
Stephenie LaGrossa
6–1

12
Survivor: Panama
Pearl Islands, Panama
Four tribes of four divided by age and gender
Aras Baskauskas
Danielle DiLorenzo
5–2

13
Survivor: Cook Islands
Aitutaki, Cook Islands
Four tribes of five divided by ethnicity: African Americans, Whites, Hispanics, and Asians
Yul Kwon
Ozzy Lusth
Becky Lee
5–4–0

14
Survivor: Fiji
Macuata, Vanua Levu, Fiji
Two tribes of nine divided by a selected castaway, who would join the tribe who lost the first challenge
Earl Cole
Cassandra Franklin &
Andria "Dreamz" Herd
9–0–0

15
Survivor: China
Zhelin, Jiujiang, Jiangxi, China
Two tribes of eight
Todd Herzog
Courtney Yates
Amanda Kimmel
4–2–1

16
Survivor: Micronesia
Koror, Palau
Two tribes of ten: new players against past contestants
Parvati Shallow
Amanda Kimmel
5–3

17
Survivor: Gabon
Wonga-Wongue Presidential Reserve, Estuaire, Gabon
A schoolyard pick of two tribes of nine, starting with the oldest players, Bob & Gillian
Robert "Bob" Crowley
Susie Smith
Jessica "Sugar" Kiper
4–3–0

18
Survivor: Tocantins
Jalapão, Tocantins, Brazil
Two tribes of eight
James "J.T." Thomas Jr.
Stephen Fishbach
7–0

19
Survivor: Samoa
Upolu, Samoa
Two tribes of ten
Natalie White
Russell Hantz
Mick Trimming
7–2–0

20
Survivor: Heroes vs. Villains
Two tribes of ten returning players, divided by "hero" or "villain" status
Sandra Diaz-Twine
Parvati Shallow
Russell Hantz
6–3–0

21
Survivor: Nicaragua
San Juan del Sur, Rivas, Nicaragua[9]
Two tribes of ten divided by age
Jud "Fabio" Birza
Chase Rice
Matthew "Sash" Lenahan
5–4–0

22
Survivor: Redemption Island
Two tribes of nine, including two returning players
Rob Mariano
Phillip Sheppard
Natalie Tenerelli
8–1–0

23
Survivor: South Pacific
Upolu, Samoa
Sophie Clarke
Benjamin "Coach" Wade
Albert Destrade
6–3–0

24
Survivor: One World
Two tribes of nine divided by gender living on the same beach
Kim Spradlin
Sabrina Thompson
Chelsea Meissner
7–2–0

25
Survivor: Philippines
Caramoan, Camarines Sur, Philippines
Three tribes of six, including three returning players who had been medically evacuated in a previous season
Denise Stapley
Lisa Whelchel &
Michael Skupin
6–1–1

26
Survivor: Caramoan
Two tribes of ten: new players against past contestants
John Cochran
Dawn Meehan &
Sherri Biethman
8–0–0

27
Survivor: Blood vs. Water
Palaui Island, Santa Ana, Cagayan, Philippines[10]
Two tribes of ten: returning contestants against their loved ones[11]
Tyson Apostol
Monica Culpepper
Gervase Peterson
7–1–0

28
Survivor: Cagayan
Three tribes of six divided by primary attribute: "brawn" vs. "brains" vs. "beauty"[12]
Tony Vlachos
Yung "Woo" Hwang
8–1

29
Survivor: San Juan del Sur
San Juan del Sur, Rivas, Nicaragua
Nine pairs of new players, each with a pre-existing relationship, divided onto two tribes of nine[13]
Natalie Anderson
Jaclyn Schultz
Missy Payne
5–2–1

30
Survivor: Worlds Apart
Three tribes of six divided by social class: "white collar" vs. "blue collar" vs. "no collar"[14]
Mike Holloway
Carolyn Rivera &
Will Sims II
6–1–1

31
Survivor: Cambodia
Koh Rong, Cambodia[15]
Two tribes of ten returning players. Players selected by public vote[16]
Jeremy Collins
Spencer Bledsoe &
Tasha Fox
10–0–0

32
Survivor: Kaôh Rōng
Three tribes of six divided by primary attribute: "brains" vs. "brawn" vs. "beauty"[17]
Michele Fitzgerald
Aubry Bracco
Tai Trang
5–2–0

33
Survivor: Millennials vs. Gen X
Mamanuca Islands, Fiji
Two tribes of ten divided by generation: millennials vs. Generation X[18]
Adam Klein
Hannah Shapiro &
Ken McNickle
10–0–0

34
Survivor: Game Changers
Two tribes of ten returning players[19]
Sarah Lacina
Brad Culpepper
Troy "Troyzan" Robertson
7–3–0

35
Survivor: Heroes vs. Healers vs. Hustlers
Three tribes of six divided by dominant perceived trait: "heroes" vs. "healers" vs. "hustlers"[20]
Ben Driebergen
Chrissy Hofbeck
Ryan Ulrich
5-2-1

36
Survivor: Ghost Island[21]
Two tribes of ten
TBA

text: Production[edit]

text: Concept[edit]

text: The original idea of Survivor was developed by Charlie Parsons in 1994 under the name Castaway. Parsons formed Planet24 with Bob Geldof to produce the show and tried to have the BBC broadcast it, but the network turned it down. Parsons went to Swedish television and was able to find a broadcaster, ultimately producing Expedition Robinson in 1997. The show was a success, and plans for international versions were made.[22]

text: Mark Burnett intended to be the person to bring the show to the United States, though he recognized that the Swedish version was a bit crude and mean-spirited. Burnett retooled the concept to use better production values, based on his prior Eco-Challenge show, and wanted to focus more on the human drama experienced while under pressure. Burnett spent about a year trying to find a broadcaster that would take the show, retooling the concept based on feedback. On November 24, 1999, Burnett made his pitch to Les Moonves of CBS, and Moonves agreed to pick up the show.[22] The first season, Survivor: Borneo was filmed during March and April 2000, and was first broadcast on May 31, 2000. The first season became a ratings success, leading to its current ongoing run.[22]

text: Locations[edit]

text: The American version of Survivor has been shot in many locations around the world since the first season, usually favoring warm and tropical climates. Though locations varied across the globe in the first dozen seasons, more recent seasons have used the same general location for back-to-back filming of two cycles (for example, the use of Samoa for filming of seasons 19, 20).

text:
Continent/Region
Locations (season number)

Africa (2)
Kenya (3), Gabon (17)

Asia (9)
Malaysia (1), Thailand (5), China (15), Philippines (25, 26, 27, 28), Cambodia (31, 32)

Oceania (15)
Australia (2), French Polynesia (4), Vanuatu (9), Palau (10, 16), Cook Islands (13), Fiji (14, 33, 34, 35, 36), Samoa (19, 20, 23, 24)

Central America (8)
Panama (7, 8, 12), Guatemala (11), Nicaragua (21, 22, 29, 30)

South America (2)
Brazil (6, 18)

text: Since The Australian Outback, the announcement of each season's winner and subsequent reunion have been broadcast live in front of a studio audience, usually alternating between the Ed Sullivan Theater in New York City (home to the CBS' Late Show franchise) and CBS Television City or the CBS Studio Center in Los Angeles.

text: Reception[edit]

text: U.S. television ratings[edit]

text: Survivor has consistently been one of the top 20 most watched shows through its first 18 seasons and from seasons 21 to 23.[23]

text: Seasonal rankings (based on average total viewers per episode) of the United States version of Survivor on CBS.

text: Note: Each U.S. network television season starts in late September and ends in late May, which coincides with the completion of May sweeps.

text:
Season
Timeslot (ET)3
Premiered
Ended
TV season
Rank
Viewers
(in millions)

Date
Premiere
viewers
(in millions)
Date
Finale
viewers
(in millions)
Reunion
viewers
(in millions)

Survivor: Borneo
Wednesday
8:00 pm
May 31, 2000[24]
15.51
August 23, 2000
51.69[24]
36.70[25]
2000
2
28.30[26]

Survivor: The Australian Outback
Thursday
8:00 pm
January 28, 2001[27]
45.371
May 3, 2001[28]
36.35
28.01
2000–01
1
29.80[29]

Survivor: Africa
October 11, 2001[30]
23.84
January 10, 2002[31]
27.26
19.05
2001–02
8
20.69[32]

Survivor: Marquesas
February 28, 2002[33]
23.19
May 19, 2002[34]
25.87
17.89
6
20.77[35]

Survivor: Thailand
September 19, 2002[36]
23.05
December 19, 2002[37]
24.08
20.43
2002–03
4
21.21[38]

Survivor: The Amazon
February 13, 2003[39]
23.26
May 11, 2003[40]
22.29
17.65
9
19.97[38]

Survivor: Pearl Islands
September 18, 2003
21.50
December 14, 2003[41]
25.23
21.87
2003–04
7
20.72[42]

Survivor: All-Stars
February 1, 2004
33.531
May 9, 2004[43]
24.76
23.92
3
21.49[44]

Survivor: Vanuatu
September 16, 2004[45]
20.06
December 12, 2004[46]
19.72
15.23
2004–05
10
19.64[47]

Survivor: Palau
February 17, 2005[47]
23.66
May 15, 2005[48]
20.80
15.48
5
20.91[49]

Survivor: Guatemala
September 15, 2005[50]
18.41
December 11, 2005[51]
21.18
15.21
2005–06
8[52]
18.30[49]

Survivor: Panama
February 2, 2006[53]
19.20
May 14, 2006
17.07
11.65
11[52]
16.82[54]

Survivor: Cook Islands
September 14, 2006[55]
18.00
December 17, 2006
16.42
13.53
2006–07
13
15.75[56]

Survivor: Fiji
February 8, 2007[57]
16.68
May 13, 2007
13.63
11.43
15
14.83[56]

Survivor: China
September 20, 2007[58]
15.35
December 16, 2007
15.10
12.22
2007–08
8
15.18[59]

Survivor: Micronesia
February 7, 2008[60]
14.02
May 11, 2008
12.92
10.84
11
13.61[59]

Survivor: Gabon
September 25, 2008
13.05[61]
December 14, 2008
13.77
11.74
2008–09
15
13.81[62]

Survivor: Tocantins
February 12, 2009
13.63[63]
May 17, 2009
12.94[64]
11.59[64]
19
12.86[62]

Survivor: Samoa
September 17, 2009[65]
11.66[66]
December 20, 2009
13.97[67]
11.68[67]
2009–10
17
12.34[68]

Survivor: Heroes vs. Villains
February 11, 2010[69]
14.15[70]
May 16, 2010
13.46[71]
10.65[71]
14
12.60[68]

Survivor: Nicaragua
Wednesday
8:00 pm
September 15, 2010[72]
12.23[73]
December 19, 2010
13.58[74]
11.19[74]
2010–11
11
13.61[75]

Survivor: Redemption Island
February 16, 2011
11.17[76]
May 15, 2011
13.30[77]
10.97[77]
18
12.59[75]

Survivor: South Pacific
September 14, 2011[78]
10.74[79]
December 18, 2011
13.07[80]
9.92[80]
2011–12
18
12.77[81]

Survivor: One World
February 15, 2012
10.79[82]
May 13, 2012
10.34[83]
7.72[83]
26
11.64[81]

Survivor: Philippines
September 19, 2012[84]
11.37[85]
December 16, 2012
11.46[86]
8.77[87]
2012–13
21
11.85[88]

Survivor: Caramoan
February 13, 2013
8.94[89]
May 12, 2013
10.16[90]
8.13[90]
28
10.82[88]

Survivor: Blood vs. Water
September 18, 2013
9.73[91]
December 15, 2013
10.19[92]
7.46[92]
2013–14
252
11.30[93]

Survivor: Cagayan
February 26, 2014
9.40[94]
May 21, 2014
9.58[95]
7.14[95]

Survivor: San Juan del Sur
September 24, 2014
9.75[96]
December 17, 2014
9.79[97]
7.31[97]
2014–15
31
11.35[98]

Survivor: Worlds Apart
February 25, 2015
10.04[99]
May 20, 2015
9.74[100]
7.21[100]

Survivor: Cambodia
September 23, 2015
9.70[101]
December 16, 2015
9.45[102]
6.49[102]
2015–16
26
10.99[103]

Survivor: Kaôh Rōng
February 17, 2016
8.30[104]
May 18, 2016
9.54[105]
6.42[105]

Survivor: Millennials vs. Gen X
September 21, 2016
9.46[106]
December 14, 2016
9.09[107]
6.40[107]
2016–17
24[108]
10.32[108]

Survivor: Game Changers
March 8, 2017
7.64[109]
May 24, 2017[110]
8.48[111]
5.84[111]

Survivor: Heroes vs. Healers vs. Hustlers
September 27, 2017
8.33[112]
December 20, 2017
8.70[113]
5.97[113]
2017–18

Survivor: Ghost Island
February 28, 2018

text:
^1 The season premieres of Survivor: The Australian Outback and Survivor: All-Stars each aired after a Super Bowl.
^2 Starting with the 2013–14 TV series ranking, the two seasons aired in that time are listed together as Survivor. Previously, seasons were listed separately.
^3 The season finales of Survivor: Marquesas, and Survivor: The Amazon through Survivor: Blood vs. Water, were aired on Sunday at 8:00 pm. Additionally, when Survivor regularly aired on Thursdays, some episodes were moved to Wednesday at 8:00 pm to accommodate broadcasts of the first two weeks of the NCAA Men's Division I Basketball Championship.

text: Awards and nominations[edit]

text: Primetime Emmy Awards[edit]

text:
Year
Category
Nominee/Episode
Result[114]

2001
Outstanding Non-Fiction Program (Special Class)

Won

Outstanding Sound Mixing for a Non-Fiction Program
"The Marooning"
Won

Outstanding Cinematography for Non-Fiction Programming
"Honeymoon or Not?"
Nominated

Outstanding Main Title Theme Music
Russ Landau
Nominated

Outstanding Picture Editing for Non-Fiction Programming
"Trial by Fire"
Nominated

Outstanding Technical Direction, Camerawork, Video for a Miniseries, Movie or a Special
"Survivor: The Reunion"
Nominated

2002
Outstanding Lighting Direction (Electronic, Multi-Camera) for VMC Programming
"Finale and the Reunion"
Nominated

Outstanding Picture Editing for Non-Fiction Programming (Single or Multi-Camera)
"Two Peas in a Pod"
Nominated

Outstanding Technical Direction, Camerawork, Video for a Series
"Finale and the Reunion"
Nominated

2003
Outstanding Art Direction for a Variety or Music Program

Nominated

Outstanding Cinematography for Non-Fiction Programming (Single or Multi-Camera)
"The Importance of Being Earnest"
Nominated

Outstanding Picture Editing for Non-Fiction Programming (Single or Multi-Camera)
"More Than Meats the Eye"
Nominated

Outstanding Reality/Competition Program

Nominated

2004
Outstanding Cinematography for Nonfiction Programming (Single or Multi-Camera)
"Beg, Barter and Steal"
Nominated

Outstanding Picture Editing for Nonfiction Programming (Single or Multi-Camera)
"Swimming with Sharks"
Nominated

Outstanding Picture Editing for Non-Fiction Programming (Single or Multi-Camera)
"Shark Attack"
Nominated

Outstanding Reality/Competition Program

Nominated

Outstanding Sound Mixing for Nonfiction Programming (Single or Multi-Camera)
"They're Back"
Nominated

2005
Outstanding Cinematography for Nonfiction Programming (Single or Multi-Camera)
"This Has Never Happened Before"
Nominated

Outstanding Picture Editing for Nonfiction Programming (Single or Multi-Camera)
"This Has Never Happened Before"
Nominated

Outstanding Picture Editing for Non-Fiction Programming (Single or Multi-Camera)
"Culture Shock and Violent Storms"
Nominated

Outstanding Reality/Competition Program

Nominated

Outstanding Sound Mixing for Nonfiction Programming (Single or Multi-Camera)
"Love is in the Air, Rats are Everywhere"
Nominated

2006
Outstanding Cinematography for Nonfiction Programming (Single or Multi-Camera)
"Big Trek, Big Trouble, Big Surprise"
Nominated

Outstanding Picture Editing for Nonfiction Programming (Single or Multi-Camera)
"Starvation and Lunacy"
Nominated

Outstanding Picture Editing for Non-Fiction Programming (Single or Multi-Camera)
"Salvation and Desertion"
Nominated

Outstanding Reality/Competition Program

Nominated

Outstanding Sound Mixing for Nonfiction Programming (Single or Multi-Camera)
"Big Trek, Big Trouble, Big Surprise"
Nominated

Outstanding Sound Editing for Nonfiction Programming (Single or Multi-Camera)
"Big Trek, Big Trouble, Big Surprise"
Nominated

2007
Outstanding Picture Editing for Non-Fiction Programming (Single or Multi-Camera)
"An Evil Thought"
Nominated

2008
Outstanding Picture Editing for Non-Fiction Programming (Single or Multi-Camera)
"He's a Ball of Goo!"
Nominated

Outstanding Host for a Reality or Reality-Competition Program
Jeff Probst
Won

Outstanding Cinematography for Reality Programming
"Just Don't Eat the Apple"
Nominated

2009
Outstanding Sound Mixing for Non-Fiction Programming (Single or Multi-Camera)
"The Poison Apple Needs to Go"
Nominated

Outstanding Host for a Reality or Reality-Competition Program
Jeff Probst
Won

Outstanding Cinematography for Reality Programming
"This Camp is Cursed"
Nominated

2010
Outstanding Picture Editing for Non-Fiction Programming (Single or Multi-Camera)
"Tonight, We Make Our Move"
Nominated

Outstanding Host for a Reality or Reality-Competition Program
Jeff Probst
Won

Outstanding Cinematography for Reality Programming
"Slay Everyone, Trust No One"
Won

2011
Outstanding Picture Editing for Non-Fiction Programming (Single or Multi-Camera)
"Don't You Work for Me?"
Nominated

Outstanding Host for a Reality or Reality-Competition Program
Jeff Probst
Won

Outstanding Cinematography for Reality Programming
"Rice Wars"
Nominated

2012
Outstanding Picture Editing for Non-Fiction Programming (Single or Multi-Camera)
"Cult-Like"
Nominated

Outstanding Cinematography for Reality Programming
"Running the Show"
Nominated

2013
Outstanding Sound Editing for Nonfiction Programming (Single or Multi-Camera)
"Create a Little Chaos"
Nominated

Outstanding Sound Mixing for Nonfiction Programming
Nominated

Outstanding Cinematography for Reality Programming
Nominated

Outstanding Picture Editing for Reality Programming
"Zipping Over the Cuckoo's Nest"
Nominated

Outstanding Directing for Nonfiction Programming
"Live Finale and Reunion" (Survivor: Caramoan)
Nominated

"Live Finale and Reunion" (Survivor: Philippines)
Nominated

2014
Outstanding Cinematography for Reality Programming
"Mad Treasure Hunt"
Nominated

Outstanding Picture Editing for Reality Programming
"Mad Treasure Hunt"
Nominated

2015
Outstanding Cinematography for Reality Programming
"It's Survivor Warfare"
Nominated

Outstanding Picture Editing for Reality Programming
"It's Survivor Warfare"
Nominated

2016
Outstanding Cinematography for Reality Programming
"Second Chance"
Nominated

Outstanding Picture Editing for Reality Programming
"Signed, Sealed and Delivered"
Nominated

2017
Outstanding Casting for Reality Programming
Lynne Spiegel Spillman
Nominated

Outstanding Cinematography for Reality Programming
"The Stakes Have Been Raised"
Nominated

Outstanding Picture Editing for Reality Programming
"About to Have a Rumble"
Nominated

text: Other awards[edit]

text:
Year
Association
Category
Result
Ref.

2001
TCA Awards
Program of the Year
Nominated
[115]

2001
Outstanding New Program
Nominated
[115]

2011
Outstanding Achievement in Reality Programming
Nominated
[116]

2013
Outstanding Achievement in Reality Programming
Nominated
[117]

2013
Critics' Choice Television Awards
Best Reality Series – Competition
Nominated
[118]

2014
Best Reality Series – Competition
Nominated
[119]

2014
TCA Awards
Outstanding Achievement in Reality Programming
Nominated
[120]

2016
Outstanding Achievement in Reality Programming
Nominated
[121]

2017
Outstanding Achievement in Reality Programming
Nominated
[122]

text: Post-show auctions[edit]

text: At the end of each U.S. Survivor season from Survivor: Africa onward, various Survivor props and memorabilia are auctioned online for charity. The most common recipient has been the Elizabeth Glaser Pediatric AIDS Foundation.[123] Most recently, proceeds have gone toward The Serpentine Project, a charity founded by Jeff Probst, dedicated to helping those transitioning out of foster care upon emancipation at 18 years of age.[124] Items up for auction have included flags, mats, tree mails, contestant torches, contestant clothing, autographed items, immunity idols and the voting urn.[125]

text: Controversies and legal action[edit]

text:
In February 2001, Stacey Stillman filed a lawsuit claiming that producers interfered in the process of Survivor: Borneo by persuading two members of her tribe (Sean Kenniff and Dirk Been) to vote her off instead of Rudy Boesch.[126]
During a reward trip on Survivor: The Australian Outback, Colby Donaldson removed coral from the Great Barrier Reef and, on the same trip, a helicopter involved with the production crew flew around protected seabird rookeries. Both acts violated Australian law and the incidents could have resulted in fines up to A$110,000. Mark Burnett, the executive producer, issued an apology on behalf of Donaldson and the Survivor production team.[127]
At the tribal immunity challenge for the final four players on Survivor: Africa, host Jeff Probst asked which female player in their season had no piercings. Kim Johnson answered Kelly Goldsmith, got the point, and went on to win the challenge, which put her through to the final three and ultimately (after winning another immunity challenge) the final two. Unbeknownst to the producers, another contestant on "Africa", Lindsey Richter, also had no piercings. Lex van den Berghe's answer had been Lindsey, but the show did not award him a point, which could have significantly changed the outcome of the challenge and the overall game. CBS later paid van den Berghe and Tom Buchanan, who had finished in fourth place, a settlement.[128]
In the fifth episode of Survivor: All-Stars, a naked Richard Hatch came into contact with Sue Hawk after she blocked his path during an immunity challenge. Hatch was voted out that day for other reasons, but Hawk quit the game two days later as a result of what had happened. Hawk considered filing a lawsuit against the parties involved, but appeared with Hatch on The Early Show the morning after the sixth episode aired, stating she opted out of legal action because CBS had helped her "deal with the situation".[129]
Rupert Boneham, a contestant on Pearl Islands and All-Stars, was extremely popular with television audiences, but finished eighth and fourth, respectively, in his appearances on the show. As part of a special on the All-Stars reunion (Survivor: America's Tribal Council), a contest for the 18 players was created, where the winner would be selected by the viewing audience to receive a $1 million prize. Boneham unsurprisingly won this prize, with more than 80% of the votes cast. Many fans of the show saw this as a way of diluting the overall concept of the show, that instead of outwitting, outplaying and outlasting your fellow tribe members to win the game, a player could now play specifically just to gain popularity with the show's audience, regardless of how well they played the game, and still be rewarded with a large prize.[130]
In January 2006, Richard Hatch, the winner of the first season of Survivor, was charged and found guilty of failing to report his winnings to the IRS to avoid taxes. He was sentenced to four years and three months in prison.[131]
In the beginning of Survivor: Cook Islands, the tribes were grouped according to their race. Probst claimed the choice came from the criticism that Survivor was "not ethnically diverse enough",[132] but several long-term sponsors, including Campbell's Soup, Procter & Gamble, Home Depot, and Coca-Cola[133] dropped their support of the show shortly after this announcement, leading to speculation that the decisions were in response to the controversy. Each company has either denied the link to the controversy or declined to comment.
The selection process for the 14th season came under fire when it was revealed that, of the entire Survivor: Fiji cast, only Gary Stritesky had gone through the application process for the show; the rest of the contestants were recruited.[134] Probst defended the process, citing finding diversity of cast as a reason.
At the Survivor: China reunion show, Denise Martin told producers and the audience that she had been demoted to a janitor from a lunch lady due to the distraction she was to students from her appearance on the show. Because of her misfortune, Burnett awarded Martin $50,000. But Martin would later recant her story after the school district she worked for publicly stated that she had taken the custodial position before appearing on the show.[135] Martin then decided to donate the $50,000 to charity.[136]
A brief uncensored shot of Marcus Lehman's genitals during the premiere episode of Survivor: Gabon led to the show and network being asked to apologize for the incident.[137]
Jim Early (aka Missyae), who was a user on one of the fan forums for Survivor, was sued by Burnett, his production company, and CBS in August 2010, for allegedly releasing detailed spoiler information for Survivor: Samoa and Survivor: Heroes vs. Villains. Early revealed that he was getting his information from Russell Hantz, a contestant on both seasons, through both phone calls and emails. Early complied in the lawsuit by providing such evidence, eventually leading to its dismissal in January 2011. Although legal action has yet to be taken against Hantz, the contract for a player in Survivor includes a liability of up to $5 million for the premature revealing of a season's results.[138] Hantz has stated that the claim is false.[139]
Contestants that did not make the jury in Survivor: Caramoan were not allowed on stage for the reunion show. While Jeff Probst claimed that the new stage could not accommodate all 18 of the attending contestants, the format change was panned because the show's fans and fellow contestants felt that it was unfair for them to be left out in the audience. Erik Reichenbach, who finished 5th and did not even get a chance to speak at the reunion, called out the producers for their treatment of the contestants. Calling it a farce, he criticized how the reunion show left so many unanswered questions about the other contestants and his own evacuation during the season finale. He also criticized how the pre-jury members were completely left out in favor of featuring the show's former contestants, like Rob Mariano and Rudy Boesch.[140]
In the sixth episode of Survivor: Game Changers, Jeff Varner revealed at Tribal Council that fellow contestant Zeke Smith was a transgender man. This caused an immediate uproar amongst his tribemates and host Jeff Probst, which led to Varner's immediate elimination. The incident was covered by various news outlets, with fans heavily criticizing Varner's actions. Varner explained himself following the episode's airdate and expressed regret for his actions. Varner was also fired from his real estate job after the episode aired.[141]

text: Merchandise[edit]

text: The wild success of Survivor spawned a wide range of merchandise from the very first season. While early items available were limited to buffs, water bottles, hats, T-shirts, and other typical souvenir items, the marketability of the franchise has grown tremendously. Today, fans can find innumerable items, including computer and board games, interactive online games, mugs, tribal-themed jewelry, beach towels, dog tags, magnets, multi-function tools, DVD seasons, Survivor party kits, insider books, soundtracks, and more.

text: Home media releases[edit]

text:
DVD name
Release date

Season One: The Greatest and Most Outrageous Moments
January 9, 2001

Season Two: The Greatest and Most Outrageous Moments
September 25, 2001

text: Seasons 1, 2, 7, 8, 9 and 10 were released in stores. The remaining seasons have been released exclusively on Amazon.com through their CreateSpace manufacture on demand program. Select seasons have also been released on Blu-ray.

text:
DVD name
DVD release date[142]
Blu-ray release date

The Complete First Season: Borneo
May 11, 2004
n/a

The Complete Second Season: The Australian Outback
April 26, 2005
n/a

The Complete Third Season: Africa
October 5, 2010
n/a

The Complete Fourth Season: Marquesas
October 5, 2010
n/a

The Complete Fifth Season: Thailand
October 25, 2011
n/a

The Complete Sixth Season: The Amazon
November 22, 2011
n/a

The Complete Seventh Season: Pearl Islands
February 7, 2006
n/a

The Complete Eighth Season: All-Stars
September 14, 2004
n/a

The Complete Ninth Season: Vanuatu – Islands of Fire
December 5, 2006
n/a

The Complete Tenth Season: Palau
August 29, 2006
n/a

The Complete Eleventh Season: Guatemala – The Maya Empire
May 22, 2012
n/a

The Complete Twelfth Season: Panama – Exile Island
May 22, 2012
n/a

The Complete Thirteenth Season: Cook Islands
December 11, 2012
n/a

The Complete Fourteenth Season: Fiji
December 11, 2012
n/a

The Complete Fifteenth Season: China
January 27, 2014
n/a

The Complete Sixteenth Season: Micronesia – Fans vs. Favorites
January 31, 2014
n/a

The Complete Seventeenth Season: Gabon – Earth's Last Eden
September 11, 2014
n/a

The Complete Eighteenth Season: Tocantins – The Brazilian Highlands
August 5, 2014
n/a

The Complete Nineteenth Season: Samoa
November 18, 2014
n/a

The Complete Twentieth Season: Heroes vs. Villains
February 22, 2011
n/a

The Complete Twenty-First Season: Nicaragua
November 18, 2014
n/a

The Complete Twenty-Second Season: Redemption Island
October 7, 2015
TBA

The Complete Twenty-Third Season: South Pacific
October 7, 2015
TBA

The Complete Twenty-Fourth Season: One World
September 23, 2016
July 11, 2017

The Complete Twenty-Fifth Season: Philippines
September 23, 2016
July 11, 2017

The Complete Twenty-Sixth Season: Caramoan – Fans vs. Favorites
October 26, 2017
December 22, 2017

The Complete Twenty-Seventh Season: Blood vs. Water
November 13, 2017
November 1, 2017

The Complete Twenty-Eighth Season: Cagayan
December 22, 2017
November 1, 2017

The Complete Twenty-Ninth Season: San Juan del Sur – Blood vs. Water
TBA
TBA

The Complete Thirtieth Season: Worlds Apart
TBA
TBA

The Complete Thirty-First Season: Cambodia – Second Chance
TBA
TBA

The Complete Thirty-Second Season: Kaôh Rōng
TBA
TBA

The Complete Thirty-Third Season: Millennials vs. Gen X
TBA
TBA

The Complete Thirty-Fourth Season: Game Changers – Mamanuca Islands
TBA
TBA

text: All seasons are available on CBS All Access, the network's over-the-top subscription streaming service.

text: Other media[edit]

text: Video games[edit]

text: In the 2001 Survivor video game for PC, developed by Infogrames, it allows players to play and create characters for the game based on the Borneo or Australian Outback cast members. The game also includes a character creation system for making custom characters.

text: Gameplay consists of choosing survivors' skills (fishing, cooking, etc.), forming alliances, developing relationships with other tribe members, and voting off competitors at tribal council.

text: The game was very poorly received by critics. GameSpot gave the game a 'Terrible' score of 2.0 out of 10, saying "If you're harboring even a tiny urge to buy this game, please listen very carefully to this advice: Don't do it."[143] Likewise, IGN gave the game a 'Painful' 2.4 out of 10, stating "It is horribly boring and repetitive. The graphics are weak and even the greatest Survivor fan would break the CD in two after playing it for 20 minutes."[144] The game was the recipient of Game Revolution's lowest score of all time, an F-.[145] An 'interactive review' was created specially for the game, and features interactive comments like "The Survival periods are about as much fun as" followed by a drop-down menu, "watching paint dry/throbbing hemorrhoids/staring at air/being buried alive."[145]

text: On November 4, 2009, it was announced that a second game based on the show would be turned into a video game. The game would require players to participate in various challenges like those in the reality shows in order to win.[146]

text: Soundtracks[edit]

text: Various soundtracks have been released featuring music composed by Russ Landau, including soundtracks for seasons 9 through 27 (with the exception of season 14).[147]

text: Thrill ride[edit]

text: The Tiki Twirl thrill ride at California's Great America in Santa Clara, California was originally called Survivor: The Ride. The ride includes a rotating platform that moves along an undulating track. Riders can be sprayed by water guns hidden in oversized tribal masks. Theme elements included drums and other familiar Survivor musical accents playing in the background, Survivor memorabilia throughout the queue and other merchandise for sale in nearby gift shops.[148]


document_title: Smoking age

question_text: what age do you have to be to buy cigarettes in california

root

text: Smoking age

text: Smoking age laws by region[edit]

text: Africa[edit]

text:
Country
De jure
Notes

Legal age to smoke any tobacco products
Legal age to buy any tobacco products

 Algeria
None
19
It is illegal to sell tobacco products to minors under the age of 19 years.
(Chapitre IV sur les problèmes de santé l'article 93: "la vente de tabac ou produits du tabac aux mineurs est interdite".)[1]

 Angola
None
18
It is illegal to sell tobacco to minors under the age of 18.[2]

 Benin
None
18
[3]

 Botswana
None
18
It is illegal to sell tobacco to minors under the age of 18. Any person who sells, by retail, any tobacco product, shall display clearly, for the public, a notice to the effect that the sale of any tobacco product to a person under the age of 18 years is prohibited.[4]

 Burkina Faso
None
18
[5]

 Burundi
None
18
It is illegal to sell cigarettes to anyone under the age of 18. Other tobacco products are not regulated.[6]

 Cameroon
15

 Cape Verde
15

 Central African Republic
14

 Chad
18
It is illegal to sell tobacco to a minor. Minors and pregnant women may not smoke in public.[7]

 Comoros
None
18
The sale of tobacco products to minors is prohibited. Vendors of tobacco products must visibly and prominently display at their point of sale a notice of prohibition of the sale of tobacco to minors and by minors.[8]

 Republic of the Congo
18
[9]

 Democratic Republic of the Congo
18
It is illegal for minors to smoke in public, and for anyone to give or sell tobacco to a minor.
(ARRETE MINISTERIEL N°1250 Article 1: L'usage, la vente, l'achat et la consommation du tabac, de ses produits et de ses dérivés sont strictement interdits aux mineurs.)[10]

 Djibouti
None
16
It is illegal to sell tobacco products to a minor under the age of 16 years. A notice with the sale restrictions has to be placed at point of sale.[11]

 Egypt
21
The sale of tobacco products to persons under the age of 21 is prohibited.

 Equatorial Guinea
18
[12]

 Eritrea
None
18
[13]

 Ethiopia
None
18
"No person may directly or indirectly give, provide or sell any tobacco product to a person under the age of 18."[14]

 Gabon
None
18
[15]

 Gambia
None

 Ghana
18
[16]

 Guinea-Bissau
15

 Kenya
None
18
It is illegal to sell tobacco products to anyone under the age of 18 years. There is no minimum age to possess tobacco or smoke in public.[17]

 Lesotho
14

 Liberia
18
It is illegal to sell or supply tobacco to a minor. Minors may not consume tobacco at any public place.[18]

 Libya
None
18
It is strictly prohibited to sell any tobacco product to a person under the age of 18 years.[19]

 Madagascar
None
18
[20]

 Malawi
14

 Mali
None
18
[21]

 Mauritius
18
A person must be 18 years old to purchase or to smoke cigarettes including any tobacco products as is indicated in Public Health (Restrictions on Tobacco Products) Regulations 1999, Sec. 2(e)(i)).

 Morocco
16

 Mozambique
None
18
[22]

 Namibia
None
18
It is illegal to sell or supply tobacco to a minor.[23]
No minimum age prior to 14 April 2010.

 Niger
None
18 (to enter smoking room or facility)
18
It is illegal to sell tobacco products to a minor. Minors may not enter any smoking room or facility where smoking is permitted by law.[24]
No minimum age prior to 17 July 2008.

 Nigeria
None
18
It is illegal to sell, give or otherwise supply tobacco products to a minor.[25]

 Republic of the Congo
14

 Rwanda
None
18
It is prohibited to involve a person under 18 in, buying, selling and exchanging of tobacco and tobacco products. It is also prohibited for the seller to sell tobacco and tobacco products to a person under 18.[26]

 São Tomé and Príncipe
None
16
[27]

 Senegal
None
18
It is illegal to sell or give tobacco to a person under the age of 18 years. (Chapitre III.- Accès aux produits du tabac: Article 17 Il est interdit de vendre ou d'offrir aux mineurs ou de faire vendre ou de faire offrir par les mineurs du tabac ou tout produit du tabac.)[28]

 Seychelles
18
[29]

 Somalia
15

 South Africa
18
It is illegal to sell or supply any tobacco product to a person under the age of 18.[30]

 South Sudan
15

 Swaziland
None
18
It is illegal to sell and give tobacco to anyone under the age of 18 years.[31]

 Sudan
None
18 (to enter smoking room or facility)
18
It is illegal to sell or give tobacco to a minor. Anyone under the age of 18 may also not handle, store, work or produce with tobacco or within such a facility.[32]

 Tanzania
18
It is unlawful to sell or give tobacco products to a minor, and to smoke such tobacco products if the individual is younger than 18 years.[33]

 Togo
None
18
It is illegal to sell or give any tobacco product to a minor.[34]

 Tunisia
None
18
[35]

 Uganda
None
21
It is now illegal for a person below the age of 21 to access cigarettes.[36]

 Zambia
None
16
It is illegal to sell tobacco to anyone under age 16. No minimum age for consumption and possession in public.
No minimum age prior to 1 January 1993.[37]

 Zimbabwe
None
18
It is illegal to sell or give tobacco products to anyone under the age of 18. Minors may not sell tobacco.[38]

tag: table

text: Americas[edit]

text:
Country
De jure
Notes

Smoking age
Purchase age

 Antigua and Barbuda
None
Antigua and Barbuda doesn't have any restrictions towards selling tobacco to minors or smoking in general.[39]

 Argentina
None
18
It is illegal to sell tobacco products to minors.[40]

 Bahamas
None
18
[41]

 Belize
None

 Bermuda
None
18
No person shall sell or supply any cigarettes, tobacco or tobacco products to a minor. A person selling or supplying any cigarettes, tobacco or tobacco products to a person who appears to be under 25 years of age shall, before selling or supplying them, ensure, by requiring photo identification, that the latter person is not a minor.[42]

 Bolivia
None
18
The sale of tobacco products to minors under the age of 18 years is prohibited.[43]

 Brazil
18[44]
18
It is illegal to "sell Products whose ingredients can cause physical or psychic dependence, even if only through improper use" (…). This also includes tobacco products of any kind.[45]

 British Virgin Islands
None
18
It is illegal to sell or offer to sell tobacco to anyone under the age of 18 years. It is not illegal for minors to purchase, possess or consume tobacco.[46]

 Canada

Regulations by province and territory:

Province/territory
Smoking age
Purchase age
Notes

Federal Government
None
18[47]
It is illegal to sell or supply tobacco products to a minor under the age of 18.
The minimum age was 16 years of prior to 1994.[48]

 Alberta
18[49]
It is illegal to sell or supply tobacco products to a minor under the age of 18. Further, minors are not permitted to smoke at any public place.

 British Columbia
None
19[50]

 Manitoba
None
18[51]
It is illegal to sell, give, buy for, lend or otherwise provide tobacco products to anyone under the age of 18 years. Parents can provide tobacco products to their children on private property. Further it is legal to supply tobacco to a minor if it is solely for use in traditional Aboriginal spiritual or cultural practices or ceremonies.

 New Brunswick
None
19[52]
It is illegal to sell and supply tobacco products to anyone under the age of 19 years. It is also illegal to attempt to purchase tobacco on behalf of, or for the purpose of resale to, a person under the age of 19 years.

 Newfoundland and Labrador
None
19[53]
It is illegal to sell, give or furnish, directly or indirectly, tobacco to a person under the age of 19 years.

 Northwest Territories
None
18[54]
No person shall sell or supply, or offer to sell or supply, tobacco or a tobacco accessory to a person under the age of 18. No one under the age of 18 years shall purchase or attempt to purchase tobacco or a tobacco accessory.

 Nova Scotia
19[55]
19[56]
No vendor or employee of a vendor shall sell or give tobacco or a tobacco product to a person under the age of nineteen years. No person shall purchase tobacco or a tobacco product on behalf of, or for the purpose of resale or give tobacco or a tobacco product, to a person under the age of nineteen years. No person under the age of nineteen years may possess tobacco.

 Nunavut
None
19[57]
No person shall sell or supply, or offer to sell or supply, tobacco to a person who is less than 19 years old.

 Ontario
None
19[58]
No person shall sell or supply tobacco to a person who is less than 19 years old. No person shall sell or supply tobacco to a person who appears to be less than 25 years old unless he or she has required the person to provide identification and is satisfied that the person is at least 19 years old.

 Prince Edward Island
None
19[59]
No person shall sell or supply tobacco to a person under the age of 19 years. No person shall purchase or attempt to purchase tobacco on behalf of, or for the purpose of resale to, a person under the age of 19 years. It is legal to supply tobacco to a minor if it is solely for use in traditional Aboriginal spiritual or cultural practices or ceremonies.

 Quebec
None
18[60]
It is illegal to sell tobacco to anyone under the age of 18 years. The operator of a tobacco retail outlet may not give tobacco to a minor. The operator of a tobacco retail outlet may not sell tobacco to an adult, if the operator knows the person is purchasing the tobacco for a minor.

 Saskatchewan
None
18[61]
It is illegal to sell, lend, assign, give or send tobacco to anyone under the age of 18 years.

 Yukon
18 (federal law)
The territory Yukon has no legislations which restrict the sale of tobacco products to minors. Federal laws apply.

 Chile
None
18
It is illegal to sell any form of tobacco to a person under the age of 18 years.[62]

 Colombia
None
18
It is forbidden for any individual or legal entity to directly or indirectly sell tobacco products and its derivatives in any of its presentations to minors under the age of 18 years. In case of question, one must ask each tobacco purchaser to show that he has reached majority age.[63]

 Costa Rica
None
18
Tobacco products may not be sold to minors. Wholesale or retail vendors of products shall have the obligation, at their own expense, to display posters that are visible, clear and prominently placed on the inside of places of sale, stating that the sale of tobacco products to minors is prohibited.[64]

 Cuba
None
18
Minors cannot legally buy tobacco,[65] but stores may sell it to those who look 13 or older.[citation needed]

 Cayman Islands
None
18
Tobacco Law, 2007 PART V – Section 10: No person shall sell tobacco to a minor.[66]

 Dominican Republic
None
18
It is illegal to sell tobacco to a person under the age of 18 years.[67]

 Ecuador
None
18
It is illegal to sell or let sell tobacco to or by a minor.[68]

 El Salvador
None
18
It is illegal to sell or give tobacco to a minor.[69]

 Falkland Islands
None

 Guatemala
18
It is illegal to sell tobacco products to anyone under the age of 18 years. Public consumption of tobacco by minors is prohibited. (El decreto 90-97, Código de Salud, indica en su artículo 50)[70]

 Guyana
None
18
No tobacco may be sold or furnished to a minor.[71]

 Haiti
None
18

 Honduras
None
21
The sale and/or gifting of tobaccoderived products to persons under 21 years of age is prohibited.[72]

 Jamaica
None
18
[73]

 Mexico
None
18
[74]

 Nicaragua
None
18
[75]

 Panama
None
18
The sale of tobacco products to minors is prohibited.[76]

 Paraguay
None
18
It is unlawful to sell tobacco products to anyone under the age of 18 years.[77]

 Peru
18
The sale of tobacco products to/by minors under the age of 18 is prohibited.[78]

 Trinidad and Tobago
None
18
Tobacco shall not be sold to or by a child under the age of 18 years.[79]

 United States
(50 states and integral territories)
The federal law requires states to have a minimum age of 18 years for sale/purchase of tobacco products (21 U.S.C. § 387f. (3)(a)(ii)). State laws may extend this ban and also prohibit supply, possession and consumption to/by person underage, or increase the age beyond 18. However, most states do not directly ban the consumption of tobacco by a minor. The federal law requiring states to have a minimum purchasing age at 18 is enforced by withholding FEMA disaster and non-disaster grants from states that have purchasing ages under 18, and currently no state falls under that category.

Regulations by state:

State/territory
Smoking age
Purchase age
Notes

 Alabama
19 (including Alabama National Guard Bases)
18 (on military bases under federal law)[80]
It is illegal to sell or give tobacco products to anyone under the age of 19 years. Minors are prohibited from using and possessing tobacco products.
The minimum age was introduced in 1896.[81]

 Alaska
None
19[82]
It is illegal to sell or give tobacco products to anyone under the age of 19 years. Possession by minors is prohibited. The minimum age requirement does not apply to a person who is a prisoner at an adult correctional facility.[83]
The minimum age of 16 years was introduced in 1978.
The minimum age was raised from 16 to 19 in 1988.[81]

 American Samoa
18

 Arizona
None
18[84]
It is illegal to sell or give tobacco products or smoking equipment to anyone under the age of 18 years. It is illegal for a minor to be in possession of tobacco or smoking equipment, or to receive them.

None
21[85][86]
Cottonwood and Douglas have raised their tobacco sales age to 21.

 Arkansas
18[87]
It is illegal to give or sell tobacco to anyone under the age of 18 years. It is illegal for minors to be in possession of tobacco products and to smoke in public.

18
21[88]
Helena–West Helena has raised the sales age for tobacco products to 21.

 California
18[89]
21[90]
As of 9 June 2016, it is illegal to sell or furnish tobacco to a person under 21 years of age, with an exception for people in active military service who are 18 years old. Before 9 June, the age to purchase tobacco was 18 years of age.

 Colorado
18[91]
It is illegal to sell, give or distribute tobacco products to anyone under the age of 18 years. Minors under the age of 18 years are prohibited from being in possession of any tobacco product.

18
21[92]
Aspen has raised the sales age for tobacco products to 21.

 Connecticut
None
18[93]
It is illegal to sell or give tobacco products to anyone under 18. It is illegal for minors to possess tobacco in public.
A minimum age of 16 was introduced in 1902.
The minimum age was raised from 16 to 18 in 1987.[81]

 Delaware
None
18[94]
Selling, giving or otherwhise distributing tobacco products to anyone under the age of 18 years is illegal. Minors under the age of 18 years are not allowed to attempt to purchase tobacco or to be in the possession of tobacco products.
The minimum age of 17 years was introduced in 1953.
The minimum age was raised from 17 to 18 in 1992.[81][95]

 Florida
None
18[96]
The Florida Statutes make it a criminal offence so sell or supply tobacco to an individual under the age of 18 years. Minors may also not be in possession of tobacco products.

 Georgia
None
18[97]
It is illegal to sell or give tobacco products to anyone under the age of 18 years. It is illegal for minors to possess tobacco in public. Minors are allowed to possess tobacco products and to consume those, in private home if permission is given by parents or legal guardian.
The minimum age of 17 years was introduced in 1987.
The minimum age was raised from 17 to 18 in 1993.[81][95]

 Guam
21
The minimum age was raised from 18 to 21, as of 1 January 2018.[98]

 Hawaii
21[99][100]
It is illegal to sell or furnish tobacco to a person under 21 years of age. It is also illegal for a person under 21 years of age to attempt to purchase tobacco.
The minimum age of 15 years was introduced on 11 November 1890.[101]
The minimum age was raised from 15 to 18 on 1 January 1988.[102]
The minimum age was raised from 18 to 21 on 1 January 2016.[103]

 Idaho
18[104][105]

 Illinois
18[106][107][108]

18[106]
21[109]
Fourteen cities in Illinois, including Chicago and Naperville, have raised their tobacco sales age to 21.

 Indiana
None
18[110]
Giving, selling, providing and distributing tobacco to minors is illegal. Minors may not possess, accept or purchase tobacco. Minors are not allowed to enter a tobacco business, defined in state law as a business whose primary activity is the sale of tobacco products and accessories.
The minimum age of 16 years was introduced in 1980.
The minimum age was raised from 16 to 18 in 1987.[81]

 Iowa
18[111]
It is illegal for minors to be in possession of tobacco, to smoke in public or to purchase tobacco products. It is illegal to sell or distribute tobacco to anyone under the age of 18 years.

 Kansas
None
18[112]
It is illegal to sell or supply tobacco to a minor. Minors may not possess or purchase or attempt to possess or purchase tobacco.

None
21[113]
Nineteen cities in Kansas, including Overland Park and Olathe, have raised their tobacco sales age to 21.

 Kentucky
None
18[114]
It is illegal to sell or supply tobacco to minors. Minors may not purchase or possess tobacco products. Prior to 1990 Kentucky had no minimum age to purchase tobacco. From 1990 until 1992 the minimum age was 16 years.
In 1992 the age was raised from 16 to 18 years of age.[95]

 Louisiana
None
18[115]
It is illegal to sell or distribute tobacco to a minor. A minor is not permitted to possess tobacco, except in private residences or if accompanied by a parent, spouse, or legal guardian 21 years of age or older.
Prior to 1991 there was no minimum age limit in Louisiana.

 Maine
18[116]
21[117]
It is illegal to sell or distribute tobacco to a minor. A minor is not permitted to possess tobacco, except in private residences or if accompanied by a parent, spouse, or legal guardian 21 years of age or older. Implementation for 21 and older July 2018.

 Maryland
None
18[118][119]
Minimum age raised from 16 to 18 in 1989.[95]

 Massachusetts
None
18[120]
It is illegal to sell tobacco to minors. Anyone else than the parents or guardian are prohibited from giving any form of tobacco to a minor.

None
21[121]
Over 100 cities in Massachusetts, including Boston, have raised their sales age for tobacco products to 21 years.

 Michigan
18[122]
It is illegal to sell, give, supply or otherwise provide tobacco to minors. Minors may not purchase, attempt to purchase, possess, attempt to possess or consume tobacco products in public. Minors are permitted to smoke on private premises.

18
21[123]
Ann Arbor and Genesee County have raised their tobacco sales age to 21.

 Minnesota
18[124]
It is illegal to sell, give, supply or otherwise provide tobacco to minors. Minors may not purchase, attempt to purchase, possess, attempt to possess or consume tobacco products in public. Indian may furnish tobacco to an Indian under the age of 18 years if the tobacco is furnished as part of a traditional Indian spiritual or cultural ceremony.

18
21[125]
Four cities in Minnesota have raised their sales age for tobacco products to 21.

 Mississippi
18[126]
It is illegal to sell, give, supply or otherwise provide tobacco to minors. Minors may not purchase, attempt to purchase, possess, attempt to possess or consume tobacco products in public.

18
21[127]
Adams County has raised their tobacco sales age to 21.

 Missouri
None
18[128]
It is illegal to sell, give, supply or otherwise provide tobacco to minors. It is not illegal to give tobacco to minors on private premises nor is it illegal for minors to smoke in public.
Prior to 1992 Missouri did not have a minimum age limit.[95]

None
21[129]
Twelve cities in Missouri, including Kansas City, St. Louis and Jefferson City, have raised their tobacco sales age to 21.

 Montana
None
18[130]
Sale or distribution of tobacco products to persons under 18 years of age is prohibited, whether over the counter, by vending machine, or otherwise.
Prior to 1993 there was no minimum age limit.[95]

 Nebraska
18[131][132]
It is illegal to sell, give or furnish, in any way tobacco to a minor. Minors may not smoke in public.

 Nevada
None
18[133]

 New Hampshire
18[134]
It is illegal to sell, give, supply or otherwise provide tobacco to minors. Minors may not purchase, attempt to purchase, possess, attempt to possess or consume tobacco products in public.

 New Jersey
None
21[135]
No person shall sell, give or furnish to a person under 21 years of age, any cigarettes made of tobacco.
The minimum age of 16 years was introduced in 1904.
The minimum age was raised from 16 to 18 in 1988.
The minimum age was raised from 18 to 19 in 2005.
The minimum age was raised from 19 to 21 on 1 November 2017.[81]

 New Mexico
None
18[136]
Prior to 1991 New Mexico had no minimum age.

 New York
None
18[137]
It is illegal to sell tobacco products to anyone under the age of 18 years.

None
21[138]
Fourteen cities in New York, including New York City, have raised the sales age for tobacco products to 21.

 North Carolina
None
18[139]
It is illegal for anyone under age 18 to buy, attempt to buy, to receive, or to use a false or misleading proof of age for the purpose of purchasing or receiving any tobacco product or cigarette wrapping papers.
The minimum age of 17 years was introduced in 1891.
The minimum age was raised from 17 to 18 in 1991.[81][95]

  North Dakota
18[140]

 Northern Mariana Islands
18
It is illegal to sell and supply tobacco to a minor.

 Ohio
18[141]

None
21[142]
Nine cities in Ohio, including Cleveland and Columbus, have raised their tobacco sales age to 21.

 Oklahoma
None
18[143]
It is illegal to sell, give or otherwise supply tobacco to anyone under the age of 18 years.
The minimum age of 18 years was introduced in 1915.

 Oregon
None
21[144]
It is illegal to sell, give or otherwise supply tobacco to anyone under the age of 21 years since 1 January 2018.

 Pennsylvania
None
18[145]
It is illegal to sell, furnish, give or otherwise provide tobacco to a minor. Minors may not purchase or attempt to purchase tobacco products.
The minimum age of 16 years was introduced in 1972.
The minimum age was raised from 16 to 18 in 1990.[81][95]

 Puerto Rico
None
18

 Rhode Island
18[146][147]
No person under eighteen years of age shall purchase, nor shall any person sell, give, or deliver to any person under eighteen years of age, any tobacco products. No person under eighteen years of age shall use or possess, tobacco in any public street, place, or resort, any tobacco and/or electronic nicotine delivery system in any form.
The minimum age of 16 years was introduced in 1896.
The minimum age was raised from 16 to 18 in 1988.[81]

18
21[148]
Barrington and Central Falls have raised their sales age for tobacco products to 21 years.

 South Carolina
None
18[149]
It is illegal to sell, give or otherwise supply tobacco to anyone under the age of 18 years. It is illegal for minors to purchase, attempt to purchase, possess, or attempt to possess a tobacco product, or present or offer proof of age that is false or fraudulent for the purpose of purchasing or possessing a tobacco product.

 South Dakota
None
18
Prior to 1989 South Dakota didn't regulate the sale of cigarettes to minors. Only smokeless tobacco products could not be sold to minors.

 Tennessee
None
18[150]
It is unlawful for a person who has not attained 18 years of age to possess a tobacco product, to purchase or accept receipt of a tobacco product, or to present or offer to any person any purported proof of age which is false, fraudulent, or not actually that person's own for the purpose of purchasing or receiving any tobacco product.

 Texas
18[151]
It is illegal to sell, give, supply or otherwise provide tobacco to minors. Minors may not purchase, attempt to purchase, possess, attempt to possess or consume tobacco products in public. Exception: The individual younger than 18 years of age possessed the cigarette or tobacco product in the presence of an adult parent, a guardian, or a spouse of the individual or an employer of the individual, if possession or receipt of the tobacco product is required in the performance of the employee's duties as an employee.
The minimum age to purchase, possess and consume tobacco was 16 years of age from 1899 to 1989.[95]

18
21[152]
San Antonio has raised its sales age for tobacco products to 21.

 United States Virgin Islands
None
18
[153]

 Utah
19[154]
It is illegal to sell, supply, give or otherwise furnish tobacco products or smoking devices to anyone under the age of 19 years. It is illegal for anyone under the age of 19 years to possess, consume, purchase any tobacco product.

 Vermont
None
18[155]
It is illegal to sell, supply, give or otherwise furnish tobacco products to anyone under the age of 18 years. It is illegal for anyone under the age of 18 years to possess or purchase tobacco products.
The minimum age of 17 years was introduced in 1888.
The minimum age was raised from 17 to 18 in 1991.[81][95]

 Virginia
18[156]
It is illegal to sell, supply, give or otherwise furnish tobacco products to anyone under the age of 18 years. It is illegal for anyone under the age of 18 years to possess or purchase tobacco products.
Prior to 1991 the minimum age to purchase tobacco products was 16 years of age.[95]

 Washington
None
18[157]
It is illegal to sell, give or permit to sell or give tobacco products to anyone under the age of 18 years. It is not illegal for minors to possess or consume tobacco products in public.

 Washington, D.C.
None
21[158]
It is illegal to sell, give or permit to sell or give tobacco products to anyone under the age of 21 years. It is not illegal for minors to possess or consume tobacco products in public. Tobacco use is prohibited at organized sporting events.
The minimum age of 16 years was introduced in 1891.
The minimum age was raised from 16 to 18 in 1990.[81][95]
The minimum age was raised from 18 to 21 in 2016.

 West Virginia
18[159]
It is illegal to sell, supply, give or otherwise furnish tobacco products to anyone under the age of 18 years. It is illegal for anyone under the age of 18 years to possess, consume or purchase tobacco products.

 Wisconsin
None
18[160]
It is illegal to sell, give or permit to sell or give tobacco products to anyone under the age of 18 years. It is not illegal for minors to possess or consume tobacco products in public.

 Wyoming
18[161]
It is illegal to sell, supply, give or otherwise furnish tobacco products to anyone under the age of 18 years. It is illegal for anyone under the age of 18 years to possess, consume or purchase tobacco products.
Prior to 1991 Wyoming had no minimum purchase/sale age for tobacco products.[95]

 Uruguay
None
18
It is illegal to sell tobacco to a minor. A clearly legible notice with the sale ban to under anyone under the age of 18 years has to be placed inside and outside the premises.[162]

 Venezuela
None
18
It is illegal to sell or supply tobacco products to a minor.[163]

text: Asia[edit]

text:
Country
De jure
Notes

Smoking age
Purchase age

 Afghanistan
18
It is illegal to sell, give or otherwise furnish tobacco products to anyone under the age of 18 years. It is illegal to smoke or the use of tobacco in public buildings such as hospitals, schools and restaurants.[164]

 Bhutan
Illegal
In 2004, Bhutan became the first country to ban the sale, cultivation, and production of tobacco. People 18 and over may bring a limited amount of tobacco into Bhutan if they pay import duties.

 Brunei
18
It is illegal to sell, give or otherwise furnish tobacco products to anyone under the age of 18 years. It is illegal for minors to possess, buy or consume tobacco products.[165]

 Bangladesh
16
It is illegal to sell tobacco products to anyone under the age of 16 years. Any police-officer in uniform or any other person or class of persons duty authorized by the Government has the power to seize and destroy tobacco products of anyone under the age of 16 years whom he finds smoking in public.[166]

 Cambodia
None
18
Any act of selling or distributing all types of tobacco products to persons aged under 18 years or to pregnant women whose pregnancy is obvious or is realized must be punished with six days to one month in prison and a fine of 100,000 riel to 1 million riel.[167]

 China
None
18
It is illegal to sell tobacco products to minors. No one shall smoke on school or education premises. Weakly enforced to not enforced.
No age limit prior to 29 December 2006.[168]

 Hong Kong
18
It is illegal to sell, give or otherwise furnish tobacco products to anyone under the age of 18 years.[169]

 India
None
18
It is illegal to sell cigarettes or any other tobacco product to a person under the age of 18 years. It is illegal to sell tobacco within a radius of one hundred yards of any educational institution.[170]

 Indonesia
None
18
It is illegal to sell an supply tobacco products to pregnant women anyone under the age of 18 years.[171]

 Iran
None
18
It is illegal to sell and supply tobacco products to anyone under the age of 18 years. Violation will result in confiscation of tobacco from the minor and a fine for the salesperson.[172]

 Iraq
14

 Israel
None
18
It is illegal to sell tobacco products to a minor.
No minimum age prior to 12 November 2004.[173]

 Jordan
None
18 (consumption of water pipes on premises)
18
It is illegal to sell tobacco to a minor. It is also illegal to provide water pipes in cafes, restaurants and similar places.[174]

 Japan
20
It is illegal to supply tobacco to persons under 20 years. It is punishable by a ¥10,000 fine.[175]

 Kazakhstan
None
18
[176]

 Kuwait
None
21
It is illegal to sell or give tobacco products to anyone under the age of 21 years.[177]

 Kyrgyzstan
None
18
No minor shall sell or be sold tobacco products.[178]

 Lebanon
18
18
It is illegal to sell or distribute tobacco to a minor.[179]

 Macau
None
18
It is illegal to sell tobacco to a person under the age of 18 years. It is not illegal for a minor to smoke or to obtain tobacco from a person of the legal age.[180]

 Malaysia
None
18
It is illegal to sell tobacco products to a minor.[181]

 Maldives
None
18
It is illegal to sell tobacco products to anyone under the age of 18 years. The retailer must ensure that the buyer is at least 18 years of age. Furthermore, a clearly legible notice has to be displayed at point of sale stating that tobacco sales to minors are illegal.[182]

 Mongolia
21

   Nepal
None
18
It is illegal to sell or distribute tobacco products to minors and pregnant women.[183]

 North Korea
None
17
It is illegal to sell tobacco products to a minor.[184] (The tobacco law does not define the word "minor", but age of majority is reached at the age of 17 years).

 Oman
18

 Pakistan
None
18
It is illegal to sell tobacco to a person under the age of 18 years. A clearly legible notice with the sale restriction has to be placed at point of sale.[185]

 Palestine
14

 Philippines
18
Only people over 18 may buy cigarettes and tobacco due to the "STOP for Health Act". (Stop Tobacco and Other Products for Health)[186]

 Qatar
None
18
It is illegal to sell cigarettes or any other tobacco to a person unter the age of 18 years.[187]

 Saudi Arabia
18

 Singapore
18
Smoking age in Singapore is currently 18, increasing to 19 by 2019 and 21 by 2021.
It is illegal to sell or give, directly or indirectly any tobacco product to a person under the age of 18 years. No minor is allowed to consume or possess any tobacco product in public.[188]

 South Korea
19
20
[189]

 Sri Lanka
None
21
It is illegal to sell any tobacco product to a person under the age of 21 years.[190]

 Syria
None
18
It is unlawful to sell or give tobacco to a person under the age of 18 years.[191]

 Taiwan
18
It is illegal to sell or provide tobacco to persons under the age of 18 years. It is illegal to force, induce or use other means to cause a pregnant woman to smoke. It is illegal for a pregnant women or a minor to smoke. No penalty is provided for pregnant women who smoke.[192]

 Tajikistan
14

 Thailand
None
18
[193]

 Turkmenistan
Illegal
In January 2016, President Gurbanguly Berdymukhammedow reportedly banned tobacco sales in Turkmenistan.[194]

 United Arab Emirates
18

 Vietnam
18
It is illegal for people less than 18 years of age use, buy, and sell tobacco products. It is illegal to sell and supply tobacco product to people less than 18 years of age.[195]

 Yemen
14

text: Europe[edit]

text:
Country
De jure
Notes

Smoking age
Purchase age

 Albania
None
18
It is illegal to sell or supply tobacco products to minors under the age of 18 years.[196]

 Armenia
None
18
It is illegal to sell tobacco products anyone under the age of 18 years. Minors may not sell tobacco products.[197]
No minimum age prior to 24 December 2004.

 Austria
16
The minimum age is regulated by each federal state, but is nationwide 16 years. It is illegal in every state to sell or give tobacco products to a person under the age of 16 years as well as the consumption by a person under the age of 16 years in any public place.[198]

 Azerbaijan
None
18
It is illegal to sell tobacco products to anyone under the age of 18 years. The packaging of tobacco products must contain a warning that sale to minors is prohibited.[199]
No minimum age prior to 1 January 2002.

 Belarus
None
18
(Decree No. 28 of 2002 Section 32. "It is banned to sell tobacco products to citizens (by citizens) of the Republic of Belarus, foreign citizens and individuals with no citizenship under 18 years old.")[200]

 Belgium
None
16
("Il est interdit de vendre des produits de tabac aux jeunes de moins de 16 ans et la publicité pour les produits de tabac est interdite.")[201]

 Bosnia and Herzegovina
18
It is illegal to sell and gift tobacco products to anyone under the age of 18 years. It is illegal for minors under the age of 18 years to gift, sell and consume tobacco products.[202]
The minimum age was 15 years prior to 28 September 2004.
No minimum age prior to 9 March 1998.[203]

 Bulgaria
None
18
It is illegal to sell tobacco products to anyone under the age of 18 years.[204]

 Croatia
None
18
It is illegal to sell tobacco products to minors. It is the responsibility of any salesperson to ensure that no tobacco is sold to minors and therefore to request an ID to make sure that the purchaser is at least 18 years of age. Minors may not sell tobacco products.[205]

 Cyprus
None
18
It is illegal to sell or otherwise provide tobacco products to a minor.
"(…)any person who provides a tobacco product to a minor is guilty of offense and in any case of his/her conviction, he/she shall be subject to a penalty not exceeding one thousand pounds or to incarceration not exceeding six months and/or to both penalties."[206]

 Czech Republic
None
18
Selling tobacco products to anyone under 18 is prohibited. Sale of tobacco products and tobacco through vending machines is permitted if the tobacco purchase age is not violated. The seller shall place a clearly visible notice displaying the sale restrictions of tobacco to person under the age of 18. A person selling tobacco must be 18 years or older, unless the minor is preparing for a future career in the hotel or tourism industry, as a cook-waiter or salesman. However, it is very easy to get tobacco products for minors as many sellers don't check the age.[207]
The minimum age was 16 years prior to 2 September 1999.[208]

 Denmark
None
18
The minimum age was 16 years prior to 1 September 2008.[209]

 Estonia
18
The minimum age to purchase tobacco products or to smoke in public is set at 18. Minors may not be in possession of, or handle tobacco products.[210]

 Finland
18
Prior to October 2010 it was not illegal for minors to smoke in public.
The minimum age was 16 years prior to 1 March 1995.[211]

 France
None
18
It is illegal to sell tobacco products to anyone under the age of 18 years. Minors under the age of 18 years may not smoke in any school or on school property.[212] Vending machines outside a tobacco shop is prohibited.
Prior to 21 July 2009 the minimum age to purchase tobacco products was 16 years of age.

 Georgia
None
18
It is illegal to sell tobacco products to minors under the age of 18.[213]

 Germany
18
The Protection of Young Persons Act states that children and young people under 18 years of age shall not be sold tobacco products nor should they be permitted to smoke in public. This does not apply to married adolescents.[214]
Minimum age was 18 from 10 June 1943 until 1 January 1952.[215]
Minimum age was 16 from 1 January 1952 to 1 September 2007.[216]

 Gibraltar
18
It is illegal to sell and furnish tobacco products to anyone under the age of 18 years. Any police officer may confiscate tobacco from a minor in public.[217]
The minimum age was 16 years prior to 7 July 2006.[218]

 Greece
None
18
It is illegal to sell tobacco to minors.[219]

 Hungary
18
It is illegal to sell or supply tobacco products to anyone under the age of 18. It is illegal to smoke under the age of 18. The sale of tobacco is prohibited within 200 m of schools and health care units.

 Iceland
None
18
It is illegal to sell or deliver tobacco products to anyone under the age of 18 years. Minors may not handle or sell tobacco products.[220]
No minimum age prior to 1 January 1985.
The minimum age was 16 years from 1 January 1985 to 1 October 1996.[221]

 Ireland
18
The sale of tobacco to persons under 18 is illegal. It is illegal to buy or smoke cigarettes if you are under the age of 18.[222]
The minimum age was 16 years prior to 27 March 2002.[223]

 Italy
None
18
It is illegal to sell tobacco products to anyone under the age of 18 years. Violation is punished with a fine between €250.00 and €1000.00. If the law is violated more than once the fine is increased to €500.00 and €2,000.00 and a revocation of the tobacco license for at least 3 months.[224][225]

Minimum age for electronic cigarettes was 16 prior to 1 May 2013.[226]

 Kosovo[a]
None
[227]

 Latvia
18
The sale of tobacco products to persons under the age of 18 is prohibited.[228]

 Liechtenstein
16
It is illegal for anyone under the age of 16 to possess or consume tobacco products.[229]

 Lithuania
18
No minimum age to smoke prior to 1 May 2015.

 Luxembourg
None
18
It is illegal to sell tobacco products to anyone under the age of 18 years.[230][231]
No minimum age prior to 1 January 2006.
Minimum purchase age increased from 16 to 18 on 1 August 2017.

 Macedonia
None
18
It is illegal to sell tobacco to anyone under the age of 18 years.[232]

 Malta
None
18
"No person shall sell, supply or distribute by way of compensation or otherwise, any cigarettes, cigars, tobacco, tobacco products or smoking requisites to any person who is under the age of 18 years, or in any manner induce such person to smoke."[233]

 Moldova
None
18
It is illegal to sell tobacco to anyone under the age of 18 years.[234]

 Montenegro
None
18
It is illegal to sell tobacco to anyone under the age of 18. A poster with the sale restrictions must be placed at point of sale.[235]

 Netherlands
None
18
The sale of tobacco to persons under 18 is illegal.[236] Smoking of tobacco is prohibited by law in all public buildings and in public transport. As of 1 January 2004 every employee has the right to work in a smoke-free environment. All forms of tobacco advertising, promotion or sponsorship are prohibited. Smoking remains prevalent in the Netherlands despite these efforts. Tobacco can be bought at every supermarket and at other stores.

 Norway
None
18
No age limit for use of tobacco but no sales of cigarettes or Swedish snus to people under 18 by law.[237] Vending machines are only allowed when they are cited inside an approved store, with a demand of buying a receipt from the cashier first.[237] and imitation tobacco products are not allowed. Cigarette commercials are also strictly forbidden by law. As of June 2004, smoking is prohibited in all public places, including restaurants, pubs and work places.

 Poland
None
18
Minors are not allowed to buy tobacco products.[238]

 Portugal
18
It is illegal to sell or give any tobacco product to a minor as well as the consumption of a tobacco product in any public place by a minor. There is a proposition to ban vending machines in places accessible to people younger than 18.[239]
Minimum age was 16 prior to 1 January 2008.

 Romania
None
18
There is a ban on sale of tobacco to those younger than 18. Vending machines selling tobacco are banned. There is no minimum legal age of smoking.

 Russia
None
18
Retail sales of tobacco products to any person under the age of 18 years are an offence.[240]

 Serbia
None
18
The sale to persons under 18 is prohibited. Contrary to that, a lot of salesmen sell cigarettes to minors in Serbia. Acquiring tobacco products is very easy for minors despite the law.

 Slovakia
None
18
Tobacco sales to under 18 year olds are prohibited.[241]

 Slovenia
None
18
It is illegal to sell tobacco to anyone under the age of 18. ID-Card or passport has to be shown if requested.[242]

 Spain
None
18
It is illegal to sell any tobacco product or other smoking substances (e.g. electronic cigarettes) to a person under the age of 18 years.[243]
Minimum age was 16 in most regions prior to 1 January 2006.

 Sweden
None
18
It is illegal to sell or commercially distribute tobacco to a person under the age of 18 years.[244]
No minimum age prior to 1 January 1997.

  Switzerland

Regulations by canton:

States/territories
Smoking age
Purchase age
Notes

 Aargau
None
16
It is an offence to sell or supply (except for Parents) any tobacco product to a person under 16 years of age.[245]

 Appenzell Ausserrhoden
None
16
It is an offence to sell or supply any tobacco product to a person under 16 years of age.[246]

 Appenzell Innerrhoden
None
No cantonal regulation towards sale and supply of tobacco products to minors.[247]

 Basel-Landschaft
None
18
Selling any tobacco product to a minor is unlawful. If a customer appears to be under the age of 18 years the salesperson must check a valid ID.[248]

 Basel-Stadt
None
18
Selling any tobacco product to a minor is unlawful. If a customer appears to be under the age of 18 years the salesperson must check a valid ID.[249]

 Bern
None
18 (to enter smoking facility or premises)
18
Selling or giving any tobacco product to a minor is unlawful. If a customer appears to be under the age of 18 years the salesperson must check a valid ID.[250]

 Fribourg
None
16
Selling or supplying any tobacco product to a person under the age of 16 is unlawful. If a customer appears to be under the age of 16 years the salesperson must check a valid ID.[251]

 Geneva
None
No cantonal regulation towards sale and supply of tobacco products to minors.[247]

 Glarus
None
16
Selling any tobacco product to a person under the age of 16 is unlawful. If a customer appears to be under the age of 16 years the salesperson must check a valid ID.[252]

 Graubünden
None
16
[253]

 Jura
None
18
It is illegal to sell or supply tobacco to a minor.[254]

 Luzern
None
16
Selling any tobacco product to a person under the age of 16 is unlawful.[255]

 Neuchâtel
None
18
Selling any tobacco product to a minor is unlawful.[256]

 Nidwalden
None
18
Selling any tobacco product to a minor is unlawful.[257]

 Obwalden
None
No cantonal regulation towards sale and supply of tobacco products to minors.[247]

 Schaffhausen
None
18
Selling any tobacco product to a minor is unlawful.[247]

 Schwyz
None
No cantonal regulation towards sale and supply of tobacco products to minors.[247]

 Solothurn
None
16
Selling any tobacco product to a person under the age of 16 is unlawful.[258]

 St. Gallen
None
16
Selling or supplying any tobacco product to a person under the age of 16 is unlawful. If a customer appears to be under the age of 16 years the salesperson must check a valid ID.[259]

 Thurgau
None
16
Selling or supplying any tobacco product to a person under the age of 16 is unlawful. If a customer appears to be under the age of 16 years the salesperson must check a valid ID.[260]

 Ticino
None
18
Selling any tobacco product to a minor is unlawful.[247]

 Uri
None
16
Selling or supplying any tobacco product to a person under the age of 16 is unlawful.[261]

 Valais
None
16
Selling or supplying any tobacco product to a person under the age of 16 is unlawful. Currently the cantonal government is planning to raise the minimum age to 18 years.[262]

 Vaud
None
18
Selling any tobacco product to a minor is unlawful.[263]

 Zug
None
18
Selling any tobacco product to a minor is unlawful.[264]

 Zürich
None
16
Selling or supplying any tobacco product to a person under the age of 16 is unlawful. If a customer appears to be under the age of 16 years the salesperson must check a valid ID.[265]

 Turkey
None
18

 Ukraine
14
18

 United Kingdom

18 (purchase de jure) 16 (public possession & purchase de facto)

 England and  Wales:
It is illegal to sell tobacco to anyone under the age of 18.[266] The minimum age to smoke in public is 16 and authorities have the duty to seize any tobacco or cigarette papers in the possession of any person apparently under the age of 16.[267]
Minimum age to purchase was 16 from 1908 to 1 October 2007.
No minimum age prior to 1908.

18
 Scotland:
A person who sells a tobacco product or cigarette papers to a person under the age of 18 commits an offence. Any person under the age of 18 who buys or attempts to buy a tobacco product or cigarette papers commits an offence as well as an adult who knowlingly buys a tobacco product or cigarette papers on behalf of a person under the age of 18.[268] Any constable who has reasonable grounds for suspecting that a person in a public place is under the age of 18, and in possession of a tobacco product or cigarette papers may require the person to surrender the tobacco product.[269]
Minimum age was 16 prior to 30 September 2007.

18
Northern Ireland:
A person who sells to a person under the age of 18 any tobacco or cigarette papers, whether for his own use or not, shall be guilty of an offence. A member of the Police Service of Northern Ireland may seize any tobacco or cigarette papers in the possession of any person apparently under the age of 18 whom he finds smoking in any street or public place.[270]
Minimum age was 16 prior to 1 September 2008.

text: ^ Disputed.

tag: ol

text: Oceania[edit]

text:
Country
De jure
Notes

Smoking age
Purchase age

 Australia

Regulations by state/territory:

Province/territory
Smoking age
Purchase age
Notes

 Australian Capital Territory
None
18
It is illegal to sell tobacco products to a person under the age of 18 years.[271] Further it is illegal to buy a tobacco product for a minor.[272]

 New South Wales
None
18
It is illegal to sell any tobacco or non-tobacco smoking product to a person who is under the age of 18 years.[273]

 Northern Territory
None
18
It is illegal to sell any tobacco product to a minor or on behalf of a minors. It is illegal to smoke in a vehicle with a person under the age of 18 years present.[274][275]

 Queensland
None
18
It is illegal for an adult to supply a tobacco product to a person under the age of 18 years; however, a responsible adult for a child does not commit an offence by supplying a smoking product to the child.[276]

 South Australia
None
18
It is an offence to supply any tobacco product to a person under the age of 18 years.[277]

 Tasmania
None
18
It is illegal to sell or supply tobacco to a person under the age of 18 years.
Minimum age was 16 prior to 1 January 1997.[278]

 Victoria
None
18
It is illegal to supply tobacco to a minor. Smoking in a vehicle with a person under 18 present is an offence.[279]

 Western Australia
None
18
It is illegal to sell, deliver or supply tobacco or smoking implement to a minor. Purchase on behalf of people under 18 prohibited.[280][281]

 Fiji
None
18
It is illegal to sell and supply tobacco to a minor.[282]

 Micronesia, Federated States of
18
It is illegal to sell and supply tobacco to a minor.

 New Zealand
None
18
It is illegal to sell and supply tobacco to a minor under 18 years.[283]
No minimum age prior to 1903.
Minimum age of 15 years from 1903 to 1988.
Minimum age of 16 years from 1988 to 1998.[284][285]'

 Palau
None
18
21 (Only rolling papers and elaus)
It is illegal to sell or give tobacco products to anyone under the age of 18 years. If the purchaser appears to be under the age of 30 years, ID must be checked before sale. It is illegal to employ anyone under the age of 21 handling tobacco products. It is illegal to sell rolling papers and elaus to anyone under the age of 21 years.[286]

 Papua New Guinea
None
18
It is illegal to sell or give tobacco to a person under the age of 18 years.[287]

 Samoa
21
It is illegal to sell tobacco to anyone under the age of 21 years. It is not illegal for a person under the age of 21 years to possess or smoke tobacco in public.[288]

 Solomon Islands
None
18
It is illegal to sell, give or otherwise supply tobacco to a minor.[289]

 Tonga
None
18
It is illegal to sell, give or otherwise supply tobacco to a minor.[290]

 Tokelau
16
It is illegal for a person under 16 to smoke tobacco.[291]

 Vanuatu
18
It is illegal to sell tobacco to a persons under 18. It is illegal for persons under 18 to smoke tobacco.[292]

text: Historical regulations[edit]

text:
Minimum age to purchase tobacco in the European Union as of 1995:
  Minimum age is 18
  Minimum age is 16
  No minimum age

Minimum age to purchase tobacco in the USA as of 1989:[293]
  Minimum age is 19
  Minimum age is 18
  Minimum age is 17
  Minimum age is 16
  No minimum age

tag: ul