document_title: Chaplet of the Divine Mercy

question_text: when do you pray the chaplet of divine mercy

text: Chaplet of the Divine Mercy

text: History

text: On September 13, 1935, while Faustina was in Vilnius, she wrote of a vision of Jesus about the chaplet in her diary (Notebook 1 item 476).[8][9] Faustina stated that Jesus asked her to pray the chaplet and instruct others to do so. Although the chaplet is said on beads like the Rosary, it is about a third of the length of the Rosary, and unlike the Rosary that has evolved over the years, the form and structure of the chaplet has remained unchanged since Faustina attributed it to a message from Jesus.[9]

text: According to Faustina's visions, written in her diary, the chaplet's prayers for mercy are threefold: to obtain mercy, to trust in Christ's mercy, and to show mercy to others.[6][10][11] Faustina wrote that Jesus promised that all who recite this chaplet at the hour of death or in the presence of the dying will receive great mercy. She wrote that Jesus said:

text: "....When they say this Chaplet in the presence of the dying, I will stand between My Father and the dying not as the just judge but as the Merciful Savior."

text: Faustina stated that Jesus also promised that anything can be obtained with this prayer if it is compatible with His will. In her diary Faustina recounted a vision on September 13, 1935 in which she saw an angel sent to a city to destroy it. Faustina began to pray for God's mercy on the city and felt the strong presence of the Holy Trinity.[11] After she prayed the internally instructed prayers, the angel was powerless to harm the city. In subsequent visions, Faustina learned that the prayers she spoke were to be taught to all the people of the world.[12]

text: According to Roman Catholic tradition, the chaplet may be said at any time, but it is said especially on Divine Mercy Sunday and Fridays at 3:00 PM. The Chaplet is prayed daily at the National Shrine of The Divine Mercy in Stockbridge, Massachusetts. In the Philippines, Singapore, and Hong Kong the "3 o'clock Prayer" is broadcast on radio and television stations daily at 3:00 p.m. In 2000, Pope John Paul II ordained the Sunday after Easter Divine Mercy Sunday, where Roman Catholics remember the institution of the Sacrament of Penance. The hour Jesus died by crucifixion, 3:00 PM (15:00), is called the Hour of Mercy. In a novena, the chaplet is usually said each of the nine days from Good Friday to Divine Mercy Sunday.

text: Pope John Paul II was instrumental in the formal establishment of the Divine Mercy devotion and acknowledged the efforts of the Marian Fathers in its promotion in a Papal Blessing in 2001, the 70th anniversary of the revelation of the Divine Mercy Message and Devotion. Although the prayers said on the beads of the rosary chain share specific similarities between the Chaplet of Divine Mercy and the Chaplet of Holy Wounds, these are distinct chaplets and were introduced over 20 years apart, one in Poland, the other in France.[13]

text: Chaplet

text: Prayers

text: The Chaplet contains several unique prayers.

text: First opening prayer

text: This prayer is optional, and may be used to begin the Chaplet:

text: You expired, Jesus, but the source of life gushed forth for souls, and the ocean of mercy opened up for the whole world. O Fount of Life, unfathomable Divine Mercy, envelop the whole world and empty Yourself out upon us.[14]

text: Second opening prayer

text: This prayer, repeated three times in succession, is also optional, and may be used along with the first opening prayer to begin the Chaplet:

text: O Blood and Water, which gushed forth from the Heart of Jesus as a fountain of Mercy for us, I trust in You![14]

text: Eternal Father

text: This prayer opens each decade of the Chaplet:

text: Eternal Father, I offer you the Body and Blood, Soul and Divinity of Your Dearly Beloved Son, Our Lord, Jesus Christ, in atonement for our sins and those of the whole world.[14]

text: For the sake of His sorrowful Passion

text: This prayer, repeated 10 times in succession, forms the body of each decade of the Chaplet:

text: For the sake of His sorrowful Passion, have mercy on us and on the whole world.[14]

text: Holy God

text: This prayer, repeated three times in succession, concludes the Chaplet:

text: Holy God, Holy Mighty One, Holy Immortal One, have mercy on us and on the whole world.[14]

text: Closing prayer

text: This prayer is optional, and may be used after the Holy God to end the Chaplet:

text: Eternal God, in whom mercy is endless and the treasury of compassion — inexhaustible, look kindly upon us and increase Your mercy in us, that in difficult moments we might not despair nor become despondent, but with great confidence submit ourselves to Your holy will, which is Love and Mercy itself.[14]

text: Structure

text: The chaplet is prayed on ordinary rosary beads that are also used to pray the Dominican Rosary.[14][11] The structure of the Chaplet is as follows:[14][11]

text: The Chaplet is begun on the short strand of the rosary beads:

text:
The sign of the cross on the Crucifix;
The optional first opening prayer on the first large bead;
The optional second opening prayer, repeated three times, still on the first large bead;
The Lord's Prayer on the first small bead;
The Hail Mary on the second small bead; and
The Apostles' Creed on the third small bead.

tag: ul

text: The praying of the decades then follows, repeating this cycle for each:

text:
The Eternal Father on the large bead, with a specific offering each decade; and
The For the sake of His sorrowful Passion on each of the ten adjacent small beads, with other petitions for mercy, emphasizing the offering of the Body and Blood of Christ.

text: To conclude:

text:
The Holy God on the medallion;
The optional closing prayer, still on the medallion;
Any further intentions; and
The sign of the cross.

text: Novena

text: The chaplet may be repeated over a period of nine days as part of a novena. According to Faustina's Diary, Jesus himself in a vision asked that the Divine Mercy Novena be prayed as a preparation for the Feast of the Divine Mercy, celebrated each year on first Sunday after Easter.[15] The novena should begin on Good Friday. There is a prayer intention for specific group of people on each of the nine days. The last day intention, according to Jesus' message to St. Faustina, is the most difficult of all: to pray for the people who are lukewarm and indifferent.[16] Jesus described those people as follows:

text: These souls cause Me more suffering than any others; it was from such souls that My soul felt the most revulsion in the Garden of Olives. It was on their account that I said: "My Father, if it is possible, let this cup pass Me by." The last hope of salvation for them is to flee to My Mercy."[16]

text: The novena intentions for each day are:

text:
All mankind, in particular all sinners.
The souls of priests and the religious.
The souls of the devout and faithful people.
For the non-believers and those who do not yet know Jesus.
The souls of heretics and schismatics.
The souls of "the meek and humble" and for little children.
The souls of people who especially glorify Christ's mercy.
The souls in Purgatory.
Souls who have become lukewarm and indifferent.

tag: ol


document_title: Backboard shattering

question_text: when was the last time an nba backboard broken

root

text: Backboard shattering

text: A backboard shattering is an accident or stunt in basketball. It occurs when a player slam dunks the ball hard enough to break the 1/2" tempered safety glass of the backboard. The stunt has caused games to be canceled or delayed, serious injuries to occur and expensive costs of cleanup and replacement. Shattering a backboard is extremely dangerous, sending shards of glass flying over the players and fans. In the National Basketball Association (NBA), shattering a backboard during a game is penalized with a non-unsportsmanlike conduct technical foul and a possible fine towards the player. The player may not be ejected, nor shall the foul count towards a player's total towards either ejection or suspension.[1]

tag: p

text: Backboard shattering has altered the game in many different ways. In 1967, the dunk was banned in high school and college basketball. The rule-makers claimed the dunk was outlawed to prevent injury and equipment damage. After multiple issues with the new rule, nine years later they allowed the slam dunk to be legal again due to the invention of the breakaway rim.[2] The NBA began using them after Darryl Dawkins shattered two backboards with his slam dunks during the 1979–80 season.[3]

text: Throughout the history of basketball there have always been athletes with the size and strength to slam dunk the ball through the rim. However, the first NBA player to shatter a backboard, Chuck Connors (who would become far more famous as an actor), did not do so with a dunk. When playing for the Boston Celtics in 1946, Connors took a set shot during pregame warmups, hitting the front of the rim. Because an arena worker had failed to place a protective piece between the rim and backboard, the backboard shattered.[4] All-star power forward Gus Johnson of the Baltimore Bullets became famous as a backboard breaker in the NBA, shattering three during his career in the 1960s and early 1970s.[5] In the ABA, Charlie Hentz shattered two backboards in the same game on November 6, 1970, resulting in the game being cancelled.

text: Darryl Dawkins became famous for shattering backboards, and is credited for being the one person to cause the NBA to introduce "breakaway rims". Shaquille O'Neal slam dunked so hard that he broke the supports holding two backboards during games against the New Jersey Nets and the Phoenix Suns during the 1992–93 NBA season.

text: Chris Morris, a former NBA star with the New Jersey Nets, shattered a backboard during a game in 1993;[6] Jerome Lane shattered a backboard during a game in 1988 while playing for the University of Pittsburgh;[7] Blue Edwards shattered a backboard during a Midnight Madness event while he was playing at East Carolina.[8] Bryant Reeves shattered a backboard during team practice/warm-ups prior to their 1995 NCAA tourney game against UCLA.[9] Following the 1992–93 season the NBA increased steel brace strength and increased stability of the backboard to prevent the hoop from falling down after Shaquille O'Neal broke two goal standards the previous season (although the glass remained intact, welds in the goal standard failed). The aforementioned technical foul was also introduced at the time.[10][1] During the NCAA tournament in 1996, Darvin Ham shattered a backboard while playing for Texas Tech against North Carolina.[11] Robert Traylor, while playing for the Michigan Wolverines, shattered a backboard against the Ball State Cardinals in 1996.[12] In 2012, during a preseason exhibition game held in Sassari, Italy, Olympiacos starter and former NBA player Joey Dorsey ended up breaking the glass of a backboard against Dinamo Sassari.[13]


document_title: Beast (Beauty and the Beast)

question_text: what kind of beast is the beast from beauty and the beast

text: Beast (Beauty and the Beast)

text: Development

text: Determining a suitable appearance for the Beast proved challenging. Although entirely fictional, supervising animator Glen Keane felt it essential for the Beast to resemble a creature that could possibly be found on Earth as opposed to an alien. The initial designs had the Beast as humanoid but with an animal head attached as per the original fairy tale, but soon shifted towards more unconventional forms. The earlier sketches of the Beast’s character design are seen as gargoyles and sculptures in the Beast's castle.[1]

text: Inspired by a buffalo head that he purchased from a taxidermy,[2] Keane decided to base the Beast's appearance on a variety of wild animals, drawing inspiration from the mane of a lion, head of a buffalo, brow of a gorilla, tusks of a wild boar, legs and tail of a wolf, and body of a bear. However, he felt it important that the Beast's eyes remain human. In fear that Glen Keane would design the Beast to resemble voice actor Robby Benson, Walt Disney Studios chairman Jeffrey Katzenberg did not allow Keane to see Benson during production of the film.

text: Characteristics

text: The Beast is not of any one species of animal, but a chimera (a mixture of several animals), who would probably be classified as a carnivore overall. He has the head structure and horns of a buffalo, the arms and body of a bear, the eyebrows of a gorilla, the jaws, teeth, and mane of a lion, the tusks of a wild boar and the legs and tail of a wolf. He also bears resemblance to mythical monsters like the Minotaur or a werewolf. He also has blue eyes, the one physical feature that does not change whether he is a beast or a human.

text: As opposed to his original counterpart, Disney gave him a more primal nature to his personality and mannerisms, which truly exploited his character as an untamed animal (i.e. alternating between walking and crawling, animal growls). Producer Don Hahn envisioned that the Beast's psychological state has become increasing feral the longer he was under the curse, such that he would eventually lose his last vestiges of humanity and become completely wild if the spell could not be broken. Hahn's idea doesn't manifest prominently in the finished 1991 animated film, since the Beast is only seen in a brief scene some time after his transformation while much of the narrative starts during the later period of the curse.

text: In the original tale, the Beast is seen to be kind-hearted for the most part, and gentleman-like, with only an occasional tendency to be hot-tempered. Disney's interpretation of the Beast made him more constantly angry and depressed, due to the shame from his unkind actions which led to his transformation, and particularly his struggle of reconciling his hideous appearance with his inner humanity which made him feel hopeless about breaking the curse. Supervising animator Glen Keane describes The Beast as "a twenty-one-year-old guy who's insecure, wants to be loved, wants to love, but has this ugly exterior and has to overcome this."[3] Upon his reform under his love interest Belle, his personality changes to refined and more even-tempered, while naive about the world at the same time.

text: To reflect his early personality, the Beast is seen shirtless, with ragged, dark gray breeches, and a ragged reddish-colored cape with a golden colored circular-shaped clasp. Despite the actual color of his cape being a dark reddish color, the Beast's cape is more often referenced to be purple (and in most of the Beast's subsequent appearances after the film, such as Beauty and the Beast: The Enchanted Christmas or the Kingdom Hearts games, his cape is colored purple). The reason for this change in color is unknown, although the most likely reason is that the color purple is often associated with royalty. After the Beast saves Belle from a pack of wolves, his dress-style changes to become more formal and disciplined, reflecting a more refined personality as he attempts to win Belle's friendship and love. His most referenced form of dress is his ballroom outfit, which consisted of a golden vest over a white dress shirt with a white kerchief, black dress pants trimmed with gold, and a royal blue ballroom tail coat trimmed with gold, worn during the film's ballroom dance sequence.

text: The blue tail coat outfit is retained after he was restored back to human, which is meant to be a stark contrast to the royal regalia and armor he was depicted in before his curse. His human form is that of a tall and slender young man with auburn hair and soft cream colored skin while also retaining his bright blue eyes. As human he is simply known as the "Prince", as supervising animator Glen Keane stated that everyone on the production was too busy to give him an alternative name, however some licensed works such as the trivia video game The D Show (1998) have named him "Prince Adam". Disney has come to embrace the name, as seen in multiple pieces of merchandise as well as a plaque hung up in 2012 (and still hangs there as of 2017) in Walt Disney World's Port Orleans Riverside Royal Rooms that clearly states his name as "Prince Adam." [4]

text: Appearances

text: Beauty and the Beast

text: A handsome young prince lives in a luxurious castle in France. He has everything he ever wanted, and as a result, he is spoiled, selfish and unkind. One night, his kindness is put to the test when a beggar woman comes to the castle and asks for shelter from the freezing cold, with a single rose as payment. When he shuns the beggar for her repulsive appearance, she then reveals her true form as a beautiful enchantress. Seeing her beauty and realizing her power, the Prince tries to apologize but she transforms him into a terrifying beast-like creature for his arrogance. She also casts a spell on the entire castle, transforming it into a dark, foreboding place, its lush green grounds into dangerous immortal wolf-infested woods, and the good-natured servants into anthropomorphic household objects to reflect their different personalities. Ashamed of his new appearance, the Beast conceals himself inside his castle with a magic mirror as his only window to the outside world, and an enchanted rose that would act as the curse's timer which would bloom until he turns 21. If the Beast could learn to love a woman and earn her love in return before the final petal fell off the rose, the curse would be broken, but if not he would remain a beast forever. The Beast turns to despair as the years pass by, with little hope of achieving this.

text: As the enchanted rose reaches late bloom and slowly wilts, the first outsider is an old man named Maurice who accidentally stumbles upon the castle, being allowed inside by the servants for shelter. However, the Beast detains Maurice in the tower as a prisoner for trespassing. Maurice's horse returns back to the village, and then takes Maurice's daughter Belle back to the castle. In the tower Belle confronts Beast and pleads with him to let her father go, offering herself as a prisoner instead, to which the Beast agrees in return for her promise never to leave. Being prodded by his servants into believing that she is the key to breaking the spell, the Beast shows flashes of compassion for the first time despite his overall gruff manner. For instance, he feels some remorse for ejecting her father without a proper farewell, and as an atonement he lets her stay in a furnished room rather than the tower dungeon and places the servants at her disposal. When she enters the castle's forbidden west wing and nearly touches the rose, he frightens her into fleeing the castle via the woods, which he regrets upon realizing that he lost his temper, then he saves her from being killed by wild wolves. The Beast and Belle come to appreciate each other when she brings him back to the castle and tends to his wounds. He strikes up a friendship with her, by giving her the castle library and learns kindness and manners from her. Eventually, the Beast falls in love with Belle, and placing her happiness before his own, he releases her to tend to her sick father, a decision that disheartens him upon realizing that she had not yet returned his love which means that the curse remains unbroken.

text: A mob from the village comes to storm the castle and kill the Beast, led by a rival suitor named Gaston. Beast is too miserable from Belle's departure to respond to a challenge from Gaston, although his servants manage to beat back the villagers. Upon seeing Belle's return to the castle, the Beast's mood is roused and he duels Gaston upon the castle rooftops. The Beast uses guile to make up for his lack of weaponry, and remains unfazed by frequent taunts from Gaston, who proclaims that handsome appearance is the entitlement to Belle. The Beast eventually overpowers Gaston and intends to drop him until the hunter begs him not to. Not wanting to sink to Gaston's level of behavior, the Beast decides to show mercy and spare Gaston on the condition that he immediately leave the castle. Belle then shows up on the balcony and the Beast climbs up to meet her; however Gaston refuses to accept defeat and stabs the Beast from behind. Gaston loses his balance and falls from the castle roof to his death, but Belle manages to grab the Beast and pull him up. The Beast, knowing he is mortally wounded, expresses his appreciation to Belle for returning and being able to see her one last time, before falling unconscious and apparently succumbing to his injuries. Belle is able to tell the Beast that she loves him before the final petal falls. Then, Belle's declaration of love for the Beast breaks the spell and transforms him back into the prince.

text: In this film, which takes place not long after the Beast rescued Belle from the wolves, much to Beast's frustration, Belle wants to celebrate Christmas and throw a real Christmas party. Beast hates the idea of Christmas, for it was the very day almost ten years ago when the Enchantress cast the spell on him and the entire castle. (In contrast to the 1991 animated film where the Prince is depicted in stained-glass windows wearing royal regalia and armor before being cursed, the Prince in Enchanted Christmas is dressed simply in a white shirt and black breeches prior to his transformation.) While Beast sits most of the preparations out, a treacherous servant plots to have Belle thrown out of the castle: Forte the Pipe Organ, since he is far more appreciated by the Beast while under the spell.

text: Unknown to Beast, Belle writes him a special book which he doesn't see until later on. She also meets Forte later on in a chance meeting. Forte tells her that Beast's favorite Christmas tradition was the Christmas tree. Belle becomes frustrated, for no tree she has seen on the grounds has been tall enough to hang ornaments. Forte lies to Belle, saying that a perfect tree can be found in the woods beyond the castle. Reluctant to go against Beast's orders that she never leave the castle, Belle leaves nonetheless in order to find the perfect tree. When Belle does not arrive to see Beast's Christmas present to her, he begins to suspect that she isn't there at all. When Cogsworth, having been ordered to retrieve Belle, explains that the household cannot find her, Beast becomes enraged. He goes to Forte to ask for advice, and Forte lies that Belle has abandoned him. Beast manages to find Belle and saves her in time from drowning after she fell through thin ice.

text: Still believing that Belle disobeyed him by breaking her promise not to leave, Beast locks her into the dungeons to rot. But when Forte goads him into destroying the rose to end his suffering, Beast finds Belle's book in the West Wing and reads it, coming to his senses and realizing that all Belle wants is for him to be happy. Releasing Belle from the dungeon and asking for her forgiveness, Beast prepares to join in the Christmas festivities. But Forte doesn't give up and even goes as far as to attempt to destroy the entire castle with Beethoven's 5th. Fortunately, Beast finds him in time and destroys his keyboard with Franz Schubert's Symphony No 8. Losing his balance (and his pipes), Forte falls from the wall he is leaned up against and is silenced forever. Later, the castle and servants are arrayed in Christmas decorations when Belle and the Beast do their famous ballroom dance from the first film.

text: The story flashes forward to the first Christmas after the spell is broken. The Prince and Belle give Chip, Mrs. Potts' son, a book to read, which he loves. As the Prince and Belle come out to the balcony, he gives her a rose as a gift.

text: Belle's Magical World

text: In the final entry of the franchise, made up of four segments from a presumably failed television series, Belle teaches the Beast a thing or two about life itself, consideration and manners. He appears only in the first and fourth segments, and in a cameo in the third. In the first part, The Perfect Word, Beast and Belle have a bitter falling out at dinner when the Beast demands that Cogsworth open the windows to cool him down, despite the fact that he is the only one hot and there is a cold wind, and angrily strikes his servant, Webster, a long-tongued dictionary. Despite Lumiere and Cogsworth's pleas, Beast refuses to apologise for his behaviour, until Webster, Crane and LePlume forge a letter of apology from the Beast to Belle. All is settled, until the Beast realises that it was a forgery. He furiously banishes Webster, Crane and LePlume from the castle, but Belle brings them back from the woods, and the Beast soon learns to forgive them, as their intentions were good.

text: In the fourth part, The Broken Wing, the Beast loses his temper with Belle again when she brings an injured bird into the castle, as he dislikes birds. As he tries to chase the bird out, however, he falls over on the stairs and hits his head hard, stripping him of his hatred for birds. However, his selfishness still remains, and he locks the bird in a cage in his room, demanding that it sing for him whenever he demands it. The bird, terrified, refuses, until Belle teaches the Beast that the bird will only sing when happy. The Beast lets the bird out, and learns to consider others before himself.

text: Earlier on, in the third segment, Mrs. Potts' Party, the Beast makes several cameos sleeping in his bed in the West Wing. Dialogue between Lumiere and Cogsworth shows that he had spent the entire previous night mending leaks in the castle roof, and is still resting. An argument between Lumiere and Cogsworth about Mrs. Potts' favourite flowers lead to them having to hide several bunches of flowers around the Beast's bed. At one point, the Beast begins to smell one of the flowers and almost wakes up, but it is removed just in time, and he falls asleep again.

text: In other media

text: Beast appears as a major Disney character in the bestselling video game series Kingdom Hearts.

text: Kingdom Hearts

text: In the first Kingdom Hearts, during a time in which the spell had not yet broken, Beast's home is attacked by the Heartless, led by Maleficent, who take Belle captive. Determined to rescue Belle, Beast goes as far as to exploit the power of darkness and risk his own life to transport himself to Hollow Bastion, where Belle is being held captive with the other six Princesses of Heart. Upon arriving in Hollow Bastion, Beast is confronted by Riku, who challenges him to a duel and easily defeats him. Beast is saved at the last minute by Sora, Donald and Goofy, who are looking for Kairi. Allying himself with Sora, since Donald and Goofy have temporarily joined Riku, Beast fights the Heartless and protects Sora while they work their way into the Hollow Baston castle. Entering the castle, Beast, Sora, Donald and Goofy fight their way through until they encounter and defeat Maleficent, who transforms into her dragon form and challenges them once again, only to be defeated once more. The four heroes find Kairi, but the circumstances cause Sora, Donald, Goofy and Kairi to leave Hollow Bastion, and Beast states that he will not leave without Belle. Later on, Beast encounters Sora once again when he returns to Hollow Bastion to lock the Keyhole. During their second search, Beast and Sora find Belle, who embraces Beast and presents Sora with the Divine Rose Keychain. In the Final Mix version of the game, Beast allies himself with Sora once again to fight and defeat Xemnas (then known as "Unknown").

text: Kingdom Hearts: Chain of Memories

text: In Kingdom Hearts: Chain of Memories, Beast is merely a figment of Sora's memories. He is once again separated from Belle, courtesy of Maleficent, but once more, Beast defeats Maleficent with Sora's help and rescues Belle.

text: Kingdom Hearts II

text: After Sora defeats Ansem, all the previously attacked worlds are restored, including Beast's Castle. Afterwards, Beast and Belle return to their home to carry on with their lives. However, the peace is shattered once again when Beast is approached by Xaldin of Organization XIII to do his bidding. Xaldin is determined to manipulate Beast into becoming a Heartless. If that happens, Beast will not only become a strong Heartless which Sora would have to destroy and feed to Kingdom Hearts, but also leave behind a powerful Nobody for Xaldin to use as he wishes (just like what happened to Xehanort). Manipulated and controlled, Beast is forced to allow the Heartless into the castle and lock the entire servant staff in the dungeons, with Belle too scared to intervene. Beast starts mistreating Belle. When Sora, Donald and Goofy arrive, they are encountered by Beast, who attacks them without hesitation. Sora wins the battle, and Beast comes back to his senses thanks to his servants who were released by Sora. Xaldin appears to flee. Later on, during a ball, Xaldin returns and steals the rose, throwing Beast into a depression and causing him to ask Belle and Sora to leave his castle. However a pep talk from Sora spurs him back into action. Xaldin confronts them and sends his Nobodies at them. They fight the Nobodies off, but Xaldin escapes to the castle drawbridge with Belle and the rose. Belle manages to escape from Xaldin's clutches with the rose, and Xaldin is then killed by Beast, Sora, Donald and Goofy. Belle gives Beast the rose but he is more relieved that she wasn't hurt. Beast then bids a grateful farewell to Sora, and returns to a normal life with Belle, until the spell is finally broken and Beast turns back into a human at the end of the game (a scene witnessed during the game's credits following completion). Beast's Limit attack for Kingdom Hearts II is Twin Howl, where he and Sora violently roar together and slash at enemies furiously.

text: Kingdom Hearts 358/2 Days

text: In Kingdom Hearts 358/2 Days, Beast appears along with his homeworld again. The missions in Beast's Castle chronicle some of the events that occurred between Kingdom Hearts and Kingdom Hearts II, such as Belle and Beast attempting to resume their normal lives and Beast's first encounter with Xaldin.

text: Broadway musical

text: The Beast appears in the Broadway musical adaptation of Disney's Beauty and the Beast, originally portrayed by Terrence Mann.[5] Other actors who have taken on the role include Chuck Wagner (1997),[5] James Barbour (1998), Jeff McCarthy (2004), and Steve Blanchard.[6]

text: The D Show

text: The movie and others never made mention of his real name. A CD-ROM game[7] said "The Prince's name is Adam."

text: Once Upon a Time

text: In the 2011 ABC series Once Upon a Time, the show's version of "the Beast" is actually another fairy tale character, Rumplestiltskin (played by Robert Carlyle), who gains possession of Belle as part of a deal to save Belle's kingdom from losing a war.

text: I (film)

text: Indian actor Vikram portrayed Beast for sequences in a dreamy song "Ennodu Nee Irundhal" in the 2015 Tamil language film "I" opposite Amy Jackson who portrayed Belle.[8] The original prosthetic make-up for the characters were provided by Sean Foot (Shaun) and Davina Lamont and additional works were done by National Film Award winners—Christien Tinsley and Dominie Till.[9][10]

text: Beauty and the Beast (2017 live action film)

text: In March 2015, English actor Dan Stevens was cast as the Beast in a live-action adaptation of the film, which was released on March 17, 2017.[11] The Beast was portrayed with a “more traditional motion capture puppeteering for the body and the physical orientation", where Stevens was "in a forty-pound gray suit on stilts for much of the film". The facial capture for the Beast was done separately order to "communicate the subtleties of the human face" and "[capture the] thought that occurs to him" which gets "through [to] the eyes, which are the last human element in the Beast.”[12]

text: The live-action portrayal closely follows the animated version, but with some differences. The backstory is expanded and reveals that the Prince's mother died of an illness when he was a boy, leaving his father to raise him. He eventually grew up to be as vain, self-centered and arrogant as his father, and he taxed the villagers of his kingdom harshly.

text: The Prince was hosting a debutante ball at his castle when a beggar woman appeared at his castle and offered a single rose as payment for shelter from an oncoming storm. The Prince turned her away twice, prompting the beggar to reveal herself to be an enchantress. The Enchantress placed a powerful spell upon the kingdom, turning the Prince into a beast and the servants into animated household objects, while also wiping all memory of the castle from the nearby village's inhabitants. If the Beast was unable to love another and earn that person's love in return, by the time the last petal on the enchanted rose fell, he would remain a beast forever, and in addition his servants would become inanimate antiques.

text: The live-action version of the Beast is quite civilized in personality and mannerisms, in contrast to the Beast in the animated film which was originally quite primal in behavior. Although the Beast does not seem to have become increasing feral the longer the enchantment runs, in contrast to his animated counterpart from 1991 (reflecting Don Hahn's original intent for the Beast eventually grow wild if he never met Belle), it is his transformed servants who are gradually losing their remaining humanity while the castle deteriorates.

text: The last rose petal falls before the curse is broken; however, upon seeing Belle profess her love for the Beast, the enchantress reveals herself and lifts the spell on the castle and its inhabitants. Afterward, Prince and Belle host a ball for all the villagers.


document_title: Matt Campbell (American football coach)

question_text: where did iowa state football coach come from

text: Matt Campbell (American football coach)

text: Playing career[edit]

text: Campbell was born in Massillon, Ohio. Rick, his father, coached football at Massillon Jackson High School.[1] Matt played football at rival Massillon Perry, which won three conference championships while he was on the team.[2] Campbell initially attended the University of Pittsburgh on a scholarship in 1998, but transferred to the University of Mount Union after a year.[3] At Mount Union Campbell played on the defensive line between 1999–2002.[4] At Mount Union Campbell played for head coach Larry Kehres, whose teams won three Division III championships during Campbell's career. Campbell himself was twice named to the College Football All-America Team and named Ohio Athletic Conference Defensive Lineman of the Year.[5]

text: Coaching career[edit]

text: After college, Campbell stayed within Ohio and took a job as a graduate assistant at Bowling Green State University from 2003–2004.[6] While at Bowling Green Scott Pioli, then the director of player personnel for the New England Patriots, offered Campbell an interview for a job at the team, but Campbell declined.[2] Campbell returned to Mount Union for 2005–2006 as offensive coordinator; Mount Union won the Division III championship both years.[6] Campbell then went back to Bowling Green for two years, first as offensive line coach (2007) and then as offensive line coach/run game coordinator (2008). The University of Toledo hired him as the run game coordinator for the 2009 season. This move reunited him with head coach Tim Beckman, defensive coordinator at Bowling Green during Campbell's first stint there.[7]

text: Toledo[edit]

text: Toledo promoted Campbell to offensive coordinator in 2010. Toledo made Campbell the permanent head coach at the end of 2011 when Beckman departed for the University of Illinois. He was 32 years old and the youngest head coach in the Football Bowl Subdivision.[8] Two weeks into the job, Toledo defeated Air Force in the Military Bowl.[2] Reportedly Campbell passed on a chance to serve on Urban Meyer's staff at The Ohio State University.[9] Campbell coached four full seasons at Toledo: 2012–2015, amassing a record of 35–15.[4] The 2015 team peaked at No. 20 in the AP Poll, including a victory over Arkansas.[9]

text: Iowa State[edit]

text: Iowa State University named Campbell its head coach on November 29, 2015, his 36th birthday, replacing the fired Paul Rhoads. Iowa State Cyclones head coach Matt Campbell signed a six-year, $22.5 million extension with the school on November 27th 2017.[10] On November 30th, 2017, Campbell was named the Big 12 Coach of the Year.[11]

text: Head coaching record[edit]

text:
Year
Team
Overall
Conference
Standing
Bowl/playoffs
Coaches#
AP°

Toledo Rockets (Mid-American Conference) (2011–2015)

2011
Toledo
1–0
0–0

W Military

2012
Toledo
9–4
6–2
T–2nd (West)
L Famous Idaho Potato

2013
Toledo
7–5
5–3
T–3rd (West)

2014
Toledo
9–4
7–1
T–1st (West)
W GoDaddy

2015
Toledo
9–2
6–2
T–1st (West)
Boca Raton*

Toledo:
35–15
24–8
* Departed Toledo for Iowa State before bowl game

Iowa State Cyclones (Big 12 Conference) (2016–present)

2016
Iowa State
3–9
2–7
9th

2017
Iowa State
8–5
5–4
T–4th
W Liberty

Iowa State:
11–14
7–11

Total:
46–29

      National championship         Conference title         Conference division title or championship game berth

†Indicates Bowl Coalition, Bowl Alliance, BCS, or CFP / New Years' Six bowl.
#Rankings from final Coaches Poll.
°Rankings from final AP Poll.

tag: table

text: Coaching tree[edit]

text: Assistant coaches under Matt Campbell who became NCAA head coaches:

text:
Tom Matukewicz: Southeast Missouri State (2014–present)
Jason Candle: Toledo (2016–present)


document_title: Only the Brave (2017 film)

question_text: where is the movie only the brave filmed

text: Only the Brave (2017 film)

text: Premise[edit]

text: A drama based on the elite crew of firefighters battling the Yarnell Hill Fire, a wildfire in Yarnell, Arizona in June 2013.

text: Cast[edit]

text: The Granite Mountain Hotshots[edit]

text:
Josh Brolin as Eric "Supe" Marsh, Amanda’s husband
Miles Teller as Brendan "Donut" McDonough
James Badge Dale as Jesse Steed
Alex Russell as Andrew Ashcraft
Scott Foxx as Travis Carter
Dylan Kenin as Robert Caldwell
Ryan Busch as Dustin DeFord
Sam Quinn as Grant McKee
Taylor Kitsch as Chris MacKenzie
Kenny Miller as Sean Misner
Thad Luckinbill as Scott Norris
Ben Hardy as Wade Parker
Nicholas Jenks as John Percin, Jr.
Jake Picking as Anthony "Baby-G" Rose
Matthew Van Wettering as Joe Thurston
Geoff Stults as Travis Turbyfill
Ryan Jason Cook as William Warneke
Scott Haze as Clayton Whitted
Michael McNulty as Kevin Woyjeck
Brandon Bunch as Garret Zuppiger

text: Others[edit]

text:
Jennifer Connelly as Amanda Marsh, Eric’s wife
Jeff Bridges as Duane Steinbrink, Marvel’s husband
Andie MacDowell as Marvel Steinbrink, Duane's wife
Natalie Hall as Natalie Johnson
Rachel Singer as Mrs. McDonough, Brendan's mother
Brytnee Ratledge as Juliann Ashcraft
Pell James as Claire Caldwell
Jenny Gabrielle as Desiree Steed
Barbie Robertson as Marsena Thurston
Jade Kammerman as Stephanie Turbyfill

text: Production[edit]

text: On March 1, 2016, Josh Brolin and Miles Teller joined the cast of the film.[7] Jeff Bridges and Taylor Kitsch also joined the cast.[8]

text: Principal photography on the film began on June 13, 2016, in New Mexico at different locations in and around Santa Fe and Los Alamos.[9][10][11]

text: Music[edit]

text: Joseph Trapanese composed the film's score. Dierks Bentley released a single called "Hold The Light", featuring S. Carey. The single and the music video was released on October 6, 2017.[12]

text: Release[edit]

text: Only the Brave, originally titled Granite Mountain, was originally scheduled to be released on October 20, 2017, by Sony Pictures. Before that the film was set a release date for September 22, 2017, but a disagreement between Lionsgate and production company Black Label Media saw the distribution rights change to Sony.[13] Lionsgate will retain international rights in select countries for the film.[3] The trailer came out on July 19, and the film was retitled Only the Brave.[14]

text: Box office[edit]

text: As of December 17, 2017[update], Only the Brave has grossed $18 million in the United States and Canada, and $5 million in other territories, for a worldwide total of $23 million, against a production budget of $38 million.[5]

text: In the United States and Canada, Only the Brave was released alongside Boo 2! A Madea Halloween, The Snowman and Geostorm, and was expected to gross around $7 million from 2,575 theaters in its opening weekend.[15] It made $305,000 from Thursday night previews and $2.1 million on its first day. It ended up debuting to $6 million, finishing 5th at the box office.[16] In its second week the film dropped 42.5% to $3.4 million, finishing 7th.[17]

text: Critical response[edit]

text: On review aggregator website Rotten Tomatoes, the film has an approval rating of 89% based on 131 reviews, with an average rating of 7.1/10. The site's critical consensus reads, "Only the Brave's impressive veteran cast and affecting fact-based story add up to a no-frills drama that's just as stolidly powerful as the real-life heroes it honors."[18] On Metacritic, which assigns a normalized rating to reviews, the film has a weighted average score of 72 out of 100, based on 33 critics, indicating "generally favorable reviews".[19] Audiences polled by CinemaScore gave the film an average grade of "A" on an A+ to F scale.[16]

text: Bilge Ebiri of Village Voice wrote, "Only the Brave is a visually splendid, spellbinding, and surreal movie that also happens to be an emotionally shattering, over-the-top ugly-cry for the ages."[20] Todd McCarthy of The Hollywood Reporter called the film "an engaging account of a tragic real-life story."[21]

text: Richard Roeper of the Chicago Sun-Times gave the film 3.5 out of 4 stars, saying: "The blending of practical effects and CGI is impressive, and we come to understand the risks these men are taking, but some of the techniques and approaches they take remain a mystery, up to and through the climactic fire. Not that we need a manual to understand these men were working-class, everyday heroes."[22] Scott Menzel of We Live Entertainment, also praised the film, saying, "Only the Brave is without question the best firefighter film since Backdraft and one that pays tribute to the brave men that sacrificed their own lives to protect thousands of others."[23]


document_title: Touchdown

question_text: how many points are scored for a touchdown in american football

text: Touchdown

text: Description[edit]

text: To score a touchdown, one team must take the football into the opposite end zone. The touchdown is scored the instant the ball crosses the plane of the goal line (that is, if any part of the ball is in the space on, above, or across the goal line) while in possession of a player whose team is trying to score in that end zone. The play is dead and the touchdown scores the moment the ball crosses the goal line in possession of a player, or the moment the ball comes into possession of an offensive player in the end zone (having established possession by controlling the ball and having both feet or another part of the body, excluding the hands, touch the ground). The slightest part of the ball being over the goal line is sufficient for a touchdown to score. However, only the ball counts, not a player's helmet, foot, or any other part of the body. Touching one of the pylons at either end of the goal line with the ball constitutes "breaking the plane" as well.

text: Touchdowns are usually scored by the offense by running or passing the ball. However, the defense can also score a touchdown if they have recovered a fumble or made an interception and return it to the opposing end zone. Special teams can score a touchdown on a kickoff or punt return, or on a return after a missed or blocked field goal attempt or blocked punt. In short, any play in which a player legally carries the ball across the goal line scores a touchdown, and the manner in which he gained possession is inconsequential. In the NFL, a touchdown may be awarded by the referee as a penalty for a "palpably unfair act," such as a player coming off the bench during a play and tackling the runner, who would otherwise have scored.[1]

text: A touchdown is worth six points. The scoring team is also awarded the opportunity for an extra point or a two-point conversion.[2] Afterwards, the team that scored the touchdown kicks off to the opposing team, if there is any time left.

text: Unlike a try scored in rugby, and contrary to the event's name, the ball does not need to touch the ground when the player and the ball are inside the end zone, although in gridiron's early days the ball was required to be touched to the ground as in rugby, as rugby and gridiron were extremely similar sports at this point. This rule was changed to the modern-day iteration in 1889.

text: History[edit]

text: When the first uniform rules for American football were enacted by the newly formed Intercollegiate Football Association following the 1876 Rugby season, a touchdown counted for 1⁄4 of a kicked goal (except in the case of a tie) and allowed the offense the chance to kick for goal by placekick or dropkick from a spot along a line perpendicular to the goal line and passing through the point where the ball was touched down, or through a process known as a "punt-out", where the attacking team would kick the ball from the point where it was touched down to a teammate. If the teammate could fair catch the ball, he could follow with a try for goal from the spot of the catch, or resume play as normal (in an attempt to touch down the ball in a spot more advantageous for kicking). The governing rule at the time read: "A match shall be decided by a majority of touchdowns. A goal shall be equal to four touchdowns; but in case of a tie a goal kicked from a touchdown shall take precedence over four touchdowns."[3]

text:
In 1881, the rules were modified so that a goal kicked from a touchdown took precedence over a goal kicked from the field in breaking ties.[3]
In 1882, four touchdowns were determined to take precedence over a goal kicked from the field. Two safeties were equivalent to a touchdown.[3]
In 1883, points were introduced to football, and a touchdown counted as four points. A goal after a touchdown also counted as four points.[3]
In 1889, the provision requiring the ball to actually be touched to the ground was removed. A touchdown was now scored by possessing the ball beyond the goal line.[3]
In 1897, the touchdown scored five points, and the goal after touchdown added another point.[3]
In 1900, the definition of touchdown was changed to include situations where the ball becomes dead on or above the goal line.[3]
In 1912, the value of a touchdown was increased to six points. The end zone was also added. Before the addition of the end zone, forward passes caught beyond the goal line resulted in a loss of possession and a touchback.[3] (The increase from five points to six did not come until much later in Canada, and the touchdown remained only five points there until 1956.)

text: The ability to score a touchdown on the point-after attempt (two-point conversion) was added to NCAA football in 1958, high school football in 1969, the CFL in 1975 and the NFL in 1994.[3][4] The short-lived World Football League, a professional American football league that operated in 1974 and 1975, gave touchdowns a 7-point value.


document_title: Latin Mass

question_text: when did they stop saying mass in latin

question_tokens: when did they stop saying mass in latin

text: Latin Mass

text: Tridentine Mass in Latin[edit]

text: The term "Latin Mass" is frequently used to denote the Tridentine Mass, that is, the Roman-Rite liturgy of the Mass celebrated in Latin and in accordance with the successive editions of the Roman Missal published between 1570 and 1962.

text: In most countries, the Tridentine Mass was celebrated only in Latin. However, there are exceptions. In early seventeenth-century China, Jesuit missionaries secured permission from Pope Paul V to celebrate the Catholic Mass in Chinese, as part and parcel of the Jesuits' general effort to adapt their work to the local Chinese cultural norms and conditions.[1] In Dalmatia and parts of Istria, the liturgy was celebrated in Church Slavonic, and authorization for use of this language was extended to some other Slavic regions between 1886 and 1935.[2][3] There, "Tridentine Mass" was not synonymous with "Latin Mass".

text: A further distancing between the concepts of "Tridentine Mass" and "Latin Mass" was brought about by the 1964 Instruction on implementing the Constitution on Sacred Liturgy of the Second Vatican Council, which laid down that "normally the epistle and gospel from the Mass of the day shall be read in the vernacular". Episcopal conferences were to decide, with the consent of the Holy See, what other parts, if any, of the Mass were to be celebrated in the vernacular.[4] Permissions were thus granted from 1967 onwards to celebrate most of the Tridentine Mass in vernacular languages, including the Canon.

text: Present Roman-Rite Mass in Latin[edit]

text: Neither the Second Vatican Council nor the subsequent revision of the Roman Missal abolished Latin as the liturgical language of the Roman Rite: the official text of the Roman Missal, on which translations into vernacular languages are to be based, continues to be in Latin, and Latin can still be used in the celebration.[5] The term "Latin Mass" is sometimes applied to such celebrations, which in some places are part of the normal Sunday schedule.

text: Other forms of Mass in Latin[edit]

text: Historically speaking, "Latin Mass" can be applied also to the various forms of Pre-Tridentine Mass from about the year 190 of Pope Victor, when the Church in Rome changed from Greek to Latin.[6]

text: Latin liturgical rites other than the Roman Rite have used Latin, and in some cases continue to do so. These include the Ambrosian Rite and the Mozarabic Rite. Some priests and communities continue to use non-Roman-Rite liturgies that have been generally abandoned, such as the Carmelite Rite and the Dominican Rite, celebrating them in Latin. Celebration in Latin of such rites is sometimes referred to as "Latin Mass".[7]

text: Other uses[edit]

text: A Traditionalist Catholic periodical in the United States is entitled The Latin Mass, the Journal of Catholic Culture and Tradition.

text: Various editions of the Anglican Book of Common Prayer have been translated into Latin: for example, for use in the Universities of Oxford and Cambridge (Liber Precum Publicarum of Walther Haddon, 1560). The Church of the Advent of Christ the King, an Anglo-Catholic parish in San Francisco, regularly celebrates Mass according to the 1979 Prayer Book of its province, the Episcopal Church, in Latin.