document_title: Once Upon a Time (season 3)

question_text: once upon a time season 3 where is ruby

question_tokens: once upon a time season 3 where is ruby

text: Once Upon a Time (season 3)

text: Premise[edit]

text: After Henry is kidnapped, Emma, Regina, David, Mary Margaret, Mr. Gold, and Hook travels to Neverland to save him. New allies are made while in Neverland as the heroes attempt to defeat Peter Pan and the Lost Boys, who are trying to restore Neverland’s magic with Henry’s heart. As they attempt to work with one another as heroes and villains, secrets are revealed, including the identity of Mr. Gold’s father, who is none other than Peter Pan. Their time in Neverland results in Peter Pan returning with them to Storybrooke, where he unleashes Regina’s original curse with hopes to make Storybrooke the new Neverland. As the heroes and Peter Pan collide, a sacrifice is made, with everyone returning to the Enchanted Forest but Emma and Henry. However, a year later, everyone is returned to Storybrooke via another curse as the Wicked Witch of the West has plans of her own. Emma and Henry is brought back to Storybrooke to help break the latest curse to defeat the Wicked Witch of the West, which leads to a trip to the past with dire consequences.

text: Cast and characters[edit]

text: Regular[edit]

text:
Ginnifer Goodwin as Snow White / Mary Margaret Blanchard
Jennifer Morrison as Emma Swan
Lana Parrilla as Evil Queen / Regina Mills
Josh Dallas as Prince Charming / David Nolan
Emilie de Ravin as Belle / Lacey
Colin O'Donoghue as Captain Hook / Killian Jones
Michael Raymond-James as Baelfire / Neal Cassidy
Jared S. Gilmore as Henry Mills
Robert Carlyle as Rumplestiltskin / Mr. Gold

text: Recurring[edit]

text:
Beverley Elliott as Widow Lucas / Granny
Sean Maguire as Robin Hood
Robbie Kay as Malcolm / Peter Pan / Pied Piper
Lee Arenberg as Dreamy / Grumpy / Leroy
Gabe Khouth as Sneezy / Tom Clark
Parker Croft as Felix
Rebecca Mader as Wicked Witch of the West / Zelena
David Paul Grove as Doc
Rose McIver as Tinker Bell
Faustino Di Bauda as Sleepy / Walter
Keegan Connor Tracy as Blue Fairy / Mother Superior
Raphael Sbarge as Jiminy Cricket / Dr. Archie Hopper
Mig Macario as Bashful
Jeffrey Kaiser as Dopey

Michael Coleman as Happy
Sarah Bolger as Princess Aurora
JoAnna Garcia Swisher as Ariel
Meghan Ory as Red Riding Hood / Ruby
Freya Tingley as Wendy Darling
Chris Gauthier as William Smee
David Anders as Dr. Victor Frankenstein / Dr. Whale
Julian Morris as Prince Phillip
Gil McKinney as Prince Eric
Christopher Gorham as Wizard of Oz / Walsh
James Immekus as Michael Darling
Matt Kane as John Darling

text: Guest[edit]

text:
Jamie Chung as Mulan
Giancarlo Esposito as Sidney Glass / Magic Mirror
Dylan Schmid as Young Baelfire
Charles Mesure as Blackbeard
Sunny Mabrey as Glinda
Stephen Lord as Malcolm
Christie Laing as Marian
Ethan Embry as Greg Mendell
Sonequa Martin-Green as Tamara
Bernard Curry as Liam Jones
Skyler Gisondo as Devin
Wyatt Oleff as Young Rumplestiltskin
Marilyn Manson voices Peter Pan's Shadow
Alexandra Metz as Rapunzel
Henri Lubatti as Lumiere
Rose McGowan as Cora
David de Lautour as Jonathan
Eric Lange as Prince Leopold
Yvette Nicole Brown voices Ursula the Sea Goddess
Matreya Scarrwener as Dorothy Gale
Anastasia Griffith as Princess Abigail / Kathryn Nolan
Tony Amendola as Geppetto / Marco
Alex Zahara as King Midas
Eric Keenleyside as Maurice / Moe French
Jack di Blasio as Lost Boy

text: Episodes[edit]

text:
No.
overall
No. in
season
Title
Directed by
Written by
Original air date
U.S. viewers
(millions)

45
1
"The Heart of the Truest Believer"
Ralph Hemecker
Edward Kitsis & Adam Horowitz
September 29, 2013 (2013-09-29)
8.52[2]

In Neverland, Henry befriends a fugitive boy who guides him around the jungle, informing him of the sinister Peter Pan and his Lost Boys. At the same time, Emma, her parents, Regina, Mr. Gold, and Hook successfully arrive in Neverland, and must face each other's differences to work together and retrieve a missing Henry, though Gold has other plans. Meanwhile, in the Enchanted Forest, a wounded Neal attempts to find a way to learn of Emma's whereabouts, with help from Aurora, Phillip, and Mulan.

46
2
"Lost Girl"
Ron Underwood
Andrew Chambliss & Kalinda Vazquez
October 6, 2013 (2013-10-06)
8.00[5]

Emma comes face to face with the evil Peter Pan, who begins his first game with the group to locate Henry that involves Emma facing her true identity. Meanwhile, Mr. Gold gets an unexpected visitor in the dark jungle who helps him with his troubling thoughts about his looming prophecy; Gold also is haunted by a mysterious straw doll that follows him everywhere. Back in the Enchanted Forest that was, the Evil Queen Regina threatens to remove Snow White from her kingdom in order to adhere to the throne herself.

47
3
"Quite a Common Fairy"
Alex Zakrzewski
Jane Espenson
October 13, 2013 (2013-10-13)
7.53[6]

Peter Pan begins to reveal to Henry the real reason why he was brought to Neverland, while his family begin to realize that Pan is tricking them. Meanwhile in the Enchanted Forest, Neal enlists Robin Hood, his son, and Mulan to get to Neverland. In the characters' pasts, Regina begins to grow tired of her loveless marriage, and ends up attracting the attention of a rebellious green fairy named Tinker Bell.

48
4
"Nasty Habits"
David Boyd
David H. Goodman & Robert Hull
October 20, 2013 (2013-10-20)
7.05[7]

Neal teams up with his father to find a way to retrieve Henry in the jungle, whilst also managing to settle their mistakes. But with Gold's constant struggle with his theories of the prophecy, Neal becomes suspicious of his father's true intentions. Elsewhere in the jungle, Emma and the group find an item of Neal's that could prove useful in finding an escape off of the island. Back in the Enchanted Forest that was, Bae disappears from Rumplestiltskin's strong view, leading him to the town of Hamelin where children are being reported missing by effect of a mysterious tune.

49
5
"Good Form"
Jon Amiel
Christine Boylan & Daniel T. Thomsen
October 27, 2013 (2013-10-27)
7.23[8]

Hook tries to save David when dreamshade poisoning takes a toil. Elsewhere, Snow and Regina work to capture a lost boy and communicate with Henry. In flashbacks, Hook and his brother go looking for a plant.

50
6
"Ariel"
Ciaran Donnelly
Edward Kitsis & Adam Horowitz
November 3, 2013 (2013-11-03)
7.55[9]

Learning that Neal is alive, Emma and the others enter Echo Cave to rescue him. Inside, they are forced to reveal their darkest secrets to one another. Regina separates from the group beforehand and meets up with Gold, saving him from Pan's shadow in disguise as Belle. Together, Regina and Gold devise a plan to defeat Pan and save Henry. Meanwhile, in the Enchanted Forest that was, Snow White is rescued from drowning by a mermaid named Ariel, and then helps Ariel meet her true love, Prince Eric.

51
7
"Dark Hollow"
Guy Ferland
Kalinda Vazquez & Andrew Chambliss
November 10, 2013 (2013-11-10)
6.71[10]

Emma, Neal and Hook travel to the darkest part of Neverland to capture Pan's shadow, but the mission is jeopardized by the men fighting over Emma's attention. Elsewhere on the island, Peter Pan steps up his game in manipulating Henry, using a captive Wendy Darling to do so. Meanwhile, Ariel is sent to Storybrooke by Mr. Gold and Regina to help Belle find Pandora's Box, an artifact powerful enough to defeat Pan.

52
8
"Think Lovely Thoughts"
David Solomon
David H. Goodman & Robert Hull
November 17, 2013 (2013-11-17)
6.66[11]

Emma's group reunites with Regina and Mr. Gold, and they learn from Wendy what Pan's true objectives are. If Henry willingly gives him his heart, then Pan will become immortal and Henry will die. Determined to prevent this, the group heads for Skull Rock to save Henry at last. Meanwhile, in the distant past, a young Rumplestiltskin is granted a second chance at a happy life with his wastrel father. But Rumplestiltskin's father has a different idea of a better future for himself...

53
9
"Save Henry"
Andy Goddard
Christine Boylan & Daniel T. Thomsen
December 1, 2013 (2013-12-01)
6.64[12]

Henry is dying, and Pan is slowly absorbing Henry's heart into his own. Emma, Mary Margaret, and Regina have no choice but to attack Pan head-on, but this will not be a task easily accomplished. Meanwhile, 11 years ago, Regina finds a way to adopt the infant Henry to be her son in Storybrooke.

54
10
"The New Neverland"
Ron Underwood
Andrew Chambliss
December 8, 2013 (2013-12-08)
6.94[13]

The group returns to Storybrooke in triumph, and it looks like they might have a chance at a peaceful life from now on. But things are not as they appear, and soon a great danger makes itself known. Meanwhile, in the Enchanted Forest that was, Prince Charming wants to enjoy a honeymoon with his new wife, but Snow White is too distraught over the Evil Queen's vow of revenge and seeks a way to do something about it.

55
11
"Going Home"
Ralph Hemecker
Edward Kitsis & Adam Horowitz
December 15, 2013 (2013-12-15)
6.44[14]

Pan is in Henry's body, and plans on casting the dark curse once and for all to create a new Neverland, as no one can age under it. Emma and the others try to stop this, but it may come with the ultimate sacrifice on everyone's part. In character's past, however, we learn of the many events that lead up to the unveiling of Emma's destiny.

56
12
"New York City Serenade"
Billy Gierhart
Edward Kitsis & Adam Horowitz
March 9, 2014 (2014-03-09)
7.66[15]

Emma and Henry have been living in New York for the past year, though they believe it's been ten. All this is changed when Captain Hook comes knocking at their door, telling Emma that she is needed in a town she has forgotten, and a year ago in the Enchanted Forest, the fairy tale characters try to rebuild their home, but find that none other than the Wicked Witch of the West is in charge now.

57
13
"Witch Hunt"
Guy Ferland
Jane Espenson
March 16, 2014 (2014-03-16)
7.75[16]

With her memory restored, Emma and Henry have come back to Storybrooke to help Regina and the others find out who has recast the dark curse. Mary Margaret is also pregnant, and her midwife is none other than the Wicked Witch, Zelena. In the forgotten year, Regina discovers an unexpected connection with the Wicked Witch.

58
14
"The Tower"
Ralph Hemecker
Robert Hull
March 23, 2014 (2014-03-23)
6.91[17]

While looking for the identity of the Wicked Witch, Charming finds that he is being pursued by a hooded figure. This may be the same hooded figure he encountered in the forgotten year, when he found a tower in the middle of the forest as the inheritance of the long-haired Rapunzel.

59
15
"Quiet Minds"
Eagle Egilsson
Kalinda Vazquez
March 30, 2014 (2014-03-30)
6.64[18]

In the forgotten year, Neal and Belle find a candlestick holder named Lumiere, who may be the key to helping them restore Rumplestiltskin back to life. In present day Storybrooke, Rumplestiltskin is a slave to Zelena, who has the dark one's dagger. Neal is also found, but something is wrong with him that even he doesn't understand. Also, Regina meets Robin Hood and is startled when she sees his lion tattoo. Emma and David found out Rumplestiltskin who's looking crazy in the forest of Storybrooke. Later, they find out that Rumple and Neal are in each of the body. Neal sacrificed himself to separate his father from his body, so that his father can tell the savior who the Wicked Witch really is. In sorrow, Rumple told Emma that the Wicked Witch is Zelena. Emma and David go back to Mary Margaret and tell her about Zelena, whom she's thinking would help her when she gives birth to her child. They find her, but didn't find out where she had been. She was in the forest giving orders to Rumple to get back into the cage where she keeps him.

60
16
"It's Not Easy Being Green"
Mario Van Peebles
Andrew Chambliss
April 6, 2014 (2014-04-06)
7.26[19]

With Zelena's identity as the Wicked Witch of the West revealed, she challenges her half-sister Regina to a duel in the town square. Meanwhile, many years ago, a young Zelena tries to find her place in the world. With advice and some silver slippers from the Wizard of Oz, she goes to the Enchanted Forest, in order to be trained in sorcery by none other than Rumplestiltskin.

61
17
"The Jolly Roger"
Ernest Dickerson
David H. Goodman
April 13, 2014 (2014-04-13)
6.50[20]

Ariel returns to Storybrooke and asks Hook to help her find Prince Eric, who never returned to the town when the new curse was cast. Emma agrees to let Regina teach her how to use magic so that she can help defeat Zelena, and Mary Margaret and David try to prove that they can be just as much fun as Hook is with Henry. Meanwhile, in The Enchanted Forest during the past year, an angry Ariel confronts Hook over her missing Prince Eric, who she assumes was kidnapped and possibly killed by the pirate. But when Hook confesses that the Jolly Roger has been stolen, Ariel unknowingly provides him with a clue as to who the other pirate is, and Hook with Ariel go off in search of his ship.

62
18
"Bleeding Through"
Romeo Tirone
Jane Espenson & Daniel T. Thomsen
April 20, 2014 (2014-04-20)
5.95[21]

Zelena steals Regina's heart, so Regina enacts a spell to speak to her dead mother, Cora, to discover the truth about her and Zelena's past. Belle tries to figure out what Zelena's ultimate end game is. Meanwhile, in the Fairytale Land, young Cora is fooled by a man who claims being a prince and finds herself alone and pregnant. A chance meeting with a real prince will lead Cora to the royal life she's always craved, but she must keep her pregnancy a secret or risk losing everything.

63
19
"A Curious Thing"
Ralph Hemecker
Edward Kitsis & Adam Horowitz
April 27, 2014 (2014-04-27)
7.34[22]

Zelena threatens to kill Henry if Hook doesn't kiss Emma, and things begin to heat up between Regina and Robin Hood. Meanwhile, back in the Enchanted Forest, Snow and Charming go in search of Glinda, the Good Witch of the South, to see if she can help them defeat Zelena. It is also revealed who cast the curse that ultimately sent the Fairy Tale characters back to Storybrooke.

64
20
"Kansas"
Gwyneth Horder-Payton
Andrew Chambliss & Kalinda Vazquez
May 4, 2014 (2014-05-04)
6.86[23]

All of the residents of Storybrooke try to prevent Zelena from getting Snow's newborn baby, which is very close to arriving, because Zelena plans to use the baby to travel back in time and rewrite her destiny, while obliterating Regina and Snow White's family from existence. In the past of the land of Oz, Glinda tries to convince Zelena to fight the evil within her, and to join her and her sisters, the other good witches who protect Oz. Additionally, a young girl from Kansas is introduced who threatens to be Zelena's undoing, and ultimately factors into Zelena's final decision.

65
21
"Snow Drifts"
Ron Underwood
David H. Goodman & Robert Hull
May 11, 2014 (2014-05-11)
6.80[24]

Everyone in Storybrooke joins Mary Margaret and David as they prepare to crown their newborn son, while the time-travel portal that Zelena created before her apparent demise comes to life, and takes Emma and Hook back to the Enchanted Forest, before the events of the original curse. Emma and Hook must find a way to return to Storybrooke. But in their quest to return, they accidentally ruin Snow and Charming's first meeting, and they must repair the timeline with Rumplestiltskin's help, before it is too late to undo the damage.

Note: This episode was aired together with "There's No Place Like Home" as a 2-hour special.

66
22
"There's No Place Like Home"
Ralph Hemecker
Edward Kitsis & Adam Horowitz
May 11, 2014 (2014-05-11)
6.80[24]

Emma's and Hook's plan takes a turn for the worse when Regina captures Emma for "aiding" Snow White, and when it turns out that Snow White had been unable to steal Prince Charming's true marriage ring, which was the catalyst for the 2 of them falling in love. After a daring rescue involving the enlistment of one of Snow's friends, Snow White finds herself in a pinch, in which death seems inevitable. However, she barely manages to escape, and Emma and Hook eventually manage to get her parents back together, repairing the timeline. After some issues with the time portal, Emma is able to regain her magic and reopen it, although she also brings Maid Marian to Storybrooke , unknown to the residents of Storybrooke, Emma and Hook have unknowingly brought back someone who could forever alter the course of Storybrooke's future, and portending the rise of a new threat, the magic of whom even Rumplestiltskin fears.

Note: This episode was aired together with "Snow Drifts" as a 2-hour special.

text: Production[edit]

text: Development[edit]

text: On May 10, 2013, after the success of Disney's 2013 film Oz the Great and Powerful, ABC renewed Once Upon a Time for a third season, which premiered on September 29, 2013. The same month, it was revealed that the season will feature crossover episodes connecting with the upcoming spin-off series Once Upon a Time in Wonderland.[25] In August 2013, it was announced that the season would be split into two parts, with the first eleven episodes premiering from September 29 to December 2013, while the second half would broadcast from March 9 to May 2014.[26]

text: The first eleven episodes were set primarily in Neverland;[27] co-creators Adam Horowitz and Edward Kitsis spoke about the setting of the third season stating, "Neverland is a land of belief, a land of imagination, and a land where all our main characters are being stripped down to their core. It’s really allowing us, as writers, to dig deep into who they are and to push them forward to new places. I think being in Neverland is going to have a profound effect on each of the characters. It’s really fun to see these characters and dig deep this year and explore what it’s like for Emma to [be with] her parents. Neverland is really a place where we can sit down and think about that."[28] The two also noted that Peter Pan will feature in the season but will be a more "complicated" version of the character, with Kitsis saying, "We have not yet met Peter Pan and we have not yet seen Neverland, and that is where we're going!"[29] In a further interview, Horowitz stated, "Well for us, Neverland is kind of a place that makes you confront your past. It's sort of the heart of darkness and to be a 200-year-old person, you know because you don't grow up there, you have to keep yourself amused. However long Peter Pan has been there and for whatever reason he has been there, we intend to reveal our take on that and on the legend of Peter Pan. We have a way that it intertwines with our Once Upon a Time mythology that we're really excited to unveil."[30] At Disney's D23 Expo event, the creators hinted at romantic sparks between Emma Swan and Captain Hook, and revelations about how Hook became a pirate.[27] On March 10, 2014, the producers revealed that they may look ahead at incorporating characters from the films The Princess and the Frog, Brave, and Frozen in future episodes, possibly towards the end of the third season if they get the green light from Disney.[31] Later that month, it was announced that the season finale will air on May 11, 2014 and have a duration of two hours.[32]

text: Casting[edit]

text: In May 2013, it was revealed that season two regular Meghan Ory (Red Riding Hood/Ruby) would be departing the show to star in CBS's upcoming sci-fi drama Intelligence. However, Ory stated that she would still be open for more episodes on the show as a guest member.[33] Ory later made appearances in episodes twelve and thirteen of the season. The same month, it was announced that Michael Raymond-James (Baelfire/Neal Cassidy) had been promoted from a recurring cast member to a series regular for the season.[34] In July 2013, it was reported that Giancarlo Esposito (The Genie/Magic Mirror/Sidney Glass) would be returning to the series, following his absence from season two.[35] In the same month, it was announced that the role of Robin Hood had been recast from Tom Ellis to Sean Maguire. Adam Horowitz stated, "Although we love Tom Ellis, unfortunately he wasn’t available. We remain huge fans of his, but because we have an arc planned for the character, we had to move forward."[36] British actor Robbie Kay played the role of the villain for the first half of the season: Peter Pan.[37] On July 29, it was reported that Rose McIver had been cast as Tinker Bell. Adam Horowitz and Edward Kitsis teased an unexpected introduction for the well-known character, saying, "It's taking the icon and putting our spin on it. How we introduce her, and who she is, is hopefully going to be surprising because we're going to find she has a surprising connection to someone."[29] For episode five, Bernard Curry played a guest role as Captain Hook's brother Liam, while a member of the Lost Boys called Devin was portrayed by Skyler Gisondo.[38] Joanna Garcia was cast as Ariel from The Little Mermaid.[27][39] On September 3, 2013, Gil McKinney was cast in the recurring role of Prince Eric.[40] On October 18, 2013, it was revealed that the American musician Marilyn Manson would voice the character of The Shadow.[41] On October 21, British actor Stephen Lord was announced to be playing Rumplestiltskin's father, Malcolm.[42] He featured in the eighth and eleventh episodes of the season.[43]

text: For the second half of the season, Rebecca Mader was cast as the major villain, Zelena, The Wicked Witch of the West.[44] Alexandra Metz was cast as Rapunzel, who will be rescued by Prince Charming.[45] Rose McGowan will return as a young Cora for the season's eighteenth episode,[46] while the introduction of a young King Leopold as a Prince played by Eric Lange, and the return of Princess Eva (played by Eva Bourne) will also be featured.[47] Charles Mesure was cast as Blackbeard in January 2014, to appear in one episode as an enemy of Captain Hook.[48] In February 2014, a casting call was opened for an actress in her mid to late twenties to recur as Glinda the Good Witch, who is described as elegant, warm and benevolent, as well as wise, clever and shrewd. However, years of isolation have made her lonely and cautious — though at her core, she is a steadfastly filled with optimism. It was later announced that Sunny Mabrey was cast as the character.[49]

text: After Once Upon a Time in Wonderland was canceled, it was reported that Michael Socha, who plays the Knave of Hearts, was in talks to join the main cast in Season 4.[50] On April 2014, it was confirmed that Michael Socha will become a regular for Once Upon a Time's fourth season.[51]

text: Promotion[edit]

text: On September 12, 2013, ABC released the original cast promotional photos for the season. However, due to fan backlash, the photos were removed.[52] Instead, new photos were promoted via social networking outlets with the tag-line '#SaveHenry'. The second half of the season used the tag-line "#WickedIsComing" for promotion pre-release and "#WickedVsEvil" during its run from March – May 2014.

text: Filming[edit]

text: Set in Neverland, filming of the first half of season three was shot in a versatile set inside a Vancouver soundstage, re-dressed to represent up to twelve different tropical locales, including the camps of Peter Pan, Mr. Gold and the other residents of Storybrooke. The expensive set took a month to construct and was inspired by both Disney's animated Peter Pan movie and the Ewok village from Return of the Jedi. Foliage wrangler Sarah McCulloch spoke of the set-up saying, "It took us five days to assemble all the plants. We have 200 real plants that have to be watered and pruned every day and heated at night, 30 actual tree stumps and 450 fake branches" to which silk leaves were added.[53] The Storybrooke scenes were again shot in Steveston, British Columbia, Canada.

text: Ratings[edit]

text:
No.
Title
Air date
Rating/share
(18–49)
Viewers
(millions)
DVR
(18–49)
DVR viewers
(millions)
Total
(18–49)
Total viewers
(millions)

1
"The Heart of the Truest Believer"
September 29, 2013
2.6/7
8.52[2]
1.2
2.54
3.8
11.06[54]

2
"Lost Girl"
October 6, 2013
2.6/7
8.00[5]
1.2
N/A
3.8[55]
N/A

3
"Quite a Common Fairy"
October 13, 2013
2.4/6
7.53[6]
1.1
N/A
3.5[56]
N/A

4
"Nasty Habits"
October 20, 2013
2.1/5
7.05[7]
1.3
2.55
3.4
9.60[57]

5
"Good Form"
October 27, 2013
2.2/6
7.23[8]
1.2
N/A
3.4[58]
N/A

6
"Ariel"
November 3, 2013
2.3/6
7.55[9]
1.2
2.70
3.5
10.25[59]

7
"Dark Hollow"
November 10, 2013
2.1/5
6.71[10]
1.3
2.68
3.4
9.39[60]

8
"Think Lovely Thoughts"
November 17, 2013
1.9/5
6.66[11]
1.2
2.59
3.1
9.25[61]

9
"Save Henry"
December 1, 2013
1.9/5
6.64[12]
1.3
2.59
3.2
9.22[62]

10
"The New Neverland"
December 8, 2013
2.1/5
6.94[13]
1.1
2.44
3.3
9.38[63]

11
"Going Home"
December 15, 2013
1.9/5
6.44[14]
1.2
2.50
3.1
8.94[64]

12
"New York City Serenade"
March 9, 2014
2.4/7
7.66[15]
1.0
N/A
3.4[65]
N/A

13
"Witch Hunt"
March 16, 2014
2.4/7
7.75[16]
1.3
2.68
3.7
10.43[66]

14
"The Tower"
March 23, 2014
2.1/6
6.91[17]
1.2
2.62
3.3
9.53[67]

15
"Quiet Minds"
March 30, 2014
2.1/6
6.64[18]
1.1
2.56
3.2
9.21[68]

16
"It's Not Easy Being Green"
April 6, 2014
2.4/6
7.26[19]
1.1
2.45
3.5
9.71[69]

17
"The Jolly Roger"
April 13, 2014
2.0/6
6.50[20]
1.2
2.58
3.2
9.08[70]

18
"Bleeding Through"
April 20, 2014
1.7/5
5.95[21]
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A

19
"A Curious Thing"
April 27, 2014
2.2/6
7.34[22]
1.0
2.09
3.2
9.43[71]

20
"Kansas"
May 4, 2014
2.1/6
6.86[23]
1.1
2.32
3.2
9.19[72]

21
"Snow Drifts"
May 11, 2014
2.3/7
6.80[24]
1.2
2.59
3.5
9.39[73]

22
"There's No Place Like Home"
May 11, 2014
2.3/7
6.80[24]
1.2
2.59
3.5
9.39[73]


document_title: Don't Tell Mom the Babysitter's Dead

question_text: the cast of don't tell mom the babysitter's dead

question_tokens: the cast of do n 't tell mom the babysitter 's dead

root

text: Don't Tell Mom the Babysitter's Dead

text: Plot[edit]

text: Sue Ellen Crandell (Christina Applegate) is a 17-year-old high school graduate who, due to a lack of funds, cannot go to Europe for the summer with her friends. She is about to head to college in the fall. However, when her mother goes on a vacation to Australia with her boyfriend, Sue Ellen looks forward to an entire summer of freedom with her siblings: slacker/drug addict Kenny (Keith Coogan), 14-year-old ladies' man Zach (Christopher Pettiet), 13-year-old tomboy Melissa (Danielle Harris), and 11-year-old TV fanatic Walter (Robert Hy Gorman).[2] Much to Sue Ellen's dismay, her mother hires a live-in babysitter, Mrs. Sturak, a seemingly sweet, humble old woman who assures Mrs. Crandell that she can take care of all five children. As soon as Mrs. Crandell leaves, Mrs. Sturak shows her true colors as an evil tyrant, quickly drawing the ire of the children. However, she later dies of a heart attack. When her body is discovered by Sue Ellen, the children agree to stuff the babysitter in a trunk and drop her off at a local funeral home and keep her car. They discover that the envelope given to Mrs. Sturak by their mother with their summer money is empty; she had it on her when they delivered her body to the funeral home.

tag: p

text: With no money to pay the family's bills, Sue Ellen finds work at a fast food restaurant called Clown Dog. Despite a budding relationship with her co-worker named Bryan, she quits because of the obnoxious manager. Sue Ellen then forges a résumé under the guise of a young fashion designer and applies at General Apparel West (GAW), hoping to secure a job as a receptionist. However, Rose Lindsey (Joanna Cassidy), a company executive, finds her résumé so impressive that she offers Sue Ellen a job as an administrative assistant, much to the chagrin of Carolyn, a receptionist on Rose's floor who was initially in line for the job. While having dinner at a restaurant that night, Mrs. Sturak's car is stolen by drag queens, forcing Sue Ellen to call in a favor from Bryan to bring them home. Sue Ellen then obtains the keys to her mother's Volvo, and begins stealing from petty cash at GAW to support the family, intending to return it when she receives her paycheck.

text: At work, Sue Ellen has to balance the adult responsibilities thrust upon her while still trying to enjoy herself as a teenager. The double life strains her relationship with Bryan when she discovers that he and Carolyn are brother and sister. Sue Ellen then finds herself tested when she learns that GAW is in danger of going out of business. She takes it upon herself to create a new clothing line and Rose suggests holding a fashion show to exhibit their new designs. Sue Ellen offers to host the party, convincing her siblings to help clean up the house, beautify the yard, and act as caterers. Although she manages to pull off the party, it comes to an end when Mrs. Crandell comes home early and catches Sue Ellen in the act, forcing her to confess her lie in front of everyone. While apologizing to Rose after the party, Sue Ellen learns that her unique designs had saved GAW. Rose then offers the real Sue Ellen the job as her personal assistant, which she respectfully declines in favor of going to college first. Rose tells Sue Ellen that she can "pull some strings" to get her in to Vassar and they make plans to get together for dinner.

text: In the end, Sue Ellen and Bryan make up, but are soon interrupted by Mrs. Crandell, who inquires about Mrs. Sturak's whereabouts. As the credits roll, the scene cuts away to the cemetery, where two morticians look over a gravestone that reads "Nice Old Lady Inside, Died of Natural Causes."

text: Filming[edit]

text: The house that was used in this movie is located in Canyon Country, California.

text: Cast[edit]

text:
Christina Applegate as Sue Ellen "Swell" Crandell
Joanna Cassidy as Rose Lindsey
John Getz as Gus Brandon
Keith Coogan as Kenneth "Kenny" Crandell
Josh Charles as Bryan
Concetta Tomei as Mrs. Crandell
David Duchovny as Bruce
Kimmy Robertson as Cathy Henderson
Jayne Brook as Carolyn
Eda Reiss Merin as Mrs. Sturak
Robert Hy Gorman as Walter Crandell
Danielle Harris as Melissa Crandell
Christopher Pettiet as Zach Crandell
Jeff Bollow as Mole
Michael Kopelow as Hellhound
Dan Castellaneta (voice) as Animated Mrs. Sturak

tag: ul

text: Soundtrack[edit]

text:
"Draggin' the Line", performed by Beat Goes Bang
"Perfect World", performed by Alias
"What She Don't Know", performed by Flame
"Keep the Faith", performed by Valentine
"Chains", performed by Lorraine Lewis
"I Only Have Eyes For You", performed by Timothy B. Schmit
"The Best Thing", performed by Boom Crash Opera
"Viva La Vogue", performed by Army of Lovers
"Stampede", performed by Brad Gillis
"Bitter", performed by Terrell
"Life's Rich Tapestry", performed by Modern English
"Children of the Fire", performed by Mike Reeves
"Runnin' on Luck Again", performed by Valentine
"Gimme Some Money", performed by Spinal Tap
"As Time Goes By", written by Herman Hupfield
"(Love Is) The Tender Trap", lyrics and music Sammy Cahn and Jimmy Van Heussen
"Twilight Zone Theme", written by Marius Constant

text: Reception[edit]

text: Review aggregation website Rotten Tomatoes gives the film a score of 31% based on reviews from 26 critics, with an average score of 4/10.[3] The New York Post called Don't Tell Mom the Babysitter's Dead the best teen hit of 1991.[citation needed]

text: Remake[edit]

text: In June 2010, reports surfaced that a remake of the film, produced by The Mark Gordon Company, is currently in the works. As of December 2017, further details are unknown.[4]


document_title: Sympathetic nervous system

question_text: what does the adrenal gland produce that is necessary for the sympathetic nervous system to function

text: Sympathetic nervous system

text: Structure[edit]

text: There are two kinds of neurons involved in the transmission of any signal through the sympathetic system: pre-ganglionic and post-ganglionic. The shorter preganglionic neurons originate from the thoracolumbar region of the spinal cord specifically at T1 to L2~L3, and travel to a ganglion, often one of the paravertebral ganglia, where they synapse with a postganglionic neuron. From there, the long postganglionic neurons extend across most of the body.[4]

text: At the synapses within the ganglia, preganglionic neurons release acetylcholine, a neurotransmitter that activates nicotinic acetylcholine receptors on postganglionic neurons. In response to this stimulus, the postganglionic neurons release norepinephrine, which activates adrenergic receptors that are present on the peripheral target tissues. The activation of target tissue receptors causes the effects associated with the sympathetic system. However, there are three important exceptions:[5]

text:
Postganglionic neurons of sweat glands and chromaffin cells of the adrenal medulla. Postganglionic neurons of sweat glands release acetylcholine for the activation of muscarinic receptors, except for areas of thick skin, the palms and the plantar surfaces of the feet, where norepinephrine is released and acts on adrenergic receptors.
Chromaffin cells of the adrenal medulla are analogous to post-ganglionic neurons; the adrenal medulla develops in tandem with the sympathetic nervous system and acts as a modified sympathetic ganglion. Within this endocrine gland, pre-ganglionic neurons synapse with chromaffin cells, triggering the release of two transmitters: a small proportion of norepinephrine, and more substantially, epinephrine. The synthesis and release of epinephrine as opposed to norepinephrine is another distinguishing feature of chromaffin cells compared to postganglionic sympathetic neurons.[6]
Postganglionic sympathetic nerves terminating in the kidney release dopamine, which acts on dopamine D1 receptors of blood vessels to control how much blood the kidney filters. Dopamine is the immediate metabolic precursor to norepinephrine, but is nonetheless a distinct signaling molecule.[7]

tag: ol

text: Organization[edit]

text: Sympathetic nerves arise from near the middle of the spinal cord in the intermediolateral nucleus of the lateral grey column, beginning at the first thoracic vertebra of the vertebral column and are thought to extend to the second or third lumbar vertebra. Because its cells begin in the thoracic and lumbar regions of the spinal cord, the sympathetic nervous system is said to have a thoracolumbar outflow. Axons of these nerves leave the spinal cord through the anterior root. They pass near the spinal (sensory) ganglion, where they enter the anterior rami of the spinal nerves. However, unlike somatic innervation, they quickly separate out through white rami connectors (so called from the shiny white sheaths of myelin around each axon) that connect to either the paravertebral (which lie near the vertebral column) or prevertebral (which lie near the aortic bifurcation) ganglia extending alongside the spinal column.

text: To reach target organs and glands, the axons must travel long distances in the body, and, to accomplish this, many axons relay their message to a second cell through synaptic transmission. The ends of the axons link across a space, the synapse, to the dendrites of the second cell. The first cell (the presynaptic cell) sends a neurotransmitter across the synaptic cleft where it activates the second cell (the postsynaptic cell). The message is then carried to the final destination.

text: Presynaptic nerves' axons terminate in either the paravertebral ganglia or prevertebral ganglia. There are four different paths an axon can take before reaching its terminal. In all cases, the axon enters the paravertebral ganglion at the level of its originating spinal nerve. After this, it can then either synapse in this ganglion, ascend to a more superior or descend to a more inferior paravertebral ganglion and synapse there, or it can descend to a prevertebral ganglion and synapse there with the postsynaptic cell.

text: The postsynaptic cell then goes on to innervate the targeted end effector (i.e. gland, smooth muscle, etc.). Because paravertebral and prevertebral ganglia are relatively close to the spinal cord, presynaptic neurons are generally much shorter than their postsynaptic counterparts, which must extend throughout the body to reach their destinations.

text: A notable exception to the routes mentioned above is the sympathetic innervation of the suprarenal (adrenal) medulla. In this case, presynaptic neurons pass through paravertebral ganglia, on through prevertebral ganglia and then synapse directly with suprarenal tissue. This tissue consists of cells that have pseudo-neuron like qualities in that when activated by the presynaptic neuron, they will release their neurotransmitter (epinephrine) directly into the bloodstream.

text: In the sympathetic nervous system and other components of the peripheral nervous system, these synapses are made at sites called ganglia. The cell that sends its fiber is called a preganglionic cell, while the cell whose fiber leaves the ganglion is called a postganglionic cell. As mentioned previously, the preganglionic cells of the sympathetic nervous system are located between the first thoracic segment and third lumbar segments of the spinal cord. Postganglionic cells have their cell bodies in the ganglia and send their axons to target organs or glands.

text: The ganglia include not just the sympathetic trunks but also the cervical ganglia (superior, middle and inferior), which sends sympathetic nerve fibers to the head and thorax organs, and the celiac and mesenteric ganglia (which send sympathetic fibers to the gut).

text:
Autonomic nervous supply to organs in the human body edit

Organ
Nerves[8]
Spinal column origin[8]

stomach

PS: anterior and posterior vagal trunks
S: greater splanchnic nerves

T6, T7, T8, T9, sometimes T10

duodenum

PS: vagus nerves
S: greater splanchnic nerves

T5, T6, T7, T8, T9, sometimes T10

jejunum and ileum

PS: posterior vagal trunks
S: greater splanchnic nerves

T5, T6, T7, T8, T9

spleen

S: greater splanchnic nerves

T6, T7, T8

gallbladder and liver

PS: vagus nerve
S: celiac plexus
right phrenic nerve

T6, T7, T8, T9

colon

PS: vagus nerves and pelvic splanchnic nerves
S: lesser and least splanchnic nerves

T10, T11, T12 (proximal colon)
L1, L2, L3, (distal colon)

pancreatic head

PS: vagus nerves
S: thoracic splanchnic nerves

T8, T9

vermiform appendix

nerves to superior mesenteric plexus

T10

kidneys and ureters

PS: vagus nerve
S: thoracic and lumbar splanchnic nerves

T11, T12

tag: table

text: Information transmission[edit]

text: Messages travel through the sympathetic nervous system in a bi-directional flow. Efferent messages can trigger changes in different parts of the body simultaneously. For example, the sympathetic nervous system can accelerate heart rate; widen bronchial passages; decrease motility (movement) of the large intestine; constrict blood vessels; increase peristalsis in the oesophagus; cause pupillary dilation, piloerection (goose bumps) and perspiration (sweating); and raise blood pressure. One exception is with certain blood vessels such as those in the cerebral and coronary arteries, which dilate (rather than constrict) with an increase in sympathetic tone. This is because of a proportional increase in the presence of β2 adrenergic receptors rather than α1 receptors. β2 receptors promote vessel dilation instead of constriction like α1 receptors. An alternative explanation is that the primary (and direct) effect of sympathetic stimulation on coronary arteries is vasoconstriction followed by a secondary vasodilation caused by the release of vasodilatory metabolites due to the sympathetically increased cardiac inotropy and heart rate. This secondary vasodilation caused by the primary vasoconstriction is termed functional sympatholysis, the overall effect of which on coronary arteries is dilation.[9]

text: The target synapse of the postganglionic neuron is mediated by adrenergic receptors and is activated by either norepinephrine (noradrenaline) or epinephrine (adrenaline).

text: Function[edit]

text:
Examples of sympathetic system action on various organs[6] except where otherwise indicated.

Organ
Effect

Eye
Dilates

Heart
Increases rate and force of contraction

Lungs
Dilates bronchioles via circulating adrenaline[10]

Blood vessels
Dilate in skeletal muscle (in animals).[11]

Constricts in gastrointestinal organs

Sweat glands
Activates sweat secretion

Digestive tract
Inhibits peristalsis

Kidney
Increases renin secretion

Penis
Inhibits Tumescence

Ductus deferens
Promotes emission prior to ejaculation

text: The sympathetic nervous system is responsible for up- and down-regulating many homeostatic mechanisms in living organisms. Fibers from the SNS innervate tissues in almost every organ system, providing at least some regulation of functions as diverse as pupil diameter, gut motility, and urinary system output and function.[12] It is perhaps best known for mediating the neuronal and hormonal stress response commonly known as the fight-or-flight response. This response is also known as sympatho-adrenal response of the body, as the preganglionic sympathetic fibers that end in the adrenal medulla (but also all other sympathetic fibers) secrete acetylcholine, which activates the great secretion of adrenaline (epinephrine) and to a lesser extent noradrenaline (norepinephrine) from it. Therefore, this response that acts primarily on the cardiovascular system is mediated directly via impulses transmitted through the sympathetic nervous system and indirectly via catecholamines secreted from the adrenal medulla.

text: The sympathetic nervous system is responsible for priming the body for action, particularly in situations threatening survival.[13] One example of this priming is in the moments before waking, in which sympathetic outflow spontaneously increases in preparation for action.

text: Sympathetic nervous system stimulation causes vasoconstriction of most blood vessels, including many of those in the skin, the digestive tract, and the kidneys. This occurs as a result of activation of alpha-1 adrenergic receptors by norepinephrine released by post-ganglionic sympathetic neurons. These receptors exist throughout the vasculature of the body but are inhibited and counterbalanced by beta-2 adrenergic receptors (stimulated by epinephrine release from the adrenal glands) in the skeletal muscles, the heart, the lungs, and the brain during a sympathoadrenal response. The net effect of this is a shunting of blood away from the organs not necessary to the immediate survival of the organism and an increase in blood flow to those organs involved in intense physical activity.

text: Sensation[edit]

text: The afferent fibers of the autonomic nervous system, which transmit sensory information from the internal organs of the body back to the central nervous system (or CNS), are not divided into parasympathetic and sympathetic fibers as the efferent fibers are.[14] Instead, autonomic sensory information is conducted by general visceral afferent fibers.

text: General visceral afferent sensations are mostly unconscious visceral motor reflex sensations from hollow organs and glands that are transmitted to the CNS. While the unconscious reflex arcs normally are undetectable, in certain instances they may send pain sensations to the CNS masked as referred pain. If the peritoneal cavity becomes inflamed or if the bowel is suddenly distended, the body will interpret the afferent pain stimulus as somatic in origin. This pain is usually non-localized. The pain is also usually referred to dermatomes that are at the same spinal nerve level as the visceral afferent synapse.[citation needed]

text: Relationship with the parasympathetic nervous system[edit]

text: Together with the other component of the autonomic nervous system, the parasympathetic nervous system, the sympathetic nervous system aids in the control of most of the body's internal organs. Reaction to stress—as in the flight-or-fight response—is thought to counteract the parasympathetic system, which generally works to promote maintenance of the body at rest. The comprehensive functions of both the parasympathetic and sympathetic nervous systems are not so straightforward, but this is a useful rule of thumb.[3][15]

text: Disorders[edit]

text: In heart failure, the sympathetic nervous system increases its activity, leading to increased force of muscular contractions that in turn increases the stroke volume, as well as peripheral vasoconstriction to maintain blood pressure. However, these effects accelerate disease progression, eventually increasing mortality in heart failure.[16]

text: Sympathicotonia is a stimulated[17] condition of the sympathetic nervous system, marked by vascular spasm,[18] elevated blood pressure,[18] and goose bumps.[18] A recent study has shown the expansion of Foxp3+ natural Treg in the bone marrow of mice after brain ischemia and this myeloid Treg expansion is related to sympathetic stress signaling after brain ischemia.[19]

text: History and etymology[edit]

text: The name of this system can be traced to the concept of sympathy, in the sense of "connection between parts", first used medically by Galen.[20] In the 18th century, Jacob B. Winslow applied the term specifically to nerves.[21]


document_title: List of Chronicles of Narnia cast members

question_text: who played ice queen in chronicles of narnia

text: Characters[edit]

text:
(voice) indicates a vocal/voice performance.
A dark grey cell indicates the character is not in the film.

text:
Character
Film

The Lion, the Witch and the Wardrobe
Prince Caspian
The Voyage of the Dawn Treader
The Silver Chair

2005[1]
2008[2]
2010[3]
TBA

Lucy Pevensie
Georgie Henley

Rachel Henley (older)
Georgie Henley
TBA

Edmund Pevensie
Skandar Keynes

Mark Wells (older)
Skandar Keynes

Peter Pevensie
William Moseley

Noah Huntley (older)
William Moseley

Susan Pevensie
Anna Popplewell

Sophie Winkleman (older)
Anna Popplewell

Aslan
Liam Neeson (voice)

Jadis the White Witch
Tilda Swinton

Mr. Tumnus
James McAvoy

Mr. Beaver
Ray Winstone (voice)

Mrs. Beaver
Dawn French (voice)

Digory Kirke
Jim Broadbent

Ginarrbrik
Kiran Shah

Father Christmas
James Cosmo

Oreius
Patrick Kake

Maugrim
Michael Madsen (voice)

General Otmin
Shane Rangi

King Caspian X

Ben Barnes

Reepicheep

Eddie Izzard (voice)
Simon Pegg (voice)

Trumpkin

Peter Dinklage

Trufflehunter

Ken Stott (voice)

Glenstorm

Cornell S John

Bulgy Bear

David Walliams (voice)

Nikabrik

Warwick Davis

Miraz

Sergio Castellitto

Doctor Cornelius

Vincent Grass

Glozelle

Pierfrancesco Favino

Prunaprismia

Alicia Borrachero

Sopespian

Damián Alcázar

Scythley

Simon Andreu

Donnon

Predrag Bjelac

Eustace Scrubb

Will Poulter

Tavros

Shane Rangi

Jemain

Tamati

Caprius

Ryan Ettridge

Randy

Morgan Evans

Nausus

Steven Rooke

Drinian

Gary Sweet

Queen Lilliandil

Laura Brent

Lady of the Green Kirtle


document_title: People Are Crazy

question_text: who sings god is great beer is good

question_tokens: who sings god is great beer is good

text: People Are Crazy

text: Content[edit]

text: "People Are Crazy" centralizes on the male narrator and an old man whom he meets in a bar. In the first verse, the two of them converse, which leads to the old man saying, "God is great, beer is good / And people are crazy." They continue to converse throughout the second verse as well before parting ways. In the third verse, some time has passed, and the narrator reads the old man's obituary in the paper. He discovers that the now dead old man was a millionaire and "left his fortune to / Some guy he barely knew" (i.e., the narrator).[2] After this discovery, the narrator also declares that "people are crazy." The song is in a 4/4 time signature and a moderate tempo, in the key of F major, using a main chord pattern of F–C–Dm–B♭. Currington's vocals range from B♭3 to D5.[3]

text: According to the blog maintained by the television network CMT, Currington said of the song, "It’s one of those that lifts your spirits and make you laugh. I knew the first time I heard it, I wanted to lay it down and record it for the album."[4]

text: Bobby Braddock and Troy Jones wrote the song after Jones gave Braddock the idea for the line "God is great, beer is good / And people are crazy." Jones was in Alabama and decided to take a drive through the country. He was trying to think of three things you can't argue with and came up with the three things. When the two were writing the song, Braddock then suggested the twist ending.[5]

text: Music video[edit]

text: The music video was shot by the Brads, a directing duo consisting of Potsy Ponciroli and Blake McClure.

text: Critical reception[edit]

text: In his review of the album, Billboard critic Mikael Wood said that the song was a "briskly strummed country-rock number" that "handily reduces [Currington]'s worldview to a memorable one-liner", and added that the rest of the album "doesn't do much to complicate that philosophy".[6] Matt Bjorke of Roughstock gave the song a positive review, saying that "It goes a long way into proving just what is great about country music: the stories and simple, effective melodies."[7] Juli Thanki of Engine 145 gave the song a thumbs-down rating, saying that it was "feel-good like a Reader's Digest story" and did not have a country music sound other than "an occasionally audible steel guitar lick."[2]

text: Chart performance[edit]

text:
Chart (2009)
Peak
position

US Hot Country Songs (Billboard)[8]
1

US Billboard Hot 100[9]
27

Canada (Canadian Hot 100)[10]
48

text: End of year charts[edit]

text:
Charts (2009)
Position

U.S. Billboard Hot 100
93[11]

US Country Songs (Billboard)[12]
7

text:
Preceded by
"I Run to You"
by Lady Antebellum
Billboard Hot Country Songs
number-one single
August 1–August 8, 2009
Succeeded by
"Alright"
by Darius Rucker