document_title: Michigan Wolverines men's basketball

question_text: when was the last time michigan basketball won the championship

root

text: Michigan Wolverines men's basketball

text: Michigan's history[edit]

text: Early years (1908–19)[edit]

text: As a result of public and alumni demand for a basketball team, Michigan fielded a team of members of the then-current student body and achieved a 1–4 record for the 1908–09 season. However, after three years of demanding a basketball program, the student body did not attend the games and the program was terminated due to low attendance.[9] Basketball returned in 1917 in what was considered the inaugural season of varsity basketball. The team was coached by Elmer Mitchell who instituted the intramural sports program at Michigan. The team finished 6–12 overall (0–10, Big Ten). The following year Mitchell led the team to a 16–8 (5–5) record.[9]

tag: p

text: Mather era (1919–28)[edit]

text: E. J. Mather coached the team to three Big Ten titles in his nine seasons as coach. After inheriting Mitchell's team, which he led to a 10–13 overall (3–9, Big Ten) record during the 1919–20 season, he led the team to an 18–4 overall (8–4, Big Ten) record during the 1920–21 season.[9] This 1921 team won its first eight and last eight games to tie the Wisconsin Badgers and Purdue Boilermakers for the Big Ten title.[10] The team won back-to-back championships in 1925–26 and 1926–27.[9] The 1926 squad, which was captained by Richard Doyle who became the team's first All-American, tied with Purdue, the Iowa Hawkeyes and Indiana Hoosiers for the conference championship. The 1927 team had a new All-American, Bennie Oosterbaan, and won the school's first back-to-back championships and first outright championship with a 14–3 overall (10–2, Big Ten) record.[9][10] Mather died after a lengthy battle with cancer in August 1928.[9]

text: Veenker era (1928–31)[edit]

text: George F. Veenker compiled the highest overall and highest Big Ten winning percentages of any coach in school history during his three years as coach. He earned 1st(tied), 3rd and 2nd(tied) finishes during his three seasons, which included the 1928–29 conference championship. During Veenker's first season his team compiled a 13–3 overall (10–2, Big Ten) record to win the conference, and Veenker continues to be the only coach in school history to win a conference championship in his first season.[10][11] The championship team, which finished tied with Wisconsin, was captained by the school's third All-American Ernie McCoy.[10] Veenker resigned to become the Iowa State Cyclones football head coach.[11]

text: Cappon era (1931–38)[edit]

text: Franklin Cappon had a long history of association with Michigan athletics starting with his service as a four-time letterman in football and basketball from 1919 to 1923. In 1928, he became assistant football and basketball coach and in 1929 he served as Fielding H. Yost's assistant Athletic Director.[12] Although the highlight of Cappon's tenure as coach was a 16–4 (9–3) third place 1936–37 Big Ten finish, he coached John Townsend who in his 1937–38 senior season became last All-American for at least 10 years.[4][13] The team finished third in two other seasons with less impressive records of 10–8 overall (8–4, Big Ten) in 1932–33 and 15–5 overall (7–5, Big Ten) 1935–36,[14] and Cappon's overall record was 78–57 overall (44–40, Big Ten).[12] A notable captain during the Cappon era was 1933–34 captain Ted Petoskey, a two-time football All-American end and eventual Major League Baseball player.[15]

text: Oosterbaan era (1938–46)[edit]

text: In 1938 Michigan coaching duties were assumed by one of its greatest athletes. Bennie Oosterbaan had been an All-American in both football and basketball and held various coaching positions at Michigan in both of those sports as well as baseball. In basketball, he implemented a fast-paced attack as coach, and his teams' best overall record was 13–7 in 1939–40. That season he tied with his final season for his best Big Ten record at 6–6. He resigned after eight seasons to concentrate on his football coaching duties.[12]

text: Cowles era (1946–48)[edit]

text: Under Ozzie Cowles, during the 1947–48 season, Michigan ended the longest (19 years) consecutive year period without a conference championship in school history. They also became the first contestants in the NCAA Division I Men's Basketball Tournament during Cowles second of two seasons.[16] The 1947–48 team posted a 16–6 overall (10–2, Big Ten) record. This team also posted the first undefeated home performance in school history with a 9–0 overall (6–0, Big Ten) record.[14]

text: McCoy era (1948–52)[edit]

text: Ernie McCoy became the second former All-American Wolverine player to coach the team.[3] Like Oosterbaan before him, he became a football and baseball coach at Michigan. He also served as assistant Athletic Director under Fritz Crisler. During his four seasons as basketball coach, Michigan's best finish was during the 1948–49 season when they finished 15–6 overall (7–5, Big Ten) and earned a third place Big Ten Conference finish. He coached Michigan's first All-Big Ten basketball players that season in Pete Elliot and captain Bob Harrison who were both selected to the first team.[17] Harrison returned the following season as the first repeat first-team All-Big Ten basketball player and Elliot was a second-team honoree.[18] McCoy served as a football scout at the same time.[17]

text: Perigo era (1952–60)[edit]

text: Bill Perigo took over the Michigan coaching job after having served three seasons as Western Michigan basketball coach. Despite previous success as a conference basketball champion coach at Western and subsequent success as a Michigan High School Athletic Association (MHSAA) champion basketball coach, his Michigan teams endured several mediocre seasons.[17] His best Big Ten records came in 1956–57 and 1958–59 when his teams compiled 8–6 conference records. The latter team was tied for second in the conference and was 15–7 overall (8–6, Big Ten).[19] It also had Perigo's only first-team All-Big Ten athlete in M. C. Burton.[18] Team captain and two-time football consensus All-American Ron Kramer was third-team All-Big Ten in 1957 after being second-team All-Big Ten in both 1955 and 1956.[18]

text: Strack era (1960–68)[edit]

text: Dave Strack, a former team 1945–46 captain, had become the freshman basketball team coach in 1948 and later had become a variety assistant to Perigo.[20] He led the team to three consecutive Big Ten Championships from 1963–66 and a third-place finish in the 1964 NCAA tournament. During 1964–65 the team compiled a 24–4 overall (13–1, Big Ten) record while completing an undefeated 11–0 overall (7–0, Big Ten) home season and was the national runner-up, falling to John Wooden's UCLA in the 1965 championship game. Strack earned United Press International (UPI) National Coach of the Year honors. The team ended the season listed number one in both the UPI and Associated Press (AP) national rankings. He recruited All-Americans Russell and Buntin to anchor his mid-1960s teams.[20] Tomjanovich also became a Wolverine at the end of Strack's career and became second team All-Big Ten in 1968 subsequent later stardom.[18] The 1964 team, which went 23–5 overall (11–3, Big Ten), tied with Ohio State with sophomore Russell and junior Buntin. In 1965, Buntin became the first Wolverine to be drafted by the NBA. In 1966, Russell led the team to its third straight conference championship and NCAA selection on his way to National Player of the Year honors.[16]

text: Orr era (1968–80)[edit]

text: In Johnny Orr's twelve seasons, he twice (1973–74 and 1976–77) earned Big Ten Coach of the Year honors with Big Ten championships. His teams earned four consecutive NCAA selections from 1974–77. The 25–7 overall (14–4, Big Ten) 1976 team lost to an undefeated Indiana team in the NCAA championship game, and Orr earned National Association of Basketball Coaches Coach of the Year honors that season. The 26–4 overall (16–2, Big Ten) 1977 team finished first in both the AP and UPI national rankings, and Orr won Basketball Weekly National Coach of the Year honors.[21] During Orr's tenure, six players earned a total of seven All-American recognitions, which is the most of any Michigan coach.[3] Steve Grote became Michigan's only three-time first-team Academic All-American from 1975–77 and with a second team All Big Ten as well as three honorable mentions was the first four-time All-Big Ten honoree.[22]

text: Frieder era (1980–89)[edit]

text: Bill Frieder, who had been an assistant coach for seven years, took over from Orr in 1980. He coached the school's first post-season basketball champions during the 1983–84 season and the following two teams were back-to-back conference champions. The 1983–84 team compiled a 24–9 overall (11–7, Big Ten) record on their way to a NIT championship victory over Notre Dame. The 1984–85 team went 26–4 overall (16–2, Big Ten), which earned Frieder Big Ten and AP National Coach of the Year honors. The 1985–86 team, which finished 28–5 overall (14–4, Big Ten), started the season with sixteen victories to make a total of thirty-three consecutive regular season victories. Frieder earned five of Michigan's six consecutive NCAA births from 1985–90, currently the longest streak in program history.[23] Roy Tarpley led the 1985 team as Big Ten MVP.[23] Frieder resigned, upon request,[24] immediately prior to the 1989 NCAA tournament to assume the coaching job for the Arizona State Sun Devils men's basketball team.[25]

text: Fisher era (1989–97)[edit]

text: Steve Fisher assumed the coaching position immediately before the 1989 NCAA Division I Men's Basketball Tournament from Frieder after having served and led the team to six straight victories and the championship. Fisher also signed the most famous recruiting class known as the Fab Five (Chris Webber, Juwan Howard, Jalen Rose, Jimmy King and Ray Jackson). He would take these players to the NCAA championship game as Freshmen and Sophomores.[26] In their sophomore 1992–93 season they compiled a 31–5 overall (15–3, Big Ten) record,[26] which has since been vacated. Fisher also won the 1997 NIT tournament with a team that compiled a 25–9 overall (11–5) record.[26][27] Many of Fisher's accomplishments were tarnished by NCAA sanctions. He left the job due to the University of Michigan basketball scandal.[28]

text: Ellerbe era (1997–2001)[edit]

text: Brian Ellerbe assumed the title of interim coach less than five months after becoming an assistant coach. He was named full-time coach following the 25–9 (11–5) 1997–98 season in which he led the team to victories over Iowa, Minnesota and Purdue to capture the Big Ten Conference Men's Basketball Tournament championship. His subsequent teams never finished better than seventh in the conference.[29]

text: Amaker era (2001–07)[edit]

text: Tommy Amaker inherited a team that imposed sanctions on itself after his first year at the helm of the program.[30] Nonetheless, he coached the team to the postseason three times including both an NIT championship in 2004 and a runner-up finish in 2006. During the 2005–06, when the team compiled a 22–11 overall (8–8, Big Ten) record, he led them to their first national ranking in eight years when they reached the #20 position.[31] Despite his successes, the team never won a Big Ten Championship and never made the NCAA tournament, which led to his firing after six seasons.[7]

text: Beilein era (2007–present)[edit]

text: John Beilein's 10–22 overall (5–13 Big Ten) inaugural season featured the most losses in Michigan's history. However, in Beilein's second season, the team posted impressive non-conference victories over top-five ranked opponents UCLA and Duke. Beilein led Michigan to the 2009 NCAA Tournament, its first appearance since 1998 and the first that was not vacated since 1995.[32] After upsetting Clemson in the first round, the Wolverines were eliminated by Oklahoma in Round 2 by a final score of 73–63.[33]

text: Following a disappointing 15–17 season in 2009–10, the Wolverines bounced back to return to the NCAA Tournament in 2011, advancing to the round of 32 before losing to top-seeded Duke, 73–71. The 2010–11 Wolverines, who swept rival Michigan State for the first time since 1997, finished the season 21–14. In the 2011–12 season, Michigan split the season series with both Ohio State and Michigan State and went on to be co-Big Ten champs along with the Buckeyes and Spartans. It was the program's first Big Ten title for Michigan since 1986. The Wolverines finished the season 24-10 and 13-5 in conference play, losing in the opening round of the NCAA Tournament.

text: The 2012–13 Michigan team earned a #1 ranking in the AP Poll on January 28, 2013, marking the first time since November 30, 1992, that Michigan held that position.[34] The team also made program history for the best season start, at 21–2. On March 31, The Wolverines defeated Florida by a score of 79–59 to make their first Final Four appearance since the 1992–93 season. The Wolverines then defeated Syracuse by a score of 61–56 in the Final Four. In the 2013 National Championship game, the Wolverines lost against Louisville by the score of 82–76.

text: The 2013–14 team had another strong season, winning Michigan's first outright Big Ten championship since 1986 and advancing to the Elite Eight of the NCAA tournament, where it lost to Kentucky, 75–72.

text: During the 2016–17 season, Beilein became the winningest coach in school history, passing Johnny Orr with his 210th win, 75–55 over Illinois on March 9 in the opening round of the 2017 Big Ten Tournament. Michigan went on to win the tournament, its first since the vacated 1998 title, winning four games in four days as the #8 seed and capping it off with a 71–56 championship victory over Wisconsin.

text: During the 2017–18 season, Beilein's Wolverines again won four games in four days to win back-to-back Big Ten Tournament championships for the first time in school history. The team went on to win the West regional title and advance to the Final Four following its win over Florida State, 58-54. The win improved the team's record to 32-7, marking a new school record for victories. The 2017–18 Michigan Wolverines men's basketball team moved on to the NCAA tournament championship, where they lost against Villanova to a score of 79-62.

text: Coaching Staff[edit]

text: As of March 3, 2018

text:
Name
Position coached
Consecutive season at
Michigan in current position

John Beilein
Head coach
11th

Saddi Washington
Assistant Coach
2nd

DeAndre Haynes
Assistant Coach
1st

Luke Yaklich
Assistant Coach
1st

Chris Hunter
Director of Basketball Operations
1st

Jon Sanderson
Head Strength and Conditioning Coach
7th

Alex Wong, Mississippi, AT, ATC
Athletic Trainer
3rd

Bryan Smothers
Graduate Assistant

Devon Mulry
Graduate Manager

Reference:[35]

tag: table

text: Championships[edit]

text: NCAA National Championships[edit]

text:
Year
Coach
Opponent
Score
Site
Overall Record
Big Ten Record

1989
Steve Fisher
Seton Hall
80–79 (OT)
Seattle
30–7
12–6

National Championships
1

text: Big Ten Regular Season Championships[edit]

text:
Year
Coach
Overall Record
Conference Record

1921§
E. J. Mather
18–4
8–4

1926§
E. J. Mather
12–5
8–4

1927
E. J. Mather
14–3
10–2

1929§
George Veenker
13–3
10–2

1948
Ozzie Cowles
16–6
10–2

1964§
Dave Strack
23–5
11–3

1965
Dave Strack
24–4
13–1

1966
Dave Strack
18–8
11–3

1974§
Johnny Orr
22–5
12–2

1977
Johnny Orr
26–4
16–2

1985
Bill Frieder
26–4
16–2

1986
Bill Frieder
28–5
14–4

2012§
John Beilein
24–10
13–5

2014
John Beilein
28–9
15–3

Big Ten Regular Season Championships
14

text: § – Conference co-champions

text: Big Ten Tournament Championships[edit]

text:
Year
Coach
Opponent
Score
Site
Overall Record
Big Ten Record

2017
John Beilein
Wisconsin
71–56
Washington, D.C.
26–12
10–8

2018
John Beilein
Purdue
75–66
New York City
33–8
13–5

Big Ten Tournament Championships
2

text: *Later vacated by NCAA

text: Rivalries[edit]

text:
Duke–Michigan basketball rivalry
Michigan–Michigan State basketball rivalry
Michigan–Ohio State basketball rivalry

tag: ul

text: Record against Big Ten opponents[edit]

text:
Opponent
Series record

Illinois
84*–87 (80–87)

Indiana
61*–106 (58–106)

Iowa
94*–63 (90–63)

Maryland
6–6

Michigan State
100*–81 (93–81)

Minnesota
93*–66 (87–66)

Nebraska
15*–3 (14–3)

Northwestern
112*–59 (106–59)

Ohio State
78*–102 (72–102)

Penn State
35*–12 (29–12)

Purdue
71*–88 (66–88)

Rutgers
10–0

Wisconsin
94*–71 (87–71)

Total
853*–745 (798–745)

text: Totals through March 4, 2018

text: Fab Five[edit]

text: The Fab Five, the 1991 recruiting class of five freshman starters, were Chris Webber, Juwan Howard, Jalen Rose, Jimmy King, and Ray Jackson. They were notable for having gone to the championship game of the 1992 and 1993 NCAA Division I Men's Basketball Tournament as freshmen and sophomores, for having started the trend of wearing baggy gym shorts,[36][37] which was later popularized by Michael Jordan,[38] and for wearing black athletic socks.[38][39] Due to the Ed Martin scandal, the records from their 1992 Final Four appearance and the entire following season have been forfeited.[38] Although Webber was the only member of the Fab Five officially implicated with the scandal, the reputation of the whole group has been tarnished.[40] Webber (1993), Howard (1994) and Rose (1992, 1994) were college basketball All-Americans.[3][41] and both King (1995 3rd team and 1993 & 1994 honorable mention) and Jackson (1995 2nd team & 1994 honorable mention) achieved All-Big Ten honors.[18] All but Jackson played in the NBA.[42] They were the subject of Mitch Albom's book entitled Fab Five: Basketball, Trash Talk, the American Dream,[43] which at one point was under development by Fox Television as a made-for-television movie.[44] In March 2011 ESPN broadcast a documentary, Fab Five, that was the network's highest-rated in its history.

text: Ed Martin scandal[edit]

text: During the University of Michigan basketball scandal the Big Ten Conference, National Collegiate Athletic Association, Federal Bureau of Investigation, Internal Revenue Service, and United States Department of Justice investigated the relationship between the University of Michigan, its men's basketball teams and basketball team booster Ed Martin. The program was punished for NCAA rules violations, principally involving payments booster Martin made to several players to launder money from an illegal gambling operation. It is one of the largest incidents involving payments to college athletes in American collegiate history.[45] It was described as one of the three or four worst violations of NCAA bylaws in history up to that time by the NCAA infractions committee chairman and the largest athlete payment scandal ever by ESPN.[45][46]

text: The case began when the investigation of an automobile rollover accident during Mateen Cleaves' 1996 Michigan Wolverines recruiting trip revealed a curious relationship between Martin and the team. Several Michigan basketball players were implicated over the next few years and by 1999 several were called before a federal grand jury. Four eventual professional basketball players (Chris Webber, Maurice Taylor, Robert Traylor and Louis Bullock) were discovered to have borrowed a total of $616,000 from Martin.[45] During the investigation, Webber claimed not to have had any financial relationship with Martin. Eventually he confessed to having accepted some of the money he was charged with having borrowed. For his perjury during a federal grand jury investigation, he was both fined in the legal system and briefly suspended by National Basketball Association after performing public service.[47][48]

text: In 2002, the University punished itself when it became apparent that its players were guilty by declaring itself ineligible for post season play immediately, returning post season play monetary rewards, vacating five seasons of games, removing commemorative banners, and placing itself on a two-year probation.[49] The following year, the NCAA accepted these punishments, doubled both the probation period and the post-season ineligibility, penalized the school one scholarship for four seasons, and ordered disassociation from the four guilty players until 2012.[46][50] The disasociation formally ended on May 8, 2013.[51] The additional year of post-season ineligibility was overturned on appeal.[52][53]

text: The punishment cost the 17–13 2002–03 team its post-season eligibility, cost past teams the 1997 National Invitation Tournament and the 1998 Big Ten Tournament championships as well as 1992 and 1993 NCAA Division I Men's Basketball Tournament Final Four recognition. It cost Traylor his MVP awards in the 1997 NIT and 1998 Big Ten Tournament, as well as Bullock's standing as the school's third all-time leading scorer and all-time leader in 3-point field goals. Steve Fisher lost his job as Michigan head coach as a result of the scandal.[8]

text: Coaching records[edit]

text:
Overall
Conference

Coach
Years
Record
Pct.
Record
Pct.
Note

George D. Corneal
1908–09
1–4
.200

Elmer Mitchell
1917–19
22–20
.524
5–15
.250

E. J. Mather
1919–28
108–53
.671
64–43
.598
3 Western (Big Nine) Conference Championships (1921, 1926, 1927)[10]

George Veenker
1928–31
35–12
.745
24–10
.706
1929 Western (Big Nine) Conference Championship[10]

Frank Cappon
1931–38
78–57
.578
44–40
.524

Bennie Oosterbaan
1938–46
81–72
.529
40–59
.404

Osborne Cowles
1946–48
28–14
.667
16–8
.667
1948 Western (Big Nine) Conference Championship[16]

Ernest McCoy
1948–52
40–47
.460
18–34
.346

William Perigo
1952–60
78–100
.438
38–78
.328

Dave Strack
1960–68
113–89
.559
58–54
.518
3 Big Ten Conference Championships (1964, 1965, 1966), 2 Final Fours (1964, 1965)[16]

Johnny Orr
1968–80
209–113
.649
120–72
.625
2 Big Ten Conference Championships (1974, 1977), 1976 Final Four[23]

Bill Frieder
1980–89
191–87
.687
98–64
.605
1984 National Invitation Tournament Championship, 2 Big Ten Conference Championships (1985, 1986)[23]

Steve Fisher
1989–97
184*–82*
108–53
.692*
.671
88*–56*
54–36
.611*
.600
1989 NCAA Tournament Championship, 3 Final Fours (1989, 1992*, 1993*), 1997 National Invitation Tournament Championship*[27]

Brian Ellerbe
1997–2001
62*–60*
25–32
.508*
.439
26*–38*
10–22
.406*
.313
1998 Big Ten Tournament Championship*[54]

Tommy Amaker
2001–07
109–83
.568
43–53
.448
2004 National Invitation Tournament Championship[27]

John Beilein
2007–present
248–143
.634
111–87
.561
2 Big Ten Conference Championships (2012, 2014), 2 Final Fours (2013, 2018), 2 Big Ten Tournament Championships (2017, 2018)

Total
1908–09
1917–present
1587–1038*
1474–1034
.605*
.588
793*–711*
744–711
.527*
.511

text: Honored players and coaches[edit]

text: Below are lists of important players and coaches in the history of Michigan Wolverines men's basketball. It includes lists of major awards and retired numbers. The honors include: Helms Foundation Player of the Year, UPI Player of the Year, Sporting News Player of the Year, Naismith Trophy, Wooden Award, Associated Press Player of the Year, NABC Player of the Year, Oscar Robertson Trophy, NCAA Tournament MOP, National Invitation Tournament MVP, Big Ten Tournament MVP, Chicago Tribune Silver Basketball, Big Ten Player of the Year, All-America, Wayman Tisdale Award, Bob Cousy Award, UPI Coach of the Year, Henry Iba Award, NABC Coach of the Year, AP Coach of the Year.

text: Retired numbers[edit]

text:
Michigan Wolverines retired numbers

No.
Player
Position
Career
No. retirement

22
Bill Buntin
PF, C
1962–65
January 7, 2006

33
Cazzie Russell
SG, SF
1963–66
December 11, 1993

35
Phil Hubbard
PF, C
1975–79
January 11, 2004

41
Glen Rice
SF
1985–89
February 20, 2005[55]

45
Rudy Tomjanovich
PF
1967–70
February 8, 2003

text: Awards[edit]

text:
National Player of the Year

1966 – Cazzie Russell (AP, USBWA, UPI, Helms, The Sporting News)
2013 – Trey Burke (AP, USBWA, NABC, Naismith, Wooden)

Wayman Tisdale Award

1992 – Chris Webber

Bob Cousy Award

2013 – Trey Burke

NCAA Tournament MOP

1989 – Glen Rice

National Invitation Tournament MVP

1984 – Tim McCormick
1997 – Robert Traylor*
2004 – Daniel Horton

Big Ten Tournament MVP

1998 – Robert Traylor*
2017 – Derrick Walton
2018 – Moe Wagner

Chicago Tribune Silver Basketball

1965 – Cazzie Russell
1966 – Cazzie Russell
1974 – Campy Russell
1985 – Roy Tarpley
1988 – Gary Grant
1989 – Glen Rice

Big Ten Player of the Year

1985 – Roy Tarpley
1988 – Gary Grant
1989 – Glen Rice
2013 – Trey Burke
2014 – Nik Stauskas

Big Ten Freshman of the Year

1985 – Gary Grant
1992 – Chris Webber
1995 – Maurice Taylor
2000 – LaVell Blanchard
2003 – Daniel Horton
2012 – Trey Burke

Big Ten Defensive Player of the Year

1987 – Gary Grant
1988 – Gary Grant

All-Americans

1924 – Harry Kipke (c 1924)
1926 – Richard Doyle (c 1926)
1927–28 – Bennie Oosterbaan (c 1927, 1928)
1929 – Ernie McCoy
1929 – Joseph Truskowski
1937–38 – John Townsend
1948 – Pete Elliott
1957 – Ron Kramer
1964–65 – Bill Buntin
1964–66 – Cazzie Russell (c 1965, 1966)
1970– Rudy Tomjanovich
1971–72 – Henry Wilmore
1974 – Campy Russell
1975 – C.J. Kupec
1976–77 – Rickey Green (c 1977)
1977 – Phil Hubbard
1981 – Mike McGee
1981 – Eric Turner
1985–86 – Roy Tarpley
1987–88 – Gary Grant (c 1988)
1988–89 – Glen Rice
1990 – Terry Mills
1990 – Rumeal Robinson
1990 – Loy Vaught
1992 – Jalen Rose
1992–93 – Chris Webber (c 1993)
1994 – Juwan Howard
1994 – Jalen Rose
1998 – Louis Bullock
1998 – Robert Traylor
2012–13 – Trey Burke (c 2013)
2014 – Nik Stauskas

National Coach of the Year

1965 – Dave Strack (UPI)
1976 – Johnny Orr (NABC, USBWA)
1977 – Johnny Orr (Basketball Weekly)
1985 – Bill Frieder (AP, Basketball Weekly)
1992 – Steve Fisher (Basketball Times)

Big Ten Coach of the Year

1974 – Johnny Orr
1977 – Johnny Orr
1985 – Bill Frieder
2014 – John Beilein

text: Postseason[edit]

text: NCAA Tournament results[edit]

text: The University of Michigan has an all-time 59–27* (52–23) record overall and 1–6* (1–4) championship game record in the NCAA Tournaments in 28* (24) appearances.[56][57][58] Glen Rice holds the NCAA single-tournament scoring record with 184 points in 1989.[59] The 1992 Final Four and all 1993, 1996, & 1998 games have been forfeited due to NCAA sanctions.[56]

text:
Year
Round
Opponent
Result

1948
Elite Eight
Regional Third Place
Holy Cross
Columbia
L 43–63
W 66–49

1964
Sweet Sixteen
Elite Eight
Final Four
National Third Place
Loyola Chicago
Ohio
Duke
Kansas State
W 84–80
W 69–57
L 80–91
W 100–90

1965
Sweet Sixteen
Elite Eight
Final Four
National Championship
Dayton
Vanderbilt
Princeton
UCLA
W 98–71
W 87–85
W 93–76
L 80–91

1966
Sweet Sixteen
Elite Eight
Western Kentucky
Kentucky
W 80–79
L 77–84

1974
Sweet Sixteen
Elite Eight
Notre Dame
Marquette
W 77–68
L 70–72

1975
First Round
UCLA
L 91–103OT

1976
First Round
Sweet Sixteen
Elite Eight
Final Four
National Championship
Wichita State
Notre Dame
Missouri
Rutgers
Indiana
W 74–73
W 80–76
W 95–88
W 86–70
L 68–86

1977
First Round
Sweet Sixteen
Elite Eight
Holy Cross
Detroit
Charlotte
W 92–81
W 86–81
L 68–75

1985
First Round
Second Round
Fairleigh Dickinson
Villanova
W 59–55
L 55–59

1986
First Round
Second Round
Akron
Iowa State
W 70–64
L 69–72

1987
First Round
Second Round
Navy
North Carolina
W 97–82
L 97–109

1988
First Round
Second Round
Sweet Sixteen
Boise State
Florida
North Carolina
W 63–58
W 108–85
L 69–78

1989
First Round
Second Round
Sweet Sixteen
Elite Eight
Final Four
National Championship
Xavier
South Alabama
North Carolina
Virginia
Illinois
Seton Hall
W 92–87
W 91–82
W 92–87
W 102–65
W 83–81
W 80–79OT

1990
First Round
Second Round
Illinois State
Loyola Marymount
W 76–70
L 115–149

1992
First Round
Second Round
Sweet Sixteen
Elite Eight
Final Four
National Championship
Temple
East Tennessee State
Oklahoma State
Ohio State
Cincinnati
Duke
W 73–66
W 102–90
W 75–72
W 75–71
W 76–72
L 51–71

1993
First Round
Second Round
Sweet Sixteen
Elite Eight
Final Four
National Championship
Coastal Carolina
UCLA
George Washington
Temple
Kentucky
North Carolina
W 84–53
W 86–84OT
W 72–64
W 77–72
W 81–78OT
L 71–77

1994
First Round
Second Round
Sweet Sixteen
Elite Eight
Pepperdine
Texas
Maryland
Arkansas
W 78–74OT
W 84–79
W 78–71
L 68–76

1995
First Round
Western Kentucky
L 76–82OT

1996
First Round
Texas
L 76–80

1998
First Round
Second Round
Davidson
UCLA
W 80–61
L 82–85

2009
First Round
Second Round
Clemson
Oklahoma
W 62–59
L 63–73

2011
Second Round
Third Round
Tennessee
Duke
W 75–45
L 71–73

2012
Second Round
Ohio
L 60–65

2013
Second Round
Third Round
Sweet Sixteen
Elite Eight
Final Four
National Championship
South Dakota State
VCU
Kansas
Florida
Syracuse
Louisville
W 71–56
W 78–53
W 87–85OT
W 79–59
W 61–56
L 76–82

2014
Second Round
Third Round
Sweet Sixteen
Elite Eight
Wofford
Texas
Tennessee
Kentucky
W 57–40
W 79–65
W 73–71
L 72–75

2016
First Four
First Round
Tulsa
Notre Dame
W 67–62
L 63–70

2017
First Round
Second Round
Sweet Sixteen
Oklahoma State
Louisville
Oregon
W 92–91
W 73–69
L 68–69

2018
First Round
Second Round
Sweet Sixteen
Elite Eight
Final Four
National Championship
Montana
Houston
Texas A&M
Florida State
Loyola–Chicago
Villanova
W 61–47
W 64–63
W 99–72
W 58–54
W 69–57
L 62–79

text:
1989 NCAA Tournament Results[60]

Round
Opponent
Score

Round #1
# 14 Xavier
92–87

Round #2
# 11 South Alabama
91–82

Sweet 16
# 2 North Carolina
92–87

Elite 8
# 5 Virginia
102–65

Final 4
# 1 Illinois
83–81

Championship
# 3 Seton Hall
80–79 (OT)

text: NCAA Tournament seeding history[edit]

text: The NCAA began seeding the NCAA Division I Men's Basketball Tournament with the 1979 edition.[61] The 64-team field started in 1985, which guaranteed that a championship team had to win six games.[62]

text:
Years →
'85
'86
'87
'88
'89
'90
'92
'93
'94
'95
'96
'98
'09
'11
'12
'13
'14
'16
'17
'18

Seeds →
1
2
9
3
3
3
6
1
3
9
7
3
10
8
4
4
2
11
7
3

text: NCAA Tournament round history[edit]

text:
Round
Record
Most Recent Appearance

National Championship
1–6
2018

National Third Place
1–0
1964

Final Four
7–1
2018

Elite Eight
8–6
2018

Regional Third Place
1–0
1948

Sweet Sixteen
13–2
2018

Round of 32
11–8
2018

Round of 64
17–4
2018

First Four
1–0
2016

text: NIT results[edit]

text: In 10* (9) National Invitation Tournament appearances, Michigan is 25*–7 (20–7) overall all-time and 3*–1 (2–1) in the championship game. 16*–0 (14–0) at Crisler Arena and 8*–2 (6–2) at Madison Square Garden.[27] The 1997 tournament was forfeited due to NCAA sanctions.[27]

text:
Year
Round
Opponent
Result

1971
First Round
Quarterfinals
Syracuse
Georgia Tech
W 86–76
L 70–78

1980
First Round
Second Round
Quarterfinals
Nebraska
UTEP
Virginia
W 76–69
W 75–65
L 68–79

1981
First Round
Second Round
Quarterfinals
Duquesne
Toledo
Syracuse
W 74–58
W 80–68
L 76–91

1984
First Round
Second Round
Quarterfinals
Semifinals
Finals
Wichita State
Marquette
Xavier
Virginia Tech
Notre Dame
W 94–70
W 83–70
W 63–62
W 78–75
W 83–63

1991
First Round
Colorado
L 64–71

1997
First Round
Second Round
Quarterfinals
Semifinals
Finals
Miami FL
Oklahoma State
Notre Dame
Arkansas
Florida State
W 76–63
W 75–65
W 67–66
W 77–62
W 82–73

2000
First Round
Notre Dame
L 65–75

2004
First Round
Second Round
Quarterfinals
Semifinals
Finals
Missouri
Oklahoma
Hawaii
Oregon
Rutgers
W 65–64
W 63–52
W 88–73
W 78–53
W 62–55

2006
First Round
Second Round
Quarterfinals
Semifinals
Finals
UTEP
Notre Dame
Miami FL
Old Dominion
South Carolina
W 82–67
W 87–84
W 71–65
W 66–43
L 64–76

2007
First Round
Second Round
Utah State
Florida State
W 68–58
L 66–87

text: Statistics[edit]

text:
Most different players to make a Three-point field goal in game:[63] 9 vs. Eastern Michigan, December 13, 2008 (tied Dartmouth, 1993)
Combined team rebounds:[63] 152, Michigan (57) vs. Indiana (95) March 11, 1961

text:
Single-game rebounds (Since 1973): 26—Phil Hubbard, Michigan vs. Detroit, RSF, Mar 17, 1977[64]
Single-year points 184—Glen Rice, Michigan, 1989 (6 games)[64]
Single-year field goals made 75—Glen Rice, Michigan, 1989 (6 games)[64]
Single-year three-point field goals made 27—Glen Rice, Michigan, 1989 (6 games)[64]
Career three-point field goals percentage (Minimum 30 made) 56.5% (35–62)—Glen Rice, Michigan, 1986–89 (13 games)[64]
Single-game points, Both Teams 264—Loyola Marymount (149) vs. Michigan (115), 2nd R, Mar 18, 1990[64]
Fewest single-game three point field goals made, team (in a final four): 0, *Michigan vs. Kentucky, NSF, March 4, 1993 (ot)[65]
Fewest single-game three point field goals attempted, team (final four): 4, *Michigan vs. Kentucky, NSF, March 4, 1993 (ot)[65]
Single-game assists (in a championship game): 11, Rumeal Robinson, Michigan vs. Seton Hall, March 4, 1989 (ot)[66]
Fewest single-game three point field goals made, team (championship game): 1, *Michigan vs. Duke, CH, June 4, 1992[67]
Fewest single-game free throws made (in a win), team: 0, Michigan vs. Tennessee, Mar 18, 2011
Lowest single-game three point field goal percentage, team (championship game): 9.1% (1–11), *Michigan vs. Duke, CH, June 4, 1992[67]
Biggest margin of victory in 8 vs. 9 match-up: 30, Michigan vs. Tennessee, Mar 18, 2011
Single-year two-game assists (final four): 23, Rumeal Robinson, Michigan, 1989[68]

text:
Single-game free throws made (final four): 15, Bill Buntin, Michigan vs. Kansas State, N3d, Mar 21, 1964 (broken Mar 20, 1965)[69]
Fewest single-game three point field goals made, team (final four): 1, *Michigan vs. Duke, CH, June 4, 1992 (broken March 4, 1993)[65]
Lowest single-game three point field goal percentage, team (final four): 9.1% (1–11), *Michigan vs. Duke, CH, June 4, 1992 (broken January 4, 2006)[65]
Most single-game players disqualified, team (championship game): 3, Michigan vs. UCLA, Mar 20, 1965 (broken Mar 31, 1997)[67]
Single-year two-game assists, team (final four): 42, Michigan, 1989 (broken 1990)[68]

text: Team field goal percentage:[70] 54.6% (1198 of 2196), 1988; 56.6% (1325 of 2341), 1989

text:
30-win seasons:[71] 2018 (33), 2013 (31), 1993* (31), 1989 (30)
1989 team continues to rank second in single-season team field goal percentage: 56.6% (1325 of 2341).[72]

text:
Career field goals attempted: Mike McGee (2077, 1978–81)[73]
Career three point field goals made: Louis Bullock (339*, 1996–99)[73]
Single-game three point field goals percentage (100% most made): Glen Rice (7 of 7, vs. Wisconsin February 25, 1989)[73]
Single-season points, team: (3393, 1988–89)[74]
Single-game field goals made, team: (55, vs. Iowa October 3, 1990)[74]
Single-season field goals made, team: (1325, 1988–89)[74]
Single-season field goals attempted, team: (2341, 1988–89)[74]
Single-season field goal percentage, team: (.566, 1,325 of 2,341, 1988–89)[74]
Single-season field goal percentage, team (conference games only): (.561, 606 of 1,080, 1988–89)[75]
Single-game three point field goals attempted, team: (42, vs. Florida Gulf Coast December 22, 2008)[74]
Single-game three point field goals attempted, team (conference games only): (40, at Indiana 1/7/09)[75]
Single-season three point field goals attempted, team: (912, 2008–09)[74]
Single-season three point field goals attempted, team (conference games only): (471, 2008–09)[75]
Single-season rebounds, team: (1521, 1964–65)[76]
Single-game assists, team: (37, vs. Western Michigan July 12, 1987 and vs. Eastern Michigan December 12, 1987)[76]
Single-game assists, team (conference games only): (36, vs. Iowa March 2, 1988)[77]
Single-season assists, team: (745, 1988–89)[76]
Single-game blocked shots, team: (18, vs. Florida Southern July 12, 1985)[76]
Single-season free throw percentage (conference games only): Daniel Horton (.978 (89 of 91), 2006)[78]
Single-season personal fouls, team: (456, 1953)[77]
Single-season overtime games: (6, 1981)[77]

text:
Career points: Mike McGee (2439, 1977–81, broken in 1989), Glen Rice (2442, 1985–89, broken in 1993)[73]
Career points (conference games only): McGee (1503, 1977–81, broken in 1995)[79]
Single-game field goals made: John Tidwell (20, vs. Minnesota April 3, 1961, broken February 16, 1963)[73]
Single-season field goals made: Cazzie Russell (308, 1965–66, broken 1981), McGee (309, 1980–81, broken in 1986)[73]
Career field goals made: Russell (839, 1964–66, broken 1970), McGee (1010, 1978–81, broken in 1993)[73]
Single-game three point field goals made: Garde Thompson (9, vs. Navy December 3, 1987, broken February 23, 2003)[73]
Single-game points, team: 128 (vs. Purdue February 19, 1966, broken December 30, 2006)[74]
Single-game field goals made, team: (52, vs. Purdue February 19, 1966, broken December 19, 1972)[74]
Single-season field goals made, team: (1198, 1987–88, broken 1989)[74]
Single-season assists, team: (694, 1987–88, broken 1989)[76]
Single-season blocked shots, team: (193, 1992–93*, surpassed 2000)[76]
Single-season field goals made per game (conference games only): Russell (13.0 (182 in 14), 1966, broken 1969)[78]
Single-season rebounds (total and per game) (conference games only): M. C. Burton (249 in 14 games, 1959, broken 1960)[78]
Single-season points per game, team (conference games only): 92.9 (1965 (1,300 in 14), broken 1966)[75]
Single-season points per game, team (conference games only): 95.4 (1966 (1,336 in 14), broken 1969)[75]
Single-season three point field goals attempted, team (conference games only): (434, 2007–08)[75]
Single-game three point field goal percentage, team (conference games only):.875 (7 of 8, vs. Iowa March 2, 1988, broken April 2, 1988)[75]

text:
Scoring (Conference games only until 1990):[80] 1928 Bennie Oosterbaan 129; 1959 M.C. Burton 22.6; 1966 Cazzie Russell 33.2; 1974 Campy Russell 24.0; 1988 Glen Rice 22.9; 1989 Rice 24.8
Field goal Percentage (Conference games only until 1990):[80] 1966 Cazzie Russell .542; 1967 Dave McClellan .588; 1971 Ken Brady .617; 1975 John Robinson .603; 1979 Marty Bodnar .603; 1989 Loy Vaught .677; 2001 Chris Young .640 (all games); 2006 Courtney Sims .633 (all games)
Three point field goals: 1989 Glen Rice 55 (conference games); 1991 Demetrius Calip 48 (conference games); 1998 Louis Bullock 51* (conference games); 1999 Robbie Reid 49 (conference games); 1997 Louis Bullock 101* (all games); 1998 Louis Bullock 93* (all games)[81]
Three point field goal percentage: 1998 Louis Bullock .481* (conference games); 1999 Robbie Reid .458 (conference games); 2003 LaVell Blanchard .433 (conference games)[81]
Free throw percentage: 1975 C.J. Kupec .880 (conference games); 1997 Louis Bullock .893* (conference games); 2006 Daniel Horton .978 (conference games); 2007 Dion Harris .873 (conference games); 1998 Louis Bullock .911* (all games); 1999 Louis Bullock .864* (all games); 2006 Daniel Horton .901 (all games)[81]
Rebounds: 1959 M.C. Burton 17.8 (conference games); 1963 Bill Buntin 15.4 (conference games); 1969 Rudy Tomjanovich 12.8 (conference games); 1970 Rudy Tomjanovich 16.2 (conference games); 1985 Roy Tarpley 9.9 (conference games); 1990 Loy Vaught 10.7 (conference games); 1992 Chris Webber-FR 9.8* (conference games); 1993 Chris Webber 9.7* (conference games); 1990 Loy Vaught 11.2; 1992 Chris Webber-FR 10.0*; 1993 Chris Webber 10.1*[81][82]
Assists: 1988 Gary Grant 6.5 (conference games); 1990 Rumeal Robinson 6.1 (all games); 2013 Trey Burke 6.7 (all games)[82]
Steals: 1987 Gary Grant 2.67 (conference games); 1988 Gary Grant 2.72 (conference games)[82]
Blocked shots: 1986 Roy Tarpley 2.50 (conference games); 1989 Terry Mills 1.22 (conference games); 2008 Ekpe Udoh 2.67 (conference games); 2004 Courtney Sims 2.00 (all games); 2008 Ekpe Udoh 2.88 (all games)[82]

text:
Scoring offense:[83] 1946 55.1, 1965 92.9, 1966 95.4, 1971 88.4, 1972 81.8, 1976 85.8, 1977 83.2, 1987 86.7, 1989 87.8, 1997* 73.3,
Scoring defense:[83] 1948 46.3, 1952 56.2, 1964 75.5
Scoring margin:[83] 1948 7.6, 1964 10.3, 1965 12.2, 1966 9.9, 1977 9.4, 1985 8.8, 1986 10.6, 1989 10.3
Field goal percentage offense:[84] 1966 48.9, 1972 45.3, 1976 52.1, 1989 56.1, 2013 46.9, 2017 48.3
Field goal percentage defense:[84] 1995 39.4
Three point field goals:[84] 1987 89, 1989 103, 1991 118, 1998* 121, 2009 151
Three point field goal percentage:[84] 1998 40.1, 2003 37.5
Free throw percentage:[84] 1958 73.4, 1975 75.8, 2017 77.9
Rebounds:[85] 1963 49.0, 1965 49.5, 1972 51.6, 1983 34.4, 1986 35.1, 1992 38.2, 1993* 40.9
Rebounding margin:[85] 1986 5.8, 1992 5.8, 1993* 7.6, 2004 3.4
Steals:[85] 1986 8.61
Blocked shots:[85] 1986 3.94, 1993* 5.0, 2004 4.31, 2008 4.28
Turnover margin:[85] 2017 3.4

text: Rankings[edit]

text: Michigan teams have spent a total of 22 weeks ranked number 1 with the last time occurring in 2013. Entering the 2013–14 season this ranked 13th and third in the Big Ten behind Indiana (54) and Ohio State (37).[86] Two Michigan teams (December 14, 1964 87–85 over Wichita State at Detroit and December 13, 1997 81–73 over Duke at home) have defeated the number one ranked team.[87]

text: The following table summarizes Michigan history in the AP Poll:[88]

text:
'
Preseason
Peak
Final
Weeks ranked
Weeks @ #1

Top 10 Poll

1963–64
8
2
2
15/15
0

1964–65
1
1
1
15/15
10

1965–66
2
2
9
10/15
0

1966–67
NR
5
NR
3/15
0

Top 20 Poll

1970–71
NR
12
NR
4/16
0

1971–72
13
9
NR
4/16
0

1972–73
19
18
NR
3/16
0

1973–74
NR
6
6
12/18
0

1974–75
17
11
19
8/19
0

1975–76
16
9
9
16/17
0

1976–77
1
1
1
17/17
8

1977–78
13
9
NR
4/17
0

1978–79
8
6
NR
8/17
0

1980–81
NR
9
NR
11/16
0

1983–84
NR
15
NR
2/17
0

1984–85
NR
2
2
12/17
0

1985–86
3
2
5
17/17
0

1987–88
9
7
10
17/17
0

1988–89
3
2
10
18/18
0

Top 25 Poll

1989–90
4
3
13
17/17
0

1991–92
20
11
15
18/18
0

1992–93
1
1
3
18/18
3

1993–94
5
3
11
18/18
0

1994–95
16
13
NR
5/18
0

1995–96
17
16
NR
13/18
0

1996–97
9
4
NR
16/18
0

1997–98
NR
12
12
12/18
0

2005–06
NR
21
NR
2/19
0

2008–09
NR
23
NR
3/19
0

2009–10
15
15
NR
3/20
0

2011–12
18
10
13
19/19
0

2012–13
5
1
T–10
19/19
1

2013–14
7
7
7
13/19
0

2014–15
24
17
NR
4/19
0

2015–16
25
24
NR
2/19
0

2016–17
NR
23
23
2/19
0

2017–18
NR
7
7
9/19
0

text: Notes[edit]

text: ^ a: * designates records and awards forfeited due to the University of Michigan basketball scandal.


document_title: List of Nigerian states by GDP

question_text: which state is the richest state in nigeria

text: List of Nigerian states by GDP

text: This article needs additional citations for verification. Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. (March 2015) (Learn how and when to remove this template message)

text: The following table presents a listing of Nigeria's 36 states ranked in order of their total GDP in 2010.[1]

text:
Rank
State
GDP
(in millions
of USD)

1
Lagos State
US$33,679

2
Rivers State
US$21,073

3
Delta State
US$16,749

4
Oyo State
US$16,121

5
Imo State
US$14,212

6
Kano State
US$12,393

7
Edo State
US$11,888

8
Akwa Ibom State
US$11,179

9
Ogun State
US$10,470

10
Kaduna State
US$10,334

11
Cross River State
US$9,292

12
Abia State
US$8,687

13
Ondo State
US$8,414

14
Osun State
US$7,280

15
Benue State
US$6,864

16
Anambra State
US$6,764

17
Katsina State
US$6,022

18
Niger State
US$6,002

19
Borno State
US$5,175

20
Plateau State
US$5,154

21
Sokoto State
US$4,818

22
Bauchi State
US$4,713

23
Kogi State
US$4,642

24
Adamawa State
US$4,582

25
Enugu State
US$4,396

26
Bayelsa State
US$4,337

27
Zamfara State
US$4,123

28
Kwara State
US$3,841

29
Taraba State
US$3,397

30
Kebbi State
US$3,290

31
Nassarawa State
US$3,022

32
Jigawa State
US$2,988

33
Ekiti State
US$2,848

34
Ebonyi State
US$2,732

35
Gombe State
US$2,501

36
Yobe State
US$2,011


document_title: List of presidents of the United States by age

question_text: who was the oldest man elected president of usa

text: Age of U.S. presidents[edit]

text: The median age upon accession to the presidency is 55 years and 3 months. This is how old Lyndon B. Johnson was at the time of his inauguration. The youngest person to assume the office was Theodore Roosevelt, who became president at the age of 42 years, 322 days, following William McKinley's assassination; the oldest was Donald Trump, who was 70 years, 220 days old at his inauguration. The youngest person to be elected president was John F. Kennedy, at 43 years, 163 days of age on election day; the oldest was Ronald Reagan, who was 73 years, 274 days old at the time of his election to a second term.

text: Assassinated three years into his term, John F. Kennedy was the youngest at the time of leaving office (46 years, 177 days); the youngest president to leave office at the conclusion of a normal transition was Theodore Roosevelt (50 years, 128 days). The oldest at the time of leaving office was Ronald Reagan (77 years, 349 days).

text: Born on May 29, 1917, John F. Kennedy was younger than four of his successors, the greatest number to date: Lyndon Johnson (8 years, 9 months, and 2 days); Ronald Reagan (6 years, 3 months, and 23 days); Richard Nixon (4 years, 4 months, and 16 days); and Gerald Ford (3 years, 10 months, and 15 days).

text: Born on February 6, 1911, Ronald Reagan was older than four of his predecessors, the greatest number to date: Richard Nixon (1 year, 11 months, and 7 days); Gerald Ford (2 years, 5 months, and 8 days); John F. Kennedy (6 years, 3 months, and 23 days); and Jimmy Carter (13 years, 7 months, and 25 days).

text: Three presidents—Donald Trump, George W. Bush, and Bill Clinton—were born in 1946 (all within the span of 9 weeks). This is the only calendar year in which three presidents have been born. Two presidents—James K. Polk and Warren G. Harding—were born on November 2 (70 years apart). This is the only day of the year having the birthday of multiple presidents.[1]

text: The oldest living U.S. president is George H. W. Bush, born June 12, 1924 (age 93 years, 318 days). On November 25, 2017, he also became the longest-lived president, surpassing the lifespan of Gerald Ford, who died at the age of 93 years, 165 days. The second oldest living president, Jimmy Carter, has the distinction of having the longest post-presidency in U.S. history, currently at 37 years, 96 days. He surpassed the previous record, held by Herbert Hoover (31 years, 230 days) on September 7, 2012. The youngest living president is Barack Obama, born August 4, 1961 (age 56 years, 265 days).

text: The shortest-lived president to have died by natural causes (thereby excluding John F. Kennedy and James A. Garfield, who were both assassinated) was James K. Polk, who died of cholera at the age of 53 years, 225 days; only 103 days after leaving office.

text: Six U.S. presidents have lived into their 90s. They are (in order of birth):

text:
John Adams
(1735–1826)

Herbert Hoover
(1874–1964)

Ronald Reagan
(1911–2004)

Gerald Ford
(1913–2006)

George H. W. Bush
(born 1924)

Jimmy Carter
(born 1924)

text:
#
President
Birth date
Presidency
start date
Age at
start date
Presidency
end date
Age at
end date
Post-presidency
timespan
Death date
Lifespan

1
Washington, GeorgeGeorge Washington
000000001732-02-22-0000Feb 22, 1732[a]
000000001789-04-30-0000Apr 30, 1789
7004208870000000000♠57 years, 67 days
000000001797-03-04-0000Mar 4, 1797
7004237520000000000♠65 years, 10 days
01,0151,015 days
(7003101500000000000♠2 years, 285 days)
000000001799-12-14-0000Dec 14, 1799
7004247670000000000♠67 years, 295 days
(24,767 days)

2
Adams, John A.John Adams
000000001735-10-30-0000Oct 30, 1735[a]
000000001797-03-04-0000Mar 4, 1797
7004224060000000000♠61 years, 125 days
000000001801-03-04-0000Mar 4, 1801
7004238660000000000♠65 years, 125 days
09,2539,253 days
(7003925300000000000♠25 years, 122 days)
000000001826-07-04-0000Jul 4, 1826
7004331190000000000♠90 years, 247 days
(33,119 days)

3
Jefferson, ThomasThomas Jefferson
000000001743-04-13-0000Apr 13, 1743[a]
000000001801-03-04-0000Mar 4, 1801
7004211440000000000♠57 years, 325 days
000000001809-03-04-0000Mar 4, 1809
7004240660000000000♠65 years, 325 days
06,3316,331 days
(7003633100000000000♠17 years, 122 days)
000000001826-07-04-0000Jul 4, 1826
7004303970000000000♠83 years, 82 days
(30,397 days)

4
Madison, JamesJames Madison
000000001751-03-16-0000Mar 16, 1751[a]
000000001809-03-04-0000Mar 4, 1809
7004211720000000000♠57 years, 353 days
000000001817-03-04-0000Mar 4, 1817
7004240940000000000♠65 years, 353 days
07,0567,056 days
(7003705600000000000♠19 years, 116 days)
000000001836-06-28-0000Jun 28, 1836
7004311500000000000♠85 years, 104 days
(31,150 days)

5
Monroe, JamesJames Monroe
000000001758-04-28-0000Apr 28, 1758
000000001817-03-04-0000Mar 4, 1817
7004214940000000000♠58 years, 310 days
000000001825-03-04-0000Mar 4, 1825
7004244160000000000♠66 years, 310 days
02,3132,313 days
(7003231300000000000♠6 years, 122 days)
000000001831-07-04-0000Jul 4, 1831
7004267290000000000♠73 years, 67 days
(26,729 days)

6
Adams, John Q. John Q. Adams
000000001767-07-11-0000Jul 11, 1767
000000001825-03-04-0000Mar 4, 1825
7004210550000000000♠57 years, 236 days
000000001829-03-04-0000Mar 4, 1829
7004225160000000000♠61 years, 236 days
06,9306,930 days
(7003693000000000000♠18 years, 356 days)
000000001848-02-23-0000Feb 23, 1848
7004294460000000000♠80 years, 227 days
(29,446 days)

7
Jackson, AndrewAndrew Jackson
000000001767-03-15-0000Mar 15, 1767
000000001829-03-04-0000Mar 4, 1829
7004226340000000000♠61 years, 354 days
000000001837-03-04-0000Mar 4, 1837
7004255560000000000♠69 years, 354 days
03,0183,018 days
(7003301800000000000♠8 years, 96 days)
000000001845-06-08-0000Jun 8, 1845
7004285740000000000♠78 years, 85 days
(28,574 days)

8
Van Buren, MartinMartin Van Buren
000000001782-12-05-0000Dec 5, 1782
000000001837-03-04-0000Mar 4, 1837
7004198120000000000♠54 years, 89 days
000000001841-03-04-0000Mar 4, 1841
7004212730000000000♠58 years, 89 days
07,8127,812 days
(7003781200000000000♠21 years, 142 days)
000000001862-07-24-0000Jul 24, 1862
7004290850000000000♠79 years, 231 days
(29,085 days)

9
Harrison, William H.William H. Harrison
000000001773-02-09-0000Feb 9, 1773
000000001841-03-04-0000Mar 4, 1841
7004248590000000000♠68 years, 23 days
000000001841-04-04-0000Apr 4, 1841[b]
7004248900000000000♠68 years, 54 days
00,0000 days
000000001841-04-04-0000Apr 4, 1841
7004248900000000000♠68 years, 54 days
(24,890 days)

10
Tyler, JohnJohn Tyler
000000001790-03-29-0000Mar 29, 1790
000000001841-04-04-0000Apr 4, 1841
7004186330000000000♠51 years, 6 days
000000001845-03-04-0000Mar 4, 1845
7004200630000000000♠54 years, 340 days
06,1646,164 days
(7003616400000000000♠16 years, 320 days)
000000001862-01-18-0000Jan 18, 1862
7004262270000000000♠71 years, 295 days
(26,227 days)

11
Polk, James K.James K. Polk
000000001795-11-02-0000Nov 2, 1795
000000001845-03-04-0000Mar 4, 1845
7004180190000000000♠49 years, 122 days
000000001849-03-04-0000Mar 4, 1849
7004194800000000000♠53 years, 122 days
00,103103 days
000000001849-06-15-0000Jun 15, 1849
7004195830000000000♠53 years, 225 days
(19,583 days)

12
Taylor, ZacharyZachary Taylor
000000001784-11-24-0000Nov 24, 1784
000000001849-03-04-0000Mar 4, 1849
7004234750000000000♠64 years, 100 days
000000001850-07-09-0000Jul 9, 1850[b]
7004239670000000000♠65 years, 227 days
00,0000 days
000000001850-07-09-0000Jul 9, 1850
7004239670000000000♠65 years, 227 days
(23,967 days)

13
Fillmore, MillardMillard Fillmore
000000001800-01-07-0000Jan 7, 1800
000000001850-07-09-0000Jul 9, 1850
7004184450000000000♠50 years, 183 days
000000001853-03-04-0000Mar 4, 1853
7004194140000000000♠53 years, 56 days
07,6747,674 days
(7003767400000000000♠21 years, 4 days)
000000001874-03-08-0000Mar 8, 1874
7004270880000000000♠74 years, 60 days
(27,088 days)

14
Pierce, FranklinFranklin Pierce
000000001804-11-23-0000Nov 23, 1804
000000001853-03-04-0000Mar 4, 1853
7004176330000000000♠48 years, 101 days
000000001857-03-04-0000Mar 4, 1857
7004190940000000000♠52 years, 101 days
04,6014,601 days
(7003460100000000000♠12 years, 218 days)
000000001869-10-08-0000Oct 8, 1869
7004236950000000000♠64 years, 319 days
(23,695 days)

15
Buchanan, JamesJames Buchanan
000000001791-04-23-0000Apr 23, 1791
000000001857-03-04-0000Mar 4, 1857
7004240560000000000♠65 years, 315 days
000000001861-03-04-0000Mar 4, 1861
7004255170000000000♠69 years, 315 days
02,6462,646 days
(7003264600000000000♠7 years, 89 days)
000000001868-06-01-0000Jun 1, 1868
7004281630000000000♠77 years, 39 days
(28,163 days)

16
Lincoln, AbrahamAbraham Lincoln
000000001809-02-12-0000Feb 12, 1809
000000001861-03-04-0000Mar 4, 1861
7004190130000000000♠52 years, 20 days
000000001865-04-15-0000Apr 15, 1865[b]
7004205160000000000♠56 years, 62 days
00,0000 days
000000001865-04-15-0000Apr 15, 1865
7004205160000000000♠56 years, 62 days
(20,516 days)

17
Johnson, AndrewAndrew Johnson
000000001808-12-29-0000Dec 29, 1808
000000001865-04-15-0000Apr 15, 1865
7004205610000000000♠56 years, 107 days
000000001869-03-04-0000Mar 4, 1869
7004219800000000000♠60 years, 65 days
02,3402,340 days
(7003234000000000000♠6 years, 149 days)
000000001875-07-31-0000Jul 31, 1875
7004243200000000000♠66 years, 214 days
(24,320 days)

18
Grant, Ulysses S.Ulysses S. Grant
000000001822-04-27-0000Apr 27, 1822
000000001869-03-04-0000Mar 4, 1869
7004171130000000000♠46 years, 311 days
000000001877-03-04-0000Mar 4, 1877
7004200350000000000♠54 years, 311 days
03,0633,063 days
(7003306300000000000♠8 years, 141 days)
000000001885-07-23-0000Jul 23, 1885
7004230980000000000♠63 years, 87 days
(23,098 days)

19
Hayes, Rutherford B.Rutherford B. Hayes
000000001822-10-04-0000Oct 4, 1822
000000001877-03-04-0000Mar 4, 1877
7004198750000000000♠54 years, 151 days
000000001881-03-04-0000Mar 4, 1881
7004213360000000000♠58 years, 151 days
04,3374,337 days
(7003433700000000000♠11 years, 319 days)
000000001893-01-17-0000Jan 17, 1893
7004256730000000000♠70 years, 105 days
(25,673 days)

20
Garfield, James A.James A. Garfield
000000001831-11-19-0000Nov 19, 1831
000000001881-03-04-0000Mar 4, 1881
7004180030000000000♠49 years, 105 days
000000001881-09-19-0000Sep 19, 1881[b]
7004182020000000000♠49 years, 304 days
00,0000 days
000000001881-09-19-0000Sep 19, 1881
7004182020000000000♠49 years, 304 days
(18,202 days)

21
Arthur, Chester A.Chester A. Arthur
000000001829-10-05-0000Oct 5, 1829
000000001881-09-19-0000Sep 19, 1881
7004189770000000000♠51 years, 349 days
000000001885-03-04-0000Mar 4, 1885
7004202390000000000♠55 years, 150 days
00,624624 days
(7002624000000000000♠1 year, 259 days)
000000001886-11-18-0000Nov 18, 1886
7004208630000000000♠57 years, 44 days
(20,863 days)

22
Cleveland, GroverGrover Cleveland
000000001837-03-18-0000Mar 18, 1837
000000001885-03-04-0000Mar 4, 1885
7004175180000000000♠47 years, 351 days
000000001889-03-04-0000Mar 4, 1889
7004189790000000000♠51 years, 351 days
05,5905,590 days[c]
(15 years, 112 days)
000000001908-06-24-0000Jun 24, 1908
7004260300000000000♠71 years, 98 days
(26,030 days)

23
Harrison, BenjaminBenjamin Harrison
000000001833-08-20-0000Aug 20, 1833
000000001889-03-04-0000Mar 4, 1889
7004202850000000000♠55 years, 196 days
000000001893-03-04-0000Mar 4, 1893
7004217460000000000♠59 years, 196 days
02,9302,930 days
(7003293000000000000♠8 years, 9 days)
000000001901-03-13-0000Mar 13, 1901
7004246760000000000♠67 years, 205 days
(24,676 days)

24
Cleveland, GroverGrover Cleveland
000000001837-03-18-0000Mar 18, 1837
000000001893-03-04-0000Mar 4, 1893
7004204400000000000♠55 years, 351 days
000000001897-03-04-0000Mar 4, 1897
7004219010000000000♠59 years, 351 days
05,5905,590 days[c]
(15 years, 112 days)
000000001908-06-24-0000Jun 24, 1908
7004260300000000000♠71 years, 98 days
(26,030 days)

25
McKinley, WilliamWilliam McKinley
000000001843-01-29-0000Jan 29, 1843
000000001897-03-04-0000Mar 4, 1897
7004197580000000000♠54 years, 34 days
000000001901-09-14-0000Sep 14, 1901[b]
7004214120000000000♠58 years, 228 days
00,0000 days
000000001901-09-14-0000Sep 14, 1901
7004214120000000000♠58 years, 228 days
(21,412 days)

26
Roosevelt, TheodoreTheodore Roosevelt
000000001858-10-27-0000Oct 27, 1858
000000001901-09-14-0000Sep 14, 1901
7004156620000000000♠42 years, 322 days
000000001909-03-04-0000Mar 4, 1909
7004183900000000000♠50 years, 128 days
03,5953,595 days
(7003359500000000000♠9 years, 308 days)
000000001919-01-06-0000Jan 6, 1919
7004219850000000000♠60 years, 71 days
(21,985 days)

27
Taft, William H.William H. Taft
000000001857-09-15-0000Sep 15, 1857
000000001909-03-04-0000Mar 4, 1909
7004187970000000000♠51 years, 170 days
000000001913-03-04-0000Mar 4, 1913
7004202580000000000♠55 years, 170 days
06,2136,213 days
(7003621300000000000♠17 years, 4 days)
000000001930-03-08-0000Mar 8, 1930
7004264710000000000♠72 years, 174 days
(26,471 days)

28
Wilson, WoodrowWoodrow Wilson
000000001856-12-28-0000Dec 28, 1856
000000001913-03-04-0000Mar 4, 1913
7004205190000000000♠56 years, 66 days
000000001921-03-04-0000Mar 4, 1921
7004234410000000000♠64 years, 66 days
01,0661,066 days
(7003106600000000000♠2 years, 336 days)
000000001924-02-03-0000Feb 3, 1924
7004245070000000000♠67 years, 37 days
(24,507 days)

29
Harding, Warren G.Warren G. Harding
000000001865-11-02-0000Nov 2, 1865
000000001921-03-04-0000Mar 4, 1921
7004202100000000000♠55 years, 122 days
000000001923-08-02-0000Aug 2, 1923[b]
7004210910000000000♠57 years, 273 days
00,0000 days
000000001923-08-02-0000Aug 2, 1923
7004210910000000000♠57 years, 273 days
(21,091 days)

30
Coolidge, CalvinCalvin Coolidge
000000001872-07-04-0000Jul 4, 1872
000000001923-08-02-0000Aug 2, 1923
7004186550000000000♠51 years, 29 days
000000001929-03-04-0000Mar 4, 1929
7004206960000000000♠56 years, 243 days
01,4031,403 days
(7003140300000000000♠3 years, 307 days)
000000001933-01-05-0000Jan 5, 1933
7004220990000000000♠60 years, 185 days
(22,099 days)

31
Hoover, HerbertHerbert Hoover
000000001874-08-10-0000Aug 10, 1874
000000001929-03-04-0000Mar 4, 1929
7004199290000000000♠54 years, 206 days
000000001933-03-04-0000Mar 4, 1933
7004213900000000000♠58 years, 206 days
11,55311,553 days
(7004115530000000000♠31 years, 230 days)
000000001964-10-20-0000Oct 20, 1964
7004329430000000000♠90 years, 71 days
(32,943 days)

32
Roosevelt, Franklin D.Franklin D. Roosevelt
000000001882-01-30-0000Jan 30, 1882
000000001933-03-04-0000Mar 4, 1933
7004186600000000000♠51 years, 33 days
000000001945-04-12-0000Apr 12, 1945[b]
7004230820000000000♠63 years, 72 days
00,0000 days
000000001945-04-12-0000Apr 12, 1945
7004230820000000000♠63 years, 72 days
(23,082 days)

33
Truman, Harry S.Harry S. Truman
000000001884-05-08-0000May 8, 1884
000000001945-04-12-0000Apr 12, 1945
7004222530000000000♠60 years, 339 days
000000001953-01-20-0000Jan 20, 1953
7004250930000000000♠68 years, 257 days
07,2807,280 days
(7003728000000000000♠19 years, 341 days)
000000001972-12-26-0000Dec 26, 1972
7004323730000000000♠88 years, 232 days
(32,373 days)

34
Eisenhower, Dwight D.Dwight D. Eisenhower
000000001890-10-14-0000Oct 14, 1890
000000001953-01-20-0000Jan 20, 1953
7004227430000000000♠62 years, 98 days
000000001961-01-20-0000Jan 20, 1961
7004256650000000000♠70 years, 98 days
02,9892,989 days
(7003298900000000000♠8 years, 67 days)
000000001969-03-28-0000Mar 28, 1969
7004286540000000000♠78 years, 165 days
(28,654 days)

35
Kennedy, John F.John F. Kennedy
000000001917-05-29-0000May 29, 1917
000000001961-01-20-0000Jan 20, 1961
7004159420000000000♠43 years, 236 days
000000001963-11-22-0000Nov 22, 1963[b]
7004169780000000000♠46 years, 177 days
00,0000 days
000000001963-11-22-0000Nov 22, 1963
7004169780000000000♠46 years, 177 days
(16,978 days)

36
Johnson, Lyndon B.Lyndon B. Johnson
000000001908-08-27-0000Aug 27, 1908
000000001963-11-22-0000Nov 22, 1963
7004201750000000000♠55 years, 87 days
000000001969-01-20-0000Jan 20, 1969
7004220610000000000♠60 years, 146 days
01,4631,463 days
(7003146300000000000♠4 years, 2 days)
000000001973-01-22-0000Jan 22, 1973
7004235240000000000♠64 years, 148 days
(23,524 days)

37
Nixon, RichardRichard Nixon
000000001913-01-09-0000Jan 9, 1913
000000001969-01-20-0000Jan 20, 1969
7004204650000000000♠56 years, 11 days
000000001974-08-09-0000Aug 9, 1974[d]
7004224920000000000♠61 years, 212 days
07,1967,196 days
(7003719600000000000♠19 years, 256 days)
000000001994-04-22-0000Apr 22, 1994
7004296880000000000♠81 years, 103 days
(29,688 days)

38
Ford, GeraldGerald Ford
000000001913-07-14-0000Jul 14, 1913
000000001974-08-09-0000Aug 9, 1974
7004223060000000000♠61 years, 26 days
000000001977-01-20-0000Jan 20, 1977
7004232010000000000♠63 years, 190 days
10,93210,932 days
(7004109320000000000♠29 years, 340 days)
000000002006-12-26-0000Dec 26, 2006
7004341330000000000♠93 years, 165 days
(34,133 days)

39
Carter, JimmyJimmy Carter
000000001924-10-01-0000Oct 1, 1924
000000001977-01-20-0000Jan 20, 1977
7004191040000000000♠52 years, 111 days
000000001981-01-20-0000Jan 20, 1981
7004205650000000000♠56 years, 111 days
13,61013,610 days[e]
(7004136100000000000♠37 years, 96 days)
2018-04-26
7004341750000000000♠93 years, 207 days(34,175 days)

40
Reagan, RonaldRonald Reagan
000000001911-02-06-0000Feb 6, 1911
000000001981-01-20-0000Jan 20, 1981
7004255510000000000♠69 years, 349 days
000000001989-01-20-0000Jan 20, 1989
7004284730000000000♠77 years, 349 days
05,6155,615 days
(7003561500000000000♠15 years, 137 days)
000000002004-06-05-0000Jun 5, 2004
7004340880000000000♠93 years, 120 days
(34,088 days)

41
Bush, George H. W.George H. W. Bush
000000001924-06-12-0000Jun 12, 1924
000000001989-01-20-0000Jan 20, 1989
7004235980000000000♠64 years, 222 days
000000001993-01-20-0000Jan 20, 1993
7004250590000000000♠68 years, 222 days
09,2279,227 days[e]
(7003922700000000000♠25 years, 96 days)
2018-04-26
7004342860000000000♠93 years, 318 days(34,286 days)

42
Clinton, BillBill Clinton
000000001946-08-19-0000Aug 19, 1946
000000001993-01-20-0000Jan 20, 1993
7004169560000000000♠46 years, 154 days
000000002001-01-20-0000Jan 20, 2001
7004198780000000000♠54 years, 154 days
06,3056,305 days[e]
(7003630500000000000♠17 years, 96 days)
2018-04-26
7004261830000000000♠71 years, 250 days(26,183 days)

43
Bush, George W.George W. Bush
000000001946-07-06-0000Jul 6, 1946
000000002001-01-20-0000Jan 20, 2001
7004199220000000000♠54 years, 198 days
000000002009-01-20-0000Jan 20, 2009
7004228440000000000♠62 years, 198 days
03,3833,383 days[e]
(7003338300000000000♠9 years, 96 days)
2018-04-26
7004262270000000000♠71 years, 294 days(26,227 days)

44
Obama, BarackBarack Obama
000000001961-08-04-0000Aug 4, 1961
000000002009-01-20-0000Jan 20, 2009
7004173360000000000♠47 years, 169 days
000000002017-01-20-0000Jan 20, 2017
7004202580000000000♠55 years, 169 days
00,134461461 days[e]
(7002461000000000000♠1 year, 96 days)
2018-04-26
7004207190000000000♠56 years, 265 days(20,719 days)

45
Trump, DonaldDonald Trump
000000001946-06-14-0000Jun 14, 1946
000000002017-01-20-0000Jan 20, 2017
7004257880000000000♠70 years, 220 days
2018-04-26
7004288540000000000♠78 years, 364 days
24,952
2018-04-26
7004262490000000000♠71 years, 316 days(26,249 days)

#
President
Birth date
Presidency
start date
Age at
start date
Presidency
end date
Age at
end date
Post-presidency
timespan
Death date
Lifespan

text: Notes[edit]

text:
^ Jump up to: a b c d Birthdate as changed to New Style.
^ Jump up to: a b c d e f g h Died in office.
^ Jump up to: a b Cleveland was retired for 1,461 days between his two terms (1889–1893), and then another 4,129 days from the end of his 2nd term (1897) until his death (1908).
Jump up ^ Resigned from office.
^ Jump up to: a b c d e As of April 26, 2018.

tag: ol

text: Oldest living U.S. presidents[edit]

text: Of the 44 persons who have served as president, 24 have become the oldest such individual of their time. Herbert Hoover held this distinction for the longest period of any, from the death of Calvin Coolidge in January 1933 until his own death 31 years later. Lyndon B. Johnson held it for the shortest, from the death of Harry S. Truman in December 1972 until his own death only 27 days later.

text: On three occasions the oldest living president lost this distinction not by his death, but by the inauguration of a president who was older. Theodore Roosevelt (born 1858) lost this distinction when William Taft (born 1857) was inaugurated, then four years later Taft lost it when Woodrow Wilson (born 1856) was inaugurated. More recently, Richard Nixon (born 1913) ceased being the oldest living president when Ronald Reagan (born 1911) was inaugurated. Furthermore, although Theodore Roosevelt was the youngest ever to become both the oldest living president (at age 49) and a former president (at age 50), he was the only living president or former president by the end of his term. Consequently, Taft was the oldest living president twice: first during his presidency (having succeeded the younger Roosevelt), and a second time after Wilson (his successor as president but an older man) died. Gerald Ford was the oldest individual to acquire this distinction, at the age of 90.

text: On seven occasions, the oldest living president has acquired this distinction during his term in office. In the cases of John Adams, Ulysses S. Grant, Theodore Roosevelt, Herbert Hoover and Richard Nixon, this happened at the same time as their becoming the only living president; in the cases of Andrew Jackson and Benjamin Harrison, the only other living president at the time was a younger predecessor (John Quincy Adams and Grover Cleveland respectively). By contrast, the president who acquired this distinction furthest from his time in office was Gerald Ford, who had been retired for 7003999800000000000♠27 years, 137 days.

text:
President
Dates
Age at
start date
Age at
end date
Length

Washington, GeorgeGeorge Washington
000000001789-04-30-0000April 30, 1789 – December 14, 1799
7004208870000000000♠57 years, 67 days
7004247670000000000♠67 years, 295 days
7003388000000000000♠10 years, 228 days

Adams, JohnJohn Adams
000000001799-12-14-0000December 14, 1799 – July 4, 1826
7004234210000000000♠64 years, 45 days
7004331190000000000♠90 years, 247 days
7003969800000000000♠26 years, 202 days

Madison, JamesJames Madison
000000001826-07-04-0000July 4, 1826 – June 28, 1836
7004275030000000000♠75 years, 110 days
7004311500000000000♠85 years, 104 days
7003364700000000000♠9 years, 360 days

Jackson, AndrewAndrew Jackson
000000001836-06-28-0000June 28, 1836 – June 8, 1845
7004253070000000000♠69 years, 105 days
7004285740000000000♠78 years, 85 days
7003326700000000000♠8 years, 345 days

Adams, John QuincyJohn Quincy Adams
000000001845-06-08-0000June 8, 1845 – February 23, 1848
7004284560000000000♠77 years, 332 days
7004294460000000000♠80 years, 227 days
7002990000000000000♠2 years, 260 days

Van Buren, MartinMartin Van Buren
000000001848-02-23-0000February 23, 1848 – July 24, 1862
7004238200000000000♠65 years, 80 days
7004290850000000000♠79 years, 231 days
7003526500000000000♠14 years, 151 days

Buchanan, JamesJames Buchanan
000000001862-07-24-0000July 24, 1862 – June 1, 1868
7004260240000000000♠71 years, 92 days
7004281630000000000♠77 years, 39 days
7003213900000000000♠5 years, 313 days

Fillmore, MillardMillard Fillmore
000000001868-06-01-0000June 1, 1868 – March 8, 1874
7004249820000000000♠68 years, 146 days
7004270880000000000♠74 years, 60 days
7003210600000000000♠5 years, 280 days

Johnson, AndrewAndrew Johnson
000000001874-03-08-0000March 8, 1874 – July 31, 1875
7004238100000000000♠65 years, 69 days
7004243200000000000♠66 years, 214 days
7002510000000000000♠1 year, 145 days

Grant, Ulysses S.Ulysses S. Grant
000000001875-07-31-0000July 31, 1875 – July 23, 1885
7004194530000000000♠53 years, 95 days
7004230980000000000♠63 years, 87 days
7003364500000000000♠9 years, 357 days

Hayes, Rutherford B.Rutherford B. Hayes
000000001885-07-23-0000July 23, 1885 – January 17, 1893
7004229380000000000♠62 years, 292 days
7004256730000000000♠70 years, 105 days
7003273500000000000♠7 years, 178 days

Harrison, BenjaminBenjamin Harrison
000000001893-01-17-0000January 17, 1893 – March 13, 1901
7004217000000000000♠59 years, 150 days
7004246760000000000♠67 years, 205 days
7003297600000000000♠8 years, 55 days

Cleveland, GroverGrover Cleveland
000000001901-03-13-0000March 13, 1901 – June 24, 1908
7004233700000000000♠63 years, 360 days
7004260300000000000♠71 years, 98 days
7003266000000000000♠7 years, 103 days

Roosevelt, TheodoreTheodore Roosevelt
000000001908-06-24-0000June 24, 1908 – March 4, 1909
7004181370000000000♠49 years, 241 days
7004183900000000000♠50 years, 128 days
7002253000000000000♠253 days

Taft, William HowardWilliam Howard Taft
000000001909-03-04-0000March 4, 1909 – March 4, 1913
7004187970000000000♠51 years, 170 days
7004202580000000000♠55 years, 170 days
7003146100000000000♠4 years, 0 days

Wilson, WoodrowWoodrow Wilson
000000001913-03-04-0000March 4, 1913 – February 3, 1924
7004205190000000000♠56 years, 66 days
7004245070000000000♠67 years, 37 days
7003398800000000000♠10 years, 336 days

Taft, William HowardWilliam Howard Taft
000000001924-02-03-0000February 3, 1924 – March 8, 1930
7004242460000000000♠66 years, 141 days
7004264710000000000♠72 years, 174 days
7003222500000000000♠6 years, 33 days

Coolidge, CalvinCalvin Coolidge
000000001930-03-08-0000March 8, 1930 – January 5, 1933
7004210650000000000♠57 years, 247 days
7004220990000000000♠60 years, 185 days
7003103400000000000♠2 years, 303 days

Hoover, HerbertHerbert Hoover
000000001933-01-05-0000January 5, 1933 – October 20, 1964
7004213320000000000♠58 years, 148 days
7004329430000000000♠90 years, 71 days
7004116110000000000♠31 years, 289 days

Truman, Harry S.Harry S. Truman
000000001964-10-20-0000October 20, 1964 – December 26, 1972
7004293840000000000♠80 years, 165 days
7004323730000000000♠88 years, 232 days
7003298900000000000♠8 years, 67 days

Johnson, Lyndon B.Lyndon B. Johnson
000000001972-12-26-0000December 26, 1972 – January 22, 1973
7004234970000000000♠64 years, 121 days
7004235240000000000♠64 years, 148 days
7001270000000000000♠27 days

Nixon, RichardRichard Nixon
000000001973-01-22-0000January 22, 1973 – January 20, 1981
7004219280000000000♠60 years, 13 days
7004248480000000000♠68 years, 11 days
7003292000000000000♠7 years, 364 days

Reagan, RonaldRonald Reagan
000000001981-01-20-0000January 20, 1981 – June 5, 2004
7004255510000000000♠69 years, 349 days
7004340880000000000♠93 years, 120 days
7003853700000000000♠23 years, 137 days

Ford, GeraldGerald Ford
000000002004-06-05-0000June 5, 2004 – December 26, 2006
7004331990000000000♠90 years, 327 days
7004341330000000000♠93 years, 165 days
7002934000000000000♠2 years, 204 days

Bush, George H. W.George H. W. Bush
000000002006-12-26-0000December 26, 2006 – present
7004301470000000000♠82 years, 197 days
Current
7003413900000000000♠11 years, 121 days

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document_title: Islam and clothing

question_text: what is the name of the muslim dress

question_tokens: what is the name of the muslim dress

text: Islam and clothing

text: Islamic dress in Europe[edit]

text: Islamic dress in Europe, notably the variety of headdresses worn by Muslim women, has become a prominent symbol of the presence of Islam in western Europe. In several countries the adherence to hijab (an Arabic noun meaning "to cover") has led to political controversies and proposals for a legal ban. The Netherlands government has decided to introduce a ban on face-covering clothing, popularly described as the "burqa ban", although it does not only apply to the Afghan-model burqa. Other countries, such as France and Australia are debating similar legislation, or have more limited prohibitions. Some of them apply only to face-covering clothing such as the burqa, chador, boushiya, or niqab; some apply to any clothing with an Islamic religious symbolism such as the khimar, a type of headscarf (some countries already have laws banning the wearing of masks in public, which can be applied to veils that conceal the face). The issue has different names in different countries, and "the veil" or "hijab" may be used as general terms for the debate, representing more than just the veil itself, or the concept of modesty embodied in hijab.

text: Although the Balkans and Eastern Europe have indigenous Muslim populations, most Muslims in western Europe are members of immigrant communities. The issue of Islamic dress is linked with issues of immigration and the position of Islam in western society. European Commissioner Franco Frattini said in November 2006, that he did not favour a ban on the burqa.[5] This is apparently the first official statement on the issue of prohibition of Islamic dress from the European Commission, the executive of the European Union. The reasons given for prohibition vary. Legal bans on face-covering clothing are often justified on security grounds, as an anti-terrorism measure.[6][7]

text: Ayaan Hirsi Ali sees Islam as incompatible with Western values, at least in its present form. She advocates the values of 'Enlightenment liberalism', including secularism and equality of women. For her, the burqa or chador are both a symbol of religious obscurantism and the oppression of women. Western Enlightenment values, in her view, require prohibition, regardless of whether a woman has freely chosen Islamic dress. Islamic dress is also seen as a symbol of the existence of parallel societies, and the failure of integration: in 2006 British Prime Minister Tony Blair described it as a "mark of separation".[8] Visible symbols of a non-Christian culture conflict with the national identity in European states, which assumes a shared (non-religious) culture. Proposals for a ban may be linked to other related cultural prohibitions: the Dutch politician Geert Wilders proposed a ban on hijabs, in Islamic schools, in new mosques, and in non-western immigration.

text: In France and Turkey, the emphasis is on the secular nature of the state, and the symbolic nature of the Islamic dress. In Turkey, bans apply at state institutions (courts, civil service) and in state-funded education. In 2004, France passed a law banning "symbols or clothes through which students conspicuously display their religious affiliation" (including hijab) in public primary schools, middle schools, and secondary schools,[9] but this law does not concern universities (in French universities, applicable legislation grants students freedom of expression as long as public order is preserved[10]). These bans also cover Islamic headscarves, which in some other countries are seen as less controversial, although law court staff in the Netherlands are also forbidden to wear Islamic headscarves on grounds of 'state neutrality'. An apparently less politicised argument is that in specific professions (teaching), a ban on "veils" (niqab) is justified, since face-to-face communication and eye contact is required. This argument has featured prominently in judgements in Britain and the Netherlands, after students or teachers were banned from wearing face-covering clothing. Public and political response to such prohibition proposals is complex, since by definition they mean that the government decides on individual clothing. Some non-Muslims, who would not be affected by a ban, see it as an issue of civil liberties, as a slippery slope leading to further restrictions on private life. A public opinion poll in London showed that 75 percent of Londoners support "the right of all persons to dress in accordance with their religious beliefs".[11] In another poll in the United Kingdom by Ipsos MORI, 61 percent agreed that "Muslim women are segregating themselves" by wearing a veil, yet 77 percent thought they should have the right to wear it.[12]

text: Hijab[edit]

text: The Arabic word hijab (حجاب) literally translates into English as "veil".[13] Adherents of Islam believe that it was originally implemented by God in order to secure Muhammad's privacy and create a distinction between the public and private spheres of his life.[14] The word hijab applied to both men and women in terms of protecting both their private lives from outsiders and to protect one's own honor rather than in specific relation to one's sexual activity or desires.[13]

text: The veil re-emerged as a topic of conversation in the 1990s when there was concern regarding potential western infiltration of Muslim practices in Islamic countries.[15] The veil had a new purpose of shielding Muslim women from western influence. There were several religious leaders that reinforced that an additional purpose of the hijab was to protect the Islamic people and customs.

text: Hijab by country[edit]

text: It has been suggested that this article be merged with Hijab by country. (Discuss) Proposed since December 2016.

text: The hijab has different legal and cultural statuses in various countries. There are countries which have banned the wearing of all overt religious symbols, including the hijab (a Muslim headscarf, literally Arabic "to cover"), in public schools or universities or government buildings.

text: Austria[edit]

text: In 2017, a legal ban on face-covering Islamic clothing were adopted by the Austrian parliament.[16]

text: Belgium[edit]

text: On 31 March 2010 the Belgian Chamber Committee on the Interior unanimously approved legislation instating a nationwide ban on wearing the burqa in public.[17] The proposal was accepted by the Chamber of Representatives on 27 April 2010 with only two abstentions from Flemish Socialist MPs.[18]

text: Bulgaria[edit]

text: In 2016, a legal ban on face-covering Islamic clothing were adopted by the Bulgarian parliament.[19]

text: France[edit]

text: In April 2011, France became the first European nation to ban face covering in public space. Balaclavas, face-covering niqabs, full-body burqas and carnival masks (outside carnival season) are prohibited,[20][21][22] though hijab is permitted in public space, because it doesn't hide the face. The law was passed unanimously asserting that face-covering, including Muslim veils are contrary to the principles of security on which France is founded.[23] Sharp criticism had accompanied France's nearly year-long debate on banning burqa-style veils, with those opposed saying, among other things, that the entire process has stigmatized the nation's estimated 5 million Muslims – the largest Muslim population in western Europe. They also claim it is a political ploy because only an estimated 1,900 women wear veils that hide the face.[23]

text: Latvia[edit]

text: In 2016, a legal ban on face-covering Islamic clothing were adopted by the Latvian parliament.[24]

text: Netherlands[edit]

text: The Dutch government parliament in January 2012 enacted a ban on face-covering clothing, popularly described as the "burqa ban".[25] Offenders can be fined up to 390 euro. The prohibition does not apply to face covering that is necessary for the health, safety or the exercise of a profession or practicing a sport. Excluded from the ban are also events such as Sinterklaas, Carnival, Halloween or when a mayor granted an exemption for a particular event. Also excluded from prohibition are places and buildings intended for religious purposes. The prohibition does not apply to passengers in airplanes and airports who are traveling through the Netherlands to their final destination.[26]

text: Turkey[edit]

text: Turkish women who want to wear the hijab – the traditional Islamic headscarf covering the head and hair, but not the face – to civil service jobs and government offices will be able to do so now that the Turkish government has relaxed its decades-long restriction on wearing the headscarf in state institutions.[27] The new rules, which don’t apply to workers in the military or judiciary, came into effect in 2013, and were put into place to address concerns that the restrictions on hijab were discouraging women from conservative backgrounds from seeking government jobs or higher education.[27] "A dark time eventually comes to an end," Turkish Prime Minister Recep Tayyip Erdogan said in a speech to the parliament. "Headscarf-wearing women are full members of the republic, as well as those who do not wear it."[27]

text: Syria[edit]

text: In 2011, Syrian President Bashar Assad reversed a decision that bans teachers from wearing the niqab. The move was seen as an attempt to appease religious conservatives in the Sunni majority as he faced down the uprising challenging his authoritarian rule. The government had banned the veil in July 2010. Syria was the latest in a string of nations from Europe to the Middle East to weigh in on the veil, perhaps the most visible symbol of conservative Islam.[28]

text: Pakistan[edit]

text: In Pakistan, the topic of the hijab is extraordinarily controversial. The veil is constantly a topic of debate and has been for decades now. The PewResearchCenter gathered information on several countries, including Pakistan, and came back with results on how people’s perceptions of the veil differ across the world: "In Pakistan, there is an even split (31% vs. 32%) between woman #3 and woman #2, who is wearing a niqab that exposes only her eyes, while nearly a quarter (24%) choose woman #4."[29] The results show that there is still a lot of debate about what type of dress women perceive to be most appropriate, and it seems that the debate will continue to go on for many years to come.

text: Egypt[edit]

text: On 8 January 2014, the Pew Research Center conducted a survey of Muslim women in various countries.[30] An overwhelming eighty-nine percent of Egyptian women who responded to the survey believed that women should show their face in public. Ten percent of the survey participants believed that women should be fully veiled when in public. Compared to other countries, Egypt is not as conservative as others, but only fourteen percent of the women surveyed believed that Egyptian women should be able to choose their own clothing. Compared to six other countries, Egypt was last in this category; the statistic (eighty-four percent) suggests that Egyptian women, in general, do not believe that women should have freedom to choose their clothing.

text: Saudi Arabia[edit]

text: Saudi Arabia is one of the few Muslim countries in which women are forced to cover in most parts of the country.[31] While opinion surveys in Saudi Arabia suggests a strong belief that women should be covered, paradoxically there is also a strong belief that women should have the right to choose what they wear.[32]

text: A survey done in 2011 by the Pew Research Center asked women of different Muslim countries to choose which of several dresses they think are most appropriate for their country. Among Saudi women, 11% of women said a fully headed burqa is most appropriate, 63% of women said the niqab that only exposes the eyes is appropriate, only 8% said a black hijab covering the hair and ears is appropriate, 10% said a less conservative white hijab covering the hair and ears is appropriate, a small 5% said an even less conservative hijab that is brown and shows some hair is appropriate and a mere 3% said not wearing any covering was appropriate. The niqab is the dress that the highest percent of Saudi women felt was appropriate dress for women in Saudi Arabia. In accordance with these statistics, the Saudi woman that is used in the video, cited above, to show the popular view of Saudi women was wearing this niqab that only exposed her eyes.[30]

text: Somalia[edit]

text: During regular, day-to-day activities, Somali women usually wear the guntiino, a long stretch of cloth tied over the shoulder and draped around the waist. In more formal settings such as weddings or religious celebrations like Eid, women wear the dirac, which is a long, light, diaphanous voile dress made of cotton or polyester that is worn over a full-length half-slip and a brassiere. Married women tend to sport head-scarves referred to as shash, and also often cover their upper body with a shawl known as garbasaar. Unmarried or young women, however, do not always cover their heads. Traditional Arabian garb such as the hijab and the jilbab is also commonly worn.[33]

text: Hijab in the Americas[edit]

text: United States[edit]

text: The New York Times published a flip-book of illuminating photographs of Muslim women dressed in different levels of modesty.[34]

text: The Supreme Court of the United States ruled against an Abercrombie and Fitch dress policy that prohibited the job applicant Samantha Elauf from wearing a hijab.[35]

text: Canada[edit]

text: In 2011, the Canadian government made it illegal for women to wear face-covering garments at citizenship ceremonies, because the judge must be able to see each person's face reciting their oath. In 2012, the Supreme Court issued a rare split decision on whether women could cover their faces on the witness stand. Four judges said it depended on the circumstances, two said witnesses should never cover their face, and one said a Muslim witness should never be ordered to remove her veil. Canada is considering a wider ban on veils in government offices, schools, and hospitals.[36] The provincial government of French-speaking Quebec this year has proposed a law that would outlaw all religious regalia — including Muslim scarves and veils, turbans, Jewish skullcaps and Christian crucifixes — from state buildings.

text: South America[edit]

text: Argentina[edit]

text: Argentina has proven to be a country that has given more freedom to its Muslim population relative to the more oppressive governments that exist. In 2011 Argentinian President Cristina Fernández pushed for legislation which allowed for Muslim women to wear hijab in public places.[37] According to the new law Argentine Muslim women can wear a hijab while being photographed for their national id cards. The law was created in order to help promote freedom of religion and expression in the country, and help the Muslim population, which is estimated to be between 450,000 and one million, feel more integrated into society.[37][38]

text: Chile[edit]

text: Chile has a minority Muslim population. Fuad Mussa, the President of the Islamic Cultural Centre, is quoted as saying that "there is a general ignorance among Chileans about Islam.[39] This was after a Chilean citizen was refused service at a bank because of her Hijab in 2010, and would not be served until she removed her Hijab.

text: Muslim women's views on hijab[edit]

text: There are many different views of Muslim women regarding the hijab. Some[40] women believe that the hijab is too constraining and accept other Muslim women's donning of the garment, whereas other women[40] are against both themselves and other women wearing the hijab due to its oppressive nature. On the other hand, some women[40] embrace the hijab as a way to celebrate their religion and feel that it helps them maintain their intellectuality rather than becoming a sex object in society, and do not understand why other Muslim women do not wear the hijab. Other Muslim women[40] wear the hijab because it has been part of their family tradition, and they do not want to give up something that is sacred to their family. There are women[40] that wear the hijab that do not judge those that do not and believe it is in all Muslim women's best interest to choose for themselves regarding whether they will don the veil or not. The subject is complex and layered, and below are a few anecdotes to provide real Muslim women's experiences with the hijab and their views.

text: Pro-hijab[edit]

text: Muslim women do not necessarily view the hijab as oppressive garment that is forced upon them as many westerners believe. Syima Aslam, a Muslim businesswoman from England, feels a special place for the hijab in her heart and feels that it directly connects her to Islam. Although she garners some disdain and disapproval of her choice to wear the hijab from some business partners, she stands firmly by her choice to don the hijab.[41] Another young woman by the name of Rowaida Abdelaziz explains that the hijab is something that she has decided to wear herself and she "does not wear it because [she] is submissive".[42] Another young woman by the name of Sarah Hekmati says that the hijab gives her a sense of freedom and that she likes the idea that a man should know a woman through her intellectual prowess rather than her looks.[42] In her book, Do Muslim Women Need Saving?, Abu-Lughod mentions a former Muslim, Ayaan Hirsi Ali, who wrote an autobiography titled Infidel. Hirsi Ali writes about the positive experience she has had living as Muslim and wearing the black garments and veil. Hirsi Ali says, "[the Islamic dress] had a thrill to it, a sensuous feeling. It made me feel empowered... I was unique [...] it made me feel like an individual. It sent out a message of superiority [...]". Hirsi Ali is among those who support the hijab. When she wore it, she did not feel oppressed, but instead empowered and individualized.[43] There seems to be a trend of modern Muslim women standing up for their right to wear the hijab and a desire to show pride for Islam and to show their devotion to Islam in wearing the hijab, and expressing their positive sentiments regarding the hijab in the media.

text: Hana Tajima, a Muslim fashion icon in her interview with Vision says that fashion-conscious Muslims are proving that you can be cool and modest, stylish and individual without compromising faith. She started her own fashion label Maysaa in 2011, and blogs about her far-reaching influences and inspirations. Twenty-six-year-old Tajima epitomises the new Muslim hipster, glamorous yet edgy, elegant yet quirky. The trend straddles the big cities of the world from London’s Dalston to New York’s Williamsburg - or the glitz of Dubai.[44]

text: Anti-hijab[edit]

text: There are some Muslim women that believe that the hijab indeed hinders their personal freedom as a woman. A Muslim woman by the name of Rasmieyh Abdelnabi explains that she decided to stop wearing the hijab because she felt that it was putting too much pressure on her to "represent an entire community".[45] She further explains that she feels that hijab is not representative of Islam but more so of the Arab culture[46] Another belief of some women that wear the hijab is that it could potentially "strip them of their individuality"[46] and turn them into a figurehead for their religion. Some women do not want to have to deal with this on a daily basis, and it is another reason that some Muslim women decided to un-veil themselves. In an article written in September 2013, Nesrine Malike explains her discontent with being forced to wear the niqab, a kind of dress that only exposes the eyes, her whole life. Malike says, "I would rather no one wore a niqab. I would rather that no woman had effectively to disappear, from a young age, because that is the norm in her family. [...] I would rather that Islam be purged of the niqab and all its permutations." Malike is among the Muslim women who feel as though the act of veiling hides women; she would like to ban the niqab from Islam.[47]

text: A recent incident in Germany reflects the extent of the issue on an international scale: "An administrative court in the southern German city of Munich has banned a female Muslim student from wearing a facial veil in class."[48] Although Germany does not have an official ban on the hijab, according to the nation’s highest courts federal states have permission to ban Muslim state employees wearing clothing they deem inappropriate. This rule leaves flexibility for German legislators to essentially make their own rules concerning clothing/dress in the country.

text: Iran is another country with strict[citation needed] rules on the hijab, and many women feel pressured from the government to dress in a certain style. One[who?] Iranian woman decided to protest the Iranian government through her own artistic display.[49]