document_title: Transformers: The Last Knight

question_text: who plays izabella in transformers the last knight

text: Transformers: The Last Knight

text: Plot[edit]

text: In 484 AD, King Arthur and his knights struggle in a battle against the Saxons. Meanwhile, Merlin begs for help from the Knights of Iacon, a group of twelve Transformers who have hidden on Earth. They give Merlin an alien staff and combine themselves into a huge dragon to help Arthur triumph over the Saxons, but not before warning Merlin that a great evil will one day come for the staff.

text: In the present, three years after the Hong Kong battle, the Transformers are declared outlaws by all governments on Earth, to which the Transformer Reaction Force (TRF) is formed from the fallen Cemetery Wind to eradicate the alien robots, despite more Transformers continuously arriving on Earth. All the while, enormous metallic horns begin to rise from different parts of the world. In a part of war-torn Chicago, a group of children find a ship with a knight inside before being caught by a TRF drone. Izabella, a survivor of the Battle of Chicago, saves the children along with her Transformers companions Sqweeks and Canopy. The drone mistakes Canopy for a Decepticon and kills him before Bumblebee and Cade Yeager (who are also being hunted by the TRF) arrive and help the children, Izabella, and Sqweeks escape from the drones. While fending off the TRF, Cade finds the knight in the ship, who attaches a talisman to his arm. The Decepticon Barricade observes this act and reports the discovery to Megatron. Cade then returns to his junkyard in South Dakota (with Izabella and Sqweeks hitching a ride with him) where the remaining Autobots are hiding from the TRF, including Bumblebee, Hound, Drift, Crosshairs, Wheelie, Grimlock, Slug, Daytrader, Trench, and three Mini-Dinobots.

text: In deep space, Optimus Prime crash-lands on Cybertron, discovering that it is heading directly for Earth. He encounters Quintessa, the self-proclaimed creator of the Transformers, who brainwashes Optimus and renames him Nemesis Prime. Quintessa charges him with recovering the staff from the Knights who stole it from her. Earth, she reveals, is actually Cybertron’s ancient enemy Unicron and she intends to drain its life force using the staff, so that Cybertron can be restored.

text: TRF member and former Autobot ally William Lennox brokers a deal between the TRF and Megatron so he can find Cade and recover the talisman. In exchange, Megatron demands the release of a squad of Decepticons, including Nitro Zeus, Dreadbot, Mohawk, and Onslaught (Megatron tries to get Berserker, but they won't let him because he is far too dangerous). Megatron and the TRF locate Cade, his coworker Jimmy, Izabella, Sqweeks, and the Autobots thanks to a tracker planted on Bumblebee during the fight in Chicago. They flee to an abandoned town where they discover Bumblebee's tracking device. In the ensuing battle, Dreadbot, Onslaught, Mohawk, and several TRF soldiers are killed by Grimlock, Slug, Crosshairs, Drift, and Bumblebee. As a result, Megatron, Nitro Zeus, and Barricade are forced to retreat. While fighting off TRF drones, Cade is approached by Cogman, a Transformer envoy who takes him and Bumblebee to England to meet his master, Sir Edmund Burton. There, Burton arranges a meeting between Cade and Viviane Wembly, an Oxford professor, who had just been kidnapped by the Autobot Hot Rod under Burton's orders. Burton introduces himself as the last living member of the "Witwiccan" order, an ancient brotherhood dedicated to guarding the secret history of Transformers on Earth. He also reveals that Viviane is Merlin’s last descendant and that she must find and use his staff to prevent the impending destruction of Earth by Cybertron.

text: After fleeing from the TRF, Barricade, and the police (causing many car accidents along the way), Cade, Viviane, Bumblebee, and Cogman follow the clues left by Viviane’s father and take the museum submarine HMS Alliance (after Burton shuts down the attraction and evicts the tourists) into the sea to find the Cybertronian Knights' sunken ship while the TRF pursue them with submarines of their own. Burton meets with the Prime Minister to engage the military at Stonehenge, which he deduces is the access point to Unicron. In the ship, Cade and Vivian discover the tomb of Merlin and the staff. Viviane activates the staff, and the ship rises to the surface. The TRF confronts the group and attempts to take the staff from them before a mind-controlled Optimus intervenes and forces them to hand over the staff. Bumblebee chases after Optimus and the two Autobots fight each other. Before Optimus can kill Bumblebee, the mute Autobot finally speaks, freeing Optimus from Quintessa’s control. Megatron, revealed to be conspiring with Quintessa and unhappy with Optimus's failure, arrives to steal the staff and flees while the Knights attack Optimus for his presumed betrayal. Cade stops the Knights with the talisman, which transformed into the sword Excalibur, and the Knights yield to Cade as the last Knight. He then urges Optimus to fight for Earth once more.

text: As Cybertron anchors itself to Earth, Megatron, Nitro Zeus, and Barricade deliver the staff to Quintessa, who begins draining the life force of Earth from Unicron. Burton and the British military intervene, and Megatron shoots Burton, who dies with Cogman at his side. The Autobots arrive to join the fight with the TRF, Cade, Viviane, Izabella, and Sqweeks, landing on Cybertron and battling against Megatron and Quintessa’s minions, the Infernocons. Vanquishing their foes with help from the Knights as the dragon, the Autobots reach the chamber where the staff and Quintessa are. Optimus defeats Megatron by kicking him through the Ignition Chamber's wall, sending him flying to Earth, while Bumblebee kills Nitro Zeus. Together, Optimus and Bumblebee seemingly kill Quintessa. Viviane removes the staff, stopping Cybertron's destruction of Earth but leaving both worlds connected. Optimus declares that humans and Transformers must now work together to rebuild their worlds and sends a message calling any surviving Autobots to come home.

text: In a mid-credits scene, scientists inspect one of Unicron's horns in a desert. Quintessa, who has survived and is disguised as a human, arrives and offers them a way to destroy Unicron.

text: Cast[edit]

text: Humans[edit]

text:
Mark Wahlberg as Cade Yeager, a single father and inventor, who helped the Autobots during the events of Age of Extinction.
Josh Duhamel as William Lennox, a former NEST commander and U.S. Army Ranger captain, who partnered with the Autobots prior to the events of Age of Extinction, and now a U.S. Army Colonel and reluctant member of the Transformer Reaction Force (TRF).
Stanley Tucci as Merlin, King Arthur's wizard and Viviane's ancestor.[12] Tucci was originally reported to be reprising his role as Joshua Joyce from Age of Extinction.[13]
Anthony Hopkins as Sir Edmund Burton, 12th Earl of Folgan, an astronomer and historian who knows about the history of the Transformers on Earth.[14][15][16]
Laura Haddock as Viviane Wembly, a Professor of English Literature at the University of Oxford and a polo player, who turns out to be a descendant of Merlin.[17][18][19] Minti Gorne portrays a younger Viviane.
Isabela Moner as Izabella, a street-wise tomboy who was orphaned with Sqweeks and Canopy, her only friends, until meeting Cade.[20][21]
Jerrod Carmichael as Jimmy, a young man from South Dakota whom Cade hired through a want ad.[22]
Santiago Cabrera as Santos, a former Delta Force operative and commander of the TRF, who seeks to eradicate every Transformer and their human allies regardless of faction.[23][24][18][25]
John Turturro as Seymour Simmons, a former government agent with Sector Seven and NEST turned successful writer who hides out in Cuba, and was allied with the Autobots prior to the events of Age of Extinction.[26]
Glenn Morshower as General Morshower, the director of NEST in Revenge of the Fallen and Dark of the Moon who now supervises TRF operations.
Liam Garrigan as King Arthur, the legendary knight who first fought with the Knights of Iacon.[27]

text: Additionally, Mitch Pileggi,[28]Tony Hale, and Gil Birmingham appear as a TRF group leader, a JPL engineer, and Chief Sherman, respectively. Nicola Peltz has a vocal cameo as Tessa Yeager, Cade's daughter, who helped the Autobots during the events of Age of Extinction,[29] while Sam Witwicky's photograph is seen in Burton's mansion.[30] Tyrese Gibson was cast to return as Robert Epps, but was unable to appear in the film due to scheduling conflicts with The Fate of the Furious.[31]

text: Transformers[edit]

text: Autobots[edit]

text:
Peter Cullen voices Optimus Prime, the leader of the Autobots, who transforms into a blue and red 2014 Western Star 5700 Custom semi-trailer truck while searching for the truth about his Creators.[32]
Erik Aadahl voices Bumblebee, an Autobot scout and Optimus Prime's second-in-command, who transforms into a custom-built yellow and black 2016 Chevrolet Camaro.[33][34]
Jim Carter voices Cogman, a polite sociopathic, human-sized headmaster who serves as the faithful butler to Sir Edmund Burton, and while despite not even having a larger robot mode, he transforms into an Aston Martin DB11 in the toyline.[35][36][37][38][39]
Omar Sy voices Hot Rod, an Autobot who transforms into a Citroën DS, before upgrading into a 2017 Lamborghini Centenario LP770-4. He is brother-in-arms with Bumblebee and speaks in a thick French accent.[40][35][41]
Ken Watanabe voices Drift, a Samurai-motif Autobot tactician and former Decepticon who transforms into a black and red 2017 Mercedes-AMG GT R.[42]
John Goodman voices Hound, a trigger-happy Autobot commando and field medic who transforms into an olive green Mercedes-Benz Unimog military tactical ambulance.[43]
John DiMaggio voices Crosshairs, a cocky Autobot paratrooper and sniper who transforms into a green and black 2016 Chevrolet Corvette C7 Stingray, equipped with a custom split-spoiler. His ego lends him a misplaced belief in his future command of the Autobots. [44]
Reno Wilson voices Sqweeks, a small Autobot and Izabella's closest friend who can't transform and only says "Chihuahua" due to prior damage.[45]
Tom Kenny voices Wheelie, a former Decepticon turned Autobot who survived the Chicago battle in Dark of the Moon, and transforms into a blue monster truck toy.
Steve Buscemi voices Daytrader, a Cybertronian scavenger who transforms into a cloaked rusty Mercedes-Benz LK Model 1920 dump truck.[46] He is held in disregard by the Autobots for being annoying despite his skill in finding good material.
Steven Barr voices Topspin, an Autobot Wrecker who resides in Cuba with Simmons that once transformed into a #48 Hendrick Motorsports Lowe's/Kobalt car. In the film he is credited as "Volleybot" and grew a metallic beard that resembles his fallen comrade, Leadfoot.
Mark Ryan voices "Bulldog", an Autobot veteran of World War I and World War II, and a sentry for Burton's castle, who transforms into an army Mark IV tank and suffers from 'robot dementia'.[47]

text: An uncredited actor voices Canopy, an Autobot refugee and a friend of Izabella who camouflages into a shielding pile of rubble.[48] Additionally, an elderly Autobot that transforms into a Hawker Hurricane fighter plane cameos at Burton's castle, whose voice actor is also uncredited. A Transformer who turns into the HMS Alliance appears, though not seen in robot mode. Trench, an Autobot who resembles the Construction Scrapper and transforms into an excavator, makes a cameo at Cade's junkyard. A picture of Ironhide is seen in Burton's castle.

text: Dinobots[edit]

text:
Grimlock, the leader of the Dinobots, who transforms into a mechanical horned, fire-breathing Tyrannosaurus.[18]
Slug, the savage Dinobot destroyer who transforms into a mechanical spiked and bestial Triceratops.[49]
Mini-Dinobots, the Mini versions of Grimlock, Slug, and Strafe.[50]

text: Decepticons[edit]

text:
Frank Welker voices Megatron, the reborn leader of the Decepticons, who possessed a KSI Drone in Age of Extinction and transforms into a Cybertronian jet.[51][52]
John DiMaggio voices Nitro Zeus, a Decepticon hunter who transforms into an JAS 39 Gripen Fighter Jet.[53] In alternate cuts of the film, Steven Barr voices Nitro Zeus.
Jess Harnell voices Barricade, a Decepticon scout who survived the Chicago War in Dark of the Moon. He transforms into a 2016 Ford Mustang police car, featuring a new robot mode.[54]
Reno Wilson voices Mohawk, a Decepticon foot soldier who transforms into a Confederate P51 Combat Fighter Motorcycle.[55]
Dreadbot, a Decepticon thug who transforms into a rusty Volkswagen Type 2.[56][57]

text: Uncredited actors both voice Onslaught, a Decepticon tactician who transforms into a green Western Star 4900SF tow truck,[58][53] and Berserker, a monstrous Decepticon commando who transforms into a Chevy Tahoe emergency vehicle,[53] each speaking only a single line. Starscream's severed head is shown being boasted by Daytrader, and later held by Megatron. In Sir Edmund Burton's castle, a picture of Shockwave is seen; both Shockwave and Soundwave are briefly mentioned by Viviane.

text: Others[edit]

text:
Gemma Chan as Quintessa, a Cybertronian Sorceress and the true leader of the Decepticons who wants to destroy "Unicron" and rebuild Cybertron.[59]
Various uncredited actors voice the Knights of Iacon, a group of twelve Cybertronian Knights who protects the Staff and merge to form the three-headed dragon, Dragonstorm. They include Dragonicus, Stormreign, Steelbane, and Skullitron.[60]
Infernocons, Quintessa's demon-like guardians who combine to form Infernocus.[59]
Unicron, a giant planet-destroying Transformer who is mentioned at various points throughout the film; six of his mechanical horns are seen on Earth.

text: Production[edit]

text: Development[edit]

text: In March 2015, Deadline.com reported that Paramount Pictures was in talks with Oscar winner Akiva Goldsman (A Beautiful Mind) to pitch new ideas for the Transformers franchise's future installments. The studio intends to do what James Cameron and 20th Century Fox have been doing in planning three Avatar sequels, and what Disney has done to revive Star Wars, with sequels and spin-offs. Paramount wants to have their own cinematic universe for Transformers, similar to Marvel's/Disney's Marvel Cinematic Universe (which had been one of Paramount's previous film series), and DC Comics/Warner Bros.' DC Extended Universe. Goldsman is the head of the future projects, and worked with franchise director Michael Bay, executive producer Steven Spielberg, and producer Lorenzo di Bonaventura to organize a "writers' room" that incubates ideas for potential Transformers sequels, prequels and spin-offs. The writers' room members include: Christina Hodson, Lindsey Beer, Andrew Barrer, and Gabriel Ferrari (Ant-Man), Robert Kirkman (The Walking Dead), Art Marcum & Matt Holloway, Zak Penn (Pacific Rim: Uprising), Jeff Pinkner (The Amazing Spider-Man 2), Ken Nolan, and Geneva Robertson-Dworet.[61] Kirkman left the room after just one day to undergo throat surgery.[62] In July 2015, Akiva Goldsman and Jeff Pinkner were announced as the fifth Transformers film's screenwriters.[63] However, on November 20, due to Goldsman's commitments creating a writers' room for G.I. Joe and Micronauts properties, Paramount began to negotiate with Art Marcum and Matt Holloway (Iron Man), as well as Ken Nolan (Black Hawk Down), to write the film. Lindsey Beer and Geneva Robertson-Dworet were also brought aboard for writing duties.[64]

text:
"I think I brought the concern to the movie studio and certainly to the writers. Perhaps...Transformers 5 and 6 movies will go back more to its roots. There was an occasion where one line [in Transformers: Age of Extinction] which Optimus Prime had, I did not want to say. It was my gut instinct and certainly my commitment to the character... not to say the line. But I was told to say. You can't fight the big boys. I think you all know what that line was."

 — Peter Cullen on a question from a fan on the future of the franchise from Sac-Anime 2015[65]

tag: div

text: After Transformers: Age of Extinction, Bay had decided not to direct any future Transformers films. But in early January 2016, in an interview with Rolling Stone, he stated that he would return to direct the fifth film, and that it will be his last Transformers film.[66] Paramount Pictures spent $80 million on production in Michigan, in return for $21 million in state incentives, under agreements entered into before the state legislature eliminated the film office incentive program in July 2015.[67] In April 2016, Paramount hired cinematographer Jonathan Sela.[68] On May 17, Bay revealed the official title of the film to be The Last Knight on his Instagram account, where he also posted a production video showing a close-up of Optimus Prime's face with purple eyes instead of blue, and his face mostly discolored.[69] The official Twitter account showed a 19-second short video in morse code that translates to "I'm coming for you May 31".[70] On May 31, it was revealed that Megatron would return in the sequel.[51]

text: Casting[edit]

text: In December 2014, Mark Wahlberg confirmed that he would return in the sequel.[71] In February 2016, there were casting calls for new lead and supporting roles in Los Angeles and London, and Peter Cullen was announced as returning to voice Optimus Prime.[72] Approximately 850 cast and crew were hired, 450 of whom were Michigan residents, equating to 228 full-time positions.[73] Additionally, 700 extras were hired from among Detroit residents, as part of Paramount's incentive deal with the state.[74] On April 13, TheWrap reported that Isabela Moner was in talks to star as Izabella.[20] The site also reported that Bay was eyeing Jean Dujardin, Stephen Merchant, and Jerrod Carmichael for supporting roles.[75][76] On May 17, 2016, it was confirmed that Josh Duhamel would reprise his role in the film, and Jerrod Carmichael was cast.[77][22] In June 2016, Anthony Hopkins, Mitch Pileggi, Santiago Cabrera, and Laura Haddock joined the cast, and Tyrese Gibson stated that he will return as Robert Epps.[78][79][28][17][14] In August 2016, Liam Garrigan was confirmed to play King Arthur, a different version from his role as the same character on the television series Once Upon a Time.[27] On September 4, 2016, Stanley Tucci confirmed his return.[13] On October 14, 2016, Bay announced that John Turturro would reprise his role as Seymour Simmons from the first three films, and that John Goodman would return to voice Hound.[26] A month before the film's release, Bay revealed that the character Cogman would be voiced by Downton Abbey actor Jim Carter, at the request of co-writer Matt Holloway, who is a fan of the series.[37] On June 9, 2017, Reno Wilson confirmed via Twitter that he would have a voice role in the film.[80] On June 16, 2017, Gibson revealed that despite closing a deal for the film, he was unable to appear as Epps due to scheduling conflicts with The Fate of the Furious.[31]

text: Filming[edit]

text: Principal photography began on May 25, 2016, in Havana, Cuba, with a few scenes shot by a "small team".[81][82][83] Filming continued on June 6, 2016, in Phoenix, Arizona, and on June 19, 2016, in Detroit, Michigan, under the working title E75,[72][73][84] with additional filming taking place in Chicago, Illinois.[85] In Detroit, filming took place in the Michigan Motion Pictures Studio, Packard Plant, Michigan Central Station, Cafe D'Mongo's Speakeasy, and MGM Grand Detroit.[86] Production moved to Europe on August 21, and filming commenced on August 22 in Scotland and Wales. In England, filming took place in North Yorkshire, Newcastle upon Tyne, Northumberland, London, Gosport and Stonehenge. Between August and October, filming occurred in Ireland, and Preikestolen, Trolltunga and Atlanterhavsveien in Norway.[87][88][89]

text: In early September 2016, filming took place in Alnwick Castle in Alnwick Northumberland in England, including car chase scenes.[90] Production continued at St Aidan's Church, Seahouses, where Walhberg spent an hour inside the church and reportedly donated £200. Rev Father Des McGiven said: "I didn't even know he was in church until he left. One of my parishioners, Danielle Love, recognised him and explained who he was. It's great that we had him in for the service, and we appreciate his generosity towards our church." Car chases were also filmed at the monument area of Newcastle upon Tyne, where Josh Duhamel was filming, while Wahlberg and Sir Anthony Hopkins continued at Alnwick, Seahouses and the Bamburgh Region of Northumberland.[91] In late September 2016, filming was spotted in Gosport, Hampshire at the Royal Navy Submarine Museum. On October 5, 2016 filming was spotted at St Bartholomew-the-Great, London. London filming wrapped on October 27, 2016.[92] Principal photography wrapped on December 4, 2016.[93]

text: Effects[edit]

text: As with previous Transformers installments, Industrial Light & Magic served as the main visual effects company for Transformers: The Last Knight. In early 2016, the company showed Bay an underwater rendering of a crash-landed alien spaceship and a new dump-truck Transformer with a cloak.[66]

text: Music[edit]

text: On September 27, it was confirmed that Steve Jablonsky would return to write the score, having composed the music for the first four films. The score was released digitally on the film's original release date, Friday June 23, 2017, and a limited-edition two-disc CD set of 3,000 units will be released by La-La Land Records on July 11, 2017. Unlike the previous films' scores, which contained anywhere from fourteen to twenty-three tracks, the film's soundtrack contains thirty-four tracks, amounting to over two hours of music.

text: On the score, Jablonsky said, "I met with Michael before he started shooting 'Transformers: The Last Knight.' He showed me some amazing concept art and explained how the story connects the history of Transformers all the way back to the times of King Arthur and the Knights of the Round Table. I loved the idea because it gave me the opportunity to explore new musical ideas. The storyline allowed me to write melodies that are a bit more 'classical' than I've written for the other Transformers films, which was a lot of fun for me. Another important aspect of the story revolves around massive skyscraper-sized 'horns from hell' that start emerging from the Earth. They look like gigantic animal horns, but no one knows what they are or why they have appeared. I wanted to create an unsettling sense of mystery and tension with the music."The film also featured the song Torches by X Ambassadors. [94]

text: Release[edit]

text: Transformers: The Last Knight was released on June 21, 2017, after being moved up from its original June 23 release date.[95][96][97] The teaser trailer of the film was released on December 5, 2016, and was later attached to Rogue One.[98]

text: Marketing[edit]

text: The first teaser trailer aired on Monday, December 5, during ESPN's Monday Night Football, and was released online shortly thereafter. With 24 hours of its release, the trailer garnered a record-breaking 93.6 million views from social media platforms, such as Facebook, YouTube, Twitter and Instagram, making it the third-highest-viewed trailer of 2016, falling behind Disney's Beauty and the Beast remake (127.6 million views) and Universal's Fifty Shades Darker (114 million views in 24 hours), but surpassing Marvel Studios' Guardians of the Galaxy Vol. 2 trailer, which scored 81 million views in its first 24 hours online.[99] Following the trailer's release, the film trended on all major social media sites, including YouTube, Facebook, Twitter, and Reddit. It was Weibo's No. 1 trending topic in China, where the preview was viewed 16 million times its first day of release.[100] Television spots for the filmed started airing ahead of the Super Bowl spot on February 3, 2017. An extended TV spot for the Super Bowl aired during Super Bowl LI, on February 5, 2017.[101] On March 11, 2017, a new TV spot and clip were shown at Nickelodeon's 2017 Kids' Choice Awards. A new trailer aired with the release of Beauty and the Beast on March 17, 2017, while the third trailer was released on April 13, 2017.[102] The international trailer was released on May 17th, 2017, and a smaller trailer was released shortly after, on June 4, 2017. After that, various TV spots were released.

text: Home media[edit]

text: Transformers: The Last Knight was released on Digital HD on September 12, 2017, and on DVD and Blu-Ray on September 26, 2017.

text: Reception[edit]

text: Box office[edit]

text: Transformers: The Last Knight grossed $130.2 million in the United States and Canada and $475.3 million in other territories for a worldwide total of $605.4 million, against a production budget of $217 million.[9] It is the lowest grossing film of the Transformers film series.

text: In North America, The Last Knight was originally projected to gross $70–75 million from 4,069 theaters over its first five days, which would have been the lowest debut of the franchise.[103] However, after the film grossed a franchise-low $15.7 million on its first day (including $5.5 million from Tuesday night previews), opening estimates were lowered to $60–65 million. On Thursday, it grossed $8.1 million, potentially dropping the five-day debut to under $60 million.[104] It ended up having an opening weekend of $45.3 million, the lowest debut of the franchise by $25 million (and lowest since the first film's $70.5 million). The film's five-day gross of $68.4 million was also lower than every three-day opening of the previous four films.[105] The film grossed $16.9 million in its second weekend, dropping 62.2% and finishing third at the box office,[106] and $6.4 million in its third, dropping an identical 62.2% and finishing 5th.[107]

text: Internationally, The Last Knight opened in its first 42 foreign territories alongside its United States debut, including major markets China, the UK, Russia, Australia, Germany, Italy, South Korea and Hong Kong, and was projected to have an opening of $167–200 million.[5][6] Due to its predecessor's success in China, expectations were high for the film in the country. Box office observers and trackers believed the film would open to $80–100 million,[6] and end its run there with anywhere between $290[108] to $400 million.[109] The film ended up having a global debut of $265.3 million ($196.2 million from overseas), including $123.4 million from China, representing 63% of the film's foreign opening. In the film's second week in China, it fell 76% and had a running cume of $147.6 million.[110] As of August 6, 2017[update], the film's largest markets outside North America are: China ($228.84 million), South Korea ($19.24 million), Russia ($15.89 million), Germany ($15.42 million), Mexico ($15.33 million), U.K. ($12.19 million), Brazil ($13.70 million), Indonesia ($11.71 million), Japan ($15.69 million) and France ($10.99 million). In India, the film was given an adult certificate and, hence, it was not successful at the Indian box office (4.87 million) as compared to Age of Extinction (10.23 million) and other Transformers movies (3.01 million TF1, 2.80 million ROTF, 6.88 million DOTM).[111]

text: Critical response[edit]

text: On Rotten Tomatoes, the film has an approval rating of 15% based on 196 reviews, with an average rating of 3.3/10. The site's critical consensus reads, "Cacophonous, thinly plotted, and boasting state-of-the-art special effects, The Last Knight is pretty much what you'd expect from the fifth installment of the Transformers franchise."[112] On Metacritic, the film has a score of 28 out of 100 based on 46 critics, indicating "generally unfavorable reviews".[113] Audiences polled by CinemaScore gave the film an average grade of "B+" on an A+ to F scale.[105]

text: Mike Ryan of Uproxx gave the film a negative review, criticizing its running time and incoherent plot, writing: "I have no proof Transformers: The Last Knight will kill your brain cells, but I wouldn’t be surprised to learn that it does and I’d proceed with caution just in case. But I can say with absolute certainty that after watching, your head will hurt."[114] Alonso Duralde of TheWrap was also critical of the film's sloppiness, saying, "...fear not, fans of the franchise: if you’re here for the director’s trademark chaos editing (where fights go from points A to D to Q), toxic masculinity (and female objectification), comedy scenes rendered tragic (and vice versa), and general full-volume confusion, you’ll get all those things in abundance."[115]

text: Peter Travers of Rolling Stone gave a rare zero-star review to the film (as he did to the previous films), saying "Every time Michael Bay directs another Transformers abomination (this is the fifth), the movies die a little. This one makes the summer's other blockbuster misfires look like masterpieces."[116]

text: Variety gave the film a lukewarm review stating, "The fifth time may not quite be the charm, but the latest entry in Michael Bay's crunched-metal robot-war mega-series is badder, and therefore better."[117]

text: The New Yorker acknowledged the film's flaws but noted there was almost something impressive about them, saying: "The absolute tastelessness of Bay’s images, their stultifying service to platitudes and to merchandise, doesn’t at all diminish their wildly imaginative power."[118]Times Of India gave the movie 2.5 stars out of 5 stars.

text: Controversy[edit]

text: On September 21, 2016, shooting for a particular scene took place in Blenheim Palace, Woodstock, Oxfordshire in England, the home of Sir Winston Churchill, the British Prime Minister during World War II. The mansion was dressed as a Nazi swastika-draped headquarters for Adolf Hitler for filming. This evoked both anger and criticism for being "symbolically disrespectful to Churchill", according to Colonel Richard Kemp, who said Churchill "will be turning in his grave",[119] while Tony Hayes of the UK Veterans Association stated that surviving World War II ex-servicemen and women would be "appalled".[120] Churchill's grandson and British Parliament member Sir Nicholas Soames dismissed the controversy entirely, stating, "They’ve no idea what my grandfather would have thought!"[121] Churchill was buried less than a mile away, at St Martin's Church, Bladon.[122]

text: Sequel and spin-off[edit]

text: A spin-off/prequel, entitled Bumblebee which stars Hailee Steinfeld and John Cena is set for release on December 21, 2018. The movie's working title is 'Brighton Falls' and will wrap up shooting in November 2017, while a direct sequel to The Last Knight, the yet-to-be-titled Transformers 6 is scheduled to be released on June 28, 2019.[95][123][11]


document_title: Ming tombs

question_text: the road that connects the tombs is called

root

text: Ming tombs

text: Layout[edit]

text: The siting of the Ming dynasty imperial tombs was carefully chosen according to Feng Shui (geomancy) principles. According to these, bad spirits and evil winds descending from the North must be deflected; therefore, an arc-shaped valley area at the foot of the Jundu Mountains, north of Beijing, was selected. This 40 square kilometer area—enclosed by the mountains in a pristine, quiet valley full of dark earth, tranquil water and other necessities as per Feng Shui—would become the necropolis of the Ming dynasty.

tag: p

text: A 7-kilometer (4 mi) road named the "Spirit Way" (pinyin: Shéndào) leads into the complex, lined with statues of guardian animals and officials, with a front gate consisting of a three-arches, painted red, and called the "Great Red Gate". The Spirit Way, or Sacred Way, starts with a huge stone memorial archway lying at the front of the area. Constructed in 1540, during the Ming dynasty, this archway is one of the biggest stone archways in China today.

text: Further in, the Shengong Shengde Stele Pavilion can be seen. Inside it, there is a 50-ton stone statue of Bixi carrying a memorial tablet. Four white marble Huabiao (pillars of glory) are positioned at each corner of the stele pavilion. At the top of each pillar is a mythical beast. Then come two pillars on each side of the road, whose surfaces are carved with the cloud design, and tops are shaped like a rounded cylinder. They are of a traditional design and were originally beacons to guide the soul of the deceased, The road leads to 18 pairs of stone statues of mythical animals, which are all sculpted from whole stones and larger than life size, leading to a three-arched gate known as the Dragon and Phoenix Gate.

text:
[show]Map all coordinates using OSM
Map all coordinates using Google

Export all coordinates as KML

Export all coordinates as GPX

Map all microformatted coordinates

Place data as RDF

tag: table

text: At present, only three tombs are open to the public. There have been no excavations since 1989, but plans for new archeological research and further opening of tombs have circulated. They can be seen on Google earth: Chang Ling, the largest (40°18′5.16″N 116°14′35.45″E / 40.3014333°N 116.2431806°E / 40.3014333; 116.2431806 (Chang Ling tomb)); Ding Ling, whose underground palace has been excavated (40°17′42.43″N 116°12′58.53″E / 40.2951194°N 116.2162583°E / 40.2951194; 116.2162583 (Ding Ling tomb)); and Zhao Ling.

text: The Ming Tombs were listed as a UNESCO World Heritage Site in August 2003. They were listed along with other tombs under the "Imperial Tombs of the Ming and Qing Dynasties" designation.

text: List of the Imperial Tombs[edit]

text: The imperial tombs are in chronological order and list the individuals buried:

text:
Chang Ling (Chinese: 长陵; pinyin: Cháng Lìng, 1424), tomb of the Yongle Emperor

Empress Renxiaowen

Xian Ling (Chinese: 獻陵; pinyin: Xiàn Lìng,1425), tomb of the Hongxi Emperor
Jing Ling (Chinese: 景陵; pinyin: Jǐng Lìng; literally: "Scenic Tomb", 1435), tomb of the Xuande Emperor

Empress Xiaogongzhang

Yu Ling (Chinese: 裕陵; pinyin: Yù Lìng, 1449), tomb of the Zhengtong Emperor

Empress Xiaozhuangrui
Empress Xiaosu

Mao Ling (Chinese: 茂陵; pinyin: Mào Lìng, 1487), tomb of the Chenghua Emperor

Empress Xiaomu
Empress Xiaozhenchun
Empress Xiaohui

Tai Ling (Chinese: 泰陵; pinyin: Tài Lìng, 1505), tomb of the Hongzhi Emperor

Empress Xiaochengjing

Kang Ling (Chinese: 康陵; pinyin: Kāng Lìng, 1521), tomb of the Zhengde Emperor

Empress Xiaojingyi

Yong Ling (Chinese: 永陵; pinyin: Yǒng Lìng, 1566), tomb of the Jiajing Emperor

Empress Xiaojiesu
Empress Xiaolie
Empress Xiaoke

Zhao Ling (Chinese: 昭陵; pinyin: Zhāo Lìng, 1572), tomb of the Longqing Emperor

Empress Xiaoyizhuang
Empress Xiao'an
Empress Dowager Xiaoding

Qing Ling (Chinese: 慶陵; pinyin: Qìng Lìng, 1620), tomb of the Taichang Emperor

Empress Xiaoyuanzhen
Empress Dowager Xiaohewang
Empress Dowager Xiaochun

Dingling (Chinese: 定陵; pinyin: Dìng Lìng; literally: "Tomb of Stability", 1620), tomb of the Wanli Emperor

Empress Xiaoduanxian
Empress Dowager Xiaojing

De Ling (Chinese: 德陵; pinyin: Dé Lìng, 1627), tomb of the Tianqi Emperor

Empress Xiao'aizhe

Si Ling (Chinese: 思陵; pinyin: Sī Lìng, 1644), tomb of the Chongzhen Emperor

Empress Xiaojie
Noble Consort Tian

tag: ol

text: The Ming emperors not buried in one of the Thirteen Tombs are: Hongwu Emperor, Kang Emperor, Jianwen Emperor, Jingtai Emperor, and Xian Emperor.

text: Excavation of Dingling tomb[edit]

text: Dingling (Chinese: 定陵; pinyin: Dìng Lìng; literally: "Tomb of Stability"), one of the tombs at the Thirteen Tombs of the Ming Dynasty site, is the tomb of the Wanli Emperor, his empress consort and the mother of the Taichang Emperor. It is the only Ming tomb to have been excavated. It also remains the only intact imperial tomb, of any era, to have been excavated since the founding of the People's Republic of China, a situation that is almost a direct result of the fate that befell Dingling and its contents after the excavation.

text: The excavation of Dingling began in 1956, after a group of prominent scholars led by Guo Moruo and Wu Han began advocating the excavation of Changling, the tomb of the Yongle Emperor, the largest and oldest of the Ming tombs near Beijing. Despite winning approval from premier Zhou Enlai, this plan was vetoed by archaeologists because of the importance and public profile of Changling. Instead, Dingling, the third largest of the Ming Tombs, was selected as a trial site in preparation for the excavation of Changling. Excavation completed in 1957 and a museum was established in 1959.

text: The excavation revealed an intact tomb, with thousands of items of silk, textiles, wood, and porcelain, and the skeletons of the Wanli Emperor and his two empresses. However, there was neither the technology nor the resources to adequately preserve the excavated artifacts. After several disastrous experiments, the large amount of silk and other textiles were simply piled into a storage room that was draughty and wet from water leaks. As a result, most of the surviving artifacts today have severely deteriorated, and many replicas are instead displayed in the museum. Furthermore, the political impetus behind the excavation created pressure to quickly complete the excavation. The haste meant that documentation of the excavation was poor.

text: A more severe problem soon befell the project, when a series of political mass movements swept the country. This escalated into the Cultural Revolution in 1966. For the next ten years, all archaeological work was stopped. Wu Han, one of the key advocates of the project, became the first major target of the Cultural Revolution, and was denounced, and died in jail in 1969. Fervent Red Guards stormed the Dingling museum and dragged the remains of the Wanli Emperor and empresses to the front of the tomb, where they were posthumously "denounced" and burned. Many other artifacts were also destroyed.[2]

text: It was not until 1979, after the death of Mao Zedong and the end of the Cultural Revolution, that archaeological work recommenced in earnest and an excavation report was finally prepared by those archaeologists who had survived the turmoil.

text: The lessons learned from the Dingling excavation has led to a new policy of the People's Republic of China government not to excavate any historical site except for rescue purposes. In particular, no proposal to open an imperial tomb has been approved since Dingling, even when the entrance has been accidentally revealed, as was the case of the Qianling Mausoleum. The original plan, to use Dingling as a trial site for the excavation of Changling, was abandoned.

text: Images[edit]

text:
An entrance to a Ming tomb

Ling'en Hall of Changling tomb

Shengong Shengde Stele Pavilion at the beginning of the sacred walk leading to the tombs

A statue inside the Ming Dynasty Tombs

A statue inside the Ming Dynasty Tombs

Ling'en Gate of Changling tomb

A silk burning stove at the Changling tomb

Minglou Tower of Changling tomb

tag: ul


document_title: Blueberry Hill (song)

question_text: fictional character whose favorite song was blueberry hill

text: Blueberry Hill (song)

text: Recorded versions[edit]

text: This section may contain indiscriminate, excessive, or irrelevant examples. Please improve the article by adding more descriptive text and removing less pertinent examples. See Wikipedia's guide to writing better articles for further suggestions. (January 2018)

text:
Gene Autry (1940) (the original version, from the movie The Singing Hill) (1941)
The Glenn Miller Orchestra (vocal by Ray Eberle) (1941) (The most famous version in the 1940s. Recorded in Chicago on May 13, 1940. It was released by Bluebird Records as catalog number 10768A (i USA)[7] and by EMI on the His Master's Voice label as catalog numbers BD 5632 and MH 92)
Russ Morgan and His Orchestra (vocal by Carol Kaye) (1941)
Kay Kyser and His Orchestra (vocal by Harry Babbitt) (1941)
Louis Armstrong with Gordon Jenkins' Orchestra and Choir (1949) (with different lyrics)
Steve Gibson and the Red Caps (1949)
Scatman Crothers (1957)
Elvis Presley (1957)
Mose Allison (1957)
Ricky Nelson (1958)
Andy Williams (1959)
Duane Eddy (1959)
Conway Twitty (1959)
Carl Mann (1959)
Bill Haley & His Comets (1960)
John Barry Orchestra (1960)
Buster Brown (1960)
Skeeter Davis (1961)
Bing Crosby included the song in a medley on his album On the Sentimental Side (1962).
Cliff Richard (1962)
Johnny Hallyday (1962)
Little Richard (1964)
Slim Harpo (1964)
San Remo Golden Strings (1966)
The Loved Ones, Australia, (1966)
The Everly Brothers (1967)
Dave Clark 5 (1967)
Led Zeppelin (1970 on the Led Zeppelin bootleg recording Live on Blueberry Hill)
Freddy Fender (1970s)
Loretta Lynn (1971)
Dick Rivers (1972)
Jerry Lee Lewis (1973, Southern Roots)
Ellen McIlwaine (1975)
The Beach Boys (1976)
Billy "Crash" Craddock (1977)
Adriano Celentano (1977)
Link Wray (1982)
Mud (1982)
Jah Wobble (1980, The Legend Lives On... Jah Wobble in "Betrayal")
Yellowman (1987)
John Fahey (1990)
Little Willie Littlefield on his album Singalong with Little Willie Littlefield (1990)
New Orleans Nightcrawlers instrumental version on their album New Orleans Nightcrawlers (1996) [8]
Bruce Cockburn with Margo Timmins (1999)[9]
Jimmy Clanton (2006, played in Boomtown Casino)
Johnny Hallyday with Chris Isaak (2007, La Cigale, live album recorded 2006 Flashback Tour)
Elton John (2007, Goin' Home: A Tribute to Fats Domino)
Brenda Lee
Celine Dion and Johnny Hallyday
Gene Autry (1941)
Pat Boone
Nat King Cole with Billy Preston (1957)
The Loved Ones
Babybird (2015 – recorded 1988)

text: In popular culture[edit]

text: This section indiscriminately collects miscellaneous information. Please compress this material to remove any irrelevant or unimportant information. (March 2017)

text:
In the popular 1970s sitcom Happy Days, set in the 1950s, lead character Richie Cunningham, played by Ron Howard, would often sing "I found my thrill..." (the first line of Domino's 1950s version of "Blueberry Hill") in reference to pretty girls he dated or wanted to date.
Joe Edwards' restaurant Blueberry Hill, on the Delmar Loop in St. Louis, Missouri, where Chuck Berry frequently played, is named after the song.[10]
The Far Side, a comic written by Gary Larson, features a comic parodying the lyrics of this song. A man is talking in a phone booth on top of a hill named "Blueberry Hill." He says into the phone "Norm? This is Mitch. ... You were right—I found my drill." The parody is of the line "I found my thrill on Blueberry Hill."
Prime Minister of Russia Vladimir Putin made a cover performance of the song on December 10, 2010 before an audience of international film and television celebrities, in support of a charity for ill children. Videos of his performance quickly went viral worldwide.[11][12]


document_title: Blue Bell Creameries

question_text: where can you find blue bell ice cream

question_tokens: where can you find blue bell ice cream

text: Blue Bell Creameries

text: History[edit]

text: The company has its roots in the Brenham Creamery Company, which opened in 1907 to purchase excess cream from local dairy farmers and sell butter to people in Brenham, Texas, a town situated approximately 70 miles northwest of Houston. In 1911, the creamery began to produce small quantities of ice cream.[4]

text: By 1919, the Creamery was in financial trouble and considered closing its doors. The board of directors hired E.F. Kruse, a 23-year-old former schoolteacher, to take over the company on April 1, 1919. Kruse refused to accept a salary for his first few months in the position so that the company would not be placed in further debt.[5] Under his leadership, the company expanded its production of ice cream to the surrounding Brenham area and soon became profitable. At his suggestion, the company was renamed Blue Bell Creameries in 1930 after the Texas Bluebell, a wildflower native to Texas, and which like ice cream thrives during the summer.[3][4]

text: Until 1936, the creamery made ice cream by the batch. It could create a 10-US-gallon (38 L) batch of ice cream every 20 minutes. That same year, in 1936, the company purchased its first continuous ice cream freezer, which could make 80 US gallons (300 L) of ice cream per hour. The ice cream would run through a spigot, allowing it to be poured into any size container.[6]

text: Kruse was diagnosed with cancer in 1951 and died within 8 weeks. His sons Ed and Howard took over leadership of the company. By the 1960s, the company completely abandoned the production of butter and began focusing solely on ice cream. After many years of selling ice cream only in Brenham, the company began selling its ice cream in the Houston area, eventually expanding throughout most of Texas including the Dallas–Fort Worth metroplex and the state capital of Austin. By the end of the 1970s, sales had quadrupled, and by 1980 the creamery was producing over 10 million gallons (37,850,000 liters) of ice cream per year, earning $30 million annually.[7]

text: In 1989, Blue Bell began selling its ice cream in Oklahoma, and throughout the 1990s expansion pushed throughout the South Central and Southern United States, eventually expanding out to New Orleans and Jackson, Mississippi. In 1992, Blue Bell built a new manufacturing facility in Broken Arrow, Oklahoma.[3] Four years later, in 1996, Blue Bell opened a third manufacturing facility opened in Sylacauga, Alabama, east of Birmingham, and eventually expanded into Atlanta and Miami. Once Blue Bell establishes itself within a market, word-of-mouth usually ensures that consumers in adjacent areas become aware of the brand. Blue Bell has been slow to expand: company executives say they thoroughly research each new market and ensure that all employees in the new markets are fully trained in Blue Bell practices so that product quality can be upheld.[8] Blue Bell often tends to expand to markets during March each year, expanding to Colorado on March 14, 2011, followed by the Richmond and Hampton Roads areas of Virginia in 2013, and Las Vegas in 2014.[9][10] These expansions are accompanied with the purchase and/or construction of distribution centers in new markets that serve areas within a 75-mile radius.

text: In 2015, Blue Bell issued a series of recalls that eventually shut down production and led to all of its products being recalled on April 20, culminating in job cuts and furloughs (as well as the reduction of its 23-state sales territory) resulting from the shutdown the following May. In conjunction with factory cleanup procedures and agreements with state and federal authorities, the company returned to production three months later on a limited basis, returning its products to the market on August 31 in portions of Texas and Alabama as part of a five-phase plan to return to much of its pre-recall distribution territory, which has been reduced to 20 states based on Blue Bell's limited distribution capabilities in the near term.

text: Operations[edit]

text: As of 2015, the company operated three manufacturing facilities, with the largest facility in Brenham, and auxiliary facilities in Broken Arrow, Oklahoma, and Sylacauga, Alabama. Before the 2015 recalls, there were 50 sales and distribution centers, known as branches, spread throughout its 23-state market. These facilities employed a combined 2,800 employees, with 850 of the employees working out of Brenham. In 2006, annual sales exceeded $400 million.[11]

text: Blue Bell retains control over all aspects of its business, primarily to ensure quality control and the use of the freshest ingredients available.[8] The Kruses claim "the milk we use is so fresh it was grass only yesterday."[12] The company uses milk from approximately 60,000 cows each day, and the cream used during each day's production run is always less than 24 hours old. All production and packaging takes place within Blue Bell facilities, which are able to produce over 100 pints per minute.[12][13] Drivers of delivery vehicles personally stock store shelves so they can ensure it is handled properly.[6]

text: According to figures gathered by Statista, a market data and statistics portal, while combined private labels sold more, in 2014 Blue Bell was the best-selling ice cream brand in the United States.[14] The sales area is primarily concentrated in the Southern United States, and has been sold as far west as Las Vegas, as far north as Indianapolis and Denver, and as far east as Richmond, Virginia. Overall, this area comprises only 20% of the United States.[15] By comparison, each of Blue Bell's top four competitors sells its products in over 86% of the United States. To become one of the three biggest ice cream manufacturers, Blue Bell has consistently been the top seller in the majority of the markets the company has entered.[8] For example, in its home state of Texas, the company has a 52% market share.[16] Within five months of its entry into Baton Rouge, Louisiana, the company had garnered 35% of the ice cream market.[17] People living outside the sales area can have the ice cream shipped to them (although this has temporarily been halted while the company is ramping up production after the recalls), and former President George W. Bush (a former Governor of Texas) often had the ice cream shipped to Camp David during his administration.[18] In 2006 and 2012, astronauts aboard the International Space Station were also treated to Blue Bell ice cream "to help out (the crew's) happiness quotient."[19]

text: Products[edit]

text: Blue Bell produces over 250 different frozen products. Of these, 66 are flavors of ice cream. Twenty of the flavors are offered year-round, while an additional two to three dozen are offered seasonally.[20] In addition to ice cream, the company produces frozen yogurt, sherbet, and an array of frozen treats on a stick.[20] Unlike competitors which have reduced their standard containers to 48-56 fluid ounces (1.42-1.66 L), Blue Bell continues to sell true half-gallon (64 fl oz/1.89 L) containers, a fact it mentions prominently in its advertising.[21]

text: Blue Bell introduced its flagship flavor, Homemade Vanilla, in 1969[3] and was the first company to mass-produce the flavor Cookies 'n Cream.[22] Although the company at one time made Cookies 'n Cream from Nabisco's Oreo cookies, buying ordinary retail packages, today it bakes its own cookies.[12] As of 1997, Blue Bell Homemade Vanilla was the best-selling single flavor of ice cream in the United States,[6] and in 2001, Forbes named Blue Bell the best ice cream in the country.[23]

text: R.W. Apple, Jr., of The New York Times claimed in 2006 that "[w]ith clean, vibrant flavors and a rich, luxuriant consistency achieved despite a butterfat content a little lower than some competitors, it hooks you from the first spoonful. Entirely and blessedly absent are the cloying sweetness, chalky texture, and oily, gummy aftertaste that afflict many mass-manufactured ice creams."[12]

text: Occasionally, when Blue Bell enters a market the company marks the occasion with the introduction of a regional flavor within that market. For example, when it entered Colorado on March 14, 2011, Blue Bell introduced a new flavor exclusive to Colorado, Rocky Mountain Road, made with more premium ingredients (including chocolate-covered nuts and a marshmallow swirl) compared to its year-round Rocky Road. While the test market was in the Denver metropolitan area, there was speculation that the rest of the state would soon see Blue Bell on store shelves.[24] Eventually, this flavor would be distributed to Blue Bell's entire sales territory.

text: 2015 Listeriosis outbreak[edit]

text: In 2015, Blue Bell issued its first recall in its 108-year history. The recall was issued on an assortment of items produced at its creameries, due to the discovery of five cases of listeriosis in Kansas believed to be caused by products produced at its creamery in Broken Arrow, Oklahoma.[25] Three of the five patients with listeria died.[26]

text: Despite a series of subsequent recalls, and the temporary shutdown of its Broken Arrow plant, "an enhanced sampling program" launched by Blue Bell produced "several positive tests for Listeria in different places and plants", including three further cases in Texas.[27] As a result, on the evening of April 20, 2015 the company took precautionary measures and expanded its recall to cover all of its products—a recall of over eight million gallons, to be disposed of in a sanitary landfill.[28][29]

text: At the same time, the company shut down production and commenced cleanup and repair operations at its manufacturing facilities. The FDA found that the company failed to follow standard practices to prevent contamination; two years prior to the recalls, the company "repeatedly found listeria" in its Broken Arrow facility.[30] At its main production facility in Brenham, one of its production machines (which produced most of the recalled products) was so contaminated that Blue Bell announced it would permanently stop using the machine, and condensation was also reported in parts of the Brenham facility.[31]

text: Although a spokeswoman for Blue Bell had previously demurred on the subject of job losses,[32] on May 15, Blue Bell announced a series of job cuts and furloughs.[33] 1,450 (or 37 percent) of the company's employees would be laid off, while another 1,400 employees were furloughed until cleanup/repair operations concluded, and the remaining 1,050 involved in essential operations and cleanup/repair operations had wage reductions imposed on them.[34]

text: In addition, due to limited supply and distribution capabilities expected in the near term, Blue Bell announced it would suspend operations at 15 of its over 50 distribution centers indefinitely, though it has not ruled out returning to these markets eventually.[35] The affected distribution centers included:

text:
Phoenix, Arizona (2 branches)
Tucson, Arizona
Denver, Colorado
Indianapolis, Indiana
Kansas City, Kansas
Wichita, Kansas
Louisville, Kentucky
Las Vegas, Nevada
Albuquerque, New Mexico
Charlotte, North Carolina
Raleigh, North Carolina
Columbia, South Carolina
Richmond, Virginia
Suffolk, Virginia (Hampton Roads area)

text: The recalls were so severe that they threatened to shut down the company; executives warned shareholders that they faced a "capital crisis."[30] On July 14, 2015, Sid Bass, a prominent Texas investor, became a partner and investor with the company; Blue Bell secured a $125 million loan to continue operations.[36] Around the same time, Blue Bell's plant in Sylacauga, Alabama resumed production, creating test batches as part of a "test and hold" procedure in which ice cream is not packaged for sale until the batch tests negative for all strains of bacteria including the strain of listeria responsible for the aforementioned recalls.

text: Return[edit]

text: On August 17, 2015, Blue Bell announced a five-phase plan to return to store shelves:[37]

text:
Phase 1: Houston and Austin areas of Texas, plus Birmingham and Montgomery areas of Alabama (near the company's Sylacauga facility).
Phase 2: North central Texas (Dallas-Fort Worth) and southern Oklahoma including Tulsa (near the company's Broken Arrow facility).
Phase 3: Southwest Texas (San Antonio) and central Oklahoma including Oklahoma City.
Phase 4: Majority of Texas plus southern Louisiana including Baton Rouge and New Orleans.
Phase 5: Remainder of Texas, Alabama, Oklahoma and Louisiana, plus all of Arkansas, Florida and Mississippi and parts of Georgia, Kentucky, Missouri, New Mexico, North Carolina, South Carolina, Tennessee and Virginia.

text: Even in those states where Blue Bell plans to return, it will not necessarily return to all of its pre-recall markets by the final phase. However these markets, including Charlotte, Kansas City, Louisville, Phoenix and Richmond, may be added in the future based on whether or not Blue Bell can effectively service these areas.

text: Phase 1 began on August 31, 2015. Phase 2 began in November, 2015. A month later phases 3 and 4 began.

text: The day following its initial rollout, September 1, Blue Bell resumed production at its Broken Arrow, Oklahoma facility.[38]

text: On January 28, 2016, the company resumed distribution to large portions of the Southeastern US.[39]

text: In March 2018, the company began distribution to much of Indiana, midsection of Kentucky & northern New Mexico.

text: Justice Department investigation[edit]

text:
External video

 "Department of Justice investigating Blue Bell Listeria outbreak". CBS Evening News report dated December 29, 2015, outlining the United States Department of Justice investigation into Blue Bell Creameries.

text: In December 2015, CBS Evening News reported that the United States Department of Justice (DOJ) had launched a federal criminal investigation into Blue Bell Creameries, to determine "what exactly Blue Bell executives knew about the contaminations and unsanitary conditions, when they knew, and what they did in response".[40][41][42][43] The investigation, by the DOJ's Consumer Protection Branch, is reportedly led by trial attorney Patrick Hearn, who successfully prosecuted executives of the Peanut Corporation of America in 2015.[44][45] Mark Abueg, a DOJ spokesman, told the Houston Press: "As a matter of policy, the Justice Department generally neither confirms nor denies whether a matter is under investigation."[46]


document_title: Publishers Clearing House

question_text: when is the publishers clearing house sweepstakes drawing

text: Publishers Clearing House

text: History[edit]

text: Early history[edit]

text: Publishers Clearing House was founded in 1953 in Port Washington, New York, by Harold Mertz,[4][5] a former manager of a door-to-door sales team for magazine subscriptions.[6] The company started in Mertz's basement with help from his wife LuEsther and daughter Joyce.[7][8] Its first mailings were of 10,000 envelopes from Mertz's home in Long Island, New York, and offered 20 magazine subscriptions. 100 orders were received. Within a few years the company moved out of Mertz's basement into an office building and started hiring staff. When PCH moved its headquarters in 1969, its prior location was donated to the city and renamed the Harold E. Mertz community center.[8] The company revenue had grown to US$50 million by 1981, and $100 million by 1988.[6]

text: In 1967 PCH started its first sweepstakes as a way to increase subscription sales,[9] based on the sweepstakes held by Reader's Digest.[4] The first prizes ranged from 25 cents to $10 and entrants had a 1 in 10 chance of winning. After the sweepstakes increased response rates to mailings, prizes of[8] $5,000[6] and eventually $250,000 were offered.[10] PCH began advertising the sweepstakes on TV in 1974.[7][11] It was the only major multi-magazine subscription business until 1977. Former client Time Inc. and several other publishers formed American Family Publishers (AFP) to compete with PCH after the company refused repeated requests by Time for a larger share of sales revenue from magazine subscriptions.[4][8]

text: AFP and PCH competed for exclusive rights to magazines and for the better promotion and prize ideas. When AFP increased their jackpot to $1 million,[10] then to $10 million in 1985, PCH raised its prizes to match.[4] $7 million in prizes were distributed by 1979,[12] $40 million by 1991[5] and $137 million by 2000.[9] In 1989 two members of its advertising team, Dave Sayer and Todd Sloane, started the Prize Patrol, a publicized event where winners are surprised with a check at their home. The idea was inspired by the 1950s television series "The Millionaire".[4][13][14]

text: In 1992 thousands of discarded sweepstakes entries from contestants who had not bought magazine subscriptions were found in the trash by city employees,[4][15] reinforcing beliefs that the company favored those who made purchases in selecting a sweepstakes winner.[4] PCH said this was done by a disgruntled employee at their mail processing vendor.[8] A class action ensued, which PCH settled by giving discarded entrants a second chance to win.[4][15][16]

text: Government regulation[edit]

text: In the 1990s PCH and its primary competitor, AFP, experienced a series of legal troubles due to concerns that their mailings misled consumers about their odds of winning and implied that magazine purchases increased their chances.[4][10] This led to the Deceptive Mail Prevention and Enforcement Act of 2000, which regulates direct mail businesses.[4] At the senate hearings regarding this Act, PCH said most consumers were not confused about their chances of winning or that purchases did not increase their chances. The company said less than five percent of participants spend more than $300.[8] Government officials from California said 5,000 local consumers paid more than $2,500 each in magazine purchases under the false belief that they were increasing their odds of winning the sweepstakes.[17]

text: Industry sources estimated PCH's response rates decreased by 7-12 percent and its sales volume by 22 to 30 percent in response to the bad publicity from the lawsuits.[6][18] In 2000, PCH laid off a quarter of its 800-person work force.[18]

text: Lawsuits[edit]

text: In 1994 PCH sent mailings telling recipients they were all "finalists", which led to[10] a lawsuit involving the attorneys general of 14 US states.[19][20][21] Later that year, PCH denied wrongdoing, but agreed to pay a settlement of $490,000 and to change their practices.[20] Under the agreement, PCH said it would define terms like "finalist" and disclose the chances of winning.[22]

text: In 1997, a contestant of competitor AFP flew to Tampa, Florida, thinking he had won, though he had not. The resulting publicity caused more lawsuits for both companies.[6] PCH reached a $30 million national settlement in 1999.[8][23] In 2000, another $18 million settlement was reached with 24 states, after the company sent mass mailings that said "You are a winner!" and used mock personalized checks.[17][24] PCH agreed to avoid similar mailings in the future, and add a "sweepstakes fact box" to mailings.[17][24]

text: State attorneys spoke out against the national settlement from 2000 and additional lawsuits were filed by individual states.[8] Another $34 million settlement was reached in 2001 in a lawsuit involving 25 states.[1][25] As part of the settlement, PCH was required to avoid terms like "Guaranteed Winner," add disclaimers to mailings saying that the recipient has not won and that purchasing merchandise won't increase their chances.[26][25][27] PCH reached settlements with all fifty states and agreed to work with a "compliance counsel."[6] PCH apologized in the settlement and said it would contact customers who had spent more than $1,000 on merchandise the prior year".[27]

text: PCH also reached an agreement with Iowa in 2007.[28] In 2010 the company paid $3.5 million to the Attorneys General of 32 states and the District of Columbia to settle possible contempt charges that it had violated the terms of the 2001 agreement. The company denied wrongdoing, but agreed to work with both an ombudsperson and a compliance counsel who would review its mailings quarterly.[29][30][31][32]

text: In April 2014, an investigation by the Senate Special Committee on Aging concluded that PCH had "pushed the limits" of prior agreements and that additional legislation may be needed.[33]

text: Online development[edit]

text: PCH began selling merchandise in 1985[7] with two products. After a Hershey's Chocolate Cookbook and a diet cookbook sold more than other products, the company began expanding into jewelry, media, collectibles, household products and others.[8] The company also shifted its focus online.[1][34] It began selling magazine subscriptions and merchandise on PCH.com in 1996.[35] In 2006, it acquired Blingo Inc., an ad-supported metasearch engine that was later re-branded as PCH Search and Win.[13][36] PCH ran contests on Twitter, Facebook and Myspace. iPhone apps for slot games and trivia were developed. The company created online play-and-win sites like PCH Games (formerly Candystand) and PCHQuiz4Cash, with air-hockey and video poker games.[1]

text: In December 2010, PCH acquired Funtank and its online gaming site Candystand.com.[37] In 2011, PCH promoted a "$5,000 every week for life" sweepstakes in TV ads and the front page of AOL.com.[11][26] The following year the company acquired a mobile marketing company, Liquid Wireless.[38] The company utilized, then stopped then started again utilizing coregistration (through other websites) to expand its customer base.[39]

text: In 2008, a PCH spokesperson said the digital properties were intended to attract younger consumers. By 2013, the internet had become PCH's primary channel of interaction with consumers.[7] The New York Times described the digital transition as "part of an overall effort to collect information on Web users, show them advertisements and use the registration information for PCH’s mailing lists."[1]

text: Products[edit]

text: PCH is a direct-marketing company that sells merchandise, magazine subscriptions and operates several prize-based websites.[11] While best known for the sweepstakes and Prize Patrol it uses to promote its magazine subscriptions,[1][13][35] the majority of the company's revenue now comes from merchandise.[11] The company has been selling books, media, jewelry and other consumer items[4] since the 1980s.[8] PCH operates eight websites, including PCH Search and Win, PCH Lotto, PCH Games, PCH Save and Win, and Candystand.[1][11]

text: The company also sells magazine subscriptions at a discount and advertises subscriptions along with its sweepstakes.[40] It's estimated that companies like PCH keep 75-90 percent of the fees from the original subscription, while publishers use the increased distribution to improve circulation numbers and revenue from renewals.[10][41] PCH popularized the idea of using sweepstakes to sell magazine subscriptions in the direct-marketing market and became known by detractors as a producer of junk-mail for advertising through mass-mailings.[5][40] Documents filed with the New York State Department in 1993 said that year the company mailed 220 million envelopes. Frequent buyers can receive 30-40 mailings a year.[42]

text: Sweepstakes[edit]

text: Although PCH advertises its sweepstakes along with magazine subscriptions, no purchase is necessary to enter or win.[10][42][43] In 1995, PCH began the tradition of announcing winners of its $10 million prize just after the Super Bowl.[44] As of 2012, $225 million in prizes have been distributed.[8] Some of its larger prizes are for $5,000 a week for life,[45] or $10 million.[46] Prizes can also range from $1 Amazon gift cards to $2,500, $1 million or $3 million.[47] The larger cash prizes are paid in installments, typically with a balloon payment at 30 years,[48] reducing the present value of prizes to much less than their nominal values.

text: Odds of Winning[edit]

text: According to the official rules, as of 2018, the odds of winning “$7000 a Week for Life” in Giveaway 11000 are 1 in 6.2 billion. [49] The odds of winning a PCH sweepstakes vary depending on the number of entries and what prize or sweepstakes is involved.[47] Smaller prizes have better odds that may vary from one in 223 to one in 80,000, depending on the prize.[47]

text: Prize Patrol[edit]

text: The Prize Patrol surprises sweepstakes winners at their homes, work or other locations with cash prizes and captures the event on video.[7] Since their introduction in 1989, these reality TV-style videos of prize-winners surprised at their doorstep with checks for $1,000 to $10 million have been used in widely broadcast television commercials, and, more recently, in the company's online acquisition efforts, websites and social media communications.[7][11][26][50] In 2013, a $5 million television campaign modified the traditional prize patrol commercial by digitally altering video from classic sitcoms like The Brady Bunch and Gilligan's Island to show the prize patrol visiting characters in the show.[50]

text: The Prize Patrol has made in-person appearances or delivered prizes on TV programs such as The Oprah Winfrey Show[51] and The Price Is Right.[52][53] Their surprise winning moments have been spoofed by Jay Leno,[54] Conan O'Brien[55] and the cast of Saturday Night Live;[56] woven into the plots of movies such as Let's Go to Prison,[57][58] The Sentinel[59] and Knight and Day;[60][61] and the subject of cartoons.[8]


document_title: Summer of the Monkeys

question_text: where does summer of the monkeys take place

text: Summer of the Monkeys

text:
Summer of the Monkeys

First edition

Author
Wilson Rawls

Country
Argentina

Language
english

Genre
Children's novel

Publisher
Doubleday

Publication date

1976

Media type
Print (Hardback & Paperback)

Pages
283

ISBN
0-440-41580-2

text: Summer of the Monkeys is a 1976 children's novel written by Wilson Rawls. It was published by Doubleday (later released by Yearling Books) and was the winner of the William Allen White Book Award and the California Young Reader Medal.[1]

text: Plot summary[edit]

text: The book is set at the end of the nineteenth century. The protagonist is a 14-year-old boy named Jay Berry Lee, who had enjoyed an idyllic childhood. Born to Missouri sharecroppers, he moves with his family to Oklahoma after his grandfather offers them free land. Daisy, his sister, has a crippled leg, and they devote much effort to gaining enough money to pay for reconstructive surgery. One day, while looking for their lost milk cow, Jay Berry discovers monkeys in a nearby river bottom. Visiting his grandfather's store, he learns that they have escaped from a travelling circus, which has offered a vast reward for their capture: $100 for the chief monkey, "Jimbo", and $2 each for the others. Jay Berry makes multiple attempts to capture them using traps and a net borrowed from his grandfather, but he gains only scratches and bites from them, at one point even losing his pants in the process.

text: Under the direction of his grandfather, Jay Berry contacts the circus and is advised to attempt to befriend Jimbo. Upon returning to the monkeys' grove, he finds them around a hidden still; the drunken monkeys indeed befriend him, but their gesture of friendship is a gift of whiskey that leaves him drunk. After returning to his shocked family, he goes with his grandfather to a nearby town to visit the library and discover alternate methods of monkey-catching. Having bought supplies, they return home, but the monkeys steal it all.

text: Daisy discovers a fairy ring, and believing it capable of granting wishes, secretly wishes that Jay Berry may be able to buy the pony and rifle that he has long desired. Soon afterward, a fierce storm frightens the monkeys into accompanying him into captivity, and he quickly returns them to the circus for his reward. Although he considers buying the pony and rifle, he chooses to finance Daisy's surgery instead. By the conclusion, he and his grandfather have accumulated enough money to buy him a paint pony. Daisy was able to gather enough money to get him a .22 gun while she was in the city.

text: Film adaptation[edit]

text: Summer of the Monkeys is a 1998 American family adventure-drama film directed by Michael Anderson and stars Corey Sevier as Jay Berry Lee, a young boy who discovers circus monkeys living in the forest near his home. The movie also stars Michael Ontkean and Leslie Hope as Jay Berry's parents, as well as Katie Stuart, Don Francks, and Wilford Brimley.

text: The book was made into a movie in 1997 by Edge Productions in Saskatoon, Saskatchewan and received a limited theatrical release in both Canada and the United States in 1998 and was released on home video in the United States by Walt Disney Home Video, a subsidiary of Buena Vista Home Entertainment, Inc.


document_title: List of World Series of Poker Main Event champions

question_text: who won the workd series of poker 2017

question_tokens: who won the workd series of poker 2017

text: Milestones[edit]

text: Johnny Moss was the first person to win the WSOP. Since then only Moss and Stu Ungar have won the Main Event three times; Ungar is the only one to have won three times in the freeze-out format. Moss, Ungar, Doyle Brunson and Johnny Chan are the only people who have won the Main Event two years in a row. Johnny Chan's second victory in 1988 was featured on the 1998 film Rounders.[4] Peter Eastgate was the youngest person to win the Main Event when he won it in 2008, at 22 years of age.[5] He held that record for one year, when 21-year-old Joe Cada became the youngest Main Event champion.

text: Key[edit]

text:
*
Elected to the Poker Hall of Fame.

†
Denotes player who is deceased.

Year
The year of the tournament linked to the WSOP for the given year.

Winner
The person who won the Main Event.

Nickname
Nickname of the player.

Hand
The two hole cards the winner held on the final hand.

Prize (US$)
WSOP Main Event prize money.

Entrants
The number of players in that year's Main Event.

Winnings
Lifetime winnings in WSOP and WSOP Circuit events as of April 15, 2013.

Bracelets
WSOP victories are counted in terms of bracelets, as of April 15, 2013.

Ref.
References

text: World Series of Poker Main Event[edit]

text:
Image
Year
Winner
Nickname
Hand
Prize (US$)
Entrants[6]
Total tournament
earnings (US$)
WSOP bracelets
Ref.

1970
Moss, JohnnyJohnny Moss*†
The Grand Old Man of Poker[7]
N/A
N/A
7000700000000000000♠7
7005824922000000000♠824,922
9
[8]

1971
Moss, JohnnyJohnny Moss*†
The Grand Old Man of Poker
6  6
7004300000000000000♠30,000
7000600000000000000♠6
7005824922000000000♠824,922
9
[8]

1972
Preston, ThomasThomas Preston*†
Amarillo Slim[9]
K  J
7004800000000000000♠80,000
7000800000000000000♠8
7005436055000000000♠436,055
4
[10]

1973
Pearson, WalterWalter Pearson*†
Puggy[11]
A♠ 7♠
7005130000000000000♠130,000
7001130000000000000♠13
7005245740000000000♠245,740
4
[12]

1974
Moss, JohnnyJohnny Moss*†
The Grand Old Man of Poker
3♥ 3♠
7005160000000000000♠160,000
7001160000000000000♠16
7005824922000000000♠824,922
9
[8]

1975
Roberts, BrianBrian Roberts*†
Sailor[13]
J♠ J♥ [14]
7005210000000000000♠210,000
7001210000000000000♠21
7005266650000000000♠266,650
2
[15]

1976
Brunson, DoyleDoyle Brunson*
Texas Dolly[16][h]
10♠ 2♠
7005220000000000000♠220,000
7001220000000000000♠22
7006280894500000000♠2,808,945
10
[17]

1977
Brunson, DoyleDoyle Brunson*
Texas Dolly
10♠ 2♥
7005340000000000000♠340,000
7001340000000000000♠34
7006280894500000000♠2,808,945
10
[17]

1978
Baldwin, BobbyBobby Baldwin*
The Owl[18]
Q♦ Q♣
7005210000000000000♠210,000
7001420000000000000♠42
7005604900000000000♠604,900
4
[19]

1979
Fowler, HalHal Fowler†
—
7♠ 6♦
7005270000000000000♠270,000
7001540000000000000♠54
7005270000000000000♠270,000
1
[20]

1980
Ungar, StuStu Ungar*†
Stuey
or
The Kid[21]
5♠ 4♠
7005385000000000000♠385,000
7001730000000000000♠73
7006207883800000000♠2,078,838
5
[22]

1981
Ungar, StuStu Ungar*†
Stuey
or
The Kid
A♥ Q♥
7005375000000000000♠375,000
7001750000000000000♠75
7006207883800000000♠2,078,838
5
[22]

1982
Straus, JackJack Straus[b]*†
Treetop[23]
A♥ 10♠
7005520000000000000♠520,000
7002104000000000000♠104
7005555000000000000♠555,000
2
[24]

1983
McEvoy, TomTom McEvoy*
Grand Rapids Tom
Q♦ Q♠
7005540000000000000♠540,000
7002108000000000000♠108
7006129103100000000♠1,291,031
4
[25]

N/A
1984
Keller, JackJack Keller*†
Gentleman[26]
10♥ 10♠
7005660000000000000♠660,000
7002132000000000000♠132
7006204876300000000♠2,048,763
3
[26]

N/A
1985
Smith, BillBill Smith†
—
3♠ 3♥
7005700000000000000♠700,000
7002140000000000000♠140
7005788000000000000♠788,000
1
[27]

1986
Johnston, BerryBerry Johnston*
—
A♠ 10♥
7005570000000000000♠570,000
7002141000000000000♠141
7006226552300000000♠2,265,523
5
[28]

1987
Chan, JohnnyJohnny Chan*
Orient Express[29]
A♠ 9♣
7005625000000000000♠625,000
7002152000000000000♠152
7006414886800000000♠4,148,868
10
[30]

1988
Chan, JohnnyJohnny Chan*
Orient Express
J♣ 9♣
7005700000000000000♠700,000
7002167000000000000♠167
7006414886800000000♠4,148,868
10
[30]

1989
Hellmuth, PhilPhil Hellmuth[g]*
The Poker Brat[31]
9♠ 9♣
7005755000000000000♠755,000
7002178000000000000♠178
7007121895310000000♠12,189,531
14
[32]

N/A
1990
Matloubi, MansourMansour Matloubi
—
6♥ 6♠
7005895000000000000♠895,000
7002194000000000000♠194
7006601963000000000♠6,019,630
1
[33]

1991
Daugherty, BradBrad Daugherty
—
K♠ J♠
7006100000000000000♠1,000,000
7002215000000000000♠215
7006116517000000000♠1,165,170
1
[34]

1992
Dastmalchi, HamidHamid Dastmalchi
—
8♥ 4♣
7006100000000000000♠1,000,000
7002201000000000000♠201
7006164246300000000♠1,642,463
3
[35]

1993
Bechtel, JimJim Bechtel
—
J♠ 6♠
7006100000000000000♠1,000,000
7002220000000000000♠220
7006194462300000000♠1,944,623
1
[36][37]

1994
Hamilton, RussRuss Hamilton
—
K♠ 8♥
7006100000000000000♠1,000,000
7002268000000000000♠268
7006126194000000000♠1,261,940
1
[38]

1995
Harrington, DanDan Harrington*
Action Dan[39]
9♦ 8♦
7006100000000000000♠1,000,000
7002273000000000000♠273
7006349151300000000♠3,491,513
2
[40]

1996
Seed, HuckHuck Seed
—
9♦ 8♦
7006100000000000000♠1,000,000
7002295000000000000♠295
7006242684200000000♠2,426,842
4
[41]

1997
Ungar, StuStu Ungar*†
Stuey
or
The Kid
A♥ 4♣
7006100000000000000♠1,000,000
7002312000000000000♠312
7006207883800000000♠2,078,838
5
[42]

1998
Nguyen, ScottyScotty Nguyen*
The Train
or
The Prince of Poker[43]
J♦ 9♣
7006100000000000000♠1,000,000
7002350000000000000♠350
7006479481700000000♠4,794,817
5
[44]

1999
Furlong, NoelNoel Furlong
—
5♣ 5♦
7006100000000000000♠1,000,000
7002393000000000000♠393
7006107078500000000♠1,070,785
1
[45]

2000
Ferguson, ChrisChris Ferguson
Jesus [46]
A♠ 9♣
7006150000000000000♠1,500,000
7002512000000000000♠512
7006707530000000000♠7,075,300
5
[46]

2001
Mortensen, CarlosCarlos Mortensen*
El Matador[47]
K♣ Q♣
7006150000000000000♠1,500,000
7002613000000000000♠613
7006845703300000000♠8,457,033
2
[48]

2002
Varkonyi, RobertRobert Varkonyi
—
Q♦ 10♠
7006200000000000000♠2,000,000
7002631000000000000♠631
7006211021200000000♠2,110,212
1
[49]

2003
Moneymaker, ChrisChris Moneymaker[c]
—
5♦ 4♠
7006250000000000000♠2,500,000
7002839000000000000♠839
7006253204100000000♠2,532,041
1
[50]

2004
Raymer, GregGreg Raymer
Fossilman
8♠ 8♦
7006500000000000000♠5,000,000
7003257600000000000♠2,576
7006571258500000000♠5,712,585
1
[51]

2005
Hachem, JoeJoe Hachem
—
7♣ 3♠
7006750000000000000♠7,500,000
7003561900000000000♠5,619
7006802999500000000♠8,029,995
1
[52]

2006
Gold, JamieJamie Gold
—
Q♠ 9♣
7007120000000000000♠12,000,000
7003877300000000000♠8,773
7007120672920000000♠12,067,292[i]
1
[53]

2007
Yang, JerryJerry Yang
The Shadow[54]
8♦ 8♣
7006825000000000000♠8,250,000
7003635800000000000♠6,358
7006825000000000000♠8,250,000
1
[55]

2008
Eastgate, PeterPeter Eastgate
Isser[5]
A♦ 5♠
7006915241600000000♠9,152,416
7003684400000000000♠6,844
7006915241600000000♠9,152,416
1
[56]

2009
Cada, JoeJoe Cada
—
9♦ 9♣
7006857464900000000♠8,574,649
7003649400000000000♠6,494
7006857464900000000♠8,574,649
2
[57]

2010
Jonathan Duhamel
—
A♠ J♥
7006894413800000000♠8,944,138
7003731900000000000♠7,319
7006894431000000000♠8,944,310
3
[58]

2011
Heinz, PiusPius Heinz
—
A♠ K♣
7006871563800000000♠8,715,638
7003686500000000000♠6,865
7006879892400000000♠8,798,924
1
[59]

N/A
2012
Merson, GregGreg Merson
—
K♦ 5♦
7006853185300000000♠8,531,853
7003659800000000000♠6,598
7006978148300000000♠9,781,483
2
[60]

N/A
2013
Riess, RyanRyan Riess
Riess the Beast
A♥ K♥
7006835953100000000♠8,359,531
7003635200000000000♠6,352
7006835953100000000♠8,359,531
1
[61]

2014
Jacobson, MartinMartin Jacobson
—
10♥ 10♦
7007100000000000000♠10,000,000
7003668300000000000♠6,683
7007148337320000000♠14,833,732
1
[62]

2015
McKeehen, JoeJoe McKeehen
—
A♥ 10♦
7006768334600000000♠7,683,346
7003642000000000000♠6,420
7006887762500000000♠8,877,625
2
[63]

2016
Nguyen, QuiQui Nguyen
Tommy Gun
K♣ 10♣
7006800531000000000♠8,005,310
7003673700000000000♠6,737
7006805829600000000♠8,058,296
1
[64]

N/A
2017
Blumstein, ScottScott Blumstein
—
A♥ 2♦
7006815000000000000♠8,150,000
7003722100000000000♠7,221
7006815820600000000♠8,158,206
1
[65]

text: World Series of Poker Europe Main Event[edit]

text: The World Series of Poker Europe (WSOPE) is the first expansion effort of World Series of Poker-branded poker tournaments outside the United States. Since 1970, the bracelet events have occurred every year in Las Vegas. The inaugural WSOPE, held in 2007, marked the first time that a WSOP bracelet was awarded outside Las Vegas.[66] The 2007 Main Event, a GBP 10,000 buy-in no-limit hold 'em tournament, was won by Norwegian player Annette Obrestad on the day before her 19th birthday. This made her the youngest person to win a WSOP bracelet, a record that cannot be broken in the Las Vegas WSOP under current laws because the minimum legal age for casino gaming in Nevada is 21. Obrestad could play in the WSOPE because the minimum age for casino gaming in the United Kingdom is 18. The World Series of Poker Europe has a unique identity from the Las Vegas WSOP, but according to Harrah's will remain true to the traditions and heritage.[66] The 2011 WSOP Europe main event was an 8-handed event.[67]

text:
Image
Year
Winner
Nickname
Hand
Prize
Entrants[6]
Winnings
WSOP bracelets
Ref.

2007
Obrestad, AnnetteAnnette Obrestad [e]
Annette_15[68]
7♥ 7♠
£7006100000000000000♠1,000,000
362
$7006208643700000000♠2,086,437
1
[69]

2008
Juanda, JohnJohn Juanda[f]*
—
K♠ 6♣
£7005868800000000000♠868,800
362
$7006482581600000000♠4,825,816
5
[70]

2009
Shulman, BarryBarry Shulman
—
10♠ 10♣
£7005801603000000000♠801,603
334
—
2

N/A
2010
Bord, JamesJames Bord
—
10♦ 10♥
£7005830401000000000♠830,401
346
—
1

N/A
2011
Fox, ElioElio Fox
—
A♦ 10♠
€7006140000000000000♠1,400,000
593
—
1

2012
Hellmuth, PhilPhil Hellmuth[g]*
The Poker Brat
A♥ 10♦
€7006102237600000000♠1,022,376
7002420000000000000♠420
$7007121895310000000♠12,189,531
14
[71]

N/A
2013
Mateos, AdriánAdrián Mateos[f]
—
A♠ K♣
£7006100000000000000♠1,000,000
375
$7006137520000000000♠1,375,200
1
[72]

N/A
2015
MacPhee, KevinKevin MacPhee
ImaLuckSac
A♦ 4♦
£7005883000000000000♠883,000
313
$7006545629800000000♠5,456,298
2
[73]

text: World Series of Poker Asia Pacific Main Event[edit]

text: The World Series of Poker Asia Pacific (WSOP APAC) is the most recent expansion of World Series of Poker-branded tournaments outside the United States. On April 30, 2012, WSOP owner Caesars Entertainment and Australian casino Crown Melbourne announced that the first WSOP APAC would be launched with five bracelet events in April 2013.[74]

text:
Image
Year
Winner
Nickname
Hand
Prize (A$)
Entrants
Winnings (US$)
WSOP bracelets
Ref.

2013
Negreanu, DanielDaniel Negreanu*
Kid Poker[75]
2♠ 2♥
$7006103882500000000♠1,038,825
405[76]
$7007174714250000000♠17,471,425
6
[76][77]

N/A
2014
Scott Davies
—
6♦ 6♠
$7005850136000000000♠850,136
329
$7006165359300000000♠1,653,593
1
[78]

text: Notes[edit]

text: a The first World Series of Poker was not a freeze out tournament, but rather a game with a set start and stop time. Benny Binion took a secret ballot that asked the players who the best player was. According to poker lore, everybody said that they were the best player. Binion then asked who the second-best player was, and Johnny Moss won.[79]

text: b Jack Straus' 1982 WSOP tournament victory is considered to be one of the greatest comebacks in poker history. At one point, Straus was down to one chip, and he came back to win. This victory is considered the origin of the poker saying, "A chip and a chair." A saying that means that as long as you have a chip and a chair you have a chance. Modern lore indicates that this happened at the final table, but the 1983 book The Biggest Game in Town implies this occurred on the first day of the tournament.[80]

text: c Chris Moneymaker won the entry into the WSOP Main Event via a $39 online satellite.[81]

text: d Joe Cada is the youngest person to have won the WSOP Main Event.[5]

text: e Annette Obrestad won the WSOPE at the age of 7003693800000000000♠18 years, 364 days, making her the youngest person to have won a WSOP bracelet. She is also the first woman to have won a Main Event tournament and in 2007 was considered to be one of the best online multi-table tournament players in the world.[68]

text: f The final table at the 2008 WSOPE Main Event, was the longest final table in the WSOP history. The tournament lasted 22 hours (a WSOP record) and 434 hands (a WSOP record).[82]

text: g At the 2012 World Series of Poker Europe Main Event, Hellmuth won his record-breaking 13th bracelet. This also made him the first player ever to win the Main Events at both the WSOP and WSOPE.[71] Hellmuth also holds the records for most WSOP cashes (100) and most WSOP final tables (49).[83]

text: h Doyle Brunson obtained the nickname of Texas Dolly when Jimmy The Greek mispronounced his name.[16]

text: i In recent years, the prize pool for the WSOP Main Event has become so large that the winner instantly becomes one of the top money winners in tournament poker. Jamie Gold (2006) is number eight on that list, Joe Hachem (2005) is number ten, and Peter Eastgate (2008) is number eleven.[84]

text: j The Unlawful Internet Gambling Enforcement Act of 2006 curtailed online gambling in the United States.[85]