document_title: Walter (Muppet)

question_text: who did the whistling in the muppet movie

text: Walter (Muppet)

text: Biography[edit]

text: During his adolescence in Smalltown, Walter frequently watched The Muppet Show, collecting memorabilia and finding the cast as a source of inspiration during his upbringing—which is why he often refers to himself as the "world’s biggest Muppet fan".[6] While on vacation in Los Angeles, Walter assists the Muppets in regaining both their popularity with the public and control of their acquired studios from oil baron Tex Richman.

text: Later in the film, Walter starts to question whether he is man, which he was believed to be his entire life, or actually a Muppet, which was why he always felt a strong connection towards them. This emotion eventually leads him to sing the Academy Award-winning song, "Man or Muppet", where the human version of Walter is portrayed by actor Jim Parsons. The scene is pivotal to the character's arc as it resolves Walter's internal issues with himself. The character's solo act of whistling in the telethon's finale was performed by musician Andrew Bird.[7] At the conclusion of the film, Walter deduces that he is a Muppet, adopts whistling as his sole talent and joins the group as their newest member.

text: A 2010 article from Entertainment Weekly described Walter by writing;

text: Meet the newest member of the Muppet repertory company: Walter, a sweet, slightly naive twenty-something every-puppet who, in the movie, is the best friend and roommate of Jason Segel's character, Gary. Both Gary and Walter are die-hard Muppet fans. "Walter is the kind of guy who faints when he sees Kermit," [James] Bobin says. Of course, Walter's Muppet fandom is complicated by the fact that he is a Muppet himself. "Walter has a bit of a self-confidence issue because he's the only person like him that he's seen aside from the Muppets," Segel explains. "His dream is to meet the Muppets and be around people who are like him." When Gary and Walter learn that the Muppet Theater is in danger of being torn down, they set out to save it by reuniting Kermit, Piggy and the entire troupe to stage an old-fashioned extravaganza.[8]

text: —Entertainment Weekly

text: Development[edit]

text: Characterization[edit]

text: In the process of conceptualizing Walter, Nicholas Stoller said; "We wanted a simple character, who was pure innocence and pure enthusiasm as an entry point for kids who aren't necessarily as familiar with The Muppets as their parents." Jason Segel, added: "He's a stand-in for me, a hardcore Muppet fan who wants to know what the hell happened to them."[9] He also revealed a shared ambition with the character; "He sets out to make them as famous as they once were — which was sort of our goal in making this movie."[10] Stoller and Segel's screenplay had described Walter as the adopted younger brother of Gary and had set Walter's age to be approximately 30 years old.[9]

text: Much to the producers' surprise, Disney granted them the creative license to conceive a new Muppet without any initial marketing research, a technique Disney often employs when creating characters for their consumer products franchisees.[9] Segel and Stoller, however, were only responsible for creating Walter's personality and character traits—his physical appearance was crafted by the Muppets Studio and Puppet Heap.[10]

text:
"I was sitting on their sofa, and I got the phone call, and I remember just kicking my legs in the air and screaming like a little girl... it's just an absolute dream come true."

— Peter Linz on receiving the role.[11]

tag: div

text: Peter Linz came to the producers' attention after a screenplay read-through, where he assisted fellow Muppet performer Eric Jacobson.[9] The producers called Linz, asking if he were interested in auditioning for the role. Linz, however, did not initially win over the film's producers, and he was asked to audition again. During his second audition, Linz was told to emulate actor Michael Cera in his demeanor, because the producers wanted Walter to be quiet and shy, similar to the way Cera acts.[12] Linz received the role after completing his second audition, where he improvised dialogue with Segel and performed several music duets, including "Love Will Keep Us Together".[9] As Walter's characterization became more defined, Linz identified a comparative bond between him and Walter; "The character of Walter hits really close to home for me. I’ve always been an enormous Muppet fan who dreamed of one day working with the Muppets, and that’s basically who Walter is."[13] Producer Todd Lieberman remarked, "The emotional core of the movie is Walter. The idea is that he's not comfortable where he is now but he ends up finding a place where he's comfortable at. That's a really great lesson."[4]

text: Design[edit]

text: In the screenplay for The Muppets, Stoller and Segel described Walter as having the feel of "an old dishrag" that wore a blue suit.[9] The writers stated that they wanted Walter to be small, because even though he was an adult, he needed to feel like he was "out of place in the human world." Walter's actual height has been recorded as being 18 inches tall.[14] Paul Andrejco, president of Puppet Heap, showed the producers 14 different iterations of the basic puppet, each of them different in size and shape. Andrejco and the producers had to choose from 25 different possibilities for color and texture, ranging from "pink and scruffy to orange-y speckly to flat gray".[9] Lieberman spoke about how Walter couldn't be a joke, and said, "At the end of the movie, you want to shed a tear for him when he finds his place."[9]

text: Appearances[edit]

text: Walter also appeared with the rest of the Muppets on several promotional posters and images. He also appeared several times to promote the film, including appearing on Late Night with Jimmy Fallon, along with Jason Segel.[15] Walter appeared as part of the Muppets ensemble in Cee Lo Green's "All I Need Is Love" in 2012.

text: Filmography[edit]

text:
The Muppets (2011)
Lady Gaga and the Muppets' Holiday Spectacular (2013) (TV)
Muppets Most Wanted (2014)
Disney Drive-On with The Muppets (2014) (Web)[16]
The Muppets (2015) (TV) (Presentation Pilot Only)
The Muppets Take the Bowl (2017)


document_title: Scotland at the FIFA World Cup

question_text: when did scotland last qualify for world cup

root

text: Scotland at the FIFA World Cup

text: History[edit]

text: Scotland, like the other Home Nations, did not enter the three FIFA World Cups held during the 1930s. This was because the four associations had been excluded from FIFA due to a disagreement regarding the status of amateur players.[9] The four associations, including Scotland, returned to the FIFA fold after the Second World War.[9] The readmission of the Scottish Football Association to FIFA meant that Scotland were now eligible to enter the 1950 FIFA World Cup. FIFA advised that places would be awarded to the top two teams in the 1949–50 British Home Championship, but the SFA announced that Scotland would attend the finals only if Scotland won the competition.[10] Scotland won their first two matches, but a 1–0 home defeat by England meant that the Scots finished as runners-up.[10] The SFA stood by this proclamation, despite pleas to the contrary by the Scotland players, supported by England captain Billy Wright and the other England players.[10][11] Sportswriter Brian Glanville later described the SFA as showing "baffling insularity and pique" in their refusal to send a team to the World Cup.[10]

tag: p

text: The same qualification rules as in 1950 were in place for the 1954 FIFA World Cup, with the 1953–54 British Home Championship acting as a qualifying group. Scotland again finished second, but this time the SFA allowed a team to participate in the Finals, held in Switzerland. To quote the SFA website, "The preparation was atrocious".[12] The SFA only sent 13 players to the finals, even though FIFA allowed 22-man squads at the tournament.[13][14] Despite this self-imposed hardship in terms of players, the SFA dignitaries travelled in numbers, accompanied with their wives.[13] Scotland lost 1–0 against Austria in their first game in the finals.[14] After falling out with the SFA, probably due to the poor preparation of the team, manager Andy Beattie resigned hours before the game against Uruguay.[10][15][14] Uruguay were reigning champions and had never before lost a game at the World Cup finals. The gulf in class was exposed in horrific fashion as Uruguay won 7–0.[10][12][16][14]

text: Scotland qualified for the 1958 FIFA World Cup, finishing ahead of Spain.[10] Matt Busby had been due to manage the team at the World Cup, but the severe injuries he suffered in the Munich air disaster meant that trainer Dawson Walker took charge of the team instead.[10] In their first match at the finals Scotland achieved a creditable draw against Yugoslavia.[10] Players Archie Robertson and Tommy Docherty were sent to watch next opponents Paraguay and they reported back that Paraguay was a "rough, fit and good" team.[10] Walker chose to ignore this advice and left out some of his combative players, including Docherty, and Scotland lost 3–2.[10] They exited the competition after also losing to France.[10]

text: Scotland failed to qualify for another World Cup in the next 16 years.[10] A "skilful but fragile" team lost a play-off to Czechoslovakia in qualification for 1962.[10] A team managed by Jock Stein, but deprived of many of its best players due to club commitments, lost a decisive qualifier against Italy in Naples for the 1966 tournament.[10] A narrow defeat by West Germany in Hamburg then ended hopes of qualifying for 1970.[10]

text: Willie Ormond was appointed Scotland manager in 1973. Ormond lost his first match in charge 5–0 to England, but recovered to steer Scotland to their first World Cup finals in 16 years in 1974. At the 1974 World Cup finals in West Germany, Scotland achieved their most impressive performance at a World Cup tournament.[17] The team was unbeaten but failed to progress beyond the group stages on goal difference.[10][17] After beating Zaire, they drew with both Brazil and Yugoslavia, and went out because they had beaten Zaire by the smallest margin.[5] This performance has been assessed as a "gallant failure", but the choice to retain possession instead of pressing for more goals against Zaire has been criticised.[10]

text: Scotland appointed Ally MacLeod as manager in 1977. Scotland qualified for the 1978 FIFA World Cup with victories over Czechoslovakia and Wales.[18] During the build-up to the tournament, MacLeod fuelled the hopes of the nation by stating that Scotland would come home from Argentina with a medal.[19] As the squad left for the finals, they were given an enthusiastic send off as they were paraded around a packed Hampden Park.[20] Thousands more fans lined the route to Prestwick Airport as the team set off for South America.[19] This enthusiasm was not just generated internally, as respected coaches such as Rinus Michels and Miljan Miljanić rated Scotland amongst the favourites to win the competition.[10][21] The Royal Mail commissioned designs of commemorative stamps that would have been circulated if Scotland had won the World Cup.[22]

text: Scotland's first game was against Peru in Córdoba. Two spectacular goals by Teófilo Cubillas meant that the result was a 3–1 loss. The second game was a very disappointing 1–1 draw against Iran.[19] The disconsolate mood of the nation was reflected by footage of Ally MacLeod in the dugout with his head in his hands.[23] MacLeod had made strange selection choices, picking inexperienced full-backs and retaining the out-of-form Bruce Rioch and Don Masson.[10]

text: After taking a single point from their opening two games, Scotland had to defeat the Netherlands by three clear goals to progress.[6] Despite the Dutch taking the lead, Scotland fought back to win 3–2 with a goal from Kenny Dalglish and two from Archie Gemmill, the second of which is considered one of the greatest World Cup goals ever;[19] Gemmill beat three Dutch defenders before lifting the ball over goalkeeper Jan Jongbloed into the net.[19][24] The victory was not sufficient to secure a place in the second round, however, as Scotland were eliminated on goal difference for the second successive World Cup.[6] This performance against strong opponents only heightened the frustration at the poor results earlier in the competition.[10] MacLeod initially retained his position, but resigned later that year.[10]

text: Jock Stein, who had won nine consecutive Scottish league titles and the European Cup as manager of Celtic, was appointed Scotland manager in 1978.[25] After failing to qualify for the 1980 European Championship,[18] Scotland qualified for the 1982 FIFA World Cup from a tough group including Sweden, Portugal, Israel and Northern Ireland, losing just one match in the process.[26] They were then drawn in a "Group of death" with New Zealand, Brazil and the Soviet Union.[10] Scotland beat New Zealand by 5–2 in their first game, but then lost 4–1 to a Brazil team containing Socrates, Zico, Eder and Falcão.[7] Scotland were again eliminated on goal difference, after a 2–2 draw with the Soviet Union. This match is best remembered for defenders Alan Hansen and Willie Miller colliding while chasing a long ball, which allowed the Soviets to run through and score.[10]

text: Scotland qualified for the 1986 FIFA World Cup, their fourth in succession, in traumatic circumstances. The squad went into their last qualification match against Wales needing a point to progress to a qualifying playoff against Australia. With only nine minutes remaining and Wales leading 1–0, Scotland were awarded a penalty kick, which was calmly scored by Davie Cooper.[27] The 1–1 draw meant that Scotland progressed, but as the players and fans celebrated, national coach Jock Stein suffered a heart attack and died shortly afterwards.[27] His assistant Alex Ferguson took over.[25] Scotland qualified by winning 2–0 against Australia in a two-leg playoff, but were again drawn into a group of death, this time with Uruguay, Denmark and West Germany.[10][28] Scotland were eliminated from the tournament with just one point from their three matches, a goalless draw with Uruguay.[29]

text: Scotland qualified for their fifth consecutive World Cup in 1990 by finishing second in their qualifying group, ahead of France.[30] Scotland were drawn in a group with Costa Rica, Sweden, and Brazil, but the Scots lost 1–0 to Costa Rica.[31] While they recovered to beat Sweden 2–1 in their second game, they lost to Brazil in their third match 1–0 and were once again eliminated after the first round.[31] Goalkeeper Jim Leighton fumbled a shot that allowed Brazil to score the only goal.[10]

text: Craig Brown guided Scotland to qualification for the 1998 FIFA World Cup, finishing as the best runners-up. Scotland were drawn against holders Brazil in the opening game of the World Cup.[32] John Collins scored from the penalty spot to level the score at 1–1, but a Tom Boyd own goal led to a 2–1 defeat. Scotland drew their next game 1–1 with Norway in Bordeaux,[2] but the final match against Morocco ended in a 3–0 defeat.[33] Scotland have not appeared at the World Cup since.

text: Records[edit]

text:
Year
Round
GP
W
D
L
GS
GA

 1930 to  1938
Did not enter[4]

 1950
Withdrew[8]

 1954
Round 1
2
0
0
2
0
8

 1958
Round 1
3
0
1
2
4
6

 1962 to  1970
Did not qualify

 1974
Round 1
3
1
2
0
3
1

 1978
Round 1
3
1
1
1
5
6

 1982
Round 1
3
1
1
1
8
8

 1986
Round 1
3
0
1
2
1
3

 1990
Round 1
3
1
0
2
2
3

 1994
Did not qualify

 1998
Round 1
3
0
1
2
2
6

 2002 to  2018
Did not qualify

 2022
TBD

Total
8/21
23
4
7
12
25
41

tag: table

text: List of matches[edit]

text:
World Cup
(manager)
Round
Opponent
Score
Result
Venue
Scotland scorers

1954
(Beattie)
Group stage
 Austria
0–1
L
Zürich
&
—

 Uruguay
0–7
L
Basel
&
—

1958
(Walker)
Group stage
 Yugoslavia
1–1
D
Västerås
Murray

 Paraguay
2–3
L
Norrköping
Mudie, Collins

 France
1–2
L
Örebro
Baird

1974
(Ormond)
Group stage
 Zaire
2–0
W
Dortmund
Lorimer, Jordan

 Brazil
0–0
D
Frankfurt
&
—

 Yugoslavia
1–1
D
Frankfurt
Jordan

1978
(MacLeod)
Group stage
 Peru
1–3
L
Córdoba
Jordan

 Iran
1–1
D
Córdoba
Eskandarian (o.g.)

 Netherlands
3–2
W
Mendoza
Dalglish, Gemmill (2)

1982
(Stein)
Group stage
 New Zealand
5–2
W
Málaga
Dalglish, Wark (2), Robertson, Archibald

 Brazil
1–4
L
Seville
Narey

 Soviet Union
2–2
D
Málaga
Jordan, Souness

1986
(Ferguson)
Group stage
 Denmark
0–1
L
Nezahualcóyotl
&
—

 West Germany
1–2
L
Querétaro
Strachan

 Uruguay
0–0
D
Nezahualcóyotl
&
—

1990
(Roxburgh)
Group stage
 Costa Rica
0–1
L
Genoa
&
—

 Sweden
2–1
W
Genoa
McCall, Johnston

 Brazil
0–1
L
Turin
&
—

1998
(Brown)
Group stage
 Brazil
1–2
L
Saint-Denis
Collins

 Norway
1–1
D
Bordeaux
Burley

 Morocco
0–3
L
Saint-Étienne
&
—

text: Squads[edit]

text:
[show]
Scotland squads at FIFA World Cup finals

[show]

v
t
e

Scotland squad – 1954 FIFA World Cup

1 Martin
2 Cunningham (c)
3 Aird
4 Evans
5 Docherty
6 Davidson
7 Cowie
8 McKenzie
9 Hamilton
10 Brown
11 Mochan
12 Fernie
13 Ormond
14 Anderson
15 Johnstone
16 Henderson
17 Mathers
18 Wilson
19 Binning
20 Combe
21 Copland
22 McMillan
Coach: Beattie

[show]

v
t
e

Scotland squad – 1958 FIFA World Cup

1 Younger (c)
2 Docherty
3 Parker
4 Caldow
5 Hewie
6 Haddock
7 McColl
8 Turnbull
9 Evans
10 Cowie
11 Mackay
12 Brown
13 Baird
14 Leggat
15 Scott
16 Murray
17 Mudie
18 Coyle
19 Collins
20 Robertson
21 Imlach
22 Fernie
Coach: Walker

[show]

v
t
e

Scotland squad – 1974 FIFA World Cup

1 Harvey
2 Jardine
3 McGrain
4 Bremner (c)
5 Holton
6 Blackley
7 Johnstone
8 Dalglish
9 Jordan
10 Hay
11 Lorimer
12 Allan
13 Stewart
14 Buchan
15 Cormack
16 Donachie
17 Ford
18 Hutchison
19 Law
20 Morgan
21 McQueen
22 Schaedler
Coach: Ormond

[show]

v
t
e

Scotland squad – 1978 FIFA World Cup

1 Rough
2 Jardine
3 Donachie
4 Buchan
5 McQueen
6 Rioch (c)
7 Masson
8 Dalglish
9 Jordan
10 Hartford
11 Johnston
12 Blyth
13 Kennedy
14 Forsyth
15 Gemmill
16 Macari
17 Johnstone
18 Souness
19 Robertson
20 Clark
21 Harper
22 Burns
Coach: MacLeod

[show]

v
t
e

Scotland squad – 1982 FIFA World Cup

1 Rough
2 McGrain
3 Gray
4 Souness (c)
5 Hansen
6 Miller
7 Strachan
8 Dalglish
9 Brazil
10 Wark
11 Robertson
12 Wood
13 McLeish
14 Narey
15 Jordan
16 Hartford
17 Evans
18 Archibald
19 Sturrock
20 Provan
21 Burley
22 Leighton
Coach: Stein

[show]

v
t
e

Scotland squad – 1986 FIFA World Cup

1 Leighton
2 Gough
3 Malpas
4 Souness (c)
5 McLeish
6 Miller
7 Strachan
8 Aitken
9 Bannon
10 Bett
11 McStay
12 Goram
13 Nicol
14 Narey
15 Albiston
16 McAvennie
17 Archibald
18 Sharp
19 Nicholas
20 Sturrock
21 Cooper
22 Rough
Coach: Ferguson

[show]

v
t
e

Scotland squad – 1990 FIFA World Cup

1 Leighton
2 McLeish
3 Aitken (c)
4 Gough
5 McStay
6 Malpas
7 Johnston
8 Bett
9 McCoist
10 MacLeod
11 Gillespie
12 Goram
13 Durie
14 McInally
15 Levein
16 McCall
17 McKimmie
18 Collins
19 McPherson
20 McAllister
21 Fleck
22 Gunn
Coach: Roxburgh

[show]

v
t
e

Scotland squad – 1998 FIFA World Cup

1 Leighton
2 McNamara
3 Boyd
4 Calderwood
5 Hendry (c)
6 T. McKinlay
7 Gallacher
8 Burley
9 Durie
10 Jackson
11 Collins
12 Sullivan
13 Donnelly
14 Lambert
15 Gemmill
16 Weir
17 W. McKinlay
18 Elliott
19 Whyte
20 Booth
21 Gould
22 Dailly
Coach: Brown


document_title: Hacksaw Ridge

question_text: who plays the main character in hacksaw ridge

text: Hacksaw Ridge

text: Plot[edit]

text: As a child, Desmond Doss nearly kills his younger brother Hal. This experience and his Seventh-day Adventist upbringing reinforce Desmond's belief in the commandment "Thou shalt not kill". Years later, Doss takes an injured man to the hospital and meets a nurse, Dorothy Schutte. The two begin a relationship and Doss tells Dorothy of his interest in medical work.

text: After the Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor, Doss enlists in the Army and intends to serve as a combat medic. His father Tom, a troubled World War I veteran, is deeply upset by the decision. Before leaving for Fort Jackson, he asks for Dorothy's hand in marriage and she accepts.

text: Doss is placed under the command of Sergeant Howell. He excels physically but becomes an outcast among his fellow soldiers for refusing to handle a rifle and train on Saturdays. Howell and Captain Glover attempt to discharge Doss for psychiatric reasons but are overruled, as Doss' religious beliefs do not constitute mental illness. They subsequently torment Doss by putting him through grueling labor, intending to get Doss to leave of his own accord. Despite being beaten one night by his fellow soldiers, he refuses to identify his attackers and continues training.

text: Doss' unit completes basic training and is released on leave, during which Doss intends to marry Dorothy, but his refusal to carry a firearm leads to an arrest for insubordination. Captain Glover and Dorothy visit Doss in jail and try to convince him to plead guilty so that he can be released without charge but Doss refuses to compromise his beliefs. At his trial, Doss pleads not guilty, but before he is sentenced, his father barges into the tribunal with a letter from a former commanding officer stating that his son's pacifism is protected by an Act of Congress. The charges against Doss are dropped, and he and Dorothy are married.

text: Doss' unit is assigned to the 77th Infantry Division and deployed to the Pacific theater. During the Battle of Okinawa, Doss' unit is informed that they are to relieve the 96th Infantry Division, which was tasked with ascending and securing the Maeda Escarpment ("Hacksaw Ridge”). In the initial fight, both sides sustain heavy losses, and Doss successfully saves several wounded soldiers. The Americans camp for the night, which Doss spends in a foxhole with Smitty, a squadmate who was the first to call Doss a coward. Doss reveals that his aversion to holding a firearm stems from nearly shooting his drunken father, who threatened his mother with a gun. Smitty apologizes for doubting his courage and the two make amends.

text: The next morning, the Japanese launch a massive counterattack and drive the Americans off the escarpment. Smitty is killed, while Howell and several of Doss' squad mates are left injured on the battlefield. Doss hears the cries of dying soldiers and returns to save them, carrying wounded soldiers to the cliff's edge and belaying them down by rope, each time praying to save one more. The arrival of dozens of wounded once presumed dead comes as a shock to the rest of the unit below. When day breaks, Doss rescues Howell and the two finally escape Hacksaw under enemy fire.

text: Captain Glover tells Doss that the men have been inspired by his selflessness, and that they will not launch the next attack without him. Despite the next day being the Sabbath day, he joins his fellow soldiers after finishing his prayers. With reinforcements, they turn the tide of battle. During an ambush set by Japanese soldiers feigning surrender, Doss manages to save Glover and others by knocking away enemy grenades. Doss is eventually wounded by a grenade blast, but the battle is won. Doss descends the cliff, clutching the Bible Dorothy gave him.

text: The film switches to archival photos and footage showing that Doss was awarded the Medal of Honor by President Harry S. Truman for rescuing 75 soldiers at Hacksaw Ridge. Doss stayed married to Dorothy until her death in 1991. He died on March 23, 2006, at the age of 87.

text: Cast[edit]

text:
Andrew Garfield as Desmond Doss
Vince Vaughn as Sergeant Howell
Sam Worthington as Captain Jack Glover
Luke Bracey as Smitty Ryker
Hugo Weaving as Tom Doss, Desmond's father
Ryan Corr as Lieutenant Manville
Teresa Palmer as Dorothy Schutte, Desmond's wife
Rachel Griffiths as Bertha Doss, Desmond's mother
Richard Roxburgh as Colonel Stelzer
Luke Pegler as Milt "Hollywood" Zane
Richard Pyros as Randall "Teach" Fuller
Ben Mingay as Grease Nolan
Firass Dirani as Vito Rinnelli
Damien Thomlinson as Ralph Morgan
Matt Nable as Lt. Colonel Cooney
Robert Morgan as Colonel Sangston
Nathaniel Buzolic as Harold "Hal" Doss, Desmond's brother

tag: ul

text: Production[edit]

text: Development[edit]

text: Hacksaw Ridge was in development limbo for fourteen years.[10] Numerous producers had tried for decades to film Doss' story, including decorated war hero Audie Murphy and Hal B. Wallis.[11]

text: In 2001, after finally convincing Doss that making a movie on his remarkable life was the right thing to do, screenwriter/producer Gregory Crosby (grandson of Bing Crosby) wrote the treatment and brought the project to film producer David Permut, of Permut Presentations, through the early efforts of Stan Jensen of the Seventh-day Adventist Church, which ultimately led to the film being financed.[10]

text: In 2004, director Terry Benedict won the rights to make a documentary about Doss, The Conscientious Objector, and secured the dramatic film rights in the process. However, Doss died in 2006, after which producer Bill Mechanic acquired and then sold the rights to Walden Media, which developed the project along with producer David Permut.[12] Co-producers of the film are Gregory Crosby and Steve Longi.[13] Walden Media insisted on a PG-13 version of the battle, and Mechanic spent years working to buy the rights back.[11][14]

text: After acquiring the rights, Mechanic approached Mel Gibson, and wanted him to create a concoction of violence and faith, as he did with The Passion of the Christ (2004). Gibson turned down the offer twice, as he previously did with Braveheart (1995).[15] Nearly a decade later, Gibson finally agreed to direct, a decision announced in November 2014. The same month, Andrew Garfield was confirmed to play the role of Desmond Doss.[12]

text: With a budget of $40 million, the team still faced many challenges. Hacksaw Ridge became an international co-production, with key players and firms located in both the United States and Australia. When Australian tax incentives were taken off the table, the film had to qualify as Australian to receive government subsidies. Despite being American-born, Gibson's early years in Australia helped the film qualify, along with most of the cast being Australian, including Rachel Griffiths (Doss' mother), Teresa Palmer (Doss' wife), Sam Worthington (unit leader), Hugo Weaving (as Doss' father), Richard Roxburgh (as a colonel) and Luke Bracey (as Smitty, one of Doss' most antagonistic unit members). Rounding out the cast was American actor Vince Vaughn.[16]

text: On February 9, 2015, IM Global closed a deal to finance the film, and also sold the film into the international markets.[17] On the same day, Lionsgate acquired the North American distribution rights to the film.[18] Chinese distribution rights were acquired by Bliss Media, a Shanghai-based film production and distribution company.[19]

text: Hacksaw Ridge is the first film directed by Gibson since Apocalypto in 2006,[20][21] and marks a departure from his previous films, such as Apocalypto and Braveheart, in which the protagonists acted violently.[22]

text: Writing[edit]

text: Robert Schenkkan and Randall Wallace wrote the script, and Wallace was previously attached to direct the film. Andrew Knight polished the original script. Gibson's partner Bruce Davey also produced the film, along with Paul Currie.[23]

text: Casting[edit]

text: The cast – Andrew Garfield, Vince Vaughn, Sam Worthington, Luke Bracey, Teresa Palmer, Rachel Griffiths, Richard Roxburgh, Luke Pegler, Richard Pyros, Ben Mingay, Firass Dirani, Nico Cortez, Michael Sheasby, Goran Kleut, Jacob Warner, Harry Greenwood, Damien Thomlinson, Ben O’Toole, Benedict Hardie, Robert Morgan, Ori Pfeffer, Milo Gibson, and Nathaniel Buzolic, Hugo Weaving, and Ryan Corr – was announced between November 2014 and October 2015.[23][24][25][26][27] The younger Doss was played by Darcy Bryce.[28]

text: Garfield plays Desmond Doss, a US Army medic awarded the Medal of Honor by President Harry S. Truman for saving lives during the Battle of Okinawa in World War II.[12] Garfield had high regards for Doss, and venerated him for his act of bravery, hailing him as a "wonderful symbol of embodying the idea of live and let live no matter what your ideology is, no matter what your value system is, just to allow other people to be who they are and allow yourself to be who you are." He found the idea of playing a real superhero, as compared to his past roles playing Spider-Man in The Amazing Spider-Man and its sequel, much more inspiring.[29] Garfield admitted that he cried the first time he read the screenplay.[30] He visited Doss' hometown and touched his various tools.[31] Gibson was drawn to Garfield the first time he saw his performance in The Social Network.[22]

text: Palmer wanted a role in the film so badly that she auditioned via phone, and sent the recording to Gibson. She heard nothing back for three months, until Gibson called Palmer to tell her in a Skype chat that he had cast her in the role of Dorothy, Doss' wife.[32]

text: Principal photography[edit]

text: Principal photography started on September 29, 2015,[21] and lasted for 59 days,[33] ending in December of that year.[10] Filming took place entirely in Australia.[15] The film was based at Fox Studios in Sydney, after producers vigorously scouted for locations around the country.[34] Filming took place mostly in the state of New South Wales — where Gibson spent much of his early years — in and around Sydney such as in Richmond,[35] Bringelly,[36] and Oran Park.[37] Gibson moved to the state in July 2015, two months before filming began.[38] The graveyard scene was shot at a set-constructed cemetery in Sydney's Centennial Park.[39] The grounds of Newington Armory at Sydney Olympic Park were used as Fort Jackson. Filming in Bringelly required the team to clear and deforest over 500 hectares of land, which evoked the ire of some environmentalists. However, the producers had complete approval and clearance to do so. Also conditions were imposed to replant and rehabilitate part of the land after filming ceased.[40] According to Troy Grant, New South Wales' deputy premier and minister for the arts, the film brought 720 jobs and US$19 million to regional and rural New South Wales.[41]

text: Altogether, three jeeps, two trucks and a tank were featured in the film.[15] Bulldozers and backhoes were used to transform a dairy pasture near Sydney to re-create the Okinawa battlefield. A berm had to be raised around the perimeter so cameras could turn 360 degrees without getting any eucalyptus trees in the background.[15] Gibson did not want to rely heavily on computer visual effects, either on the screen or in pre-visualizing the battle scenes. Visual effects were used only during bloody scenes, like napalm-burnt soldiers.[15] During filming of the war scenes, Gibson incorporated his past war-movie experiences, and would yell to the actors, reminding them constantly of what they were fighting for.[15]

text: Post-production[edit]

text: Kevin O'Connell, who won his first Academy Award for sound mixing in this film, stated that budget constraints forced him to utilize archival sounds of WWII-era weapons.[42]

text: Themes[edit]

text: The film has been described as an anti-war film,[43] with pacifist themes.[15] It also incorporates recurring religious imagery, such as baptism and ascension.[3]

text: Historical accuracy[edit]

text: After the war, Doss turned down many requests for books and film versions of his actions, because he was wary of whether his life, wartime experiences, and Seventh-day Adventist beliefs would be portrayed inaccurately or sensationally. Doss' only child, Desmond Doss Jr., stated: "The reason he declined is that none of them adhered to his one requirement: that it be accurate. And I find it remarkable, the level of accuracy in adhering to the principal of the story in this movie."[44] Producer David Permut stated that the filmmakers took great care in maintaining the integrity of the story, since Doss was very religious.[3]

text: However, the filmmakers did change some details, notably the backstory about his father, the incident with the gun Doss took out of his alcoholic father's hands, and the circumstances of his first marriage.[44][45] The character of Smitty, portrayed by Luke Bracey, is an amalgamation of various soldiers who tormented Doss and was created for narrative reasons.[46] Other changes to the story occur near the end of the movie when Doss is placed on a stretcher. In real life, Doss had another wounded man take his place on the stretcher. After treating the soldier, a sniper shot fractured Doss' arm and he crawled to safety after being left alone for five hours.[47] Gibson omitted this from the film because he felt that the audience would not find the scene believable.[48] The film also omits his prior combat service in the Battle of Guam and Battle of Leyte (Doss was awarded the Bronze Star Medal for extraordinary bravery in both battles),[49] and leaves the impression that Doss' actions at Okinawa took place over a period of a few days, though his Medal of Honor citation covered his actions over a period of about three weeks (April 29 to May 21).[44][50]

text: Music[edit]

text:
Hacksaw Ridge: Original Motion Picture Soundtrack

Soundtrack album by Rupert Gregson-Williams

Released
November 4, 2016 (2016-11-04)

Recorded
2016

Studio
Abbey Road Studios

Genre
Film score

Length
53:56

Label
Varèse Sarabande

Producer
Rupert Gregson-Williams

Rupert Gregson-Williams chronology

The Legend of Tarzan: Original Motion Picture Soundtrack
(2016)
Hacksaw Ridge: Original Motion Picture Soundtrack
(2016)
Sandy Wexler: Original Motion Picture Soundtrack
(2017)

text: James Horner was originally approached to compose the score for the film but was replaced by John Debney after Horner's untimely death in 2015.[51] Debney was himself replaced by Rupert Gregson-Williams after his score was rejected before Hacksaw Ridge was set to premiere at the Venice Film Festival.[52] When composing the music Gregson-Williams commented: "The soundtrack is really in two parts. A lovely romance blossoms as Desmond discovers both the love of his life and his faith. The second half of the movie is brutal...We wanted to reflect his spirituality without being pious, and his bravery without celebrating violence."[53] The film's accompanying score was recorded at Abbey Road Studios in London, with an orchestra of 70 musicians and a 36-voice choir conducted by Cliff Masterson.[54]

text: All tracks written by Rupert Gregson-Williams.

text:
Track listing

No.
Title
Length

1.
"Okinawa Battlefield"
3:59

2.
"I Could Have Killed Him"
2:20

3.
"A Calling"
2:42

4.
"Pretty Corny"
1:44

5.
"Climbing for a Kiss"
3:47

6.
"Throw Hell at Him"
1:58

7.
"Sleep"
2:18

8.
"Dorothy Pleads"
3:17

9.
"Hacksaw Ridge"
4:20

10.
"Japanese Retake the Ridge"
4:36

11.
"I Can't Hear You"
2:54

12.
"One Man at a Time"
2:30

13.
"Rescue Continues"
3:46

14.
"A Miraculous Return"
2:50

15.
"Praying"
5:49

16.
"Historical Footage"
4:59

Total length:
53:56

text: Release[edit]

text: The world premiere of Hacksaw Ridge occurred on September 4, 2016,[55] at the 73rd Venice Film Festival, where it received a 10-minute standing ovation.[56] The film was released in Australia on November 3, 2016, by Icon Film Distribution, and in the United States on November 4, 2016, by Lionsgate/Summit Entertainment.[57][58] It was released by Bliss Media in China in November,[59][60] and in the United Kingdom in 2017,[61] with IM Global handling international sales.[21]

text: Marketing[edit]

text: This section needs expansion. You can help by adding to it. (December 2017)

text: In August 2016, Gibson appeared at Pastor Greg Laurie's SoCal Harvest in Anaheim, California, to promote the film.[62]

text: Reception[edit]

text: Box office[edit]

text: Hacksaw Ridge grossed $67.1 million in the United States and Canada and $108.2 million in other countries for a worldwide total of $175.3 million, against a production budget of $40 million.[5]

text: The film opened alongside Doctor Strange and Trolls, and was projected to gross around $12 million from 2,886 theaters. It was expected to play very well among faith-based, Midwest, and Southern audiences.[63][64] It made $5.2 million on its first day and $15.2 million in its opening weekend, finishing third at the box office behind Doctor Strange and Trolls. The debut was on par with the $15 million opening of Gibson's last directorial effort, Apocalypto, in 2006.[65] In its second weekend, the film grossed $10.8 million (a drop of just 29.1%), finishing 5th at the box office.

text: The film also opened successfully in China, grossing over $16 million in its first four days at the box office.[66]

text: Critical response[edit]

text: On review aggregator Rotten Tomatoes, the film has an approval rating of 86% based on 244 reviews, with an average rating of 7.2/10. The site's critical consensus reads, "Hacksaw Ridge uses a real-life pacifist's legacy to lay the groundwork for a gripping wartime tribute to faith, valor, and the courage of remaining true to one's convictions."[67] On Metacritic, the film has a weighted average score of 71 out of 100, based on 47 critics, indicating "generally favorable reviews".[68] Audiences polled by CinemaScore gave an average grade of "A" on an A+ to F scale.[69]

text: The Milford Daily News called the film a "masterpiece", adding that it "is going to end up on many 2016 Top 10 lists, that should get Oscar nominations for Best Actor, Best Director and Best Picture."[70] Maggie Stancu of Movie Pilot wrote that "Gibson made some of his most genius directing choices in Hacksaw Ridge, and Garfield has given his best performance yet. With amazing performances by Vince Vaughn, Teresa Palmer, Sam Worthington and Hugo Weaving, it is absolutely one of 2016's must-see films."[71] Mick LaSalle of SFGate called the film "a brilliant return for Mel Gibson, which confirms his position as a director with a singular talent for spectacle and a sure way with actors."[72] In The Film Lawyers, Samar Khan called Hacksaw Ridge "fantastic," and emphasised "just how wonderful it is to have Gibson back in a more prominent position in Hollywood, hopefully with the demons of his past behind him. If Hacksaw Ridge is any indication, we are poised for a future filled with great films from the visionary director."[73] The Daily Telegraph awarded four stars, and added: "Hacksaw Ridge is a fantastically moving and bruising war film that hits you like a raw topside of beef in the face – a kind of primary-coloured Guernica that flourishes on a big screen with a crowd.”[74]

text: The Guardian also awarded the film four stars, and stated that Gibson had "absolutely hit Hacksaw Ridge out of the park."[75] The Australian's reviewer was equally positive, stating that, as a director, "Gibson’s approach is bold and fearless; this represents his best work to date behind the camera."[76] Rex Reed of Observer rated it with four stars, and called it "the best war film since Saving Private Ryan... [I]t is violent, harrowing, heartbreaking and unforgettable. And yes, it was directed by Mel Gibson. He deserves a medal, too"[77] Michael Smith of Tulsa World called Hacksaw Ridge a "moving character study" and praised both the direction and acting: "It’s truly remarkable how Gibson can film scenes of such heartfelt emotion with such sweet subtlety as easily as he stages some of the most vicious, visual scenes of violence that you will ever see. ... Hacksaw Ridge is beautiful and brutal, and that’s a potent combination for a movie about a man determined to serve his country, as well as his soul."[78] IGN critic Alex Welch gave a score of 8/10, praising it as "one of the most successful war films of recent memory," and "at times horrifying, inspiring, and heart-wrenching."[79] Mike Ryan of Uproxx gave the film a positive review, praising Gibson's direction and saying, "There are two moments during the second half of Mel Gibson's Hacksaw Ridge when I literally jumped out of my seat in terror. The film's depiction of war is the best I’ve seen since Saving Private Ryan."[80] Peter Travers of Rolling Stone gave the film 3.5 stars, writing, "Thanks to some of the greatest battle scenes ever filmed, Gibson once again shows his staggering gifts as a filmmaker, able to juxtapose savagery with aching tenderness."[81] In contrast, Matt Zoller Seitz for RogerEbert.com gave the film 2.5 stars, and described the film as "a movie at war with itself."[82]

text: Accolades[edit]

text: Hacksaw Ridge won Best Film Editing and Best Sound Mixing and was nominated for Best Picture, Best Director, Best Actor for Garfield and Best Sound Editing at the Academy Awards.[83] The film won Best Editing and was nominated for Best Actor in a Leading Role for Garfield, Best Adapted Screenplay, Best Sound and Best Makeup and Hair at the British Academy Film Awards.[84] The film won Best Action Movie and Best Actor in an Action Movie for Garfield and was nominated for Best Picture, Best Director, Best Actor for Garfield, Best Editing and Best Hair and Makeup at the Critics' Choice Awards.[85] The film received three nominations at the Golden Globe Awards, including Best Motion Picture – Drama, Best Actor – Motion Picture Drama for Garfield and Best Director.[9] The film won Best Actor for Garfield, Best Film Editing and Best Sound and was nominated for Best Film, Best Director, Best Adapted Screenplay, Best Cinematography, Best Original Score and Best Art Direction and Production Design at the Satellite Awards.[86]


document_title: India at the Olympics

question_text: india participated olympic hockey for the first time

text: India at the Olympics

text: History[edit]

text: Early history[edit]

text: India sent its first athlete to the Summer Olympics for the 1900 Games, but an Indian national team did not compete at the Summer Olympics until 1920. Ahead of the 1920 Games, Sir Dorabji Tata and Governor of Bombay George Lloyd helped India secure representation at the International Olympic Council, enabling it to participate in the Games (see India at the 1920 Olympic Games). India then sent a team to the 1920 Olympics, comprising four athletes, two wrestlers, and managers Sohrab Bhoot and A. H. A. Fyzee. The Indian Olympic movement was then established during the 1920s: some founders of this movement were Dorabji Tata, A.G. Noehren (Madras College of Physical Education), H.C. Buck (Madras College of Physical Education), Moinul Haq (Bihar sports associations), S. Bhoot (Bombay Olympic Association), A.S. Bhagwat (Deccan Gymkhana), and Guru Dutt Sondhi (Punjab Olympic Association); Lt.Col H.L.O. Garrett (from the Government College Lahore and Punjab Olympic Association) and Sagnik Poddar (of St. Stephen's School) helped organise some early national games; and prominent patrons included Maharajas and royal princes Bhupinder Singh of Patiala, Ranjitsinhji of Nawanagar, the Maharaja of Kapurthala, and the Maharaja of Burdwan.

text: In 1923, a provisional All India Olympic Committee was formed, and in February 1924, the All India Olympic Games (that later became the National Games of India) were held to select a team for the Paris Summer Olympics. The Indian delegation at the Paris Olympics comprised seven athletes, seven tennis players and team manager Harry Buck.

text: In 1927, the provisional Indian Olympic Committee formally became the Indian Olympic Association (IOA); its main tasks were to promote the development of sports in India, choose host cities for the national games, and send teams selected from the national games to the Summer Olympics. Thus, at the 1928 national games, it selected seven athletes to represent India at the next Summer Olympics, with Sondhi as manager. By this time, the Indian Hockey Federation (IHF) had also been established and it sent a hockey team to the Summer Olympics. The national hockey team and additional sportspersons were similarly sent to the 1932 Games (four athletes and one swimmer) and 1936 (four athletes, three wrestlers, one Burmese weight-lifter), along with three officials headed by team manager Sondhi.

text: From 1948 onward, because of the IOA's wider outreach, India began sending delegations of over 50 sportspersons representing several sport, each selected by its sports federation, to the Summer Olympics. The delegation was headed by a chef-de-mission.

text: Thus, India's Summer Olympic delegation in the early Olympic Games was as follows:

text:
1900: One athlete
1920: 6 competitors (four athletes, two wrestlers) and managers Bhoot and Fyzee
1924: 14 competitors (seven athletes, seven tennis players) and manager Harry Crowe Buck
1928: 21 competitors (seven athletes and a hockey team of 14) and manager G D Sondhi
1932: 20 competitors (four athletes, one swimmer, and a hockey team of 15) and three officials headed by manager G D Sondhi
1936: 27 competitors (four athletes, three wrestlers, one Burmese weight-lifter, and a hockey team of 19) and three officials including manager G D Sondhi
1948: 79 competitors and a few officials headed by chef-de-mission Moin ul Haq
1952: 64 competitors and some officials headed by chef-de-mission Moin ul Haq

text: Recent history[edit]

text: At the 2008 Beijing Olympics, Abhinav Bindra won gold in the Men's 10 metre air rifle event becoming the first Indian to win an individual gold medal at the Olympic Games. Vijender Singh got the country's first medal in boxing with his bronze medal in Middleweight category.

text: The 2012 Summer Olympics saw an 83-member Indian contingent participating in the games and setting a new best for the country with a total of six medals. Wrestler Sushil Kumar became the first Indian with multiple individual Olympic medals (bronze at the 2008 Beijing Olympics and silver at the 2012 Summer Olympics) since Norman Pritchard in 1900. Saina Nehwal won bronze medal in badminton in Women's singles getting the country's first Olympic medal in badminton. Pugilist Mary Kom became the first Indian woman to win a medal in boxing with her bronze medal finish in Women's flyweight category.

text: At the 2016 Summer Olympics, a record number of 118 athletes competed. Sakshi Malik became the first Indian woman wrestler to win an Olympic medal with her bronze medal finish in Women's freestyle 58 kg category. Shuttler P. V. Sindhu became the first Indian woman to win a silver medal in Olympics and also the youngest Indian Olympic medallist.

text: List of competitors[edit]

text: This list provides a comparative compendium of all the participants/competitors of India in the summer Olympic games.

text:
Games
Sports
Men
Women
Total
Change
01 ! Gold
02 ! Silver
03 ! Bronze
Total
Change

1900
1
1
0
1
NA
0
2
0
2
NA

1920
2
6
0
6
+5
0
0
0
0
−2

1924
2
13
2
15
+8
0
0
0
0
0

1928
2
21
0
21
+7
1
0
0
1
+1

1932
3
30
0
30
+9
1
0
0
1
0

1936
3–4
27
0
27
−3
1
0
0
1
0

1948
10
79
0
79
+52
1
0
0
1
0

1952
11
60
4
64
−15
1
0
1
2
+1

1956
8
58
1
59
−5
1
0
0
1
−1

1960
6
45
0
45
−14
0
1
0
1
0

1964
8
52
1
53
+8
1
0
0
1
0

1968
5
25
0
25
−28
0
0
1
1
0

1972
7
40
1
41
+16
0
0
1
1
0

1976
2
20
0
20
−21
0
0
0
0
−1

1980
1
58
18
76
+56
1
0
0
1
+1

1984

48
−28
0
0
0
0
−1

1988
7

46
−2
0
0
0
0
0

1992
5

53
+7
0
0
0
0
0

1996
13
44
4
49
−4
0
0
1
1
+1

2000
7

65
+16
0
0
1
1
0

2004
14
48
25
73
+8
0
1
0
1
0

2008
12
31
25
56
−17
1
0
2
3
+2

2012
13
60
23
83
+27
0
2
4
6
+3

2016
15
66
54
118
+35
0
1
1
2
−4

text: This list provides a comparative compendium of all the participants/competitors of India in the winter Olympic games.

text:
Games
Sports
Men
Women
Total
Change
01 ! Gold
02 ! Silver
03 ! Bronze
Total
Change

1964
1
1
0
1
NA
0
0
0
0
NA

1968
1
1
0
1
0
0
0
0
0
0

1988
1
2
1
3
+2
0
0
0
0
0

1992
1
2
0
2
−1
0
0
0
0
0

1998
1
1
0
1
−1
0
0
0
0
0

2002
1
1
0
1
0
0
0
0
0
0

2006
3
3
1
4
+3
0
0
0
0
0

2010
3
3
0
3
−1
0
0
0
0
0

2014
3
3
0
3
0
0
0
0
0
0

2018
2
2
0
2
−1
0
0
0
0
0

text: Medal tables[edit]

text: Red colour indicates the best performance.

text: Medals by Summer Games[edit]

text:
Games
01 ! Gold
02 ! Silver
03 ! Bronze
Total
Rank

 1896 Athens
did not participate

 1900 Paris
0
2
0
2[1]
17

 1904 St. Louis
did not participate

 1908 London

 1912 Stockholm

 1920 Antwerp
0
0
0
0
-

 1924 Paris
0
0
0
0
-

 1928 Amsterdam
1
0
0
1[2]
23

 1932 Los Angeles
1
0
0
1[3]
19

 1936 Berlin
1
0
0
1[4]
20

 1948 London
1
0
0
1[5]
22

 1952 Helsinki
1
0
1
2[5]
26

 1956 Melbourne
1
0
0
1[5]
24

 1960 Rome
0
1
0
1[6]
32

 1964 Tokyo
1
0
0
1[7]
24

 1968 Mexico City
0
0
1
1[8]
42

 1972 Munich
0
0
1
1[9]
43

 1976 Montreal
0
0
0
0
-

 1980 Moscow
1
0
0
1[10]
23

 1984 Los Angeles
0
0
0
0
-

 1988 Seoul
0
0
0
0
-

 1992 Barcelona
0
0
0
0
-

 1996 Atlanta
0
0
1
1[11]
71

 2000 Sydney
0
0
1
1[12]
71

 2004 Athens
0
1
0
1[13]
65

 2008 Beijing
1
0
2
3[13]
50

 2012 London
0
2
4
6[13]
55

 2016 Rio de Janeiro
0
1[14]
1[15]
2[16]
67

Total
9
7
12
28

text: Medals by sport[edit]

text:
Sport
01 ! Gold
02 ! Silver
03 ! Bronze
Total
Rank

 Field hockey
8
1
2
11
1

 Shooting
1
2
1
4
34

 Athletics
0
2
0
2
71

 Wrestling
0
1
4
5
43

 Badminton
0
1
1
2
9

 Boxing
0
0
2
2
64

 Tennis
0
0
1
1
30

 Weightlifting
0
0
1
1

56

Total
9
7
12
28

text: List of medalists[edit]

text:
Medal
Name/Team
Games
Sport
Event

02 ! Silver
Pritchard, NormanNorman Pritchard[1][17]
 1900 Paris
Athletics
Men's 200 metres

02 ! Silver
Pritchard, NormanNorman Pritchard[1][17]
 1900 Paris
Athletics
Men's 200 metre hurdles

01 ! Gold
National team[2]
 1928 Amsterdam
Field hockey
Men's competition

01 ! Gold
National team[3]
 1932 Los Angeles
Field hockey
Men's competition

01 ! Gold
National team[4]
 1936 Berlin
Field hockey
Men's competition

01 ! Gold
National team[5]
 1948 London
Field hockey
Men's competition

01 ! Gold
National team[5]
 1952 Helsinki
Field hockey
Men's competition

03 ! Bronze
Jadhav, Khashaba DadasahebKhashaba Dadasaheb Jadhav[5]
 1952 Helsinki
Wrestling
Men's freestyle bantamweight

01 ! Gold
National team[5]
 1956 Melbourne
Field hockey
Men's competition

02 ! Silver
National team[6]
 1960 Rome
Field hockey
Men's competition

01 ! Gold
National team[7]
 1964 Tokyo
Field hockey
Men's competition

03 ! Bronze
National team[8]
 1968 Mexico City
Field hockey
Men's competition

03 ! Bronze
National team[9]
 1972 Munich
Field hockey
Men's competition

01 ! Gold
National team[10]
 1980 Moscow
Field hockey
Men's competition

03 ! Bronze
Paes, LeanderLeander Paes[11]
 1996 Atlanta
Tennis
Men's singles

03 ! Bronze
Malleswari, KarnamKarnam Malleswari[12]
 2000 Sydney
Weightlifting
Women's 69 kg

02 ! Silver
Rathore, Rajyavardhan SinghRajyavardhan Singh Rathore[13]
 2004 Athens
Shooting
Men's double trap

01 ! Gold
Bindra, AbhinavAbhinav Bindra[13]
 2008 Beijing
Shooting
Men's 10 m Air Rifle

03 ! Bronze
Singh, VijenderVijender Singh[13]
 2008 Beijing
Boxing
Middleweight

03 ! Bronze
Kumar, SushilSushil Kumar[13]
 2008 Beijing
Wrestling
Men's freestyle 66 kg

02 ! Silver
Vijay Kumar[13]
 2012 London
Shooting
Men's 25 Rapid Fire Pistol

02 ! Silver
Kumar, SushilSushil Kumar[13]
 2012 London
Wrestling
Men's freestyle 66 kg

03 ! Bronze
Saina Nehwal[13]
 2012 London
Badminton
Women's singles

03 ! Bronze
Mary Kom[13]
 2012 London
 Boxing
Women's flyweight

03 ! Bronze
Narang, GaganGagan Narang[13]
 2012 London
Shooting
Men's 10m Air Rifle

03 ! Bronze
Yogeshwar Dutt[13]
 2012 London
Wrestling
Men's freestyle 60 kg

02 ! Silver
P. V. Sindhu[14]
 2016 Rio de Janeiro
Badminton
Women's singles

03 ! Bronze
Sakshi Malik[15]
 2016 Rio de Janeiro
Wrestling
Women's freestyle 58 kg


document_title: List of FIFA World Cup finals

question_text: where was the last world cup held and who won

text: List of FIFA World Cup finals

text: List of finals[edit]

text:
Key to the list of finals

Match was won during extra time

Match was won on a penalty shoot-out

text: The "Year" column refers to the year the World Cup was held, and wikilinks to the article about that tournament. The wikilinks in the "Final score" column point to the article about that tournament's final game. Links in the "Winners" and "Runners-up" columns point to the articles for the national football teams of the countries, not the articles for the countries.

text:
List of finals matches, their venues and locations, the finalists, and final scores

Year
Winners
Final score[3]
Runners-up
Venue
Location
Attendance
References

1930
Uruguay
4–2
 Argentina
Estadio Centenario
Uruguay, Montevideo !Montevideo, Uruguay
80,000
[9][10]

1934
Italy
  2–1
[n 3]
 Czechoslovakia
Stadio Nazionale PNF
Italy, Rome !Rome, Italy
50,000
[11][12]

1938
Italy
4–2
 Hungary
Stade Olympique de Colombes
France, Paris !Paris, France
45,000
[13][14]

1950*
Uruguay
2–1
[n 4]
 Brazil
Estádio do Maracanã
Brazil, Rio de Janeiro !Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
199,854[15]
[16][17]

1954
West Germany
3–2
 Hungary
Wankdorf Stadium
Switzerland, Bern !Bern, Switzerland
60,000
[18][19]

1958
Brazil
5–2
 Sweden
Råsunda Stadium
Sweden, Solna !Solna, Sweden
51,800
[20][21]

1962
Brazil
3–1
 Czechoslovakia
Estadio Nacional
Chile, Santiago !Santiago, Chile
69,000
[22][23]

1966
England
  4–2
[n 5]
 West Germany
Wembley Stadium
England, London !London, England
93,000
[24][25]

1970
Brazil
4–1
 Italy
Estadio Azteca
Mexico, Mexico City !Mexico City, Mexico
107,412
[26][27]

1974
West Germany
2–1
 Netherlands
Olympiastadion
West Germany, Munich !Munich, West Germany
75,200
[28][29]

1978
Argentina
  3–1
[n 6]
 Netherlands
Estadio Monumental
Argentina, Buenos Aires !Buenos Aires, Argentina
71,483
[30][31]

1982
Italy
3–1
 West Germany
Santiago Bernabéu
Spain, Madrid !Madrid, Spain
90,000
[32][33]

1986
Argentina
3–2
 West Germany
Estadio Azteca
Mexico, Mexico City !Mexico City, Mexico
114,600
[34][35]

1990
West Germany
1–0
 Argentina
Stadio Olimpico
Italy, Rome !Rome, Italy
73,603
[36][37]

1994
Brazil
  0–0
[n 7]
 Italy
Rose Bowl
United States, Pasadena, California !Pasadena (Los Angeles),
California, United States
94,194
[38][39]

1998
France
3–0
 Brazil
Stade de France
France, Saint-Denis !Saint-Denis (Paris), France
80,000
[40][41]

2002
Brazil
2–0
 Germany
International Stadium Yokohama
Japan, Yokohama !Yokohama, Japan
69,029
[42][43]

2006
Italy
  1–1
[n 8]
 France
Olympiastadion
Germany, Berlin !Berlin, Germany
69,000
[44][45]

2010
Spain
  1–0
[n 9]
 Netherlands
Soccer City
South Africa, Johannesburg !Johannesburg, South Africa
84,490
[46][47]

2014
Germany
  1–0
[n 10]
 Argentina
Estádio do Maracanã
Brasil, Rio de Janeiro !Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
74,738
[48][49]

text: The asterisk notes that the 1950 FIFA World Cup did not have a final, rather, the tournament was decided by a 4-team round robin phase. The last match of the phase, between Brazil and Uruguay determined first and second places.

text: Results by nation[edit]

text:
National team
Wins
Runners-up
Total finals
Years won
Years runners-up

 Brazil
5
2
7
1958, 1962, 1970, 1994, 2002
1950, 1998

 Germany
4
4
8
1954, 1974, 1990, 2014
1966, 1982, 1986, 2002

 Italy
4
2
6
1934, 1938, 1982, 2006
1970, 1994

 Argentina
2
3
5
1978, 1986
1930, 1990, 2014

 Uruguay
2
0
2
1930, 1950
–

 France
1
1
2
1998
2006

 England
1
0
1
1966
–

 Spain
1
0
1
2010
–

 Netherlands
0
3
3
–
1974, 1978, 2010

 Czechoslovakia
0
2
2
–
1934, 1962

 Hungary
0
2
2
–
1938, 1954

 Sweden
0
1
1
–
1958

text: Results by confederation[edit]

text:
Confederation
Appearances
Winners
Runners-up

UEFA
26
11
15

CONMEBOL
14
9
5

text: Footnotes[edit]

text:
Jump up ^ This follows FIFA's consideration that the national teams of West Germany/Germany, Czechoslovakia/Czech Republic, Yugoslavia/Serbia and Montenegro/Serbia, and USSR/Russia are combined respectively for record-keeping.[4]
Jump up ^ Technically the 1958 final was also between two first timers, but Brazil's 1950 group game defeat is generally counted as a previous "final" appearance for the team.
Jump up ^ Score was 1–1 after 90 minutes.[11][12]
Jump up ^ Not the final but the decisive match of the final group stage.
Jump up ^ Score was 2–2 after 90 minutes.[24][25]
Jump up ^ Score was 1–1 after 90 minutes.[30][31]
Jump up ^ Score was 0–0 after 120 minutes. Brazil won 3–2 on penalties.[38][39]
Jump up ^ Score was 1–1 after 120 minutes. Italy won 5–3 on penalties.[44][45]
Jump up ^ Score was 0–0 after 90 minutes.[46][47]
Jump up ^ Score was 0–0 after 90 minutes.[48][49]

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