question_text: who dies in the beginning of deathly hallows part 1

text: Plot[edit]

text: Minister of Magic Rufus Scrimgeour addresses the wizarding media, and states that the Ministry will remain strong, even as Lord Voldemort gains strength. The Death Eaters have made major gains after Dumbledore's death, committing mass killings of Muggles and infiltrating the Ministry itself. Harry, Ron, and Hermione set out to complete the mission Dumbledore gave Harry by hunting down and destroying Voldemort's Horcruxes. Meanwhile, Severus Snape informs Lord Voldemort and the Death Eaters of Harry's impending departure from Privet Drive. Voldemort commandeers Lucius Malfoy's wand, as Voldemort's own wand cannot be used to kill Harry because they share the same core.

text: The Order of the Phoenix gather and escort Harry to safety, using Polyjuice Potion to create decoy Harrys for the trip. During their flight they all are ambushed by Death Eaters who kill Mad-Eye Moody and Hedwig, injure George Weasley, and knock out Hagrid. After arriving at the Burrow, Harry has a vision of the wand-maker Ollivander being tortured by Voldemort. The next day Scrimgeour arrives at the Burrow with Albus Dumbledore's will and distributes three items to Ron, Hermione, and Harry. Ron receives Dumbledore's Deluminator, Hermione receives a copy of The Tales of Beedle the Bard, and Harry receives the first Golden Snitch that he ever caught in a Quidditch match. Scrimgeour reveals that Harry was also bequeathed the Sword of Godric Gryffindor. The minister tells Harry that the sword was not Dumbledore's to bequeath, and in any case is missing.

text: The Death Eaters kill Scrimgeour and replace him with Pius Thicknesse. The Ministry begins arresting and persecuting Muggle-born witches and wizards. Before the wedding of Bill Weasley and Fleur Delacour, Harry Potter and Ginny Weasley kiss passionately until George interrupts them. At Bill and Fleur's wedding, however, Death Eaters attack. Kingsley Shacklebolt's patronus charm forewarns the wedding party, and most escape. Harry, Hermione, and Ron disapparate to London, where they are attacked in a diner by Death Eaters. The trio are forced to seek refuge at 12 Grimmauld Place. While there, they discover that the "R.A.B." from the fake Horcrux locket is Regulus Arcturus Black, the younger brother of Sirius Black. Kreacher, the Black's house elf, tells them that Mundungus Fletcher broke in and stole many items from the house including the real locket. Kreacher and Dobby apprehend Fletcher, who reveals that the locket is in the possession of Dolores Umbridge. Using Polyjuice Potion, the trio infiltrate the Ministry and find the locket around Umbridge's neck. Harry stuns Umbridge and Hermione retrieves the locket. The trio escape from their pursuers by apparating in the wilderness but Ron is injured and cannot apparate again until he recovers.

text: After several unsuccessful attempts to destroy the Horcrux, the trio take turns wearing it to dilute its power. Harry sees a vision of Voldemort interrogating and killing the wand-maker Gregorovitch, who claims that a teenage boy had once stolen the legendary Elder Wand from his shop. While Ron is wearing the locket, he is overcome by negative feelings and argues with Harry before leaving him and Hermione behind. Hermione deduces that the sword of Gryffindor can destroy Horcruxes and decides with Harry to go to Godric's Hollow. They visit Harry's parents' graves and the house where they were killed. They encounter Bathilda Bagshot, who they believe may have the sword. Bathilda lets Harry and Hermione into her house, and is revealed to actually be Nagini, controlling Bathilda's reanimated corpse from inside of her. Hermione and Harry escape into the Forest of Dean, but Hermione accidentally breaks Harry's wand whilst fighting Nagini. Hermione is then able to identify the mysterious thief seen in Harry's vision as Gellert Grindelwald.

text: That evening Harry sees a Patronus in the form of a doe, which leads him to a frozen pond. Gryffindor's sword lies beneath the pond's ice, which Harry breaks and jumps in to retrieve it. The locket around his neck attempts to strangle him, but Ron arrives just in time to rescue Harry. Harry uses parseltongue to open the locket, and Ron destroys the Horcrux with the sword. Hermione and Ron reconcile, and the trio decide to go and visit Xenophilius Lovegood to learn more about a symbol drawn in the book Dumbledore left Hermione. Lovegood explains to them that the symbol represents the Deathly Hallows, three magical objects that when combined make a wizard master of Death. Hermione reads the story of the Hallows from her book, and after some awkward conversation the trio try to leave but are stopped by Lovegood. He explains that Luna has been kidnapped before betraying them and summoning the Death Eaters. Harry, Ron, and Hermione disapparate as Lovegood's house is destroyed.

text: Arriving back in the wilderness, the trio sets up camp when Snatchers find and chase them down. Hermione strikes Harry with a curse to disguise his features as the Snatchers take them all to Malfoy Manor. Bellatrix Lestrange imprisons Harry and Ron in the cellar with Luna, Ollivander, and Griphook the goblin. Bellatrix then tortures Hermione for information on how they got the sword of Gryffindor, which Bellatrix claims was in her vault at Gringott's. Harry requests help, communicating with a piece of broken mirror in his possession. Dobby apparates into the cellar to save them. Harry and Ron rush to save Hermione, and a battle ensues that sees Harry disarm Draco Malfoy. Dobby drops a chandelier above Bellatrix, forcing her to release Hermione. Bellatrix throws her knife at them as Dobby grabs everyone and disapparates. They arrive at Shell Cottage and find that Bellatrix's knife has fatally wounded Dobby. Harry insists that they bury Dobby properly without any magic, which they all agree to do.

text: In the final scene, Voldemort breaks into Dumbledore's tomb and steals the Elder Wand.

text: Cast[edit]

text:
Daniel Radcliffe as Harry Potter
Rupert Grint as Ron Weasley, one of Harry's best friends.
Emma Watson as Hermione Granger, one of Harry's best friends.
Helena Bonham Carter as Bellatrix Lestrange, a Death Eater and Sirius Black's cousin and murderer.
Robbie Coltrane as Rubeus Hagrid, Harry's half-giant friend, and gamekeeper at Hogwarts.
Warwick Davis as Griphook, a goblin and former employee at Gringotts Bank. Davis replaced Verne Troyer, who portrayed the character physically in the first film, though Davis had dubbed Griphook's lines.
Tom Felton as Draco Malfoy, a Death Eater and son of Lucius and Narcissa Malfoy.
Ralph Fiennes as Lord Voldemort, an evil, power-hungry wizard, and the leader of the Death Eaters.
Michael Gambon as Albus Dumbledore, former headmaster of Hogwarts killed by Severus Snape in the previous film.
Brendan Gleeson as Alastor 'Mad-Eye' Moody, a member of the Order of the Phoenix.
Richard Griffiths as Vernon Dursley, Harry's Muggle uncle.
John Hurt as Garrick Ollivander, a wandmaker abducted by the Death Eaters.
Rhys Ifans as Xenophilius Lovegood, the eccentric father of the trio's friend Luna.
Jason Isaacs as Lucius Malfoy, Draco Malfoy's father and a disgraced Death Eater.
Bill Nighy as Rufus Scrimgeour, the new Minister of Magic.
Alan Rickman as Severus Snape, a double agent to the Death Eaters and the new headmaster of Hogwarts.
Fiona Shaw as Petunia Dursley, Harry's Muggle aunt.
Timothy Spall as Peter Pettigrew, the Death Eater who betrayed Harry's parents to Voldemort.
Imelda Staunton as Dolores Umbridge, Senior Undersecretary to the Minister and Head of the Muggle-born Registration Commission.
David Thewlis as Remus Lupin, a member of the Order of the Phoenix and a former teacher at Hogwarts.
Julie Walters as Molly Weasley, the Weasley matriarch and a mother figure to Harry.

text: Production[edit]

text: Part 1 was filmed back-to-back with Harry Potter and the Deathly Hallows – Part 2 from 19 February 2009 to 12 June 2010.[14][15] Director David Yates, who shot the film alongside director of photography Eduardo Serra, described Part 1 as "quite real"; a "road movie" that's "almost like a vérité documentary".[16][17]

text: Originally set for a single theatrical release, the idea to split the book into two parts was suggested by executive producer Lionel Wigram due to what David Heyman called "creative imperative". Heyman initially responded negatively to the idea, but Wigram asked, “No, David. How are we going to do it?”. After rereading the book and discussing it with screenwriter Steve Kloves, he agreed with the division.[18]

text: The production filmed at Dartford Crossing for the dramatic chase where Hagrid and Harry are being ambushed by Death Eaters.[19]

text: Sets[edit]

text: Stuart Craig, set designer for all of the previous Harry Potter films, returned for the final two parts. He said, "We made a very different kind of film, which was shot a great deal on location. We travelled quite far, we built sets, and they spend a lot of time in a forest," he explained. "We built forest sets and integrated them into the real forests, so there were challenges there, as you might imagine."[20] Craig was ultimately nominated for an Academy Award for his work on Part 1.[21]

text: On the wedding tent for Bill and Fleur's wedding in Part 1, Craig commented on his aim to "rather than make it an extension of the house, which is rather eccentric, homemade, we decided to make it rather elegant . . . It's lined with silk and beautiful, floating candelabra. So it's a nice contrast with the house." For the Ministry of Magic set, he noted, "This is an underground world; this is a ministry, so we went to the real ministries, the Muggle ministries – Whitehall, in London – and decided that our magical ministry was kind of a parallel universe to these real ministries."[22]

text: Craig also commented on his design of Malfoy Manor, saying that it is "a very strong architectural set. The exterior is based on an Elizabethan house here in this country called Hardwick Hall and it has massive windows, and these windows are kind of blinded out. The shutters are drawn so they are like blind windows and they have a real kind of presence, an ominous presence, so that gave us the basis for a good exterior. There's an extraordinary magical roof that's added and surrounded by forest which isn't there in reality, but again is one of the devices to make it more threatening and mysterious."[22]

text: Costumes[edit]

text: The costumes for Part 1 were designed by Jany Temime, who has been the costume designer on Harry Potter productions since Harry Potter and the Prisoner of Azkaban (2004).[23] Temime was involved in a controversy regarding her work on Fleur Delacour's wedding dress. She was accused of copying the design from a similar dress from Alexander McQueen's Fall 2008 collection.[24] Temime spoke about the dress, saying that she "wanted it to be a witch wedding dress but not a Halloween dress. The dress is white but it needed to have something fantastic to it. So there is the phoenix [motif], the bird, which is a symbol of love in a way because there is rebirth, love never dies, it is born again."[23]

text: Visual effects[edit]

text: After working on every film since Prisoner of Azkaban, Double Negative was asked to provide visual effects for the final instalments of the story, in Harry Potter and the Deathly Hallows – Parts 1 and 2. Working closely with the film's VFX Supervisor, Tim Burke, the team was led by VFX Supervisor, David Vickery and VFX Producer Charlotte Loughlane. The main team also included 3D Supervisor, Rick Leary and 2D Supervisor, Sean Stranks.

text: Double Negative's work for Part 1 included the corroding Warner Brothers logo and extensive environment extensions of the Burrows and its surrounds. Additional environment work was completed on Xenophilius Lovegood's home, extending it in 3D and culminating in the Death Eaters' attack. Double Negative also advanced the Death Eaters' smoke effects, with the introduction of the 'flayed man' stage in between their smokey, fluid, flying state and their live-action presence upon landing. Other work included the Patronus charm that interrupts the wedding party to inform the guests that Voldemort has taken over the Ministry of Magic.[25]

text: The visual effects company Framestore produced most of the creature CGI, as in previous films, as well as the animated Tale of the Three Brothers sequence, which was directed and designed by Ben Hibon.[26]

text: Music[edit]

text: Composer Nicholas Hooper, who scored Order of the Phoenix and Half-Blood Prince, did not return for Deathly Hallows. Instead, Alexandre Desplat was hired to compose the score for Harry Potter and the Deathly Hallows − Part 1.[27] The film also featured the song "O Children" by Nick Cave and the Bad Seeds.[28]

text: Distribution[edit]

text: Marketing[edit]

text: The first official picture from the first film was released on 1 December 2009 (2009-12-01), showing Harry, Ron and Hermione in a London street. A clip was officially released on 8 December 2009 (2009-12-08) with the release of Harry Potter and the Half-Blood Prince on Blu-ray and DVD.[29] At the 2010 ShoWest convention, Alan F. Horn premiered unfinished footage from both films.[30] The 2010 MTV Movie Awards premiered more footage from Deathly Hallows.[31] Following this was the release of the official teaser poster, which shows the release date of both Part 1 and Part 2 and a destroyed Hogwarts castle.[32] ABC Family broadcast interviews and additional scenes from both parts during their Harry Potter weekend, which began on 8 July 2010.[33] A two-minute trailer for the film was released worldwide on 22 September 2010.[34]

text: On 29 September 2010, three character posters for Part 1 of Harry, Ron, and Hermione were released by Yahoo! Movies.[35] The following day, a Part 1 cinema poster was released featuring the trio on the run in a forest. The theatrical poster has the tagline "Nowhere is safe", and another version with no credits has the tagline "The end begins".[36] Various other character posters for Part 1 were released on 6 October 2010, featuring Harry, Ron, Hermione, Lord Voldemort, Bellatrix Lestrange, Severus Snape and Fenrir Greyback.[37] On 12 October, four new character posters were released.[38] The posters are set to the theme of "Trust no one" and "The hunt begins".

text: On 15 October 2010, tickets began selling on Fandango for the US release of Part 1, and on 19 October, a 50-second clip featuring never-before-seen footage was aired at the 2010 Scream Awards. On 16 October, the second TV spot was released on Cartoon Network during a premiere of Scooby-Doo! Curse of the Lake Monster.[39] On 25 October 2010, Yahoo! Movies released an exclusive featurette of the film.[40] On 30 October 2010, Entertainment Weekly released two new featurettes titled "Horcruxes" and "The Story", featuring a large amount of never-before-seen footage. On the same day, the Warner Bros. Harry Potter website was updated to reveal twelve miniature clips from the film.[41]

text: On 3 November 2010, the Los Angeles Times released an extended clip of Harry leaving the Burrow to find the Horcruxes, titled "No One Else Is Going to Die for Me".[42] On 4 November, a new clip was released from the Harry Potter Facebook page, titled "The Seven Potters".[43] Two more clips were released over the next two days, including a scene depicting a café attack[44] and another taking place in Malfoy Manor.

text: Theatrical release[edit]

text: On 26 August 2010, director David Yates, producers David Heyman and David Barron, and with Warner Bros. president Alan F. Horn attended a test screening for Deathly Hallows – Part 1 in Chicago.[45][46] The unfinished film gained rave reviews from test screeners, some of whom labelled it "amazing and dark" and "the most perfect Harry Potter film". Others expressed that the film faithfully adapted the novel, which led to an inheritance of the "book's own problems".[47]

text: Warner Bros. Pictures was originally going to release Part 1 of Deathly Hallows in 2D and 3D formats. On 8 October 2010, it was announced that plans for a 3D version of Part 1 had been scrapped. "Warner Bros. Pictures has made the decision to release Harry Potter and the Deathly Hallows – Part 1 in 2D, in both conventional and IMAX cinemas [because] we will not have a completed 3D version of the film within our release date window. Despite everyone's best efforts, we were unable to convert the film in its entirety and meet the highest standards of quality." Part 1 of Deathly Hallows was released on Blu-ray 3D as a Best Buy Exclusive. Part 2 was still released in 2D, 3D, and IMAX formats.[48]

text: The world premiere for Deathly Hallows – Part 1 was held in Leicester Square in London on 11 November 2010, with fans from across the world turning up – some of whom had camped for days in the square. This was followed by the Belgian premiere on 12 November and the US premiere in New York City on 15 November.[49]

text: Just 48 hours prior to the official North American launch of Part 1, the first 36 minutes of the film were leaked on the internet.[50] Even before the leak, the film was already the fifth-biggest generator of advance ticket sales in history, after selling out 1,000 cinemas across the United States.[51] Despite widely circulating rumours that the leaked footage was a marketing ploy to generate hype for the movie release date, no screener discs had been created by Warner Bros., and executives called it "a serious breach of copyright violation and theft of Warner Bros. property".[52]

text: In Australia, the film had its premiere on 13 November at Warner Bros. Movie World, located on the Gold Coast, Queensland. Three hundred people attended the viewing, which was the second official showing in the world, behind the UK premiere. The film premiered in Kuwait's release on 16 November. In Israel, Estonia, and New Zealand, the film was released on 18 November.

text: Home media[edit]

text: Harry Potter and the Deathly Hallows – Part 1 was released on a single and double disc DVD and 3-disc Blu-ray combo pack on 11 April 2011 in the UK and on 15 April 2011 in the US.[53] On 28 January 2011, it was announced by Emma Watson on the Harry Potter UK Facebook page that the page's fans will get to vote for their preferred cover for the Part 1 Blu-ray. The cover with the most votes will be the cover for the disc. Voting started that same day.[54] The DVD and Blu-ray include eight deleted scenes, with the Blu-ray Combo Pack containing an opening scene from Part 2 featuring Harry and Ollivander discussing the Deathly Hallows.[55][56] Deathly Hallows – Part 1 performed well in DVD sales, selling 7,237,437 DVD units and adding $86,932,256 to the gross revenue of the film,[57] bringing the total to $1,043,331,967.

text: Reception[edit]

text: Box office[edit]

text: Harry Potter and the Deathly Hallows – Part 1 grossed $24 million in North America during its midnight showing, beating the record for the highest midnight gross of the series, previously held by Half Blood Prince, at $22.2 million.[58] The film also had the third-highest midnight gross of all time, behind The Twilight Saga: Eclipse and The Twilight Saga: New Moon, which grossed $30 million and $26.3 million, respectively.[59] The film broke the record for the highest midnight gross in IMAX, with $1.4 million in box office sales, surpassing Eclipse, which grossed $1 million.[60] All of these records were later topped in 2011 by the film's sequel, Harry Potter and the Deathly Hallows – Part 2.[61]

text: In North America, the film grossed $61.7 million on its opening day, marking the sixth highest single day gross ever at the time.[62] It became the highest opening day for a Harry Potter film in the series, a record previously held by Half-Blood Prince with $58.2 million,[63] until it was broken by Harry Potter and the Deathly Hallows – Part 2 with $92.1 million.[64] The film grossed a total of $125 million in its opening weekend, marking the largest opening for the franchise, previously held by Goblet of Fire[65] and later topped by its sequel Harry Potter and the Deathly Hallows – Part 2. It also was the second biggest November opening ever at the time, behind The Twilight Saga: New Moon's $142.8 million,[66] the ninth biggest weekend opening for a film of all time at the North American box office,[67] and the second biggest opening weekend for a 2010 film in the United States and Canada behind Iron Man 2's $128.1 million.[68] The film stayed at the top of the box office for two weeks, grossing $75 million over the five-day Thanksgiving weekend, bringing its total to $219.1 million.[69]

text: In the United Kingdom, Ireland, and Malta, the film broke records for the highest Friday gross (£5.9 million), Saturday gross (£6.6 million), and Sunday gross (£5.7 million). Additionally, the film set the largest single day gross (£6.6 million) and the largest opening three-day gross (£18,319,721), a record previously held by Quantum of Solace, which grossed £15.4 million.[70] As of 13 February 2011[update], Part 1 has grossed £52,404,464 ($86,020,929),[71] becoming the second highest-grossing 2010 release in the country, behind Toy Story 3 (£73,405,113).[72]

text: Outside North America, the film grossed an estimated $205 million in its opening weekend, becoming the sixth highest of all time, the highest for a 2010 release, and the second highest for a Harry Potter movie, behind only Half-Blood Prince.[73] Globally, the film grossed $330 million in its opening weekend, ranking seventh on the all-time chart.[74]

text: It was the highest grossing 2010 film in Indonesia ($6,149,448), Singapore ($4,546,240), Thailand ($4,933,136), Belgium and Luxembourg ($8,944,329), France and the Maghreb region ($51,104,397), Germany ($61,430,098), the Netherlands ($13,790,585), Norway ($7,144,020), Sweden ($11,209,387), and Australia ($41,350,865).[75] In total overseas earnings, it surpassed Philosopher's Stone ($657.2 million) to become the highest grossing Harry Potter film overseas.[76]

text: On 7 April 2011, Part 1 ended its run with $295,983,305 in the United States and Canada, making it the fifth highest-grossing film of 2010 in these regions,[77] and $664,300,000 from other countries around the world, for a worldwide total of $960,283,305,[3] making it the third highest-grossing film of 2010 worldwide behind Toy Story 3 and Alice in Wonderland,[78] as well as the 38th highest-grossing film of all time worldwide and the third highest grossing Harry Potter film in the series behind The Deathly Hallows – Part 2 and The Philosopher's Stone.[79]

text: Due to the success of the sequel in Germany, Harry Potter and the Deathly Hallows – Part 1 could return to No. 9 on the country's Cinema Charts with 28,000 viewers in July 2011.[80]

text: Critical response[edit]

text: Review-aggregation website Rotten Tomatoes gives the film an approval rating of 78% based on 261 reviews, with an average score of 7.1/10. The site's consensus reads, "It can't help but feel like the prelude it is, but Deathly Hallows: Part I is a beautifully filmed, emotionally satisfying penultimate installment for the Harry Potter series."[81] On Metacritic, which assigns a normalised rating to reviews, the film has a score of 65 out of 100, based on 41 critics, indicating "generally favourable reviews".[82] On CinemaScore, audiences gave the film an average grade of "A" on an A+ to F scale.[83]

text: The UK's Daily Telegraph also gave the film a positive review, remarking, "For the most part the action romps along, spurred by some impressive special effects," adding, "It's just slightly disappointing that, with the momentum having been established so effectively, we now have to wait until next year to enjoy the rest of the ride."[84] Roger Ebert awarded the first part three out of four stars, praising the cast and calling it "a handsome and sometimes harrowing film . . . completely unintelligible for anyone coming to the series for the first time".[85] Scott Bowles of USA Today called it, "Menacing and meditative, Hallows is arguably the best instalment of the planned eight-film franchise, though audiences who haven't kept up with previous chapters will be hopelessly lost",[86] while Lisa Schwarzbaum of Entertainment Weekly likewise praised the film as "the most cinematically rewarding chapter yet."[87] In a review for the Orlando Sentinel, Roger Moore proclaimed Part I as "Alternately funny and touching, it's the best film in the series, an Empire Strikes Back for these wizards and their wizarding world. And those effects? They're so special you don't notice them."[88] Ramin Setoodeh of Newsweek gave a negative review, writing, "They've taken one of the most enchanting series in contemporary fiction and sucked out all the magic . . . while Rowling's stories are endlessly inventive, Potter onscreen just gives you a headache."[89] Lou Lumenick of the New York Post found the film to be "Beautifully shot but a soulless cash machine... [that] delivers no dramatic payoff, no resolution and not much fun."[90]

text: Accolades[edit]

text: Harry Potter and the Deathly Hallows – Part 1 was nominated for Best Art Direction and Best Visual Effects at the 83rd Academy Awards.[91] It is the second film in the Harry Potter film series to be nominated for a Visual Effects Oscar (the previous one being Harry Potter and the Prisoner of Azkaban). The film was long-listed for eight different categories, including Best Cinematography, Production Design, and Original Score, at the 64th BAFTA awards, and ultimately was nominated for Best Special Visual Effects and Make-up.[92]

text:
[show]List of awards and nominations

Award
Category
Result
Recipient
Source

83rd Academy Awards
Best Art Direction
Nominated
Stuart Craig
Stephenie McMillan
[91]

Best Visual Effects
Nominated
Tim Burke
John Richardson
Christian Manz
Nicolas Aithadi

64th BAFTA Awards
Special Visual Effects
Nominated
[93]

Best Makeup and Hair
Nominated
Amanda Knight
Lisa Tomblin

BAFTA Britannia Awards
Artistic Excellence in Directing
Won
David Yates (for Harry Potter films 5–8)
[94]

37th Saturn Awards
Best Fantasy Film
Nominated

[95]

Best Director
Nominated
David Yates

Best Special Effects
Nominated
Tim Burke
John Richardson
Nicolas Ait'Hadi
Christian Manz

Best Make-Up
Nominated
Mark Coulier
Nick Dudman
Amanda Knight

Best Costume
Nominated
Jany Temime

2011 Hugo Awards
Best Dramatic Presentation (Long Form)
Nominated
David Yates, Steve Kloves
[96]

2011 MTV Movie Awards
Best Movie
Nominated

[97]

Best Male Performance
Nominated
Daniel Radcliffe

Best Female Performance
Nominated
Emma Watson

Best Villain
Won
Tom Felton

Best Kiss
Nominated
Daniel Radcliffe and Emma Watson

Best Fight
Nominated
Daniel Radcliffe, Emma Watson and Rupert Grint

Satellite Awards 2010
Best Cinematography
Nominated
Eduardo Serra
[98]

Best Original Score
Nominated
Alexandre Desplat

Washington D.C. Area Film Critics Association Awards
Best Art Direction
Nominated
Stuart Craig
[99]

Art Directors Guild Awards 2010
Best Art Direction in a Fantasy Film
Nominated
[100]

Golden Reel Awards 2011
Best Sound Editing: Music in a Feature Film
Nominated
Gerard McCann
Peter Clarke
Stuart Morton
Allan Jenkins
Kirsty Whalley
Rob Houston
[101]

Best Sound Editing: Dialogue and ADR in a Feature Film
Nominated
James Harley Mather
Bjorn Ole Schroeder
Dan Laurie
Jon Olive
[102]

Houston Film Critics Society Awards 2010
Best Cinematography
Nominated
Eduardo Serra
[103]

San Diego Film Critics Society Awards 2010
Best Cinematography
Nominated
[104]

Best Production Design
Nominated
Stuart Craig

Phoenix Film Critics Society Awards 2010
Best Cinematography
Nominated
Eduardo Serra
[105]

Best Visual Effects
Nominated

Visual Effects Society Awards 2011
Outstanding Visual Effects in a Visual-Effects Driven Feature Motion Picture
Nominated
Tim Burke
Emma Norton
John Richardson
[106]

Outstanding Animated Character in a Live Action Feature Motion Picture
(Dobby)
Won
Mathieu Vig
Ben Lambert
Laurie Brugger
Marine Poirson

Outstanding Animated Character in a Live Action Feature Motion Picture
(Kreacher)
Nominated

Broadcast Film Critics Association Awards 2010
Best Visual Effects
Nominated

[107]

Best Makeup
Nominated

St. Louis Gateway Film Critics Association Awards 2010
Best Visual Effects
Nominated
[108]

Special Merit (Obliviate Scene)
Nominated

Las Vegas Film Critics Society Awards
Best Visual Effects
Nominated
[109]

International Film Music Critics Association
Best Original Score for a Fantasy/Science Fiction/Horror Film
Nominated
Alexandre Desplat
[110]

2011 Kids' Choice Awards
Favorite Movie
Nominated

[111]

Favorite Movie Actress
Nominated
Emma Watson

Empire Awards 2011
Best Actress
Nominated
[112]

Best Sci-Fi / Fantasy
Won

2011 National Movie Awards
Best Fantasy Film
Won

[113]

Performance of the Year
Nominated
Daniel Radcliffe

Nominated
Emma Watson

Nominated
Rupert Grint

2011 Teen Choice Awards
Choice Movie: Sci-Fi/Fantasy
Won

[114]

Choice Movie: Actor Sci-Fi/Fantasy
Nominated
Daniel Radcliffe

Choice Movie: Actress Sci-Fi/Fantasy
Won
Emma Watson

Choice Movie: Villain
Won
Tom Felton

Choice Movie: Liplock
Won
Daniel Radcliffe and Emma Watson

2011 British Academy Children's Awards (BAFTA)
Favorite Film
Nominated

[115]

BAFTA Kids' Vote (Film Category)
Nominated


document_title: Love Me, I'm a Liberal

question_text: love me i'm a liberal song meaning

question_tokens: love me i 'm a liberal song meaning

root

text: Love Me, I'm a Liberal

text:
"Love Me, I'm a Liberal"

Song by Phil Ochs

from the album Phil Ochs in Concert

Published
1965

Released
1966

Genre
Topical song, folk

Length
4:33

Label
Elektra

Songwriter(s)
Phil Ochs

Producer(s)
Jac Holzman and Mark Abramson

tag: table

text: "Love Me, I'm a Liberal" is a satirical song by Phil Ochs, a U.S. protest singer. Originally released on his 1966 live album, Phil Ochs in Concert, "Love Me, I'm a Liberal" was soon one of Ochs's most popular concert staples.[1] The song mocks the differences between what liberals say and what they do.[2]

tag: p

text: Introducing the song on the live album, Ochs said:

text: In every American community there are varying shades of political opinion. One of the shadiest of these is the liberals. An outspoken group on many subjects, ten degrees to the left of center in good times, ten degrees to the right of center if it affects them personally. Here, then, is a lesson in safe logic.[3]

text: "Love Me, I'm a Liberal" is sung from the perspective of a liberal. In the first verse, the singer laments the assassinations of Medgar Evers and President John F. Kennedy, but says Malcolm X got what he deserved. Each verse ends with the refrain, "So love me, love me, love me, I'm a liberal."[4] In the song's other verses, the singer says he supports the Civil Rights Movement and "love[s] Puerto Ricans and Negros as long as they don't move next door",[5] but adds that if somebody suggests busing the singer's children to integrate their schools, he "hope[s] the cops take down [their] name".[6] In the final verse, the narrator reveals that he used to be like the listener:[6]

text:
Sure, once I was young and impulsive; I wore every conceivable pin,
Even went to Socialist meetings, learned all the old Union hymns.
Ah, but I've grown older and wiser, and that's why I'm turning you in.
So love me, love me, love me, I'm a liberal.[4]

text: According to Ochs' biographer Michael Schumacher, "Love Me, I'm a Liberal" would evoke "a strange mixture of laughter, from nervous tittering from those who recognized themselves in Phil's indictment, to open roars of approval from the radical factions in the audience."[7] Eric Alterman describes "Love Me, I'm a Liberal" as "a scorching indictment of liberal cowardice by a bitter adversary, not the good-natured ribbing one might expect from an affectionate ally".[8]

text: In 2018, Billy Bragg wrote of "Love Me, I'm a Liberal": "As with all such finely honed topical songs, the cultural references have dated somewhat. However, Ochs's description of a liberal as someone whose politics are '10 degrees to the left of centre in good times, 10 degrees to the right of centre if it affects them personally' still resonates today."[9]

text: Cover versions[edit]

text: Several cover versions of "Love Me, I'm a Liberal" have been recorded, almost always with updated lyrics. Performers include Jello Biafra and Mojo Nixon,[10] Kevin Devine,[11] Gerd Schinkel,[12] Evan Greer,[13] John Yannis,[14] Nacho Vegas (es),[15] Oscar Brand, and Chris T-T.[16]


document_title: Timeline of the introduction of color television in countries

question_text: when did colour tv come out in uk

question_tokens: when did colour tv come out in uk

text: This is a list of when the first color television broadcasts were transmitted to the general public. Non-public field tests and closed-circuit demonstrations are not included.

text: Countries and territories which never had black and white television (i.e. the first broadcasts were in color), such as Zanzibar, Brunei, Botswana, Laos, South Africa, Namibia, Macau, Sri Lanka, Papua New Guinea, Fiji, Palau, Bhutan, Vanuatu, Faroe Islands, Malawi, The Gambia, Tonga, Liechtenstein, San Marino, Somalia, Cameroon, Cape Verde, São Tomé and Príncipe, Tanzania and Nepal are not included in this list.

text:
Country
Year
Network or channel
Color system
Notes

 Afghanistan
1977/1983
RTA
PAL
First experimental color broadcasts in late 1977 and stalled in 1979 due to the Soviet War in Afghanistan. Returned by at least 1983 in full service.

 Albania
1981
RTSH
PAL
Color broadcasts had been available from Yugoslavia since 1971, and Italy since 1977, Frequencies have been occasionally jammed due to censorship of some programs in Albania in that time.

 Algeria
1973
RTA
PAL
RTA was transmitted in the older French 819-line standard System E, until 1973 when it started broadcasting in 625-line standard System B.[1]

 American Samoa
1969
KVZK-2
NTSC
KVZK-2 was a National Educational Television affiliate.

 Angola
1983
TPA
PAL

 Argentina
1978/1980
LS 82 Canal 7
PAL-N
Introduced for the 1978 FIFA World Cup (regular full color transmission began at midnight on Thursday 1 May 1980). In 1969, Canal 13 made experimental transmissions in NTSC, but did not receive government approval. Subsequently, the project was cancelled.

 Armenian SSR
1973/1978
Armenia 1
PAL
First transmission was the May Day Parade in Yerevan. Full-time color transmissions since Christmas Eve 1978.

 Australia
1975
ATV-0 (now ATV-10).
PAL
Full-time color transmissions since Saturday, March 1, 1975. First closed-circuit color test broadcast on Thursday, June 15, 1967 with live coverage of the Pakenham races.[2] Many television shows were produced and broadcast in color between 1972-1974, with limited color transmissions from mid-1974 on.

 Austria
1969/1975
ORF
PAL
First transmission was the Eurovision broadcast of New Year Concert from Vienna on Wednesday, January 1, 1969. Full-time color transmissions since January 15, 1975.

 Azerbaijan SSR
1983
AzTV
PAL

 Bahamas
1983
ZNS-TV
NTSC
Color transmissions had been available from Miami since 1954 (WTVJ) and West Palm Beach since the late-1950s[3]

 Bahrain
1972
Bahrain TV
PAL

 Bangladesh
1980
BTV
PAL

 Barbados
1971
CBC
NTSC

 Belize
1984
Channel 7
NTSC

 Benin
1982
OTRB
PAL

 Byelorussian SSR
1961/1979
Belteleradio
SECAM
The first Soviet Bloc country and first country in Eastern Europe to introduce color television in 1961. Full color service came around 1979.

 Belgium
1967/1971
RTB/BRT
PAL
Color broadcasts from France (SECAM), Germany and Netherlands (PAL) were available since 1967. Early receivers were very costly owing to multiple standards: PAL/SECAM/625 lines and monochrome/819 lines

 Bermuda
1968
ZBM-TV
NTSC
ZBM was an affiliate of the U.S. network CBS. Color broadcasts have been available from the United States since 1958.

 Bolivia
1977/1980
TV Boliviana
NTSC
Experimental color broadcasts began in 1977. Full-time color arrived in 1980. Color broadcasts have been available from Brazil since 1970, but were PAL.

 Bosnia and Herzegovina
1971/1972/1973-1978
Televizija Sarajevo
PAL
First color transmission came from Belgrade in 1971, local service began in 1972 to 1973 1978.

 Brazil
1970/1972/1973-1978
Bandeirantes/Globo
PAL-M
First transmissions (unofficial and just for specific programs) were made between 1962 and 1963 using NTSC. Tests for the regular transmissions begins in 1970 with the Mexico's FIFA World Cup, and the first official transmission being the coverage of the 12th Caxias do Sul Grape Festival in February 1972. Full-time color transmissions since 1973 to 1978.

 Bulgaria
1970/1977
BNT
SECAM
Full color transmissions achieved by 1977.

 Burma
1984
MRTV
NTSC
The last country in Southeast Asia to introduce color television.

 Burundi
1983
RTNB
SECAM

 Kampuchea
1981/1985
National Television of Kampuchea
PAL
Full-time color transmissions started in 1985.

 Canada
1966/1974/1976-1977
(CBC, SRC), CTV
NTSC
First test transmissions on CBC in September 1966, CTV began color broadcasts a year later. Color broadcasts from the United States had been available since the mid-1950s. A mandatory transition to color for all transmitters took place between 1969 and 1976 on all English and French channels. CBC began Full-time color broadcasts in 1974. Full-time color officially achieved between 1976-1977.

 Central African Republic
1982
RTC
SECAM

 Chad
1982
Télé Tchad
SECAM

 Chile
1978
TVN, Canal 13
NTSC
First transmission in color was in the 13th Viña del Mar Festival, but only for export until the 18th edition. First nationwide color show transmitted was Esta noche fiesta of Canal 13 on Monday, April 10, 1978.[4] First news report in color was shown at Teletrece on April 12, 1978.[5] Full-time color transmissions since mid 1979.

 China
1973/1984
CCTV
PAL
Urban areas began color broadcasts in 1973. Full-time color transmissions since 1984 nationwide.

 Colombia
1979[6]
Inravisión
NTSC
Test broadcasts in SECAM were held in 1966.[7] Test for the regular transmissions began in 1971 with the coverage of that year's Pan American Games held in Cali. In 1974, the inauguration of West Germany's FIFA World Cup was aired in color in closed circuit at two colosseums in Bogota and Cali.[8] Full-time color transmissions since Saturday, December 1, 1979.[6]

 Congo (Brazzaville)
1975
TeleCongo
SECAM

 Costa Rica
1973
TICA-TV
NTSC

 Croatia
1972
Televizija Zagreb
PAL

 Cuba
1958/1975
Tele-Color, S.A.
Tele Rebelde (1975)
NTSC
Ended in 1959 as a result of the Cuban Revolution; returned in 1975.

 Cyprus
1976
CyBC
SECAM

 Czechoslovakia/ Czech Republic
1973
ČST
SECAM PAL
Regular colour broadcasts started in May 9, 1973 on second channel and in May 9, 1975 on first channel. Full color transition in late 1970's, switched to PAL broadcasting in 1993. ČST started color experiments in late 60's in PAL. After Russian invasion in 1968 SECAM was chosen for broadcasting, but not for production. TV studios worked in PAL and than it was transcoded for SECAM broadcasting till 1993.

 Denmark
1968/1970[9]
Danmarks Radio
PAL
First introduced for the 1968 Winter Olympics in Grenoble, France.[9] The national broadcaster's programming transitioned to color throughout 1969 and "color tests" were officially ended on Wednesday, April 1, 1970.[9] Color broadcasts had been available from Germany since 1967.

 Djibouti
1974
RTD
SECAM

 Dominican Republic
1969
Color Visión
NTSC

 Ecuador
1974
Ecuavisa
Teleamazonas
NTSC

 Egypt
1973
ETV
PAL

 Equatorial Guinea
1976
RNGE
SECAM

 El Salvador
1973
YSU-TV
NTSC

 Estonian SSR
1967/1972
ETV
SECAM/
PAL
First color broadcasts came from Moscow; first local color program was transmitted on Saturday, December 30, 1972. Transitioned from SECAM to PAL 1992-1999.

 Ethiopia
1979
ETV
PAL

 Finland
1970
YLE/MTV
PAL

 France
1967/1976/1983
ORTF
SECAM
Introduced on La Deuxième Chaîne at 2:15pm (14:15) on Sunday, October 1, 1967. The first channel TF1 remained B&W for years due to being transmitted in the older 819-line standard: its transition to color 625-line began on Thursday, January 1, 1976 and the full nationwide color coverage was only achieved in 1983.[10]

 French Polynesia
1971
RFO (1erè Radio Tahiti)
SECAM

 French Guiana
1974
RFO (Guyane RFO TV)
SECAM

 Gabon
1973
RTG
SECAM

 Georgian SSR
1975-1976/1984
Georgian Public Broadcaster
SECAM
Early color broadcasts came from Moscow since at least 1975 and 1976 during certain events.

 East Germany
1969
DFF
SECAM
Introduced on Friday, October 3, 1969 on the new second television channel launched for that purpose with a symbolic launch button pressed by Walter Ulbricht on the occasion of the 20th anniversary of the GDR on Tuesday, October 7. The television tower in East Berlin was also opened that day.

 West Germany
1967
ARD/ZDF
PAL
Introduced on both channels simultaneously at 9:30am on Friday, August 25, 1967 with a symbolic launch button pressed by Willy Brandt on the International Radio and Television Fair in West Berlin.

 Ghana
1980
GTV
PAL

 Gibraltar
1969
GBC
PAL

 Greece
1976/1977-1979
ERT
SECAM
Test color broadcasts began in 1976. Full color broadcasts started on 1977 to 1979. ERT switched to PAL in 1992.

 Greenland
1984/1987/1990
KNR
PAL
Color broadcasts from Canada had been available since 1972, but were NTSC and Iceland since 1976. Private transmitters were built to receive TV signals from those countries long before Greenland had their native TV service which came into broadcast in 1982. Full-time color service came in 1984, remote areas continued to broadcast in black and white until c.1987-1990.

 Guadeloupe
1972
RFO (Guadeloupe 1erè)
SECAM

 Guinea
1971
RTG
PAL
Color broadcasts from the Ivory Coast had been available since 1970, but were SECAM.

 Guinea-Bissau
1981
RTGB
PAL

 Guatemala
1970
RTG
NTSC
First Central American country to introduce color television; color broadcasts available from Mexico since 1967.

 Guam
1970
KUAM-TV
NTSC
KUAM was a primary NBC affiliate that also carried some programming from ABC and CBS.

 Haiti
1971
Télé Haïti[11]
NTSC

 Honduras
1973
Canal 3 Honduras
NTSC

 Hong Kong
1969/1975
TVB
PAL
Introduced for the Festival of Hong Kong in December 1969. Color broadcasts have been available from PR China since 1973. Full-time color broadcasts since 1975.

 Hungary
1971/1975
Magyar Televízió
SECAM
Full color broadcasts introduced in 1975.

 Iceland
1974-1976
RÚV (Sjónvarpið)
PAL
Full-time color broadcasts since 1974 to 1976.

 India
1978/1979-1981/1982
Doordarshan
PAL
Experimental color broadcasts began in 1978. Color broadcasts from Pakistan had been available since 1977. Full color broadcasts were introduced in 1979 and 1981 to 1982.

 Indonesia
1977
TVRI
PAL
Full-time color broadcasts began on Tuesday 24 August 1982.

 Iran
1973
NIRT
SECAM

 Iraq
1968
RTI
SECAM
First Muslim country to introduce color television.

 Ireland
1971
RTÉ
PAL
Introduced for the Eurovision Song Contest 1971 in Dublin on Saturday, April 3, 1971; color broadcasts from United Kingdom available since 1967–69.
Full-time color broadcasts began in 1976.

 Israel
1977/1978/1979-1983
IBA/IETV
PAL
Introduced for the coverage of the Egyptian president's visit to Israel in November 1977, then reintroduced for the Eurovision Song Contest 1979 in Jerusalem on Saturday, March 31, 1979. Gradual transition to full-time color transmissions from 1980 to 1983. Full-time color transmissions since February 1983. Color broadcasts from Jordan and Egypt had been available since 1974 and Lebanon since 1975. Since color TVs were considered more expensive, the government ordered removing the color signals, in the name of public equality. Engineers have managed to produce a device that extrapolates the colors from programs that were originally shot in color, and such devices were sold to the thousands.

 Italy
1972/1977
RAI
PAL
Introduction temporarily stalled by political turmoil. Color broadcasts from France (SECAM) had been available since 1967, and from Austria (PAL) since 1969. Privately operated transmitter chains made these signals available as far as Rome. First color test was in 1972 Summer Olympic Games. The Sanremo Music Festival began to be broadcast in color in 1973, as well as, in the same year, the Jeux Sans Frontières. Full-time color transmissions started on Tuesday, February 1, 1977.

 Ivory Coast
1970
RTI
SECAM

 Jamaica
1975
JBC
NTSC

 Japan
1960/1968/1971
NHK/NTV
TBS
YTV
ABC
NTSC-J
The first Asian country to introduce color television, on Saturday, September 10, 1960. Full-time color since 1968 to 1971.[12]

 Jordan
1974
JTV
PAL

 Kazakh SSR
1977
Kazakhstan
PAL
Full color transmissions introduced in the 1980s.

 Kenya
1978
KBC
PAL

 North Korea
1977-1980
KCTV
PAL
Full color broadcasts were introduced by 1977 to 1980.

 South Korea
1975/1981
KBS/MBC
NTSC
Test color broadcasts began in 1975. Full-time color broadcasts since 1981. Color broadcasts have been available from North Korea since 1974.

 Kuwait
1974
KTV
PAL

 Kirghiz SSR
1981
Kyrgyz Television
SECAM
Experimental color broadcast for the 1980 Summer Olympics.

 Latvian SSR
1968/1974
LTV
SECAM/
PAL
First color broadcasts came from Moscow. First local color program was transmitted on Monday, January 28, 1974. Switched from SECAM to PAL on February 2, 1998.

 Lebanon
1967/1975
CLT/Télé Liban
SECAM
In 1967, CLT became the third television station in the world after the Soviet Union and France to broadcast in color, utilizing the French SECAM technology. [13]

 Liberia
1975
LBS
PAL

 Libya
1976
Al-Libyah TV
PAL

 Lithuanian SSR
1968
LRT
SECAM/
PAL
Used SECAM as part of the USSR 1968-1990, and 1990-1997. PAL has been in use since 1997.

 Luxembourg
1972
Compangnie Luxembourgeoise de Télédiffusion
PAL
SECAM
The then only channel for audiences in Luxembourg, France and Belgium originally used the French/Belgian 819-line B&W standard. After Belgium and France opted for different color systems, Luxembourg broadcast two versions of the same channel. All later RTL channels aimed at French-, German- and Dutch-speaking audiences in Europe adopted the standards of their target markets.

 Macedonia
1974
Televizija Skopje
PAL

 Madagascar
1977
MBS
SECAM

 Malaysia
1978/1979-1981/1982
RTM
PAL
Introduced in Peninsular Malaysia on Thursday 28 December 1978 and in Sabah and Sarawak on Sunday 31 August 1980. Color had been available from Southern Thailand since 1972 and Singapore since 1974. Full-time color broadcasts began on 1979 to 1981 to Friday 1 January 1982.

 Maldives
1984
TVM
PAL
Color had been available from India since 1982.

 Mali
1984
ORTM
SECAM

 Malta
1981
TVM
PAL
Color broadcasts from Italy had been available since 1977, full color service began in 1981

 Martinique
1969
RFO (Martinique 1erè)
SECAM

 Mauritania
1984
TV de Mauritanie
PAL

 Mauritius
1978
MBC
SECAM
Color television arrived on a full-time schedule in 1978.

 Mexico
1963/1964/1965-1968
Canal 5 Telesistema Mexicano (now Televisa)
NTSC
Launched Friday, February 8, 1963 with the program Paraiso Infantil. Color had been available previously in a few border cities from the United States, on a limited basis. Full-time color transmissions started with the 1968 Summer Olympic Games. Curiously, Mexico had its own system of color television, invented by Guillermo González, prior to NTSC adoption, which would be used in the 1964 Olympic Games.

 Moldavian SSR
1978
TeleRadio-Moldova
SECAM/
PAL

 Monaco
1973
TMC
PAL /
SECAM
Color broadcasts from France had been available since 1967.

 Mongolia
1975
MNB
SECAM

 Montenegro
1974
JRT/Televizija Titograd (now TV CG 1)
PAL

 Morocco
1973
RTM
SECAM
First test transmission was in 1972.

 Mozambique
1984
TVM
PAL

 Netherlands
1967
NPO
PAL
Introduced on both national channels on Thursday, September 21, 1967.

 Netherlands Antilles
1973
TeleCuraçao
NTSC

 New Caledonia
1972-1973-1978
RFO (France Ô - New Caledonia)
SECAM
New Caledonia first broadcast in color for the 1972 Munich Olympic Games and a Chinese program in 1973, full color broadcasts became official in 1978.[citation needed]

 New Zealand
1973/1975
NZBC
PAL
Introduced in November 1973, as part of preparations for the 1974 British Commonwealth Games, held in Christchurch in February 1974.[14] Full-time color was achieved by December 1975.[15] Color broadcasts have been available from Australia in parts of New Zealand since the early 1970s.

 Nicaragua
1973
Televicentro Canal 2
NTSC

 Niger
1979
Télé Sahel
SECAM
Color broadcasts had been available from Nigeria from 1974, but were PAL.

 Nigeria
1974
WNTV (now called the NTA)
PAL

 Norway
1972/1975
NRK
PAL
Experimental color broadcasts introduced for the 1968 Winter Olympics in Grenoble, France. Regular test transmissions from Saturday, January 1, 1972. Full-time color broadcasts since Wednesday, January 1, 1975. Color broadcasts had been available from Sweden since 1970, in parts of Norway and Finland since 1969.

 Oman
1984
Oman TV
PAL

 Pakistan
1977-1982
PTV
PAL
Full-time color transmissions arrived in 1977 to 1982.

 Panama
1972
NTP
NTSC

 Paraguay
1979
TV Cerro Corá
PAL-N

 Peru
1978
TV Perú
América Televisión
Panamericana Televisión
NTSC
First color test transmission was done in 1967 by Panamericana Televisión for a soap opera but for economic and political reasons the project was canceled. Channel 7 made test broadcasts with their own content since 1977 that became official on January 17, 1978 when color standard adopted and official broadcasts were authorised. The first color broadcast was the coverage of the 1978 election. América Televisión and Panamericana Televisión began their regular color broadcasting with the broadcast of the 1978 Argentina's FIFA World Cup. Transition completed on October 1, 1980.

 Philippines
1963/1966/1971
ABS-CBN
NTSC
First Southeast Asian Country color test transmission was in 1963. Commercial launch in June 1966 using RCA color; and full-time color transmissions began in 1971 when color sets became more widespread in the Manila area and suburbs.

 Poland
1971
TVP
SECAM
First time color program was broadcast on March 16, 1971 & regular broadcasting began on December 6, 1971 for 6th PUWP congress. The 1972 Munich Olympic Games Use Color in SECAM. Transitioned to PAL on January 1, 1994 for all TVP channels except for TVP1 which transitioned on January 1, 1995.

 Portugal
1976/1980
RTP
PAL
First experimental broadcasts for the coverage of the 1976 election and The 1976 Montreal Olympic Games. Introduced for the Portuguese version of Jeux Sans Frontières on Wednesday, September 5, 1979; color broadcasts from Spain available since 1972. Full-color transmissions started on 1977 to Monday, March 10, 1980.

 Puerto Rico
1966
WAPA
NTSC

 Qatar
1974
QBS
PAL
Color broadcasts from Bahrain had been available since 1973.

 Réunion
1972
RFO (1erè Rèunion)
SECAM
The 1972 Munich Olympic Games Use SECAM System

 Romania
1985-1990
TVR
PAL
Despite being in the Eastern Bloc, Romania used PAL for the first testing of the 1984 Los Angeles Olympic Games and chose not to adopt SECAM, unlike the other Warsaw Pact countries. Full-time color broadcasts since 1984 and 1985 to 1990. Romania became the last country to introduce color television.

 Rwanda
1982
ORINFOR
SECAM

 Saint Christopher-Nevis-Anguilla
1982
ZIZ-TV
NTSC
Full-time color transmissions introduced in 1982. Color broadcasts have been available from Guadeloupe since 1972, but were SECAM and the Netherlands Antilles since 1973.

 Saint Pierre and Miquelon
1971
RFO (1eré SPM TV; Previously known as ORTF)
SECAM
Color transmissions had been available from Newfoundland and Labrador since 1967, but were NTSC. There are transmitters in SPM that can carry a signal from Newfoundland and Labrador which converts it to SECAM from NTSC and in some cases, In Fortune, Newfoundland, 1eré is converted to NTSC by a transmitter that is placed there.

 Saudi Arabia
1973
SAGTS
SECAM

 Senegal
1975
RTS
SECAM

 Sierra Leone
1978[16]
SLBS
PAL

 Singapore
1974-1975
Radio Television Singapore (RTS)
PAL
First Testing The 1974 Tehran Asian Games, Full-time color broadcasts began on 1 November 1975 and 1976 to 1977.

 Slovakia
1970/1973
ČST
SECAM PAL
First color transmission in 1970 during World Ski Championship which was broadcast in PAL. Adopted SECAM in 1973 with full color transition in late 1970s. Switched to PAL in 1993.

 Slovenia
1976/1976
Televizija Ljubljana
PAL
First Testing The 1976 Montreal Olympic Games, Full Tine Color Transition in 1977

 Spain
1972/1978
RTVE
PAL
Color broadcasts had been available from France since 1967, but were SECAM and Gibraltar since 1969. First color test was in 1972. Full-time color broadcasts since 1973 to 1977, although monochrome commercials continued to be made until 1978. The Eurovision Song Contest 1969 in Madrid was a color production, but it was televised in black-and-white to the local audience.

 Sudan
1976
Sudan TV
PAL

 Suriname
1977
STVS
NTSC

 Sweden
1970
Sveriges Radio TV
PAL
Test transmissions started on Wednesday, December 14, 1966. Regular color service and color license fee introduced Wednesday, April 1, 1970.

  Switzerland
1968
SBC
PAL
Switzerland uses PAL to broadcast the 1968 Mexico City Olympic Games, color transmissions had been available from France and Germany since 1967.

 Syria
1980
STV
PAL

 Taiwan
1975
CTV
NTSC
Full-time color transmissions since 1975.

 Tajik SSR
1982
TVT
SECAM
Experimental color broadcast for the 1980 Summer Olympics.

 Thailand
1975
Channel 7
PAL
Although television in Thailand originally employed a 525-line screen (System M, US standard at the time), the country opted for PAL color, which necessitated a conversion to system B (625 lines), starting with Channel 7 in November 1967. Regional stations converted between 1972 and 1975.

 Togo
1979
TVT
SECAM

 Trinidad and Tobago
1969
TTT
NTSC

 Tunisia
1976
RTT
PAL

 Turkey
1984[17]
TRT
PAL
Test transmissions started with the New Year's Eve celebrations on Thursday, December 31, 1981 and 1 January 1982; full color television did not start until Sunday, July 1, 1984. Color broadcasts from Greece had been available since 1976 and Bulgaria since at least 1971.

 Turkmen SSR
1970
Turkmen Television
SECAM
First Central Asian country to introduce color television. Introduced on Saturday, October 31, 1970 in preparation for the start of Ramadan.

 Uganda
1975
UTV
PAL

 Ukrainian SSR
1967/1975
UT-1
SECAM/
PAL
First transmission came from Moscow in 1967, Ukraine uses SECAM in for the 1968 Mexico City Olympic Games. Local color broadcasts began in 1968 and 1969 to 1975.

 United Arab Emirates
1974
UAE-TV
PAL

 United Kingdom
1967/1969/1976
BBC 2
PAL
Introduced on BBC 2 for Wimbledon coverage on Saturday, July 1, 1967. The launch of the BBC 2 "full" color service took place on December 2, 1967. Some British TV programs, however, had been produced in color even before the introduction of color television in 1967, for the purpose of sales to American, Canadian, and Filipino networks. Full-time color broadcasts since 1969.[18] Full nationwide color broadcasting achieved in 1976.

 United States
1950
CBS
CBS
Field sequential color system; experimental; ended 1951.[19] The first country with black and white transmission to introduce color television.

 United States
1953
NBC
CBS
NTSC
Dot sequential system.[20] The US began a gradual transition to color in late 1953. The first color TV sets were very expensive and the audience for color was accordingly very small, so only specials and a handful of regularly scheduled shows aired in color during the 1950s. Market penetration slowly increased as more affordable sets and more color programming became available. A tipping point came in 1965, when the commercial networks first aired the majority of their prime-time shows in color. By the end of 1966, prime-time was all-color, but an ever-dwindling number of daytime, local and educational programs continued in black-and-white for a few more years.

 United States - Alaska
1966
KENI-TV (now KTUU)
NTSC
First program in color, on Monday, September 19, 1966, was the premiere episode of That Girl, an ABC show. KENI was a primary affiliate of both NBC and ABC. Transitioned to full color service by 1972. Color broadcasts have been available from the USSR since 1967 but were SECAM.

 United States - Hawaii
1965
KONA-TV, now KHON-TV; KHVH-TV, now KITV; KGMB
NTSC
KHVH was an ABC affiliate, KGMB was CBS, and KONA was NBC. Transitioned to full color service around 1969.

 USSR
 Russia
1967/1975
Soviet Central Television (Now Channel One (Russia))
SECAM
Introduced specifically for the 50th Golden Jubilee Anniversary of the October Revolution. Full-time colorcasts began with the Revolution's 58th anniversary, in 1975. Some parts of the USSR received color from Alaska since 1966 in some circumstances when signals were not jammed in some parts and was received by contraband receivers to pick up signals.

 Upper Volta
1976
Volta Vision
SECAM
This country is now known as Burkina Faso.

 Uruguay
1981
CXB-10
PAL-N
Introduced for the 1980 Mundialito but locally broadcast in B&W. Local color broadcasting started in 1981.

 Uzbek SSR
1984
MTRK
SECAM
Experimental color broadcast for the 1980 Summer Olympics. The last Central Asian country to introduce color television.

 Venezuela
1974-1980
RCTV
Venevision
NTSC
Color tests were made during the 1972 Olympic Games in Munich, West Germany. Color television arrived on a full-time schedule on Monday 1 January 1973 and 1974 to Saturday 1 December 1979 by TVN5. Transition completed on Sunday 1 June 1980. Color broadcasts have been available from Trinidad and Tobago since 1969.

 Vietnam
1977
VTV
PAL
The first color television program aired on Tết.[21] Color televisions were available only in big cities until the late 1980s.

 U.S. Virgin Islands
1968
WBNB-TV
NTSC
WBNB was a CBS affiliate whose first color broadcasts took place during the 1968 Summer Olympic Games in Mexico City, Mexico. This station was destroyed by Hurricane Hugo in 1989.

 North Yemen
1979
NYRTC
PAL

 South Yemen
1981
SYRTC
PAL
Color broadcasts had been available from North Yemen since 1979.

 Yugoslavia
 Serbia
1971
JRT/Televizija Beograd (now RTS1)
PAL
Introduced on the launch of the second TVB channel (TVB 2), as it was the first Yugoslav channel to start in color. From the late 1970s, TVB 1 switches to color, thus making all channels broadcast in color. (both TVB 1 and TVB 2, as they were only the channels available in that time) Full-time color broadcasts in SR Serbia began on May 25, 1979.

 Zaire
1980
OZRT
SECAM

 Zambia
1977
ZNBC
PAL

 Zimbabwe
1984[22]
ZBC
PAL
The last country in Africa to introduce color television. Color broadcasts have been available from Zambia since 1977 and South Africa since 1976.


document_title: History of United States postage rates

question_text: what is cost of first class mail stamp

question_tokens: what is cost of first class mail stamp

text: History of United States postage rates

text: Historical rates[edit]

text:
History of United States domestic first class & postcard rates, 1863–present (USD)

Date Introduced
Rate for first ounce (Letter)
Rate for first ounce (Package)
Additional ounces
Postcard rate[2]
Comments

March 3, 1863
.06 (.03 per half ounce)
.06
.06 (.03 per half ounce)
.06
.02 per half ounce in drop boxes[3][4]

October 1, 1883
.04 (.02 per half ounce)
.04
.04 (.02 per half ounce)
.04
[5]

July 1, 1885
.02
.02
.02
.02
[6]

July 1, 1898
.02
.02
.02
.01
[7]

November 2, 1917
.03
.03
.03
.02
War Years

July 1, 1919
.02
.02
.02
.01
Dropped back by Congress

July 1, 1928
.02
.02
.02
.01

July 6, 1932
.03
.03
.03
.01

January 1, 1952
.03
.03
.03
.02

August 1, 1958
.04
.04
.04
.03

January 7, 1963
.05
.05
.05
.04

January 7, 1968
.06
.06
.06
.05

May 16, 1971
.08
.08
.08
.06

March 2, 1974
.10
.10
.10
.08

September 14, 1975
.10
.10
.09
.07
Last surface mail rate

December 31, 1975
.13
.13
.11
.09
All domestic first class & postcards by airmail

May 29, 1978
.15
.15
.13
.10
A Stamp Used

March 22, 1981
.18
.18
.17
.12
B Stamp Used

November 1, 1981
.20
.20
.17
.13
C Stamp Used

February 17, 1985
.22
.22
.17
.14
D Stamp Used

April 3, 1988[8]
.25
.25
.20
.15
E Stamp Used

February 3, 1991
.29
.29
.23
.19
F Stamp Used (also 4 cent F makeup rate stamp)

January 1, 1995
.32
.32
.23
.20
G Stamp Used (also 3 cent G makeup rate stamp)

January 10, 1999
.33
.33
.22
.20
H Stamp Used (also 1 cent H makeup rate stamp)

January 7, 2001
.34
.34
.21
.20
Nondenominated Stamps Used

July 1, 2001
.34
.34
.23
.21
Nondenominated Stamps Used

June 30, 2002
.37
.37
.23
.23
Flag and Antique Toy Stamps Used

January 8, 2006
.39
.39
.24
.24
Lady Liberty Flag Stamp Used

May 14, 2007
.41
1.13
.17
.26
Shape-based postage pricing introduced; Forever stamps introduced; different prices for letters and packages for the first time

May 12, 2008
.42
1.17
.17
.27
Price change announced February 11, 2008

May 11, 2009
.44
1.22
.17
.28
Price change announced February 10, 2009

April 17, 2011
.44
1.71 (3 oz)
.20 (letters)
.17 (packages)
.29
[9]

January 22, 2012
.45
1.95 (3 oz)
.20 (letters)
.17 (packages)
.32

January 27, 2013
.46
2.07 (3 oz)
.20 (letters)
.17 (packages)
.33
Price change announced October 11, 2012

January 26, 2014
.49
2.32 (3 oz)
.21 (letters)
.17 (packages)
.34
Price change announced September 25, 2013[10]

May 31, 2015
.49
2.54 (3 oz)
.22 (letters)
.20 (packages)
.35

April 10, 2016
.47[11]
2.54 (3 oz)
.21 (letters)
.20 (packages)
.34
Price change announced February 25, 2016

January 22, 2017
.49[12]
2.67 (3 oz)[13]
.21 (letters)
.18 (packages)
.34
Price change announced October 12, 2016

text: Historical trend[edit]

text: Taking the above data and plotting it yields the graph shown to the right. The dark plot is the nominal issued price of the stamp and the light plot is the price adjusted for inflation and is shown in 2016 US cents.

text: This plot shows that, despite the rise in the nominal cost of a first-class stamp, the adjusted cost of the stamp has stayed relatively stable. The large jumps in the early 1900s are because a change by a single penny was large compared to the cost of the stamp. For example, the price increase from $0.02 to $0.03 on July 6, 1932 was a 50% increase in cost. Additionally, while the cost of the stamp itself remained fixed, the adjusted price in 2016 dollars was not fixed over time which added to larger jumps in adjusted prices.

text: Historical notes[edit]

text: Domestic parcel post service was adopted in 1913, 25 years after the Post Office had agreed to deliver international parcel post packages pursuant to the Universal Postal Union treaty and various bilateral agreements with other nations.[14] Initially, there were no or few postal regulations governing packages mailed by parcel post. E.g., to construct a bank in Vernal, Utah, in 1916, a Salt Lake City company ascertained that the cheapest way to send 40 tons of bricks to the building was by parcel post.[15]

text: Bulk postal rates were restructured in 1996:[citation needed]

text:
Second Class became Periodicals
Third and Fourth Class Mail became Standard Mail (A) and (B)
Special Fourth Class Mail was renamed Special Standard Mail

tag: ul

text: In 2007, First Class Mail was restructured to include variable pricing based on size, not just on weight. Shape-based postage pricing is a form of dimensional weight. Also at that time, International Parcel Post air service was re-branded as Priority Mail International, and Parcel Post surface service was discontinued for international destinations.[16]

text: Regular Air Mail service began in 1918 and over the years rates varied considerably depending on distance and technology. Domestic Air Mail, as a class of service, officially ended May 1, 1977. By that time all domestic First Class Mail was being dispatched by the most expeditious means, surface or air, whether or not the Air Mail postage had been paid.[citation needed]

text: Additional charges for Special delivery existed from 1885 to 2001. Today, Express Mail Overnight is the most similar service level.[citation needed]

text: During the summer of 2010 the USPS requested the Postal Regulatory Commission to raise the price of a first class stamp by 2 cents, from 44 cents to 46 cents, to take effect January 2, 2011. On September 30, 2010, the PRC formally denied the request, but the USPS filed an appeal with the Federal Court of Appeals in Washington DC.[17][18]

text: On September 25, 2013, the USPS announced a 3 cent increase in the First Class postal rate, to be effective January 26, 2014, increasing the price of a stamp to 49 cents. Bulk mail, periodicals, and package service rates were also increased by 6 percent. A loss of US$5 billion during the 2013 fiscal year was the reason given for the increase.[19]

text: The legislation which set the price to 49 cents was enacted as a temporary measure and as an "exigent surcharge for mailing products and services".[20] However, this legislation was set to expire in April 2016. As a result, the Post Office retained one cent of the price change as a previously allotted adjustment for inflation, but the price of a first class stamp became 47 cents: for the first time in 97 years (and for the third time in the agency's history[21]), the price of a stamp decreased.


document_title: Hyori's Homestay

question_text: hyori bed and breakfast season 2 air date

text: Hyori's Homestay

text: Cast[edit]

text: Main[edit]

text:
Lee Hyori
Lee Sang-soon (ko)

text: Employees[edit]

text: Season 1[edit]

text: IU

text: Season 2[edit]

text:
Im Yoon-ah[4]
Park Bo-gum (Part-time)[5]

text: Guests[edit]

text:
Season 1

[show]Guests
Episode #

Gimhae Girls
1 – 3

The Explorers
2 – 8

Seoul Siblings
4 – 7

Haman Elder Couple
3 – 6

Wangsimni Flower Boys
5 – 8

Seoul Sisters
6 – 8

Seongnam Couple
8 – 10

Jung Dami
9 – 10

Daegu Coworkers
10 – 12

The Police Women
11 – 12

Music Major Students
12 – 13

Incheon Twins
12 – 14

Long Distance Couple
12 – 14

text:
Season 2

[show]Guests
Episode #

The Judo Quintet
2 – 5

Yeon Sisters
3 – 5

Surfer Team
3 – 8

Backpacker Team
5 – 10

Daejeon Fin.K.L
6 – 8

Surgery Team
6 – 8

Father and Son
8 – 11

Wedding Photography Couple
8 – 11

Highschool-friend Soldiers
10 – 11

First Foreigner
12 –

Motorbike Duo
12 –

text: Ratings[edit]

text: In the ratings below, the highest rating for the show will be in red, and the lowest rating for the show will be in blue.

text: Season 1[edit]

text:
Episode #
Broadcast Date
AGB Nielsen Korea[6]

Nationwide
Seoul Capital Area

1
June 25, 2017
5.842%
6.391%

2
July 2, 2017
6.186%
7.250%

3
July 9, 2017
6.984%
8.109%

4
July 16, 2017
6.745%
7.581%

5
July 23, 2017
7.211%
8.035%

6
July 30, 2017
6.172%
6.439%

7
August 6, 2017
7.508%
8.641%

8
August 13, 2017
7.496%
8.134%

9
August 20, 2017
9.995%
11.055%

10
August 27, 2017
7.820%
8.192%

11
September 3, 2017
8.155%
8.893%

12
September 10, 2017
8.448%
9.798%

13
September 17, 2017
8.147%
9.178%

14 (Special)
September 24, 2017
8.080%
9.523%

text: Season 2[edit]

text:
Episode #
Broadcast Date
AGB Nielsen Korea[6]

Nationwide
Seoul Capital Area

1
February 4, 2018
8.016%
9.116%

2
February 11, 2018
7.726%
8.988%

3
February 18, 2018
4.669%
5.195%

4
February 25, 2018
6.718%
7.570%

5
March 4, 2018
7.142%
8.129%

6
March 11, 2018
9.157%
11.156%

7
March 18, 2018
10.750%
12.162%

8
March 25, 2018
8.329%
10.173%

9
April 1, 2018
7.178%
8.674%

10
April 8, 2018
7.395%
8.940%

11
April 15, 2018
6.543%
7.341%

12
April 22, 2018
6.929%
7.625%

13
April 29, 2018

14 (Special)
May 6, 2018

text:
Episode 6 marks Park Bo-gum's arrival as part-time worker. At the time, it is the highest-rated variety show episode of its network JTBC.[7]
Episode 7 overtook episode 6's record and received double-digit ratings. It registered the highest audience share for both seasons of the show.[8] Chief Producer Yoon Hyun-joon stated, "I cannot deny that there is a "Park Bo-gum effect" on the ratings."[9]

text: Awards and nominations[edit]

text:
Year
Award
Category
Recipient
Result
Ref.

2018
54th Baeksang Arts Awards
Best Entertainment Program
Hyori's Homestay
Pending
[10]