document_title: List of countries and dependencies by population

question_text: what is the rank of pakistan in population

text: Method[edit]

text: Figures used in this chart are based on the most up to date estimate or projections[2] by the national census authority where available, and are usually rounded off. Where updated national data are not available, figures are based on the projections for 2017 by the Population Division of the United Nations Department of Economic and Social Affairs.[3]

text: Because the compiled figures are not collected at the same time in every country, or at the same level of accuracy, the resulting numerical comparisons may create misleading conclusions. Furthermore, the addition of figures from all countries may not equal the world total. A handful of nations have not conducted a census in over 30 years, providing high error margin estimates only.

text: Areas that form integral parts of sovereign states, such as the countries of the United Kingdom, are counted as part of the sovereign states concerned. Not included are other entities, such as the European Union,[Note 1] that are not sovereign states, and independent territories that do not have permanent populations, such as various countries' claims to Antarctica.

text: Sovereign states and dependencies by population[edit]

text: Note: All dependent territories or constituent countries that are parts of sovereign states are shown in italics.

text:
Rank
Country
(or dependent territory)
Population
Date
% of world
population
Source

1
 China[Note 2]
1,387,140,000
October 26, 2017
18.3%
2016 China Statistical Yearbook

2
 India
1,323,060,000
October 26, 2017
17.5%
Official population clock

3
 United States[Note 3]
325,998,000
October 26, 2017
4.3%
Official population clock

4
 Indonesia
261,890,900
July 1, 2017
3.46%
Official annual projection

5
 Pakistan
209,365,000
October 26, 2017
2.76%
Pakistan Bureau of Statistics

6
 Brazil
208,177,000
October 26, 2017
2.75%
Official population clock

7
 Nigeria
193,500,543
July 1, 2016
2.55%
Official annual projection

8
 Bangladesh
163,370,000
October 26, 2017
2.16%
Official population clock

9
 Russia[Note 4]
146,837,301
September 1, 2017
1.94%
Official estimate

10
 Japan
126,670,000
September 1, 2017
1.67%
Monthly provisional estimate

11
 Mexico
123,364,426
July 1, 2017
1.62%
Official projection

12
 Philippines
104,793,000
October 26, 2017
1.38%
Official population clock

13
 Egypt
95,924,400
October 26, 2017
1.27%
Official population clock

14
 Ethiopia
94,352,000
July 1, 2017
1.25%
Official Projection

15
 Vietnam
93,700,000
July 1, 2017
1.24%
Annual official projection

16
 Germany
82,800,000
December 31, 2016
1.09%
Provisional official annual estimate

17
 Democratic Republic of the Congo
81,339,988
July 1, 2017
1.09%
UN Projection

18
 Iran
80,905,700
October 26, 2017
1.07%
Official population clock

19
 Turkey
79,814,871
December 31, 2016
1.05%
Annual official estimate

20
 Thailand
69,037,513
July 1, 2017
0.91%
UN Projection

21
 France[Note 5]
67,158,000
October 1, 2017
0.89%
Monthly official estimate

22
 United Kingdom[Note 6]
65,648,000
July 1, 2016
0.87%
Official mid-year estimate

23
 Italy
60,518,005
May 31, 2017
0.8%
Official estimate

24
 Tanzania[Note 7]
57,310,000
July 1, 2017
0.76%
UN projection

25
 South Africa
56,521,900
July 1, 2017
0.75%
Annual official estimate

26
 Myanmar
53,370,609
July 1, 2017
0.7%
UN projection

27
 South Korea
51,446,201
July 1, 2017
0.68%
Annual official estimate

28
 Kenya
49,699,862
July 1, 2017
0.66%
UN projection

29
 Colombia
49,465,400
October 26, 2017
0.653%
Official population clock

30
 Spain
46,528,966
January 1, 2017
0.61%
Official estimate

31
 Argentina
44,044,811
July 1, 2017
0.58%
Official annual projection

32
 Ukraine[Note 8]
42,444,919
September 1, 2017
0.56%
Monthly official estimate

33
 Algeria
41,697,498
July 1, 2017
0.55%
Official annual projection

34
 Sudan
40,782,742
July 1, 2017
0.54%
Official annual projection

35
 Poland
38,426,000
July 1, 2017
0.51%
Official estimate

36
 Iraq
38,274,618
July 1, 2017
0.49%
UN projection

37
 Uganda
37,673,800
July 1, 2017
0.5%
Official annual projection

38
 Canada
36,699,000
October 26, 2017
0.484%
Official estimate

39
 Morocco[Note 9]
34,473,700
October 26, 2017
0.455%
Official annual projection

40
 Saudi Arabia
34,135,000
July 1, 2017
0.45%
Official estimate

41
 Uzbekistan
32,345,000
July 1, 2017
0.42%
Official population report

42
 Malaysia
32,265,700
October 26, 2017
0.426%
Official population clock

43
 Peru
31,826,018
July 1, 2017
0.42%
Official annual projection

44
 Venezuela
31,431,164
July 1, 2017
0.41%
Official annual projection

45
 Afghanistan
29,724,323
July 1, 2017
0.39%
Annual official estimate

46
 Ghana
28,956,587
July 1, 2017
0.38%
Official annual projection

47
 Nepal
28,825,709
July 1, 2017
0.38%
Official annual projection

48
 Angola
28,359,634
January 1, 2017
0.37%
Official Estimate

49
 Yemen
28,250,000
July 1, 2017
0.37%
UN projection

50
 Mozambique
27,128,530
July 1, 2017
0.36%
Annual official projection

51
 Madagascar
25,571,000
July 1, 2017
0.34%
UN projection

52
 North Korea
25,491,000
July 1, 2017
0.34%
UN projection

53
 Australia
24,695,700
October 26, 2017
0.326%
Official population clock

54
 Ivory Coast
24,295,000
July 1, 2017
0.32%
UN projection

55
 Taiwan[Note 10]
23,557,467
September 31, 2017
0.31%
Monthly official estimate

56
 Cameroon
23,248,044
January 1, 2017
0.31%
Annual official projection

57
 Niger
21,477,348
July 1, 2017
0.28%
UN projection

58
 Sri Lanka
21,203,000
July 1, 2016
0.28%
Official estimate

59
 Romania
19,638,000
January 1, 2017
0.26%
Annual official estimate

60
 Burkina Faso
19,632,147
July 1, 2017
0.26%
Annual official projection

61
 Malawi
18,622,000
July 1, 2017
0.25%
UN Projection

62
 Mali
18,542,000
July 1, 2017
0.24%
UN projection

63
 Syria
18,270,000
July 1, 2017
0.24%
UN projection

64
 Kazakhstan
18,074,100
September 1, 2017
0.24%
Official estimate

65
 Chile
17,373,831
August 31, 2017
0.24%
Preliminary 2017 Census Results

66
 Netherlands
17,166,200
October 26, 2017
0.227%
Official population clock

67
 Ecuador
16,838,700
October 26, 2017
0.222%
Official population clock

68
 Zambia
16,405,229
July 1, 2017
0.22%
Official annual projection

69
 Guatemala
16,176,133
July 1, 2015
0.21%
Official estimate

70
 Cambodia
15,848,495
July 1, 2017
0.21%
Official annual projection

71
 Senegal
15,256,346
January 1, 2017
0.2%
Official annual projection

72
 Chad
14,900,000
July 1, 2017
0.2%
UN projection

73
 Somalia[Note 11]
14,743,000
July 1, 2017
0.19%
UN projection

74
 Zimbabwe
14,542,235
July 1, 2017
0.19%
Official annual projection

75
 Guinea
12,717,176
July 1, 2017
0.17%
UN projection

76
 South Sudan
12,575,714
July 1, 2017
0.17%
UN projection

77
 Rwanda
11,809,300
July 1, 2017
0.16%
Official projection (medium scenario)

78
 Belgium
11,370,968
August 1, 2017
0.15%
Monthly official estimate

79
 Tunisia
11,304,482
July 1, 2016
0.15%
Official estimate

80
 Cuba
11,239,224
December 31, 2016
0.15%
Annual official estimate

81
 Greece
11,183,716
January 1, 2016
0.14%
Official estimate

82
 Bolivia
11,145,770
July 1, 2017
0.15%
Official Estimate

83
 Benin
11,002,578
July 1, 2017
0.15%
Official projection

84
 Haiti
10,911,819
March 31, 2015
0.14%
Official estimate

85
 Czech Republic
10,588,063
June 30, 2017
0.14%
Official quarterly estimate

86
 Burundi
10,400,938
July 1, 2017
0.14%
Official annual projection

87
 Portugal
10,309,573
December 31, 2016
0.14%
Annual official estimate

88
 Dominican Republic
10,169,172
July 1, 2017
0.13%
Official projection

89
 Sweden
10,081,396
August 31, 2017
0.13%
Official monthly estimate

90
 Jordan
9,998,270
October 26, 2017
0.132%
Official population clock

91
 Azerbaijan
9,867,250
September 1, 2017
0.13%
Official estimate

92
 Hungary
9,799,000
January 1, 2017
0.13%
Annual official estimate

93
 Belarus
9,495,500
July 1, 2017
0.13%
Official quarterly estimate

94
 United Arab Emirates
9,427,000
October 23, 2017
0.12%
UN projection

95
 Honduras
8,866,351
July 1, 2017
0.12%
Official annual projection

96
 Tajikistan
8,829,300
July 1, 2017
0.12%
Official estimate

97
 Austria
8,794,267
July 1, 2017
0.12%
Quarterly provisional figure

98
 Israel
8,762,760
October 26, 2017
0.116%
Official population clock

99
 Switzerland
8,448,585
June 30, 2017
0.11%
Quarterly provisional figure

100
 Papua New Guinea
8,151,300
July 1, 2016
0.11%
Annual official estimate

–
 Hong Kong (China)
7,389,500
July 1, 2017
0.098%
Official estimate

101
 Togo
7,178,000
July 1, 2017
0.095%
Official estimate

102
 Bulgaria
7,101,859
December 31, 2016
0.094%
Official estimate

103
 Sierra Leone
7,075,641
December 4, 2015
0.093%
Preliminary 2015 census result

104
 Serbia[Note 12]
7,058,322
June 30, 2016
0.093%
Annual official estimate

105
 Paraguay
6,953,646
January 1, 2017
0.092%
Official estimate

106
 El Salvador
6,581,940
July 1, 2017
0.087%
Official projection

107
 Laos
6,492,400
March 1, 2015
0.086%
Preliminary 2015 census result

108
 Libya
6,374,616
July 1, 2017
0.084%
UN projection

109
 Nicaragua
6,305,956
July 1, 2017
0.083%
Official estimate

110
 Kyrgyzstan
6,140,200
January 1, 2017
0.081%
Official estimate

111
 Lebanon
6,082,000
July 1, 2017
0.08%
UN projection

112
 Denmark
5,760,694
July 1, 2017
0.076%
Official quarterly estimate

113
 Turkmenistan
5,758,000
July 1, 2017
0.076%
UN projection

114
 Singapore
5,612,300
July 1, 2017
0.074%
Official estimate

115
 Finland
5,509,984
September 30, 2017
0.073%
Monthly official estimate

116
 Slovakia
5,435,343
December 31, 2016
0.072%
Official estimate

117
 Norway
5,277,762
July 1, 2017
0.07%
Official quarterly estimate

118
 Republic of the Congo
5,261,000
July 1, 2017
0.069%
UN projection

119
 Central African Republic
4,659,080
July 1, 2017
0.061%
UN projection

120
 Eritrea
5,069,000
July 1, 2017
0.067%
UN projection

121
 Costa Rica
4,947,490
June 30, 2017
0.065%
Official estimate

122
 New Zealand
4,828,740
October 26, 2017
0.0637%
Official population clock

–
 Palestine
4,816,503
July 1, 2016
0.064%
Official estimate

123
 Ireland
4,757,976
July 14, 2016
0.063%
Preliminary 2016 census result

124
 Oman
4,573,075
February 1, 2017
0.06%
Official estimate

125
 Liberia
4,289,520
July 1, 2017
0.057%
Official projection[Note 13]

126
 Croatia
4,154,213
December 31, 2016
0.055%
Annual official estimate

127
 Kuwait
4,132,415
July 1, 2016
0.055%
Official estimate

128
 Panama
4,037,043
July 1, 2016
0.053%
Official estimate

129
 Mauritania
3,806,719
July 1, 2017
0.05%
Annual official projection

130
 Georgia[Note 14]
3,718,200
January 1, 2017
0.049%
Annual official estimate

131
 Moldova[Note 15]
3,550,900
January 1, 2017
0.047%
Official estimate

132
 Bosnia and Herzegovina
3,518,000
July 1, 2015
0.046%
Official estimate

133
 Uruguay
3,493,205
June 30, 2017
0.046%
Annual official projection

–
 Puerto Rico (U.S.)
3,411,307
July 1, 2016
0.045%
Official estimate

134
 Mongolia
3,176,050
October 26, 2017
0.042%
Official population clock

135
 Armenia
2,979,900
July 1, 2017
0.039%
Official quarterly estimate

136
 Albania
2,876,591
January 1, 2017
0.038%
Annual official estimate

137
 Lithuania
2,814,696
October 1, 2017
0.037%
Monthly official estimate

138
 Jamaica
2,730,894
December 31, 2016
0.036%
Official estimate

139
 Qatar
2,634,234
September 31, 2017
0.035%
Monthly official estimate

140
 Namibia
2,368,747
July 1, 2017
0.031%
Official projection

141
 Botswana
2,230,905
July 1, 2016
0.029%
Official annual projection

142
 Lesotho
2,233,000
July 1, 2017
0.029%
UN projection

143
 The Gambia
2,101,000
July 1, 2017
0.028%
UN projection

144
 Macedonia
2,073,702
December 31, 2016
0.027%
Official estimate

145
 Slovenia
2,065,895
January 1, 2017
0.027%
Official estimate

146
 Latvia
1,933,200
October 1, 2017
0.026%
Monthly official estimate

–
 Kosovo[Note 16]
1,836,978
January 1, 2016
0.024%
Official annual projection

147
 Gabon
1,811,079
June 2, 2016
0.024%
Estimate (press release)

148
 Guinea-Bissau
1,553,822
July 1, 2017
0.021%
Official annual projection

149
 Bahrain
1,451,200
July 1, 2017
0.019%
Official annual projection

150
 Trinidad and Tobago
1,353,895
July 1, 2016
0.018%
Official estimate

151
 Estonia
1,352,320
January 1, 2017
0.017%
Official estimate

152
 Mauritius
1,263,820
December 31, 2016
0.017%
Official estimate

153
 Equatorial Guinea
1,222,442
July 4, 2015
0.016%
Preliminary 2015 census result

154
 East Timor
1,167,242
July 11, 2015
0.015%
Preliminary 2015 census result

155
 Swaziland
1,132,657
July 1, 2016
0.015%
Official projection

156
 Djibouti
956,985
July 1, 2017
0.013%
UN projection

157
 Fiji
869,458
July 1, 2015
0.011%
Annual official estimate

158
 Cyprus
848,300
December 31, 2015
0.011%
Official estimate

159
 Comoros
806,153
July 1, 2016
0.011%
Official estimate

160
 Bhutan
792,680
October 26, 2017
0.01%
Official population clock

161
 Guyana
746,900
July 1, 2013
0.0099%
Official estimate

–
 Macau (China)
648,300
March 31, 2017
0.0086%
Official quarterly estimate

162
 Solomon Islands
642,000
July 1, 2015
0.0085%
Annual official estimate

163
 Montenegro
622,387
January 1, 2017
0.0082%
Official estimate

164
 Luxembourg
590,667
January 1, 2017
0.0078%
Official estimate

–
 Western Sahara[Note 17]
552,628
July 1, 2017
0.0073%
UN projection

165
 Suriname
541,638
August 13, 2012
0.0071%
Final 2012 census result

166
 Cape Verde
531,239
July 1, 2016
0.007%
Official annual projection

–
 Transnistria[Note 18]
475,665
October 15, 2015
0.0063%
Preliminary 2015 census result

167
 Malta
429,344
December 31, 2014
0.0057%
Official estimate

168
 Brunei
417,200
July 1, 2015
0.0055%
Official estimate

169
 Belize
380,010
October 1, 2016
0.005%
Official estimate

170
 Bahamas
378,040
July 1, 2016
0.005%
Official projection

171
 Maldives
344,023
September 20, 2014
0.0045%
Preliminary 2014 census result

172
 Iceland
343,960
June 30, 2017
0.0045%
Official quarterly estimate

–
 Northern Cyprus[Note 19]
313,626
June 30, 2014
0.0041%
Official estimate

173
 Barbados
285,719
July 1, 2017
0.0038%
UN projection

174
 Vanuatu
277,500
July 1, 2015
0.0037%
Annual official estimate

–
 French Polynesia (France)
271,800
December 31, 2014
0.0036%
Official estimate

–
 New Caledonia (France)
268,767
August 26, 2014
0.0035%
Preliminary 2014 census result

–
 Abkhazia[Note 20]
240,705
February 28, 2011
0.0032%
2011 census result

175
 Samoa
196,315
January 1, 2017
0.0026%
Official projection

176
 São Tomé and Príncipe
187,356
May 13, 2012
0.0025%
2012 census result

177
 Saint Lucia
178,844
July 1, 2017
0.0024%
UN projection

–
 Guam (U.S.)
184,200
July 1, 2015
0.0024%
Annual official estimate

–
 Curaçao (Netherlands)
160,337
January 1, 2017
0.0021%
Annual official estimate

–
 Artsakh[Note 21]
150,932
December 1, 2015
0.002%
Preliminary 2015 census result

178
 Kiribati
113,400
July 1, 2015
0.0015%
Annual official estimate

–
 Aruba (Netherlands)
110,882
June 30, 2017
0.0015%
Official quarterly estimate

179
 Saint Vincent and the Grenadines
109,991
June 12, 2012
0.0015%
Preliminary 2012 census result

–
 United States Virgin Islands (U.S.)
104,901
July 1, 2017
0.0014%
UN projection

–
 Jersey (UK)
104,200
December 31, 2016
0.0014%
Annual official estimate

180
 Grenada
103,328
May 12, 2011
0.0014%
2011 census result

181
 Tonga
103,252
November 30, 2011
0.0014%
2011 census result

182
 Federated States of Micronesia
102,800
July 1, 2015
0.0014%
Annual official estimate

183
 Seychelles
94,205
December 31, 2016
0.0012%
Official estimate

184
 Antigua and Barbuda
100,963
May 27, 2016
0.0011%
[world bank]

–
 Isle of Man (UK)
83,314
2016
0.0011%
2016 census result

185
 Andorra
78,264
December 31, 2016
0.001%
Annual official estimate

186
 Dominica
71,293
May 14, 2011
0.00094%
Preliminary 2011 census result

–
 Guernsey (UK)
62,723
March 31, 2016
0.00083%
Official estimate

–
 Bermuda (UK)
61,954
July 1, 2013
0.00082%
Official estimate

–
 Cayman Islands (UK)
60,413
December 31, 2015
0.0008%
Official estimate

–
 American Samoa (U.S.)
57,100
July 1, 2015
0.00075%
Annual official estimate

–
 Northern Mariana Islands (U.S.)
56,940
July 1, 2015
0.00075%
Annual official estimate

–
 Greenland (Denmark)
56,483
September 14, 2016
0.00074%
Annual official estimate

187
 Marshall Islands
54,880
July 1, 2015
0.00072%
Annual official estimate

–
 South Ossetia[Note 22]
53,532
October 15, 2015
0.00071%
Preliminary 2015 census result

–
 Faroe Islands (Denmark)
50,451
August 1, 2017
0.00067%
Monthly official estimate

188
 Saint Kitts and Nevis
46,204
May 15, 2011
0.00061%
2011 census result

–
 Sint Maarten (Netherlands)
39,410
January 1, 2016
0.00052%
Official estimate

189
 Liechtenstein
37,815
December 31, 2016
0.0005%
Semi annual official estimate

190
 Monaco
37,550
December 31, 2016
0.0005%
Annual official estimate

–
 Saint-Martin (France)
36,457
January 1, 2015
0.00048%
Annual official estimate

191
 San Marino
33,230
June 30, 2017
0.00044%
Monthly official estimate

–
 Gibraltar (UK)
33,140
December 31, 2014
0.00044%
Annual official estimate

–
 Turks and Caicos Islands (UK)
31,458
January 25, 2012
0.00042%
2012 census result

–
 British Virgin Islands (UK)
28,514
July 1, 2013
0.00038%
Official estimate

–
 Cook Islands (NZ)
18,100
March 1, 2016
0.00024%
Official quarterly estimate

192
 Palau
17,950
July 1, 2015
0.00024%
Annual official estimate

–
 Anguilla (UK)
13,452
May 11, 2011
0.00018%
Preliminary 2011 census result

–
 Wallis and Futuna (France)
11,750
July 1, 2015
0.00016%
Annual official estimate

193
 Tuvalu
10,640
November 4, 2012
0.00014%
2012 census result

194
 Nauru
10,084
October 30, 2011
0.00013%
2011 census result

–
 Saint Barthélemy (France)
9,417
January 1, 2015
0.00012%
Annual official estimate

–
 Saint Pierre and Miquelon (France)
6,286
January 1, 2015
0.000083%
Annual official estimate

–
 Saint Helena, Ascension
and Tristan da Cunha (UK)
5,633
February 7, 2016
0.000074%
2016 census result

–
 Montserrat (UK)
4,922
May 12, 2011
0.000065%
2011 census result

–
 Falkland Islands (UK)
2,563
April 15, 2012
0.000034%
2012 census result

–
 Norfolk Island (Australia)
2,302
August 9, 2011
0.000030%
2011 census result

–
 Christmas Island (Australia)
2,072
August 9, 2011
0.000027%
2011 census result

–
 Niue (NZ)
1,470
July 1, 2015
0.00002%
Annual official estimate

–
 Tokelau (NZ)
1,411
October 18, 2011
0.000019%
2011 census result

195
 Vatican City
800
January 1, 2014
0.000011%
Official estimate

–
 Cocos (Keeling) Islands (Australia)
550
August 9, 2011
0.0000073%
2011 census result

–
 Pitcairn Islands (UK)
57
July 1, 2014
0.00000075%
Official estimate


document_title: List of Shadowhunters episodes

question_text: when does shadowhunters season 2 episode 17 come out

root

text: List of Shadowhunters episodes

text: Series overview[edit]

text:
Season
Episodes
Originally aired

First aired
Last aired

1
13
January 12, 2016 (2016-01-12)
April 5, 2016 (2016-04-05)

2
20
January 2, 2017 (2017-01-02)
August 14, 2017 (2017-08-14)

3
20[4]
April 3, 2018 (2018-04-03)[4]
TBA

tag: table

text: Episodes[edit]

text: Season 1 (2016)[edit]

text:
No.
overall
No. in
season
Title
Directed by
Written by
Original air date
Prod.
code
U.S. viewers
(millions)

1
1
"The Mortal Cup"
McG
Ed Decter
January 12, 2016 (2016-01-12)
267314-1
1.82[5]

On Clary Fray's eighteenth birthday, her mother, Jocelyn, is kidnapped. Soon after, Clary discovers that her mother belongs to a supernatural group called Shadowhunters, a half-angel/half-human race tasked to protect the Downworld (faeries, werewolves, vampires, and warlocks) from demons. Clary learns she also belongs to this race, after being saved by a fellow Shadowhunter named Jace – who then introduces her to his adoptive siblings Alec and Isabelle. Clary overhears her mother's friend, Luke, claim that he cares nothing about her or her mother. Clary is at a crossroads not knowing who to trust – her best friend Simon or the Shadowhunters – to help save Jocelyn from Valentine, a dangerous rogue Shadowhunter.

2
2
"The Descent Into Hell Isn't Easy"
Mick Garris
Ed Decter & Hollie Overton
January 19, 2016 (2016-01-19)[a]
267314-2
1.01[7]

The Circle has returned, as has Valentine. With the Shadowhunters searching for the Mortal Cup, the Institute is on alert. After Hodge tells Clary that Jocelyn was once a Circle member, they realize Clary's significance in the cause. Jace realizes Clary's memories are the only way to find Jocelyn and the Cup. Unfortunately, without her memories they are unable to help her or the Shadowhunter team. Thus Jace, Isabelle and a reluctant Alec take Clary and Simon to visit the powerful Silent Brothers in the City of Bones, where Clary fails to retrieve any memories but finds out her biological father is Valentine himself. Meanwhile, Luke is worried about Clary's whereabouts, while Simon comes to terms with Clary's new life and gets kidnapped by vampires.

3
3
"Dead Man's Party"
Andy Wolk
Marjorie David
January 26, 2016 (2016-01-26)
267314-3
0.98[8]

The Shadowhunters plan to rescue Simon, who has been taken captive by vampires in exchange for the Mortal Cup. Jace, Isabelle, Alec and Clary locate Simon's whereabouts to the Hotel Dumort, where he is being held by Camille Belcourt, Raphael Santiago and the rest of Camille's outfit. Alec and Jace have a dispute over Clary and her loyalty, since her father is their enemy. Isabelle visits Meliorn, her Seelie lover, in order to extract information about the Hotel Dumort, so the group can get into the building unnoticed. The Shadowhunters retrieve Simon and he is reunited with Clary, but he appears to be turning into a vampire after drinking Camille's blood.

4
4
"Raising Hell"
Tawnia McKiernan
Michael Reisz
February 2, 2016 (2016-02-02)
267314-4
0.96[9]

Simon quarrels with Jace and leaves the Institute. The Shadowhunters lure warlock Magnus Bane out of hiding with a prized necklace, in order to gain his help in retrieving Clary's memories. Magnus informs them that he fed the memories to a memory demon for safekeeping. The Shadowhunters track Magnus to his lair, where the Circle has attacked. Magnus transports the group to his loft, where they summon the demon. Alec's personal insecurities about his feelings for Jace disrupt the ritual when they are each asked to relinquish a beloved memory, forcing Clary to kill the demon before recovering any memories. Meanwhile, Simon is plagued with visions of Camille, and ends up returning to the Hotel Dumort.

5
5
"Moo Shu to Go"
Kelly Makin
Angel Dean Lopez
February 9, 2016 (2016-02-09)
267314-5
0.95[10]

The Lightwood family matriarch, Maryse, arrives at the Institute with a Seelie intel mission for Isabelle and Jace. Alec is ordered to watch over Clary, but she escapes the Institute for her old apartment to locate her mother's secret box – that once belonged to a "Jonathan Clark". Clary and Simon are subsequently kidnapped by werewolves while searching the apartment, to Alec's chagrin. Clary is interrogated about the location of the Mortal Cup, and the alpha werewolf threatens to kill Simon if she does not reveal the information. Jace, Isabelle and Alec then head to rescue the two, after Simon calls for help. The Shadowhunters are assisted in their escape by an unlikely ally – werewolf Luke, who defeats his alpha and assumes the title.

6
6
"Of Men and Angels"
Oz Scott
Y. Shireen Razack
February 16, 2016 (2016-02-16)
267314-6
0.98[11]

Clary, Jace and Simon take a mortally wounded Luke to Magnus for help. At Luke's insistence, Magnus informs Clary of the Circle's past and her mother's involvement with the group. Meanwhile, Robert Lightwood arrives at the Institute, and he and Maryse task Isabelle with mending the Seelies' broken ties with the Clave and restoring the family name. When Isabelle informs Alec that their parents plan to marry him off, he angrily leaves the Institute for Magnus' loft. There, he, Magnus and the others save Luke's life with magic. Luke informs Clary that she had a brother, Jonathan Christopher, who died in a fire caused by Valentine. Clary then discovers one of her powers, making her realize she knows the whereabouts of Mortal Cup.

7
7
"Major Arcana"
J. Miles Dale
Peter Binswanger
February 23, 2016 (2016-02-23)
267314-7
0.84[12]

Clary reveals that the Cup is hidden in a tarot card that Luke took for safekeeping. When Luke goes to retrieve it from his desk at the precinct, he is detained by internal affairs officers due to demonic murders whose real killer was Valentine. While being questioned about his part in the demonic murders, Luke's boss is killed by a shapeshifter. Clary, Jace, Isabelle and Alec enact a plan to obtain the Cup, but are tracked by demons. When a demon posing as Jace attempts to take the Cup from Clary, she kills it. Afterward, Clary and the real Jace share a kiss at the Institute. Meanwhile, Simon's odd behavior worries Maureen and his family, who fear he is on drugs. He returns to the Hotel Dumort looking for answers and is met by Camille.

8
8
"Bad Blood"
Jeremiah S. Chechik
Allison Rymer
March 1, 2016 (2016-03-01)
267314-8
0.87[13]

Raphael arrives at the Institute with Simon, who has been attacked and killed by Camille. He informs Clary that, unless Simon is staked or turned before sunset, his soul will be trapped for eternity. An envoy from the Clave, Lydia Branwell, arrives to temporarily take over the Institute. Valentine sends a Forsaken to attack the werewolf pack, but Luke kills it. While retrieving the corpse from Luke, Lydia inadvertently reveals to Alec that his parents are ex-Circle members. Isabelle performs a pathology test on the Forsaken and finds that it has angel blood. Alec decides to restore his family's honor (due to the current situation) by proposing to Lydia. Later, another Forsaken attacks Hodge and Alec at the Institute, but they eventually defeat it. Clary decides to bury Simon in order for him to turn into a vampire, but he emerges thinking of himself as a monster.

9
9
"Rise Up"
J. Miller Tobin
Hollie Overton
March 8, 2016 (2016-03-08)
267314-9
0.95[14]

Following the Forsaken attack, the Institute is on high alert. Lydia arrests Meliorn for supposedly leaking Shadowhunter information to Valentine. During his interrogation, Meliorn lets slip that Clary is in possession of the Mortal Cup. Jace, Isabelle and Clary decide to take matters into their own hands to prevent the Cup from reaching the Clave. With the help of Magnus, the three Shadowhunters sneak the Cup out of the Institute. Later, Isabelle, Clary, Jace, Simon, Luke and Raphael team up to rescue Meliorn from his impending torture in the City of Bones. Afterward, Meliorn informs Clary that he can help find her father. Meanwhile, Alec's siding with Lydia and the Clave causes rifts with his personal relationships, and Simon makes peace with his newfound status as a vampire.

10
10
"This World Inverted"
J. Miles Dale
Y. Shireen Razack
March 15, 2016 (2016-03-15)
267314-10
0.78[15]

Meliorn takes Clary and Jace to the Seelie realm where he reveals a portal to an alternate dimension. He tells Clary that if she locates another portal within this dimension, she will be transported to her father. However, when Clary arrives, she finds that Shadowhunters have ceased to exist in this peaceful world and may assimilate to Clary from that dimension. Jace and Meliorn protect the entrance to the dimension from demons, but when one slips through, Jace ventures in to stop it. With the help of Magnus, Clary finds the portal at the Institute, and she and Jace step through it. When they arrive at Valentine's hideout, they discover Jace's father, Micheal Wayland, assumed to be dead, is being held captive there. Meanwhile, in reality, Isabelle is arrested for the Meliorn mission, much to the anguish of Alec, who tries in vain to prevent her from going on trial.

11
11
"Blood Calls to Blood"
Mairzee Almas
Marjorie David
March 22, 2016 (2016-03-22)
267314-11
0.78[16]

Clary, Jace and Michael Wayland head to Luke's for help. While there, Michael discloses the location of Valentine's new hideout – an abandoned hospital in Long Island. Jace, Michael, Luke and Clary go to rescue a still-unconscious Jocelyn, but are surrounded by demons. Michael takes the Mortal Cup to command the demons, but then reveals himself to be Valentine in disguise. Clary subsequently reveals that Valentine is holding a duplicate Cup. Before fleeing through a portal, he informs Clary and Jace that they are siblings. Meanwhile, Isabelle's trial begins, with Magnus as her defense attorney. During questioning, Lydia states that the trial is nonsense and withdraws the charges, but Inquisitor Herondale states that Isabelle will still be banished from Shadowhunter society if the Clave does not receive the Cup within 24 hours. Jace and Clary arrive back at the Institute with the Cup, dropping the charges against Isabelle.

12
12
"Malec"
James Marshall
Michael Reisz
March 29, 2016 (2016-03-29)
267314-12
0.82[17]

Jace is conflicted with his feelings for his sister Clary, and Alec is conflicted with his feelings for Magnus in the lead up to his wedding. Isabelle throws her brother a bachelor party, where Alec and Jace mend their broken bond. Meanwhile, Jace, Clary and Magnus visit Ragnor Fell for help on waking Jocelyn, but a demon kills Ragnor after he mentions that the Book of the White holds the antidote. During the wedding ceremony, Magnus arrives (whom Isabelle had secretly invited), making Alec realize he cannot go through with the marriage. After apologizing to an understanding Lydia, he approaches Magnus and kisses him in front of the guests. Later, Maryse expresses her disappointment in Alec, though Robert offers support. Magnus finds that the Book of the White is in Camille's possession. Packing up to head back to Idris, Lydia retrieves the Cup from a safe but is attacked by Hodge. It is revealed that Hodge stole the Cup for Valentine in order to be freed from his binding curse.

13
13
"Morning Star"
J. Miles Dale
Peter Binswanger
April 5, 2016 (2016-04-05)
267314-13
0.76[18]

The Shadowhunters find out that Hodge has fled with the Mortal Cup. Now in possession of the Cup, Valentine begins creating his Shadowhunter army. Jace and Alec hunt down Hodge with Luke's help. Jace finds him and the two battle, with Jace chopping off Hodge's hand. Jace then goes after Valentine on his own. Meanwhile, Clary, Isabelle and Simon visit the Hotel Dumort to ask Camille about the Book of the White. The three eventually break her out from her prison (as a punishment to turn Simon into a vampire) so she can take them to it. Clary, Simon, Isabelle and Camille arrive at Magnus' loft, where the warlock drafts a contract stating Simon asked to be turned into a vampire, a requirement of Camille's in exchange for her help. The group then heads to Camille's apartment, where they find the Book but are ambushed by the Circle. Jace arrives to fight Valentine, but ultimately joins him in order to protect his friends and save their lives. Back at the Institute, the devastated group wake Jocelyn, who reunites with her daughter and Luke.

text: Jump up ^ The second episode, "The Descent Into Hell Isn't Easy", was released online on January 12, 2016, after the premiere of the first episode.[6]

tag: ol

text: Season 2 (2017)[edit]

text:
No.
overall
No. in
season
Title
Directed by
Written by
Original air date
Prod.
code
U.S. viewers
(millions)

14
1
"This Guilty Blood"
Matt Hastings
Michael Reisz
January 2, 2017 (2017-01-02)
267314-14
1.19[19]

A still-missing Jace is held captive on Valentine's ship. Clave representative Victor Aldertree is instated as the new head of the New York Institute and puts it on lockdown. Clary tells a newly awakened Jocelyn that Jace is her son. Aldertree soon declares Jace a criminal; wanted dead or alive, and Magnus and Alec quarrel over how to retrieve Jace. Valentine tells Jace he experimented on him in-vitro using demon blood. They portal to land, allowing their location to be revealed to the various parties tracking them, including Jocelyn, who attempts to shoot Jace with a crossbow, before he and Valentine escape back to the ship.

15
2
"A Door Into the Dark"
Andy Wolk
Y. Shireen Razack
January 9, 2017 (2017-01-09)
267314-15
0.75[20]

Jocelyn defends her attempt on Jace's life by explaining the effect Valentine's experiments had on him as a baby. Upset, Clary seeks solace at the Brooklyn Academy of Art where she is kidnapped by Dot and taken to Valentine. With Clary missing, Jocelyn offers her assistance to Isabelle and Alec by providing adamas, a metal that can be used to track Jace using his and Alec's bond. Meanwhile at Camille's Indian residence, Simon and Magnus search for the vampire, whom Raphael is being pressured by the Clave to produce, and find some items from Magnus' past. With Dot's help, Jace and Clary flee Valentine's ship, but not before the risky parabatai tracking renders Alec comatose.

16
3
"Parabatai Lost"
Gregory Smith
Peter Binswanger
January 16, 2017 (2017-01-16)
267314-16
0.81[21]

Magnus works to stabilize a failing Alec with magic, but only Jace can save him. After escaping from Valentine's ship, Clary loses Jace and returns to the Institute. Meanwhile, Jace is hunted by werewolves, including a girl named Maia, who believe he has killed one of their own. Isabelle makes a deal with Aldertree in order to find Jace and save Alec's life. Magnus transports Alec to his loft, where Jace arrives to revive him. As the parabatai reunite, Clave representatives appear and arrest Jace for high treason.

17
4
"Day of Wrath"
Joe Lazarov
Jamie Gorenberg
January 23, 2017 (2017-01-23)
267314-17
0.64[22]

Jace is imprisoned in the City of Bones, where he encounters Hodge. Valentine arrives to break him out, but Jace fights back. Valentine kills Hodge and steals the Soul Sword before disappearing. Clary helps Alec and Isabelle search for a powerful demon with the ability to possess others, but it infiltrates the Institute. Meanwhile, Raphael is tortured by Aldertree for Camille's whereabouts and goes to Magnus for help. With Camille's grave dirt found at her house in India, an emotionally conflicted Magnus summons his ex-girlfriend and sends her to the Clave. At the Institute, a possessed Alec kills Jocelyn. The demon then inhabits Isabelle but Clary breaks its hold and succeeds in killing it.

18
5
"Dust and Shadows"
Salli Richardson-Whitfield
Zac Hug
January 30, 2017 (2017-01-30)
267314-18
0.58[23]

Jace is freed from the City of Bones, but Aldertree, still suspicious of Jace, bans him from the field of duty. Clary seeks the help of a warlock named Iris Rouse to resurrect Jocelyn and swears a blood oath to provide a favor in return for the spell. Isabelle's wound from her possession is not healing, so Aldertree prescribes a drug named yin fen. Iris traps Clary with the intention of claiming her favor: mating her with a demon in order to create more warlocks. Jace, Isabelle, and Alec arrive to save her, but Clary creates a new rune that helps her escape. Simon struggles with his double life as he moves back home and eventually admits his vampirism to his mother, but his confession goes awry and Raphael wipes his mother's memory. The Shadowhunters hold a funeral for Jocelyn, and a distraught Luke wakes naked in the wilderness.

19
6
"Iron Sisters"
Mike Rohl
Allison Rymer
February 6, 2017 (2017-02-06)
267314-19
0.65[24]

Simon and Maia team up to find Luke and begin to form a bond. Alec and Magnus go on their first date and discover a disparity in their romantic pasts. Isabelle and Clary go to the Iron Sisters for help in defeating Valentine and meet Luke's sister, Cleophas. To enter the Citadel, the two must endure a trial which detects demon impurities; Clary passes, but Isabelle fails and is informed that yin fen she has been using is made of vampire venom. Maia and Simon find Luke and convince him to return to the pack. Cleophas tells Clary that the Soul Sword has a second purpose: it can kill all demon-blooded creatures, including Downworlders. Clary shows Cleophas her runic power. Magnus and Alec decide to begin a relationship, despite their differences, but are surprised by Jace's appearance: he has left the Institute due to Aldertree's treatment and asks to stay with Magnus. Later, Cleophas kills Magdelena, an Iron Sister, and activates a Circle rune, indicating her allegiance to Valentine.

20
7
"How Are Thou Fallen"
Ben Bray
Hollie Overton
February 13, 2017 (2017-02-13)
267314-20
0.55[25]

Cleophas tells Valentine of Clary's rune-creating ability, then approaches Luke and Clary, but her brother is unwilling to trust her. Simon goes on a wholly unsuccessful first date with Maia, and Isabelle, now addicted to yin fen, is caught by Magnus at the Hunter's Moon seeking the drug. She convinces Magnus her search is for a mission, and he tells her to go straight to the source: vampires themselves. Clary hears strange noises, and is convinced that Valentine is responsible. Alec, after going to Isabelle for advice, finds Magnus at his loft and the two consummate their relationship. Figuring out the noises Clary is hearing are the distress calls of an angel Valentine is holding captive, Jace, Clary, Luke, and Cleophas infiltrate his lair, and Clary creates a rune to free the angel. The angel shows Clary and Jace a vision of a cloaked figure destroying the Soul Sword.

21
8
"Love is a Devil"
Catriona McKenzie
Y. Shireen Razack
February 20, 2017 (2017-02-20)
267314-21
0.67[26]

Alec asks Magnus to hold his little brother Max's Rune Party at his loft, Magnus agrees. Simon confesses his love for Clary and they start dating. Isabelle is now getting her yin fen fix straight from the source by letting Raphael feed on her. Max's party is in full swing when things take a turn for the worse, and guests begin seeing their fears and insecurities manifest. Magnus determines that they have all been be-spelled by a hostile warlock and undoes the curse. Magnus identifies the culprit as Iris Rouse, captures her and sends her to Idris. However, Iris invokes the blood oath Clary swore her and instructs her to find the warlock child Madzie who has been kidnapped by Valentine. Jace and Clary tell their friends what they have learned of the Soul Sword and of Clary's runic abilities, which Magnus identifies marks her as angel-blooded, and thus able to activate the Soul Sword herself. Maryse tells Alec and Jace their father has been cheating on her.

22
9
"Bound by Blood"
Matt Hastings
Peter Binswanger
February 27, 2017 (2017-02-27)
267314-22
0.52[27]

Clary's hand suddenly begins to burn and turn to stone, a symptom of blood oath she swore to Iris Rouse. Clary goes to Magnus, who tells her that her only cure lies in finding Madzie. Maia, who fears Clary's power to activate the Soul Sword and kill all Downworlders, tries to kill her. A Downworlder council meeting takes place where Meliorn and Raphael both agree that Clary must be killed, while Magnus and Luke disagree. Alec is searching for Isabelle, and Magnus, having figured out her yin fen addiction, sends him to Raphael. Alec discovers Isabelle being fed on, and the siblings quarrel; Magnus also expresses his displeasure with Raphael. Jace tracks Madzie and brings her back to heal Clary, but the young warlock portals Clary to Valentine. Jace and Simon find and save Clary, but Simon is captured by Valentine.

23
10
"By the Light of Dawn"
Joshua Butler
Todd Slavkin & Darren Swimmer
March 6, 2017 (2017-03-06)
267314-23
0.64[28]

Madzie infiltrates the Institute on Valentine's behalf, killing many Shadowhunters, but sparing Alec. Jace, Clary and Luke take Dot to Magnus'. She reveals that Valentine believes that Jace can destroy the Soul Sword and Clary receives a video call from Valentine: he slits Simon's throat to draw her to the Institute. The group head to the Institute, and Clary, who goes to feed Simon to heal him, is revealed to be a glamoured Jace. Magnus finds and comforts Madzie. Jace attempts to destroy the Sword but inadvertently charges it and Valentine activates it as a Downworlder army storms in, killing all of them. Jace and Valentine battle for the Sword outside and it is revealed that Valentine is actually not Jace's father. Alec frantically searches for Magnus in the aftermath, and upon finding him safe, the two profess their love for each other. Simon discovers he can now be in the sunlight without being burned. Valentine is taken into custody as the Soul Sword disappears and is picked up by a strange figure in black.

24
11
"Mea Maxima Culpa"
Matt Hastings
Michael Reisz
June 5, 2017 (2017-06-05)
267314-24
0.71[29]

The Inquisitor Imogen Herondale arrives at the Institute and tortures Valentine for the whereabouts of The Mortal Cup. The Greater Demon Azazel arrives in town also looking for The Cup. The wolves of the New York pack challenge the leadership of their alpha Luke. Isabelle, in the throes of yin fen withdrawal, seeks out Raphael for help, but he refuses to feed on her. She is attacked by Azazel, but is saved by a new Shadowhunter, Sebastian Verlac. Simon talks to Maia about his new ability to survive sunlight. Raphael tells Magnus and Alec about Isabelle coming to him; Alec thinks that Isabelle has been taken by Azazel. Jace and Clary go to Valentine for help finding the Greater Demon, and he reveals they are not related. Luke's new police partner Ollie is suspicious of his actions. Isabelle accompanies Sebastian to his apartment where he gives advice on overcoming yin fen addiction. Upon Alec's request, Magnus summons Azazel, with Valentine as bait. But the demon manages to escape the summoning circle and appears to cast a spell on Magnus and Valentine.

25
12
"You Are Not Your Own"
Bille Woodruff
Jamie Gorenberg
June 12, 2017 (2017-06-12)
267314-25
0.55[30]

Azazel has cast a body-swapping spell on Magnus and Valentine. Isabelle brings Sebastian back to the institute to help catch the still-at-large Azazel; Alec heads to Magnus' loft for help with tracking the demon. When Alec arrives, Azazel attacks him but is vanquished, leaving Valentine and Magnus trapped in one another's bodies. Magnus, in Valentine's body, is locked up in the Institute; he tries to explain the body-swap to Alec, but Alec does not believe him and he is tortured in Valentine's place for information about the Mortal Cup. Simon fights with Raphael over revealing how he became a daylighter. Imogen prepares to execute Valentine against Clave orders, but Valentine, masquerading as Magnus, has kidnapped Jace and sends a visual message to the cells revealing that Jace is actually a Herondale; he demands his body be sent to him at Magnus' loft. The demands are met, and the body-swapping spell is undone. At the last second, Clary pushes Valentine, now back in his own body, through a portal back to the cells at the Institute. Alec tries to comfort Magnus in the aftermath.

26
13
"Those of Demon Blood"
Michael Goi
Zac Hug
June 19, 2017 (2017-06-19)
267314-26
0.59[31]

Several Shadowhunters are killed and their runes cut-off. Imogen Herondale appoints Jace as the head of the New York Institute. Alec goes to Magnus loft to get a DNA sample to prove he isn't involved in the killings; the two fight and Magnus demands he leave. Imogen suggests micro-chipping all Downworlders to be constantly aware of their whereabouts, Alec vehemently disagrees, but Jace seems amenable to the idea. Max arrives and Isabelle is appointed his tutor. Clary is attacked and injured but Simon rescues her and takes her to the Institute. Jace heads to the Hunter's Moon to begin chipping werewolves and he and Maia get into a physical fight which results in her being chipped. Luke, angered at the Shadowhunters' behaviour, tells Jace to leave. An upset and tipsy Magnus spends some time with Dot. Isabelle meets Raphael for help finding the killer, Max follows her and is kidnapped. With Meliorn's help, they find Max and kill the culprit, a Seelie named Kaelie. Jace appoints Alec head of the Institute. Alec apologises to Magnus, and the two reconcile. Jace, on Alec's orders, de-chips Maia, and the two sleep together.

27
14
"The Fair Folk"
Chris Grismer
Taylor Mallory
June 26, 2017 (2017-06-26)
267314-27
0.67[32]

Alec sends Clary and Jace on a mission to the Seelie Court; Simon insists on joining them. At the Institute, Alec begins the Downworlder Cabinet, a weekly meeting with representatives from the warlocks, vampires, Seelies, and werewolves. Alec discusses the Institute’s new policy of complete transparency with Magnus, Luke, Meliorn and Raphael. Maryse is back in town; her and Isabelle discuss her father’s infidelity and Isabelle’s yin fen addiction. They reconcile. At the Seelie Court, the Seelie Queen drives a wedge between Simon and the Shadowhunters by revealing Clary still harbors feelings for Jace. An unknown individual with a plot to execute Valentine contacts Luke. Luke heads down to the Institute cells to kill Valentine, but is foiled by Sebastian and Alec. Alec decides not to press charges. Isabelle asks Raphael to pursue a relationship with her and he refuses. Sebastian plays piano next to several burner phones on a chair. Hearing a noise from a closet, he threatens a bound man he has kept inside.

28
15
"A Problem of Memory"
Peter DeLuise
Allison Rymer
July 10, 2017 (2017-07-10)
267314-28
0.46[33]

Alec is worried about Magnus’ wellbeing, he questions Magnus, but is assured by the warlock nothing is amiss. Simon breaks up with Clary, and Isabelle comforts her. That night Simon is introduced to a Bleeder's Den, where vampires bite mundanes to get high; a girl is found dead the next morning and Simon worries he may be the culprit. Sebastian's cousin, Aline, arrives at the New York Institute; the man captive in Sebastian’s apartment is revealed to be the real Sebastian. After being arrested by Luke’s police partner Ollie, Simon returns to the Bleeder's Den and stakes the real murderer of the dead girl. As a result of the torture he suffered in Valentine’s body, Magnus is having flashbacks of the night he found his mother, dead. He finally confesses his struggles to Alec, who consoles him. The real Sebastian escapes and tries to warn Aline, but his captor kills him before he can reach her. The Shadowhunters portal Valentine to Idris, but are circumvented with Valentine ending up at Sebastian's apartment. Sebastian's true form is revealed and he calls Valentine "father".

29
16
"Day of Atonement"
Paul Wesley
Peter Binswanger
July 17, 2017 (2017-07-17)
267314-29
0.59[34]

Sebastian holds Valentine captive; he intends to send him to Edom as punishment for Valentine doing the same to him. Jace suspects Valentine is hiding in a cabin in Idris where he spent time during his childhood. Clary draws a portal rune and the two are transported to Lake Lyn in Idris. Jace and Clary lose track of each other and Clary hallucinates the Angel Ithuriel who tells her that Jonathan is alive. Alec senses Jace is in trouble through their parabatai bond and with the help of his father Robert, sends Isabelle to find him. Isabelle finds Jace and together they retrieve Clary and cure her of the hallucinogenic effects of the waters of Lake Lyn. The three look for the cabin only to find it deserted. Robert reveals to Alec that the Clave never recovered the Soul Sword and has been lying to the Downworld. Valentine convinces Sebastian to work with him. With information they found at the cabin, Clary realizes that her real brother Jonathan is still alive.

30
17
"A Dark Reflection"
Jeffrey Hunt
Hollie Overton
July 24, 2017 (2017-07-24)
267314-30
0.60[35]

Sebastian is revealed to be in possession of the Soul Sword, thus with two of the three Mortal Instruments, he and Valentine hunt for the Mortal Mirror. Luke receives a message from Cleophas, still Valentine's captive, that the Clave lied about possessing the Soul Sword; he shares the information with Magnus. Magnus confronts Alec with the news and is furious that it was kept from him. No longer able to trust the Clave, he debates aligning with the Seelie Queen. Isabelle struggles with the fact that Max is growing up and convinces Maia to give a relationship with Simon a chance. Sebastian is torn about his loyalty to Valentine, as it pits him against his sister, Clary. Jace and Clary find out that her mother had hidden The Mortal Mirror. With the help of Dot, they recover it before being attacked by Sebastian. Dot stays behind to give them a chance to escape. Max uses a hair he found to track Jonathan to Sebastian. He challenges Sebastian with this knowledge.

31
18
"Awake, Arise, or Be Forever Fallen"
Amanda Row
Jamie Gorenberg
July 31, 2017 (2017-07-31)
267314-31
0.63[36]

Max lies in a coma following Jonathan's attack and the Institute is put on lockdown when it becomes clear Jonathan is inside. Magnus and Luke meet with the Seelie Queen, who proposes a Downworlder alliance against Valentine, even if it means starting a war with the Shadowhunters. Luke refuses immediately while Magnus is given time to decide. Jonathan steals the Mortal Mirror. Magnus chooses to serve his people over his relationship with Alec and breaks up with him. Clary discovers Sebastian is Jonathan when he fails a test and manages to get the Mirror back before he escapes the Institute. However, her attempt to disarm the Mirror destroys it, and she realizes the real Mirror is Lake Lyn in Idris.

32
19
"Hail and Farewell"
Matt Hastings
Bryan Q. Miller
August 7, 2017 (2017-08-07)
267314-32
0.60[37]

Isabelle, Jace and Clary are trying to take out Valentine and Jonathan but get attacked by a possessing demon. Jace kills the demon. Clary tells the Inquisitor that the Mortal Mirror is Lake Lyn in Idris. The Seelie Queen comes to the institute to meet with the Downworld Council but she refuses to give her support to capture and execute Valentine. Maia and Simon are dating.

33
20
"Beside Still Water"
Matt Hastings
Todd Slavkin & Darren Swimmer
August 14, 2017 (2017-08-14)
267314-33
0.59[38]

The dying Jonathan washed ashore on the shore of Manhattan, and using his blood, he summoned the wraith demons. Meanhwhile, Luke and Simon comes to Magnus after Maia's abduction, and in the final battle, Valentine eventually succedded in summoning Raziel and killed Jace. Clary, in a fit of rage, stabs Valentine, finally killing him. With Raziel's summoning, Clary wishes for Jace's resurrection.Also Magnus and Alec got back & their relationship survived.

text: Season 3[edit]

text:
No.
overall
No. in
season
Title
Directed by
Written by
Original air date
Prod.
code
U.S. viewers
(millions)

34
1
"On Infernal Ground"[39]
Matt Hastings[40]
Todd Slavkin & Darren Swimmer[40]
April 3, 2018 (2018-04-03)[4]
267314-34
TBD

35
2
"The Powers That Be"[41]
Peter DeLuise[42]
Peter Binswanger[42]
TBA
267314-35
TBD

36
3
"What Lies Beneath"[43]
Amanda Row[44]
Alex Schemmer[45]
TBA
267314-36
TBD

37
4
"Thy Soul Instructed"[46]
Emile Levisetti[47]
Jamie Gorenberg[48]
TBA
267314-37
TBD

38
5
"Stronger Than Heaven"[49]
Matt Hastings[50]
TBA
TBA
267314-38
TBD

39
6
TBA
Alexis Korycinski[51]
Aisha Porter-Christie[51]
TBA
TBA
TBD

40
7
TBA
Joshua Butler[52]
Celeste Vasquez[52]
TBA
TBA
TBD

text: Ratings[edit]

text: Season 1 (2016)[edit]

text:
No.
Title
Air date
Rating/share
(18–49)
Viewers
(millions)
DVR
(18–49)
DVR viewers
(millions)
Total
(18–49)
Total viewers
(millions)

1
"The Mortal Cup"
January 12, 2016
0.8
1.82[5]
0.4
0.88
1.2
2.70[53]

2
"The Descent Into Hell Isn't Easy"
January 19, 2016
0.4
1.01[7]
0.3
0.75
0.7
1.76[54]

3
"Dead Man's Party"
January 26, 2016
0.5
0.98[8]
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A

4
"Raising Hell"
February 2, 2016
0.4
0.96[9]
0.4
0.93
0.8
1.89[55]

5
"Moo Shu to Go"
February 9, 2016
0.4
0.95[10]
0.4
0.75
0.8
1.70[56]

6
"Of Men and Angels"
February 16, 2016
0.4
0.98[11]
0.4
N/A
0.8[57]
N/A

7
"Major Arcana"
February 23, 2016
0.4
0.84[12]
0.3
0.72
0.7
1.56[58]

8
"Bad Blood"
March 1, 2016
0.4
0.87[13]
0.3
0.74
0.7
1.61[59]

9
"Rise Up"
March 8, 2016
0.4
0.95[14]
0.3
0.77
0.7
1.72[60]

10
"This World Inverted"
March 15, 2016
0.3
0.78[15]
0.4
0.74
0.7
1.52[61]

11
"Blood Calls to Blood"
March 22, 2016
0.3
0.78[16]
0.3
N/A
0.6[62]
N/A

12
"Malec"
March 29, 2016
0.3
0.82[17]
0.3
N/A
0.6[63]
N/A

13
"Morning Star"
April 5, 2016
0.3
0.76[18]
0.3
N/A
0.6[64]
N/A

text: Season 2 (2017)[edit]

text:
No.
Title
Air date
Rating/share
(18–49)
Viewers
(millions)
DVR
(18–49)
DVR viewers
(millions)
Total
(18–49)
Total viewers
(millions)

1
"This Guilty Blood"
January 2, 2017
0.4
1.19[19]
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A

2
"A Door Into the Dark"
January 9, 2017
0.3
0.75[20]
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A

3
"Parabatai Lost"
January 16, 2017
0.3
0.81[21]
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A

4
"Day of Wrath"
January 23, 2017
0.3
0.64[22]
N/A
0.55
N/A
1.19[65]

5
"Dust and Shadows"
January 30, 2017
0.2
0.58[23]
0.3
N/A
0.5[66]
N/A

6
"Iron Sisters"
February 6, 2017
0.3
0.65[24]
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A

7
"How Are Thou Fallen"
February 13, 2017
0.2
0.55[25]
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A

8
"Love is the Devil"
February 20, 2017
0.3
0.67[26]
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A

9
"Bound by Blood"
February 27, 2017
0.2
0.52[27]
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A

10
"By the Light of Dawn"
March 6, 2017
0.3
0.64[28]
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A

11
"Mea Maxima Culpa"
June 5, 2017
0.3
0.71[29]
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A

12
"You Are Not Your Own"
June 12, 2017
0.2
0.55[30]
0.2
0.44
0.4
0.99[67]

13
"Those of Demon Blood"
June 19, 2017
0.2
0.59[31]
0.2
N/A
0.4[68]
N/A

14
"The Fair Folk"
June 26, 2017
0.3
0.67[32]
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A

15
"A Problem of Memory"
July 10, 2017
0.2
0.46[33]
0.2
0.47
0.4
0.92[69]

16
"Day of Atonement"
July 17, 2017
0.2
0.59[34]
0.2
N/A
0.4[70]
N/A

17
"A Dark Reflection"
July 24, 2017
0.2
0.60[35]
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A

18
"Awake, Arise, or Be Forever Fallen"
July 31, 2017
0.3
0.63[36]
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A

19
"Hail and Farewell"
August 7, 2017
0.2
0.60[37]
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A

20
"Beside Still Water"
August 14, 2017
0.2
0.59[38]
N/A
0.52
N/A
1.11[71]

tag: p


document_title: Lana Lang (Smallville)

question_text: when does lana and clark get back together

text: Lana Lang (Smallville)

text: Role in Smallville[edit]

text: In the first season, Lana and Clark Kent (Tom Welling) are just beginning their friendship, as she is a popular cheerleader dating star quarterback Whitney Fordman (Eric Johnson), and Clark cannot get near her without getting sick from the kryptonite necklace she wears.[2] In the pilot episode, when her parents are killed in the first meteor shower, Lana is adopted by her aunt Nell (Sarah-Jane Redmond). As the first season progresses, Lana grows closer to Clark, while Whitney begins to distance himself because of his father's medical ailments.[3] In season two's episode "Heat" Lana sends Whitney, who left Smallville for the Marines in the season one finale,[4] a video message breaking up with him.[5] Lana's aunt Nell moves to Metropolis with her fiancé in the season two episode "Ryan", but Lana opts to move in with her friend Chloe Sullivan (Allison Mack) so that she may finish high school in Smallville.[6]

text: By the end of season two, Lana and Clark slowly try and start a romantic relationship, but fear backlash from Chloe because of her personal feelings for Clark.[7] Just as the two give in to their feelings fully, Clark unexpectedly runs away from Smallville in the season two finale.[8] At the start of season three, it is shown that Lana, alongside the Kents, has been spending her time searching for Clark; she ultimately finds him in Metropolis thanks to Chloe's help.[9] Clark's actions in Metropolis force the two to rethink their relationship in the season three episode "Phoenix",[10] and Lana eventually begins a new relationship with Adam Knight (Ian Somerhalder), a guy she met while in physical therapy after being trampled by a horse in season three's "Asylum".[11][12] By the season three episode "Crisis", it is discovered that the relationship Adam attempted to form with Lana was just a ploy so that Adam could investigate Clark.[13]

text: Season three's "Forsaken" reveals that Lana, in order to move on with her life, applies and is admitted into a program to study in Paris, France.[14] Season four shows that Lana, while in Paris, began a romantic relationship with Jason Teague (Jensen Ackles). At the beginning of season four, Lana returns to Smallville after receiving a mysterious tattoo on her lower back, which resembles a symbol on the local Kawatche cave walls, when she touched the tomb of Countess Margaret Isobel Theroux.[15] In season four's "Spell" and "Sacred", the tattoo acts as a doorway for the spirit of Isobel to inhabit Lana's body; each time Isobel takes over Lana's body she sets out to find the three stones of knowledge, which are also being searched for by Clark and Lex Luthor (Michael Rosenbaum).[16][17] In the season four finale "Commencement", Lana is confronted by Jason's mother Genevieve (Jane Seymour), who is also after the three stones of knowledge, and during a struggle Isobel comes forward and kills Genevieve. The resulting death of Genevieve, who was revealed to have been the cause for Isobel's death centuries prior in the episode "Bound",[18] releases Isobel's control over Lana.[19]

text: During the second meteor shower, Lana witnesses the landing of an alien spacecraft, and two alien beings emerging and killing everyone in sight in the season five premiere.[20] The spaceship becomes Lana's primary focus in season five, officially teaming up with Lex Luthor to discover the mystery behind the ship in the episode "Splinter".[21] When her relationship with Clark hits a breaking point in season five's "Hypnotic",[22] she begins to grow closer to Lex.[23] The relationship with Lex eventually leads to marriage in the season six episode "Promise", but not before Lana discovers Clark's secret and realizes why he has been lying to her all these years.[24] When she learns that Lex set up a fake pregnancy in order to get her to marry him in the season six finale "Phantom", Lana effectively ends the marriage and fakes her own death to escape Lex after he threatens her. She also frames Lex for her murder, to punish him for his betrayal.[25] It is revealed at the start of season seven that her effort fails, but as part of the "settlement" of their divorce, Lex makes sure that Lana does not go to jail for her actions.[26]

text: With Clark's secret no longer an issue, the two begin a real relationship in the season seven episode "Fierce".[27] Lana becomes obsessed with making Lex pay for all his crimes against humanity, which causes her to develop the Isis Foundation, using $10 million she stole from Lex. The Isis Foundation is a counseling center for kryptonite-infected people, but it doubles as a front for Lana's surveillance on Lex. Her obsessions also begin to affect her relationship with Clark by the episode "Wrath".[28] Eventually, Lana realizes that, even though she loves him, the only way for Clark to help the world to the best of his ability would be if she left Clark and Smallville for good, which she does in the season seven finale.[29]

text: In the season eight episode "Bride", Oliver Queen (Justin Hartley), believing he is tracking Lex Luthor who has been missing since the season seven finale, discovers Lana instead. Oliver convinces her to return to Smallville so that she can attend Chloe's wedding.[30] In the season eight episode "Power", it is revealed that Lana really returned so that she could steal Lex's "Prometheus" technology, which harnesses alien DNA to give the wearer of a "super-suit" superhuman abilities, for herself. By the end of the episode, the procedure is complete, and Lana becomes just as strong and invulnerable as Clark.[31] In the episode "Requiem", Lana discovers that her suit absorbs kryptonite, but also emits the radiation making her a potential danger to Clark. When Winslow Schott puts a kryptonite bomb on the roof of the Daily Planet, Lana is forced to absorb all of the kryptonite to deactivate the bomb. As a result, she leaves Smallville to go on her own quest as Clark can no longer get near her without the kryptonite radiation hurting him.[32]

text: Portrayal[edit]

text: Creators Alfred Gough and Miles Millar were initially trying to find someone for the role of Clark Kent, but Kristin Kreuk was the first to be cast, as Lana Lang. Casting director Coreen Mayrs sent David Nutter, the director of the pilot episode, a tape of 69 people and the second person on the tape was Kreuk.[33] They loved her audition tape so much they immediately showed her to the network.[34] For one of her auditions, she read the graveyard scene with Tom Welling; the network thought they had "great chemistry".[34] Jade Unterman and Louise Grant portrayed the character as a child and an elderly woman, respectively.[35][36]

text: At the time she was cast as Lana, Kreuk had no idea who the character was in Superman lore. Her uncle, who owned a comic book shop, filled her in on the details and she learned more from the producers. Kreuk realized that the character in the comics and her character on the show were two different people. As a result, Kreuk learns about the development of Lana as Lana is learning in the show, just as Welling does with Clark Kent.[37] When asked if her being cast as a traditionally red haired character caused outcry from fans, Kreuk believes that whoever did "got over it pretty fast".[38] By season three, Kreuk had decided to "invest" herself less in her character, as she felt that her character's ultimate development was entirely in the hands of the producers. She no longer became frustrated when the producers had Lana doing things that Kreuk felt were out of character, instead trusting that they would find the right direction for the character.[39]

text: Kreuk enjoyed the fourth season because it gave her the chance to stretch her acting abilities with Lana's storyline involving the spirit of Countess Margaret Isobel Thoreaux. According to the actress, "That was a lot of fun; I thought it was funny as well […] It really was wonderful to be able to stretch and play this driven woman who has a goal and is going to reach it, and in the meantime she's going to be sexy doing it. That was a lot of fun for me because the show [sometimes] isn't realistic so, as actors, we get to play with different types of things."[40] Kreuk says her strangest moment on the show was playing a vampire in season five's "Thirst", an experience she remembers as "uncomfortable" due to the fake blood they covered her in.[38] Kreuk left the series at the end of the seventh season,[41] but appeared in five episodes in season eight as a guest star.[42]

text: Coincidentally, Annette O'Toole, who portrayed Martha Kent in the series, played Lana Lang in Superman III, starring Christopher Reeve.

text: Character development[edit]

text: Storyline progression[edit]

text: One of the early turning points for the character came in season one's "X-Ray", when Lana discovers information about her parents that changes her perspective on them. It began with her mother's graduation speech, which showed that her mother was not as happy as her aunt had led her to believe. Lana's perception of her mother drove the way she led her own life, which was based on the idea of everyone perceiving her in a good light.[37] In season two, Lana discovers that her mother had had an affair with a man named Henry Small, and that he was her biological father. This continued the idea established in season one that Lana's perception that her parents were this perfect couple was wrong. According to Kreuk, meeting her biological father allowed the character to realize that she had to create her own life, as the one she had envisioned did not actually exist.[1]

text: Season two also showed Lana's transition from the "girl next door" to a more "self-reliant young woman". At the beginning of the season Lana is forced to come to terms with her diminished feelings for Whitney, as well as her growing feelings for Clark. It takes time before Lana is strong enough to finally tell Whitney the truth, in a video message, about the way she feels.[1] The Talon, a local coffee shop co-owned by Lana, becomes her new grounding force as Whitney and her aunt have left Smallville. Kreuk thinks that it can be hard to believe that a sixteen-year-old girl could become co-owner of a coffee shop, but she believes that it helps to provide more independence for the character and establish her more within the show.[1] Eventually, in order to really get to know herself, and find her role in life, Lana leaves Smallville for Paris.[39] In season four, Kristin Kreuk felt like Lana is "going a little crazy and is uncertain about her direction, and feels people aren't validating her beliefs".[43]

text: Characterization[edit]

text: At the start of the show, Lana Lang is characterized as the girl next door. As Kreuk describes her, she is the "beautiful, popular girl who is really lonely". She has a "hole in her heart", because of the loss of her parents, and feels empathy for everyone.[1] Kristin feels that deep down the character is a "tough girl", and that Lex manages to bring that side of her out more. For instance, he convinces her to fight back against a rival coffee shop that is spreading rumors about The Talon – the coffee shop that she joint owns with Lex.[37] Unfortunately, that tough side is not seen in the first season. According to Kreuk, the character was never placed in situations where she could show her outgoing side, because she was left to communicate primarily with Whitney and Clark. Kreuk thinks that Lana "lived in her head a little bit"; she was intelligent enough to read classical books, but would also read romantic novels "on the sly".[37]

text: As Alfred Gough sees it, Lana is a by-product of Clark and Lex's decisions. She will always love Clark, and Clark will always love her, but it was Clark's bad decisions, and Lex's "basest instincts" that make Lana the "receptacle of all of these bad decisions", marking her as a tragic figure on the show.[43] While Lana was with Clark, Kreuk characterizes her as a "wimpy, whiny kind of girl"; with Lex, Lana is "strong, powerful, and doesn't have to question, 'What is going on? What does he think? Does he love me? I don't know where I stand.'"[43] To clarify, Lana's relationship with Lex brings out a darkness that had not been seen in the character. This is evident in "Nemesis" when Lana manipulates her way into seeing Lionel, only to interrogate him about why he forced her to marry Lex, as well as leaving Lex to die in the underground tunnels. As Gough explains, by the end of the sixth season, Lana has shown that she can beat Lex at his own games.[44]

text: Reviewer Jennifer Malkowski feels that Lana is one of the most gullible characters on television. According to Malkowski, Lana's strong feminist stance, and her request that people should stop protecting her and start telling her the truth, are diluted by her willingness to believe whatever pieces of information she gets, even if they are lies.[45] After the series ended, Gough and Millar expressed regret with Lana's characterization throughout the course of the show, which they felt damaged Lana in the audiences' mind. Gough and Millar believed that Lana's behavior toward Clark (for refusing to reveal his secret) made her come across as cold and unsympathetic.[46]

text: Relationships[edit]

text: When Smallville first began, Lana was in a romantic relationship with Whitney Fordman, the star quarterback of the football team. Kreuk believes that Lana truly was in love with Whitney when they first started dating, but by the time the audience first sees her in the pilot she is no longer in that same state of mind. Kreuk believes that by the time of the pilot Lana had grown “comfortable” with Whitney, and that was where their relationship ended.[37] Though Lana had growing feelings for Clark, Kreuk feels that the producers rushed the coupling of Clark and Lana at the end of the second season. She believes that with everything that had happened throughout the season between the two characters, it seemed a bit of a stretch for Lana to just quickly fall into Clark's arms.[1] The next season began to develop more of the relationship between Lex and Lana. Kreuk believes that Lana cares for Lex as a friend, and that she recognizes the "undertones" that Lex may be placing on their relationship, but that Lana tends to ignore them. Kreuk recognizes that Lex is a big part of Lana's life, and that Lana tries to pay more attention to the good that Lex does and focus less on the darker aspects of his life.[39]

text: The friendship that Lana shares with Chloe was deeply damaged at the start of season three, so much so that not even Kreuk realized how badly until the episode "Truth". Lana is aware that Chloe still has romantic feelings for Clark, but their friendship suffered the most when Chloe revealed that she had known where Clark had been hiding for months. The feelings of distrust for Chloe remained hidden until "Truth"—where Chloe gained the ability to have others speak the truth no matter what—when Lana finally revealed how much she cannot trust Chloe.[39] This developing friendship between Lex and Lana puts a strain on Lana's relationship with Clark. Just as Clark is beginning to realize the truth about Lex and his lies, Lana is starting to trust Lex more. Ultimately, it is Clark's own lack of honesty that forces Lana to leave Smallville and go to Paris at the end of season three. In the end, Kreuk believes that Clark is Lana's only true friend, as Lex is more focused on bringing his father to justice and she and Chloe have a tense relationship based on their mutual feelings for Clark.[39]

text: While in Paris, Lana begins a new romantic relationship with Jason Teague. Kreuk believes that Lana did love Jason Teague, but she also still loved Clark at the same time. With Clark, it was the "first love" that she never had the chance to discover, and that lingered with her while she was in Paris during the space between seasons three and four. According to Kreuk, before Lana can experience successful relationships with other people she will need to know what it is like to truly be in a relationship with Clark, because of the "intense connection between [the] two".[40] Allison Mack shares her insight into the relationship between Clark and Lana, believing that the pair should have remained apart until they could finally be honest with each other: "There's no honesty in their relationship, and there's no way that they could have a healthy relationship without that honesty […] You can't be with someone if you're not honest with them." Kreuk echoes Mack's sentiments, acknowledging that Lana is not stupid, and if Clark wants a real relationship then he is going to have to be honest with her.[40]

text:
"A part of me feels that she could never really love Lex, and that is why she can be with him: he's not capable of hurting her. She fully loved Clark, Jason, and Whitney. She loved those people. She can care about Lex and want the best for him, but I don't think she could fall blindly in love with him."

— Kristin Kreuk on Lana's relationship with Lex.[43]

tag: div

text: The beginning of season five saw, for the first time, Clark and Lana in a happy relationship together, one that was void of dishonesty and secrets. The return of Clark's powers in "Hidden", as well as the secrets and lies that accompany them, caused stress on their relationship. In the series' 100th episode, Clark finally took a chance and told Lana the truth. When it resulted, indirectly, in her death and he was allowed to live the day over again Clark chose not to tell her his secret. In "Hypnotic", in an effort to stop hurting Lana emotionally, Clark told her that he no longer loved her. This drove Lana into Lex's arms. Writer Darren Swimmer explains that this was not something that just happened in the series, but something that had been hinted at for many seasons. Swimmer believes that Lana started dating Lex as a way of making Clark mad, but the relationship "turned into much more". Kreuk contends that Lana went to Lex because "she knows she will never really love him." Kreuk believes that Lana's relationship with the men in her life has been motivated by a desire to fill a void in her life that was left after her parents were killed. This need to fill that emptiness was fulfilled in "Void", when Lana took a drug to induce death so that she could see her parents in the afterlife. Upon meeting her parents, Kreuk believes that Lana realized that she no longer needed someone else to fill that hole in her. Kreuk sees this filled void as the reason why Lana would gravitate toward Lex. Although she did not truly love Lex, Kreuk argues that Lex was not a rebound guy and that Lana did have feelings for him."[43]

text: Even though Lana eventually marries Lex in season six, Al Gough argues that Lana still loved Clark and Clark still loved her. The only reason Lana was with Lex was because Clark forced her in that direction and she ended up getting in over her head.[44] By contrast, writer Caroline Dries feels that Lana did love Lex, and that she did not make any hasty decisions when she agreed to marry him. Dries believes that the progression of the show demonstrates that Lex earned Lana's love. To answer viewers that hated to see Lana marry Lex, Dries contends that as viewers we are seeing all of Lex, including how evil he truly is, while Lana only sees the portion of Lex that appears good.[44]

text: Reception[edit]

text: In 2001, Kristin Kreuk was nominated for a Saturn Award for Best Actress, as well as Female Cinescape Genre Face of the Future.[47] The following year, alongside co-star Tom Welling, Kreuk was nominated for a Best Actress Saturn Award again.[48] She would receive two more nominations in that category, one in 2004 and one in 2006, before she departed from the show.[49][50] In the 2003 Teen Choice Awards, Kristin Kreuk was nominated for Choice TV Actress: Drama/Action Adventure.[51] She was nominated again in 2004,[52] 2006,[53] 2008 for the revised category Choice TV Actress: Action Adventure,[54] and finally in 2009.[55] Kreuk was also co-nominated with Welling at the 2006 Teen Choice Awards for Most Beautiful Couple (TV - Choice Chemistry).[56]

text: DVD Verdict's Brian Byun felt that the casting of the series was "pitch-perfect"; noting that Kreuk is "painfully luminous" as Lana Lang, which makes it obvious why she is the object of Clark's obsession.[57]

text: Other media appearances[edit]

text: Young adult novels[edit]

text: Lana makes her first literary appearance in Smallville: Strange Visitors, published by Aspect. In Strange Visitors, Lana attempts to organize a fund raiser for the family of a school mate, Stewart, who was diagnosed with terminal cancer. Her effort is rendered moot when Lex Luthor and Dr. Donald Jacobi, a con artist that comes to Smallville, pick up Stewart's medical bills after a meteor rock removes all of the malignant cancer cells in his brain.[58] In Smallville: Dragon, Lana visits an antiques dealer, Mrs. Mayfern, looking for a gift for her boyfriend, Whitney. When she leaves she breaks up with Whitney and starts dating Clark. It is eventually discovered that she was hypnotized by Mrs. Mayfern, whose homegrown herbal tea is fertilized by meteor rocks.[59]

text: Comic books[edit]

text: Lana made a non-speaking cameo appearance in the ninth issue of the show's comic book continuation Smallville: Season Eleven, written by executive story editor Bryan Q. Miller. Though Clark and Bart Allen do not notice her, she watches them race over the coast of Cameroon.[60] Lana returns in a parallel storyarc Valkyrie, in which she uses the superhero alias "Angel of the Plateau" and battles terrorists in Africa. Lana also saves Lois from one of their attacks. Lana reveals that she has been using her abilities to help and protect children from people who would exploit them after Lana had settled in Africa. However, Lois tries not to reveal her relationship with Clark to Lana. Elsewhere, the terrorists seek John Corben's aid in defeating Angel of the Plateau. Corben's new kryptonite heart (installed by Winslow Schott) has absorbed the nanites embedded in Lana's skin, rendering her powerless and no longer emitting the kryptonite radiation once more. After Lois helps Lana defeat Corben, Lana reveals that she had seen Lois's engagement ring, thus she already knows about Clark's relationship with Lois. Lana gives her blessing to Lois, and decides to remain in Africa as the Angel.[61]


document_title: Indian Plate

question_text: what kind of plate boundary is nepal on

question_tokens: what kind of plate boundary is nepal on

text: Indian Plate

text: Plate movements[edit]

text: Until roughly 140 million years ago, the Indian Plate formed part of the supercontinent Gondwana together with modern Africa, Australia, Antarctica, and South America. Gondwana broke up as these continents drifted apart at different velocities,[10] a process which led to the opening of the Indian Ocean.[11]

text: In the late Cretaceous, approximately 100 million years ago and subsequent to the splitting off from Gondwana of conjoined Madagascar and India, the Indian Plate split from Madagascar. It began moving north, at about 20 centimetres (7.9 in) per year,[10] and is believed to have begun colliding with Asia as early as 55 million years ago,[12] in the Eocene epoch of the Cenozoic. However, some authors suggest that the collision between India and Eurasia occurred much later, around 35 million years ago.[13] If the collision occurred between 55 and 50 Mya, the Indian Plate would have covered a distance of 3,000 to 2,000 kilometres (1,900 to 1,200 mi), moving faster than any other known plate. In 2012, paleomagnetic data from the Greater Himalaya was used to propose two collisions to reconcile the discrepancy between the amount of crustal shortening in the Himalaya (~1300 km) and the amount of convergence between India and Asia (~3600 km).[14] These authors propose a continental fragment of northern Gondwana rifted from India, traveled northward, and initiated the "soft collision" between the Greater Himalaya and Asia at ~50 Ma. This was followed by the "hard collision" between India and Asia occurred at ~25 Ma. Subduction of the resulting ocean basin that formed between the Greater Himalayan fragment and India explains the apparent discrepancy between the crustal shortening estimates in the Himalaya and paleomagnetic data from India and Asia.

text: In 2007, German geologists[10] suggested that the reason the Indian Plate moved so quickly is that it is only half as thick (100 kilometres or 62 miles) as the other plates[15] which formerly constituted Gondwana. The mantle plume that once broke up Gondwana might also have melted the lower part of the Indian subcontinent, which allowed it to move both faster and further than the other parts.[10] The remains of this plume today form the Marion Hotspot (Prince Edward Islands), the Kerguelen hotspot, and the Réunion hotspots.[11][16] As India moved north, it is possible that the thickness of the Indian plate degenerated further as it passed over the hotspots and magmatic extrusions associated with the Deccan and Rajmahal Traps.[11] The massive amounts of volcanic gases released during the passage of the Indian Plate over the hotspots have been theorised to have played a role in the Cretaceous–Paleogene extinction event, generally held to be due to a large asteroid impact.[17]

text: The collision with the Eurasian Plate along the boundary between India and Nepal formed the orogenic belt that created the Tibetan Plateau and the Himalaya Mountains, as sediment bunched up like earth before a plow.

text: The Indian Plate is currently moving north-east at 5 centimetres (2.0 in) per year, while the Eurasian Plate is moving north at only 2 centimetres (0.79 in) per year. This is causing the Eurasian Plate to deform, and the Indian Plate to compress at a rate of 4 millimetres (0.16 in) per year.[citation needed]

text: Geography[edit]

text: The westerly side of the Indian Plate is a transform boundary with the Arabian Plate called the Owen Fracture Zone, and a divergent boundary with the African Plate called the Central Indian Ridge (CIR). The northerly side of the Plate is a convergent boundary with the Eurasian Plate forming the Himalaya and Hindu Kush mountains.


document_title: Gothic art

question_text: who is credited with creating the gothic art movement

text: Gothic art

text: Origins[edit]

text: Gothic art emerged in Île-de-France, France, in the early 12th century at the Abbey Church of St Denis built by Abbot Suger.[1] The style rapidly spread beyond its origins in architecture to sculpture, both monumental and personal in size, textile art, and painting, which took a variety of forms, including fresco, stained glass, the illuminated manuscript, and panel painting.[2] Monastic orders, especially the Cistercians and the Carthusians, were important builders who disseminated the style and developed distinctive variants of it across Europe. Regional variations of architecture remained important, even when, by the late 14th century, a coherent universal style known as International Gothic had evolved, which continued until the late 15th century, and beyond in many areas.

text: Although there was far more secular Gothic art than is often thought today, as generally the survival rate of religious art has been better than for secular equivalents, a large proportion of the art produced in the period was religious, whether commissioned by the church or by the laity. Gothic art was often typological in nature, reflecting a belief that the events of the Old Testament pre-figured those of the New, and that this was indeed their main significance. Old and New Testament scenes were shown side by side in works like the Speculum Humanae Salvationis, and the decoration of churches. The Gothic period coincided with a great resurgence in Marian devotion, in which the visual arts played a major part. Images of the Virgin Mary developed from the Byzantine hieratic types, through the Coronation of the Virgin, to more human and initimate types, and cycles of the Life of the Virgin were very popular. Artists like Giotto, Fra Angelico and Pietro Lorenzetti in Italy, and Early Netherlandish painting, brought realism and a more natural humanity to art. Western artists, and their patrons, became much more confident in innovative iconography, and much more originality is seen, although copied formulae were still used by most artists.

text: Iconography was affected by changes in theology, with depictions of the Assumption of Mary gaining ground on the older Death of the Virgin, and in devotional practices such as the Devotio Moderna, which produced new treatments of Christ in subjects such as the Man of Sorrows, Pensive Christ and Pietà, which emphasized his human suffering and vulnerability, in a parallel movement to that in depictions of the Virgin. Even in Last Judgements Christ was now usually shown exposing his chest to show the wounds of his Passion. Saints were shown more frequently, and altarpieces showed saints relevant to the particular church or donor in attendance on a Crucifixion or enthroned Virgin and Child, or occupying the central space themselves (this usually for works designed for side-chapels). Over the period many ancient iconographical features that originated in New Testament apocrypha were gradually eliminated under clerical pressure, like the midwives at the Nativity, though others were too well-established, and considered harmless.[3]

text: Etymology[edit]

text: The word "Gothic" for art was initially used as a synonym for "Barbaric", and was therefore used pejoratively.[4] Its critics saw this type of Medieval art as unrefined and too remote from the aesthetic proportions and shapes of Classical art.[5] Renaissance authors believed that the Sack of Rome by the Gothic tribes in 410 had triggered the demise of the Classical world and all the values they held dear. In the 15th century, various Italian architects and writers complained that the new 'barbarian' styles filtering down from north of the Alps posed a similar threat to the classical revival promoted by the early Renaissance.[6] The "Gothic" qualifier for this art was first used in Raphael's letter to Pope Leo X c. 1518 and was subsequently popularised by the Italian artist and writer Giorgio Vasari,[7] who used it as early as 1530, calling Gothic art a "monstrous and barbarous" "disorder".[8] Raphael claimed that the pointed arches of northern architecture were an echo of the primitive huts the Germanic forest dwellers formed by bending trees together - a myth which would resurface much later in a more positive sense in the writings of the German Romantic movement. "Gothic art" was strongly criticized by French authors such as Boileau, La Bruyère, Rousseau, before becoming a recognized form of art, and the wording becoming fixed.[9] Molière would famously comment on Gothic:

text:
The besotted taste of Gothic monuments,
These odious monsters of ignorant centuries,
Which the torrents of barbary spewed forth.[5]

text: In its beginning, Gothic art was initially called "French work" (Opus Francigenum), thus attesting the priority of France in the creation of this style.[5]

text: Painting[edit]

text: Painting in a style that can be called Gothic did not appear until about 1200, nearly 50 years after the origins of Gothic architecture and sculpture. The transition from Romanesque to Gothic is very imprecise and not at all a clear break, and Gothic ornamental detailing is often introduced before much change is seen in the style of figures or compositions themselves. Then figures become more animated in pose and facial expression, tend to be smaller in relation to the background of scenes, and are arranged more freely in the pictorial space, where there is room. This transition occurs first in England and France around 1200, in Germany around 1220 and Italy around 1300. Painting during the Gothic period was practiced in four primary media: frescos, panel paintings, manuscript illumination and stained glass.

text: Frescoes[edit]

text: Frescoes continued to be used as the main pictorial narrative craft on church walls in southern Europe as a continuation of early Christian and Romanesque traditions. An accident of survival has given Denmark and Sweden the largest groups of surviving church wall paintings in the Biblia pauperum style, usually extending up to recently constructed cross vaults. In both Denmark and Sweden, they were almost all covered with limewash after the Reformation which has preserved them, but some have also remained untouched since their creation. Among the finest examples from Denmark are those of the Elmelunde Master from the Danish island of Møn who decorated the churches of Fanefjord, Keldby and Elmelunde.[10] Albertus Pictor is arguably the most well-known fresco artist from the period working in Sweden. Examples of Swedish churches with well-preserved frescos include Tensta, Gökhem and Anga churches.

text: Stained glass[edit]

text: In northern Europe, stained glass was an important and prestigious form of painting until the 15th century, when it became supplanted by panel painting. Gothic architecture greatly increased the amount of glass in large buildings, partly to allow for wide expanses of glass, as in rose windows. In the early part of the period mainly black paint and clear or brightly coloured glass was used, but in the early 14th century the use of compounds of silver, painted on glass which was then fired, allowed a number of variations of colour, centred on yellows, to be used with clear glass in a single piece. By the end of the period designs increasingly used large pieces of glass which were painted, with yellows as the dominant colours, and relatively few smaller pieces of glass in other colours.[11]

text: Manuscripts and printmaking[edit]

text: Illuminated manuscripts represent the most complete record of Gothic painting, providing a record of styles in places where no monumental works have otherwise survived. The earliest full manuscripts with French Gothic illustrations date to the middle of the 13th century.[12] Many such illuminated manuscripts were royal bibles, although psalters also included illustrations; the Parisian Psalter of Saint Louis, dating from 1253 to 1270, features 78 full-page illuminations in tempera paint and gold leaf.[13]

text: During the late 13th century, scribes began to create prayer books for the laity, often known as books of hours due to their use at prescribed times of the day.[13] The earliest known example seems to have written for an unknown laywoman living in a small village near Oxford in about 1240. Nobility frequently purchased such texts, paying handsomely for decorative illustrations; among the most well-known creators of these is Jean Pucelle, whose Hours of Jeanne d'Evreux was commissioned by King Charles IV as a gift for his queen, Jeanne d'Évreux.[14] Elements of the French Gothic present in such works include the use of decorative page framing reminiscent of the architecture of the time with elongated and detailed figures.[13] The use of spatial indicators such as building elements and natural features such as trees and clouds also denote the French Gothic style of illumination.[13]

text: From the middle of the 14th century, blockbooks with both text and images cut as woodcut seem to have been affordable by parish priests in the Low Countries, where they were most popular. By the end of the century, printed books with illustrations, still mostly on religious subjects, were rapidly becoming accessible to the prosperous middle class, as were engravings of fairly high-quality by printmakers like Israhel van Meckenem and Master E. S.. In the 15th century, the introduction of cheap prints, mostly in woodcut, made it possible even for peasants to have devotional images at home. These images, tiny at the bottom of the market, often crudely coloured, were sold in thousands but are now extremely rare, most having been pasted to walls.

text: Altarpiece and panel painting[edit]

text: Painting with oil on canvas did not become popular until the 15th and 16th centuries and was a hallmark of Renaissance art. In Northern Europe the important and innovative school of Early Netherlandish painting is in an essentially Gothic style, but can also be regarded as part of the Northern Renaissance, as there was a long delay before the Italian revival of interest in classicism had a great impact in the north. Painters like Robert Campin and Jan van Eyck, made use of the technique of oil painting to create minutely detailed works, correct in perspective, where apparent realism was combined with richly complex symbolism arising precisely from the realistic detail they could now include, even in small works. In Early Netherlandish painting, from the richest cities of Northern Europe, a new minute realism in oil painting was combined with subtle and complex theological allusions, expressed precisely through the highly detailed settings of religious scenes. The Mérode Altarpiece (1420s) of Robert Campin, and the Washington Van Eyck Annunciation or Madonna of Chancellor Rolin (both 1430s, by Jan van Eyck) are examples.[15] For the wealthy, small panel paintings, even polyptychs in oil painting were becoming increasingly popular, often showing donor portraits alongside, though often much smaller than, the Virgin or saints depicted. These were usually displayed in the home.

text: Sculpture[edit]

text: Monumental sculpture[edit]

text: The Gothic period is essentially defined by Gothic architecture, and does not entirely fit with the development of style in sculpture in either its start or finish. The facades of large churches, especially around doors, continued to have large tympanums, but also rows of sculpted figures spreading around them.

text: The statues on the Western (Royal) Portal at Chartres Cathedral (c. 1145) show an elegant but exaggerated columnar elongation, but those on the south transept portal, from 1215–20, show a more naturalistic style and increasing detachment from the wall behind, and some awareness of the classical tradition. These trends were continued in the west portal at Rheims Cathedral of a few years later, where the figures are almost in the round, as became usual as Gothic spread across Europe.[16] Bamberg Cathedral has perhaps the largest assemblage of 13th century sculpture, culminating in 1240 with the Bamberg Rider, the first life-size equestrian statue in Western art since the 6th century.

text: In Italy Nicola Pisano (1258–78) and his son Giovanni developed a style that is often called Proto-Renaissance, with unmistakable influence from Roman sarcophagi and sophisticated and crowded compositions, including a sympathetic handling of nudity, in relief panels on their pulpit of Siena Cathedral (1265–68), the Fontana Maggiore in Perugia, and Giovanni's pulpit in Pistoia of 1301.[17]

text: Another revival of classical style is seen in the International Gothic work of Claus Sluter and his followers in Burgundy and Flanders around 1400.[18] Late Gothic sculpture continued in the North, with a fashion for very large wooden sculpted altarpieces with increasingly virtuoso carving and large numbers agitated expressive figures; most surviving examples are in Germany, after much iconoclasm elsewhere. Tilman Riemenschneider, Veit Stoss and others continued the style well into the 16th century, gradually absorbing Italian Renaissance influences.[19]

text: Life-size tomb effigies in stone or alabaster became popular for the wealthy, and grand multi-level tombs evolved, with the Scaliger Tombs of Verona so large they had to be moved outside the church. By the 15th century there was an industry exporting Nottingham alabaster altar reliefs in groups of panels over much of Europe for economical parishes who could not afford stone retables.[20]

text:
South portal of Chartres Cathedral (c. 1215-20).

West portal at Rheims Cathedral, Annunciation group.

Nicola Pisano, Nativity and Adoration of the Magi from the pulpit of the Pisa Baptistery.

Claus Sluter, David and a prophet from the Well of Moses.

Base of the Holy Thorn Reliquary, French (Paris), 1390s, a Resurrection of the Dead in gold, enamel and gems.

Man of Sorrows on the main portal of Ulm Münster by Hans Multscher, 1429.

Panelled altarpiece section with Resurrection of Christ, English Nottingham alabaster, 1450–90, with remains of colour.

Detail of the Last Supper from Tilman Riemenschneider's Altar of the Holy Blood, 1501–05, carved limewood, Rothenburg ob der Tauber, Bavaria.

tag: ul

text: Portable sculpture[edit]

text: Small carvings, for a mainly lay and often female market, became a considerable industry in Paris and some other centres. Types of ivories included small devotional polyptychs, single figures, especially of the Virgin, mirror-cases, combs, and elaborate caskets with scenes from Romances, used as engagement presents.[21] The very wealthy collected extravagantly elaborate jewelled and enamelled metalwork, both secular and religious, like the Duc de Berry's Holy Thorn Reliquary, until they ran short of money, when they were melted down again for cash.[22]

text: Gothic sculptures independent of architectural ornament were primarily created as devotional objects for the home or intended as donations for local churches.,[23] although small reliefs in ivory, bone and wood cover both religious and secular subjects, and were for church and domestic use. Such sculptures were the work of urban artisans, and the most typical subject for three dimensional small staues is the Virgin Mary alone or with child.[24] Paris was the main centre of ivory workshops, and exported to most of northern Europe, though Italy also had a considerable production. An exemplar of these independent sculptures is among the collections of the Abbey Church of St Denis; the silver-gilt Virgin and Child dates to 1339 and features Mary enveloped in a flowing cloak holding an infantile Christ figure.[24] Both the simplicity of the cloak and the youth of the child presage other sculptures found in northern Europe dating to the 14th century and early 15th century.[24] Such sculpture shows an evolution from an earlier stiff and elongated style, still partly Romanesque, into a spatial and naturalistic feel in the late 12th and early 13th century.[24] Other French Gothic sculptural subjects included figures and scenes from popular literature of the time.[24] Imagery from the poetry of the troubadours was particularly popular among artisans of mirror-cases and small boxes presumably for use by women.[24] The Casket with Scenes of Romances (Walters 71264) of 1330-50 is an unusually large example with space for a number of scenes from different literary sources.

text: Souvenirs of pilgrimages to shrines, such as clay or lead badges, medals and ampullae stamped with images were also popular and cheap. Their secular equivalent, the livery badge, were signs of feudal and political loyalty or alliance that came to be regarded as a social menace in England under bastard feudalism. The cheaper forms were sometimes given away free, as with the 13,000 badges ordered in 1483 by King Richard III of England in fustian cloth with his emblem of a white boar for the investiture of his son Edward as Prince of Wales,[25] a huge number given the population at the time. The Dunstable Swan Jewel, modelled fully in the round in enamelled gold, is a far more exclusive version, that would have been given to someone very close or important to the donor.