document_title: The Island of Doctor Moreau

question_text: how does montgomery died in the island of dr moreau

text: The Island of Doctor Moreau

text: Plot[edit]

text: The Island of Doctor Moreau is the account of Edward Prendick, an Englishman with a scientific education who survives a shipwreck in the southern Pacific Ocean. A passing ship takes him aboard, and a man named Montgomery revives him. Prendick also meets a grotesque bestial native named M'ling, who appears to be Montgomery's manservant. The ship is transporting a number of animals which belong to Montgomery. As they approach the island, Montgomery's destination, the captain demands Prendick leave the ship with Montgomery. Montgomery explains that he will not be able to host Prendick on the island. Despite this, the captain leaves Prendick in a dinghy and sails away. Seeing that the captain has abandoned Prendick, Montgomery takes pity and rescues him. As ships rarely pass the island, Prendick will be housed in an outer room of an enclosed compound.

text: The island belongs to Dr. Moreau. Prendick remembers that he has heard of Moreau, formerly an eminent physiologist in London whose gruesome experiments in vivisection had been publicly exposed and has fled England as a result of his exposure.

text: The next day, Moreau begins working on a puma. Prendick gathers that Moreau is performing a painful experiment on the animal, and its anguished cries drive Prendick out into the jungle. While he wanders, he comes upon a group of people who seem human but have an unmistakable resemblance to swine. As he walks back to the enclosure, he suddenly realises he is being followed by a figure in the jungle. He panics and flees, and the figure gives chase. As his pursuer bears down on him, Prendick manages to stun him with a stone and observes the pursuer is a monstrous hybrid of animal and man. When Prendrick returns to the enclosure and questions Montgomery, Montgomery refuses to be open with him. After failing to get an explanation, Prendick finally gives in and takes a sleeping draught.

text: Prendick awakes the next morning with the previous night's activities fresh in his mind. Seeing that the door to Moreau's operating room has been left unlocked, he walks in to find a humanoid form lying in bandages on the table before he is ejected by a shocked and angry Moreau. He believes that Moreau has been vivisecting humans and that he is the next test subject. He flees into the jungle where he meets an Ape-Man who takes him to a colony of similarly half-human/half-animal creatures. Their leader is a large grey thing named the Sayer of the Law who has him recite a strange litany called the Law that involves prohibitions against bestial behavior and praise for Moreau.

text: Suddenly, Dr. Moreau bursts into the colony looking for Prendick, but Prendick escapes to the jungle. He makes for the ocean, where he plans to drown himself rather than allow Moreau to experiment on him. Moreau explains that the creatures called the Beast Folk were not formerly men, but rather animals. Prendick returns to the enclosure, where Moreau explains that he has been on the island for eleven years and has been striving to make a complete transformation of an animal to a human. He explains that while he is getting closer to perfection, his subjects have a habit of reverting to their animal form and behaviour. Moreau regards the pain he inflicts as insignificant and an unavoidable side effect in the name of his scientific experiments.

text: One day, Prendick and Montgomery encounter a half-eaten rabbit. Since eating flesh and tasting blood are strong prohibitions, Dr. Moreau calls an assembly of the Beast Folk and identifies the Leopard-Man (the same one that chased Prendick the first time he wandered into the jungle) as the transgressor. Knowing that he will be sent back to Dr. Moreau's compound for more painful sessions of vivisection, the Leopard-Man flees. Eventually, the group corners him in some undergrowth, but Prendick takes pity and shoots him to spare him from further suffering. Prendick also believes that although the Leopard-Man was seen breaking several laws, such as drinking water bent down like an animal, chasing men (Prendick), and running on all fours, the Leopard-Man was not solely responsible for the deaths of the rabbits. It was also the Hyena-Swine, the next most dangerous Beast Man on the island. Dr. Moreau is furious that Prendick killed the Leopard-Man but can do nothing about the situation.

text: As time passes, Prendick becomes inured to the grotesqueness of the Beast Folk. However one day, the half-finished puma woman rips free of her restraints and escapes from the lab. Dr. Moreau pursues her, but the two end up fighting each other which ends in a mutual kill. Montgomery breaks down and decides to share his alcohol with the Beast Folk. Prendick resolves to leave the island, but later hears a commotion outside in which Montgomery, his servant M'ling, and the Sayer of the Law die after a scuffle with the Beast Folk. At the same time, the compound burns down because Prendick has knocked over a lamp. With no chance of saving any of the provisions stored in the enclosure, Prendick realizes that during the night Montgomery has also destroyed the only boats on the island.

text: Prendick lives with the Beast Folk on the island for months after the deaths of Moreau and Montgomery. As the time goes by, the Beast Folk increasingly revert to their original animal instincts, beginning to hunt the island's rabbits, returning to walking on all fours, and leaving their shared living areas for the wild. They cease to follow Prendick's instructions and eventually the Hyena-Swine kills his faithful companion, a Dog-Man created from a St. Bernard. Prendick then shoots the Hyena-Swine in self-defence with the help of the Sloth Creature. Luckily for Prendick ever since his efforts to build a raft have been unsuccessful, a boat that carries two corpses drifts onto the beach (perhaps the captain of the ship that picked Prendick up and a sailor).[6] Prendick uses the boat to leave the island and is picked up three days later. But when he tells his story he is thought to be mad, so he feigns amnesia.

text: Back in England, Prendick is no longer comfortable in the presence of humans who seem to him to be about to revert to the animal state. He leaves London and lives in near-solitude in the countryside, devoting himself to chemistry as well as astronomy in the studies of which he finds some peace.

text: Main characters[edit]

text:
Edward Prendick – The narrator and protagonist.
Dr. Moreau – A vivisectionist who has fled upon his experiments being exposed and has moved to a remote island in the Pacific to pursue his research of perfecting his Beast Folk.
Montgomery – Dr. Moreau's assistant and Prendick's rescuer. A medical doctor who enjoyed a measure of happiness in England. An alcoholic who feels some sympathy for the Beast Folk.
Beast Folk – Animals which Moreau has experimented upon, giving them human traits via vivisection for which the surgery is extremely painful. They include:

M'ling – Montgomery's servant who does the cooking and cleaning. Moreau combined a bear, a dog, and an ox to create him. As Prendick describes M'ling, he states that M'ling is a "complex trophy of Moreau's skill, a bear, tainted with dog and ox, and one of the most elaborately made of all the creatures". He also sports glow-in-the-dark eyes and furry ears. M'ling later dies protecting Montgomery from the other Beast Folk on the beach.
Sayer of the Law – A large, grey animal of unspecified combinations that recites Dr. Moreau's teachings about being men to the other Beast Folk. The Sayer of the Law serves as a governor and a priest to the Beast Folk. He is later killed in an unseen scuffle between Montgomery, M'ling, and the Beast Folk.
Hyena-Swine – A carnivorous hybrid of hyena and pig who becomes Prendick's enemy in the wake of Dr. Moreau's death. He is later killed by Prendick in self-defence.
Leopard-Man – A leopard-based rebel who breaks the Law by running on all fours, drinking from the stream, and chasing Prendick. The Leopard-Man is later killed by Prendick to spare him further pain, much to the dismay of Dr. Moreau.
Dog-Man – A Beast Man created from a St. Bernard who, near the end of the book, becomes Prendick's faithful companion. He is so like a domestic dog in character that Prendick is barely surprised when he reverts to a more animalistic form. Dog-Man is later killed by the Hyena-Swine.
Satyr-Man – A goat creature. Prendrick describes him as unsettling and "Satanic" in form.
Fox-Bear Witch – A female hybrid of a fox and a bear who passionately supports the Law. Prendick quickly takes a dislike to her.
Sloth Creature – A small, pink sloth-based creation described by Prendick as resembling a flayed child. He helped Prendick kill the Hyena-Swine before fully regressing.
Ape-Man – A monkey or ape creature that considers himself equal to Prendick and refers to himself and Prendick as "Five Men", because they both have five fingers on each hand, which is uncommon among the Beast Folk. He is the first Beast Man other than M'ling whom Prendick speaks to. He has what he refers to as "Big Thinks" which on his return to England, Prendick likens to a priest's sermon at the pulpit.
Half-Finished Puma-Woman – The last beast-person created by Moreau. She is halfway through her process of being turned into one of the Beast Folk, but is in so much pain from the surgery that she uses her strength to break free of his restraints and escape. Moreau then chases after her with a revolver. He and the creature fight each other which ends in a mutual kill.
Mare-Rhinoceros Man – A hybrid between a horse and a Javan rhinoceros who appeared during Prendrick's introduction to the Beast Folk.
Ox-Boar – A hybrid of an ox and a boar who appears after Montgomery's death.
Swine-Men and Swine-Woman – A group of pig-based Beast Folk who appear during Prendrick's introduction to the Beast Folk.
Wolf-Bear – A hybrid of a gray wolf and a grizzly bear who is briefly mentioned during the hunt for the Leopard-Man.

text: Historical context[edit]

text: At the time of the novel's publication in 1896, there was growing discussion in Europe regarding degeneration and animal vivisection. Several interest groups were formed to oppose vivisection, the two largest being the National Anti-Vivisection Society in 1875 and the British Union for the Abolition of Vivisection in 1898.[7] The Island of Dr. Moreau reflects these themes, along with ideas of Darwinian evolution which were gaining popularity and controversy in the late 1800s.

text: Adaptations[edit]

text: The novel has been adapted into films and other works, on multiple occasions:

text:
Ile d'Epouvante (1913, The Island of Terror), a French silent film[8] (also spelled L'Ile d'Epouvante and Isle d'epouvante). The 23-minute two-reeler film was directed by Joe Hamman in 1911 and then released in 1913. By late 1913, the film had been picked up by US distributor George Kleine and renamed The Island of Terror for its release in Chicago.[9]
Die Insel der Veschollenen (1921), German silent adaption
Island of Lost Souls (1932), with Charles Laughton and Bela Lugosi.
Terror Is a Man (1959), with Francis Lederer, Greta Thyssen, and Richard Derr. This Filipino film, directed by Gerardo de Leon, was reissued in the United States as Blood Creature (1964). Leon partnered with Eddie Romero to direct and release two follow-up films in 1968: Brides of Blood and Mad Doctor of Blood Island. All three were produced by Lynn-Romero Productions.
At the age of 13, Tim Burton made an amateur adaptation of Wells' novel, The Island of Doctor Agor (1971).[10]
The Twilight People (1972), starring John Ashley and with an early role for Pam Grier, was Eddie Romero's version of the original story.
Joseph Silva turned The Island of Dr. Moreau (1977), with Burt Lancaster and Michael York, into a derivative published by Ace.
In The Island of Dr. Moreau (1996), with Marlon Brando, Val Kilmer, David Thewlis, Fairuza Balk, and Ron Perlman, Dr. Moreau introduced human DNA into the animals in his possession in order to make them more human.
Seattle, Washington's Taproot Theatre Company performed Sean Gaffney's theatrical adaptation of the novel in 1999.
The Simpsons annual Halloween special adapted the novel as a segment in their "Treehouse of Horror XIII" episode called "The Island of Dr. Hibbert", in which the doctor invites unsuspecting Springfield residents to his island resort, and turns them into human-animal hybrids.[11]
The film Dr. Moreau's House of Pain (2004), made by cult horror studio Full Moon Pictures, is billed as a sequel to the novel.[12]
In the third season of science fiction thriller TV series, Orphan Black, the book plays an important role containing Professor Duncan's key to human cloning.
"The Madman's Daughter" tells the story from the point of view of Juliet Moreau, Dr. Moreau's deer-hybrid daughter.
Big Finish Productions released the Audio Adaptation of this Novel titled as The Island of Dr Moreau

text: Inspirations and popular culture[edit]

text: The story, as well as the Litany of the Law, have inspired multiple derivative works and popular culture references.

text: In literature[edit]

text: Moreau's Other Island (1980), by Brian Aldiss, is an updating of the original to a near-future setting. US Under-Secretary of State Calvert Madle Roberts is cast ashore on the eponymous island where he discovers the cyborgised Thalidomide victim Mortimer Dart carrying on Moreau's work. It transpires that Dart's work is intended to produce a 'replacement' race that can survive a post-nuclear environment, and that Roberts approved Dart's funding.

text: The Madman's Daughter trilogy, written by Megan Shepherd, tells the story of Dr. Moreau's daughter Juliet. However, each book is based on a different classic novel: the first book is based on this novel by H.G. Wells, the second one on Robert Louis Stevenson's The Strange Case of Dr Jekyll and Mr Hyde (1886), and the final book is based on Mary Shelley's Frankenstein (1818).[13]

text: In chapter 1 of Daniel Pinkwater's novel Lizard Music, Victor watches a late-night film on TV which is identified in chapter 2 as The Island of Dr. Morbo.

text: In chapter 61 of The Fallen (2013), book five of Charlie Higson's post-apocalyptic horror series, The Enemy, the expedition party from the museum encounters a strange set of malformed children at the biomedical company Promithios, who recite the Litany of the Law.[14]

text: The Isles of Dr. Moreau (2015), by Heather O'Neill in her short story collection Daydreams of Angels tells of a grandfather who, when he was young, meets an eccentric, albeit humane named Dr. Moreau on "the Isle of Noble and Important and Respectable Betterment of Homo sapiens and Their Consorts". Moreau's experiments involve combining animal DNA with human DNA and the story unfolds as the grandfather meets (and dates) several of these humanoid creatures.[15]

text: Dr. Franklin's Island (2002), by Ann Halam, is a loose adaptation of the story, in which the eponymous scientist performs transgenic experiments upon the narrator and two other survivors of a plane crash, transforming them into mostly-animal hybrids.

text:
The Army of Dr Moreau (2012), by Guy Adams, puts Sherlock Holmes and Doctor Watson on the trail of several of the hybrids on the loose in London.
The Strange Case of the Alchemist's Daughter (2017) by Theodora Goss features the half-finished puma woman from The Island of Dr. Moreau as one of its main characters, Catherine.

text: In comics[edit]

text:
The Only Living Boy the young-adult graphic novel by David Gallaher and Steve Ellis comics is described by the author as a hybrid of The Jungle Book and The Island of Doctor Moreau. The character, Doctor Once, is based on the Moreau.
The League of Extraordinary Gentlemen volume 2, a graphic novel by Alan Moore and Kevin O'Neill, uses Dr. Alphonse Moreau as a secondary character who has been moved to England by the British Government to develop hybrids. He was given the first name of Alphonse by Alan Moore. Teddy Prendick is featured (although he is named 'Prendrick' in the comic and seems to have gone mad) and recounts his time on the island with Dr. Moreau. The storyline also ties in with aspects of Wells's other novels, The Invisible Man, The War of the Worlds and The Time Machine.
Van Helsing: From Beneath the Rue Morgue, a one-shot comic book by Joshua Dysart and Jason Shawn Alexander which is set after Gabriel Van Helsing kills Mr. Hyde and meets Dr. Moreau.
Legenderry: A Steampunk Adventure, a steampunk comic series published by Dynamite Entertainment. The Island of Doctor Moreau was included in issue 3 and three beast-men hybrids bordered The Victory (Captain Victory's ship) while it was docked there.
Deadpool Killustrated. Deadpool in his mission to slaughter the "Ideaverse" stops by the island and kills everyone on it.

text: In music[edit]

text:
Are We Not Men? We Are Devo!
Are We Not Men? We Are Diva!, titled in response to the DEVO album
Are We Not Horses
No Spill Blood, from Oingo Boingo's Good For Your Soul album
House of Pain is an American hip hop group whose name is a reference to the novel- a reference carried further by the naming of their 2011 tour "He Who Breaks the Law". Dialogue samples from the 1977 movie are used as snippets within the album
The Song Toes by the alternative band Glass Animals is based on the book's story[16]

text: In television[edit]

text:
The story has been used as a plot device in the BBC America series Orphan Black.
The 1987-1996 Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles series season 4 episode "What's Michelangelo Good For?" is based on the work.
The Island of Doctor Moreau was parodied in The Simpsons episode "Treehouse of Horror XIII."
The cartoon series Spliced is a lighthearted take on the concept.

text: In gaming[edit]

text:
Vivisector: Beast Within is a Ukrainian developed first-person shooter game released in the CIS in 2005 and later in the rest of Europe in 2006. The game is heavily inspired by the novel, originally developed as a Duke Nukem title.
The video game Champions Online features Dr. Phillippe Moreau, the grandson of Dr. Henry Moreau and member of the terrorist organization VIPER (short for Venomous Imperial Party of the Eternal Reptile). Phillippe used his technology to perfect his father's work where he created the Manimals.
Doctor Merlot, the main villain of the 2016 game RWBY: Grimm Eclipse, is heavily inspired by Doctor Moreau.
One of the locations in the Ravenloft campaign setting for Dungeons & Dragons is an island called Markovia which is ruled by a Moreau-analogue named Dr. Markov.

text: Scientific plausibility[edit]

text: In the short essay "The Limits of Individual Plasticity" (1895), H.G. Wells expounded upon his firm belief that the events depicted in The Island of Doctor Moreau are entirely possible should such vivisective experiments ever be tested outside the confines of science fiction. However, modern medicine has shown that animals lack the necessary brain structure to emulate human faculties like speech. In addition, immune responses to foreign tissues means that transplantation within one species is very complicated, let alone cross species, and is a problem that has not yet been solved by medical science.[citation needed]


document_title: List of Big Ten Conference football champions

question_text: who has the most big ten championships in football

root

text: Champions by year[edit]

text:
Record
Ranking

Year
Champions
Conference
Overall
AP
Coaches
Bowl result
Head coach

1896
Wisconsin
2–0–1
7–1–1
Started in 1936
Started in 1950
–
Philip King

1897
Wisconsin
3–0
9–1
Started in 1936
Started in 1950
–
Philip King

1898
Michigan
3–0
10–0
Started in 1936
Started in 1950
–
Gustave Ferbert

1899
Chicago
4–0
16–0–2
Started in 1936
Started in 1950
–
Amos Alonzo Stagg

1900
Iowa
2–0–1
7–0–1
Started in 1936
Started in 1950
–
Alden Knipe

Minnesota
3–0–1
10–0–2
Started in 1936
Started in 1950
–
Henry L. Williams

1901
Michigan*
4–0
11–0
Started in 1936
Started in 1950
W Rose Bowl 49–0 vs. Stanford
Fielding H. Yost

Wisconsin
2–0
9–0
Started in 1936
Started in 1950
–
Philip King

1902
Michigan*
5–0
11–0
Started in 1936
Started in 1950
–
Fielding H. Yost

1903
Michigan*
3–0–1
11–0–1
Started in 1936
Started in 1950
–
Fielding H. Yost

Minnesota
3–0–1
14–0–1
Started in 1936
Started in 1950
–
Henry L. Williams

Northwestern
1–0–2
10–1–3
Started in 1936
Started in 1950
–
Walter McCornack

1904
Michigan*
2–0
10–0
Started in 1936
Started in 1950
–
Fielding H. Yost

Minnesota*
3–0
13–0
Started in 1936
Started in 1950
–
Henry L. Williams

1905
Chicago*
7–0
11–0
Started in 1936
Started in 1950
–
Amos Alonzo Stagg

1906
Michigan
1–0
4–1
Started in 1936
Started in 1950
–
Fielding H. Yost

Minnesota
2–0
4–1
Started in 1936
Started in 1950
–
Henry L. Williams

Wisconsin
3–0
5–0
Started in 1936
Started in 1950
–
Charles P. Hutchins

1907
Chicago
4–0
4–1
Started in 1936
Started in 1950
–
Amos Alonzo Stagg

1908
Chicago
5–0
5–0–1
Started in 1936
Started in 1950
–
Amos Alonzo Stagg

1909
Minnesota
3–0
6–1
Started in 1936
Started in 1950
–
Henry L. Williams

1910
Illinois
4–0
7–0
Started in 1936
Started in 1950
–
Arthur Hall

Minnesota
2–0
6–1
Started in 1936
Started in 1950
–
Henry L. Williams

1911
Minnesota
3–0–1
6–0–1
Started in 1936
Started in 1950
–
Henry L. Williams

1912
Wisconsin
5–0
7–0
Started in 1936
Started in 1950
–
William Juneau

1913
Chicago
7–0
7–0
Started in 1936
Started in 1950
–
Amos Alonzo Stagg

1914
Illinois*
6–0
7–0
Started in 1936
Started in 1950
–
Robert Zuppke

1915
Illinois
3–0–2
5–0–2
Started in 1936
Started in 1950
–
Robert Zuppke

Minnesota
3–0–1
6–0–1
Started in 1936
Started in 1950
–
Henry L. Williams

1916
Ohio State
4–0
7–0
Started in 1936
Started in 1950
–
John Wilce

1917
Ohio State
4–0
8–0–1
Started in 1936
Started in 1950
–
John Wilce

1918
Illinois
4–0
5–2
Started in 1936
Started in 1950
–
Robert Zuppke

Michigan
2–0
5–0
Started in 1936
Started in 1950
–
Fielding H. Yost

Purdue
1–0
3–3
Started in 1936
Started in 1950
–
A. G. Scanlon

1919
Illinois*
6–1
6–1
Started in 1936
Started in 1950
–
Robert Zuppke

1920
Ohio State
5–0
7–1
Started in 1936
Started in 1950
L Rose Bowl 0–28 vs. California
John Wilce

1921
Iowa
5–0
7–0
Started in 1936
Started in 1950
–
Howard Jones

1922
Chicago
4–0–1
5–1–1
Started in 1936
Started in 1950
–
Amos Alonzo Stagg

Iowa
5–0
7–0
Started in 1936
Started in 1950
–
Howard Jones

Michigan
4–0
6–0–1
Started in 1936
Started in 1950
–
Fielding H. Yost

1923
Illinois*
5–0
8–0
Started in 1936
Started in 1950
–
Robert Zuppke

Michigan*
4–0
8–0
Started in 1936
Started in 1950
–
Fielding H. Yost

1924
Chicago
3–0–3
4–1–3
Started in 1936
Started in 1950
–
Amos Alonzo Stagg

1925
Michigan
5–1
7–1
Started in 1936
Started in 1950
–
Fielding H. Yost

1926
Michigan
5–0
7–1
Started in 1936
Started in 1950
–
Fielding H. Yost

Northwestern
5–0
7–1
Started in 1936
Started in 1950
–
Glenn Thistlethwaite

1927
Illinois*
5–0
7–0–1
Started in 1936
Started in 1950
–
Robert Zuppke

Minnesota
3–0–1
6–0–2
Started in 1936
Started in 1950
–
Clarence Spears

1928
Illinois
4–1
7–1
Started in 1936
Started in 1950
–
Robert Zuppke

1929
Purdue
5–0
8–0
Started in 1936
Started in 1950
–
James Phelan

1930
Michigan
5–0
8–0–1
Started in 1936
Started in 1950
–
Harry Kipke

Northwestern
5–0
7–1
Started in 1936
Started in 1950
–
Dick Hanley

1931
Michigan
5–1
8–1–1
Started in 1936
Started in 1950
–
Harry Kipke

Northwestern
5–1
7–1–1
Started in 1936
Started in 1950
–
Dick Hanley

Purdue
5–1
9–1
Started in 1936
Started in 1950
–
Noble Kizer

1932
Michigan*
6–0
8–0
Started in 1936
Started in 1950
–
Harry Kipke

Purdue
5–0–1
7–0–1
Started in 1936
Started in 1950
–
Noble Kizer

1933
Michigan*
5–0–1
7–0–1
Started in 1936
Started in 1950
–
Harry Kipke

Minnesota
2–0–4
4–0–4
Started in 1936
Started in 1950
–
Bernie Bierman

1934
Minnesota*
5–0
8–0
Started in 1936
Started in 1950
–
Bernie Bierman

1935
Minnesota*
5–0
8–0
Started in 1936
Started in 1950
–
Bernie Bierman

Ohio State
5–0
7–1
Started in 1936
Started in 1950
–
Francis Schmidt

1936
Northwestern
6–0
7–1
#7
Started in 1950
–
Pappy Waldorf

1937
Minnesota
5–0
6–2
#5
Started in 1950
–
Bernie Bierman

1938
Minnesota
4–1
6–2
#10
Started in 1950
–
Bernie Bierman

1939
Ohio State
5–1
6–2
#15
Started in 1950
–
Francis Schmidt

1940
Minnesota*
6–0
8–0
#1
Started in 1950
–
Bernie Bierman

1941
Minnesota*
5–0
8–0
#1
Started in 1950
–
Bernie Bierman

1942
Ohio State*
5–1
9–1
#1
Started in 1950
–
Paul Brown

1943
Michigan
6–0
8–1
#3
Started in 1950
–
Fritz Crisler

Purdue
6–0
9–0
#5
Started in 1950
–
Elmer Burnham

1944
Ohio State
6–0
9–0
#2
Started in 1950
–
Carroll Widdoes

1945
Indiana
5–0–1
9–0–1
#4
Started in 1950
–
Bo McMillin

1946
Illinois
6–1
8–2
#5
Started in 1950
W Rose Bowl 45–14 vs. UCLA
Ray Eliot

1947
Michigan*
6–0
10–0
#2
Started in 1950
W Rose Bowl 49–0 vs. USC
Fritz Crisler

1948
Michigan*
5–0
9–0
#1
Started in 1950
–
Bennie Oosterbaan

1949
Michigan
4–1–1
6–2–1
#7
Started in 1950
–
Bennie Oosterbaan

Ohio State
4–1–1
7–1–2
#4
Started in 1950
W Rose Bowl 17-14 vs. California
Wes Fesler

1950
Michigan
4–1–1
6–3–1
#9
#6
W Rose Bowl 14–6 vs. California
Bennie Oosterbaan

1951
Illinois
5–0–1
9–0–1
#4
#3
W Rose Bowl 40–7 vs. Stanford
Ray Eliot

1952
Purdue
4–1–1
4–3–2
#18
#12
–
Stu Holcomb

Wisconsin
4–1–1
6–3–1
#11
#10
L Rose Bowl 7–0 vs. USC
Ivy Williamson

1953
Illinois
5–1
7–1–1
#7
#7
–
Ray Eliot

Michigan State
5–1
9–1
#3
#3
W Rose Bowl 28–20 vs. UCLA
Clarence Munn

1954
Ohio State*
7–0
10–0
#1
#2
W Rose Bowl 20–7 vs. USC
Woody Hayes

1955
Ohio State
6–0
7–2
#5
#5
–
Woody Hayes

1956
Iowa
5–1
9–1
#3
#3
W Rose Bowl 35–19 vs. Oregon State
Forest Evashevski

1957
Ohio State*
7–0
9–1
#2
#1
W Rose Bowl 10–7 vs. Oregon
Woody Hayes

1958
Iowa*
5–1
8–1–1
#2
#2
W Rose Bowl 38–12 vs. California
Forest Evashevski

1959
Wisconsin
5–2
7–3
#6
#6
L Rose Bowl 44–8 vs. Washington
Milt Bruhn

1960
Iowa
5–1
8–1
#3
#2
–
Forest Evashevski

Minnesota*
6–1
8–2
#1
#1
L Rose Bowl 17–7 vs. Washington
Murray Warmath

1961
Ohio State*
6–0
8–0–1
#2
#2
–
Woody Hayes

1962
Wisconsin
6–1
8–2
#2
#2
L Rose Bowl 42–37 vs. USC
Milt Bruhn

1963
Illinois
5–1–1
8–1–1
#2
#2
W Rose Bowl 17–7 vs. Washington
Pete Elliott

1964
Michigan
6–1
9–1
#4
#4
W Rose Bowl 34–7 vs. Oregon State
Bump Elliott

1965
Michigan State*
7–0
10–1
#2
#1
L Rose Bowl 14–12 vs. UCLA
Duffy Daugherty

1966
Michigan State*
7–0
9–0–1
#2
#2
–
Duffy Daugherty

1967
Indiana
6–1
9–2
#4
#6
L Rose Bowl 14–3 vs. USC
John Pont

Minnesota
6–1
8–2
–
#14
–
Murray Warmath

Purdue
6–1
8–2
#9
#9
–
Jack Mollenkopf

1968
Ohio State*
7–0
10–0
#1
#1
W Rose Bowl 27–16 vs. USC
Woody Hayes

1969
Michigan
6–1
8–3
#9
#8
L Rose Bowl 10–3 vs. USC
Bo Schembechler

Ohio State
6–1
8–1
#4
#5
–
Woody Hayes

1970
Ohio State*
7–0
9–1
#5
#2
L Rose Bowl 27–17 vs. Stanford
Woody Hayes

1971
Michigan
8–0
11–1
#6
#4
L Rose Bowl 13–12 vs. Stanford
Bo Schembechler

1972
Michigan
7–1
10–1
#6
#6
–
Bo Schembechler

Ohio State
7–1
9–2
#9
#3
L Rose Bowl 42–17 vs. USC
Woody Hayes

1973
Michigan
7–0–1
10–0–1
#6
#6
–
Bo Schembechler

Ohio State
7–0–1
10–0–1
#2
#3
W Rose Bowl 42–21 vs. USC
Woody Hayes

1974
Michigan
7–1
10–1
#3
#5
–
Bo Schembechler

Ohio State
7–1
10–2
#4
#3
L Rose Bowl 18–17 vs. USC
Woody Hayes

1975
Ohio State
8–0
11–1
#4
#4
L Rose Bowl 23–10 vs. UCLA
Woody Hayes

1976
Michigan
7–1
10–2
#3
#3
L Rose Bowl 14–6 vs. USC
Bo Schembechler

Ohio State
7–1
9–2–1
#6
#5
W Orange Bowl 27–10 vs. Colorado
Woody Hayes

1977
Michigan
7–1
10–2
#9
#8
L Rose Bowl 27–20 vs. Washington
Bo Schembechler

Ohio State
7–1
9–3
#11
#12
L Sugar Bowl 35–6 vs. Alabama
Woody Hayes

1978
Michigan
7–1
10–2
#5
#5
L Rose Bowl 17–10 vs. USC
Bo Schembechler

Michigan State
7–1
8–3
#12
–
–
Darryl Rogers

1979
Ohio State
8–0
11–1
#4
#4
L Rose Bowl 17–16 vs. USC
Earle Bruce

1980
Michigan
8–0
10–2
#4
#4
W Rose Bowl 23–6 vs. Washington
Bo Schembechler

1981
Iowa
6–2
8–4
#18
#15
L Rose Bowl 28–0 vs. Washington
Hayden Fry

Ohio State
6–2
9–3
#15
#12
W Liberty Bowl 31–28 vs. Navy
Earle Bruce

1982
Michigan
8–1
8–4
–
#15
L Rose Bowl 24–14 vs. UCLA
Bo Schembechler

1983
Illinois
9–0
10–2
#10
#10
L Rose Bowl 45–9 vs. UCLA
Mike White

1984
Ohio State
7–2
9–3
#13
#12
L Rose Bowl 20–17 vs. USC
Earle Bruce

1985
Iowa
7–1
10–2
#10
#9
L Rose Bowl 45–28 vs. UCLA
Hayden Fry

1986
Michigan
7–1
11–2
#8
#7
L Rose Bowl 22–15 vs. Arizona State
Bo Schembechler

Ohio State
7–1
10–3
#7
#6
W Cotton Bowl Classic 28–12 vs. Texas A&M
Earle Bruce

1987
Michigan State
7–0–1
9–2–1
#8
#8
W Rose Bowl 20–17 vs. USC
George Perles

1988
Michigan
7–0–1
9–2–1
#4
#4
W Rose Bowl 22–14 vs. USC
Bo Schembechler

1989
Michigan
8–0
10–2
#7
#8
L Rose Bowl 17–10 vs. USC
Bo Schembechler

1990
Illinois
6–2
8–4
#25
#24
L Hall of Fame Bowl 30–0 vs. Clemson
John Mackovic

Iowa
6–2
8–4
#18
#16
L Rose Bowl 46–34 vs. Washington
Hayden Fry

Michigan
6–2
9–3
#7
#8
W Gator Bowl 35–3 vs. Ole Miss
Gary Moeller

Michigan State
6–2
8–3–1
#16
#14
W John Hancock Bowl 17–16 vs. USC
George Perles

1991
Michigan
8–0
10–2
#6
#6
L Rose Bowl 34–14 vs. Washington
Gary Moeller

1992
Michigan
6–0–2
9–0–3
#5
#5
W Rose Bowl 38–31 vs. Washington
Gary Moeller

1993
Ohio State
6–1–1
10–1–1
#11
#10
W Holiday Bowl 28–21 vs. BYU
John Cooper

Wisconsin
6–1–1
10–1–1
#6
#5
W Rose Bowl 21–16 vs. UCLA
Barry Alvarez

1994
Penn State
8–0
12–0
#2
#2
W Rose Bowl 38–20 vs. Oregon
Joe Paterno

1995
Northwestern
8–0
10–2
#8
#7
L Rose Bowl 41–32 vs. USC
Gary Barnett

1996
Northwestern
7–1
9–3
#15
#16
L Florida Citrus Bowl 48–28 vs. Tennessee
Gary Barnett

Ohio State
7–1
11–1
#2
#2
W Rose Bowl 20–17 vs. Arizona State
John Cooper

1997
Michigan*
8–0
12–0
#1
#2
W Rose Bowl 21–16 vs. Washington State
Lloyd Carr

1998
Michigan
7–1
10–3
#12
#12
W Florida Citrus Bowl 45–31 vs. Arkansas
Lloyd Carr

Ohio State
7–1
11–1
#2
#2
W Sugar Bowl 24–14 vs. Texas A&M
John Cooper

Wisconsin
7–1
11–1
#6
#5
W Rose Bowl 38–31 vs. UCLA
Barry Alvarez

1999
Wisconsin
7–1
10–2
#4
#4
W Rose Bowl 17–9 vs. Stanford
Barry Alvarez

2000
Michigan
6–2
9–3
#11
#10
W Florida Citrus Bowl 31–28 vs. Auburn
Lloyd Carr

Northwestern
6–2
8–4
–
–
L Alamo Bowl 66–17 vs. Nebraska
Randy Walker

Purdue
6–2
8–4
#13
#13
L Rose Bowl 34–24 vs. Washington
Joe Tiller

2001
Illinois
7–1
10–2
#12
#12
L Sugar Bowl 47–34 vs. LSU
Ron Turner

2002
Iowa
8–0
11–2
#8
#8
L Orange Bowl 38–17 vs. USC
Kirk Ferentz

Ohio State*
8–0
14–0
#1
#1
W Fiesta Bowl 31–24 vs. Miami
Jim Tressel

2003
Michigan
7–1
10–3
#6
#7
L Rose Bowl 28–14 vs. USC
Lloyd Carr

2004
Iowa
7–1
10–2
#8
#8
W Capital One Bowl 30–25 vs. LSU
Kirk Ferentz

Michigan
7–1
9–3
#14
#12
L Rose Bowl 38–37 vs. Texas
Lloyd Carr

2005
Ohio State
7–1
10–2
#4
#4
W Fiesta Bowl 34–20 vs. Notre Dame
Jim Tressel

Penn State
7–1
11–1
#3
#3
W Orange Bowl 26–23 3OT vs. Florida State
Joe Paterno

2006
Ohio State
8–0
12–1
#2
#2
L BCS Championship Game 41–14 vs. Florida
Jim Tressel

2007
Ohio State
7–1
11–2
#5
#4
L BCS Championship Game 38–24 vs. LSU
Jim Tressel

2008
Ohio State
7–1
10–3
#9
#11
L Fiesta Bowl 24–21 vs. Texas
Jim Tressel

Penn State
7–1
11–2
#8
#8
L Rose Bowl 24-38 vs. USC
Joe Paterno

2009
Ohio State
7–1
11–2
#5
#5
W Rose Bowl 26–17 vs. Oregon
Jim Tressel

2010^
Michigan State
7–1
11–2
#14
#14
L Capital One Bowl 49–7 vs. Alabama
Mark Dantonio

Wisconsin
7–1
11–2
#7
#8
L Rose Bowl 21–19 vs. TCU
Bret Bielema

2011
Wisconsin
6–2
11–3
#10
#11
L Rose Bowl 45–38 vs. Oregon
Bret Bielema

2012
Wisconsin
4–4
8–6
–
–
L Rose Bowl 20–14 vs. Stanford
Bret Bielema

2013
Michigan State
8–0
13–1
#3
#3
W Rose Bowl 24–20 vs. Stanford
Mark Dantonio

2014
Ohio State*
8–0
14–1
#1
#1
W CFP Semifinal at Sugar Bowl 42–35 vs. Alabama
W College Football Playoff National Championship 42–20 vs. Oregon
Urban Meyer

2015
Michigan State
7–1
12–2
#6
#6
L CFP Semifinal at Cotton Bowl 38–0 vs. Alabama
Mark Dantonio

2016
Penn State
8–1
11–3
#7
#7
L Rose Bowl 52–49 vs. USC
James Franklin

2017
Ohio State
8–1
12–2
#5
#5
W Cotton Bowl 24–7 vs. USC
Urban Meyer

tag: table

text: Note: an asterisk (*) denotes a national championship for that season recognized by the College Football Data Warehouse.

tag: p

text: ^ Ohio State vacated all wins from the 2010 season and its share of the championship due to NCAA violations.

text: Championships by team[edit]

text:
Team
Big Ten
Championships
Years

Michigan
42
1898, 1901, 1902, 1903, 1904, 1906, 1918, 1922, 1923, 1925, 1926, 1930, 1931, 1932, 1933, 1943, 1947, 1948, 1949, 1950, 1964, 1969, 1971, 1972, 1973, 1974, 1976, 1977, 1978, 1980, 1982, 1986, 1988, 1989, 1990, 1991, 1992, 1997, 1998, 2000, 2003, 2004

Ohio State
36^
1916, 1917, 1920, 1935, 1939, 1942, 1944, 1949, 1954, 1955, 1957, 1961, 1968, 1969, 1970, 1972, 1973, 1974, 1975, 1976, 1977, 1979, 1981, 1984, 1986, 1993, 1996, 1998, 2002, 2005, 2006, 2007, 2008, 2009, 2014, 2017

Minnesota
18
1900, 1903, 1904, 1906, 1909, 1910, 1911, 1915, 1927, 1933, 1934, 1935, 1937, 1938, 1940, 1941, 1960, 1967

Illinois
15
1910, 1914, 1915, 1918, 1919, 1923, 1927, 1928, 1946, 1951, 1953, 1963, 1983, 1990, 2001

Wisconsin
14
1896, 1897, 1901, 1906, 1912, 1952, 1959, 1962, 1993, 1998, 1999, 2010, 2011, 2012

Iowa
11
1900, 1921, 1922, 1956, 1958, 1960, 1981, 1985, 1990, 2002, 2004

Michigan State
9
1953, 1965, 1966, 1978, 1987, 1990, 2010, 2013, 2015

Northwestern
8
1903, 1926, 1930, 1931, 1936, 1995, 1996, 2000

Purdue
8
1918, 1929, 1931, 1932, 1943, 1952, 1967, 2000

Chicago
7
1899, 1905, 1907, 1908, 1913, 1922, 1924

Penn State
4
1994, 2005, 2008, 2016

Indiana
2
1945, 1967

Nebraska
0

Maryland
0

Rutgers
0

text: Italics indicate a school no longer competing in the Big Ten.

text: Bold indicates an outright conference championship.

text: ^ Ohio State vacated all wins from the 2010 season and its share of the title.

text: Championships by head coach[edit]

text:
Head Coach
School
Big Ten
Championships

Bo Schembechler
Michigan
13

Woody Hayes
Ohio State
13

Fielding H. Yost
Michigan
10

Henry L. Williams
Minnesota
8

Bernie Bierman
Minnesota
7

Amos Alonzo Stagg
Chicago
7

Robert Zuppke
Illinois
7

Jim Tressel
Ohio State
6^

Lloyd Carr
Michigan
5

Earle Bruce
Ohio State
4

Harry Kipke
Michigan
4

Barry Alvarez
Wisconsin
3

Bret Bielema
Wisconsin
3

John Cooper
Ohio State
3

Mark Dantonio*
Michigan State
3

Ray Eliot
Illinois
3

Forest Evashevski
Iowa
3

Hayden Fry
Iowa
3

Philip King
Wisconsin
3

Gary Moeller
Michigan
3

Bennie Oosterbaan
Michigan
3

Joe Paterno
Penn State
3

John Wilce
Ohio State
3

Gary Barnett
Northwestern
2

Milt Bruhn
Wisconsin
2

Fritz Crisler
Michigan
2

Duffy Daugherty
Michigan State
2

Kirk Ferentz*
Iowa
2

Dick Hanley
Northwestern
2

Howard Jones
Iowa
2

Noble Kizer
Purdue
2

Urban Meyer*
Ohio State
2

George Perles
Michigan State
2

Francis Schmidt
Ohio State
2

Murray Warmath
Minnesota
2

Paul Brown
Ohio State
1

Elmer Burnham
Purdue
1

Bump Elliott
Michigan
1

Pete Elliott
Illinois
1

Gustave Ferbert
Michigan
1

Wes Fesler
Ohio State
1

James Franklin*
Penn State
1

Arthur Hall
Illinois
1

Stu Holcomb
Purdue
1

Charles P. Hutchins
Wisconsin
1

William Juneau
Wisconsin
1

Alden Knipe
Iowa
1

John Mackovic
Illinois
1

Walter McCornack
Northwestern
1

Bo McMillin
Indiana
1

Jack Mollenkopf
Purdue
1

Clarence Munn
Michigan State
1

James Phelan
Purdue
1

John Pont
Indiana
1

Darryl Rogers
Michigan State
1

A. G. Scanlon
Purdue
1

Clarence Spears
Minnesota
1

Glenn Thistlethwaite
Northwestern
1

Joe Tiller
Purdue
1

Ron Turner
Illinois
1

Pappy Waldorf
Northwestern
1

Randy Walker
Northwestern
1

Mike White
Illinois
1

Carroll Widdoes
Ohio State
1

Ivy Williamson
Wisconsin
1

text:
^ Ohio State vacated all wins from the 2010 season and their share of the championship
* Active Big Ten coach

text: College football portal

tag: ul


document_title: Upper and Lower Egypt

question_text: the initial unification of upper and lower egypt took place during which period

text: Upper and Lower Egypt

text: Structure[edit]

text: Ancient Egypt was divided into two regions, namely Upper Egypt and Lower Egypt. To the north was Lower Egypt, where the Nile stretched out with its several branches to form the Nile Delta. To the south was Upper Egypt, stretching to Syene. The terminology "Upper" and "Lower" derives from the flow of the Nile from the highlands of East Africa northwards to the Mediterranean Sea.

text: The two kingdoms of Upper and Lower Egypt were united c. 3000 BC, but each maintained its own regalia: the hedjet or White Crown for Upper Egypt and the deshret or Red Crown for Lower Egypt. Thus, the pharaohs were known as the rulers of the Two Lands, and wore the pschent, a double crown, each half representing sovereignty of one of the kingdoms. Ancient Egyptian tradition credited Menes, now believed to be the same as Narmer, as the king who united Upper and Lower Egypt. On the Narmer Palette the king is depicted wearing the Red Crown in one scene and the White crown in another, and thereby showing his rule over both Lands.[4]

text: Sema Tawy and symbolism[edit]

text: The union of Upper and Lower Egypt is depicted by knotted papyrus and reed plants. The binding motif represents both harmony through linkage and domination through containment. The duality is an important part of royal iconography. Sometimes the duality is further extended by having the knotted plants extend and bind foreign foes (both from the North and the South) as well.[4]

text: During the first dynasty dualistic royal titles emerge, including the King of Upper and Lower Egypt ( nsw-bi.tj) title which combines the plant representing Upper Egypt and a bee representing Lower Egypt. The other dualistic title is the Two Ladies name or Nebty name. The two ladies as Nekhbet, the vulture goddess associated with Hierakonpolis in Upper Egypt, and Wadjet, the cobra goddess associated with Buto in Lower Egypt.[4]

text: There are many depictions of the ritual unifications of the Two Lands. It is not known if this was perhaps a rite that would have been enacted at the beginning of a reign, or merely a symbolic representation. Many of the depictions of the unification show two gods binding the plants. Often the gods are Horus and Set, or on occasion Horus and Thoth. There are several examples of Barque stands from the reigns of Amenhotep III (Hermopolis), Taharqa (Gebel Barkal), and Atlanersa (Gebel Barkal) that show two river gods performing the rite. This matches a scene from the Temple at Abu Simbel from the time of Ramesses II.[5]

text: There are only a handful of scenes that show the King himself performing the ritual. All of these are from barque stands and date to the reigns of Amenhotep III, Sety I and Ramesses III. The latter two may be copies of the first one.[5]

text:
The river god Hapi uniting Upper and Lower Egypt. Colossi of Memnon. Reign of Amenhotep III.

Temple scene at Luxor, Thebes

Alabaster Jar depicting the sema tawy symbol with Hapy. From the tomb of Tutankhamen.

Ramesses III at the temple of Khonsu. A rare scene showing the King performing the ritual.

Sema tawy (without deities) on the side of the throne of Khephren


document_title: Mercedes-Benz Stadium

question_text: where is the new football stadium in atlanta

text: Mercedes-Benz Stadium

text: Proposal timeline[edit]

text: In May 2010, it was reported by multiple news outlets that the Atlanta Falcons were interested in demolishing the Georgia Dome and replacing it with a newly constructed open-air stadium.[18][19][20] The team was pursuing a new stadium because of the team's desire to play outdoors, as well as Falcons team owner Arthur Blank's interest in hosting another Super Bowl.[19] The stadium was also pursued as a possible bid for a venue of an upcoming FIFA World Cup.[21]

text: Kansas City-based architectural firm Populous released comprehensive plans for the proposed stadium in February 2011.[22] Populous' early cost estimate for the project was $700 million.[23] According to the master plan, the stadium would have a maximum capacity of 71,000, but can expand to 75,000 for special events such as the Super Bowl. It will also feature multiple club levels, suites and exhibition area.[22]

text: In April 2012, Populous released a new price estimate of $947.7 million, which was significantly higher than the previous proposal of $700 million.[24] In April 2012, The Atlanta Journal-Constitution reported that if a deal is reached, the new stadium's construction would be expected to begin in 2014, with the Falcons to begin regular-season play in 2017.[25][26] The proposed location of the new stadium is a large parking lot in Atlanta's Vine City neighborhood, which is less than a mile north of the Georgia Dome's current location.[27] Once construction is complete, the Georgia Dome would subsequently be demolished.[26]

text: On August 24, The Atlanta Journal-Constitution reported that an official deal could be reached on the construction of a new stadium by the end of 2012.[28] They also reported on September 10 that Atlanta mayor Kasim Reed said site improvements could likely bump the total cost to $1.2 billion; however, that does not increase the actual building cost, which still remains at an estimated $948 million.[29]

text: On December 10, the Georgia World Congress Center Authority, in a unanimous decision, approved the blueprint and most of the agreement terms for the new stadium plans. According to The Atlanta Journal-Constitution article, the term sheet is non-binding and changes could be made at any time as regards stadium construction. Stadium location, however, is yet to be worked out; proposed locations being reported are within walking distance of the Georgia Dome, with one site located one-half mile north, and the other one block directly south, at the one of the stadium's existing parking lots.[30] The project made national headlines for the first time in 2012 on December 15, with team owner Arthur Blank stating in The New York Times that he would rather a new stadium be constructed than a "remodeling job" of the Georgia Dome.[31]

text: During a January 10, 2013 press conference, Atlanta mayor Kasim Reed expressed his optimism and confidence in the construction of the new stadium; he also mentioned the possibility of the new stadium helping the city compete for its first Major League Soccer team.[32]

text: On March 7, 2013, the Atlanta Falcons and the city of Atlanta agreed to build the new downtown stadium. The maximum public contribution for the project is $200 million, coming from the hotel-motel tax in Atlanta and unincorporated Fulton County. The Atlanta City Council officially approved the stadium on March 19, 2013. The council voted, 11–4, in favor of the use of city hotel-motel taxes to pay $200 million toward construction costs and potentially several times that toward costs of financing, maintaining and operating the stadium through 2050.[33] On May 21, 2013, the NFL approved a $200 million loan to the Falcons organization for the purpose of building the stadium.[34]

text: On June 18, 2013, it was announced that the Falcons have completed a full conceptual design of the proposed new stadium, and that they have secured the initial approval to proceed with the schematic design phase. According to Doug Farrar's Shutdown Corner, "The stadium will seat approximately 70,000 people, with 180 luxury suites and 7,500 club seats." The main agency involved will be 360 Architecture, partnered with three other architectural firms.[35]

text: Arthur Blank indicated the groundbreaking of the stadium would be conducted the last week of March 2014.[36][37][38] Just after Martin Luther King, Jr. Drive was closed permanently, the Mount Vernon Baptist Church held its last Sunday service on March 9 before the historic church was demolished. Due to legal issues surrounding the issuing of bonds, the stadium did not break ground in March 2014.[39] Instead the ground was officially broken in a ceremony led by Mayor Kasim Reed on May 19, 2014.[40]

text: In a live broadcast on August 24, 2015, owner Arthur Blank announced that the new title of the stadium would be Mercedes-Benz Stadium. As the New Orleans Saints, the Falcons' archrivals in the NFC South, play in the Mercedes-Benz Superdome, this gave the division two stadiums that were sponsored by the same company. A new logo was also introduced. Steve Cannon, then CEO of Mercedes-Benz USA, also spoke at the event about the company's corporate move from New Jersey to Atlanta. Other speakers included Georgia Governor Nathan Deal and Atlanta Mayor Kasim Reed.

text: Design[edit]

text: The winning design, submitted by HOK,[41] featured an eight-panel retractable roof that resembled a pinwheel, and a glass wall that would open with the roof to allow in fresh air.[42]

text: The roof design included eight triangular translucent panels, that when opened would create the illusion of a bird's wings extended. Surrounding the opening of the roof would be a halo video board that would enclose the playing surface, stretching from one of the 10-yard lines to the other and then curving around the end zones to complete the oval.[43] Each of the eight panels operates on two parallel rails; one rail is responsible for moving the panel while the other rail stabilizes the panel.[17]

text: In January 2015, the Falcons announced the hiring of Daktronics, a South Dakota-based firm, to build the stadium's electronics display. The announced features included a circular 58-by-1,100-foot (18 by 335 m) circular LED board that would ring the opening of the stadium's roof, and would be "three times as large as the current largest single display board in the NFL" installed at EverBank Field in Jacksonville (also built by Daktronics). In addition, the company installed more than 20,000 square feet (1,900 m2) of other LED boards, including field-level advertising boards for soccer games.[44]

text: The design included a 100-yard bar that would stretch the length of the football field in the upper concourse, along with a fantasy football lounge and premium club seating at field level, behind the teams' benches.[45]

text: The stadium also incorporated contemporary art into its interior and exterior design, with over 180 specially commissioned works, including pieces by Nari Ward, Hank Willis Thomas, and Steven and William Ladd. The centerpiece of the art collection was to be Gábor Miklós Szőke’s steel sculpture "Rise Up," which the artist claimed would be the largest freestanding bird sculpture in the world. The falcon, perched atop a 13-foot-tall bronze football, is 41 feet high, with a wingspan of 70 feet. The over-73,000-pound artwork, stands in front of the stadium, and as tall as a four-story building. [46]

text: Architect Bill Johnson said the circular opening in the roof was inspired by the Roman Pantheon ("Pantheon" was also the working name for the building design). The roof was designed to be made of a clear, lightweight polymer material that can adjust its opacity to control light, and much of the exterior will be clear polymer or glass to allow views to the outside. The middle concourse and upper bowl were eliminated in the east end zone to allow for an unobstructed view of the Atlanta skyline.[42]

text: Atlanta United FC General Manager Jim Smith said the design had "soccer in mind from the very beginning", pointing to the retracting lower bowl seats to widen the field, and mechanized curtains that limit the capacity to about 42,500 and make the stadium feel more intimate.[47]

text: The stadium features a Chick-fil-A location, a business that famously closes on Sundays, despite its main tenant, the Falcons, playing most of their home games on Sundays. The location opens when the Falcons have a Monday night or Thursday night home game, as well as non-Sunday home games of Atlanta United FC and other events at the stadium. On Sundays, the digital signs will be flipped and concessionaire Levy Restaurants will sell non-branded food and drinks at the location[48]

text: Construction delays[edit]

text: Mercedes-Benz Stadium's projected opening date was delayed three times due to the complexity of the eight-panel retractable roof. The stadium was originally intended to open on March 1, 2017; however, the opening date was later delayed to June 1, 2017, then to July 30, 2017, and then to August 26, 2017. Steve Cannon, CEO of the Atlanta Falcons' parent company AMB Group, stated that the Falcons' preseason schedule and the Chick-fil-a Kickoff Games would not be affected by the new opening date; however, three of Atlanta United's matches would be affected. The July 30 game against Orlando City SC was moved to Atlanta United's interim home of Bobby Dodd Stadium for July 29 while two home matches scheduled in August were moved to later dates. Additionally, the Georgia Dome's demolition was put on hold until the new stadium's certificate of occupancy could be issued.[16] On June 9, 2017, stadium officials announced that they were confident that Mercedes-Benz Stadium would open as scheduled, and demolition of the Georgia Dome had resumed, with the Dome scheduled for implosion on November 20, 2017.[49]

text: On July 25, 2017, stadium officials reported that the roof would be in the closed position during the Falcons' preseason games and the Chick-fil-A Kickoff games while contractors continue to fine tune the roof to allow all eight panels to work in sync. Falcons' President Rich McKay also stated that the roof would remain closed whenever outside temperatures exceed 80 °F (27 °C).[50] On August 16, 2017, WXIA reported that construction of the retractable roof system was intentionally delayed by stadium and construction officials to ensure the roof's long term operability and to ensure that other parts of the stadium would be completed on time.[51]

text: On September 10, 2017, the Falcons announced that, contrary to earlier plans, the stadium roof would in fact be open during the Falcons home opener on September 17 against the Green Bay Packers if weather permitted.[52] On October 6, 2017, stadium officials announced that the roof would be opened, weather permitting, for Atlanta United's regular season finale against Toronto FC on October 22; stadium officials also stated that the roof would remain closed for the remainder of the Falcons' regular season as well as for any home matches hosted by Atlanta United during the 2017 MLS Cup Playoffs as contractors continue to work on fully mechanizing the roof.[53]

text: Costs and funding[edit]

text: In December 2014, the Georgia World Congress Center's board of governors approved a resolution to raise the cost of the stadium to $1.2 billion. The stadium was initially slated to cost $1 billion, then rose to $1.2 billion in October 2013.[54]

text: The city has agreed to contribute $200 million in stadium bonds, but with additional tax revenues[55] and with the state of Georgia contributing $40 million for parking expansion, public spending is expected to reach near $600 million.[56]

text: In January 2015, the Falcons announced the sale of personal seat licenses (PSL) costing up to $45,000 per seat, depending on the section of the stadium. The most expensive tickets is priced at $385 per game, in addition to one-time PSL fees, for the first three years.[57]

text: On August 21, 2015, the Atlanta Journal-Constitution reported that Mercedes-Benz would acquire the naming rights for the stadium, and this was later confirmed by a press conference at the stadium site on August 24. Under the stadium deal with the city of Atlanta and the Georgia World Congress Center Authority, the Falcons organization controls the stadium's naming rights and receives all related revenue. Then-Mercedes-Benz USA CEO Steve Cannon, who would subsequently join the Falcons' organization in 2016 as CEO of AMB Group,[58] stated that the sponsorship would last 27 years, calling it the largest marketing deal in Mercedes-Benz' history, but Cannon would not disclose the full value of the deal. Mercedes-Benz also holds a 10-year naming rights contract for the former Louisiana Superdome signed in 2011.[59]

text: Events[edit]

text: College sports[edit]

text:
In April 2014, the Peach Bowl, one of the six rotating semifinal sites for the College Football Playoff, announced it would move to the new stadium from the Georgia Dome beginning with the 2017 season.[60]
On November 15, 2014, the NCAA announced Mercedes-Benz Stadium will hold the men's college basketball Final Four in 2020.[61]
On July 9, 2015, the Chick-fil-A Peach Bowl announced the stadium would host the college football Chick-fil-A Kickoff Game on September 2, 2017, featuring the Alabama Crimson Tide and the Florida State Seminoles.[62] On July 20, 2015, it was announced the stadium would feature a second Chick-fil-A Kickoff Game on September 4, 2017, between the Georgia Tech Yellow Jackets and the Tennessee Volunteers.[63]
On September 8, 2015, it was announced that the SEC Championship Game would be held at the stadium beginning in 2017 and remain there until 2027.[64]
On November 4, 2015, it was announced that the 2018 College Football Playoff National Championship would be held at the stadium on January 8, 2018, beating out Houston, Miami Gardens, and Santa Clara.[65]

text: Concerts[edit]

text:
Date
Artist
Opening act(s)
Tour / Concert name
Attendance
Revenue
Notes

October 12, 2017
Garth Brooks
Trisha Yearwood
N/A
The Garth Brooks World Tour with Trisha Yearwood
TBA
TBA
First concert to be held at the stadium[66]

November 10, 2018
Ed Sheeran
TBA
÷ Tour
TBA
TBA
[67]

text: Other major events[edit]

text:
On May 24, 2016, the NFL announced that the stadium would host Super Bowl LIII in 2019.[68]
On October 22, 2017, Atlanta United played an MLS regular season match versus Toronto FC at Mercedes-Benz Stadium in front of 71,874 spectators, beating the record ATL UTD set for the largest crowd in a stand-alone MLS match they set in September against Orlando City. Also, ATL UTD set a single-season record for attendance. [69]
On October 23, 2017, MLS announced that the 2018 MLS All Star Game will take place at Mercedes-Benz Stadium. The date and opponent are to be determined. [70]
On March 3, 2018, the stadium will host a round of the AMA Supercross Championship, replacing the Georgia Dome which had been part of the schedule since 1993.


document_title: The Ranch (TV series)

question_text: who plays rooster's girlfriend on the ranch

question_tokens: who plays rooster 's girlfriend on the ranch

text: The Ranch (TV series)

text: Cast[edit]

text: Main[edit]

text:
Ashton Kutcher as Colt Bennett, a former high school and college football star who returns to his hometown after a fifteen-year absence for a tryout, but ultimately helps his father and older brother on their family ranch. Colt is frequently the butt of jokes from his father and brother, particularly when it comes to his ranching skills (or lack thereof) and his disappointing pro football career. He is a heavy drinker and has a penchant for not using common sense, but he seems to have a heart of gold and tries to do right by others. Based on his various T-shirts and dialogue throughout the first season, it's implied that Colt has played for the Barcelona Dragons, San Jose SaberCats, Spokane Shock, Orlando Predators, Nebraska Danger, Iowa Barnstormers, Green Bay Blizzard, Minnesota Axemen and Philadelphia Soul. Dialogue also states that he was a member of teams in Canada, notably the fictional Saskatoon Cold ("Like the Miami Heat... only cold") and Alaska, as well as that he was in the practice squad of the Buffalo Bills. He also states in the first episode he was the back up of the back up of the back up for Florida State and won the championship in 1999.
Danny Masterson as Jameson “Rooster” Bennett, Colt's older brother. He has lived and worked on the ranch since Colt left to follow his football career, at times showing a bitter attitude for the burden of responsibility this caused him. Despite living in Colt's shadow he is far more competent on the ranch as well as a more level headed thinker. He has, however, been just as irresponsible as Colt, drinking too much and sleeping around. (seasons 1–3)
Debra Winger as Margaret "Maggie" Bennett, owner of Maggie's, and Colt and Rooster's mother. Maggie is divorced from Beau and lives in a trailer behind the bar she owns. Much more lighthearted and caring than Beau, her company and advice is often sought out by the boys on how to deal with problems, especially those concerning their father. Maggie is something of a hippie and is an avid marijuana smoker.
Elisha Cuthbert as Abigail "Abby" Phillips, a Garrison High School history teacher and Colt's high school and current girlfriend. Abby was in a five-year relationship with Kenny and was briefly engaged to him, but ultimately she broke it off and hooked back up with Colt. (recurring, season 1; main cast, season 2–present)
Sam Elliott as Beau Bennett, Maggie's ex-husband, and Colt and Rooster's father. A Vietnam War veteran, he has worked the ranch since returning from the war and taking it over after his father died. Beau is a conservative republican. Beau is difficult to get along with, perpetually annoyed with everyone and everything. He has an estrange relationship with Rooster and Colt. He detests many modern amenities and is easily angered by his sons' antics. Beau appears to be a Republican with a special affinity for Ronald Reagan but at times seems to despise all politicians regardless of affiliation.

text: Recurring[edit]

text:
Barry Corbin as Dale Rivers, a hearing-impaired veterinarian and close friend of Beau's
Grady Lee Richmond as Hank, a regular Maggie's patron
Bret Harrison as Kenneth "Kenny" Ballard, a Courtyard by Marriott manager and Abby's ex-fiancé
Megyn Price as Mary Roth, a Cracker Barrel waitress and Rooster's older girlfriend
Kelli Goss as Heather Roth, Mary's younger daughter and Colt's ex-girlfriend, was pregnant with their child.
Molly McCook as Darlene Roth, Mary's older daughter
Kathy Baker as Joanne, a Cracker Barrel waitress, Mary's friend, and potential new love interest for Beau
Ethan Suplee as "Beer Pong Billy" Tompkins, a police officer and high school friend of Colt and Rooster's
Aimee Teegarden as Nikki, Heather's friend and Billy's fiancée
Chasty Ballesteros as Tanya Showers, a sexy weather reporter and Kenny's current girlfriend
Laura Vallejo as Maria, a Maggie's waitress
Sharon Lawrence as Brenda Sanders, a widowed hairdresser who befriended Beau when he and Maggie separated
Maggie Lawson as Jen the engineer, who wants to build a pipeline underneath the Bennett Ranch and Rooster love interest.

text: Special Guests[edit]

text:
Jon Cryer as Bill Jensen, a loan officer and former high school football referee
Wilmer Valderrama as Umberto, a former Iron River ranch hand, former employee of Neumann's Hill at the My Little Pony Ranch. He is Rooster and Colt's friend. Currently deported.
Martin Mull as Jerry, Maggie's sometimes acid-tripping attorney
John Amos as Ed Bishop, a longtime family friend of the Bennetts and a Neumann's Hill employee
Thomas F. Wilson as Coach Fitzgerald, the Garrison High School head football coach
Debra Jo Rupp as Janice Phillips, Abby's mother (Season 2)
Jim Beaver as Chuck Phillips, Abby's father, who like Janice is disdainful of Abby's relationship with Colt (Season 2)
Conchata Ferrell as Shirley (Season 2)
Lou Diamond Phillips as Clint, a traveling musician attracted to Maggie (Season 2)
Kurtwood Smith as Sam Peterson, neighbor of the Iron River Ranch (Season 2)

text: Cameos[edit]

text:
Joe Firstman
Pearl Charles
Kurt Neumann
Bukka Allen
Sam Hawksley
Thomas Rhett

text: Episodes[edit]

text: Series overview[edit]

text:
Season
Episodes
Originally released

1
20
10
April 1, 2016 (2016-04-01)

10
October 7, 2016 (2016-10-07)

2
20
10
June 16, 2017 (2017-06-16)

10
December 15, 2017 (2017-12-15)

text: Season 1 (2016)[edit]

text:
No.
overall
No. in
season
Title
Directed by
Written by
Original release date

Part 1

1
1
"Back Where I Come From"
David Trainer
Don Reo & Jim Patterson
April 1, 2016 (2016-04-01)

When Colt Bennett returns home from Canada to try out for a semipro Denver team, he learns that his family's ranch has fallen on hard times.

2
2
"Some People Change"
David Trainer
Story by : Don Reo & Jim Patterson
Teleplay by : Matt Ross & Max Searle
April 1, 2016 (2016-04-01)

Colt runs into an ex at Maggie's bar and reminisces with Rooster over a bottle of whiskey. Getting back in Beau's good graces is a losing battle.

3
3
"The Boys of Fall"
David Trainer
Story by : Steve Tompkins & Nathan Chetty
Teleplay by : Jim Patterson & Jamie Rhonheimer
April 1, 2016 (2016-04-01)

When his inflated ego lands him in hot water, Colt realizes he's not the big man on campus anymore. Beau's doctor makes him trade in steak for salad.

4
4
"Got a Little Crazy"
David Trainer
Story by : Don Reo & Jim Patterson
Teleplay by : Steve Tompkins & Nikki Schiefelbein
April 1, 2016 (2016-04-01)

Colt smooths things over with Abby. When Maggie drags Beau to the Marriott for a romantic evening, the guys have some fun back at the house.

5
5
"American Kids"
David Trainer
Story by : Matt Ross & Max Searle
Teleplay by : Don Reo & Jeff Lowell
April 1, 2016 (2016-04-01)

Rooster and Colt's long-simmering rivalry comes to a head on the first day of hunting season. But their bickering has an upside for Beau and Maggie.

6
6
"Better as a Memory"
David Trainer
Story by : Jamie Rhonheimer & Jeff Lowell
Teleplay by : Don Reo & Nathan Chetty
April 1, 2016 (2016-04-01)

Abby gets a taste of her own medicine after a hazy night of drinking. Beau warms to the idea of mending fences with Maggie.

7
7
"I Can't Go There"
David Trainer
Story by : Matt Ross & Max Searle
Teleplay by : Jim Patterson & Nathan Chetty
April 1, 2016 (2016-04-01)

Colt figures out what he wants from Heather. A sick calf gives Beau an excuse to avoid dealing with his feelings -- and creates some unexpected bonds.

8
8
"Til It's Gone"
David Trainer
Story by : Steve Tompkins & Steve Leff
Teleplay by : Jamie Rhonheimer & Matt Ross
April 1, 2016 (2016-04-01)

The ranch's dwindling finances drive a wedge between Beau and the boys, and Colt goes behind his father's back to ask Maggie for help.

9
9
"There Goes My Life"
David Trainer
Story by : Don Reo & Jim Patterson
Teleplay by : Max Searle & Nathan Chetty
April 1, 2016 (2016-04-01)

Heather sets up Rooster with her sister, but Colt's afraid he'll ruin a good thing. Maggie and Beau air their dirty laundry at marriage counseling.

10
10
"Down the Road"
David Trainer
Story by : Don Reo & Jim Patterson & Nathan Chetty
Teleplay by : Matt Ross & Max Searle
April 1, 2016 (2016-04-01)

Colt and Rooster worry when Beau has a change of heart about the calves. But that's just the beginning of the surprises that await the Bennett clan.

Part 2

11
1
"Gone as a Girl Can Get"
David Trainer
Story by : Steve Tompkins & Jeff Lowell
Teleplay by : Don Reo & Jim Patterson
October 7, 2016 (2016-10-07)

An angry Beau clears Maggie's things out of the house. Colt tries to sort out his feelings for Abby and Heather.

12
2
"Living and Living Well"
David Trainer
Story by : Matt Ross & Max Searle
Teleplay by : Jamie Rhonheimer & Nathan Chetty
October 7, 2016 (2016-10-07)

Colt struggles to keep his relationship with Abby under wraps. The boys make a big purchase and try to sell Beau on a business opportunity.

13
3
"Sittin' on the Fence"
David Trainer
Story by : Don Reo & Jeff Lowell
Teleplay by : Jim Patterson & Steve Tompkins
October 7, 2016 (2016-10-07)

Beau's depressed over Maggie, so Mary tries to fix him up with a friend. Colt wonders when Abby's going to follow through on her promise.

14
4
"Let's Fall to Pieces Together"
David Trainer
Story by : Jamie Rhonheimer & Nikki Schiefelbein
Teleplay by : Matt Ross & Steve Leff
October 7, 2016 (2016-10-07)

While Rooster tries to broker peace between Beau and Maggie, Colt apologizes to Heather -- but his timing couldn't be worse.

15
5
"I Know She Still Loves Me"
David Trainer
Story by : Don Reo & Jim Patterson
Teleplay by : Jeff Lowell & Max Searle
October 7, 2016 (2016-10-07)

Beau and Maggie come to a decision about their relationship, but they don't see eye to eye on the ranch. The boys take Kenny out drinking.

16
6
"Easy Come, Easy Go"
David Trainer
Story by : Matt Ross & Max Searle
Teleplay by : Don Reo & Nathan Chetty
October 7, 2016 (2016-10-07)

Rooster and Colt try to prove themselves to Beau, but he doesn't have much faith in them. Colt gets jealous when he sees Abby and Kenny together.

17
7
"I've Come to Expect It from You"
David Trainer
Story by : Jim Patterson & Jamie Rhonheimer
Teleplay by : Steve Tompkins & Jeff Lowell
October 7, 2016 (2016-10-07)

Colt plans a special date with Abby. Rooster vents his frustrations to Maggie, while Joanne gives Beau some sage advice.

18
8
"The Cowboy Rides Away"
David Trainer
Story by : Nikki Schiefelbein & Nathan Chetty
Teleplay by : Jim Patterson & Steve Leff
October 7, 2016 (2016-10-07)

Beau tries to make amends with the boys, but it may be too little, too late. A job offer drives a wedge between Rooster and Colt.

19
9
"Leavin's Been Comin' (For a Long, Long Time)"
David Trainer
Story by : Jamie Rhonheimer & Steve Tompkins
Teleplay by : Don Reo & Jeff Lowell
October 7, 2016 (2016-10-07)

Maggie stands up for Rooster when Beau kicks him out of the house. Meanwhile, Colt is torn between his brother and his father.

20
10
"Merry Christmas (Wherever You Are)"
David Trainer
Story by : Don Reo & Jim Patterson
Teleplay by : Matt Ross & Max Searle
October 7, 2016 (2016-10-07)

Colt realizes what he wants for his future, Beau and Maggie find some closure, and the gang celebrates Christmas at the bar.

text: Season 2 (2017)[edit]

text:
No.
overall
No. in
season
Title
Directed by
Written by
Original release date

Part 3

21
1
"My Next Thirty Years"
David Trainer
Story by : Don Reo & Jim Patterson
Teleplay by : Matt Ross & Max Searle
June 16, 2017 (2017-06-16)

After Heather drops a bombshell, a visit from Abby's parents is the last thing Colt needs -- and they all end up at church together on Christmas Eve.

22
2
"Things Change"
David Trainer
Story by : Steve Tompkins & Jeff Lowell
Teleplay by : Jamie Rhonheimer & Nathan Chetty
June 16, 2017 (2017-06-16)

Heather makes a decision about the pregnancy. Mary reads Rooster the riot act for keeping it a secret, and Colt struggles with how to tell Abby.

23
3
"Take Me Away from Here"
David Trainer
Story by : Jim Patterson & Nathan Chetty
Teleplay by : Max Searle & Steve Leff
June 16, 2017 (2017-06-16)

After a heart-to-heart with Maggie, Colt steps up and supports Heather. Meanwhile, the tension between Rooster and Beau takes a toll on Maggie.

24
4
"She'll Have You Back"
David Trainer
Story by : Don Reo & Steve Leff
Teleplay by : Matt Ross & Nikki Schiefelbein
June 16, 2017 (2017-06-16)

Abby agrees to give Colt a chance, but her father isn't as forgiving. Beau and Rooster go to a cattle auction. Maggie thinks about selling the bar.

25
5
"My Best Friend"
David Trainer
Story by : Ashton Kutcher & Carla Filisha
Teleplay by : Steve Tompkins & Jamie Rhonheimer
June 16, 2017 (2017-06-16)

The guys wind up in hot water after an ice fishing trip. Beau takes Brenda out to dinner, but Maggie's not far from his mind.

26
6
"Find Out Who Your Friends Are"
David Trainer
Story by : Don Reo & Jeff Lowell
Teleplay by : Max Williger
June 16, 2017 (2017-06-16)

Emotions run high when Abby and Heather fight, leaving Colt caught in the middle. Rooster faces the consequences of blowing off work.

27
7
"One of Those Nights"
David Trainer
Story by : Matt Ross & Max Searle
Teleplay by : Jim Patterson & Jason Zumwalt
June 16, 2017 (2017-06-16)

During a snowstorm, Colt and Abby head out of town, Beau and Joanne get cozy at the ranch, and Maggie meets a charming stranger.

28
8
"I Didn't Ask and She Didn't Say"
David Trainer
Story by : Steve Tompkins & Nikki Schiefelbein
Teleplay by : Bryce VanKooten & William Vallery
June 16, 2017 (2017-06-16)

Colt gets possessive when Heather starts dating a teacher. Abby gives Beau relationship advice. Maggie has a business proposition for Rooster.

29
9
"Last Dollar (Fly Away)"
David Trainer
Story by : Jamie Rhonheimer & Nikki Schiefelbein
Teleplay by : Matt Ross & Max Searle
June 16, 2017 (2017-06-16)

As Heather's medical bills roll in, Colt realizes how expensive it is having a baby. A surprise visitor at the bar sweeps Maggie off her feet.

30
10
"Can't Really Be Gone"
David Trainer
Story by : Jim Patterson & Jeff Lowell
Teleplay by : Don Reo & Nathan Chetty
June 16, 2017 (2017-06-16)

Colt's new responsibilities keep him away from Abby. After a memorable night, Maggie ponders what she wants for her future.

Part 4

31
1
"Learning to Live Again"
David Trainer
Story by : Don Reo & Jim Patterson
Teleplay by : Jamie Rhonheimer & Nathan Chetty
December 15, 2017 (2017-12-15)

Colt wants to buy Sam Peterson's ranch -- with or without his family's blessing. Colt and Heather have a heart-to-heart about their loss.

32
2
"Wrapped Up in You"
David Trainer
Story by : Matt Ross & Max Searle
Teleplay by : Steve Tompkins & Jeff Lowell
December 15, 2017 (2017-12-15)

Wondering if he's ready to marry Abby, Colt seeks romantic advice from an unlikely source: Beau. Rooster hires a flaky new waitress.

33
3
"Rodeo and Juliet"
David Trainer
Story by : Don Reo & Max Searle
Teleplay by : Carla Filisha & Steve Leff
December 15, 2017 (2017-12-15)

Beau ponders a lucrative business offer. Rooster runs afoul of the liquor board. Colt tries to make peace with Abby's Dad.

34
4
"Much Too Young (To Feel this Old)"
David Trainer
Story by : Jim Patterson & Matt Ross
Teleplay by : Jamie Rhonheimer & Nathan Chetty
December 15, 2017 (2017-12-15)

Colt and Abby start planning their wedding, but they don't see eye to eye. Joanne confesses she still has feelings for Beau.

35
5
"More Than a Memory"
David Trainer
Story by : Steve Tompkins & Steve Leff
Teleplay by : Jim Patterson & Jeff Lowell
December 15, 2017 (2017-12-15)

Abby moves in with Colt and Beau when she learns she's losing her job. Rooster and Jen the engineer bond over getting dumped.

36
6
"When You Come Back to Me Again"
David Trainer
Story by : Bryce VanKooten & William Vallery
Teleplay by : Matt Ross & Max Searle
December 15, 2017 (2017-12-15)

Back in town, Maggie frets about how Rooster's been running the bar. Abby considers a career change.

37
7
"Do What You Gotta Do"
David Trainer
Jamie Rhonheimer & Nathan Chetty
December 15, 2017 (2017-12-15)

A job opportunity in Denver threatens to drive a wedge between Colt and Abby. Maggie pushes back about the pipeline.

38
8
"Big Money"
David Trainer
Story by : Matt Ross & Nathan Chetty
Teleplay by : Jeff Lowell & Nikki Schiefelbein
December 15, 2017 (2017-12-15)

Maggie takes a stand that lands her in hot water. Colt and Rooster come up with a plan to buy the Peterson ranch, but they need Beau's buy-in.

39
9
"Ain't Goin' Down ('Til the Sun Comes Up)"
David Trainer
Story by : Steve Tompkins & Max Searle
Teleplay by : Jamie Rhonheimer & Nathan Chetty
December 15, 2017 (2017-12-15)

Beau shrugs off the doctor's orders and resists the family's efforts to help him. Meanwhile, Colt lashes out at Maggie.

40
10
"If Tomorrow Never Comes"
David Trainer
Story by : Don Reo & Jim Patterson
Teleplay by : Matt Ross & Max Searle
December 15, 2017 (2017-12-15)

Beau leaves the boys hanging about the Peterson ranch. Rooster takes Jen on a date. Colt and Abby fight about their future.

text: Reception[edit]

text: The Ranch has been met with mixed reviews from critics. The review aggregator website Rotten Tomatoes gives the series an approval rating of 80% based on 92 reviews, with an average rating of 4.5/5. The site's critical consensus reads, "A formulaic set-up and predictable plotting are elevated by The Ranch's surprising sensitivity and strong performances."[14] Metacritic gave the series a score of 56 out of 100, based on 20 critics, indicating "mixed or average reviews".[15]

text: Writing for Slate in a positive review, television critic Willa Paskin wrote of the show, "The Ranch is a red-state sitcom, though it takes place in the swing state of Colorado, and is good enough to be watched by people of any political affiliation" and "The goodness sneaks up on you."[16] Los Angeles Times wrote: "[Elliott and Winger's] scenes together, as restrained as they are, are the show's most emotionally resonant. You will want to check them out."[17]


document_title: Gunsmoke: To the Last Man

question_text: where was gunsmoke to the last man filmed

text: Gunsmoke: To the Last Man

text: This article needs additional citations for verification. Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. (January 2012) (Learn how and when to remove this template message)

text:
Gunsmoke: To the Last Man

Genre
Western

Written by
Earl W. Wallace

Directed by
Jerry Jameson

Starring
James Arness
Pat Hingle
Amy Stoch

Theme music composer
Artie Kane

Country of origin
United States

Original language(s)
English

Production

Producer(s)
Larry Rapaport (coordinating producer)

Location(s)
Tucson, Arizona

Editor(s)
Scott Powell

Running time
91 min.

Production company(s)
CBS Entertainment Production

Distributor
CBS

Release

Original network
CBS

Original release
January 10, 1992

text: Gunsmoke: To the Last Man is a 1992 American TV-movie starring James Arness as retired Marshal Matt Dillon and featuring Pat Hingle. Hapless rustlers make the fatal mistake of stealing Matt Dillon's cattle and Dillon blunders into the gory Pleasant Valley War during the process of hunting them down and killing two of them. The film, set in the 1880s, was directed by Jerry Jameson and based upon the long-running American television series Gunsmoke (1955 to 1975). The supporting cast features Matt Mulhern as Will McCall, Joseph Bottoms as villainous Tommy Graham, and Morgan Woodward as Sheriff Abel Rose.

text: Cast[edit]

text:
James Arness ... Matt Dillon
Pat Hingle ... Col. Tucker
Amy Stock-Poynton ... Beth Dillon
Matt Mulhern ... Will McCall
Jason Lively ... Rusty Dover
Joseph Bottoms ... Tommy Graham
Morgan Woodward ... Sheriff Abel Rose
Mills Watson ... Horse Trader
James Booth ... Zack the Preacher
Amanda Wyss ... Lizzie Tewksbury
Jim Beaver ... Deputy Willie Rudd
Herman Poppe ... John Tewksbury
Ken Swofford ... Charlie Tewksbury
Don Collier ... Sheriff Tom, Tombstone
Ed Adams ... Billy Wilson
Kathleen Erickson ... Mrs. Claire Oliver (billed as Kathleen Todd Erickson)
Loy Burns ... Kirby Tewksbury (billed as Loy W. Burns)
Andy Sherman ... Virgil Tucker
Clark A. Ray ... Rowe Blevin
Michael F. Woodson ... Bartender at Payson House
Erol Landis ... Cole Tucker
William J. Fisher ... Undertaker
Stephen C. Foster ... Luther
Ric San Nicholas ... Tink
Jimmy Don Cox ... Onlooker
Richard Glover ... David Henry


document_title: 2017–18 UEFA Champions League knockout phase

question_text: when does the champions league round of 16 start

text: Round and draw dates[edit]

text: The schedule of the knockout phase is as follows (all draws are held at the UEFA headquarters in Nyon, Switzerland).[1]

text:
Round
Draw
First leg
Second leg

Round of 16
11 December 2017
13–14 & 20–21 February 2018
6–7 & 13–14 March 2018

Quarter-finals
16 March 2018
3–4 April 2018
10–11 April 2018

Semi-finals
13 April 2018
24–25 April 2018
1–2 May 2018

Final
26 May 2018 at NSC Olimpiyskiy Stadium, Kiev

text: Format[edit]

text: The knockout phase involves the 16 teams which qualify as winners and runners-up of each of the eight groups in the group stage.

text: Each tie in the knockout phase, apart from the final, is played over two legs, with each team playing one leg at home. The team that scores more goals on aggregate over the two legs advance to the next round. If the aggregate score is level, the away goals rule is applied, i.e. the team that scored more goals away from home over the two legs advances. If away goals are also equal, then thirty minutes of extra time is played. The away goals rule is again applied after extra time, i.e. if there are goals scored during extra time and the aggregate score is still level, the visiting team advances by virtue of more away goals scored. If no goals are scored during extra time, the tie is decided by penalty shoot-out. In the final, which is played as a single match, if scores are level at the end of normal time, extra time is played, followed by penalty shoot-out if scores remain tied.[2]

text: The mechanism of the draws for each round is as follows:

text:
In the draw for the round of 16, the eight group winners are seeded, and the eight group runners-up are unseeded. The seeded teams are drawn against the unseeded teams, with the seeded teams hosting the second leg. Teams from the same group or the same association cannot be drawn against each other.
In the draws for the quarter-finals onwards, there are no seedings, and teams from the same group or the same association can be drawn against each other.

text: Qualified teams[edit]

text:
Group
Winners
(seeded in round of 16 draw)
Runners-up
(unseeded in round of 16 draw)

A
 Manchester United
 Basel

B
 Paris Saint-Germain
 Bayern Munich

C
 Roma
 Chelsea

D
 Barcelona
 Juventus

E
 Liverpool
 Sevilla

F
 Manchester City
 Shakhtar Donetsk

G
 Beşiktaş
 Porto

H
 Tottenham Hotspur
 Real Madrid

text: Bracket[edit]

text:
Round of 16

Quarter-finals

Semi-finals

Final

  Sevilla
0
2
2

  Manchester United
0
1
1

  Sevilla
1
0
1

  Bayern Munich
2
0
2

  Bayern Munich
5
3
8

  Beşiktaş
0
1
1

  Bayern Munich
1

  Real Madrid
2

  Juventus
2
2
4

  Tottenham Hotspur
2
1
3

  Juventus
0
3
3

  Real Madrid
3
1
4

  Real Madrid
3
2
5

  Paris Saint-Germain
1
1
2

 Winners of semi-final 1

 Winners of semi-final 2

  Porto
0
0
0

  Liverpool
5
0
5

  Liverpool
3
2
5

  Manchester City
0
1
1

  Basel
0
2
2

  Manchester City
4
1
5

  Liverpool
5

  Roma
2

  Chelsea
1
0
1

  Barcelona
1
3
4

  Barcelona
4
0
4

  Roma (a)
1
3
4

  Shakhtar Donetsk
2
0
2

  Roma (a)
1
1
2

text: Round of 16[edit]

text: The draw for the round of 16 was held on 11 December 2017, 12:00 CET.[3]

text: With five English teams in the round of 16, this was the first time five teams from one association qualified for the Champions League knockout phase.[4]

text: Summary[edit]

text: The first legs were played on 13, 14, 20 and 21 February, and the second legs were played on 6, 7, 13 and 14 March 2018.

text:
Team 1
Agg.
Team 2
1st leg
2nd leg

Juventus
4–3
 Tottenham Hotspur
2–2
2–1

Basel
2–5
 Manchester City
0–4
2–1

Porto
0–5
 Liverpool
0–5
0–0

Sevilla
2–1
 Manchester United
0–0
2–1

Real Madrid
5–2
 Paris Saint-Germain
3–1
2–1

Shakhtar Donetsk
2–2 (a)
 Roma
2–1
0–1

Chelsea
1–4
 Barcelona
1–1
0–3

Bayern Munich
8–1
 Beşiktaş
5–0
3–1

text: Matches[edit]

text:
Juventus
2–2
 Tottenham Hotspur

Higuaín  2', 9' (pen.)

Report

Kane  35'
Eriksen  71'

text:
Tottenham Hotspur
1–2
 Juventus

Son Heung-min  39'

Report

Higuaín  64'
Dybala  67'

text: Juventus won 4–3 on aggregate.

text:
Basel
0–4
 Manchester City

Report

Gündoğan  14', 53'
B. Silva  18'
Agüero  23'

text:
Manchester City
1–2
 Basel

Gabriel Jesus  8'

Report

Elyounoussi  17'
Lang  71'

text: Manchester City won 5–2 on aggregate.

text:
Porto
0–5
 Liverpool

Report

Mané  25', 53', 85'
Salah  29'
Firmino  69'

text:
Liverpool
0–0
 Porto

Report

text: Liverpool won 5–0 on aggregate.

text:
Sevilla
0–0
 Manchester United

Report

text:
Manchester United
1–2
 Sevilla

Lukaku  84'

Report

Ben Yedder  74', 78'

text: Sevilla won 2–1 on aggregate.

text:
Real Madrid
3–1
 Paris Saint-Germain

Ronaldo  45' (pen.), 83'
Marcelo  86'

Report

Rabiot  33'

text:
Paris Saint-Germain
1–2
 Real Madrid

Cavani  71'

Report

Ronaldo  51'
Casemiro  80'

text: Real Madrid won 5–2 on aggregate.

text:
Shakhtar Donetsk
2–1
 Roma

Ferreyra  52'
Fred  71'

Report

Ünder  41'

text:
Roma
1–0
 Shakhtar Donetsk

Džeko  52'

Report

text: 2–2 on aggregate. Roma won on away goals.

text:
Chelsea
1–1
 Barcelona

Willian  62'

Report

Messi  75'

text:
Barcelona
3–0
 Chelsea

Messi  3', 63'
Dembélé  20'

Report

text: Barcelona won 4–1 on aggregate.

text:
Bayern Munich
5–0
 Beşiktaş

Müller  43', 66'
Coman  53'
Lewandowski  79', 88'

Report

text:
Beşiktaş
1–3
 Bayern Munich

Vágner Love  59'

Report

Thiago  18'
Gönül  46' (o.g.)
Wagner  84'

text: Bayern Munich won 8–1 on aggregate.

text: Quarter-finals[edit]

text: The draw for the quarter-finals was held on 16 March 2018, 12:00 CET.[21][22]

text: Summary[edit]

text: The first legs were played on 3 and 4 April, and the second legs were played on 10 and 11 April 2018.

text:
Team 1
Agg.
Team 2
1st leg
2nd leg

Barcelona
4–4 (a)
 Roma
4–1
0–3

Sevilla
1–2
 Bayern Munich
1–2
0–0

Juventus
3–4
 Real Madrid
0–3
3–1

Liverpool
5–1
 Manchester City
3–0
2–1

text: Matches[edit]

text:
Barcelona
4–1
 Roma

De Rossi  38' (o.g.)
Manolas  55' (o.g.)
Piqué  59'
L. Suárez  87'

Report

Džeko  80'

text:
Roma
3–0
 Barcelona

Džeko  6'
De Rossi  58' (pen.)
Manolas  82'

Report

text: 4–4 on aggregate. Roma won on away goals.

text:
Sevilla
1–2
 Bayern Munich

Sarabia  31'

Report

Navas  37' (o.g.)
Thiago  68'

text:
Bayern Munich
0–0
 Sevilla

Report

text: Bayern Munich won 2–1 on aggregate.

text:
Juventus
0–3
 Real Madrid

Report

Ronaldo  3', 64'
Marcelo  72'

text:
Real Madrid
1–3
 Juventus

Ronaldo  90+8' (pen.)

Report

Mandžukić  2', 37'
Matuidi  61'

text: Real Madrid won 4–3 on aggregate.

text:
Liverpool
3–0
 Manchester City

Salah  12'
Oxlade-Chamberlain  21'
Mané  31'

Report

text:
Manchester City
1–2
 Liverpool

Gabriel Jesus  2'

Report

Salah  56'
Firmino  77'

text: Liverpool won 5–1 on aggregate.

text: Semi-finals[edit]

text: The draw for the semi-finals was held on 13 April 2018, 13:00 CEST.[31]

text: For the first time since the 2009–10 UEFA Champions League, all the four teams at this stage represent different national associations.[32]

text: Summary[edit]

text: The first legs were played on 24 and 25 April, and the second legs will be played on 1 and 2 May 2018.

text:
Team 1
Agg.
Team 2
1st leg
2nd leg

Bayern Munich

 Real Madrid
1–2
1 May

Liverpool

 Roma
5–2
2 May

text: Matches[edit]

text:
Bayern Munich
1–2
 Real Madrid

Kimmich  28'

Report

Marcelo  44'
Asensio  57'

text:
Real Madrid
v
 Bayern Munich

Report

text:
Liverpool
5–2
 Roma

Salah  36', 45+1'
Mané  56'
Firmino  61', 69'

Report

Džeko  81'
Perotti  85' (pen.)

text:
Roma
v
 Liverpool

Report

text: Final[edit]

text: The final will be played at the NSC Olimpiyskiy Stadium in Kiev on 26 May 2018. The "home" team (for administrative purposes) was determined by an additional draw held after the semi-final draw.[31]

text:
Winners of semi-final 1
v
 Winners of semi-final 2

Report

text: Notes[edit]

text: Jump up ^ Shakhtar Donetsk played their home match at Metalist Stadium, Kharkiv, instead of their regular stadium Donbass Arena, Donetsk, due to the war conditions in Eastern Ukraine.

tag: ol