document_title: The New Colossus

question_text: where is the inscription on the statue of liberty

text: The New Colossus

text: History of the poem[edit]

text: This poem was written as a donation to an auction of art and literary works[3] conducted by the "Art Loan Fund Exhibition in Aid of the Bartholdi Pedestal Fund for the Statue of Liberty" to raise money for the pedestal's construction.[4] Lazarus's contribution was solicited by fundraiser William Maxwell Evarts. Initially she refused but writer Constance Cary Harrison convinced her that the statue would be of great significance to immigrants sailing into the harbor.[5]

text: "The New Colossus" was the first entry read at the exhibit's opening on November 2, 1883, and remained associated with the exhibit through a published catalog until the exhibit closed after the pedestal was fully funded in August 1885,[6][7] but was forgotten and played no role at the opening of the statue in 1886. It was, however, published in Joseph Pulitzer's New York World as well as The New York Times during this time period.[8] In 1901, Lazarus's friend Georgina Schuyler began an effort to memorialize Lazarus and her poem, which succeeded in 1903 when a plaque bearing the text of the poem was put on the inner wall of the pedestal of the Statue of Liberty.[4]

text: The line "Keep, ancient lands, your storied pomp!" is missing a comma, and reads "Keep ancient lands, your storied pomp!" on the plaque hanging inside the Statue of Liberty[9] since its unveiling in 1903.

text: The original manuscript is held by the American Jewish Historical Society.[10]

text: Contents[edit]

text:
Not like the brazen giant of Greek fame,
With conquering limbs astride from land to land;
Here at our sea-washed, sunset gates shall stand
A mighty woman with a torch, whose flame
Is the imprisoned lightning, and her name
MOTHER OF EXILES. From her beacon-hand
Glows world-wide welcome; her mild eyes command
The air-bridged harbor that twin cities frame.

"Keep, ancient lands, your storied pomp!" cries she
With silent lips. "Give me your tired, your poor,
Your huddled masses yearning to breathe free,
The wretched refuse of your teeming shore.
Send these, the homeless, tempest-tost to me,
I lift my lamp beside the golden door!"

text: The poem is a Petrarchan sonnet.

text: The title of the poem and the first two lines refer to the Colossus of Rhodes, which was one of the Seven Wonders of the Ancient World, sometimes described as standing astride the harbor.

text: The "sea-washed, sunset gates" are the mouths of the Hudson and East Rivers, to the west of Brooklyn. The "imprisoned lightning" refers to the electric light in the torch, then a novelty.

text: The "air-bridged harbor that twin cities frame" refers to New York Harbor between New York City and Brooklyn, which were consolidated into one unit in 1898, 15 years after the poem was written.

text: The "huddled masses" are the many immigrants coming to the United States (many of them through Ellis Island at the port of New York).

text: Influence[edit]

text: Paul Auster wrote that "Bartholdi's gigantic effigy was originally intended as a monument to the principles of international republicanism, but 'The New Colossus' reinvented the statue's purpose, turning Liberty into a welcoming mother, a symbol of hope to the outcasts and downtrodden of the world."[11]

text: John T. Cunningham wrote that "The Statue of Liberty was not conceived and sculpted as a symbol of immigration, but it quickly became so as immigrant ships passed under the torch and the shining face, heading toward Ellis Island. However, it was [Lazarus's poem] that permanently stamped on Miss Liberty the role of unofficial greeter of incoming immigrants."[12]

text: The poem has entered the political realm. It was quoted in John F. Kennedy's book A Nation of Immigrants (1958)[13] as well as a 2010 political speech by President Obama advocating immigration policy reform.[14] On August 2nd, 2017, the poem and its importance to the Statue of Liberty's symbolism and thus the effect on American immigration policy, was debated in a White House briefing.[citation needed]

text: Classical composer David Ludwig set the poem to music, which was performed at the worship service of President Obama's 2013 inauguration ceremony.[15]

text: Author and scholar Julia Gordon-Bramer theorizes that Sylvia Plath's poem, "Lady Lazarus," is about the Statue of Liberty and Lazarus in her book, Fixed Stars Govern a Life: Decoding Sylvia Plath, volume one (2014, Stephen F. Austin State University Press).

text: Parts of the poem also appear in popular culture. The Broadway musical Miss Liberty, with music and lyrics by Irving Berlin, an immigrant himself, used the final stanza beginning "Give me your tired, your poor" as the basis for a song.[16][13] It was also read in the 1941 film Hold Back the Dawn as well as being recited by the heroine in Alfred Hitchcock's wartime film Saboteur.[13] Harpist and singer Joanna Newsom indirectly references the poem in her 2015 song "Sapokanikan," in contrast to the forbidding colossus of Percy Bysshe Shelley's Ozymandias.[17] The poem is read aloud in the eponymous episode,"New Colossus", in the 2016 Netflix web series The OA.[18]


document_title: List of Olympic Games host cities

question_text: where are the next two winter olympics going to be held

root

text: List of Olympic Games host cities

text: Olympic Games host cities[edit]

text:
City
Country
Continent
Summer (Olympiad)
Winter
Year
Opening Ceremony
Closing Ceremony

Athens
 Greece
Europe
S005I
—
1896
000000002018-04-06-0000April 6
000000002018-04-15-0000April 15

Paris
 France
Europe
S005II
—
1900
000000002018-05-14-0000May 14
000000002018-10-28-0000October 28

St. Louis[a]
 United States
North America
S005III
—
1904
000000002018-07-01-0000July 1
000000002018-11-23-0000November 23

London[c]
 United Kingdom
Europe
S005IV
—
1908
000000002018-04-27-0000April 27
000000002018-10-31-0000October 31

Stockholm
 Sweden
Europe
S005V
—
1912
000000002018-05-05-0000May 5
000000002018-07-22-0000July 22

Berlin
 Germany
Europe
S006VI
—
1916
Cancelled due to WWI[4]

Antwerp[d]
 Belgium
Europe
S007VII
—
1920
000000002018-04-20-0000April 20
000000002018-09-12-0000September 12[5]

Chamonix
 France
Europe
—
W001I
1924
000000002018-01-25-0000January 25
000000002018-02-04-0000February 4[6]

Paris
 France
Europe
S008VIII
—
000000002018-05-04-0000May 4
000000002018-07-27-0000July 27[7]

St. Moritz
  Switzerland
Europe
—
W002II
1928
000000002018-02-11-0000February 11
000000002018-02-19-0000February 19[8]

Amsterdam
 Netherlands
Europe
S009IX
—
000000002018-05-17-0000May 17
000000002018-08-12-0000August 12[9]

Lake Placid
 United States
North America
—
W003III
1932
000000002018-02-04-0000February 4
000000002018-02-15-0000February 15[10]

Los Angeles
 United States
North America
S010X
—
000000002018-07-30-0000July 30
000000002018-08-14-0000August 14[11]

Garmisch-Partenkirchen
 Nazi Germany
Europe
—
W004IV
1936
000000002018-02-06-0000February 6
000000002018-02-16-0000February 16[12]

Berlin
 Nazi Germany
Europe
S011XI
—
000000002018-08-01-0000August 1
000000002018-08-16-0000August 16[13]

Sapporo
Garmisch-Partenkirchen[e]
 Empire of Japan
 Nazi Germany
Asia
Europe
—
W005aV
1940
Cancelled due to WWII[4]

Tokyo
Helsinki[f]
 Empire of Japan
 Finland
Asia
Europe
S012XII
—

Cortina d'Ampezzo
 Italy
Europe
—
W005bV
1944

London
 United Kingdom
Europe
S013XIII
—

St. Moritz
  Switzerland
Europe
—
W005cV
1948
000000002018-01-30-0000January 30
000000002018-02-08-0000February 8

London
 United Kingdom
Europe
S014XIV
—
000000002018-07-29-0000July 29
000000002018-08-14-0000August 14

Oslo
 Norway
Europe
—
W006VI
1952
000000002018-02-14-0000February 14
000000002018-02-25-0000February 25

Helsinki
 Finland
Europe
S015XV
—
000000002018-07-19-0000July 19
000000002018-08-03-0000August 3

Cortina d'Ampezzo
 Italy
Europe
—
W007VII
1956
000000002018-01-26-0000January 26
000000002018-02-05-0000February 5

Melbourne
Stockholm[g]
 Australia
 Sweden
Oceania
Europe
S016XVI
—
000000002018-11-22-0000November 22
000000002018-06-10-0000June 10
000000002018-12-08-0000December 8
000000002018-06-17-0000June 17

Squaw Valley
 United States
North America
—
W008VIII
1960
000000002018-02-18-0000February 18
000000002018-02-28-0000February 28

Rome
 Italy
Europe
S017XVII
—
000000002018-08-25-0000August 25
000000002018-09-11-0000September 11

Innsbruck
 Austria
Europe
—
W009IX
1964
000000002018-01-29-0000January 29
000000002018-02-09-0000February 9

Tokyo
 Japan
Asia
S018XVIII
—
000000002018-10-10-0000October 10
000000002018-10-24-0000October 24

Grenoble
 France
Europe
—
W010X
1968
000000002018-02-06-0000February 6
000000002018-02-18-0000February 18

Mexico City
 Mexico
North America
S019XIX
—
000000002018-10-12-0000October 12
000000002018-10-27-0000October 27

Sapporo
 Japan
Asia
—
W011XI
1972
000000002018-02-03-0000February 3
000000002018-02-13-0000February 13

Munich
 West Germany
Europe
S020XX
—
000000002018-08-26-0000August 26
000000002018-09-11-0000September 11

Innsbruck
 Austria
Europe
—
W012XII
1976
000000002018-02-04-0000February 4
000000002018-02-15-0000February 15

Montreal
 Canada
North America
S021XXI
—
000000002018-07-17-0000July 17
000000002018-08-01-0000August 1

Lake Placid
 United States
North America
—
W013XIII
1980
000000002018-02-12-0000February 12
000000002018-02-24-0000February 24

Moscow
 Soviet Union
Europe[h]
S022XXII
—
000000002018-07-19-0000July 19
000000002018-08-03-0000August 3

Sarajevo
 Yugoslavia
Europe
—
W014XIV
1984
000000002018-02-07-0000February 7
000000002018-02-19-0000February 19

Los Angeles
 United States
North America
S023XXIII
—
000000002018-07-28-0000July 28
000000002018-08-12-0000August 12

Calgary
 Canada
North America
—
W015XV
1988
000000002018-02-13-0000February 13
000000002018-02-28-0000February 28

Seoul
 South Korea
Asia
S024XXIV
—
000000002018-09-17-0000September 17
000000002018-10-02-0000October 2

Albertville
 France
Europe
—
W016XVI
1992
000000002018-02-08-0000February 8
000000002018-02-23-0000February 23

Barcelona
 Spain
Europe
S025XXV
—
000000002018-07-25-0000July 25
000000002018-08-09-0000August 9

Lillehammer
 Norway
Europe
—
W017XVII
1994
000000002018-02-12-0000February 12
000000002018-02-27-0000February 27

Atlanta
 United States
North America
S026XXVI
—
1996
000000002018-07-19-0000July 19
000000002018-08-04-0000August 4

Nagano
 Japan
Asia
—
W018XVIII
1998
000000002018-02-07-0000February 7
000000002018-02-22-0000February 22

Sydney
 Australia
Oceania
S027XXVII
—
2000
000000002018-09-15-0000September 15
000000002018-10-01-0000October 1

Salt Lake City
 United States
North America
—
W019XIX
2002
000000002018-02-08-0000February 8
000000002018-02-24-0000February 24

Athens
 Greece
Europe
S028XXVIII
—
2004
000000002018-08-13-0000August 13
000000002018-08-29-0000August 29

Torino
 Italy
Europe
—
W020XX
2006
000000002018-02-10-0000February 10
000000002018-02-26-0000February 26

Beijing[i]
 China
Asia
S029XXIX
—
2008
000000002018-08-08-0000August 8
000000002018-08-24-0000August 24

Vancouver
 Canada
North America
—
W021XXI
2010
000000002018-02-12-0000February 12
000000002018-02-28-0000February 28

London
 United Kingdom
Europe
S030XXX
—
2012
000000002018-07-27-0000July 27
000000002018-08-12-0000August 12

Sochi
 Russia
Europe[h]
—
W022XXII
2014
000000002018-02-07-0000February 7
000000002018-02-23-0000February 23

Rio de Janeiro
 Brazil
South America
S031XXXI
—
2016
000000002018-08-05-0000August 5
000000002018-08-21-0000August 21

Pyeongchang
 South Korea
Asia
—
W023XXIII
2018
000000002018-02-09-0000February 9
000000002018-02-25-0000February 25

Tokyo
 Japan
Asia
S032XXXII
—
2020
000000002018-07-24-0000July 24
000000002018-08-09-0000August 9

Beijing
 China
Asia
—
W024XXIV
2022
000000002018-02-04-0000February 4
000000002018-02-20-0000February 20

Paris
 France
Europe
S033XXXIII
—
2024
000000002018-07-26-0000July 26
000000002018-08-11-0000August 11

TBD
TBD

—
W025XXV
2026
(TBD)

Los Angeles
 United States
North America
S034XXXIV
—
2028
000000002018-07-21-0000July 21
000000002018-08-06-0000August 6

TBD
TBD

—
W026XXVI
2030
(TBD)

tag: table

text: Host cities for multiple Summer and Winter Olympic Games[edit]

text:
List of cities that hosted multiple editions of the Olympic Games

City
Country
Continent
Summer Olympics
Winter Olympics
Total

London
 United Kingdom
Europe
3 (1908, 1948, 2012)
0
3

Paris
 France
Europe
3 (1900, 1924, 2024)
0

Los Angeles
 United States
North America
3 (1932, 1984, 2028)
0

Athens
 Greece
Europe
2 (1896, 2004)
0
2

Tokyo
 Japan
Asia
2 (1964, 2020)
0

Beijing
 China
Asia
1 (2008)
1 (2022)

St. Moritz
  Switzerland
Europe
0
2 (1928, 1948)

Innsbruck
 Austria
Europe
0
2 (1964, 1976)

Lake Placid
 United States
North America
0
2 (1932, 1980)

text: The 1906 Intercalated Games are not officially recognized by the IOC as an official Olympic Games.

tag: ul

text: Number of Olympic Games by country[edit]

text:
List of countries ranked by the number of times they hosted the Olympic Games

Rank
Country
Continent
Summer Olympics
Winter Olympics
Total

1
 United States
North America
5 (1904, 1932, 1984, 1996, 2028)
4 (1932, 1960, 1980, 2002)
9

2
 France
Europe
3 (1900, 1924, 2024)
3 (1924, 1968, 1992)
6

3
 Japan
Asia
2 (1940, 1964, 2020)
2 (1940, 1972, 1998)
4

4
 United Kingdom
Europe
3 (1908, 1944, 1948, 2012)
0
3

 Canada
North America
1 (1976)
2 (1988, 2010)

 Italy
Europe
1 (1960)
2 (1944, 1956, 2006)

 German Empire/ Nazi Germany/ West Germany/ Germany
Europe
2 (1916, 1936, 1972)
1 (1936, 1940)

8
 China
Asia
1 (2008)
1 (2022)
2

 South Korea
Asia
1 (1988)
1 (2018)

 Soviet Union/ Russia
Europe
1 (1980)
1 (2014)

 Greece
Europe
2 (1896, 2004)
0

 Australia
Oceania
2 (1956, 2000)
0

 Norway
Europe
0
2 (1952, 1994)

 Austria
Europe
0
2 (1964, 1976)

  Switzerland
Europe
0
2 (1928, 1940, 1948)

 Sweden
Europe
2 (1912, 1956 (equestrian events only))
0

17
 Brazil
South America
1 (2016)
0
1

 Spain
Europe
1 (1992)
0

 SFR Yugoslavia/ Bosnia and Herzegovina
Europe
0
1 (1984)

 Mexico
North America
1 (1968)
0

 Finland
Europe
1 (1940, 1952)
0

 Netherlands
Europe
1 (1928)
0

 Belgium
Europe
1 (1920)
0

text: Number of Olympic Games by continent[edit]

text:
Rank
Continent
Summer Olympics
Winter Olympics
Total

1
Europe
17 (1896, 1900, 1908, 1912, 1920, 1924, 1928, 1936, 1940, 1944, 1948, 1952, 1960, 1972, 1980, 1992, 2004, 2012, 2024)
14 (1924, 1928, 1936, 1940, 1944, 1948, 1952, 1956, 1964, 1968, 1976, 1984, 1992, 1994, 2006, 2014)
31

2
North America
7 (1904, 1932, 1968, 1976, 1984, 1996, 2028)
6 (1932, 1960, 1980, 1988, 2002, 2010)
13

3
Asia
4 (1940, 1964, 1988, 2008, 2020)
4 (1940, 1972, 1998, 2018, 2022)
8

4
Oceania
2 (1956, 2000)
0
2

5
South America
1 (2016)
0
1

6
Africa
0
0
0

text: Unsuccessful cities[edit]

text: This section does not cite any sources. Please help improve this section by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. (February 2018) (Learn how and when to remove this template message)

text:
Country
City
Bids

 United States
Detroit
7

 Hungary
Budapest
6

 Turkey
Istanbul
5

 Spain
Madrid
4

 Argentina
Buenos Aires
4

  Switzerland
Lausanne
4

 United States
Philadelphia
5

 United States
Chicago
4

 United States
Minneapolis
3

 Cuba
Havana
3

 Belgium
Brussels
3

 Azerbaijan
Baku
2

 Qatar
Doha
2

 Spain
Seville
2

 Yugoslavia
Belgrade
2

 Puerto Rico
San Juan
1

 Australia
Brisbane
1

 Slovakia
Poprad
1

 United States
Boston
1


document_title: Dwight Howard

question_text: who did dwight howard play for last year

text: Dwight Howard

text: Early life

text: Howard was born in Atlanta, to Dwight Sr. and Sheryl Howard, and into a family with strong athletic connections. His father is a Georgia State Trooper and serves as Athletic Director of Southwest Atlanta Christian Academy, a private academy with one of the best high school basketball programs in the country, while his mother played on the inaugural women's basketball team at Morris Brown College.[1] Howard's mother had seven miscarriages before he was born.[2] A devout Christian since his youth, Howard became serious about basketball around the age of nine; when in the eighth grade, he resolved to be selected as the number one pick in the NBA Draft one day.[3][4] Despite his large frame, Howard was quick and versatile enough to play the guard position.[4] He elected to attend Southwest Atlanta Christian Academy for high school, and in his four years he played mostly as power forward, averaging 16.6 points per game (ppg), 13.4 rebounds per game (rpg) and 6.3 blocks per game in 129 appearances.[1][4] As a senior, Howard led his team to the 2004 state title.[4] He averaged 25 points, 18 rebounds, 8.1 blocks and 3.5 assists per game.[4] That same year, Howard was widely recognized as the best American high school basketball player, and he was awarded the Naismith Prep Player of the Year Award, the Morgan Wootten High School Player of the Year Award, Gatorade National Player of the Year and the McDonald's National High School Player of the Year honor.[5] He was also co-MVP (with J. R. Smith) of the McDonald's High School All-American Game that year.[5] On January 31, 2012, Howard was also honored as one of the 35 greatest McDonald's All-Americans.[6]

tag: p

text: Professional career

text: Orlando Magic (2004–2012)

text: Early years (2004–2007)

text: Following his high school successes, Howard chose to forego college and declared for the 2004 NBA draft—a decision partly inspired by his idol Kevin Garnett who had done the same in 1995—where the Orlando Magic selected him first overall over UConn junior Emeka Okafor.[1][4] He took the number 12 for his jersey, in part because it was the reverse of Garnett's 21 when he played for Minnesota.[7] Howard joined a depleted Magic squad that had finished with only 21 victories the previous season; further, the club had just lost perennial NBA All-Star Tracy McGrady.[4] Howard, however, made an immediate impact. He finished his rookie season with an average of 12.0 ppg and 10.0 rpg,[8] setting several NBA records in the process. He became the youngest player in NBA history to average a double double in the regular season.[5] He also became the youngest player in NBA history to average at least 10 rebounds in a season and youngest NBA player ever to record at least 20 rebounds in a game.[5] Howard's importance to the Magic was highlighted when he became the first player in NBA history directly out of high school to start all 82 games during his rookie season.[5] For his efforts, he was selected to play in the 2005 NBA Rookie Challenge, and was unanimously selected to the All-Rookie Team.[5] He also finished third to fellow center Emeka Okafor of the Charlotte Bobcats and guard Ben Gordon of the Chicago Bulls for the Rookie of the Year award.[9]

text: Howard reported to camp for his second NBA season having added 20 pounds of muscle during the off-season.[4] Orlando coach Brian Hill—responsible for grooming former Magic superstar Shaquille O'Neal—decided that Howard should be converted into a full-fledged center.[4] Hill identified two areas where Howard needed to improve: his post-up game, and his defense. He exerted extra pressure on Howard, saying that the Magic would need him to emerge as a force in the middle before the team had a chance at the playoffs.[4] Even though the big man played tentatively at times, he was able to build on his strong rookie year with an impressive sophomore season. On November 15, 2005, in a home game against the Charlotte Bobcats, Howard scored 21 points and 20 rebounds, becoming the youngest player ever to score 20 or more points and gather 20 or more rebounds in the same game.[10] He was selected to play on the Sophomore Team in the 2006 Rookie Challenge during the All-Star break,[1] and on April 15, 2006, he recorded a career-high 26 rebounds against the Philadelphia 76ers; his 28 points in that game also brought him close to an NBA rarity, a 30–30 game.[4][8] Overall, he averaged 15.8 points and 12.5 rebounds[8] per game, ranking second in the NBA in rebounds per game, offensive rebounds, and double doubles; and sixth in field goal percentage.[1] Despite Howard's improvement, the Magic finished the season with a 36–46 win-loss record and failed to qualify for the playoffs for the second consecutive season since Howard's arrival.[11]

text: Howard took another step forward as the franchise player for Orlando in the 2006–07 season, and for the third consecutive season he played in all 82 regular season games.[8] On February 1, 2007, he received his first NBA All-Star selection as a reserve on the Eastern Conference squad for the 2007 NBA All-Star Game.[1] Howard finished the game with 20 points and 12 rebounds.[12] Less than a week later, he recorded a career-high 32 points against the Toronto Raptors.[13] A highlight was his game-winning alley-oop off an inbound pass at the buzzer against the San Antonio Spurs at Amway Arena on February 9.[14] As the push for playoff spots intensified, Howard was instrumental, recording another career-high 35 points against the Philadelphia 76ers on April 14, 2007.[15] Under his leadership, the Magic qualified for the 2007 NBA Playoffs for the first time since 2003 as the number eight seed in the Eastern Conference.[16] However, the Magic were swept by the eventual Eastern Conference finalist Detroit Pistons in the first round.[17] Howard averaged 17.6 points and 12.3 rebounds per game, and finished first in the NBA in total rebounds, second in field goal percentage, and ninth in blocks. He was further recognized as one of the best players in the league when he was named to the All-NBA Third Team at the end of the 2006–07 campaign.[18]

text: Leader of consecutive division champions (2007–2010)

text: Howard continued posting impressive numbers in the 2007–08 season; with free agent Rashard Lewis added to the ranks alongside Hedo Türkoğlu to provide an extra offensive spark, this was the Magic's best season yet. Howard's strong and consistent play ensured that he was named as a starter for the Eastern Conference All-Star team, and by the time the mid-season break arrived, he was leading the league in double doubles (he concluded the season with a league-high 69) and had recorded 20 points and 20 rebounds in a game on five occasions (eight by the season's end).[19][20] On February 16, 2008, he won the 2008 NBA Slam Dunk Contest by receiving 78% of the fan's votes via text messaging or online voting; in that contest, he performed a series of innovative dunks said to have rejuvenated the contest, including donning a Superman cape for one of the dunks.[21] Howard led the Magic to their first division title in 12 years and to the third seed for the 2008 NBA Playoffs,[20] and in the first-round match-up against the Toronto Raptors, Howard's dominance (three 20 point/20 rebound games) and point guard Jameer Nelson's strong play ensured that Orlando prevailed over five games.[22] Howard's series total of 91 rebounds was also greater than the total rebounds collected by the entire Toronto frontcourt.[23] In the next round against the Pistons, the Magic lost the first two road games before Howard's 20 point/12 rebound performance in Game 3 salvaged a home win.[24] In that same week, the center was named to the All-NBA First Team for the first time,[20] and subsequently, the NBA All-Defensive Second Team.[25] Detroit played without their star point guard Chauncey Billups for Games 4 and 5, but Orlando was unable to capitalize on that and lost the series 4–1 to the veteran playoffs team.[26]

text: The 2008–09 season began well for Howard. Ten games into the season, the center was leading the league in blocks per game (4.2) and even recorded his first triple-double: 30 points, 19 rebounds and 10 blocks.[27] In December, he injured his left knee and missed the first game of his career after playing in 351 consecutive games.[28] At the halfway point of the season, Howard was leading the league in rebounds and blocks, and was among the league leaders in field goal percentage. He garnered a record 3.1 million votes to earn the starting berth on the Eastern Conference team for the 2009 NBA All-Star game.[29] On March 25, 2009, Howard led Orlando to its second straight Southeast Division title with 11 games of the regular season left to play,[30] and eventually the third seed for the 2009 NBA Playoffs with a 59–23 record.[31] On April 21, 2009, he became the youngest player ever to win the NBA Defensive Player of the Year Award, achieving a goal he had set for himself before the start of the season.[7] The Magic went into the playoffs without its injured starting point guard Jameer Nelson, and in the first round against the 76ers, Howard recorded 24 points and 24 rebounds in Game 5 to give Orlando a 3–2 lead, before the Magic closed out the series in six games. On May 6, 2009, the center was named to the NBA All-Defensive First Team,[32] and a week later, to the All-NBA First Team.[33]

text: In the second round of the playoffs against the defending champions Boston, the Magic blew a lead in Game 5 and Howard publicly questioned coach Stan Van Gundy's tactics and said that he should be given the ball more; in Game 6, the center posted 23 points and 22 rebounds to force the series into seven games.[34] The Magic went on to defeat Boston, and then defeated Cleveland—which was led by league MVP LeBron James—4–2 in the Eastern Conference Finals. Howard had a playoffs career-high 40 points to go with his 14 rebounds in the deciding Game 6, leading Orlando to its first NBA Finals in 14 years.[35] The Los Angeles Lakers took the first two home games to establish a 2–0 lead in the Finals, before a home win by the Magic brought the score to 2–1. In Game 4, despite Howard putting up 21 rebounds and a Finals-record of 9 blocks in a game, the Magic lost in overtime.[36] The Lakers went on to win Game 5, and the NBA Finals.[37]

text: The Magic went into the 2009–10 season with one major roster change: Türkoğlu departed for the Toronto Raptors, while eight-time NBA All-Star Vince Carter arrived from the New Jersey Nets. As with the previous two seasons, the Magic got off to a strong start, winning 17 of their first 21 games, setting a franchise record in the process. He also picked up two Conference Player of the Week awards. On January 21, 2010, Howard was named as the starting center for the East in the 2010 NBA All-Star Game.[38] Not long after the Magic completed the regular season with 59 wins and their third consecutive division title, Howard won the Defensive Player of the Year Award for the second straight year.[39] He became the first player in NBA history to lead the league in blocks and rebounds in the same season twice—and for two years in a row.[39] During the playoffs, the Magic defeated both Charlotte and Atlanta 4 games to none, in the first and second rounds respectively. In reaching the Conference Finals again, the Magic faced Boston—who had upset Cleveland in the Semifinals—Orlando lost the first three games, took the next two, but finally succumbed in Game 6.

text: Frustration (2010–2012)

text: In the 2010–11 regular season, Howard posted career-highs in points and shooting percentages, but the Magic were unable to win their division for the fourth straight year. Although the Miami Heat won the division, the Magic won 52 games, and finished as the fourth seed in the Eastern Conference playoffs. However, the Magic lost to the Atlanta Hawks in the first-round of the playoffs.[40] Howard led the NBA in technical fouls with 18 in the regular season, and received one-game suspensions after his 16th and 18th technicals.[41]

text: Due to a lockout, the 2011–12 regular season was shortened to 66 games. Not long after the lockout ended, Howard, who was eligible to become a free agent at the end of the season, demanded a trade to the New Jersey Nets, Los Angeles Lakers or Dallas Mavericks.[42] Howard stated that although his preference was to remain in Orlando, he did not feel the Magic organization was doing enough to build a championship contender.[43] He would later meet with Magic officials and agree to back off his trade demands, but stated that he also felt the team needed to make changes to the roster if they wanted to contend for a championship.[44]

text: On January 12, 2012, Howard attempted an NBA regular season record 39 free throws against the Golden State Warriors. Howard entered the game making 42 percent of his free throws for the season and just below 60 percent for his career. The Warriors hacked Howard intentionally throughout the game, and he broke Wilt Chamberlain's regular season record of 34 set in 1962. (Shaquille O'Neal attempted 39 free throws in Game 2 of the 2000 NBA Finals.) Howard made 21 of the 39 attempts, and he finished with 45 points and 23 rebounds in the Magic's 117–109 victory.[45] On January 24, 2012, Howard became the Magic's all-time scoring leader, surpassing Nick Anderson's 10,650 points.[46]

text: On March 15, 2012, on the day of the trading deadline for the 2011–12 NBA season, Howard signed an amendment to his contract, waiving his right to opt out at the end of the season and committing to stay with the Magic through the 2012–13 season. He had previously asked to be traded to the New Jersey Nets, and the Magic were prepared to trade him had Howard not signed the amendment, to avoid losing him as a free agent.[47] On April 5, Van Gundy said that he was informed by management that Howard wanted him fired. During the interview, the center walked up and hugged his coach, unaware that Van Gundy had confirmed a report that Howard denied.[48][49]

text: On April 19, 2012, Howard's agent said that Howard would undergo surgery to repair a herniated disk in his back, and would miss the rest of the 2011–12 season, as well as the 2012 Summer Olympics in London.[50] During the offseason, Howard again requested the Magic trade him to the Nets, who had relocated to Brooklyn. He intended to become a free agent at the end of the 2012–13 season if he was not traded to Brooklyn.[51][52]

text: Los Angeles Lakers (2012–2013)

text: On August 10, 2012, Howard was traded from Orlando to the Los Angeles Lakers in a deal that also involved the Philadelphia 76ers and the Denver Nuggets. The Lakers also received Chris Duhon and Earl Clark; the Magic received Josh McRoberts, Christian Eyenga, Maurice Harkless, Nikola Vučević, Arron Afflalo, Al Harrington, and draft picks; Philadelphia received Jason Richardson and Andrew Bynum; and Denver received Andre Iguodala.[53]

text: Howard took six months off from basketball after his April surgery, and only had the combined four weeks of training camp and preseason to prepare for the season.[54][55] He played in just two preseason games, but was able to play in the 2012–13 season opener against the Dallas Mavericks. He had 19 points and 10 rebounds, but he was only 3-for-14 on free throws and fouled out; the Lakers lost 99–91.[56][57] Still working himself into shape, Howard paced himself throughout the season on both offense and defense.[55] On January 4, 2013, Howard injured his right shoulder in the second half of the Lakers' 107–102 loss to the Los Angeles Clippers when he got his arms tangled up with Caron Butler. He played through the injury in the next game against the Denver Nuggets, a 112–105 loss in which he tied a career high with 26 rebounds. However, he missed the next three games with a torn labrum.[58][59] At the midpoint of the season, the Lakers were a disappointing 17–24. Howard had not been consistently dominant on defense, and was at times passive on offense. He was averaging 17.1 points on 58.2% shooting, 12.3 rebounds, and 2.5 blocks, but also 3.6 fouls a game with 3.2 turnovers while making only 50.4% of his free throws.[60] The Los Angeles Times criticized his "ability to laugh off missed free throws".[61]

text: Many times Howard was upset that he was not getting the ball enough, and he felt that Kobe Bryant was shooting too much.[62] Moving forward, Howard said he needed to "bring it" and dominate in more ways than just scoring.[63] In the following game against Memphis, he had only two points and four rebounds in 14 minutes before he sat out the rest of the game after aggravating his shoulder injury.[64] He returned the following game showing no ill effects from the injury.[65] On January 30, Howard left the Phoenix Suns game early after re-aggravating his shoulder. He was listed as day to day and missed subsequent games.[66][67] Bryant said that Howard "worries too much" and "doesn't want to let anyone down", and urged him to play through the pain when Pau Gasol was sidelined with a torn plantar fascia.[68] Howard returned the next game after commenting that Bryant was "not a doctor, I'm not a doctor. That's his opinion."[69]

text: During the All-Star break, Howard committed to having a better second half. An avid candy lover, Howard adopted a healthier diet to get into better shape to anchor the Lakers' defense and run D'Antoni's preferred pick and rolls.[55][70][71] He looked fresher after the break.[72] Still, on February 23, Howard said he was "not even close" to physically being where he wanted to be. Coach Mike D'Antoni attributed his conditioning to his difficulty with running the pick and roll with Steve Nash, a play the coach had expected would be a staple for the team.[55][73] The Lakers were 8–2 after the All-Star break, passing Utah for the eighth and final playoff spot in the Western Conference, and Howard had 10 straight games with 12 or more rebounds while averaging 15.5 points, 14.8 rebounds, and 2.6 blocks.[74] In his first game back in Orlando on March 12, Howard scored a season-high 39 points and had 16 rebounds in a 106–97 Lakers win. Booed throughout the game, he made 25-of-39 free throws, setting Lakers records for free throws made and attempted while tying his NBA record for attempts.[a] Howard made 16-of-20 free throws when he was fouled intentionally by the Magic.[75] With Howard anchoring the Lakers defense and his improved overall play,[76] the team made the playoffs, but they were swept in the opening round 4–0 by San Antonio. Howard was ejected in Game 4 with over nine minutes left in the third quarter after receiving his second technical foul.[77][78]

text: Howard finished the season with his lowest scoring average since his second year in the NBA, and he made under 50% of his free throws for the second straight year. However, he was the league leader in rebounding and ranked second in field goal percentage. Although he was recovering from his back surgery, he only missed six games all season—all due to his torn labrum.[79] Howard was named to the All-NBA Third Team after five consecutive first-team honors.[80] He became a free agent in the summer, and was offered a maximum contract of five years for $118 million from the Lakers matched with four years for $88 million from other teams.[79]

text: Houston Rockets (2013–2016)

text: In early July, Howard met with the Lakers, Dallas Mavericks, Houston Rockets, Golden State Warriors and Atlanta Hawks, and on July 5, 2013, announced via Twitter that he intended to sign with the Rockets.[81] He officially signed with Houston on July 13, 2013, joining James Harden to form a formidable duo.[82] With the Rockets, he was initially moved from center to power forward to make room for Ömer Aşık at center. However, with Aşık's under performing play and constant injuries, Howard returned to playing the center position as young forward Terrence Jones moved to power forward. In his first game for the Rockets in the season opener on October 30, Howard recorded 17 points and a career high-tying 26 rebounds in a 96-83 win over the Charlotte Bobcats.[83] Howard finished the regular season with averages of 18.3 points and 12.2 rebounds per game. During the 2014 playoffs, Howard averaged 26 points and 13.7 rebounds per game, but the Rockets were eliminated by the Portland Trail Blazers in the first round, losing the series 4-2. Howard went on to earn All-NBA second team honors.[84]

text: After playing in the Rockets' first 10 out of 11 games to start the 2014–15 season, Howard missed 11 straight due to a strained right knee[85] before returning to action on December 13 against the Denver Nuggets. In just under 30 minutes of play, he recorded 26 points and 13 rebounds to help the Rockets defeat the Nuggets, 108-96. To add to his return, Howard recorded his 10,000th career rebound during the second quarter.[86] However, on January 31, 2015, Howard was ruled out for a further month due to persistent trouble with his right knee.[87][88] After setbacks forced him out for a further month and a total of 26 games, Howard returned to action on March 25 against the New Orleans Pelicans. He started the game but was held under 17 minutes by coach Kevin McHale and finished with just four points and seven rebounds in a 95-93 win.[89]

text: On November 4, 2015, Howard had 23 points and 14 rebounds against the Orlando Magic. He shot 10-of-10 to become the first Rocket to make 10 or more field goals without a miss since Yao Ming went 12-of-12 in 2009.[90] On December 26, he eclipsed 15,000 points for his career in a loss to the New Orleans Pelicans.[91] On January 18, 2016, in an overtime loss to the Los Angeles Clippers, Howard had 36 points and tied a career-high with 26 rebounds en route to his 10th straight double-double, the league's longest active streak, and his longest since a 14-game run in 2012–13.[92] On June 22, 2016, Howard declined his $23 million player option for the 2016–17 season and became an unrestricted free agent.[93]

text: Atlanta Hawks (2016–2017)

text: On July 12, 2016, Howard signed a three-year, $70 million contract with the Atlanta Hawks.[94][95] He made his debut for the Hawks in their season opener on October 27, 2016, recording 11 points, 19 rebounds and three blocks in a 114–99 win over the Washington Wizards. Howard posted the most rebounds for anyone in their Atlanta debut, breaking the mark of 18 that Shareef Abdur-Rahim set at Houston on October 30, 2001.[96] On November 2, he recorded a season-high 31 points and 11 rebounds in a 123–116 loss to the Los Angeles Lakers.[97] The Hawks started the season 9–2 before dropping 10 of the next 11 games. They snapped a seven-game losing streak on December 7 with a 103–95 win over the Miami Heat, behind Howard's 23 points and 17 rebounds.[98] On December 17, he had a season-best 23 rebounds in a 107–99 loss to the Charlotte Hornets.[99] On February 2, 2017, he scored 24 points and grabbed 23 rebounds in his first game in Houston since signing with Atlanta in the offseason, leading the Hawks to a 113–108 victory over the Rockets.[100] After struggling to make an impact over the Hawks' first three playoff games in their first-round series with the Washington Wizards, Howard had his best game of the postseason in Game 4, putting up a double-double by halftime and finishing with 16 points and 15 rebounds to help the Hawks tie the series at 2–2 with a 111–101 win.[101] The Hawks went on to lose the series in six games.

text: Charlotte Hornets (2017–present)

text: On June 20, 2017, the Hawks traded Howard, along with the 31st overall pick in the 2017 NBA draft, to the Charlotte Hornets in exchange for Marco Belinelli, Miles Plumlee and the 41st overall pick in the 2017 NBA draft.[102] In his debut for the Hornets in their season opener on October 18, 2017, Howard had 10 points, 15 rebounds and two blocks in a 102–90 loss to the Detroit Pistons.[103] On October 23, he had 22 rebounds against the Milwaukee Bucks, three shy of the team record.[104] In the following game on October 25, Howard had 15 points and 19 rebounds in a 110–93 win over the Denver Nuggets, becoming the first Charlotte player since Emeka Okafor in 2007 with four consecutive 15-rebound games.[105] He had his fifth straight game with at least 15 rebounds two days later against the Houston Rockets.[106] On November 20, he had 25 points and 20 rebounds in a 118–102 win over the Minnesota Timberwolves, becoming the first Hornets player to record a 20-20 game since Al Jefferson in 2013.[107] On December 4, he had 12 points and nine rebounds in a 104–94 win over the Orlando Magic. He moved past Paul Silas and Dikembe Mutombo for 19th on the all-time NBA rebounding list.[108] On December 13, he tied a season high with 26 points and had 18 rebounds in a 108–96 loss to the Houston Rockets.[109] On December 29, he recorded a season-high 29 points, 12 rebounds and seven assists in a 111–100 win over the Golden State Warriors.[110]

text: NBA career statistics

text:
Legend

  GP
Games played
  GS
Games started
 MPG
Minutes per game

 FG%
Field goal percentage
 3P%
3-point field goal percentage
 FT%
Free throw percentage

 RPG
Rebounds per game
 APG
Assists per game
 SPG
Steals per game

 BPG
Blocks per game
 PPG
Points per game
 Bold
Career high

text:
*
Led the league

NBA record

text: Regular season

text:
Year
Team
GP
GS
MPG
FG%
3P%
FT%
RPG
APG
SPG
BPG
PPG

2004–05
Orlando
82
82
32.6
.520
.000
.671
10.0
.9
.9
1.7
12.0

2005–06
Orlando
82
81
36.8
.531
.000
.595
12.5
1.5
.8
1.4
15.8

2006–07
Orlando
82
82
36.9
.603
.500
.586
12.3
1.9
.9
1.9
17.6

2007–08
Orlando
82
82
37.7
.599
.000
.590
14.2*
1.3
.9
2.1
20.7

2008–09
Orlando
79
79
35.7
.572
.000
.594
13.8*
1.4
1.0
2.9*
20.6

2009–10
Orlando
82
82
34.7
.612*
.000
.592
13.2*
1.8
.9
2.8*
18.3

2010–11
Orlando
78
78
37.5
.593
.000
.596
14.1
1.4
1.4
2.4
22.9

2011–12
Orlando
54
54
38.3
.573
.000
.491
14.5*
1.9
1.5
2.1
20.6

2012–13
L.A. Lakers
76
76
35.8
.578
.167
.492
12.4*
1.4
1.1
2.4
17.1

2013–14
Houston
71
71
33.7
.591
.286
.547
12.2
1.8
.8
1.8
18.3

2014–15
Houston
41
41
29.8
.593
.500
.528
10.5
1.2
.7
1.3
15.8

2015–16
Houston
71
71
32.1
.620
.000
.489
11.8
1.4
1.0
1.6
13.7

2016–17
Atlanta
74
74
29.7
.633
.000
.533
12.7
1.4
0.9
1.2
13.5

Career
954
953
35.3
.585
.089
.566
12.7
1.5
1.0
2.0
17.5

All-Star
8
6
23.3
.642
.154
.450
8.8
1.5
.6
1.1
12.1

text: Playoffs

text:
Year
Team
GP
GS
MPG
FG%
3P%
FT%
RPG
APG
SPG
BPG
PPG

2007
Orlando
4
4
41.8
.548
.000
.455
14.8
1.8
.5
1.0
15.3

2008
Orlando
10
10
42.1
.581
.000
.542
15.8
.9
.8
3.4
18.9

2009
Orlando
23
23
39.3
.601
.000
.636
15.3
1.9
.9
2.6
20.3

2010
Orlando
14
14
35.5
.614
.000
.519
11.1
1.4
.8
3.5
18.1

2011
Orlando
6
6
43.0
.630
.000
.682
15.5
0.5
.7
1.8
27.0

2013
L.A. Lakers
4
4
31.5
.619
.000
.444
10.8
1.0
.5
2.0
17.0

2014
Houston
6
6
38.5
.547
.000
.625
13.7
1.8
.7
2.8
26.0

2015
Houston
17
17
33.8
.577
.000
.412
14.0
1.2
1.4
2.3
16.4

2016
Houston
5
5
36.0
.542
.000
.368
14.0
1.6
.8
1.4
13.2

2017
Atlanta
6
6
26.1
.500
.000
.632
10.7
1.3
1.0
.8
8.0

Career
95
95
37.0
.586
.000
.545
13.8
1.4
.9
2.5
18.4

text: United States national team

text: Howard was named on 5 March 2006 to the 2006–2008 USA Basketball Men's Senior National Team program.[1] As the team's regular starting center, he helped lead the team to a 5–0 record during its pre-World Championship tour, and subsequently helped the team win the bronze medal at the 2006 FIBA World Championship.[1] During the FIBA Americas Championship 2007, Howard was on the team which won its first nine games en route to qualifying for the finals and a spot for the 2008 Olympics.[111] He started in eight of those nine games, averaging 8.9 ppg, 5.3 rpg and led the team in shooting .778 from the field.[112] In the finals, he made all seven of his shots and scored 20 points as the USA defeated Argentina to win the gold medal.[113]

text: On June 23, 2008, Howard was named as one of the members of the 12-man squad representing the United States in the 2008 Olympic Games in Beijing.[114] With Howard starting as center, Team USA won all of its games en route to the gold medal, breaking their drought of gold medals dating back to the 2000 Olympics.[115] Howard averaged 10.9 points and 5.8 rebounds per game in the tournament.[116]

text: Player profile

text: Standing at 6 feet 11 inches tall (2.11 m) and weighing 265 pounds (120 kg), Howard plays the center position. Howard led the NBA in rebounding from 2007 to 2010, and again from 2012 to 2013. Howard's rebounding is in part facilitated by his extraordinary athleticism; his running vertical leap was tested at 39.5 inches in 2011, rare for a player of his size.[117][118] He demonstrated this skill in the 2007 Slam Dunk Contest, where he completed an alley oop dunk from teammate Jameer Nelson while slapping a sticker onto the backboard at 12 ft 6 in (3.81 m) high.[119] The sticker showed an image of his own smiling face with a handwritten "All things through Christ Phil: 4:13", a paraphrase of Philippians 4:13.[120] Howard's leaping reach of 12 ft 6 in (3.81 m) is the highest documented in NBA history, 1 inch (2.5 cm) higher than Shaquille O'Neal's previous record of 12 ft 5 in (3.78 m).[117] As of April 2013, Howard's career average of 12.9 rebounds per game (in the regular season) ranked 12th in NBA history.[121]

text: Howard's abilities and powerful physique have drawn attention from fellow NBA All-Stars. Tim Duncan once remarked in 2007: "[Howard] is so developed... He has so much promise and I am glad that I will be out of the league when he is peaking."[122] Kevin Garnett echoed those sentiments: "[Howard] is a freak of nature, man... I was nowhere near that physically talented. I wasn't that gifted, as far as body and physical presence."[122] Subsequent to a game in the 2009 NBA Playoffs, Philadelphia 76ers swingman Andre Iguodala said: "It's like he can guard two guys at once. He can guard his guy and the guy coming off the pick-and-roll, which is almost impossible to do... If he gets any more athletic or jumps any higher, they're going to have to change the rules."[7] As early as December 2007, ESPN writer David Thorpe declared Howard to be the most dominant center in the NBA.[123]

text: While many sports pundits have been rating Howard as one of the top young prospects in the NBA since 2006,[118][124][125] Howard has some weaknesses in his game. Offensively, his shooting range remains limited; he is also mistake-prone, having led the NBA in total number of turnovers in the 2006–07 season.[126] Like many centers, he has a low free throw conversion percentage.[8] As a result, he is often a target of the Hack-a-Shaq defense and is annually among the league leaders in free throw attempts. During the 2007–08 regular season, Howard led the NBA with 897 free throw attempts while shooting only 59% from the free throw line.[127] Also in that season, outside of layups and dunks, his shooting percentage was only 31.6%.[23] In the 2008–09 season, he led the NBA again with 849 free throw attempts and in 2009–10, he was second in the NBA with 816.

text: Life outside of basketball

text: Public image

text: Before he was drafted in 2004, Howard said that he wanted to use his NBA career and Christian faith to "raise the name of God within the league and throughout the world".[128] He has stated he believes in reaching out to his community and fans and thus contributes substantially in the field of philanthropy.[3] An avid listener of Gospel music, he attends the Fellowship of Faith Church when he is back home in Atlanta and is involved and active with the youth programs at the church.[129] Together with his parents, Howard also established the Dwight D. Howard Foundation Inc. in 2004.[130] The Foundation provides scholarships for students who want to attend his alma mater, Southwest Atlanta Christian Academy, and grants to Lovell Elementary School and Memorial Middle School in Orlando, Florida.[130] The Foundation also organizes summer basketball camps for boys and girls, and together with high school and college coaches and players, fellow NBA players are invited to be on hand at the camp.[131] For his contributions in the Central Florida community, Howard received in 2005 the Rich and Helen De Vos Community Enrichment Award.[129] Within the NBA itself, Howard has participated in several NBA "Read to Achieve" assemblies encouraging children to make reading a priority.[129] In November 2009, the center was named one of the 10 finalists for the Jefferson Awards for Public Service, which awards athletes for their charitable work.[132] In 2009, Howard, along with several other NBA players, joined the Hoops for St. Jude charity program benefitting the St. Jude Children's Research Hospital.[133]

text: Elsewhere, Howard appeared as a special guest on an episode of the ABC series Extreme Makeover: Home Edition that aired April 2, 2006, in which Ty Pennington and his team built a new home and ministry offices for Sadie Holmes, who operates a social services ministry in the Orlando area.[134] He made another appearance on the show in the October 9, 2011 episode.

text: Along with Sam Worthington and Jonah Hill, Howard appeared in a commercial for the video game Call of Duty: Modern Warfare 3.[135]

text: Howard, along with Carmelo Anthony and Scottie Pippen, also appeared in the 2013 Chinese film Amazing, a joint venture between the NBA and Shanghai Film Group Corporation.[136]

text: In 2014, Epix featured Howard as the focal point of a documentary about his life called In the Moment. The film was directed by Ross Greenburg and Executive Producers include Michael D. Ratner and Matthew Weaver.[137]

text: Personal life

text: Never married, Howard is the father of five children, by five different women, living in three states.[138]

text: On November 18, 2007, Howard's ex-girlfriend, former Magic dancer Royce Reed, gave birth to their son, Braylon.[139] Howard won a defamation judgment against Reed in 2010, when a Florida judge ruled that she violated a court order prohibiting her from mentioning him in the media.[140] He had initially sought $550,500,000 in damages, claiming that she had disparaged him through Twitter and her appearances on the reality television show, Basketball Wives, as the couple's paternity agreement stipulated a $500 fine for each time she mentioned him in public.[141]

text: In October 2014, police in Cobb County, Georgia investigated claims by Reed that Howard abused their son.[142][143] Howard had admitted to hitting Braylon with a belt, as he had also been disciplined while growing up, and he stated that he did not realize it was wrong.[144][145] Howard was also involved in a civil case with Reed over custody of their son.[143][145]


document_title: Royal Rumble

question_text: who lasted the longest in the royal rumble

text: Royal Rumble

text: History

text: Event

text: The Royal Rumble is a pay-per-view consisting of the Royal Rumble match, title matches, and various other matches. The first Royal Rumble event took place on January 24, 1988, and was broadcast live on the USA Network.[4] The following year, the event started to be broadcast on pay-per-view[5] and thus became one of WWE's "big four" pay-per-views, along with WrestleMania, Survivor Series, and SummerSlam.[6]

text: The men's Royal Rumble match is usually located at the top of the card, though there have been exceptions, such as the 1988, 1996, 1997, 1998, 2006, 2013, and 2018 events.[7] Due to the Rumble match taking up a large amount of time (most Rumble matches last roughly one hour), the Rumble event tends to have a smaller card than most other pay-per-view events, which routinely have six to eight matches per card. The 2008 Royal Rumble was the first WWE pay-per-view to be available in high-definition.[8] The 2018 Royal Rumble was the first to feature a women's Royal Rumble match, which was the main event for that year.

text: Match

text: The Royal Rumble is based on the classic Battle Royal match, in which a number of wrestlers (traditionally 30) aim at eliminating their competitors by tossing them over the top rope, with both feet touching the floor.[1][2][9] The winner of the event is the last wrestler remaining after all others have been eliminated.[1][10] According to Hornswoggle, who worked for WWE from 2006 until 2016 and participated in two Rumbles, participants may learn their eliminations by knowing the two wrestlers who are eliminated before them and which wrestlers are entering the Royal Rumble in between their elimination.[11]

text: The Royal Rumble differs from the classical Battle Royal as the contestants do not enter the ring at the same time, but instead are assigned entry numbers, usually via a lottery, although desirable spots are occasionally assigned by other means, the most common being winning a match. This lottery is usually staged right before the event begins.[1] The match begins with the two wrestlers who have drawn entry numbers one and two, with the remaining wrestlers entering the ring at regular timed intervals, either 90 seconds or two minutes, according to their entry number.[1] This format is credited to Pat Patterson.[12] To date, only four men who have been one of the starting wrestlers have won the Royal Rumble: Shawn Michaels, Vince McMahon, Chris Benoit, and Rey Mysterio. The most common number to win is number 27.

text: The Royal Rumble match traditionally involves 30 wrestlers and usually lasts an hour, with the longest match, at the 2011 event, lasting over one hour and nine minutes of a three-hour pay-per-view.[13] However, the first televised Rumble match, contested in 1988, involved only 20 men,[14] and lasted 33 minutes of the two-hour broadcast.[13] The 1998 Royal Rumble nominally had the traditional 30-man field, but only 28 individual wrestlers competed; Mick Foley entered the Royal Rumble match three different times—first as Cactus Jack, then as Mankind, and finally as Dude Love.[15] The 2011 Royal Rumble was the first and only to have a 40-man field,[16] out of whom Alberto Del Rio was victorious. The 2018 Royal Rumble was the first to feature a women's Royal Rumble match, with Stephanie McMahon making the official announcement on the December 18, 2017 edition of Raw.[17] The women's Royal Rumble match has all of the same rules as the men's match, including having 30 participants.[18][19]

text: The match has no stipulations or rules other than that elimination must occur by a participant being placed over the top rope and both feet touching the floor. A wrestler who only touches the floor with one foot is not eliminated from the match, a rule which greatly affected the 1995 match, allowing Shawn Michaels to re-enter the ring and win the match. This has been popularized by Kofi Kingston, who although has not won a match, he has found various ways to keep both of his feet from touching the floor.[20] Subsequently, a wrestler who exits the ring without going over the top rope is not eliminated from the contest. For example, during the 1999 match, both Vince McMahon and Steve Austin left the ring, only to return later in the match.[21] In the 1994 match, the last two participants, Bret Hart and Lex Luger, were declared co-winners when it was decided that both of their feet touched the floor at exactly the same time.[22] A similar situation occurred in the 2005 match. However, the match was instead restarted after Batista and John Cena eliminated each other at the same time (as their simultaneous elimination was actually an accident); Batista eliminated Cena afterwards to win the match.[23] Though various referees are charged with observing the match, some eliminations have gone unnoticed to allow the eliminated participants to sneak back into the ring to continue. Steve Austin was able to win in this way during the 1997 match after re-entering following an unacknowledged elimination and eventually tossed Bret Hart, who was the last legal wrestler in the ring, over the top.[24]

text: Although the vast majority of eliminations are caused by active participants, eliminations caused by other means have occurred, and have been ruled legitimate, including self-eliminations (such as Andre the Giant jumping out of the ring after seeing a snake in 1989, Kane eliminating himself in 1999, and Drew Carey eliminating himself in 2001; however, Randy Savage's jump over the top rope in 1992 was not ruled as self-elimination), elimination from previously-eliminated participants (such as The Undertaker eliminating Maven in 2002, Kurt Angle eliminating Shawn Michaels in 2005, Kane eliminating CM Punk in 2014, and The Wyatt Family eliminating Brock Lesnar in 2016), and elimination from non-participants (such as Shane McMahon eliminating Shawn Michaels in 2006 and The Miz eliminating John Cena in 2011). Furthermore, if an injured wrestler is taken away by medical staff, he can return to the match as long as the match is still ongoing (such as Steve Austin in 1999 or Roman Reigns in 2016), but if the match ends without the injured wrestler returning, he is deemed eliminated (such as Scotty 2 Hotty in 2005 or Curtis Axel in 2015).

text: Prize

text: Since 1993, the winner of the Royal Rumble match is traditionally awarded a title match for WWE's top championship at WrestleMania – presently, there are two top championships, the Universal Championship on Raw and the WWE Championship on SmackDown.[25] Similarly, the winner of the women's Royal Rumble match (first contested in 2018) is awarded a match at WrestleMania for either of WWE's top two women's championships, the Raw Women's Championship or the SmackDown Women's Championship.[17]

text: With the brand extension introduced in mid-2002, the 30 male entrants from 2003 to 2006 consisted of 15 wrestlers from both the Raw and SmackDown brands. At first, the winner of the match received a shot at their brand's top champion.[26] Starting in 2004, the Rumble winner had the option of challenging any brand's champion. For instance, Chris Benoit switched brands after winning the 2004 Royal Rumble and won the World Heavyweight Championship at WrestleMania XX.[25] From 2007 to 2010, participants from the ECW brand competed along with the Raw and SmackDown brands, with the ECW World Championship added as an option for the winner to challenge for, although no winners ever did.[27] During ECW's participation, the entries for each brand were not evenly divided.[28] The ECW Championship was deactivated in 2010, and the World Heavyweight Championship was unified into the WWE Championship in 2013, leaving the latter as the only title to challenge for until July 2016, when the brand extension returned. With the new brand extension, the winner of the 2017 event earned a match for their brand's top championship, Raw's Universal Championship or SmackDown's WWE Championship, but beginning in 2018, the winner has a choice. Conversely, beginning with the 2018 event, women receive a title opportunity of their choice for a women's championship: the Raw or SmackDown Women's Championship. Due to free agents, Hall of Famers, and wrestlers from the NXT brand also participating, there has not been an even division of wrestlers (in either the men's or women's Rumbles) between Raw and SmackDown since the second brand extension went into effect.

text: WWE's top championship has been booked as on the line during the Royal Rumble match on two occasions. In 1992, the vacant WWF World Heavyweight Championship was contested in the 1992 Royal Rumble match, eventually won by Ric Flair,[29] while in 2016, Roman Reigns was scheduled to defend his WWE World Heavyweight Championship as a participant of that year's Royal Rumble match and was entrant number one. This marked the first time that a reigning champion had to defend his title in the match, which was ultimately won by Triple H, who eliminated Reigns before lastly eliminating Dean Ambrose to win. Reigns would go on to earn a match against Triple H at WrestleMania 32 and won back the title.

text: From 2001 to 2007, the Royal Rumble match winner had gone on to win a world championship title at WrestleMania.[13] After winning the 2008 match, John Cena became the first winner to use his championship opportunity at an event (No Way Out 2008) other than WrestleMania.[30] He also became the first since The Rock in 2000 to win the Royal Rumble match but fail to win the title in his championship opportunity.

text: The Royal Rumble winner may also choose to put his championship opportunity on the line in a match. This was first done in 1996, when Shawn Michaels risked his WrestleMania XII title shot in a match against Owen Hart at In Your House 6. The second time was in 1999, when Stone Cold Steve Austin offered to forfeit his title opportunity to the Big Boss Man, who won third place in the Rumble (Austin was actually the runner-up in that rumble, but the winner, Vince McMahon himself, had voluntarily given up his title opportunity) if McMahon could beat him in a cage match at St. Valentine's Day Massacre: In Your House, which Austin would go on to win. The third time was in 2002, when Kurt Angle convinced Triple H to put his WrestleMania X8 championship spot on the line at No Way Out, a match which Angle won. However, Triple H would later defeat Angle and regain his WrestleMania championship spot. The fourth time was in 2006, when Randy Orton goaded Rey Mysterio into putting his main event spot at WrestleMania 22 on the line at No Way Out, a match which Orton won. Mysterio was eventually reinserted into the main event at WrestleMania, making it a triple threat match, and went on to win the World Heavyweight Championship. On the February 25, 2013, edition of Raw, John Cena successfully defended his WrestleMania 29 WWE Championship opportunity in a match against CM Punk. On February 22, 2015, at Fastlane, Roman Reigns defended his WrestleMania 31 WWE World Heavyweight Championship opportunity against Daniel Bryan.

text: In 2000, The Rock was declared the victor, as the storyline intended. However, it was later revealed that his feet had actually touched before those of the Big Show. A singles match was held at No Way Out, the event following the Royal Rumble, to determine who received the WrestleMania title shot against the reigning champion Triple H. Big Show won with the help of Shane McMahon. Rock then defeated Big Show in a rematch in March on Raw with the help of Vince McMahon, which earned him a title shot and converted the match at WrestleMania into a triple threat that was later made a four-way match when Linda McMahon inserted the recently retired Mick Foley into the match.

text: Other Royal Rumble matches

text: WWE has booked several Royal Rumble matches outside of the annual Royal Rumble event:

text:
The very first Royal Rumble match took place at a house show in St. Louis, Missouri on October 4, 1987 where the One Man Gang won a 12-Man Royal Rumble, last eliminating the Junkyard Dog, to earn a WWF World Heavyweight Championship match against Hulk Hogan at the following month's St. Louis house show.
A 20-man Royal Rumble match took place at a house show in Hartford, Connecticut on March 16, 1988 where Ravishing Rick Rude was the winner.
A 30-man Royal Rumble on January 17, 1994 at Madison Square Garden was won by Owen Hart, last eliminating Fatu.
An 18-man Royal Rumble match took place on May 9, 1994 in Osaka, Japan and was won by The Undertaker who last eliminated Bam Bam Bigelow.
There was a Tag Team Royal Rumble on the June 15, 1998 episode of Raw Is War. Kane and Mankind won the match and earned an opportunity for the WWF Tag Team Championship against The New Age Outlaws.
On January 11, 1999, a "Corporate Royal Rumble" involving members of The Corporation and D-Generation X was held on Raw to determine the 30th entry in the Royal Rumble that year. The match was won by Chyna, who last eliminated Mr. McMahon.
A 15-man Royal Rumble was held during the January 29, 2004, edition of SmackDown to crown a contender for Brock Lesnar's WWE Championship at No Way Out. Eddie Guerrero won the match, last eliminating Kurt Angle.
On January 14, 2008, Mr. McMahon organized a mini-Royal Rumble, involving midget wrestlers. Hornswoggle won the match.
On the January 31, 2011, episode of Raw, a Royal Rumble to crown the contender for The Miz's WWE Championship at Elimination Chamber was held. Jerry Lawler won the match, last eliminating Sheamus.
On April 27, 2018, the WWE is going to hold a pay-per-view in Jeddah, Saudi Arabia titled the Greatest Royal Rumble, which is going to feature a 50-man Royal Rumble match.[31]

text: Dates, venues, and winners

text:
List of Royal Rumble dates, venues, and winners

Event
Date
City
Venue
Winner
Entry No.
Ref.
Main event

01 !1
Royal Rumble (1988)
January 24, 1988
Hamilton, Ontario
Copps Coliseum
Duggan, JimJim Duggan
13 !13
[32][33]
The Islanders (Haku and Tama) vs. The Young Stallions (Paul Roma and Jim Powers) in a two out of three falls match

02 !2
Royal Rumble (1989)
January 15, 1989
Houston, Texas
The Summit
Studd, Big JohnBig John Studd
27 !27
[34][35]
30-man Royal Rumble match

03 !3
Royal Rumble (1990)
January 21, 1990
Orlando, Florida
Orlando Arena
Hogan, HulkHulk Hogan
25 !25
[36][37]
30-man Royal Rumble match

04 !4
Royal Rumble (1991)
January 19, 1991
Miami, Florida
Miami Arena
24 !24
[38][39]
30-man Royal Rumble match

05 !5
Royal Rumble (1992)
January 19, 1992
Albany, New York
Knickerbocker Arena
Flair, RicRic Flair
03 !3
[40][41]
30-man Royal Rumble match for the vacant WWF World Heavyweight Championship

06 !6
Royal Rumble (1993)
January 24, 1993
Sacramento, California
ARCO Arena
Yokozuna
27 !27
[42][43]
30-man Royal Rumble match

07 !7
Royal Rumble (1994)
January 23, 1994
Providence, Rhode Island
Providence Civic Center
Bret Hart
Lex Luger
27 !27
23 !23
[44][45]
30-man Royal Rumble match

08 !8
Royal Rumble (1995)
January 22, 1995
Tampa, Florida
USF Sun Dome
Michaels, ShawnShawn Michaels
01 !1
[46][47]
30-man Royal Rumble match

09 !9
Royal Rumble (1996)
January 21, 1996
Fresno, California
Selland Arena
18 !18
[48][49]
Bret Hart (c) vs. The Undertaker for the WWF World Heavyweight Championship

10 !10
Royal Rumble (1997)
January 19, 1997
San Antonio, Texas
Alamodome
Stone Cold Steve Austin
05 !5
[50][51]
Sycho Sid (c) vs. Shawn Michaels for the WWF World Heavyweight Championship

11 !11
Royal Rumble (1998)
January 18, 1998
San Jose, California
San Jose Arena
24 !24
[52][53][54]
Shawn Michaels (c) vs. The Undertaker in a Casket match for the WWF World Heavyweight Championship

12 !12
Royal Rumble (1999)
January 24, 1999
Anaheim, California
Arrowhead Pond
Mr. McMahon
02 !2
[55][56][57]
30-man Royal Rumble match

13 !13
Royal Rumble (2000)
January 23, 2000
New York City, New York
Madison Square Garden
Rock, TheThe Rock
24 !24
[58][59][60]
30-man Royal Rumble match

14 !14
Royal Rumble (2001)
January 21, 2001
New Orleans, Louisiana
New Orleans Arena
Stone Cold Steve Austin
27 !27
[61][62][63]
30-man Royal Rumble match

15 !15
Royal Rumble (2002)
January 20, 2002
Atlanta, Georgia
Philips Arena
Triple H
22 !22
[64][65][66]
30-man Royal Rumble match

16 !16
Royal Rumble (2003)
January 19, 2003
Boston, Massachusetts
FleetCenter
Lesnar, BrockBrock Lesnar
29 !29
[67][68]
30-man Royal Rumble match

17 !17
Royal Rumble (2004)
January 25, 2004
Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
Wachovia Center
Chris Benoit
01 !1
[69][70][71]
30-man Royal Rumble match

18 !18
Royal Rumble (2005)
January 30, 2005
Fresno, California
Save Mart Center
Batista
28 !28
[72][73][74]
30-man Royal Rumble match

19 !19
Royal Rumble (2006)
January 29, 2006
Miami, Florida
American Airlines Arena
Mysterio, ReyRey Mysterio
02 !2
[75][76][77]
Kurt Angle (c) vs. Mark Henry for the World Heavyweight Championship

20 !20
Royal Rumble (2007)
January 28, 2007
San Antonio, Texas
AT&T Center
Undertaker, TheThe Undertaker
30 !30
[78][79][80]
30-man Royal Rumble match

21 !21
Royal Rumble (2008)
January 27, 2008
New York City, New York
Madison Square Garden
Cena, JohnJohn Cena
30 !30
[81][82][83]
30-man Royal Rumble match

22 !22
Royal Rumble (2009)
January 25, 2009
Detroit, Michigan
Joe Louis Arena
Orton, RandyRandy Orton
08 !8
[84][85]
30-man Royal Rumble match

23 !23
Royal Rumble (2010)
January 31, 2010
Atlanta, Georgia
Philips Arena
Edge
29
[86][87]
30-man Royal Rumble match

24 !24
Royal Rumble (2011)
January 30, 2011
Boston, Massachusetts
TD Garden
Del Rio, AlbertoAlberto Del Rio
38
[88]
40-man Royal Rumble match

25 !25
Royal Rumble (2012)
January 29, 2012
St. Louis, Missouri
Scottrade Center
Sheamus
22
[89][90][91]
30-man Royal Rumble match

26 !26
Royal Rumble (2013)
January 27, 2013
Phoenix, Arizona
US Airways Center
Cena, JohnJohn Cena
19
[92][93][94]
CM Punk (c) vs. The Rock for the WWE Championship

27 !27
Royal Rumble (2014)
January 26, 2014
Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
Consol Energy Center
Batista
28
[95][96]
30-man Royal Rumble match

28 !28
Royal Rumble (2015)
January 25, 2015
Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
Wells Fargo Center
Reigns, RomanRoman Reigns
19
[97]
30-man Royal Rumble match

29 !29
Royal Rumble (2016)
January 24, 2016
Orlando, Florida
Amway Center
Triple H
30
[98][99]
30-man Royal Rumble match for the WWE World Heavyweight Championship; reigning champion Roman Reigns defended the title in the match

30 !30
Royal Rumble (2017)
January 29, 2017
San Antonio, Texas
Alamodome
Randy Orton
23
[100]
30-man Royal Rumble match

31 !31
Royal Rumble (2018)
January 28, 2018
Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
Wells Fargo Center
Shinsuke Nakamura
14
[101][102]
30-woman Royal Rumble match

Asuka
25
[103][104]

32
Royal Rumble (2019)
January 27, 2019
Phoenix, Arizona
Chase Field
TBD Men
TBD
[105]
TBD

TBD Women
TBD
[105]

text: Male Royal Rumble winner's championship opportunity

text:
Championship
Wins
Losses
Total

WWE Championship
9
8
17

World Heavyweight Championship
5
2
7

Total
13
10
23

text:
Winner
Event
Year
Championship match

01 !1
Yokozuna
WrestleMania IX
1993
Yokozuna defeated Bret Hart for the WWF World Heavyweight Championship.

02 !2
Lex Luger
WrestleMania X
1994
Luger lost to Yokozuna by disqualification for the WWF World Heavyweight Championship.

02 !2
Bret Hart
WrestleMania X
1994
Hart defeated Yokozuna for the WWF World Heavyweight Championship.

03 !3
Shawn Michaels
WrestleMania XI
1995
Michaels lost to Diesel for the WWF World Heavyweight Championship.

04 !4
Shawn Michaels
WrestleMania XII
1996
Michaels successfully defended his title shot against Owen Hart at In Your House 6. Michaels went on to defeat Bret Hart for the WWF World Heavyweight Championship.

05 !5
Stone Cold Steve Austin
WrestleMania 13
1997
Due to Austin re-entering the Rumble match because the officials did not see when he was thrown out of the ring, WWF President Gorilla Monsoon ruled that he would not be receiving the WrestleMania 13 title shot. A match in February was signed to determine who would receive it, but champion Shawn Michaels' forfeiting the title changed those plans. The WrestleMania main event pitted The Undertaker against Sycho Sid.

06 !6
Stone Cold Steve Austin
WrestleMania XIV
1998
Austin defeated Shawn Michaels for the WWF World Heavyweight Championship.

07 !7
Mr. McMahon
WrestleMania XV
1999
The following night on Raw Is War, McMahon renounced his title opportunity to challenge then WWF Champion, The Rock, at WrestleMania. WWF Commissioner Shawn Michaels awarded the title opportunity to the runner-up, Stone Cold Steve Austin, who defeated McMahon in a steel cage match to retain his opportunity and would go on to WrestleMania to defeat The Rock for the WWF Championship.

08 !8
The Rock
WrestleMania 2000
2000
Video footage later showed Rock's feet hit the floor first before runner-up Big Show. After multiple attempts to name a rightful No. 1 contender failed, both The Rock and Big Show were added to the main event along with Mick Foley to challenge the champion Triple H. Triple H was able to successfully defend the WWF Championship in a four corner elimination match.

09 !9
Stone Cold Steve Austin
WrestleMania X-Seven
2001
Austin defeated The Rock in a no disqualification match for the WWF Championship.

10 !10
Triple H
WrestleMania X8
2002
Triple H lost his WrestleMania title shot to Kurt Angle at No Way Out. The following night on Raw, Triple H won his title shot back and would defeat Chris Jericho for the Undisputed WWF Championship.

11 !11
Brock Lesnar
WrestleMania XIX
2003
As a member of the SmackDown brand, Lesnar earned a match for his brand's WWE Championship. At WrestleMania XIX, Lesnar defeated Kurt Angle for the WWE Championship.

12 !12
Chris Benoit
WrestleMania XX
2004
Benoit won the Rumble as a SmackDown! wrestler, but switched to the Raw brand to challenge Triple H for the World Heavyweight Championship. He defeated Triple H and Shawn Michaels in a triple threat match for the World Heavyweight Championship.

13 !13
Batista
WrestleMania 21
2005
Batista defeated Triple H for the World Heavyweight Championship.

14 !14
Rey Mysterio
WrestleMania 22
2006
Mysterio lost his WrestleMania title shot to Randy Orton at No Way Out. SmackDown! General Manager Theodore Long later added Mysterio to the World Heavyweight Championship match at WrestleMania, making it a triple threat match. At WrestleMania 22, Mysterio defeated the champion Kurt Angle and Orton in a triple threat match to win the World Heavyweight Championship.

15 !15
The Undertaker
WrestleMania 23
2007
Undertaker defeated Batista for the World Heavyweight Championship.

16 !16
John Cena
No Way Out (2008)
WrestleMania XXIV
2008
Instead of waiting until WrestleMania, Cena used his WWE Championship shot at No Way Out against Randy Orton. Orton remained champion due to being disqualified. A triple threat match for the WWE Championship was held at WrestleMania XXIV, also including Triple H. Orton successfully retained.

17 !17
Randy Orton
WrestleMania XXV
2009
Orton lost to Triple H for the WWE Championship.

18 !18
Edge
WrestleMania XXVI
2010
Edge lost to Chris Jericho for the World Heavyweight Championship.

19 !19
Alberto Del Rio
WrestleMania XXVII
2011
Del Rio lost to Edge for the World Heavyweight Championship.

20 !20
Sheamus
WrestleMania XXVIII
2012
Sheamus defeated Daniel Bryan for the World Heavyweight Championship.

21 !21
John Cena
WrestleMania 29
2013
On the February 25 episode of Raw, Cena successfully defended his title shot against CM Punk. Cena went on to defeat The Rock for the WWE Championship.

22 !22
Batista
WrestleMania XXX
2014
Daniel Bryan defeated Triple H in the opening match, with the winner being inserted into the WWE World Heavyweight Championship match. Bryan defeated the champion Randy Orton and Batista in a triple threat match.

23 !23
Roman Reigns
WrestleMania 31
2015
Reigns successfully defended his title shot at Fastlane against Daniel Bryan. Reigns went on to challenge Brock Lesnar for the WWE World Heavyweight Championship at WrestleMania 31. During the match at WrestleMania, Seth Rollins cashed in his Money in the Bank contract, converting the singles match between Reigns and Lesnar into a triple threat match. Rollins pinned Reigns to win the WWE World Heavyweight Championship.

24 !24
Randy Orton
WrestleMania 33
2017
As a member of the SmackDown brand, Orton earned himself a match for his brand's WWE Championship. However, after his fellow Wyatt Family member Bray Wyatt won the championship at Elimination Chamber and retained it on the following SmackDown, Orton said he would not face Wyatt for the title at WrestleMania. On the February 28 episode of SmackDown, Orton reverted his decision and turned on Wyatt; the following week, he defeated AJ Styles, who had become the new number one contender for the title, to re-earn his title shot against Wyatt at WrestleMania. At the event, Orton defeated Wyatt to win the WWE Championship.

25 !25
Shinsuke Nakamura
WrestleMania 34
2018
Nakamura chose to stay on SmackDown and challenge AJ Styles for the WWE Championship at WrestleMania, where he ultimately lost the match.

text: Note: There was no WrestleMania title opportunity for the winners of the 1992 and 2016 Royal Rumble matches. In 1992, Ric Flair won the Royal Rumble match, which was for the vacant WWF World Heavyweight Championship. In 2016, Triple H won the Royal Rumble match in which Roman Reigns defended the WWE World Heavyweight Championship. Both ultimately lost their championship defenses at WrestleMania (to Randy Savage and Reigns, respectively).

text: Female Royal Rumble winner's championship opportunity

text:
Championship
Wins
Losses
Total

WWE SmackDown Women's Championship
0
1
1

Total
0
1
1

text:
Winner
Event
Year
Championship match

1 !1
Asuka
WrestleMania 34
2018
Asuka decided to challenge Charlotte Flair for the SmackDown Women's Championship, but lost the match, which ended her two-year undefeated streak.

text: Royal Rumble records

text: Males

text: Most Rumble victories

text:
No
Wrestler
Royal Rumble wins
Year

1
Stone Cold Steve Austin
3
1997, 1998, 2001

2
Hulk Hogan
2
1990, 1991

Shawn Michaels
1995, 1996

Triple H
2002, 2016

Batista
2005, 2014

John Cena
2008, 2013

Randy Orton
2009, 2017

text: Most times being a Rumble runner-up

text:
No
Wrestler
Times
Year

1
Roman Reigns
3
2014, 2017, 2018

2
Big Show
2
2000, 2004

Shawn Michaels
1994, 2007

Triple H
2008, 2009

John Cena
2005, 2010

text: Winners by entry number

text:
No
Wins
Year

27
4
1989, 1993, 1994, 2001

30
3
2007, 2008, 2016

24
1991, 1998, 2000

19
2
2013, 2015

28
2005, 2014

22
2002, 2012

29
2003, 2010

2
1999, 2006

1
1995, 2004

23
1994, 2017

14
1
2018

38
2011

8
2009

5
1997

18
1996

3
1992

25
1990

13
1988

text: Longest time spent in a single Royal Rumble

text: Top 20 individual longest times in a single Royal Rumble match. As of the 2018 Royal Rumble.

text:
No
Wrestler
Time
Year

1
Rey Mysterio
1:02:12
2006[106]

2
Chris Benoit
1:01:31
2004[106]

3
Bob Backlund
1:01:10
1993[106]

4
Triple H
1:00:16
2006

5
Chris Jericho
1:00:13
2017

6
Ric Flair
1:00:02
1992[106]

7
Roman Reigns
59:50
2016

8
Finn Bálor
57:30
2018

9
Mr. McMahon
56:38
1999

Stone Cold Steve Austin
56:38
1999

11
Kane
53:46
2001

12
Rick Martel
52:17
1991[106]

13
The Rock
51:32
1998

14
Chris Jericho
50:50
2016

15
Triple H
49:58
2009

16
Dolph Ziggler
49:47
2013

17
Rey Mysterio
49:24
2009

18
CM Punk
49:11
2014

19
Seth Rollins
48:31
2014

20
Randy Orton
48:27
2009

text: Note: bold indicates the winner of that year's match

text: Longest cumulative time spent in Royal Rumbles

text: Only wrestlers who have spent more than 3 cumulative hours are shown. As of the 2018 Royal Rumble.

text:
No
Wrestler
Time

1
Chris Jericho
4:56:00 [107]

2
Triple H
4:00:02

3
Shawn Michaels
3:42:30[107]

4
Isaac Yankem/Diesel/Kane
3:38:46

5
Rey Mysterio
3:29:25

6
Cody Rhodes/Stardust
3:08:30

7
Randy Orton
3:01:40

text: Shortest time spent in a single Royal Rumble

text: Only wrestlers who spent 10 seconds or less in a single rumble are shown. As of the 2018 Royal Rumble.

text:
No
Wrestler
Time
Year

1
Santino Marella
0:00:01
2009[106]

2
The Warlord
0:00:02
1989[106]

Sheamus
0:00:02*
2018

4
Mo
0:00:03
1995[106]

Owen Hart
0:00:03
1995[106]

6
Bushwhacker Luke
0:00:04
1991

Jerry Lawler
0:00:04
1997

Titus O'Neil
0:00:04
2015

9
The Godfather
0:00:05
2013[106]

10
Gillberg
0:00:07
1999

The Miz
0:00:07
2007

Montel Vontavious Porter
0:00:07
2010

13
Adam Rose
0:00:08
2015

14
Tazz
0:00:10
2001

text: (*) - WWE's official source mistakenly reports the time as 20 seconds.

text: Non-eliminated wrestlers

text: Several times, wrestlers were drawn to compete in the match but did not actually compete. Their participation is counted as zero seconds, with the exception of #6 Hornswoggle:

text:
In 1991, "Macho King" Randy Savage was drawn 18th, but no-showed due to leaving the building after costing Ultimate Warrior the WWF Championship against Sgt. Slaughter.
In 1994, Bastion Booger was drawn 25th, but no-showed due to suffering food poisoning before the match.
In 1998, Skull was drawn 22nd, but no-showed due to being attacked by Los Boricuas after being mistaken for Stone Cold Steve Austin.
In 2004, Spike Dudley was drawn 13th, but was attacked on the ramp by Kane.
In 2005, Scotty 2 Hotty was drawn 15th, but was attacked on the ramp by Muhammad Hassan.
In 2008, Hornswoggle was drawn 9th and eliminated The Miz, however he wasn't brought into the ring until towards the end of the match by Mark Henry and was saved by Finlay, who was drawn 27th, and escorted to the back and never re-entered the match. Finlay would later be disqualified after coming out before his number came up and using his shillelagh to help Hornswoggle.
In 2015, Curtis Axel was drawn 6th, but was attacked on the ramp by Erick Rowan. Unlike other occasions, this was notable for actually being worked into a gimmick for Axel, where he began to imitate Hulk Hogan and wear shirts emblazoned with "AxelMania" and claim that he was never eliminated from the Royal Rumble, therefore he won it, deserving a spot in the main event of WrestleMania.

tag: ol

text: Wrestlers who had their number stolen or were replaced

text: Several times, wrestlers were drawn to compete and were instead either attacked backstage or pulled from the match at the last minute, and replaced by other wrestlers.

text:
In 1999, Mosh was drawn 11th, but was attacked by Mabel, who took Mosh's spot.
In 2001, the team of Lo Down (Chaz and D'Lo Brown) defeated Kaientai (Funaki and Taka Michinoku) to earn one entrance spot in the Royal Rumble match, but that was later overturned by Vince McMahon who entered Drew Carey in their spot.
In 2004, Test was drawn 21st, but was attacked by Mick Foley, who took Test's spot.
In 2005, Nunzio was drawn 20th, but was bullied by Kurt Angle before the match, and took Nunzio's spot.
In 2018, Tye Dillinger was drawn 10th, but was attacked by Kevin Owens and Sami Zayn, the latter of whom took Dillinger's spot.

text: Most eliminations in a single Royal Rumble

text: Top wrestlers with most eliminations in a single match. Only wrestlers with at least seven eliminations are shown. As of the 2018 Royal Rumble.

text:
No
Wrestler
No. of eliminations
Year

1
Roman Reigns
12
2014[108]

2
Kane
11
2001[106][109]

3
Hulk Hogan
10
1989[106][110]

Stone Cold Steve Austin
10
1997[106][111]

5
Shawn Michaels
8
1995, 1996

Stone Cold Steve Austin
8
1999

7
Hulk Hogan
7
1991

Yokozuna
7
1993

Diesel
7
1994

Stone Cold Steve Austin
7
1998, 2002

Rikishi
7
2000

The Undertaker
7
2002

The Great Khali
7
2007

CM Punk
7
2011

John Cena
7
2011

Braun Strowman
7
2017

text: Total eliminations in cumulative Royal Rumbles

text: Top wrestlers with the most eliminations. Only wrestlers with at least 20 eliminations are shown. As of the 2018 Royal Rumble.[112]

text:
No
Wrestler
No. of eliminations
Rumbles entered

1
Isaac Yankem/"Diesel"/Kane
44
19[106][113][114]

2
Shawn Michaels
40
12[115][116]

The Undertaker
40
11

4
The Ringmaster/Stone Cold Steve Austin
36
6[106]

5
Triple H
33
9

6
Big Show
31
12

7
Roman Reigns
30
5

8
Hulk Hogan
27
4

9
John Cena
25
9

10
Randy Orton
22
9

text: Most Rumble appearances

text: Only wrestlers with at least 10 appearances are shown. As of the 2018 Royal Rumble.

text:
No
Wrestler
Rumbles entered
First Rumble
Most recent Rumble

1
Isaac Yankem/"Diesel"/Kane
19
1996
2016

3
Shawn Michaels
12
1989
2010

Big Show
2000
2017

Goldust
1997
2018

5
The Miz
11
2007
2018

The Undertaker
1991
2017

The Sultan/Fatu/Rikishi
1993
2004

7
Mabel/Viscera/Big Daddy V
10
1994
2008

Chris Jericho
2000
2017

Kofi Kingston
2009
2018

Dolph Ziggler
2009
2018

text: Female entrants in male Royal Rumbles

text:
No
Wrestler
Rumbles entered

1
Chyna
2 (1999, 2000)[56][59]

2
Beth Phoenix*
1 (2010)[87]

3
Kharma
1 (2012)

text: Only wrestler to appear in both the male and female Royal Rumbles.

text: Females

text: As of the 2018 Royal Rumble, only one match has occurred; the top ten times are shown.

text:
No
Wrestler
Time
Year

1
Sasha Banks
54:46
2018

2
Becky Lynch
30:54
2018

3
Natalya
25:34
2018

4
Asuka
19:41
2018

5
Carmella
18:45
2018

6
Nia Jax
17:56
2018

7
Nikki Bella
16:30
2018

Sarah Logan
16:30
2018

9
Brie Bella
11:58
2018

10
Ruby Riott
11:32
2018

text:
No
Wrestler
Time
Year

1
Vickie Guerrero
00:57
2018

2
Tamina
01:34
2018

3
Jacqueline
01:52
2018

4
Beth Phoenix
02:22
2018

5
Lana
02:54
2018

6
Dana Brooke
02:59
2018

7
Torrie Wilson
03:04
2018

8
Mandy Rose
03:52
2018

9
Molly Holly
04:04
2018

10
Kairi Sane
04:49
2018

text: As only one match has occurred, only wrestlers with at least three eliminations are shown. As of the 2018 Royal Rumble.

text:
No
Wrestler
No. of eliminations
Year

1
Michelle McCool
5
2018

2
Nia Jax
4

Nikki Bella

4
Sasha Banks
3

Asuka

Natalya

Trish Stratus

text: Other Royal Rumble matches

text:
List of Royal Rumble dates, venues, and winners

Event
Date
City
Venue
Winner
Ref.
Note

1
House show
October 4, 1987
St. Louis, MO
St. Louis Arena
One Man Gang
[117][118]
12-man Royal Rumble

2
House show
March 16, 1988
Hartford, CT
Hartford Civic Center
Rick Rude
[119][120]
20-man Royal Rumble

3
House show
January 17, 1994
New York City
Madison Square Garden
Owen Hart
[121]
30-man Royal Rumble

4
House show
May 9, 1994
Osaka, Japan
Castle Hall
The Undertaker
[121]
18-man Royal Rumble

5
Raw
June 15, 1998
San Antonio, Texas
Freeman Coliseum
Kane and Mankind
[121]
10-tag team Royal Rumble

6
Raw
January 11, 1999
Houston
Compaq Center
Chyna
[121]
10-man Corporation vs. DX "Corporate Rumble", for the #30 spot in the 1999 Royal Rumble

7
SmackDown!
January 29, 2004
Washington, D.C.
MCI Center
Eddie Guerrero
[122]
15-man SmackDown! Royal Rumble to determine the #1 contender for the WWE Championship at No Way Out

8
Raw
January 14, 2008
Mobile, Alabama
Mobile Civic Center
Hornswoggle
[123]
Mini Royal Rumble; 6-man, all participants were midget wrestlers, with the exception of The Great Khali.

9
Raw
January 31, 2011
Providence, Rhode Island
Dunkin' Donuts Center
Jerry Lawler
[124]
7-man Raw Rumble to determine the #1 contender for the WWE Championship at Elimination Chamber

10
Greatest Royal Rumble
April 27, 2018
Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
King Abdullah International Stadium
TBD
[31][125]
50-man Royal Rumble

text: Video box set

text: In March 2007, WWE released a complete DVD box set titled Royal Rumble: The Complete Anthology, which showcases every Royal Rumble event in its entirety, up to the 2007 Royal Rumble.[126]


document_title: List of largest lakes of the United States by area

question_text: what is the largest man made lake in the us

text: The following is a list of the largest 100 lakes of the United States by normal surface area. The top twenty lakes in size are as listed by the National Atlas of the United States, a publication of the United States Department of the Interior. The area given is the normal or average area of the lake. The area of some lakes fluctuates substantially. For those lakes partially in Canada or Mexico the area given for the lake is the total area, not just the part of the lake in the United States. Of the top 100 lakes, 55 are man-made and 45 are natural. Three lakes in the top 100 are primarily salt water.

text:
Rank
Name
U.S. states/Canadian provinces/Mexican states
Area
Type
Notes

1
Lake Superior
Michigan-Minnesota-Wisconsin-Ontario
31,700 sq mi
82,103 km2
natural
[1]

2
Lake Huron
Michigan-Ontario
23,000 sq mi
59,570 km2
natural
[2]

3
Lake Michigan
Illinois-Indiana-Michigan-Wisconsin
22,300 sq mi
57,757 km2
natural
[3]

4
Lake Erie
Michigan-New York-Ohio-Ontario-Pennsylvania
9,910 sq mi
25,667 km2
natural
[4]

5
Lake Ontario
New York-Ontario
7,340 sq mi
19,011 km2
natural
[5]

6
Great Salt Lake
Utah
2,117 sq mi
5,483 km2
natural
salt[6]

7
Lake of the Woods
Manitoba-Minnesota-Ontario
1,679 sq mi
4,349 km2
natural

8
Iliamna Lake
Alaska
1,014 sq mi
2,626 km2
natural

9
Lake Oahe
North Dakota-South Dakota
685 sq mi
1,774 km2
man-made
[7]

10
Lake Okeechobee
Florida
662 sq mi
1,715 km2
natural
[8]

11
Lake Pontchartrain
Louisiana
631 sq mi
1,634 km2
natural
salt [9]

12
Lake Sakakawea
North Dakota
520 sq mi
1,347 km2
man-made

13
Lake Champlain
New York-Vermont-Quebec
490 sq mi
1,269 km2
natural

14
Becharof Lake
Alaska
453 sq mi
1,173 km2
natural

15
Lake St. Clair
Michigan - Ontario
440 sq mi
1,140 km2
natural

16
Red Lake
Minnesota
427 sq mi
1,106 km2
natural
[10]

17
Selawik Lake
Alaska
404 sq mi
1,046 km2
natural

18
Fort Peck Lake
Montana
393 sq mi
1,018 km2
man-made

19
Salton Sea
California
347 sq mi
899 km2
man-made
salt[11]

20
Rainy Lake
Minnesota-Ontario
345 sq mi
894 km2
natural

21
Devils Lake
North Dakota
300.0 sq mi
777 km2
natural
[12][13][14][15]

22
Toledo Bend Reservoir
Louisiana-Texas
284 sq mi
736 km2
man-made

23
Lake Powell
Arizona-Utah
251 sq mi
650 km2
man-made

24
Kentucky Lake
Kentucky-Tennessee
250 sq mi
647 km2
man-made

25
Lake Mead
Arizona-Nevada
247 sq mi
640 km2
man-made

26
Naknek Lake
Alaska
242 sq mi
627 km2
natural

27
Lake Winnebago
Wisconsin
215 sq mi
557 km2
natural

28
Mille Lacs Lake
Minnesota
207 sq mi
536 km2
natural

29
Flathead Lake
Montana
192 sq mi
497 km2
natural

30
Lake Tahoe
California-Nevada
191 sq mi
495 km2
natural

31
Pyramid Lake
Nevada
183 sq mi
474 km2
natural

32
Sam Rayburn Reservoir
Texas
179 sq mi
464 km2
man-made

33
Eufaula Lake
Oklahoma
169 sq mi
438 km2
man-made

34
Lake Marion
South Carolina
165 sq mi
427 km2
man-made

35
Leech Lake
Minnesota
161 sq mi
417 km2
natural

36
Utah Lake
Utah
151 sq mi
391 km2
natural

37
Lake Francis Case
South Dakota
149 sq mi
386 km2
man-made

38
Lake Pend Oreille
Idaho
148 sq mi
383 km2
natural

39
Lake Texoma
Oklahoma-Texas
139 sq mi
360 km2
man-made

40
Yellowstone Lake
Wyoming
136 sq mi
352 km2
natural

41
Falcon Lake
Tamaulipas-Texas
131 sq mi
339 km2
natural

42
Lake Livingston
Texas
130 sq mi
337 km2
man-made

43
Lake Roosevelt
Washington
128 sq mi
332 km2
man-made

44
Lake Clark
Alaska
120 sq mi
311 km2
natural

45
Moosehead Lake
Maine
117 sq mi
303 km2
natural

46
Lake Strom Thurmond
Georgia-South Carolina
111 sq mi
287 km2
man-made

47
Bear Lake
Idaho-Utah
109 sq mi
282 km2
natural

48
Lake Guntersville
Alabama
108 sq mi
280 km2
man-made

49
Lake St. Francis
New York-Ontario-Quebec
105 sq mi
272 km2
man-made
[16]

50
Wheeler Lake
Alabama
105 sq mi
272 km2
man-made

51
Amistad Lake
Coahuila-Texas
102 sq mi
264 km2
man-made

52
Klamath Lake
Oregon
96 sq mi
249 km2
natural

53
Lake Moultrie
South Carolina
94 sq mi
243 km2
man-made

54
Lake Winnibigoshish
Minnesota
91 sq mi
236 km2
natural

55
Lake Barkley
Kentucky-Tennessee
91 sq mi
236 km2
man-made

56
Lake Sharpe
South Dakota
89 sq mi
231 km2
man-made

57
American Falls Reservoir
Idaho
88 sq mi
228 km2
man-made

58
Lake Hartwell
Georgia-South Carolina
87 sq mi
225 km2
man-made

59
Truman Reservoir
Missouri
87 sq mi
225 km2
man-made

60
Lake of the Ozarks
Missouri
86 sq mi
223 km2
man-made

61
Oneida Lake
New York
80 sq mi
207 km2
natural

62
Lake Cumberland
Kentucky
79 sq mi
205 km2
man-made

63
Kerr Lake
North Carolina-Virginia
78 sq mi
202 km2
man-made

64
Calcasieu Lake
Louisiana
77 sq mi
199 km2
natural

65
Lake Murray
South Carolina
75 sq mi
194 km2
man-made

66
Grand Lake o' the Cherokees
Oklahoma
73 sq mi
189 km2
man-made

67
Lake Winnipesaukee
New Hampshire
71 sq mi
184 km2
natural

68
Bull Shoals Lake
Arkansas-Missouri
71 sq mi
184 km2
man-made

69
Walter F. George Lake
Alabama-Georgia
71 sq mi
184 km2
man-made

70
Lake Martin
Alabama
69 sq mi
179 km2
man-made

71
Clear Lake
California
68 sq mi
176 km2
natural

72
Robert S. Kerr Lake
Oklahoma
68 sq mi
176 km2
man-made

73
Seneca Lake
New York
68 sq mi
176 km2
natural

74
Pickwick Lake
Alabama-Mississippi
67 sq mi
174 km2
man-made

75
Table Rock Lake
Arkansas-Missouri
67 sq mi
174 km2
man-made

76
Cayuga Lake
New York
67 sq mi
174 km2
natural

77
Flaming Gorge Reservoir
Utah-Wyoming
66 sq mi
171 km2
man-made

78
Lake Vermilion
Minnesota
63 sq mi
163 km2
natural

79
Lake Ouachita
Arkansas
63 sq mi
163 km2
man-made

80
Lake Mattamuskeet
North Carolina
63 sq mi
163 km2
natural

81
Watts Bar Lake
Tennessee
61 sq mi
158 km2
man-made

82
Lake Wallula
Oregon-Washington
61 sq mi
158 km2
man-made

83
Lake Lanier
Georgia
59 sq mi
153 km2
man-made

84
Lake Seminole
Florida-Georgia
58 sq mi
150 km2
man-made

85
Lake Tawakoni
Texas
57 sq mi
148 km2
man-made

86
Elephant Butte Lake
New Mexico
57 sq mi
148 km2
man-made

87
Chickamauga Lake
Tennessee
57 sq mi
148 km2
man-made

88
Grenada Lake
Mississippi
55 sq mi
142 km2
man-made

89
Lake Kissimmee
Florida
55 sq mi
142 km2
natural

90
Lake Dardanelle
Arkansas
54 sq mi
140 km2
man-made

91
Norris Lake
Tennessee
53 sq mi
137 km2
man-made

92
Canyon Ferry Lake
Montana
53 sq mi
137 km2
man-made

93
Lake Chelan
Washington
52 sq mi
135 km2
natural

94
Cedar Creek Lake
Texas
51 sq mi
132 km2
man-made

95
Lake Norman
North Carolina
51 sq mi
132 km2
man-made

96
Sardis Lake
Mississippi
51 sq mi
132 km2
man-made

97
Walker Lake (Nevada)
Nevada
50 sq mi
129 km2
natural

98
Lake McConaughy
Nebraska
56 sq mi
145 km2
man-made

99
Lake George
New York
56 sq mi
145 km2
natural

100
Beaver Lake
Arkansas
44.06 sq mi
114 km2
man-made

text: Notes[edit]

text:
Jump up ^ One of the Great Lakes; considered the largest lake in the United States by the National Atlas of the United States.
Jump up ^ Although it forms one a single hydrological unit with Lake Michigan (their surfaces are at the same elevation and the water flows in either direction in the channel separating them), they are generally considered distinct lakes, and Lake Michigan is generally considered the largest lake entirely within the United States, as Lake Huron and Lake Superior are binational (shared with Canada).
Jump up ^ One of the Great Lakes.
Jump up ^ One of the Great Lakes.
Jump up ^ One of the Great Lakes.
Jump up ^ If Lake Michigan and Lake Huron are considered the same lake, the largest lake entirely within the United States. Also the largest salt lake in the United States.
Jump up ^ Largest man-made lake (reservoir) by surface area in the United States.
Jump up ^ Largest lake in the South
Jump up ^ Often considered an estuary rather than a lake
Jump up ^ includes both Upper and Lower Red Lake
Jump up ^ highly variable in area
Jump up ^ The area of Devils Lake was taken from the summer 2011 record peak of 1,454.4 ft (443.3 m) MSL. Devils Lake has experienced severe flooding and has risen more than 31 feet (9.4 m) since 1993. Area has increased by 4 times.
Jump up ^ Devils Lake Elevation-Volume Table
Jump up ^ USGS Devils Lake Flood History
Jump up ^ National Weather Service Advanced Hydrologic Prediction Service (NWS AHPS) for Devils Lake at Creel Bay
Jump up ^ Part of St. Lawrence Seaway