document_title: Vento Aureo

question_text: when does part 5 of jojo take place

question_tokens: when does part 5 of jojo take place

text: Vento Aureo

text: Synopsis[edit]

text: Characters[edit]

text:
Giorno Giovanna[b] is the human son of the vampire Dio Brando, and went by the name Haruno Shiobana before moving to Italy. He aspires to overthrow the Passione mafia's boss and turn Passione into an organization that helps the people of Italy. He uses the Stand Gold Experience,[c] which has the ability to imbue things with life.
Bruno Bucciarati[d] is the leader of a gang within Passione. He uses the Stand Sticky Fingers,[e] which can place a zipper on any object, allowing entrance into it. He also appears in the 2012 spin-off one-shot Jolyne, Fly High with Gucci.[6]
Leone Abbacchio[f] is a former police officer, and a member of Bucciarati's gang. He uses the Stand Moody Blues,[g] which can replay past history as a 3D video recording, although doing so leaves it temporarily defenseless. Abbacchio also appears in Jolyne, Fly High with Gucci.[6]
Guido Mista[h] is a member of Bucciarati's gang. He uses a revolver in tandem with his Stand, Sex Pistols,[i] which is composed of six small humanoids who can control the bullets Mista shoots.
Narancia Ghirga[j] is a member of Bucciarati's gang. He uses the airplane-like Stand Aerosmith,[k] which is equipped with machine guns, missiles and a carbon dioxide radar.
Pannacotta Fugo[l] is Bucciarati's right-hand man in the gang. He uses the Stand Purple Haze,[m] which can release a virus that rapidly devours organic matter. Fugo is the main character of the novel Purple Haze Feedback.
Trish Una[n] is the daughter of Passione's boss, and is on the run from rival factions within the mafia. She uses the Stand Spice Girl,[o] which can increase objects' elasticity, making them nearly indestructible.
Diavolo[p] is the boss of Passione, and the father of Trish Una. He suffers from dissociative identity disorder, having a second personality called Vinegar Doppio;[q] his appearance changes depending on which personality is the currently dominant one. He uses the Stand King Crimson,[r] which has the power to negate processes, leaving only their consequences. Activating its power causes a time skip, where everything except Diavolo and King Crimson is changed to be in the state they would have been a few seconds later; for example, a bullet that would have hit Diavolo will suddenly be shifted to be on his other side. Diavolo is able to predict what will happen during the timeskip by using King Crimson's second face, Epitaph;[s] this sub-power can also be used by the Doppio personality to see seconds into the future.

text: Plot[edit]

text: The manga begins in 2001, when the Diamond Is Unbreakable character Koichi Hirose goes to Naples at the request of Jotaro Kujo to find someone known as Haruno Shiobana and get a skin sample of theirs. Shiobana turns out to be a middle school student named Giorno Giovanna—which sounds similar to "Haruno Shiobana"—who is the son of Dio Brando. Giorno attempts to steal Koichi's luggage, but is stopped by Koichi's Stand, Echoes Act Three. Giorno recognized his power as being a Stand power similar to his Gold Experience, a Stand that can give life to inanimate objects. The story then follows Giorno as he tries to become a boss of the mafia in order to make Naples a better place and help its people, specifically where availability of drugs to young people are concerned. After an altercation with gang member Leaky Eye Luka, he attempts to join Passione, an organized crime group that employs many Stand users (essentially, his vision for Passione is akin to Robin Hood's band, in contrast to the sheer powerlust of its current leader). He is approached by a member of Passione, Bruno Bucciarati, who suspects him of killing Luka. During the fight readers are introduced to Buciarati's Stand, Sticky Fingers, that can place and open a zipper on any surface. Bucciarati challenges Giorno to complete the rite to join Passione, and therefore visit the Capo, Polpo, in prison.

text: Giorno is given a lighter by Polpo, with instructions to not let it go out, in order to prove his dedication. When it is accidentally extinguished by a passerby, Polpo's Stand Black Sabbath is activated, which pursues Giorno from the shadows, quite literally. Giorno is able to subdue Black Sabbath with the help of Koichi, passing Polpo's test and joining Passione. He is placed in the group of Bucciarati, who agrees to work with Giorno to take over the mob from within, and put an end to the Passione drug trade. Bucciarati is the superior of the four other members of Giorno's group, fellow Stand users Guido Mista, Leone Abbacchio, Narancia Ghirga, and Pannacotta Fugo. Throughout the span of the story, the group - suspicious of Giorno - soon discover his courage and generosity, and slowly warm to him.

text: After finding Polpo's amassed fortune following his death on the island of Capri, Bucciarati is promoted and his group is assigned a secret mission by the boss himself—escort his teenage daughter, Trish Una, safely to him. With the help of a Stand-using turtle, they fend off various attacks by Stand-using traitors within the mob, determined to overthrow the boss—only by kidnapping Trish can they hope to learn his identity. After traveling to Pompeii and Florence, they arrive in Venice to meet the boss at the Church of San Giorgio Maggiore on San Giorgio Maggiore island. However, while doing so Bucciarati discovers that the boss only wanted Trish brought to him so he could kill her himself—his intent was nothing more than to permanently conceal his identity. He alone tries to kill the Boss, in order for him and Giorno to achieve their goal, but realizes his Stand that can erase time and subsequently predict events is too powerful and decides to retreat. Bucciarati's group, minus Fugo, then join him in betraying the Boss and protect Trish so they can learn his identity. Even after Trish discovers her own Stand ability, they find themselves in the unenviable position of opposing all of the Passione gang in order to protect her.

text: They travel to the boss's hometown of Sardinia, after Trish informs them that that is where her mother met him. There, Giorno and company are contacted by someone who knows the boss's identity, but will only tell them in person. They travel to Rome to meet him, but the boss follows them there as well and kills him first. In Rome, it is revealed that the person who contacted Giorno and company was Jean Pierre Polnareff, a member of the Joestar group in Part 3: Stardust Crusaders. However, just before Jean Pierre Polnareff dies, he uses a Stand Arrow on his own Stand upgrading it to Silver Chariot Requiem, which gives it the ability to control people's spirits. It exchanges everyone's spirit with another, switching their bodies. Now in the turtle's body, Polnareff explains to the group about the Stand arrows and the boss's identity as Diavolo, which he knows having once fought him some years ago. However, as Polnareff is dead, Silver Chariot Requiem is out of control and will not allow anyone to get the arrow. The group and Diavolo, hidden in Mista's body alongside Trish's spirit because of the switch, chase after it. While Diavolo succeeds in defeating it, thanks to Bucciarati's sacrifice Giorno obtains the arrow and succeeds in upgrading his Stand to Gold Experience Requiem to defeat Diavolo. His new power causes Diavolo to continuously experience death over and over. In the last scene, Giorno is seen, with Mista, having men kneel before him, suggesting he becomes the boss of Passione.

text: Chapters[edit]

text:
No.
Title
Japanese release date
Japanese ISBN

47
Goodbye, Morioh Town - The Golden Heart
Sayonara Moriō-chō - Ōgon no Kokoro (さよなら杜王町―黄金の心)
May 10, 1996[7]
ISBN 978-4-08-851897-8

437. "Let Me Remind You" (思い出させてあげる, Omoidasasete Ageru)[t]
438. "Town Guardian Spirits" (町の守護聖霊, Machi no Shugo Seirei)[t]
439. "Goodbye, Morioh Town - The Golden Heart" (さよなら杜王町 - 黄金の心, Sayonara Moriōchō - Ōgon no Kokoro)[t]

440–442. "Gold Experience (1–3)" (黄金体験（ゴールド・エクスペリエンス） その①〜③, Gōrudo Ekusuperiensu Sono 1–3)
443–445. "Bucciarati's Coming (1–3)" (ブチャラティが来る その①〜③, Bucharati ga Kuru Sono 1–3)

48
Gang Star Is My Dream
Boku no Yume wa Gyangu Sutā (ぼくの夢はギャング・スター)
July 4, 1996[8]
ISBN 978-4-08-851898-5

446–447. "Bucciarati's Coming (4–5)" (ブチャラティが来る その④〜⑤, Bucharati ga Kuru Sono 4–5)
448–449. "Meet the Gangster Beyond the Wall (1–2)" (塀の中のギャングに会え その①〜②, Hei no Naka no Gyangu ni Ae Sono 1–2)

450–454. "Gang Enrollment (1–5)" (ギャング入門 その①〜⑤, Gyangu Nyūmon Sono 1–5)

49
Find Polpo's Fortune!
Porupo no Isan o Nerae! (ポルポの遺産を狙え!)
September 4, 1996[9]
ISBN 978-4-08-851899-2

455. "Gang Enrollment (6)" (ギャング入門 その⑥, Gyangu Nyūmon Sono 6)
456. "5 Plus 1" (5（ファイブ）プラス1（ワン）, 5 Purasu 1)
457. "Find Polpo's Fortune!" (ポルポの遺産を狙え!, Porupo no Isan o Nerae!)

458–459. "Mystery of Soft Machine (1–2)" (ソフト・マシーンの謎 その①〜②, Sofuto Mashīn no Nazo Sono 1–2)
460–461. "Moody Blues' Retaliation (1–2)" (ムーディー・ブルースの逆襲 その①〜②, Mūdī Burūsu no Gyakushū Sono 1–2)
462–463. "Enter Sex Pistols (1–2)" (セックス・ピストルズ登場 その①〜②, Sekkusu Pisutoruzu Tōjō Sono 1–2)

50
Operative Bucciarati: The Boss's First Assignment
Bucharati Kanbu: Bosu kara no Daichi Shirei (ブチャラティ幹部:ボスからの第一指令)
November 1, 1996[10]
ISBN 978-4-08-851119-1

464–467. "Enter Sex Pistols (3–6)" (セックス・ピストルズ登場 その③〜⑥, Sekkusu Pisutoruzu Tōjō Sono 3–6)
468. "The Location of the 600 Million Yen" (6億円の隠し場所, 6 Oku En no Kakushi Basho)

469. "Operative Bucciarati: The Boss's First Assignment" (ブチャラティ幹部:ボスからの第一指令, Bucharati Kanbu: Bosu kara no Daichi Shirei)
470–472. "Narancia's Aerosmith (1–3)" (ナランチャのエアロスミス その①〜③, Narancha no Earosumisu Sono 1–3)

51
The Boss's Second Assignment: "Retrieve the Key!"
Bosu kara no Daini Shirei: "Kagi o Getto seyo!" (ボスからの第二指令:「鍵をゲットせよ!」)
February 4, 1997[11]
ISBN 978-4-08-851120-7

473–477. "Narancia's Aerosmith (4–8)" (ナランチャのエアロスミス その④〜⑧, Narancha no Earosumisu Sono 4–8)
478. "The Boss's Second Assignment: 'Retrieve the Key!'" (ボスからの第二指令:「鍵（キー）をゲットせよ!」, Bosu kara no Daini Shirei: 'Kagi o Getto seyo!')

479–481. "Man in the Mirror and Purple Haze (1–3)" (マン・イン・ザ・ミラーとパープル・ヘイズ その①〜③, Man In Za Mirā to Pāpuru Heizu Sono 1–3)

52
The Florence-Bound Express Train
Firentse Iki Chōtokkyū (フィレンツェ行き超特急)
April 4, 1997[12]
ISBN 978-4-08-872039-5

482–485. "Man in the Mirror and Purple Haze (4–7)" (マン・イン・ザ・ミラーとパープル・ヘイズ その④〜⑦, Man In Za Mirā to Pāpuru Heizu Sono 4–7)
486–487. "The Florence-Bound Express Train (1–2)" (フィレンツェ行き超特急 その①〜②, Firentse Iki Chōtokkyū Sono 1–2)

488–490. "The Grateful Dead (1–3)" (偉大なる死（ザ・グレイトフル・デッド） その①〜③, Za Gureitofuru Deddo Sono 1–3)

53
The Grateful Dead
Za Gureitofuru Deddo (偉大なる死（ザ・グレイトフル・デッド）)
June 4, 1997[13]
ISBN 978-4-08-872040-1

491–499. "The Grateful Dead (4–12)" (偉大なる死（ザ・グレイトフル・デッド） その④〜⑫, Za Gureitofuru Deddo Sono 4–12)

54
Gold Experience Strikes Back
Gōrudo Ekusuperiensu no Gyakushū (ゴールド・エクスペリエンスの逆襲)
September 4, 1997[14]
ISBN 978-4-08-872174-3

500–506. "Baby Face (1–7)" (ベイビィ・フェイス その①〜⑦, Beibii Feisu Sono 1–7)
507. "Towards Venice" (ヴェネツィアに向かえ!, Venetsia ni Mukae!)

508. "Venice's Santa Lucia Station - Get the OA-Disc!" (ヴェネツィア・サンタ・ルチア駅 『OA-DISC』をゲットせよ!, Venetsia Santa Ruchia Eki ŌĒ-Disuku o Getto seyo!)

55
The Venice Landing Operation
Venetsia Jōriku Sakusen (ヴェネツィア上陸作戦)
November 4, 1997[15]
ISBN 978-4-08-872175-0

509–515. "White Album (1–7)" (ホワイト・アルバム その①〜⑦, Howaito Arubamu Sono 1–7)
516. "The Boss's Last Orders" (ボスよりの最終指令, Bosu yori no Saishū Shirei)

517. "Bruno Bucciarati's Youth" (ブローノ・ブチャラティ その少年時代, Burōno Bucharati Sono Shōnen Jidai)

56
The 'G' in Guts
"Gattsu no 'Jī'" (ガッツの「G」)
January 9, 1998[16]
ISBN 978-4-08-872501-7

518–523. "The Mystery of King Crimson (1–6)" (キング・クリムゾンの謎 その①〜⑥, Kingu Kurimuzon no Nazo Sono 1–6)
524. "The 'G' in Guts" (ガッツの「G」, Gattsu no 'Jī')

525–526. "Clash and Talking Head (1–2)" (クラッシュとトーキング・ヘッド その①〜②, Kurasshu and Tōkingu Heddo Sono 1–2)

57
No Flightcode! Unearth the Boss's Past
Furaito Kōdo Nashi! Bosu no Kako o Abake (フライト・コードなし!ボスの過去をあばけ)
March 4, 1998[17]
ISBN 978-4-08-872526-0

527–531. "Clash and Talking Head (3–7)" (クラッシュとトーキング・ヘッド その③〜⑦, Kurasshu and Tōkingu Heddo Sono 3–7)
532. "No Flightcode! Headed for Sardinia!" (フライト・コードなし! サルディニアへ向かえ, Furaito Kōdo Nashi! Sarudinia e Mukae)

533–535. "Notorious B.I.G (1–3)" (ノトーリアス・B・I・G（ビッグ） その①〜③, Notōriasu B.I.G Sono 1–3)

58
My Name Is Doppio
Boku no Na wa Doppio (ぼくの名はドッピオ)
June 4, 1998[18]
ISBN 978-4-08-872562-8

536–538. "Notorious B.I.G (4–6)" (ノトーリアス・B・I・G（ビッグ） その④〜⑥, Notōriasu B.I.G Sono 4–6)
539–540. "Spice Girl (1–2)" (スパイス・ガール その①〜②, Supaisu Gāru Sono 1–2)
541. "Storm Warning in Sardina Island!" (サルディニア島嵐警報!, Sarudinia-tō Arashi Keihō!)

542–543. "My Name Is Doppio (1–2)" (ぼくの名はドッピオ その①〜②, Boku no Na wa Doppio Sono 1–2)
544. "King Crimson vs. Metallica" (キング・クリムゾンv.s.（バーサス）メタリカ, Kingu Kurimuzon Bāsasu Metarika)

59
Beneath a Sky Seemingly About to Fall
Ima ni mo Ochite Kisō na Sora no Shita de (今にも落ちて来そうな空の下で)
August 4, 1998[19]
ISBN 978-4-08-872588-8

545–549. "King Crimson vs. Metallica (2–6)" (キング・クリムゾンv.s.（バーサス）メタリカ その②〜⑥, Kingu Kurimuzon Bāsasu Metarika Sono 2–6)
550. "Beneath a Sky Seemingly About to Fall" (今にも落ちて来そうな空の下で, Ima ni mo Ochite Kisō na Sora no Shita de)

551–552. "Pronto! On the Line (1–2)" (プロント（もしもし）! 通話中 その①〜②, Puronto! Tsūwachū Sono 1–2)
553. "Destination: Rome! The Colosseum" (目的地はローマ! コロッセオ, Mokutekichi wa Rōma! Korosseo)

60
Meet the Man in the Colosseum!
Korosseo no Otoko ni Ae! (コロッセオの男に会え!)
October 2, 1998[20]
ISBN 978-4-08-872613-7

554–562. "Green Day and Oasis (1–9)" (『グリーン・ディ』と『オアシス』 その①〜⑨, Gurīn Di to Oashisu Sono 1–9)

61
They Called Him Diavolo
Soitsu no Na wa Diaboro (そいつの名はディアボロ)
January 8, 1999[21]
ISBN 978-4-08-872652-6

563–567. "Green Day and Oasis (10–14)" (『グリーン・ディ』と『オアシス』 その⑩〜⑭, Gurīn Di to Oashisu Sono 10–14)
568. "They Called Him Diavolo (1)" (そいつの名はディアボロ その①, Soitsu no Na wa Diaboro Sono 1)
569. "A Brief Flashback" (ほんの少し昔の物語, Honno Sukoshi Mukashi no Monogatari)

570. "They Called Him Diavolo (2)" (そいつの名はディアボロ その②, Soitsu no Na wa Diaboro Sono 2)
571. "Before the Arrow" (「矢」のさらに先に存在（ある）もの, Ya no Sara ni Saki ni Aru Mono)

62
The Requiem Plays Quietly
Rekuiemu wa Shizuka ni Kanaderareru (鎮魂歌（レクイエム）は静かに奏でられる)
March 4, 1999[22]
ISBN 978-4-08-872680-9

572–579. "The Requiem Plays Quietly (1–8)" (鎮魂歌（レクイエム）は静かに奏でられる その①〜⑧, Rekuiemu wa Shizuka ni Kanaderareru Sono 1–8)

580–582. "Diavolo Rising (1–3)" (ディアボロ浮上 その①〜③, Diaboro Fujō Sono 1–3)

63
Sleeping Slaves
Nemureru Dorei (眠れる奴隷)
April 30, 1999[23]
ISBN 978-4-08-872709-7

583–584. "Diavolo Rising (4–5)" (ディアボロ浮上 その④〜⑤, Diaboro Fujō Sono 4–5)
585. "King of Kings" (王の中の王（キング・オブ・キングス）, Kingu Obu Kingusu)
586–589. "Gold Experience Requiem (1–4)" (ゴールド・E（エクスペリエンス）・レクイエム その①〜④, Gōrudo Ekusuperiensu Rekuiemu Sono 1–4)[u]

590. "Epilogue: Sleeping Slaves" (エピローグ 「眠れる奴隷」, Epirōgu Nemureru Dorei)[u]
591–594. "Sleeping Slaves (2–5)" (眠れる奴隷 その②〜⑤, Nemureru Dorei Sono 2–5)

text: Related media[edit]

text: The novel Le Bizzarre Avventure di GioGio II: Golden Heart/Golden Ring[v] was written by Gichi Ōtsuka and Miya Shōtarō, and released on May 28, 2001. An Italian translation was released in 2004.[24] A second novel, Purple Haze Feedback,[w] was written by Kouhei Kadono and released on September 16, 2011.[25][26] The PlayStation 2 video game GioGio's Bizarre Adventure was released in Japan in 2002, adapting the arc.

text: Notes[edit]

text:
Jump up ^ JoJo's Bizarre Adventure Part 5 Giorno Giovanna: Golden Heritage (ジョジョの奇妙な冒険 第5部 ジョルノ・ジョバァーナ【黄金なる遺産】, JoJo no Kimyō na Bōken Dai Go Bu Joruno Jobāna [Ōgon naru Isan])
Jump up ^ Giorno Giovanna (ジョルノ・ジョバァーナ, Joruno Jobāna, alternatively "Giorno Giovana")
Jump up ^ Gold Experience (ゴールド・エクスペリエンス, Gōrudo Ekusuperiensu)
Jump up ^ Bruno Bucciarati (ブローノ・ブチャラティ, Burōno Bucharati). The romanization of Burōno Bucharati has changed multiple times since first appearing in print, with "Bruno Bucciarati"[3] and "Blono Buccellati"[4] both being used in official merchandise. "Bruno Bucciarati" is the most recent usage on such merchandise, and is used here.[5]
Jump up ^ Sticky Fingers (スティッキィ・フィンガーズ, Sutikkī Fingāzu)
Jump up ^ Leone Abbacchio (レオーネ・アバッキオ, Reōne Abakkio)
Jump up ^ Moody Blues (ムーディー・ブルース, Mūdī Burūsu)
Jump up ^ Guido Mista (グイード・ミスタ, Guīdo Misuta)
Jump up ^ Sex Pistols (セックス・ピストルズ, Sekkusu Pisutoruzu)
Jump up ^ Narancia Ghirga (ナランチャ・ギルガ, Narancha Giruga)
Jump up ^ Aerosmith (エアロスミス, Earosumisu)
Jump up ^ Pannacotta Fugo (パンナコッタ・フーゴ, Pannakotta Fūgo)
Jump up ^ Purple Haze (パープル・ヘイズ, Pāpuru Heizu)
Jump up ^ Trish Una (トリッシュ・ウナ, Torisshu Una)
Jump up ^ Spice Girl (スパイス・ガール, Supaisu Gāru)
Jump up ^ Diavolo (ディアボロ, Diaboro)
Jump up ^ Vinegar Doppio (ヴィネガー・ドッピオ, Vinegā Doppio)
Jump up ^ King Crimson (キング・クリムゾン, Kingu Kurimuzon)
Jump up ^ Epitaph (エピタフ, Epitafu)
^ Jump up to: a b c Chapters 437, 438, and 439 are part of Diamond Is Unbreakable.
^ Jump up to: a b Chapters 589 and 590 were released as one chapter in Weekly Shōnen Jump.
Jump up ^ Le Bizzarre Avventure di GioGio II: Golden Heart/Golden Ring (ジョジョの奇妙な冒険 II ゴールデンハート/ゴールデンリング)
Jump up ^ Purple Haze Feedback (恥知らずのパープルヘイズ -ジョジョの奇妙な冒険より-, Hajishirazu Pāpuru Heizu -JoJo no Kimyō na Bōken yori-, literally "Shameless Purple Haze")


document_title: -ase

question_text: suffix applied to the end of the name of enzymes

root

text: -ase

text: This article does not cite any sources. Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. (August 2009) (Learn how and when to remove this template message)

tag: table

text: Look up -ase in Wiktionary, the free dictionary.

text: The suffix -ase is used in biochemistry to form names of enzymes. The most common way to name enzymes is to add this suffix onto the end of the substrate, e.g. an enzyme that breaks down peroxides may be called peroxidase; the enzyme that produces telomeres is called telomerase. Sometimes enzymes are named for the function they perform, rather than substrate, e.g. the enzyme that polymerizes (assembles) DNA into strands is called polymerase; see also reverse transcriptase.

tag: p

text: The commonly used -ase suffix for naming enzymes was derived from the name diastase.


document_title: Dawn of the Planet of the Apes

question_text: who plays caesar planet of the apes 2014

text: Dawn of the Planet of the Apes

text: Plot[edit]

text: Ten years after the pandemic of the deadly ALZ-113 virus, later called Simian Flu, the worldwide human population was drastically reduced, with only about one in five hundred genetically immune to the virus. Meanwhile, the apes, under the chimpanzee Caesar, all bestowed with genetically enhanced intelligence by the virus, have long established a colony in the Muir Woods near San Francisco.

text: One day, a group of humans led by a man named Malcolm enter the apes' territory from San Francisco in search of a hydroelectric dam that would restore power to the city. An encounter by Caesar's son Blue Eyes and his friend Ash leads to the latter's injury by a man named Carver. Malcolm manages to prevent further escalation while Caesar orders the humans to leave. Prompted by Koba, a scarred bonobo who holds a grudge against humans for his mistreatment as a test subject, Caesar brings his army to the humans' community at an unfinished tower as a display of strength. Caesar announces his intent to fight the humans if forced to while demanding the humans to stay in their territory. Malcolm convinces his fellow leader Dreyfus to give him time to take a small team to the forest and reconcile with the apes so they can access the dam. He meets with Caesar, who allows them to work on the generator on the condition that they surrender their guns. As Malcolm, his wife Ellie, and son Alexander work, they bond with the apes. The fragile bonding is greatly helped when Ellie, a nurse, effectively treats Cornelia's illness.

text: Meanwhile, Dreyfus arms his community using the Fort Point armory. Koba discovers the armory and confronts Caesar of this, but accuses him of loving humans more than apes. Caesar beats Koba in response but refrains from killing him. Koba later returns to the armory and takes an assault rifle, killing two guards and then Carver as the humans succeed in repairing the generator and restoring power to the city. Koba takes advantage of their celebration to covertly set fire to the apes' home. He then shoots Caesar, who falls into the underbrush below, and frames the humans for Caesar's apparent death in order to wage war. Koba quickly takes command and leads the apes into San Francisco, where they plunder the armory and mount an assault on the tower. The apes breach the building and imprison the humans as Dreyfus flees underground. When Ash refuses Koba's orders to kill unarmed humans, citing Caesar's teachings, Koba throws the ape to his death and has any other ape loyal to Caesar imprisoned.

text: Malcolm's family finds Caesar barely alive and transports him to his former house in San Francisco. Caesar reveals that Koba shot him and confesses that apes can be as corrupt and violent as humans. When Malcolm sneaks into the settlement to find medical supplies for Caesar, he encounters Blue Eyes, who spares him before learning that his father is still alive and that it was Koba who shot him, not the humans. After reconciling with Caesar, Blue Eyes returns to the tower and frees the imprisoned humans and apes. Malcolm escorts the apes into the tower, and then finds Dreyfus. He learns that the return of electricity allowed Dreyfus' men to make radio contact with survivors at a military base, who are now coming to fight the apes. Caesar confronts Koba at the top of the tower; as they fight, Dreyfus detonates C-4 charges that destabilize the tower in a failed attempt to kill the apes, at the cost of his own life. Koba starts shooting at the apes, but Caesar tackles him off a ledge. While clinging on a metal girder, Koba is rejected as an ape by Caesar and dropped to his death.

text: Malcolm and Caesar acknowledge their friendship, with Malcolm warning of the approaching human military. Caesar responds that the humans will never forgive the apes for their attack and convinces Malcolm to leave with his family. He then stands before a kneeling mass of apes, preparing for war.

text: Cast[edit]

text: Apes[edit]

text:
Andy Serkis as Caesar, a common chimpanzee and the leader of the evolved ape tribe
Toby Kebbell as Koba, a scarred bonobo and Caesar's treacherous lieutenant; previously played by Christopher Gordon in Rise
Judy Greer as Cornelia, a common chimpanzee and Caesar's wife, mother of Blue Eyes and a newborn son; previously played by Devyn Dalton in Rise
Terry Notary as Rocket, a common chimpanzee and Caesar's former rival and enemy turned friend
Karin Konoval as Maurice, a Bornean orangutan and Caesar's friend and advisor
Nick Thurston as Blue Eyes, a common chimpanzee and Caesar and Cornelia's first son
Doc Shaw as Ash, a common chimpanzee, son of Rocket, also Blue Eyes' best friend
Lee Ross as Grey, a common chimpanzee and a follower of Koba, who perishes during Koba's attack on the human city.
Richard King as Stone, a common chimpanzee and a follower of Koba, who after Koba's death, goes on to follow Caesar.

tag: ul

text: Humans[edit]

text:
Jason Clarke as Malcolm, the leader of the small group that forms a strong bond with Caesar and the other apes
Gary Oldman as Dreyfus, the leader of the remaining human survivors
Keri Russell as Ellie, a former nurse at the CDC, and Malcolm's wife
Kodi Smit-McPhee as Alexander, Malcolm's son from a previous marriage
Kirk Acevedo as Carver, a former San Francisco water worker and a member of Malcolm's group. He is killed by Koba as part of a plot to usurp Caesar's position.
Jocko Sims as Werner, the colony's radio operator
Enrique Murciano as Kemp, a member of Malcolm's group
Keir O'Donnell as Finney, an ally of Dreyfus
Lombardo Boyar as Terry, a guard at the colony's armory
Kevin Rankin as McVeigh, a guard at the colony's armory
Jon Eyez as Foster, a member of Malcolm's group
James Franco (uncredited) as Will Rodman from Rise of the Planet of the Apes, in a cameo via a video from Caesar's childhood

text: Production[edit]

text: Development[edit]

text: After the release of Rise of the Planet of the Apes, director Rupert Wyatt commented on possible sequels: "I think we're ending with certain questions, which is quite exciting. To me, I can think of all sorts of sequels to this film, but this is just the beginning."[8] Screenwriter and producer Rick Jaffa also stated that Rise featured several clues as to future sequels: "I hope that we're building a platform for future films. We're trying to plant a lot of the seeds for a lot of the things you are talking about in terms of the different apes and so forth."[9]

text: In an interview recorded after the release of Rise, Wyatt stated, "We want to grow and evolve, in the films that will [hopefully] come after this, to the '68 original."[10] Wyatt also stated that he wants it to take place eight years after Rise, as a whole new ape generation can be born, and explore the dynamics of Caesar and Koba's relationship.[11] According to screenwriter Rick Jaffa, a version of the spaceship from the 1968 Planet of the Apes under the name Icarus was in Rise as a deliberate hint to a possible sequel.[12]

text: In November 2011, Andy Serkis was the first to be announced as having closed a deal for a sequel to Rise. It was reported to be a "healthy seven-figure deal" for him to reprise his role as Caesar, the ape leader.[13] On May 15, 2012, it was announced Scott Z. Burns had been hired to do rewrites on the original screenplay by Rise writers Rick Jaffa and Amanda Silver.[14] On May 31, 2012, 20th Century Fox announced that the sequel would be titled Dawn of the Planet of the Apes.[15]

text: On September 17, 2012, there were reports that director Wyatt was considering leaving the sequel due to his concern that a May 2014 release date would not give him enough time to make the film properly.[16] On October 1, Cloverfield director Matt Reeves was confirmed as his replacement.[17] Reeves had been working on developing a new Twilight Zone film.[18] On October 18, Mark Bomback, writer of Live Free or Die Hard, was reported to be doing a re-write for Reeves.[19]

text: Casting[edit]

text: In December 2012, after the departure of director Wyatt, James Franco speculated that he would not be returning for the sequel, saying, "Now Rupert's not a part of it so I don't know. My guess is I won't be in it. Nobody's talked to me since Rupert left."[20] Later, Matt Reeves revealed that Franco would be seen in a cameo in the film.[21][22] Freida Pinto, who played primatologist Caroline Aranha in Rise, confirmed that she would not be returning for Dawn.[23] In April 2014, when asked by IGN about the fate of Franco and Pinto's characters, producer Dylan Clark said, "I mean, they’re the ones that died...They were ground zero of the virus."[24]

text: In February 2013, actors Gary Oldman, Jason Clarke, and Kodi Smit-McPhee were cast in lead roles for the sequel, set ten years after the events from the first film.[25][26] In March 2013, actress Keri Russell was cast in a role.[27] That same month, Judy Greer was cast as Cornelia, a female chimp and love interest for Caesar.[28] Toby Kebbell, Enrique Murciano and Kirk Acevedo joined the cast during filming.[citation needed] On May 15, 2013, Jocko Sims was cast in a supporting role of military operative Werner.[29]

text: Filming[edit]

text: Filming began in April 2013 around the town of Campbell River, British Columbia.[30] The location of Vancouver Island was chosen for its similarity to the locations depicted in the film, the forests, and the variety of landscapes.[31] Filming in New Orleans started in May 2013 and continued in July 2013 at various locations such as the former Six Flags park Six Flags New Orleans.[32]

text: Visual effects[edit]

text: Like Rise, visual effects for Dawn were done by Weta Digital. In addition to the apes, Weta created other digital animals, such as a herd of elk, a grizzly bear, and CG doubles of the live horses. The elk were created using key-frame animation and the digital crowd enhancement software MASSIVE, the bear through key-frame animation, and the horses with a mixture of key-frame animation and motion capture.

text: Soundtrack[edit]

text:
Dawn of the Planet of the ApesSoundtrack album by Michael GiacchinoReleased
August 12, 2014Recorded
2014Genre
Film scoreLength
77:21Label
Sony MasterworksMichael Giacchino film scores chronology

Star Trek Into Darkness(2013)

Dawn of the Planet of the Apes(2014)

This Is Where I Leave You(2014)

text: The film's score was composed by Michael Giacchino. The soundtrack was released by Sony Masterworks on July 8, 2014.[33]

text: Track listing[edit]

text: All music composed by Michael Giacchino.

text:
No.TitleLength1."Level Plaguing Field"2:212."Look Who’s Stalking"2:353."The Great Ape Processional"4:344."Past Their Primates"1:575."Close Encounters of the Furred Kind"4:386."Monkey to the City"1:167."The Lost City of Chimpanzee"3:468."Along Simian Lines"5:049."Caesar No Evil, Hear No Evil"2:2710."Monkey See, Monkey Coup"5:1211."Gorilla Warfare"7:3712."The Apes of Wrath"4:2813."Gibbon Take"2:5514."Aped Crusaders"3:2615."How Bonobo Can You Go"5:4216."Enough Monkeying Around"3:3517."Primates for Life"5:4218."Planet of the End Credits"8:5619."Ain’t That a Stinger
(Written By Griffin Giacchino)"1:10

text: Release[edit]

text: On May 31, 2012, Fox announced that Dawn of the Planet of the Apes was scheduled for release on May 23, 2014.[15] It was announced on June 20, 2013 that the release date for Dawn was being pushed back two months to July 18, 2014.[34] On December 10, 2013, the film was pushed up one week to July 11, 2014.[35] The film premiered at the Palace of Fine Arts in San Francisco, California on June 26, 2014.[36] The film closed the 36th Moscow International Film Festival on June 28.[37]

text: In Hungary, the largest cinema chain called Cinema City could not agree with the film's distributor, InterCom, and as a result it opened on July 17, 2014 on 45 screens, significantly fewer than similar big-budget productions.[38] However, the film still managed to top the weekend box office chart of the country beating Transformers: Age of Extinction, which had been leading the chart for three weeks (on 105 screens distributed by UIP Duna).[39]

text: Marketing[edit]

text: A viral marketing campaign for the film launched in July 2013 included a "simian flu" website[40] and mock PSA videos.[41] 20th Century Fox and Vice Media's Motherboard released three short films online in July 2014 which document the ten-year gap between the events of Rise of the Planet of the Apes and Dawn of the Planet of the Apes.[42] A novel titled Dawn of the Planet of the Apes: Firestorm which is also set between the events of the first two films was published in May 2014 by Titan Books.[43] A partnership with 20th Century Fox and Ndemic Creations saw mobile/PC game Plague Inc. get a Dawn of the Planet of the Apes-themed update on July 10, 2014. It allows players to create and customize a simian flu virus to infect the world and eradicate humanity whilst helping apes survive.[44]

text: Reception[edit]

text: Box office[edit]

text: Dawn of the Planet of the Apes was a success at the box office with many critics calling it "the summer’s best popcorn film",[45] and Deadline.com commented saying it is "a franchise that will keep going and going, unless they screw it up".[46] The film grossed $208,545,589 in the USA & Canada, and $500,290,000 in other countries, for a worldwide total of $708,835,589.[6] Calculating in all expenses and revenues, Deadline.com estimated that the film made a net profit of $182.18 million.[47] It had a worldwide opening of $103.3 million which was the 11th-highest of 2014.[48] Worldwide it is the highest-grossing film in the Planet of the Apes franchise[49] and the eighth-highest-grossing film of 2014.[50]

text: In the United States and Canada, the film is the highest-grossing film in the Planet of the Apes franchise, unadjusted for inflation[49] and the eighth-highest-grossing film of 2014.[51] It opened on July 11, 2014 across 3,967 theaters and topped the box office on its opening day earning $27.7 million (including previews).[52] During its traditional three-opening, the film debuted at number one earning $72.6 million, which was 33% higher than its predecessor. Box Office Mojo pointed out that the film's good word of mouth as well as its predecessors', its darker tone, attachment of new characters and the  first film's way of ending were all  determining factors in the film's strong opening.[53] It remained at the summit for two consecutive weekends in North America despite facing competition with The Purge: Anarchy in its second week.[54][55]

text: Dawn of the Planet of the Apes earned $31.3 million during its opening weekend internationally from 4,913 screens in 26 markets where it opened at No. 1 in 14 of those. International opening weekend tallies of more than $5 million were witnessed in the UK ($14.88 million), Mexico ($12.94 million), South Korea ($11.5 million), Russia ($9.99 million), Brazil with ($9.2 million) and Australia ($6.6 million).[56][57] The film topped the box office outside North America for two non-consecutive weekends.[57][58]

text: The film became a massive financial success in China where it opened with $47 million on its opening weekend there. The robust debut helped the film top the international charts for the first time dethroning Guardians of the Galaxy and aided the film in passing $400 million internationally and $600 million globally.[59] Fox reported that the sequel's debut in China was one of the best in history for a Western title, save for Iron Man 3, Transformers: Revenge of the Fallen and Transformers: Age of Extinction at that time.[60] After playing for a month in theaters, it passed $100 million on its fourth weekend and became the fourth Hollywood film of the year to achieve such a milestone.[61] In total, it went on to make $107.4 million there, of which the studio received $26.8 million profit.[46]

text: Critical response[edit]

text: Dawn of the Planet of the Apes received critical acclaim upon release.[62][63][64] On review aggregator site Rotten Tomatoes, it holds a score of 90% based on 287 reviews with a rating average of 7.9/10. The website's consensus reads: "With intelligence and emotional resonance to match its stunning special effects, Dawn of the Planet of the Apes expands on its predecessor with an exciting and ambitious burst of sci-fi achievement."[65] On review aggregator Metacritic, which assigns a weighted average, the film has a "generally favorable" rating score of 79 out of 100 based on 48 reviews.[66]

text: Guy Lodge of Variety said, "An altogether smashing sequel to 2011's better-than-expected Rise of the Planet of the Apes, this vivid, violent extension of humanoid ape Caesar's troubled quest for independence bests its predecessor in nearly every technical and conceptual department, with incoming helmer Matt Reeves conducting the proceedings with more assertive genre elan than Rise journeyman Rupert Wyatt."[67] Todd McCarthy of The Hollywood Reporter stated that the film "manages to do at least three things exceptionally well that are hard enough to pull off individually: Maintain a simmering level of tension without let-up for two hours, seriously improve on a very good first entry in a franchise and produce a powerful humanistic statement using a significantly simian cast of characters. In the annals of sequels, Dawn is to Rise of the Planet of the Apes what The Empire Strikes Back was to Star Wars—it's that much better."[68] Tim Robey of The Daily Telegraph said, "There's evident patience and intelligence to the filmmaking all over, as well as an engagement with genuine ideas about diplomacy, deterrence, law and leadership. However often it risks monkey-mad silliness, it's impressively un-stupid."[69] Drew McWeeny of HitFix awarded the film an "A+" grade and said "Dawn is not just a good genre movie or a good summer movie. It's a great science-fiction film, full-stop, and one of the year's very best movies so far."[70]

text: Ty Burr of the Boston Globe wrote that "in bearing, speech, and agonized expressiveness, Serkis's Caesar conveys the conflicts of a king with almost Shakespearean grandeur."[71] A.O. Scott of The New York Times praised the film for being able to balance out the action sequences and special effects with strong storytelling, writing that "Dawn is more than a bunch of occasionally thrilling action sequences, emotional gut punches and throwaway jokes arranged in predictable sequence. It is technically impressive and viscerally exciting, for sure, but it also gives you a lot to think, and even to care, about."[72]

text: Less favorable reviews included Andrew O'Hehir at Salon.com who wrote, "Here's a rule that has gradually become clear to me: Any film that begins with one of those fake-news montages, where snippets of genuine CNN footage are stitched together to concoct a feeling of semi-urgency around its hackneyed apocalypse, already sucks even before it gets started. This one makes a dutiful attempt to struggle back from that suckage, but it all ends in yelling."[73]

text: Home media[edit]

text: Dawn of the Planet of the Apes was released by 20th Century Fox Home Entertainment on Blu-ray 3D, Blu-ray, and DVD on December 2, 2014.[74] According to Nielsen VideoScan, it subsequently became the best-selling home video release for the week.[75]

text: Accolades[edit]

text: Third film[edit]

text: After seeing his cut of Dawn, 20th Century Fox and Chernin Entertainment signed Matt Reeves to return as director for a third installment of the reboot series. On January 6, 2014, Fox announced Reeves to direct as well as co-write along with Bomback, with a planned July 2016 release. Peter Chernin, Rick Jaffa and Amanda Silver will produce.[76] In January 2015, Fox delayed the release to July 14, 2017.[77][78] On May 14, 2015, the title was given as War of the Planet of the Apes.[79] In August 2015, Deadline reported that Gabriel Chavarria was cast as one of the humans in the film.[80] In September 2015, The Hollywood Reporter announced that Woody Harrelson had been cast as the film's antagonist, and that Chavarria's role was small.[81] In October 2015, The Wrap reported that Steve Zahn was cast as a new ape in the film, retitled as War for the Planet of the Apes.[82]


document_title: List of people from Kolkata

question_text: nobel laureate who began career as accountant in calcutta

text: List of people from Kolkata

text: Writers in Bengali[edit]

text:
Nabarun Bhattacharya
Aroup Chatterjee (born 1958) – British Indian atheist physician, author of Mother Teresa: The Untold Story

text: Poets (in order of surname)[edit]

text:
Suchitra Bhattacharya
Sukanta Bhattacharya
Buddhadev Bose
Amiya Chakravarty
Shakti Chattopadhyay
Upendrakishore Ray Chowdhury
Dinesh Das
Jibanananda Das
Bishnu Dey
Satyendranath Dutta
Sudhindranath Dutta
Sunil Gangopadhyay
Joy Goswami
Kaji Nazrul Islam
Binoy Majumdar
Mohitolal Majumdar
Arun Mitra
Premendra Mitra
Subhas Mukhopadhyay
Purnendu Patri
Annada Shankar Ray
Dwijendralal Ray
Tarapada Ray
Sukumar Ray
Samar Sen
Rabindranath Tagore, Nobel Laureate
Srijato
Jaydeep Sarangi English poet (also writes in Bangla) with six collections

text: Critics, philosophers (in order of surname)[edit]

text:
Syed Mujtaba Ali
S. Wajid Ali
Sharadindu Bandyopadhyay
Samik Bandyopadhyay
Bankim Chandra Chattopadhyay
Sarat Chandra Chattopadhyay
Nirad C. Chaudhuri
Pramath Chowdhury
Kedarnath Datta
Michael Madhusudan Dutt
Kazi Nazrul Islam
Shishir Kumar Maitra
Dinabandhu Mitra
Dhan Gopal Mukerji
A.C. Bhaktivedanta Swami Prabhupada
Rajendra Prasad
Bhaktisiddhanta Sarasvati
Gayatri Chakravorty Spivak
Bhaktivinoda Thakur
Swami Vivekananda

text: Linguists[edit]

text:
James Atkinson
Brajendranath De
Suniti Kumar Chattopadhyay

text: Historians[edit]

text:
Barun De
R.C. Majumdar
P. J. Marshall
Rajat Kanta Ray
Tapan Raychaudhuri
Sir Jadunath Sarkar
Sumit Sarkar
Susobhan Sarkar

text: Reformers[edit]

text:
Laksmikanta Roy Choudhury
Raja Ram Mohun Roy
Mother Teresa
Keshab Chandra Sen
Henry Louis Vivian Derozio
David Hare
Alexander Duff
Ishwar Chandra Vidyasagar
William Carey
Moti Lal Seal

text: Scientists (in order of surname)[edit]

text:
Sir Jagadish Chandra Bose
Debendra Mohan Bose
Satyendra Nath Bose
Anil Kumar Gain
J.B.S. Haldane
Prasanta Chandra Mahalanobis
Subhash Mukhopadhyay
Sisir Kumar Mitra
Amal Kumar Raychaudhuri
Acharya Prafulla Chandra Roy
Meghnad Saha
Ashoke Sen

text: Nobel laureates[edit]

text: Five Nobel Prize winners have been associated with Kolkata:

text:
Sir Ronald Ross (1902, Medicine)
Rabindranath Tagore (1913, Literature; first Asian to win the Nobel Prize)
C V Raman (1930, Physics)
Mother Teresa (1979, Peace)
Amartya Sen (1998, Economics)

text: Business people[edit]

text:
Aditya Vikram Birla
Rama Prasad Goenka (RPG Group)
Lakshmi Mittal
Purnendu Chatterjee
Sanjiv Goenka
Radhe Shyam Agarwal
Radhe Shyam Goenka

text: Freedom fighters[edit]

text:
Sri Aurobindo
Benoy Basu
Khudiram Bose
Rash Behari Bose
Subhas Chandra Bose
Jogesh Chandra Chattopadhyay
Chittaranjan Das
Jatindra Nath Das
Bagha Jatin
Badal Gupta
Dinesh Gupta
Shyama Prasad Mukherjee
Bipin Chandra Pal
Sudhamoy Pramanick
Bidhan Chandra Roy
Ashoke Kumar Sen
Matangini Hazra

text: Ramon Magsaysay Award winners[edit]

text: The Ramon Magsaysay Award, sometimes called "Asia's Nobel Prize", is given "to perpetuate his example of integrity in government, courageous service to the people, and pragmatic idealism within a democratic society." Kolkata winners include:

text:
Satyajit Ray
Mahasweta Devi
Samaresh Majumdar
Mother Teresa
Gour Kishore Ghosh

text: Performing arts[edit]

text: Artists[edit]

text:
Gerry Judah
Jamini Roy
Sudip Roy
Paritosh Sen
Paresh Maity
Anil Kumar Dutta
Jogen Chowdhury
Samir Roychoudhury
Shanu Lahiri[2]
Ganesh Pyne
Devajyoti Ray

text: Cinema[edit]

text:
Satyajit Ray, who won the Oscar for Lifetime Achievement in 1992, lived in Kolkata and is considered among the four greatest directors of film history. Other notable filmmakers from Kolkata include:
Nitin Bose
Buddhadeb Dasgupta
Anik Dutta
Kaushik Ganguly
Ritwik Ghatak
Gautam Ghose
Rituparno Ghosh
Hrishikesh Mukherjee
Srijit Mukherji
Arin Paul
Aniruddha Roy Chowdhury
Tapan Sinha
Aparna Sen
Mrinal Sen
Manick Sorcar

text:
Uttam Kumar
Utpal Dutt
Soumitra Chatterjee
Dhritiman Chaterji
Tapen Chatterjee
Rabi Ghosh
Barun Chanda
Arun Mukherjee
Pahari Sanyal
N. Viswanathan
Chhabi Biswas
Karuna Bannerjee
Anil Chatterjee
Subir Banerjee
Uma Dasgupta
Saswata Chatterjee
Tarun Kumar
Anup Kumar
Ashok Kumar
Bhanu Bandopadhyay
Biswajit Chatterjee
Prosenjit Chatterjee
Jahor Roy
Kanan Devi
Razzak
Dev
Jeet
Ruma Guha Thakurta
Ranjit Mallick
Mirza Abbas Ali
Suchitra Sen
Moonmoon Sen
Riya Sen
Raima Sen
Reemma Sen
Omar Sani
Victor Banerjee
Parambrata Chatterjee
Konkona Sen Sharma
Varsha Ashwathi

text: Photography[edit]

text:
Indrani Pal-Chaudhuri
Benu Sen
Sunil Das

text: Theatre[edit]

text:
Badal Sircar (dramatist)
Rudraprasad Sengupta (actor and director)
Sambhu Mitra (actor and director)

text:
Nandikar
Bohurupi

text: Music[edit]

text:
Kabir Suman
Salil Chowdhury
Rahul Dev Burman
Sachin Dev Burman
Bappi Lahiri
Shantanu Moitra
Pritam

text:
Ustad Allauddin Khan
Ustad Ali Akbar Khan
Pandit Ravi Shankar
Ananda Shankar
Ustad Vilayat Khan
Pandit Jasraj
Ustad Bade Ghulam Ali Khan
Pandit Bhimsen Joshi
Rashid Khan
Naina Devi (1917-1993)[3]
Pandit Nikhil Banerjee
Ustad Amjad Ali Khan
Ustad Bahadur Khan
Pandit Ajoy Chakraborty
Anjan Chattopadhyay

text:
Dwijendra Lal Roy
K. C. Dey
Gauhar Jan
Pankaj Mullick
Kanan Devi
Kanika Bandyopadhyay
Suchitra Mitra
Hemanta Kumar Mukhopadhyay
Manabendra Mukhopadhyay
Manna Dey
Kishore Kumar
Sandhya Mukhopadhyay
Debabrata Biswas
Begum Akhtar
Usha Uthup
Ruma Guha Thakurta
Swagatalakshmi Dasgupta
Suman Chatterjee
Sachin Dev Burman
Anjan Dutt
Rupam Islam
Prashant Tamang
Shayan Chowdhury Arnob

text:
Calcutta Youth Choir
IPTA

text:
Moheener Ghoraguli
Bhoomi
Prithibi
Chandrabindoo
Fossils
Insomnia
Krosswindz
Bandage
Cactus

text:
Kumar Sanu
Alka Yagnik
Abhijeet Bhattacharya
Babul Supriyo
Pritam
Shreya Ghoshal
Shaan
Arijit Singh
Monali Thakur

text: Dance[edit]

text: Prominent dancers of the city include:

text:
Uday Shankar and his wife Amala Shankar
Mamata Shankar
Tanushree Shankar
Ananda Shankar
Sadhana Bose
Sharmila Biswas[4]
Rani Karnaa

text: Magic[edit]

text: Kolkata is the magic capital of India and has produced internationally famous magicians and performers, including:

text:
P.C. Sorcar
P.C. Sorcar, Jr.
P.C. Sorcar, Young

text: Sports[edit]

text: Summer Olympic medallists[edit]

text:
Norman Pritchard, track and field, 1900
Richard James Allen, hockey, 1928, 1932, 1936
Leslie Claudius, hockey, 1924, 1928, 1936
Gurbux Singh, hockey, 1964, 1968
Vece Paes, hockey, 1980
Leander Adrian Paes, tennis, 1996

text: Other sportspersons[edit]

text:
Sourav Ganguly, cricketer, former India national cricket team's captain
Chhanda Gayen, mountaineer, first Bengali woman to summit Mount Everest
Pankaj Roy, cricketer
Ashok Dinda, cricketer
Wriddhiman Saha, cricketer
Deep Dasgupta, cricketer
Chuni Goswami, footballer
Shailen Manna, footballer, former India national football team's captain (guided India to Gold medal in 1951 Asiad)
Pradip Kumar Banerjee, footballer
Krishanu Dey, footballer
Sudeep Chatterjee, footballer
Mihir Sen, record swimmer
Jyotirmoyee Sikdar, track and field
Arjun Atwal, golfer
Surya Shekhar Ganguly, chess grandmaster
Dibyendu Barua, chess grandmaster
Sandipan Chanda, chess grandmaster
Deep Sengupta, chess grandmaster
Manoj Tiwary, cricketer
Gobar Guha, wrestler
Rohan Gavaskar, cricketer (son of Sunil Gavaskar)
Manohar Aich, body builder, Mr. Universe 1952
Dipu Ghosh, badminton, Arjuna Award
Leander Paes, tennis player
Saurav Ghosal, squash player
Mohammed Shami, cricketer

text: Sports administrators[edit]

text:
Pankaj Gupta
Jagmohan Dalmiya


document_title: Inside Out & Back Again

question_text: how many pages are in the book inside out and back again

text: Inside Out & Back Again

text:
Inside Out & Back Again

Author
Thanhha Lai

Cover artist
Zdenko Bašić, Manuel Šumberac, Ray Shappell

Country
United States

Language
English

Genre
Historical Fiction

Publisher
HarperCollins

Media type
Print (hardcover)

Pages
263

ISBN
978-0-06-196278-3

OCLC
606403465

text: Inside Out & Back Again is a verse novel by Thanhha Lai.[1] The book was awarded the 2011 National Book Award for Young People's Literature[2] and one of the two Newbery Honors.[3] The novel was based on her first year in the United States, as a ten-year-old girl who spoke no English in 1975.

text: Plot summary[edit]

text: Inside Out and Back Again is a story about a young girl named Kim Hà and her family being forced to move to the United States because the Vietnam War had reached their home, and it was no longer safe. They board a navy ship and flee. Upon spending a couple months at a refugee camp, they end up moving to Alabama. There she struggles with learning English and confronting bullies, including one that she nicknamed Pink Boy, at her new school. Hà at one point said, "No one would believe me but at times I would choose wartime in Saigon over peacetime in Alabama."[4] Eventually, she has pushed through those hard times with the help of their next door neighbor, Mrs. Washington and the support of her family. In the beginning of the book, it mentions that Hà's father, a soldier in the Vietnam war, was captured by the North Vietnamese Army when she was only a year old. In the end, Hà's family figures out that unfortunately, her father had died while in North Vietnamese hands. Hà then gets used to living in the U.S and her family celebrates the new year. She prays for good things to happen to her and her family. The main resolution of the book is family importance.


document_title: Miller Lite

question_text: what was the first light beer in the us

question_tokens: what was the first light beer in the us

text: Miller Lite

text: History[edit]

text: Miller Lite was essentially the first mainstream light beer.[citation needed] After its first inception as "Gablinger's Diet Beer," developed in 1967 by Joseph L. Owades, PhD, a biochemist working for New York's Rheingold Brewery,[3] the recipe was given by Owades to Chicago's Peter Hand Brewing.[4] That year, Peter Hand Brewing was purchased by a group of investors, renamed Meister Brau Brewing, and Lite was soon introduced as Meister Brau Lite, a companion to their flagship Meister Brau. Under the new management, Meister Brau Brewing encountered significant financial problems, and in 1972, sold several of its existing labels to Miller. The recipe was relaunched simply as "Lite" on packaging and in advertising (with "Lite Beer from Miller" being its "official" name until the late '90s) in the test markets of Springfield, Illinois, Knoxville, Tennessee, and San Diego, California, in 1973, and heavily marketed using masculine pro sports players and other, so-called, macho figures of the day in an effort to sell to the key beer-drinking male demographic. Miller Lite was introduced nationally in 1975.[5] Miller's heavy-advertising approach worked where the two previous light beers had failed, and Miller's early production totals of 12.8 million barrels quickly increased to 24.2 million barrels by 1977 as Miller rose to 2nd place in the American brewing marketplace. Other brewers responded, in particular Anheuser-Busch with its heavily advertised Bud Light in 1982, which eventually overtook Lite in sales by 1994. Anheuser-Busch played on the branding style of "Lite" by highlighting the fact that their beer was called "Bud Light," as "everything else is just a light." In 1992, light beers became the biggest domestic beer in America, and in 1998, Miller relabeled its "Lite" brand as "Miller Lite."[citation needed]

text: In 2008, Miller Brewing Company test-marketed three new recipes – an amber, a blonde ale, and a wheat – under the Miller Lite brand, marketed as Miller Lite Brewers Collection.[6]

text: In December 2013, as part of a product placement marketing campaign with the film Anchorman 2: The Legend Continues, Miller reintroduced the 1974 navy-blue blackletter font "Lite" packaging on its 16-US-fluid-ounce (470 ml) cans for a limited time (the original 1972 cans used a light-blue script logo). However, the vintage packaging was such a success that by September 2014, the company decided to switch back to the vintage packaging full-time, including on bottles and tap handles, mirroring the unexpected success that PepsiCo had in 2009 with its Pepsi Throwback & Mountain Dew Throwback lines in tapping into the retro-themed packaging market. The unexpected sales increase, combined with wanting to differentiate the packaging from Bud Light, were factors in the decision, with some consumers even stating that Miller actually improved on the taste when nothing changed in the beer itself.[7][8]

text: Awards[edit]

text: Miller Lite Great American Beer Festival's silver medal in 2003 in the same category. At the 2010 and 2014 Great American Beer Festival, Miller Lite won the gold medal for Best American Style Lager or Light Lager, beating out Miller Genuine Draft, which received the bronze. The beer debuted at #1 on the list of top 100 beers of all time by Cold Cans.

text: Advertising[edit]

text: Miller Lite's long-running "Tastes Great!...Less Filling!" advertising campaign was ranked by Advertising Age magazine as the eighth best advertising campaign in history. The campaign was developed by the advertising agency McCann-Erickson Worldwide.[9] In the prime of the campaign, television commercials typically portrayed a Lite Beer drinker noting its great taste followed by another who observed that it was less filling. This usually led to a parody of Wild West saloon fights in which every patron got involved in the dispute for no real reason, though in this case it was always a shouting match, and blows were never thrown. The commercials were closed with a voiceover from actor Eddie Barth, who read the slogan, "Lite Beer from Miller: Everything you've always wanted in a beer. And less."[10]

text: The then-recently retired New York Jets running back Matt Snell was the first person to appear in Miller Lite's first commercial in 1973.

text: To attract 'Joe Sixpack' to a light beer, these commercials started to feature both elite ex-athletes such as Ray Nitschke, Ben Davidson, and Bubba Smith but also oddball cultural figures such as Mickey Spillane (accompanied by a blonde, Lee Meredith, who is better known for her role as Ulla, the secretary in The Producers), and comedian Rodney Dangerfield. As the series of commercials went on, it began featuring athletes and celebrities of all sorts. Some commercials from this era include:

text:
Former Major League catcher and Milwaukee Brewers broadcaster Bob Uecker being rousted from his good seat at a ballgame, and escorted away by an usher. Uecker comments, "I must be in the front rowwwwwww," but ends up in the last row of the nosebleed seats. This gave rise to the term "Bob Uecker seats".[11]
Joe Frazier, famous heavyweight boxing champion, walking into a full bar as part of a barbershop quartet while the on-screen caption says "Joe Frazier, Famous Heavyweight Singer." The quartet sings "do like Smokin' Joe" and the song goes on to praise Miller Lite's advantages. There is then a moment's silence which follows with a roar of applause. [1]
Marv Throneberry, who was one of the most famously hapless members of the 1962 New York Mets, wondering over and over, "I don't know why I was asked to do this commercial."
Former Baltimore Orioles first baseman Boog Powell and former umpire Jim Honochick doing a spot together, with Honochick totally unaware whom he is standing next to, until he puts his glasses on at the end, and exclaims, "Hey - you're Boog Powell!"
Pro footballer/actor Bubba Smith proclaims at the end of a spot, "I also like the easy-opening can," then proceeds to tear off the entire top third of an aluminum Miller Lite can. In a later ad, pro bowling legend Don Carter laments that bowlers are athletes too, and attempts to prove it by repeating Smith's feat. But he struggles to do so.
And perhaps most famously, when Billy Martin and George Steinbrenner were in the middle of their legendary 1970s era feuds, they did an ad with Martin saying, "Tastes great, George", and Steinbrenner replying, "Less filling, Billy!", back and forth until Steinbrenner finally says, "You're fired!" (changed to "You're hired!" when Martin was re-hired by Steinbrenner in real life). Martin replies, "Not Again!"

text: As the popularity of the ads and the number of athletes and celebrities that appeared in them grew, Miller produced occasional "alumni" ads featuring all of the stars, generally in some sort of competition between the 'Less Fillings' and the 'Taste Greats'. The ads usually ended with Rodney Dangerfield somehow being the goat of the losing team. In one of the last spots to feature Dangerfield, the Miller Lite alumni are competing in a bowling match. It is the last frame of a tie game, and Ben Davidson grumbles to Dangerfield, "All we need is one pin, Rodney." Dangerfield rolls the ball down the lane, only to have it bounce horizontally off the head pin and into the gutter, knocking down zero pins.

text: As part of this campaign, Miller Brewing ran a series of highly distinctive[according to whom?] television commercials in the winter of 1993–1994 showing several fictitious "extreme sports" such as "Wiener Dog Drag Racing" (which featured two wiener dogs racing each other at a drag racing strip), "Sumo High Dive" (which depicted a Japanese sumo wrestler diving off a platform) and "The Miss Perfect Face-Off" (which featured beauty pageant contestants playing ice hockey). The tag line that followed was, "If you can combine great taste with less filling, you can combine anything." and the question "Can your beer do this?"

text: In 1995-1996, Miller Lite ran the "Life Is Good" campaign, which showed Miller Lite drinkers' aspirational transition to more fun via a Miller Lite bottle tap, like "Beach Rewind", where three men on a beach admired three beautiful women walking by, and could rewind, and enjoy, the scene repeatedly. The campaign was developed by Leo Burnett Company, and received the American Marketing Association EFFIE award for outstanding advertising effectiveness. The campaign included celebrities such as Larry Bird, Keith Jackson, and Richard Karn.[12]

text: Beginning January 12, 1997, a series of surrealistic Miller Lite ads, purportedly made by a man named "Dick", began to air. They were hallmarked as such either at the beginning or the end of the commercial. The campaign was developed by Minneapolis-based ad agency Fallon. The series of "Dick" commercials was directed by Gerald Casale of the new wave band Devo. Such commercials include one where a middle-aged man sees the message "twist to open" on a Miller Lite bottle cap, and he proceeds to do the Twist.[13]

text: The ad campaign changed back to using high-profile celebrities who were either on opposite ends of the spectrum or had bragging rights to exchange with the other. Notable pairings included the following:

text:
George Brett and Robin Yount. Brett and Yount were both elected to the Baseball Hall of Fame in 1999 with 98 and 77 percent of the vote respectively while Yount won two MVP awards to Brett's one.
Edgar Winter and George Hamilton. Winter's albinism was a stark contrast to the tanned look of Hamilton on screen.
Ken Stabler and Dan Fouts. Stabler needles Fouts about never getting to or winning a Super Bowl while Fouts lets Stabler know about his inferior passing statistics.

text: In 2002, "Catfight", another high-profile commercial in the long-running "Great Taste...Less Filling" campaign, was denounced by critics as depicting women as sexual objects.[14] The commercial featured two women, a blonde (Tanya Ballinger) and a brunette (Kitana Baker), discussing the classic "Great Taste/Less Filling" debate, except they engaged in a catfight, hence the ad's title, with the fight moving from a fountain to a mud pit, with the girls stripping each other of their clothing in the process. An uncensored version of the commercial ended in the muddy beauties, stripped down to their underwear, sharing a passionate kiss. The girls received much publicity from the commercial, and later starred in a few related commercials, videos and events.

text: In 2006, Miller Lite had an advertising campaign called Man Laws featuring celebrities that include actor Burt Reynolds, professional wrestler Triple H, comedian Eddie Griffin, and former American football player Jerome Bettis. The celebrities and other actors were in a "Men of the Square Table", a group meeting where they discuss different situations that should be included in the "Man Laws". The ads were developed by the ad agency Crispin Porter + Bogusky/Miami, and were directed by comedy film director Peter Farrelly.[15]

text: In June 2010, commercials premiered featuring actresses Lindsey McKeon and Nadine Heimann as bartenders.

text: Motorsport sponsorship[edit]

text: Miller Brewing Company began their NASCAR sponsorship in 1983 with driver Bobby Allison, advertising the Miller High Life brand and later in 1990 with driver Rusty Wallace, advertising the Miller Genuine Draft brand. In 1997, the company began advertising the Miller Lite brand on Wallace's #2 Penske Racing car. The car later earned the nickname "Blue Deuce", due to its number and blue paint scheme. Wallace retired following the 2005 season, and Kurt Busch was named as his replacement. Busch drove the "Blue Deuce" from 2006 to 2010. The car is currently driven by Brad Keselowski, who won the 2012 Sprint Cup Series championship.

text: Other promotion in motorsport included the sponsoring of Don Prudhomme's Larry Dixon-driven NHRA top fuel dragster from 1997 to 2007. Prior to that, Dixon was sponsored by Miller Genuine Draft. Additionally, Miller Brewing sponsored the Unlimited hydroplane of R.B. "Bob" Taylor in 1984 with the U-7 "Lite All-Star", driven by Tom D'Eath. The following year, Miller switched teams and brands with the "Miller American" Unlimited hydroplane owned by Fran Muncey and Jim Lucero--which resulted in the 1985 National Championship, and APBA Gold Cup wins in 1985, 1986, and 1987, driven by Chip Hanauer.

text: For the first time in a video game, it was featured in NASCAR '15: Victory Edition and NASCAR Heat Evolution as a sponsor available to users verified to be over 21 years of age.


document_title: Sarah

question_text: who had a baby at 100 in the bible

question_tokens: who had a baby at 100 in the bible

text: Sarah

text: In the Hebrew Bible[edit]

text: Sarah was the half-sister and wife of Abraham. She was considered beautiful to the point that Abraham feared that when they were near more powerful rulers she would be taken away and given to another man. Twice he purposely identified her as being his sister so that he would be "treated well" for her sake.[4] No reason is given why Sarah remained barren (childless) for a long period of time.[5] She was originally called "Sarai", which is translated "my princess". Later she was called "Sarah", i.e., "princess".[6]

text: Departure from Ur[edit]

text: Terah, with Abram (as he was then called), Sarai and Lot, departed for Canaan, but stopped in a place named Haran, where Terah remained until he died at the age of 205.[7] The LORD had told Abram to leave his country and his father's house for a land that he would show him, promising to make of him a great nation, bless him, make his name great, bless those who blessed him, and curse "him" that curses him.[8] Following God's command, Abram took his wife Sarai, his nephew Lot, and the wealth and persons that they had acquired, and traveled to Shechem in Canaan. Abram was 75 at this time.[9]

text: Pharaoh's harem[edit]

text: There was a severe famine in the land of Canaan, so that Abram and Lot and their households, travelled south to Egypt. On the journey to Egypt, Abram instructed Sarai to identify herself only as his sister, fearing that the Egyptians would kill him in order to take his wife, saying, "I know what a beautiful woman you are. When the Egyptians see you, they will say, 'this is his wife.' Then they will kill me but will let you live. Say you are my sister, so that I will be treated well for your sake and my life will be spared because of you."[10] When brought before Pharaoh, Sarai said that Abram was her brother, and the king thereupon took her into his palace and bestowed upon the latter many presents and marks of distinction. It is possible that Sarai acquired her Egyptian handmaid Hagar during this stay. However, God afflicted Pharaoh's household with great plagues.[11] Pharaoh then realized that Sarai was Abram's wife and demanded that they leave Egypt immediately.[12]

text: Hagar and Ishmael[edit]

text: After having lived in Canaan for ten years and still childless, Sarai suggested that Abram have a child with her Egyptian handmaid Hagar, to which he agreed. This resulted in tension between Sarai and Hagar, and Sarai complained to her husband that the handmaid no longer respected her.[13] At one point, Hagar fled from her mistress but returned after angels met her. She gave birth to Abram's son Ishmael when Abram was eighty-six years old.[14]

text: Isaac[edit]

text: In Genesis 17 when Abram was ninety-nine years old, God declared his new name: "Abraham" – "a father of many nations", and gave him the covenant of circumcision. God gave Sarai the new name "Sarah", and blessed her.[15] Abraham was given assurance that Sarah would have a son. Not long afterwards, Abraham and Sarah were visited by three men. One of the visitors told Abraham that upon his return next year, Sarah would have a son. While at the tent entrance, Sarah overheard what was said, and she laughed to herself about the prospect of having a child at their ages. The visitor inquired of Abraham why Sarah laughed at the idea of bearing a child, for her age was as nothing to God. Sarah soon became pregnant and bore a son to Abraham, at the very time which had been spoken. The patriarch, then a hundred years old, named the child "Isaac" (Hebrew yitschaq, "laughter") and circumcised him when he was eight days old.[16] For Sarah, the thought of giving birth and nursing a child, at such an old age, also brought her much laughter, as she declared, "God had made me to laugh, [so that] all that hear will laugh with me."[17] Abraham held a great feast on the day when Isaac was to be weaned. It was during this banquet that Sarah happened upon the then teenaged Ishmael mocking[18] and was so disturbed that she requested that both he and Hagar be removed from their company.[19] Abraham was initially distressed by this but relented when told by God to do as his wife had asked.[20]

text: Abimelech[edit]

text: After being visited by the three men, Abraham and Sarah settled between Kadesh and Shur in the land of the Philistines. While he was living in Gerar, Abraham again claimed that Sarah was his sister. King Abimelech subsequently had her brought to him. Later, God came to Abimelech in a dream and declared that taking her would result in death because she was a married woman. Abimelech, who had not laid hands on her, inquired if he would also slay a righteous nation, especially since Abraham had claimed that he and Sarah were siblings. In response, God told Abimelech that he did indeed have a blameless heart and that was why he continued to exist. However, if he did not return Sarah to Abraham, God would surely destroy Abimelech and his entire household. Abimelech was informed that Abraham was a prophet who would pray for him.[21]

text: Early next morning, Abimelech informed his servants of his dream and approached Abraham inquiring as to why he had brought such great guilt upon his kingdom. Abraham replied that he thought there was no fear of God in that place, and that they might kill him for his wife. Then Abraham defended what he had said as not being a lie at all: "And yet indeed she is my sister; she is the daughter of my father, but not the daughter of my mother; and she became my wife."[22] Abimelech returned Sarah to Abraham, and gave him gifts of sheep, oxen, and servants; and invited him to settle wherever he pleased in Abimelech's lands. Further, Abimelech gave Abraham a thousand pieces of silver to serve as Sarah's vindication before all. Abraham then prayed for Abimelech and his household, since God had stricken the women with infertility because of the taking of Sarah.[23]

text: Death[edit]

text: Sarah, who died at the age of 127, is the only woman in the Hebrew scriptures (Old Testament) whose age is given.[24] Abraham buried her in the Cave of the Patriarchs (also called the Cave of Machpelah), near Hebron which he had purchased, along with the adjoining field, from Ephron the Hittite and laid her to rest in the cave.[25]

text: Family tree[edit]

text:
Terah

Sarah[26]

Abraham

Hagar

Haran

Nahor

Ishmael

Milcah

Lot

Iscah

Ishmaelites

7 sons[27]

Bethuel

1st daughter

2nd daughter

Isaac

Rebecca

Laban

Moabites

Ammonites

Esau

Jacob

Rachel

Bilhah

Edomites

Zilpah

Leah

1. Reuben
2. Simeon
3. Levi
4. Judah
9. Issachar
10. Zebulun
Dinah (daughter)

7. Gad
8. Asher

5. Dan
6. Naphtali

11. Joseph
12. Benjamin

text: In rabbinic literature[edit]

text: The Talmud[28] identifies Sarai with Iscah, daughter of Abraham's deceased brother Haran,[29] so that in this Sarah turns out to be the niece of Abraham and the sister of Lot and Milcah. Rashi on Genesis 20:12 She is [indeed] my sister, my father's daughter. - And the daughter of [one's] father [from a different mother] is permitted to a son of Noah, [i.e., a non-Jew], for there is no [ halachic relationship {with regard to forbidden marriages} through] paternity for non-Jews. In order to bear out his words he answered him {Avimelech} thus. And if you will say [by way of objection], is it not true that she was the daughter of his brother (Sanhedrin 58b), [and not his father? The answer is that] the children of children are like [one's own] children (Yevamos 62b. In his comments to Exodus 18:1, Rashi explains that "young children call their father's father, 'Father'.") and [Sarah] is thus [considered] the daughter of Terah, [Abraham's father, for she was the daughter of Haran, another son of Terah].[30]

text: Pharaoh's harem[edit]

text: When brought before Pharaoh, Sarah said that Abram was her brother, and the king thereupon bestowed upon the latter many presents and marks of distinction.[31] As a token of his love for Sarai the king deeded his entire property to her, and gave her the land of Goshen as her hereditary possession: for this reason the Israelites subsequently lived in that land.[32] Sarai prayed to God to deliver her from the king, and He thereupon sent an angel, who struck Pharaoh whenever he attempted to touch her. Pharaoh was so astonished at these blows that he spoke kindly to Sarai, who confessed that she was Abraham's wife. The king then ceased to annoy her.[31] According to another version, Pharaoh persisted in annoying her after she had told him that she was a married woman; thereupon the angel struck him so violently that he became ill, and was thereby prevented from continuing to trouble her.[33] According to one tradition it was when Pharaoh saw these miracles wrought in Sarai's behalf that he gave her his daughter Hagar as slave, saying: "It is better that my daughter should be a slave in the house of such a woman than mistress in another house." Abimelech acted likewise.[34] Sarah is the sister of Abram by another mother and wife of Abram as described in the Hebrew Bible (the Book of Genesis). In Genesis 17:15, God changes her name to Sarah (princess) ("a woman of high rank") as part of the covenant with El Shaddai after Hagar bears Abram his first born son Ishmael. The name Sarai uses the semitic root Šarai or law and like El has the sense of power, authority, lord, deity, natural law, law as might be expected for the lady of the house. The Hebrew name Sarah indicates a woman of high rank (less than that of 1st wife) and is sometimes translated as "princess."

text: Relations with Hagar[edit]

text: Sarai treated Hagar well, and induced women who came to visit her to visit Hagar also. Hagar, when pregnant by Abraham, began to act superciliously toward Sarai, provoking the latter to treat her harshly, to impose heavy work upon her, and even to strike her.[35] Some believe Sarai was originally destined to reach the age of 175 years, but forty-eight years of this span of life were taken away from her because she complained of Abraham, blaming him as though he was the cause that Hagar no longer respected her.[36][37] Sarah was sterile; but a miracle was granted to her[38] after her name was changed from "Sarai" to "Sarah".[36] According to one myth, when her fertility had been restored and she had given birth to Isaac, the people would not believe in the miracle, saying that the patriarch and his wife had adopted a foundling and pretended that it was their own son. Abraham thereupon invited all the notabilities to a banquet on the day when Isaac was to be weaned. Sarah invited the women, also, who brought their infants with them; and on this occasion she gave milk from her breasts to all the strange children, thus convincing the guests of the miracle.[39]

text: Death[edit]

text: Legends connect Sarah's death with the attempted sacrifice of Isaac,[40] however, there are two versions of the story. According to one, Samael came to her and said: "Your old husband seized the boy and sacrificed him. The boy wailed and wept; but he could not escape from his father." Sarah began to cry bitterly, and ultimately died of her grief.[41] According to the other legend, Satan came to Sarah disguised as an old man, and told her that Isaac had been sacrificed. Believing it to be true, she cried bitterly, but soon comforted herself with the thought that the sacrifice had been offered at the command of God. She started from Beer-sheba to Hebron, asking everyone she met if he knew in which direction Abraham had gone. Then Satan came again in human shape and told her that it was not true that Isaac had been sacrificed, but that he was living and would soon return with his father. Sarah, on hearing this, died of joy at Hebron. Abraham and Isaac returned to their home at Beer-sheba, and, not finding Sarah there, went to Hebron, where they discovered her dead.[42] According to the Genesis Rabbah, during Sarah's lifetime her house was always hospitably open, the dough was miraculously increased, a light burned from Friday evening to Saturday evening, and a pillar of cloud rested upon the entrance to her tent.[43]

text: New Testament references[edit]

text: The First Epistle of Peter praises Sarah for obeying her husband.[44] She is praised for her faith in the Hebrews "hall of faith" passage alongside a number of other Old Testament figures.[45] Other New Testament references to Sarah are in Romans[46] and Galatians.[47] In Galatians 4, she and Hagar are used as an allegory of the old and new covenants:

text: "For it is written that Abraham had two sons, one by the slave woman and the other by the free woman. His son by the slave woman was born in the ordinary way; but his son by the free woman was born as the result of a promise. These things may be taken figuratively, for the women represent two covenants. One covenant is from Mount Sinai and bears children who are to be slaves: This is Hagar. Now Hagar stands for Mount Sinai and corresponds to the present city of Jerusalem, because she is in slavery with her children. But the Jerusalem that is above is free, and she is our mother...Now you, brothers, like Isaac, are children of promise...Therefore, brothers, we are not children of the slave woman, but of the free woman."[48]

text: Islam[edit]

text: Sarah (Arabic: سارة Sāra), the wife of the patriarch and Islamic prophet Abraham and the mother of the prophet Isaac, is an honoured woman in the Islamic faith. She lived with Abraham throughout her life and, although she was barren, God promised her the birth of a prophetic son, Isaac. Abraham, however, prayed constantly to God for a child. Sarah, being barren, subsequently gave him her Egyptian handmaiden,[49] Hājar (Hagar), to wed as his second wife. Hagar bore Ismā'īl (Ishmael), when Abraham was eighty-six,[50] who too would become a prophet of God like his father. Thirteen years later, God announced to Abraham, then ninety-nine,[51] that barren Sarah would give birth to Abraham's second son, Isaac, who would also be a prophet of the Lord. Although the Qur'an does not mention Sarah by name, it mentions the annunciation of the birth of Isaac. The Qur'an mentions that Sarah laughed when the angels gave her the glad tidings of Isaac:

text:
There came Our messengers to Abraham with glad tidings. They said, 'Peace!' He answered, 'Peace!' and hastened to entertain them with a roasted calf.
But when he saw their hands went not towards the (meal), he felt some mistrust of them, and conceived a fear of them. They said: "Fear not: We have been sent against the people of Lut.
And his wife was standing (there), and she laughed: But we gave her glad tidings of Isaac, and after him, of Jacob.
She said: "Alas for me! shall I bear a child, seeing I am an old woman, and my husband here is an old man? That would indeed be a wonderful thing!"

text: Tomb of Sarah[edit]

text: Sarah is believed to be buried in the Cave of the Patriarchs (known by Muslims as the Sanctuary of Abraham). The compound, located in the ancient city of Hebron, is the second holiest site for Jews (after the Temple Mount in Jerusalem), and is also venerated by Christians and Muslims, both of whom have traditions which maintain that the site is the burial place of three biblical couples; Abraham and Sarah, Isaac and Rebecca, and Jacob and Leah. According to the Book of Genesis, Abraham purchased the plot of land for her tomb from a man named Ephron the Hittite.[53]

text: Contemporary works and analysis[edit]

text: Sarah has been featured in several novels, and she is the central character in Sarah by Orson Scott Card in the Women of Genesis series, Sarai: A Novel by Jill Eileen Smith, and Sarah: A Novel by Marek Halter. In the Christian fiction novel Redeeming Love by Francine Rivers, the protagonist, called "Angel" throughout the duration of the story, is barren. At the end of the book, she reveals that her birth name is "Sarah" to her husband, who takes the revelation as a promise from God that they will one day be able to have children. In the 1994 movie Abraham, Sarah is portrayed by Barbara Hershey.

text: Sarah is also a subject discussed in nonfiction books. In Twelve Extraordinary Women by Pastor John F. MacArthur, her life and story is analyzed along with that of Eve, Rahab, Ruth, Hannah, the Virgin Mary, Anna the Prophetess, the Samaritan woman at the well, Mary of Bethany, Martha, Mary Magdalene, and Lydia of Thyatira.[54] Sarah appears in Slightly Bad Girls of the Bible: Flawed Women Loved by a Flawless God by Liz Curtis Higgs alongside several other biblical women.[55]

text: Some classical and modern scholars have analyzed Abraham's reasoning for hiding Sarah's position as his wife. Rashi argued that when a stranger comes to town, the proper thing to do would be to inquire if he needs food and drink, not whether his female companion is a married woman, and hence as Abimelech did the latter, it tipped off Abraham to the fact that there is no fear of God in this place, and so he lied about his relationship with Sarah in order to avoid being killed. Christian interpretation of the incidents has varied considerably. Some commentators have seen them as regrettable exceptions in the lives of those who otherwise lived upright lives, comparable to Noah's and Lot's drunkenness and David's adultery.

text: Others have questioned Sarah's status as Abraham's sister. According to Emanuel Feldman (1965), basing his argument on Albright's interpretation of the archaeology of Nuzu, a wife could legally be awarded the title "sister", and that this was the most sacred form of marriage, and hence Abraham and Isaac referred to their wives as "sisters" for this reason. Most archaeologists[who?] however dispute that view, instead arguing the opposite - that sisters in the region were often awarded the title "wife" in order to give them much greater status in society.[56] Savina Teubal's book Sarah the Priestess explains that while Sarah was indeed both Abram's wife and sister, there was no incest taboo because she was a half-sister by a different mother.[57]

text: Notes[edit]

text:
Jump up ^ Wells, John C. (1990). Longman pronunciation dictionary. Harlow, England: Longman. p. 621. ISBN 0-582-05383-8.  entry "Sarah"
Jump up ^ Genesis 20:12
Jump up ^ Commentaries on Genesis 17:15, and Brown-Driver-Briggs' Hebrew Definitions
Jump up ^ Genesis 12:12-13, 20:2
Jump up ^ Genesis 11:30
Jump up ^ Matthew Henry's Commentary suggests that Sarai="my princess" would refer to a single family and Sarah="a princess" signified one of many, i.e. many families, in parallel to the change from Abram to Abraham
Jump up ^ Genesis 11:27–11:32
Jump up ^ Genesis 12:1–3
Jump up ^ Genesis 12:4
Jump up ^ Genesis 12:11-13, NIV
Jump up ^ Genesis 12:14–17
Jump up ^ Genesis 12:18–20
Jump up ^ Genesis 16:1–6
Jump up ^ Genesis 16:7–16
Jump up ^ Genesis 17:1–27
Jump up ^ Genesis 21:4
Jump up ^ Genesis 21:6–7
Jump up ^ Genesis 21:9
Jump up ^ Genesis 21:10
Jump up ^ Genesis 21:12
Jump up ^ Genesis 20:1–7
Jump up ^ Genesis 20:12
Jump up ^ Genesis 20:8–18
Jump up ^ Genesis 23:1,2 The ages of some other women can be deduced or approximated. Eve was created the same day as Adam, so when Seth was born when Adam had lived 130 years, Eve had lived as long also, short a number of hours.
Jump up ^ Genesis 23:1–20
Jump up ^ Genesis 20:12: Sarah was the half–sister of Abraham.
Jump up ^ Genesis 22:21-22: Uz, Buz, Kemuel, Chesed, Hazo, Pildash, and Jidlaph
Jump up ^ Sanhedrin 69B
Jump up ^ Genesis 11:29
Jump up ^ (Rashi, The Sapirstein Edition. Vol.1, pp. 213-14. Translated by R. Yisrael Isser Zvi Herczeg et al. Mesorah Publications, Ltd. Brooklyn: 1999.)
^ Jump up to: a b Sefer haYashar (Book of Jasher), section "Lek Leka".
Jump up ^ Pirḳe R. El. xxxvi.
Jump up ^ Genesis Rabbah xli. 2.
Jump up ^ Genesis Rabbah xlv. 2.
Jump up ^ Genesis Rabbah xlv. 9.
^ Jump up to: a b Rosh Hashanah 16b.
Jump up ^ Genesis Rabbah xlv. 7.
Jump up ^ Genesis Rabbah xlvii. 3.
Jump up ^ Bava Metzia 87a; comp. Gen. R. liii. 13.
Jump up ^ Gen. R. lviii. 5.
Jump up ^ Pirḳe de Rabbi Eliezer xxxii.
Jump up ^ Sefer haYashar, section "Wayera".
Jump up ^ Genesis Rabbah lx. 15.
Jump up ^ 1 Peter 3:6, cited in  Herbermann, Charles, ed. (1913). "Sara". Catholic Encyclopedia. New York: Robert Appleton Company.
Jump up ^ Hebrews 11:11
Jump up ^ Romans 4:19 and 9:9, cited in  Herbermann, Charles, ed. (1913). "Sara". Catholic Encyclopedia. New York: Robert Appleton Company.
Jump up ^ Galatians 4:22–23
Jump up ^ Galatians 4:22-26, 28, 31, NIV
Jump up ^ Lings, Martin (1983). "The House of God". Muhammad: His Life Based on the Earliest Sources. Islamic Texts Society. ISBN 978-0042970509.
Jump up ^ Genesis 16:16: "And Abram [was] fourscore and six years old, when Hagar bare Ishmael to Abram."
Jump up ^ Genesis 17:1-22 "[v.1] And when Abram was ninety years old and nine, the LORD appeared to Abram ... [v.19] And God said, Sarah thy wife shall bear thee a son indeed; and thou shalt call his name Isaac ..."
Jump up ^ Quran 11:69–72
Jump up ^ Genesis 23
Jump up ^ Twelve Extraordinary Women: How God Shaped Women of the Bible, and What He Wants to Do with You (2008) ISBN 1-4002-8028-1
Jump up ^ Higgs, Liz, Slightly Bad Girls of the Bible: Flawed Women Loved by a Flawless God. 978-1400072125
Jump up ^ Emanuel Feldman. Changing patterns in Biblical criticism. Tradition 1965; 7(4) and 1966; 8(5).
Jump up ^ Savina Teubal (1984). Sarah The Priestess: The First Matriarch Of Genesis. ISBN 978-0-8040-0844-0.

tag: ol


document_title: Stanley Cup Finals

question_text: who won the most stanley cups in history

text: Stanley Cup Finals

text: History[edit]

text: The Stanley Cup was first awarded to the Montreal Hockey Club in 1893 when the team won the 1893 AHAC season. The team then had to defend its champion-title both through league championships and challenge games organised by the Stanley Cup trustees. Until 1912, these challenges could take place before or during a league season. After 1912, the trustees ordered that challenges only take place after all league games were completed.[2]

text: The last challenge, in 1914, was the inauguration of the first "World Series" of ice hockey,[3] a series between the Stanley Cup and league champion Toronto Hockey Club of the National Hockey Association (NHA) and the Victoria Aristocrats, champions of the Pacific Coast Hockey Association (PCHA). The series was pre-arranged between the two leagues prior to the season after post-season exhibitions held in their previous seasons. The inaugural series was to be held in the city of the NHA champion, and alternate annually following the series.

text: After the series got under way, there was some concern that the series would not produce an "official" Stanley Cup champion. The Victoria club had not formally applied to the Stanley Cup trustees to challenge for the Cup.[4] A letter arrived from the Stanley Cup trustees on March 17, that the trustees would not let the Stanley Cup travel west, because they did not consider Victoria a proper challenger, as they had not verified themselves with the trustees.[5] However, on March 18, trustee William Foran stated that it was a misunderstanding. PCHA president Lester Patrick, PCHA President, had not filed a challenge, because he had expected Emmett Quinn of the NHA to make all of the arrangements in his role as hockey commissioner, whereas the trustees thought they were being purposely ignored. The Victoria challenge was accepted.[6] Any tension was disffused as Toronto successfully defended the Cup by sweeping a best-of-five series in three games.[7] This began the end of the influence of the Stanley Cup trustees on the challengers and series for the Cup. In March 1914, trustee William Foran wrote to NHA president Emmett Quinn that the trustees are "perfectly satisfied to allow the representatives of the three pro leagues (NHA, PCHA and Maritime) to make all arrangements each season as to the series of matches to be played for the Cup."[8]

text: Victoria vs. Toronto

text:
Date
Winning Team
Score
Losing Team
Rules
Notes

March 14, 1914
Toronto HC
5–2
Victoria Aristocrats
NHA

March 17, 1914
Toronto HC
6–5
Victoria Aristocrats
PCHA
15:00, OT

March 19, 1914
Toronto HC
2–1
Victoria Aristocrats
NHA

Toronto Hockey Club wins best-of-five series 3 games to 0

text: All games played at Arena Gardens in Toronto.

text: Part of their 1913 agreement to set up drafting and player rights ownership, the NHA and PCHA leagues agreed to have their respective champions face each other for the Cup.[9] At the same time, the NHA concluded a similar agreement with the Maritime Hockey League but the MHL champions abandoned their 1914 challenge and did not challenge again. From 1914 onwards, the Stanley Cup championship finals alternated between the East and the West each year, with alternating games played according to NHA and PCHA rules.[10] The Cup trustees agreed to this new arrangement, because after the Allan Cup became the highest prize for amateur hockey teams in Canada, the trustees had become dependent on the top two professional leagues to bolster the prominence of the trophy.[11] After the Portland Rosebuds, an American-based team, joined the PCHA in 1914, the trustees issued a statement that the Cup was no longer for the best team in Canada, but now for the best team in the world.[10] Two years later, the Rosebuds became the first American team to play in the Stanley Cup championship finals.[7] In 1917, the Seattle Metropolitans became the first American team to win the Cup.[12] After that season, the NHA dissolved, and the National Hockey League (NHL) took its place.[10]

text: In 1919, the Spanish influenza epidemic forced the Montreal Canadiens and the Seattle Metropolitans to cancel their series tied at 2–2–1, marking the first time the Stanley Cup was not awarded.[13]

text: The format for the Stanley Cup championship changed in 1922, with the creation of the Western Canada Hockey League (WCHL). Now three leagues competed for the Cup and this necessitated a semi-final series between two league champions, with the third having a bye directly to the finals.[14] In 1924, the PCHA and the WCHL merged to form the Western Hockey League (WHL) and the championship reverted to a single series.[15] After winning in the 1924–25 season, the Victoria Cougars became the last team outside the NHL to win the Stanley Cup.[16]

text: The WHL folded in 1926, and most of the players moved to the NHL. This left the NHL as the only league left competing for the Cup. Other leagues and clubs have issued challenges, but from that year forward, no non-NHL team has played for it, leading it to become the de facto championship trophy of the NHL.[15] In 1947, the NHL reached an agreement with trustees P. D. Ross and Cooper Smeaton to grant control of the cup to the NHL, allowing the league itself to reject challenges from other leagues that may have wished to play for the Cup.[17][18] A 2006 Ontario Superior Court case found that the trustees had gone against Lord Stanley's conditions in the 1947 agreement.[19] The NHL has agreed to allow other teams to play for the Cup should the league not be operating, as was the case in the 2004–05 NHL lockout.[18]

text: Broadcasting[edit]

text: The first television broadcast was in 1953. English-language coverage was aired by the Canadian Broadcasting Corporation (CBC), with the play-by-play called by Danny Gallivan and colour commentary by Keith Dancy, hosted by Wes McKnight. The Hockey Night in Canada team of Gallivan and Dancy would cover the next eight Finals. Gallivan would call his last championship series in 1978. Hockey Night in Canada on CBC remains the exclusive English-language broadcaster across Canada despite 1972 when a lengthy NABET strike forced coverage to be instead aired on CTV, from 1985 to 1988 when the series was split between CBC and either CTV or Global TV, and since 2015 when it became a Rogers Media-produced broadcast under a sub-license agreement.

text: French-language broadcasts in Canada also began in 1953, with play-by-play commentator René Lecavalier and colour commentator Jean-Maurice Bailly on CBC's Télévision de Radio-Canada (SRC) division. SRC would continue to be the exclusive French-language broadcaster until 2003 when Réseau des sports (RDS) took over. Since 2015, under a sub-license agreement with Rogers, TVA has been the exclusive home of French-language broadcasts in Canada.

text: The first broadcast in the United States was in 1962, covered by local Chicago station WGN, while network broadcasts started in 1966 on NBC. However, national coverage on American television, like the rest of the NHL season, remained in a state of flux for decades. From 1966 to 1975, NBC and CBS held the rights at various times, but they each only covered selected games of the series. It was then carried on syndication from 1976 to 1979 through the 1970s NHL Network. In 1980, the Hughes broadcast network simulcast CBC's feed before the series was moved to cable. During its time on cable from 1980 to 1993, rights to the series was held at various times by USA, SportsChannel America and ESPN, but there was no exclusive coverage of games and thus local broadcasters could also still televise them regionally as well. In 1995, Fox signed on to be the exclusive national broadcast network of selected games of the final round, splitting it with ESPN. This splitting of exclusive national coverage on cable/broadcast networks remains, first being passed to ABC and ESPN in 2000, and then NBC and Versus (now NBCSN) in 2006.

text: American local/national coverage policy for Stanley Cup Finals[edit]

text:
1995–present: National coverage (network and cable) exclusive.
1981–1994: Local coverage permitted for all games. National coverage (cable) not exclusive.
1976–1980: National coverage on syndicated network exclusive.
1968–1975: Local coverage permitted for non-network games. National network telecasts exclusive.

text: Series format[edit]

text: The championship series began with the interleague 'World Series' played in one city. The series alternated between a rink of the NHA and later the NHL and a rink of the PCHA and later the WCHL/WHL. It was not until the demise of the WHL, that the final series alternated games between the two finalists' home ice.

text: The series allowed ties until 1928. As the two and later three leagues differed, the series would alternate using each league's rules. The PCHA continued to use seven-man team play, and games would alternate with six and seven-man games.

text: After the NHL became the last remaining league to compete for the Cup, the trophy was then awarded to the winner of the NHL's championship playoff round. This first took place in 1927 between the Boston Bruins and the Ottawa Senators, which was planned to be a best-of-three series, although the series allowed ties. The series ended after four games, when the Senators defeated the Bruins in the fourth game.

text: The NHL has changed its playoff format several times since 1927, and thus the final round has not always pitted conference or division playoff champions against each other. In the playoff format used from 1929 to 1938, the two teams with identical division ranking would face each other (i.e. the first place teams played each other, the second place teams play each other, and likewise for the third place teams). The winner of the first place series would automatically advance to the final round. The winner of the second and third place series would then play each other, with the winner of that series earning the other berth to the championship round.

text: During the Original Six era, the top four teams made the playoffs, with the first and third place teams battling in one semifinal series, while the second and fourth place teams battled in the other. And from 1975 to 1981, all the playoff teams were seeded regardless of division or conference. Since 1982, the NHL's final round has pitted the league's two conference playoff champions.

text:
Years
Format
Notes

1914–1922
best-of-five

1923–1924
best-of-three

1925–1926
best-of-five

1927
best-of-three
Ties allowed, series ended in four games.

1928
best-of-five

1929–1930
best-of-three

1931–1938
best-of-five

1939–present
best-of-seven
2005 Finals canceled due to lockout

text: Champions[edit]

text:
Most recent Finals

Year
Winning team
Coach
Losing team
Coach
Result
Series-winning goal

2017
Pittsburgh Penguins (EC)
Mike Sullivan
Nashville Predators (WC)
Peter Laviolette
4–2
Patric Hornqvist (18:25, third)

2016
Pittsburgh Penguins (EC)
Mike Sullivan
San Jose Sharks (WC)
Peter DeBoer
4–2
Kris Letang (7:46, second)

2015
Chicago Blackhawks (WC)
Joel Quenneville
Tampa Bay Lightning (EC)
Jon Cooper
4–2
Duncan Keith (17:13, second)

2014
Los Angeles Kings (WC)
Darryl Sutter
New York Rangers (EC)
Alain Vigneault
4–1
Alec Martinez (14:43, 2OT)

2013
Chicago Blackhawks (WC)
Joel Quenneville
Boston Bruins (EC)
Claude Julien
4–2
Dave Bolland (19:01, third)

2012
Los Angeles Kings (WC)
Darryl Sutter
New Jersey Devils (EC)
Peter DeBoer
4–2
Jeff Carter (12:45, first)

text:
Most Final appearances (Top Five)
(Bold indicates Cup wins)

Appearances
Team
Wins
Losses
Win %
Years of Appearance

34 [3]
Montreal Canadiens (NHA/NHL)
24
9
.727
1916, 1917, 1919 [3], 1924, 1925, 1930, 1931, 1944, 1946, 1947, 1951, 1952, 1953, 1954, 1955, 1956, 1957, 1958, 1959, 1960, 1965, 1966, 1967, 1968, 1969, 1971, 1973, 1976, 1977, 1978, 1979, 1986, 1989, 1993

24
Detroit Red Wings
11
13
.458
1934, 1936, 1937, 1941, 1942, 1943, 1945, 1948, 1949, 1950, 1952, 1954, 1955, 1956, 1961, 1963, 1964, 1966, 1995, 1997, 1998, 2002, 2008, 2009

21
Toronto Maple Leafs [1]
13
8
.619
1918, 1922, 1932, 1933, 1935, 1936, 1938, 1939, 1940, 1942, 1945, 1947, 1948, 1949, 1951, 1959, 1960, 1962, 1963, 1964, 1967

19
Boston Bruins
6
13
.315
1927, 1929, 1930, 1939, 1941, 1943, 1946, 1953, 1957, 1958, 1970, 1972, 1974, 1977, 1978, 1988, 1990, 2011, 2013

13
Chicago Blackhawks [2]
6
7
.462
1931, 1934, 1938, 1944, 1961, 1962, 1965, 1971, 1973, 1992, 2010, 2013, 2015

text:
^ 1. The NHL includes the Toronto Hockey Club (Toronto Arenas) 1918 win and the 1922 Toronto St. Patricks win in the Toronto Maple Leafs total.
^ 2. The Chicago Blackhawks were known as the Chicago Black Hawks prior to the 1986–87 season.
^ 3. The Montreal Canadiens totals include the 1919 Final that ended with a no-decision because of the Spanish flu epidemic.

text: Records[edit]

text: Team[edit]

text:
Most wins: Montreal Canadiens (24)
Most losses: Detroit Red Wings (13), Boston Bruins (13)
Least losses: Colorado Avalanche (0)
Most consecutive wins: Montreal Canadiens (5 in 1956–1960)
Most consecutive losses: Toronto Maple Leafs (3 in 1938–1940), St. Louis Blues (3 in 1968–1970)
Most consecutive appearances: Montreal Canadiens (10 in 1951–1960)[20]
Most appearances without a loss: Montreal Canadiens (9 from 1968 to 1986)
Most appearances without a win: Toronto Maple Leafs (6 from 1933 to 1940), Detroit Red Wings (6 from 1956 to 1995), Philadelphia Flyers (6 from 1976 to 2010)
Most seasons between wins: New York Rangers (54 between 1940 and 1994)
Most seasons between appearances: Toronto Maple Leafs (50 between 1967 and the present)

text: Stanley Cup Final consecutive appearances[edit]

text:
Team
Stanley Cup Final appearance streak
Consecutive Stanley Cup Final appearances
Stanley Cup championships during streak

Montreal Canadiens
10 seasons
1950–51 through to 1959–60
6 : 1952–53, 1955–56, 1956–57, 1957–58, 1958–59, 1959–60

Montreal Canadiens
05 seasons
1964–65 through to 1968–69
4 : 1964–65, 1965–66, 1967–68, 1968–69

New York Islanders
05 seasons
1979–80 through to 1983–84
4 : 1979–80, 1980–81, 1981–82, 1982–83

Montreal Canadiens
04 seasons
1975–76 through to 1978–79
4 : 1975–76, 1976–77, 1977–78, 1978–79

Detroit Red Wings
03 seasons
1940–41 through to 1942–43
1 : 1942–43

Toronto Maple Leafs
03 seasons
1946–47 through to 1948–49
3 : 1946–47, 1947–48, 1948–49

Detroit Red Wings
03 seasons
1947–48 through to 1949–50
1 : 1949–50

Detroit Red Wings
03 seasons
1953–54 through to 1955–56
2 : 1953–54, 1954–55

Toronto Maple Leafs
03 seasons
1961–62 through to 1963–64
3 : 1961–62, 1962–63, 1963–64

St. Louis Blues
03 seasons
1967–68 through to 1969–70
none

Philadelphia Flyers
03 seasons
1973–74 through to 1975–76
2 : 1973–74, 1974–75

Edmonton Oilers
03 seasons
1982–83 through to 1984–85
2 : 1983–84, 1984–85

text: Individual[edit]

text:
Most years in Final (12) - Maurice Richard, Red Kelly, Jean Beliveau, Henri Richard[21]
Most games played in Final (65) - Red Kelly, Henri Richard[21]
Most consecutive games in Final (53) - Bernie Geoffrion[21]
Most career points in Final (62) - Jean Beliveau[21]
Most career goals in Final (34) - Maurice Richard[21]
Most career assists in Final (35) - Wayne Gretzky[21]
Most career game-winning goals in Final (9) - Jean Beliveau[21]
Most career shutouts in Final (8) - Clint Benedict[21]

text:
Most points, one series (13) - Wayne Gretzky (1988)[22]
Most goals, one series (14) - Bernie Morris (1917) [nb 2]
Most assists, one series (10) - Wayne Gretzky (1988)[22]
Most shutouts, one series (3) - Clint Benedict (1926), Frank McCool (1945), Martin Brodeur (2003)[22]