document_title: 2017 NFL Draft

question_text: who was the nfl first draft pick 2017

question_tokens: who was the nfl first draft pick 2017

text: 2017 NFL Draft

text: Early entrants[edit]

text: In order to be eligible to enter the draft, players must be at least three years removed from high school. The deadline for underclassmen to declare for the draft was January 16, 2017.[citation needed]

text: The following is the breakdown of the 253 players selected by position:

text:
34 Cornerbacks
32 Wide receivers
29 Linebackers
26 Running backs
25 Defensive ends
23 Safeties
20 Defensive tackles
16 Offensive tackles
14 Tight ends
11 Offensive guards
10 Quarterbacks
6 Centers
3 Placekickers
3 Fullbacks
1 Long snapper

text: Player selections[edit]

text:
Jump to round: 2 • 3 • 4 • 5 • 6 • 7

*
= compensatory selection

†
= Pro Bowler[N 1]

Positions key

C
Center

CB
Cornerback

DB
Defensive back

DE
Defensive end

DL
Defensive lineman
DT
Defensive tackle
FB
Fullback
FS
Free safety

G
Guard
HB
Halfback
K
Placekicker
KR
Kick returner

LB
Linebacker
LS
Long snapper
OT
Offensive tackle
OL
Offensive lineman

NT
Nose tackle
P
Punter
PR
Punt returner
QB
Quarterback

RB
Running back
S
Safety
SS
Strong safety
TB
Tailback

TE
Tight end
WR
Wide receiver

text:
Rnd.
Pick #
NFL team
Player
Pos.
College
Conf.
Notes

1
1
Cleveland Browns
Garrett, MylesMyles Garrett
DE
Texas A&M
SEC

1
2
Chicago Bears
Trubisky, MitchellMitchell Trubisky
QB
North Carolina
ACC
from San Francisco [R1 - 1]

1
3
San Francisco 49ers
Thomas, SolomonSolomon Thomas
DE
Stanford
Pac-12
from Chicago [R1 - 2]

1
4
Jacksonville Jaguars
Fournette, LeonardLeonard Fournette
RB
LSU
SEC

1
5
Tennessee Titans
Davis, CoreyCorey Davis
WR
Western Michigan
MAC
from LA Rams [R1 - 3]

1
6
New York Jets
Adams, JamalJamal Adams
S
LSU
SEC

1
7
Los Angeles Chargers
Williams, MikeMike Williams
WR
Clemson
ACC

1
8
Carolina Panthers
McCaffrey, ChristianChristian McCaffrey
RB
Stanford
Pac-12

1
9
Cincinnati Bengals
Ross, JohnJohn Ross
WR
Washington
Pac-12

1
10
Kansas City Chiefs
Mahomes II, PatrickPatrick Mahomes II
QB
Texas Tech
Big 12
from Buffalo [R1 - 4]

1
11
New Orleans Saints
Lattimore, MarshonMarshon Lattimore †
CB
Ohio State
Big Ten

1
12
Houston Texans
Watson, DeshaunDeshaun Watson
QB
Clemson
ACC
from Philadelphia via Cleveland [R1 - 5]

1
13
Arizona Cardinals
Reddick, HaasonHaason Reddick
LB
Temple
The American

1
14
Philadelphia Eagles
Barnett, DerekDerek Barnett
DE
Tennessee
SEC
from Minnesota [R1 - 6]

1
15
Indianapolis Colts
Hooker, MalikMalik Hooker
S
Ohio State
Big Ten

1
16
Baltimore Ravens
Humphrey, MarlonMarlon Humphrey
CB
Alabama
SEC

1
17
Washington Redskins
Allen, JonathanJonathan Allen
DT
Alabama
SEC

1
18
Tennessee Titans
Jackson, Adoree'Adoree' Jackson
CB
USC
Pac-12

1
19
Tampa Bay Buccaneers
Howard, O. J.O. J. Howard
TE
Alabama
SEC

1
20
Denver Broncos
Bolles, GarettGarett Bolles
OT
Utah
Pac-12

1
21
Detroit Lions
Davis, JarradJarrad Davis
LB
Florida
SEC

1
22
Miami Dolphins
Harris, CharlesCharles Harris
DE
Missouri
SEC

1
23
New York Giants
Engram, EvanEvan Engram
TE
Ole Miss
SEC

1
24
Oakland Raiders
Conley, GareonGareon Conley
CB
Ohio State
Big Ten

1
25
Cleveland Browns
Peppers, JabrillJabrill Peppers
S
Michigan
Big Ten
from Houston [R1 - 7]

1
26
Atlanta Falcons
McKinley, TakkaristTakkarist McKinley
OLB
UCLA
Pac-12
from Seattle [R1 - 8]

1
27
Buffalo Bills
White, Tre'DaviousTre'Davious White
CB
LSU
SEC
from Kansas City [R1 - 9]

1
28
Dallas Cowboys
Charlton, TacoTaco Charlton
DE
Michigan
Big Ten

1
29
Cleveland Browns
Njoku, DavidDavid Njoku
TE
Miami (FL)
ACC
from Green Bay [R1 - 10]

1
30
Pittsburgh Steelers
Watt, T. J.T. J. Watt
OLB
Wisconsin
Big Ten

1
31
San Francisco 49ers
Foster, ReubenReuben Foster
LB
Alabama
SEC
from Atlanta via Seattle [R1 - 11]

1
32
New Orleans Saints
Ramczyk, RyanRyan Ramczyk
OT
Wisconsin
Big Ten
from New England [R1 - 12]

2
33
Green Bay Packers
King, KevinKevin King
CB
Washington
Pac-12
from Cleveland [R2 - 1]

2
34
Jacksonville Jaguars
Robinson, CamCam Robinson
OT
Alabama
SEC
from San Francisco via Seattle [R2 - 2]

2
35
Seattle Seahawks
McDowell, MalikMalik McDowell
DT
Michigan State
Big Ten
from Jacksonville [R2 - 3]

2
36
Arizona Cardinals
Baker, BuddaBudda Baker †
S
Washington
Pac-12
from Chicago [R2 - 4]

2
37
Buffalo Bills
Jones, ZayZay Jones
WR
East Carolina
The American
from LA Rams [R2 - 5]

2
38
Los Angeles Chargers
Lamp, ForrestForrest Lamp
G
Western Kentucky
C-USA

2
39
New York Jets
Maye, MarcusMarcus Maye
S
Florida
SEC

2
40
Carolina Panthers
Samuel, CurtisCurtis Samuel
WR
Ohio State
Big Ten

2
41
Minnesota Vikings
Cook, DalvinDalvin Cook
RB
Florida State
ACC
from Cincinnati [R2 - 6]

2
42
New Orleans Saints
Williams, MarcusMarcus Williams
S
Utah
Pac-12

2
43
Philadelphia Eagles
Jones, SidneySidney Jones
CB
Washington
Pac-12

2
44
Los Angeles Rams
Everett, GeraldGerald Everett
TE
South Alabama
Sun Belt
from Buffalo [R2 - 7]

2
45
Chicago Bears
Shaheen, AdamAdam Shaheen
TE
Ashland
GLIAC
from Arizona [R2 - 8]

2
46
Indianapolis Colts
Wilson, QuincyQuincy Wilson
CB
Florida
SEC

2
47
Baltimore Ravens
Bowser, TyusTyus Bowser
OLB
Houston
The American

2
48
Cincinnati Bengals
Mixon, JoeJoe Mixon
RB
Oklahoma
Big 12
from Minnesota [R2 - 9]

2
49
Washington Redskins
Anderson, RyanRyan Anderson
OLB
Alabama
SEC

2
50
Tampa Bay Buccaneers
Evans, JustinJustin Evans
S
Texas A&M
SEC

2
51
Denver Broncos
Walker, DeMarcusDeMarcus Walker
DE
Florida State
ACC

2
52
Cleveland Browns
Kizer, DeShoneDeShone Kizer
QB
Notre Dame
Ind. (FBS)
from Tennessee [R2 - 10]

2
53
Detroit Lions
Tabor, TeezTeez Tabor
CB
Florida
SEC

2
54
Miami Dolphins
McMillan, RaekwonRaekwon McMillan
LB
Ohio State
Big Ten

2
55
New York Giants
Tomlinson, DalvinDalvin Tomlinson
DT
Alabama
SEC

2
56
Oakland Raiders
Melifonwu, ObiObi Melifonwu
S
Connecticut
The American

2
57
Houston Texans
Cunningham, ZachZach Cunningham
LB
Vanderbilt
SEC

2
58
Seattle Seahawks
Pocic, EthanEthan Pocic
C
LSU
SEC

2
59
Kansas City Chiefs
Kpassagnon, TanohTanoh Kpassagnon
DE
Villanova
CAA

2
60
Dallas Cowboys
Awuzie, ChidobeChidobe Awuzie
CB
Colorado
Pac-12

2
61
Green Bay Packers
Jones, JoshJosh Jones
S
NC State
ACC

2
62
Pittsburgh Steelers
Smith-Schuster, JuJuJuJu Smith-Schuster
WR
USC
Pac-12

2
63
Buffalo Bills
Dawkins, DionDion Dawkins
G
Temple
The American
from Atlanta [R2 - 11]

2
64
Carolina Panthers
Moton, TaylorTaylor Moton
G
Western Michigan
MAC
from New England [R2 - 12]

3
65
Cleveland Browns
Ogunjobi, LarryLarry Ogunjobi
DT
Charlotte
C-USA

3
66
San Francisco 49ers
Witherspoon, AhkelloAhkello Witherspoon
CB
Colorado
Pac-12

3
67
New Orleans Saints
Kamara, AlvinAlvin Kamara †
RB
Tennessee
SEC
from Chicago via San Francisco [R3 - 1]

3
68
Jacksonville Jaguars
Smoot, DawuaneDawuane Smoot
DE
Illinois
Big Ten

3
69
Los Angeles Rams
Kupp, CooperCooper Kupp
WR
Eastern Washington
Big Sky

3
70
Minnesota Vikings
Elflein, PatPat Elflein
C
Ohio State
Big Ten
from NY Jets  [R3 - 2]

3
71
Los Angeles Chargers
Feeney, DanDan Feeney
G
Indiana
Big Ten

3
72
Tennessee Titans
Taylor, TaywanTaywan Taylor
WR
Western Kentucky
C-USA
from Carolina via New England [R3 - 3]

3
73
Cincinnati Bengals
Willis, JordanJordan Willis
DE
Kansas State
Big 12

3
74
Baltimore Ravens
Wormley, ChrisChris Wormley
DE
Michigan
Big Ten
from Philadelphia [R3 - 4]

3
75
Atlanta Falcons
Riley, DukeDuke Riley
LB
LSU
SEC
from Buffalo [R3 - 5]

3
76
New Orleans Saints
Anzalone, AlexAlex Anzalone
LB
Florida
SEC

3
77
Carolina Panthers
Hall, DaeshonDaeshon Hall
DE
Texas A&M
SEC
from Arizona [R3 - 6]

3
78
Baltimore Ravens
Williams, TimTim Williams
OLB
Alabama
SEC

3
79
New York Jets
Stewart, ArDariusArDarius Stewart
WR
Alabama
SEC
from Minnesota  [R3 - 7]

3
80
Indianapolis Colts
Basham, TarellTarell Basham
DE
Ohio
MAC

3
81
Washington Redskins
Moreau, FabianFabian Moreau
CB
UCLA
Pac-12

3
82
Denver Broncos
Henderson, CarlosCarlos Henderson
WR
Louisiana Tech
C-USA

3
83
New England Patriots
Rivers, DerekDerek Rivers
DE
Youngstown State
MVFC
from Tennessee [R3 - 8]

3
84
Tampa Bay Buccaneers
Godwin, ChrisChris Godwin
WR
Penn State
Big Ten

3
85
New England Patriots
Garcia, AntonioAntonio Garcia
OT
Troy
Sun Belt
from Detroit [R3 - 9]

3
86
Kansas City Chiefs
Hunt, KareemKareem Hunt †
RB
Toledo
MAC
from Miami via Minnesota [R3 - 10]

3
87
New York Giants
Webb, DavisDavis Webb
QB
California
Pac-12

3
88
Oakland Raiders
Vanderdoes, EddieEddie Vanderdoes
DT
UCLA
Pac-12

3
89
Houston Texans
Foreman, D'OntaD'Onta Foreman
RB
Texas
Big 12

3
90
Seattle Seahawks
Griffin, ShaquillShaquill Griffin
CB
UCF
The American

3
91
Los Angeles Rams
Johnson, JohnJohn Johnson
S
Boston College
ACC
from Kansas City via Buffalo [R3 - 11]

3
92
Dallas Cowboys
Lewis, JourdanJourdan Lewis
CB
Michigan
Big Ten

3
93
Green Bay Packers
Adams, MontraviusMontravius Adams
DT
Auburn
SEC

3
94
Pittsburgh Steelers
Sutton, CameronCameron Sutton
CB
Tennessee
SEC

3
95
Seattle Seahawks
Hill, DelanoDelano Hill
S
Michigan
Big Ten
from Atlanta [R3 - 12]

3
96
Detroit Lions
Golladay, KennyKenny Golladay
WR
Northern Illinois
MAC
from New England [R3 - 13]

3*
97
Miami Dolphins
Tankersley, CordreaCordrea Tankersley
CB
Clemson
ACC

3*
98
Arizona Cardinals
Williams, ChadChad Williams
WR
Grambling State
SWAC
from Carolina [R3 - 14]

3*
99
Philadelphia Eagles
Douglas, RasulRasul Douglas
CB
West Virginia
Big 12
from Baltimore [R3 - 15]

3*
100
Tennessee Titans
Smith, JonnuJonnu Smith
TE
Florida International
C-USA
from LA Rams [R3 - 16]

3*
101
Denver Broncos
Langley, BrendanBrendan Langley
CB
Lamar
Southland

3*
102
Seattle Seahawks
Jones, NazairNazair Jones
DT
North Carolina
ACC

3*
103
New Orleans Saints
Hendrickson, TreyTrey Hendrickson
OLB
Florida Atlantic
C-USA
from Cleveland via New England [R3 - 17]

3*
104
San Francisco 49ers
Beathard, C. J.C. J. Beathard
QB
Iowa
Big Ten
from Kansas City via Minnesota [R3 - 18]

3*
105
Pittsburgh Steelers
Conner, JamesJames Conner
RB
Pittsburgh
ACC

3*
106
Seattle Seahawks
Darboh, AmaraAmara Darboh
WR
Michigan
Big Ten

3*
107
Tampa Bay Buccaneers
Beckwith, KendellKendell Beckwith
LB
LSU
SEC
from NY Jets [R3 - 19]

4
108
Green Bay Packers
Biegel, VinceVince Biegel
LB
Wisconsin
Big Ten
from Cleveland [R4 - 1]

4
109
Minnesota Vikings
Johnson, JaleelJaleel Johnson
DT
Iowa
Big Ten
from San Francisco [R4 - 2]

4
110
Jacksonville Jaguars
Westbrook, DedeDede Westbrook
WR
Oklahoma
Big 12

4
111
Seattle Seahawks
Thompson, TedricTedric Thompson
S
Colorado
Pac-12
from Chicago via San Francisco [R4 - 3]

4
112
Chicago Bears
Jackson, EddieEddie Jackson
S
Alabama
SEC
from LA Rams [R4 - 4]

4
113
Los Angeles Chargers
Jenkins, RayshawnRayshawn Jenkins
S
Miami (FL)
ACC

4
114
Washington Redskins
Perine, SamajeSamaje Perine
RB
Oklahoma
Big 12
from NY Jets [R4 - 5]

4
115
Arizona Cardinals
Johnson, DorianDorian Johnson
G
Pittsburgh
ACC
from Carolina [R4 - 6]

4
116
Cincinnati Bengals
Lawson, CarlCarl Lawson
DE
Auburn
SEC

4
117
Los Angeles Rams
Reynolds, JoshJosh Reynolds
WR
Texas A&M
SEC
from Buffalo via Chicago [R4 - 7]

4
117.5–
New England Patriots
Selection from New Orleans [R4 - 8] forfeited due to the Deflategate scandal.[Forfeited/Penalized 1]

4
118
Philadelphia Eagles
Hollins, MackMack Hollins
WR
North Carolina
ACC

4
119
Chicago Bears
Cohen, TarikTarik Cohen
RB
North Carolina A&T
MEAC
from Arizona [R4 - 9]

4
120
Minnesota Vikings
Gedeon, BenBen Gedeon
LB
Michigan
Big Ten

4
121
San Francisco 49ers
Williams, JoeJoe Williams
RB
Utah
Pac-12
from Indianapolis [R4 - 10]

4
122
Baltimore Ravens
Siragusa, NicoNico Siragusa
G
San Diego State
MW

4
123
Washington Redskins
Nicholson, MontaeMontae Nicholson
S
Michigan State
Big Ten

4
124
Detroit Lions
Reeves-Maybin, JalenJalen Reeves-Maybin
LB
Tennessee
SEC
from Tennessee via New England [R4 - 11]

4
125
Los Angeles Rams
Ebukam, SamsonSamson Ebukam
LB
Eastern Washington
Big Sky
from Tampa Bay via NY Jets [R4 - 12]

4
126
Cleveland Browns
Wilson, HowardHoward Wilson
CB
Houston
The American
from Denver [R4 - 13]

4
127
Detroit Lions
Roberts, MichaelMichael Roberts
TE
Toledo
MAC

4
128
Cincinnati Bengals
Malone, JoshJosh Malone
WR
Tennessee
SEC
from Miami via Minnesota [R4 - 14]

4
128.5–
New York Giants
Selection moved down twelve spots [Forfeited/Penalized 2]

4
129
Oakland Raiders
Sharpe, DavidDavid Sharpe
OT
Florida
SEC

4
130
Houston Texans
Davenport, JuliénJulién Davenport
OT
Bucknell
Patriot

4
131
New England Patriots
Wise Jr., DeatrichDeatrich Wise Jr.
DE
Arkansas
SEC
from Seattle [R4 - 15]

4
132
Philadelphia Eagles
Pumphrey, DonnelDonnel Pumphrey
RB
San Diego State
MW
from Kansas City via Minnesota [R4 - 16]

4
133
Dallas Cowboys
Switzer, RyanRyan Switzer
WR
North Carolina
ACC

4
134
Green Bay Packers
Williams, JamaalJamaal Williams
RB
BYU
Ind. (FBS)

4
135
Pittsburgh Steelers
Dobbs, JoshuaJoshua Dobbs
QB
Tennessee
SEC

4
136
Atlanta Falcons
Harlow, SeanSean Harlow
C
Oregon State
Pac-12

4
137
Indianapolis Colts
Banner, ZachZach Banner
G
USC
Pac-12
from New England [R4 - 17]

4*
138
Cincinnati Bengals
Glasgow, RyanRyan Glasgow
DT
Michigan
Big Ten

4*
139
Kansas City Chiefs
Chesson, JehuJehu Chesson
WR
Michigan
Big Ten
from Cleveland via Philadelphia and Minnesota [R4 - 18]

4
140
New York Giants
Gallman, WayneWayne Gallman
RB
Clemson
ACC
Selection dropped 12 spots (see above)

4*
141
New York Jets
Hansen, ChadChad Hansen
WR
California
Pac-12
from LA Rams [R4 - 19]

4*
142
Houston Texans
Watkins, CarlosCarlos Watkins
DT
Clemson
ACC
from Cleveland [R4 - 20]

4*
143
Indianapolis Colts
Mack, MarlonMarlon Mack
RB
South Florida
The American
from San Francisco  [R4 - 21]

4*
144
Indianapolis Colts
Stewart, GroverGrover Stewart
DT
Albany State
SIAC

5
145
Denver Broncos
Butt, JakeJake Butt
TE
Michigan
Big Ten
from Cleveland [R5 - 1]

5
146
San Francisco 49ers
Kittle, GeorgeGeorge Kittle
TE
Iowa
Big Ten

5
147
Chicago Bears
Morgan, JordanJordan Morgan
G
Kutztown
PSAC

5
148
Jacksonville Jaguars
Brown, BlairBlair Brown
LB
Ohio
MAC

5
149
Atlanta Falcons
Kazee, DamontaeDamontae Kazee
CB
San Diego State
MW
from LA Rams via Buffalo [R5 - 2]

5
150
New York Jets
Leggett, JordanJordan Leggett
TE
Clemson
ACC

5
151
Los Angeles Chargers
King, DesmondDesmond King
CB
Iowa
Big Ten

5
152
Carolina Panthers
Elder, CornCorn Elder
CB
Miami (FL)
ACC

5
153
Cincinnati Bengals
Elliott, JakeJake Elliott
K
Memphis
The American

5
154
Washington Redskins
Sprinkle, JeremyJeremy Sprinkle
TE
Arkansas
SEC
from New Orleans [R5 - 3]

5
155
Tennessee Titans
Brown, JayonJayon Brown
LB
UCLA
Pac-12
from Philadelphia [R5 - 4]

5
156
Atlanta Falcons
Hill, BrianBrian Hill
RB
Wyoming
MW
from Buffalo [R5 - 5]

5
157
Arizona Cardinals
Holden, WillWill Holden
OT
Vanderbilt
SEC

5
158
Indianapolis Colts
Hairston, NateNate Hairston
CB
Temple
The American

5
159
Baltimore Ravens
Eluemunor, JermaineJermaine Eluemunor
OT
Texas A&M
SEC

5
160
Cleveland Browns
Johnson, RoderickRoderick Johnson
OT
Florida State
ACC
from Minnesota via NY Jets [R5 - 6]

5
161
Indianapolis Colts
Walker Jr., AnthonyAnthony Walker Jr.
LB
Northwestern
Big Ten
from Washington via San Francisco [R5 - 7]

5
162
Tampa Bay Buccaneers
McNichols, JeremyJeremy McNichols
RB
Boise State
MW

5
163
Buffalo Bills
Milano, MattMatt Milano
LB
Boston College
ACC
from Denver via New England [R5 - 8]

5
164
Miami Dolphins
Asiata, IsaacIsaac Asiata
G
Utah
Pac-12
from Tennessee via Philadelphia [R5 - 9]

5
165
Detroit Lions
Agnew, JamalJamal Agnew
CB
San Diego
Pioneer

5
166
Philadelphia Eagles
Gibson, SheltonShelton Gibson
WR
West Virginia
Big 12
from Miami [R5 - 10]

5
167
New York Giants
Moss, AveryAvery Moss
DE
Youngstown State
MVFC

5
168
Oakland Raiders
Lee, MarquelMarquel Lee
LB
Wake Forest
ACC

5
169
Houston Texans
Decoud, TrestonTreston Decoud
CB
Oregon State
Pac-12

5
169.5–
Seattle Seahawks
Selection forfeited for violating off-season workout policies [Forfeited/Penalized 3]

5
170
Minnesota Vikings
Adams, RodneyRodney Adams
WR
South Florida
The American
from Kansas City [R5 - 11]

5
171
Buffalo Bills
Peterman, NathanNathan Peterman
QB
Pittsburgh
ACC
from Dallas [R5 - 12]

5
172
Denver Broncos
McKenzie, IsaiahIsaiah McKenzie
WR
Georgia
SEC
from Green Bay [R5 - 13]

5
173
Pittsburgh Steelers
Allen, BrianBrian Allen
CB
Utah
Pac-12

5
174
Atlanta Falcons
Saubert, EricEric Saubert
TE
Drake
Pioneer

5
175
Green Bay Packers
Yancey, DeAngeloDeAngelo Yancey
WR
Purdue
Big Ten
from New England via Cleveland and Denver [R5 - 14]

5*
176
Cincinnati Bengals
Dielman, J. J.J. J. Dielman
C
Utah
Pac-12

5*
177
San Francisco 49ers
Taylor, TrentTrent Taylor
WR
Louisiana Tech
C-USA
from Denver [R5 - 15]

5*
178
Miami Dolphins
Godchaux, DavonDavon Godchaux
DT
LSU
SEC

5*
179
Arizona Cardinals
Logan, T. J.T. J. Logan
RB
North Carolina
ACC

5*
180
Minnesota Vikings
Isidora, DannyDanny Isidora
G
Miami (FL)
ACC
from Kansas City [R5 - 16]

5*
181
New York Jets
Donahue, DylanDylan Donahue
DE
West Georgia
GSC
from Cleveland [R5 - 17]

5*
182
Green Bay Packers
Jones, AaronAaron Jones
RB
UTEP
C-USA

5*
183
Kansas City Chiefs
Eligwe, UkemeUkeme Eligwe
OLB
Georgia Southern
Sun Belt
from New England [R5 - 18]

5*
184
Philadelphia Eagles
Gerry, NathanNathan Gerry
S
Nebraska
Big Ten
from Miami [R5 - 19]

6
185
Cleveland Browns
Brantley, CalebCaleb Brantley
DT
Florida
SEC

6
186
Baltimore Ravens
Clark, ChuckChuck Clark
S
Virginia Tech
ACC
from San Francisco [R6 - 1]

6
187
Seattle Seahawks
Tyson, MikeMike Tyson
S
Cincinnati
The American
from Jacksonville [R6 - 2]

6
188
New York Jets
McGuire, ElijahElijah McGuire
RB
Louisiana-Lafayette
Sun Belt
from Chicago via Houston and Cleveland [R6 - 3]

6
189
Los Angeles Rams
Smart, TanzelTanzel Smart
DT
Tulane
The American

6
190
Los Angeles Chargers
Tevi, SamSam Tevi
OT
Utah
Pac-12

6
191
Dallas Cowboys
Woods, XavierXavier Woods
S
Louisiana Tech
C-USA
from NY Jets [R6 - 4]

6
192
Carolina Panthers
Armah, AlexanderAlexander Armah
FB
West Georgia
GSC

6
193
Cincinnati Bengals
Evans, JordanJordan Evans
ILB
Oklahoma
Big 12

6
194
Miami Dolphins
Taylor, VincentVincent Taylor
DT
Oklahoma State
Big 12
from Philadelphia [R6 - 5]

6
195
Buffalo Bills
Vallejo, TannerTanner Vallejo
OLB
Boise State
MW

6
196
New Orleans Saints
Muhammad, Al-QuadinAl-Quadin Muhammad
DE
Miami (FL)
ACC

6
197
New York Jets
Clark, JeremyJeremy Clark
CB
Michigan
Big Ten
from Arizona via Chicago and LA Rams [R6 - 6]

6
198
San Francisco 49ers
Jones, D. J.D. J. Jones
DT
Ole Miss
SEC
from Baltimore [R6 - 7]

6
199
Washington Redskins
Roullier, ChaseChase Roullier
C
Wyoming
MW
from Minnesota [R6 - 8]

6
200
New York Giants
Bisnowaty, AdamAdam Bisnowaty
OT
Pittsburgh
ACC
from Indianapolis via New England and Tennessee [R6 - 9]

6
201
Minnesota Vikings
Hodges, BuckyBucky Hodges
TE
Virginia Tech
ACC
from Washington [R6 - 10]

6
202
San Francisco 49ers
Taumoepenu, PitaPita Taumoepenu
DE
Utah
Pac-12
from Denver [R6 - 11]

6
203
Denver Broncos
Henderson, De'AngeloDe'Angelo Henderson
RB
Coastal Carolina
Ind. (FCS)
from Tennessee [R6 - 12]

6
204
New York Jets
Jones, DerrickDerrick Jones
CB
Ole Miss
SEC
from Tampa Bay [R6 - 13]

6
205
Detroit Lions
Ledbetter, JeremiahJeremiah Ledbetter
DE
Arkansas
SEC

6
206
Los Angeles Rams
Rogers, SamSam Rogers
FB
Virginia Tech
ACC
from Miami [R6 - 14]

6
207
Cincinnati Bengals
Wilson, BrandonBrandon Wilson
CB
Houston
The American
from NY Giants via Tennessee [R6 - 15]

6
208
Arizona Cardinals
Ford, RudyRudy Ford
S
Auburn
SEC
from Oakland [R6 - 16]

6
209
Washington Redskins
Davis, RobertRobert Davis
WR
Georgia State
Sun Belt
from Houston [R6 - 17]

6
210
Seattle Seahawks
Senior, JustinJustin Senior
OT
Mississippi State
SEC

6
210.5–
Kansas City Chiefs
Selection forfeited for violating the NFL's Anti-Tampering policy [Forfeited/Penalized 4]

6
211
New England Patriots
McDermott, ConorConor McDermott
OT
UCLA
Pac-12
from Dallas [R6 - 18]

6
212
Green Bay Packers
Amichia, KofiKofi Amichia
OT
South Florida
The American

6
213
Pittsburgh Steelers
Holba, ColinColin Holba
LS
Louisville
ACC

6
214
Philadelphia Eagles
Qualls, ElijahElijah Qualls
DT
Washington
Pac-12
from Atlanta via Tennessee [R6 - 19]

6
215
Detroit Lions
Kaaya, BradBrad Kaaya
QB
Miami (FL)
ACC
from New England [R6 - 20]

6*
216
Dallas Cowboys
White, MarquezMarquez White
CB
Florida State
ACC
from Kansas City via New England [R6 - 21]

6*
217
Tennessee Titans
Levin, CoreyCorey Levin
G
Chattanooga
SoCon
from Cincinnati [R6 - 22]

6*
218
Kansas City Chiefs
McQuay III, LeonLeon McQuay III
S
USC
Pac-12

7
219
Minnesota Vikings
Coley, StacyStacy Coley
WR
Miami (FL)
ACC
from Cleveland via San Francisco [R7 - 1]

7
220
Minnesota Vikings
Odenigbo, IfeadiIfeadi Odenigbo
DE
Northwestern
Big Ten
from San Francisco via Washington [R7 - 2]

7
221
Oakland Raiders
Luani, ShalomShalom Luani
S
Washington State
Pac-12
from Chicago via Arizona [R7 - 3]

7
222
Jacksonville Jaguars
Myrick, JalenJalen Myrick
CB
Minnesota
Big Ten

7
223
Tampa Bay Buccaneers
Tu'ikolovatu, StevieStevie Tu'ikolovatu
DT
USC
Pac-12
from LA Rams via Miami [R7 - 4]

7
224
Cleveland Browns
Gonzalez, ZaneZane Gonzalez
K
Arizona State
Pac-12
from NY Jets [R7 - 5]

7
225
Los Angeles Chargers
Rochell, IsaacIsaac Rochell
DE
Notre Dame
Ind. (FBS)

7
226
Seattle Seahawks
Moore, DavidDavid Moore
WR
East Central
GAC
from Carolina [R7 - 6]

7
227
Tennessee Titans
Carraway, JoshJosh Carraway
OLB
TCU
Big 12
from Cincinnati [R7 - 7]

7
228
Dallas Cowboys
Ivie, JoeyJoey Ivie
DT
Florida
SEC
from Buffalo [R7 - 8]

7
229
San Francisco 49ers
Colbert, AdrianAdrian Colbert
CB
Miami (FL)
ACC
from New Orleans[R7 - 9]

7
230
Washington Redskins
Harvey-Clemons, JoshJosh Harvey-Clemons
S
Louisville
ACC
from Philadelphia via Minnesota [R7 - 10]

7
231
Oakland Raiders
Ware, JylanJylan Ware
OT
Alabama State
SWAC
from Arizona [R7 - 11]

7
232
Minnesota Vikings
Lee, ElijahElijah Lee
OLB
Kansas State
Big 12

7
233
Carolina Panthers
Butker, HarrisonHarrison Butker
K
Georgia Tech
ACC
from Indianapolis via Cleveland [R7 - 12]

7
234
Los Angeles Rams
Price, EjuanEjuan Price
OLB
Pittsburgh
ACC
from Baltimore [R7 - 13]

7
235
Washington Redskins
Holsey, JoshuaJoshua Holsey
CB
Auburn
SEC

7
236
Tennessee Titans
Seaton, BradBrad Seaton
OT
Villanova
CAA

7
237
Miami Dolphins
Ford, IsaiahIsaiah Ford
WR
Virginia Tech
ACC
from Tampa Bay [R7 - 14]

7
238
Green Bay Packers
Mays, DevanteDevante Mays
RB
Utah State
MW
from Denver  [R7 - 15]

7
239
Dallas Cowboys
Brown, NoahNoah Brown
WR
Ohio State
Big Ten
from Detroit and New England [R7 - 16]

7
240
Jacksonville Jaguars
Williams, MarquezMarquez Williams
FB
Miami (FL)
ACC
from Miami [R7 - 17]

7
241
Tennessee Titans
Muhammad, KhalfaniKhalfani Muhammad
RB
California
Pac-12
from NY Giants [R7 - 18]

7
242
Oakland Raiders
Hood, ElijahElijah Hood
RB
North Carolina
ACC

7
243
Houston Texans
Fuller, KyleKyle Fuller
C
Baylor
Big 12

7
244
Oakland Raiders
Hester, TreyvonTreyvon Hester
DT
Toledo
MAC
from Seattle  [R7 - 19]

7
245
Minnesota Vikings
Tocho, JackJack Tocho
CB
NC State
ACC
from Kansas City [R7 - 20]

7
246
Dallas Cowboys
Carrell, JordanJordan Carrell
DT
Colorado
Pac-12

7
247
Green Bay Packers
Dupre, MalachiMalachi Dupre
WR
LSU
SEC

7
248
Pittsburgh Steelers
Adams, KeionKeion Adams
DE
Western Michigan
MAC

7
249
Seattle Seahawks
Carson, ChrisChris Carson
RB
Oklahoma State
Big 12
from Atlanta [R7 - 21]

7
250
Detroit Lions
O'Connor, PatPat O'Connor
DE
Eastern Michigan
MAC
from New England [R7 - 22]

7*
251
Cincinnati Bengals
Schreck, MasonMason Schreck
TE
Buffalo
MAC

7*
252
Cleveland Browns
Dayes, MatthewMatthew Dayes
RB
NC State
ACC
from Denver [R7 - 23]

7*
253
Denver Broncos
Kelly, ChadChad Kelly
QB
Ole Miss
SEC
Mr. Irrelevant

text: Summary[edit]

text: Selections by college athletic conference[edit]

text: The SEC led all conferences for the 11th year in a row with 53 selections.[8]

text:
Conference
Round 1
Round 2
Round 3
Round 4
Round 5
Round 6
Round 7
Total

NCAA Division I FBS football conferences

The American
1
4
1
2
3
4
0
15

ACC
4
3
4
6
8
8
10
43

Big 12
1
1
3
2
1
2
4
14

Big Ten
7
3
9
6
6
1
3
35

C-USA
0
1
5
0
2
1
0
9

Ind. (FBS)
0
1
0
1
0
0
1
3

MAC
1
1
3
1
1
0
4
11

MW
0
0
0
2
3
2
1
8

Pac-12
6
6
4
5
5
5
5
36

SEC
12
9
9
8
5
6
4
53

Sun Belt
0
1
1
0
1
2
0
5

NCAA Division I FCS football conferences

Big Sky
0
0
1
1
0
0
0
2

CAA
0
1
0
0
0
0
1
2

Ind. (FCS)
0
0
0
0
0
1
0
1

MEAC
0
0
0
1
0
0
0
1

MVFC
0
0
1
0
1
0
0
2

Patriot
0
0
0
1
0
0
0
1

Pioneer
0
0
0
0
2
0
0
2

SoCon
0
0
0
0
0
1
0
1

Southland
0
0
1
0
0
0
0
1

SWAC
0
0
1
0
0
0
1
2

Non-Division I football conferences

GAC (DII)
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
1

GLIAC (DII)
0
1
0
0
0
0
0
1

Gulf South (DII)
0
0
0
0
1
1
0
2

PSAC (DII)
0
0
0
0
1
0
0
1

SIAC (DII)
0
0
0
1
0
0
0
1

text: Schools with multiple draft selections[edit]

text: Michigan and Alabama set school records to lead the country with 11 and 10 picks respectively, marking the 2nd consecutive year a Big Ten school had the most.[9][10]

text:
Selections
Schools

11
Michigan

10
Alabama

9
Miami (FL)

8
Florida, LSU, Utah

7
Ohio State

6
Clemson, North Carolina, Tennessee

5
Pittsburgh, Texas A&M, UCLA, USC, Washington

4
Auburn, Colorado, Florida State, Iowa, Oklahoma, Ole Miss, Virginia Tech

3
Arkansas, California, Houston, Louisiana Tech, NC State, San Diego State, South Florida, Temple, Toledo, Western Michigan, Wisconsin

2
Boise State, Boston College, Eastern Washington, Kansas State, Louisville, Michigan State, Northwestern, Notre Dame, Ohio, Oklahoma State, Oregon State, Stanford, Vanderbilt, Villanova, West Georgia, West Virginia, Western Kentucky, Wyoming, Youngstown State

text: Selections by position[edit]

text:
Position
Round 1
Round 2
Round 3
Round 4
Round 5
Round 6
Round 7
Total

Center
0
1
1
1
1
1
1
6

Cornerback
5
5
8
1
7
4
4
34

Defensive end
6
2
6
2
2
3
4
25

Defensive tackle
0
2
4
4
1
5
4
20

Fullback
0
0
0
0
0
2
1
3

Guard
0
3
1
3
3
1
0
11

Kicker
0
0
0
0
1
0
2
3

Linebacker
5
4
5
4
6
2
3
29

Long snapper
0
0
0
0
0
1
0
1

Offensive tackle
2
1
1
2
3
5
2
16

Punter
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0

Quarterback
3
1
2
1
1
1
1
10

Running back
2
2
4
7
4
2
5
26

Safety
3
6
2
4
1
5
2
23

Tight end
3
2
1
1
5
1
1
14

Wide receiver
3
3
8
7
5
1
5
32

text:
Position
Round 1
Round 2
Round 3
Round 4
Round 5
Round 6
Round 7
Total

Offense
13
13
18
22
22
14
16
118

Defense
19
19
25
15
17
19
17
131

Special teams
0
0
0
0
1
1
2
4

text: Trades[edit]

text: In the explanations below, (PD) indicates trades completed prior to the start of the draft (i.e. Pre-Draft), while (D) denotes trades that took place during the 2017 draft. Please note that this is the first year where teams will be allowed to trade compensatory picks.

text:
Jump up ^ No. 2: San Francisco → Chicago (D). San Francisco traded their first-round selection (2nd) to Chicago in exchange for Chicago's first-, third-, and fourth-round selections (3rd, 67th, and 111th) as well as their third-round selection in 2018.[source 1]
Jump up ^ No. 3: Chicago → San Francisco (D). see No. 2: San Francisco → Chicago.[source 1]
Jump up ^ No. 5: Los Angeles Rams → Tennessee (PD). The Rams traded their first- and third-round selections, as well as their first-, two seconds-, and third-round selection in 2016 (15th, 43rd, 45th, and 76th) to Tennessee in exchange for a conditional seventh-round selection, as well as Tennessee's first-, fourth-, and sixth-round selection in 2016 (1st, 113th, and 177th). If the Rams receives a compensatory selection in the third round of the 2017 draft, the third-round pick sent to Tennessee will be the compensatory selection, not the standard third-round pick assigned to the Rams; otherwise, Tennessee will receive the Rams' regular third-round pick, and Tennessee's seventh-round pick will go to the Rams.[source 2]
Jump up ^ No. 10: Buffalo → Kansas City(D). Buffalo traded their first-round selection (10th) to Kansas City in exchange for Kansas City's first- and third-round selections (27th and 91st), as well as their first-round selection in 2018.[source 1]
Jump up ^ No. 12: multiple trades:
       No. 12: Philadelphia → Cleveland (PD). Philadelphia traded their first-round selection, as well as a first-, third-, and fourth-round selections in 2016 (8th, 77th, and 100th) and their second-round selection in 2018 to Cleveland in exchange for Cleveland's first-round selection in 2016 (2nd) and a conditional fifth-round selection in 2017. Since Cleveland received a compensatory fourth-round selection, it will go to Philadelphia. If it had not, Cleveland would have sent their fifth-round selection to Philadelphia. [source 3]
       No. 12: Cleveland → Houston (D).Cleveland traded a first-round selection (12th) to Houston in exchange for Houston's first-round selections (25th) as well as their first-round selection in 2018.[source 1]
Jump up ^ No. 14: Minnesota → Philadelphia (PD). Minnesota traded their first-round selection, as well as a conditional fourth-round selection in 2018, to Philadelphia in exchange for quarterback Sam Bradford.[source 4]
Jump up ^ No. 25: Houston → Cleveland (D). see No. 12: Cleveland → Houston.[source 1]
Jump up ^ No. 26: Seattle → Atlanta (D). Seattle traded their first-round selection (26th) to Atlanta in exchange for Atlanta's first-, third-, and seventh-round selections (31st, 95th, and 249th).[source 1]
Jump up ^ No. 27: Kansas City → Buffalo (D). see No. 10: Buffalo → Kansas City.[source 1]
Jump up ^ No. 29: Green Bay → Cleveland (D). Green Bay traded their first-round selection (29th) to Cleveland in exchange for Cleveland's second- and fourth-round selections (33rd and 108th).[source 1]
Jump up ^ No. 31: multiple trades:
       No. 31: Atlanta → Seattle (D). see No. 26: Seattle → Atlanta.[source 1]
       No. 31: Seattle → San Francisco (D). Seattle traded a first-round selection (31st) to San Francisco in exchange for San Francisco's second- and fourth-round selections (34th and 111th).[source 1]
Jump up ^ No. 32: New England → New Orleans (PD). New England traded their first- and third-round selections (32nd and 103rd) to New Orleans in exchange for wide receiver Brandin Cooks and New Orleans' fourth-round selection (118th).[source 5]

tag: ol

text:
Jump up ^ No. 33: Cleveland → Green Bay (D). see No. 29: Green Bay → Cleveland.[source 1]
Jump up ^ No. 34: multiple trades:
       No. 34: San Francisco → Seattle (D). see No. 31: Seattle → San Francisco.[source 1]
       No. 34: Seattle → Jacksonville (D). Seattle traded a second-round selection (34th) to Jacksonville in exchange for Jacksonville's second- and sixth-round selections (35th and 187th).[source 1]
Jump up ^ No. 35: Jacksonville → Seattle (D). see No. 34: Seattle → Jacksonville.[source 1]
Jump up ^ No. 36: Chicago → Arizona (D). Chicago traded their second- and seventh-round selections (36th and 221st) to Arizona in exchange for Arizona's second-, fourth-, and sixth-round selections (45th, 119th, and 197th) as well as a fourth-round selection in 2018.[source 1]
Jump up ^ No. 37: Los Angeles Rams → Buffalo (D). The Rams traded their second- and fifth-round selections (37th and 149th) to Buffalo in exchange for Buffalo's second- and third-round selections (44th and 91st).[source 1]
Jump up ^ No. 41: Cincinnati → Minnesota (D). Cincinnati traded their second-round selections (41st) to Minnesota in exchange for Minnesota's second- and fourth-round selections (48th and 128th).[source 1]
Jump up ^ No. 44: Buffalo → Los Angeles Rams (D). see No. 37: Los Angeles Rams → Buffalo.[source 1]
Jump up ^ No. 45: Arizona → Chicago (D). see No. 36: Chicago → Arizona.[source 1]
Jump up ^ No. 48: Minnesota → Cincinnati (D). see No. 41: Cincinnati → Minnesota.[source 1]
Jump up ^ No. 52: Tennessee → Cleveland (PD). Tennessee traded their second-round selection, along with their first-round selection (15th) and third-round selection (76th) in 2016 to Cleveland in exchange for Cleveland's first-round selection (8th) and sixth-round selection (176th) in 2016.[source 6]
Jump up ^ No. 63: Atlanta → Buffalo (D). Atlanta traded their second-round selection (63rd) to Buffalo in exchange for Buffalo's third-round selection (75th) and two fifth-round selections (149th and 156th).[source 1]
Jump up ^ No. 64: New England → Carolina (PD). New England traded their second-round selection (64th) to Carolina in exchange for Carolina's third-round selection (72nd) and defensive end Kony Ealy.[source 7]

text:
Jump up ^ No. 67: multiple trades:
       No. 67: Chicago → San Francisco (D). see No. 2: San Francisco → Chicago.
       No. 67: San Francisco → New Orleans (D). San Francisco traded their third-round selection (67th) to New Orleans in exchange for New Orleans's seventh-round selection (229th) and their 2018 second-round selection.[source 1]
Jump up ^ No. 70: New York Jets → Minnesota (D). The Jets traded their third-round selection (70th) to Minnesota in exchange for Minnesota ‘s third- and fifth-round selections (79th and 160th).[source 1]
Jump up ^ No. 72: multiple trades:
       No. 72: Carolina → New England (PD). see No. 64: New England → Carolina.[source 7]
       No. 72: New England → Tennessee (D). New England traded their third-round selection (72nd) to Tennessee in exchange for Tennessee's third- and fourth- selections (83rd and 124th).[source 1]
Jump up ^ No. 74: Philadelphia → Baltimore (PD). Philadelphia traded their third-round selection (74th) to Baltimore in exchange for Baltimore's third-round compensatory selection (99th) and defensive tackle Timmy Jernigan.[source 8]
Jump up ^ No. 75: Buffalo → Atlanta (D). see No. 63: Atlanta → Buffalo.[source 1]
Jump up ^ No. 77: Arizona → Carolina (D). Arizona traded their third-round selection (77th) to Carolina in exchange for Carolina's third- and fourth-round selections (98th and 115th).[source 9]
Jump up ^ No. 79: Minnesota → New York Jets (D). see No. 70: New York Jets → Minnesota.[source 1]
Jump up ^ No. 83: Tennessee → New England (D). see No. 72: New England → Tennessee.[source 1]
Jump up ^ No. 85: Detroit → New England (D). Detroit traded their third-round selection (85th) to New England in exchange for New England's third- and fourth-round selections (96th and 124th).[source 10]
Jump up ^ No. 86: multiple trades:
       No. 86: Miami → Minnesota (PD). Miami traded their third- and fourth-round selections as well as their sixth-round selection in 2016 (186th) to Minnesota in exchange for Minnesota's third-round selection in 2016 (86th). If Miami had received a fourth-round compensatory selection, that pick would have gone to Minnesota instead of Miami's original fourth-round selection (No. 129).[source 6]
       No. 86: Minnesota → Kansas City (D).Minnesota traded a third-round selection (86th) to Kansas City in exchange for Kansas City's third-, fourth-, and seventh-round selections (104th, 132nd, and 245th).[source 1]
Jump up ^ No. 91: multiple trades:
       No. 91: Kansas City → Buffalo (D). see No. 10: Buffalo → Kansas City.[source 1]
       No. 91: Buffalo → Los Angeles Rams (D). see No. 37: Los Angeles Rams → Buffalo.[source 1]
Jump up ^ No. 95: Atlanta → Seattle (D). see No. 26: Seattle → Atlanta.[source 1]
Jump up ^ No. 96: New England → Detroit (D). see No. 85: Detroit → New England.[source 10]
Jump up ^ No. 98: Carolina → Arizona (D). see No. 77: Arizona → Carolina.[source 9]
Jump up ^ No. 99: Baltimore → Philadelphia (PD). see No. 74: Philadelphia → Baltimore.[source 8]
Jump up ^ No. 100: Los Angeles Rams → Tennessee (PD). see No. 5: Los Angeles Rams → Tennessee [source 2]
Jump up ^ No. 103: multiple trades:
       No. 103: Cleveland → New England (PD). Cleveland traded their third-round compensatory selection to New England in exchange for linebacker Jamie Collins.[source 11]
       No. 103: New England → New Orleans (PD). see No. 32: New England → New Orleans.[source 5]
Jump up ^ No. 104: multiple trades:
       No. 104: Kansas City → Minnesota (D). see No. 86: Minnesota → Kansas City.[source 1]
       No. 104: Minnesota → San Francisco (D). Minnesota traded their third-round selection (104th) to San Francisco in exchange for San Francisco's fourth- and seventh-round selections (109th and 219th).[source 1]
Jump up ^ No. 107: New York Jets → Tampa Bay (D). The Jets traded their third-round selection (107th) to Tampa Bay in exchange for Tampa Bay's fourth- and sixth-round selections (125th and 204th).[source 12]

text:
Jump up ^ No. 108: Cleveland → Green Bay (D). see No. 29: Green Bay → Cleveland.[source 1]
Jump up ^ No. 109: San Francisco → Minnesota (D). see No. 104: Minnesota → San Francisco.[source 1]
Jump up ^ No. 111: multiple trades:
       No. 111: Chicago → San Francisco (D). see No. 2: San Francisco → Chicago.[source 1]
       No. 111: San Francisco → Seattle (D). see No. 31: Seattle → San Francisco.[source 1]
Jump up ^ No. 112: LA Rams → Chicago (D). The Rams traded their fourth-round selection (112nd) to Chicago in exchange for Chicago's fourth- and sixth-round selections (117th and 197th).[source 13]
Jump up ^ No. 114: New York Jets → Washington (PD). The Jets traded their fourth-round selection to Washington in exchange for Washington's 2016 fifth-round selection (158th).[source 6]
Jump up ^ No. 115: Carolina → Arizona (D). see No. 77: Arizona → Carolina.[source 9]
Jump up ^ No. 117: multiple trades:
       No. 117: Buffalo → Chicago (PD). Buffalo traded their fourth-round selection, along with their 2016 second- and fourth-round selections (49th and 117th) to Chicago in exchange for Chicago's 2016 second-round selection (41st).[source 6]
       No. 117: Chicago → LA Rams (D). see No. 112: LA Rams → Chicago.[source 13]
Jump up ^ New Orleans → New England (PD). see No. 32: New England → New Orleans.[source 5]
Jump up ^ No. 119: Arizona → Chicago (D). see No. 36: Chicago → Arizona.[source 1]
Jump up ^ No. 121: Indianapolis → San Francisco (D). The Colts traded their fourth-round selection (121st) to San Francisco in exchange for San Francisco's fourth- and fifth-round selections (143rd and 161st).[source 15]
Jump up ^ No. 124: multiple trades:
       No. 124: Tennessee → New England (D). see No. 72: New England → Tennessee.[source 1]
       No. 124: New England → Detroit (D). see No. 85: Detroit → New England.[source 10]
Jump up ^ No. 125: multiple trades:
       No. 125: Tampa Bay → NY Jets (D). see No. 107: NY Jets → Tampa Bay.[source 12]
       No. 125: NY Jets → LA Rams (D). The New York Jets traded their fourth-round selection (125th) to the Los Angeles Rams in exchange for Los Angeles's fourth- and sixth-round selections (141st and 197th).[source 16]
Jump up ^ No. 126: Denver → Cleveland (D). Denver traded their fourth- and seventh-round selections (126th and 252nd) to Cleveland in exchange for Cleveland's two fifth-round selections (145th and 175th).[source 1]
Jump up ^ No. 128: multiple trades:
       No. 128: Miami → Minnesota (PD). see No. 86: Miami → Minnesota.[source 6]
       No. 128: Minnesota → Cincinnati (D). see No. 41: Cincinnati → Minnesota.[source 1]
Jump up ^ No. 131: Seattle → New England (PD). Seattle traded their fourth-round selection, along with their 2016 seventh-round selection (225th) to New England in exchange for New England's 2016 fifth- and seventh-round selections (147th and 243rd).[source 6]
Jump up ^ No. 132: multiple trades:
       No. 132: Kansas City → Minnesota (D). see No. 86: Minnesota → Kansas City.[source 1]
       No. 132: Minnesota → Philadelphia (D). Minnesota traded their fourth-round selection (132nd) to Philadelphia in exchange for Philadelphia's fourth- and seventh-round selections (139th and 230th).[source 1]
Jump up ^ No. 137: New England→ Indianapolis (PD). New England traded a fourth-round selection (137th) to Indianapolis in exchange for a sixth-round selection (200th) and tight end Dwayne Allen.[source 18]
Jump up ^ No. 139: multiple trades:
       No. 139: Cleveland → Philadelphia (PD). see No. 12: Philadelphia → Cleveland (round one).[source 3]
       No. 139: Philadelphia → Minnesota (D). see No. 132: Minnesota → Philadelphia.[source 1]
       No 139: Minnesota → Kansas City (D). Minnesota traded a fourth-round selection (139th) to Kansas City in exchange for two fifth-round selections (170th and 180th).[source 19]
Jump up ^ No. 141: LA Rams → NY Jets (D). see No. 125: NY Jets → LA Rams.[source 16]
Jump up ^ No. 142: Cleveland → Houston (PD). Cleveland traded a fourth-round compensatory selection (142nd) to Houston in exchange for Houston's sixth-round selection (188th), 2018 second-round selection, and quarterback Brock Osweiler.[source 20]
Jump up ^ No. 143: San Francisco → Indianapolis (D). see No. 121: Indianapolis → San Francisco.[source 15]

text:
Jump up ^ No. 145: Cleveland → Denver (D). see No. 126: Denver → Cleveland.[source 1]
Jump up ^ No. 149: multiple trades:
       No. 149: LA Rams → Buffalo (D). see No. 37: Los Angeles Rams → Buffalo.[source 1]
       No. 149: Buffalo → Atlanta (D). see No. 63: Atlanta → Buffalo.[source 1]
Jump up ^ No. 154: New Orleans → Washington (PD). New Orleans traded their fifth-round selection, along with their fifth-round selection in 2016 (152nd) to Washington in exchange for Washington's fourth-round selection in 2016 (120th).[source 6]
Jump up ^ No. 155: Philadelphia → Tennessee (D). Philadelphia traded their fifth-round selection (155th) to Tennessee in exchange for Tennessee's fifth- and sixth-round selections (164th and 214th).[source 1]
Jump up ^ No. 156: Buffalo → Atlanta (D). see No. 63: Atlanta → Buffalo.[source 1]
Jump up ^ No. 160: multiple trades:
       No. 160: Minnesota → New York Jets (D). see No. 70: New York Jets → Minnesota.[source 1]
       No. 160: NY Jets → Cleveland (D).The New York Jets traded their fifth- and seventh-round selections (160th and 224th)) to Cleveland in exchange for Cleveland's fifth- and sixth-round selections (181st and 188th).[source 1]
Jump up ^ No. 161: multiple trades:
       No. 161: Washington → San Francisco (PD).Washington traded their fifth-round selection to San Francisco in exchange for San Francisco's 2017 seventh-round selection and tight end Derek Carrier.[source 21]
       No. 161: San Francisco → Indianapolis (D). see No. 121: Indianapolis → San Francisco.[source 15]
Jump up ^ No. 163: multiple trades:
       No. 163: Denver → New England (PD). Denver traded this selection to New England in exchange for tight end A. J. Derby.[source 22]
       No. 163: New England → Buffalo (PD). New England gave this selection to Buffalo in exchange for signing RFA running back Mike Gillislee.[source 23]
Jump up ^ No. 164: multiple trades:
       No. 164: Tennessee → Philadelphia (D). see No. 155: Philadelphia → Tennessee.[source 1]
       No. 164: Philadelphia → Miami (D).Philadelphia traded a fifth- and sixth-round selection (164th and 194th) to Miami in exchange for Miami's to fifth-round selections (166th and 184th).[source 1]
Jump up ^ No. 166: Miami → Philadelphia (D). see No. 164: Philadelphia → Miami.[source 1]
Jump up ^ No. 170: Kansas City → Minnesota (D). see No. 139: Minnesota → Kansas City.[source 19]
Jump up ^ No. 171: Dallas → Buffalo (PD). Dallas traded their fifth-round selection to Buffalo in exchange for Buffalo's seventh-round selection and quarterback Matt Cassel.[source 25]
Jump up ^ No. 172: Green Bay → Denver (D). Green Bay traded their fifth-round selection (172nd) to Denver in exchange for Denver's fifth- and seventh-round selections (175th and 238th).[source 1]
Jump up ^ No. 175: multiple trades:
       No. 175: New England → Cleveland (PD). New England traded their fifth-round selection to Cleveland in exchange for linebacker Barkevious Mingo.[source 26]
       No. 175: Cleveland → Denver (D). see No. 126: Denver → Cleveland.[source 1]
       No. 175: Denver → Green Bay (D). see No. 172: Green Bay → Denver.[source 1]
Jump up ^ No. 177: Denver → San Francisco (D). San Francisco traded their fourth-round selection in 2018 to Denver in exchange for Denver's fifth-round selections (177th) and running back Kapri Bibbs.[source 1]
Jump up ^ No. 180: Kansas City → Minnesota (D). see No. 139: Minnesota → Kansas City.[source 19]
Jump up ^ No. 181: Cleveland → NY Jets (D). see No. 160: NY Jets → Cleveland.[source 1]
Jump up ^ No. 183: New England → Kansas City (D). New England traded their fifth-round selection (183rd) to Kansas City in exchange for Kansas City's sixth-round selection (216th) and tight end James O'Shaughnessy.[source 1]
Jump up ^ No. 184: Miami → Philadelphia (D). see No. 164: Philadelphia → Miami.[source 1]

text:
Jump up ^ No. 186: San Francisco → Baltimore (PD). San Francisco traded their sixth-round selection (186th) to Baltimore Ravens in exchange for Baltimore's sixth-round selection (198th) and center Jeremy Zuttah.[source 27]
Jump up ^ No. 187: Jacksonville → Seattle (D). see No. 34: Seattle → Jacksonville.[source 1]
Jump up ^ No. 188: multiple trades:
       No. 188: Chicago → Houston (PD). Chicago traded their sixth-round selection to Houston in exchange for tight end Khari Lee.[source 28]
       No. 188: Houston → Cleveland (PD). see No. 142: Cleveland → Houston.[source 20]
       No. 188: Cleveland → NY Jets (D). see No. 160: NY Jets → Cleveland.[source 1]
Jump up ^ No. 191: NY Jets → Dallas (D). The New York Jets traded their sixth-round selection (191st) to Dallas in exchange for Dallas's fifth-round selection in 2018.[source 1]
Jump up ^ No. 194: Philadelphia → Miami (D). see No. 164: Philadelphia → Miami.[source 1]
Jump up ^ No. 197: multiple trades:
       No. 197: Arizona → Chicago (D). see No. 36: Chicago → Arizona.[source 1]
       No. 197: Chicago → LA Rams (D). see No. 112: LA Rams → Chicago.[source 13]
       No. 197: LA Rams → NY Jets (D). see No. 125: NY Jets → LA Rams.[source 16]
Jump up ^ No. 198: Baltimore → San Francisco (PD). see No. 186: San Francisco → Baltimore.[source 27]
Jump up ^ No. 199: Minnesota → Washington (D). Minnesota traded their sixth- and seventh-round selections (199th and 230th) to Washington in exchange for Washington's sixth- and seventh-round selections (201st and 220th).[source 1]
Jump up ^ No. 200: multiple trades:
       No. 200: Indianapolis→ New England (PD). see No. 137: New England→ Indianapolis (round four).[source 18]
       No. 200: New England → Tennessee (D). see No. 72: New England → Tennessee.[source 1]
       No. 200: Tennessee → NY Giants (D). Tennessee traded their sixth-round selection (200th) to NY Giants in exchange for New York's sixth- and seventh-round selections (207th and 241st).[source 1]
Jump up ^ No. 201: Washington → Minnesota (D). see No. 199: Minnesota → Washington.[source 1]
Jump up ^ No. 202: Denver → San Francisco (PD). Denver traded their sixth-round selection, along with their sixth-round selection in 2016 (207th) to San Francisco in exchange for San Francisco's seventh-round selection in 2016 (228th) and tight end Vernon Davis.[source 29]
Jump up ^ No. 203: Tennessee → Denver (PD). Tennessee traded their sixth-round selection, along with their sixth-round selection in 2016 (176th) to Denver in exchange for Denver's fifth- and seventh-round selections in 2016 (157th and 253th).[source 6]
Jump up ^ No. 204: Tampa Bay → New York Jets (D). see No. 107: New York Jets → Tampa Bay.[source 12]
Jump up ^ No. 206: Miami → Los Angeles Rams (PD). Miami traded their sixth-round selection (206th) to the Rams in exchange for the Ram's seventh-round selection (223rd) and defensive end William Hayes.[source 30]
Jump up ^ No. 207: multiple trades:
       No. 207: NY Giants → Tennessee (D). see No. 200: Tennessee → NY Giants.[source 1]
       No. 207: Tennessee → Cincinnati (D).Tennessee traded a sixth-round selection (207th) to Cincinnati in exchange for Cincinnati's sixth- and seventh-round selections (217th and 227th).[source 1]
Jump up ^ No. 208: Oakland → Arizona (D). Oakland traded their sixth-round selection (208th) to Arizona in exchange for Arizona's sixth- and seventh-round selections (221st and 231st).[source 1]
Jump up ^ No. 209: Houston → Washington (PD). Houston traded their sixth-round selection, along with their first-round selection in 2016 (22nd) to Washington in exchange for Washington's first-round selection in 2016 (21st).[source 6]
Jump up ^ No. 211: Dallas → New England (D). Dallas traded their sixth-round selection (211th) to New England in exchange for New England's sixth- and seventh-round selections (216st and 239st).[source 1]
Jump up ^ No. 214: multiple trades:
       No. 214: Atlanta → Tennessee (PD). Atlanta traded a 2016 sixth-round selection and a conditional sixth-round selection in 2017 to Tennessee in exchange for guard Andy Levitre.[source 32]
       No. 214: Tennessee → Philadelphia (D). see No. 155: Philadelphia → Tennessee.[source 1]
Jump up ^ No. 215: New England → Detroit (PD). New England traded their sixth-round selection to Detroit in exchange for Detroit's 2017 seventh-round selection and linebacker Kyle Van Noy.[source 33]
Jump up ^ No. 216: multiple trades:
       No. 216: Kansas City → New England (D). see No. 183: New England → Kansas City.[source 1]
       No. 216: New England → Dallas (D). see No. 211: Dallas → New England.[source 1]
Jump up ^ No. 217: Cincinnati → Tennessee (D). see No. 207: Tennessee → Cincinnati.[source 1]

text:
Jump up ^ No. 219: multiple trades:
       No. 219: Cleveland → San Francisco (PD). Cleveland traded their seventh-round selection to San Francisco in exchange for punter Andy Lee.[source 34]
       No. 219: San Francisco → Minnesota (D). see No. 104: Minnesota → San Francisco.[source 1]
Jump up ^ No. 220: multiple trades:
       No. 220: San Francisco → Washington (PD). see No. 161: Washington → San Francisco.[source 21]
       No. 220: Washington → Minnesota (D). see No. 199: Minnesota → Washington.[source 1]
Jump up ^ No. 221: multiple trades:
       No. 221: Chicago → Arizona (D). see No. 36: Chicago → Arizona.[source 1]
       No. 221: Arizona → Oakland (D). see No. 208: Oakland → Arizona.[source 1]
Jump up ^ No. 223: multiple trades:
       No. 223: Miami → Tampa Bay (D). Miami traded their seventh-round selection (223rd) to Miami in exchange for Miami's seventh-round selections (237th) as well as their seventh-round selection in 2018.[source 1]
Jump up ^ No. 224: NY Jets → Cleveland (D). see No. 160: NY Jets → Cleveland.[source 1]
Jump up ^ No. 226: Carolina → Seattle (PD). Carolina traded their seventh-round selection to Seattle in exchange for wide receiver Kevin Norwood on the condition that he made Carolina's roster, which he did.[source 35]
Jump up ^ No. 227: Cincinnati → Tennessee (D). see No. 207: Tennessee → Cincinnati.[source 1]
Jump up ^ No. 228: Buffalo → Dallas (PD). see Dallas → Buffalo (round five).[source 25]
Jump up ^ No. 229: New Orleans→ San Francisco (D). see No. 67: San Francisco → New Orleans.
Jump up ^ No. 230: multiple trades:
       No. 230: Philadelphia → Minnesota (D). see No. 132: Minnesota → Philadelphia.[source 1]
        No. 230: Minnesota → Washington (D). see No. 199: Minnesota → Washington.[source 1]
Jump up ^ No. 231: Arizona → Oakland (D). see No. 208: Oakland → Arizona.[source 1]
Jump up ^ No. 233: multiple trades:
       No. 233: Indianapolis → Cleveland (PD). Indianapolis traded their seventh-round selection to Cleveland in exchange for defensive end Billy Winn.[source 36]
       No. 233: Cleveland → Carolina (PD). Cleveland traded their seventh-round selection and punter Andy Lee to Carolina in exchange for punter Kasey Redfern and Carolina's fourth-round selection in 2018.[source 37]
Jump up ^ No. 234: Baltimore → Los Angeles Rams (PD). Baltimore traded their 2017 seventh-round selection to the Rams in exchange for wide receiver Chris Givens.[source 38]
Jump up ^ No. 237: Tampa Bay → Miami (D). see No. 223: Miami → Tampa Bay.[source 1]
Jump up ^ No. 238: Denver → Green Bay (D). see No. 172: Green Bay → Denver.[source 1]
Jump up ^ No. 239: multiple trades:
       No. 239: Detroit → New England (PD). see No. 215: New England → Detroit.[source 33]
       No. 239: New England → Dallas (D). see No. 211: Dallas → New England.[source 1]
Jump up ^ No. 240: Miami → Jacksonville (PD). Miami traded a seventh-round selection (240th) to Jacksonville in exchange for tight end Julius Thomas.[source 39]
Jump up ^ No. 241: NY Giants → Tennessee (D). see No. 200: Tennessee → NY Giants.[source 1]
Jump up ^ No. 244: Seattle → Oakland (PD). Seattle traded a conditional seventh-round selection to Oakland in exchange for defensive back Dewey McDonald.[source 40]
Jump up ^ No. 245: Kansas City → Minnesota (D). see No. 86: Minnesota → Kansas City.[source 1]
Jump up ^ No. 249: Atlanta → Seattle (D). see No. 26: Seattle → Atlanta.[source 1]
Jump up ^ No. 250: New England → Detroit (PD). New England traded their 2017 seventh-round selection to Detroit in exchange for tight end Michael Williams.[source 41]
Jump up ^ No. 252: Denver → Cleveland (D). see No. 126: Denver → Cleveland.[source 1]

text: Forfeited/penalized picks[edit]

text:
Jump up ^ The New England Patriots forfeited their highest fourth-round selection due to the Deflategate scandal. The team also forfeited a 2016 first-round selection.[source 14]
Jump up ^ The New York Giants fourth-round selection was moved to the back of the fourth round, after all of the compensatory draft picks (but no more than 12 picks) for illegal use of a walkie-talkie on their sideline during week 14 of the 2016 season. This pick will be no worse than the 35th pick of the fourth round, after the other 30 regular picks (New England's fourth round pick was forfeited due to Deflategate) and no more than 4 compensatory picks.[source 17]
Jump up ^ The Seattle Seahawks forfeited their fifth-round selection for violating the NFL's collective bargaining agreement regarding off-season workout policies.[source 24]
Jump up ^ The Kansas City Chiefs forfeited their sixth-round selection for violating the NFL's Anti-Tampering policy during the 2015 free agency period. The team also forfeited a 2016 third-round selection.[source 31]


question_text: who took control of jamestown and made new rules that made everyone work

root

text: New Testament[edit]

text: The aphorism is found in the Second Epistle of Paul the Apostle (with Silvanus and Timothy) to the Thessalonians, in which Paul writes:

tag: p

text: that is,

text: The Greek phrase οὐ θέλει ἐργᾰ́ζεσθαι ou thélei ergázesthai means "is not willing to work". Other English translations render this as "would"[2] or "will not work",[3] which may confuse readers unaccustomed to this use of the verb "will" in the archaic sense of "want to, desire to".

text: Jamestown[edit]

text: In the spring of 1609, John Smith cited the aphorism to the colonists of Jamestown:

text: Countrymen, the long experience of our late miseries I hope is sufficient to persuade everyone to a present correction of himself, And think not that either my pains nor the adventurers' purses will ever maintain you in idleness and sloth...

text: ...the greater part must be more industrious, or starve...

text: You must obey this now for a law, that he that will not work shall not eat (except by sickness he be disabled). For the labors of thirty or forty honest and industrious men shall not be consumed to maintain a hundred and fifty idle loiterers.[4]

text: Soviet Union[edit]

text: According to Vladimir Lenin, "He who does not work shall not eat" is a necessary principle under socialism, the preliminary phase of the evolution towards communist society. The phrase appears in his 1917 work, The State and Revolution. Through this slogan Lenin explains that in socialist states only productive individuals could be allowed access to the articles of consumption.

text: The socialist principle, "He who does not work shall not eat", is already realized; the other socialist principle, "An equal amount of products for an equal amount of labor", is also already realized. But this is not yet communism, and it does not yet abolish "bourgeois law", which gives unequal individuals, in return for unequal (really unequal) amounts of labor, equal amounts of products.

text: This is a "defect" according to Marx, but it is unavoidable in the first phase of communism; for if we are not to indulge in utopianism, we must not think that having overthrown capitalism people will at once learn to work for society without any rules of law. (Chapter 5, Section 3, "The First Phase of Communist Society")

text: In accordance with Lenin’s understanding of the socialist state, article twelve of the 1936 Soviet Constitution states:

text: In the USSR work is a duty and a matter of honor for every able-bodied citizen, in accordance with the principle: “He who does not work, neither shall he eat.”

text: In Lenin’s writing, this was not so much directed at lazy or unproductive workers,[5][6] but rather the bourgeoisie. (Marxist theory defines the bourgeoisie as the group of those who buy the labor-power of workers and engage it in the process of production, deriving profits from the surplus value thus expropriated. Once communism was realised, that is, after the abolition of property and the law of value, no-one would live off the labor of others.[7])

text: Neither did the principle apply to those rendered incapable of work by old age or disability. These groups would have a right to society's products because they were not at fault for their condition. The elderly, in particular, had worked during their youth, and so could not be denied life’s basic necessities. The Soviet state would then, at least theoretically, provide a basic level of social security.[8]

text: The principle was enunciated in the Russian Constitution of 1918.

text: Leon Trotsky wrote that: "The old principle: who does not work shall not eat, has been replaced with a new one: who does not obey shall not eat."[9][10]


document_title: Thermoregulation

question_text: when does body temperature tend to be lowest

text: Thermoregulation

text: Classification of animals by thermal characteristics[edit]

text: This section does not cite any sources. Please help improve this section by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. (March 2016) (Learn how and when to remove this template message)

tag: table

text: Endothermy vs. ectothermy[edit]

text: Thermoregulation in organisms runs along a spectrum from endothermy to ectothermy. Endotherms create most of their heat via metabolic processes, and are colloquially referred to as warm-blooded. When the surrounding temperatures are cold, endotherms increase metabolic heat production to keep their body temperature constant, thus making the internal body temperature of an endotherm more or less independent of the temperature of the environment.[6] One metabolic activity, in terms of generating heat, that endotherms are able to do is that they possess a larger number of mitochondria per cell than ectotherms, enabling them to generate more heat by increasing the rate at which they metabolize fats and sugars.[7] Ectotherms use external sources of temperature to regulate their body temperatures. They are colloquially referred to as cold-blooded despite the fact that body temperatures often stay within the same temperature ranges as warm-blooded animals. Ectotherms are the opposite of endotherms when it comes to regulating internal temperatures. In ectotherms, the internal physiological sources of heat are of negligible importance; the biggest factor that enables them to maintain adequate body temperatures is due to environmental influences. Living in areas that maintain a constant temperature throughout the year, like the tropics or the ocean, have enabled ectotherms to develop a wide range of behavioral mechanisms that enable them to respond to external temperatures, such as sun-bathing to increase body temperature, or seeking the cover of shade to lower body temperature.[7][6]

text: Ectotherms[edit]

text: Ectothermic cooling[edit]

text:
Vaporization:

Evaporation of sweat and other bodily fluids.

Convection:

Increasing blood flow to body surfaces to maximize heat transfer across the advective gradient.

Conduction:

Losing heat by being in contact with a colder surface. For instance:

Lying on cool ground.
Staying wet in a river, lake or sea.
Covering in cool mud.

Radiation:

releasing heat by radiating it away from the body.

tag: ul

text: Ectothermic heating (or minimizing heat loss)[edit]

text:
Convection:

Climbing to higher ground up trees, ridges, rocks.
Entering a warm water or air current.
Building an insulated nest or burrow.

text:
Conduction:

Lying on a hot surface.

Radiation:

Lying in the sun (heating this way is affected by the body's angle in relation to the sun).
Folding skin to reduce exposure.
Concealing wing surfaces.
Exposing wing surfaces.

Insulation:

Changing shape to alter surface/volume ratio.
Inflating the body.

text: To cope with low temperatures, some fish have developed the ability to remain functional even when the water temperature is below freezing; some use natural antifreeze or antifreeze proteins to resist ice crystal formation in their tissues. Amphibians and reptiles cope with heat loss by evaporative cooling and behavioral adaptations. An example of behavioral adaptation is that of a lizard lying in the sun on a hot rock in order to heat through conduction.

text: Endothermy[edit]

text: An endotherm is an animal that regulates its own body temperature, typically by keeping it at a constant level. To regulate body temperature, an organism may need to prevent heat gains in arid environments. Evaporation of water, either across respiratory surfaces or across the skin in those animals possessing sweat glands, helps in cooling body temperature to within the organism's tolerance range. Animals with a body covered by fur have limited ability to sweat, relying heavily on panting to increase evaporation of water across the moist surfaces of the lungs and the tongue and mouth. Mammals like cats, dogs and pigs, rely on panting or other means for thermal regulation and have sweat glands only in foot pads and snout. The sweat produced on pads of paws and on palms and soles mostly serves to increase friction and enhance grip. Birds also counteract overheating by gular fluttering, or rapid vibrations of the gular (throat) skin. Down feathers trap warm air acting as excellent insulators just as hair in mammals acts as a good insulator. Mammalian skin is much thicker than that of birds and often has a continuous layer of insulating fat beneath the dermis. In marine mammals, such as whales, or animals that live in very cold regions, such as the polar bears, this is called blubber. Dense coats found in desert endotherms also aid in preventing heat gain such as in the case of the camels.

text: A cold weather strategy is to temporarily decrease metabolic rate, decreasing the temperature difference between the animal and the air and thereby minimizing heat loss. Furthermore, having a lower metabolic rate is less energetically expensive. Many animals survive cold frosty nights through torpor, a short-term temporary drop in body temperature. Organisms when presented with the problem of regulating body temperature have not only behavioural, physiological, and structural adaptations but also a feedback system to trigger these adaptations to regulate temperature accordingly. The main features of this system are stimulus, receptor, modulator, effector and then the feedback of the newly adjusted temperature to the stimulus. This cyclical process aids in homeostasis.

text: Homeothermy compared with poikilothermy[edit]

text: Homeothermy and poikilothermy refer to how stable an organism's deep-body temperature is. Most endothermic organisms are homeothermic, like mammals. However, animals with facultative endothermy are often poikilothermic, meaning their temperature can vary considerably. Most fish are ectotherms, as most of their heat comes from the surrounding water. However, almost all fish are poikilothermic.

text: Vertebrates[edit]

text: By numerous observations upon humans and other animals, John Hunter showed that the essential difference between the so-called warm-blooded and cold-blooded animals lies in observed constancy of the temperature of the former, and the observed variability of the temperature of the latter. Almost all birds and mammals have a high temperature almost constant and independent of that of the surrounding air (homeothermy). Almost all other animals display a variation of body temperature, dependent on their surroundings (poikilothermy).[5]

text: Brain control[edit]

text: Thermoregulation in both ectotherms and endotherms is controlled mainly by the preoptic area of the anterior hypothalamus.[8] Such homeostatic control is separate from the sensation of temperature.[8]

text: In birds and mammals[edit]

text: In cold environments, birds and mammals employ the following adaptations and strategies to minimize heat loss:

text:
Using small smooth muscles (arrector pili in mammals), which are attached to feather or hair shafts; this distorts the surface of the skin making feather/hair shaft stand erect (called goose bumps or pimples) which slows the movement of air across the skin and minimizes heat loss.
Increasing body size to more easily maintain core body temperature (warm-blooded animals in cold climates tend to be larger than similar species in warmer climates (see Bergmann's Rule))
Having the ability to store energy as fat for metabolism
Have shortened extremities
Have countercurrent blood flow in extremities – this is where the warm arterial blood travelling to the limb passes the cooler venous blood from the limb and heat is exchanged warming the venous blood and cooling the arterial (e.g., Arctic wolf[9] or penguins[10][11])

text: In warm environments, birds and mammals employ the following adaptations and strategies to maximize heat loss:

text:
Behavioural adaptations like living in burrows during the day and being nocturnal
Evaporative cooling by perspiration and panting
Storing fat reserves in one place (e.g., camel's hump) to avoid its insulating effect
Elongated, often vascularized extremities to conduct body heat to the air

text: In humans[edit]

text: As in other mammals, thermoregulation is an important aspect of human homeostasis. Most body heat is generated in the deep organs, especially the liver, brain, and heart, and in contraction of skeletal muscles.[13] Humans have been able to adapt to a great diversity of climates, including hot humid and hot arid. High temperatures pose serious stresses for the human body, placing it in great danger of injury or even death. For example, one of the most common reactions to hot temperatures is heat exhaustion, which is an illness that could happen if one is exposed to high temperatures, resulting in some symptoms such as dizziness, fainting, or a rapid heartbeat.[14][15] For humans, adaptation to varying climatic conditions includes both physiological mechanisms resulting from evolution and behavioural mechanisms resulting from conscious cultural adaptations.[16][17] The physiological control of the body’s core temperature takes place primarily through the hypothalamus, which assumes the role as the body’s “thermostat.”[18] This organ possesses control mechanisms as well as key temperature sensors, which are connected to nerve cells called thermoreceptors.[19] Thermoreceptors come in two subcategories; ones that respond to cold temperatures and ones that respond to warm temperatures. Scattered throughout the body in both peripheral and central nervous systems, these nerve cells are sensitive to changes in temperature and are able to provide useful information to the hypothalamus through the process of negative feedback, thus maintaining a constant core temperature.[20][21]

text: There are three avenues of heat loss: convection, conduction, and radiation. If skin temperature is greater than that of the surroundings, the body can lose heat by radiation and conduction. But, if the temperature of the surroundings is greater than that of the skin, the body actually gains heat by radiation and conduction. In such conditions, the only means by which the body can rid itself of heat is by evaporation. So, when the surrounding temperature is higher than the skin temperature, anything that prevents adequate evaporation will cause the internal body temperature to rise.[22] During intense physical activity (e.g. sports), evaporation becomes the main avenue of heat loss.[23] Humidity affects thermoregulation by limiting sweat evaporation and thus heat loss.[24]

text: In plants[edit]

text: Thermogenesis occurs in the flowers of many plants in the Araceae family as well as in cycad cones.[25] In addition, the sacred lotus (Nelumbo nucifera) is able to thermoregulate itself,[26] remaining on average 20 °C (36 °F) above air temperature while flowering. Heat is produced by breaking down the starch that was stored in their roots,[27] which requires the consumption of oxygen at a rate approaching that of a flying hummingbird.[28]

text: One possible explanation for plant thermoregulation is to provide protection against cold temperature. For example, the skunk cabbage is not frost-resistant, yet it begins to grow and flower when there is still snow on the ground.[25] Another theory is that thermogenicity helps attract pollinators, which is borne out by observations that heat production is accompanied by the arrival of beetles or flies.[29]

text: Behavioral temperature regulation[edit]

text: Animals other than humans regulate and maintain their body temperature with physiological adjustments and behavior. Desert lizards are ectotherms and so unable to metabolically control their temperature but can do this by altering their location. They may do this, in the morning only by raising their head from its burrow and then exposing their entire body. By basking in the sun, the lizard absorbs solar heat. It may also absorb heat by conduction from heated rocks that have stored radiant solar energy. To lower their temperature, lizards exhibit varied behaviors. Sand seas, or ergs, produce up to 57.7 °C (135.9 °F), and the sand lizard will hold its feet up in the air to cool down, seek cooler objects with which to contact, find shade or return to their burrow. They also go to their burrows to avoid cooling when the sun goes down or the temperature falls. Aquatic animals can also regulate their temperature behaviorally by changing their position in the thermal gradient.[30]

text: Animals also engage in kleptothermy in which they share or even steal each other's body warmth. In endotherms such as bats[31] and birds (such as the mousebird[32] and emperor penguin[33]) it allows the sharing of body heat (particularly amongst juveniles). This allows the individuals to increase their thermal inertia (as with gigantothermy) and so reduce heat loss.[34] Some ectotherms share burrows of ectotherms. Other animals exploit termite mounds.[35][36]

text: Some animals living in cold environments maintain their body temperature by preventing heat loss. Their fur grows more densely to increase the amount of insulation. Some animals are regionally heterothermic and are able to allow their less insulated extremities to cool to temperatures much lower than their core temperature—nearly to 0 °C (32 °F). This minimizes heat loss through less insulated body parts, like the legs, feet (or hooves), and nose.

text: Hibernation, estivation and daily torpor[edit]

text: To cope with limited food resources and low temperatures, some mammals hibernate during cold periods. To remain in "stasis" for long periods, these animals build up brown fat reserves and slow all body functions. True hibernators (e.g., groundhogs) keep their body temperatures low throughout hibernation whereas the core temperature of false hibernators (e.g., bears) varies; occasionally the animal may emerge from its den for brief periods. Some bats are true hibernators and rely upon a rapid, non-shivering thermogenesis of their brown fat deposit to bring them out of hibernation.

text: Estivation is similar to hibernation, however, it usually occurs in hot periods to allow animals to avoid high temperatures and desiccation. Both terrestrial and aquatic invertebrate and vertebrates enter into estivation. Examples include lady beetles (Coccinellidae),[37] North American desert tortoises, crocodiles, salamanders, cane toads,[38] and the water-holding frog.[39]

text: Daily torpor occurs in small endotherms like bats and hummingbirds, which temporarily reduces their high metabolic rates to conserve energy.[40]

text: Variation in animals[edit]

text: Normal human temperature[edit]

text: Previously, average oral temperature for healthy adults had been considered 37.0 °C (98.6 °F), while normal ranges are 36.1 °C (97.0 °F) to 37.8 °C (100.0 °F). In Poland and Russia, the temperature had been measured axillary. 36.6 °C was considered "ideal" temperature in these countries, while normal ranges are 36 °C to 36.9 °C.

text: Recent studies suggest that the average temperature for healthy adults is 36.8 °C (98.2 °F) (same result in three different studies). Variations (one standard deviation) from three other studies are:

text:
36.4–37.1 °C (97.5–98.8 °F)
36.3–37.1 °C (97.3–98.8 °F) for males, 36.5–37.3 °C (97.7–99.1 °F) for females
36.6–37.3 °C (97.9–99.1 °F)[41]

text: Measured temperature varies according to thermometer placement, with rectal temperature being 0.3–0.6 °C (0.5–1 °F) higher than oral temperature, while axillary temperature is 0.3–0.6 °C (0.5–1 °F) lower than oral temperature.[42] The average difference between oral and axillary temperatures of Indian children aged 6–12 was found to be only 0.1 °C (standard deviation 0.2 °C),[43] and the mean difference in Maltese children aged 4–14 between oral and axillary temperature was 0.56 °C, while the mean difference between rectal and axillary temperature for children under 4 years old was 0.38 °C.[44]

text: Variations due to circadian rhythms[edit]

text: In humans, a diurnal variation has been observed dependent on the periods of rest and activity, lowest at 11 p.m. to 3 a.m. and peaking at 10 a.m. to 6 p.m. Monkeys also have a well-marked and regular diurnal variation of body temperature that follows periods of rest and activity, and is not dependent on the incidence of day and night; nocturnal monkeys reach their highest body temperature at night and lowest during the day. Sutherland Simpson and J.J. Galbraith observed that all nocturnal animals and birds – whose periods of rest and activity are naturally reversed through habit and not from outside interference – experience their highest temperature during the natural period of activity (night) and lowest during the period of rest (day).[5] Those diurnal temperatures can be reversed by reversing their daily routine.[45]

text: In essence, the temperature curve of diurnal birds is similar to that of man and other homoeothermal animals, except that the maximum occurs earlier in the afternoon and the minimum earlier in the morning. Also, the curves obtained from rabbits, guinea pigs, and dogs were quite similar to those from man.[5] These observations indicate that body temperature is partially regulated by circadian rhythms.

text: Variations due to women's menstrual cycles[edit]

text: During the follicular phase (which lasts from the first day of menstruation until the day of ovulation), the average basal body temperature in women ranges from 36.45 to 36.7 °C (97.6 to 98.1 °F). Within 24 hours of ovulation, women experience an elevation of 0.15–0.45 °C (0.2–0.9 °F) due to the increased metabolic rate caused by sharply elevated levels of progesterone. The basal body temperature ranges between 36.7–37.3 °C (98.1–99.2 °F) throughout the luteal phase, and drops down to pre-ovulatory levels within a few days of menstruation.[46] Women can chart this phenomenon to determine whether and when they are ovulating, so as to aid conception or contraception.

text: Variations due to fever[edit]

text: Fever is a regulated elevation of the set point of core temperature in the hypothalamus, caused by circulating pyrogens produced by the immune system. To the subject, a rise in core temperature due to fever may result in feeling cold in an environment where people without fever do not.

text: Variations due to biofeedback[edit]

text: Some monks are known to practice Tummo, biofeedback meditation techniques, that allow them to raise their body temperatures substantially.[47]

text: Low body temperature increases lifespan[edit]

text: It has been theorised that low body temperature may increase lifespan. In 2006, it was reported that transgenic mice with a body temperature 0.3–0.5 C lower than normal mice lived longer than normal mice. This mechanism is due to overexpressing the uncoupling protein 2 in hypocretin neurons (Hcrt-UCP2), which elevated hypothalamic temperature, thus forcing the hypothalamus to lower body temperature. Lifespan was increased by 12% and 20% for males and females, respectively. The mice were fed ad libitum.[48][49][50] The effects of such a genetic change in body temperature on longevity is more difficult to study in humans; in 2011, the UCP2 genetic alleles in humans were associated with obesity.[51]

text: Limits compatible with life[edit]

text: There are limits both of heat and cold that an endothermic animal can bear and other far wider limits that an ectothermic animal may endure and yet live. The effect of too extreme a cold is to decrease metabolism, and hence to lessen the production of heat. Both catabolic and anabolic pathways share in this metabolic depression, and, though less energy is used up, still less energy is generated. The effects of this diminished metabolism become telling on the central nervous system first, especially the brain and those parts concerning consciousness;[52] both heart rate and respiration rate decrease; judgment becomes impaired as drowsiness supervenes, becoming steadily deeper until the individual loses consciousness; without medical intervention, death by hypothermia quickly follows. Occasionally, however, convulsions may set in towards the end, and death is caused by asphyxia.[53][52]

text: In experiments on cats performed by Sutherland Simpson and Percy T. Herring, the animals were unable to survive when rectal temperature fell below 16 °C.[52] At this low temperature, respiration became increasingly feeble; heart-impulse usually continued after respiration had ceased, the beats becoming very irregular, appearing to cease, then beginning again. Death appeared to be mainly due to asphyxia, and the only certain sign that it had taken place was the loss of knee-jerks.[53]

text: However, too high a temperature speeds up the metabolism of different tissues to such a rate that their metabolic capital is soon exhausted. Blood that is too warm produces dyspnea by exhausting the metabolic capital of the respiratory centre;[citation needed] heart rate is increased; the beats then become arrhythmic and eventually cease. The central nervous system is also profoundly affected by hyperthermia and delirium, and convulsions may set in. Consciousness may also be lost, propelling the person into a comatose condition. These changes can sometimes also be observed in patients suffering from an acute fever.[citation needed] Mammalian muscle becomes rigid with heat rigor at about 50 °C, with the sudden rigidity of the whole body rendering life impossible.[53]

text: H.M. Vernon performed work on the death temperature and paralysis temperature (temperature of heat rigor) of various animals. He found that species of the same class showed very similar temperature values, those from the Amphibia examined being 38.5 °C, fish 39 °C, reptiles 45 °C, and various molluscs 46 °C.[citation needed] Also, in the case of pelagic animals, he showed a relation between death temperature and the quantity of solid constituents of the body. In higher animals, however, his experiments tend to show that there is greater variation in both the chemical and physical characteristics of the protoplasm and, hence, greater variation in the extreme temperature compatible with life.[53]

text: Arthropoda[edit]

text: The maximum temperatures tolerated by certain thermophilic arthropods exceeds the lethal temperatures for most vertebrates.[54]

text: The most heat-resistant insects are three genera of desert ants recorded from three different parts of the world. The ants have developed a lifestyle of scavenging for short durations during the hottest hours of the day, in excess of 50 °C (122 °F), for the carcasses of insects and other forms of life which have succumbed to heat stress.[55]

text: In April 2014, the South Californian mite Paratarsotomus macropalpis has been recorded as the world's fastest land animal relative to body length, at a speed of 322 body lengths per second. Besides the unusually great speed of the mites, the researchers were surprised to find the mites running at such speeds on concrete at temperatures up to 60 °C (140 °F), which is significant because this temperature is well above the lethal limit for the majority of animal species. In addition, the mites are able to stop and change direction very quickly.[54]