document_title: Beam me up, Scotty

question_text: what's in a beam me up scotty

question_tokens: what 's in a beam me up scotty

text: Beam me up, Scotty

text: Precise quotations[edit]

text: Despite the phrase entering into popular culture, it is a misquotation and has never been said in any of the television series or films.[1] There have, however, been several "near misses" of phrasing. In the Original Series episodes "The Gamesters of Triskelion" and "The Savage Curtain", Kirk said, "Scotty, beam us up"; while in the episode "This Side of Paradise," Kirk simply said, "Beam me up". The animated episodes "The Lorelei Signal" and "The Infinite Vulcan" used the phrasing "Beam us up, Scotty". The original film series has the wording "Scotty, beam me up" in Star Trek IV: The Voyage Home and "Beam them out of there, Scotty" in Star Trek Generations. The complete phrase was eventually said by William Shatner in the audio adaptation of his novel Star Trek: The Ashes of Eden.[citation needed][2]

text: James Doohan, the actor who played Scotty, later chose this phrase as the title of his autobiography.[3]

text: Legacy[edit]

text: The popularity of the misquotation has led to many new phrases, both associated with Star Trek or otherwise.

text: The misquotation's influence led to James Doohan, the actor who played Scotty, to be misrepresented in his own obituary. In it, he is referenced as the character who "responded to the command, "Beam me up, Scotty", despite having never responded to this exact command in the show[4].

text: The quote "Beam me up, Scotty!" has been extended beyond its original meaning to describe an expression of "the desire to be elsewhere"[5], or the desire to be out of an unwanted situation. Along with this, it has been associated with things that are futuristic, such as the possibility of teleportation[6][7].

text: The phrase has also been used as slang for certain drugs. An Oxford Reference page defined "Beam me up, Scotty" as "a mixture of phencyclidine and cocaine" and to "talk to Scotty, high off Scotty, see Scotty... etc."[8][9].

text: In recent usage, the phrase has been referenced by Baxter County Sheriff's drug slang defnitions[10]. It is also referenced in the book "Vice Slang" by Tom Dalzell and Terry Victor, for crack cocaine, and to describe "Beamers, Beemers", as those taking said drugs[11].

text: The exact timing of when the phrase became popular is unclear. However, early signs of the quote's usage to describe something separate of Star Trek can be found roughly ten years after Star Trek's airing in 1966, in a publication of the Royal Aeronautical Journal. It describes a certain routine as "a sort of 'beam me up scotty' routine'"[12]. Over time, the phrase has been extended to, "Beam me up, Scotty, there's no intelligent life down here!", popularized on bumper stickers and t-shirts, despite neither quote ever being said on the show[13][14].


document_title: Density

question_text: which material is the heaviest in term of density

root

text: Density

text: History

text: In a well-known but probably apocryphal tale, Archimedes was given the task of determining whether King Hiero's goldsmith was embezzling gold during the manufacture of a golden wreath dedicated to the gods and replacing it with another, cheaper alloy.[3] Archimedes knew that the irregularly shaped wreath could be crushed into a cube whose volume could be calculated easily and compared with the mass; but the king did not approve of this. Baffled, Archimedes is said to have taken an immersion bath and observed from the rise of the water upon entering that he could calculate the volume of the gold wreath through the displacement of the water. Upon this discovery, he leapt from his bath and ran naked through the streets shouting, "Eureka! Eureka!" (Εύρηκα! Greek "I have found it"). As a result, the term "eureka" entered common parlance and is used today to indicate a moment of enlightenment.

tag: p

text: The story first appeared in written form in Vitruvius' books of architecture, two centuries after it supposedly took place.[4] Some scholars have doubted the accuracy of this tale, saying among other things that the method would have required precise measurements that would have been difficult to make at the time.[5][6]

text: From the equation for density (ρ = m/V), mass density has units of mass divided by volume. As there are many units of mass and volume covering many different magnitudes there are a large number of units for mass density in use. The SI unit of kilogram per cubic metre (kg/m3) and the cgs unit of gram per cubic centimetre (g/cm3) are probably the most commonly used units for density.1,000 kg/m3 equals 1 g/cm3. (The cubic centimeter can be alternately called a millilitre or a cc.) In industry, other larger or smaller units of mass and or volume are often more practical and US customary units may be used. See below for a list of some of the most common units of density.

text: Measurement of density

text: Homogeneous materials

text: The density at all points of a homogeneous object equals its total mass divided by its total volume. The mass is normally measured with a scale or balance; the volume may be measured directly (from the geometry of the object) or by the displacement of a fluid. To determine the density of a liquid or a gas, a hydrometer, a dasymeter or a Coriolis flow meter may be used, respectively. Similarly, hydrostatic weighing uses the displacement of water due to a submerged object to determine the density of the object.

text: Heterogeneous materials

text:
If the body is not homogeneous, then its density varies between different regions of the object. In that case the density around any given location is determined by calculating the density of a small volume around that location. In the limit of an infinitesimal volume the density of an inhomogeneous object at a point becomes:

ρ
(

r
→

)
=
d
m

/

d
V

{\displaystyle \rho ({\vec {r}})=dm/dV}

, where

d
V

{\displaystyle dV}

 is an elementary volume at position

r

{\displaystyle r}

. The mass of the body then can be expressed as

text: Non-compact materials

text: In practice, bulk materials such as sugar, sand, or snow contain voids. Many materials exist in nature as flakes, pellets, or granules.

text: Voids are regions which contain something other than the considered material. Commonly the void is air, but it could also be vacuum, liquid, solid, or a different gas or gaseous mixture.

text: The bulk volume of a material—inclusive of the void fraction—is often obtained by a simple measurement (e.g. with a calibrated measuring cup) or geometrically from known dimensions.

text: Mass divided by bulk volume determines bulk density. This is not the same thing as volumetric mass density.

text: To determine volumetric mass density, one must first discount the volume of the void fraction. Sometimes this can be determined by geometrical reasoning. For the close-packing of equal spheres the non-void fraction can be at most about 74%. It can also be determined empirically. Some bulk materials, however, such as sand, have a variable void fraction which depends on how the material is agitated or poured. It might be loose or compact, with more or less air space depending on handling.

text: In practice, the void fraction is not necessarily air, or even gaseous. In the case of sand, it could be water, which can be advantageous for measurement as the void fraction for sand saturated in water—once any air bubbles are thoroughly driven out—is potentially more consistent than dry sand measured with an air void.

text: In the case of non-compact materials, one must also take care in determining the mass of the material sample. If the material is under pressure (commonly ambient air pressure at the earth's surface) the determination of mass from a measured sample weight might need to account for buoyancy effects due to the density of the void constituent, depending on how the measurement was conducted. In the case of dry sand, sand is so much denser than air that the buoyancy effect is commonly neglected (less than one part in one thousand).

text: Mass change upon displacing one void material with another while maintaining constant volume can be used to estimate the void fraction, if the difference in density of the two voids materials is reliably known.

text: Changes of density

text: In general, density can be changed by changing either the pressure or the temperature. Increasing the pressure always increases the density of a material. Increasing the temperature generally decreases the density, but there are notable exceptions to this generalization. For example, the density of water increases between its melting point at 0 °C and 4 °C; similar behavior is observed in silicon at low temperatures.

text: The effect of pressure and temperature on the densities of liquids and solids is small. The compressibility for a typical liquid or solid is 10−6 bar−1 (1 bar = 0.1 MPa) and a typical thermal expansivity is 10−5 K−1. This roughly translates into needing around ten thousand times atmospheric pressure to reduce the volume of a substance by one percent. (Although the pressures needed may be around a thousand times smaller for sandy soil and some clays.) A one percent expansion of volume typically requires a temperature increase on the order of thousands of degrees Celsius.

text: In contrast, the density of gases is strongly affected by pressure. The density of an ideal gas is

text: where M is the molar mass, P is the pressure, R is the universal gas constant, and T is the absolute temperature. This means that the density of an ideal gas can be doubled by doubling the pressure, or by halving the absolute temperature.

text: In the case of volumic thermal expansion at constant pressure and small intervals of temperature the temperature dependence of density is :

text:
where

ρ

T

0

{\displaystyle \rho _{T_{0}}}

 is the density at a reference temperature,

α

{\displaystyle \alpha }

 is the thermal expansion coefficient of the material at temperatures close to

T

0

{\displaystyle T_{0}}

.

text: Density of solutions

text: The density of a solution is the sum of mass (massic) concentrations of the components of that solution.

text: Mass (massic) concentration of each given component ρi in a solution sums to density of the solution.

text: Expressed as a function of the densities of pure components of the mixture and their volume participation, it allows the determination of excess molar volumes:

text: provided that there is no interaction between the components.

text: Knowing the relation between excess volumes and activity coefficients of the components, one can determine the activity coefficients.

text: Densities

text: Various materials

text:
Densities of various materials covering a range of values

Material
ρ (kg/m3)[note 1]
Notes

Hydrogen
0.0898

Helium
0.179

Aerographite
0.2
[note 2][7][8]

Metallic microlattice
0.9
[note 2]

Aerogel
1.0
[note 2]

Air
1.2
At sea level

Tungsten hexafluoride
12.4
One of the heaviest known gases at standard conditions

Liquid hydrogen
70
At approx. −255 °C

Styrofoam
75
Approx.[9]

Cork
240
Approx.[9]

Pine
373
[10]

Lithium
535

Wood
700
Seasoned, typical[11][12]

Oak
710
[10]

Potassium
860
[13]

Ice
916.7
At temperature < 0 °C

Cooking oil
910...930

Sodium
970

Water (fresh)
1,000
At 4 °C, the temperature of its maximum density

Water (salt)
1,030
0.9%

Liquid oxygen
1,141
At approx. −219 °C

Nylon
1,150

Plastics
1,175
Approx.; for polypropylene and PETE/PVC

Tetrachloroethene
1,622

Magnesium
1,740

Beryllium
1,850

Glycerol
1,261
[14]

Concrete
2,400
[15][16]

Silicon
2,330

Aluminium
2,700

Diiodomethane
3,325
Liquid at room temperature

Diamond
3,500

Titanium
4,540

Selenium
4,800

Vanadium
6,100

Antimony
6,690

Zinc
7,000

Chromium
7,200

Tin
7,310

Manganese
7,325
Approx.

Iron
7,870

Niobium
8,570

Brass
8,600
[16]

Cadmium
8,650

Cobalt
8,900

Nickel
8,900

Copper
8,940

Bismuth
9,750

Molybdenum
10,220

Silver
10,500

Lead
11,340

Thorium
11,700

Rhodium
12,410

Mercury
13,546

Tantalum
16,600

Uranium
18,800

Tungsten
19,300

Gold
19,320

Plutonium
19,840

Rhenium
21,020

Platinum
21,450

Iridium
22,420

Osmium
22,570

Notes:

Jump up ^ Unless otherwise noted, all densities given are at standard conditions for temperature and pressure,
that is, 273.15 K (0.00 °C) and 100 kPa (0.987 atm).
^ Jump up to: a b c Air contained in material excluded when calculating density

tag: table

text: Others

text:
Entity
ρ (kg/m3)
Notes

Interstellar medium
6981099999999999999♠1×10−19
Assuming 90% H, 10% He; variable T

The Earth
5,515
Mean density.[17]

The inner core of the Earth
13,000
Approx., as listed in Earth.[18]

The core of the Sun
33,000–160,000
Approx.[19]

Super-massive black hole
7005900000000000000♠9×105
Density of a 4.5-million-solar-mass black hole
Event horizon radius is 13.5 million km.

White dwarf star
7009210000000000000♠2.1×109
Approx.[20]

Atomic nuclei
7017229999999999999♠2.3×1017
Does not depend strongly on size of nucleus[21]

Neutron star
7018100000000000000♠1×1018

Stellar-mass black hole
7018100000000000000♠1×1018
Density of a 4-solar-mass black hole
Event horizon radius is 12 km.

text: Water

text:
Density of liquid water at 1 atm pressure

Temp. (°C)[note 1]
Density (kg/m3)

−30
983.854

−20
993.547

−10
998.117

0
999.8395

4
999.9720

10
999.7026

15
999.1026

20
998.2071

22
997.7735

25
997.0479

30
995.6502

40
992.2

60
983.2

80
971.8

100
958.4

Notes:

Jump up ^ Values below 0 °C refer to supercooled water.

text: Air

text:
Density of air at 1 atm pressure

T (°C)
ρ (kg/m3)

−25
1.423

−20
1.395

−15
1.368

−10
1.342

−5
1.316

0
1.293

5
1.269

10
1.247

15
1.225

20
1.204

25
1.184

30
1.164

35
1.146

text: Molar volumes of liquid and solid phase of elements

text: Common units

text: The SI unit for density is:

text: kilograms per cubic meter (kg/m3)

tag: ul

text: Litres and metric tons are not part of the SI, but are acceptable for use with it, leading to the following units:

text:
kilograms per liter (kg/L)
grams per milliliter (g/mL)
metric tons per cubic meter (t/m3)

text: Densities using the following metric units all have exactly the same numerical value, one thousandth of the value in (kg/m3). Liquid water has a density of about 1 kg/dm3, making any of these SI units numerically convenient to use as most solids and liquids have densities between 0.1 and 20 kg/dm3.

text:
kilograms per cubic decimetre (kg/dm3)
grams per cubic centimetre (g/cm3)

1 g/cm3 = 1000 kg/m3

megagrams (metric tons) per cubic metre (Mg/m3)

text: In US customary units density can be stated in:

text:
Avoirdupois ounces per cubic inch (1 g/cc ≈ 0.578036672 oz/cu in)
Avoirdupois ounces per fluid ounce (1 g/cc ≈ 1.04317556 oz/fl. oz = 1.04317556 lbs/pint)
Avoirdupois pounds per cubic inch (1 g/cc ≈ 0.036127292 lb/cu in)
pounds per cubic foot (1 g/cc ≈ 62.427961 lb/cu ft)
pounds per cubic yard (1 g/cc ≈ 1685.5549 lb/cu yd)
pounds per US liquid gallon (1 g/cc ≈ 8.34540445 lb/gal)
pounds per US bushel (1 g/cc ≈ 77.6888513 lb/bu)
slugs per cubic foot

text: Imperial units differing from the above (as the Imperial gallon and bushel differ from the US units) in practice are rarely used, though found in older documents. The Imperial gallon was based on the concept that an Imperial fluid ounce of water would have a mass of one Avoirdupois ounce, and indeed 1 g/cc ≈ 1.00224129 ounces per Imperial fluid ounce = 10.0224129 lbs per Imperial gallon. The density of precious metals could conceivably be based on Troy ounces and pounds, a possible cause of confusion.


document_title: God of War (franchise)

question_text: when was the last god of war made

question_tokens: when was the last god of war made

text: God of War (franchise)

text: Games[edit]

text:
Timeline of release years

2005
God of War

2006

2007
God of War II

God of War: Betrayal

2008
God of War: Chains of Olympus

2009
God of War Collection (PS3)

2010
God of War III

God of War: Ghost of Sparta

2011
God of War: Origins Collection

2012
God of War Saga

2013
God of War: Ascension

2014
God of War Collection (Vita)

2015
God of War III Remastered

2016

2017

2018
God of War: A Call from the Wilds

God of War

text: First era (Greek mythology)[edit]

text: God of War was first released in North America on March 22, 2005, for the PlayStation 2. After ten years in the service of the Olympian gods, Spartan soldier Kratos is tasked by Athena to find Pandora's Box; the key to defeating Ares, the God of War, who is running amok through Athens. A series of flashbacks reveals that Kratos was once the servant of Ares, who saved the Spartan and his army from annihilation in battle, but tricked him into killing his family which forced his metamorphosis into the "Ghost of Sparta". Kratos eventually finds Pandora's Box, and after finally killing Ares, he ascends to Mount Olympus to become the new God of War.[1]

text: God of War II was first released in North America on March 13, 2007, for the PlayStation 2. Angered at his fellow gods, Kratos runs amok across the city of Rhodes. Zeus intervenes and betrays Kratos, who is saved by the Titan Gaia. She tells him he must now find the Sisters of Fate, who can change his fate and prevent his death at the hands of Zeus. Kratos is ultimately successful and as he is about to kill the god, Athena sacrifices herself to save Zeus and preserve Olympus, and tells Kratos that he is the son of Zeus. Kratos then joins forces with Gaia and the Titans to attack Olympus.[2]

text: God of War: Betrayal was released on June 20, 2007, for mobile phones supporting Java ME. It is the only game in the series to be released as a two-dimensional (2D) side-scroller and released on a non-PlayStation platform. The game's narrative takes place between the events of Ghost of Sparta and God of War II. Kratos is framed for murder, and rampages across Greece seeking the true assassin. Kratos succumbs to bloodlust and kills Ceryx, the son of the god Hermes—an act that alienates him from his fellow gods.[3][4]

text: God of War: Chains of Olympus was first released in North America on March 4, 2008, for the PlayStation Portable. Its narrative takes place during Kratos' ten years of service to the gods. Kratos halts a Persian invasion of the Greek city of Attica, and learns that the world has been plunged into darkness by the god Morpheus. Kratos investigates the abduction of the sun god Helios, and prevents the Machiavellian plan of the goddess Persephone to use the Titan Atlas to destroy the world.[5]

text: God of War III was first released in North America on March 16, 2010, for the PlayStation 3. Reigniting the Great War, Kratos is soon abandoned by the Titans, who were only using him to exact their own revenge. Helped by the spirit of Athena who was elevated to a new level of understanding, she instructs him to seek the Flame of Olympus in order to defeat Zeus. Kratos engages the gods and the Titans in an epic series of battles across the Underworld and Olympus and learns that Pandora's Box is within the Flame. He discovers that Pandora herself is the key to pacifying the Flame and allowing him to open the Box. After finally killing Zeus, he refuses to help Athena assume the role of new patron of mankind and disappears.[6]

text: God of War: Ghost of Sparta was first released in North America on November 2, 2010, for the PlayStation Portable. Set between the events of God of War and Betrayal, Kratos, the God of War, is still haunted by visions of his mortal past and embarks on a quest to discover his origins by finding his mother, Callisto. He learns that his brother Deimos was taken by the gods and imprisoned by the God of Death, Thanatos, and decides to find and save his sibling. Although successful, Thanatos engages the brothers in combat, and kills Deimos. Kratos then kills Thanatos and returns to Olympus, further enraged at the gods.[7]

text: God of War: Ascension[8] was first released in North America on March 12, 2013, for the PlayStation 3.[9] It is the only game in the series to feature multiplayer for both competitive and cooperative play.[10][11] Set six months after Kratos killed his wife and child, he has been imprisoned by the three Furies for breaking his blood oath to Ares. With the help of the oath keeper Orkos, Kratos learns that Ares and the Furies plan to overthrow Mount Olympus. The Spartan escapes his imprisonment, subsequently killing the Furies, and Orkos, who begs for release. Although free of Ares' bond, Kratos begins to suffer the nightmares that plague him for years.[12]

text: Second era (Norse mythology)[edit]

text: God of War was released worldwide on April 20, 2018, for the PlayStation 4 console. Many years after the events of God of War III, Kratos has ended up in the world of Norse mythology and now has a son named Atreus. The game is a new direction for the series, not only by its new mythological setting, but also by its gameplay. Kratos now prominently uses a magical battle axe called the Leviathan Axe.[13] To go along with the new installment, Sony partnered with Facebook to develop a text-based game titled God of War: A Call from the Wilds through Facebook Messenger. Released on February 1, 2018, the short story follows Atreus on his first adventure in the Norse wilds.[14] Although further games have not been officially announced, Cory Barlog confirmed that this new installment would not be Kratos' last game.[15] It was also revealed that following games would also be set in the Norse environment, and include Atreus.[16]

text: Collections and remasters[edit]

text: God of War Collection was first released in North America on November 17, 2009, for the PlayStation 3—the franchise's first appearance on the platform. It is a remastered port of God of War and God of War II.[17] The games were ported by Bluepoint Games and feature high-definition 1080p anti-aliased graphics at 60 frames per second and trophies.[18] Sanzaru Games later ported the collection to the PlayStation Vita and it was released in May 2014—the franchise's only appearance on this platform.[19]

text: God of War: Origins Collection was first released in North America on September 13, 2011, for the PlayStation 3. It is a remastered port of the two PlayStation Portable installments in the series—Chains of Olympus and Ghost of Sparta. God of War Origins was ported by Ready at Dawn and features 1080p high-definition video, anti-aliased graphics at 60 frames per second, DualShock 3 rumble features, trophies,[20] and it is the only God of War release to feature Stereoscopic 3D.[21]

text: God of War Saga was released in North America on August 28, 2012. It is a collection of five of the God of War games for the PlayStation 3, released as part of Sony's PlayStation Collections line. The collection includes God of War, God of War II, God of War III, Chains of Olympus, and Ghost of Sparta. It features two Blu-ray Discs—God of War I and II on the first and III on the second—and a voucher to download Chains of Olympus and Ghost of Sparta. The games retain the same features as their first PS3 releases.[22][23]

text: God of War III Remastered was first released in North America on July 14, 2015, for the PlayStation 4—the franchise's first appearance on the platform. It is a remastered version of God of War III, and it features full 1080p support targeted at 60 frames per second and a photo mode. The game's announcement and release was in celebration of the franchise's tenth anniversary.[24] It was ported by Wholesale Algorithms.[25]

text: Gameplay[edit]

text: The series currently consists of six single-player-only games, and a seventh that includes multiplayer. Each game typically features a third-person, fixed cinematic camera. The player controls the character Kratos in a combination of hack and slash combat, platforming, and puzzle game elements to achieve goals and complete the story.[26][27] A first-person camera is featured in God of War III[28] and Ascension.[29] Betrayal is the only installment to feature a 2D side-scrolling view.[30]

text: Throughout the Greek era, Kratos' main weapon is a pair of double-chained blades that appears in three iterations: the Blades of Chaos, the Blades of Athena (or Athena's Blades), and the Blades of Exile. They each perform similarly, but differ in the types of combos and amount of damage each yields, as well as cosmetic differences. Other weapons (such as the Blade of Artemis in God of War) are also obtained during the games.[31] Magic is also used, and four abilities (such as Poseidon's Rage, Medusa's Gaze, Zeus' Fury, and Army of Hades in God of War) are typically acquired.[32] God of War III differs in that instead of separate abilities, there are four primary weapons that possess their own respective magic offensive. The game also features "Items"—additional secondary weapons with limited usage, such as the Bow of Apollo.[28] With each new game, most weapons and magic are lost via a plot device, and a new arsenal of weapons and abilities are acquired during gameplay.[33] Ascension differs from the previous games in that instead of acquiring new weapons that are kept throughout the entire game, the player collects up to five World Weapons (such as a sword or a javelin) that have limited usage. When there is not a World Weapon equipped, the player can punch or kick foes as part of a new mechanic added to the game.[34]

text: The series offers combo-based combat, and includes a quick time event (QTE) feature, also called context sensitive attacks, which is initiated when the player has weakened a foe. It allows limited control of Kratos during the QTE cinematic sequence; success ends the battle, while failure usually results in damage to the player.[28][35] As well as the QTE system, Ascension features a prompt-less free-form system, allowing players the choice of when to attack or dodge based on the enemy's actions.[36] A grab maneuver can be used on minor foes.[37]

text: Relics, which the player can use in successive games (such as Poseidon's Trident obtained in God of War allowing Kratos to swim underwater for extended periods) are also found and necessary for game progression.[26] Kratos often has a special ability, which provides temporary invulnerability and increased attack damage. This ability has become an ongoing feature of gameplay throughout the series—Rage of the Gods in God of War and Ascension, Rage of the Titans in God of War II, Rage of Sparta in God of War III, and Thera's Bane in Ghost of Sparta.[28] This ability can be recharged by building hits on foes in combat, and gaining game-specific orbs. Thera's Bane, however, is recharged automatically.[26][28][37]

text: Gorgon Eyes and Phoenix Feathers, found throughout the game in unmarked chests (white chests in Ascension), increase the maximum amount of health and magic, respectively.[26][38] Minotaur Horns, which increase the Items and Fire meter's maximum length, are available in God of War III and Ghost of Sparta, respectively. The Items meter allows the use of secondary weapons, called Items, and the Fire meter allows the use of Thera's Bane. The meters are increased in increments and reach their maximum once a certain number of Eyes, Feathers, and Horns are found. Other chests contain green, blue, or red orbs.[39] Green orbs replenish the player's health, blue orbs replenish magic allowing further usage, and red orbs provide experience for upgrading weapons and magic for new, more powerful attacks, and replenish the Rage meter in God of War. Gold orbs found in God of War II and Ascension, and white orbs in God of War III, replenish the Rage meter instead of red orbs; the Rage meter in Ascension is also refilled by landing attacks on foes. Chests with changing colors, which allow players to choose which meter to replenish, have also been available.[40] Red orbs can also be collected by killing foes and destroying certain inanimate objects. Bosses and more powerful opponents release a combination of colored orbs when killed via the quick-time feature.[26]

text: With the exception of Ascension, each installment offers a challenge mode, which yields extra red orbs, secret costumes, and behind-the-scenes videos.[41] Bonus content can also be unlocked by defeating the game's difficulty levels.[42] Battle arenas, which allow players to set difficulty levels and choose their own opponents, are included in God of War II, God of War III, and Ghost of Sparta.[43] A quick-time sex mini-game is also included in each installment except Betrayal and Ascension.[44]

text: Ascension is the only installment in the series to feature online multiplayer for both competitive and cooperative play. Up to eight players on two teams of two to four players (or a four to eight player deathmatch) battle for control of a map in order to earn rewards from the gods. Players can also fight each other in one-on-one matches. Players must sell their champion's soul to either Zeus, Hades, Ares, or Poseidon, which allows players to try different weapons, armor sets, and powers inspired by the god of their choice, and extras can be unlocked.[10][45]

text: Development[edit]

text: Main series[edit]

text: After the success of their first game Kinetica (2001), SIE Santa Monica Studio began development of God of War in 2002, and unveiled it two years later at SCEA Santa Monica Gamers' Day 2004.[46] Game director and creator David Jaffe said that although the idea for God of War was his own, the concept owed a debt to Capcom because he had played Onimusha and said "let's do that with Greek Mythology".[47] He was inspired in part by the 1981 feature film, Clash of the Titans, saying, "the real high concept for me was ... merging it with Heavy Metal magazine".[47] He said he liked both "the kids stuff ... with Greek Mythology" and the idea of adding more adult themes such as sex and violence.[47] He was also inspired by the 1981 film Raiders of the Lost Ark.[48] Although the game is based on Greek mythology, the development team gave themselves "lots of freedom" to modify the myths, and Jaffe said they took the "coolest aspects of the subject" and created art and story using those elements.[49] Director of visual development and lead concept artist, Charlie Wen, drew inspiration from these films as well as more contemporary films such as Gladiator (2000) for tonal inspiration to lead the visual design of Kratos, other characters, and the world of God of War.[49] GameSpot said the developers described the gameplay "as merging the action of Devil May Cry with the puzzle-solving of Ico" and noted that players would be able to "sunder enemies with a single move, such as by ripping them in half".[50] The game uses Santa Monica's Kinetica engine, which they developed for Kinetica.[51]

text: A sequel to God of War was first teased at the end of its credits, which stated, "Kratos Will Return".[52] God of War II was officially announced at the 2006 Game Developers Conference (GDC).[53] David Jaffe stepped down and became the creative director of its sequel and God of War's lead animator Cory Barlog assumed the role of game director.[54] Barlog said that in the game, players would see "a larger view of Kratos' role within the mythological world."[55] Like God of War, the game uses Santa Monica's Kinetica engine. Magic attacks became an integral part of the combat system and it was more refined. New creatures and heroes from the mythology, and more boss battles were added.[56] Both Jaffe and Barlog said that they did not view God of War II as a sequel, but rather a continuation of the previous game. Jaffe said that they did not want to include the Roman numeral number two (II) in the title for this reason, but they did not want the title to convey the impression it was an expansion pack.[57] Both Jaffe and Barlog said that the reason God of War II appeared on the PlayStation 2 instead of the PlayStation 3—which was released four months prior to God of War II—was because "there's a 100 million people out there that will be able to play God of War II as soon as it launches."[58][59] Barlog assured that the game would be playable on the newer platform, which had PlayStation 2 backwards compatibility.[58][59]

text: God of War III was first mentioned by Cory Barlog at a God of War II launch event,[60] and it was officially announced at the 2008 Electronic Entertainment Expo (E3).[61] After the first eight months of development, Barlog left Santa Monica for unexplained reasons and Stig Asmussen (lead environment artist and art director on God of War and God of War II, respectively) became director. Asmussen said that one of the greatest challenges in developing God of War III for the PlayStation 3 was the "complexity of everything"; individual tasks, such as designing Helios' decapitation, could take a year because the "level of detail [that was] expected [was] so high and intricate, it [crossed] multiple departments."[62][63] He said that the PlayStation 3's hardware capabilities allowed more flexibility in character creation and interaction with the environment.[62][63] The engine for God of War III was ported from the first two installments to the PlayStation 3. As the game was being developed, the code department swapped out PlayStation 2 components with PlayStation 3 components. They replaced the renderer, the particle system, and the collision system.[64] Although they were re-using the engine from God of War II, the core engine for God of War III was brand new.[65] Between E3 2009 and the time the game shipped, morphological anti-aliasing (MLAA) was added, which graphics engineer Ben Diamand said "improved edges dramatically and saved substantial amounts of frame-rate."[66] Diamand also said that "depth-of-field, motion blur, crepuscular 'god' rays and refraction were either added or improved in quality and speed" during that same time period.[66]

text: On April 12, 2012, Sony released a teaser image for Ascension on its official PlayStation Facebook page,[67] which was followed by the game's announcement on April 19 on PlayStation.Blog.[68] Todd Papy, who had previously worked as a designer on God of War and God of War II and as design director on God of War III, assumed the role of game director; God of War III director Stig Asmussen was busy with another project at Santa Monica and did not work on Ascension.[69] The announcement officially confirmed the game's title and Papy said it was not titled God of War IV to avoid confusion because it is a prequel, rather than a sequel, to the trilogy.[10][70] The game features a retooled God of War III engine, enabling online multiplayer battles for up to eight players.[10] The decision to add multiplayer came about from curiosity, according to lead combat designer Jason McDonald. The multiplayer was first tested using Kratos, and McDonald said the testers had "a lot of fun".[71] Seeing their reaction made the team feel that the multiplayer had value and they then began to put the "God of War spin on it".[71] In the developmental transition from God of War III to Ascension, one of the graphics engineers, Cedric Perthuis, noted that the limits of the God of War III engine restricted artist creativity, so they "tried to remove or push those limits as far as possible without losing any performance."[66] Ascension did not have a graphical leap over its predecessor like God of War III did. Dynamic lighting was added, which allowed for development of the Life Cycle gameplay mechanic. Particle effects were also greatly improved upon from God of War III.[66]

text: PSP games[edit]

text: Game developer Ready at Dawn pitched the idea of a God of War game for the PlayStation Portable to Santa Monica Studio soon after the original God of War launched.[72] Cory Barlog officially confirmed the development of Chains of Olympus at a God of War II launch event, stating "It is its own story that connects to the overall story."[73] Chains of Olympus uses a proprietary, in-house engine referred to as the Ready at Dawn engine, which expanded on the engine created for their previous game, Daxter (2006).[74] Originally designed for the PlayStation Portable's restricted 222 megahertz (MHz) processor,[75] Ready at Dawn convinced Sony to increase the clock speed of the PSP to 333 MHz, which they did in a firmware upgrade. The faster processor allowed for more realistic blood effects, lighting effects, and shadows as well as improved enemy intelligence, but noticeably decreased battery life.[75][76] After the game's completion, game director Ru Weerasuriya stated multiplayer options and other puzzles, characters, and dialogue had to be removed due to time constraints.[74]

text: Ghost of Sparta was announced on May 4, 2010, on PlayStation.Blog.[77] According to Sony, Ready at Dawn utilized "state-of-the-art visual technologies" that allowed "higher quality environments and characters."[78] Ghost of Sparta offers "over 25% more gameplay" than Chains of Olympus, while adding more enemies on screen and more boss encounters.[78] Development of Ghost of Sparta took 23 months to complete.[78] Due to Weerasuriya's schedule at Ready at Dawn, he could not return to direct; Dana Jan, the lead level designer for Chains of Olympus, became director for Ghost of Sparta. At Comic-Con 2010, Jan noted that when development began in 2008, the goal was to make the game bigger than Chains of Olympus, which had apparently pushed the PSP to its functional limits. Jan stated that Ghost of Sparta has taken the PSP to its "absolute capacity", with another feature being more on-screen foes.[79] The game concept was originally used as a teaser for players who obtained the platinum trophy from God of War III. The trophy revealed a site called spartansstandtall.com, which became the official site for Ghost of Sparta on May 4.[80] Jan stated the reason they chose to have the game take place between God of War and God of War II was because "It seemed to make a lot of sense to fill in that void."[78]

text: Mobile game[edit]

text: Betrayal was announced by Sony Online Entertainment at a press conference in Los Angeles in May 2007. The game utilizes a total of 110 different animations and features a 2D rendition of the series' three-dimensional (3D) graphics.[81][82] Game director Phil Cohen said that although the game was enjoyable to develop, the greatest challenge was creating a single tileset and palette swapping scheme that was diverse enough to portray multiple environments with only several hundred kilobytes, and that met Santa Monica Studio's high standards.[83] Cohen wrote the initial design document between September and October 2005, and revisited it in August 2006, the month development started. The versions for high-end handsets were completed in April 2007, with final versions for low-end handsets completed by June 2007. The porting team adapted the game to over 200 handsets in a matter of weeks. Both David Jaffe and Cory Barlog ensured that the Betrayal development team captured the feel of the combat and visual style, and were "helpful with feedback and positive support".[83]

text: Adaptations[edit]

text: Film and documentaries[edit]

text: A film adaptation of the first game was announced in 2005.[84] Creator David Jaffe confirmed that a completed script had been written by David Self and would be sent to an unspecified director. He said that Universal Studios was behind the making of the God of War movie, but was unaware of its current status,[85] and eventually said, "it's doubtful that the film will even be made".[86] In September 2010, Jaffe said that the "script went out a year and a half ago to Daniel Craig who plays [James] Bond, but he turned it down".[87] He also said that another actor had since been cast as Kratos; he said, "this new person is pretty good, if that ends up true."[87] In July 2012, The Hollywood Reporter said that writers Patrick Melton and Marcus Dunstan had been hired to adapt the God of War film.[88] On August 30, 2012, the writers told IGN that they intend to "humanize" Kratos and explore his past. Melton said that they are emotionally invested and it could become a series of films, and that Ares "will become a more proactive villain".[89] As of April 27, 2018, the movie is without a director, no actors have been confirmed, and a release date has not been set,[90] but the script has been "turned in".[91] It has a budget of $150 million USD.[89]

text: God of War: Unearthing the Legend (75 minutes, 2010)[92] is a documentary about the God of War franchise and is hosted by Peter Weller. The production discusses the relationship between the God of War games and Greek mythology, and features members of the God of War III development team and professional historians. It was included as part of the God of War III Ultimate Edition (North America) and Ultimate Trilogy Edition (Europe, Australia, and New Zealand) packages. On March 25, 2010, it was released on the PlayStation Store in North America to purchase.[93]

text: God of War – Game Directors Live (80 minutes, 2010)[94] is a documentary featuring five game directors of the God of War series: David Jaffe (God of War), Cory Barlog (God of War II), Ru Weerasuriya (Chains of Olympus), Stig Asmussen (God of War III), and Dana Jan (Ghost of Sparta). The documentary takes the form of an interview panel hosted by G4's Alison Haislip, with the five game directors, 150 members of PlayStation.Blog, and members of GodofWar.com and SpartansStandTall.com. It was filmed at the El Portal theater in Los Angeles on September 1, 2010, and was released as a pre-order bonus for Ghost of Sparta in North America on November 2, 2010, and was included with the Origins Collection and later released on the PlayStation Store.[95]

text: Comic series and novels[edit]

text: A six-issue comic book series titled God of War, written by Marv Wolfman with art by Andrea Sorrentino, was published by WildStorm and DC Comics between March 2010 and January 2011.[96] The narrative switches between Kratos' past and present; it occurs while he is a soldier of Sparta and involves his search for the Ambrosia of Asclepius, which has legendary healing properties and eventually saved his plague-ridden daughter, Calliope. Kratos also embarks upon a quest to destroy the same elixir to deny it to the worshippers of the slain god Ares, who wish to resurrect him.[97]

text: The God of War novels recount the events of the games and offer deeper insights into their stories. God of War, the official novelization of the first game of the series, was written by Matthew Stover and Robert E. Vardeman. It was published on May 25, 2010, by Del Rey Books.[98] God of War II, the second novelization of the series, was written by Vardeman alone and was published by Del Rey Books on February 12, 2013.[99]

text: In the lead up to Ascension's release, Santa Monica released a graphic novel titled Rise of the Warrior on the God of War website that featured a social experience from October 2012 until March 2013. The graphic novel is a prequel story that ties into the single-player of Ascension, and is the backstory of the player's multiplayer character.[100]

text: A new digital comic called God of War #0 by Dark Horse Comics was included with the three different special editions of 2018's God of War.[101]

text: Music[edit]

text: Five God of War soundtracks have been commercially released and have featured several composers, including Gerard K. Marino, Ron Fish, Winifred Phillips, Mike Reagan, Cris Velasco, Winnie Waldron, Marcello De Francisci, Jeff Rona, Tyler Bates, and Bear McCreary. On March 1, 2005, God of War: Original Soundtrack from the Video Game was released on CD by SIE as an exclusive product for the Sony Connect Music Store. It has been praised for its well-developed orchestral themes, and the creative use of ancient and ethnic instrumentation. The composers were also praised for avoiding the production of never-ending action themes.[102] God of War II: Original Soundtrack from the Video Game was released on CD by SIE on April 10, 2007. Praised as strong, the album features ominous orchestral pieces, and each composer's contributions are slightly more distinctive than the previous soundtrack.[103] God of War III: Original Soundtrack from the Video Game was released on CD by SIE and Sumthing Else on March 30, 2010.[104] It was also included as downloadable content in the God of War III Ultimate Edition and Ultimate Trilogy Edition collections.[105] The soundtrack was praised as an orchestral success and the best score in the series.[106]

text: The original scores for God of War, God of War II, and God of War III were nominated for Best Original Score at the 2005,[107] 2007,[108] and 2010[109] Spike Video Game Awards, respectively. The God of War Trilogy Soundtrack was included with the God of War III Ultimate Edition and Ultimate Trilogy Edition collections as downloadable content. The Trilogy Soundtrack consists of the original scores for God of War, God of War II, and God of War III. It was praised by critics as the best way to experience the series' musical development, and allows the listener to note the development of the composers during the series.[110]

text: On October 18, 2010, God of War: Ghost of Sparta – Original Soundtrack from the Video Game was released on the iTunes Store by SIE. It was also included as downloadable content as part of the Ghost of Sparta pre-order package and includes three bonus tracks from Chains of Olympus.[111][112] Several tracks were cited as being intended for purely contextual purposes, and the remaining tracks rated well in comparison to the soundtracks of the main installments in the series.[113] God of War: Ascension (Original Soundtrack) differed from the previously released soundtracks as it was composed by Tyler Bates alone, and is the only God of War score that he has worked on. It was released on March 5, 2013, on iTunes by SIE and La-La Land Records.[114] It was included as downloadable content in the God of War: Ascension–Collector's Edition and Special Edition.[115] Reviewers praised it for being powerful, rich, and pulsing, though felt it was repetitive at times.[116] Bear McCreary is the most recent composer to work on the series as he composed the music for 2018's God of War on PlayStation 4.[117]

text: God of War: Blood & Metal[edit]

text:
God of War: Blood & Metal

EP by Various artists

Released
March 2, 2010 (2010-03-02)

Genre
Heavy Metal

Length
29:24 (6 track version)
36:56 (7 track version)

Label
Roadrunner Records

text: God of War: Blood & Metal is a heavy metal homage by various bands on the Roadrunner Records label, and features original music inspired by the God of War video game series. The EP was released for purchase on March 2, 2010, and is available from ShockHound[118] and the iTunes Store.[119] It was also included as downloadable content in the God of War III Ultimate Edition and Ultimate Trilogy Edition collections, which included a bonus track.[105][120] The second track, "Shattering the Skies Above" by Trivium,[118] and the bonus track, "Even Gods Cry" by The Turtlenecks,[121] were made into music videos. 1UP.com (2.5/5) said, "it's not offensive to [the] ears" and "mainstream listeners may enjoy [the album]".[122] Square Enix Music Online (8/10) stated the album is a "good selection of metal music" and listeners will be "surprised with the variety of music".[123]

text: Track listing

text:
No.
Title
Length

1.
"My Obsession" (Killswitch Engage)
3:45

2.
"Shattering the Skies Above" (Trivium)
4:42

3.
"Raw Dog" (Dream Theater)
7:34

4.
"This is Madness" (Taking Dawn)
4:16

5.
"The Throat of Winter" (Opeth)
5:46

6.
"The End" (Mutiny Within)
3:19

Total length:
29:24

text:
[show]Bonus track

No.
Title
Length

7.
"Even Gods Cry" (The Turtlenecks)
7.32

Total length:
36:56

text: Critical reception[edit]

text:
Aggregate review scores
As of April 12, 2018.

Game
Metacritic

God of War (2005)
94/100[124]

God of War II
93/100[125]

God of War: Betrayal
N/A[126]

God of War: Chains of Olympus
91/100[127]

God of War Collection
91/100 (PS3)[128]
73/100 (Vita)[129]

God of War III
92/100[130]

God of War: Ghost of Sparta
86/100[131]

God of War: Origins Collection
84/100[132]

God of War Saga
N/A[133]

God of War: Ascension
80/100[134]

God of War III Remastered
81/100[135]

God of War (2018)
95/100[136]

text: In June 2012, Sony reported that the series had sold more than 21.65 million copies worldwide (as of April 27, 2018, Sony has not released updated sales data).[137][138] God of War (2005), God of War II, Chains of Olympus, God of War Collection, God of War III, and God of War (2018) have each received critical acclaim from several reviewers as compiled by review aggregator Metacritic,[124][125][127][128][130] with God of War (2018) receiving the highest score in the franchise with 95/100.[124][136] Betrayal and Ghost of Sparta only received generally favorable reception.[4][131] Ascension also only had a generally favorable reception and, not including the PlayStation Vita port of God of War Collection, it has the lowest score in the series from Metacritic (80/100).[134]

text: At the time of its release, Raymond Padilla of GameSpy wrote that God of War is the "best action game ever to grace the PS2".[139] Other critics have similarly said that it is one of the best action games of all time; it received over a dozen "Game of the Year" awards.[140] In 2009, it was named the "seventh best" PlayStation 2 game of all time on IGN's "Top 25 PS2 Games of All Time" list.[141] God of War II was also on IGN's list, and was named the "second best" PlayStation 2 game of all time.[142] God of War II has similarly been called one of the best action games of all time and is considered the swan song of the PlayStation 2 era.[143] In November 2012, Complex.com named God of War II the best PlayStation 2 game of all time—where God of War was named the 11th best—and consider it better than its successor, God of War III.[144] Betrayal was acclaimed for its fidelity to the series in terms of gameplay, art style, and graphics.[4]

text: Chains of Olympus has been praised for "fantastic" graphics and "tight and responsive" controls.[145] In 2008, IGN awarded Chains of Olympus the "Best PSP Action Game",[146] and in September 2010, it was listed as the best PSP game by GamePro.[147] God of War III received praise for its graphics, in particular of Kratos; IGN stated that Kratos is "perhaps the single most impressive-looking character ever in videogames."[148] IGN also said that God of War III "redefines what the word 'scale' means with regards to videogames, as it throws you into scenes with Titans that are larger than entire levels in some other games."[148] God of War III received awards for "Most Anticipated Game of 2010" and "Best PS3 Game" at the 2009 and 2010 Spike Video Game Awards, respectively.[149] The game also won the "Artistic Achievement" award at the 2011 BAFTA awards.[150] Ghost of Sparta was praised for its graphics and story, with Chris Pereira of 1UP saying that it was "a more personal story than the other GOW games."[151] It received several awards at E3 2010 including "Best Handheld Game", "Best PSP Game", and "PSP Game of Show",[152] and won "Best Handheld Game" at the 2010 Spike Video Game Awards.[149]

text: The series has also received criticism because of problems with puzzles, weapons, and technical issues. Chains of Olympus was criticized by G4, who stated that the game "occasionally suffers from screen tearing and framerate drops", and that some of the puzzles "are so maddeningly difficult to solve".[153] The game was also criticized for its lack of variety in enemies, its continued use of puzzles that require players to move boxes,[145] and its relatively short story.[154] God of War III also received some criticism. GameFront's Phil Hornshaw said it had an overly cruel protagonist, and the game assumed that the players reveled in the misery and violence as much as Kratos did.[155] IGN complained about the game's weapons, and said "that two of the three additional weapons that you'll earn are extremely similar to your blades. They have unique powers and slightly different moves, but by and large, they're more of the same."[148] Ghost of Sparta received criticism from Eurogamer, which said that the "game's primary problem ... is in its in-built focus" and that "there is a sense that Ghost of Sparta is a step back for the series if you've played [God of War III]."[156] Some reviewers stated that Ascensions's story was not as compelling as previous installments, with IGN stating that in comparison to Zeus and Ares, "the Furies don’t quite cut it".[157] The multiplayer received a mixed response. Although reviewers claimed gameplay translated well into the multiplayer, they were critical of the balance and depth of combat. Edge magazine approved of the multiplayer, stating it is an "evolutionary step" with "some fine ideas ... that will form part of this genre's future template."[158]

text: The collections have also received praise. IGN (9.4/10) awarded God of War Collection (PS3) the "Editor's Choice" Award and praised the enhanced resolutions, lower price point and smoother frame rates, and stated it was the "definitive way to play the game[s]".[159] Due to the success of God of War Collection, Sony announced that further titles would receive similar treatment for release under its new "Classics HD" brand.[17] The Origins Collection was similarly well received. IGN (9/10) stated "Sony succeeded at making good games better",[160] although GamePro criticized it for its lack of new bonus content.[161] God of War Saga also received praise. Ryan Fleming of Digital Trends wrote that the collection "is perhaps the best value buy for any console available," although the collection is not likely for fans of the series, but rather inexperienced players or newcomers.[162] God of War III Remastered was met with generally favorable reception. Praise was given to the smoother textures and improved frame rate, though because the original already had remarkable graphics, the changes were not major, and reviewers said these changes were not a strong enough argument to rebuy the game for $40 USD.[163]


document_title: List of Test cricket records

question_text: who has scored the most half centuries in test cricket

text: List of Test cricket records

text: Listing criteria

text: In general the top five are listed in each category (except when there is a tie for the last place among the five, when all the tied record holders are noted).

text: Listing notation

text:
(300–3) indicates that a team scored 300 runs for three wickets and the innings was closed, either due to a successful run chase or if no playing time remained
(300–3 d) indicates that a team scored 300 runs for three wickets, and declared its innings closed
(300) indicates that a team scored 300 runs and was all out

text:
(100) indicates that a batsman scored 100 runs and was out
(100*) indicates that a batsman scored 100 runs and was not out

text: (5–100) indicates that a bowler has captured 5 wickets while conceding 100 runs

text: indicates a current Test cricketer

text: Cricket is played during the summer months in most countries. Domestic cricket seasons in Australia, New Zealand, South Africa, India, Pakistan, Sri Lanka, Bangladesh, Zimbabwe and the West Indies may therefore span two calendar years, and are by convention said to be played in (e.g.) "2008–09". A cricket season in England is described as a single year. e.g. "2009". An international Test series may be for a much shorter duration, and Cricinfo treats this issue by stating "any series or matches which began between May and September of any given year will appear in the relevant single year season and any that began between October and April will appear in the relevant cross-year season".[23] In the record tables, a two-year span generally indicates that the record was set within a domestic season in one of the above named countries.

text: Team records

text: Team wins, losses and draws

text:
Team
First Test match
Matches
Won
Lost
Tied
Drawn
 % Won

 Australia
000000001877-03-15-000015 March 1877
803
378
216
2
207
47.07

 Bangladesh
000000002000-11-10-000010 November 2000
103
10
78
0
15
14.42

 England
000000001877-03-15-000015 March 1877
990
356
291
0
343
35.95

 India
000000001932-06-25-000025 June 1932
515
142
158
1
214
27.57

 New Zealand
000000001930-01-10-000010 January 1930
422
89
170
0
163
21.09

 Pakistan
000000001952-10-16-000016 October 1952
411
132
121
0
158
32.03

 South Africa
000000001889-03-12-000012 March 1889
416
154
138
0
124
36.93

 Sri Lanka
000000001982-02-17-000017 February 1982
263
83
99
0
81
31.43

 West Indies
000000001928-06-23-000023 June 1928
526
167
185
1
173
31.74

 Zimbabwe
000000001992-10-18-000018 October 1992
102
11
65
0
26
10.78

ICC World XI
000000002005-10-14-000014 October 2005
1
0
1
0
0
0.00

Last updated: 2 October 2017[24]

text: Result records

text: Greatest win margins (by innings)

text:
Margin
Teams
Venue
Season

Innings and 579 runs
 England (903-7 d) beat  Australia (201 & 123)
The Oval, London
1938

Innings and 360 runs
 Australia (652–7 d) beat  South Africa (159 & 133)
New Wanderers Stadium, Johannesburg
2001–02

Innings and 336 runs
 West Indies (614–5 d) beat  India (124 & 154)
Eden Gardens, Kolkata
1958–59

Innings and 332 runs
 Australia (645) beat  England (141 & 172)
Brisbane Cricket Ground
1946–47

Innings and 324 runs
 Pakistan (643) beat  New Zealand (73 & 246)
Gaddafi Stadium, Lahore
2002

Last updated: 12 December 2016[25]

text: Greatest win margin (by runs)

text:
Margin
Teams
Venue
Season

675 runs
 England (521 & 342–8 d) beat  Australia (122 & 66)
Brisbane Exhibition Ground
1928–29

562 runs
 Australia (701 & 327) beat  England (321 & 145)
The Oval, London
1934

530 runs
 Australia (328 & 578) beat  South Africa (205 & 171)
Melbourne Cricket Ground
1910–11

491 runs
 Australia (381 & 361–5 d) beat  Pakistan (179 & 72)
WACA Ground, Perth
2004–05

465 runs
 Sri Lanka (384 & 447–6 d) beat  Bangladesh (208 & 158)
Chittagong Divisional Stadium
2008–09

Last updated: 12 December 2016[26]

text: Matches that finished with scores level

text:
Result
Teams
Venue
Season

Tie
 Australia (505 & 232) vs  West Indies (453 & 284)
The Gabba
1960–61

Tie
 India (397 & 347) vs  Australia (574–7 d & 170–5 d)
MA Chidambaram Stadium, Madras
1986–87

Draw
 Zimbabwe (376 & 234) vs  England (406 & 204–5)
Queens Sports Club, Bulawayo
1996–97

Draw
 India (482 & 242–9) vs  West Indies (590 & 134)
Wankhede Stadium, Mumbai
2011–12

Last updated: 15 June 2016[27][28][29]

text: Narrowest win margin (by wickets)

text:
Margin
Teams
Venue
Season

1 wicket
 England (183 & 263–9) beat  Australia (324 & 121)
The Oval, London
1902

1 wicket
 South Africa (91 & 287–9) beat  England (184 & 190)
Old Wanderers, Johannesburg
1905–06

1 wicket
 England (382 & 282–9) beat  Australia (266 & 397)
Melbourne Cricket Ground
1907–08

1 wicket
 England (183 & 173–9) beat  South Africa (113 & 242)
Newlands Cricket Ground, Cape Town
1922–23

1 wicket
 Australia (216 & 260–9) beat  West Indies (272 & 203)
Melbourne Cricket Ground
1951–52

1 wicket
 New Zealand (249 & 104–9) beat  West Indies (140 & 212)
Carisbrook, Dunedin
1979–80

1 wicket
 Pakistan (256 & 315–9) beat  Australia (337 & 232)
National Stadium, Karachi
1994–95

1 wicket
 West Indies (329 & 311–9) beat  Australia (490 & 146)
Kensington Oval, Bridgetown
1998–99

1 wicket
 West Indies (273 & 216–9) beat  Pakistan (269 & 219)
Antigua Recreation Ground, St. John's
1999–00

1 wicket
 Pakistan (175 & 262–9) beat  Bangladesh (281 & 154)
Ibn-e-Qasim Bagh Stadium, Multan
2003

1 wicket
 Sri Lanka (321 & 352–9) beat  South Africa (361 & 311)
Paikiasothy Saravanamuttu Stadium, Colombo
2006

1 wicket
 India (405 & 216–9) beat  Australia (428 & 192)
Punjab Cricket Association Stadium, Mohali
2010–11

Last updated: 15 June 2016[30]

text: Narrowest win margin (by runs)

text:
Margin
Teams
Venue
Season

1 run
 West Indies (252 & 146) beat  Australia (213 & 184)
Adelaide Oval
1992–93

2 runs
 England (407 & 182) beat  Australia (308 & 279)
Edgbaston, Birmingham
2005

3 runs
 Australia (299 & 86) beat  England (262 & 120)
Old Trafford, Manchester
1902

 England (284 & 294) beat  Australia (287 & 288)
Melbourne Cricket Ground
1982–83

5 runs
 South Africa (169 & 239) beat  Australia (292 & 111)
Sydney Cricket Ground
1993–94

Last updated: 15 June 2016[31]

text: Victory after following-on

text:
Margin
Teams
Venue
Season

10 runs
 England (325 & 437) beat  Australia (586 & 166)
Sydney Cricket Ground
1894–95

18 runs
 England (174 & 356) beat  Australia (401–9 d & 111)
Headingley, Leeds
1981

171 runs
 India (171 & 657–7 d) beat  Australia (445 & 212)
Eden Gardens, Kolkata
2000–01

Last updated: 15 June 2016[32]

text: Most consecutive wins

text:
Wins
Team
First win
Last win

16
 Australia
 Zimbabwe at Harare, 14 October 1999
 India at Mumbai, 27 February 2001

16
 Australia
 South Africa at Melbourne, 26 December 2005
 India at Sydney, 2 January 2008

11
 West Indies
 Australia at Bridgetown, 30 March 1984
 Australia at Adelaide, 7 December 1984

9
 Sri Lanka
 India at Colombo, 29 August 2001
 Pakistan at Lahore, 6 March 2002

9
 South Africa
 Australia at Durban, 15 March 2002
 Bangladesh at Dhaka, 1 May 2003

Last updated: 15 June 2016[33]

text: Team scoring records

text:
Most runs in an innings

Runs
Teams
Venue
Season

952-6 d
 Sri Lanka (v  India)
Ranasinghe Premadasa Stadium, Colombo
1997

903-7 d
 England (v  Australia)
The Oval, London
1938

849
 England (v  West Indies)
Sabina Park, Kingston
1929–30

790–3 d
 West Indies (v  Pakistan)
Sabina Park, Kingston
1957–58

765–6 d
 Pakistan (v  Sri Lanka)
National Stadium, Karachi
2008–09

Last updated: 14 September 2017[34]

text:
Fewest runs in a completed innings

Runs
Teams
Venue
Date

26
 New Zealand (v  England)
Eden Park, Auckland
25 March 1955

30
 South Africa (v  England)
St. George's Park, Port Elizabeth
13 February 1896

 South Africa (v  England)
Edgbaston, Birmingham
14 June 1924

35
 South Africa (v  England)
Newlands Cricket Ground, Cape Town
1 April 1899

36
 Australia (v  England)
Edgbaston, Birmingham
29 May 1902

 South Africa (v  Australia)
Melbourne Cricket Ground
12 February 1932

Last updated: 14 September 2017[35]

text:
Highest fourth-innings totals to win

Runs
Teams
Venue
Season

418–7
 West Indies (v  Australia)
Antigua Recreation Ground, St. John's
2002–03

414–4
 South Africa (v  Australia)
WACA Ground, Perth
2008–09

406–4
 India (v  West Indies)
Queen's Park Oval, Port of Spain
1975–76

404–3
 Australia (v  England)
Headingley, Leeds
1948

391–6
 Sri Lanka (v  Zimbabwe)
Ranasinghe Premadasa Stadium, Colombo
2017

Last updated: 14 September 2017[36]

text: Individual records

text: Individual records (batting)

text: Career runs

text:
Most career runs

Runs
Player
Period

15,921 (329 innings)
 Sachin Tendulkar
1989–2013

13,378 (287 innings)
 Ricky Ponting
1995–2012

13,289 (280 innings)
 Jacques Kallis
1995–2013

13,288 (286 innings)
 Rahul Dravid
1996–2012

12,400 (233 innings)
 Kumar Sangakkara
2000–2015

Last updated: 15 June 2016[37]

text:
Most career runs – progression of record

Runs
Player
Record held until
Duration of record

239
 Charles Bannerman
4 January 1882
4 years, 295 days

676
 George Ulyett[a]
13 August 1884
2 years, 222 days

860
 Billy Murdoch[b]
14 August 1886
2 years, 1 day

1,277
 Arthur Shrewsbury
23 January 1902
15 years, 162 days

1,293
 Joe Darling[c]
18 February 1902
26 days

1,366
 Syd Gregory[d]
14 June 1902
116 days

1,531
 Archie MacLaren[e]
13 August 1902
60 days

3,412
 Clem Hill
27 December 1924
22 years, 136 days

5,410
 Jack Hobbs
29 June 1937
12 years, 184 days

7,249
 Wally Hammond
27 November 1970
33 years, 151 days

7,459
 Colin Cowdrey[f]
23 March 1972
1 year, 117 days

8,032
 Garfield Sobers
23 December 1981
9 years, 275 days

8,114
 Geoff Boycott
12 November 1983
1 year, 324 days

10,122
 Sunil Gavaskar
25 February 1993
9 years, 105 days

11,174
 Allan Border
25 November 2005
12 years, 273 days

11,953
 Brian Lara
17 October 2008
2 years, 327 days

15,921
 Sachin Tendulkar
current
7003328900000000000♠9 years, 2 days

Last updated: 15 June 2016[38]

Notes:

^[a] Ulyett finished his career with 949 runs
^[b] Murdoch finished his career with 908 runs
^[c] Darling finished his career with 1,657 runs
^[d] Gregory finished his career with 2,282 runs
^[e] MacLaren finished his career with 1,931 runs
^[f] Cowdrey finished his career with 7,624 runs

text: Most runs in each batting position

text:
Batting position
Player
Runs
Average

Opener
 Alastair Cook
10430
45.95

Number 3
 Kumar Sangakkara
11679
60.83

Number 4
 Sachin Tendulkar
13492
54.40

Number 5
 Shivnarine Chanderpaul
6883
56.42

Number 6
 Steve Waugh
3165
51.05

Number 7
 Adam Gilchrist
3948
46.45

Number 8
 Daniel Vettori
2227
39.77

Number 9
 Stuart Broad
1173
20.95

Number 10
 Dale Steyn
502
12.55

Number 11
 Muttiah Muralitharan
623
11.33

Last updated: 17 March 2017[39]

text: Highest career batting average

text:
Average
Player
Period

99.94 (80 innings)
 Donald Bradman
1928–1948

61.87 (31 innings)
 Adam Voges
2015–2016

60.97 (41 innings)
 Graeme Pollock
1963–1970

60.83 (40 innings)
 George Headley
1930–1954

60.73 (84 innings)
 Herbert Sutcliffe
1924–1935

Qualification: 20 innings.
Last updated: 30 August 2017[40]

text: Innings or series

text:
Highest individual score (see also List of Test cricket triple centuries)

Runs
Player
Opponent
Venue
Season

400*
 Brian Lara
 England
Antigua Recreation Ground, St. John's
2003–04

380
 Matthew Hayden
 Zimbabwe
WACA Ground, Perth
2003–04

375
 Brian Lara
 England
Antigua Recreation Ground, St. John's
1993–94

374
 Mahela Jayawardene
 South Africa
Sinhalese Sports Club Ground, Colombo
2006

365*
 Garfield Sobers
 Pakistan
Sabina Park, Kingston
1957–58

Last updated: 15 June 2015[41]

text:
Highest individual score – progression of record

Runs
Player
Opponent
Venue
Season
Test match Number

165*
 Charles Bannerman
 England
Melbourne Cricket Ground
1876–77
Test No. 1

211
 Billy Murdoch
 England
The Oval, London
1884
Test No. 16

287
 Tip Foster
 Australia
Sydney Cricket Ground
1903–04
Test No. 78

325
 Andy Sandham
 West Indies
Sabina Park, Kingston
1929–30
Test No. 193

334
 Don Bradman
 England
Headingley, Leeds
1930
Test No. 196

336*
 Wally Hammond
 New Zealand
Eden Park, Auckland
1932–33
Test No. 226

364
 Len Hutton
 Australia
The Oval, London
1938
Test No. 266

365*
 Garfield Sobers
 Pakistan
Sabina Park, Kingston
1957–58
Test No. 452

375
 Brian Lara
 England
Antigua Recreation Ground, St. John's
1993–94
Test No. 1259

380
 Matthew Hayden
 Zimbabwe
WACA Ground, Perth
2003–04
Test No. 1661

400*
 Brian Lara
 England
Antigua Recreation Ground, St. John's
2003–04
Test No. 1696

Last updated: 15 June 2016[42]

text:
Most runs in a match

Runs
Scores
Player
Match

456
333 and 123
 Graham Gooch
v  India at Lord's, 1990

426
334* and 92
 Mark Taylor
v  Pakistan at Peshawar, 1998–99

424
319 and 105
 Kumar Sangakkara
v  Bangladesh at Chittagong, 2013–14

400
400*
 Brian Lara
v  England at St John's, Antigua, 2003–04

380
247* and 133
 Greg Chappell
v  New Zealand at Wellington, 1973–74

380
 Matthew Hayden
v  Zimbabwe at Perth, 2003–04

Last updated: 15 June 2016[43]

text:
Most runs in a series

Runs
Player
Series

974 (7 innings)
 Donald Bradman
v  England, 1930

905 (9 innings)
 Wally Hammond
v  Australia, 1928–29

839 (11 innings)
 Mark Taylor
v  England, 1989

834 (9 innings)
 Neil Harvey
v  South Africa, 1952–53

829 (7 innings)
 Viv Richards
v  England, 1976

827 (10 innings)
 Clyde Walcott
v  Australia, 1955

824 (8 innings)
 Gary Sobers
v  Pakistan, 1957–58

810 (9 innings)
 Donald Bradman
v  England, 1936–37

806 (5 innings)
 Donald Bradman
v  South Africa, 1931–32

798 (8 innings)
 Brian Lara
v  England, 1993–94

Last updated: 15 June 2016[44]

text:
Most runs in a calendar year

Runs
Player
Average
Year

1788
 Mohammad Yousuf
99.33
2006

1710
 Vivian Richards
90.00
1976

1656
 Graeme Smith
72.00
2008

1595
 Michael Clarke
106.33
2012

1562
 Sachin Tendulkar
78.10
2010

Last updated: 15 June 2015[45]

text: Highest scores at each batting position

text:
Batting position
Player
Score
Opponent
Venue
Date

Opener
 Matthew Hayden
380
 Zimbabwe
WACA Ground
9 October 2003

Number 3
 Brian Lara
400*
 England
Antigua Recreation Ground
10 April 2004

Number 4
 Mahela Jayawardene
374
 South Africa
Sinhalese Sports Club Ground
27 July 2006

Number 5
 Michael Clarke
329*
 India
Sydney Cricket Ground
3 January 2012

Number 6
 Ben Stokes
258
 South Africa
Newlands Cricket Ground
2 January 2016

Number 7
 Donald Bradman
270
 England
Melbourne Cricket Ground
1 January 1937

Number 8
 Wasim Akram
257*
 Zimbabwe
Sheikhupura Stadium
17 October 1996

Number 9
 Ian Smith
173
 India
Eden Park
22 February 1990

Number 10
 Walter Read
117
 Australia
Kennington Oval
11 August 1884

Number 11
 Ashton Agar
98
 England
Trent Bridge
10 July 2013

Last updated: 17 March January 2017[46]

text: Innings as captain

text:
Highest individual score as captain

Runs
Player
Opponent
Venue
Season

400*
 Brian Lara
 England
Antigua Recreation Ground, St. John's
2003–04

374
 Mahela Jayawardene
 South Africa
Sinhalese Sports Club Ground, Colombo
2006

334*
 Mark Taylor
 Pakistan
Arbab Niaz Stadium, Peshawar
1998

333
 Graham Gooch
 India
Lord's, London
1990

329*
 Michael Clarke
 India
Sydney Cricket Ground, Sydney
2012

Last updated: 15 June 2015[47]

text: Most runs in an over

text:
Runs
Sequence
Batsman
Bowler
Venue
Season

28
4–6–6–4–4–4
 Brian Lara
 Robin Peterson
Wanderers Stadium, Johannesburg
2003–04

4–6–2–4–6–6
 George Bailey
 James Anderson
WACA, Perth
2013–14

27
6–6–6–6–2–1
 Shahid Afridi
 Harbhajan Singh
Gaddafi Stadium, Lahore
2005–06

26
4–4–6–0–6–6
 Mitchell Johnson
 Paul Harris
Wanderers Stadium, Johannesburg
2008–09

4–0–6–6–6–4
 Brian Lara
 Danish Kaneria
Multan Cricket Stadium
2006–07

4–4–4–4–6–4
 Craig McMillan
 Younis Khan
Seddon Park, Hamilton
2000–01

4–6–6–0–4–6
 Brendon McCullum
 Suranga Lakmal
Hagley Oval, Christchurch, New Zealand
2014–15

4–4–6–6–6–0
 Hardik Pandya
 Malinda Pushpakumara
Pallekele International Cricket Stadium,Sri Lanka
2017

Last updated: 14 August 2017[48]

text: Centuries

text: Most Test centuries

text:
Centuries
Player
Matches
Innings
Inns/Century

51
 Sachin Tendulkar
200
329
6.4

45
 Jacques Kallis
166
280
6.2

41
 Ricky Ponting
168
287
7.0

38
 Kumar Sangakkara
132
229
6

36
 Rahul Dravid
164
286
7.9

Last updated: 15 June 2016[49]

text:
Maximum Centuries – progression of record

Centuries
Player
Matches
Venue
Season
Test match Number

1
 Charles Bannerman
1
Melbourne Cricket Ground
1876–77
Test No. 1

2
 Allan Steel
13
Lord's, London
21-Jul-1884
Test No.--

3
 Percy McDonnell
–
---
---
Test No. –

5
 Archie MacLaren
–
---
---
Test No. –

6
 Clem Hill
–
---
---
Test No. –

8
 Victor Trumper
–
---
---
Test No. –

15
 Jack Hobbs
–
---
---
Test No. –

16
 Herbert Sutcliffe
–
---
---
Test No. –

21
 Don Bradman
–
---
---
Test No. –

22
 Walter Hammond
–
---
---
Test No. –

29
 Don Bradman
–
---
---
Test No. –

34
 Sunil Gavaskar
–
---
---
Test No. –

51
 Sachin Tendulkar
–
---
---
Test No. –

Last updated: 9 September 2017[50]

text:
Fastest Test centuries

No. of balls
Player
Opponent
Venue
Season

54
 Brendon McCullum
 Australia
Hagley Oval, Christchurch
2015–16

56
 Viv Richards
 England
Antigua Recreation Ground, St. John's
1985–86

 Misbah-ul-Haq
 Australia
Sheikh Zayed Cricket Stadium, Abu Dhabi
2014

57
 Adam Gilchrist
 England
WACA Ground, Perth
2006–07

67
 Jack Gregory
 South Africa
Old Wanderers, Johannesburg
1921–22

Last updated: 15 June 2016[51]

text:
Most Test double centuries

Double centuries
Player
Matches

12
 Donald Bradman
52

11
 Kumar Sangakkara
130

9
 Brian Lara
131

7
 Wally Hammond
85

 Mahela Jayawardene
149

Last updated: 15 June 2016[52]

text:
Most Test triple centuries

Triple centuries
Player
Matches

2
 Donald Bradman
52

 Virender Sehwag
104

 Chris Gayle
103

 Brian Lara
131

Last updated: 11 December 2016[53]

Note:
21 other players have scored a triple century in a Test: see List of Test cricket triple centuries for more details[54]

text:
Most Test quadruple centuries

Quadruple centuries
Player
Matches

1
 Brian Lara
131

Last updated: 15 June 2016[55]

text: Half Centuries

text: Most Test 50+

text:
50+
Player
Matches
Innings

119
 Sachin Tendulkar
200
329

103
 Jacques Kallis
166
280

103
 Ricky Ponting
168
287

99
 Rahul Dravid
164
286

96
 Shivnarine Chanderpaul
164
280

Last updated: 15 June 2016[56]

text:
Fastest Test half-centuries

No. of balls
Player
Opponent
Venue
Season

21
 Misbah-ul-Haq
 Australia
Sheikh Zayed Stadium, Abu Dhabi
2014/15

24
 Jacques Kallis
 Zimbabwe
Newlands Cricket Ground, Cape Town
2004/05

25
 Shane Shillingford
 New Zealand
Sabina Park, Kingston
2014

26
 Shahid Afridi
 India
M Chinnaswamy Stadium, Bangalore
2004/05

 Mohammad Ashraful
 India
Sher-e-Bangla Cricket Stadium, Mirpur
2007

 Dale Steyn
 West Indies
St. George's Park, Port Elizabeth
2014/15

Last updated: 15 June 2016[57]

text: Most fours in career

text:
Fours
Player
Innings

2058+
 Sachin Tendulkar
329

1654
 Rahul Dravid
286

1559
 Brian Lara
232

1509
 Ricky Ponting
287

1491
 Kumar Sangakkara
233

Last updated: 15 February 2016[58] Notes:

^[a] "+" means the completed career records aren't known

text: Individual records (bowling)

text: Career

text:
Most wickets in a career

Wickets
Player
Matches
Average

800
 Muttiah Muralitharan
133
22.72

708
 Shane Warne
145
25.41

619
 Anil Kumble
132
29.65

563
 Glenn McGrath
124
21.64

519
 Courtney Walsh
132
24.44

Last updated: 15 June 2016[59]

text:
Most wickets in a career – Progression of record

Wickets
Player
Matches
Average
Record held until
Duration of record

8[a]
 Alfred Shaw
1
10.75
31 March 1877
16 days

14
 Tom Kendall
2
15.35
4 January 1879
1 year, 279 days

94[b]
 Fred Spofforth
18
18.41
12 January 1895
16 years, 8 days

118
 Johnny Briggs
33
17.75
2 January 1904
8 years, 355 days

141
 Hugh Trumble
32
21.78
13 December 1913
9 years, 345 days

189
 Sydney Barnes
27
16.43
4 January 1936
22 years, 22 days

216
 Clarrie Grimmett
37
24.21
24 July 1953
17 years, 201 days

236
 Alec Bedser
51
24.89
26 January 1963
9 years, 186 days

242[c]
 Brian Statham
67
24.27
15 March 1963
48 days

307
 Fred Trueman
67
21.57
1 February 1976
12 years, 323 days

309
 Lance Gibbs
79
29.09
27 December 1981
5 years, 329 days

355
 Dennis Lillee
70
23.92
21 August 1986
4 years, 237 days

373[d]
 Ian Botham
94
27.86
12 November 1988
2 years, 83 days

431
 Richard Hadlee
86
22.29
8 February 1994
5 years, 88 days

434
 Kapil Dev
131
29.64
27 March 2000
6 years, 48 days

519
 Courtney Walsh
132
24.44
8 May 2004
4 years, 42 days

532[e]
 Muttiah Muralitharan
91
22.87
15 October 2004
160 days

708
 Shane Warne
145
25.41
3 December 2007
3 years, 49 days

800
 Muttiah Muralitharan
133
22.72
Current
7003360800000000000♠9 years, 320 days

Notes
^[a] Allen Hill took the first Test wicket, but only two in the First Test match. Alfred Shaw (3/51 & 5/35) and Tom Kendall (1/54 & 7/55) both took eight wickets, but as Australia batted first Shaw was the first to take five wickets in an innings and the first to take eight Test wickets. Kendall overtook him in the Second Test and Shaw subsequently increased his total to 12 wickets (15.35) in seven Tests[60]
^[b] Johnny Briggs equalled Fred Spofforth's record of 94 Test wickets on 29 December 1894 in the Second Test at Melbourne, as did Charles Turner two days later. Briggs overook Turner and Spofforth in the Third Test at Adelaide, which Turner missed, and became the first man to claim 100 Test wickets on 1 February 1895 in the Fourth Test at Sydney. Turner became the second three days later and ended with a total of 101 wickets (16.53) in 17 Tests[61]
^[c] Fred Trueman overtook Brian Statham's then record of 242 Test wickets and Statham subsequently increased his total to 252 wickets (24.84) in 70 Tests
^[d] Richard Hadlee overtook Ian Botham's then record of 373 Test wickets and Botham subsequently increased his total to 383 wickets (28.40) in 102 Tests
^[e] Shane Warne overtook Muttiah Muralitharan's then record of 532 Test wickets and Muralitharan subsequently increased his total to 800 wickets (22.72) in 133 Tests[62]

text:
Best career average

Average
Player
Balls
Wickets

10.75
 George Lohmann
3,830
112

12.70
/ John Ferris[a]
2,302
61

15.54
 Billy Barnes
2,289
51

16.42
 Billy Bates
2,364
50

16.43
 Sydney Barnes
7,873
189

Qualification: 2000 balls bowled
Last updated: 15 June 2016[63]

Note: If the qualification is removed, the best career average record is at 0.00 runs per wicket (i.e. no runs were conceded). This record is shared by Englishmen A N Hornby, Wilf Barber and New Zealander, Bruce Murray who took one wicket without conceding a run[64]

^[a] John Ferris was one of a few cricketers to play Test cricket for more than one country. He played in eight Tests for Australia from 1886–87 and a single Test for England in South Africa in 1891–92.[65]

text:
Best career strike rate

Strike rate
Player
Balls
Wickets

34.1
 George Lohmann
3,830
112

37.7
 /  J. J. Ferris
2,302
61

38.7
 Shane Bond
3,372
87

41.4
 Dale Steyn
17,286
417

41.6
 Sydney Barnes
7,873
189

Qualification: 2000 balls bowled
Last updated: 2 September 2017[66]

text:
Most 5 wickets in an innings

5 wickets in an innings
Player
Matches

67
 Muttiah Muralitharan
133

37
 Shane Warne
145

36
 Richard Hadlee
86

35
 Anil Kumble
132

29
 Glenn McGrath
124

Last updated: 15 June 2016[67]

text:
Most 10 wickets in a match

10 wickets in a match
Player
Matches

22
 Muttiah Muralitharan
133

10
 Shane Warne
145

9
 Richard Hadlee
86

8
 Rangana Herath
83

 Anil Kumble
132

Last updated: 2 September 2017[68]

text: Series

text:
Most wickets in a series

Wickets
Player
Series

49 (4 Tests)
 Sydney Barnes
v  South Africa 1913–14

46 (5 Tests)
 Jim Laker
v  Australia, 1956

44 (5 Tests)
 Clarrie Grimmett
v  South Africa 1935–36

42 (6 Tests)
 Terry Alderman
v  England, 1981

41 (6 Tests)
 Terry Alderman
v  England, 1989

 Rodney Hogg
v  England, 1978–79

Last updated: 15 June 2016[69]

text: Innings

text:
Best figures in an innings

Bowling
Player
Opponent
Venue
Season

10–53
 Jim Laker
 Australia (2nd innings)
Old Trafford, Manchester
1956

10–74
 Anil Kumble
 Pakistan
Feroz Shah Kotla Ground, Delhi
1998–99

9–28
 George Lohmann
 South Africa
Old Wanderers, Johannesburg
1895–96

9–37
 Jim Laker
 Australia (1st innings)
Old Trafford, Manchester
1956

9–51
 Muttiah Muralitharan
 Zimbabwe
Asgiriya Stadium, Kandy
2001–02

Last updated: 15 June 2016[70]

text:
Best figures in an innings – progression of record

Bowling
Player
Opponent
Venue
Season

7–55
 Tom Kendall
(in the inaugural Test match)
 England
Melbourne Cricket Ground
1876–77

7–44
 Fred Spofforth
 England
The Oval, London
1882

7–28
 Billy Bates
 Australia
Melbourne Cricket Ground
1882–83

8–35
 George Lohmann
 Australia
Sydney Cricket Ground
1886–87

8–11
 Johnny Briggs
 South Africa
Newlands Cricket Ground, Cape Town
1888–89

8–7
 George Lohmann
 South Africa
St. George's Park, Port Elizabeth
1895–96

9–28
 George Lohmann
 South Africa
Old Wanderers, Johannesburg
1895–96

10–53
 Jim Laker
 Australia
Old Trafford, Manchester
1956

Calculated at the conclusion of each Test
Last updated: 15 June 2016

text: Match records

text:
Best figures in a match

Bowling
Player
Opponent
Venue
Season

19–90
 Jim Laker
 Australia
Manchester, England,
1956

17–159
 Sydney Barnes
 South Africa
Old Wanderers, Johannesburg
1913–14

16–136
 Narendra Hirwani
 West Indies
M. A. Chidambaram Stadium, Chennai
1987–88

16–137
 Bob Massie
 England
Lord's, London
1972

16–220
 Muttiah Muralitharan
 England
The Oval, London
1998

Last updated: 15 June 2016[71]

text: Innings as captain

text:
Best figures in an innings as captain

Bowling
Player
Opponent
Venue
Season

9–83
 Kapil Dev
 West Indies
Sardar Patel Stadium, Ahmedabad
1983

8–60
 Imran Khan
 India
National Stadium, Karachi, Karachi
1982

8–63
 Rangana Herath
 Zimbabwe
Harare Sports Club, Harare
2016

8–106
 Kapil Dev
 Australia
Adelaide Oval, Adelaide
1985

7–37
 Courtney Walsh
 New Zealand
Basin Reserve, Wellington
1995

Last updated: 16 March 2017[72]

text: Match records as captain

text:
Best figures in a match

Bowling
Player
Opponent
Venue
Season

13–55
 Courtney Walsh
 New Zealand
Basin Reserve, Wellington, New Zealand
1995

13–135
 Waqar Younis
 Zimbabwe
Southend Club Cricket Stadium, Karachi, Pakistan
1993

13–152
 Rangana Herath
 Zimbabwe
Harare Sports Club, Harare, Zimbabwe
2016

12–100
 Fazal Mahmood
 West Indies
Bangabandhu National Stadium, Dhaka, Bangladesh
1959

11–79
 Imran Khan
 India
National Stadium, Karachi, Pakistan
1982

Last updated: 15 June 2016[73]

text: Individual records (fielding)

text: Most catches in Test career

text:
Catches
Player
Matches

210
 Rahul Dravid
164

205
 Mahela Jayawardene
149

200
 Jacques Kallis
166

196
 Ricky Ponting
168

181
 Mark Waugh
128

Note:The list excludes catches made as wicket-keeper[74] Last updated: 15 June 2016

text: Individual records (wicket-keeping)

text:
Most dismissals

Dismissals
Player
Matches

555 (532 catches + 23 stumpings)
 Mark Boucher
147

416 (379 catches + 37 stumpings)
 Adam Gilchrist
96

395 (366 catches + 29 stumpings)
 Ian Healy
119

355 (343 catches + 12 stumpings)
 Rod Marsh
96

294 (256 catches + 38 stumpings)
 MS Dhoni
90

Last updated: 15 June 2016[75]

text:
Most catches

Catches
Player
Matches

532
 Mark Boucher
147

379
 Adam Gilchrist
96

366
 Ian Healy
119

343
 Rod Marsh
96

265
 Jeff Dujon
81

Last updated: 15 June 2016[76]

text:
Most stumpings

Stumpings
Player
Matches

52
 Bert Oldfield
54

46
 Godfrey Evans
91

38
 Syed Kirmani
88

 MS Dhoni
90

37
 Adam Gilchrist
96

Last updated: 15 June 2016[77]

text: Individual records (as an all-rounder)

text:
10 Wickets and a Century in a Test match

Player
Runs
Wickets
Date
Opponent
Venue

 Ian Botham[78]
114
13/109
15 February 1980
 India
Mumbai, India

 Imran Khan[78]
117
11/180
3 January 1983
 India
Faisalabad, Pakistan

 Shakib Al Hasan[78]
137
10/124
3 November 2014
 Zimbabwe
Khulna, Bangladesh

Last updated: 15 June 2016[79]

text: Individual records (other)

text:
Most matches played

Matches
Player
Period

200
 Sachin Tendulkar
1989–2013

168
 Steve Waugh
1985–2004

 Ricky Ponting
1995–2012

166
 Jacques Kallis
1995–2013

164
 Rahul Dravid
1996–2012

 Shivnarine Chanderpaul
1994–2015

Last updated: 15 June 2016[80]

text:
Most matches played as captain

Matches
Player
Won
Lost
Drawn
Tied

109
 Graeme Smith
53
29
27
0

93
 Allan Border
32
22
38
1

80
 Stephen Fleming
28
27
25
0

77
 Ricky Ponting
48
16
13
0

74
 Clive Lloyd
36
12
26
0

Last updated: 15 June 2016[81]

text:
Most matches won as captain

Won
Player
Lost
Drawn
Ties
Matches

53
 Graeme Smith
26
26
0
109

48
 Ricky Ponting
16
13
0
77

41
 Steve Waugh
9
7
0
57

36
 Clive Lloyd
12
26
0
74

32
 Allan Border
22
38
1
93

Last updated: 15 June 2016[82]

text: Partnership records

text: Highest partnership for each wicket

text:
Partnership
Runs
Team
Players
Opposition
Venue
Season

1st wicket
415
 South Africa
Graeme Smith (232)
Neil McKenzie (226)
 Bangladesh
Chittagong Divisional Stadium
2008

2nd wicket
576
 Sri Lanka
Sanath Jayasuriya (340)
Roshan Mahanama (225)
 India
Ranasinghe Premadasa Stadium, Colombo
1997–98

3rd wicket
624
 Sri Lanka
Kumar Sangakkara (287)
Mahela Jayawardene (374)
 South Africa
Sinhalese Sports Club Ground, Colombo
2006

4th wicket
449
 Australia
Adam Voges (269*)
Shaun Marsh  (182)
 West Indies
Bellerive Oval, Hobart
2015–16

5th wicket
405
 Australia
Sid Barnes (234)
Donald Bradman (234)
 England
Sydney Cricket Ground
1946–47

6th wicket
399
 England
Ben Stokes  (258)
Jonny Bairstow  (150*)
 South Africa
Newlands Cricket Ground, Cape Town
2015–16

7th wicket
347
 West Indies
Denis Atkinson (219)
Clairmonte Depeiaza (122)
 Australia
Kensington Oval, Bridgetown
1954–55

8th wicket
332
 England
Jonathan Trott (184)
Stuart Broad  (169)
 Pakistan
Lord's, London
2010

9th wicket
195
 South Africa
Mark Boucher (78)
Pat Symcox (108)
 Pakistan
New Wanderers Stadium, Johannesburg
1997–98

10th wicket
198
 England
Joe Root  (154*)
James Anderson  (81)
 India
Trent Bridge, Nottingham
2014

Last updated: 15 June 2016[83]

text: Highest partnerships

text:
Runs
Team
Players
Opposition
Venue
Season

624 (3rd wicket)
 Sri Lanka
Kumar Sangakkara (287)
Mahela Jayawardene (374)
 South Africa
Sinhalese Sports Club Ground, Colombo
2006

576 (2nd wicket)
 Sri Lanka
Sanath Jayasuriya (340)
Roshan Mahanama (225)
 India
Ranasinghe Premadasa Stadium, Colombo
1997–98

467 (3rd wicket)
 New Zealand
Andrew Jones (186)
Martin Crowe (299)
 Sri Lanka
Basin Reserve, Wellington
1990–91

451 (2nd wicket)
 Australia
Bill Ponsford (266)
Donald Bradman (244)
 England
The Oval, London
1934

451 (3rd wicket)
 Pakistan
Mudassar Nazar (231)
Javed Miandad (280*)
 India
Niaz Stadium, Hyderabad
1982–83

Last updated: 15 June 2016[84]