document_title: This Is Us (TV series)

question_text: where does the this is us family live

question_tokens: where does the this is us family live

root

text: This Is Us (TV series)

text: Premise[edit]

text: The series follows the lives of siblings Kevin, Kate, and Randall (known as the "Big Three"), and their parents Jack and Rebecca Pearson. It takes place in the present and using flashbacks, at various times in the past. Kevin and Kate are the two surviving members of a triplet pregnancy, born six weeks premature on Jack's 36th birthday in 1980; their brother is stillborn. Believing they were meant to have three children, Jack and Rebecca, who are white, decide to adopt Randall, a black child born the same day and brought to the same hospital after his biological father abandoned him at a fire station. Jack dies when his children are 17.

tag: p

text: Most episodes feature a storyline taking place in the present (2016–2018, contemporaneous with airing) and a storyline taking place at a set time in the past; but some episodes are set in one time period or use multiple flashback time periods. Flashbacks often focus on Jack and Rebecca c.1980 both before and after their babies' birth, or on the family when the Big Three are children (at least ages 8–10) or adolescents; these scenes usually take place in Pittsburgh, where the Big Three are born and raised. Various other time periods and locations have also served a settings. As adults, Kate lives in Los Angeles, Randall and his family are in New Jersey, and Kevin relocates from Los Angeles to New York City.

text: Commitment to Diversity[edit]

text: Fogelman intentionally recruited behind-the-scenes talent that would reflect the diversity of his cast, with the goal of bringing greater authenticity to the dialog and storylines. These include black directors Regina King and George Tillman, Jr. and black female writers Kay Oyegun and Jas Waters (part of a 30% black core writing staff that far outpaces the industry standard of 5%).[5] [6] In addition, Fogelman's sister Deborah, whose struggles with weight were one of the initial inspirations for the show, serves as a consultant.[7]

text: Cast and characters[edit]

text: Main[edit]

text:
Milo Ventimiglia as Jack Pearson: Rebecca's husband, and Kate, Kevin, and Randall's father.
Mandy Moore as Rebecca Pearson (née Malone): Jack's wife, and Kate, Kevin, and Randall's mother.
Sterling K. Brown as Randall Pearson: Jack and Rebecca's adopted son, and Kate and Kevin's brother. Also played by Niles Fitch (ages 15–17) and Lonnie Chavis (ages 8–10).
Chrissy Metz as Kate Pearson: Jack and Rebecca's daughter, and Kevin and Randall's sister. Also played by Hannah Zeile (ages 15–17) and Mackenzie Hancsicsak (ages 8–10).
Justin Hartley as Kevin Pearson: Jack and Rebecca's son, and Kate and Randall's brother. Also played by Logan Shroyer (ages 15–17) and Parker Bates (ages 8–10).
Susan Kelechi Watson as Beth Pearson: Randall's wife, and mother of Tess and Annie.
Chris Sullivan as Toby Damon: Kate's husband.
Ron Cephas Jones as William H. "Shakespeare" Hill: Randall's biological father. Also played by Jermel Nakia as a young adult.
Jon Huertas as Miguel Rivas: Jack's best friend and Rebecca's second husband. (recurring season 1; main season 2–present)[8]
Alexandra Breckenridge as Sophie: Kate's childhood best friend as well as Kevin's childhood love and ex-wife. Also played by Amanda Leighton (ages 15–17) and Sophia Coto (age 10). (recurring season 1; main season 2–present)[8]
Eris Baker as Tess Pearson: Randall and Beth's older daughter. (recurring season 1; main season 2–present)
Faithe Herman as Annie Pearson: Randall and Beth's younger daughter. (recurring season 1; main season 2–present)

tag: ul

text: Recurring[edit]

text:
Gerald McRaney as Dr. Nathan Katowski (aka Dr. K): An elderly widower, who delivers Kate and Kevin.
Janet Montgomery as Olivia Maine: Kevin's former stage partner and ex-girlfriend.
Milana Vayntrub as Sloane Sandburg: Kevin's stage partner and ex-girlfriend.
Ryan Michelle Bathe as Yvette: A family friend of the Pearsons.
Denis O'Hare as Jesse: William's friend and former romantic partner.
Adam Bartley as Duke: The stable worker at the weight-loss camp Kate attends.
Jill Johnson as Laurie: A member of Toby and Kate's weight-loss support group.
Jermel Nakia as young adult William H. "Shakespeare" Hill
Lyric Ross as Deja: Randall and Beth's foster child.
Debra Jo Rupp as Linda: A social worker who works with Randall and Beth when they foster Deja.
Caitlin Thompson as Madison: Kate's group's resident thin member.
Joy Brunson as Shauna: Deja's mother, who first works against Beth and Randall having Deja, then abruptly leaves her with them.

text: Episodes[edit]

text: Series overview[edit]

text:
Season
Episodes
Originally aired
Nielsen ratings

First aired
Last aired
Rank
Avg. viewership (inc. DVR)
(in millions)

1
18
September 20, 2016 (2016-09-20)
March 14, 2017 (2017-03-14)
6
14.70[9]

2
18
September 26, 2017 (2017-09-26)
March 13, 2018 (2018-03-13)
TBA
TBA

tag: table

text: Season 1 (2016–17)[edit]

text:
No.
overall
No. in
season
Title
Directed by
Written by
Original air date
Prod.
code
U.S. viewers
(millions)

1
1
"Pilot"
John Requa & Glenn Ficarra
Dan Fogelman
September 20, 2016 (2016-09-20)
1AZC01
10.07[10]

2
2
"The Big Three"
Ken Olin
Dan Fogelman
September 27, 2016 (2016-09-27)
1AZC02
8.75[11]

3
3
"Kyle"
John Requa & Glenn Ficarra
Dan Fogelman
October 11, 2016 (2016-10-11)
1AZC03
9.87[12]

4
4
"The Pool"
John Requa & Glenn Ficarra
Dan Fogelman & Donald Todd
October 18, 2016 (2016-10-18)
1AZC04
9.71[13]

5
5
"The Game Plan"
George Tillman
Joe Lawson
October 25, 2016 (2016-10-25)
1AZC05
8.68[14]

6
6
"Career Days"
Craig Zisk
Bekah Brunstetter
November 1, 2016 (2016-11-01)
1AZC06
8.48[15]

7
7
"The Best Washing Machine in the World"
Silas Howard
K.J. Steinberg
November 15, 2016 (2016-11-15)
1AZC07
9.50[16]

8
8
"Pilgrim Rick"
Sarah Pia Anderson
Isaac Aptaker & Elizabeth Berger
November 22, 2016 (2016-11-22)
1AZC08
9.00[17]

9
9
"The Trip"
Uta Briesewitz
Vera Herbert
November 29, 2016 (2016-11-29)
1AZC09
10.53[18]

10
10
"Last Christmas"
Helen Hunt
Donald Todd
December 6, 2016 (2016-12-06)
1AZC10
10.95[19]

11
11
"The Right Thing to Do"
Timothy Busfield
Aurin Squire
January 10, 2017 (2017-01-10)
1AZC11
10.48[20]

12
12
"The Big Day"
Ken Olin
Dan Fogelman & Laura Kenar
January 17, 2017 (2017-01-17)
1AZC12
9.59[21]

13
13
"Three Sentences"
Chris Koch
Joe Lawson & Bekah Brunstetter
January 24, 2017 (2017-01-24)
1AZC13
9.63[22]

14
14
"I Call Marriage"
George Tillman Jr.
Kay Oyegun
February 7, 2017 (2017-02-07)
1AZC14
9.57[23]

15
15
"Jack Pearson's Son"
Ken Olin
Isaac Aptaker & Elizabeth Berger
February 14, 2017 (2017-02-14)
1AZC15
9.03[24]

16
16
"Memphis"
John Requa & Glenn Ficarra
Dan Fogelman
February 21, 2017 (2017-02-21)
1AZC16
9.35[25]

17
17
"What Now?"
Wendey Stanzler
K.J. Steinberg & Vera Herbert
March 7, 2017 (2017-03-07)
1AZC17
11.15[26]

18
18
"Moonshadow"
Ken Olin
Dan Fogelman & Isaac Aptaker & Elizabeth Berger
March 14, 2017 (2017-03-14)
1AZC18
12.84[27]

text: Season 2 (2017–18)[edit]

text:
No.
overall
No. in
season
Title
Directed by
Written by
Original air date
Prod.
code
U.S. viewers
(millions)

19
1
"A Father's Advice"
Ken Olin
Dan Fogelman
September 26, 2017 (2017-09-26)
2AZC01
12.94[28]

20
2
"A Manny-Splendored Thing"
John Fortenberry
Dan Fogelman & Bekah Brunstetter
October 3, 2017 (2017-10-03)
2AZC02
11.06[29]

21
3
"Déjà Vu"
John Requa & Glenn Ficarra
Isaac Aptaker & Elizabeth Berger
October 10, 2017 (2017-10-10)
2AZC03
11.02[30]

22
4
"Still There"
Ken Olin
Vera Herbert
October 17, 2017 (2017-10-17)
2AZC04
10.65[31]

23
5
"Brothers"
John Requa & Glenn Ficarra
Tyler Bensinger
October 24, 2017 (2017-10-24)
2AZC05
10.60[32]

24
6
"The 20's"
Regina King
Don Roos
October 31, 2017 (2017-10-31)
2AZC06
8.43[33]

25
7
"The Most Disappointed Man"
Chris Koch
Kay Oyegun
November 7, 2017 (2017-11-07)
2AZC07
9.89[34]

26
8
"Number One"
Ken Olin
K.J. Steinberg
November 14, 2017 (2017-11-14)
2AZC08
10.05[35]

27
9
"Number Two"
Ken Olin
K.J. Steinberg & Shukree Hassan Tilghman
November 21, 2017 (2017-11-21)
2AZC09
9.34[36]

28
10
"Number Three"
Ken Olin
Shukree Hassan Tilghman
November 28, 2017 (2017-11-28)
2AZC10
10.94[37]

29
11
"The Fifth Wheel"
Chris Koch
Vera Herbert
January 9, 2018 (2018-01-09)
2AZC11
9.65[38]

30
12
"Clooney"
Zetna Fuentes
Bekah Brunstetter
January 16, 2018 (2018-01-16)
2AZC12
9.82[39]

31
13
"That'll Be the Day"
Uta Briesewitz
Kay Oyegun & Don Roos
January 23, 2018 (2018-01-23)
2AZC13
9.37[40]

32
14
"Super Bowl Sunday"
John Requa & Glenn Ficarra
Dan Fogelman
February 4, 2018 (2018-02-04)
2AZC14
26.97[41]

33
15
"The Car"
Ken Olin
Isaac Aptaker & Elizabeth Berger
February 6, 2018 (2018-02-06)
2AZC15
10.13[42]

34
16
"Vegas, Baby"
Joanna Kerns
Laura Kenar
February 27, 2018 (2018-02-27)
2AZC16
9.74[43]

35
17
"This Big, Amazing, Beautiful Life"
Rebecca Asher
Kay Oyegun
March 6, 2018 (2018-03-06)
2AZC17
8.90[44]

36
18
"The Wedding"
Ken Olin
Isaac Aptaker & Elizabeth Berger
March 13, 2018 (2018-03-13)
2AZC18
10.94[45]

text: Release[edit]

text: In May 2017, Hulu acquired the SVOD rights to new and past episodes of the series to air exclusively on Hulu, in addition to NBC.com and the NBC app.[46]

text: Reception[edit]

text: Critical response[edit]

text: The review aggregation website Rotten Tomatoes reported an 89% approval rating for the first season with an average rating of 7.72/10 based on 63 reviews. The website's critical consensus reads, "Featuring full-tilt heartstring-tugging family drama, This Is Us will provide a suitable surrogate for those who have felt a void in their lives since Parenthood went off the air."[47] Metacritic, which uses a weighted average, assigned the season a score of 76 out of 100 based on 34 reviews, indicating "generally favorable reviews".[48] Season 2 received a 94% approval rating from Rotten Tomatoes based on 17 reviews.[49]

text: Entertainment Weekly gave the first few episodes of This Is Us a rating of B, calling it "a refreshing respite from the relational violence and pessimism that marks the other buzz soaps that have bubbled forth from a culture of divisiveness". Moreover, they praised all the actors, specifically Sterling K. Brown, for being able to navigate "his scenes with such intelligence, authenticity, and charisma".[50]

text: Ratings[edit]

text:
Season
Timeslot (ET)
Episodes
First aired
Last aired
TV season
Rank
Avg. viewers
(millions)
18–49 rating
(average)

Date
Viewers
(millions)
Date
Viewers
(millions)

1
Tuesday 10:00 pm (1–2, 11)
Tuesday 9:00 pm (3–10, 12–18)
18
September 20, 2016 (2016-09-20)
10.07[10]
March 14, 2017 (2017-03-14)
12.84[51]
2016–17
6
14.70
4.6/16[9]

2
Tuesday 9:00 pm (1–13, 15–18)
Sunday 10:30 pm (14)
18[4]
September 26, 2017 (2017-09-26)
12.94[28]
March 13, 2018
10.94[52]
2017–18
TBD
TBD
TBD

text: Accolades[edit]

text:
Year
Award
Category
Nominee(s)
Result
Ref.

2016
African-American Critics Association Awards
Top Ten TV Show
This Is Us
Won

American Film Institute Awards
TV Program of the Year
This Is Us
Won
[53]

Critics' Choice Television Awards
Best Drama Series
This Is Us
Nominated
[54]

Most Exciting New Series
This Is Us
Won
[54]

2017
ACE Eddie Awards
Best Edited One Hour Series for Commercial Television
David L. Bertman (for "Pilot")
Won
[55]

Creative Arts Emmy Awards[a]
Outstanding Casting for a Drama Series
Bernard Telsey, Tiffany Little Canfield
Nominated
[57]

Outstanding Guest Actor in a Drama Series
Brian Tyree Henry
Nominated

Gerald McRaney
Won

Denis O'Hare
Nominated

Outstanding Makeup for a Single-Camera Series (Non-Prosthetic)
Zoe Hay, Heather Plott, Elizabeth Hoel-Chang, Judith Lynn Staats, John Damiani
Nominated

Emmy Awards
Outstanding Drama Series
This Is Us
Nominated

Outstanding Lead Actor in a Drama Series
Sterling K. Brown
Won

Milo Ventimiglia
Nominated

Outstanding Supporting Actor in a Drama Series
Ron Cephas Jones
Nominated

Outstanding Supporting Actress in a Drama Series
Chrissy Metz
Nominated

Golden Globe Awards
Best Supporting Actress – Series, Miniseries or Television Film
Chrissy Metz
Nominated
[58]

Mandy Moore
Nominated

Best Television Series – Drama
This Is Us
Nominated

Hollywood Music in Media Awards
Outstanding Music Supervision – Television
Jennifer Pyken
Nominated
[59]

MTV Movie & TV Awards
Best Actor in a Show
Mandy Moore
Nominated
[60]

Show of the Year
This Is Us
Nominated

Tearjerker
Milo Ventimiglia and Lonnie Chavis (Jack and Randall at Karate)
Won

NAACP Image Awards
Outstanding Actor in a Drama Series
Sterling K. Brown
Won
[61]

Outstanding Drama Series
This Is Us
Nominated

Outstanding Performance by a Youth
Lonnie Chavis
Nominated

Peabody Awards
Entertainment and Children's programs
This Is Us
Nominated
[62]

People's Choice Awards
Favorite Actor in a New TV Series
Milo Ventimiglia
Nominated
[63]

Favorite Actress in a New TV Series
Mandy Moore
Nominated

Favorite New TV Drama
This Is Us
Won

Screen Actors Guild Awards
Outstanding Performance by a Male Actor in a Drama Series
Sterling K. Brown
Nominated
[64]

Seoul International Drama Awards
Best Director
Dan Fogelman
Nominated
[65]

Grand Prize
This Is Us
Won

Teen Choice Awards
Choice TV: Breakout Star
Chrissy Metz
Nominated

Choice TV Actor: Drama
Sterling K. Brown
Nominated

Milo Ventimiglia
Nominated

Choice TV Show: Drama
This Is Us
Nominated

Television Critics Association Awards
Individual Achievement in Drama
Sterling K. Brown
Nominated
[66]

Outstanding Achievement in Drama
This Is Us
Nominated

Outstanding New Program
This Is Us
Won

Program of the Year
This Is Us
Nominated

Writers Guild of America Awards
Episodic Drama
Vera Herbert (for "The Trip")
Won
[67]
[68]

New Series
This Is Us
Nominated

2018
Critics' Choice Television Awards
Best Actor in a Drama Series
Sterling K. Brown
Won
[69]

Best Drama Series
This Is Us
Nominated

Best Supporting Actress in a Drama Series
Chrissy Metz
Nominated

Golden Globe Awards
Best Actor – Television Series Drama
Sterling K. Brown
Won
[70]

Best Supporting Actress – Series, Miniseries or Television Film
Chrissy Metz
Nominated

Best Television Series – Drama
This Is Us
Nominated

Guild of Music Supervisors Awards
Best Music Supervision in a Television Drama
Jennifer Pyken
Nominated
[71]

Best Song/Recording Created for Television
"We Can Always Come Back To This"
Nominated

NAACP Image Awards
Outstanding Actor in a Drama Series
Sterling K. Brown
Nominated
[72]

Outstanding Drama Series
This Is Us
Nominated

Outstanding Performance by a Youth
Lonnie Chavis
Nominated

Outstanding Supporting Actress in a Drama Series
Susan Kelechi Watson
Nominated

Outstanding Writing in a Drama Series
Vera Herbert (for "Still Here")
Nominated

Satellite Awards
Best Musical Or Comedy Series
This Is Us
Nominated

Screen Actors Guild Awards
Outstanding Performance by a Male Actor in a Drama Series
Sterling K. Brown
Won
[73]

Outstanding Performance by an Ensemble in a Drama Series
This Is Us
Won

text: Notes[edit]

text: Jump up ^ In 2017, Hala Bahmet, Marina Ray and Elinor Bardach were nominated for Outstanding Costumes for a Contemporary Series, Limited Series, or Movie. The nomination was rescinded after it was determined that the submitted episode "Moonshadow" was primarily set in the 1970s, violating the TV Academy's rule that "more than 50 percent" of the episode must be contemporary (within 25 years of the air date).[56]

tag: ol


document_title: Prime minister

question_text: when was the term prime minister first used

text: Prime minister

text: Etymology[edit]

text: The term prime minister in its French form, premier ministre, is attested in 17th Century sources referring to Cardinal Richelieu[2] after he was named to head the royal council in 1624. The title was however informal and used alongside the equally informal principal ministre d'État ("chief minister of the state") more as a job description. After 1661, Louis XIV and his descendants refused to allow one of their ministers to be more important than the others, so the term was not in use.[3]

text: The term prime minister in the sense that we know it originated in the 18th century in the United Kingdom when members of parliament disparagingly used the title in reference to Sir Robert Walpole. During the whole of the 18th Century, Britain was involved in a prolonged conflict with France, periodically bursting into all-out war, and Britons took outspoken pride in their "Liberty" as contrasted to the "Tyranny" of French Absolute Monarchy; therefore, being implicitly compared with Richelieu was no compliment to Walpole. Over time, however, the title became honorific and remains so in the 21st century.[4]

text: History[edit]

text: Origins[edit]

text: The monarchs of England and the United Kingdom had ministers in whom they placed special trust and who were regarded as the head of the government. Examples were Thomas Cromwell under Henry VIII; William Cecil, Lord Burghley under Elizabeth I; Clarendon under Charles II and Godolphin under Queen Anne. These ministers held a variety of formal posts, but were commonly known as "the minister", the "chief minister", the "first minister" and finally the "prime minister".

text: The power of these ministers depended entirely on the personal favour of the monarch. Although managing the parliament was among the necessary skills of holding high office, they did not depend on a parliamentary majority for their power. Although there was a cabinet, it was appointed entirely by the monarch, and the monarch usually presided over its meetings.

text: When the monarch grew tired of a first minister, he or she could be dismissed, or worse: Cromwell was executed and Clarendon driven into exile when they lost favour. Kings sometimes divided power equally between two or more ministers to prevent one minister from becoming too powerful. Late in Anne's reign, for example, the Tory ministers Harley and Viscount Bolingbroke shared power.

text: Development[edit]

text: In the mid 17th century, after the English Civil War (1642–1651), Parliament strengthened its position relative to the monarch then gained more power through the Glorious Revolution of 1688 and passage of the Bill of Rights in 1689.[5] The monarch could no longer establish any law or impose any tax without its permission and thus the House of Commons became a part of the government. It is at this point that a modern style of prime minister begins to emerge.[6][7]

text: A tipping point in the evolution of the prime ministership came with the death of Anne in 1714 and the accession of George I to the throne. George spoke no English, spent much of his time at his home in Hanover, and had neither knowledge of, nor interest in, the details of English government. In these circumstances it was inevitable that the king's first minister would become the de facto head of the government.

text: From 1721 this was the Whig politician Robert Walpole, who held office for twenty-one years. Walpole chaired cabinet meetings, appointed all the other ministers, dispensed the royal patronage and packed the House of Commons with his supporters. Under Walpole, the doctrine of cabinet solidarity developed. Walpole required that no minister other than himself have private dealings with the king, and also that when the cabinet had agreed on a policy, all ministers must defend it in public, or resign. As a later prime minister, Lord Melbourne, said, "It matters not what we say, gentlemen, so long as we all say the same thing."

text: Walpole always denied that he was "prime minister", and throughout the 18th century parliamentarians and legal scholars continued to deny that any such position was known to the Constitution. George II and George III made strenuous efforts to reclaim the personal power of the monarch, but the increasing complexity and expense of government meant that a minister who could command the loyalty of the Commons was increasingly necessary. The long tenure of the wartime prime minister William Pitt the Younger (1783–1801), combined with the mental illness of George III, consolidated the power of the post. The title was first referred to on government documents during the administration of Benjamin Disraeli but did not appear in the formal British Order of precedence until 1905.

text: The prestige of British institutions in the 19th century and the growth of the British Empire saw the British model of cabinet government, headed by a prime minister, widely copied, both in other European countries and in British colonial territories as they developed self-government.[8][9][10] In some places alternative titles such as "premier", "chief minister", "first minister of state", "president of the council" or "chancellor" were adopted, but the essentials of the office were the same.

text: Modern usage[edit]

text: By the late 20th century,[11][12] the majority of the world's countries had a prime minister or equivalent minister, holding office under either a constitutional monarchy or a ceremonial president. The main exceptions to this system have been the United States and the presidential republics in Latin America modelled on the U.S. system, in which the president directly exercises executive authority.

text: Bahrain's prime minister, Sheikh Khalifah bin Sulman Al Khalifah has been in the post since 1970, making him the longest serving non-elected prime minister.

text: In republics and in monarchies[edit]

text: The post of prime minister may be encountered both in constitutional monarchies (such as Belgium, Denmark, Japan, Luxembourg, the Netherlands, Norway, Malaysia, Morocco, Spain,[13] Sweden, Thailand, Canada, Australia, New Zealand, and the United Kingdom), and in parliamentary republics in which the head of state is an elected official (such as Finland, the Czech Republic, France, Greece, Hungary, India, Indonesia (1945-1959), Ireland, Pakistan, Portugal, Montenegro, Croatia, Bulgaria, Romania, Serbia and Turkey). See also "First Minister", "Premier", "Chief Minister", "Chancellor", "Taoiseach", "Statsminister" and "Secretary of State": alternative titles usually equivalent in meaning to, or translated as, "prime minister".

text: This contrasts with the presidential system, in which the president (or equivalent) is both the head of state and the head of the government. In some presidential and all semi-presidential systems, such as those of France, Russia or South Korea, the prime minister is an official generally appointed by the president but usually approved by the legislature and responsible for carrying out the directives of the president and managing the civil service. The head of government of the People's Republic of China is referred to as the Premier of the State Council and the premier of the Republic of China (Taiwan) is also appointed by the president, but requires no approval by the legislature.

text: Appointment of the prime minister of France requires no approval by the parliament either, but the parliament may force the resignation of the government. In these systems, it is possible for the president and the prime minister to be from different political parties if the legislature is controlled by a party different from that of the president. When it arises, such a state of affairs is usually referred to as (political) cohabitation.

text: Entry into office[edit]

text: In parliamentary systems a prime minister may enter into office by several means.

text: The head of state appoints a prime minister, of their personal choice: Example: France, where the President has the power to appoint the Prime Minister of their choice, though the National Assembly can force a government to resign, they cannot nominate or appoint a new candidate.

text:
The head of state appoints a prime minister who has a set timescale within which they must gain a vote of confidence: Example: Italy, Romania, Thailand
The head of state appoints a prime minister from among the members of Parliament, who then has a set timescale within which they must form a cabinet, and receive the confidence of Parliament after presenting the Cabinet Composition and Legislative Program to Parliament: Example: Israel
The head of state appoints the leader of the political party with the majority of the seats in the Parliament as Prime Minister, if no party has a majority then the leader of the party with a plurality of seats is given an exploratory mandate to receive the confidence of the parliament within three days, if this is not possible then the leader of the party with the second highest seat number is given the exploratory mandate, if this fails then the leader of the third largest party is given it and so on: Example: Greece, see Prime Minister of Greece
The head of state nominates a candidate for prime minister who is then submitted to parliament for approval before appointment as prime minister: Example: Spain, where the King sends a nomination to parliament for approval. Also Germany where under the German Basic Law (constitution) the Bundestag votes on a candidate nominated by the federal president. In the Philippines under the 1973 Constitution as amended after martial law, the Prime Minister was elected by the Batasang Pambansâ (Legislature) upon nomination by the President. In these cases, parliament can choose another candidate who then would be appointed by the head of state (or, in the case of the Philippines, outright elect that candidate).
Parliament nominates a candidate who the head of state is then constitutionally obliged to appoint as prime minister: Example: Ireland, where the President appoints the Taoiseach on the nomination of Dáil Éireann. Also Japan.
Election by the Legislature: Example: The Philippines under the unamended 1973 Constitution, where the prime minister was supposed to be elected by the Batasang Pambansâ; these provisions were never used because the Philippines was under martial law at the time. Also Vanuatu.
Direct election by popular vote: Example: Israel, 1996–2001, where the prime minister was elected in a general election, with no regard to political affiliation.
Nomination by a state office holder other than the head of state or his/her representative: Example: Under the modern Swedish Instrument of Government, the power to appoint someone to form a government has been moved from the monarch to the Speaker of Parliament and the parliament itself. The speaker nominates a candidate, who is then elected to prime minister (statsminister) by the parliament if an absolute majority of the members of parliament does not vote no (i.e. he can be elected even if more MP:s vote no than yes).

text: Constitutional basis for the Position in Countries[edit]

text: The position, power and status of prime ministers differ depending on the age of the constitution.

text: Australia's constitution makes no mention of a Prime Minister of Australia and the office only exists by convention, based on the British model.

text: Bangladesh's constitution clearly outlines the functions and powers of the Prime Minister, and also details the process of his/her appointment and dismissal.

text: The People's Republic of China constitution set a premier just one place below the National People's Congress in China. Premier read as (Simplified Chinese: 总理; pinyin: Zŏnglĭ) in Chinese.

text: Canada's constitution, being a 'mixed' or hybrid constitution (a constitution that is partly formally codified and partly uncodified) originally did not make any reference whatsoever to a prime minister, with her or his specific duties and method of appointment instead dictated by "convention". In the Constitution Act, 1982, passing reference to a "Prime Minister of Canada" is added, though only regarding the composition of conferences of federal and provincial first ministers.

text: Czech Republic's constitution clearly outlines the functions and powers of the Prime Minister of the Czech Republic, and also details the process of his/her appointment and dismissal.

text: France's constitution (1958) lists the powers, functions and duties of the Prime Minister of France.

text: Germany's Basic Law (1949) lists the powers, functions and duties of the federal chancellor.

text: Greece's constitution (1975) lists the powers, functions and duties of the Prime Minister of Greece.

text: Hungary's constitution (2012) lists the powers, functions and duties of the Prime Minister of Hungary.

text: India's constitution (1950) lists the powers, functions and duties of the Prime Minister of India. In India, the Prime Ministerial candidate must be a member of parliament either Lok Sabha (Lower House) or Rajya Sabha (Upper House). No parliamentary vote takes place on who is forming a government.

text: Ireland's constitution (1937), provides for the office of Taoiseach in detail, listing powers, functions and duties.

text: Italy's constitution (1948) lists the powers, functions and duties of the President of the Council of Ministers.

text: Japan's constitution (1946) lists the powers, functions and duties of the Prime Minister of Japan.

text: The Republic of Korea's constitution (1987) sections 86-87 list the powers, functions and duties of the Prime Minister of the Republic of Korea.

text: Malta's constitution (1964) lists the powers, functions and duties of the Prime Minister of Malta.

text: Malaysia's constitution (1957) lists the powers, functions and duties of the Prime Minister of Malaysia.

text: Norway's constitution (1814) lists the powers, functions and duties of the Prime Minister of Norway

text: Pakistan's constitution (1973) lists the powers, functions and duties of the Prime Minister of Pakistan.

text: Spain's constitution (1978) regulates the appointment, dismissal, powers, functions and duties of the President of the Government.

text: Thailand's constitution (1932) lists the powers, functions and duties of the Prime Minister of Thailand.

text: Taiwan's constitution (1946) lists the powers, functions and duties of the President of the Executive Yuan.

text: The United Kingdom's constitution, being uncodified and largely unwritten, makes no mention of a prime minister. Though it had de facto existed for centuries, its first mention in official state documents did not occur until the first decade of the twentieth century. Accordingly, it is often said "not to exist", indeed there are several instances of parliament declaring this to be the case. The prime minister sits in the cabinet solely by virtue of occupying another office, either First Lord of the Treasury (office in commission), or more rarely Chancellor of the Exchequer (the last of whom was Balfour in 1905). :However as the government will have to outline its legislative programme to parliament in, for example, the Speech from the Throne, the speech is sometimes used to test parliamentary support. A defeat of the Speech is taken to mean a loss of confidence and so requires either a new draft, resignation, or a request for a dissolution of parliament. Until the early 20th century governments when defeated in a general election remained in power until their Speech from the Throne was defeated and then resigned. No government has done so for one hundred years, though Edward Heath in 1974 did delay his resignation while he explored whether he could form a government with Liberal party support.

text: During the period between the time it is clear that the incumbent government has been defeated at a general election, and the actual swearing-in of the new prime minister by the monarch, governor-general, or president, that person is referred to as the "prime minister-elect" or "prime minister-designate". Neither term is strictly correct from a constitutional point of view, but they have wide acceptance. In a situation in which a ruling party elects or appoints a new leader, the incoming leader will usually be referred as "prime minister-in-waiting". An example or this situation was in 2016 in the United Kingdom when Theresa May was elected leader of the Conservative Party while David Cameron was still prime minister.

text: Ukraine's constitution (1996) lists the powers, functions and duties of the Prime Minister of Ukraine.

text: Exit from office[edit]

text: Most prime ministers in parliamentary systems are not appointed for a specific term in office and in effect may remain in power through a number of elections and parliaments. For example, Margaret Thatcher was only ever appointed prime minister on one occasion, in 1979. She remained continuously in power until 1990, though she used the assembly of each House of Commons after a general election to reshuffle her cabinet.

text: Some states, however, do have a term of office of the prime minister linked to the period in office of the parliament. Hence the Irish Taoiseach is formally 'renominated' after every general election. (Some constitutional experts have questioned whether this process is actually in keeping with the provisions of the Irish constitution, which appear to suggest that a taoiseach should remain in office, without the requirement of a renomination, unless s/he has clearly lost the general election.) The position of prime minister is normally chosen from the political party that commands majority of seats in the lower house of parliament.

text: In parliamentary systems, governments are generally required to have the confidence of the lower house of parliament (though a small minority of parliaments, by giving a right to block supply to upper houses, in effect make the cabinet responsible to both houses, though in reality upper houses, even when they have the power, rarely exercise it). Where they lose a vote of confidence, have a motion of no confidence passed against them, or where they lose supply, most constitutional systems require either:

text:
a letter of resignation or
a request for parliamentary dissolution.

text: The latter in effect allows the government to appeal the opposition of parliament to the electorate. However, in many jurisdictions a head of state may refuse a parliamentary dissolution, requiring the resignation of the prime minister and his or her government. In most modern parliamentary systems, the prime minister is the person who decides when to request a parliamentary dissolution.

text: Older constitutions often vest this power in the cabinet. In the United Kingdom, for example, the tradition whereby it is the prime minister who requests a dissolution of parliament dates back to 1918. Prior to then, it was the entire government that made the request. Similarly, though the modern 1937 Irish constitution grants to the Taoiseach the right to make the request, the earlier 1922 Irish Free State Constitution vested the power in the Executive Council (the then name for the Irish cabinet).

text: In Australia, the Prime Minister is expected to step down if s/he loses the majority support of his/her party under a spill motion as have many such as Tony Abbott, Julia Gillard and Kevin Rudd.

text: Titles[edit]

text: In the Russian constitution the prime minister is actually titled Chairman of the government while the Irish prime minister is called the Taoiseach (which is rendered into English as prime minister), and in Israel he is Rosh HaMemshalah meaning "head of the government". In many cases, though commonly used, "prime minister" is not the official title of the office-holder; the Spanish prime minister is the President of the Government (Presidente del Gobierno).

text: Other common forms include president of the council of ministers (for example in Italy, Presidente del Consiglio dei Ministri), President of the Executive Council, or Minister-President. In the Nordic countries the prime minister is called Statsminister, meaning "Minister of State". In federations, the head of government of subnational entities such as provinces is most commonly known as the premier, chief minister, governor or minister-president.

text: The convention in the English language is to call nearly all national heads of government "prime minister" (sometimes modified to the equivalent term of "premier") except in the cases where the head of state and head of government are fused into one position, usually a presidency, regardless of the correct title of the head of government as applied in his or her respective country. The few exceptions to the rule are Germany and Austria, whose heads of government titles are almost always translated as Chancellor; Monaco, whose head of government is referred to as the Minister of State; and Vatican City, for which the head of government is titled the Secretary of State. In the case of Ireland, the head of government is occasionally referred to as the Taoiseach by English speakers. A stand-out case is the President of Iran, who is not actually a head of state, but the head of the government of Iran. He is referred to as "president" in both the Persian and English languages.

text: In non-Commonwealth countries the prime minister may be entitled to the style of Excellency like a president. In some Commonwealth countries prime ministers and former prime ministers are styled Right Honourable due to their position, for example in the Prime Minister of Canada. In the United Kingdom the prime minister and former prime ministers may appear to also be styled Right Honourable, however this is not due to their position as head of government but as a privilege of being current members of Her Majesty's Most Honourable Privy Council.[14]

text: In the UK, where devolved government is in place, the leaders of the Scottish, Northern Irish and Welsh Governments are styled First Minister. Between 1921 and 1972, when Northern Ireland was a Majority Rule Parliament the head of government would be known as the Prime Minister of Northern Ireland.In India, the Prime Minister is referred to as Pradhan Mantri, meaning "prime minister".[clarification needed] In Pakistan, the prime minister is referred to as Wazir-e-Azam, meaning "Grand Vizier".

text: Organisational structure[edit]

text: The Prime Minister's executive office is usually called the Office of the Prime Minister in the case of the Canada and other Commonwealth countries, it is called Cabinet Office in United Kingdom. Some Prime Minister's office do include the role of Cabinet. In other countries, it is called the Prime Minister's Department or the Department of the Prime Minister and Cabinet as for Australia. In Israel, the Prime Minister's executive office is officially titled the "Prime Minister's Office" in English, but the original Hebrew term can also be translated as the Prime Minister's Ministry.

text: Description of the role[edit]

text: Wilfried Martens, who served as Prime Minister of Belgium, described his role as follows:

text: Lists of prime ministers[edit]

text: The following table groups the list of past and present prime ministers and details information available in those lists.

text:
Government
List starts
Parties
shown
Term given by
years or dates
Incumbent

Abkhazia
1995
-
dates
Beslan Bartsits

Afghanistan
1927
-
years
Abdullah Abdullah

Albania (List)
1912
-
years
Edi Rama

Algeria
1962
yes
years
Ahmed Ouyahia

Andorra
1982
-
years
Antoni Martí

Angola
1975
-
dates
(Post abolished)

Anguilla
1976
yes
dates
Victor Banks

Antigua and Barbuda
1981
-
years
Gaston Browne

Argentina
1993
yes
dates
Marcos Peña

Armenia
1918
yes
dates
Karen Karapetyan (acting)

Artsakh
1992
no
dates
(Post abolished)

Aruba
1986
-
dates
Evelyn Wever-Croes

Australia (List)
1901
yes
dates
Malcolm Turnbull

Austria
1918
yes
years
Sebastian Kurz

Azerbaijan
1918
yes
dates
Novruz Mammadov

Bahamas
1967
-
dates
Hubert Minnis

Bahrain
1970
-
years
Prince Khalifa bin Salman Al Khalifa

Bangladesh
1971
yes
dates
Sheikh Hasina

Barbados
1954
yes
dates
Freundel Stuart

Belarus
1919
-
dates
Andrei Kobyakov

Belgium
1831
yes
dates
Charles Michel

Belize
1973
yes
years
Dean Barrow

Benin
1957
yes
dates
(Post abolished)

Bermuda
1968
yes
dates
Edward David Burt

Bhutan
1952
-
dates
Tshering Tobgay

Bosnia and Herzegovina
1943
-
dates
Denis Zvizdić

Botswana
1965
yes
dates
(Post abolished)

Brazil
1847
yes
dates
(Post abolished)

British Virgin Islands
1967
yes
dates
Orlando Smith

Brunei
1984
no
dates
Hassanal Bolkiah

Bulgaria
1879
yes
dates
Boyko Borisov

Burkina Faso
1971
-
dates
Paul Kaba Thieba

Burundi
1961
yes
dates
(Post abolished)

Cambodia
1945
-
years
Hun Sen

Cameroon
1960
-
dates
Philémon Yang

Canada (List)
1867
yes
dates
Justin Trudeau

Cape Verde
1975
-
dates
Ulisses Correia e Silva

Cayman Islands
1992
yes
dates
Alden McLaughlin

Central African Republic
1958
-
dates
Simplice Sarandji

Chad
1978
-
dates
Albert Pahimi Padacké

People's Republic of China (List)
1949
-
dates
Li Keqiang

Comoros
1957
yes
dates
(Post abolished)

Congo (Brazzaville)
1957
yes
dates
Clément Mouamba

Congo (Kinshasa) (List)
1960
yes
dates
Bruno Tshibala

Cook Islands
1965
yes
dates
Henry Puna

Côte d'Ivoire (Ivory Coast)
1957
yes
dates
Amadou Gon Coulibaly

Croatia
1939
-
dates
Andrej Plenković

Cuba
1940
-
dates
Raúl Castro

Curaçao
2010
-
dates
Eugene Rhuggenaath

Northern Cyprus
1983
yes
dates
Tufan Erhürman

Czech Republic
1993
-
years
Andrej Babiš

Denmark (List)
1848
-
years
Lars Løkke Rasmussen

Djibouti
1977
-
dates
Abdoulkader Kamil Mohamed

Dominica
1960
-
dates
Roosevelt Skerrit

East Timor
2002
-
dates
Mari Alkatiri

Egypt (List)
1878
-
years
Sherif Ismail

Equatorial Guinea
1963
-
dates
Francisco Pascual Obama Asue

Estonia
1918
-
dates
Jüri Ratas

Ethiopia
1942
yes
dates
Abiy Ahmed

Faroe Islands
1946
-
years
Aksel V. Johannesen

Fiji
1966
-
dates
Frank Bainimarama

Finland
1917
yes
years
Juha Sipilä

France (List)
1589
-
years
Édouard Philippe

Gabon
1957
yes
dates
Emmanuel Issoze-Ngondet

The Gambia
1961
-
dates
(Post abolished)

Georgia
1918
yes
dates
Giorgi Kvirikashvili

Germany (List)
1871/1949
yes
dates
Angela Merkel

Ghana
1957
-
dates
(Post abolished)

Gibraltar
1964
yes
dates
Fabian Picardo

Greece (List)
1833
-
dates
Alexis Tsipras

Greenland
1979
-
years
Kim Kielsen

Grenada
1954
-
years
Keith Mitchell

Guernsey
2007
-
dates
Gavin St Pier

Guinea
1972
-
dates
Mamady Youla

Guinea-Bissau
1973
-
dates
Aristides Gomes

Guyana
1953
-
dates
Moses Nagamootoo

Haiti
1988
-
dates
Jack Guy Lafontant

Hungary (List)
1848
-
dates
Viktor Orbán

Iceland
1904
-
dates
Katrín Jakobsdóttir

India (List)
1947
yes
dates
Narendra Modi

Indonesia
1945
yes
dates
(Post abolished)

Iran (List)
1824
-
years
(Post abolished)

Iraq
1920
-
years
Haider al-Abadi

Ireland
1937
yes
dates
Leo Varadkar

Israel (List)
1948
-
years
Benjamin Netanyahu

Italy (List)
1861
-
years
Paolo Gentiloni

Jamaica
1959
-
years
Andrew Holness

Japan (List)
1885
-
dates
Shinzō Abe

Jersey
2005
-
dates
Ian Gorst

Jordan
1944
-
dates
Hani Al-Mulki

Kazakhstan
1920
-
years
Bakhytzhan Sagintayev

Kenya
1963
-
dates
(Post abolished)

North Korea
1948
-
years
Pak Pong-ju

South Korea (List)
1948
-
years
Lee Nak-yeon

Kosovo
1945
yes
dates
Ramush Haradinaj

Kuwait
1962
yes
dates
Sheikh Jaber Al-Mubarak Al-Hamad Al-Sabah

Kyrgyzstan
1924
-
dates
Muhammetkaliy Abulgaziyev

Laos
1941
-
years
Thongloun Sisoulith

Latvia
1918
yes
dates
Māris Kučinskis

Lebanon
1926
-
dates
Saad Hariri

Lesotho
1965
yes
dates
Tom Thabane

Libya
1951
-
dates
Abdullah al-Thani / Fayez al-Sarraj

Liechtenstein
1921
yes
dates
Adrian Hasler

Lithuania
1918
yes
dates
Saulius Skvernelis

Luxembourg
1959
-
years
Xavier Bettel

Macedonia
1943
yes
dates
Zoran Zaev

Madagascar
1833
-
dates
Olivier Mahafaly Solonandrasana

Malawi
1963
yes
dates
(Post abolished)

Malaysia
1957
yes
years
Najib Razak

Mali
1957
yes
dates
Soumeylou Boubèye Maïga

Malta
1921
yes
years
Joseph Muscat

Isle of Man
1986
-
years
Howard Quayle

Mauritania
1957
yes
dates
Yahya Ould Hademine

Mauritius
1961
yes
dates
Pravind Jugnauth

Moldova
1990
-
dates
Pavel Filip

Monaco
1911
n/a
dates
Serge Telle

Mongolia
1912
yes
dates
Ukhnaagiin Khürelsükh

Montenegro
1879
yes
dates
Duško Marković

Montserrat
1960
yes
dates
Donaldson Romeo

Morocco
1955
yes
years
Saadeddine Othmani

Mozambique
1974
yes
dates
Carlos Agostinho do Rosário

Myanmar (Burma)
1948
yes
dates
Aung San Suu Kyi

Namibia
1990
yes
dates
Saara Kuugongelwa

Nepal
1953
-
dates
Khadga Prasad Oli

Netherlands (List)
1848
yes
dates
Mark Rutte

New Zealand (List)
1856
yes
dates
Jacinda Ardern

Newfoundland
1855
yes
dates
(Post abolished)

Niger
1958
yes
dates
Brigi Rafini

Nigeria
1960
yes
dates
(Post abolished)

Niue
1974
-
dates
Sir Toke Talagi

Norfolk Island
1896
2015
dates
(Post abolished)

Norway
1814
yes
years
Erna Solberg

Pakistan (List)
1947
yes
dates
Shahid Khaqan Abbasi

Palestinian National Authority
2003
yes
dates
Rami Hamdallah

Papua New Guinea
1975
yes
years
Peter O'Neill

Peru
1975
yes
dates
César Villanueva

Philippines
1899
yes
dates
(Post abolished)

Poland (List)
1918
-
dates
Mateusz Morawiecki

Portugal (List)
1834
yes
dates
António Costa

Qatar
1970
-
dates
Sheikh Abdullah bin Nasser bin Khalifa Al Thani

Romania
1862
-
years
Viorica Dăncilă

Russia (List)
1864/1905
yes
dates
Dmitry Medvedev

Rwanda
1960
yes
dates
Édouard Ngirente

Saint Kitts and Nevis
1960
-
dates
Timothy Harris

Saint Lucia
1960
-
dates
Allen Chastanet

Saint Vincent and the Grenadines
1956
-
dates
Ralph Gonsalves

Samoa
1875
yes
dates
Tuilaepa Aiono Sailele Malielegaoi

São Tomé and Principe
1974
yes
dates
Patrice Trovoada

Saudi Arabia
1953
no
dates
Salman

Senegal
1957
yes
dates
Mohamed Dionne

Serbia
1805
yes
years
Ana Brnabić

Seychelles
1970
yes
years
(Post abolished)

Sierra Leone
1954
yes
dates
(Post abolished)

Singapore
1959
-
dates
Lee Hsien Loong

Sint Maarten
2010
-
dates
Leona Marlin-Romeo

Slovakia
1993
-
dates
Peter Pellegrini

Slovenia
1943
yes
years
Miro Cerar

Solomon Islands
1949
yes
dates
Rick Houenipwela

Somalia
1949
yes
dates
Hassan Ali Khayre

South Africa
1910
-
dates
(Post abolished)

South Ossetia
1991
-
dates
Erik Pukhayev

Spain (List)
1705
yes
years
Mariano Rajoy

Sri Lanka (List)
1948
-
dates
Ranil Wickremesinghe

Sudan
1952
yes
dates
Bakri Hassan Saleh

Suriname
1949
yes
dates
(Post abolished)

Swaziland
1967
-
years
Barnabas Sibusiso Dlamini

Sweden (List)
1876
yes
years
Stefan Löfven

Syria
1920
-
dates
Imad Khamis

Taiwan (Republic of China) (List)
1911
-
dates
William Lai

Tajikistan
1924
-
dates
Kokhir Rasulzoda

Tanzania
1960
yes
dates
Kassim Majaliwa

Thailand (List)
1932
yes
dates
Prayut Chan-o-cha

Togo
1956
yes
dates
Komi Sélom Klassou

Tokelau
1992
-
dates
Afega Gaualofa

Tonga
1876
-
years
ʻAkilisi Pōhiva

Transnistria
2012
yes
dates
Aleksandr Martynov

Trinidad and Tobago
1956
-
dates
Keith Rowley

Tunisia
1969
-
dates
Youssef Chahed

Turkey (List)
1920
yes
dates
Binali Yıldırım

Turkmenistan
1924
-
dates
(Post abolished)

Turks and Caicos Islands
1976
yes
dates
Sharlene Cartwright-Robinson

Tuvalu
1975
n/a
dates
Enele Sopoaga

Uganda
1961
yes
dates
Ruhakana Rugunda

Ukraine (List)
1917
-
dates
Volodymyr Groysman

United Arab Emirates
1971
-
years
Sheikh Mohammed bin Rashid Al Maktoum

United Kingdom (List)
1721
yes
dates
Theresa May

Uruguay
No List (post established 1919)
-
-
(post abolished)

Uzbekistan
1924
-
dates
Abdulla Aripov

Vanuatu
1980
yes
dates
Charlot Salwai

Vatican
1644
-
years
Cardinal Pietro Parolin

Vietnam
1976
yes
dates
Nguyễn Xuân Phúc

Yemen
1990
yes
years
Ahmed Obeid bin Daghr

Western Sahara
1976
no
years
Abdelkader Taleb Oumar

Zambia
1964
yes
dates
(Post abolished)

Zimbabwe
1923
-
dates
(Post abolished)


document_title: Figure skating at the 2018 Winter Olympics – Men's singles

question_text: who won the mens single ice skating 2018

text: Summary[edit]

text: With his victory at the 2018 Winter Olympics, Yuzuru Hanyu became the first male figure skater to win two consecutive gold medals after Dick Button, who did so in 1952. Fellow countryman Shoma Uno won the silver medal, and Spain's Javier Fernández won the bronze medal. Fernández won Spain's first figure skating medal and fourth medal at the Winter Olympics.

text: After the short program, Hanyu, Fernández, Uno, and Jin Boyang were first, second, third, and fourth respectively. Nathan Chen, originally one of the favorites for the podium, skated an uncharacteristically poor short program that placed him at 17th, but fought back to win the free skating with a score of 215.08--8.91 points above the second place free skating by Hanyu. He ended up fifth overall. In the free program, Jin Boyang overtook Chen by less than a point overall, and placed fourth.

text: In the victory ceremony, the medals were presented by Tsunekazu Takeda, member of the International Olympic Committee, accompanied by Alexander Lakernik, ISU Figure Skating Vice President.

text: Vincent Zhou landed the first quadruple lutz at the Olympics. Nathan Chen became the first to ever land six quads, five clean. He also landed the first quadruple flip at the Olympics. [5] With these jumps he holds the new record for highest free skating technical score.[6] For complete list of figure skating records, see list of highest scores in figure skating.

text: Qualification[edit]

text: A total of 30 skaters qualified to compete for the event, with each country allowed to only enter a maximum of three. 24 quotas were handed out during the 2017 World Figure Skating Championships and the remaining six were given out at the 2017 CS Nebelhorn Trophy. Each country decided the entry of its teams, and athletes winning the quota were not necessarily granted the right to compete.[7] All athletes competing must have met the minimum total elements score, which does not include component scores. For the short program this was 25.00 and the free skating 45.00.[8]

text: Schedule[edit]

text: All times are (UTC+9).

text:
Date
Time
Round

16 February
10:00[3]
Short program

17 February
10:00[3]
Free skating

text: Results[edit]

text: Short program[edit]

text: The short program was held on 16 February 2018.[3][9]

text:
Pl.
Name
Nation
TSS
TES
PCS
SS
TR
PE
CH
IN
Ded
StN

1
Yuzuru Hanyu
 Japan
111.68
63.18
48.50
9.71
9.43
9.86
9.75
9.75
0.00
25

2
Javier Fernández
 Spain
107.58
59.79
47.79
9.36
9.36
9.71
9.68
9.68
0.00
29

3
Shoma Uno
 Japan
104.17
58.13
46.04
9.29
9.00
9.25
9.29
9.21
0.00
28

4
Jin Boyang
 China
103.32
60.27
43.05
8.79
8.29
8.82
8.54
8.61
0.00
30

5
Dmitri Aliev
 Olympic Athletes from Russia
98.98
56.98
42.00
8.43
8.11
8.50
8.50
8.46
0.00
20

6
Patrick Chan
 Canada
90.01
45.08
45.93
9.36
9.07
9.00
9.29
9.21
–1.00
21

7
Adam Rippon
 United States
87.95
44.48
43.47
8.57
8.43
8.86
8.68
8.93
0.00
19

8
Mikhail Kolyada
 Olympic Athletes from Russia
86.69
43.84
43.85
8.96
8.54
8.64
8.82
8.89
–1.00
27

9
Michal Březina
 Czech Republic
85.15
44.34
40.81
8.25
7.89
8.25
8.21
8.21
0.00
13

10
Keegan Messing
 Canada
85.11
45.50
40.61
8.04
7.96
8.07
8.29
8.25
−1.00
12

11
Jorik Hendrickx
 Belgium
84.74
44.17
40.57
7.96
7.89
8.25
8.18
8.29
0.00
17

12
Vincent Zhou
 United States
84.53
48.50
36.03
7.39
6.96
7.11
7.32
7.25
0.00
3

13
Oleksii Bychenko
 Israel
84.13
43.63
40.50
7.93
7.71
8.36
8.18
8.32
0.00
23

14
Misha Ge
 Uzbekistan
83.90
41.75
42.15
8.18
8.18
8.54
8.46
8.79
0.00
16

15
Cha Jun-hwan
 South Korea
83.43
43.79
39.64
7.93
7.68
8.07
8.00
7.96
0.00
14

16
Brendan Kerry
 Australia
83.06
45.49
37.57
7.57
7.36
7.61
7.57
7.46
0.00
10

17
Nathan Chen
 United States
82.27
41.39
41.88
8.46
8.32
8.14
8.57
8.39
–1.00
26

18
Daniel Samohin
 Israel
80.69
43.29
38.40
7.79
7.29
7.79
7.71
7.82
–1.00
18

19
Yan Han
 China
80.63
40.99
40.64
8.46
8.07
7.86
8.18
8.07
−1.00
8

20
Keiji Tanaka
 Japan
80.05
40.30
40.75
8.36
7.86
8.07
8.21
8.25
–1.00
22

21
Deniss Vasiļjevs
 Latvia
79.52
39.34
41.18
8.25
8.00
8.18
8.39
8.36
–1.00
24

22
Moris Kvitelashvili
 Georgia
76.56
40.88
36.68
7.46
7.11
7.32
7.43
7.36
−1.00
11

23
Matteo Rizzo
 Italy
75.63
39.23
36.40
7.29
7.11
7.29
7.39
7.32
0.00
5

24
Paul Fentz
 Germany
74.73
37.71
37.02
7.46
7.25
7.46
7.46
7.39
0.00
15

Did not advance to free skating

25
Julian Yee
 Malaysia
73.58
38.37
35.21
7.07
6.82
7.11
7.14
7.07
0.00
9

26
Chafik Besseghier
 France
72.10
38.41
33.69
6.79
6.29
6.89
6.86
6.86
0.00
2

27
Denis Ten
 Kazakhstan
70.12
30.77
39.35
8.11
7.82
7.46
8.07
7.89
0.00
4

28
Michael Christian Martinez
 Philippines
55.56
26.04
29.52
5.96
5.64
5.96
6.00
5.96
0.00
6

29
Felipe Montoya
 Spain
52.41
22.59
30.82
6.25
6.07
6.00
6.25
6.25
−1.00
1

30
Yaroslav Paniot
 Ukraine
46.58
18.68
29.90
6.43
5.79
5.61
6.21
5.86
−2.00
7

text:
Notes:
WR - World record
TSS - Total Segment Score; TES - Technical Element Score; PCS - Program Component Score
SS - Skating Skills; TR - Transitions; PE - Performance/Execution
CH - Choreography; IN - Interpretation; Ded - Deduction; StN - Starting Number

text: Free skating[edit]

text: The free skating was held on 17 February 2018.[3][10]

text:
Pl.
Name
Nation
TSS
TES
PCS
SS
TR
PE
CH
IN
Ded
StN

1
Nathan Chen
 United States
215.08
127.64
87.44
8.82
8.32
9.04
8.79
8.75
0.00
9

2
Yuzuru Hanyu
 Japan
206.17
109.55
96.62
9.71
9.50
9.64
9.71
9.75
0.00
22

3
Shoma Uno
 Japan
202.73
111.01
92.72
9.36
9.07
9.25
9.32
9.36
–1.00
24

4
Javier Fernández
 Spain
197.66
101.52
96.14
9.46
9.43
9.64
9.79
9.75
0.00
23

5
Jin Boyang
 China
194.45
109.69
85.76
8.71
8.21
8.64
8.68
8.64
–1.00
20

6
Vincent Zhou
 United States
192.16
112.24
79.92
8.04
7.71
8.25
7.96
8.00
0.00
15

7
Mikhail Kolyada
 Olympic Athletes from Russia
177.56
91.62
87.94
9.00
8.64
8.68
8.86
8.72
–2.00
16

8
Patrick Chan
 Canada
173.42
81.56
91.86
9.32
9.14
8.66
9.29
9.32
0.00
21

9
Oleksii Bychenko
 Israel
172.88
89.08
83.80
8.39
8.04
8.61
8.43
8.43
0.00
7

10
Adam Rippon
 United States
171.41
84.47
86.94
8.75
8.54
8.68
8.71
8.79
0.00
18

11
Daniel Samohin
 Israel
170.75
89.03
81.72
8.32
7.75
8.32
8.18
8.29
0.00
8

12
Keegan Messing
 Canada
170.32
84.88
85.44
8.50
8.29
8.61
8.61
8.71
0.00
14

13
Dmitri Aliev
 Olympic Athletes from Russia
168.53
85.39
85.13
8.64
8.39
8.32
8.61
8.61
–2.00
19

14
Cha Jun-hwan
 South Korea
165.16
84.94
81.22
8.21
7.86
8.25
8.11
8.18
–1.00
13

15
Keiji Tanaka
 Japan
164.78
85.64
81.14
8.36
7.89
8.00
8.18
8.14
–2.00
5

16
Jorik Hendrickx
 Belgium
164.21
81.79
82.42
8.25
7.96
8.36
8.25
8.39
0.00
13

17
Misha Ge
 Uzbekistan
161.04
74.96
86.08
8.46
8.36
8.54
8.75
8.93
0.00
10

18
Michal Březina
 Czech Republic
160.92
76.58
84.34
8.57
8.21
8.39
8.57
8.43
0.00
17

19
Matteo Rizzo
 Italy
156.78
80.86
75.92
7.64
7.32
7.79
7.64
7.57
0.00
2

20
Deniss Vasiļjevs
 Latvia
155.06
76.42
80.64
8.14
7.86
7.96
8.18
8.18
–2.00
1

21
Brendan Kerry
 Australia
150.75
73.33
77.42
7.96
7.54
7.68
7.82
7.71
0.00
12

22
Paul Fentz
 Germany
139.82
66.98
72.84
7.50
7.14
7.14
7.39
7.25
0.00
3

23
Yan Han
 China
132.38
53.80
79.58
8.56
7.82
7.57
8.04
8.00
–1.00
4

24
Moris Kvitelashvili
 Georgia
128.01
63.35
70.66
7.34
6.86
6.68
7.32
7.04
–6.00
6

text:
Notes:
TSS - Total Segment Score; TES - Technical Element Score; PCS - Program Component Score
SS - Skating Skills; TR - Transitions; PE - Performance/Execution
CH - Choreography; IN - Interpretation; Ded - Deduction; StN - Starting Number

text: Overall[edit]

text: The skaters were ranked according to their overall score.[11]

text:
Rank
Name
Nation
TP
SP
FS

01 !
Yuzuru Hanyu
 Japan
317.85
111.68
1
206.17
2

02 !
Shoma Uno
 Japan
306.90
104.17
3
202.73
3

03 !
Javier Fernández
 Spain
305.24
107.58
2
197.66
4

4
Jin Boyang
 China
297.77
103.32
4
194.45
5

5
Nathan Chen
 United States
297.35
82.27
17
215.08
1

6
Vincent Zhou
 United States
276.69
84.53
12
192.16
6

7
Dmitri Aliev
 Olympic Athletes from Russia
267.51
98.98
5
168.53
13

8
Mikhail Kolyada
 Olympic Athletes from Russia
264.25
86.69
8
177.56
7

9
Patrick Chan
 Canada
263.43
90.01
6
173.42
8

10
Adam Rippon
 United States
259.36
87.95
7
171.41
10

11
Oleksii Bychenko
 Israel
257.01
84.13
13
172.88
9

12
Keegan Messing
 Canada
255.43
85.11
10
170.32
12

13
Daniel Samohin
 Israel
251.44
80.69
18
170.75
11

14
Jorik Hendrickx
 Belgium
248.95
84.74
11
164.21
16

15
Cha Jun-hwan
 South Korea
248.59
83.43
15
165.16
14

16
Michal Březina
 Czech Republic
246.07
85.15
9
160.92
18

17
Misha Ge
 Uzbekistan
244.94
83.90
14
161.04
17

18
Keiji Tanaka
 Japan
244.83
80.05
20
164.78
15

19
Deniss Vasiļjevs
 Latvia
234.58
79.52
21
155.06
20

20
Brendan Kerry
 Australia
233.81
83.06
16
150.75
21

21
Matteo Rizzo
 Italy
232.41
75.63
23
156.78
19

22
Paul Fentz
 Germany
214.55
74.73
24
139.82
22

23
Yan Han
 China
213.01
80.63
19
132.38
23

24
Moris Kvitelashvili
 Georgia
204.57
76.56
22
128.01
24

Did not advance to free skating

25
Julian Yee
 Malaysia

73.58
25

26
Chafik Besseghier
 France

72.10
26

27
Denis Ten
 Kazakhstan

70.12
27

28
Michael Christian Martinez
 Philippines

55.56
28

29
Felipe Montoya
 Spain

52.41
29

30
Yaroslav Paniot
 Ukraine

46.58
30

text: TP - Total points; SP - Short program; FS - Free skating


document_title: These Days (Foo Fighters song)

question_text: where was foo fighters one of these days video filmed

text: These Days (Foo Fighters song)

text: Music video[edit]

text: The official video was released on January 30, 2012. The video featured live shots from their June 2011 Milton Keynes performances, Australian and New Zealand tour. It was directed by Wayne Isham.[4]

text: Reception[edit]

text: The writers of Rolling Stone magazine named it the fourth best single of the year.[5] As of April 9, 2012 "These Days" spent sixteen weeks on the Australian Singles Chart,[6] and was certified gold in Australia.[7]

text: Charts and certifications[edit]

text: Weekly charts[edit]

text:
Chart (2011–12)
Peak
position

Australia (ARIA)[6]
60

Belgium (Ultratip Flanders)[8]
10

Canada (Canadian Hot 100)[9]
63

Canada Rock (Billboard)[10]
1

Mexico Ingles Airplay (Billboard)[11]
37

Poland (LP3)[12]
26

UK Rock and Metal (Official Charts Company)[13]
19

US Bubbling Under Hot 100 Singles (Billboard)[14]
11

US Alternative Songs (Billboard)[15]
2

US Mainstream Rock (Billboard)[16]
3

US Hot Rock Songs (Billboard)[17]
2

text: Certifications[edit]

text:
Region
Certification
Certified units/Sales

Australia (ARIA)[18]
Gold
35,000^

*sales figures based on certification alone


document_title: List of governors of Maharashtra

question_text: what is the name of governor of maharashtra

text: List of governors of Maharashtra

text: Powers and duties(Functions)[edit]

text: The Governor appoints many top authorities as follows:

text:
Advocate General of Maharashtra.
Lokayukta and Upa Lokayukta.
State Election Commissioner
Chairman and Members of the Maharashtra Administrative Tribunal.
Chairman and Members of the Maharashtra State Human Rights Commission.
Chairman and Members of the Maharashtra Public Service Commission (MPSC).
Chairmen and Members of the 3 Development Boards.
Sheriff of Mumbai.
State Chief Information Commissioner.

text: Governors of Maharashtra[edit]

text: This is a list of governors of the erstwhile Bombay State and Maharashtra:[2]

text:
#
Name
Took Office
Left Office

1
John Colville, PC, GCIE
1943
1948

2
Raja Sir Maharaj Singh, CIE
1948
1952

3
Sir Girija Shankar Bajpai, KCSI, KBE, CIE
1952
1954

4
Dr Harekrushna Mahatab
1955
1956

5
Sri Prakasa
1956
1962

6
Dr P. Subbarayan
17 April 1962
6 October 1962

7
Vijaya Lakshmi Pandit
28 November 1962
18 October 1964

8
Dr P V Cherian
14 November 1964
8 November 1969

9
Ali Yavar Jung
26 February 1970
11 December 1976

10
Sri Sadiq Ali
30 April 1977
3 November 1980

11
Air Chief Marshal O P Mehra
3 November 1980
5 March 1982

12
Air Chief Marshal I H Latif
6 March 1982
16 April 1985

13
Kona Prabhakara Rao
31 May 1985
2 April 1986

14
Dr. Shankar Dayal Sharma
3 April 1986
2 September 1987

15
Kasu Brahmananda Reddy
20 February 1988
18 January 1990

16
Dr. C Subramaniam
15 February 1990
9 January 1993

17
Dr. P.C. Alexander
12 January 1993
13 July 2002

18
Mohammed Fazal
10 October 2002
5 December 2004

19
S.M. Krishna
12 December 2004
5 March 2008

20
S.C. Jamir
9 March 2008
22 January 2010

21
Kateekal Sankaranarayanan
22 January 2010
24 August 2014

22
Chennamaneni Vidyasagar Rao
30 August 2014
Present


document_title: List of television stations in Arizona

question_text: what channel is abc on in phoenix arizona

text: List of television stations in Arizona

text: Full-power stations[edit]

text: VC refers to the station's PSIP virtual channel. RF refers to the station's physical RF channel.

text:
Area served
City of license
VC
RF
Callsign
Network
Notes

Bullhead City
~Laughlin NV
34
32
KMCC
Tuff TV
TheCoolTV on 34.2

Douglas
Douglas
3
36
KFTU-DT
UniMas
Univision on 3.2

Flagstaff
Flagstaff
2
22
KNAZ-TV
NBC
Satellite of KPNX ch. 12 Mesa/Phoenix

Flagstaff
Flagstaff
13
13
KFPH-DT
UniMas
UNI (KTVW-DT simulcast) on 13.2

Holbrook
Holbrook
11
11
KDTP
Daystar

Kingman
Kingman
6
19
KMOH-TV
America Teve

Phoenix
Phoenix
3
24
KTVK
Ind.
Comet on 3.2, Weather on 3.3

Phoenix
Phoenix
5
17
KPHO-TV
CBS
Cozi TV on 5.2

Phoenix
Prescott
7
7
KAZT-TV
Ind.
MeTV on 7.2, HSN on 7.3, Charge! on 7.4

Phoenix
Phoenix
8
8
KAET
PBS
EightLife on 8.2, World on 8.3, PBS Kids on 8.4, KBAQ Radio on 8.5

Phoenix
Phoenix
10
10
KSAZ-TV
Fox
Light TV on 10.4| Heroes & Icons on 10.2; Mobile/handheld feed

Phoenix
Mesa
12
12
KPNX
NBC
Weather on 12.2, Justice Network on 12.3; Mobile/handheld feed

Phoenix
Phoenix
15
15
KNXV-TV
ABC
Antenna TV on 15.2, Laff on 15.3

Phoenix
Phoenix
21
20
KPAZ-TV
TBN
Church Channel on 21.2, JUCE TV/Smile of a Child on 21.3, Enlace on 21.4, TBN Salsa on 21.5

Phoenix
Phoenix
33
33
KTVW-DT
UNI
Grit on 33.3, Bounce TV on 33.4

Phoenix
Phoenix
39
39
KTAZ
TEL
Exitos on 39.2, Cozi TV on 39.3

Phoenix
Phoenix
45
26
KUTP
MyNetworkTV
Movies! on 45.2, Bounce TV on 45.3

Phoenix
Tolleson
51
31
KPPX-TV
ION
Qubo on 51.2, Ion Life on 51.3, Ion Shop on 51.4, QVC on 51.5, HSN on 51.6

Phoenix
Phoenix
61
49
KASW
CW
Mobile/handheld feed of KTVK 3.1

Tucson
Tucson
4
23
KVOA
NBC
Cozi TV on 4.2

Tucson
Tucson
6
30
KUAT-TV
PBS
KUAT Kids on 6.2, Ready TV/World on 6.3

Tucson
Tucson
9
9
KGUN-TV
ABC
Laff on 9.2, Antenna TV on 9.3

Tucson
Tucson
11
25
KMSB
Fox
Movies! on 11.2, Justice Network on 11.3

Tucson
Tucson
13
32
KOLD-TV
CBS
MeTV on 13.2, Grit on 13.3

Tucson
Tucson
18
19
KTTU
MyNetworkTV
Estrella TV on 18.2

Tucson
Tucson
27
28
KUAS-TV
PBS
Satellite of KUAT-TV ch. 6 Tucson; KUAT Kids on 27.2, Ready TV/World on 27.3

Tucson
Tucson
40
40
KHRR
TEL
Exitos on 40.2, ION on 40.3

Tucson
Green Valley
46
46
KUVE-DT
UNI

Tucson
Sierra Vista
58
44
KWBA-TV
CW
LATV on 58.2, This TV on 58.3

Yuma
~El Centro CA
7
22
KVYE
Univision
LATV on 7.2

Yuma
~El Centro CA
9
9
KECY-TV
Fox
ABC on 9.2, CW on 9.3, TEL (KESE-LP simulcast) on 9.4

Yuma
Yuma
11
11
KYMA-DT
NBC
This TV on 11.2

Yuma
Yuma
13
13
KSWT
CBS
Tuff TV on 13.2, Estrella TV on 13.3

Yuma
~Calipatria CA
54
36
KAJB
UniMas
MundoFox on 54.2

text: Defunct full-power stations[edit]

text:
Channel 3: KCDA - Ind. - Douglas (2/27/1961-8/?/1961)
Channel 4: KTFL - FamilyNet - Flagstaff (1/1/2002-6/1/2006)
Channel 9: KCFG - Ind. - Flagstaff (12/20/2000-9/6/2012)
Channel 10: KOY-TV - ABC - Phoenix (10/19/1953-5/5/1954, shared time with KOOL-TV)
Channel 11: KIVA - ABC/CBS/NBC - Yuma (10/8/1953-1/31/1970)
Channel 13: KVLS - Flagstaff (12/18/1961-7/15/1963)
Channel 40: KPOL - Ind. - Tucson (1/1/1985-10/17/1989)

text: LPTV stations[edit]

text:
Area served
City of license
ch
DT
VC
Callsign
Network
Notes

Cottonwood
Camp Verde

18
18
K18DD-D
Religious independent
Serves Verde, Chino and Prescott Valleys
Amazing Facts TV on 18.2, 3ABN on 18.3, Hope Channel on 18.4

Cottonwood
Camp Verde
19

K19FD
Silent

Cottonwood
Camp Verde
31

K31LZ
CBS
retransmission of KPHO

Duncan
Duncan, etc.
17

K17CM
TBN

Flagstaff
Flagstaff
23

K23HB

Fortuna
Fortuna
41

KBFY-LP

Globe
Globe

16
16
K16FB-D
UniMás
Bounce TV on 16.2, GetTV on 16.3, Escape on 16.4

Globe
Globe

29
29
KDOS-LP
Univision
UniMás on 29.2, Grit on 29.3

Kingman
Hilltop
36

KKAX-LP
America One

Lake Havasu City
Lake Havasu City
23

K23BJ
America One

Lake Havasu City
Lake Havasu City
25

K25AL
TBN

Lake Havasu City
Lake Havasu City

27
27
K27EC-D
CTVN
Smile of a Child TV on 27.2, JUCE TV on 27.3

Lake Havasu City
Lake Havasu City, etc.
36

K36DU
The Worship Network

Lake Havasu City
Lake Havasu City

45
45
KLHU-CD
The Family Channel
Class A station

Northern Arizona
Flagstaff

19
19
K19IP-D
Good News TV
Good News TV on 19.1, GNTV Latino on 19.2, 3ABN Proclaim on 19.3, Amazing Facts TV on 19.4

Northern Arizona
Payson

22
12
KPSN-LD
NBC
AccuWeather on 12.2

Northern Arizona
Flagstaff

27
6
KTVW-CD
Univision
KTVW-DT 33.1 retransmission

Northern Arizona
Payson

38
38
K38LW-D
Good News TV
Good News TV on 38.1, GNTV Latino on 38.2, 3ABN Proclaim on 38.3, Amazing Facts TV on 38.4

Northern Arizona
Flagstaff

42
42
K42IQ-D
GCN

Northern Arizona
Flagstaff

50
5
K50HU-D
CBS
Weather on 5.2

Parker
Parker

49
49
KJPO-LD

Phoenix
Phoenix

16
44
KPHE-LD
Telemax
Retro TV on 44.2, Rev'n on 44.3, PBJ on 44.4

Phoenix
Phoenix

18
25
K18JL-D
SBN

Phoenix
Gila River Indian Community

21
29
KGRY-LD

Phoenix
Phoenix

22
22
KTVP-LD
3ABN (Good News TV)
SBN on 22.3, 3ABN on 22.4, Almavision on 22.5

Phoenix
Phoenix

35
35
KFPH-CD
UniMás
Bounce TV on 35.2, GetTV on 35.3, Escape on 35.4

Phoenix
Phoenix

36
7
KAZT-CD
Independent
MeTV on 7.2, HSN on 7.3

Phoenix
Phoenix

38
38
K38IZ-D
Spanish independent
Tuff TV on 38.2, music videos on 38.3, ZUUS Country on 38.4

Phoenix
Phoenix

40
40
KEJR-LD
MundoFox
Religious independent on 40.2

Phoenix
Phoenix

41
41
KPDF-CA
Azteca America
Class A station

Phoenix
Phoenix

42
42
KVPA-LD
Estrella TV

Phoenix
Phoenix

46
48
KDPH-LD
Daystar
JTV on 48.2

Phoenix
Globe

50
50
KFPB-LD
Tele Vida Abundante
ESNE TV on 50.2, Informercials on 50.3, Spanish independent on 50.4, music videos on 50.5, TeLe-Romántica on 50.6

Phoenix
Phoenix
58

KDTP-LP
Silent

Prescott
Prescott
20

K20IA

Prescott
Prescott

32
32
K32LO-D
3ABN
3ABN on 32.2 and 32.3, Amazing Facts TV on 32.4

Quartzsite
Quartzsite

21
21
KRPO-LD
Spanish religious

Show Low
Show Low
10

KWKM-LP
America One

Snowflake
Snowflake
12

KWSJ-LP
America One

Tacna
Tacna
27

KYPO-LP
Spanish religious

Tucson
Casas Adobes

4
4
K04QP-D
NBC
Cozi TV on 4.2

Tucson
Tucson

14
14
KUDF-LP
Azteca America

Tucson
Tucson

18
34
KFTU-CD
UniMás
Univision on 34.2

Tucson
Tucson

21
21
K21CX-D
HSN

Tucson
Tucson
29

KPCE-LP
Daystar

Tucson
Tucson

42
34
KUVE-CD
Univision

Tucson
Tucson
48

K48GX
UniMás

Yuma
Yuma
2

KYUM-LP
Tele Vida Abundante

Yuma
Yuma

17
17
K17LM-D
3ABN
3ABN on 17.2 to 17.6, Radio 74 on 17.7

Yuma
Yuma
33
33

K33MD-D
Cadenatres // XHILA-TDT

Yuma
Yuma
35

KESE-LP
Telemundo

~Laughlin, NV
Bullhead City

25
25
K25HD-D
CTVN

~Gallup, NM
Window Rock

45
5
K45LU-D
PBS
V-me on 5.2

~St. George, UT
Littlefield

31
10
K31EA-D
FOX

text: Translators[edit]

text:
Area served
City of license
ch
DT
VC
Callsign
Network
Notes

Bullhead City
Bullhead City
51

K51IO
Tuff TV

Camp Verde
Camp Verde
21

K21GE
3ABN

Camp Verde
Camp Verde
23

K23FZ
AFTV

Camp Verde
Camp Verde
25

K25MK-D
NBC
retransmission of KPNX

Camp Verde
Camp Verde
47

K47IK
PBS
retransmission of KAET

Camp Verde
Camp Verde
49

K49HP

retransmission of KTVK

Cottonwood
Verde Valley, etc.

46
32
K46IL-D
ABC
serves Verde and Prescott Valley areas

Flagstaff
Phoenix
14

K14KK-D
PBS
KAET 8.1 retransmission

Gila River Indian Community
Phoenix

19
19
KGRF-LD
First Nations Experience

Gila River Indian Community
Phoenix

29
29
KGRQ-LD
First Nations Experience

Globe
Madera Peak

22
10
K22JD-D
FOX
Rebroadcaster of KSAZ-TV

Prescott
Prescott
47

KDFQ-LP
Silent

Safford
Safford
15

KZOL-LP
Univision
KTVW 33.1 retransmission; Application to move to channel 16 digital

Shonto
Shonto
38

K38CX
TBN

Show Low
Snowflake, etc.

3
8
K03FB-D
PBS/PBS Encore/World/PBS Kids/KBAQ
retransmission of KAET

Sierra Vista
Sierra Vista
20

K20FO

Yuma
Yuma

39
39
K39KW-D
3ABN
3ABN on 39.2 and 39.3, Amazing Facts TV on 39.4


document_title: White House Executive Chef

question_text: who cooks for the president of the united states

text: White House Executive Chef

text: History[edit]

text: Early White House cooks and chefs[edit]

text: Beginning with George Washington, slaves prepared food for American presidents, First Families, and for social gatherings.[1] Although slavery ended in the United States after the American Civil War, African Americans continued to provide nearly all the cooking in the White House kitchen. Occasionally, a professional chef was used beginning in the latter half of the 1800s.[2] President Ulysses S. Grant utilized a Union Army cook until his embarrassed wife forced him to hire an Italian-trained chef.[3] President Rutherford B. Hayes utilized the services of cook and nurse Winnie Monroe, a freed African American slave.[4] Chester Arthur used a cook who formerly worked at his private residence as his White House chef for casual dining, and hired French-trained professional chef Alexander Fortin to oversee preparation of important political meals and state dinners.[5][6] President Grover Cleveland also used a French chef to prepare his meals during his first term.[7] President Benjamin Harrison had a French chef as well, but fired him after only a short time in favor of the services of Dolly Johnson, a freed African American slave who had cooked for the Harrisons in Indianapolis.[8] President William McKinley hired a local cook for everyday dining, but a French-trained chef traveled from New York City to prepare formal dinners.[9]

text: Swedish native Sigrid Nilsson served as President Woodrow Wilson's chief cook at the White House from 1915 to 1919.[10] American-trained professional chef Alice Howard served presidents Theodore Roosevelt, William Howard Taft, and Woodrow Wilson,[11] while "head cook" Katherine Bruckner worked for Herbert Hoover[12] and Henrietta Nesbitt served as housekeeper and head cook for Franklin D. Roosevelt.[13][14] Vietta Garr, President Harry S. Truman's long-time personal cook and domestic assistant, came to the White House as head cook in 1945 after Truman fired Nesbitt for insubordination.[15][16] Dwight D. Eisenhower utilized the services of French-trained chef François Rysavy from 1954 to 1957[17] and former United States Navy chef Pedro Udo (a Filipino) from 1957 to 1960.[18][a] Zephyr Wright, one of the last personal chefs to work in the White House, prepared meals for President Lyndon B. Johnson.[20]

text: Executive Chef[edit]

text: In 1961, First Lady Jacqueline Kennedy reorganized the White House staff under her supervision, and created the title of Executive Chef for the first time.[21] Kennedy hired French-born and -trained chef René Verdon, who served until 1965. Verdon established a new standard for White House dining, one in which only the highest quality ingredients and cooking techniques were acceptable. The first meal he crafted for the White House, a lunch for British Prime Minister Harold Macmillan, was featured on the front page of The New York Times.[22]

text: Verdon resigned at the end of 1965 in a dispute with President Lyndon B. Johnson over the cuisine being offered at the White House. The Johnsons brought long-time family cook Zephyr White to the Executive Residence, where she became the First Family's personal chef.[23] For formal dining, the Johnsons hired 43-year-old Swiss-born, American-trained chef Henry Haller to be Executive Chef. Haller proved so popular that he remained in the position until October 1, 1987.[24]

text: Jon Hill, a 33-year-old American-born and -trained chef, served as Executive Chef from October 1, 1987, to January 8, 1988. Hill resigned after First Lady Nancy Reagan expressed significant disapproval of his cooking and presentation. He was replaced by White House assistant chef Hans Raffert.[25] Raffert, a German-born chef who trained throughout Europe, joined the Nixon White House kitchen staff in 1969, and was the first White House chef to create a gingerbread house as part of the Executive Residence Christmas decorations. Raffert was 60 when he became Executive Chef, and retired in October 1992 just before he turned 65.[26] French-born and trained chef Pierre Chambrin succeeded Raffert as Executive Chef, but he was asked to resign in March 1994 after refusing to cook the low-fat American cuisine favored by President Bill and First Lady Hillary Clinton.[27]

text: Walter Scheib was appointed Executive Chef in April 1994.[28] While his tenure under the Clintons was a happy one, he had a more difficult time meeting the needs of President George W. Bush, First Lady Laura Bush, and Mrs. Bush's Social Secretary, Lea Berman. Laura Bush wanted a more formal presentation, and President Bush disliked soup, salad, and poached fish—staples of Scheib's cuisine.[29] Scheib was fired by the Bushes in February 2005,[30] and succeeded in August 2005 by Cristeta Comerford, a White House sous-chef whom Scheib had hired in 1995.[31] Comerford was the first woman to be selected for the post.[32]

text: President Barack Obama retained Comerford as Executive Chef,[33] but brought chef Sam Kass from Chicago to act as the First Family's personal chef. Kass, who assumed several policy positions in the White House as well, resigned in December 2014.[34] In November 2009, Marcus Samuelsson became the first guest chef at a White House state dinner when Comerford temporarily stepped aside to allow him to cook for Indian Prime Minister Manmohan Singh.[35]

text: Comerford was retained as Executive Chef by President Donald Trump.[36]

text: List of Executive Chefs[edit]

text:
René Verdon 1961–1965
Henry Haller 1966–1987
Jon Hill 1987–1988
Hans Raffert 1988–1992
Pierre Chambrin 1992–1994
Walter Scheib 1994–2005
Cristeta Comerford 2005–present

text: Duties and staff[edit]

text: The Executive Chef is the manager and executive chef of the three White House kitchens.[37] The Executive Chef also supervises a staff of five,[21][38][b] and a part-time staff of 20 to 25 assistant chefs and kitchen helpers.[21][38] The Executive Chef is responsible for planning and preparing all menus and meals for the First Family and for all entertaining (informal, formal, and state dinners) served by the White House, either away or on-site.[37][32]

text: The Executive Chef is formally hired by the First Lady,[32] and reports to the White House Chief Usher.[37] The Executive Chef has no purview over any of the desserts or pastries served at the White House. The White House Executive Pastry Chef operates as a separate entity, but coordinates with the Executive Chef for all meals and events.[40]

text: The White House Executive Chef made between $80,000 and $100,000 annually in 2005.[21] The chef receives no overtime, and the workload can vary considerably depending on whether the First Family is in residence or traveling, if there is a special event, or if a holiday occurs.[28]

text: The kitchen[edit]

text: The White House Executive Chef works in one of two kitchens at the White House: The main kitchen, which is located in the northeast corner of the Ground Floor of the White House,[41] and the Family Kitchen on the Second Floor.[42] The Executive Pastry Chef works in the Pastry Kitchen on the mezzanine of the sub-basement.[43] The main kitchen was last renovated in 1971.[44]

text: As of 2011, the White House Executive Chef used a natural gas oven and range manufactured by Vulcan Restaurant Equipment; a Traulsen refrigerator and freezer; a Cimbali M32 espresso machine; a Hobart 300 gravity-fed food slicer; Mauviel stainless steel pots and pans; and Misono knives.[45]