document_title: Pokémon: The First Movie

question_text: who voiced mewtwo in pokemon the first movie

text: Pokémon: The First Movie

text: Plot[edit]

text: Pikachu's Vacation[edit]

text: The Pokémon of Ash Ketchum, Misty, and Brock are sent to spend a day at a theme park built for Pokémon. Pikachu, Togepi, Bulbasaur, and Squirtle cross paths with a group of bullies consisting of a Raichu, Cubone, Marill, and a Snubbull. The two groups compete against each other in sports, but it leads to Ash’s Charizard getting its head stuck in a pipe. Pikachu, his friends, and the bullies work together and successfully free Charizard and rebuild the park, spending the rest of the day playing before parting ways when their trainers return.

text: Origin of Mewtwo[edit]

text: Scientist Dr. Fuji is hired by Giovanni, leader of Team Rocket, to utilize his expertise in cloning in order to create a living weapon based on an eyelash from legendary Pokémon Mew. Fuji is revealed to be allying with Giovanni as a means to fund his side project: the resurrection of his deceased daughter Amber. In a laboratory, the weapon eventually gains sentience and is named Mewtwo. Mewtwo befriends the salvaged consciousness of Amber, named Ambertwo, as well as the clones of other Pokemon in the laboratory. However, Mewtwo is left deeply traumatized after Ambertwo and the rest of the clones decompose and die. In order to stabilize him, Fuji tranquilizes Mewtwo, causing him to forget the time he spent with his friends.

text: Mewtwo Strikes Back[edit]

text: After Mewtwo fully matures and awakens from a long slumber in a laboratory on New Island, he learns of his origin as Mew's clone from Dr. Fuji. Infuriated that Fuji and his colleagues see him as nothing more than an experiment, he unleashes his psychic powers and destroys the laboratory. Giovanni, witnessing the carnage afar, approaches and convinces Mewtwo to work with him to hone his powers. However, after Mewtwo learns of his purpose to be a weapon for Giovanni's benefit, he escapes back to New Island where he plots revenge against humanity.

text: After Mewtwo rebuilds the laboratory and establishes base there, he invites several trainers with hologram messages to battle the world's greatest Pokémon trainer at New Island. Ash, Misty, and Brock receive a message and accept the invitation, but when they arrive at the port city, Old Shore Wharf, Mewtwo creates a storm, causing the boats on the wharf to be closed off for safety. As a result, Ash's group are picked up by Team Rocket disguised as Vikings on a boat. After the storm sinks their vessel in the middle of the ocean, and Ash and his friends use their Pokémon instead to reach New Island.

text: Escorted into the island's palace by the woman who appeared on the hologram, Ash and the other trainers who were able to reach the island encounter Mewtwo. The woman is revealed to be a brainwashed Nurse Joy after she is released from Mewtwo's mind control. After describing his plot to use the storm to wipe out humanity and Pokémon loyal to humans, Mewtwo challenges the trainers using cloned Pokémon coincidentally modeled after the deceased friends from his childhood. Meanwhile, Team Rocket also reach New Island and explore its inner sanctum with a Mew innocuously following them. After Mewtwo's clones effortlessly defeat the challengers' Pokémon, he confiscates them and expands his clone army. Ash chases after his captured Pikachu down the cloning lab, where Team Rocket's Meowth is also cloned. Ash destroys the cloning machine, frees the captured Pokémon, and leads them to confront Mewtwo and his clones. Mew then reveals itself and Mewtwo challenges it in order to prove his superiority.

text: All of the Pokémon originals battle their clones save for a defiant Pikachu and Meowth, who makes peace with his own clone after realizing the senselessness of their fighting. Horrified at the pain and anguish felt on both sides of the battle, Ash puts himself in between a psychic blast caused by Mewtwo and Mew's fighting, leading to Ash to become petrified. Pikachu tries to revive Ash with his thunderbolt but it fails. However, the tears of the Pokémon, as per a legend mentioned earlier in the movie, are able to heal and revive Ash. Moved by Ash's sacrifice, Mewtwo realizes that he should not have to be judged by his origins but rather his choices in life. Departing with Mew and the clones, Mewtwo erases everyone's memories of the event.

text: Ash, Misty, and Brock find themselves back in Old Shore Wharf unsure how they got there. The storm outside clears up, Ash spotting Mew flying through the clouds and tells his friends of how he saw another legendary Pokémon the day he left Pallet Town. Meanwhile, Team Rocket find themselves stranded on New Island but enjoy their time there.

text: Cast[edit]

text:
Character name
Japanese voice actor
English voice actor

Ash Ketchum (Satoshi)
Rica Matsumoto
Veronica Taylor

Pikachu
Ikue Ōtani

Misty (Kasumi)
Mayumi Iizuka
Rachael Lillis

Brock (Takeshi)
Yūji Ueda
Eric Stuart

Narrator
Unshō Ishizuka
Ken Gates

Togepi
Satomi Kōrogi

Jessie (Musashi)
Megumi Hayashibara
Rachael Lillis

James (Kojirō)
Shin-ichiro Miki
Eric Stuart

Meowth (Nyarth)
Inuko Inuyama
Maddie Blaustein

Bulbasaur (Fushigidane)
Megumi Hayashibara
Tara Jayne

Charizard (Lizardon)
Shin-ichiro Miki

Squirtle (Zenigame)
Rikako Aikawa
Eric Stuart

Fergus (Umio)
Wataru Takagi
Jimmy Zoppi

Corey (Sorao)
Tōru Furuya
Ed Paul

Neesha (Sweet)
Aiko Satō
Lisa Ortiz

Miranda (Voyager)
Sachiko Kobayashi
Kayzie Rogers

Pirate Trainer
Raymond Johnson
Maddie Blaustein

Mewtwo
Masachika Ichimura
Fujiko Takimoto (young; radio drama)
Showtaro Morikubo (young; anime)
Philip Bartlett

Mew
Kōichi Yamadera

Giovanni (Sakaki)
Hirotaka Suzuoki
Ed Paul

Officer Jenny (Junsar)
Chinami Nishimura
Lee Quick

Nurse Joy (Joi)
Ayako Shiraishi
Megan Hollingshead

Dr. Fuji
Yōsuke Akimoto
Philip Bartlett

Ambertwo (Aitwo)
Kyōko Hikami
Kerry Williams

text:
Characters that appear only in the radio drama

Character name
Japanese voice actor

Doctor Fuji's wife
Shinobu Adachi

Scientists
Katsuyuki Konishi
Chiyako Shibahara

Investigators
Shinpachi Tsuji
Tomohisa Asō

Researchers
Hidenari Ugaki
Takuma Suzuki
Akio Suyama

Madame Boss
Hiromi Tsuru

Miyamoto
Yumi Tōma

text: Production[edit]

text: Kunihiko Yuyama directed the original Japanese version of the film, while Choji Yoshikawa and Takeshi Shudo served as producer and script writer respectively. Shudo explained in his blog that Mewtwo being torn over his life purpose reflects the film's theme of existentialism. In the Japanese script, for instance, the moment Mewtwo realizes he has a right to be in the world just as much as any other living creature represents the central message of accepting one's existence.[4][5] According to Shudo, certain episodes in the anime were intended to tie-in with the movie prior to its release in Japan and provide background behind the events in the film. However, the controversy surrounding the Dennō Senshi Porygon episode delayed the tie-in episodes, causing Shudo to expand the beginning of the movie and, thus, the length of the film.[6]

text: Norman J. Grossfeld, former president of 4Kids Productions, served as the film's producer for the English-language North American version. Grossfeld, Michael Haigney, and John Touhey wrote the English adaptation, and Haigney served as the English version's voice director.[7] The English script was heavily edited from the original Japanese one; along with various content edits, Mewtwo was portrayed more maliciously because Grossfeld felt American audiences needed to see a "clearly evil" villain rather than a morally ambiguous one. As such, the existentialist themes seen in the Japanese version were significantly toned-down.[8]

text: The English version editors translated various Japanese texts, including those on signs and on buildings, into English. The Shogakukan Production Co. also altered various background from the original version of the film in order to enhance its presentation overseas.[9] In the English dub, three Pokémon are referred to by the wrong name. Pidgeot was called Pidgeotto, Scyther was called Alakazam, and Sandslash was called Sandshrew. 4Kids said that they decided to leave the Alakazam and Sandshrew errors when they noticed it as something for the children watching to notice and because they felt it was plausible in context that Team Rocket could make a mistake.[10]

text: Grossfeld also had new music re-recorded for the film's release, citing that it "would better reflect what American kids would respond to". John Loeffler of Rave Music produced the English-language music and composed the film score with Ralph Schuckett. Loeffler also collaborated with John Lissauer and Manny Corallo to produce the English-language "Pikachu's Vacation" score. Grossfeld also revealed that the English version of the film "combines the visual sense of the best Japanese animation with the musical sensibility of Western pop culture".[9][11][12]

text: Marketing campaign[edit]

text: Toshihiro Ono, author of Pokémon: The Electric Tale of Pikachu, created a manga version of the film. Asked by editors to draw Mewtwo's birth, he received the source material to base the manga off of in April 1998 and finished the manga in May. In July of that year, a five episode radio drama titled The Birth of Mewtwo was broadcast over the five Sundays leading up to the premiere of the movie in Japan. Written by Takeshi Shudo, the drama delves into Mewtwo’s origin prior to the start of the film. It also explores the leadership of Team Rocket under Madame Boss, Giovanni's mother, and the last known whereabouts of Miyamoto (ミヤモト), Jesse's mother. Due to its mature themes, it was never dubbed in English.[4][13] The drama eventually served the basis for the Origin of Mewtwo prologue that would appear in the Complete Version of the film.[3] Since the drama was conceived a few months after the manga, the events depicted in the drama do not match up with the events portrayed in the manga. Ono has even stated that "there's not much connection between the manga and the movie".[14]

text: In the United States, the first trailer was released in August 1999 and was shown before The Iron Giant and Mystery Men. The second trailer was released in the fall of 1999 and was attached to The Bachelor. In addition, select theaters gave away exclusive Pokémon trading cards, to capitalize on the success of the trading card game. The cards featured likenesses of Electabuzz, Pikachu, Mewtwo, and Dragonite, and were dispensed in random order for each week it was in that particular theater. The subsequent releases of Pokémon: The Movie 2000 and Pokémon 3: The Movie featured a similar marketing campaign. For the 2000 home video release of The First Movie, a limited edition Mewtwo card (different from that used for the theatrical release) was packaged with the video.

text: Release[edit]

text: The Japanese version of the film was first released by Toho on July 18, 1998. That following year, the English-dub of film was produced by 4Kids Entertainment and released by Warner Bros. under the Kids' WB banner in the United States on November 10, 1999. The film was theatrically re-released exclusively at Cinemark Theatres in the United States on October 29 and November 1, 2016. The re-release included the Pikachu's Vacation short film from the original release and was intended to commemorate Pokémon's 20th anniversary.[15][16][17] For TV syndication, the movie was digitally remastered for high definition and aired in TV Tokyo, as well as in other stations, beginning May 3, 2013.[18][19] The remastered version also aired in Cartoon Network in the United States on January 4, 2014.[20]

text: Critical response[edit]

text: The review aggregator website Rotten Tomatoes gave the film's English adaptation a 14% approval rating based on 79 reviews, with the consensus being: "Audiences other than children will find very little to entertain them".[21] On Metacritic, the film has a weighted average score of 35 out of 100 based on 25 reviews, meaning "generally unfavorable reviews".[22]

text: Anime News Network review called the main feature "contradictory", stating that "the anti-violent message that is pretty much crammed down our throats works directly against the entire point of the franchise" and criticized Pikachu's Summer Vacation for being "incoherent, pointless and fluffy".[23] Patrick Butters, of The Washington Times, accused Pokémon: The First Movie of taking ideas from other films such as Star Wars and being "just another cog in the mighty Nintendo machine".[24] Michael Wood, of England's Coventry Evening Telegraph said that Pikachu's Summer Vacation "can only be described as a mind-numbingly tedious piece, with no discernible storyline and lots of trippy images and silly voices". Wood did note that the main feature had a "mildly intriguing premise", but said that the rest of the film "was like a martial arts movie without the thrills".[25]

text: Reviews of the Japanese version have generally been more positive, and the film has been called a masterpiece by reviewers due to its emotional impact and exploration of ethical topics such as cloning and genetic modification. However, the philosophical themes were criticized being difficult to pick up on due to their complex presentation, especially for a film aimed at children.[26][27][28]

text: Box office[edit]

text: In the U.S. box office, Pokémon: The First Movie was an instant commercial success, debuting at number one and earning $10.1 million on its Wednesday opening day. During its first weekend, it grossed $31 million and went on to generate a total of $50.8 million since its Wednesday launch in 3,043 theaters, averaging to about $10,199 per venue over the three-day span. It also held the record for being the animated feature with the highest opening weekend in November, which would be broken two weeks later by Toy Story 2. Despite a 59.72% drop in its second weekend to $12.5 million, the film made $67.4 million within 12 days. It closed on February 27, 2000, earning $85.7 million in North America, and $77.9 million in other territories. Worldwide, the film made $163.6 million, making it the highest-grossing anime film in the United States and the fourth highest-grossing animated film based on a television show worldwide.[29] It was also the highest-grossing film based on a video game at the time, until 2001's Lara Croft: Tomb Raider.[30] Commercially, Takeshi Shudo states the film fared better overall in the U.S. than it did in its home country.[4]

text: Home media[edit]

text: The film was included in the Blu-ray compilation titled Pikachu Movie Premium 1998-2010 in Japan on November 28, 2012.[citation needed]

text: Viz Media has announced that a limited edition Blu-ray Steelbook containing the first three Pokémon films will be released on February 9, 2016, along with single releases on DVD (These are: Pokémon: The First Movie, Pokémon: The Movie 2000 and Pokémon 3: The Movie). In accommodation with the 20th anniversary of the Pokémon franchise, a digitally remastered version of the film was released on iTunes, Amazon and Google Play on February 27, 2016.

text: Soundtrack[edit]

text: Pokémon: The First Movie Music From and Inspired by the Motion Picture is the soundtrack to the first Pokémon film in the United States, It was released on November 10, 1999, on Compact Disc and Compact Cassette. "Don't Say You Love Me" by M2M was released as a single from the album.[31]


document_title: Lilium longiflorum

question_text: where did the easter lily get its name

question_tokens: where did the easter lily get its name

root

text: Lilium longiflorum

text: Features[edit]

text: Plants tend to grow from about 50 cm (20 in) to 1 m (3 ft 3 in) tall. They have long oval leaves and the vein enters the horizontal direction. From April to June, the plant's flowering season, it produces pure white flowers on top of the stem. The stem has a cylindrical shape, with a diameter of about 5 cm (2.0 in).

tag: p

text: Cultivation[edit]

text: A variety of it, L. longiflorum var. eximium, native to the Ryukyu Islands, is taller and more vigorous. It is extensively cultivated for cut flowers. It has irregular blooming periods in nature, and this is exploited in cultivation, allowing it to be forced for flowering at particular periods, such as Easter. However, it can be induced to flower over a much wider period. This variety is sometimes called the Bermuda lily because it has been much cultivated in Bermuda.

text: Use in Eastertide[edit]

text: Lilium longiflorum is known as the Easter lily because in Christianity, it is a symbol of the resurrection of Christ, which is celebrated during Eastertide.[1][2] The "lily has always been highly regarded in the Church", as Jesus Himself referenced the flower, saying "Consider the lilies how they grow: they toil not, they spin not; and yet I say unto you, that Solomon in all his glory was not arrayed like one of these" (Luke 12:27).[3] Moreover, according to pious legend, "after Jesus' death and resurrection, some of these beautiful flowers were found growing in the Garden of Gethsemane, where Jesus went to pray the night before His crucifixion. Legend has it that these flowers sprung up where drops of Jesus' sweat fell as he prayed".[4][5] In many Christian churches, the chancel is adorned with Easter lilies throughout the Paschal season.[6][7] A poem of the early 1900s titled Easter Lilies by S.R. Allen, delineates this custom:

text:
Somewhere while the Easter lilies
Swing their perfumed censers white,
Softened rays of sunlight falling
In lines aslant, and warm, and bright,
Shall gild the altar, nave and chancel;
Rest with tender roseate ray
On the font, enwreathed with lilies
For baptismal rites today.
Another pilgrim on the journey
From the cradle to the tomb,
Shall receive a name and blessing
While the Easter lilies bloom.

text: History[edit]

text: From the 1890s to the early 1920s, there was a thriving export trade of bulbs from Bermuda to New York. A disease affected the Bermuda lilies: this was identified by Lawrence Ogilvie. In 1903, USDA Agricultural Research Services (ARS) started to distribute disease free plant materials and seeds. The agency also started a breeding program, and released one of the first dwarf cultivars for potted-plant production in 1929.[9] Prior to USDA's effort, lily bulbs were mostly imported from Japan before the 1940s. The supply of bulbs was suddenly cut off after the attack on Pearl Harbor and Easter lilies became extremely valuable in the United States.

text: Currently, nearly all Easter lily bulbs used in North America are grown on coastal bottom lands in northwestern California and southwestern Oregon, particularly in the town of Smith River, California, according to the trade association Easter Lily Research Association, as cited in an article on takepart.com [10]

text: Chemistry[edit]

text: The Easter lily is a rich source of steroidal glycosides.[11] It also contains bitter principles such as 3,6′-diferuloylsucrose.[12]

text: Toxicity[edit]

text: Some Lilium species are toxic to cats. This is known to be so especially for L. longiflorum, though other Lilium and the unrelated Hemerocallis can also cause the same symptoms.[13][14][15] The true mechanism of toxicity is undetermined, but it involves damage to the renal tubular epithelium (composing the substance of the kidney and secreting, collecting, and conducting urine), which can cause acute renal failure. Veterinary help should be sought, as a matter of urgency, for any cat that is suspected of eating any part of a lily – including licking pollen that may have brushed onto its coat.[16]


document_title: List of largest houses in the Los Angeles metropolitan area

question_text: who owns the biggest house in beverly hills

text: Proximity[edit]

text: Eleven of the 12 homes lie within what is known as the Platinum Triangle including three in Holmby Hills and four in Beverly Hills. Another four of these houses are situated in Bel Air within a 1000-foot radius.

text: Largest houses by floor space[edit]

text:
Rank
Square footage
Name
Acreage
Address
Neighborhood
Private Owner (birthplace)
Year completed
Bedrooms
Bathrooms
Est. Last Sale Price
Est. Price/sqft.
References

1
55,005
The Manor at Holmby Hills
4.7 acres
594 South Mapleton Drive
Holmby Hills
Petra Stunt
(England)
1990
7
29
$85,000,000 (2011)
$1,545
[1][2][3][4]

2
51,000
Hacienda De La Paz
7.27 acres
1 Buggy Whip Drive
Rolling Hills
John Z. Blazevich
(Bosnia and Herzegovina)
2008
9
25
$2,050,000 (1993)
(lot only)
-
[1][2][3][5]

3
49,300
The Pritzker Estate
3.11 acres
1261 Angelo Drive
Beverly Hills
Anthony Pritzker
(United States)
2012
unknown
unknown
$14,700,147 (2005)
(previous home on lot)
-
[1][2][3][6][7]

4
45,891
457 Bel Air Road
4.01 acres
457 Bel Air Road
Bel Air
Beny Alagem
(Israel)
2006
6
10
$870,008 (2002)
(lot only)
-
[1][2][3][8]

5
44,925
Le Palais
0.98 acres
904 North Crescent Drive
Beverly Hills
Lola Karimova-Tillyaeva
(Soviet Union)
2012
7
11
$5,000,000 (2013)
$111
[1][2][3][9][10][11]

6
42,877
Fleur de Lys
4.19 acres
350 North Carolwood Drive
Holmby Hills
none
2002
12
18
$88,300,000 (2011)
$2,059
[12]

7
42,831
Château des Fleurs
1.94 acres
620 Stone Canyon Road
Bel Air
James A. Kaplan
(United States)
2014
5
6
$2,992,000 (1998)
(previous home on lot)
-
[13][14][15]

8
38,000
Billionaire
1.08 acres
924 Bel Air Road
Bel Air
Bruce Makowsky
(United States)
2017
12
21
-
-
[16][17][18][19]

9
35,796
1156 Shadow Hill Way
2.32 acres
1156 Shadow Hill Way
Beverly Hills
Daniel Mani
(Egypt)
1991
8
11
$5,000,000 (2006)
$140
[20][21][22]

10
35,378
Le Belvédère
2.2 acres
630 Nimes Road
Bel Air
Mohamed Hadid
(Israel)
2007
10
14
$50,000,000 (2010)
$1413
[1][2][3][23]

11
31,335
49 Beverly Park Circle
2.19 acres
49 Beverly Park Circle
Beverly Hills
Alec Gores
(Israel)
2007
11
21
-
-
[1][3][24][25]

12
30,000
301 North Carolwood Drive
2.17 acres
301 North Carolwood Drive
Holmby Hills
Tom Gores
(Israel)
2016
10
20
$13,250,000 (2014)
(previous home on lot)
-
[26][21][27][28]

12
30,000
454 Cuesta Way
1.88 acres
454 Cuesta Way
Bel Air
Jay-Z and Beyoncé
(United States)
2017
8
11
$88,000,000 (2017)
$2,933
[29][30][31]

tag: table


document_title: Flag of Venezuela

question_text: what do the seven stars on the venezuelan flag mean

text: Flag of Venezuela

text: Original flag[edit]

text: The flag is essentially the one designed by Francisco de Miranda for his unsuccessful 1806 expedition to liberate Venezuela and later adopted by the National Congress of 1811. It consisted of three equal horizontal stripes of yellow, blue and red. Miranda's flag is also the inspiration for the flags of Colombia and Ecuador. This original design was first flown on March 12, 1806 at Jacmel, Haiti as Miranda's expedition prepared to make the final leg of its voyage to Venezuela. The flag was first flown over Venezuelan soil at La Vela de Coro, on August 3. Until August 3, 2006, Flag Day was celebrated in Venezuela on March 12. Since 2006 it has been celebrated on August 3.

text: Miranda gave at least two sources of inspiration for his flag. In a letter written to Count Semyon Vorontsov in 1792, Miranda stated that the colors were based on a theory of primary colors given to him by the German writer and philosopher Johann Wolfgang von Goethe. Miranda described a late-night conversation he had with Goethe at a party in Weimar during the winter of 1785. Fascinated with Miranda's account of his exploits in the United States Revolutionary War and his travels throughout the Americas and Europe, Goethe told him that, "Your destiny is to create in your land a place where primary colors are not distorted.” He proceeded to clarify what he meant by this:

text: "First he explained to me the way the iris transforms light into the three primary colors […] then he proved to me why yellow is the most warm, noble and closest to [white] light; why blue is that mix of excitement and serenity, a distance that evokes shadows; and why red is the exaltation of yellow and blue, the synthesis, the vanishing of light into shadow.

text: It is not that the world is made of yellows, blues and reds; it is that in this manner, as if in an infinite combination of these three colors, we human beings see it. […] A country starts out from a name and a flag, and it then becomes them, just as a man fulfils his destiny."

text: After Miranda later designed his flag based on this conversation, he happily recalled seeing a fresco by Lazzaro Tavarone in the Palazzo Belimbau in Genoa that depicted Christopher Columbus unfurling a similar-colored flag in Veragua during his fourth voyage.[1]

text: In his military diary, Miranda gave another source of inspiration: the yellow, blue and red standard of the Burgers' Guard (Bürgerwache) of Hamburg, which he also saw during his travels in Germany.[2] The idea of the flag is documented in his 1801 plan for an army to liberate Spanish America, which he submitted unsuccessfully to the British cabinet. In it Miranda requested the materials for "ten flags, whose colours shall be red, yellow and blue, in three zones."[3]

text: The symbolism traditionally ascribed to the colors are that the yellow band stands for the wealth of the land, the red for courage, and the blue for the independence from Spain, or "golden" America separated from bloody Spain by the deep blue sea.[citation needed]

text: Colors and symbolism[edit]

text: The official colors

text:
Scheme
Yellow
Blue
Red

Pantone
116
287
186

RGB (hex)
252-209-22 (#FFCC00)
0-56-147 (#003893)
206-17-38 (#CE1126)

CMYK
C0-M17.1-Y91.3-K0
C100-M61.9-Y0-K42.4
C0-M91.7-Y81.6-K19.2

text: According to the current interpretation, the colors signify:

text:
Yellow: Represents the riches of the country, the wealth of Venezuelan soil, gold, sovereignty, harmony, justice and agriculture, as well as the Sun, the source of Light.

  Blue: represents courage

  Red: represents independence from Spain.

tag: ul

text: 19th-century changes[edit]

text: During the first half of the 19th century, seven stars were added to the flag to represent the seven signatories to the Venezuelan declaration of independence, being the provinces of Caracas, Cumaná, Barcelona, Barinas, Margarita, Mérida, and Trujillo.

text:
Flag of Venezuela (1810–1812)

 Flag of Venezuela (1813–1814)

 Flag of Venezuela (1817–1819)

 Flag of Venezuela (1830–1836)

 Flag of Venezuela (1836–1859)

 Flag of Venezuela (1859)

 Flag of Venezuela (1859–1863)

 Flag of Venezuela (1863–1905)

 Flag of Venezuela (1905–1930)

text: After the Guayana campaign, Simón Bolívar added an eighth star to the national flag (the so-called Flag of Angostura) in representation of the newly freed province. Bolívar issued the following decree:

text: 1954 changes[edit]

text: The Law of the National Flag, Coat of Arms and Anthem added the Coat of Arms to the flag on February 19, 1954. The coat of arms was not incorporated into the Civil or Maritime Flag, which is intended for non-governmental purposes, such as civilian use, merchant craft, and international sports competition.

text: 2006 changes[edit]

text: In 2006 the President of Venezuela Hugo Chávez announced plans to add an eighth star to the flag of Venezuela to bring about a much belated fulfillment to Bolívar's 1817 decree. The eighth star represents the Guayana Province, one of the Provinces of Venezuela at the time of the declaration of independence. The changes also include a white horse galloping left instead of right, a bow and arrow representing Venezuela’s indigenous people and a machete to represent the labor of workers. Although the new flag was approved by the Venezuelan government, opposition spokesperson Óscar Pérez stated that they would not use the new flag.[5]

text: Customs and regulations[edit]

text: This section does not cite any sources. Please help improve this section by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. (July 2017) (Learn how and when to remove this template message)

text: As with most other national flags, the Venezuelan flag should be flown every day by the legally registered public institutions from 7 a.m. until 6 p.m. Private institutions, businesses and citizens should fly the flag on national holidays or on days determined by the National Executive. Institutions which should fly the flag by obligation are:

text:
The Federal Legislative Palace, when the National Assembly is in session and buildings in which a legislative council is being held,
Public national, state and municipal offices on national holidays and other days determined by special resolution of the relevant authorities,
Embassies, legations, consulates and other national agencies abroad, on national holidays or when required by the protocol of the host nation,
Miraflores Palace, the building of the office of the President of the Bolivarian Republic of Venezuela, daily,
Buildings of the Armed Forces, fortresses and other military buildings, as determined by law and pertinent regulations,
Venezuelan merchant ships, using the civil ensign, since they operate in a civil capacity.

text: There is currently no regulation as to the dimensions of the flag, its use inside private or public institutions or by the public in general, its form and protocol. The conventions that currently exist have been freely determined. Nevertheless, educational institutions currently follow a protocol modeled on the regulations issued for the armed forces for use in raising the flag on special days.

text: Out of respect for the flag, popular culture holds that upon raising the flag, the national anthem should be played and all civilians present should stand still, straight, with closed hands at the sides and without any headgear, while military and police personnel out of formation must salute.[citation needed]

text: Folding the flag[edit]

text: Although there is no official regulation on the manner in which the flag should be folded, there is, as in other countries, a procedure with widespread acceptance in schools, scout groups and military institutions. Its origins are not known, but there are several possibilities, such as the adoption of the custom from other nations of the region, such as the United States, in which this singular way of folding a flag originated. In the Venezuelan case, there are two ways of folding the flag depending on whether it is a civil or state flag.

text:
For the state flag, the flag is lowered and taken to the place where it will be folded. It is then held at all four corners by at least two people. The red stripe is folded over the blue and then the yellow over the red, so that the yellow stripe and the national arms are on top and the blue stripe with stars on the bottom. The flag is then folded under in a triangular manner from the fly to the hoist such that at the end the remaining material is tucked into the last fold and the resulting triangle is all yellow with the national arms.
For the civil flag, the flag is also lowered in the same manner as above but the yellow stripe is folded first over the blue one, then the red one over the yellow stripe, with the blue stripe and stars facing down. The flag is then folded over in a triangular manner so that the resulting triangle is only blue with stars.

text: Flag anthem[edit]

text: The flag has its own anthem, which was composed in 1889 with music by Francisco Araldi and lyrics by Zolessi Geronimo, which reads:

text:
Himno de la Bandera

Spanish
English

Verse I

Oh, Bandera del pueblo Caribe
vivo foco de luz y de honor
en tus pliegues mi patria se exhibe
grande en gloria y rica en valor.

Oh, flag of the Caribbean people
Living focus of light and honor
in your folds my homeland is shown
great in glory and rich in valour.

Verse II

Difundiste por cumbres y llanos
la epopeya de la libertad
y dejaste sobre ambos océanos
los relumbres de la heroicidad.

You spread throughout peaks and plains
the epic of freedom
and left on both oceans
shining flashes of heroism.

Verse III

Venezuela la hermosa y pujante
en sus brazos la gloria te alzó
y en tu seno de amor palpitante
ocho estrellas de vida encendió.

Venezuela, the beautiful and thriving
in its arms glory has raised you
and in your breast of throbbing love
eight stars of life have been lit

text: Student Oath to the Flag[edit]

text: Similarly, a Flag Oath has also been written for students to be said on August 3, which is as follows:

text:
Spanish
English

¡Bandera Mía!
¡Mi Patria eres tú!
Y la Patria es la tierra: ¡Venezuela!
Es el Llano, son los Andes, es el Mar que nos rodea.
Es la Selva y sus riquezas.
Son sus ríos.
Son sus hombres, sus mujeres y sus niños.
Es su música.
Es la Lengua Castellana en que te hablamos.
Es la Historia que es Bolívar.
¡Son mis padres, mis hermanos, mis amigos, mis maestros!.
Aquí vengo reverente,
El cariño, el respeto y la adhesión que te debemos
¡Porque eres, mi Bandera, todo eso! Y eres más.
Te prometo, cada día, ser mejor:
Estudiar con dedicación.
Ser honesto y capaz.
Contribuir a tu grandeza
Y elevar, hasta el cielo,
Esas franjas amarilla, azul y roja
¡Y entregarle ocho estrellas que le faltan!

My Flag!
My Fatherland you are!
And the Fatherland is the land: Venezuela!
It's the Plains, the Andes, and the sea that surrounds us.
It's the rainforest and its virtues.
It's its rivers.
AIt's their men, women and children.
It's its music.
It is the Spanish language with which we speak to you.
It is the history that is Bolivar.
They are my parents, my brothers, my friends, my teachers!.
Here I come in reverence,
The love, respect and commitment we owe you
Because you're my banner, all that! And you are more.
I promise you, every day, to be better:
Studying with dedication.
Being honest and capable.
To contribute to your greatness
And raise up to the sky,
Those stripes of yellow, blue and red
And give it the eight stars it's missing!

text: This is followed by the following pledge for those in schools:

text:
Spanish
English

Pledge to the National Flag

Maestro:
¡Joven venezolano
que de la Bandera has hecho
una imagen de la Patria!
¡Has hecho una promesa!
¿Juras cumplirla?

Estudiantes:
¡Juramos!

Pledge to the National Flag

Teacher:
Young Venezuelans,
this Flag holds before you
an image of the Fatherland!
And it has a promise!
Do you swear to fulfill it?

Students:
Yes, we pledge!

text: Versions of this oath and pledge are used for the National Armed Forces of the Bolivarian Republic of Venezuela and the Policia Nacional Bolivariana, but in this case, only the pledge is used during graduation and passing out parades.


document_title: United States Armed Forces

question_text: how many us troops does the united states have

text: United States Armed Forces

text: History[edit]

text: The history of the U.S. Armed Forces dates to 14 June 1775, with the creation of the Continental Army, even before the Declaration of Independence marked the establishment of the United States. Continental Navy, established on 13 October 1775, and Continental Marines, established on 10 November 1775, were created in close succession afterwards by the Second Continental Congress in order to defend the new nation against the British Empire in the American Revolutionary War.

text: These forces demobilized in 1784 after the Treaty of Paris ended the War for Independence. The Congress of the Confederation created the current United States Army on 3 June 1784. The United States Congress created the current United States Navy on 27 March 1794 and the current United States Marine Corps on 11 July 1798. All three services trace their origins to the founding of the Continental Army, the Continental Navy, and the Continental Marines. The 1787 adoption of the Constitution gave the Congress the power to "raise and support armies", "provide and maintain a navy" and to "make rules for the government and regulation of the land and naval forces", as well as the power to declare war. The President is the U.S. Armed Forces' commander-in-chief.

text: The United States Coast Guard traces its origin to the founding of the Revenue Cutter Service on 4 August 1790 which merged with the United States Life-Saving Service on 28 January 1915 to establish the Coast Guard. The United States Air Force was established as an independent service on 18 September 1947; it traces its origin to the formation of the Aeronautical Division, U.S. Signal Corps, which was formed 1 August 1907 and was part of the Army before becoming an independent service.

text: Command structure[edit]

text: Command over the U.S. Armed Forces is established in the Constitution. The sole power of command is vested in the President by Article II as Commander-in-Chief. The Constitution also allows for the creation of "executive Departments" headed by "principal officers" whose opinion the President can require. This allowance in the Constitution formed the basis for creation of the Department of Defense in 1947 by the National Security Act. The DoD is headed by the Secretary of Defense, who is a civilian and member of the Cabinet. The Defense Secretary is second in the U.S. Armed Forces chain of command, with the exception of the Coast Guard, which is under the Secretary of Homeland Security, and is just below the President and serves as the principal assistant to the President in all defense-related matters.[13] Together, the President and the Secretary of Defense comprise the National Command Authority, which by law is the ultimate lawful source of military orders.[14]

text: To coordinate military strategy with political affairs, the President has a National Security Council headed by the National Security Advisor. The collective body has only advisory power to the President, but several of the members who statutorily comprise the council (the Secretary of State, the Secretary of Energy and the Secretary of Defense) possess executive authority over their own departments.[15]

text: Just as the President, the Secretary of Defense, and the Secretary of Homeland Security, are in charge of the entire military establishment, maintaining civilian control of the military, so too are each of the Defense Department's constitutive military departments headed by civilians. The four DoD branches are organized into three departments, each with civilian heads. The Department of the Army is headed by the Secretary of the Army, the Department of the Navy is headed by the Secretary of the Navy and the Department of the Air Force is headed by the Secretary of the Air Force. The Marine Corps is organized under the Department of the Navy, however it is still considered a separate and equal service. The Coast Guard is under the Department of Homeland Security and receives its operational orders from the Secretary of Homeland Security. However, the Coast Guard may be transferred to the Department of the Navy by the President or Congress during a time of war, thereby placing it within the DoD.[16]

text: The President, Secretary of Defense and other senior executive officials are advised by a seven-member Joint Chiefs of Staff, which is headed by the Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff, the highest-ranking officer in the United States military and the Vice Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff.[17] The rest of the body is composed of the heads of each of the DoD's service branches (the Chief of Staff of the Army, the Chief of Naval Operations, the Commandant of the Marine Corps and the Chief of Staff of the Air Force) as well as the Chief of the National Guard Bureau. Although commanding one of the five military branches, the Commandant of the Coast Guard is not a member of the Joint Chiefs of Staff. Despite being composed of the highest-ranking officers in each of the respective branches, the Joint Chiefs of Staff does not possess operational command authority. Rather, the Goldwater-Nichols Act charges them only with advisory power.[18]

text: All of the branches work together during operations and joint missions in Unified Combatant Commands, under the authority of the Secretary of Defense with the typical exception of the Coast Guard. Each of the Unified Combatant Commands is headed by a Combatant Commander, a senior commissioned officer who exercises supreme command authority per 10 U.S.C. § 164 over all of the forces, regardless of branch, within his geographical or functional command. By statute, the chain of command flows from the President to the Secretary of Defense to each of the Combatant Commanders.[19] In practice, the Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff often acts as an intermediary between the Secretary of Defense and the Combatant Commanders.

text: Budget[edit]

text: The United States has the world's largest military budget. In the fiscal year 2016, $580.3 billion in funding were enacted for the DoD and for "Overseas Contingency Operations" in the War on Terrorism.[4] Outside of direct DoD spending, the United States spends another $218 to $262 billion each year on other defense-related programs, such as Veterans Affairs, Homeland Security, nuclear weapons maintenance and DoD.

text: By military department, $146.9 billion was allocated for the Department of the Army, $168.8 billion for the Department of the Navy, $161.8 billion for the Department of the Air Force and $102.8 billion for DoD-wide spending.[4] By function, $138.6 billion was requested for personnel, $244.4 billion for operations and maintenance, $118.9 billion for procurement, $69.0 billion for research and development, $1.3 billion for revolving and management funds, $6.9 billion for military construction and $1.3 billion for family housing.[4]

text: Personnel[edit]

text: The projected active duty end strength in the armed forces for fiscal year 2017 was 1,281,900 servicemembers,[4] with an additional 801,200 people in the seven reserve components.[4] It is an all-volunteer military, but conscription through the Selective Service System can be enacted at the President's request and Congress' approval. All males ages 18 through 25 who are living in the United States are required to register with the Selective Service for a potential future draft.

text: The U.S. Armed Forces is the world's third largest military, after the Chinese's People's Liberation Army and the Indian Armed Forces, and has troops deployed around the globe.

text: As in most militaries, members of the U.S. Armed Forces hold a rank, either that of officer, warrant officer or enlisted, to determine seniority and eligibility for promotion. Those who have served are known as veterans. Rank names may be different between services, but they are matched to each other by their corresponding paygrade.[20] Officers who hold the same rank or paygrade are distinguished by their date of rank to determine seniority, while officers who serve in certain positions of office of importance set by law, outrank all other officers in active duty of the same rank and paygrade, regardless of their date of rank.[21] Currently, only one in four persons in the United States of the proper age meet the moral, academic and physical standards for military service.[22]

text: Personnel by service[edit]

text: 2010 Demographic Reports and end strengths for reserve components[4][23][24] (should be updated using July 2017 DMDC military personnel data).[25]

text:
Component
Military
Enlisted
Officer
Male
Female
Civilian

 United States Army
541,291
438,670
98,126
465,784
75,507
299,644

 United States Marine Corps
195,338
173,474
21,864
181,845
13,493
20,484

 United States Navy
317,237
260,253
52,546
265,852
51,385
179,293

 United States Air Force
333,772
265,519
64,290
270,462
63,310
174,754

 United States Coast Guard
42,357

9,752[26]
35,567
6,790
7,057

Total Active
1,429,995
1,137,916
236,826
1,219,510
210,485
681,232

 Army National Guard of the United States
342,000

 United States Army Reserve
198,000

 United States Marine Corps Reserve
38,900

 United States Navy Reserve
57,400

 Air National Guard of the United States
105,500

 United States Air Force Reserve
69,200

 United States Coast Guard Reserve
8,100

Total Reserves
818,000

Other DoD personnel

108,833

text: Personnel stationing[edit]

text: Overseas[edit]

text: As of 31 December 2010, U.S. Armed Forces troops were stationed in 150 countries; the number of non-contingent deployments per country ranges from 1 in Suriname to over 50,000 in Germany.[27] Some of the largest deployments are: 103,700 in Afghanistan, 52,440 in Germany (see list), 35,688 in Japan (USFJ), 28,500 in South Korea (USFK), 9,660 in Italy and 9,015 in the United Kingdom. These numbers change frequently due to the regular recall and deployment of units.

text: Altogether, 77,917 military personnel are located in Europe, 141 in the former Soviet Union, 47,236 in East Asia and the Pacific, 3,362 in North Africa, the Near East and South Asia, 1,355 in sub-Saharan Africa and 1,941 in the Western Hemisphere excluding the United States itself.

text: Domestic[edit]

text: Including U.S. territories and ships afloat within territorial waters As of 31 December 2009, a total of 1,137,568 personnel were on active duty within the United States and its territories (including 84,461 afloat).[28] The vast majority (941,629 personnel) were stationed at bases within the contiguous United States. There were an additional 37,245 in Hawaii and 20,450 in Alaska while 84,461 were at sea, 2,972 in Guam and 179 in Puerto Rico.

text: Types of personnel[edit]

text: Enlisted[edit]

text: Prospective service members are often recruited from high school or college, the target age ranges being 18–35 in the Army, 18–28 in the Marine Corps, 18–34 in the Navy, 18–39 in the Air Force and 18–27 (up to age 32 if qualified for attending guaranteed "A" school) in the Coast Guard. With the permission of a parent or guardian, applicants can enlist at age 17 and participate in the Delayed Entry Program (DEP), in which the applicant is given the opportunity to participate in locally sponsored military activities, which can range from sports to competitions led by recruiters or other military liaisons (each recruiting station's DEP varies).

text: After enlistment, new recruits undergo basic training (also known as "boot camp" in the Marine Corps, Navy and Coast Guard), followed by schooling in their primary Military Occupational Specialty (MOS), rating and Air Force Specialty Code (AFSC) at any of the numerous training facilities around the United States. Each branch conducts basic training differently. The Marine Corps send all non-infantry MOS's to an infantry skills course known as Marine Combat Training prior to their technical schools. Air Force Basic Military Training graduates attend Technical Training and are awarded their Air Force Specialty Code (AFSC) at the apprentice (3) skill level. All Army recruits undergo Basic Combat Training (BCT), followed by Advanced Individual Training (AIT), with the exceptions of cavalry scouts, infantry, armor, combat engineers and military police recruits who go to One Station Unit Training (OSUT), which combines BCT and AIT. The Navy sends its recruits to Recruit Training and then to "A" schools to earn a rating. The Coast Guard's recruits attend basic training and follow with an "A" school to earn a rating.

text: Initially, recruits without higher education or college degrees will hold the pay grade of E-1 and will be elevated to E-2 usually soon after basic training. Different services have different incentive programs for enlistees, such as higher initial ranks for college credit, being an Eagle Scout and referring friends who go on to enlist as well. Participation in DEP is one way recruits can achieve rank before their departure to basic training.

text: There are several different authorized pay grade advancement requirements in each junior-enlisted rank category (E-1 to E-3), which differ by service. Enlistees in the Army can attain the initial pay grade of E-4 (specialist) with a four-year degree, but the highest initial pay grade is usually E-3 (members of the Army Band program can expect to enter service at the grade of E-4). Promotion through the junior enlisted ranks occurs after serving for a specified number of years (which can be waived by the soldier's chain of command), a specified level of technical proficiency or maintenance of good conduct. Promotion can be denied with reason.

text: Non-commissioned and petty officers[edit]

text: With very few exceptions, becoming a non-commissioned officer (NCO) or petty officer in the U.S. Armed Forces is accomplished by progression through the lower enlisted ranks. However, unlike promotion through the lower enlisted tier, promotion to NCO is generally competitive. NCO ranks begin at E-4 or E-5, depending upon service and are generally attained between three and six years of service. Junior NCOs function as first-line supervisors and squad leaders, training the junior enlisted in their duties and guiding their career advancement.

text: While considered part of the non-commissioned officer corps by law, senior non-commissioned officers (SNCOs) referred to as chief petty officers in the Navy and Coast Guard, or staff non-commissioned officers in the Marine Corps, perform duties more focused on leadership rather than technical expertise. Promotion to the SNCO ranks, E-7 through E-9 (E-6 through E-9 in the Marine Corps) is highly competitive. Personnel totals at the pay grades of E-8 and E-9 are limited by federal law to 2.5 percent and 1 percent of a service's enlisted force, respectively. SNCOs act as leaders of small units and as staff. Some SNCOs manage programs at headquarters level and a select few wield responsibility at the highest levels of the military structure. Most unit commanders have a SNCO as an enlisted advisor. All SNCOs are expected to mentor junior commissioned officers as well as the enlisted in their duty sections. The typical enlistee can expect to attain SNCO rank after 10 to 16 years of service.

text: Each of the five services employs a single Senior Enlisted Advisor at departmental level. This individual is the highest ranking enlisted member within that respective service and functions as the chief advisor to the service secretary, service chief and Congress on matters concerning the enlisted force. These individuals carry responsibilities and protocol requirements equivalent to three-star general or flag officers. They are as follows:

text:
Senior Enlisted Advisor to the Chairman
Sergeant Major of the Army
Sergeant Major of the Marine Corps
Master Chief Petty Officer of the Navy
Chief Master Sergeant of the Air Force
Master Chief Petty Officer of the Coast Guard

text: Warrant officers[edit]

text: Additionally, all services except for the Air Force have an active warrant officer corps. Above the rank of warrant Officer One, these officers may also be commissioned, but usually serve in a more technical and specialized role within units. More recently, they can also serve in more traditional leadership roles associated with the more recognizable officer corps. With one notable exception (Army helicopter and fixed-wing pilots), these officers ordinarily have already been in the military often serving in senior NCO positions in the field in which they later serve as a warrant officer as a technical expert. Most Army pilots have served some enlisted time. It is also possible to enlist, complete basic training, go directly to the Warrant Officer Candidate School at Fort Rucker, Alabama and then on to flight school.

text: Warrant officers in the U.S. military garner the same customs and courtesies as commissioned officers. They may attend the officer's club, receive a command and are saluted by junior warrant officers and all enlisted service members.

text: The Air Force ceased to grant warrants in 1959 when the enlisted grades of E-8 and E-9 were created. Most non-flying duties performed by warrant officers in other services are instead performed by senior NCOs in the Air Force.

text: Commissioned officers[edit]

text: Officers receive a commission in one of the branches of the U.S. Armed Forces through one of the following routes.

text:
Service academies (United States Military Academy (Army), United States Naval Academy, United States Air Force Academy, United States Coast Guard Academy and the United States Merchant Marine Academy)
Reserve Officers' Training Corps (ROTC)
Officer Candidate School (OCS) (Officer Training School (OTS) in the Air Force): this can be through active-duty schools, or through state-run schools in the case of the Army National Guard.
Direct commission: civilians who have special skills that are critical to sustaining military operations and supporting troops may receive direct commissions. These officers occupy leadership positions in law, medicine, dentistry, pharmacy, intelligence, supply-logistics-transportation, engineering, public affairs, chaplain, oceanography and others.
Battlefield commission: under certain conditions, enlisted personnel who have skills that separate them from their peers can become officers by direct commissioning of a commander so authorized to grant them. This type of commission is rarely granted and is reserved only for the most exceptional enlisted personnel; it is done on an ad hoc basis, typically only in wartime. No direct battlefield commissions have been awarded since the Vietnam War. The Navy and Air Force do not employ this commissioning path.
Limited Duty Officer: due to the highly technical nature of some officer billets, the Marine Corps, Navy and Coast Guard employ a system of promoting proven senior enlisted members to the ranks of commissioned officers. They fill a need that is similar to, but distinct from that filled by warrant officers (to the point where their accession is through the same school). While warrant officers remain technical experts, LDOs take on the role of a generalist, like that of officers commissioned through more traditional sources. LDOs are limited, not by their authority, but by the types of billets they are allowed to fill. However, in recent times they have come to be used more and more like their more-traditional counterparts.

text: Officers receive a commission assigning them to the officer corps from the President with the Senate's consent. To accept this commission, all officers must take an oath of office.

text: Through their careers, officers usually will receive further training at one or a number of the many staff colleges.

text: Company grade officers in pay grades O-1 through O-3 (known as "junior" officers in the Navy and Coast Guard) function as leaders of smaller units or sections of a unit, typically with an experienced SNCO (or CPO in the Navy and Coast Guard) assistant and mentor.

text: Field grade officers in pay grades O-4 through O-6 (known as "senior" officers in the Navy and Coast Guard) lead significantly larger and more complex operations, with gradually more competitive promotion requirements.

text: General officers, (known as flag officers in the Navy and Coast Guard) serve at the highest levels and oversee major portions of the military mission.

text: Five-star ranking[edit]

text: These are ranks of the highest honor and responsibility in the U.S. Armed Forces, but they are almost never given during peacetime and only a very small number of officers during wartime have held a five-star rank:

text:
General of the Army
Fleet Admiral
General of the Air Force

text: No corresponding rank exists for the Marine Corps or the Coast Guard. As with three- and four-star ranks, Congress is the approving authority for a five-star rank confirmation.

text: The rank of General of the Armies is considered senior to General of the Army, but was never held by active duty officers at the same time as persons who held the rank of General of the Army. It has been held by two people: John J. Pershing who received the rank in 1919 after World War I and George Washington who received it posthumously in 1976 as part of the American Bicentennial celebrations. Pershing, appointed to General of the Armies in active duty status for life, was still alive at the time of the first five-star appointments during World War II and was thereby acknowledged as superior in grade by seniority to any World War II–era Generals of the Army. George Washington's appointment by Public Law 94-479 to General of the Armies of the United States was established by law as having "rank and precedence over all other grades of the Army, past or present", making him not only superior to Pershing, but superior to any grade in the Army in perpetuity.

text: In the Navy, the rank of Admiral of the Navy theoretically corresponds to that of General of the Armies, though it was never held by active-duty officers at the same time as persons who held the rank of Fleet Admiral. George Dewey is the only person to have ever held this rank. After the establishment of the rank of Fleet Admiral in 1944, the Department of the Navy specified that the rank of Fleet Admiral was to be junior to the rank of Admiral of the Navy. However, since Dewey died in 1917 before the establishment of the rank of Fleet Admiral, the six-star rank has not been totally confirmed.

text: Women in the military[edit]

text: The Woman's Army Auxiliary Corps was established in the United States in 1942. Women saw combat during World War II, first as nurses in the Pearl Harbor attacks on 7 December 1941. The Woman's Naval Reserve, Marine Corps Women's Reserve and Women Airforce Service Pilots (WASPs) were also created during this conflict. In 1944, WACs arrived in the Pacific and landed in Normandy on D-Day. During the war, 67 Army nurses and 16 Navy nurses were captured and spent three years as Japanese prisoners of war. There were 350,000 American women who served during World War II and 16 were killed in action. In total, they gained over 1,500 medals, citations and commendations. Virginia Hall, serving with the Office of Strategic Services, received the second-highest U.S. combat award, the Distinguished Service Cross, for action behind enemy lines in France.

text: After World War II, demobilization led to the vast majority of serving women being returned to civilian life. Law 625, The Women's Armed Services Act of 1948, was signed by President Truman, allowing women to serve in the U.S. Armed Forces in fully integrated units during peace time, with only the WAC remaining a separate female unit. During the Korean War of 1950–1953, many women served in the Mobile Army Surgical Hospitals, with women serving in Korea numbering 120,000 during the conflict. During the Vietnam War, 600 women served in the country as part of the Air Force, along with 500 members of the WAC and over 6,000 medical personnel and support staff. The Ordnance Corps began accepting female missile technicians in 1974[30] and female crewmembers and officers were accepted into Field Artillery missile units.[31][32]

text: In 1974, the first six women naval aviators earned their wings as Navy pilots. The Congressionally mandated prohibition on women in combat places limitations on the pilots' advancement,[33] but at least two retired as captains.[34] In 1989, Captain Linda L. Bray, 29, became the first woman to command American soldiers in battle during the invasion of Panama. The 1991 Gulf War proved to be the pivotal time for the role of women in the U.S. Armed Forces to come to the attention of the world media; there are many reports of women engaging enemy forces during the conflict.[35]

text: In the 2000s, women can serve on U.S. combat ships, including in command roles. They are permitted to serve on submarines.[36] Women can fly military aircraft and make up 2% of all pilots in the U.S. Military. In 2003, Major Kim Campbell was awarded the Distinguished Flying Cross for landing her combat damaged A-10 Thunderbolt II with no hydraulic control and only one functional engine after being struck by hostile fire over Baghdad.

text: On 3 December 2015, U.S. Defense Secretary Ashton Carter announced that all military combat jobs would become available to women.[37] This gave women access to the roughly 10% of military jobs which were previously closed off due to their combat nature.[38] The decision gave military services until January 2016 to seek exceptions to the rule if they believe that certain jobs, such as machine gunners, should be restricted to men only.[39] These restrictions were due in part to prior studies which stated that mixed gender units are less capable in combat.[40] Physical requirements for all jobs remained unchanged, though.[40] Many women believe this will allow for them to improve their positions in the military, since most high-ranking officers start in combat positions. Since women are now available to work in any position in the military, female entry into the draft has been proposed.[41]

text: Sergeant Leigh Ann Hester became the first woman to receive the Silver Star, the third-highest U.S. decoration for valor, for direct participation in combat. In Afghanistan, Monica Lin Brown was presented the Silver Star for shielding wounded soldiers with her body.[42] In March 2012, the U.S. military had two women, Ann E. Dunwoody and Janet C. Wolfenbarger, with the rank of four-star general.[43][44] In 2016, Air Force General Lori Robinson became the first female officer to command a major Unified Combatant Command (USNORTHCOM) in the history of the United States Armed Forces.[45]

text: Order of precedence[edit]

text: Under current Department of Defense regulation, the various components of the U.S. Armed Forces have a set order of seniority. Examples of the use of this system include the display of service flags, placement of Soldiers, Marines, Sailors, Airmen and Coast Guardsmen in formation, etc. When the Coast Guard shall operate as part of the Department of the Navy, United States Coast Guard Academy cadets, the United States Coast Guard and the Coast Guard Reserve shall take precedence after United States Naval Academy midshipmen; the United States Navy; and Navy Reserve, respectively.[46]

text:
Cadets, U.S. Military Academy
Midshipmen, U.S. Naval Academy
Cadets, U.S. Coast Guard Academy (when part of the Department of the Navy)
Cadets, U.S. Air Force Academy
Cadets, U.S. Coast Guard Academy (when part of the Department of Homeland Security)
Midshipmen, U.S. Merchant Marine Academy
United States Army
United States Marine Corps
United States Navy
United States Coast Guard (when part of the Department of the Navy)
United States Air Force
United States Coast Guard (when part of Department of the Homeland Security)
Army National Guard of the United States
United States Army Reserve
United States Marine Corps Reserve
United States Navy Reserve
United States Coast Guard Reserve (when part of the Department of the Navy)
Air National Guard of the United States
United States Air Force Reserve
United States Coast Guard Reserve (when part of the Department of Homeland Security)
Other training and auxiliary organizations of the Army, Marine Corps, Merchant Marine, Civil Air Patrol and Coast Guard Auxiliary, as in the preceding order. The CAP was constituted through the Administrative Order 9 of 1 December 1941 and operated under the U.S. Army Air Forces during World War II. The CAP became the official civilian auxiliary of the newly independent USAF with the enactment of Public Law 80-557 on 26 May 1948.

text: Note: While the U.S. Navy is older than the Marine Corps,[47] the Marine Corps takes precedence due to previous inconsistencies in the Navy's birth date. The Marine Corps has recognized its observed birth date on a more consistent basis. The Second Continental Congress is considered to have established the Navy on 13 October 1775 by authorizing the purchase of ships, but did not actually pass the "Rules for the Regulation of the Navy of the United Colonies" until 27 November 1775.[48] The Marine Corps was established by act of said Congress on 10 November 1775. The Navy did not officially recognize 13 October 1775 as its birth date until 1972, when then–Chief of Naval Operations Admiral Elmo Zumwalt authorized it to be observed as such.[47]


document_title: Angle

question_text: points on a sphere or angles in a circle are measured in units called

text: Angle

text: Identifying angles[edit]

text: In mathematical expressions, it is common to use Greek letters (α, β, γ, θ, φ, . . . ) to serve as variables standing for the size of some angle. (To avoid confusion with its other meaning, the symbol π is typically not used for this purpose.) Lower case Roman letters (a, b, c, . . . ) are also used, as are upper case Roman letters in the context of polygons. See the figures in this article for examples.

text:
In geometric figures, angles may also be identified by the labels attached to the three points that define them. For example, the angle at vertex A enclosed by the rays AB and AC (i.e. the lines from point A to point B and point A to point C) is denoted ∠BAC (in Unicode U+2220 ∠ ANGLE) or

B
A
C

^

{\displaystyle {\widehat {\rm {BAC}}}}

. Sometimes, where there is no risk of confusion, the angle may be referred to simply by its vertex ("angle A").

text: Potentially, an angle denoted, say, ∠BAC might refer to any of four angles: the clockwise angle from B to C, the anticlockwise angle from B to C, the clockwise angle from C to B, or the anticlockwise angle from C to B, where the direction in which the angle is measured determines its sign (see Positive and negative angles). However, in many geometrical situations it is obvious from context that the positive angle less than or equal to 180 degrees is meant, and no ambiguity arises. Otherwise, a convention may be adopted so that ∠BAC always refers to the anticlockwise (positive) angle from B to C, and ∠CAB to the anticlockwise (positive) angle from C to B.

text: Types of angles[edit]

text: Individual angles[edit]

text:
Angles smaller than a right angle (less than 90°) are called acute angles ("acute" meaning "sharp").
An angle equal to 1/4 turn (90° or π/2 radians) is called a right angle. Two lines that form a right angle are said to be normal, orthogonal, or perpendicular.
Angles larger than a right angle and smaller than a straight angle (between 90° and 180°) are called obtuse angles ("obtuse" meaning "blunt").
An angle equal to 1/2 turn (180° or π radians) is called a straight angle.
Angles larger than a straight angle but less than 1 turn (between 180° and 360°) are called reflex angles.
An angle equal to 1 turn (360° or 2π radians) is called a full angle, complete angle, or a perigon.
Angles that are not right angles or a multiple of a right angle are called oblique angles.

text: The names, intervals, and measured units are shown in a table below:

text:
Name
acute
right angle
obtuse
straight
reflex
perigon

Units
Interval

Turns
(0,  1/4)
1/4
(1/4,  1/2)
1/2
(1/2,  1)
1

Radians
(0, 1/2π)
1/2π
(1/2π, π)
π
(π, 2π)
2π

Degrees
(0, 90)°
90°
(90, 180)°
180°
(180, 360)°
360°

Gons
(0, 100)g
100g
(100, 200)g
200g
(200, 400)g
400g

text: Equivalence angle pairs[edit]

text:
Angles that have the same measure (i.e. the same magnitude) are said to be equal or congruent. An angle is defined by its measure and is not dependent upon the lengths of the sides of the angle (e.g. all right angles are equal in measure).
Two angles which share terminal sides, but differ in size by an integer multiple of a turn, are called coterminal angles.
A reference angle is the acute version of any angle determined by repeatedly subtracting or adding straight angle (1/2 turn, 180°, or π radians), to the results as necessary, until the magnitude of result is an acute angle, a value between 0 and 1/4 turn, 90°, or π/2 radians. For example, an angle of 30 degrees has a reference angle of 30 degrees, and an angle of 150 degrees also has a reference angle of 30 degrees (180 – 150). An angle of 750 degrees has a reference angle of 30 degrees (750 – 720).[4]

text: Vertical and adjacent angle pairs[edit]

text: When two straight lines intersect at a point, four angles are formed. Pairwise these angles are named according to their location relative to each other.

text: A pair of angles opposite each other, formed by two intersecting straight lines that form an "X"-like shape, are called vertical angles or opposite angles or vertically opposite angles. They are abbreviated as vert. opp. ∠s.[5]

text: Adjacent angles, often abbreviated as adj. ∠s, are angles that share a common vertex and edge but do not share any interior points. In other words, they are angles that are side by side, or adjacent, sharing an "arm". Adjacent angles which sum to a right angle, straight angle or full angle are special and are respectively called complementary, supplementary and explementary angles (see "Combine angle pairs" below).

text: A transversal is a line that intersects a pair of (often parallel) lines and is associated with alternate interior angles, corresponding angles, interior angles, and exterior angles.[8]

text: Combining angle pairs[edit]

text: There are three special angle pairs which involve the summation of angles:

text: Complementary angles are angle pairs whose measures sum to one right angle (1/4 turn, 90°, or π/2 radians). If the two complementary angles are adjacent their non-shared sides form a right angle. In Euclidean geometry, the two acute angles in a right triangle are complementary, because the sum of internal angles of a triangle is 180 degrees, and the right angle itself accounts for ninety degrees.

text: Two angles that sum to a straight angle (1/2 turn, 180°, or π radians) are called supplementary angles.

text:
Two angles that sum to a complete angle (1 turn, 360°, or 2π radians) are called explementary angles or conjugate angles.

The difference between an angle and a complete angle is termed the explement of the angle or conjugate of an angle.

text: Polygon related angles[edit]

text:
An angle that is part of a simple polygon is called an interior angle if it lies on the inside of that simple polygon. A simple concave polygon has at least one interior angle that is a reflex angle.

In Euclidean geometry, the measures of the interior angles of a triangle add up to π radians, 180°, or 1/2 turn; the measures of the interior angles of a simple convex quadrilateral add up to 2π radians, 360°, or 1 turn. In general, the measures of the interior angles of a simple convex polygon with n sides add up to (n − 2)π radians, or 180(n − 2) degrees, (2n − 4) right angles, or (n/2 − 1) turn.

The supplement of an interior angle is called an exterior angle, that is, an interior angle and an exterior angle form a linear pair of angles. There are two exterior angles at each vertex of the polygon, each determined by extending one of the two sides of the polygon that meet at the vertex; these two angles are vertical angles and hence are equal. An exterior angle measures the amount of rotation one has to make at a vertex to trace out the polygon.[11] If the corresponding interior angle is a reflex angle, the exterior angle should be considered negative. Even in a non-simple polygon it may be possible to define the exterior angle, but one will have to pick an orientation of the plane (or surface) to decide the sign of the exterior angle measure.

In Euclidean geometry, the sum of the exterior angles of a simple convex polygon will be one full turn (360°). The exterior angle here could be called a supplementary exterior angle. Exterior angles are commonly used in Logo Turtle Geometry when drawing regular polygons.

In a triangle, the bisectors of two exterior angles and the bisector of the other interior angle are concurrent (meet at a single point).[12]:p. 149
In a triangle, three intersection points, each of an external angle bisector with the opposite extended side, are collinear.[12]:p. 149
In a triangle, three intersection points, two of them between an interior angle bisector and the opposite side, and the third between the other exterior angle bisector and the opposite side extended, are collinear.[12]:p. 149
Some authors use the name exterior angle of a simple polygon to simply mean the explement exterior angle (not supplement!) of the interior angle.[13] This conflicts with the above usage.

text: Plane related angles[edit]

text:
The angle between two planes (such as two adjacent faces of a polyhedron) is called a dihedral angle.[9] It may be defined as the acute angle between two lines normal to the planes.
The angle between a plane and an intersecting straight line is equal to ninety degrees minus the angle between the intersecting line and the line that goes through the point of intersection and is normal to the plane.

text: Measuring angles[edit]

text: The size of a geometric angle is usually characterized by the magnitude of the smallest rotation that maps one of the rays into the other. Angles that have the same size are said to be equal or congruent or equal in measure.

text: In some contexts, such as identifying a point on a circle or describing the orientation of an object in two dimensions relative to a reference orientation, angles that differ by an exact multiple of a full turn are effectively equivalent. In other contexts, such as identifying a point on a spiral curve or describing the cumulative rotation of an object in two dimensions relative to a reference orientation, angles that differ by a non-zero multiple of a full turn are not equivalent.

text: In order to measure an angle θ, a circular arc centered at the vertex of the angle is drawn, e.g. with a pair of compasses. The ratio of the length s of the arc by the radius r of the circle is the measure of the angle in radians.

text: The measure of the angle in another angular unit is then obtained by multiplying its measure in radians by the scaling factor k/2π, where k is the measure of a complete turn in the chosen unit (for example 360 for degrees or 400 for gradians):

text: The value of θ thus defined is independent of the size of the circle: if the length of the radius is changed then the arc length changes in the same proportion, so the ratio s/r is unaltered. (Proof. The formula above can be rewritten as k = θr/s. One turn, for which θ = n units, corresponds to an arc equal in length to the circle's circumference, which is 2πr, so s = 2πr. Substituting n for θ and 2πr for s in the formula, results in k = nr/2πr = n/2π.) [Note 1]

text: Angle addition postulate[edit]

text: The angle addition postulate states that if B is in the interior of angle AOC, then

text: The measure of the angle AOC is the sum of the measure of angle AOB and the measure of angle BOC. In this postulate it does not matter in which unit the angle is measured as long as each angle is measured in the same unit.

text: Units[edit]

text: Units used to represent angles are listed below in descending magnitude order. Of these units, the degree and the radian are by far the most commonly used. Angles expressed in radians are dimensionless for the purposes of dimensional analysis.

text: Most units of angular measurement are defined such that one turn (i.e. one full circle) is equal to n units, for some whole number n. The two exceptions are the radian and the diameter part.

text: Positive and negative angles[edit]

text: Although the definition of the measurement of an angle does not support the concept of a negative angle, it is frequently useful to impose a convention that allows positive and negative angular values to represent orientations and/or rotations in opposite directions relative to some reference.

text: In a two-dimensional Cartesian coordinate system, an angle is typically defined by its two sides, with its vertex at the origin. The initial side is on the positive x-axis, while the other side or terminal side is defined by the measure from the initial side in radians, degrees, or turns. With positive angles representing rotations toward the positive y-axis and negative angles representing rotations toward the negative y-axis. When Cartesian coordinates are represented by standard position, defined by the x-axis rightward and the y-axis upward, positive rotations are anticlockwise and negative rotations are clockwise.

text: In many contexts, an angle of −θ is effectively equivalent to an angle of "one full turn minus θ". For example, an orientation represented as  −45° is effectively equivalent to an orientation represented as 360° − 45° or 315°. Although the final position is the same, a physical rotation (movement) of  −45° is not the same as a rotation of 315° (for example, the rotation of a person holding a broom resting on a dusty floor would leave visually different traces of swept regions on the floor).

text: In three-dimensional geometry, "clockwise" and "anticlockwise" have no absolute meaning, so the direction of positive and negative angles must be defined relative to some reference, which is typically a vector passing through the angle's vertex and perpendicular to the plane in which the rays of the angle lie.

text: In navigation, bearings are measured relative to north. By convention, viewed from above, bearing angles are positive clockwise, so a bearing of 45° corresponds to a north-east orientation. Negative bearings are not used in navigation, so a north-west orientation corresponds to a bearing of 315°.

text: Alternative ways of measuring the size of an angle[edit]

text: There are several alternatives to measuring the size of an angle by the angle of rotation. The grade of a slope, or gradient is equal to the tangent of the angle, or sometimes (rarely) the sine. A gradient is often expressed as a percentage. For very small values (less than 5%), the grade of a slope is approximately the measure of the angle in radians.

text: In rational geometry the spread between two lines is defined as the square of the sine of the angle between the lines. As the sine of an angle and the sine of its supplementary angle are the same, any angle of rotation that maps one of the lines into the other leads to the same value for the spread between the lines.

text: Astronomical approximations[edit]

text: Astronomers measure angular separation of objects in degrees from their point of observation.

text:
0.5° is approximately the width of the sun or moon.
1° is approximately the width of a little finger at arm's length.
10° is approximately the width of a closed fist at arm's length.
20° is approximately the width of a handspan at arm's length.

text: These measurements clearly depend on the individual subject, and the above should be treated as rough rule of thumb approximations only.

text: Angles between curves[edit]

text: The angle between a line and a curve (mixed angle) or between two intersecting curves (curvilinear angle) is defined to be the angle between the tangents at the point of intersection. Various names (now rarely, if ever, used) have been given to particular cases:—amphicyrtic (Gr. ἀμφί, on both sides, κυρτός, convex) or cissoidal (Gr. κισσός, ivy), biconvex; xystroidal or sistroidal (Gr. ξυστρίς, a tool for scraping), concavo-convex; amphicoelic (Gr. κοίλη, a hollow) or angulus lunularis, biconcave.[18]

text: Bisecting and trisecting angles[edit]

text: The ancient Greek mathematicians knew how to bisect an angle (divide it into two angles of equal measure) using only a compass and straightedge, but could only trisect certain angles. In 1837 Pierre Wantzel showed that for most angles this construction cannot be performed.

text: Dot product and generalisations[edit]

text: In the Euclidean space, the angle θ between two Euclidean vectors u and v is related to their dot product and their lengths by the formula

text: This formula supplies an easy method to find the angle between two planes (or curved surfaces) from their normal vectors and between skew lines from their vector equations.

text: Inner product[edit]

text:
To define angles in an abstract real inner product space, we replace the Euclidean dot product ( · ) by the inner product

⟨
⋅
,
⋅
⟩

{\displaystyle \langle \cdot ,\cdot \rangle }

, i.e.

text: In a complex inner product space, the expression for the cosine above may give non-real values, so it is replaced with

text: or, more commonly, using the absolute value, with

text:
The latter definition ignores the direction of the vectors and thus describes the angle between one-dimensional subspaces

span

(

u

)

{\displaystyle \operatorname {span} (\mathbf {u} )}

 and

span

(

v

)

{\displaystyle \operatorname {span} (\mathbf {v} )}

 spanned by the vectors

u

{\displaystyle \mathbf {u} }

 and

v

{\displaystyle \mathbf {v} }

 correspondingly.

text: Angles between subspaces[edit]

text:
The definition of the angle between one-dimensional subspaces

span

(

u

)

{\displaystyle \operatorname {span} (\mathbf {u} )}

 and

span

(

v

)

{\displaystyle \operatorname {span} (\mathbf {v} )}

 given by

text:
in a Hilbert space can be extended to subspaces of any finite dimensions. Given two subspaces

U

{\displaystyle {\mathcal {U}}}

,

W

{\displaystyle {\mathcal {W}}}

 with

dim

(

U

)
:=
k
≤
dim

(

W

)
:=
l

{\displaystyle \dim({\mathcal {U}}):=k\leq \dim({\mathcal {W}}):=l}

, this leads to a definition of

k

{\displaystyle k}

 angles called canonical or principal angles between subspaces.

text: Angles in Riemannian geometry[edit]

text: In Riemannian geometry, the metric tensor is used to define the angle between two tangents. Where U and V are tangent vectors and gij are the components of the metric tensor G,

text: Hyperbolic angle[edit]

text: A hyperbolic angle is an argument of a hyperbolic function just as the circular angle is the argument of a circular function. The comparison can be visualized as the size of the openings of a hyperbolic sector and a circular sector since the areas of these sectors correspond to the angle magnitudes in each case. Unlike the circular angle, the hyperbolic angle is unbounded. When the circular and hyperbolic functions are viewed as infinite series in their angle argument, the circular ones are just alternating series forms of the hyperbolic functions. This weaving of the two types of angle and function was explained by Leonhard Euler in Introduction to the Analysis of the Infinite.

text: Angles in geography and astronomy[edit]

text: In geography, the location of any point on the Earth can be identified using a geographic coordinate system. This system specifies the latitude and longitude of any location in terms of angles subtended at the centre of the Earth, using the equator and (usually) the Greenwich meridian as references.

text: In astronomy, a given point on the celestial sphere (that is, the apparent position of an astronomical object) can be identified using any of several astronomical coordinate systems, where the references vary according to the particular system. Astronomers measure the angular separation of two stars by imagining two lines through the centre of the Earth, each intersecting one of the stars. The angle between those lines can be measured, and is the angular separation between the two stars.

text: In both geography and astronomy, a sighting direction can be specified in terms of a vertical angle such as altitude /elevation with respect to the horizon as well as the azimuth with respect to north.

text: Astronomers also measure the apparent size of objects as an angular diameter. For example, the full moon has an angular diameter of approximately 0.5°, when viewed from Earth. One could say, "The Moon's diameter subtends an angle of half a degree." The small-angle formula can be used to convert such an angular measurement into a distance/size ratio.


document_title: Dirty Dancing (2017 film)

question_text: where was the remake of dirty dancing filmed

text: Dirty Dancing (2017 film)

text: Plot[edit]

text: In late summer 1963, affluent, college-bound Frances "Baby" Houseman visits Kellerman's Catskills resort with her family and falls in love with working-class dance instructor Johnny Castle. The film closely follows the plot of the original film; the following are notable changes:

text: Baby plans to study medicine, rather than economics.

text: The role of Marjorie Houseman is significantly expanded. Feeling alienated by Jake's lack of attention and affection, despite her active efforts to engage him, Marjorie contacts a divorce lawyer and suggests she and Jake live apart. As Kellerman's is where Marjorie and Jake met and fell in love, Jake romances Marjorie and they have sex, reconciling.

text: The role of Vivian Pressman is also expanded; now a divorcee who visits Kellerman's alone, she tells Marjorie of her intense loneliness at night. When Johnny is accused of theft, the stolen property is no longer Vivian's husband's wallet, but instead her ex-husband's watch, which Johnny earlier rejected as a gift and which Vivian apparently planted among his belongings.

text: Lisa rejects Robbie much earlier in the film. She befriends a new character, Marco, the resort's African-American pianist. Over his boss Tito's objections, Marco teaches Lisa to play the ukulele and performs with her in the talent show. Tito and Max acknowledge that the world is changing for the better.

text: A frame story is added. In 1975, Frances attends "Dirty Dancing," a Broadway show choreographed by Johnny and inspired by a book Frances wrote. Frances' faith in Johnny gave him the confidence to pursue a career. Frances is married and has a daughter. Frances takes a weekly dance lesson; she and Johnny encourage each other to continue dancing.

text: Cast[edit]

text:
Abigail Breslin as Frances "Baby" Houseman
Colt Prattes as Johnny Castle
Debra Messing as Marjorie Houseman
Bruce Greenwood as Dr. Jake Houseman
Nicole Scherzinger as Penny
Sarah Hyland as Lisa Houseman
Tony Roberts as Max Kellerman
Trevor Einhorn as Neil Kellerman
Shane Harper as Robbie Gould
J. Quinton Johnson as Marco
Casper Smart as Billy Kostecki
Katey Sagal as Vivian Pressman
Billy Dee Williams as Tito Suarez

text: Production[edit]

text: In January 2011, Lionsgate announced that Kenny Ortega, the choreographer of the 1987 film Dirty Dancing, would direct its remake; however, the project was shelved the following year.[5] In December 2015, ABC and Lionsgate Television announced a three-hour remake of the movie which will not be live and would be in the same vein as The Rocky Horror Picture Show: Let's Do the Time Warp Again, a remake of the 1975 film of the same name. The remake was directed by Wayne Blair and the screenplay was written by Jessica Sharzer. Allison Shearmur was attached to the project as executive producer.[6]

text: Casting[edit]

text: Abigail Breslin had been officially attached as Baby, while the studio would green-light the project after further casting.[7] In January 2016, ABC officially green-lit the project after Debra Messing was cast as Baby's mother.[7] The following month, after a lengthy audition process, dancer Colt Prattes was announced as Johnny, the role originally played by Patrick Swayze.[8] In March 2016, it was announced that Nicole Scherzinger would co-star as Penny, Johnny's dance partner,[9] alongside Sarah Hyland as Lisa Houseman, Baby's sister,[10] and Bruce Greenwood as Dr. Jake Houseman, Baby's father.[11] Billy Dee Williams as Tito, the band leader,[12] Shane Harper as Robbie,[13] joined the cast of the movie alongside Beau “Casper” Smart and J. Quinton Johnson.[14] Later that month, Trevor Einhorn was tapped to play Neil Kellerman.[15] In April 2016, Katey Sagal and Tony Roberts were respectively cast as Vivian Pressman and Max Kellerman.[16][17]

text: Filming[edit]

text: Filming was based in Hendersonville, North Carolina. Most of the filming locations were across western North Carolina including Asheville, Cashiers and Saluda, with filming taking place in April and May 2016.[18][19] People living in the Hendersonville area served as crew members, extras and dancers, and they were invited to provide cars from the 1960s. Much of the filming took place at High Hampton Inn in Cashiers.[20] It created an estimated 1,225 jobs, including 900 extras, 30 cast members and 225 crew positions to support the project.[21]

text: Marketing[edit]

text: The official poster was unveiled in March 2017, and features Breslin and Prattes in an embrace from their final dance in the movie.[22] A 30-second teaser trailer was released a month before the television movie's release.[23]

text: Soundtrack[edit]

text:
Dirty Dancing: Original Television Soundtrack

Soundtrack album by Various artists

Released
May 19, 2017 (2017-05-19)

Length
50:28

Label

Virgin
Deepwell

text:
Dirty Dancing: Original Television Soundtrack[24]

No.
Title
Performer(s)
Length

1.
"Be My Baby"
Bea Miller
2:44

2.
"Big Girls Don't Cry"
Karmin
2:20

3.
"Love Man"
J. Quinton Johnson
2:19

4.
"Do You Love Me"
Colt Prattes, Nicole Scherzinger & Johnson
2:45

5.
"Fever"
Katey Sagal & Prattes
3:21

6.
"When I’m Alone"
Johnson
2:44

7.
"Wipe Out"
American Authors featuring Lindsey Stirling
2:31

8.
"Hungry Eyes"
Greyson Chance
3:42

9.
"Hey Baby"
Lady Antebellum
2:24

10.
"Whole Lotta Shakin' Goin' On"
Scherzinger & Abigail Breslin
3:07

11.
"Cry To Me"
Seal
2:50

12.
"They Can't Take That Away From Me"
Debra Messing
2:29

13.
"Love Is Strange"
Breslin & Prattes
3:01

14.
"They Can’t Take That Away (Reprise)"
Bruce Greenwood
2:00

15.
"She's Like the Wind"
Calum Scott
3:25

16.
"Don’t Think Twice It’s Alright"
Sarah Hyland & Johnson
3:39

17.
"(I've Had) The Time of My Life"
The Cast of Dirty Dancing featuring Prattes, Breslin, Johnson, Scherzinger, Messing & Greenwood
5:07

Total length:
50:28

text: Reception[edit]

text: Critical reception[edit]

text: The film has received negative reviews. Rotten Tomatoes gave the film a score of 22% "Rotten" based on 17 reviews.[3] On Metacritic, the film was given a score of 39 out of 100 based on 15 critics, indicating "generally unfavorable reviews".[4]

text: Kimberly Roots of TVLine gave Dirty Dancing a D, stating: "By adding unnecessary elements and turning Dirty Dancing into a musical, ABC proves that it wouldn't know what made the original film special if it hit them in the pachanga."[25]

text: Mae Abdulbaki of theyoungfolks.com gave Dirty Dancing a 3 (out of 10), stating "Remaking one of the most popular and beloved movies in the history of cinema feels almost disrespectful on many levels. Going into the TV movie remake of Dirty Dancing with a clear and open mind, I figured that if at least the dancing was good, then there was something to enjoy. However, the updated version doesn't even meet the lowest of expectations and blows past mediocre to land at downright terrible. The film is slow and dull, the lead actors have absolutely no chemistry, and the musical aspect doesn't add anything to the film."[26]

text: Sonia Saraiya of Variety stated in her negative review: "An ill-conceived remake of the 1987 film retains none of the passion, skill, or fun of the original."[27]

text: Viewership[edit]

text: Dirty Dancing averaged a 1.3 rating in adults 18-49 and 6.6 million viewers, airing from 8 p.m. to 11 p.m. The remake gave ABC its most-watched Wednesday in nearly seven months.[28][29]