document_title: Coat of arms of South Africa

question_text: who designed the national coat of arms of south africa

text: Coat of arms of South Africa

text: History[edit]

text: The design process was initiated when, in 1999, the Department of Arts, Culture, Science and Technology requested ideas for the new coat-of-arms from the public. A brief was then prepared based on the ideas received, along with input from the Cabinet. The Government Communication and Information System then approached Design South Africa to brief ten of the top designers. Three designers were chosen to present their concepts to the Cabinet.  Iaan Bekker's design was chosen.

text: The new arms were introduced on Freedom Day, 27 April 2000. The change reflected the government's aim to highlight the democratic change in South Africa and a new sense of patriotism.

text: The coat of arms is a series of elements organised in distinct symmetric egg-like or oval shapes placed on top of one another. The completed structure of the coat of arms combines the lower and higher oval shape in a symbol of infinity. The path that connects the lower edge of the scroll, through the lines of the tusks, with the horizon above and the sun rising at the top, forms the shape of the cosmic egg from which the secretary bird rises. In the symbolic sense, this is the implied rebirth of the spirit of the great and heroic nation of South Africa.

text: The coat of arms is also a central part of the Seal of the Republic, traditionally considered to be the highest emblem of the State. Absolute authority is given to every document with an impression of the Seal of the Republic on it, as this means that it has been approved by the President of South Africa. Since 1997, however, the use of the Seal of the Republic has not actually been required by the Constitution, but it continues to be used.

text: Blazon[edit]

text: The official blazon of the arms is:

text: Or, representations of two San human figures of red ochre, statant respectant, the hands of the innermost arms clasped, with upper arm, inner wrist, waist and knee bands Argent, and a narrow border of red ochre; the shield ensigned of a spear and knobkierie in saltire, Sable. Thereabove a demi-secretary bird displayed Or, charged on the breast with a stylised representation of a protea flower with outer petals Vert, inner petals Or and seeded of nine triangles conjoined in three rows, the upper triangle Gules, the second row Vert, Or inverted and Vert, and the third row Vert, Or inverted, Sable, Or inverted and Vert. Above the head of the secretary bird an arc of seven rays facetted Or and Orange, the two outer rays conjoined to the elevated wings.

text: Upon a riband Vert, the motto !KE E: /XARRA //KE in letters Argent. Issuant from the ends of the riband two pairs of elephant tusks curving inwards, the tips conjoined to the wings of the secretary bird, Or, therewithin and flanking the shields, two ears of wheat Brunatré.[2]

text: The oval shape of foundation[edit]

text: The first element is the motto, in a green semicircle. Completing the semicircle are two symmetrically placed pairs of elephant tusks pointing upwards. Within the oval shape formed by the tusks are two symmetrical ears of wheat, that in turn frame a centrally placed gold shield.

text: The shape of the shield makes reference to the drum, and contains two human figures from Khoisan rock art. The figures are depicted facing one another in greeting and in unity.

text: Above the shield are a spear and a knobkierie, crossed in a single unit. These elements are arranged harmoniously to give focus to the shield and complete the lower oval shape of foundation.

text: The motto

text: The ears of wheat

text: Elephant tusks

text: The shield

text: The human figures

text: The spear and knobkierie

text: The oval shape of ascendance[edit]

text: Immediately above the oval shape of foundation, is the visual centre of the coat of arms, a protea. The petals of the protea are rendered in a triangular pattern reminiscent of the crafts of Africa.

text:
The secretary bird is placed above the protea and the flower forms the chest of the bird. The secretary bird stands with its wings uplifted in a regal and uprising gesture. The distinctive head feathers of the secretary bird crown a strong and vigilant head.
The rising sun above the horizon is placed between the wings of the secretary bird and completes the oval shape of ascendance.

text: The combination of the upper and lower oval shapes intersect to form an unbroken infinite course, and the great harmony between the basic elements result in a dynamic, elegant and thoroughly distinctive design. Yet it clearly retains the stability, gravity and immediacy that a coat of arms demands.

text: The King protea

text: The secretary bird

text: The rising sun

text: 1910 arms[edit]

text: The first coat of arms was granted by King George V by Royal Warrant on 17 September 1910.[3]  This was a few months after the formation of the Union of South Africa.

text: It was a combination of symbols representing the four provinces (formerly colonies) that made up the Union.

text:
The first quarter is the figure of Hope, representing the Colony of the Cape of Good Hope.
The two wildebeests of the second quarter represent the Colony of Natal.
The orange tree in the third quarter was used as the symbol of the Orange Free State Republic.
The wagon in the fourth quarter represented the Transvaal.
The supporters are taken from the arms of the Orange River Colony and the Cape Colony.
The lion holds four rods, bound together, symbolising the unification of the four former colonies.

text: The motto, Ex Unitate Vires was officially translated as "Union is Strength" until 1961, and thereafter as "Unity is Strength".

text: Evolution[edit]

text: Three official renditions of the arms were used.  The original rendition (1910) was the only version used until 1930, and it continued to be used as the rank badge of warrant officers in the South African Defence Force and South African National Defence Force until 2002.  The second version, painted in 1930 and known as the "ordinary coat of arms", and the third version, painted in 1932 and known as the "embellished coat of arms", were both used until 2000.

text:
1910

1930

1932


question_text: when does model code of conduct come into force

root

text: This article needs more links to other articles to help integrate it into the encyclopedia. Please help improve this article by adding links that are relevant to the context within the existing text. (April 2014) (Learn how and when to remove this template message)

tag: table

text: Election Commission of India's Model Code of Conduct is a set of guidelines issued by the Election Commission of India for conduct of political parties and candidates during elections mainly with respect to speeches, polling day, polling booths, election manifestos, processions and general conduct. These set of norms has been evolved with the consensus of political parties who have consented to abide by the principles embodied in the said code in its letter and spirit.The Model Code of Conduct comes into force immediately on announcement of the election schedule by the commission for the need of ensuring free and fair elections.[1] Much of it is designed to avert communal clashes and corrupt practices. For example, politicians should not make hate speeches, putting one community against another or make promises about new projects that may sway a voter.

tag: p

text: For the 2014 general election the code came into force on 5 March 2014 when the Commission announced the dates and remains in force till the end of the electoral process.

text: "The Model Code of Conduct is crucial to make sure a level playing field among various contenders in the poll fray," said the Chief Election Commissioner V.S. Sampath at the press conference.[2]

text: Main points[edit]

text: The main points of the code are:

text:
Government bodies are not to participate in any new recruitment process during the electoral process.
The contesting candidates and the campaigners must respect the home life of their rivals and should not disturb them by holding road shows or demonstrations in front of their houses. The code tells the candidates to keep it.
The election campaign rallies and road shows must not hinder the road traffic.
Candidates are asked to refrain from distributing liquor to voters. It is a widely known fact in India that during election campaigning, liquor may be distributed to the voters.
The election code in force hinders the government or running party leaders from launching new welfare programmes like construction of roads, provision of drinking water facilities etc. or any ribbon-cutting ceremonies.
The code instructs that public spaces like meeting grounds, helipads, government guest houses and bungalows should be equally shared among the contesting candidates. These public spaces should not be monopolised by a few candidates.
Any candidate or political party shall not use any place of worship for election propaganda.

tag: ol


document_title: 106th Grey Cup

question_text: where is the 2018 grey cup being played

question_tokens: where is the 2018 grey cup being played

text: 106th Grey Cup

text:
106th Grey Cup

Date
November 25, 2018

Stadium
The Brick Field at Commonwealth Stadium[1]

Location
Edmonton, Alberta

Broadcasters

Network
English: TSN
French: RDS
United States: ESPN2

← 105th Grey Cup
107th Grey Cup →

text: The 106th Grey Cup (known as the 106th Grey Cup presented by Shaw for sponsorship reasons)[2] will be played to decide the Canadian Football League (CFL) championship for the 2018 season. The game will be televised in Canada nationally on TSN.

text: The game is scheduled to be played at The Brick Field at Commonwealth Stadium in Edmonton, Alberta[1] on Sunday, November 25, 2018.

text: Host city[edit]

text: On March 24, 2017, it was reported by several news outlets that the Calgary Stampeders and Edmonton Eskimos were bidding to host the 2018 Grey Cup game.[3][4] In previous years, the games would be awarded based on regional preference or ownership changes (such as Toronto hosting the 104th Grey Cup four years after hosting their previous one).[5] However, beginning with the 2018 game, the league will have a bidding process based on the merits of the application to determine a host.[6] Calgary last hosted the Grey Cup in 2009 while Edmonton last hosted in 2010. Both cities have previously hosted the Grey Cup game four times.

text: Despite having a new stadium, and not having hosted the Grey Cup game since 1996, it was reported that the Hamilton Tiger-Cats would not submit a bid for the 106th Grey Cup due to ongoing lawsuits filed against the construction firms that completed the stadium more than a year behind schedule.[6] Tiger-Cats CEO, Scott Mitchell, relayed that the organization was focused on the lawsuits first and foremost, and once those are completed they will focus on hosting a Grey Cup in the near future.[7]


document_title: Star Trek: The Next Generation

question_text: when did star trek the next generation first air

question_tokens: when did star trek the next generation first air

text: Star Trek: The Next Generation

text: Episodes[edit]

text:
Season
Episodes
Originally aired

First aired
Last aired

1
26
September 28, 1987 (1987-09-28)
May 16, 1988 (1988-05-16)

2
22
November 21, 1988 (1988-11-21)
July 17, 1989 (1989-07-17)

3
26
September 25, 1989 (1989-09-25)
June 18, 1990 (1990-06-18)

4
26
September 24, 1990 (1990-09-24)
June 17, 1991 (1991-06-17)

5
26
September 23, 1991 (1991-09-23)
June 15, 1992 (1992-06-15)

6
26
September 21, 1992 (1992-09-21)
June 21, 1993 (1993-06-21)

7
26
September 20, 1993 (1993-09-20)
May 23, 1994 (1994-05-23)

text: The series follows the adventures of a space-faring crew on board the Galaxy Class starship USS Enterprise (NCC-1701-D), the fifth Federation vessel to bear the name and registry and the seventh starship by that name. (See Starship Enterprise for other ships with the name and/or registry). The series is set about 70 years after the final mission of the original Enterprise crew under the command of James T. Kirk.[6] The Federation has undergone significant internal changes in its quest to explore and seek out new life, adding new degrees of complexity and controversy to its methods, especially those focused on the Prime Directive. The Klingon Empire and the United Federation of Planets have ceased wartime hostilities and become galactic allies, while more sinister foes such as the Romulans and the Borg take precedence on the series.

text: The Enterprise is commanded by Captain Jean-Luc Picard and is staffed by first officer Commander William Riker, second officer/operations manager Data, security chief Tasha Yar, ship's counselor Deanna Troi, chief medical officer Dr. Beverly Crusher and her son Wesley Crusher, conn officer Lieutenant Geordi La Forge, and junior officer Lieutenant Worf. The death of Lieutenant Yar in the twenty-third episode of the first season (1987-1988) of the series prompts an internal shuffle of personnel, making Worf official chief of security. In season two, La Forge is promoted to chief engineer and Katherine Pulaski briefly takes over for Beverly Crusher.

text: The series begins with the crew of the Enterprise-D put on trial by an omnipotent being known as Q, who became a recurring character. The god-like entity threatens the extinction of mankind for being a race of savages, forcing them to solve a mystery at nearby Farpoint Station to prove their worthiness to be spared. After successfully solving the mystery and avoiding disaster, the crew officially departs on its mission to explore strange new worlds.

text: Subsequent stories focus on the discovery of new life and sociological and political relationships with alien cultures, as well as exploring the human condition. Several new species are introduced as recurring antagonists, including the Ferengi, the Cardassians, and the Borg. Throughout their adventures, Picard and his crew are often forced to face and live with the consequences of difficult choices.

text: The series ended in its seventh season with a two-part episode "All Good Things...", which brought the events of the series full circle to the original confrontation with Q. An interstellar anomaly that threatens all life in the universe forces Picard to leap from his present, past, and future to combat the threat. Picard was successfully able to show to Q that humanity could think outside of the confines of perception and theorize on new possibilities while still being prepared to sacrifice themselves for the sake of the greater good. The series ended with the crew of the Enterprise portrayed as feeling more like a family and paved the way for four consecutive motion pictures that continued the theme and mission of the series.

text:
Episodes by Season (1-4)

Season 1
Season 2
Season 3
Season 4

"Encounter at Farpoint" (Two-part episode)

"The Naked Now"
"Code of Honor"
"The Last Outpost"
"Where No One Has Gone Before"
"Lonely Among Us"
"Justice"
"The Battle"
"Hide and Q"
"Haven"
"The Big Goodbye" (Peabody Award Winner)
"Datalore"
"Angel One"
"11001001"
"Too Short a Season"
"When the Bough Breaks"
"Home Soil"
"Coming of Age"
"Heart of Glory"
"The Arsenal of Freedom"
"Symbiosis"
"Skin of Evil"
"We'll Always Have Paris"
"Conspiracy"
"The Neutral Zone"

"The Child"
"Where Silence Has Lease"
"Elementary, Dear Data"
"The Outrageous Okona"
"Loud as a Whisper"
"The Schizoid man"
"Unnatural Selection"
"A Matter of Honor"
"The Measure of a Man"
"The Dauphin"
"Contagion"
"The Royale"
"Time Squared"
"The Icarus Factor"
"Pen Pals"
"Q Who"
"Samaritan Snare"
"Up the Long Ladder"
"Manhunt"
"The Emissary"
"Peak Performance"
"Shades of Gray"

"Evolution"
"The Ensigns of Command"
"The Survivors"
"Who Watches the Watchers"
"The Bonding"
"Booby Trap"
"The Enemy"
"The Price"
"The Vengeance Factor"
"The Defector"
"The Hunted"
"The High Ground"
"Déjà Q"
"A Matter of Perspective"
"Yesterday's Enterprise"
"The Offspring"
"Sins of the Father"
"Allegiance"
"Captain's Holiday"
"Tin Man"
"Hollow Pursuits"
"The Most Toys"
"Sarek"
"Ménage à Troi"
"Transfigurations"
"The Best of Both Worlds" (Part 1)

"The Best of Both Worlds" (Part 2)
"Family"
"Brothers"
"Suddenly Human"
"Remember Me"
"Legacy"
"Reunion"
"Future Imperfect"
"Final Mission"
"The Loss"
"Data's Day"
"The Wounded"
"Devil's Due"
"Clues"
"First Contact"
"Galaxy's Child"
"Night Terrors"
"Identity Crisis"
"The Nth Degree"
"Qpid"
"The Drumhead"
"Half a Life"
"The Host"
"The Mind's Eye"
"In Theory"
"Redemption" (Part 1)

text:
Episodes by Season (5-7)

Season 5
Season 6
Season 7

"Redemption (Part 2)
"Darmok"
"Ensign Ro"
"Silicon Avatar"
"Disaster"
"The Game"
"Unification" (Two-part episode)

"A Matter of Time"
"New Ground"
"Hero Worship"
"Violations"
"The Masterpiece Society"
"Conundrum"
"Power Play"
"Ethics"
"The Outcast"
"Cause and Effect"
"The First Duty"
"Cost of Living"
"The Perfect Mate"
"Imaginary Friend"
"I, Borg"
"The Next Phase"
"The Inner Light"
"Time's Arrow" (Part 1)

"Time's Arrow" (Part 2)
"Realm of Fear"
"Man of the People"
"Relics"
"Schisms"
"True Q"
"Rascals"
"A Fistful of Datas"
"The Quality of Life"
"Chain of Command" (Two-part episode)

"Ship in a Bottle"
"Aquiel"
"Face of the Enemy"
"Tapestry"
"Birthright" (Two-part episode)

"Starship Mine"
"Lessons"
"The Chase"
"Frame of Mind"
"Suspicions"
"Rightful Heir"
"Second Chances"
"Timescape"
"Descent" (Part 1)

"Descent" (Part 2)
"Liaisons"
"Interface"
"Gambit" (Two-part episode)

"Phantasms"
"Dark Page"
"Attached"
"Force of Nature"
"Inheritance"
"Parallels"
"The Pegasus"
"Homeward"
"Sub Rosa"
"Lower Decks"
"Thine Own Self"
"Masks"
"Eye of the Beholder"
"Genesis"
"Journey's End"
"Firstborn"
"Bloodlines"
"Emergence"
"Preemptive Strike"
"All Good Things..." (Two-part episode)

text: Production[edit]

text: Background[edit]

text: By 1986, 20 years after Star Trek's debut on NBC, the franchise's longevity amazed Paramount Pictures executives. Chairman Frank Mancuso Sr. and others described it as the studio's "crown jewel", a "priceless asset" that "must not be squandered". The series was the most popular syndicated television program 17 years after cancellation,[8] and the Harve Bennett-produced Star Trek films did well at the box office.[9] William Shatner and Leonard Nimoy's salary demands for Star Trek IV: The Voyage Home (1986) caused the studio to plan for a new Star Trek television series, as it had thought to do in 1977 with Star Trek: Phase II before making the films. Paramount executives worried that a new show could hurt the demand for the films, but decided that it would increase their appeal on videocassette and cable,[8] and that a show with unknown actors would be more profitable than paying the films' actors' large salaries.[10] Roddenberry initially declined to be involved, but came on board as creator after being unhappy with early conceptual work. Star Trek: The Next Generation was announced on October 10, 1986,[6] and its cast in May 1987.[11]

text: Paramount executive Rick Berman was assigned to the show at Roddenberry's request. Roddenberry hired a number of Star Trek veterans, including Bob Justman, D. C. Fontana, Eddie Milkis, and David Gerrold.[12] Early proposals for the series included one in which some of the original series cast might appear as "elder statesmen",[8] and Roddenberry speculated as late as October 1986 that the new series might not even use a spaceship, as "people might travel by some [other] means" 100 years after the USS Enterprise (NCC-1701).[13] A more lasting change was his new belief that workplace interpersonal conflict would no longer exist in the future; thus, the new series did not have parallels to the frequent "crusty banter" between Kirk, Spock, and Leonard McCoy.[10] According to series actor Patrick Stewart, Berman was more receptive than Roddenberry to the show addressing political issues.[14]

text: The series' music theme combined the fanfare from the original series theme by Alexander Courage with Jerry Goldsmith's theme for Star Trek: The Motion Picture (1979). Some early episodes' plots derived from outlines created for Star Trek: Phase II.[6] Additionally, some sets used in the Original Series-era films were redressed for The Next Generation, and in turn used for subsequent Original Series films.[15] Part of the transporter room set in TNG was used in the original Star Trek's transporter set.[15] Many production details, such as LCARS computer interfaces and starship design, were carried through in the production of subsequent spin-offs.

text: A major focus of the show is the faster-than-light starship visiting exoplanets, which, although some had speculated to exist, were still in the realm of science fiction when show started in the 1987. However, by the early 1990s more claims were coming out including for PSR B1257+12, and a year after the show ended there was a more definitive detection of planets around 51 Pegasi. Another example is the ubiquitous use of hand-held tablet computers, at the time a fictional technology props for the actors but became a more practical and common computing device by the 2010s

text: Syndication and profitability[edit]

text: Despite Star Trek's proven success, NBC and ABC only offered to consider pilot scripts for the new series, and CBS offered to air a miniseries that could become a series if it did well. That the Big Three television networks treated Paramount's most appealing and valuable property as they would any other series offended the studio. Fox wanted the show to help launch the new network, but wanted it by March 1987, and would only commit to 13 episodes instead of a full season. The unsuccessful negotiations convinced the studio that it could only protect Star Trek with full control.[8][13]

text: Paramount increased and accelerated the show's profitability by choosing to instead broadcast it in first-run syndication[16][10][17]:123–124 on independent stations (whose numbers had more than tripled since 1980) and Big Three network affiliates.[8] The studio offered the show to local stations for free as barter syndication. The stations sold five minutes of commercial time to local advertisers and Paramount sold the remaining seven minutes to national advertisers. Stations had to commit to purchasing reruns in the future,[16] and only those that aired the new show could purchase the popular reruns of the original series.[18]:222[19]

text: The studio's strategy succeeded. Most of the 150 stations airing reruns of the original Star Trek wanted to prevent a competitor from airing the new show; ultimately, 210 stations covering 90% of the United States became part of Paramount's informal nationwide network for TNG.[16][20] In early October 1987, more than 50 network affiliates pre-empted their own shows for the series pilot, "Encounter at Farpoint". One station predicted that "'Star Trek' promises to be one of the most successful programs of the season, network or syndicated."[20] TNG helped stations like WZZM in Grand Rapids, Michigan, who made a decision show The Next Generation.[20]

text: The new show indeed performed well; the pilot's ratings were higher than those of many network programs,[20] and ratings remained comparable to network shows by the end of the first season, despite the handicap of each station airing the show on a different day and time, often outside prime time. By the end of the first season, Paramount reportedly received $1 million for advertising per episode, more than the roughly $800,000 fee that networks typically paid for a one-hour show;[16] by 1992, when the budget for each episode had risen to almost $2 million,[21] the studio earned $90 million from advertising annually from first-run episodes, with each 30-second commercial selling for $115,000 to $150,000.[22][23] The show had a 40% return on investment for Paramount, with $30 to $60 million in annual upfront net profit for first-run episodes and another $70 million for stripping rights for each of the about 100 episodes then available, so did not need overseas sales to be successful.[22]

text: Season one[edit]

text: The Next Generation was shot on 35mm film,[24] and the budget for each episode was $1.3 million, among the largest for a one-hour television drama.[16] While the staff enjoyed the creative freedom gained by independence from a broadcast network's Standards and Practices department,[18]:222 the first season was marked by a "revolving door" of writers, with Gerrold, Fontana, and others quitting after disputes with Roddenberry.[25] Roddenberry "virtually rewrote" the first 15 episodes because of his "dogmatic" intention to depict human interaction "without drawing on the baser motives of greed, lust, and power". Writers found the show's "bible" constricting and ridiculous and couldn't deal with Roddenberry's ego and treatment of them. It stated, for example, that "regular characters all share a feeling of being part of a band of brothers and sisters. As in the original 'Star Trek,' we invite the audience to share the same feeling of affection for our characters."[10]

text: Mark Bourne of The DVD Journal wrote of season one: "A typical episode relied on trite plot points, clumsy allegories, dry and stilted dialogue, or characterization that was taking too long to feel relaxed and natural."[26] Other targets of criticism included poor special effects and plots being resolved by the deus ex machina of Wesley Crusher saving the ship.[27][28] However, Patrick Stewart's acting skills won praise, and critics noted that characters were given greater potential for development than those of the original series.[26][27] Both actors and producers were unsure whether Trekkies loyal to the original show would accept the new one,[29][30] but one critic stated as early as October 1987 that The Next Generation, not the movies or the original show, "is the real 'Star Trek' now".[31]

text: While the events of most episodes of season one were self-contained, many developments important to the show as a whole occurred during the season. The recurring nemesis Q was introduced in the pilot, the alien Ferengi had their sentinel showing in "The Last Outpost", the holodeck was introduced, and the romantic backstory between William Riker and Deanna Troi was investigated. "The Naked Now", one of the few episodes that depicted Roddenberry's fascination (as seen in the show's bible) with sex in the future, became a cast favorite.[10]

text: Later episodes in the season set the stage for serial plots. The episode "Datalore" introduced Data's evil twin brother Lore, who made several more appearances in episodes in subsequent seasons. "Coming of Age" dealt with Wesley Crusher's efforts to get into Starfleet Academy while also hinting at the threat to Starfleet later faced in "Conspiracy". "Heart of Glory" explored Worf's character, Klingon culture, and the uneasy truce between the Federation and the Klingon Empire, three themes that played major roles in later episodes. Tasha Yar left the show in "Skin of Evil", becoming the first regular Star Trek character to die permanently (although the character was seen again in two later episodes) in either series or film. The season finale, "The Neutral Zone", established the presence of two of TNG' most enduring villains: the Romulans, making their first appearance since the Original Series, and, through foreshadowing, the Borg.

text: The premiere became the first television episode to be nominated for a Hugo Award since 1972. Six of the season's episodes were each nominated for an Emmy Award. "11001001" won for Outstanding Sound Editing for a Series, "The Big Goodbye" won for Outstanding Costume Design for a Series, and "Conspiracy" won for Outstanding Achievement in Makeup for a Series.[6] "The Big Goodbye" also won a Peabody Award, the first syndicated program[16] and only Star Trek episode to do so.

text: The top episodes for Nielsen ratings were "Encounter at Farpoint" with 15.7, and the next highest was "Justice" with 12.7.[32]

text: Debuted 1987-1988

text: Season two[edit]

text: The series underwent significant changes during its second season. Beverly Crusher was replaced as Chief Medical Officer by Katherine Pulaski, played by Diana Muldaur, who had been a guest star in "Return to Tomorrow" and "Is There in Truth No Beauty?", two episodes from the original Star Trek series. The ship's recreational area, Ten-Forward, and its mysterious bartender/advisor, Guinan, played by Whoopi Goldberg, appeared for the first time. Another change was in the opening theme, wherein at the end is a short fanfare. Owing to the 1988 Writers Guild of America strike, the number of episodes produced was cut from 26 to 22, and the start of the season was delayed. Because of the strike, the opening episode, "The Child", was based on a script originally written for Star Trek: Phase II, while the season finale, "Shades of Gray", was a clip show.

text: Nevertheless, season two as a whole was widely regarded as significantly better than season one.[33] Benefiting from Paramount's commitment to a multiyear run and free from network interference due to syndication, Roddenberry found writers who could work within his guidelines and create drama from the cast's interaction with the rest of the universe.[10] The plots became more sophisticated and began to mix drama with comic relief. Its focus on character development received special praise.[33] Co-executive producer Maurice Hurley has stated that his primary goal for the season was to plan and execute season-long story arcs and character arcs.[34] Hurley wrote the acclaimed episode "Q Who", which featured the first on-screen appearance of the Borg, TNG's most popular villain. Season two focused on developing the character Data, and two highly regarded episodes from the season, "Elementary, Dear Data" and "The Measure of a Man", featured him prominently.[35] Miles O'Brien also became a more prominent character during the second season, while Geordi La Forge took the position of Chief Engineer. Klingon issues continued to be explored in well-regarded episodes such as "A Matter of Honor" and "The Emissary", which introduced Worf's former lover K'Ehleyr.[36] Five second-season episodes were nominated for six Emmy Awards, and "Q Who" won for Outstanding Sound Editing for a Series and Outstanding Sound Mixing for a Drama Series.[6]

text: Debuted 1988-1989

text: Season three[edit]

text: Before the production of the third season in the summer of 1989, some personnel changes were made. Head writer Maurice Hurley was let go and Michael Piller took over for the rest of the series. Creator and executive producer Gene Roddenberry took less of an active role due to his declining health. Roddenberry gave Piller and Berman the executive producer jobs, and they remained in that position for the rest of the series' run, with Berman overseeing the production as a whole and Piller being in charge of the creative direction of the show and the writing room. Doctor Crusher returned from her off-screen tenure at Starfleet Medical to replace Doctor Pulaski, who had remained a guest star throughout the second season. An additional change was the inclusion of the fanfare that was added to the opening credits of the second season, to the end of the closing credits. Ronald D. Moore joined the show after submitting a spec script that became "The Bonding". He became the franchise's "Klingon guru",[6] meaning that he wrote most TNG episodes dealing with the Klingon Empire (though he wrote some Romulan stories, as well, such as "The Defector"). Writer/producer Ira Steven Behr also joined the show in its third season. Though his tenure with TNG lasted only one year, he later went on to be a writer and showrunner of spin-off series Star Trek: Deep Space Nine.[37] Six third-season episodes were nominated for eight Emmys. "Yesterday's Enterprise" won for Outstanding Sound Editing for a Series and "Sins of the Father" won for Best Art Direction for a Series.[6] After a chiropractor warned that the cast members risked permanent skeletal injury, new two-piece wool uniforms replaced the first two seasons' extremely tight spandex uniforms.[38] The season finale, the critically acclaimed episode "The Best of Both Worlds", was the first season-ending cliffhanger, a tradition that continued throughout the remainder of the series.

text: Debuted 1989-1990

text: Season four[edit]

text: Brannon Braga and Jeri Taylor joined the show in its fourth season. The fourth season surpassed the Original Series in series length with the production of "The Best of Both Worlds, Part II". A new alien race, the Cardassians, made their first appearance in "The Wounded". They later were featured in Star Trek: Deep Space Nine. The season finale, "Redemption", was the 100th episode, and the cast and crew (including creator Gene Roddenberry) celebrated the historic milestone on the bridge set. Footage of this was seen in the Star Trek 25th-anniversary special hosted by William Shatner and Leonard Nimoy which aired later in the year. Seven fourth-season episodes were nominated for eight Emmys. "The Best of Both Worlds, Part II" won for both Outstanding Sound Editing in a Series and Outstanding Sound Mixing for a Series.[6] Character Wesley Crusher left the series in season four to go to Starfleet Academy. "Family" was the only Star Trek episode not to have a bridge scene during the entire episode and is the only TNG episode where Data does not appear on-screen.

text: Debuted 1990-1991

text: Season five[edit]

text: The fifth season's seventh episode, "Unification", opened with a dedication to Star Trek creator Gene Roddenberry (though the prior episode, "The Game", aired four days after his death). Roddenberry, though he had recently died, continued to be credited as executive producer for the rest of the season. The cast and crew learned of his death during the production of "Hero Worship", a later season-five episode. Seven fifth-season episodes were nominated for eight Emmys. "Cost of Living" won for Outstanding Individual Achievement in Costume Design for a Series and Outstanding Individual Achievement in Makeup for a Series, and "A Matter of Time" and "Conundrum" tied for Outstanding Individual Achievement in Special Visual Effects. In addition, "The Inner Light" became the first television episode since the 1968 original series Star Trek episode "The City on the Edge of Forever" to win a Hugo Award for Best Dramatic Presentation.[6] Season five had the introduction of a jacket for Picard, worn periodically throughout the rest of the show's run. The observation lounge set was altered with the removal of the gold model starships across the interior wall and the addition of lighting beneath the windows. Recurring character Ensign Ro Laren was introduced in the fifth season. The season 5 finale cliffhanger includes a cameo by Stephen Hawking (Part I of "Descent").

text: Debuted 1991-1992

text: Season six[edit]

text: The sixth season brought a new set of changes. Rick Berman and Michael Piller's time was split between the newly created Star Trek: Deep Space Nine and The Next Generation. Three sixth-season episodes were nominated for Emmys. "Time's Arrow, Part II" won for both Outstanding Individual Achievement in Costume Design for a Series and Outstanding Individual Achievement in Hairstyling for a Series, and "A Fistful of Datas" won for Outstanding Individual Achievement in Sound Mixing for a Drama Series.[6] The highest rated episode of Season 6 for Nielsen ratings was "Relics", with a rating of 13.9.[39] which featured Scotty played by original series veteran James Doohan.

text: NASA astronaut Mae Jemison plays in Lt. Palmer the Season 6 show "Second Chances".[40][41]

text: Debuted 1992-1993

text: Season seven[edit]

text: The seventh season was The Next Generation's last. The penultimate episode, "Preemptive Strike", concluded the plot line for the recurring character Ensign Ro Laren and introduced themes that continued in Star Trek: Deep Space Nine and Star Trek: Voyager. The Next Generation series finale, "All Good Things...", was a double-length episode (separated into two parts for reruns) that aired the week of May 19, 1994, revisiting the events of the pilot and providing a bookend to the series. Toronto's SkyDome played host to a massive event for the series finale. Thousands of people packed the stadium to watch the final episode on the stadium's JumboTron. Five seventh-season episodes were nominated for nine Emmys, and the series as a whole was the first syndicated television series nominated for Outstanding Drama Series. To this day, The Next Generation is the only syndicated drama to be nominated in this category. "All Good Things..." won for Outstanding Individual Achievement in Special Visual Effects, and "Genesis" won for Outstanding Individual Achievement in Sound Mixing for a Drama Series. "All Good Things..." also won the second of the series's two Hugo Awards.[6] "All Good Things.." also achieved the highest Nielson rating for all of Season 7, with a rating of 17.4.[42]

text: The TNG cast went on to make 4 films after the conclusion of Season 7. Between 1994 and 2002 the main Cast of the show went on to star in Generations, First Contact, Insurrection, and Nemesis. Meanwhile, on TV, DS9 continued with some of the prior TNG cast including Worf and O'Brien, and later in Fall of 1994 Frakes (TNG's Riker) guest starred on Deep Space Nine's "Defiant" (S3E9). In January 1995 the new Star Trek TV series Voyager show launched. and the aforementioned Generations movie had hit theaters in November 1994. Even with the loss of the franchise's guide and visionary, Roddenberry, Star Trek: The Next Generation had launched a golden era of new Trek media which would last well into the 21st century. In the finale of Enterprise, over ten years later Frakes and Sirtis reprising their roles as Riker and Deanna appear on television one last time. In the 2010s a project would be undertaken to convert all of TNG to 1080p High-Definition, and by 2015 it was all released on Blue-Ray, TV, and HD internet steaming services.

text: Debuted 1993-1994

text: Legacy[edit]

text: Although the cast members were contracted for eight seasons,[43] Paramount ended The Next Generation after seven, which disappointed and puzzled some of the actors, and was an unusual decision for a successful television show. Paramount then made films using the cast, which it believed would be less successful if the show were still on television.[44] Season eight also would likely have reduced the show's profitability due to higher cast salaries and a lower price per episode when sold for stripping. The show's strong ratings continued to the end; the series finale was ranked number two among all shows that week, between hits Home Improvement and Seinfeld.[43]

text: Star Trek: The Next Generation finale in Season Seven was watched by over 30 million viewers when it concluded in early 1994.[4] TNG would provide the high-water mark in terms of viewership, with a peak of 11.5 million during its 5th Season prior to the launch of DS9, and between 1988 and 1992 it picked up half a million to a million additional viewers per year.[5]

text: Adjusted Nielson Ratings for Star Trek TV[5]

text:
Fall 1987 - Spring 1988: 8.55 Million TNG S1
Fall 1988 - Spring 1989: 9.14 Million TNG S2
Fall 1989 - Spring 1990: 9.77 Million TNG S3
Fall 1990 - Spring 1991: 10.58 Million TNG S4
Fall 1991 - Spring 1992: 11.50 Million TNG S5
Fall 1992 - Spring 1993: 10.83 Million TNG S6 (DS9 S1 Debuted in Spring 1993)
Fall 1993 - Spring 1994: 9.78 Million TNG S7 + DS9 S2
Fall 1994 - Spring 1995: 7.05 Million DS9 S3 + VOY S1
Fall 1995 - Spring 1996: 6.42 Million DS9 S4 + VOY S2
Fall 1996 - Spring 1997: 5.03 Million DS9 S5 + VOY S3
Fall 1997 - Spring 1998: 4.53 Million DS9 S6+ VOY S4
Fall 1998 - Spring 1999: 4.00 Million DS9 S7 + VOY S5 (Voyager also had two more seasons)

tag: ul

text: High-Definition Project[edit]

text: In the 2010s, Star Trek: The Next Generation was re-produced in high-definition (1080p) with a format of 4:3 (1.33:1).[45] Many thought would not be possible, but CBS managed to do it and major work was done at CBS Digital.[45] TNG was shot on 35 mm film, which meant the film could be re-scanned to a higher resolution, however, many of the special effects had to be re-produced.[46] Also a 7.1 DTS-HD Master Audio sound option was created.[46]

text: Season 1 achieved 95,000 units in its launch week in 2012.[47] (further information Blu-Ray releases) In addition to the Blu-Ray packages, the HD was sold to many online streaming TV providers such as Netflix.[48] The Netflix version included some additional special effect changes.[48] The Blu-ray sets include many special features and videos, such as a 1988 episode of Reading Rainbow where Levar Burton (on TNG he is cast as Chief Engineer Geordi) documents the making of a Star Trek: The Next Generation episode.[46]

text: In June 2016 a 41-disc set was released with over 8000 minutes of TNG-content, including the entire show in 1080p (4:3).[49]

text: Cast[edit]

text:
Patrick Stewart as Captain Jean-Luc Picard is the commanding officer of the U.S.S. Enterprise. Stewart also played the character in the pilot episode of Deep Space Nine and all four TNG theater films
Jonathan Frakes as Commander William Riker is the ship's first officer. The Riker character was influenced by concepts for first officer Willard Decker in the Star Trek: Phase II television series.[6] Decker's romantic history with helmsman Ilia was mirrored in The Next Generation in the relationship between Riker and Deanna Troi.[6] Riker also appears in an episode each of Star Trek: Voyager and Star Trek: Enterprise. In addition to William Riker, Frakes played William's transporter-created double, Thomas, in one episode each of The Next Generation and Star Trek: Deep Space Nine.
LeVar Burton as Geordi La Forge was initially the ship's helmsman, but the character became chief engineer beginning in the second season. Burton also played the character in an episode of Voyager.
Denise Crosby as Tasha Yar is the chief of security and tactical officer. Crosby left the series at the end of the first season, and the Yar character was killed. Yar returns in alternate timelines in the award-winning episode "Yesterday's Enterprise" and the series finale, "All Good Things...". Crosby also played Commander Sela, Yar's half-Romulan daughter.
Michael Dorn as Worf is a Klingon. Worf initially appears as a junior officer fulfilling several roles on the bridge. When Denise Crosby left at the end of the first season, the Worf character succeeded Lieutenant Yar as the ship's chief of security and tactical officer. Dorn reprised the role as a regular in seasons four through seven of Star Trek: Deep Space Nine and also played another Klingon, also named Worf, in Star Trek VI: The Undiscovered Country; with 282 on screen appearances, Dorn has the most appearances of any actor in the Star Trek franchise.[50]
Gates McFadden as Doctor Beverly Crusher is the Enterprise's chief medical officer. As a fully certified bridge officer, Dr. Crusher had the ability to command the Enterprise, if circumstances required her to do so. She also, on occasional, commanded night-watch shifts on the ship's main bridge to stay on top of starship operations. McFadden was fired after the first season, but was rehired for the third season[51] and remained for the remainder of the series.
Diana Muldaur as Doctor Katherine Pulaski was created to replace Dr. Crusher for the show's second season. Muldaur, who previously appeared in two episodes of the original Star Trek, never received billing in the opening credits; instead, she was listed as a special guest star during the first act.
Marina Sirtis as Lieutenant Commander Deanna Troi is the half-human, half-Betazoid ship's counselor. Starting in the season-seven7 episode "Thine Own Self", Counselor Troi, having taken and completed the bridge-officer's test, is later promoted to the rank of commander, which allowed her to take command of the ship, and also perform bridge duties other than those of a ship's counselor. The character's relationship with first officer Riker was a carry-over from character ideas developed for Phase II.[6] Troi also appeared in later episodes of Voyager and in the finale of Enterprise.
Brent Spiner as Lieutenant Commander Data is an android who serves as second officer and operations officer. Data's "outsider's" perspective on humanity served a similar narrative purpose as Spock's in the original Star Trek.[6] Spiner also played his "brother", Lore, and his creator, Noonien Soong. In Enterprise, Spiner played Noonien's ancestor, Arik, and contributed a brief voiceover (heard over the Enterprise-D's intercom) in the Enterprise finale.
Wil Wheaton as Beverly Crusher's son Wesley becomes an acting ensign, and later receives a field commission to ensign, before attending Starfleet Academy. After being a regular for the first four seasons, Wheaton appeared sporadically as Wesley Crusher for the remainder of the series.

text: In addition to the series regulars, other recurring characters include:

text:
Majel Barrett as Lwaxana Troi is Deanna Troi's mother and Betazoid ambassador for the United Federation of Planets. She reprised her role in three episodes of Deep Space Nine. Barrett, married to Star Trek creator Gene Roddenberry, previously appeared in the original Star Trek. She also voiced the computer in The Next Generation and other spinoffs.
Brian Bonsall as Alexander Rozhenko is Worf's son. Jon Paul Steuer played Alexander in the character's first appearance, and James Sloyan played an older, time-traveling version of Alexander in another episode. Marc Worden played the character for his appearances in Deep Space Nine.
Rosalind Chao as Keiko O'Brien is Miles O'Brien's wife and a botanist. She also made recurring appearances in Deep Space Nine.
John de Lancie as Q is an omnipotent antagonist from the Q Continuum. de Lancie continued playing the Q character in both Deep Space Nine and Voyager.
Whoopi Goldberg as Guinan is the El-Aurian bartender in the ship's Ten Forward Lounge.
Michelle Forbes as Ensign Ro Laren is a Bajoran helmsman, who is later promoted to the rank of lieutenant in season seven. That same season, however, she resigns from Starfleet to become a member of a group of renegade federation colonists known as "the Maquis". Forbes' character was considered for use in Deep Space Nine, although producers eventually developed a new character, Kira Nerys.[52]
Colm Meaney as Miles O'Brien is an unnamed helmsman in the show's pilot, and appears several times in other positions during the first season. The character was eventually given a rank of Chief Petty Officer, and developed into the transporter chief. Meaney portrayed O'Brien for seven seasons as a series regular on Deep Space Nine.
Robert O'Reilly as Gowron is leader of the Klingon High Council. O'Reilly also appeared as Gowron in Deep Space Nine. O'Reilly appeared in an episode of Enterprise as a different character.
Dwight Schultz as Lieutenant Reginald Barclay is a technician and engineer who also plays a prominent role in the later seasons of Voyager.
Patti Yasutake as Ensign Alyssa Ogawa is a nurse in Dr. Crusher's sickbay.

text: There were certain big changes for regular characters, the major one was that Tasha Yar is only in season one, and Wesley left for Starfleet Academy in Season 4. In Season 2 the doctor is Pulaski not Crusher, but Crusher does come back and remains the ship's doctor thereafter (In All Good Things it is revealed she eventually marries Picard and has her own starship command, thus becoming the new Captain Picard, as he retired to tend a vineyard). In many cases the characters, or at least the actors, come back to act in some role on the show. There are many reoccurring characters, some of them have actually more appearances in episodes than Tasha. (See List of Star Trek: The Next Generation cast members#Appearances for a more in-depth table)

text:
Enterprise-D Characters Season 1-7 (examples)

Character
Season 1
Season 2
Season 3
Season 4
Season 5
Season 6
Season 7

Captain Picard
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes

William Riker
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes

Geordi La Forge
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes

Worf
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes

Data
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes

Deanna Troi
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes

Beverly Crusher
Yes
No
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes

Guinan
No
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
No

Wesley Crusher
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
2 ep.
No
2 ep.

Tasha Yar
Yes
No
1 ep.
No
No
No
1 ep.

Katherine Pulaski
No
Yes
No
No
No
No
No

text: The character Q is very famous, and appeared in the first and last duologies, but overall only appeared in 8 shows

text: Notable guest appearances[edit]

text: The Next Generation included several guest characters who appeared in other iterations of Star Trek, and also introduced characters who appeared in later spinoffs and films. James Doohan, DeForest Kelley, Mark Lenard, and Leonard Nimoy appeared as the original Star Trek characters Montgomery Scott, Leonard McCoy, Sarek, and Spock, respectively. Merritt Butrick, Robin Curtis, Judson Scott, David Warner, and Paul Winfield played characters in various Star Trek films and later had roles in The Next Generation. Additionally, Alexander Siddig and Armin Shimerman played their Deep Space Nine characters, Julian Bashir and Quark, in episodes of The Next Generation. Before being cast in Deep Space Nine, Shimerman had played several Ferengi characters in The Next Generation. Jennifer Hetrick (Vash), Barbara March (Lursa), Richard Poe (Evek), and Gwynyth Walsh (B'Etor) reprised their Next Generation characters on Deep Space Nine.

text: Several actors who appeared in Star Trek: The Next Generation later played other roles within the franchise. These include Robert Duncan McNeill, Ethan Phillips, and Tim Russ, who played Tom Paris, Neelix, and Tuvok, respectively, on Voyager. Salome Jens and James Sloyan appeared in episodes of The Next Generation before landing recurring roles in Deep Space Nine. Suzie Plakson and Tony Todd also appeared in The Next Generation, and they later played roles in both Deep Space Nine and Voyager. Marc Alaimo, who depicted one of the franchise's first Cardassians in The Next Generation, later played the Cardassian Dukat throughout Deep Space Nine's seven seasons. Like Armin Shimerman, Max Grodénchik played a Ferengi in The Next Generation before being cast as a recurring Ferengi, Rom, in Deep Space Nine. Emmy Award-winner James Cromwell appeared twice in The Next Generation, and he played Zefram Cochrane in the second Next Generation film, First Contact.

text: Other notable guest actors in the show include Erich Anderson, Billy Campbell, Nikki Cox, Ronny Cox, Olivia d'Abo, Kirsten Dunst, Mick Fleetwood, Matt Frewer, Walter Gotell, Kelsey Grammer, Bob Gunton, Teri Hatcher, Stephen Hawking (as himself), Famke Janssen, Mae Jemison, Ken Jenkins, Ashley Judd, Sabrina Le Beauf, Christopher McDonald, Bebe Neuwirth, Terry O'Quinn, Michelle Phillips, Joe Piscopo, Gina Ravera, Jean Simmons, Paul Sorvino, Brenda Strong, James Worthy, Tracey Walter, Liz Vassey, David Ogden Stiers, Ray Walston, Ray Wise, and John Tesh.

text: Story arcs & themes[edit]

text: Star Trek had a number of story arcs within the larger story, and oftentimes different episodes contributed to two or more different story or character arcs. These could be grouped in different ways, and one way was by the aliens they were interacting with, for example TNG introduced the Borg and the Cardassians. The Klingons and Romulans had been introduced in the original series (1966–69); however, the Klingons were somewhat re-booted with "turtle-head" look, although a retcon was given for this in an Enterprise episode. Another way to group them is by a certain character such as Q or Ro Laren or by a technology like the holo-deck, and there were many other alien encounters (usually funny foreheads, face-paint, or no-body). Often the plot for alien encounters involved some eccentric alien nature that caused tensions, revealed at the end

text: The Borg:

text:
Q Who (May 8, 1989) - introduces Borg also a Q-show
The Best of Both Worlds, Part I & Part II (June 18, 1990 & September 24, 1990) - Major Borg diptych

Family (October 1, 1990) - Aftermath of BoBW

I, Borg (May 10, 1992) - Introduces Hue
Descent, Part I & Part II (June 21, 1993 & September 20, 1993) - Another Borg diptych

text: Certain episodes go deeper into the Klingon alien saga, which are famous for having an actual Klingon language made for them in the trekiverse. The Klingon stories usually involve Worf, but not all Worf-centric shows are focused on Klingons. The famous Duras sisters, a Klingon duo Lursa and B'Etor, were introduced on TNG in 1991 on Redemption (S5-S5 bridge) and they later appeared in the film Generations

text: Klingon stories (examples) :

text:
"Heart of Glory" (S1E20)
"A Matter of Honor (S2E8) - Riker on a Klingon vessel
"Sins of the Father" (S3E17) (introduces Worf's brother Kurn)
"Redemption" (S4-S5 cliffhanger and bridge, two parts) (Explores Klingon politics and homeworld)
"Birthright" (S6E16 & S6E17, two-part episode)
"Rightful Heir" (S6E23) - Introduces Kahless
"Firstborn" (TNG S7E21) (Alexander-Worf focused episode)

text: The Klingon saga established by TNG was significantly continued on the Deep Space Nine tv show, which continued the Worf character for another 4 seasons

text: Reginald Barclay (played by A-Team veteran Dwight Schultz) stories:

text:
Hollow Pursuits
The Nth Degree
Realm of Fear
Ship in a Bottle

text: Barclay's character also has several important episodes Star Trek Voyager TV show such as Projections (Star Trek: Voyager).

text: Lore is an android like Data, and is played by the same actor. Lore was introduced in S1E13 .

text:
Datalore (January 18, 1988)
Brothers (October 8, 1990)
Descent, Part II (September 20, 1993)

text: Q

text:
"Encounter at Farpoint" diptych
"Hide and Q"
"Q Who?"
"Déjà Q"
"Qpid"
"True Q"
"Tapestry"
"All Good Things..." diptych
Also the 1996 computer game Star Trek: Borg includes video segments with actor John de Lancie as Q

text: A thematic grouping is also possible, and a number of TNG dabbled in softcore terror/horror

text:
Night Terrors (March 18, 1991)
Schisms (October 19, 1992)
Chain of Command, Part I & Part II (December 14, 1992 & December 21, 1992)
Frame of Mind (May 3, 1993)
Sub Rosa (January 31, 1994)
Genesis (March 21, 1994)

text: Reception[edit]

text: The Next Generation's average of 20 million viewers often exceeded both existing syndication successes such as Wheel of Fortune and network hits including Cheers and L.A. Law. Benefiting in part from many stations' decision to air each new episode twice in a week, it consistently ranked in the top ten among hour-long dramas, and networks could not prevent affiliates from preempting their shows with The Next Generation or other dramas that imitated its syndication strategy.[21][17]:124Star Trek: The Next Generation received 18 Emmy Awards and, in its seventh season, became the first and only syndicated television show to be nominated for the Emmy for Best Dramatic Series. It was nominated for three Hugo Awards and won two. The first-season episode "The Big Goodbye" also won the Peabody Award for excellence in television programming.

text: In 1997, the episode "The Best of Both Worlds, Part I" was ranked No. 70 on TV Guide's 100 Greatest Episodes of All Time.[53] In 2002, Star Trek: The Next Generation was ranked #46 on TV Guide's 50 Greatest TV Shows of All Time list,[54] and in 2008, was ranked No. 37 on Empire's list of the 50 greatest television shows.[55]

text: On October 7, 2006, one of the three original filming models of the USS Enterprise-D used on the show sold at a Christie's auction for USD $576,000, making it the highest-selling item at the event.[56] The buyer of the piece was Microsoft co-founder Paul Allen, owner of the Museum of Pop Culture in Seattle. The piece is on display within the Science Fiction Museum.

text: In 2012, Entertainment Weekly listed the show at No. 7 in the "25 Best Cult TV Shows from the Past 25 Years", saying, "The original Star Trek was cult TV before cult TV was even a thing, but its younger, sleeker offspring brought, yes, a new generation into the Trekker fold, and reignited the promise of sci-fi on television."[57] Although TNG did develop a cult following, it was noted for its prime-time general audience viewership also.[5]

text: The flute from "Inner Light" was valued at only a few hundred to perhaps 1000 USD when it went to auction, but was sold for over 40,000; in this case the auctioneers admitted they had underestimated the appeal of the prop.[58][59][59]

text: In the days leading up to the auction, Denise Okuda, former Trek scenic artist and video supervisor, as well as co-writer of the auction catalog, said: "That's the item people say they really have to have, because it's so iconic to a much-beloved episode."[60]

text:
"All Good Things..." (1994), the finale achieved a rating of 17.4[42]
"Encounter at Farpoint" (1987), rating of 15.7[61]
"Unification" (1991), 15.4, a duology featuring Leonard Nimoy as Spoc in Part II brought in the highest Nielsen ratingsof that Season, and the one of the highest known for TNG except for the pilot and finale.[39]
"Aquiel" (1993), 14.1 [39] (Featured Guest star Renée Jones as Aquiel)
"A Matter of Time" (1991), 13.9 (Featuring guest star Matt Frewer as a time traveler)
"Relics" (1992), 13.9 (This one featured James Doohan as Scotty)
"Time's Arrow, Part II" (1992), 13.8 (S6 opener and conclusion of the Time's Arrow duology)
"Tapestry" (1993), 13.8[39] (Q-show)

text: DS9's "The Emissary", which came out half-way through season 6 of TNG achieved a Nielsen rating of 18.8.[62] Star Trek's ratings went into a steady decline starting with Season 6 of TNG, and the second to last episode of DS9 achieved a Nielsen rating of 3.9.[63]

text: Computer and video games[edit]

text: Examples of video games based on The Next Generation TV series, movies, and characters include:

text:
Star Trek: The Next Generation (1993)
Star Trek: The Next Generation: Future's Past (1993), for the SNES

Star Trek: The Next Generation: Echoes from the Past (1993) a port of Futures Past for the Sega Genesis

Star Trek Generations: Beyond the Nexus (1994), for Nintendo Game Boy or Sega Game Gear
Star Trek: The Next Generation – A Final Unity (1995), for MS-DOS or Macintosh

A Final Unity sold 500,000 copies by 1996.[64]

Star Trek: Borg (1996) (Includes live action segments directed by James L. Conway and acting by John de Lancie as Q)
Star Trek Generations (1997), for IBM PC
Star Trek: The Next Generation: Klingon Honor Guard (1998), for Mac and Windows 95 and 98
Star Trek: Hidden Evil (1999), for Windows 95 and 98
Star Trek Invasion (2000), for the PlayStation
Star Trek Armada (2000),[65] for Microsoft Windows 98
Star Trek: Armada II (2001)
Star Trek: Bridge Commander (2002)
Star Trek: Conquest (2002) (Wii, PlayStation 2)

text: The Enterprise and its setting is also in other Trekiverse games like Star Trek: Armada (2000), by which time it was common to have a game set in the time and place inhabited by TNG, but also occupied by two more television shows and the films. For example, in Star Trek: Armada voice actors from The Next Generation contributed to their characters in the game including Patrick Stewart reprised the roles of Jean-Luc Picard and Locutus, Michael Dorn voiced Worf, Denise Crosby reprised Sela, and J. G. Hertzler[66] voiced Chancellor Martok. Several other voice actors who had been previously unaffiliated with Star Trek also voiced characters in the game, among them was Richard Penn.[67]

text: Star Trek: Armada II was set in the Star Trek: The Next Generation era of the Star Trek universe.[65]

text: Star Trek: Hidden Evil, which came out in 1999 not only included voice acting by Brent Spiner as Data and Patrick Stewart as Picard,[68] but the story was a follow-on from the ninth Star Trek movie, Star Trek: Insurrection.[68]

text: Films[edit]

text: Four films feature the characters of the series: Star Trek Generations (1994), Star Trek: First Contact (1996), Star Trek: Insurrection (1998), and Star Trek: Nemesis (2002).

text: Worf played by Dorn also appeared in Star Trek VI: The Undiscovered Country.[69]

text: ``I think it was kind of an honor they had my character be sort of the link between the two series. It was wonderful to be working with the other cast (from the original Star Trek series). It was kind of a fantasy because who would have thought when I was watching the original show that I`d be working in the movie? Beyond that, it`s like professionalism takes over and you just kind of do the best you can and not make yourself look bad

text: Gross with TNG-cast ST films (not-inflation adjusted)[70]

text:
Star Trek VI: The Undiscovered Country

$74,888,996
Released 12/6/91

Star Trek: Generations (also has some TOS cast)

$75,671,125
Released 11/18/94

Star Trek: First Contact

$92,027,888
Released 11/22/96

Star Trek: Insurrection

$70,187,658
Released 12/11/98

Star Trek: Nemesis

$43,254,409
12/13/02

text: Lenard Nimoy as Spock also had some TNG episodes (e.g. Unification (Star Trek: The Next Generation) and was featured in the re-boot Star Trek film in 2009

text: Starting with First Contact, they get a new ship the Enterprise-E with a similar but modified designed as the D-model featured in TV and in Generations

text: Release history[edit]

text: VHS[edit]

text: All episodes of Star Trek: The Next Generation were made available on VHS cassettes, starting in 1991. The entire series was gradually released on VHS over the next few years during the remainder of the show's run and after the show had ended.

text: The VHS for TNG were available on mail-order usually two episodes per VHS cassette.

text: LaserDisc[edit]

text: Paramount published all episodes on the LaserDisc format from October 1991 using an extended release schedule that concluded in May 1999. Each disc featured two episodes with Closed Captions, Digital Audio, and CX encoding. Also published were four themed "collections", or boxed sets, of related episodes. These included The Borg Collective, The Q Continuum, Worf: Return to Grace, and The Captains Collection.[71]

text: There was a production error with episode 166, "Sub Rosa", where a faulty master tape was used that was missing 4½ minutes of footage. Though a new master copy of the episode was obtained, no corrected pressing of this disc was issued.[71]

text: Star Trek: The Next Generation was also released on LaserDisc in the non-US markets Japan and Europe. In Japan, all episodes were released in a series of 14 boxed sets (two boxed sets per season), and as with the US releases were in the NTSC format and ordered by production code. The European laserdiscs were released in the PAL format and included the ten two-part telemovies as well as a disc featuring the episodes Yesterday's Enterprise and Cause And Effect. The pilot episode, Encounter At Farpoint, was also included in a boxed set called Star Trek: The Pilots featuring the pilot episodes from Star Trek: The Original Series, Star Trek: The Next Generation, Star Trek: Deep Space Nine, and Star Trek: Voyager.

text: DVD[edit]

text: The first season of the series was released on DVD in March 2002. Throughout the year the next six seasons were released at various times on DVD, with the seventh season being released in December 2002. To commemorate the 20th anniversary of the series, CBS Home Entertainment and Paramount Home Entertainment released Star Trek: The Next Generation – The Complete Series on October 2, 2007. The DVD box set contains 49 discs. Between March 2006 and September 2008, "Fan Collective" editions were released containing select episodes of The Next Generation (and The Original Series, Deep Space Nine, and Voyager) based on various themes. The individual episodes were chosen by fans voting on StarTrek.com. In total, six "Fan Collectives" were produced, along with a boxed set containing the first five collectives. In April 2013 all seven seasons of Star Trek: The Next Generation were re-released in new packaging featuring a silhouette of a different cast member on each box. However, the discs contained the identical content that was previously released in 2002.

text: Blu-ray[edit]

text: The original show was shot on high-quality 35 mm film, but had to be downscaled before editing and postprocessing to standard '80s and '90s TV resolution (video quality) for broadcast. The show's final visual effects (e.g. all exterior shots of the starship Enterprise, phaser fire or beaming fade-ins and -outs) were also composed only in standard resolution video. All previous home video and DVD releases used this severely downscaled version. To include such footage on Blu-ray, using only upscaling, would have resulted in a larger but blurred image, so CBS decided to use a more detailed approach to bring the show to high definition. They also opted to adhere to the show's original 4:3 aspect ratio.

text: A news release on the official website announced on September 28, 2011, in celebration of the series' twenty-fifth anniversary, that Star Trek: The Next Generation would be completely re-mastered in 1080p and 4k high definition from the original 35 mm film negatives (consisting of almost 25,000 reels of original film stock). All the visual effects for each episode would be digitally recomposed from original large-format negatives and newly created CGI shots. The release would be accompanied by 7.1 DTS Master Audio.

text: An initial disc featuring the episodes "Encounter at Farpoint", "Sins of the Father", and "The Inner Light" was released on January 31, 2012 under the label "The Next Level". The six-disc first season set was released on July 24, 2012.[72] The remaining seasons were released periodically thereafter, culminating in the release of the seventh season on December 2, 2014.

text: The entire re-mastered series is available on Blu-ray as individual seasons, and as a 41-disc box set titled The Full Journey. Eventually, all remastered episodes will also be available for television syndication and digital distribution.[73] Mike Okuda believes this is the largest film restoration project ever attempted.[74]

text:
Season
Release date[75]
Special features

Season One
July 24, 2012
Documentaries "Energized!" (about the VFX remastering) and "Stardate Revisited" (Origin)

Season Two
December 4, 2012
Extended version of "The Measure of a Man", Reunification: reunion interview with entire TNG cast.

Season Three
April 30, 2013
Inside the Writer's Room, Resistance is Futile: Assimilating TNG, A Tribute to Michael Piller

Season Four
July 30, 2013
In Conversation: The Star Trek Art Department, Relativity: The Family Saga of Star Trek TNG, Deleted scenes

Season Five
November 19, 2013
In Conversation: The Music of TNG, Requiem: A Remembrance of TNG, Deleted scenes

Season Six
June 24, 2014
Beyond the Five Year Mission- The Evolution of Star Trek: The Next Generation, Deleted scenes

Season Seven
December 2, 2014
The Sky's the Limit – The Eclipse of Star Trek: The Next Generation, In Conversation: Lensing Star Trek: The Next Generation, deleted scenes

text: Standalone episodes[edit]

text: When TNG was re-made into 1080p, several episodes were released as stand-alone single show Blu-Ray products.[76]

text: This includes[76]

text:
"The Best of Both Worlds”
“Redemption”
“Unification”
“Chain of Command”
“All Good Things...”

text: The Measure of a Man HD extended cut[edit]

text: A famous episode, "The Measure of a Man ", which broke-out of entertainment into academia was released in HD in 2012 with an extended cut.[77] The extended version includes an extra 13 minutes of footage as well as recreated special effects.[78] It was released as part of the Season 2 collection set.

text: Spin-offs and the franchise[edit]

text: Star Trek: The Next Generation spawned a lot of media set in its science-fiction vision, which was primarily the 2370s but set in the same universe as first Star Trek TV shows of the 1960s. This included the aforementioned films, computer games, board games, theme parks etc. In the 2010s there was still discussion about a Captain Worf spin-off, the Bridge officer that debuted on TNG and was also featured in the TNG spin-off show Deep Space Nine, which itself had quite a following.[79]

text: Star Trek TNG-era Novels (examples):

text:
Balance of Power (Star Trek)
The Children of Hamlin
Dark Mirror (Star Trek novel)
Death in Winter
The Devil's Heart
I, Q
Immortal Coil
Imzadi
The Peacekeepers
Planet X (Star Trek)
Star Trek: The Q Continuum
Q-in-Law
Rogue (Star Trek)
Rogue Saucer
Star Trek: The Lost Era
Star Trek: Typhon Pact
Star Trek: Stargazer
Strike Zone
Survivors (Star Trek)
Star Trek: A Time to...
Star Trek: Titan
Vendetta (Star Trek)

text: These Are The Voyages... (2005)[edit]

text: In 2005, the last episode of "Enteprise" called "These Are the Voyages..." (S4E22) featured a holodeck simulation on the USS Enterprise (NCC-1701-D) from Star Trek: The Next Generation during the events of the episode "The Pegasus" and the return of Commander William Riker (Jonathan Frakes) and Counselor Deanna Troi (Marina Sirtis).[80] It was written by Berman and Braga, who noted "... this was a very cool episode because it has a great concept driving it".[81]

text: Star Trek: Enterprise was TV show launched following Star Trek: Voyager conclusion, and was set 100 years before TOS and 200 years before TNG, in addition to including some soft re-boot elements with an all new cast. Some episodes connected to TNG directly including guest stars by Brent Spiner and connections to the events in TNG's fictional universe. The three-episode story arc consisting of "Borderland", "Cold Station 12", and "The Augments", with a Soong ancestor portrayed by The Next Generation regular Brent Spiner provides some backstory to Data's back-story. Also Affliction (Star Trek: Enterprise) also helps explain the smooth-headed Klingons that sometimes appeared, a theatrically presented retcon and backstory that helped explain this varying presentation between TOS, TNG, and Films

text: Star Trek would not return to television as a show for over 12 years, until the debut of Star Trek:Discovery on CBS, but thereafter exclusively available on the internet service CBS All Access (Neflix Internationally) at that time. The film franchise was rebooted under the Kelvin timeline was quite successful, with several blockbusters from 2009 and featuring scenes with Spock

text: Context[edit]

text: This infographic shows the first-run production timeline of various Star Trek franchise shows and films, including Star Trek: The Next Generation

text: The re-production of TNG into HD was done in the 2010s.


document_title: Queen of the South (TV series)

question_text: how many episodes on queen of the south season 1

text: Queen of the South (TV series)

text: Main cast[edit]

text:
Alice Braga as Teresa Mendoza
Veronica Falcon as Doña Camila Vargas, Don Epifanio's estranged wife and head of the American chapter of the Vargas Cartel in Dallas, Texas
Justina Machado as Brenda Parra,[7] Teresa's best friend, Chino's wife, and Tony's mother (Season 1)
Peter Gadiot as James Valdez,[8] Camila's right-hand man
Hemky Madera as Pote Galvez,[9] a lieutenant in the Vargas Cartel
Gerardo Taracena as Cesar "Batman" Guemes, Don Epifanio Vargas' right-hand man (Season 1-2)
Joaquim de Almeida as Don Epifanio Vargas, Camilla Vargas' husband, head of the Vargas Cartel (see: Sinaloa Cartel), and a candidate for the governor of the Mexican state of Sinaloa[10] (Seasons 1-2)
Jon-Michael Ecker as Raymundo "El Güero" Davila (Season 2, recurring season 1)
Nick Sagar as DEA agent Alonzo Loya

text: Recurring cast[edit]

text:
Mark Consuelos as Teo Aljarafe
James Martinez as Gato Fierros,[11] a lieutenant in the Vargas Cartel
Carlos Gomez as Javier Acosta[12]
Rafael Amaya as Aurelio Casillas[13]
Ximena Duque as Eva Buemeros[14] (season 2)
Michel Duval as Enrique "Kique" Jiménez[14] (season 2)

text: Critical reception[edit]

text: Queen of the South's first season received mixed to positive feedback from critics. On Rotten Tomatoes, it has a rating of 69%, based on 16 reviews. The site's consensus reads: "Queen of the South enlivens an overdone premise with action and narrative vigor—and shows hints of intriguing potential."[15] On Metacritic, the first season scored 59 out of 100, based on 15 critics, indicating "mixed or average reviews".[16]

text: Episodes[edit]

text: Series overview[edit]

text:
Season
Episodes
Originally aired

First aired
Last aired

1
13
June 23, 2016 (2016-06-23)
September 15, 2016 (2016-09-15)

2
13
June 8, 2017 (2017-06-08)
August 31, 2017 (2017-08-31)

text: Season 1 (2016)[edit]

text:
No.
overall
No. in
season
Title
Directed by
Written by
Original air date
Prod.
code
U.S. viewers
(millions)

1
1
"Piloto"
Charlotte Sieling
M.A. Fortin & Joshua John Miller
June 23, 2016 (2016-06-23)
101
1.39[17]

2
2
"Cuarenta Minutos"
Matthew Penn
Scott Rosenbaum
June 30, 2016 (2016-06-30)
102
1.35[18]

3
3
"Estrategia de Entrada"
Scott Peters
Scott Rosenbaum
July 7, 2016 (2016-07-07)
103
1.26[19]

4
4
"Lirio de los Valles"
Zetna Fuentes
Scott Rosenbaum
July 14, 2016 (2016-07-14)
104
1.26[20]

5
5
"Un Alma. Un Mapa. Dos Futuros."
T.J. Scott
Scott Rosenbaum
July 21, 2016 (2016-07-21)
105
1.22[21]

6
6
"El Engaño Como la Regla"
Dave Rodriguez
Scott Rosenbaum
July 28, 2016 (2016-07-28)
106
1.22[22]

7
7
"El Hombre Pájaro"
David Platt
Benjamin Daniel Lobato & David Ehrman
August 4, 2016 (2016-08-04)
107
1.21[23]

8
8
"Billete de Magia"
David Boyd
Gregg Hurwitz
August 11, 2016 (2016-08-11)
108
1.06[24]

9
9
"Coge Todo lo Que Puede Llevar"
Jamie Payne
Benjamin Daniel Lobato & David Ehrman
August 18, 2016 (2016-08-18)
109
1.05[25]

10
10
"Esta Cosa Que Es Nuestra"
Scott Peters
Benjamin Daniel Lobato & David Ehrman
August 25, 2016 (2016-08-25)
110
1.20[26]

11
11
"Punto sin Retorno"
Constantine Makris
Kyle Lierman
September 1, 2016 (2016-09-01)
111
1.16[27]

12
12
"Quinientos Mil"
David Rodriguez
Benjamin Daniel Lobato & David Ehrman
September 8, 2016 (2016-09-08)
112
1.12[28]

13
13
"Cicatriz"
Matthew Penn
Scott Rosenbaum
September 15, 2016 (2016-09-15)
113
1.35[29]

text: Season 2 (2017)[edit]

text:
No.
overall
No. in
season
Title
Directed by
Written by
Original air date
Prod.
code
U.S. viewers
(millions)

14
1
"El Cuerpo de Cristo"
David Boyd
Natalie Chaidez
June 8, 2017 (2017-06-08)
201
1.25[30]

15
2
"Dios y el Abogado"
Nick Gomez
Jason Ganzel
June 15, 2017 (2017-06-15)
202
1.27[31]

16
3
"Un Pacto Con el Diablo"
Eduardo Sanchez
Dailyn Rodriguez
June 22, 2017 (2017-06-22)
203
1.08[32]

17
4
"El Beso de Judas"
Ami Canaan Mann
Benjamin Daniel Lobato
June 29, 2017 (2017-06-29)
204
0.90[33]

18
5
"El Nacimiento de Bolivia"
Nick Copus
Joe Loya
July 6, 2017 (2017-07-06)
205
1.11[34]

19
6
"El Camino de la Muerte"
David Boyd
Ryan O'Nan
July 13, 2017 (2017-07-13)
206
1.10[35]

20
7
"El Precio de la Fe"
Joe Menendez
Jorge A. Reyes
July 20, 2017 (2017-07-20)
207
1.18[36]

21
8
"Sacar Con Sifón el Mar"
Bronwen Hughes
Tina Mabry
July 27, 2017 (2017-07-27)
208
1.16[37]

22
9
"Sólo el Amor de Una Madre"
David Rodriguez
Tina Mabry & Dailyn Rodriguez
August 3, 2017 (2017-08-03)
209
1.02[38]

23
10
"Que Manden los Payasos"
Loni Peristere
Jason Ganzel & Jorge A. Reyes
August 10, 2017 (2017-08-10)
210
1.18[39]

24
11
"La Noche Oscura del Alma"
Tina Mabry
Benjamin Daniel Lobato
August 17, 2017 (2017-08-17)
211
1.24[40]

25
12
"Todas las Horas Hieren"
Eduardo Sanchez
Ryan O'Nan
August 24, 2017 (2017-08-24)
212
1.24[41]

26
13
"La Última Hora Mata"
David Boyd
Natalie Chaidez & Ryan O'Nan
August 31, 2017 (2017-08-31)
213
1.33[42]

text: Broadcast[edit]

text: Internationally, the series premiered in Australia on Showcase on August 4, 2016.[43]


document_title: List of Prime Ministers of Pakistan

question_text: who is the existing prime minister of pakistan

text: List of Prime Ministers of Pakistan

text: Key[edit]

text:
Key for Prime Ministers' list

Party Name

Muslim League

Awami League

Republican Party

People Party

National Peoples Party

Muslim League (N)

Muslim League (Q)

Tehreek-e-Insaf

Independent

text: Prime Ministers[edit]

text:
List of Prime Ministers of Pakistan
hide

Term Number

Portrait

Name

Took office

Left office

Tenure

Elections

Political party(Alliance)

Note(s)

1

Liaquat Ali Khan

14 August 1947

16 October 1951(assassinated)

4 Years,2 Months,2 Days,

—

Muslim League

Following advice given by the founding father of the nation, Governor-General Muhammad Ali Jinnah appointed and invited the Finance Minister Liaquat Ali Khan to set up and run his administration in 1947. He was assassinated in 1951, and Khawaja Nazimuddin took the office.[5][19]

2

Sir Khawaja Nazimuddin

17 October 1951

17 April 1953

1 Year,6 Months,

—

Muslim League

Nazimuddin became Prime Minister of Pakistan after the assassination of Liaquat Ali Khan in 1951.[19] He left the office when Governor-General Malik Ghulam Muhammad dissolved his government in 1953.[3]

3

Mohammad Ali Bogra

17 April 1953

12 August 1955

2 Years,3 Months,26 Days,

—

Muslim League

A diplomat and relatively unknown personality to Pakistani politics, Bogra established the Ministry of Talents but his administration was dismissed in 1955 by the Governor-General after the legislative elections in 1954.[3]

4

Chaudhry Mohammad Ali

12 August 1955

12 September 1956

1 Year,1 Month,

—

Muslim League

A first appointment from the coalition of Muslim League, Awami League and the Republican Party, he was removed by his own party following the successful vote of no-confidence movement.[3]

5

Huseyn Shaheed Suhrawardy

12 September 1956

17 October 1957

1 Year,1 Month,5 Days,

—

Awami League

Popular for his wit in law, Suhrwardy resigned due to the loss of control over his party and support from the coalition partners in his administration.[3]

6

Ibrahim Ismail Chundrigar

17 October 1957

16 December 1957

1 Month,29 Days,

—

Muslim League

Shortest tenured Prime Minister, Chundrigar established his administration but removed in mere 55 days into his term amid a vote of no-confidence movement led by majority votes of the Republican Party and Awami League.[3]

7

Sir Feroze Khan Noon

16 December 1957

7 October 1958

9 Months,21 Days,

—

Republican Party

A lawyer, Sir Feroze Khan's administration collapsed after his party's own President Iskander Mirza enforced martial law in 1958 in a view of extending his term of office[20][21]

7 October 1958 – 7 December 1971

8

Nurul Amin

7 December 1971

20 December 1971

13 Days,

1970

Pakistan Muslim League

After the general elections in 1971, Amin was invited to be appointed as Prime Minister under Yahya administration; yet he was also the first and the only Vice President of Pakistan from 1970 to 1972, leading Pakistan in the Indo-Pakistani War of 1971.[3]

20 December 1971 – 14 August 1973

9

Zulfikar Ali Bhutto

14 August 1973

5 July 1977

3 Years,10 Months,21 Days,

1973

Pakistan Peoples Party

Bhutto resigned as president to become the empowered Prime Minister after the Constitution was repromulgated, which established a parliamentary system of government. He was deposed in the martial law in 1977 by his appointed army chief, General Zia, in July 1977.[9][22]

5 July 1977 – 24 March 1985

10

Muhammad Khan Junejo

24 March 1985

29 May 1988

3 Years,2 Months,5 Days,

1985

Pakistan Muslim League (Independent)

Junejo was elected as the tenth Prime Minister of Pakistan in non-party based elections in 1985, therefore he was elected on an Independent ticket but he served the Pakistan Muslim League while before entering in office and during office. He was dismissed by the president after Eighth Amendment to the Constitution.[3]

29 May 1988 – 2 December 1988

11

Benazir Bhutto

2 December 1988

6 August 1990

1 Year,8 Months,4 Days,

1988

Pakistan Peoples Party

Bhutto became the first woman in Pakistan to head a major political party, in 1982. Six years later, she became the first woman elected to lead a Muslim state.[10][23]

12

Nawaz Sharif

6 November 1990

18 July 1993

2 Years,7 Months,4 Days,

1990

Pakistan Muslim League (N)

Sharif was elected as the 12th Prime Minister of Pakistan on 1 November 1990.[24] President Ghulam Ishaq Khan dissolved his government in April 1993, which was later on reinstated by the Supreme Court of Pakistan.[11] Sharif survived a serious constitutional crisis when President Khan attempted to dismiss him under article 58-2b, in April 1993, but he successfully challenged the decision in the Supreme Court.[11] Sharif resigned from the post negotiating a settlement that resulted in the removal of President as well, in July 1993.[25]

13

Benazir Bhutto

19 October 1993

5 November 1996

3 Years,17 Days,

1993

Pakistan Peoples Party

Bhutto was re-elected for a second term, in 1993. She survived an attempted coup d'état in 1995. Bhutto's government was dismissed by president Farooq Leghari in November 1996.[26][27]

14

Nawaz Sharif

17 February 1997

12 October 1999

2 Years,7 Months,25 Days.

1997

Pakistan Muslim League (N)

Sharif was re-elected as Prime Minister with an exclusive mandate from all over Pakistan for a non-consecutive second term, in February 1997.[12][28] His government was deposed by General Pervez Musharraf in October 1999, and Martial law was imposed in the entire country.[13][29]

12 October 1999 – 23 November 2002

15

Mir Zafarullah Khan Jamali

23 November 2002

26 June 2004

1 Year,7 Months,3 Days,

2002

Pakistan Muslim League (Q)

Jamali was elected as the Prime Minister of Pakistan in November 2002. He continued the foreign and economic policies of Pervez Musharraf but could not complete his term and resigned from the post in June 2004.[16]

26 June 2004 – 30 June 2004

16

Chaudhry Shujaat Hussain

30 June 2004

26 August 2004

1 Month,27 Days,

—

Pakistan Muslim League (Q)

Parliament elected Chaudhry Shujaat Hussain as the Prime Minister and to serve a 50-day period before the Shaukat Aziz, permanently replaces him.[30]

26 August 2004 – 28 August 2004

17

Shaukat Aziz

28 August 2004

15 November 2007

3 Years,2 Months,18 Days,

—

Pakistan Muslim League (Q)

Aziz took the office of Prime Minister of Pakistan in August 2004. He left the office at the end of the parliamentary term, in November 2007, and became the first Prime Minister of Pakistan who left the seat after completion of parliamentary term.[31]

18

Yousaf Raza Gillani

25 March 2008

19 June 2012

4 Years,2 Months,25 Days.

2008

Pakistan Peoples Party

Gillani was elected as prime minister in March 2008. He was disqualified from his seat in the parliament in April 2012 by the Supreme Court for contempt of court.[32]

19

Raja Pervaiz Ashraf

22 June 2012

24 March 2013

9 Months,2 Days,

—

Pakistan Peoples Party

Ashraf assumed the post of Prime Minister in June 2012, after Yousaf Raza Gillani was disqualified over contempt of court charges.[17]

20

Nawaz Sharif

5 June 2013

28 July 2017

4 Years,1 Month,23 Days,

2013

Pakistan Muslim League (N)

On 5 June 2013, Sharif took office for a third non-consecutive term.[14][15]  He was disqualified on 28 July 2017 by the Supreme Court of Pakistan as a result of the Panama Papers case.[33]

29 July 2017 – 1 August 2017

21

Shahid Khaqan Abbasi

1 August 2017

31 May 2018

10 months

—

Pakistan Muslim League (N)

Parliament elected Shahid Khaqan Abbasi as the Prime Minister after the disqualification of Nawaz Sharif. His term expired on May 31, 2018 alongside the dissolution of the National Assembly to facilitate a caretaker government in place until the 25 July general election.[34]

22[n 1]

Imran Khan

18 August 2018

Incumbent

73 days

2018

Pakistan Tehreek-e-Insaf

General elections were held on the 25th July 2018, which resulted in the Pakistan Tehreek-e-Insaf becoming the largest party. On August 18, 2018, Imran Khan was sworn in as Prime Minister after being elected by the National Assembly with 176 votes.

text: Caretakers[edit]

text:
List of Caretakers
hide

No.

Portrait

Name(Birth–death)

Took office

Left office

Tenure

Political party(Alliance)

Note(s)

1st Caretaker

Ghulam Mustafa Jatoi[40](1931–2009)

6 August 1990

6 November 1990

3 Months,

National Peoples Party

Jatoi was appointed by President Ghulam Ishaq Khan as a caretaker Prime Minister.[3]

2nd Caretaker

Balakh Sher Mazari[3](1928–)

18 April 1993

26 May 1993

1 Month,8 Days,

Pakistan Peoples Party

Appointed by the President Khan as a caretaker Prime Minister, Mazari's term ended when the Supreme Court overturned the Presidential order and restored Sharif's government.[3]

3rd Caretaker

Moeenuddin Ahmad Qureshi[3](1930–2016)

18 July 1993

19 October 1993

3 Months,1 Day,

Independent

After Sharif's resignation in July 1993, Qureshi was appointed as the caretaker Prime Minister.

4th Caretaker

Malik Meraj Khalid[41](1916–2003)

5 November 1996

17 February 1997

3 Months,12 Days,

Independent

Khalid was appointed as a caretaker Prime Minister after the dismissal of Bhutto's government in November 1996.[3]

5th Caretaker

Muhammad Mian Soomro[42](1950–)

16 November 2007

24 March 2008

4 Months,8 Days,

Pakistan Muslim League (Q)

Soomro took the office as caretaker Prime Minister in November 2007.[42]

6th Caretaker

Mir Hazar Khan Khoso[43](1929–)

25 March 2013

5 June 2013

2 Months,11 Days,

Independent

Khoso was appointed by the Election Commission of Pakistan on 24 March,[44] and took oath on 25 March 2013.[45]

7th Caretaker

Nasirul Mulk(1950–)

1 June 2018

18 August 2018

2 Months,18 Days,

Independent

Nasirul Mulk was appointed as a consensus between the incumbent Prime Minister, Abbasi, and opposition leader, Khurshid Shah, on 28 May. He took the oath of office on 1 June 2018.[46]

text: Notes[edit]

text: Jump up ^ Ignoring the 7 caretaker Prime Ministers, Imran Khan is the 19th person to be Prime Minister of Pakistan. However Benazir Bhutto's two non-consecutive terms (1988 - 1990 and 1993 - 1996) and Nawaz Sharif's three non-consecutive terms (1990 - 1993, 1997 - 1999 and 2013 - 2017) are usually counted separately. As a result some sources count Khan as 19th Prime Minister,[35][36] but most count him as 22nd.[37][38][39] This counting system does not treat Nawaz Sharif's two periods in office in 1993 (separated by Balakh Sher Mazari's brief stint as caretaker) as separate terms.


document_title: Tobiko

question_text: what is the orange stuff on my sushi

question_tokens: what is the orange stuff on my sushi

text: Tobiko

text: This article needs additional citations for verification. Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. (February 2013) (Learn how and when to remove this template message)

text: [1]Tobiko (とびこ) is the Japanese word for flying fish roe. It is most widely known for its use in creating certain types of sushi.

text: The eggs are small, ranging from 0.5 to 0.8 mm. For comparison, tobiko is larger than masago (capelin roe), but smaller than ikura (salmon roe). Natural tobiko has a red-orange color, a mild smoky or salty taste, and a crunchy texture.

text: Sometimes tobiko is colored to change its appearance, other natural ingredients are used to accomplish the change, such as squid ink to make it black, yuzu to make it pale orange (almost yellow), or even wasabi to make it green and spicy. Sometimes a serving of tobiko contains several pieces, each having a different color.[2]

text: When prepared as sashimi, it may be presented on avocado halves or wedges. Tobiko is used in the creation of many other Japanese dishes. Often, tobiko is used as an ingredient in California rolls.

text: Frequently, masago (capelin or smelt roe) is substituted for tobiko, due to its similar appearance and flavor. The smaller size of the individual eggs is apparent to the experienced diner, however.