document_title: Giraffe

question_text: what is the population of giraffes in africa

root

text: Giraffe

text: Etymology

text: The name "giraffe" has its earliest known origins in the Arabic word zarāfah (زرافة),[2] perhaps borrowed from the animal's Somali name geri.[3] The Arab name is translated as "fast-walker".[4] There were several Middle English spellings, such as jarraf, ziraph, and gerfauntz.[2] The Italian form giraffa arose in the 1590s.[2] The modern English form developed around 1600 from the French girafe.[2] "Camelopard" is an archaic English name for the giraffe deriving from the Ancient Greek for camel and leopard, referring to its camel-like shape and its leopard-like colouring.[5][6]

tag: p

text: Taxonomy

text: Living giraffes were originally classified as one species by Carl Linnaeus in 1758. He gave it the binomial name Cervus camelopardalis. Morten Thrane Brünnich classified the genus Giraffa in 1772.[7] The species name camelopardalis is from Latin.[8]

text: Evolution

text:
Ruminantia

Tragulina

Tragulidae

Pecora

Antilocapridae

Giraffidae

Cervidae

Bovidae

Moschidae

Cladogram based on a 2003 study by Hassanin and Douzery.[9][10]

tag: table

text: The giraffe is one of only two living genera of the family Giraffidae in the order Artiodactyla, the other being the okapi. The family was once much more extensive, with over 10 fossil genera described. Their closest known relatives are the extinct deer-like climacocerids. They, together with the family Antilocapridae (whose only extant species is the pronghorn), belong to the superfamily Giraffoidea. These animals may have evolved from the extinct family Palaeomerycidae which might also have been the ancestor of deer.[11]

text: The elongation of the neck appears to have started early in the giraffe lineage. Comparisons between giraffes and their ancient relatives suggest that vertebrae close to the skull lengthened earlier, followed by lengthening of vertebrae further down.[12] One early giraffid ancestor was Canthumeryx which has been dated variously to have lived 25–20 million years ago (mya), 17–15 mya or 18–14.3 mya and whose deposits have been found in Libya. This animal was medium-sized, slender and antelope-like. Giraffokeryx appeared 15 mya in the Indian subcontinent and resembled an okapi or a small giraffe, and had a longer neck and similar ossicones.[11] Giraffokeryx may have shared a clade with more massively built giraffids like Sivatherium and Bramatherium.[12]

text: Giraffids like Palaeotragus, Shansitherium and Samotherium appeared 14 mya and lived throughout Africa and Eurasia. These animals had bare ossicones and small cranial sinuses and were longer with broader skulls.[11][12] Paleotragus resembled the okapi and may have been its ancestor.[11] Others find that the okapi lineage diverged earlier, before Giraffokeryx.[12] Samotherium was a particularly important transitional fossil in the giraffe lineage as its cervical vertebrae was intermediate in length and structure between a modern giraffe and an okapi, and was more vertical than the okapi's.[13] Bohlinia, which first appeared in southeastern Europe and lived 9–7 mya was likely a direct ancestor of the giraffe. Bohlinia closely resembled modern giraffes, having a long neck and legs and similar ossicones and dentition.[11]

text: Bohlinia entered China and northern India in response to climate change. From there, the genus Giraffa evolved and, around 7 mya, entered Africa.[14] Further climate changes caused the extinction of the Asian giraffes, while the African giraffes survived and radiated into several new species. Living giraffes appear to have arisen around 1 mya in eastern Africa during the Pleistocene.[11] Some biologists suggest the modern giraffes descended from G. jumae;[15] others find G. gracilis a more likely candidate.[11] G. jumae was larger and more heavily built while G. gracilis was smaller and more lightly built. The main driver for the evolution of the giraffes is believed to have been the changes from extensive forests to more open habitats, which began 8 mya.[11] During this time, tropical plants disappeared and were replaced by arid C4 plants, and a dry savannah emerged across eastern and northern Africa and western India.[16][17] Some researchers have hypothesised that this new habitat coupled with a different diet, including acacia species, may have exposed giraffe ancestors to toxins that caused higher mutation rates and a higher rate of evolution.[18] The coat patterns of modern giraffes may also have coincided with these habitat changes. Asian giraffes are hypothesised to have had more okapi-like colourations.[11]

text: In the early 19th century, Jean-Baptiste Lamarck believed the giraffe's long neck was an "acquired characteristic", developed as generations of ancestral giraffes strove to reach the leaves of tall trees.[19] This theory was eventually rejected, and scientists now believe the giraffe's neck arose through Darwinian natural selection—that ancestral giraffes with long necks thereby had a competitive feeding advantage (competing browsers hypothesis)[20] that better enabled them to survive and reproduce to pass on their genes.[19]

text: The giraffe genome is around 2.9 billion base pairs in length compared to the 3.3 billion base pairs of the okapi. Of the proteins in giraffe and okapi genes, 19.4% are identical. The two species are equally distantly related to cattle, suggesting the giraffe's unique characteristics are not because of faster evolution. The divergence of giraffe and okapi lineages dates to around 11.5 mya. A small group of regulatory genes in the giraffe appear to be responsible for the animal's stature and associated circulatory adaptations.[21]

text: Species and subspecies

text: The IUCN currently recognises only one species of giraffe with nine subspecies.[23][24] In 2001, a two-species taxonomy was proposed.[25] A 2007 study on the genetics of Giraffa, suggested they were six species: the West African, Rothschild's, reticulated, Masai, Angolan, and South African giraffe.[22] The study deduced from genetic differences in nuclear and mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) that giraffes from these populations are reproductively isolated and rarely interbreed, though no natural obstacles block their mutual access. This includes adjacent populations of Rothschild's, reticulated, and Masai giraffes. The Masai giraffe was also suggested to consist of possibly two species separated by the Rift Valley.[22]

text: Reticulated and Masai giraffes have the highest mtDNA diversity, which is consistent with giraffes originating in eastern Africa. Populations further north are more closely related to the former, while those to the south are more related to the latter. Giraffes appear to select mates of the same coat type, which are imprinted on them as calves.[22] The implications of these findings for the conservation of giraffes were summarised by David Brown, lead author of the study, who told BBC News: "Lumping all giraffes into one species obscures the reality that some kinds of giraffe are on the brink. Some of these populations number only a few hundred individuals and need immediate protection."[26]

text: A 2011 study using detailed analyses of the morphology of giraffes, and application of the phylogenetic species concept, described eight species of living giraffes.[27] The eight species are: G. angolensis, G.antiquorum, G. camelopardalis, G. giraffa, G. peralta, G. reticulata, G. thornicrofti, and G. tippelskirchi.

text: A 2016 study also concluded that living giraffes consist of multiple species.[28] The researchers suggested the existence of four species, which have not exchanged genetic information between each other for 1 million to 2 million years. Those four species are the northern giraffe (G. camelopardalis), southern giraffe (G. giraffa), reticulated giraffe (G. reticulata), and Masai giraffe (G. tippelskirchi).[28] Since then, a response to this publication has been published, highlighting seven problems in data interpretation, and concludes "the conclusions should not be accepted unconditionally".[29]

text: There are an estimated 90,000 individuals of Giraffa in the wild, with 1,144 currently in captivity.[28][30]

text: There are also seven extinct species of giraffe, listed as the following:

text:
†Giraffa gracilis
†Giraffa jumae
†Giraffa priscilla
†Giraffa punjabiensis
†Giraffa pygmaea
†Giraffa sivalensis
†Giraffa stillei

tag: ul

text: G. attica, also extinct, was formerly considered part of Giraffa but was reclassified as Bohlinia attica in 1929.

text:
Species and subspecies of giraffe

One species taxonomy[24][23]
Four species taxonomy[28]
Eight species taxonomy[27]
Description
Image

Giraffe (G. camelopardalis)[24][23]
Northern giraffe (G. camelopardalis)
Kordofan giraffe (G. antiquorum)[31]
The Kordofan giraffe (G. c. antiquorum) has a distribution which includes southern Chad, the Central African Republic, northern Cameroon, and north-eastern DR Congo.[24] Populations in Cameroon were formerly included in G. c. peralta, but this was incorrect.[32] Compared to the Nubian giraffe, this subspecies has smaller and more irregular spotting patterns. Its spots may be found below the hocks and the insides of the legs. A median lump is present in males.[33]:51–52 Some 2,000 are believed to remain in the wild.[24] Considerable confusion has existed over the status of this species and G. c. peralta in zoos. In 2007, all alleged G. c. peralta in European zoos were shown to be, in fact, G. c. antiquorum.[32] With this correction, about 65 are kept in zoos.[30] The formerly recognised subspecies G. c. congoesis is now considered part of Kordofan species.

Nubian giraffe including Rothschild's giraffe (G. camelopardalis)[23] also known as Baringo giraffe or Ugandan giraffe
The Nubian giraffe (G. c. camelopardalis), is found in eastern South Sudan and south-western Ethiopia, in addition to Kenya and Uganda.[24] It has sharply defined chestnut-coloured spots surrounded by mostly white lines, while undersides lack spotting.[34] The median lump is particularly developed in the male.[33]:51 Around 2,150 are thought to remain in the wild, with another 1,500 individuals belonging to the Rothschild ecotype.[24] With the addition of Rothschild's giraffe to the Nubian subspecies, the Nubian giraffe is very common in captivity, although the original phenotype is rare- a group is kept at Al Ain Zoo in the United Arab Emirates.[35] In 2003, this group numbered 14.[36]
The Rothschild's giraffe (G. c. rothschildi) may be an ecotype of G. camelopardalis. Its range includes parts of Uganda and Kenya.[24] Its presence in South Sudan is uncertain.[37] This giraffe has large dark patches that usually have complete margins, but may also have sharp edges. The dark spots may also have paler radiating lines or streaks within them. Spotting does not often reach below the hocks and almost never to the hooves. This ecotype may also develop five "horns".[33]:53 Around 1,500 individuals believed to remain in the wild,[24] and more than 450 are kept in zoos.[30] According to genetic analysis circa September 2016, it is conspecific with the Nubian giraffe (G. c. camelopardalis).[28]

West African giraffe (G. peralta),[38][39] also known as Niger giraffe or Nigerian giraffe
The West African giraffe (G. c. peralta) is endemic to south-western Niger.[24] This animal has a lighter pelage than other subspecies,[40]:322 with red lobe-shaped blotches that reach below the hocks. The ossicones are more erect than in other subspecies and males have well-developed median lumps.[33]:52–53 It is the most endangered subspecies within Giraffa, with 400 individuals remaining in the wild.[24] Giraffes in Cameroon were formerly believed to belong to this species, but are actually G. c. antiquorum.[32] This error resulted in some confusion over its status in zoos, but in 2007, it was established that all "G. c. peralta" kept in European zoos actually are G. c. antiquorum. The same 2007 study found that The West African giraffe was more closely related to the Rothchild's giraffe than the Kordofan and its ancestor may have migrated from eastern to northern Africa and then to its current range with the development of the Sahara Desert. At its largest, Lake Chad may have acted as a barrier between West African and Kordofan giraffes during the Holocene (before 5000 BC).[32]

Reticulated giraffe (G. reticulata),[41] also known as Somali giraffe
The reticulated giraffe (G. c. reticulata) is native to north-eastern Kenya, southern Ethiopia, and Somalia.[24] Its distinctive coat pattern consists of sharp-edged, reddish brown polygonal patches divided by a network of thin white lines. Spots may or may not extend below the hocks, and a median lump is present in males.[33]:53 An estimated 8,660 individuals remain in the wild,[24] and based on International Species Information System records, more than 450 are kept in zoos.[30]

Southern giraffe (G. giraffa)
Angolan giraffe (G. angolensis), also known as Namibian giraffe
The Angolan giraffe (G. c. angolensis) is found in northern Namibia, south-western Zambia, Botswana, and western Zimbabwe.[24] A 2009 genetic study on this subspecies suggested the northern Namib Desert and Etosha National Park populations form a separate subspecies.[42] This species has large brown blotches with edges that are either somewhat notched or have angular extensions. The spotting pattern extends throughout the legs but not the upper part of the face. The neck and rump patches tend to be fairly small. The species also has a white ear patch.[33]:51 An estimated 13,000 animals are estimated to remain in the wild;[24] and about 20 are kept in zoos.[30]

South African giraffe (G. giraffa)[43] also known as Cape giraffe
The South African giraffe (G. c. giraffa) is found in northern South Africa, southern Botswana, southern Zimbabwe, and south-western Mozambique.[24] It has dark, somewhat rounded patches "with some fine projections" on a tawny background colour. The spots extend down the legs and get smaller. The median lump of males is less developed.[33]:52 A maximum of 31,500 are estimated to remain in the wild,[24] and around 45 are kept in zoos.[30]

Masai giraffe (G. tippelskirchi)
Masai giraffe (G. tippelskirchi),[44] also known as Kilimanjaro giraffe
The Masai giraffe (G. c. tippelskirchi) can be found in central and southern Kenya and in Tanzania.[24] It has distinctive, irregular, jagged, star-like blotches which extend to the hooves. A median lump is usually present in males.[33]:54[45] A total of 32,550 are thought to remain in the wild,[24] and about 100 are kept in zoos.[30]

Thornicroft's giraffe("G. thornicrofti", after Harry Scott Thornicroft),[46] also known as Luangwa giraffe, or Rhodesian giraffe
The Thornicroft's giraffe (G. c. thornicrofti) is restricted to the Luangwa Valley in eastern Zambia.[24] The patches are notched and somewhat star-shaped, and may or may not extend across the legs. The median lump of males is underdeveloped.[33]:54 No more than 550 remain in the wild,[24] with none kept in zoos.[30]

text: Appearance and anatomy

text: Wikimedia Commons has media related to Giraffa camelopardalis anatomy.

text: Fully grown giraffes stand 4.3–5.7 m (14.1–18.7 ft) tall, with males taller than females.[47][48][49] The tallest recorded male was 5.88 m (19.3 ft) and the tallest recorded female was 5.17 m (17.0 ft) tall.[47][50] The average weight is 1,192 kg (2,628 lb) for an adult male and 828 kg (1,825 lb) for an adult female[51] with maximum weights of 1,930 kg (4,250 lb) and 1,180 kg (2,600 lb) having been recorded for males and females, respectively.[48][49] Despite its long neck and legs, the giraffe's body is relatively short.[52]:66 Located at both sides of the head, the giraffe's large, bulging eyes give it good all-round vision from its great height.[53]:25 Giraffes see in colour[53]:26 and their senses of hearing and smell are also sharp.[19] The animal can close its muscular nostrils to protect against sandstorms and ants.[53]:27

text: The giraffe's prehensile tongue is about 45 cm (18 in) long.[48][49] It is purplish-black in colour, perhaps to protect against sunburn, and is useful for grasping foliage, as well as for grooming and cleaning the animal's nose.[53]:27 The upper lip of the giraffe is also prehensile and useful when foraging and is covered in hair to protect against thorns. The tongue, and inside of the mouth are covered in papillae.[7]

text: The coat has dark blotches or patches (which can be orange, chestnut, brown, or nearly black in colour[19]) separated by light hair (usually white or cream in colour[19]). Male giraffes become darker as they age.[45] The coat pattern has been claimed to serve as camouflage in the light and shade patterns of savannah woodlands.[46] While adult giraffes standing among trees and bushes are hard to see at even a few metres' distance, they actively move into the open to gain the best view of an approaching predator, obviating any benefit that camouflage might bring. Instead, the adults rely on their size and ability to defend themselves. However, camouflage appears to be important for calves, which spend a large part of the day in hiding, away from their mothers; further, over half of all calves die within a year, so predation is certainly important. It appears, therefore, that the spotted coat of the giraffe functions as camouflage for the young, while adults simply inherit this coloration as a by-product.[11] The skin underneath the dark areas may serve as windows for thermoregulation, being sites for complex blood vessel systems and large sweat glands.[54] Each individual giraffe has a unique coat pattern.[45]

text: The skin of a giraffe is mostly gray.[51] Its thickness allows the animal to run through thorn bush without being punctured.[53]:34 The fur may serve as a chemical defence, as its parasite repellents give the animal a characteristic scent. At least 11 main aromatic chemicals are in the fur, although indole and 3-methylindole are responsible for most of the smell. Because the males have a stronger odour than the females, the odour may also have sexual function.[55] Along the animal's neck is a mane made of short, erect hairs.[7] The one-metre (3.3-ft) tail ends in a long, dark tuft of hair and is used as a defense against insects.[53]:36

text: Skull and ossicones

text: Both sexes have prominent horn-like structures called ossicones, which are formed from ossified cartilage, covered in skin and fused to the skull at the parietal bones.[45] Being vascularized, the ossicones may have a role in thermoregulation,[54] and are also used in combat between males.[56] Appearance is a reliable guide to the sex or age of a giraffe: the ossicones of females and young are thin and display tufts of hair on top, whereas those of adult males end in knobs and tend to be bald on top.[45] Also, a median lump, which is more prominent in males, emerges at the front of the skull.[7] Males develop calcium deposits that form bumps on their skulls as they age.[19] A giraffe's skull is lightened by multiple sinuses.[52]:70 However, as males age, their skulls become heavier and more club-like, helping them become more dominant in combat.[45] The upper jaw has a grooved palate and lacks front teeth.[53]:26 The giraffe's molars have a rough surface.[53]:27

text: Legs, locomotion and posture

text: The front and back legs of a giraffe are about the same length. The radius and ulna of the front legs are articulated by the carpus, which, while structurally equivalent to the human wrist, functions as a knee.[57] It appears that a suspensory ligament allows the lanky legs to support the animal's great weight.[58] The foot of the giraffe reaches a diameter of 30 cm (12 in), and the hoof is 15 cm (5.9 in) high in males and 10 cm (3.9 in) in females.[53]:36 The rear of each hoof is low and the fetlock is close to the ground, allowing the foot to provide additional support to the animal's weight.[7] Giraffes lack dewclaws and interdigital glands. The giraffe's pelvis, though relatively short, has an ilium that is outspread at the upper ends.[7]

text: A giraffe has only two gaits: walking and galloping. Walking is done by moving the legs on one side of the body at the same time, then doing the same on the other side.[45] When galloping, the hind legs move around the front legs before the latter move forward,[19] and the tail will curl up.[45] The animal relies on the forward and backward motions of its head and neck to maintain balance and the counter momentum while galloping.[40]:327–29 The giraffe can reach a sprint speed of up to 60 km/h (37 mph),[59] and can sustain 50 km/h (31 mph) for several kilometres.[60]

text: A giraffe rests by lying with its body on top of its folded legs.[40]:329 To lie down, the animal kneels on its front legs and then lowers the rest of its body. To get back up, it first gets on its knees and spreads its hind legs to raise its hindquarters. It then straightens its front legs. With each step, the animal swings its head.[53]:31 In captivity, the giraffe sleeps intermittently around 4.6 hours per day, mostly at night.[61] It usually sleeps lying down, however, standing sleeps have been recorded, particularly in older individuals. Intermittent short "deep sleep" phases while lying are characterised by the giraffe bending its neck backwards and resting its head on the hip or thigh, a position believed to indicate paradoxical sleep.[61] If the giraffe wants to bend down to drink, it either spreads its front legs or bends its knees.[45] Giraffes would probably not be competent swimmers as their long legs would be highly cumbersome in the water,[62] although they could possibly float.[63] When swimming, the thorax would be weighed down by the front legs, making it difficult for the animal to move its neck and legs in harmony[62][63] or keep its head above the surface.[62]

text: Neck

text: The giraffe has an extremely elongated neck, which can be up to 2–2.4 m (6.6–7.9 ft) in length, accounting for much of the animal's vertical height.[48][49][53]:29[64] The long neck results from a disproportionate lengthening of the cervical vertebrae, not from the addition of more vertebrae. Each cervical vertebra is over 28 cm (11 in) long.[52]:71 They comprise 52–54 per cent of the length of the giraffe's vertebral column, compared with the 27–33 percent typical of similar large ungulates, including the giraffe’s closest living relative, the okapi.[18] This elongation largely takes place after birth, perhaps because giraffe mothers would have a difficult time giving birth to young with the same neck proportions as adults.[65] The giraffe's head and neck are held up by large muscles and a strengthened nuchal ligament, which are anchored by long dorsal spines on the anterior thoracic vertebrae, giving the animal a hump.[7][66]

text: The giraffe's neck vertebrae have ball and socket joints.[52]:71 In particular, the atlas–axis joint (C1 and C2) allows the animal to tilt its head vertically and reach more branches with the tongue.[53]:29 The point of articulation between the cervical and thoracic vertebrae of giraffes is shifted to lie between the first and second thoracic vertebrae (T1 and T2), unlike most other ruminants where the articulation is between the seventh cervical vertebra (C7) and T1.[18][65] This allows C7 to contribute directly to increased neck length and has given rise to the suggestion that T1 is actually C8, and that giraffes have added an extra cervical vertebra.[66] However, this proposition is not generally accepted, as T1 has other morphological features, such as an articulating rib, deemed diagnostic of thoracic vertebrae, and because exceptions to the mammalian limit of seven cervical vertebrae are generally characterised by increased neurological anomalies and maladies.[18]

text: There are several hypotheses regarding the evolutionary origin and maintenance of elongation in giraffe necks.[56] The "competing browsers hypothesis" was originally suggested by Charles Darwin and challenged only recently. It suggests that competitive pressure from smaller browsers, such as kudu, steenbok and impala, encouraged the elongation of the neck, as it enabled giraffes to reach food that competitors could not. This advantage is real, as giraffes can and do feed up to 4.5 m (15 ft) high, while even quite large competitors, such as kudu, can feed up to only about 2 m (6 ft 7 in) high.[67] There is also research suggesting that browsing competition is intense at lower levels, and giraffes feed more efficiently (gaining more leaf biomass with each mouthful) high in the canopy.[68][69] However, scientists disagree about just how much time giraffes spend feeding at levels beyond the reach of other browsers,[15][56][67][70] and a 2010 study found that adult giraffes with longer necks actually suffered higher mortality rates under drought conditions than their shorter-necked counterparts. This study suggests that maintaining a longer neck requires more nutrients, which puts longer-necked giraffes at risk during a food shortage.[71]

text: Another theory, the sexual selection hypothesis, proposes that the long necks evolved as a secondary sexual characteristic, giving males an advantage in "necking" contests (see below) to establish dominance and obtain access to sexually receptive females.[15] In support of this theory, necks are longer and heavier for males than females of the same age,[15][56] and the former do not employ other forms of combat.[15] However, one objection is that it fails to explain why female giraffes also have long necks.[72] It has also been proposed that the neck serves to give the animal greater vigilance.[73][74]

text: Internal systems

text: In mammals, the left recurrent laryngeal nerve is longer than the right; in the giraffe it is over 30 cm (12 in) longer. These nerves are longer in the giraffe than in any other living animal;[75] the left nerve is over 2 m (6 ft 7 in) long.[76] Each nerve cell in this path begins in the brainstem and passes down the neck along the vagus nerve, then branches off into the recurrent laryngeal nerve which passes back up the neck to the larynx. Thus, these nerve cells have a length of nearly 5 m (16 ft) in the largest giraffes.[75] The structure of a giraffe's brain resembles that of domestic cattle.[53]:31 It is kept cool by evaporative heat loss in the nasal passages.[54] The shape of the skeleton gives the giraffe a small lung volume relative to its mass. Its long neck gives it a large amount of dead space, in spite of its narrow windpipe. These factors increase the resistance to airflow. Nevertheless, the animal can still supply enough oxygen to its tissues and it can increase its respiratory rate and oxygen diffusion when running.[77]

text: The circulatory system of the giraffe has several adaptations for its great height. Its heart, which can weigh more than 11 kg (25 lb) and measures about 60 cm (2 ft) long, must generate approximately double the blood pressure required for a human to maintain blood flow to the brain. As such, the wall of the heart can be as thick as 7.5 cm (3.0 in).[19] Giraffes have unusually high heart rates for their size, at 150 beats per minute.[52]:76 When the animal lowers its head the blood rushes down fairly unopposed and a rete mirabile in the upper neck, with its large cross sectional area, prevents excess blood flow to the brain. When it raises again, the blood vessels constrict and direct blood into the brain so the animal does not faint.[78] The jugular veins contain several (most commonly seven) valves to prevent blood flowing back into the head from the inferior vena cava and right atrium while the head is lowered.[79] Conversely, the blood vessels in the lower legs are under great pressure because of the weight of fluid pressing down on them. To solve this problem, the skin of the lower legs is thick and tight; preventing too much blood from pouring into them.[46]

text: Giraffes have oesophageal muscles that are unusually strong to allow regurgitation of food from the stomach up the neck and into the mouth for rumination.[52]:78 They have four chambered stomachs, as in all ruminants, and the first chamber has adapted to their specialised diet.[7] The intestines of an adult giraffe measure more than 70 m (230 ft) in length and have a relatively small ratio of small to large intestine.[80] The liver of the giraffe is small and compact.[52]:76 A gallbladder is generally present during fetal life, but it may disappear before birth.[7][81][82]

text: Behaviour and ecology

text: Habitat and feeding

text: Giraffes usually inhabit savannahs and open woodlands. They prefer Acacieae, Commiphora, Combretum and open Terminalia woodlands over denser environments like Brachystegia woodlands.[40]:322 The Angolan giraffe can be found in desert environments.[83] Giraffes browse on the twigs of trees, preferring trees of the subfamily Acacieae and the genera Commiphora and Terminalia,[4] which are important sources of calcium and protein to sustain the giraffe's growth rate.[11] They also feed on shrubs, grass and fruit.[40]:324 A giraffe eats around 34 kg (75 lb) of foliage daily.[45] When stressed, giraffes may chew the bark off branches. Although herbivorous, the giraffe has been known to visit carcasses and lick dried meat off bones.[40]:325

text: During the wet season, food is abundant and giraffes are more spread out, while during the dry season, they gather around the remaining evergreen trees and bushes.[4] Mothers tend to feed in open areas, presumably to make it easier to detect predators, although this may reduce their feeding efficiency.[70] As a ruminant, the giraffe first chews its food, then swallows it for processing and then visibly passes the half-digested cud up the neck and back into the mouth to chew again.[52]:78–79 It is common for a giraffe to salivate while feeding.[53]:27 The giraffe requires less food than many other herbivores because the foliage it eats has more concentrated nutrients and it has a more efficient digestive system.[4] The animal's faeces come in the form of small pellets.[7] When it has access to water, a giraffe drinks at intervals no longer than three days.[45]

text: Giraffes have a great effect on the trees that they feed on, delaying the growth of young trees for some years and giving "waistlines" to trees that are too tall.[45] Feeding is at its highest during the first and last hours of daytime. Between these hours, giraffes mostly stand and ruminate. Rumination is the dominant activity during the night, when it is mostly done lying down.[45]

text: Social life

text: Giraffes are usually found in groups. Traditionally, the composition of these groups has been described as open and ever-changing.[84] Giraffes were thought to have few social bonds and for research purposes, a "group" has been defined as "a collection of individuals that are less than a kilometre apart and moving in the same general direction."[85] More recent studies have found that giraffes do have long-term social associations and may form groups or pairs based on kinship, sex or other factors. These groups may regularly associate with one another in larger communities or sub-communities within a fission–fusion society.[86][87][88] The number of giraffes in a group can range up to 44 individuals.[88]

text:
Giraffe hum

Giraffe hum, ogg/Vorbis format.

Giraffe snort

Giraffe snort ogg/Vorbis format.

Giraffe grunt

Giraffe grunt ogg/Vorbis format.

Giraffe bursts

Giraffe bursts ogg/Vorbis format

Problems playing these files? See media help.

text: Giraffe groups tend to be sex-segregated[88] although mixed-sex groups made of adult females and young males are known to occur. Particularly stable giraffe groups are those made of mothers and their young,[85] which can last weeks or months.[89] Social cohesion in these groups is maintained by the bonds formed between calves.[40]:330[85] Female association appears to be based on space-use and individuals may be matrilineally related.[88] In general, females are more selective than males in who they associate with in regards to individuals of the same sex.[87] Young males also form groups and will engage in playfights. However, as they get older males become more solitary but may also associate in pairs or with female groups.[88][89] Giraffes are not territorial,[7] but they have home ranges.[45] Male giraffes occasionally wander far from areas that they normally frequent.[40]:329

text: Although generally quiet and non-vocal, giraffes have been heard to communicate using various sounds. During courtship, males emit loud coughs.[45] Females call their young by bellowing. Calves will emit snorts, bleats, mooing and mewing sounds. Giraffes also snore, hiss, moan, grunt and make flute-like sounds,[45][90] and possibly communicate over long distances using infrasound[91]—though this is disputed.[90] During nighttime, giraffes appear to hum to each other above the infrasound range for purposes which are unclear.[90]

text: Reproduction and parental care

text: Reproduction in giraffes is broadly polygamous: a few older males mate with the fertile females. Male giraffes assess female fertility by tasting the female's urine to detect oestrus, in a multi-step process known as the flehmen response.[85][89] Males prefer young adult females over juveniles and older adults.[85] Once an oestrous female is detected, the male will attempt to court her. When courting, dominant males will keep subordinate ones at bay.[89] A courting male may lick a female's tail, rest his head and neck on her body or nudge her with his horns. During copulation, the male stands on his hind legs with his head held up and his front legs resting on the female's sides.[45]

text: Giraffe gestation lasts 400–460 days, after which a single calf is normally born, although twins occur on rare occasions.[92] The mother gives birth standing up. The calf emerges head and front legs first, having broken through the fetal membranes, and falls to the ground, severing the umbilical cord.[7] The mother then grooms the newborn and helps it stand up.[53]:40 A newborn giraffe is 1.7–2 m (5.6–6.6 ft) tall.[47][48][49] Within a few hours of birth, the calf can run around and is almost indistinguishable from a one-week-old. However, for the first 1–3 weeks, it spends most of its time hiding;[93] its coat pattern providing camouflage. The ossicones, which have lain flat while it was in the womb, become erect within a few days.[45]

text: Mothers with calves will gather in nursery herds, moving or browsing together. Mothers in such a group may sometimes leave their calves with one female while they forage and drink elsewhere. This is known as a "calving pool".[93] Adult males play almost no role in raising the young,[40]:337 although they appear to have friendly interactions.[85] Calves are at risk of predation, and a mother giraffe will stand over her calf and kick at an approaching predator.[45] Females watching calving pools will only alert their own young if they detect a disturbance, although the others will take notice and follow.[93]

text: The length time in which offspring stay with their mother varies, though it can last until the female's next calving.[93] Likewise, calves may suckle for only a month[40]:335 or as long as a year.[45][89] Females become sexually mature when they are four years old, while males become mature at four or five years. Spermatogenesis in male giraffes begins at three to four years of age.[94] Males must wait until they are at least seven years old to gain the opportunity to mate.[45][53]:40

text: Necking

text: Male giraffes use their necks as weapons in combat, a behaviour known as "necking". Necking is used to establish dominance and males that win necking bouts have greater reproductive success.[15] This behaviour occurs at low or high intensity. In low intensity necking, the combatants rub and lean against each other. The male that can hold itself more erect wins the bout. In high intensity necking, the combatants will spread their front legs and swing their necks at each other, attempting to land blows with their ossicones. The contestants will try to dodge each other's blows and then get ready to counter. The power of a blow depends on the weight of the skull and the arc of the swing.[45] A necking duel can last more than half an hour, depending on how well matched the combatants are.[40]:331 Although most fights do not lead to serious injury, there have been records of broken jaws, broken necks, and even deaths.[15]

text: After a duel, it is common for two male giraffes to caress and court each other. Such interactions between males have been found to be more frequent than heterosexual coupling.[95] In one study, up to 94 percent of observed mounting incidents took place between males. The proportion of same-sex activities varied from 30–75 percent. Only one percent of same-sex mounting incidents occurred between females.[96]

text: Mortality and health

text: Giraffes have high adult survival probability,[97] and an unusually long lifespan compared to other ruminants,[98] up to 25 years in the wild.[46] Because of their size, eyesight and powerful kicks, adult giraffes are usually not subject to predation,[45] aside from lions.[99] Giraffes are the most common prey for the big cats in Kruger National Park.[100] Nile crocodiles can also be a threat to giraffes when they bend down to drink.[53] Calves are much more vulnerable than adults, and are additionally preyed on by leopards, spotted hyenas and wild dogs.[19] A quarter to a half of giraffe calves reach adulthood.[97][101] Calf survival varies according to the season of birth, with calves born during the dry season having higher survival rates.[102] The local, seasonal presence of large herds of migratory wildebeests and zebras reduces predation pressure on giraffe calves and increases their survival probability.[103]

text: Some parasites feed on giraffes. They are often hosts for ticks, especially in the area around the genitals, which has thinner skin than other areas.[7] Tick species that commonly feed on giraffes are those of genera Hyalomma, Amblyomma and Rhipicephalus. Giraffes may rely on red-billed and yellow-billed oxpeckers to clean them of ticks and alert them to danger. Giraffes host numerous species of internal parasite and are susceptible to various diseases. They were victims of the (now eradicated) viral illness rinderpest.[7] Giraffes can also suffer from a skin disorder, which comes in the form of wrinkles, lesions or raw fissures. In Tanzania, it appears to be caused by a nematode, and may be further affected by secondary infections. As much as 79% of giraffes show signs of the disease in Ruaha National Park, but is less prevalent in areas with fertile soils.[104][105][106]

text: Relationship with humans

text: Humans have interacted with giraffes for millennia. The San people of southern Africa have medicine dances named after some animals; the giraffe dance is performed to treat head ailments.[107] How the giraffe got its height has been the subject of various African folktales,[15] including one from eastern Africa which explains that the giraffe grew tall from eating too many magic herbs.[108] Giraffes were depicted in art throughout the African continent, including that of the Kiffians, Egyptians and Meroë Nubians.[53]:45–47 The Kiffians were responsible for a life-size rock engraving of two giraffes that has been called the "world's largest rock art petroglyph".[53]:45[109] The Egyptians gave the giraffe its own hieroglyph, named 'sr' in Old Egyptian and 'mmy' in later periods.[53]:49 They also kept giraffes as pets and shipped them around the Mediterranean.[53]:48–49

text: The giraffe was also known to the Greeks and Romans, who believed that it was an unnatural hybrid of a camel and a leopard and called it camelopardalis.[53]:50 The giraffe was among the many animals collected and displayed by the Romans. The first one in Rome was brought in by Julius Caesar in 46 BC and exhibited to the public.[53]:52 With the fall of the Western Roman Empire, the housing of giraffes in Europe declined.[53]:54 During the Middle Ages, giraffes were known to Europeans through contact with the Arabs, who revered the giraffe for its peculiar appearance.[19]

text: Individual captive giraffes were given celebrity status throughout history. In 1414, a giraffe was shipped from Malindi to Bengal. It was then taken to China by explorer Zheng He and placed in a Ming dynasty zoo. The animal was a source of fascination for the Chinese people, who associated it with the mythical Qilin.[53]:56 The Medici giraffe was a giraffe presented to Lorenzo de' Medici in 1486. It caused a great stir on its arrival in Florence.[110] Zarafa, another famous giraffe, was brought from Egypt to Paris in the early 19th century as a gift from Muhammad Ali of Egypt to Charles X of France. A sensation, the giraffe was the subject of numerous memorabilia or "giraffanalia".[53]:81

text: Giraffes continue to have a presence in modern culture. Salvador Dalí depicted them with burning manes in some of his surrealist paintings. Dali considered the giraffe to be a symbol of masculinity, and a flaming giraffe was meant to be a "masculine cosmic apocalyptic monster".[53]:123 Several children's books feature the giraffe, including David A. Ufer's The Giraffe Who Was Afraid of Heights, Giles Andreae's Giraffes Can't Dance and Roald Dahl's The Giraffe and the Pelly and Me. Giraffes have appeared in animated films, as minor characters in Disney's The Lion King and Dumbo, and in more prominent roles in The Wild and in the Madagascar films. Sophie the Giraffe has been a popular teether since 1961. Another famous fictional giraffe is the Toys "R" Us mascot Geoffrey the Giraffe.[53]:127

text: The giraffe has also been used for some scientific experiments and discoveries. Scientists have looked at the properties of giraffe skin when developing suits for astronauts and fighter pilots[52]:76 because the people in these professions are in danger of passing out if blood rushes to their legs. Computer scientists have modeled the coat patterns of several subspecies using reaction–diffusion mechanisms.[111]

text: The constellation of Camelopardalis, introduced in the seventeenth century, depicts a giraffe.[53]:119–20 The Tswana people of Botswana traditionally see the constellation Crux as two giraffes – Acrux and Mimosa forming a male, and Gacrux and Delta Crucis forming the female.[112]

text: Exploitation and conservation status

text: Giraffes were probably common targets for hunters throughout Africa.[40] Different parts of their bodies were used for different purposes.[7] Their meat was used for food. The tail hairs served as flyswatters, bracelets, necklaces and thread.[7][40] Shields, sandals and drums were made using the skin, and the strings of musical instruments were from the tendons.[7] The smoke from burning giraffe skins was used by the medicine men of Buganda to treat nose bleeds.[40] The Humr people of Sudan consume the drink Umm Nyolokh; which is created from the liver and marrow of giraffes. Umm Nyolokh often contains DMT and other psychoactive substances from plants the giraffes eat such as Acacia; and is known to cause hallucinations of giraffes, believed to be the giraffes' ghosts by the Humr.[113][114] In the 19th century, European explorers began to hunt them for sport.[53] Habitat destruction has hurt the giraffe, too: in the Sahel, the need for firewood and grazing room for livestock has led to deforestation. Normally, giraffes can coexist with livestock, since they do not directly compete with them.[46] In 2017, severe droughts in northern Kenya have led to increased tensions over land and the killing of wildlife by herders, with giraffe populations being particularly hit.[115]

text: Aerial survey is the most common method of monitoring giraffe population trends in the vast roadless tracts of African landscapes, but aerial methods are known to undercount giraffes.[116] Ground-based survey methods are more accurate and should be used in conjunction with aerial surveys to make accurate estimates of population sizes and trends.[116] In 2010, giraffes were assessed as Least Concern from a conservation perspective by the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN), but the 2016 assessment categorized giraffes as Vulnerable.[1] Giraffes have been extirpated from much of their historic range including Eritrea, Guinea, Mauritania and Senegal. They may also have disappeared from Angola, Mali, and Nigeria, but have been introduced to Rwanda and Swaziland.[1] Two subspecies, the West African giraffe and the Rothschild giraffe, have been classified as endangered,[38][37] as wild populations of each of them number in the hundreds.

text: In 1997, Jonathan Kingdon suggested that the Nubian giraffe was the most threatened of all giraffes;[4] as of 2010[update], it may number fewer than 250, although this estimate is uncertain. Private game reserves have contributed to the preservation of giraffe populations in southern Africa.[46] Giraffe Manor is a popular hotel in Nairobi that also serves as sanctuary for Rothschild's giraffes.[117] The giraffe is a protected species in most of its range. It is the national animal of Tanzania,[118] and is protected by law.[119] Unauthorised killing can result in imprisonment.[120] The UN backed Convention of Migratory Species selected giraffes for protection in 2017.[121] In 1999, it was estimated that over 140,000 giraffes existed in the wild,[34] estimations as of 2016 indicate that there are approximately 97,500 members of Giraffa in the wild, down from 155,000 in 1985, with around 1,144 in captivity.[122][123][full citation needed]


document_title: AFC East

question_text: when was the last time the dolphins won their division

text: AFC East

text: AFL Eastern Division[edit]

text: The American Football League Eastern Division was formed during the inaugural season of the American Football League in 1960, as a counterpart to the AFL Western Division. The divisional alignment consisted of the Buffalo Bills, Boston Patriots, New York Titans and Houston Oilers. The Miami Dolphins entered the AFL in 1966 as part of its Eastern division.[7]

text: The division was absorbed nearly intact with the AFL–NFL merger in 1970, but Houston was moved to the AFC Central (formerly the NFL Century Division, now the AFC North) and replaced by the closer Baltimore Colts (from the NFL Coastal Division, which became the NFC West). Despite relocating to Indianapolis, Indiana in 1984, the Colts continued to play in the AFC East until NFL expansion from 31 to 32 teams with the addition of the Houston Texans (successor club in Houston to the Oilers) and 2002 re-alignment when they were moved to the AFC South (the successor franchise to the Oilers, the Tennessee Titans, is also in the AFC South).[8]

text: Although Miami is farther south than the home cities of the other three teams, all of which are in the Northeast, all four AFC East teams have historical rivalries among them, dating from their years in the AFL during the 1960s.[9]

text: None of the AFC East teams currently plays within the central city of their metropolitan area:

text:
The Bills play in Orchard Park, New York. They played in the city of Buffalo from 1960–72.
The Jets play in East Rutherford, New Jersey (they played in the New York City borough of Manhattan from 1960–63, and in the borough of Queens from 1964–83)
The Dolphins play in Miami Gardens, Florida, a suburb of Miami (Miami Gardens was separated from the city itself and incorporated in 2003)
The Patriots play in Foxborough, Massachusetts (they played in Boston, the largest city in New England, until 1970 and adopted their current name in 1971 when they moved into what eventually became known as Foxboro Stadium).

text: All of the teams are or were coached by a first or second generation member of the Bill Parcells coaching tree: the Patriots have Bill Belichick; the Dolphins had Tony Sparano; the Jets had Eric Mangini (who served as an assistant with both Belichick and Parcells); and the Bills had Dick Jauron (fired on November 17, 2009), who served as an assistant with former Parcells assistant Tom Coughlin. The Jets are now coached by Todd Bowles and the Bills were coached by Rex Ryan for 31 games (the entire 2015-16 season, and he was fired before the last game of the 2016-17 season and replaced with interim Head Coach Anthony Lynn). Parcells himself coached the Patriots (1993–6) and the Jets (1997–9) and was Vice President of Football Operations for the Dolphins until the summer of 2010.[10]

text: ESPN's Chris Berman often calls this division the "AFC Adams" due to its geographical similarity to the old Adams Division of the NHL, now succeeded by the Atlantic Division.

text: Along with the AFC (formerly AFL) West, the AFC East is the oldest NFL division in terms of creation date (1960).

text: Division lineups[edit]

text: Place cursor over year for division champ or Super Bowl team.

text:
AFL Eastern Division

1900s

60
61
62
63
64
65
66
67
68
69

Buffalo Bills

Boston Patriots

New York Titans
New York Jets [C]

Houston Oilers [B]

Miami Dolphins [D]

text:
AFC East Division

1900s
2000s

70
71
72
73
74
75
76
77
78
79
80
81
82
83
84
85
86
87
88
89
90
91
92
93
94
95
96
97
98
99
00
01

Buffalo Bills

Boston Patriots
New England Patriots [A]

New York Jets

Baltimore Colts [E]
Indianapolis Colts [F]

Miami Dolphins

text:
AFC East Division

2000s

02
03
04
05
06
07
08
09
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19

New England Patriots

Buffalo Bills

New York Jets

Miami Dolphins

     Team not in division      Division Won AFL Championship      Division Won AFC Championship      Division Won Super Bowl

text: Division champions[edit]

text:
Season
Team
Record
Playoff Results

1960
Houston Oilers
10–4–0
Won AFL Championship Game

1961
Houston Oilers
10–3–1
Won AFL Championship Game

1962
Houston Oilers
11–3–0
Lost AFL Championship Game

1963
Boston Patriots
7–6–1
Won Divisional Playoff, Lost AFL Championship Game

1964
Buffalo Bills
12–2–0
Won AFL Championship Game

1965
Buffalo Bills
10–3–1
Won AFL Championship Game

1966
Buffalo Bills
9–4–1
Lost AFL Championship Game

1967
Houston Oilers
9–4–1
Lost AFL Championship Game

1968
New York Jets
11–3–0
Won AFL Championship Game, Won Super Bowl III

1969
New York Jets
10–4–0
Lost Inter-Divisional Playoffs

1970
Baltimore Colts
11–2–1
Won Divisional and AFC Championship Games, Won Super Bowl V0

1971
Miami Dolphins
10–3–1
Won Divisional and AFC Championship Games, Lost Super Bowl VI

1972
Miami Dolphins
14–0–0
Won Divisional and AFC Championship Games, Won Super Bowl VII

1973
Miami Dolphins
12–2–0
Won Divisional and AFC Championship Games, Won Super Bowl VIII

1974
Miami Dolphins
11–3–0
Lost AFC Divisional Playoffs

1975
Baltimore Colts
10–4–0
Lost AFC Divisional Playoffs

1976
Baltimore Colts
11–3–0
Lost AFC Divisional Playoffs

1977
Baltimore Colts
10–4–0
Lost AFC Divisional Playoffs

1978
New England Patriots
11–5–0
Lost AFC Divisional Playoffs

1979
Miami Dolphins
10–6–0
Lost AFC Divisional Playoffs

1980
Buffalo Bills
11–5–0
Lost AFC Divisional Playoffs

1981
Miami Dolphins
11–4–1
Lost AFC Divisional Playoffs

1982+
Miami Dolphins
7–2–0
Won AFC First Round, Second Round and Championship Games, Lost Super Bowl XVII0

1983
Miami Dolphins
12–4–0
Lost AFC Divisional Playoffs

1984
Miami Dolphins
14–2–0
Won Divisional and AFC Championship Games, Lost Super Bowl XIX

1985
Miami Dolphins
12–4–0
Won AFC Divisional Playoffs, Lost AFC Championship Game

1986
New England Patriots
11–5–0
Lost AFC Divisional Playoffs

1987
Indianapolis Colts
9–6–0
Lost AFC Divisional Playoffs

1988
Buffalo Bills
12–4–0
Won AFC Divisional Playoffs, Lost AFC Championship Game

1989
Buffalo Bills
9–7–0
Lost AFC Divisional Playoffs

1990
Buffalo Bills
13–3–0
Won Divisional and AFC Championship Games, Lost Super Bowl XXV

1991
Buffalo Bills
13–3–0
Won Divisional and AFC Championship Games, Lost Super Bowl XXVI

1992
Miami Dolphins
11–5–0
Won Divisional Game, lost AFC Championship Game

1993
Buffalo Bills
12–4–0
Won Divisional and AFC Championship Games, Lost Super Bowl XXVIII

1994
Miami Dolphins
10–6–0
Won Wild Card Game, Lost AFC Divisional Playoffs

1995
Buffalo Bills
10–6–0
Won Wild Card Game, Lost AFC Divisional Playoffs

1996
New England Patriots
11–5–0
Won Divisional and AFC Championship Games, Lost Super Bowl XXXI

1997
New England Patriots
10–6–0
Won Wild Card Game, Lost AFC Divisional Playoffs

1998
New York Jets
12–4–0
Won Divisional Game, Lost AFC Championship Game

1999
Indianapolis Colts
13–3–0
Lost AFC Divisional Playoffs

2000
Miami Dolphins
11–5–0
Won Wild Card Game, Lost AFC Divisional Playoffs

2001
New England Patriots
11–5–0
Won Divisional and AFC Championship Games, Won Super Bowl XXXVI

2002
New York Jets
9–7–0
Won Wild Card Game, Lost AFC Divisional Playoffs

2003
New England Patriots
14–2–0
Won Divisional and AFC Championship Games, Won Super Bowl XXXVIII

2004
New England Patriots
14–2–0
Won Divisional and AFC Championship Games, Won Super Bowl XXXIX

2005
New England Patriots
10–6–0
Won Wild Card Game, Lost AFC Divisional Playoffs

2006
New England Patriots
12–4–0
Won Wild Card and AFC Divisional Games, Lost AFC Championship Game

2007
New England Patriots
16–0–0
Won Divisional and AFC Championship Games, Lost Super Bowl XLII

2008
Miami Dolphins
11–5–0
Lost AFC Wild Card Playoffs

2009
New England Patriots
10–6–0
Lost AFC Wild Card Playoffs

2010
New England Patriots
14–2–0
Lost AFC Divisional Playoffs

2011
New England Patriots
13–3–0
Won Divisional and AFC Championship Games, Lost Super Bowl XLVI

2012
New England Patriots
12–4–0
Won AFC Divisional Playoffs, Lost AFC Championship Game

2013
New England Patriots
12–4–0
Won AFC Divisional Playoffs, Lost AFC Championship Game

2014
New England Patriots
12–4–0
Won AFC Divisional and AFC Championship Games, Won Super Bowl XLIX

2015
New England Patriots
12–4–0
Won AFC Divisional Playoffs, Lost AFC Championship Game

2016
New England Patriots
14–2–0
Won AFC Divisional and AFC Championship Games, Won Super Bowl LI

2017
New England Patriots
13–3–0
Won AFC Divisional and AFC Championship Games, Lost Super Bowl LII

text: + – A players' strike in 1982 reduced the regular season to nine games. Thus, the league used a special 16-team playoff tournament just for this year. Division standings were ignored, Miami had the best record of the division teams.

text: Wildcard Qualifiers[edit]

text:
Season
Team
Record
Playoff Results

1969
Houston Oilers
06–6–2
Lost AFL Interdivisional Game

1970
Miami Dolphins
10–4–0
Lost AFC Divisional Playoffs

1971
Baltimore Colts
10–4–0
Won AFC Divisional Playoffs, Lost AFC Championship Game

1974
Buffalo Bills
09–5–0
Lost AFC Divisional Playoffs

1976
New England Patriots
11–3–0
Lost AFC Divisional Playoffs

1978
Miami Dolphins
11–5–0
Lost Wild Card Playoffs

1981
New York Jets
Buffalo Bills
10–5–1
10–6–0
Lost Wild Card Playoffs
Won Wild Card Playoffs, Lost AFC Divisional Playoffs

1982+
New York Jets
New England Patriots
06–3–0
05–4–0
Won AFC First Round and Second Round, Lost AFC Championship Game0
Lost AFC First Round

1985
New York Jets
New England Patriots
11–5–0
11–5–0
Lost AFC Wild Card Playoffs
Won Wild Card, Divisional and AFC Championship Games, Lost Super Bowl XX0

1986
New York Jets
10–6–0
Won Wild Card Game, Lost AFC Divisional Playoffs

1990
Miami Dolphins
12–4–0
Won Wild Card Playoffs, Lost AFC Divisional Playoffs

1991
New York Jets
08–8–0
Lost AFC Wild Card Playoffs

1992
Buffalo Bills
11–5–0
Won Wild Card, Divisional and AFC Championship Games, Lost Super Bowl XXVII0

1994
New England Patriots
10–6–0
Lost AFC Wild Card Playoffs

1995
Indianapolis Colts
Miami Dolphins
09–7–0
09–7–0
Won Wild Card and AFC Divisional Playoff games, Lost AFC Championship Game0
Lost AFC Wild Card Playoffs

1996
Buffalo Bills
Indianapolis Colts
10–6–0
09–7–0
Lost AFC Wild Card Playoffs
Lost AFC Wild Card Playoffs

1997
Miami Dolphins
09–7–0
Lost AFC Wild Card Playoffs

1998
Miami Dolphins
Buffalo Bills
New England Patriots
10–6–0
10–6–0
09–7–0
Won Wild Card Playoffs, Lost AFC Divisional Playoffs
Lost AFC Wild Card Playoffs
Lost AFC Wild Card Playoffs

1999
Buffalo Bills
Miami Dolphins
11–5–0
09–7–0
Lost AFC Wild Card Playoffs
Won Wild Card Playoffs, Lost AFC Divisional Playoffs

2000
Indianapolis Colts
10–6–0
Lost AFC Wild Card Playoffs

2001
Miami Dolphins
New York Jets
11–5–0
10–6–0
Lost AFC Wild Card Playoffs
Lost AFC Wild Card Playoffs

2004
New York Jets
10–6–0
Won Wild Card Playoffs, Lost AFC Divisional Playoffs

2006
New York Jets
10–6–0
Lost AFC Wild Card Playoffs

2009
New York Jets
09–7–0
Won Wild Card and AFC Divisional Playoff games, Lost AFC Championship Game0

2010
New York Jets
11–5–0
Won Wild Card and AFC Divisional Playoff games, Lost AFC Championship Game

2016
Miami Dolphins
10–6–0
Lost AFC Wild Card Playoffs

2017
Buffalo Bills
09–7–0
Lost AFC Wild Card Playoffs

text: Total playoff berths while in the AFL/AFC East[edit]

text:
(AFC East records 1960–2016 seasons)
Reflects Colts & Oilers results only while in the East Division.
In the sortable table below, teams can be ordered by name, number of division wins, playoff berths, or titles.

text:
Team
Division
Titles
Playoff
Berths
AFL
Titles
AFC
Championships
Super Bowl
Championships

New England Patriots
20
25
0
10
5

Miami Dolphins
14
23
0
5
2

Buffalo Bills
10
18
2
4
0

New York Jets
4
14
1
0
1

Indianapolis Colts1*
6
10
0
0
0

Houston Oilers2*
4
5
2
0
0

text:
AFC East
-Division--
Titles
-Playoff-
Berths
AFL
-Titles-
AFC
-Championships-
Super Bowl
-Championships-

Totals- 1960–2016
56
95
5
19
8

text:
1 Realigned from NFL West in 1970 merger. Known as the Baltimore Colts before 1984. Realigned into the AFC South beginning with the 2002 NFL season.
2 Realigned into the AFC Central in 1970 merger, and into the AFC South in 2002. Known as Tennessee Oilers from 1997–98, and Tennessee Titans since 1999.


document_title: Magic 8-Ball

question_text: how many answers are on a magic 8 ball

question_tokens: how many answers are on a magic 8 ball

text: Magic 8-Ball

text: Origin[edit]

text: An 8-ball was used as a fortune-telling device in the 1940 Three Stooges short, You Nazty Spy!, and called a "magic ball".[1] While Magic 8-Ball did not exist in its current form until 1950, the functional component was invented by Albert C. Carter, inspired by a spirit writing device used by his mother, Mary, a Cincinnati clairvoyant. When Carter approached store owner Max Levinson about stocking the device, Levinson called in his brother-in-law Abe Bookman, a graduate of Ohio Mechanics Institute. In 1944, Carter filed for a patent[2] for the cylindrical device, assigning it in 1946 to Bookman, Levinson, and another partner in what came to be Alabe Crafts, Inc. (Albert and Abe). Alabe marketed and sold the cylinder as The Syco-Seer. Carter died sometime before the patent was granted in 1948. Bookman made improvements to The Syco-Seer, and in 1948, it was encased in an iridescent crystal ball. Though unsuccessful, the revamped product caught the attention of Chicago's Brunswick Billiards. In 1950 they commissioned Alabe Crafts to make a version in the form of a traditional black-and-white 8-ball.[3]

text: Design[edit]

text: The Magic 8-Ball is a hollow plastic sphere resembling an oversized, black-and-white 8-ball. Inside, a cylindrical reservoir contains a white, plastic icosahedron floating in alcohol dyed dark blue. Each of the die's 20 faces has an affirmative, negative, or non-committal statement printed in raised letters. These messages are read through a window on the ball's bottom.

text: To use the ball, it must be held with the window initially facing down. After "asking the ball" a yes-no question, the user then turns the ball so that the window faces up, setting in motion the liquid and die inside. When the die floats to the top and one face presses against the window, the raised letters displace the blue liquid to reveal the message as white letters on a blue background. Although many users shake the ball before turning it upright, the instructions warn against doing so to avoid white bubbles, which interfere with the performance of the ball itself.

text: Possible answers[edit]

text: The 20 answers inside a standard Magic 8-Ball are:

text:
● It is certain
● It is decidedly so
● Without a doubt
● Yes definitely
● You may rely on it

● As I see it, yes
● Most likely
● Outlook good
● Yep
● Signs point to yes

● Reply hazy try again
● Ask again later
● Better not tell you now
● Cannot predict now
● Concentrate and ask again

● Don't count on it
● My reply is no
● My sources say no
● Outlook not so good
● Very doubtful

text: Ten of the possible answers are affirmative (●), while five are non-committal (●) and five are negative (●).


document_title: The Voice (U.S. season 13)

question_text: who is the remaining contestants on the voice

text: The Voice (U.S. season 13)

text: Coaches and hosts[edit]

text: The coach lineup changed once again for the thirteenth season. Gwen Stefani and Alicia Keys did not return as coaches. They were replaced by Miley Cyrus, who returns after a one-season hiatus, along with returning coaches Adam Levine and Blake Shelton. On May 10, 2017, NBC announced that Jennifer Hudson would join as a coach, following her success on The Voice UK. Carson Daly will return for his thirteenth season as host.[3][2]

text: This season, for the first time since season six, the Playoffs did not kick off the live rounds and voting. This season, the Top 12 have been chosen by the coaches. In previous seasons, the finalists were partially determined by viewers’ votes.[4][5]

text: This season's Battle advisors are: Joe Jonas for Team Adam, Billy Ray Cyrus for Team Miley, Kelly Rowland for Team Jennifer, Rascal Flatts for Team Blake. Kelly Clarkson will serve as a key advisor for all teams.

text: Teams[edit]

text: Color key

text:
Winner
     Runner-up
     Third place
     Fourth place
     Eliminated in the Live Shows

     Eliminated in the Playoffs
     Selected by another coach as their Coach Comeback
     Stolen in the Knockout rounds
     Eliminated in the Knockout rounds
     Stolen in the Battle rounds
     Eliminated in the Battle rounds

text:
Coaches
Top 48 artists

Adam Levine

Addison Agen
Adam Cunningham
Jon Mero
Emily Luther
Whitney Fenimore
Anthony Alexander

Hannah Mrozak
Adam Pearce
Dennis Drummond
Dylan Gerard
Whitney Fenimore
Michael Kight

Gary Carpentier
Brandon Brown
Dave Crosby
Brandon Showell

Miley Cyrus

Brooke Simpson
Ashland Craft
Janice Freeman
Moriah Formica
Adam Pearce
Karli Webster

Whitney Fenimore
Chloe Kohanski
Stephan Marcellus
Addison Agen
Katrina Rose
Megan Rose

Sophia Bollman
Shilo Gold
Ilianna Viramontes

Jennifer Hudson

Noah Mac
Davon Fleming
Shi'Ann Jones
Lucas Holliday
Hannah Mrozak
Chris Weaver

Jeremiah Miller
Katrina Rose
Eric Lyn
Kathrina Feigh
Stephan Marcellus
Meagan McNeal

Maharasyi
Alexandra Joyce
Ignatious Carmouche

Blake Shelton

Chloe Kohanski
Red Marlow
Keisha Renee
Mitchell Lee
Natalie Stovall
Esera Tuaolo

Adam Cunningham
Anna Catherine DeHart
Megan Rose
Kathrina Feigh
Noah Mac
Dennis Drummond

Rebecca Brunner
Ryan Scripps
Kristi Hoopes

Note: Italicized names are stolen contestants (names struck through within former teams). Bolded names are contestants who received the Coach Comeback and advanced to the Playoffs.

text: Blind auditions[edit]

text:
✔
Coach pressed "I WANT YOU" button

Artist defaulted to a coach's team

Artist elected to pick a coach's team

Artist eliminated with no coach pressing their button

text: Episode 1 (September 25)[edit]

text:
Order
Artist
Age
Hometown
Song
Coach's and artist's choices

Adam
Miley
Jennifer
Blake

1
Chris Weaver
29
Long Island, New York
"Try a Little Tenderness"
✔
✔
✔
✔

2
Mitchell Lee
29
Charleston, South Carolina
"Hold My Hand"
✔
—
✔
✔

3
Janice Freeman
32
Compton, California
"Radioactive"
—
✔
✔
—

4
Xaris
17
Gulf Breeze, Florida
"Don't Think Twice, It's All Right"
—
—
—
—

5
Shi'Ann Jones
15
Bowling Green, Kentucky
"Drown in My Own Tears"
—
—
✔
✔

6
Dave Crosby
30
Seattle, Washington
"I Will Follow You into the Dark"
✔
✔
—
✔

7
Odiseas Georgiadis
20
Brooklyn, New York
"Papa's Got a Brand New Bag"
—
—
—
—

8
Esera Tuaolo
49
Minneapolis, Minnesota
"Rise Up"
—
—
✔
✔

9
Brandon Showell
26
Virginia Beach, Virginia
"There's Nothing Holdin' Me Back"
✔
✔
✔
—

10
Lucas Holliday
26
Lansing, Michigan
"This Woman's Work"
—
—
✔
—

11
Brooke Simpson
26
Hollister, North Carolina
"Stone Cold"
✔
✔
✔
✔

text: Episode 2 (September 26)[edit]

text:
Order
Artist
Age
Hometown
Song
Coach's and artist's choices

Adam
Miley
Jennifer
Blake

1
Keisha Renee
30
Inglewood, California
"I Can't Stop Loving You"
✔
✔
✔
✔

2
Dylan Gerard
28
Macclenny, Florida
"Say You Won't Let Go"
✔
—
✔
—

3
Maharasyi
27
Indonesia  / Los Angeles, California
"Tell Me Something Good"
—
✔
✔
—

4
Marlo Wells
61
Fontana, California
"Love Me Now"
—
—
—
—

5
Red Marlow
40
Dickson, Tennessee
"Swingin'"
—
✔
—
✔

6
Ashland Craft
21
Piedmont, South Carolina
"You Are My Sunshine"
✔
✔
—
✔

text: Episode 3 (October 2)[edit]

text:
Order
Artist
Age
Hometown
Song
Coach's and artist's choices

Adam
Miley
Jennifer
Blake

1
Adam Cunningham
38
Nashville, Tennessee
"Midnight Rider"
—
—
✔
✔

2
Hannah Mrozak
18
Richfield, Wisconsin
"Starving"
✔
—
✔
✔

3
Shilo Gold
26
Denver, Colorado
"Stay with Me Baby"
—
✔
✔
—

4
Samantha Rios
16
Arlington, Virginia
"Something's Got a Hold on Me"
—
—
—
—

5
Noah Mac
17
Dublin, California
"Way Down We Go"
—
—
✔
✔

6
Davon Fleming
25
Baltimore, Maryland
"Me & Mr. Jones"
✔
✔
✔
✔

7
Kathrina Feigh
24
Quezon City, Philippines  / New York City, New York
"Big White Room"
—
—
✔
✔

8
Alexandra Joyce
16
Strongsville, Ohio
"Wildest Dreams"
✔
—
✔
✔

9
Eric Lyn
26
Los Angeles, California
"O-o-h Child"
—
—
✔
—

10
Anna Catherine DeHart
23
Sikeston, Missouri
"I Could Use a Love Song"
✔
—
—
✔

11
Addison Agen
16
Fort Wayne, Indiana
"Jolene"
✔
✔
—
—

12
Adam Pearce
31
New Orleans, Louisiana
"Hot Blooded"
✔
✔
—
—

13
Myles Frost
17
Washington, D.C.
"My Cherie Amour"
—
—
—
—

14
Moriah Formica
16
Latham, New York
"Crazy on You"
✔
✔
✔
✔

text: Episode 4 (October 3)[edit]

text:
Order
Artist
Age
Hometown
Song
Coach's and artist's choices

Adam
Miley
Jennifer
Blake

1
Anthony Alexander
17
Fontana, California
"Redbone"
✔
✔
✔
—

2
Sophia Bollman
18
Norco, California
"Invincible"
—
✔
—
✔

3
Jessica Rowboat
28
New Delhi, India  / Queens, New York
"Imagine"
—
—
—
—

4
Karli Webster
20
Fort Worth, Texas
"You're So Vain"
✔
✔
—
—

5
Stephan Marcellus
26
Englewood, New Jersey
"Take Me to Church"
—
—
✔

6
Emily Luther
24
Woonsocket, Rhode Island
"Summertime"
✔
—
✔
✔

text: Episode 5 (October 9)[edit]

text:
Order
Artist
Age
Hometown
Song
Coach's and artist's choices

Adam
Miley
Jennifer
Blake

1
Chloe Kohanski
23
Mount Juliet, Tennessee
"The Chain"
—
✔
✔
✔

2
Olivia Kay
13
Edmond, Oklahoma
"Ghost"
—
—
—
—

3
Dennis Drummond
27
Nashville, Tennessee
"She Talks to Angels"
✔
—
—
✔

4
Ignatious Carmouche
23
Opelousas, Louisiana
"Latch"
—
—
✔
✔

5
Rebecca Brunner
22
Mason, Michigan
"Believer"
—
—
—
✔

6
Brandon Brown
19
The Bronx, New York
"Georgia on My Mind"
✔
—
✔
✔

7
Nathan Graham
27
Chicago, Illinois
"Nobody to Blame"
—
—
—
—

8
Whitney Fenimore
28
Tulsa, Oklahoma
"Hold On, We're Going Home"
✔
✔
—
—

9
Ilianna Viramontes
18
Brentwood, California
"New Soul"
—
✔
—
✔

10
Katrina Rose
34
Astoria, Queens, New York
"Kozmic Blues"
—
✔
—
—

11
Natalie Stovall
35
Nashville, Tennessee
"If It Hadn't Been For Love"
—
—
—
✔

12
Ryan Scripps
24
San Jose, California
"Body Like a Back Road"
—
—
—
✔

13
Meagan McNeal
31
Chicago, Illinois
"Can't Feel My Face"
—
—
✔
—

14
Jon Mero
31
Atlanta, Georgia
"Versace on the Floor"
✔
✔
✔
✔

text: Episode 6 (October 10)[edit]

text:
Order
Artist
Age
Hometown
Song
Coach's and artist's choices

Adam
Miley
Jennifer
Blake

1
Kristi Hoopes
19
Parker, Colorado
"Heaven, Heartache and the Power of Love"
✔
—
✔
✔

2
Michael Kight
25
Dublin, Georgia
"Sugar"
✔
—
—
Team full

3
Jeremiah Miller
18
Fort Worth, Texas
"Slow Hands"
✔
—
✔

4
Serina Rae
17
Panama City Beach, Florida
"Stand By Me"
—
—
Team full

5
Austin Serrato
42
Ashville, Alabama
"Ain't No Sunshine"
—
—

6
Raycee Jones
29
Brooklyn, New York
"We Don't Have to Take Our Clothes Off"
—
—

7
Nik Singleton
28
Seattle, Washington
"Wide Open Spaces"
—
—

8
Megan Rose
20
San Francisco, California
"Ode to Billie Joe"
✔
✔

9
Gary Carpentier
26
Oswego, New York
"Home"
✔
Team full

text: The Battles[edit]

text: The Battle Rounds start on October 16. Season thirteen's advisors include: Joe Jonas for Team Adam, Billy Ray Cyrus for Team Miley, Kelly Rowland for Team Jennifer, and Rascal Flatts for Team Blake.[6] The coaches can steal two losing artists from another coach. Contestants who win their battle or are stolen by another coach will advance to the Knockout rounds.

text: Color key:

text:
Artist won the Battle and advanced to the Knockouts

Artist lost the Battle but was stolen by another coach and advanced to the Knockouts

Artist lost the Battle and was originally eliminated but received the Coach Comeback and advanced to the Playoffs

Artist lost the Battle and was eliminated

text:
Episode
Coach
Order
Winner
Song
Loser
'Steal' result

Adam
Miley
Jennifer
Blake

Episode 7
(Monday, October 16)
Jennifer Hudson
1
Lucas Holliday
"My Prerogative"
Meagan McNeal
—
—
N/A
—

Miley Cyrus
2
Moriah Formica
"American Woman"
Shilo Gold
—
N/A
—
—

Blake Shelton
3
Keisha Renee
"I'm So Lonesome I Could Cry"
Noah Mac
—
—
✔
N/A

Jennifer Hudson
4
Chris Weaver
"Dangerous Woman"
Kathrina Feigh
—
—
N/A
✔

Miley Cyrus
5
Brooke Simpson
"You're a Big Girl Now"
Sophia Bollman
—
N/A
—
—

Adam Levine
6
Adam Pearce
"Stop Draggin' My Heart Around"
Whitney Fenimore
N/A
✔
—
✔

Episode 8
(Tuesday, October 17)
Jennifer Hudson
1
Davon Fleming
"I'm Your Baby Tonight"
Maharasyi
—
—
N/A
—

Adam Levine
2
Hannah Mrozak
"Cold Water"
Brandon Showell
N/A
—
—
—

3
Dylan Gerard
"Doctor My Eyes"
Dave Crosby
N/A
—
—
—

Blake Shelton
4
Esera Tuaolo
"This I Promise You"
Rebecca Brunner
—
—
—
N/A

Miley Cyrus
5
Chloe Kohanski
"I Am Woman"
Ilianna Viramontes
—
N/A
—
—

Blake Shelton
6
Mitchell Lee
"Mr. Jones"
Dennis Drummond
✔
—
—
N/A

Episode 9
(Monday, October 23)
Adam Levine
1
Jon Mero
"I Wish It Would Rain"
Brandon Brown
N/A
—
—
—

Blake Shelton
2
Red Marlow
"Fishin' in the Dark"
Ryan Scripps
—
—
—
N/A

Miley Cyrus
3
Karli Webster
"Girls Just Want to Have Fun"
Addison Agen
✔
N/A
✔
—

Blake Shelton
4
Anna Catherine DeHart
"Independence Day"
Kristi Hoopes
Team full
—
—
N/A

Jennifer Hudson
5
Jeremiah Miller
"One Call Away"
Alexandra Joyce
—
N/A
—

Adam Levine
6
Emily Luther
"Send My Love (To Your New Lover)"
Gary Carpentier
—
—
—

Jennifer Hudson
7
Shi'Ann Jones
"Oh! Darling"
Stephan Marcellus
✔
N/A
—

Adam Levine
8
Anthony Alexander
"I Feel It Coming"
Michael Kight
Team full
—
—

Miley Cyrus
9
Janice Freeman
"W.O.M.A.N"
Katrina Rose
✔
—

Episode 10
(Tuesday, October 24)
Blake Shelton
1
Adam Cunningham
"Boondocks"
Natalie Stovall
Team full
Team full
Team full
N/A

Jennifer Hudson
2
Eric Lyn
"Unaware"
Ignatious Carmouche
—

Miley Cyrus
3
Ashland Craft
"A Good Hearted Woman"
Megan Rose
✔

text: The Knockouts[edit]

text: The Knockouts round starts with episode 11. The coaches can each steal one losing artist. The top 20 contestants then move on to The Playoffs. Kelly Clarkson is the advisor to contestants from all teams in this round.

text: Color key:

text:
Artist won the Knockout and advanced to the Playoffs

Artist lost the Knockout but was stolen by another coach and advanced to the Playoffs

Artist lost the Knockout and was originally eliminated but received the Coach Comeback and advanced to the Playoffs

Artist lost the Knockout and was eliminated

text:
Episode
Coach
Order
Song
Artists
Song
'Steal' result

Winner
Loser
Adam
Miley
Jennifer
Blake

Episode 11
(Monday, October 30)
Blake Shelton
1
"Superstar"
Esera Tuaolo
Adam Cunningham
"Either Way"
✔
—
—
N/A

Jennifer Hudson
2
"Who's Lovin' You"
Shi'Ann Jones
Lucas Holliday
"Tell It Like It Is"
Team full
—
N/A
—

Adam Levine
3
"Beneath Your Beautiful"
Addison Agen
Dennis Drummond
"All Along the Watchtower"
—
—
—

Miley Cyrus
4
"I'm Goin' Down"
Janice Freeman
Karli Webster
"Blue Bayou"
N/A
—
—

Jennifer Hudson
5
"I Can Only Imagine"
Davon Fleming
Eric Lyn
"What's Going On"
—
N/A
—

Miley Cyrus
6
"Wanted Dead or Alive"
Ashland Craft
Chloe Kohanski
"Landslide"
N/A
✔
✔

Episode 12
(Tuesday, October 31)
The twelfth episode was a special one-hour episode titled "Best of the Season". The episode showed selected moments of the season so far, including the coaches, their teams, their assistant team advisors, the journey of the contestants thus far, and some previously unseen footage.

Episode 13
(Monday, November 6)
Miley Cyrus
1
"(You Make Me Feel Like) A Natural Woman"
Brooke Simpson
Stephan Marcellus
"Impossible"
Team full
N/A
—
Team full

Blake Shelton
2
"I'll Be"
Mitchell Lee
Anna Catherine DeHart
"Breathe"
—
—

Jennifer Hudson
3
"Hold Back the River"
Noah Mac
Jeremiah Miller
"Sorry"
—
N/A

Blake Shelton
4
"I Hope You Dance"
Keisha Renee
Kathrina Feigh
"Girl on Fire"
—
—

Adam Levine
5
"Blame It On the Boogie"
Jon Mero
Dylan Gerard
"Can I Be Him"
—
—

Miley Cyrus
6
"Behind These Hazel Eyes"
Moriah Formica
Whitney Fenimore1
"Calling All Angels"
N/A
—

Adam Levine
7
"Glitter in the Air"
Emily Luther
Adam Pearce
"Smoke on the Water"
✔
—

Episode 14
(Tuesday, November 7)
Jennifer Hudson
1
"I Put a Spell on You"
Chris Weaver
Katrina Rose
"Zombie"
Team full
Team full
N/A
Team full

Blake Shelton
2
"Outskirts of Heaven"
Red Marlow
Megan Rose
"Smoke Break"
—

Adam Levine
3
"Mercy"
Anthony Alexander
Hannah Mrozak
"Love on the Brain"
✔

text: 1 Whitney Fenimore is on Team Adam for the Playoffs.

text: The Playoffs[edit]

text: The Playoffs were taped on August 31 and September 1, and comprised episodes 15, 16, and 17. As in season 6, the Playoffs were prerecorded, featuring no interactive viewer voting component, and therefore no subsequent results shows. As in seasons 9, 10, and 12, four previously eliminated artists were chosen by the coaches to come back for the Playoffs. This time, they were Natalie Stovall (picked by Blake Shelton), Lucas Holliday (chosen by Jennifer Hudson), Karli Webster (joined by Miley Cyrus), and Whitney Fenimore (by Adam Levine).

text: This season is the first to have the Playoffs taped on the same stage as the Battles and the Knockouts. The top twenty-four artists performed for the coaches, with each coach choosing three artists from their teams for elimination. The remaining top twelve artists advanced to the live shows.

text: Color key:

text:
Artist was chosen by his/her coach to move on to the live shows

Artist was eliminated

text:
Episode
Coach
Order
Artist
Song
Result

Episode 15
(Monday, November 13)
Jennifer Hudson
1
Davon Fleming
"I Am Changing"
Advanced

2
Hannah Mrozak
"Learn to Let Go"
Eliminated

3
Lucas Holliday
"The Beautiful Ones"
Eliminated

4
Shi'Ann Jones
"Tattooed Heart"
Advanced

5
Chris Weaver
"California Soul"
Eliminated

6
Noah Mac
"In the Air Tonight"
Advanced

Blake Shelton
7
Red Marlow
"Chiseled in Stone"
Advanced

8
Chloe Kohanski
"Time After Time"
Advanced

9
Natalie Stovall
"Callin' Baton Rouge"
Eliminated

10
Esera Tuaolo
"How Do I Live"
Eliminated

11
Mitchell Lee
"Heaven"
Eliminated

12
Keisha Renee
"Love Can Build a Bridge"
Advanced

Episode 16
(Tuesday, November 14)
Adam Levine
1
Adam Cunningham
"Have a Little Faith in Me"
Advanced

2
Whitney Fenimore
"If It Makes You Happy"
Eliminated

3
Emily Luther
"Lovesong"
Eliminated

4
Anthony Alexander
"Perfect"
Eliminated

5
Jon Mero
"When We Were Young"
Advanced

6
Addison Agen
"Angel from Montgomery"
Advanced

Episode 17
(Wednesday, November 15)
Miley Cyrus
1
Brooke Simpson
"It's a Man's Man's Man's World"
Advanced

2
Karli Webster
"Coat of Many Colors"
Eliminated

3
Adam Pearce
"Love Hurts"
Eliminated

4
Ashland Craft
"When I Think About Cheatin'"
Advanced

5
Moriah Formica
"World Without You"
Eliminated

6
Janice Freeman
"Fall for You"
Advanced

text: Live shows[edit]

text: Color key:

text:
Artist was saved by the Public's votes

Artist was placed in the bottom two, bottom three, or middle three

Artist was saved by the Instant Save

Artist's iTunes vote multiplied by 5 (except The Finals) after his/her studio version of the song reached iTunes top 10

Artist was eliminated

text: Week 1: Top 12 (November 20 and 21)[edit]

text: The Top 12 performed on Monday, November 20, 2017, with the results following on Tuesday, November 21, 2017. The Instant Save returned once again this season, with the bottom two artists performing for a spot in the next round via the viewers' votes from Twitter.

text: Addison Agen received the first iTunes bonus multiplier of the season, with her studio recording of "She Used to Be Mine" placing (#9) on the iTunes Top 200 Singles chart at the close of the voting window.[7]

text: In addition, the show's official YouTube channel released a video starring the cast of Pitch Perfect 3 and the Top 12 singing "Freedom! '90" and "Cups".

text:
Episode
Coach
Order
Artist
Song
Result

Episode 18
(Monday, November 20)
Miley Cyrus
1
Brooke Simpson
"Praying"
Public's vote

Blake Shelton
2
Red Marlow
"The Church on Cumberland Road"
Public's vote

Jennifer Hudson
3
Shi'Ann Jones
"Vision of Love"
Public's vote

Adam Levine
4
Jon Mero
"Why I Love You"
Bottom two

Miley Cyrus
5
Ashland Craft
"Delta Dawn"
Public's vote

Adam Levine
6
Adam Cunningham
"Against All Odds (Take a Look at Me Now)"
Bottom two

Blake Shelton
7
Chloe Kohanski
"Thank You"
Public's vote

Jennifer Hudson
8
Davon Fleming
"Love On Top"
Public's vote

Adam Levine
9
Addison Agen
"She Used to Be Mine"
Public's vote

Blake Shelton
10
Keisha Renee
"Midnight Train to Georgia"
Public's vote

Jennifer Hudson
11
Noah Mac
"Speed of Sound"
Public's vote

Miley Cyrus
12
Janice Freeman
"The Story"
Public's vote

Instant Save Performances

Episode 19
(Tuesday, November 21)
Adam Levine
1
Adam Cunningham
"Fortunate Son"
Instant Save

2
Jon Mero
"I Want You Back"
Eliminated

text:
Non-competition performances

Order
Performer
Song

19.1
Jennifer Hudson and her team
(Davon Fleming, Noah Mac and Shi'Ann Jones)
"Let It Be"

19.2
Maroon 5
"What Lovers Do"

19.3
Blake Shelton and his team
(Chloe Kohanski, Keisha Renee and Red Marlow)
"If It Will, It Will"

text: Week 2: Top 11 (November 27 and 28)[edit]

text: The Top 11 performed songs chosen by the public on Monday, November 27, 2017, with the results following on Tuesday, November 28, 2017. iTunes bonus multipliers were awarded to Red Marlow (#10), Addison Agen (#2), and Chloe Kohanski (#1).[8]

text:
Episode
Coach
Order
Artist
Song
Results

Episode 20
(Monday, November 27)
Miley Cyrus
1
Janice Freeman
"Shine"
Bottom two

Blake Shelton
2
Red Marlow
"The Dance"
Public's vote

Jennifer Hudson
3
Shi’Ann Jones
"Listen"
Public's vote

Adam Levine
4
Adam Cunningham
"American Girl"
Bottom two

Miley Cyrus
5
Brooke Simpson
"What About Us"
Public's vote

Jennifer Hudson
6
Davon Fleming
"I Have Nothing"
Public's vote

Miley Cyrus
7
Ashland Craft
"Chicken Fried"
Public's vote

Adam Levine
8
Addison Agen
"A Case of You"
Public's vote

Blake Shelton
9
Keisha Renee
"It Matters to Me"
Public's vote

Jennifer Hudson
10
Noah Mac
"Electric Love"
Public's vote

Blake Shelton
11
Chloe Kohanski
"Total Eclipse of the Heart"
Public's vote

Instant Save Performances

Episode 21
(Tuesday, November 28)
Adam Levine
1
Adam Cunningham
"Amazed"
Instant Save

Miley Cyrus
2
Janice Freeman
"Chandelier"
Eliminated

text:
Non-competition performances

Order
Performer
Song

21.1
Miley Cyrus and her team
(Ashland Craft, Janice Freeman and Brooke Simpson)
"Man! I Feel Like a Woman!"

21.2
Adam Levine and his team
(Addison Agen and Adam Cunningham)
"Go Your Own Way"

21.3
Blake Shelton with Jennifer Hudson
"I'll Name the Dogs"

text: Week 3: Top 10 (December 4 and 5)[edit]

text: The Top 10 performed on Monday, December 4, 2017, with the results following on Tuesday, December 5, 2017. iTunes bonus multipliers were awarded to Keisha Renee (#10), Addison Agen (#5), Chloe Kohanski (#4), and Brooke Simpson (#2).[9]

text:
Episode
Coach
Order
Artist
Song
Results

Episode 22
(Monday, December 4)
Jennifer Hudson
1
Davon Fleming
"Hurt"
Bottom three

Adam Levine
2
Adam Cunningham
"Maybe It Was Memphis"
Public's vote

Jennifer Hudson
3
Noah Mac
"Ordinary World"
Public's vote

4
Shi'Ann Jones
"Diamonds"
Bottom three

Blake Shelton
5
Chloe Kohanski
"Call Me"
Public's vote

6
Keisha Renee
"All By Myself"
Public's vote

Miley Cyrus
7
Ashland Craft
"I Hate Myself for Loving You"
Bottom three

8
Brooke Simpson
"Amazing Grace"
Public's vote

Blake Shelton
9
Red Marlow
"That's What I Love About Sunday"
Public's vote

Adam Levine
10
Addison Agen
"Lucky"
Public's vote

Instant Save Performances

Episode 23
(Tuesday, December 5)
Miley Cyrus
1
Ashland Craft
"Tonight I Wanna Cry"
Eliminated

Jennifer Hudson
2
Shi'Ann Jones
"At Last"
Eliminated

3
Davon Fleming
"Ain't No Way"
Instant Save

text:
Non-competition performances

Order
Performer
Song

22.1
Gwen Stefani feat. Blake Shelton
"You Make It Feel Like Christmas"

23.1
Portugal. The Man
"Feel It Still"

23.2
Danielle Bradbery
"Worth It"

text: Week 4: Semifinals (December 11 and 12)[edit]

text: The Top 8 performed on Monday, December 11, 2017, with the results following on Tuesday, December 12, 2017. Like Season 12, the duets between contestants were part of the competition and public voting. In the semifinals, three artists will automatically move to next week's finale, the two artists with the least votes will be immediately eliminated and the middle three will contend for the remaining spot in the next week's finals via the Instant Save. iTunes bonuses this week awarded to Chloe Kohanski (#1), Addison Agen (#2), Chloe Kohanski and Noah Mac (Duet) (#3), Red Marlow (#5), Brooke Simpson (#6) and Noah Mac (#7). Davon Fleming’s “Gravity” was in the Top 10 earlier Tuesday, but it had fallen to #11 by the voting deadline.[10]

text: With the eliminations of Noah Mac and Davon Fleming, Jennifer Hudson no longer has any artists remaining on her team. Noah Mac was the first artist to receive two iTunes bonuses and to be eliminated during the same week.

text:
Episode
Coach
Order
Artist
Song
Results

Episode 24
(Monday, December 11)
Adam Levine
1
Adam Cunningham
"I'm Already There"
Middle three

Jennifer Hudson
2
Davon Fleming
"Gravity"
Eliminated

Blake Shelton
3
Red Marlow
"Go Rest High on That Mountain"
Middle three

4
Keisha Renee
"What Hurts the Most"
Eliminated

5
Chloe Kohanski
"I Want to Know What Love Is"
Public's vote

Jennifer Hudson
6
Noah Mac
"River"
Middle three

Adam Levine
7
Addison Agen
"Both Sides, Now"
Public's vote

Miley Cyrus
8
Brooke Simpson
"Faithfully"
Public's vote

Instant Save Performances

Episode 25
(Tuesday, December 12)
Blake Shelton
1
Red Marlow
"Dixieland Delight"
Instant Save

Adam Levine
2
Adam Cunningham
"Here's a Quarter (Call Someone Who Cares)"
Eliminated

Jennifer Hudson
3
Noah Mac
"Sign of the Times"
Eliminated

text:
Duets

Order
Performers
Song

24.2
Noah Mac and Chloe Kohanski
"Wicked Game"

24.4
Brooke Simpson and Davon Fleming
"Earned It"

24.6
Adam Cunningham and Red Marlow
"Can't You See"

24.8
Addison Agen and Keisha Renee
"Strong Enough"

text:
Non-competition performances

Order
Performer
Song

25.1
Machine Gun Kelly, X Ambassadors and Bebe Rexha
"Home"

25.2
Jennifer Hudson
"Burden Down"

25.3
Alisan Porter, Chris Mann, Mary Sarah, Matt McAndrew, Matthew Schuler, and Michael Sanchez
(giving a preview of the upcoming The Voice: Neon Dreams residency show in Las Vegas)

"It's Time"

text: Week 5: Finals (December 18 and 19)[edit]

text: The Top 4 performed on Monday, December 18, 2017, with the final results following on Tuesday, December 19, 2017. This week, the four finalists performed a solo cover song, a duet with their coach, and an original song. iTunes bonuses this week were awarded to Addison Agen (#1, #5, #10), Chloe Kohanski (#2 and #7), Brooke Simpson (#4 and #8) and Red Marlow (#3).[11]

text:
Coach
Artist
Order
Solo Song
Order
Duet Song (with Coach)
Order
Original Song
Result

Adam Levine
Addison Agen
1
"Humble and Kind"
5
"Falling Slowly"
11
"Tennessee Rain"
Runner-up

Blake Shelton
Chloe Kohanski
12
"Bette Davis Eyes"
8
"You Got It"
2
"Wish I Didn't Love You"
Winner

Blake Shelton
Red Marlow
9
"To Make You Feel My Love"
3
"I'm Gonna Miss Her"
7
"I Pray"
Fourth place

Miley Cyrus
Brooke Simpson
10
"O Holy Night"
6
"Wrecking Ball"
4
"What Is Beautiful"
Third place

text:
Non-competition performances

Order
Performer
Song

26.1
Chris Blue
"Humanity" (In promotion of NBC's Winter Olympics coverage)

27.1
Bebe Rexha, Adam Cunningham and Keisha Renee
"Meant to Be"

27.2
Charlie Puth
(with Adam Levine on a guitar)
"How Long"

27.3
Norah Jones and Addison Agen
"Don't Know Why"

27.4
Bastille and Noah Mac
"World Gone Mad"

27.5
Kelly Clarkson
"Medicine"

27.6
Chris Blue
"Blue Blood Blues"

27.7
Sia and Brooke Simpson
"Titanium"

27.8
Chris Weaver as Nedra Belle and Stephanie’s Child featuring Jessie J
"Bang Bang (My Baby Shot Me Down)"
"Bang Bang"

27.9
Billy Idol and Chloe Kohanski
"White Wedding"

27.10
Demi Lovato
"Tell Me You Love Me"

27.11
Jessie J and Davon Fleming
"Not My Ex"

27.12
Vince Gill and Red Marlow
"When I Call Your Name"

27.13
N.E.R.D.
"Lemon"

27.14
Sia
"Snowman"

text: Elimination chart[edit]

text: Overall[edit]

text:
Team Adam
     Team Miley

     Team Jennifer
     Team Blake

text:
Winner
     Runner-up
     Third place
     Fourth place

     Saved by Instant Save (via Twitter)
     Saved by his/her coach
     Saved by the public
     Eliminated

text:
Two Stages Results per week

Artist
Playoffs
Week 1
Week 2
Week 3
Week 4
Finals

Chloe Kohanski
Safe
Safe
Safe
Safe
Safe
Winner

Addison Agen
Safe
Safe
Safe
Safe
Safe
Runner-up

Brooke Simpson
Safe
Safe
Safe
Safe
Safe
3rd Place

Red Marlow
Safe
Safe
Safe
Safe
Safe
4th Place

Adam Cunningham
Safe
Safe
Safe
Safe
Eliminated
Eliminated (Week 4)

Noah Mac
Safe
Safe
Safe
Safe
Eliminated

Davon Fleming
Safe
Safe
Safe
Safe
Eliminated

Keisha Renee
Safe
Safe
Safe
Safe
Eliminated

Ashland Craft
Safe
Safe
Safe
Eliminated
Eliminated (Week 3)

Shi'Ann Jones
Safe
Safe
Safe
Eliminated

Janice Freeman
Safe
Safe
Eliminated
Eliminated (Week 2)

Jon Mero
Safe
Eliminated
Eliminated (Week 1)

Anthony Alexander
Eliminated
Eliminated (Playoffs)

Whitney Fenimore
Eliminated

Moriah Formica
Eliminated

Lucas Holliday
Eliminated

Mitchell Lee
Eliminated

Emily Luther
Eliminated

Hannah Mrozak
Eliminated

Adam Pearce
Eliminated

Natalie Stovall
Eliminated

Esera Tuaolo
Eliminated

Chris Weaver
Eliminated

Karli Webster
Eliminated

text: Team[edit]

text:
Winner
     Runner-up
     Third place
     Fourth place

     Eliminated
     Saved by his/her coach
     Artist Saved by Instant Save (via Twitter)
     Artist advanced and received one or more iTunes bonus that week
  Number of iTunes bonuses received

text:
Artist
Playoffs
Week 1
Week 2
Week 3
Week 4
Finals

Addison Agen
Advanced
Advanced
Advanced
Advanced
Advanced
Runner-up

Adam Cunningham
Advanced
Advanced
Advanced
Advanced
Eliminated

Jon Mero
Advanced
Eliminated

Anthony Alexander
Eliminated

Whitney Fenimore
Eliminated

Emily Luther
Eliminated

Brooke Simpson
Advanced
Advanced
Advanced
Advanced
Advanced
Third Place

Ashland Craft
Advanced
Advanced
Advanced
Eliminated

Janice Freeman
Advanced
Advanced
Eliminated

Moriah Formica
Eliminated

Adam Pearce
Eliminated

Karli Webster
Eliminated

Noah Mac
Advanced
Advanced
Advanced
Advanced
Eliminated

Davon Fleming
Advanced
Advanced
Advanced
Advanced
Eliminated

Shi'Ann Jones
Advanced
Advanced
Advanced
Eliminated

Lucas Holliday
Eliminated

Hannah Mrozak
Eliminated

Chris Weaver
Eliminated

Chloe Kohanski
Advanced
Advanced
Advanced
Advanced
Advanced
Winner

Red Marlow
Advanced
Advanced
Advanced
Advanced
Advanced
Fourth Place

Keisha Renee
Advanced
Advanced
Advanced
Advanced
Eliminated

Mitchell Lee
Eliminated

Natalie Stovall
Eliminated

Esera Tuaolo
Eliminated

text: Artists who appeared on previous shows or seasons[edit]

text:
Adam Pearce auditioned for season twelve, but failed to turn any chairs.
Keisha Renee appeared on the tenth season of American Idol, where she finished in the Top 40.
Hannah Mrozak was a Top 48 placer on the fourteenth season of American Idol.
Odiseas Georgiadis auditioned for season three of the show, but failed to turn any chairs. He is the second contestant, after Sonia Rao, to be rejected twice and the first one to be rejected twice in different seasons.
Samantha Rios previously appeared on the third season of La Voz Kids, as a member of Daddy Yankee's team. She finished as a semi-finalist.
Ignatious Carmouche previously won the show's second Snapchat season on Team Adam. He won a blind audition for this season as his prize.
Esera Tuaolo played professional football for nine years.[12]
Emily Luther (along with Charlie Puth) won the 2011 Perez Hilton Can YOU Sing?? YouTube contest doing a cover of Adele's “Someone Like You”. Both appeared on The Ellen DeGeneres Show and were signed to her label eleveneleven. In January 2012, they came back to The Ellen DeGeneres Show and performed Lady Antebellum's "Need You Now" and an original written by Puth titled "Break Again" (co-written with Robert Gillies).

text: Reception[edit]

text: U.S. Nielsen ratings[edit]

text:
Episode
Original airdate
Production
Time slot (ET)
Viewers
(in millions)
Adults (18–49)
Source

Rating
Share

1
"The Blind Auditions Premiere"
September 25, 2017 (2017-09-25)
1301
Monday 8:00 p.m.
10.57
2.6
9
[13]

2
"The Blind Auditions Premiere, Part 2"
September 26, 2017 (2017-09-26)
1302
Tuesday 8:00 p.m.
10.98
2.7
10
[14]

3
"The Blind Auditions, Part 3"
October 2, 2017 (2017-10-02)
1303
Monday 8:00 p.m.
11.04
2.6
9
[15]

4
"The Blind Auditions, Part 4"
October 3, 2017 (2017-10-03)
1304
Tuesday 8:00 p.m.
10.42
2.4
9
[16]

5
"The Blind Auditions, Part 5"
October 9, 2017 (2017-10-09)
1305
Monday 8:00 p.m.
10.91
2.4
8
[17]

6
"The Blind Auditions, Part 6"
October 10, 2017 (2017-10-10)
1306
Tuesday 8:00 p.m.
10.93
2.6
9
[18]

7
"The Battles Premiere"
October 16, 2017 (2017-10-16)
1307
Monday 8:00 p.m.
11.01
2.6
10
[19]

8
"The Battles Premiere, Part 2"
October 17, 2017 (2017-10-17)
1308
Tuesday 8:00 p.m.
10.41
2.4
8
[20]

9
"The Battles, Part 3"
October 23, 2017 (2017-10-23)
1309
Monday 8:00 p.m.
10.19
2.4
8
[21]

10
"The Battles, Part 4"
October 24, 2017 (2017-10-24)
1310
Tuesday 8:00 p.m.
9.90
1.9
7
[22]

11
"The Knockouts Premiere"
October 30, 2017 (2017-10-30)
1311
Monday 8:00 p.m.
9.98
1.9
7
[23]

12
"The Voice: Best of the Season"
October 31, 2017 (2017-10-31)
1312
Tuesday 8:00 p.m.
6.23
1.0
4
[24]

13
"The Knockouts, Part 2"
November 6, 2017 (2017-11-06)
1313
Monday 8:00 p.m.
9.63
2.0
7
[25]

14
"The Knockouts, Part 3"
November 7, 2017 (2017-11-07)
1314
Tuesday 8:00 p.m.
9.47
1.9
7
[26]

15
"The Playoffs, Night 1"
November 13, 2017 (2017-11-13)
1315
Monday 8:00 p.m.
10.01
2.0
8
[27]

16
"The Playoffs, Night 2"
November 14, 2017 (2017-11-14)
1316
Tuesday 8:00 p.m.
10.08
2.1
8
[28]

17
"The Playoffs, Night 3"
November 15, 2017 (2017-11-15)
1317
Wednesday 9:00 p.m.
8.23
1.7
7
[29]

18
"Live Top 12 Performances"
November 20, 2017 (2017-11-20)
1318
Monday 8:00 p.m.
9.15
1.7
6
[30]

19
"Live Top 12 Eliminations"
November 21, 2017 (2017-11-21)
1319
Tuesday 8:00 p.m.
9.36
1.7
7
[31]

20
"Live Top 11 Performances"
November 27, 2017 (2017-11-27)
1320
Monday 8:00 p.m.
9.60
1.9
7
[32]

21
"Live Top 11 Eliminations"
November 28, 2017 (2017-11-28)
1321
Tuesday 8:00 p.m.
10.60
1.8
7
[33]

22
"Live Top 10 Performances"
December 4, 2017 (2017-12-04)
1322
Monday 8:00 p.m.
9.86
1.8
7
[34]

23
"Live Top 10 Eliminations"
December 5, 2017 (2017-12-05)
1323
Tuesday 8:00 p.m.
10.00
1.8
7
[35]

24
"Live Semifinal Performances"
December 11, 2017 (2017-12-11)
1324
Monday 8:00 p.m.
10.45
1.9
7
[36]

25
"Live Semifinal Eliminations"
December 12, 2017 (2017-12-12)
1325
Tuesday 8:00 p.m.
9.77
1.7
7
[37]

26
"Live Final Performances"
December 18, 2017 (2017-12-18)
1326
Monday 8:00 p.m.
11.02
2.0
7
[38]

27
"Live Season Finale"
December 19, 2017 (2017-12-19)
1327
Tuesday 9:00 p.m.
10.91
2.0
8
[39]


document_title: List of highest individual scores in ODIs

question_text: rohit sharma highest score in one day match

text: One Day International (ODI) cricket is played between international cricket teams who are Full Members of the International Cricket Council (ICC) as well as the top six Associate and Affiliate members.[1] Unlike Test matches, ODIs consist of one innings per team, having a limit in the number of overs.

text: The limit of overs is currently 50 overs per innings, although in the past this has been 55 or 60 overs.[2] ODI cricket is List-A cricket, so statistics and records set in ODI matches also count toward List-A records. The earliest match now recognized as an ODI was played between England and Australia in January 1971;[3] since then there have been over 3,000 ODIs played by 26 teams. The frequency of matches has steadily increased, partly because of the increase in the number of ODI-playing countries, and partly as the cricket boards of those nations seek to maximise their revenue.[4]

text: Before breaking the 200 mark, the highest ODI score was 194 jointly held by Pakistani Saeed Anwar and Zimbabwean Charles Coventry. In One Day Internationals, the first man to score a double century was Indian batsman Sachin Tendulkar, who scored 200 not out against South Africa at Captain Roop Singh Stadium in Gwalior, India. Rohit Sharma is the only player in history to score 3 double centuries.[5] The following table lists scores of 180 or higher.

text: Highest ODI individual scores[edit]

text:
Rank
Name
Score
4s
6s
Strike rate
Innings
Team
Opponent
Venue
Date
Result

1
Sharma, RohitRohit Sharma
264
33
9
152.60
1
 India
 Sri Lanka
Eden Gardens, Kolkata
13 November 2014
Won[6]

2
Guptill, MartinMartin Guptill
237*
24
11
145.39
1
 New Zealand
 West Indies
Westpac Stadium, Wellington
21 March 2015
Won[7]

3
Sehwag, VirenderVirender Sehwag
219
25
7
146.97
1
 India
 West Indies
Holkar Cricket Stadium, Indore
8 December 2011
Won[8]

4
Gayle, ChrisChris Gayle
215
10
16
146.25
1
 West Indies
 Zimbabwe
Manuka Oval, Canberra
24 February 2015
Won[9]

5
Sharma, RohitRohit Sharma
209
12
16
132.28
1
 India
 Australia
M. Chinnaswamy Stadium, Bangalore
2 November 2013
Won[10]

6
Sharma, RohitRohit Sharma
208*
13
12
135.94
1
 India
 Sri Lanka
PCA IS Bindra Stadium, Mohali
13 December 2017
Won[11]

7
Tendulkar, SachinSachin Tendulkar
200*
25
3
136.05
1
 India
 South Africa
Captain Roop Singh Stadium, Gwalior
24 February 2010
Won[12]

8
Charles Coventry
194*
16
7
124.36
1
 Zimbabwe
 Bangladesh
Queens Sports Club, Bulawayo
16 August 2009
Lost[13]

8
Saeed Anwar
194
22
5
132.88
1
 Pakistan
 India
M. A. Chidambaram Stadium, Chennai
21 May 1997
Won[14]

10
Vivian Richards
189*
21
5
111.18
1
 West Indies
 England
Old Trafford Cricket Ground, Manchester
31 May 1984
Won[15]

10
Martin Guptill
189*
19
2
121.94
1
 New Zealand
 England
Rose Bowl, Southampton
2 June 2013
Won[16]

10
Jayasuriya, SanathSanath Jayasuriya
189
21
4
117.39
1
 Sri Lanka
 India
Sharjah Cricket Association Stadium, Sharjah
29 October 2000
Won[17]

13
Kirsten, GaryGary Kirsten
188*
13
4
118.24
1
 South Africa
 United Arab Emirates
Rawalpindi Cricket Stadium, Rawalpindi
16 February 1996
Won[18]

14
Sachin Tendulkar
186*
20
3
124.00
1
 India
 New Zealand
Lal Bahadur Shastri Stadium, Hyderabad
8 November 1999
Won[19]

15
Watson, ShaneShane Watson
185*
15
15
192.71
2
 Australia
 Bangladesh
Sher-e-Bangla National Cricket Stadium, Dhaka
11 April 2011
Won[20]

15
du Plessis, FafFaf du Plessis
185
16
3
131.20
1
 South Africa
 Sri Lanka
Newlands Cricket Ground, Cape Town
7 February 2017
Won[21]

17
Dhoni, MSMS Dhoni
183*
15
10
126.21
2
 India
 Sri Lanka
Sawai Mansingh Stadium, Jaipur
31 October 2005
Won[22]

17
Ganguly, SouravSourav Ganguly
183
17
7
115.82
1
 India
 Sri Lanka
County Ground, Taunton
26 May 1999
Won[23]

17
Kohli, ViratVirat Kohli
183
22
1
123.65
2
 India
 Pakistan
Sher-e-Bangla National Cricket Stadium, Dhaka
18 March 2012
Won[24]

20
Taylor, RossRoss Taylor
181*
17
6
123.12
2
 New Zealand
 England
University of Otago Oval, Dunedin
7 March 2018
Won[25]

20
Hayden, MatthewMatthew Hayden
181*
11
10
109.03
1
 Australia
 New Zealand
Seddon Park, Hamilton
20 February 2007
Lost[26]

20
Richards, VivViv Richards
181
16
7
144.80
1
 West Indies
 Sri Lanka
National Stadium, Karachi, Karachi
13 October 1987
Won[27]

21
Roy, JasonJason Roy
180
16
5
119.20
2
 England
 Australia
MCG, Melbourne, Melbourne
14 January 2018
Won[28]

text: * indicates not out