document_title: Demographics of Malaysia

question_text: what are the main ethnic groups in malaysia

question_tokens: what are the main ethnic groups in malaysia

text: Demographics of Malaysia

text: Demographic trends and key rates[edit]

text: Censuses were taken in Malaysia in 1970, 1980, 1991, and 2000, with the one in 2000 taking place between 5 and 20 July.[7] The total population is around 28.3 million according to the 2010 census.[1][8] The population distribution is highly uneven, with some 20 million residents concentrated in Peninsula Malaysia.[9] 74.7% of the population is urban.[10] Due to the rise in labour-intensive industries,[11] Malaysia is estimated to have over 3 million migrant workers, which is about 10% of the Malaysian population.[12] The exact numbers are unknown: there are a million legal foreign workers and perhaps another million unauthorised foreigners. The state of Sabah alone had nearly 25% of its 2.7 million population listed as illegal foreign workers in the last census. Sabah based NGOs estimate that out of the 3 million population, 2 million are illegal immigrants.[13]

text: Additionally, according to the World Refugee Survey 2008, published by the US Committee for Refugees and Immigrants (USCRI), Malaysia hosts a population of refugees and asylum seekers numbering approximately 155,700. Of this population, approximately 70,500 refugees and asylum seekers are from the Philippines, 69,700 from Burma, and 21,800 from Indonesia.[14] The USCRI named Malaysia as one of the ten worst places for refugees on account of the country's discriminatory practices toward them. Malaysian officials are reported to have turned deportees directly over to human smugglers in 2007, and Malaysia employs RELA, a volunteer militia, to enforce its immigration law.[14]

text: Population distribution by states and territories[edit]

text: Source: National Census 2000,[15] Department of Statistics Malaysia.

text:
State
Population
Area (km2)
Pop. density
Urban pop.(%)
Bumiputra (%)
Chinese (%)
Indian (%)

Johor
2,740,625
18987
144
65.2
57.1
35.4
6.9

Kedah
1,649,756
9425
175
39.3
76.6
14.9
7.1

Kelantan
1,313,014
15024
87
34.2
95.0
3.8
0.3

Malacca
635,791
1652
385
67.2
62.8
30.1
6.5

Negeri Sembilan
859,924
6644
129
53.4
57.9
25.6
16.0

Pahang
1,288,376
35965
36
42.0
76.8
17.7
5.0

Penang
1,313,449
1031
1274
80.1
42.5
46.5
10.6

Perak
2,051,236
21005
98
58.7
54.7
32.0
13.0

Perlis
204,450
795
257
34.3
85.5
10.3
1.3

Selangor
4,188,876
7960
526
87.6
53.5
30.7
14.6

Terengganu
898,825
12955
69
48.7
96.8
2.8
0.2

Sabah
2,603,485
73619
35
48.0
80.5
13.2
0.5

Sarawak
2,071,506
124450
17
48.1
72.9
26.7
0.2

FT Kuala Lumpur
1,379,310
243
5676
100.0
43.6
43.5
11.4

FT Labuan
76,067
92
827
77.7
79.6
15.8
1.3

FT Putrajaya
45,000
148
304
100.0
94.8
1.8
2.7

text:
Putrajaya data is for 2004.
Population estimates are rounded to the nearest hundred.

text: Source: National Census 2010,[1] Department of Statistics Malaysia

text:
State [16]
Population
Area (km2)
Pop. density
Urban pop.(%)
Bumiputra (%)
Chinese (%)
Indian (%)

Johor
3,348,283
19,210
174
71.9
58.9
33.6
7.1

Kedah
1,890,098
9,500
199
64.6
77.9
13.6
7.3

Kelantan
1,459,994
15,099
97
42.4
95.7
3.4
0.3

Malacca
788,706
1,664
470
86.5
66.9
26.4
6.2

Negeri Sembilan
997,071
6,686
150
66.5
61.3
23.2
15.2

Pahang
1,443,365
36,137
40
50.5
79.0
16.2
4.4

Penang
1,520,143
1,048
1,500
90.8
43.6
45.6
10.4

Perak
2,258,428
21,035
110
69.7
57.0
30.4
12.2

Perlis
227,025
821
280
51.4
88.4
8.0
1.2

Selangor
5,411,324
8,104
670
91.4
57.1
28.6
13.5

Terengganu
1,015,776
13,035
69
59.1
97.0
2.6
0.2

Sabah
3,117,405
73,631
42
54.0
84.8
12.8
0.3

Sarawak
2,420,009
124,450
19
53.8
74.8
24.5
0.3

FT Kuala Lumpur
1,627,172
243
6,891
100.0
45.9
43.2
10.3

FT Labuan
86,908
91
950
82.3
83.7
13.4
0.9

FT Putrajaya
67,964
49
1,400
100.0
98.0
0.7
1.2

text: Population age distribution trends for 2001–2016[edit]

text:
Year
< 15 Years (%)
15 - 64 Years (%)
> 64 Years (%)
Population (in millions)

2001
32.7
63.4
3.9
24.12

2002
31.9
64.1
4.0
24.72

2004
30.4
65.5
4.1
25.91

2005
29.7
66.1
4.2
26.48

2006
29.2
66.5
4.3
26.83

2007
28.7
66.9
4.4
27.00

2008
28.2
67.3
4.5
27.54

2009
27.7
67.7
4.6
27.90

2010
27.2
68.1
4.7
28.25

2015
24.9
69.3
5.8
31.20

2016
24.5
69.5
6.0
31.71

text: Data from July 2010.[17]

text: Structure of the population[edit]

text: Structure of the population (01.07.2011) (Estimates - Data refer to projections based on the 2000 Population Census) :[18]

text:
Age Group
Male
Female
Total
%

Total
14 523 912
14 028 800
28 552 712
100

0-4
1 257 227
1 197 893
2 455 120
8,60

5-9
1 258 724
1 200 377
2 459 101
8,61

10-14
1 407 479
1 333 133
2 740 612
9,60

15-19
1 382 650
1 298 541
2 681 191
9,39

20-24
1 305 753
1 255 439
2 561 192
8,97

25-29
1 225 425
1 202 220
2 427 645
8,50

30-34
1 156 987
1 133 836
2 290 823
8,02

35-39
1 084 255
1 055 838
2 140 093
7,50

40-44
1 021 261
980 714
2 001 975
7,01

45-49
923 951
878 655
1 802 606
6,31

50-54
780 930
741 641
1 522 571
5,33

55-59
627 320
599 062
1 226 382
4,30

60-64
440 893
421 490
862 383
3,02

65-69
276 593
276 416
553 009
1,94

70-74
180 583
198 929
379 512
1,33

75-79
104 871
127 903
232 774
0,82

80-84
56 445
73 578
130 023
0,46

85-89
22 803
31 736
54 539
0,19

90+
9 762
21 399
31 161
0,11

text:
Age group
Male
Female
Total
Percent

0-14
3 923 430
3 731 403
7 654 833
26,81

15-64
9 949 425
9 567 436
19 516 861
68,35

65+
651 057
729 961
1 381 018
4,84

text: Structure of the population (2015 estimates) :[19]

text:
Age Group
Male
Female
Total
%

Total
15 994 299
15 001 407
30 995 706
100

0-4
1 342 280
1 250 354
2 592 634
8.36

5-9
1 290 296
1 220 033
2 510 329
8.10

10-14
1 361 753
1 289 823
2 651 576
8.55

15-19
1 467 520
1 374 861
2 842 381
9.17

20-24
1 666 826
1 512 363
3 179 189
10.26

25-29
1 636 156
1 453 738
3 089 894
9.97

30-34
1 421 538
1 277 508
2 699 046
8.71

35-39
1 122 020
1 012 167
2 134 187
6.89

40-44
966 696
919 886
1 886 582
6.09

45-49
866 201
857 006
1 723 207
5.56

50-54
802 194
754 597
1 556 791
5.02

55-59
662 308
642 015
1 304 323
4.21

60-64
504 442
495 056
999 498
3.22

65-69
370 875
378 953
749 828
2.42

70-74
225 299
236 337
461 636
1.49

75-79
151 764
168 867
320 631
1.03

80-84
73 949
85 206
159 155
0.51

85-89
38 547
47 792
86 339
0.28

90-94
13 383
14 359
27 742
0.09

95+
10 252
10 486
20 738
0.07

text:
Age group
Male
Female
Total
Percent

0-14
3 994 329
3 760 210
7 754 539
25.02

15-64
11 115 901
10 299 197
21 415 098
69.09

65+
884 069
942 000
1 826 069
5.89

text: Key demographic rates[edit]

text:
Population growth rate^: 1.542% (2012 data)
Age Structure^:

0–14 years: 29.6% (male 4,118,086/female 3,884,403)
15–64 years: 65.4% (male 7,838,166/female 7,785,833)
65 years and over: 5% (male 526,967/female 667,831) (2011 est.)

Net migration rate: -0.37 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2012 est.)

note: does not reflect net flow of an unknown number of illegal immigrants from other countries in the region

Human sex ratio:

at birth: 1.07 male(s)/female
under 15 years: 1.06 male(s)/female
15–64 years: 1.03 male(s)/female
65 years and over: 0.89 male(s)/female
total population: 1.03 male(s)/female (2012 est.)

Infant mortality rate:^ 14.57 deaths/1,000 live births (2012 data)
Life expectancy at birth:

total population: 74.04 years (at 1:1 male-to-female ratio)
male: ^ 71.28 years (2012 data)
female: ^ 76.99 years (2012 data)

Total fertility rate:

2.64 children born/woman (2012 est.)

text: Data for (^) obtained from Department of Statistics releases. See notes.[21][22] All key rates sampled per 1000 of population.

text: Vital statistics[edit]

text: UN estimates [23][edit]

text:
Period
Live births per year
Deaths per year
Natural change per year
CBR1
CDR1
NC1
TFR1
IMR1

1950-1955
280 000
92 000
188 000
42.7
14.0
25.3
6.23
96.4

1955-1960
318 000
89 000
229 000
41.9
11.7
28.9
6.23
79.5

1960-1965
361 000
86 000
275 000
40.8
9.7
29.9
6.23
64.3

1965-1970
351 000
82 000
268 000
34.2
8.0
28.1
5.21
51.0

1970-1975
365 000
82 000
283 000
31.4
7.1
25.9
4.56
40.4

1975-1980
385 000
83 000
302 000
29.4
6.3
21.7
3.93
31.9

1980-1985
436 000
86 000
350 000
29.5
5.8
26.4
3.73
25.3

1985-1990
488 000
91 000
397 000
28.7
5.3
26.9
3.59
19.9

1990-1995
535 000
97 000
438 000
27.5
5.0
22.8
3.42
15.7

1995-2000
559 000
104 000
454 000
25.3
4.7
19.8
3.18
12.4

2000-2005
572 000
114 000
458 000
23.1
4.6
18.2
2.96
9.8

2005-2010
571 000
127 000
443 000
20.9
4.7
14.3
2.72
7.7

1 CBR = crude birth rate (per 1000); CDR = crude death rate (per 1000); NC = natural change (per 1000); TFR = total fertility rate (number of children per woman); IMR = infant mortality rate per 1000 births

text: Registered births and deaths[24][edit]

text:
Average population
Live births
Deaths
Natural change
Crude birth rate (per 1000)
Crude death rate (per 1000)
Natural change (per 1000)
Total fertility rate (TFR)

2009

496 315
130 135
366 178
17.7
4.6
13.0
2,329

2010
28 334
491 239
130 978
360 261
17.2
4.6
12.6
2,136

2011

511 594
135 463
376 131
17.6
4.7
12.9
2,174

2012 (p)

508 774
136 836
371 938
17.2
4.6
12.6
2,118

2013

503 914
142 202
361 712
16.7
4.7
12.0
2,0

2014
30 733
528 612
150 318
378 294
17.2
4.9
12.3
2,1

2015
31 205
521 136
155 786
365 350
16.7
5.0
11.7
2,0

text: Total fertility rate by ethnic group[25][edit]

text:
Malays
Chinese
Indians
Total

2010
2.694
1.517
1.733
2.136

2011
2.694
1.557
1.663
2.174

2012
2.743
1.719
1.579
2.188

2013
2.640
1.384
1.474
2.022

2014
2.653
1.414
1.384
2.018

2015
2.553
1.353
1.361
1.941

2016 (p)
2.482
1.345
1.337
1.892

text: Total fertility rate by state[edit]

text: Total fertility rate (TFR) by state as of 2011:[26]

text:
State
Total fertility rate 2011
Total fertility rate 2015

Putrajaya
1.44
1.37

Kuala Lumpur
1.53
1.40

Penang
1.62
1.51

Sabah
1.81
1.64

Selangor
1.96
1.82

Johor
2.18
1.88

Melaka
2.23
1.93

Sarawak
2.23
2.01

Negeri Sembilan
2.30
2.02

Perak
2.39
2.05

Pahang
2.50
2.31

Perlis
2.56
2.33

Kedah
2.61
2.37

Terengganu
3.46
2.80

Kelantan
3.77
3.07

text: Ethnolinguistic groups[edit]

text: Malaysia's population comprises many ethnic groups. People of Austronesian origin make up the majority of the population, and are known as the Bumiputras. Large Chinese and Indian minorities also exist. Malays, as Bumiputra, see Malaysia as their land, and since race riots in 1969 Bumiputra have been especially privileged in Malaysia – top government positions are reserved for Malays, and the Malays received cheaper housing, priority in government jobs as well as business licenses. However, since the riot racial stability has prevailed, if not full harmony, and mixed marriages are on the rise.[27] The following are the twenty-five largest ethnolinguistic groups in Malaysia; speakers of distinct dialects of a language may be grouped separately, for example Terengganu Malay and Kelantan Malay are grouped into East Coast Malay:[28]

text:
Group
Total

Malay
6,916,000

Kedah Malay
3,095,000

Malay, East coast
2,448,000

Han Chinese, Hokkien
1,903,000

Tamil
1,796,000

Han Chinese, Hakka
1,729,000

Han Chinese, Cantonese
1,396,000

Han Chinese, Teochew
1,004,000

Han Chinese, Mandarin
986,000

Minangkabau
901,000

Indonesian
796,000

Iban
686,000

Javanese
640,000

Filipino, Tagalog
456,000

Han Chinese, Hainanese
396,000

Han Chinese, Northern Min
384,000

Brunei Malay, Kedayan
350,000

Malay, East Malaysia
280,000

Han Chinese, Eastern Min
256,000

Straits Chinese
244,000

Nepalese
224,000

Tausug
209,000

Dusun, Central
197,000

Malayali, Malayalam
170,000

Bugis, Buginese
139,000

text: Bumiputras[edit]

text: Bumiputras totaling 68.8% of Malaysia's population as of 2017 are divided into Muslim Malays proper, who make up the majority of the Malaysian population at 54.66%; and other bumiputra, who make up 14.14% of the Malaysian population, and most of whom belong to various Austronesian Malay ethnic groups related to the Muslim Malays.[10] Bumiputra status is also accorded to certain non-Malay indigenous peoples, including ethnic Thais, Khmers, Chams and the natives of Sabah and Sarawak. Laws over who gets Bumiputra status vary between states.[29] Some Eurasians can obtain bumiputra privileges, providing they can prove they are of Portuguese (Kristang) descent.[30]

text: Malays[edit]

text: The Malays are an ethnic group predominantly inhabiting the Malay Peninsula and parts of Sumatra and Borneo. They form the largest community in Malaysia and play a dominant role politically. They make up about half of the total population. By constitutional definition, Malays are Muslims who practice Malay customs (adat) and culture.

text: Their language, Malay (Bahasa Malaysia), is the national language of the country.[31] Citizens of Minangkabau, Bugis or Javanese origins, who can be classified "Malay" under constitutional definitions may also speak their respective ancestral tongues. However, English is also widely spoken in major towns and cities across the country. Malays from different states in Malaysia carry distinct dialects that can sometimes be unintelligible to most of their fellow countrymen. By definition of the Malaysian constitution, all Malays are Muslims.

text: In the past, Malays wrote in Pallava or using the Sanskrit-based alphabet of Kawi. Arabic traders later introduced Jawi, an Arabic-based script, which became popular after the 15th century. Until then reading and writing were mostly the preserve of scholars and nobility, while most Malay commoners were illiterate. Jawi was taught along with Islam, allowing the script to spread through all social classes. Nevertheless, Kawi remained in use by the upper-class well into the 15th century. The Romanised script was introduced during the colonial period and, over time, it came to replace both Sanskrit and Jawi. This was largely due to the influence of the European education system, wherein children were taught the Latin alphabet.

text: Malay culture shows strong influences from Buddhism, Hinduism and animism. However, since the Islamisation movement of the 1980s and 90s, these aspects are often neglected or banned altogether. Because any Malay-speaking Muslim is entitled to Bumiputra privileges, many non-Malay Muslims have adopted the Malay language, customs and attire in the last few decades. This is particularly the case with Indian Muslims from the peninsula and the Kedayan of Borneo. The Malay ethnic group is distinct from the concept of a Malay race, which encompasses a wider group of people, including most of Indonesia and the Philippines.

text: Other Bumiputras[edit]

text: Malaysia has many other non-Malay indigenous people, who are given Bumiputra status. The indigenous tribes are the oldest inhabitants of Malaysia, and the indigenous groups of Peninsular Malaysia and East Malaysia are collectively known as the "Orang Asli". They account for about 11 percent of the nation's population, and represent a majority in East Malaysia of Sabah and Sarawak. In Sarawak, the dominant tribal group are the Dayak people, who are either Iban (also known as Sea Dayak) or Bidayuh (also known as Land Dayak) of which are mainly Christians. The Iban form the largest of all indigenous groups, numbering over 600,000 (35% of Sarawak's population), who mostly still live in traditional longhouses which can hold up to 200 people.[32] Longhouses are mostly places along the Rajang and Lupar rivers and their tributaries, although many Iban have moved to the cities. The Bidayuhs, numbering around 170,000, are concentrated in the southwestern part of Sarawak. They, together with other indigenous groups in Sarawak make up over half of the states population.[10]

text: The largest indigenous tribe in Sabah is the Kadazan, most of whom are Christians[33] and rice farmers.[34] They live as substinence farmers. Sabah has a large amount of indigenous people, 28% of the population are Kadazan-Dusuns, and 17% are Bajaus.[10]

text: There also exist aboriginal groups in much smaller numbers on the peninsula, where they are collectively known as Orang Asli (literally meaning "original person").[35] The 140,000 Orang Asli comprise a number of different ethnic communities. Many tribes, both on the peninsula and in Borneo, were traditionally nomadic or semi-nomadic hunter—gatherers who practice animism, including the Punan, Penan and Senoi. However, their ancestral land and hunting grounds are commonly reclaimed by the state, shifting them to inferior land and sometimes pushing them out of their traditional way of life.[36] The most numerous of the Orang Asli are called Negritos and are related to native Papuans in West Papua, Indonesia and Papua New Guinea, and possibly even to the aborigines in Australia. Other bumiputera minorities to a lesser degree include the Malaysian Siamese, Khmers, Chams, Burmese and the Indian Muslims commonly known as Mamaks.

text: Non-Bumiputras[edit]

text: Minorities who lack Bumiputra status have established themselves in Malaysia. Those who are not considered to be Bumiputras make up a considerable portion of the Malaysian population – non-Malays once constituted around 50% of the population of peninsula Malaya (1947–1957), but have since declined in percentage term due to a higher birthrate of Malays as well as some degree of out-migration by the Chinese.[5] A large number of the non-Bumiputra arrived during the colonial period, but most of the non-Bumiputras were native-born by 1947 as large-scale immigration had effectively ceased by the late 1940s.[5] Some Chinese families, known as Peranakan ("straits-born"), have resided in Malaysia since as far back as 15th century Malacca.

text: Chinese[edit]

text: The second largest ethnic group at 6.66 million are the Chinese who make up 23.2% of the population excluding non-citizens as of 2017.[37] They have been dominant in trade and business since the early 20th century. Malaysian Chinese businesses developed as part of the larger bamboo network, a network of overseas Chinese businesses operating in the markets of Southeast Asia that share common family and cultural ties.[38] George Town and Ipoh are Chinese-majority cities,[39] while Penang is the only state in Malaysia with a non-Bumiputera majority population. The Chinese have been settling in Malaysia for many centuries, as seen in the emergence of the Peranakan culture, but the exodus peaked during the nineteenth century through trading and tin-mining. When they first arrived, the Chinese often worked the most grueling jobs like tin mining and railway construction. Later on, some of them owned businesses that became large conglomerates in today's Malaysia. Most Chinese are Tao Buddhist and retain strong cultural ties to their ancestral homeland.

text: The first Chinese people to settle in the Straits Settlements, primarily in and around Malacca, gradually adopted elements of Malayan culture, and some intermarried with the Malayan community. A distinct sub-ethnic group called babas (male) and nyonyas (female) emerged. Babas and nyonyas as a group are known as Peranakan. They produced a syncretic set of practices, beliefs, and arts, combining Malay and Chinese traditions in such a way as to create a new culture. The Peranakan culture is still visible to this day in the former Straits Settlements of Singapore, Malacca and Penang.

text: The Chinese community in Malaysia, depending on the predominant dialect in a particular region, speaks a variety of Chinese dialects including Mandarin, Hokkien, Cantonese, Hakka and Teochew. In certain regions in Malaysia, some dialects are more widely used; Hokkien predominates in Penang and Kedah, while most Chinese in the former centres of tin mining, such as Ipoh and Kuala Lumpur, speak Cantonese. More recently, however, with the standardised, compulsory use of Mandarin in Chinese schools, a huge majority of Malaysian Chinese now speak Mandarin, a non-native language that originated from northern China.

text: On the other hand, it was reported that up to 10% of Malaysian Chinese are primarily English-speaking.[40] The English-speaking Chinese minority is typically concentrated in cities such as Kuala Lumpur, Petaling Jaya, George Town, Ipoh and Malacca. The English speakers form a distinct subset within the larger Chinese community, as they are known to have a less Sinocentric mindset, and are rather Westernized in thinking and attitudes.

text: Indian[edit]

text: The 2.01 million strong Indian community in Malaysia is the smallest of the three main ethnic groups, comprising only 7.0% of the total population excluding non-citizens as of 2017.[37] Indians were brought in to Malaysia during the British colonial period in late 18th century and early 19th centuries.[41] They first came to Malaya for barter trade, especially in the former Straits Settlements of Singapore, Malacca and Penang. During the British colonial rule, Indian labourers, who were mostly Tamils and Telugus from Tamil Nadu, Andhra Pradesh and lesser so from Kerala in the South of India were brought to Malaya to work on sugarcane and coffee plantations, rubber and oil palm estates, construction of buildings, railways, roads and bridges.[42] English-educated Ceylon Tamils from Ceylon (now Sri Lanka), and Malayalees (from Kerela) were brought in to handle white-collar jobs. Kerela had the first mission schools in India and as such produced english educated administrators. Both ethnicities worked mainly as clerks, public servants, teachers, hospital assistants, doctors and in other skilled professions.[43][44][45] As for the Punjabis from Punjab, most of them where enlisted in the army in Malaya while some handled the bullock-cart services in the country.[46][47]

text: The South Asians that came to Malaysia followed Hinduism, Islam and Sikhism. Hindu religion with its unique temples Kovils and Gurdwaras, Tamil cuisine and colourful garments. More than 85% of Malaysian Indians adhere to Hinduism. The Chitty community in Malacca are descendants of much earlier Indian immigrants who adopted local culture. Though they remain Hindu, the Chitties speak Bahasa Malaysia and women dress in sarong kebayas. The Hindu community celebrates two main festivals — Deepavali and Thaipusam — and many other smaller religious events each year. The ethnic Malayalees from Kerela celebrate the Onam festival (new year) and Vishu. The ethnic Punjabis celebrate Vasakhi, Lodi and Gurpurab. Majority of the Indians in Malaysia mainly speak Tamil while Telugu, Malayalam and Punjabi are also spoken. Some other South Asian Muslims mostly from Pakistan and Bangladesh have intermarried with the local Malay Muslims and have integrated with the Malays to a certain degree. Indian Muslims are commonly known as Mamak people in Malaysia and have recently gained Bumiputera status recognition in 2017.

text: Others[edit]

text: A small minority of Malaysians do not fit into the broader ethnic groups. A small population exists of people of European and Middle Eastern descent. Europeans and Middle Easterners, who first arrived during the colonial period, assimilated through intermarriage into the Christian and Muslim communities. Most Eurasian Malaysians trace their ancestry to British, Dutch and/or Portuguese colonists, and there is a strong Kristang community in Malacca.

text: The Madhesi Nepalese are mostly migrant workers from Nepal totalling 356,199 [48][49][50] of which Malaysian Citizens are as little over 600 and lives in Rawang, Selangor. Originally brought by the British as bodyguards and security personnel, Nepali population consist of Rana, Chettri, Rai and Gurung clans. Other minorities include Filipinos and Burmese. A small number of ethnic Vietnamese from Cambodia and Vietnam settled in Malaysia as Vietnam War refugees.

text: There is no general consensus on the ethnic profiling of children of mixed parentage. Some choose to be identified according to paternal ethnicity while others simply think that they fall in the "Others" category. The majority choose to identify themselves as Malay as long as either parent is Malay, mainly due to the legal definition of Bumiputra and the privileges that comes along with it. Children of Chinese–Indian parentage are known as Chindians. Though this is not an official category in national census data, it is an increasing number especially in urban areas due to the increasing ethnic Chinese-Indian relationships.

text: Languages[edit]

text: Malaysia contains speakers of 137 living languages,[51] 41 of which are found in Peninsula Malaysia.[52] The official language of Malaysia is known as Bahasa Malaysia, a standardised form of the Malay language.[31] English was, for a protracted period, the de facto, administrative language of Malaysia, though its status was later rescinded. Despite that, English remains an active second language in many areas of Malaysian society and is taught as a compulsory subject in all public schools.[53][54] Many businesses in Malaysia conduct their transactions in English, and it is sometimes used in official correspondence. Examinations are based on British English, although there has been much American influence through television.

text: Malaysian English, also known as Malaysian Standard English (MySE), is a form of English derived from British English, although there is little official use of the term, except with relation to education. Malaysian English also sees wide use in business, along with Manglish, which is a colloquial form of English with heavy Malay, Chinese languages and Tamil influences. Most Malaysians are conversant in English, although some are only fluent in the Manglish form. The Malaysian government officially discourages the use of Manglish.[55]

text: Malaysian Chinese mostly speak Chinese languages from the southern provinces of China. The more common languages in Peninsular Malaysia are Hokkien, Cantonese, Hakka, Teochew, Hainanese, and Hokchiu.[56] In Sarawak, most ethnic Chinese speak either Foochow or Hakka while Hakka predominates in Sabah except in the city of Sandakan where Cantonese is more often spoken despite the Hakka-origins of the Chinese residing there. Hokkien is mostly spoken in Penang and Kedah whereas Cantonese is mostly spoken in Ipoh and Kuala Lumpur. However, in Malaysia as a whole, the majority of ethnic Chinese now speak Standard Mandarin, a non-native language from northern China (originally spoken by the Beijing elite and chosen as the official language of China), as their first language, while English is the first language for the rest. Some of the less-spoken languages such as Hainanese are facing extinction. As with Malaysian youths of other races, most Chinese youth are multilingual and can speak up to four languages with at least moderate fluency – their native Chinese language, Mandarin, English and Malay.

text: Tamil is the most common language spoken among Indians in Malaysia,[57] especially in Peninsular Malaysia where they still maintain close cultural ties with their homeland Tamilnadu & Ceylon . This is because there are far fewer Indians in East Malaysia than in the Peninsula. Besides Tamil, Telugu is also spoken by the Telugu community. Malayalam Language is used by the Malayalee ethnic group. Punjabi is widely used In the city of Ipoh. This language is also used in Klang Valley. Besides that, Sinhalese is used by the ethnic group from Sri Lanka.

text: Citizens of Minangkabau, Bugis or Javanese origins, who can be classified "Malay" under constitutional definitions may also speak their respective ancestral tongues. The native tribes of East Malaysia have their own languages which are related to, but easily distinguishable from, Malay. The Iban is the main tribal language in Sarawak while Dusunic languages are spoken by the natives in Sabah.[58] A variant of the Malay language that is spoken in Brunei is also commonly spoken in both states.

text: Some Malaysians have Caucasian ancestry and speak creole languages, such as the Portuguese-based Malaccan Creoles,[59] and the Spanish-based Zamboangueño Chavacano.[60] Thai is also spoken in some areas.[10]

text: Citizenship[edit]

text: Citizenship is usually granted by lex soli.[61] Citizenship in the states of Sabah and Sarawak in Malaysian Borneo are distinct from citizenship in Peninsular Malaysia for immigration purposes. Every citizen is issued a biometric smart chip identity card, known as MyKad, at the age of 12, and must carry the card at all times.[62]

text: Religion[edit]

text: Islam is the largest and state religion of Malaysia, although Malaysia is a multi-religious society and the Malaysian constitution guarantees religious freedom. Despite the recognition of Islam as the state religion, the first 4 prime ministers have stressed that Malaysia could function as a secular state. According to the Population and Housing Census 2000 figures, approximately 60.4 percent of the population practised Islam; 19.2 percent Buddhism; 9.1 percent Christianity; 6.3 percent Hinduism; and 2.6 percent practise Confucianism, Taoism and other traditional Chinese religions. The remainder was accounted for by other faiths, including animism, folk religion, and Sikhism while 0.9% either reported having no religion or did not provide any information.[7][63]

text: The majority of Malaysian Indians follow Hinduism (84.5%), with a significant minority identifying as Christians (7.7%), Sikhs (3.9%), Muslims (3.8%), and 1,000 Jains. Most Malaysian Chinese follow a combination of Buddhism, Taoism, Confucianism and ancestor-worship but, when pressed to specify their religion, will identify themselves as Buddhists. Statistics from the 2000 Census indicate that 75.9% of Malaysia's ethnic Chinese identify as Buddhist, with significant numbers of adherents following Taoism (10.6%) and Christianity (9.6%), along with small Hui-Muslim populations in areas like Penang.[63] Christianity constitutes a slim majority of the non-Malay Bumiputra community (50.1%) with an additional 36.3% identifying as Muslims while 7.3% follow folk religion.[63]

text: Islam[edit]

text: Islam is thought to have been brought to Malaysia around the 12th century by Arab traders.[64] Since then the religion has become the predominant religion of the country and is recognised as the state's official religion. All ethnic Malays are considered Muslim by Article 160 of the Constitution of Malaysia.[65]

text: Muslims are obliged to follow the decisions of Syariah courts in matters concerning their religion. The Islamic judges are expected to follow the Shafi`i legal school of Islam, which is the main madh'hab of Malaysia.[66] The jurisdiction of Shariah courts is limited only to Muslims in matters such as marriage, inheritance, divorce, apostasy, religious conversion, and custody among others. No other criminal or civil offences are under the jurisdiction of the Shariah courts, which have a similar hierarchy to the Civil Courts. Despite being the supreme courts of the land, the Civil Courts (including the Federal Court) do not hear matters related to Islamic practices,[67] as ratified by Tun Dr Mahathir Mohamad in the late 1980s. Regulation of sexual activities among the Muslim population is strict; with laws prohibiting unmarried couples from occupying a secluded area or a confined space to prevent suspicion of acts forbidden in Islam.[68]

text: Education[edit]

text: Literacy rates (percentage of people over 15 who can read and write) are high in Malaysia, with an overall Literacy rate of 88.7%.[69] Literacy rates are higher among males (92%) than females (85.4%)

text: Education in Malaysia is monitored by the federal government Ministry of Education.[70] The education system features a non-compulsory kindergarten education followed by six years of compulsory primary education,[8] and five years of optional secondary education.[citation needed] Most Malaysian children start schooling between the ages of three to six, in kindergarten.

text: Primary education[edit]

text: Children begin primary schooling at the age of seven for a period of six years. Primary schools are divided into two categories, national primary schools and vernacular school.[71] Vernacular schools (Sekolah Jenis Kebangsaan) use either Chinese or Tamil as the medium of instruction, whereas national primary schools (Sekolah Kebangsaan) uses Bahasa Malaysia as the medium of instruction for subjects except English, Science and Mathematics.

text: Before progressing to the secondary level of education, pupils in Year 6 are required to sit the Primary School Achievement Test (Ujian Pencapaian Sekolah Rendah, UPSR).[72] A programme called First Level Assessment (Penilaian Tahap Satu, PTS) taken during Primary Year 3 was abolished in 2001.

text: Secondary education[edit]

text: Secondary education in Malaysia is conducted in secondary schools (Sekolah Menengah Kebangsaan) for five years. National secondary schools use Malay as the main language of instruction. The only exceptions are Mathematics and Science and languages other than Malay, however this was only implemented in 2003, prior to which all non-language subjects were taught in Malay. At the end of Form Three, which is the third year, students are evaluated in the Form Three Assessment ("Pentaksiran Tingkatan Tiga", PT3). Secondary students no longer sit for PMR in Form Three that has been abolished in 2014. In the final year of secondary education (Form Five), students sit the Malaysian Certificate of Education (Sijil Pelajaran Malaysia, SPM) examination, which is equivalent to the former British Ordinary or 'O' Levels. The government has decided to abandon the use of English in teaching maths and science and revert to Bahasa Malaysia, starting in 2012.[73]

text: Malaysian national secondary schools are sub-divided into several types: National Secondary School (Sekolah Menengah Kebangsaan), Religious Secondary School (Sekolah Menengah Agama), National-Type Secondary School (Sekolah Menengah Jenis Kebangsaan) (also referred to as Mission Schools), Technical Schools (Sekolah Menengah Teknik), Residential Schools and MARA Junior Science College (Maktab Rendah Sains MARA).

text: There are also 60 Chinese Independent High Schools in Malaysia, where most subjects are taught in Chinese. Chinese Independent High Schools are monitored and standardised by the United Chinese School Committees' Association of Malaysia (UCSCAM). However, unlike government schools, independent schools are autonomous. It takes six years to complete secondary education in Chinese independent schools. Students will sit a standardised test conducted by UCSCAM, which is known as the Unified Examination Certificate (UEC) in Junior Middle 3 (equivalent to PMR) and Senior Middle 3 (equivalent to A level). A number of independent schools conduct classes in Malay and English in addition to Chinese, enabling the students to sit the PMR and SPM additionally.

text: Tertiary education[edit]

text: Before the introduction of the matriculation system, students aiming to enter public universities had to complete an additional 18 months of secondary schooling in Form Six and sit the Malaysian Higher School Certificate (Sijil Tinggi Persekolahan Malaysia, STPM); equivalent to the British Advanced or 'A' levels.[74] Since the introduction of the matriculation programme as an alternative to STPM in 1999, students who completed the 12-month programme in matriculation colleges (kolej matrikulasi in Malay) can enrol in local universities. However, in the matriculation system, only 10 per cent of the places are open to non-Bumiputra students.[75]

text: There are a number of government-funded public universities in Malaysia, the most prominent of them being University of Malaya. Although the ethnic quota system favouring Malays at such universities was abolished in 2002, disparity of student intake still exists in these universities with underrepresentation of non-Bumiputras.[76] Instead, private universities have sprung up to cater to the local population. These private universities are also gaining a reputation for international quality education and students from all over the world attend these universities. In addition, four reputable international universities have set up their branch campuses in Malaysia since 1998. A branch campus can be seen as an ‘offshore campus’ of the foreign university, which offers the same courses and awards as the main campus. Both local and international students can acquire these identical foreign qualifications in Malaysia at a lower fee. The foreign university branch campuses in Malaysia are: Monash University Malaysia Campus, Curtin University, Malaysia, Swinburne University of Technology Sarawak Campus and University of Nottingham Malaysia Campus.

text: Students also have the option of enrolling in private tertiary institutions after secondary studies. Most institutions have educational links with overseas universities especially in the United States, the United Kingdom and Australia, allowing students to spend a portion of their course duration abroad as well as getting overseas qualifications. One such example is Tunku Abdul Rahman University College which partnered with Sheffield Hallam University and Coventry University.[77]

text: International schools[edit]

text: In addition to the Malaysian National Curriculum, Malaysia has many international schools such as The International School Kuala Lumpur, Alice Smith School, Gardens International School, Cempaka Schools Malaysia, Kolej Tuanku Ja'afar...etc. These schools cater to the growing expatriate population in the country and the Malaysians who want a foreign curriculum, UK based curriculum, English education or Australian curriculum as well.

text: Health[edit]

text: The Malaysian government places importance on the expansion and development of health care, putting 5% of the government social sector development budget into public health care[78]—an increase of more than 47% over the previous figure. This has meant an overall increase of more than RM 2 billion. With a rising and ageing population, the Government wishes to improve in many areas including the refurbishment of existing hospitals, building and equipping new hospitals, expansion of the number of polyclinics, and improvements in training and expansion of telehealth. A major problem with the health care sector is the lack of medical centres for rural areas, which the government is trying to counter through the development of and expansion of a system called "tele-primary care".[79] Another issue is the overperscription of drugs, though this has decreased in recent years.[80] Since 2009 the Malaysian Health Ministry has increased its efforts to overhaul the system and attract more foreign investment.[78]

text: The country generally has an efficient and widespread system of health care. It implements a universal healthcare system, which co-exists with the private healthcare system.[79] Infant mortality rate in 2009 was 6 deaths per 1000 births, and life expectancy at birth in 2009 was 75 years.[81] Malaysia has the highest levels of obesity among ASEAN countries.[82][83]

text: The Malaysian health care system requires doctors to perform a compulsory three years service with public hospitals to ensure that the manpower in these hospitals is maintained.[79] Recently foreign doctors have also been encouraged to take up employment in Malaysia. There is still, however, a significant shortage in the medical workforce, especially of highly trained specialists; thus, certain medical care and treatment are available only in large cities. Recent efforts to bring many facilities to other towns have been hampered by lack of expertise to run the available equipment.

text: The majority of private hospitals are in urban areas and, unlike many of the public hospitals, are equipped with the latest diagnostic and imaging facilities. Private hospitals have not generally been seen as an ideal investment—it has often taken up to ten years before companies have seen any profits. However, the situation has now changed and companies are now exploring this area again, corresponding with the increased number of foreigners entering Malaysia for medical care and the recent government focus on developing the health tourism industry.[84] The Government has also been trying to promote Malaysia as a health care destination, regionally and internationally.[78]

text: Major cities[edit]

text: Kuala Lumpur is the capital and largest city of Malaysia. Although many executive and judicial branches of the federal government have moved to Putrajaya, Kuala Lumpur is the seat of the Parliament of Malaysia, making it the country's legislative capital. It is also the economic and business centre of the country, and is a primate city. Kuala Lumpur is also rated as a global city, and is the only global city in Malaysia. Along with Subang Jaya, Klang, Petaling Jaya, Shah Alam, Kajang-Sungai Chua, Ampang Jaya and Selayang it forms the country's largest and most important urban area, the Klang Valley.

text: Penang Island, with its capital city George Town, is the second largest city, with an estimated 710,000 inhabitants as of 2010. It used to be Malaysia's largest and only city until the 1970s when Kuala Lumpur became the capital. Today, the city serves as the economic, financial, logistics and medical tourism hub in the northern region of Malaysia. Together with surrounding towns including Bayan Lepas, Balik Pulau, Butterworth, Sungai Petani, Kulim and Bandar Baharu, it forms the Greater Penang conurbation, the second largest metropolitan area in the country with a population of over 2.5 million.

text: Johor Bahru is the third largest urban area in the country. It is situated next to Singapore, and receives more than 60% of the country's annual 16 million foreign tourists. The city is also an important industrial, tourism and commercial hub for southern Malaysia.

text: Other major cities in Malaysia include Ipoh, Kota Kinabalu and Kuching.

text:
Largest cities of Malaysia (2010)[85]

Kuala Lumpur

George Town

Rank
City
State
Population

view
talk
edit

Ipoh

Petaling Jaya

1
Kuala Lumpur
 Federal Territories
1,588,750

2
George Town
 Penang
708,127

3
Ipoh
 Perak
657,892

4
Petaling Jaya
 Selangor
613,977

5
Shah Alam
 Selangor
541,306

6
Johor Bahru
 Johor
497,067

7
Melaka
 Melaka
484,885

8
Kota Kinabalu
 Sabah
452,058

9
Alor Setar
 Kedah
405,523

10
Kuala Terengganu
 Terengganu
337,553


document_title: Madden NFL 18

question_text: when is madden 18 coming out for xbox 360

root

text: Madden NFL 18

text: Gameplay[edit]

text: Madden NFL 18 is the first game in the series to use the Frostbite engine.[3]

tag: p

text: While the Madden series has typically featured a Superstar career mode, Madden NFL 18 introduces a story mode known as Longshot, the first such mode in the series.[4] Longshot follows Devin Wade, a quarterback from Mathis, Texas, as he tries to reach the NFL, and includes high school and college football games (the first appearance of the latter in an EA Sports game since 2013, when EA ended the NCAA Football series), as well as the NFL Scouting Combine.[5][6][7] The player's decisions and performances in the game determine Devin's career path, as dialog trees are used to help him make decisions.[8]

text: Madden NFL 18 also included many subtle game-play changes. One of the major changes was a new element to the overall difficulty of a game, introducing "game styles".[9] Game styles were an attempt to create a more enjoyable experience to the player, allowing them to choose (excluding Madden Ultimate Team solo challenges) one of three game styles to fit their enjoyment. The first game style was arcade mode, which was made for players who like an easy experience. Arcade mode made the game much easier for the user. The second game style was simulation mode. This game style was an attempt to make the game-play feel like an authentic NFL game.[10] This brought the difficulty up from arcade mode, but wasn't as intense as the third and final game style, competitive. This was created for the hard-core Madden players, making the AI increadibly skilled, and making game-play incredibly difficult.[11]

text: More minor game-play changes included the addition of Target Passing, a new game-play element when attempting a pass. The goal of this new feature was to give the user more control over the game and have more confidence in the pass going where it was intended to go. [12]

text: Other changes/additions included the creation of MUT Squads[13], and coaching adjustments in-game.[14]

text: Longshot plot[edit]

text: Quarterback Devin Wade, along with childhood friend and wide receiver Colton "Colt" Cruise, visit Indianapolis to participate in the NFL Regional Combine. There, Devin's performance catches the attention of TV producers Ross Fountain and Julia Vasco, who want him to be the star of a series titled Longshot, which would follow the story of a player with low odds of making it into the NFL and turn him into an NFL Draftee, receiving the assistance of coach Jack Ford, the presenter of the program. Devin and Colt leave without an answer to think. On the drive home, Devin reminisces about his successful high school career before his struggles at the University of Texas, which he left after just four games following his father's death in a car accident. To Devin, Colt, and Julia's surprise, Ross arranges for three other quarterbacks to compete with him on the show. Although Jack urges Ross to select another quarterback due to Devin's inability to call plays, Ross forces Jack to choose him for his better marketing potential and guilt tripping him by mentioning Devin's deceased parents.

text: Annoyed by what he considers boring television, Ross arranges an exhibition match for Devin in front of NFL scouts, scheduled to take place in two weeks. Devin is worried about the game, but Colt, who had been invited to the NFL Super Regional Combine, instead decides to join the show and help him. At a press conference the day before the game, Devin's confidence is shattered by questions about where he had disappeared after his Texas career. Devin asks Ross to postpone the game, but he and Julia are fired. Jack attempts to persuade Devin to stay, but he and Colt drive home.

text: In Texas, Colt tells Devin he is tired of helping him, only for Devin to quit whenever the situation proves to be too difficult. Devin starts working at his friend's construction business, where his coworkers and former Mathis teammates remember their high school days. That night, Devin is still working against his friends' interests as a Mathis High School football ceremony is taking place. Colt eventually arrives and makes amends with Devin. After the ceremony, Julia visits the two and convinces them to rejoin the show.

text: Returning to the Longshot studios, Devin reunites with Jack and apologizes for leaving, while Jack does so for failing to properly train him. At the meeting, the chairman of the TV network that Longshot is on, declares Ross' behavior onscreen inappropriate and allows the player to choose whether to demote or fire him. Following said meeting, Jack introduces Devin to his good friend, former Miami Dolphins great Dan Marino, who further coaches Devin. The two visit a military base in Dubai in the United Arab Emirates, where Devin was stationed after enlisting in the Army following his time at Texas. There, Captain McCarthy explains he had helped Devin rediscover his love for football.

text: For the Legends Game, Devin's team is to progress through five challenges, with the first three based on moving the offense downfield from certain starting yard lines in an allotted time frame. In the fourth, Devin has to complete a scoring drive without throwing a pass to Colt. For the final challenge, rain falls on the stadium as Devin faces a 3rd and 15 situation, an atmosphere resembling his final game at Texas. After scoring, Devin is greeted by the cheers of Longhorn fans, having finally redeemed himself.

text: Devin and Colt's NFL futures vary based on the player's behavior in the Legends Game.[15] There are two possible endings related to the Draft: Devin gets drafted by his favorite team (which the player picked earlier in the game), or Colt gets drafted by Devin's favorite team's rival and Devin is undrafted.[16] In the former, Devin is selected in the seventh round, but Colt is not drafted. Devin tries to encourage him, but Colt tells him to enjoy the feeling. Devin leaves the house and shouts in glee before stopping to remember his childhood.

text: In the undrafted ending, Colt is drafted in the sixth round, but apologizes to Devin out of disbelief. As the seventh round concludes, Devin is not drafted and leaves the house, where he vents his frustration and sits on the porch. A flashback to his childhood days with his father takes place, where Cutter tells him while victory does not always occur, if one gives it their best, they have the right to feel like a winner. However, Dan calls Devin to announce two teams have expressed interest in signing him as an undrafted free agent: his favorite team and Colt's team. After telling Colt of his new team, the two celebrate.

text: Standing on his porch, Devin receives a text from Jack, who congratulates and thanks him for allowing him to be his coach. Devin returns to his room and looks at his Texas cap on the desk, telling his father he finally had something to be proud of before placing his NFL team's cap with it.

text: Development[edit]

text: Like Madden NFL 17, EA did not hold an open vote for who would appear on the cover, but personally selected and announced New England Patriots quarterback Tom Brady in May 2017. EA Sports marketed the game with a trailer featuring Brady's entrance to Super Bowl LI.[17] Madden NFL 18 was released on August 25, 2017 for the PlayStation 4 and Xbox One.[18][19][20] It was first game in the series not to be released on Xbox 360 since Madden NFL 06 and the first not to be released on PlayStation 3 since Madden NFL 07. The soundtrack for the game, which features 40 songs, includes Kendrick Lamar, Big Sean, Imagine Dragons, Steve Aoki, Waka Flocka Flame, Pharrell, Snoop Dogg, Young Jeezy, Rick Ross, Big Boi, Killer Mike, and ASAP Rocky among others.[21]

text: Written by EA Sports creative director Mike Young,[15] Longshot is split into three acts, the first discussing the Regional Combine, while the second and third follow the Longshot TV show and Devin's return, respectively.[22] While Longshot is comparable to story modes in other games like NBA 2K's MyCareer and FIFA's The Journey, Longshot is different in that the protagonist is not a rising star in their respective sport, but is instead a fringe player. Young described the story as like a "playable movie", rather than a "career mode with cutscenes".[4]

text: To develop Longshot, EA Sports used motion capture on the actors. Devin is portrayed by JR Lemon, a former Stanford Cardinal football player and member of the Oakland Raiders, while Academy Award winner Mahershala Ali plays Devin's father Cutter. Colt is played by Scott Porter, a cast member in the TV series Friday Night Lights and ex-high school football player.[23] Ross and Julia are portrayed by Ricky Wayne and Marem Hassler, respectively.[24] Rus Blackwell plays Jack;[23] Bill Cowher, who was originally considered for Jack's role,[25] along with former players like Marino, Chad Johnson, and Larry English are also involved in the story.[23] United States Army soldier and former Texas Longhorns long snapper Nate Boyer appears in the story as Captain McCarthy.[24] Like Boyer, Devin is a Texas Longhorn and soldier, which Boyer pointed out was a coincidence; an ESPN documentary about the long snapper was also named The Long Shot.[15] Unlike other characters, Jim Miller and Pat Kirwan appear in the game as live action analysts for the fictional Real Football show,[26] as do players Kirk Cousins and Josh Norman in Twitter videos.

text: NHL player Theoren Fleury and Phil Deschambault wrote the song "Longshot" for the story.[27] Colt also writes and performs the song in the game.[8]

text: Reception[edit]

text:
Reception

Aggregate score

Aggregator
Score

Metacritic
(XONE) 82/100[28]
(PS4) 82/100[29]

Review scores

Publication
Score

Destructoid
7/10[30]

EGM
7/10[31]

Game Informer
8.25/10[32]

Game Revolution
[33]

GameSpot
9/10[34]

GamesRadar
[35]

IGN
8.6/10[36]

Polygon
8/10[37]

tag: table

text: Madden NFL 18 received "generally favorable" reviews from critics, according to review aggregator Metacritic.

text: The new game mode Longshot, however, was met with a mixed reception, with some calling it "game changing" and praising the story, while others referred to it as an "ambitious disappointment" and criticized the lack of actual football gameplay in the mode.[33][35] In its 8.6/10 review, IGN wrote: "The shift to Frostbite doesn't refresh Madden NFL 18's gameplay much, but Longshot is a memorable single-player mode."[36] EGMNow gave the game a 7/10, writing: "Although the new Longshot mode shines, Madden misses the mark with a few of its gameplay additions this year—so if you don't immediately take a liking to them and choose to ignore them, the experience will feel a lot like last year's."[31]

text: Accolades[edit]

text: The game won the award for "Best Fantasy Team Mode" at Game Informer's 2017 Sports Game of the Year Awards,[38] and was nominated for "Sports Game of the Year" at the upcoming 21st Annual D.I.C.E. Awards.[39] Longshot was nominated for Outstanding Achievement in Videogame Writing at the upcoming Writers Guild of America Awards 2017.[40]


document_title: William Francis Deegan

question_text: who is the major deegan expressway named after

text: William Francis Deegan

text: William Francis Deegan (December 28, 1882 – April 3, 1932) was an architect, organizer of the American Legion, major in the Army Corps of Engineers, and Democratic political leader in New York City.[1][2]

text: Biography[edit]

text: He was born on December 28, 1882 to Irish immigrants. He studied architecture at Cooper Union and at age 35 served in World War I as a staff officer in the 105th Field Artillery.[3]

text: Deegan later joined the United States Army Corps of Engineers as a major, where he supervised the construction of military bases in the New York area under the command of General George W. Goethals.[1] After the war he helped organize the American Legion in 1919, advancing to State Commander in 1921.[1] Deegan worked as an architect at a number of distinguished firms, including McKim, Mead, and White; Post, Magnicke and Franke; and Starrett and Van Vieck.[1][3] Later in life he held a number of political positions, most of them in the Bronx.[1] Deegan was President of the Bronx Chamber of Commerce until the chamber grew critical of Mayor Jimmy Walker, at which point he resigned. In 1928, Mayor Walker appointed him Tenement House Commissioner of New York City – a post he was to hold for the rest of his life[1] – and in 1930, Chairman of the Mayor's Committee on Receptions to Distinguished Guests, or "official greeter", a job in which he was preceded by his friend Rodman Wanamaker and eventually succeeded by Grover Whalen.

text: Deegan died following an appendectomy on April 3, 1932.[2][3]

text: Legacy[edit]

text: At the time of his death, a new road was being built from the Triborough Bridge to the Grand Concourse. This was renamed and expanded in 1956[1] into the Major Deegan Expressway section of I-87 in the Bronx, which retains his name.


document_title: The Lorax

question_text: what kind of trees does the lorax try to save

text: The Lorax

text: Plot[edit]

text: A boy living in a polluted area visits a strange isolated man called the Once-ler on the Street of the Lifted Lorax. The boy pays the Once-ler fifteen cents, a nail, and the shell of a great-great-great grandfather snail to hear the legend of how the Lorax was lifted and taken away.

text: The Once-ler tells the boy of his arrival in a beautiful valley containing a forest of Truffula trees and a range of animals. The Once-ler, having long searched for such a tree as the Truffula, chops one down and uses its silk-like foliage to knit a Thneed, an impossibly versatile garment. The Lorax, who "speaks for the trees" as they have no tongues, emerges from the stump of the Truffula and voices his disapproval both of the sacrifice of the tree and of the Thneed itself. However, the first other person to happen by purchases the Thneed for $3.98, so the Once-ler is encouraged and starts a business making and selling Thneeds.

text: The Once-ler's small shop soon grows into a factory. The Once-ler's relatives all come to work for him and new vehicles and equipment are brought in to log the Truffula forest and ship out Thneeds. The Lorax appears again to report that the small bear-like Bar-ba-loots, who eat Truffula fruits, are short of food and must be sent away to find more. The Lorax later returns to complain that the factory has polluted the air and the water, forcing the Swanee-Swans and Humming-Fish to migrate as well. The Once-ler is unrepentant and defiantly tells the Lorax that he will keep on "biggering" his business, but at that moment one of his machines fells the very last Truffula tree.

text: Without raw materials, the factory shuts down and the Once-ler's relatives leave. The Lorax says nothing but with one sad backward glance lifts himself into the air "by the seat of his pants" and disappears behind the smoggy clouds. Where he last stood is a small monument engraved with a single word: "UNLESS". The Once-ler ponders the message for years, in solitude and self-imposed exile.

text: In the present, his buildings falling apart around him, the Once-ler at last realizes out loud what the Lorax meant: "Unless someone like you cares a whole awful lot, nothing is going to get better. It's not." He then gives the boy the last Truffula seed and urges him to grow a forest from it, saying that, if the trees can be protected from logging, then the Lorax and all of his friends may come back.

text: Reception[edit]

text: Based on a 2007 online poll, the National Education Association named The Lorax one of its "Teachers' Top 100 Books for Children".[3] In 2012 it was ranked number 33 among the "Top 100 Picture Books" in a survey published by School Library Journal – the second of five Dr. Seuss books on the list.[1]

text: In a retrospective critique written in the journal Nature in 2011 upon the 40th anniversary of the book's publication, Emma Marris described the Lorax character as a "parody of a misanthropic ecologist". She called the book "gloomy" and expressed skepticism that its message would resonate with small children in the manner intended. Nevertheless, she praised the book as effective in conveying the consequences of ecological destruction in a way that young children will understand.[4]

text: Controversy[edit]

text: In 1988, a small school district in California kept the book on a reading list for second graders, though some in the town claimed the book was unfair to the logging industry.[5][6]

text: Terri Birkett, a member of a family-owned hardwood flooring factory, authored The Truax,[7] offering a logging-friendly perspective to an anthropomorphic tree known as the Guardbark. This book was published by the National Oak Flooring Manufacturers' Association (NOFMA). Just as in The Lorax, the book consists of a disagreement between two people. The logging industry representative states that they have efficiency and re-seeding efforts. The Guardbark, a personification of the environmentalist movement much as the Once-ler is for big business, refuses to listen and lashes out. But in the end, he is convinced by the logger's arguments. However, this story was criticized for what were viewed as skewed arguments and clear self-interest, particularly a "casual attitude toward endangered species" that answered the Guardbark's concern for them. In addition, the book's approach as a more blatant argument, rather than one worked into a storyline, was also noted.[8][9][10]

text: The line "I hear things are just as bad up in Lake Erie" was removed more than fourteen years after the story was published, after two research associates from the Ohio Sea Grant Program wrote to Seuss about the clean-up of Lake Erie.[11] The line remains in the home video releases of the television special and in the audiobook read by Rik Mayall.

text: Adaptations[edit]

text: 1972 television special[edit]

text: The book was adapted as an animated musical television special produced by DePatie-Freleng Enterprises, directed by Hawley Pratt and starring the voices of Eddie Albert and Bob Holt. It was first aired by CBS on February 14, 1972. A reference to pollution of Lake Erie was spoken by one of the Humming-Fish as they depart; it remains in DVD releases of the show, although later removed from the book. The special also shows the Once-ler arguing with himself, and asking the Lorax whether shutting down his factory (thus putting hundreds of people out of work) is practical. An abridged version of the special is used in the 1994 TV movie In Search of Dr. Seuss, with Kathy Najimy's reporter character hearing the Once-ler's story.

text: 2012 feature film[edit]

text: On March 2, 2012, Universal Studios and Illumination Entertainment released a 3-D CGI film based upon the book. The release coincided with the 108th birthday of Seuss, who died at 87 in 1991. The cast includes Danny DeVito as the Lorax, Zac Efron as Ted (the boy in the book), and Ed Helms as the Once-ler. The film includes several new characters: Rob Riggle as villain Aloysius O'Hare, Betty White as Ted's Grammy Norma, Jenny Slate as Ted's neurotic mother Mrs. Wiggins, and Taylor Swift as Audrey, Ted's romantic interest. The film debuted in the No. 1 spot at the box office, making $70 million, though it received mixed reviews. The film eventually grossed a domestic total of $214,030,500.[12]

text: Audio books[edit]

text: Two audio readings have been released on CD, one narrated by Ted Danson in the United States (Listening Library, ISBN 978-0-8072-1873-0) and one narrated by Rik Mayall in the United Kingdom (HarperCollins, ISBN 978-0-00-715705-1).

text: Musical[edit]

text: A musical adaptation of The Lorax was originally included in script for the Broadway musical Seussical, but was cut before the show opened.[13]

text: From December 2, 2015, to January 16, 2016, a musical version of the book ran at the Old Vic theatre in London. With former Noah and the Whale frontman, Charlie Fink, who wrote the music for the production.[14]


document_title: Buc-ee's

question_text: when did the first buc ee's open

question_tokens: when did the first buc ee 's open

text: Buc-ee's

text: History[edit]

text: Co-Founders "Beaver" Aplin and Don Wasek opened the first store, which is still open as of 2017, in Lake Jackson, Texas in 1982. Aplin formed the name Buc-ee's by combining his childhood nickname and the name of his Labrador Retriever, Buck.

text: Buc-ee's expanded and opened their first travel center in Luling, Texas in 2001. Buc-ee's are large stores (no 18 wheelers allowed) with fuel pumps that range from 80-120 fueling positions for gas and diesel (some stores include Ethanol Free and DEF) and a huge selection of beef jerky, pastries, fresh sandwiches, tacos, Dippin' Dots and homemade fudge.

text: In 2012, Buc-ee's opened its largest travel center in New Braunfels, Texas on Interstate 35. The New Braunfels store is the largest convenience store in the world at 68,000 square feet. The store features 120 fueling positions, 83 toilets, 31 cash registers, 4 Icee machines, and 80 fountain dispensers. It also offers tubing and water gear for enjoying the nearby Guadalupe River.

text: The New Braunfels, Texas store was named the 2012 "Best Restroom in America" by Cintas.[2]

text: The first Buc-ee's in North Texas Metroplex opened in Terrell, Texas on June 22, 2015. The travel center is located across the street from Tanger Outlets. The Tanger Factory Outlet centers is located three miles east of Buc-ee's on Interstate 20.

text: The second Buc-ee's in the Dallas/Fort Worth Metroplex area opened on May 23, 2016. The location is located in far northern Fort Worth, across the street from Texas Motor Speedway.[3] The third DFW location is scheduled to open in Denton, Texas in 2018.

text: On March 8th, 2016, Buc-ee's announced a possible first location outside of the state of Texas would be located in Baton Rouge, LA. The location was expected to open in early 2017, however, on October 4, 2016, Buc-ee's announced that the plans for the Baton Rouge location had been terminated.

text: On April 12, 2017, Buc-ee's announced that it will open their first convenience store/gas station outside of Texas in Daytona Beach, Florida. The travel center is scheduled to open in 2018 and will be located on the north side of LPGA Boulevard across from Tanger Outlets, just east of Interstate 95 and immediately west of Stonewood Grill & Tavern (formerly Vince Carter's). At 50,000 square feet with 120 fueling positions the Daytona Beach travel center will be the largest in Florida and the largest outside of Texas.[4]

text: Products[edit]

text: Buc-ee's offers products found at most convenience stores such as fuel, cigarettes, tobacco, chips, drinks, and soft drinks at their smaller neighborhood stores. Travel centers include a deli, coffee shop, exterior tunnel car washes, Texas-themed specialty gifts and food, and products catering to hunters and river rafters. All Buc-ee's are open 24 hours per day, 365 days per year.

text: Buc-ee's offers private labeled beef jerky, novelty candy, trail mixes, granola, pralines, jarred vegetables, preserves, and salsa. Their #1 branded product is caramel and butter-glazed corn puffs known as 'Beaver Nuggets.'

text: Lawsuits[edit]

text: In recent years, during the company's rapidly growing success, Buc-ee's has filed numerous lawsuits against other convenience store chains, most of them based out of Texas, for alleged logo infringement.

text: In 2014, Buc-ee's filed a lawsuit against Texas based convenience store chain "Frio Beaver.[5] Frio Beaver, a company with a logo also depicting a beaver in a yellow circle with a black outline, was accused of attempting to copy the iconic Buc-ee's beaver head logo, which the company is widely known for in Texas.

text: In 2016, Buc-cee's sued "Choke Canyon BBQ", another Texas convenience store, for logo infringement.[6] Choke Canyon uses a logo of a grinning alligator in the middle of a yellow circle, which Buc-ee's claims is an attempt by the chain to resemble the Buc-ee's logo.

text: In 2017, Buc-cee's again filed a lawsuit for logo infringement, this time against a Nebraska based convenience store chain known as "Bucky's".[7]

text: There was also a non-logo related lawsuit filed in 2013 against "Chicks", a convenience store located in Bryan Texas, for allegedly copying Buc-ee's mega convenience store designs and layout.[8] The case was settled out of court.[9]

text: Advertising[edit]

text: This section does not cite any sources. Please help improve this section by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. (August 2015) (Learn how and when to remove this template message)

text: Buc-ee's is known for posting billboards by Texas (and beginning in 2018, Florida) interstate highways with simple and humorous slogans.

text:
"If It Harms Beavers, We're Against It!"
"Clean Restrooms, We Guaranpee It"
"No dancing the two-step in our restroom"
"It's A Beaver!"
"Restrooms So Clean, We Leave Mints on the Urinals"
"Ice, Beer, Jerky: The 3 Food Groups"
"The Top Two Reasons to Stop at Buc-ee's: #1 and #2"
"A Bigger Kolache I Never Sausage a Thing"
"Don't worry, P happy"
"Epic Flush"
"Don't stay thirsty my friends."
"Worth the Wait"
"The Eyes of Buc-ee's Are Upon You"
"Buy a gift, leave a gift."
"Don't pass our gas!"

tag: ul


document_title: White Wedding (song)

question_text: who sings nice night for a black wedding

text: White Wedding (song)

text: 1982 release[edit]

text: 7″: Chrysalis - CHS 2656 (UK)

tag: ol

text: 12″: Chrysalis - CHS 12 2656 (UK)

text:
"White Wedding (Parts 1 and 2)" (8:20)
"White Wedding" (3:30)
"Hole in the Wall" (4:14)

text: 7″: Chrysalis - CHS 2648 (US)

text:
"White Wedding" (3:30)
"Dead on Arrival" (3:54)

text: 12″: Chrysalis - EPC 5002 (US)

text:
"White Wedding (Parts 1 and 2)" (8:20)
"White Wedding (Part 2)" (4:27)

text: 1983 release[edit]

text: 12″: Chrysalis - 4V9 42685 (US)

text: 7″: Chrysalis - CHS 42697 (US)

text: 1985 re-issue[edit]

text: 7″: Chrysalis - IDOL 5 (UK)

text:
"White Wedding" (3:30)
"Mega-Idol Mix" (5:34)

text: 7" Mega-Idol comprises "Flesh For Fantasy" and "Hot in the City"

text: 12″: Chrysalis - IDOLX 5 (UK)

text:
"White Wedding Parts I & II (Shot Gun Mix)" (8:20)
"Mega-Idol Mix" (7:50)

text: 12″ Mega-Idol comprises "Flesh For Fantasy," "Hot in the City" and "Dancing With Myself"

text: Music video[edit]

text: The music video, featuring Idol attending a gothic wedding, is one of his best-known. The bride is played by Perri Lister, Idol's real-life girlfriend at the time. She is also one of the three dancers clad in black leather, who slap their buttocks in time with the clap track in the song as they shimmy downwards near the end. "That's the kind of thing they love in England", says Idol.[1]

text: In one scene from the video, Idol forces the barbed-wire wedding ring onto the bride's finger and cuts her knuckle. Lister insisted that her knuckle actually be cut in order for the scene to appear more realistic.[1] MTV initially removed this scene from the video.[2] Also controversial were the apparent Nazi salutes made by the crowd toward the couple. Director David Mallet says he was merely "playing with the power of crowd imagery" when he had the extras reach toward the bride and did not realize how it looked until later.[1]

text: The MTV-edited version of the video is included on the DVD portion of The Very Best of Billy Idol: Idolize Yourself CD/DVD package.

text: Other versions and appearances[edit]

text: This section does not cite any sources. Please help improve this section by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. (July 2011) (Learn how and when to remove this template message)

text: The song has been covered by many bands including the Young Werewolves, Murderdolls, Umbra et imago, Deathstars, Doro, Rowland S. Howard, Sentenced, Aiden and the band Queens of the Stone Age. Serbian punk rock band KBO! recorded a version on their 2001 cover album (Ne) Menjajte Stanicu (which translates as (Do Not) Change the Station). Post-hardcore band Aiden recorded a version of "White Wedding" for their EP Rain in Hell. Part of it is included in Franz Ferdinand's cover of Gwen Stefani's "What You Waiting For?". Also, the gothic rock/steampunk band Abney Park recorded a cover on their 2005 album Taxidermy. The Swedish rock singer Jay Smith recorded a version, included on his first album, self-titled Jay Smith. Metal band Powderburn recorded a cover as part of a medley with "Rebel Yell" for their Come and Take It EP. Herman's Hermits did a version released on the album When Pigs Fly: Songs You Never Thought You'd Hear.

text: It was featured in the 1998 film The Wedding Singer (in which Idol appears), on the American TV series My Name Is Earl and on the British TV series Blackpool. It was also featured in the 1993 film True Romance during the scene where Alabama is being tattooed. It was also featured in the skate video CKY.

text: The line, "It's a nice day to start again", was featured on the sticker on the front of Idol's 2005 album, Devil's Playground.

text: The song was remixed as (Trashcan Jack vs Billy Idol) "Club Wedding" (Frenetic) under Digital Dog's Jack Rokka guise. It has appeared on numerous dance compilations such as Wild Bassline (CD2 Mixed by Brooklyn Bounce) and Clubland 12.

text: The song is included in the video games Rock Band 2, Rock Band Unplugged, Guitar Hero Van Halen, Grand Theft Auto: San Andreas and as DLC in Rocksmith.

text: The song was also used in an advertisement for British soap opera Hollyoaks, promoting the week of a wedding storyline. It also featured in an episode of the 2004 BBC miniseries Blackpool as part of the story.

text: The track also appeared on an advert for Coronation Street in 2003, promoting the climax of a bigamous storyline involving the character Peter Barlow. Barlow, portrayed by Chris Gascoyne, was seated at a table, reflectively spinning his two wedding rings around.

text: On The Colbert Report, a couple who had been prevented from wedding at the Jefferson Memorial, by the 2013 government shutdown, were married.  The couple's first dance was to Audra McDonald singing the song.[3]

text: H.P. Baxxter, frontman of German band Scooter occasionally sings this song unplugged on TV events.

text: A version sung in Greek by George Kostoglou appeared in My Big Fat Greek Wedding 2.

text: The American metal band In This Moment was set to collaborate with Idol on the track "Black Wedding" off their sixth album Ritual; the song's chorus contains the line, "it's a nice night for a black wedding," an obvious homage to Idol's 1982 hit "White Wedding." Due to claimed scheduling difficulties, Rob Halford of Judas Priest was featured on the track instead.[4]

text: In The Simpsons episode number 329 (Season 15, Episode 16) The Wandering Juvie, the beginning of the song is played as Bart Simpson scans the wedding gifts for a fraudulent wedding, to which he was arrested and sent to juvenile hall for.[5][better source needed]

text: Charts[edit]

text:
Chart (1982–1983)

Peakposition

UK Singles Chart[6]

6

U.S. Billboard Hot 100[7]

36

U.S. Billboard Top Tracks[7]

4

U.S. Billboard Dance/Disco Top 80

10

Can. RPM RPM Top 50 Singles

5

text: Notes:

text: * UK re-release in 1985


document_title: Jadzia Dax

question_text: what episode of deep space nine does dax die

text: Jadzia Dax

text: Joined nature[edit]

text: Jadzia Dax is a joined Trill. "Jadzia" is the name of the young Trill woman, while "Dax" refers to a slug-like symbiont that resides in her abdomen; Jadzia's actual family name was never revealed on the show. In the novels, her original name is said to be Jadzia Idaris. While Jadzia is 28 years old at the beginning of the series, the creature Dax is roughly 300 years old, having previously been hosted by seven other Trill. As a result, Dax may be considered the oldest crewmate on Deep Space Nine.

text: Prior to Jadzia, the Dax symbiont had been hosted by Lela, Tobin, Emony, Audrid, Torias, Joran, and Curzon.

text: The burden of seven lifetimes' worth of memories is not always a positive one; several episodes of Deep Space Nine focus on Dax's struggle with her dual nature:

text:
In the extended pilot episode, when Jadzia touches an Orb, a brief scene shows the symbiont being removed from Curzon and being placed into Jadzia. She (presumably) sees Curzon die.
In the first-season episode "Dax", the previous host Curzon Dax is accused of murder. This leads to an extradition hearing to determine whether Jadzia can be held responsible for crimes committed during another lifetime. While the moral question remained unsolved, the legal issue was resolved when evidence arose of Curzon's innocence.
In the second-season episode "Invasive Procedures", an unjoined Trill named Verad attempts to steal the Dax symbiont. Verad is upset that his application for a joining has been rejected by the Trill Symbiosis Commission, and he plans to steal the Dax symbiont and escape into the Gamma quadrant. He manages to remove the Dax symbiont from Jadzia and partially join with it before his escape is thwarted.
Later that season, Dax mentors a Trill initiate in the episode "Playing God". Dax is responsible for training the young Trill, and for evaluating his suitability for joining. During the episode, Jadzia and Sisko discuss her own training under Curzon Dax, as well as the role that joining plays in Trill society.
In the third-season episode "Equilibrium", Dax begins to experience unsettling mental problems. She travels back to Trill to discover the source of the problems. On her homeworld, she visits the "Caves of Mak'ala", a place on Trill where unjoined symbionts swim in pools carefully and lovingly tended by Trill Guardians. Eventually, she learns that Dax had previously been joined with an unsuitable host known as Joran, and that her memories of this trauma had been suppressed. Her mental problems subside after the other Trill help her to regain these memories.
Later that season in the episode "Facets", Jadzia encounters each of Dax's previous hosts in the Trill "rite of closure", including the insane Joran. This episode reveals much of the back story for the Dax character, and explores the relationship between Jadzia Dax, Curzon Dax, and Benjamin Sisko.
In the fourth-season episode "Rejoined", Jadzia Dax encounters Lenara Kahn, the current host of the symbiont Kahn, who had been previously joined to Nilani Kahn, the wife of Torias Dax. Because Torias died suddenly, Dax's relationship with Kahn through its previous host was never resolved, and the two current hosts struggle in the episode with their feelings towards one another. This is complicated by a taboo in Trill culture against romantic relationships with partners of previous hosts. This episode features one of the first televised kisses between two female characters.

text: Portrayal[edit]

text: At the beginning of the series, Jadzia has just recently been joined with the symbiont Dax after the natural death of the previous host, Curzon Dax. Curzon had been a friend and mentor to station Commander Benjamin Sisko, and as Jadzia Dax, they continue this friendship despite the change in circumstances. Throughout the series, Sisko refers to Jadzia Dax by the affectionate nickname "Old Man." She begins the series at the rank of Lieutenant; at the start of the fourth season, she becomes a Lieutenant Commander and remains one until her death in the sixth-season finale.

text: During the first few seasons, Jadzia Dax is pursued romantically by Dr. Julian Bashir. Dax consistently but politely rebuffs him, though she later admits that she somewhat enjoyed the attention (cf. "Starship Down"). After Jadzia's death, Dax's new host Ezri begins dating Bashir.

text: During the first season of the show, Jadzia Dax is often portrayed as somewhat reserved and aloof. In the early second-season episode "The Siege", she is ill-at-ease in the spider-filled caverns of a Bajoran moon, and is later disoriented by Kira's reckless piloting of a Bajoran starfighter. The writers' portrayal of the character begins to change in the second season, as they emphasize Jadzia Dax's gusto for life and extensive knowledge of other cultures:

text:
The second-season episode "Rules of Acquisition" begins with a scene in which Jadzia Dax plays tongo with a group of Ferengi. She seems surprisingly at home in this setting, calmly ignoring their sexist overtures and showing considerable skill at the game. Later in the episode, she remarks that the Ferengi are among the most interesting races she has encountered.
Later that season, Jadzia Dax joins a group of Klingons in a revenge quest ("Blood Oath"). In this episode, it is revealed the Curzon Dax was a Federation diplomat to the Klingon Empire, and swore a blood oath against "the Albino" with the Klingons Kang, Koloth, and Kor. Jadzia takes up the blood oath, and against Sisko's wishes she travels to the Albino's planet and participates in the revenge killing of the Albino and his minions.

text: Jadzia Dax's connection to the Klingon culture would become increasingly important as the series progressed, especially after the fourth-season arrival of Worf. In the episode "The Sword of Kahless", Dax joins Worf and Kor in the search for the titular Klingon artifact. In "Sons of Mogh", she becomes aware of and subsequently warns Captain Sisko of Worf's attempt to kill his brother Kurn, and in "Soldiers of the Empire" she and Worf go on a tense mission aboard a Klingon ship. Jadzia Dax would eventually marry Worf and join him as a member of the Klingon House of Martok.

text: Romantic interests[edit]

text: Jadzia Dax was initially pursued by Dr. Julian Bashir aboard the station. The Ferengi bar owner, Quark, also has a special affection for the Trill scientist, even after the Dax symbiont was transferred to Ezri. However, her most notable and serious suitors include

text:
Deral, played by Brett Cullen, a prominent member of the recurring planet Meridian ("Meridian")
Dr. Lenara Kahn, played by Susanna Thompson, a Trill theoretical quantum physicist and the current host of the symbiont Kahn, who was previously joined to Nilani, the widow of Torias Dax ("Rejoined")
Lt. Commander Worf, a Klingon. Dax and Worf connected over their mutual love of Klingon traditions, including Klingon Opera and martial arts. Their intimate relationship began in "Looking for par'Mach in All the Wrong Places," and in "You Are Cordially Invited..." they were married and Jadzia Dax formally joined the House of Martok. Their attempts at parenthood (despite the difficulties faced by biological incompatibilities between Klingons and Trills) were cut short when Jadzia Dax was murdered.
Captain Boday. An unseen former lover of Jadzia's who is occasionally referenced. Boday is a Gallamite and like all Gallamites has a transparent skull. Worf becomes angry with Jadzia when he learns she had lunch with Boday.

text: Dax and Worf[edit]

text: In the fourth season, Michael Dorn joins the cast of Deep Space Nine as the Klingon character Worf. Perhaps because of her past interactions with Klingons, Dax is fairly flirtatious with Worf. Worf appears at first to be oblivious to this attention, and in the fifth-season episode "Looking for par'Mach in All the Wrong Places" he becomes enamored with a female Klingon named Grilka. This is resolved by the end of the episode, with Quark ironically winning the heart of Grilka, and Worf becoming romantically involved with Dax.

text: In the beginning, their relationship is very sexual, with the strong implication that their encounters are somewhat rough (the above episode ends with Worf and Dax visiting the infirmary with various bruises and other injuries). In the season 5 finale "Call to Arms", the station is overrun by Dominion forces, and Dax and Worf are assigned to different starships for the Dominion War. Near the end of the episode, they agree to get married after the war is over. Worf and Dax's marriage is the centerpiece of season 6 episode "You Are Cordially Invited...". During the episode, Dax must obtain permission from the lady Sirella to join the House of Martok. At first Dax is loath to pay Sirella the required respect, and the lady is unwilling to accede to Dax's request. The situation is resolved by the conclusion, with Sirella admitting during the ceremony that nothing can stand between "the beating of two Klingon hearts".

text: Death[edit]

text: Jadzia is murdered in "Tears of the Prophets", the finale of the sixth season. She and Worf had been trying to conceive, despite the doubts of Dr. Bashir that such a pregnancy was possible. After Major Kira tells Jadzia she has been praying for a conception, Jadzia receives encouraging test results from Julian, and goes to the station's temple to thank the Prophets. It now appears a pregnancy will be possible. The Cardassian Dukat arrives, possessed by a Pah-wraith, with the intention of destroying the orb-like Bajoran artifacts known as the "Tears of the Prophets". Jadzia is no match for Dukat while he is infused with the Pah-wraith. He mortally wounds her and destroys the orbs. Upon her death in the infirmary, a distraught Worf screams out a Klingon wail of sorrow for his beloved and to let the Klingon afterworld know a warrior was on the way ("Heart of Glory"). Her death shakes the crew to its core: by the beginning of season 7, Sisko has left the station in despair and Worf has been risking his life on increasingly dangerous missions.

text: Though the host Jadzia is dead, the symbiont Dax survives and is implanted in a Trill named Ezri Tigan. The resulting joined Trill, Ezri Dax, becomes a main character during the seventh and last season of the series.


document_title: Dear Dumb Diary (film)

question_text: who plays aunt carol in dear dumb diary

question_tokens: who plays aunt carol in dear dumb diary

text: Dear Dumb Diary (film)

text: Synopsis[edit]

text: Jamie Kelly is a student at Mackerel Middle School. Her closest relationships include her best friend Isabella Vinchella, her 'nemesis' Angeline and her love interest Hudson Rivers. Upon finding out that budget cuts are taking away the art class, she inadvertently signs up for the Jump-A-Thon, which Angeline is also participating in. Jamie and Isabella go door-to-door asking for donations, with Isabella also getting donations for a donation group she refers to as the "Juvenile Optometry Federation" Meanwhile, her Aunt Carol applies for a job as a secretary after Jamie accidentally injures an older secretary in Assistant Principal Devon's office.

text: Aunt Carol starts dating and Jamie tries to figure out who this mysterious date is. Meanwhile, Angeline appears to be hanging around Jamie a bit more, which Jamie assumes is something evil or manipulative going on. Jamie attempts to steal Angeline's permanent record, trying to find things to use against Angeline. Just days prior to the Jump-A-Thon, Jamie finds out that Isabella lied about the "Juvenile Optometry Federation" and was just using the money to buy herself some contact lenses, which turn out to be faulty. At the Jump-A-Thon, Jamie learns that Angeline, despite all the sponsors she has received for the Jump-A-Thon, cannot do jump-rope. Against her own preferences, she decides to help Angeline and gets Isabella to help Angeline too.

text: Her family has a gathering at her house in which several of the teachers are invited. At this party, she learns that the mystery boyfriend of Aunt Carol is none other than Assistant Principal Devon, whom she soon learns is Angeline's "Uncle Dan" when he announces that he & Aunt Carol are engaged. This disturbs Jamie upon learning that she may end up being Angeline's cousin. Isabella then reveals that she started up a charity called the "Juvenile Optometry Federation" Jamie tells Angeline that she had taken her permanent record, but has returned it, Angeline in turn telling Jamie that she's still taking Hudson to the wedding.[4]

text: Cast[edit]

text:
Emily Alyn Lind as Jamie Kelly

Katy Jensen as Adult Jamie

Mary-Charles Jones as Isabella
Sterling Griffith as Angeline
David Mazouz as Hudson Rivers
Carson Oliver as Mike Pinsetti
James Waterston as Assistant Principal Devon
Laura Bell Bundy as Aunt Carol
Jacque Gray as Miss Anderson
Lea DeLaria as Ms. Bruntford
Maddie Corman as Mrs. Kelly
Jeffrey Hanson as Mr. Kelly
Tom Markus as Mr Vandoy
Duane Stephens as Coach Dover

text: Production[edit]

text: The movie was first announced on Jim Benton's website.[5] The movie utilizes plot-lines and aspects from various instalments in the Dear Dumb Diary. The main storylines of the Jump-A-Thon and Aunt Carol's mystery date originate from Never Do Anything, Ever and Can Adults Become Human, respectively. The side story of Jamie stealing Angeline's permanent record is borrowed from Let's Pretend This Never Happened, while the "zone-shampooing" gag originates from a storyline in Am I The Princess Or The Frog. Three of the original songs, "Dear Future Jamie," "My Awesomeness is Awesome," and "Meatloaf Mystery," were written by Dan Mackenzie.[6] Other songs were written by Steven Argila and Seth Freeman.[7]

text: Music[edit]

text: The songs include:

text:
Dear Dumb Diary-performed by Emily Alyn Lind
Same Girl-performed by Emily Alyn Lind
Just A Number-performed by Emily Alyn Lind
My Awesomeness Is Awesome-performed by Emily Alyn Lind
May The Dumb Be With You-performed by Emily Alyn Lind
Dear Future Jamie-performed by Emily Alyn Lind
Meatloaf Mystery-performed by Lea DeLaria
Perfect People Of The World-performed by Emily Alyn Lind
Paparazzi-performed by Emily Alyn Lind
Love Is Everything-performed by Lea Andreone

text: The soundtrack includes "Score Suite for Dear Dumb Diary" performed by Steven Argila, the film's composer, and "Dear Dumb Diary (Karaoke Mix)" by Emily Alyn Lind.[8]

text: Reception[edit]

text: The movie has mixed reviews, with an audience rating of 57% on Rotten Tomatoes,[9] whilst IMDb has gotten a rating of 5.8 out of 10 for the film based on rankings of the film.[10] Common Sense Media has given the film 4/5 however, stating "Books-inspired movie has great social messages for kids".[11] Pretty Famous has ranked the movie 49%[12]