document_title: Red River Showdown

question_text: where is the red river rivalry played 2017

text: Red River Showdown

text: Series history[edit]

text: The game originated in 1900, while Oklahoma was still a United States territory and the Oklahoma campus was still in Oklahoma Territory.[11] Until the 2005 meeting, the 100th meeting between the schools, the game was called the Red River Shootout. In 2005, it was sponsored by SBC Communications, and the game was officially renamed the SBC Red River Rivalry, with the word "Rivalry" replacing "Shootout" out of a desire not to convey an attitude of condoning gun violence. In 2006, with SBC's merger with AT&T Corporation, the game was renamed the AT&T Red River Rivalry. In 2014, the name changed again and is now the AT&T Red River Showdown. The term Red River Shootout or Red River Showdown is also applied to meetings between the two schools in sports other than football. During a Q&A session with DeLoss Dodds (the Athletic Director of UT) during the Big 12 restructuring and chaos that ensued thereafter, Dodds stated in an interview, "That game – the rivalry game for us has always been Oklahoma. The A&M game's been a great game and all of that. And we may play 'em. But it's not something that we have to do. I think the Oklahoma game is something we have to do."

text: Since 1936, the first year of the AP Poll, at least one of the teams has come into the game ranked 70 times, including every one of the last 19 meetings. Texas leads the overall series 61–46–5. However, the series is tied since World War II (since 1945) with a record of 35-35-3, and Oklahoma leads the series in the last 20 years with a record of 12−8. In 2005, The Dallas Morning News asked the 119 Division 1A football coaches to identify the top rivalry game in college football. The Red River Rivalry ranked third, behind only Michigan–Ohio State and Army–Navy.[12]

text: The first meeting between Oklahoma and Texas football teams occurred in 1900, before either team had acquired their current nickname. At that time, the Texas team was typically called "Varsity". The write-up in the Austin American-Statesman article referred to the game as a "practice game".[13] The paper reported:

text: The game of football yesterday afternoon at the Varsity athletic field was an interesting contrast, notwithstanding the rather one-sided score of 28–2 in favor of the Varsity.

text: The Oklahoma men played a very good game, but they had weak points and the Varsity men found this out, and proceeded to take advantage of them. For instance, the visitors' tackles and ends were weak, and the Varsity men made most of their gains through these men. Their guards and center, though, were stiff enough, and the Varsity's attack at these points never netted large gains, and were frequently futile.

text: While Oklahoma should be given credit for the stiffness of her center trio, the fact that the Varsity backs made but small headway at these points is partly due to the Varsity backs themselves. They had not the life and dash that is necessary to successful line plunging, and they failed to heed Coach Thompson's oft repeated admonition to hit the line low and with speed, and the consequence was that when they got to the line they did not have the necessary momentum to plunge on through.

text: This was the case, notwithstanding the fact that the men are coached to play a good distance behind the line, so that they can get up speed by the time they reach it.[13]

text: In the 1950 rivalry game, Billy Vessels scored on an 11-yard run late in the contest and Texas native Jim Weatherall kicked the extra point to give Oklahoma a narrow 14–13 win.

text: In 1958, Texas defeated Oklahoma by one point, breaking the University of Oklahoma's series dominance of the 1950s. The game was notable in that Texas Longhorns head coach Darrell Royal had 10 years earlier been the quarterback for the Oklahoma Sooners. Royal defeated his former coach and mentor Bud Wilkinson in the game. Wilkinson would lose to Texas the next five years before retiring in 1963.

text: The 1963 game featured #1 Oklahoma versus #2 Texas, the seventh regular season #1 versus #2 game (eighth, overall) in the history of the AP Poll. Texas won the game, took the #1 ranking and kept it for the rest of the season, winning its first national championship.

text: The 1976 rivalry game was overshadowed by allegations by Texas coach Darrell Royal that Oklahoma had been spying on his practices. The claim was later confirmed in OU Coach Barry Switzer's book, Bootlegger's Boy. Royal and Switzer (who was 3–0 against Texas as a head coach coming into this game) were involved in a serious feud at the time. The 1976 game was attended by U.S. President Gerald Ford. Ford made an appearance with Royal and Switzer before the game. Switzer and Royal both spoke to Ford but not to each other. The game ended in a 6–6 tie. It was Royal's final Red River Shootout.

text: In the 1977 game, Texas lost both their starting and backup quarterbacks in the first half. Yet, behind the power running of eventual Heisman Trophy winner Earl Campbell, a strong defense, and the unheralded composure of third-string-quarterback Randy McEachern, the Horns prevailed 13–6.

text: In a rain-soaked 1984 game, Texas entered the game ranked #1, Oklahoma #3 (#2 in some polls). University of Oklahoma coach Barry Switzer wore a ballcap during the game that read "Beat Texas." This game also marked the only time that future University of Texas at Austin head coach Mack Brown participated in the Red River Shootout not as a Texas Longhorn (Brown was OU's offensive coordinator). Texas jumped to a 10–0 halftime lead but OU rallied to lead 15–12 in the game's closing seconds. With 10 seconds remaining, trailing by 3, Texas was driving and was within field goal range but decided to take one more shot at the end zone. Texas quarterback (and future North Texas head coach) Todd Dodge appeared (in replays) to be intercepted in the end zone by OU's Keith Stanberry, but the officials ruled it incomplete. Texas's Jeff Ward subsequently kicked a field goal and the game ended in a 15–15 tie.

text: The first Big 12 Conference overtime game, the 1996 meeting featured a John Blake squad under the direction of freshman quarterback Justin Fuente. The game ended Oklahoma 30–Texas 27 after a come from behind victory in the final seven minutes. Jarrail Jackson returned a punt 51 yards for a touchdown, then Fuente completed a 2-point conversion pass to Stephen Alexander to cut the lead to 24–21. The Sooners forced the Longhorns to punt, and drove to the Texas 28. Jeremy Alexander kicked a 44-yard field goal to tie the game at 24.[14] In overtime, Texas was forced to settle for a 43-yard Phil Dawson field goal, after losing 1 yard on three plays.[14] Lining up at the Texas 25, James Allen broke a ten-yard run, carried for two and three yards, then caught an 8-yard screen pass from Fuente on 3rd and 5 from the 10. On the next play, Allen took a pitch from Fuente two yards into the endzone, doing what he was unable to do two years before.[14]

text: The 2000 game was marked by rain and 49-degree weather, but it ended up being noted for bringing the most lopsided margin of victory in the history of the match-up (at that time; Oklahoma would top its feat three years later). Oklahoma came into the game ranked 10th, with Texas ranked 11th. This was the highest combined rankings of the teams since 1984.[15] The Sooners got up to a 42-point lead before Texas scored. Oklahoma won the game 63–14. OU also held Texas to minus-7 yards rushing, an all-time regular-season low for the Longhorns.

text: Longhorn coach Mack Brown said "It wasn't even a game because we did not play in the first half." Sooner coach Bob Stoops said, "This was a total team victory, everybody made plays. ...We had a little bit of everything." Stoops improved his record vs the Longhorns to 1 win, 1 loss as a result of the game.[15] OU President David Boren cancelled classes the following Monday on account of inclement weather: "It was snowing touchdowns in Dallas."[16]

text: Sooner running back Quentin Griffin scored six touchdowns, tying the all-time NCAA record for most rushing touchdowns in a game. Oklahoma went on to an undefeated season, and won the 2000 National Championship.

text: The 2001 game, which ended Oklahoma 14–Texas 3, was a classic defensive struggle that was notable for a play made late in the 4th quarter.

text: Both the Sooners' and the Longhorns' defenses were outstanding, holding their counterparts to less than 100 yards rushing for the entire game. When either offense could muster any momentum, they were often let down by their kicker-OU's Tim Duncan missed two field goals and UT's Dusty Mangum had one blocked.

text: OU led 7–3 at the half on a Quentin Griffin 2-yard touchdown in the second quarter. That score held until late in the fourth quarter.

text: The Sooners got the ball with just over eight minutes to play on their own 20-yard line, and put together a 12-play, 53-yard drive that took them all the way to the Texas 27-yard line. Facing a 4th & 16, OU sent out Tim Duncan for what appeared to be a 44-yard FG attempt. Instead, Duncan sent a pooch punt deep into the Texas zone, which caught UT's Nathan Vasher off guard. Confused, Vasher caught the ball at his own 3-yard line and was immediately downed.

text: Down 7–3, Texas had 2:06 to drive 97 yards on the stiff Sooner defense. On first down, Texas quarterback Chris Simms' pass was deflected by OU safety Roy Williams, who had blitzed and literally leapt over the blocker, Brett Robin, to collide with Simms at the moment he released the ball. The ball landed right in Oklahoma linebacker Teddy Lehman's hands, who walked into the endzone for a touchdown. The play happened so fast, many fans did not know exactly what had happened. The play by Roy Williams is often called "The Superman Play"[17] because of the way that Williams resembled Superman flying through the air with his arms stretched out at Chris Simms when he hit him. Duncan's extra point sealed the 14–3 OU victory.

text: Texas beats Oklahoma to break five-year skid[edit]

text: The 2005 game, which ended Texas 45–Oklahoma 12, was the 100th meeting in the series and a special logo was created to commemorate the event. The game logo included both team logos, the logo of the sponsor for that game, SBC communications, the number 100, a football, and a star. Prior to the game, the Longhorns were ranked 2nd by the Associated Press, and the Sooners were unranked for the first time since 1999, which was also Texas's last victory over OU.

text: By breaking the string of five consecutive losses to Oklahoma, Longhorn coach Mack Brown preserved the Longhorns's National Championship hopes. With the win, Texas tied its largest margin of victory in the series. Freshman running back Jamaal Charles set a record for rushing yards by a Texas freshman in the series. With his 80-yard scamper, Charles also had the longest touchdown from scrimmage by a Texas running back in the series.

text: The game also featured one of the most violent hits in the series history, when Texas DE, Brian Robison, blindsided Oklahoma quarterback, Rhett Bomar, in the 4th quarter, causing a fumble and ensuing touchdown by Longhorn tackle, Rodrique Wright.

text: As had occurred the two seasons prior, the road to the National Championship game went through Dallas. Oklahoma left the game with a 1–1 conference record and a 2–3 record overall, finishing with a 6–2 conference and 8–4 overall record, including a victory in the Holiday Bowl. The Longhorns improved to 5–0 overall, 2–0 in the Big 12 on their way to an 8–0 conference, 13–0 overall record, including a victory in the Rose Bowl and the 2005 football National Championship.

text: 2007 Oklahoma vs. Texas football game, Oklahoma 28, Texas 21[edit]

text: The 2007 match-up between Oklahoma and Texas was predicted to be the #3 game to watch in 2007 by SI.com's "Top 20 Games To Watch In 2007" list,[18] and it did not disappoint.[dubious – discuss] The game was close from start to finish as the Sooners struck first with a quick touchdown pass to TE Jermaine Gresham. QB Colt McCoy's passing attack responded quickly to tie the game for the 'Horns, then again to take a lead, particularly off the efforts of TE Jermichael Finley. The Sooners were able to tie the score going into the half off of another Sam Bradford-to-Jermaine Gresham connection. The Longhorns were able to get into the red zone at the beginning of the second half, but a costly fumble by RB Jamaal Charles at the 5-yard line cut short the momentum. A few series later, RB DeMarco Murray ripped off a 65-yard TD run to give the Sooners a 21–14 lead. The 'Horns did not take this lying down, as they were able to score soon thereafter. The Oklahoma passing attack scored the final touchdown of the game with about ten minutes left to play, on a 35-yard touchdown pass to WR Malcolm Kelly from Bradford. The 'Horns threatened twice in the final waning minutes, as it took a CB Reggie Smith interception and defensive play against star WR Limas Sweed to secure the win for Oklahoma.

text: 2008 Texas vs. Oklahoma football game[edit]

text: The 2008 Meeting of the Red River Rivalry ended Texas 45, Oklahoma 35. Oklahoma ranked #1 in the nation and Texas was ranked #5. Both were 5–0 coming into the game. In the first quarter, Bradford completed a 5-yard touchdown pass to Manuel Johnson. The Sooners led 7–0. With 6:41 left in the first quarter, Texas answered with a Hunter Lawrence 26-yard field goal. OU scored 2 touchdowns in the second quarter and Texas scored two touchdowns and a field goal including a 96-yard kickoff return by Jordan Shipley. The score at the half was 21–20 OU.

text: Texas ended up winning this 103rd meeting, 45–35. It was the highest scoring event in the history of rivalry, and it was seen by the most fans, a record 92,182.[19]

text: Recent games[edit]

text: In 2009 Texas won a low scoring game, 16–13. Texas scored only one touchdown and three field goals, while OU scored one touchdown and two field goals. Oklahoma quarterback Sam Bradford had injured his shoulder earlier in the year when playing the BYU Cougars, at Cowboys Stadium in Arlington, TX. Despite this injury, Bradford started in the 2009 Red River Rivalry confident that his shoulder was healed. However, early in the first quarter a sack by Aaron Williams re-aggravated his injury and forced him out of the game, ending his season and making the Texas game his final college game. Texas quarterback Colt McCoy threw for 127 yards, while the team combined for 142 rushing yards. OU's replacement quarterback, Landry Jones, replaced Bradford and threw for 250 yards of passing with 2 interceptions. The most notable statistic of the game was that the Sooners were held to minus 16 yards of rushing by the Longhorn defense.

text: In 2012, the 107th meeting of the University of Texas at Austin and University of Oklahoma, Oklahoma routed Texas 63 – 21. It appeared that the game would have a very different feel than the 2011 meeting after OU scored its first touchdown and Quandre Diggs of Texas recovered a blocked PAT and ran the distance of the field to score a 2-point conversion. This game had moments that will add to the history of this rivalry. Damien Williams broke free for a 95-yard touchdown run for the longest rush in Red River Rivalry history. Trey Millard had a 73-yard reception, the longest pass play by an OU player in Red River Rivalry history, surpassing Buddy Leake's 65-yarder in 1953. The Sooners dominated the Longhorns in every phase (offense, defense, and special teams) of this game, and Oklahoma ended up with a 677–289 advantage in total yardage and it is third 60+ point Red River scoring effort in Bob Stoops' tenure.

text: In 2013, Texas came onto the field in Dallas with Coach Mack Brown on the hot seat. Former Longhorn great Earl Campbell had publicly stated two weeks earlier that Mack Brown was "too old" to continue coaching.[20] Brown's players rallied behind their beleaguered coach, however, and Texas won the Red River Rivalry game for the first time since 2009. Texas walked in as major underdogs, in part due to a 1–2 start with an upset loss at BYU and a mauling by #25 Ole Miss. The game was notable in part because a defensive lineman from each team scored a touchdown on an interception return. In addition, Colt McCoy's brother Case lead the Longhorns to victory, becoming the first quarterback to lead the team to victory since his brother accomplished this feat in 2009.

text: In 2014, the game was played following both teams' losses the prior weekend. Oklahoma had fallen to #11 in the rankings following its loss to #25 TCU, with a 4–1 record (1–1 Big 12), whereas Texas had fallen to a 2–3 record after losing to #7 Baylor, (also 1–1 Big 12). Oklahoma's offense had been explosive all five games prior, and its defense had been equally solid. With this being said, Texas' defense was able to prevent an Oklahoma offensive touchdown for the entire first half, and held the Sooners to under 30 total first-half yards, while the Texas Offense managed to gain over 240 yards. In each game of the 2014 season, every team that had led the opposition by more than 200 yards gained was 57–0. However, another perfect record had been on the line, as Oklahoma's first kick return was returned for a touchdown, and on Texas' first second-quarter possession, Oklahoma's defense forced an interception that was returned for a touchdown, and in every Oklahoma game where that occurred, Oklahoma won (8–0). Oklahoma was able to widen the halftime scoreline of 17–13 to 31–13 after a pair of offensive touchdowns, but Texas was able to score two late touchdowns of their own, but failed the second two-point conversion. Oklahoma was then able to take several minutes off the clock, and Texas was unable to score on its final possession, ending the game 31–26 in favor of Oklahoma.

text: In 2015, Oklahoma walked into Dallas #10 in the country with a high-octane Air Raid offense while Texas was 1-4 after a string of painful losses due to special teams (Cal 45–44, missed PAT, Oklahoma State, 30–27 mishandled snap on punt setting up FG) and blowout losses (Notre Dame, 38–3, TCU, 50–7) with Charlie Strong's job already being in question in his second year. The Longhorns' running game pumped out 313 yards, which featured D'Onta Foreman breaking free for an 81-yard rush to set up a TD to put Texas in command 24–10 while the young Texas defense held OU to 67 yards rushing, and sacking OU quarterback Baker Mayfield multiple times as Texas stunned Oklahoma 24–17, giving Strong his first signature win.

text: The game often airs on ABC as part of its college football coverage.

text: Venue[edit]

text: The series began in 1900 and has been played in Dallas since 1912, except for 1913 (Houston), 1922 (Norman, Okla.), and 1923 (Austin). Dallas was chosen as a "neutral" site since it is situated approximately halfway between Austin, Texas and Norman, Oklahoma – the locations of UT and OU, respectively. This also provides both teams an opportunity to showcase themselves for Dallas–Fort Worth metroplex-based alumni and potential high-school recruits of both teams.[citation needed]

text: Since 1932 the game has been held at the Cotton Bowl in Dallas, during the State Fair of Texas. The designated "home" team alternates from year to year: Oklahoma in even-numbered years and Texas in odd-numbered years. Ticket sales for the game are split 50–50 between the two schools, with the stadium divided along the 50-yard line. Historically, the Oklahoma fans have occupied the south end zone, which contains the tunnel where both teams enter and exit the field.[citation needed] Beginning in 2007, the teams will have the option to alternate North and South ends of the field, thereby giving the home team fans the seats adjacent to the tunnel leading to both teams' locker rooms.[21] However, Texas has declined to exercise its option to move to the south end each year in which they have been the designated home team. However, former Texas coach Charlie Strong said he would favor Texas fans being in the south end zone during their home games.[22]

text: Officials at both universities had indicated that soon the game may be rotated between each campus[citation needed] because they prefer a venue with more seats, which would mean more revenue — the Cotton Bowl then seated just 68,252; the Darrell K. Royal-Texas Memorial Stadium seated 94,113 (but has subsequently been expanded to 101,000 [23] and will soon be expanded further), and the Gaylord Family Oklahoma Memorial Stadium holds 82,112.[24] Additionally, the Cotton Bowl has no luxury suites, is cramped, has narrow seats and its plumbing can be faulty. Renovations to the stadium, however, were completed shortly before the 2008 match solving many of these problems.[citation needed]

text: To ensure that the game – which produces about $17 million annually for local businesses — stays in Dallas, Dallas mayor Laura Miller supported a bond referendum to pay for more expansion and renovation at the Cotton Bowl.[citation needed] Additionally, the governing board of the State Fair engaged a consultant to prepare plans for a complete renovation. In November 2006, Dallas voters passed a $30 million bond issue for improvements to the stadium in addition to $20 million to come from the city and the State Fair of Texas.[citation needed]

text: Texas and Oklahoma agreed in 2006 to keep their game at the Cotton Bowl through 2010, but the future of the series remained in doubt. In February 2007, the AT&T Cotton Bowl Classic announced it would move to Cowboys Stadium in Arlington in 2010. The game received a subsidy of $700,000 from the city of Dallas, which ended when the game moved out of Dallas.

text: In April 2007, Texas and Oklahoma agreed to keep the game at Fair Park through 2015. The deal increased payouts to the two schools from $250,000 to $850,000, funded in part by the savings from the end of the Cotton Bowl Classic's grant. The stadium was renovated with a new video scoreboard, new seats, and many other improvements. Its capacity was increased to more than 90,000 due to the addition of surrounding upper decks in both end zones.

text: On June 10, 2014, Dallas officials announced that the football game between Texas and OU would be held at Fair Park through 2025.[25]

text: Game results[edit]

text: This section does not cite any sources. Please help improve this section by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. (April 2018) (Learn how and when to remove this template message)

text: Rankings taken from the AP Poll released prior to the game.[citation needed]

text:
Oklahoma victories
Texas victories
Tie games

text:
No.
Date
Location
Winner
Score

1
1900
Austin
Texas
28–2

2
1901
Austin
Texas
12–6

3
1901
Norman
Texas
11–0

4
1902
Austin
Texas
22–6

5
1903
Austin
Tie
6–6

6
1903
Norman
Texas
11–5

7
1904
Austin
Texas
40–10

8
1905
Oklahoma City
Oklahoma
2–0

9
1906
Oklahoma City
Texas
10–9

10
1907
Austin
Texas
29–10

11
1908
Norman
Oklahoma
50–0

12
1909
Austin
Texas
30–0

13
1910
Austin
Oklahoma
3–0

14
1911
Austin
Oklahoma
6–3

15
1912
Dallas
Oklahoma
21–6

16
1913
Houston
Texas
14–6

17
1914
Dallas
Texas
32–7

18
1915
Dallas
Oklahoma
14–13

19
1916
Dallas
Texas
21–7

20
1917
Dallas
Oklahoma
14–0

21
1919
Dallas
Oklahoma
12–7

22
1922
Norman
Texas
32–7

23
1923
Austin
Texas
26–14

24
1929
Dallas
Texas
21–0

25
1930
Dallas
Texas
17–7

26
1931
Dallas
Texas
3–0

27
1932
Dallas
Texas
17–10

28
1933
Dallas
Oklahoma
9–0

29
1934
Dallas
Texas
19–0

30
1935
Dallas
Texas
12–7

31
1936
Dallas
Texas
6–0

32
1937
Dallas
Tie
7–7

33
1938
Dallas
Oklahoma (#14)
13–0

34
1939
Dallas
Oklahoma (#3)
24–12

35
1940
Dallas
Texas
19–16

36
1941
Dallas
Texas
40–7

37
1942
Dallas
Texas
7–0

38
1943
Dallas
Texas
13–7

39
1944
Dallas
Texas
20–0

40
1945
Dallas
Texas (#10)
12–7

41
1946
Dallas
Texas (#1)
20–13

42
1947
Dallas
Texas (#3)
34–14

43
1948
Dallas
Oklahoma (#16)
20–14

44
1949
Dallas
Oklahoma (#3)
20–14

45
1950
Dallas
Oklahoma (#3)
14–13

46
1951
Dallas
Texas (#6)
9–7

47
1952
Dallas
Oklahoma (#12)
49–20

48
1953
Dallas
Oklahoma (#16)
19–14

49
1954
Dallas
Oklahoma (#1)
14–7

50
1955
Dallas
Oklahoma (#3)
20–0

51
1956
Dallas
Oklahoma (#1)
45–0

52
1957
Dallas
Oklahoma (#1)
21–7

53
1958
Dallas
Texas (#16)
15–14

54
1959
Dallas
Texas (#4)
19–12

55
1960
Dallas
Texas (#15)
24–0

56
1961
Dallas
Texas (#4)
28–7

57
1962
Dallas
Texas (#2)
9–6

No.
Date
Location
Winner
Score

58
1963
Dallas
Texas (#2)
28–7

59
1964
Dallas
Texas (#1)
28–7

60
1965
Dallas
Texas (#1)
19–0

61
1966
Dallas
Oklahoma
18–9

62
1967
Dallas
Texas
9–7

63
1968
Dallas
Texas
26–20

64
1969
Dallas
Texas (#2)
27–17

65
1970
Dallas
Texas (#2)
41–9

66
1971
Dallas
Oklahoma (#4)
48–27

67
1972
Dallas
Oklahoma (#2)
27–0

68
1973
Dallas
Oklahoma (#6)
52–13

69
1974
Dallas
Oklahoma (#2)
16–13

70
1975
Dallas
Oklahoma (#2)
24–17

71
1976
Dallas
Tie
6–6

72
1977
Dallas
Texas (#5)
13–6

73
1978
Dallas
Oklahoma (#1)
31–10

74
1979
Dallas
Texas (#4)
16–7

75
1980
Dallas
Texas (#3)
20–13

76
1981
Dallas
Texas (#3)
34–14

77
1982
Dallas
Oklahoma
28–22

78
1983
Dallas
Texas (#2)
28–16

79
1984
Dallas
Tie
15–15

80
1985
Dallas
Oklahoma (#2)
14–7

81
1986
Dallas
Oklahoma (#6)
47–12

82
1987
Dallas
Oklahoma (#1)
44–9

83
1988
Dallas
Oklahoma (#10)
28–13

84
1989
Dallas
Texas
28–24

85
1990
Dallas
Texas
14–13

86
1991
Dallas
Texas
10–7

87
1992
Dallas
Texas
34–24

88
1993
Dallas
Oklahoma (#10)
38–17

89
1994
Dallas
Texas (#15)
17–10

90
1995
Dallas
Tie
24–24

91
1996
Dallas
Oklahoma
30–27OT

92
1997
Dallas
Texas
27–24

93
1998
Dallas
Texas
34–3

94
1999
Dallas
Texas (#23)
38–28

95
2000
Dallas
Oklahoma (#10)
63–14

96
2001
Dallas
Oklahoma (#3)
14–3

97
2002
Dallas
Oklahoma (#2)
35–24

98
2003
Dallas
Oklahoma (#1)
65–13

99
2004
Dallas
Oklahoma (#2)
12–0

100
2005
Dallas
Texas (#2)
45–12

101
2006
Dallas
Texas (#7)
28–10

102
2007
Dallas
Oklahoma (#10)
28–21

103
2008
Dallas
Texas (#5)
45–35

104
2009
Dallas
Texas (#3)
16–13

105
2010
Dallas
Oklahoma (#8)
28–20

106
2011
Dallas
Oklahoma (#3)
55–17

107
2012
Dallas
Oklahoma (#13)
63–21

108
2013
Dallas
Texas
36–20

109
2014
Dallas
Oklahoma (#11)
31–26

110
2015
Dallas
Texas
24–17

111
2016
Dallas
Oklahoma (#20)
45–40

112
2017
Dallas
Oklahoma (#12)
29–24

Series: Texas leads 61–46–5


document_title: List of Major League Baseball career home run leaders

question_text: who leads the national league in home runs this year

root

text: Key[edit]

text:
Rank
Rank amongst leaders in career home runs. A blank field indicates a tie.

Player (2018 HRs)
Number of home runs hit during the 2018 Major League Baseball season.

HR
Total career home runs hit.

*

denotes elected to National Baseball Hall of Fame.

Bold

denotes active player.[a]

tag: table

text: List[edit]

text: Stats updated as of August 28, 2018.

tag: ul

text:
Rank

Player (2018 HRs)

HR

1

Barry Bonds

762

2

Hank Aaron *

755

3

Babe Ruth *

714

4

Alex Rodriguez

696

5

Willie Mays *

660

6

Albert Pujols (19)

633

7

Ken Griffey, Jr. *

630

8

Jim Thome*

612

9

Sammy Sosa

609

10

Frank Robinson *

586

11

Mark McGwire

583

12

Harmon Killebrew *

573

13

Rafael Palmeiro

569

14

Reggie Jackson *

563

15

Manny Ramirez

555

16

Mike Schmidt *

548

17

David Ortiz

541

18

Mickey Mantle *

536

19

Jimmie Foxx *

534

20

Willie McCovey *

521

Frank Thomas *

521

Ted Williams *

521

23

Ernie Banks *

512

Eddie Mathews *

512

25

Mel Ott *

511

26

Gary Sheffield

509

27

Eddie Murray *

504

28

Lou Gehrig *

493

Fred McGriff

493

30

Stan Musial *

475

Willie Stargell *

475

32

Carlos Delgado

473

33

Adrian Beltre (7)

469

34

Chipper Jones*

468

35

Miguel Cabrera (3)

465

Dave Winfield *

465

37

José Canseco

462

Adam Dunn

462

39

Carl Yastrzemski *

452

40

Jeff Bagwell *

449

Vladimir Guerrero*

449

42

Dave Kingman

442

43

Jason Giambi

440

44

Paul Konerko

439

45

Andre Dawson *

438

46

Carlos Beltrán

435

47

Juan González

434

Andruw Jones

434

49

Cal Ripken, Jr. *

431

50

Mike Piazza *

427

51

Billy Williams *

426

52

Darrell Evans

414

53

Alfonso Soriano

412

54

Mark Teixeira

409

55

Duke Snider *

407

56

Andrés Galarraga

399

Al Kaline *

399

58

Dale Murphy

398

59

Joe Carter

396

60

Jim Edmonds

393

61

Graig Nettles

390

62

Johnny Bench *

389

63

Aramis Ramírez

386

64

Dwight Evans

385

65

Harold Baines

384

66

Larry Walker

383

67

Frank Howard

382

Ryan Howard

382

Jim Rice *

382

70

Albert Belle

381

71

Orlando Cepeda *

379

Tony Pérez *

379

73

Matt Williams

378

74

Norm Cash

377

Jeff Kent

377

text:
Rank

Player (2018 HRs)

HR

76

Edwin Encarnación (28)

376

Carlton Fisk *

376

78

Rocky Colavito

374

79

Gil Hodges

370

80

Todd Helton

369

Ralph Kiner *

369

82

Lance Berkman

366

83

Joe DiMaggio *

361

84

Gary Gaetti

360

85

Johnny Mize *

359

86

Yogi Berra *

358

Carlos Lee

358

88

Nelson Cruz (32)

355

Greg Vaughn

355

90

Luis Gonzalez

354

Lee May

354

92

Torii Hunter

353

93

Ellis Burks

352

94

Dick Allen

351

95

Chili Davis

350

96

George Foster

348

97

José Bautista (11)

342

Ron Santo *

342

99

Jack Clark

340

100

Tino Martinez

339

Dave Parker

339

Boog Powell

339

103

Don Baylor

338

104

Joe Adcock

336

105

Darryl Strawberry

335

106

Moisés Alou

332

Bobby Bonds

332

108

Hank Greenberg *

331

Derrek Lee

331

110

Curtis Granderson (11)

330

111

Shawn Green

328

Mo Vaughn

328

113

Jermaine Dye

325

Willie Horton

325

115

Gary Carter *

324

Lance Parrish

324

117

Ron Gant

321

118

Vinny Castilla

320

Troy Glaus

320

120

Cecil Fielder

319

Prince Fielder

319

122

Roy Sievers

318

123

Adrian Gonzalez (6)

317

George Brett *

317

125

Ryan Braun (14)

316

Ron Cey

316

Scott Rolen

316

128

Jeromy Burnitz

315

Matt Holliday (1)

315

130

Reggie Smith

314

131

Iván Rodríguez *

311

132

Jay Buhner

310

133

Edgar Martínez

309

134

Greg Luzinski

307

Al Simmons *

307

Miguel Tejada

307

137

Robinson Canó (5)

306

Fred Lynn

306

Richie Sexson

306

Rubén Sierra

306

141

Raúl Ibañez

305

David Justice

305

Reggie Sanders

305

144

Steve Finley

304

145

Rogers Hornsby *

301

146

Chuck Klein *

300

147

Giancarlo Stanton (32)

299

Tim Salmon

299

149

Rickey Henderson *

297

150

Magglio Ordóñez

294

text:
Rank

Player (2018 HRs)

HR

Robin Ventura

294

152

Kent Hrbek

293

Mark Reynolds (12)

293

154

Pat Burrell

292

Rusty Staub

292

156

Craig Biggio *

291

Jimmy Wynn

291

158

Bobby Abreu

288

Del Ennis

288

Bob Johnson

288

Hank Sauer

288

162

Garret Anderson

287

Bobby Bonilla

287

Brian Giles

287

Bernie Williams

287

166

Carlos Peña

286

Frank Thomas

286

168

Will Clark

284

Eric Karros

284

170

Chris Davis (16)

283

171

Ken Boyer

282

Eric Davis

282

Ryne Sandberg *

282

Justin Upton (26)

282

175

Jay Bruce (4)

281

Paul O'Neill

281

177

Ted Kluszewski

279

178

Mike Cameron

278

Ryan Klesko

278

180

Matt Kemp (18)

277

Rudy York

277

182

Brian Downing

275

Evan Longoria (14)

275

Roger Maris

275

Dean Palmer

275

Jorge Posada

275

187

Dante Bichette

274

188

Steve Garvey

272

189

Tom Brunansky

271

Raúl Mondesí

271

George Scott

271

192

Vernon Wells

270

193

Hanley Ramírez (6)

269

194

Brian McCann (5)

268

Joe Morgan *

268

Brooks Robinson *

268

Gorman Thomas

268

198

George Hendrick

267

Mike Napoli (0)

267

200

Vic Wertz

266

Joey Votto (9)

266

202

George Bell

265

Matt Stairs

265

204

Adam Jones (13)

264

Bobby Thomson

264

206

Ryan Zimmerman (12)

263

207

Danny Tartabull

262

208

Eric Chavez

260

Derek Jeter

260

Javy López

260

Tim Wallach

260

212

Chase Utley (1)

259

213

Bob Allison

256

Larry Parrish

256

Vada Pinson

256

216

Kirk Gibson

255

Adam LaRoche

255

John Mayberry

255

John Olerud

255

220

Larry Doby *

253

Joe Gordon *

253

Andre Thornton

253

Todd Zeile

253

224

Bret Boone

252

Bobby Murcer

252

text:
Rank

Player (2018 HRs)

HR

Joe Torre *

252

226

Tony Armas

251

Tony Clark

251

Cy Williams

251

Robin Yount *

251

231

José Valentín

249

232

Goose Goslin *

248

Ted Simmons

248

234

Ian Kinsler (13)

247

Justin Morneau

247

Vern Stephens

247

237

Ken Singleton

246

238

Deron Johnson

245

Nick Swisher

245

Mickey Tettleton

245

241

Lou Whitaker

244

Hack Wilson *

244

243

Víctor Martínez (6)

243

244

Dusty Baker

242

Sal Bando

242

Wally Berger

242

Roy Campanella *

242

J. D. Drew

242

Aubrey Huff

242

David Wright

242

251

Jesse Barfield

241

Cecil Cooper

241

Rick Monday

241

254

Jeff Burroughs

240

Roberto Clemente *

240

256

Dolph Camilli

239

Ken Caminiti

239

258

Earl Averill *

238

Ray Lankford

238

260

Doug DeCinces

237

Gus Zernial

237

262

Gabby Hartnett *

236

263

Johnny Damon

235

Bill Nicholson

235

Ben Oglivie

235

Dan Uggla

235

267

Gary Matthews

234

Kevin Mitchell

234

Paul Molitor *

234

270

Cliff Floyd

233

271

Mike Trout (31)

232

272

Jimmy Rollins

231

273

Rob Deer

230

Carlos González (15)

230

275

Nomar Garciaparra

229

Jayson Werth

229

277

Howard Johnson

228

Dick Stuart

228

Hal Trosky

228

280

Marquis Grissom

227

281

Johnny Callison

226

282

Bobby Grich

224

Troy Tulowitzki (0)

224

284

Bobby Doerr *

223

Travis Fryman

223

Mike Lowell

223

287

Jason Bay

222

Don Mattingly

222

Hunter Pence (2)

222

290

Tony Batista

221

Geoff Jenkins

221

292

Tony Oliva

220

293

Jim Bottomley *

219

Al Oliver

219

Joe Pepitone

219

296

Bob Horner

218

Andrew McCutchen (15)

218

Mark Trumbo (17)

218

299

Benito Santiago

217

300

Ron Fairly

215

Pedro Guerrero

215

Chet Lemon

215

Mike Sweeney

215


document_title: Ashley Peacock

question_text: who was married to ashley in coronation street

text: Ashley Peacock

text: Character Development[edit]

text: Background[edit]

text: Ashley is the son of Fred Elliott (John Savident) and Kathleen Gutteridge (Elizabeth Rider). He was conceived when his father had a relationship with Kathleen who was an employee at his family's shop. Fred proposed to Kathleen, wanting to provide stability for his son but Kathleen rejected his proposal as she did not want to be tied down at a young age. When Ashley was born, Kathleen agreed to let Fred's sister Beryl Peacock (Anny Tobin) and her husband Sam, raise Ashley as their own son. Ashley grew up believing Fred was his uncle and Beryl was his mother.

tag: p

text: Storylines[edit]

text: Ashley is first seen doing bicycle deliveries for his uncle, Fred, from his butcher's shop. Fred sends Ashley to Rita Sullivan (Barbara Knox) with a parcel of rump steak. Rita doesn't want it as she doesn't want to be obligated to Fred. Jamie does his puncture trick on Ashley's bike and is paid again. Kelly Thomson (Sarah Moffett) is pleased to see Ashley, her old school friend. She gives him a cup of tea and is pleased to discover that he's not going out with anyone. She tells him that his old girlfriend Margaret was two timing him all the time. She is embarrassed when Sally Webster (Sally Dynevor) matchmakes between them. Ashley and Kelly arrange to have a date in The Rovers, both terribly shy of actually asking the other out. Ashley feels bold enough to kiss Kelly but runs off in case Fred catches him. Ashley tells Judy that Fred intends to sell the horse for horsemeat. Ashley and Kelly plan to spend the night together at No.1 in Ken Barlow's (William Roache) absence. Ashley spends the night with Kelly at No.1. Emily Bishop (Eileen Derbyshire) sees Ashley leaving No.1 in the morning and realises that he spent the night with Kelly. Ken returns from the course to find Ashley wearing his dressing gown. Emily is annoyed when Ashley accuses her of telling Ken about him staying the night with Kelly. Emily tells Ken that she's not going to tell tales on Kelly but admits Ashley stayed the night. Kelly and Ashley have to cancel an evening out in Blackpool as Ken has an emergency meeting. Ashley tells Kelly that Ken puts on her but she accuses him of being selfish. Ashley apologises to Kelly and tells her that he's fed up as they never get any privacy. Ashley asks for time off as he has enteritis. However, Fred discovers that he's helping Kelly to move into Ken's house. A row ensues and Ashley gets fired. Ashley refuses to make amends with Fred. Kelly asks Rita to persuade Fred to take Ashley back as Ashley's too scared to approach Fred. Rita asks Fred to give Ashley a second chance but he tells her to let him run his business his way. She is put out. Rita explains to Kelly that she had no luck with Fred in getting Ashley's job back. Fred reinstates Ashley.

text: Ashley doesn't like his mother's boyfriend Trevor and feels they want him to leave home. Kelly tells Ashley that Don Brennan (Geoffrey Hinsliff) needs a lodger and it would be handy as it's only two doors from her. Don shows Ashley around No.5. Ashley likes it but Kelly is wary of Don. Kelly thinks that No.5 isn't the right house for Ashley as she doesn't like Don. Ashley moves into No.5. Don tells him that now he has his rent money he doesn't need to work so many night shifts. Ashley is disappointed as he was hoping to entertain Kelly. Ashley's plans to go out with Kelly are spoiled when Don drags him onto a poker game. Kelly is furious when he stands her up as he enjoys the game and wins the others money. Don advises Ashley to be masterful with Kelly. Ashley tells Kelly that he's not weak and is stunned when she slams the door in his face. Kelly is upset that Ashley is trying to act macho. Fred is annoyed by the new masterful Ashley and blames Kelly for changing him but she tells him that it's Don's fault. Fred advises Ashley to show Kelly he's the boss by grabbing her for a kiss. Kelly is pleased when Ashley kisses her passionately and apologises but he oversteps the mark when he tells her to shut up so she slams the door on him again. Kelly and Ashley make-up and she admits that she does enjoy it when he's forceful. Kelly tells Ashley that she fears she'll have to go home to her parents and hints about them getting a flat together but he doesn't pick up on the hint as he likes his independence at No.5. Kelly moves back home with Ashley's help. Ashley and Kelly have a tearful farewell when she leaves for Scotland. He gives her a charm bracelet to remember him by. Don breaks open Ashley's present to him - a bottle of whisky. Ashley keeps Don company. Ashley brings Don out of himself by talking to him about gambling.

text: After his relationship with Kelly ends, Ashley is involved in an on-off relationship with Maxine Heavey (Tracy Shaw). Eventually, Maxine moves in with Ashley at No.4 - Fred's house. When teenage runaway Zoe Tattersall (Joanne Froggatt) comes to Coronation Street, Ashley feels sorry for her and allows her to move in but Maxine is uncomfortable with the arrangement and leaves. Eventually Ashley falls in love with Zoe and sets out to be a provider for her and her baby daughter, Shannon. However, Zoe exploits Ashley's good nature and runs off to join a cult after Shannon dies of meningitis.

text: In 1999, Ashley and Maxine get back together, and finally marry in September. Ashley also finds out that his uncle, Fred, is actually his biological father. Fred tells Ashley about Kathleen and her reluctance to be a mother at a young age. Fred also explains to Ashley that Beryl, who he believed to be his mother, is actually his aunt, and that Fred let her raise Ashley so he could watch him grow up. Ashley decides that he wants to meet his birth mother but Fred begs him not to, believing it would hurt Beryl. Ashley, however, tracks Kathleen down to her home in Oldham. He is initially very bitter towards her for abandoning him but they reconcile and Ashley lets Kathleen attend his and Maxine's wedding.

text: Ashley and Maxine decide to have a baby and after months of trying, it is discovered that Ashley needs minor surgery. While he is in hospital overnight, Maxine gets drunk and has a one-night stand with local doctor Matt Ramsden (Stephen Beckett) and subsequently becomes pregnant with his child. When Joshua (Benjamin Beresford) is born in 2002, Maxine lets Ashley believe that he is the father and Ashley is named on the birth certificate. Maxine tells Ashley the truth and he is hurt and betrayed by her actions, but he forgives her and agrees to raise Joshua as his son and asks her never to reveal to anybody that he is not Joshua's biological father. In January 2003, Maxine is murdered by Richard Hillman (Brian Capron), leaving Ashley devastated. At Maxine's funeral, her boss Audrey Roberts (Sue Nicholls) causes a scene and accuses Richard of murdering Maxine and attempting to kill her and Emily. Later at the wake in The Rovers', Ashley is very angry with Audrey and does not accept her apology. However, he accepts the support of Audrey's daughter, Gail (Helen Worth), Richard's wife. Ashley is further devastated when a blood test confirms that Matt is indeed Joshua's biological father.

text: Ashley realizes that he needs help looking after Joshua and hires a nanny, Claire Casey (Julia Haworth). Ashley and Claire bond over Joshua and they eventually fall in love. In September 2004, Ashley proposes to Claire in The Rovers and she accepts. They get married on Christmas Day 2004. In November 2005, Fred challenges another butcher, Eddie Maddocks, to a boxing match between Ashley and Eddie's son, Marvin, a local boxing champion. On the day of the fight, Fred drops a weight on Ashley's foot and he is hospitalised. Ashley recovers and goes ahead with the fight but a riot breaks out amongst the spectators. In order to restore order, Ashley and Marvin agree on a tie.

text: On their first wedding anniversary in December 2005, Claire tells Ashley that she is pregnant. Their son Thomas is born on 17 July 2006. Around the same time, Matt contacts Ashley and demands access to Joshua. Ashley refuses and the matter goes to court. Eventually, Claire persuades Ashley to make Matt an offer of limited access which he accepts but ends up delivering Claire's baby when she goes into labour and congratulates Ashley on becoming a father himself. Ashley supports Claire when she suffers from post-natal depression and is sectioned after trying to kill Thomas. Ashley stands by Claire during her ordeal and they reconcile when she is allowed home.

text: In October 2006, Ashley is devastated when Fred dies of a heart attack. Fred was due to marry Bev Unwin (Susie Blake) but visited his former lover, Audrey's, house. Although Ashley swore that Fred and Audrey were not having an affair, not everyone believed him. Ashley had to cope with losing his father and people gossiping about why Fred had been at Audrey's house. Ashley blamed Audrey for Fred's death because she told him that she loved him and wished he was marrying her instead of Bev. Ashley is comforted by Claire who suggests that they rename their son Freddie, in Fred's honour. Ashley takes over the running of his father's shop.

text: In May 2007, whilst Ashley and Joshua visit Maxine's parents, the Peacocks' house is set on fire. Claire is rescued but Freddie is missing and is later found in a local park. Claire suspects her former friend Casey Carswell (Zoe Henry) but Ashley does not believe her. One day whilst Claire is out, Ashley kisses Casey and they agree to forget it ever happened. However, Casey has no intention of forgetting anything, manipulating Ashley into having an affair. They are almost caught when Claire returns from a trauma support group. Feeling guilty about his affair, Ashley tells Audrey and Kevin Webster (Michael Le Vell). Ashley decides to make his marriage work and ends things with Casey but, adamant that Ashley loves her, Casey pesters him constantly. Claire becomes suspicious, as Casey had stayed with Ashley while she was away, and she asks Ashley if he had slept with Casey but he denies it. Casey becomes obsessed with Ashley and is prepared to do anything to get his attention, eventually kidnapping Freddie and takes him to her house, knowing Ashley would come to get him. When Ashley arrives, he is horrified to see Casey has photos of him everywhere. He tries to reason with her but Claire barges in and Audrey, who also accompanied them, calls the police. Claire talks to Casey and she reveals her affair with Ashley. Claire rescues Freddie, and Casey is arrested and admits starting the fire at the Peacocks' house. After Ashley and Casey's affair is revealed, Claire tells Ashley that their marriage is over. He moves out, staying briefly with the Websters before moving in with Audrey, Bill Webster (Peter Armitage) and her grandson, David Platt (Jack P. Shepherd). Ashley sees Joshua and Freddie regularly but it is clear that Claire is angry and hurt by his actions. She struggles with childcare and work but cannot bring herself to forgive Ashley until Audrey convinces her to do so and the couple reconcile.

text: During 2008, Claire is shocked to discover that she and Ashley are struggling financially. Ashley confesses to using their savings to keep the butcher's shop going so Claire discusses housing options with Sally when she mentions that her daughters, Rosie (Helen Flanagan) and Sophie Webster (Brooke Vincent), are getting too old to share a room. Ashley and Claire's sons are young enough for room sharing not to be a problem so Claire and Sally decide to swap houses. Initially, Ashley and Kevin are reluctant to move but are persuaded to do so by their wives. The couples agree to value the houses and the Websters agree to give the Peacocks the difference in cash. Eventually, the purchase price is agreed and both families move.

text: In July 2009, Claire is rushed into hospital after collapsing due to a near-fatal blood clot, brought on by a miscarriage. Claire and Ashley were unaware that Claire was pregnant. During her recovery, Claire decides not to have any more children and insists Ashley have a vasectomy. He agrees but when he arrives at the clinic for the surgery, he changes his mind and goes home, telling Claire that he has had it done. Eventually however, he tells her the truth, causing tension between the couple; eventually he agrees to have the operation.

text: On 10 November 2008, Ashley employs Graeme Proctor (Craig Gazey) at his shop following the teenager's release from a Young Offenders Institution and he and Ashley form a close bond and friendship.[3] Since Autumn 2009, Ashley developed a friendship with Steve McDonald (Simon Gregson) due to Claire's newly developed friendship with Steve's wife, Becky (Katherine Kelly).

text: In August 2010, Claire is babysitting Joshua, Freddie, Aadi Alahan (Zennon Ditchett), Asha Alahan (Tanisha Gorey) and Simon Barlow (Alex Bain). She is forced to leave the children when her mother is taken ill and asks Sophie and Sian Powers (Sacha Parkinson) to watch the children. Whilst she is gone, Aadi and Simon have a fight and Aadi hits his head and later collapses and is rushed to hospital. He recovers and Aadi's parents, Dev (Jimmi Harkishin) and Sunita Alahan (Shobna Gulati), tell the police Claire was babysitting. When Claire is questioned, she tells the police about Sophie and Sian babysitting. Claire later tells Ashley she is concerned that her past mental health problems will be brought up but he reassures her that she has nothing to worry about. The Peacocks are angry with the Alahans for telling the police about Claire. After the police question Sophie and Sian, Sally confronts the Peacocks at Roy (David Neilson) and Hayley Cropper's (Julie Hesmondhalgh) wedding and accuses Claire of using the girls as a scapegoat and causing Aadi's injury herself and mocks her former mental health problems. Claire then reveals that Sophie and Sian are lesbians and that she saw them kissing after returning home but the girls deny it. Ashley and Claire leave the ceremony and Claire shouts at Sophie as they walk past her for letting everyone believe that she is a liar.

text: Claire then goes to stay with her mother and leaves Joshua and Freddie with Ashley. Ashley is angry with Sunita when she comes into the butchers to ask after Claire and he orders her to leave. When the truth is revealed about Simon causing Aadi's injury, Ashley angrily confronts Simon's father Peter Barlow (Chris Gascoyne) and accuses Simon of lying to cover his tracks and causing Claire's problems. Peter apologises to Ashley. When Claire returns home, Sunita comes round to apologize but the Peacocks do not accept it and Ashley orders Sunita to leave.

text: In order to put her ordeal behind her, Claire asks Ashley if they can move away from Weatherfield for a fresh start. Ashley is reluctant at first but agrees. However, Claire's mother Yvonne (Yvonne O'Grady) later visits and she convinces Claire to move to France, where she lives. Claire is enthusiastic and agrees but Ashley changes his mind about moving, not wanting to leave the country.

text: In October 2010, Ashley is closing the butcher's shop when he witnesses Graeme get run over by his former friend David. Ashley calls an ambulance and has to restrain Graeme's girlfriend, Tina McIntyre (Michelle Keegan), David's ex-girlfriend, from attacking David. Ashley and Claire accompany Graeme to the hospital and Ashley believes Claire is having second thoughts about leaving. Ashley is angry with David and accuses him of deliberately running Graeme over, saying some horrible comments. However, upon learning that David had an epileptic fit at the wheel and did not mean to run Graeme over, he feels guilty and apologises off-screen.

text: In order to change Ashley's mind about moving, Claire arranges a romantic meal for them but Ashley realises that she is trying to win him round when he notices that the food and wine is French. Ashley refuses to move again, but suddenly feels a pain in his chest. Believing he is having a heart attack, Claire rushes him to hospital. Ashley discovers that he was suffering from indigestion but he does not tell Claire this and he lets her continue thinking that he has heart problems in order for her to change her mind about moving and it works. Ashley is given indigestion tablets and removes them from their packet and puts them in a biscuit tin in the kitchen. Later, Joshua feeds Freddie one of Ashley's pills and Claire panics and takes Freddie to hospital. Ashley is forced to admit that the tablets were for indigestion and not heart problems. When Claire returns home she apologises to Ashley for forcing him to move and tells him that she will move to France alone, with Joshua and Freddie and leave him behind.

text: Ashley is forced to sleep on the sofa and later gets drunk in The Rovers. Graeme and Tina take him home and let him spend the night at their flat in order to sleep off his hangover. Ashley attends Jack Dobbs' christening and Jack Duckworth (Bill Tarmey) asks him how things are between him and Claire. Ashley is forced to admit that his marriage may be over but Jack convinces Ashley to speak to Claire and he does so in The Rovers but they end up arguing again.

text: Jack dies from cancer two weeks later and at his funeral, Ashley comforts Claire. At Jack's wake, Ashley and Claire reconcile and he agrees to move to France with her. Ashley tells Graeme he will be selling the shop. Graeme is upset but wishes Ashley and Claire well.

text: On 6 December 2010, Ashley attends Peter's stag night at The Joinery Bar. Ashley gets drunk and decides to go home. He goes into the office to say goodbye to Peter. He wishes Peter well and tells him never to turn his back on his fiancée Leanne Battersby (Jane Danson). He also asks Peter to come and visit himself and Claire in France once they have settled down and the two men embrace. An explosion then tears through The Joinery, severing the overhead railway line and derailing a tram. Ashley is trapped in the office with Peter and bar manager Nick Tilsley (Ben Price). He then helps Nick free Peter who is buried under debris and badly injured. Ashley tries to search for a way out and realises he is seriously injured when he coughs up blood. He then tries to call Claire but gets no reply. He leaves a message on her phone telling her that he loves her and is looking forward to going to France with her and the boys. Ashley and Nick then manage to carry Peter to a hole in the wall after hearing firefighters call out to them. The roof starts to collapse and Ashley is trapped but holds the ceiling up long enough for Nick to pass Peter out to safety. Nick offers to stay behind and help Ashley but realising it is too late to save himself, Ashley shouts at Nick to get out and save himself. The roof then gives way and Ashley is crushed to death. Claire then listens to the voicemail that Ashley left her whilst he was trapped in the joinery.

text: A distraught Claire then goes with Graeme to identify Ashley's body at the morgue. Ashley's funeral was held on 16 December 2010, off-screen. The character has been referenced to several times since his death.

text: Reception[edit]

text: For his portrayal of Ashley, Arnold was nominated in the category of "Most Popular Actor" at the 1999 National Television Awards.[4]


document_title: Lunar south pole

question_text: what are the coordinates for the south pole of the moon

text: Lunar south pole

text: Geography[edit]

text: The lunar south pole is located on the center base of the far side of the moon (80°S to 90°S)[3] and covers a distance of about 1250 km.[4] The lunar south pole has shifted 5 degrees from where it previously was billions of years ago. This shift has changed the rotational axis of the moon allowing sunlight to reach areas of the moon previously shadowed. The axis spin is 88.5 degrees from the plane of the elliptic. The south pole contains areas of permanent darkness, where the sunlight never reaches. On the contrary, the pole also contains areas with permanent exposure to sunlight. The south pole contains many craters and basins such as the South Pole-Aitken basin; which appears to be one of the most fundamental features of the moon.[5] The south pole contains mountains such as Epsilon Peak which is taller than any mountain found on earth.[4] The south pole is thermally benign, ranging at an average of 250–270 kelvins.[5]

text: Craters[edit]

text: The rotational axis of the Moon lies within Shackleton Crater. Notable craters nearest to the lunar south pole include De Gerlache, Sverdrup, Shoemaker, Faustini, Haworth, Nobile and Cabeus.

text: Exploration[edit]

text: Spacecraft from several countries have explored the region around the lunar south pole. Extensive studies were conducted by the Lunar Orbiter, Clementine, Lunar Prospector, Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter, Kaguya, and Chandrayaan. NASA's LCROSS mission found a significant amount of water in Cabeus.[6] NASA’s LCROSS mission deliberately crashed into the floor of Cabeus and from samples found that it contained nearly 5% water.[7]

text: The Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter, or LRO, is a mission that has already begun and is currently mapping the lunar south pole. This mission will help scientists see if the Lunar south pole has enough sustainable resources to have a permanent station.The LRO had a Diviner Lunar Radiometer Experiment, commonly known as Diviner, on board which investigated the radiation and thermophysical properties of the south pole surface. The Diviner is designed to watch the thermal environment of the south pole. It can detect reflected solar radiation and internal infrared emissions. The LRO Diviner was able to detect where water and ice could be trapped on the surface.[8]

text: The lunar south pole is suitable a for a lunar outpost. The permanently shadowed places on the moon could contain ice and other minerals, which would be vital resources for future explorers. The mountain peaks near the pole are illuminated for large periods of time and could be used to provide solar energy to an outpost. With an outpost on the moon scientists will be able to analyze fossil and water samples dating back to the beginning of the Solar System.[3] One place scientists deemed as an ideal spot for future landing missions. Connecting Ridge is the ridge that connects Shackleton to the de Gerlache crater.[9] Scientists used LOLA (Lunar Orbiter Laser Altimeter) which was a device used by NASA to provide an accurate topographic model of the moon.[10] With this data locations on the south pole were found that yielded sunlight for 92.27% – 95.65% of the time based on altitude ranging from 2m above ground to 10m above ground. At the same spots it was discovered that the longest continuous periods of darkness were only 3 to 5 days.[9]

text: The Lunar South pole is a place where scientists may be able to use radio waves under 30 Hz. No place in space has been able to use radio waves of this frequency because the waves would interfere with Earth’s radio signals. The lunar south pole has mountains and basins that are not facing earth and would be an ideal place to project radio signals.[11]

text: Future[edit]

text: Future planned exploration of the Lunar south polar region includes a private mission by Shackleton Energy Company, no earlier than 2016. Shackleton intends to land a robotic precursor exploration rover to "identify and characterize the nature, composition and locations of the optimum ice concentrations at the north and Lunar south pole craters".[12]

text: Lunar Mission One[13] is a British-led, unmanned Moon mission announced in November 2014 and planned for 2024.[14] It will attempt to land on the lunar south pole, then drill down at least 20m and possibly as deep as 100m. This could dramatically improve the understanding of the Moon's composition, its geologic history and formation, revealing new clues about the early Solar System. The mission is attempting to gain crowdfunding on Kickstarter.[15]

text: Blue Origin is planning a mission to the south polar region in about 2020. This would lead to a series of missions landing equipment for a colony in a south polar region crater, using their Blue Moon lander.[16][17]

text: India's second lunar mission, Chandrayaan-2, scheduled to launch on April 2018 will attempt to soft-land a lander and rover in the south polar region of the moon. If successful, Chandrayaan-2 will be the first ever mission to land a rover on the moon's unexplored south pole. [18]

text: Discoveries[edit]

text: Illumination[edit]

text: The lunar south pole is one of the only spots in space that Illumination Conditions from the sun exist. These conditions at the Lunar South Pole have been observed using High Resolution Digital Terrain Models from LOLA.[9] In addition to its illumination conditions, its surface can also reflect solar wind as energetic neutral atoms. On average, 16% of these atoms have been protons that varies based on location. These atoms have created an integral flux of backscattered hydrogen atoms due to the reflected amount of plasma that exists on the surface of the moon. They also reveal the line boundary and the magnetic dynamics within the regions of these neutral atoms on the moon’s surface.[19]

text: Cold traps[edit]

text: Cold traps are some of the important places on the lunar south pole in terms of possible water and iced deposits. Cold traps can contain water and ice that were originally from comets, meteorites and solar wind induced iron reduction. From experiments and sample readings scientists were able to confirm that cold traps do contain ice. Hydroxyl has also been found in these cold traps. The discovery of these two compounds has led to the founding of missions focusing primarily on the lunar poles using global scale infrared detection. The ice stays in these traps only because of the thermal behavior of the moon. These thermal behaviors are controlled by thermophysical properties, scattered sunlight, thermal re-radiation, internal heat and light given off by the earth. With the cold temperatures in the cold traps delivering ice could be a possibility in the near future, since it would not melt.[8]

text: Magnetic surface[edit]

text: In addition to the amount of cold traps discovered, there also exists areas of the moon where the crust is magnetized. This is what is known as the magnetic anomaly that exists on the surface of the moon due to the remnants of metal iron that was emplaced by the SPA basin-forming impactor. The observations of the moon’s surface were conducted using iron perspected maps to locate the concentration of iron that is embedded in the moon’s surface. However, the concentration of iron that was theorized to be in the basin was not present in the mappings, but other plausible ideas were still possible to detect this amount of iron. With regards to the SPA Impactor,the iron causing the magnetic fluctuations could still be present, but were not detected as they could be too deep in the moon’s crust for the mappings to detect or caused by another anomaly that did not involve metallic properties. In addition, the findings were proven inadequate due to the inconsistencies between the maps that were used and they were not able to detect the magnitude of the magnetic fluctuations that occurred from the moon’s surface.[20]


document_title: Hurricane Matthew

question_text: what category was hurricane matthew when he hit florida

text: Hurricane Matthew

text: Meteorological history[edit]

text: A vigorous tropical wave moved off the coast of Africa on September 22 and moved rapidly across the Atlantic, being monitored by the National Hurricane Center (NHC) for possible tropical cyclogenesis. Despite possessing tropical-storm winds as it approached the Lesser Antilles on September 27, the wave could not initially be classified as a tropical cyclone, as reconnaissance aircraft could not find a closed center. However, by 12:00 UTC on September 28, the wave developed a closed circulation while located near Barbados, hence becoming a tropical storm, and was assigned the name Matthew. Continuing westward under the influence of a mid-level ridge, the storm steadily intensified to attain hurricane intensity by 18:00 UTC on September 29. The effects of southwesterly wind shear unexpectedly abated late that day, and Matthew began a period of explosive intensification; during a 24-hour period beginning at 00:00 UTC on September 30, the cyclone's maximum winds more than doubled, from 80 mph (130 km/h) to 165 mph (270 km/h), making Matthew a Category 5 hurricane,[1] the first since Hurricane Felix in 2007;[3] the rate of intensification has only been exceeded a few times in the Atlantic since records began. Due to upwelling of cooler waters, Matthew weakened to a Category 4 hurricane later on October 1, before attaining a secondary peak intensity with winds of 155 mph (250 km/h) late on October 2.[1]

text: Slowly rounding the ridge, Matthew fluctuated in intensity within the Category 4 range from October 1–5. Intensification resumed again late on October 3 and culminated when Matthew made landfall near Les Anglais, Haiti, around 11:00 UTC on October 4 with winds of 150 mph (240 km/h) and a pressure of 934 millibars (27.6 inHg), making it the strongest to hit Haiti since Hurricane Cleo in 1964. Continuing northward, the hurricane struck Maisí in Cuba early on October 5 as a slightly weaker storm. Cuba's and Haiti's mountainous terrain weakened Matthew to Category 3 status, as it began to accelerate northwestwards through the Bahamas. Restrengthening occurred as Matthew's circulation became better organized, with the storm becoming a Category 4 hurricane again while passing Freeport. However, Matthew began to weaken again as an eyewall replacement cycle took place. The storm significantly weakened while closely paralleling the coasts of Florida and Georgia, with the northwestern portion of the outer eyewall coming ashore in Florida while the system was a Category 3 hurricane (with the strongest winds remaining just offshore). Matthew weakened to a Category 2 hurricane late on October 7 and then to a Category 1 hurricane by 12:00 UTC on October 8.[1]

text: Around 15:00 UTC on October 8, the hurricane made landfall at Cape Romain National Wildlife Refuge, near McClellanville, South Carolina, with winds of 85 mph (140 km/h) and a central pressure of 963 mbar (28.4 inHg), which made it the strongest to strike the United States in terms of pressure since Hurricane Isaac in 2012, and the first hurricane to make landfall north of Florida in October since Hurricane Hazel in 1954.[nb 1][4][1] Convection became displaced from the center as Matthew pulled away from land due to increasing wind shear, with the NHC declaring the system an extratropical cyclone about 200 mi (320 km) east of Cape Hatteras, North Carolina, on October 9. The remnants persisted for another day before they were absorbed by a cold front.[1]

text: Records[edit]

text: Matthew set several records during its long and destructive journey. Matthew intensified into a Category 5 hurricane at a latitude of 13.4 degrees north, breaking the record set by Hurricane Ivan in 2004, which had reached that intensity at a latitude of 13.7 degrees north.[1] Matthew also maintained at least Category 4 status for the longest duration on record for the month of October, according to Phil Klotzbach of Colorado State University, doing so for roughly 5 days.[5]

text: Preparations[edit]

text: Lesser Antilles and South America[edit]

text: On September 27, prior to Matthew becoming a tropical cyclone, LIAT began cancelling flights across the Windward Islands in anticipation of squally weather.[6] Schools and businesses were closed for the duration of Matthew's passage on September 27 and 28 on Grenada,[7] St. Vincent and St. Lucia; schools in Dominica suspended classes until October 3.[8][9] Hewanorra International Airport and George F. L. Charles Airport on St. Lucia were closed on September 28.[9] Six shelters were opened across the island; 133 sought refuge in them.[10] Upon the formation of Matthew as a tropical cyclone on September 28, governments across the Windward Islands issued tropical storm warnings in anticipation of gale-force winds.[11]

text: The storm's unusual south track prompted the issuance of tropical storm watches on September 28 for Aruba, Bonaire, Curaçao, and the northern coast of Colombia from the Colombia–Venezuela border to Riohacha.[12][13] North Atlantic hurricanes affecting South America are uncommon. The watch in Colombia was later upgraded to a warning on September 30 as Matthew continued on a west-southwest track near the country.[14] Residents across the ABC Islands were advised to board their homes and stock up on supplies, leading to long lines at supermarkets and gas stations.[15] Curaçao's government postponed the 2016 general election until October 5.[16] Government offices in Aruba closed for September 30.[15] A local sporting event, the Kingdom Tournament, was canceled in Aruba.[16] Schools across the Guajira Peninsula of Colombia suspended activities for September 30.[17] Officials opened shelters and closed beaches across the peninsula.[18]

text: Jamaica[edit]

text: With Matthew posing a significant threat to Jamaica, emergency officials ordered all fishermen on the nation's cays and banks to evacuate to the mainland on September 29. The following day, Prime Minister Andrew Holness held an emergency meeting regarding the hurricane and placed the government on high alert.[19] A hurricane watch was issued for the country on September 30,[20] and later upgraded to a warning on October 1.[21] Officials in Trelawny Parish placed 60 shelters on stand-by on October 2.[22] Supermarkets were overwhelmed with residents stocking up on supplies, and many reported empty shelves and low supplies of bread, kerosene, and candles. Many people boarded up their homes and protected their property with sand bags. One hundred female prisoners were relocated from a facility in St. Catherine Parish to another in Kingston. Toll fees along Highway 2000 were to be waived during the hours before Matthew's arrival. Service at both Norman Manley International Airport and Sangster International Airport was scheduled to be suspended during the evening of October 2 or by the morning of October 3.[23] The Jamaica Urban Transit Company scheduled to suspend services beginning at 6:00 p.m. local time.[24] The Jamaica Public Service informed residents that the power grid may be shut off during the storm if conditions become too severe.[25] Members of the Jamaica Defence Force were deployed nationwide in advance of the hurricane in order to more swiftly deal with its aftermath.[26]

text: Schools and government offices suspended operations starting on October 3.[27][28] A total of 900 shelters opened across Jamaica and the Urban Transit Company provided buses to evacuate people from Kingston to the National Arena. Local Minister Desmond McKenzie warned that the infrastructure of Kingston would be unable to handle the magnitude of rainfall expected.[27] Prime Minister Andrew Holness warned residents that Matthew could be more severe than Hurricane Gilbert which devastated the nation in 1988.[29]

text: Haiti[edit]

text: Though forecast to pass over Jamaica at the time, the large extent of tropical storm-force winds prompted the issuance of a tropical storm watch for Haiti's Tiburon Peninsula toward the border with the Dominican Republic.[20] Following an eastward shift in Matthew's predicted track, a hurricane watch was issued for much of Haiti on October 1, encompassing areas from Môle-Saint-Nicolas south to the Dominican Republic border;[30] this was upgraded to a warning just hours later.[21] The warning eventually encompassed the entire country by the afternoon of October 2.[31] Residents on outlying islands of Haiti were evacuated to the mainland.[32] Life-threatening rainfall was forecast to affect much of the nation,[33] with accumulations averaging 15 to 25 in (38 to 64 cm) along the southern coast with isolated peaks up to 40 in (100 cm).[34] Although government officials held meetings on storm preparation, Radio France Internationale reported that Haiti does not have the logistical capability to handle a large-scale disaster. Only 576 shelters, with a collective capacity of 90,000 people, were listed for all of southern Haiti.[35] According to the International Organization for Migration, 55,107 internally displaced persons remained in camps or hosting sites without adequate protection from the hurricane.[36]

text: Provisional President of Haiti Jocelerme Privert addressed the nation on October 2, urging those living along the coast and in poorly constructed homes to evacuate and comply with authorities.[37] Despite pleas from officials, many residents refused to leave their homes.[38] Schools were closed for October 3–4, though government offices remained open.[37] Nationwide, a total of 1,300 shelters were readied with a total capacity of 390,000 people. More than 18,000 volunteers and members of the Red Cross, community intervention teams, municipal committees, and local emergency services were readied to assist residents.[39] At least 500 people were evacuated from Jérémie.[40] Although civil protection officials took to the streets to warn people, many residents were unaware that Matthew was even approaching the country a day before its expected landfall.[41] Evacuations continued through the hurricane's landfall with the total number of people in shelters reaching 9,280 by 2:00 a.m. local time on October 4.[42]

text: On October 5, the Electoral Provisional Council postponed the presidential election, the second round of the legislative elections and the first round of the Senate elections until November 20.[43]

text: Dominican Republic[edit]

text: On the morning of October 2, a tropical storm warning was raised for the southern coast of the Dominican Republic from Barahona west to the Haitian border, and a tropical storm watch was issued for the northern coast from Puerto Plata west to the Haitian border.[44] At least 8,500 people were evacuated in southwestern areas of the country by the morning of October 3.[40]

text: Cuba and the Bahamas[edit]

text: The Meteorological Service of Cuba raised hurricane watches for all of southeastern Cuba on October 1, encompassing the provinces of Camagüey, Las Tunas, Granma, Holguín, Santiago de Cuba, and Guantánamo.[21] This was subsequently upgraded to a warning on October 2 for all provinces except Camagüey.[31] Non-essential personnel in the United States' Guantanamo Bay Naval Base began evacuations that day.[32] Evacuations of more than 1 million people across Cuba started that morning, including 252,000 in Santiago de Cuba, and 230,000 from Las Tunas with priority placed on those along the coast.[45][46] Across Santiago de Cuba, which suffered extensive damage from Hurricane Sandy in 2012, 218 shelters were opened and officials placed extra attention on Socapa, Caracoles, and Cayo Granma.[45] Emergency personnel, primarily doctors, were dispatched to high-risk areas and supplies were stockpiled.[46]

text: The Government of the Bahamas began issuing hurricane watches on October 2 for southeastern islands as well as the Turks and Caicos.[31] Flights across southern islands were cancelled and schools suspended operations beginning the following day.[47]

text: United States[edit]

text: On October 3, the governors of Florida and North Carolina declared a state of emergency.[48][49] The next day, South Carolina governor Nikki Haley ordered an evacuation for those residents living within one hundred miles (160 km) of the coast.[50] Interstate 26 in South Carolina eastbound between the coast and Columbia was reversed on Wednesday to facilitate movement away from the Lowcountry and Charleston areas.[51] Evacuations of Cape Lookout National Seashore in North Carolina began this day as well.[52] By October 4, North Carolina Governor Pat McCrory had ordered that evacuation be mandatory. A state of emergency was also declared for 13 counties in eastern Georgia.[53]

text: On October 5, Port Canaveral was closed by the U.S. Coast Guard, the first closure since 2004. Eight cruise ships and four cargo ships were scheduled to visit the port between October 5–9.[54] On Cape Canaveral, home to both civilian and military spaceflight facilities, no rockets or spacecraft were in vulnerable positions; at the time of Matthew's approach, the next launch was scheduled for November 4.[55] The Kennedy Space Center began preparations of the facilities on October 5. Older buildings at the KSC were designed to withstand winds of 105–125 mph (170–200 km/h); buildings constructed after 1992, when Category 5 Hurricane Andrew struck the Miami area, are built to withstand 130 mph (210 km/h) winds.[56] At Cape Canaveral Air Force Station, the U.S. Air Force's 45th Space Wing began disconnecting electric power to non-essential facilities on October 4.[55]

text: For the fourth time in its 45-year history, the Walt Disney World Resort closes its theme parks are Magic Kingdom, Epcot, Disney's Hollywood Studios and Disney's Animal Kingdom water parks are Blizzard Beach and Typhoon Lagoon, and Disney Springs were closed at 5:00 p.m. Eastern Time on October 6 and did not open on October 7.[57] This was the first time since 2004 that the parks have closed, all instances due to hurricanes. Other Orlando-area theme parks, including Universal Orlando resort and SeaWorld Orlando, also closed.[58]

text: The Southeastern Conference football matchup between LSU and Florida, scheduled for October 8 in Gainesville, was cancelled. The hurricane washed out NASCAR racing at Charlotte Motor Speedway on October 7 and 8, with the Drive for the Cure 300 race in the Xfinity Series originally scheduled for October 7 and the Bank of America 500 race in the Sprint Cup Series originally scheduled for October 8 both postponed until October 9.[59][60]

text: On October 6, U.S. President Barack Obama declared a federal state of emergency for Florida,[61] later extending to include Georgia and South Carolina.[62] Florida's governor Rick Scott urged over 1.5 million people to evacuate,[63] with Hurricane Matthew expected to make landfall by the evening of that day.[64] Several news anchors also issued dire warnings urging Floridians to evacuate.[65][66]

text: That same day, Georgia governor Nathan Deal ordered a mandatory evacuation for all areas of the state east of Interstate 95, and the Georgia Department of Public Safety reversed the eastbound lanes on a portion of Interstate 16 effective until the following day.[67][68]

text: Online response[edit]

text: On October 6, the conservative news aggregator Drudge Report—run by Matt Drudge—headlined a five-word comment on Matthew: "Storm Fizzle? Matthew Looks Ragged!" which linked to a Miami Herald article.[69][70] Drudge later used Twitter to claim that the National Hurricane Center was lying to the public about the intensity of the storm, stating that measurements from Nassau, Bahamas, did not match the 165 mph (270 km/h) gusts listed in public advisories. The tweets implied that the hurricane was not as dangerous as it seemed and that politicians were trying to "blame mankind,"[71] referring to a blog posting about Hillary Clinton.[71][72] This came on the heels of radio talk show host Rush Limbaugh's claims of the conspiracy to "sell" climate change.[73] The claims of conspiracy were posted as Matthew posed a dire threat to Florida's east coast and when residents across the state were being urged to evacuate immediately.[74] Drudge's commentary was quickly met with sharp condemnation and criticism from meteorologists and public officials. Democratic Representative Keith Ellison called the comments "irresponsible" and urged people to "not listen to this man."[71] Jason Samenow of The Washington Post described it as an "incredible and offensive accusation", and stated that it "may have introduced enough doubt to lead [residents] into a decision they will regret."[69]

text: Impact[edit]

text:
Deaths and damage by country

Region/Country
Fatalities
Missing
Damage
2016 (USD)
Ref(s)

Total
Direct
Indirect

The Bahamas
0
0
0
0
7008600000000000000♠$600 million
[75]

Canada
0
0
0
0
7006760000000000000♠$7.6 million
[76]

Colombia
1
1
0
0
N/A
[18]

Cuba
4
0
4
0
7009258000000000000♠$2.58 billion
[77]

Dominican Republic
4
4
0
0
N/A
[1][78]

Haiti
546
546
0
128
7009190000000000000♠$1.9 billion
[1][79][80]

Saint Vincent
and the Grenadines
1
1
0
0
N/A
[1][8]

United States
47
34
13
0
7010100000000000000♠$10 billion
[1]

Totals:
7002603000000000000♠603
586
17
128
7010150880000000000♠$15.1 billion

text: Lesser Antilles[edit]

text: On St. Vincent heavy rains caused landslides and flooding across the island. One person was killed in the town of Layou when a boulder broke loose and crushed him.[8] In nearby Buccament Bay, a river overtopped its banks, prompting at least 25 people to evacuate to emergency shelters. The Hermitage River rose by at least 3.6 ft (1.1 m) in one hour, and as a precautionary measure, the Central Water and Sewage Authority shut off all water service. Flooding also took place in Vermont, South Rivers, sections of Kingstown, Campden Park, Arnos Vale, and Langley Park. Debris deposited by flooded rivers rendered many roads impassable.[9]

text: Strong winds in excess of 60 mph (97 km/h) downed many trees and power lines on St. Lucia, leaving roughly 70 percent of the island without power. Landslides and flooding, the result of more than 10 in (250 mm) of rain accompanying the storm, damaged many homes and roads.[8] Rainfall at Hewanorra International Airport amounted to 13.19 in (335 mm).[81] The nation's banana crop suffered significant damage; 85 percent of farms reported losses. Two homes were destroyed, one in Bisee, and one in Gros Islet; several others were damaged. Roads in Castries, Gros-Islet, Dennery, and Soufriere became impassible from debris or landslides.[10] Some damage was also reported on Dominica, temporarily leaving many people without water and electricity.[8] Heavy rainfall in Grenada disrupted the water supply in multiple communities.[82]

text: In Martinique strong winds, which gusted up to 89 mph (143 km/h) in Saint-Pierre,[81] wreaked havoc on the power grid; roughly 55,000 people lost electricity. Numerous trees downed by the winds blocked roadways while heavy rains led to flooding. The main road from Fort-de-France to southern towns was rendered impassable during the storm. Approximately 4,000 people lost their water supply. Three people sustained minor injuries.[83]

text: ABC Islands and South America[edit]

text: The effects of Matthew across the ABC Islands were relatively limited despite its proximity. Some street flooding occurred on Aruba and Curaçao. Heavy winds were also experienced. There was some damage to cars after street flooding occurred. Outdoor bars and restaurants were damaged. [15] The Guajira Peninsula of Colombia saw its first heavy rain event in three years, leading to widespread flash flooding. One person drowned in a swollen river in Uribia;[18] 1.29 in (32.8 mm) of rain fell in 30 minutes in the town.[84] Rainfall in Cartagena reached 8.7 in (222 mm) during a 24-hour span and Santa Marta saw 5.5 in (140 mm).[85] Along coastal areas of the peninsula, large swells damaged buildings, prompting the evacuation of 380 people in Manaure.[17][18] Roughly 70 percent of Tucurinca flooded when the Magdalena River overtopped its banks; a nearby bridge collapsed, isolating some communities.[86] Approximately 73,000 people were affected by the floods.[85] The dangerous conditions produced by Matthew prevented thousands of people from voting in a peace agreement referendum.[87]

text: Jamaica[edit]

text: This section does not cite any sources. Please help improve this section by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. (September 2017) (Learn how and when to remove this template message)

text: Jamaica suffered relatively minor effects, characteristic of tropical storm conditions. Along the coast, rip currents and beach erosion was reported, with additional flooding due to rainfall occurring. Strong wind gusts tore at the island's vegetation, causing minor damage.

text: Haiti[edit]

text: Large swells reached the outlying Haitian island of Île-à-Vache on October 2, prompting the evacuation of 89 people.[88] Despite boating bans, many fishermen continued work in rough conditions. Consequently, two fishermen went missing on the morning of October 3: one near Saint-Jean-du-Sud and the other near Aquin; one was later found dead.[41] Antecedent rainfall associated with the outer bands of Matthew triggered flooding in several towns in southern Haiti and the Dominican Republic.[40] A person was killed when a tree fell on his home in Port Salut, while a 26-year-old man drowned while trying to rescue a child from a rushing river.[89]

text: Striking the Tiburon Peninsula as a Category 4 hurricane on the morning of October 4, Matthew was the strongest storm to directly impact Haiti since Hurricane Cleo in 1964. An anemometer at Antoine-Simon Airport in Les Cayes, east of where Matthew made landfall, measured a gust of 107 mph (172 km/h) before the station went offline. Gusts in the nation's capital city of Port-au-Prince reached 60 mph (97 km/h).[90] Communications with areas in the direct path of Matthew were lost, and tens of thousands of people became isolated as roads and bridges were destroyed. A major bridge connecting parts of Grand'Anse to the rest of the country collapsed during a flash flood. 80% of Jérémie,[91] along the north shore of the Tiburon Peninsula, suffered tremendous damage; homes were flattened and medical facilities suffered major damage. A radio host in Port-au-Prince stated that Jérémie was "pretty much wiped out from the seaboard all the way to the cathedral".[92]

text: Officially, 546 deaths were attributed to the storm in Haiti,[1] however local governments believed the death toll to be over 1,000; this value may have been overestimated.[93][94][95][96][97][98] According to the nation's Civil Protection Directorate, the death toll was 546 as of October 14, with 128 people missing and 439 injured.[79][80][99] This figure was later confirmed by the National Hurricane Center.[1] The government also estimates damages at close to $1.9 billion.[1][100] Approximately 2.1 million people were affected by the storm, of whom 1.4 million (12 percent of Haiti's population) were left in need of assistance. Furthermore, roughly 175,000 people were left homeless.[80]

text: Dominican Republic[edit]

text: The Dominican Republic reported significant rainfall and coastal flooding due to Matthew, an automated weather station in Cabo Rojo, Dominican Republic, measured 8.43 in (214 mm) of rain by the afternoon of October 3.[101] Four people died in the Dominican Republic after a house collapsed on top of them.[78]

text: Cuba[edit]

text:
Costliest Cuban hurricanes

Hurricane
Season
Damage

Ike
2008
7009730000000000000♠$7.3 billion
[102]

Matthew
2016
7009258000000000000♠$2.58 billion
[103]

Irma
2017
7009220000000000000♠$2.2 billion
[104]

Gustav
2008
7009210000000000000♠$2.1 billion
[102]

Michelle
2001
7009200000000000000♠$2 billion
[105]

Sandy
2012
7009200000000000000♠$2 billion
[106]

Dennis
2005
7009150000000000000♠$1.5 billion
[107]

Ivan
2004
7009120000000000000♠$1.2 billion
[108]

Charley
2004
7008923000000000000♠$923 million
[108]

text: Coastal flooding began in Granma Province, Cuba, on October 2, affecting three towns along the Sierra Maestras.[45] Hurricane Matthew struck the easternmost province of Cuba during the evening of October 4 as a Category 4, causing tremendous damage. The coastal city of Baracoa suffered widespread damage from violent winds, and storm surge, the latter of which gutted countless buildings.[109] Despite the severity of damage, no fatalities were reported in the city. A communication tower in Majayara collapsed during the storm and a bridge spanning the Toa river was destroyed; several communities left isolated as a result.[110] Damages in Cuba amounted to $2.58 billion USD; most of which occurred in the Guantánamo Province.[103]

text: Nearly two months later, on November 22, a municipal bridge in the city of Moa that was damaged by Hurricane Matthew collapsed, killing four employees of Canadian mining company Sherritt International. The employees were undertaking repairs to restore access between Moa and a mining site.[77]

text: Bahamas[edit]

text: Experiencing a direct hit from the eyewall of Matthew, Grand Bahama suffered extensive damage. An estimated 95 percent of homes in Eight Mile Rock and Holmes Rock sustained severe damage. Numerous trees and power lines were toppled by the storm's high winds, rendering roads impassable. Flooding-induced by the backside of the storm affected much of the western half of the island.[111] Total losses from Matthew in the Bahamas are estimated to be around $600 million USD.[75][112]

text: United States[edit]

text:
Deaths and damage by U.S. state

State
Deaths
Damage
Ref

Florida
12
$2.75 billion
[113]

Georgia
3
>$90 million
[114]

North Carolina
26
$1.6 billion
[115]

South Carolina
4
$249.6 million
[116]

Virginia
2
$58.14 million
[117]

text: In total, the storm killed 47 people in the US, including 26 in North Carolina, 12 in Florida, 3 in Georgia, 4 in South Carolina, and 2 in Virginia.[118][119][120][121] According to the National Centers for Environmental Information, damage from Matthew across the United States reached approximately $10 billion. This ranked it the costliest national disaster in the country for 2016 alongside record floods in Louisiana.[122]

text: Florida and Georgia[edit]

text: As Hurricane Matthew traveled rapidly towards the southeastern region of the United States, it hit closely to the coasts of Florida, South Carolina, Georgia, and North Carolina. On October 7 in Fernandina Beach, Florida, there was a peak surge of 9.88 ft (3.01 m) above normal. Additionally, in the St. Augustine area, water was reported to be 2.5 ft (0.76 m) above ground.[123]

text: As Matthew tracked parallel to the Florida coast, it left over one million people without power across the state of Florida.[124] In Jacksonville it caused major sand dune damage and flooding in the St. Johns River. It also destroyed many properties and knocked out power for nearly 250,000 electrical customers.[125] In Indialantic, Florida, firefighters exposed themselves to the storm's winds to put out a fire, which reportedly destroyed a greenhouse.[126] In Florida, one woman died due to a heart attack; she had called for aid, but medical services were not able to arrive due to Matthew's high winds. Another two women were killed by falling trees.[127][128] In the Flagler Beach area, a portion of Florida State Road A1A was washed away.[129] At Kennedy Space Center, winds reached 80 mph (130 km/h) at ground level while a gust of 136 mph (219 km/h) was observed atop a 500 ft (150 m) tower. The facility suffered several million dollars-worth of damage, though overall impacts were less than anticipated. The roof of Operations Support Building II broke, and rainwater damaged the interior. Air conditioning was lost throughout Launch Complex 39 as well.[130] The planned launches of GOES-R, NOAA's next generation weather satellite, and CYGNSS, a cluster of smaller satellites which study hurricanes, were delayed due to the suspension of operations during Matthew.[131][132][133]

text: Over 250,000 customers were left without power in Georgia after Hurricane Matthew affected the area. Roads were also blocked in the Brunswick, Georgia, area, where all access points to St. Simons Island were rendered impassable.[134]

text: North and South Carolina[edit]

text: Across South Carolina, at least 600,000 individuals lost power, where significant flooding was reported to have occurred in Charleston after a seawall was breached.[135] Hilton Head Island experienced widespread water, sewer and power outages for several days, and the only road onto the island was not re-opened to residents until October 11. It is estimated that over 120,000 trees were downed on the island, causing extensive tree-strike damage to residences and businesses. Over 2.1 million cubic yards of vegetative debris generated by the storm was collected. The Waccamaw River crested in Conway at 17.9 ft (5.5 m), breaking a record set by the 1928 Okeechobee hurricane. The Little Pee Dee River reached a record crest of 17.1 ft (5.2 m) at Galivant's Ferry, also breaking a 1928 record.[136]

text: Twenty-six people died in storm-related incidents across North Carolina.[115] 680,000 in North Carolina were without power at one point.[138] Sections of Interstate 95 in South Carolina and in North Carolina had to be shut down as a result of hurricane flooding.[139] The North Carolina section reopened October 17.[140] After 10 in (25 cm) of rain fell in Cumberland, Harnett, Hoke, Moore and Robeson Counties on September 28 causing flooding, Matthew dumped another 10 in (25 cm) to 14 in (36 cm).[141] As a result, the Lumber River reached a record 24 ft (7.3 m) in the south end of Lumberton, breaking the record of 20.5 ft (6.2 m) feet.[142] Robeson County schools did not reopen until October 31.[143] In Smithfield, the Neuse River crested at 29.09 ft (8.87 m), 2 ft (0.61 m) higher than after Hurricane Fran.[144] In Kinston, the Neuse crested at 28.31 ft (8.63 m), a foot (300 mm) higher than the record set by Hurricane Floyd.[145] In Greenville, the Tar River crested at 24.5 ft (7.5 m).[137] Preliminary estimates indicate that roughly 100,000 structures were flooded across the state and damage reached US$1.5 billion.[146]

text: Virginia and the Northeast[edit]

text: When the hurricane hit Virginia, Matthew caused two deaths and street flooding in the eastern part of the state.[147][121] The Northeast received heavy rain and minor flooding throughout the days of October 9 and 10.[148]

text: Canada[edit]

text: Matthew's post-tropical remains were absorbed into a frontal zone off the coast of North Carolina. The humidity of the tropical system was drawn into the storm that was formed then. The latter gave heavy rain and strong winds in Nova Scotia, Prince Edward Island and Newfoundland from October 10 to 11.

text: In Nova Scotia, rain amounts were recorded from east to west as 8.85 in (224.8 mm) in Sydney (Cape Breton Island), 5.09 in (129.2 mm) in Port Hawkesbury, 4.50 in (114.4 mm) in Chéticamp, 4.05 in (102.8 mm) in Halifax, 3.263 in (82.88 mm) in Kentville, and 1.94 in (49.2 mm) in Yarmouth.[149] Heavy rains and strong winds caused flooding and dangerous conditions, particularly in the counties of Pictou, Antigonish, Guysborough and Cape Breton. Several roads were closed to heavy trucks, including Halifax Harbour bridges and the Confederation Bridge between New Brunswick and Prince Edward Island.[149]

text: Newfoundland was even more affected with accumulations generally ranging from 3.9 to 5.9 in (100 to 150 mm) in the central, southern and western areas. Steady rain fell sometimes at a rate of 0.39 to 0.79 in (10 to 20 mm) per hour, and even 1.7 in (42 mm) per hour in Burgeo. A private station in that community recorded a total of 9.23 in (234.4 mm), while the official station of the Gander International Airport signaled 6.45 in (163.8 mm).[150][151]

text: The rain caused numerous landslides and swollen rivers cut roads. The state of emergency was declared in Lewisporte, St. Alban's and Little Burnt Bay.[152] The town of St. Alban's, a community of about 1,200, was cut off from the surrounding communities when the main bridge in town was carried by the waters and a nearby community (Conne River) provided a boat to transport people to St. Alban's and out of the community.[152] The highway to Burgeo, on the south coast of Newfoundland, was also flooded and had to be closed.[150]

text: The winds of over 56 mph (90 km/h) also caused many fallen trees and electric power outages. The official maximum winds were recorded in Port aux Basques at 80 mph (128 km/h) and informally in Green Island, Fortune Bay, at 81 mph (130 km/h).[150] Damage to roads across Newfoundland was assessed in excess of CA$10 million (US$7.6 million).[76]

text: Aftermath[edit]

text: Lesser Antilles[edit]

text: In Martinique, Électricité de France requested additional crews from Guadeloupe and French Guiana to help restore power. Members of the military and Forces françaises aux Antilles were deployed to assist in clearing debris from roadways.[83] The St. Lucia Red Cross distributed non-food items to 270 people affected by the storm.[153]

text: Haiti[edit]

text: On October 4, the United States prepared the aircraft carrier, the hospital ship USNS Comfort—which previously aided thousands in the wake of the 2010 Haiti earthquake—and the transport dock for relief operations in Haiti. USS Mesa Verde and USS George Washington were later relieved by USS Iwo Jima, along with the 24th Marine Expeditionary Unit. United States Southern Command also deployed 100 troops with 9 helicopters to the Cayman Islands to prepare for relief work.[154] Initial estimates indicated at least 350,000 people were in need of assistance.[92]

text: The bridge between the south and Port-au-Prince was destroyed. As a result, aid agencies reported they were having difficulty getting around to the most damaged and storm-affected parts of Haiti.[155]

text: The commander of U.S. forces in the Caribbean reported that troops and 6 helicopters from Joint Task Force-Bravo had been deployed to Haiti for the aftermath, and were expected to arrive on October 6. These are expected to help with search-and-rescue missions as well as providing medical assistance. In addition to his, a one-star navy admiral will also travel to lead the task force involved in the operations. More than 300 military personnel will most likely travel to Haiti, with 300 Marines on board on the ships sent out for aid from the U.S.[156]

text: A number of aid agencies deployed to Haiti to help with the aftermath:[157]

text:
Action Aid reported that over 50,000 people were in immediate need of clean water and shelters.
World Nation also sent out helicopters, reporting difficulties and their concern about young children and food. They will be providing water and sanitation for over 50,000 people.
The UN's World Food Program arranged for enough food to feed up to 300,000 people for a month. A further 34 tonnes are ready in Miami to be used if needed.
UNICEF will be providing life-saving aid for 10,000 people.
UN's Food and Agricultural Organisation said it would be helping farmers rebuild their businesses by providing seeds.
The US Agency for International Development said it would provide $400,000 for aid to Jamaica and Haiti on October 3.[158]
Red Cross launched a campaign to raise $9.6 million to provide water, shelter, and food for 50,000 people. They also sent a large number of local volunteers to the south.[91][159]

text: Cuba[edit]

text: The World Food Programme coordinated with the Government of Cuba to provide food to approximately 180,000 people in need across eastern provinces. The operation would span six months and cost US$4 million.[160]

text: United States[edit]

text: In Georgia, the Governor retracted previous evacuations later, emphasizing that their lives could not be endangered for those who chose not to leave. 1,000 members of the National Guard were deployed for help later.[161]

text: In North Carolina, nearly 900 people had been rescued by boat crews by the morning of October 9.[162] In April 2017, North Carolina Governor Roy Cooper requested $929 million in federal funds. The following month, the Trump administration denied more than 99 percent of this request and only provided $6.1 million to the state.[163]

text: Retirement[edit]

text: On March 26, 2017, it was announced by the World Meteorological Organization that the name Matthew was retired due to the extensive damage and loss of life it caused along its track, particularly in Haiti, Cuba, and the United States, and will never again be used to name an Atlantic hurricane. It will be replaced with Martin for the 2022 Atlantic hurricane season.[164]