document_title: List of countries by life expectancy

question_text: what is the average age to die in the uk

text: List of countries by life expectancy

text: Methodology[edit]

text: Life expectancy equals the average number of years a person born in a given country is expected to live if mortality rates at each age were to remain steady in the future. The life expectancy is shown separately for males and females, as well as a combined figure. Several non-sovereign entities are also included in this list.

text: The figures reflect the quality of healthcare in the countries listed as well as other factors including ongoing wars, obesity, and HIV infections.[citation needed]

text: Worldwide, the average life expectancy at birth was 71.5 years (68 years and 4 months for males and 72 years and 8 months for females) over the period 2010–2015 according to United Nations World Population Prospects 2015 Revision,[3] or 69 years (67 years for males and 71.1 years for females) for 2016 according to The World Factbook.[4] According to the 2015 World Health Organization (WHO) data, women on average live longer than men in all major regions and in all individual countries except for Mali and Swaziland.[3]

text: The countries with the lowest overall life expectancies per the WHO are Sierra Leone, the Central African Republic, the Democratic Republic of the Congo, Guinea-Bissau, Lesotho, Somalia, Swaziland, Angola, Chad, Mali, Burundi, Cameroon, and Mozambique. Of those countries, only Lesotho, Swaziland, and Mozambique in 2011 were suffering from an HIV prevalence rate of greater than 10 percent in the 15–49 age group.[5]

text: Comparing life expectancies from birth across countries can be problematic. There are differing definitions of live birth vs stillbirth even among more developed countries and less developed countries often have poor reporting.[6]

text: Taiwan's data is not included in the following WHO statistics. According to the Ministry of the Interior of Taiwan, the life expectancy of the 23.5-million Taiwanese people reached 80.2 years in 2015, up from 79.84 years in 2014. The life expectancy of Taiwanese males averaged 77.01, while that of females reached 83.62, both of which were record highs.[7]

text: Hong Kong is a territory with the world's highest life expectancy according to Hong Kong Department of Health, the life expectancy reached 84.0 years in 2015 surpassing Japan's 83.7 years. With men at 81.2 years and women at 87.3 years. The data is not included in the following WHO statistics as a separate entity since Hong Kong is a Special Administrative Region of China, and is not itself a member of the WHO.[8]

text: List by the World Health Organization (2015)[edit]

text: 2015 data[9] published in May 2016.[10]

text: HALE: Health-adjusted life expectancy[11]

text:
Country
Both sexes
rank
Both sexes life
expectancy
Female
rank
Female life
expectancy
Male
rank
Male life
expectancy
Both sexes
rank (HALE)
Both sexes life
expectancy (HALE)

 Japan
1
83.7
1
86.8
6
80.5
1
74.9

  Switzerland
2
83.4
6
85.3
1
81.3
4
73.1

 Singapore
3
83.1
2
86.1
10
80.0
2
73.9

 Australia
4
82.8
7
84.8
3
80.9
15
71.9

 Spain
4
82.8
3
85.5
9
80.1
9
72.4

 Iceland
6
82.7
10
84.1
2
81.2
7
72.7

 Italy
6
82.7
7
84.8
6
80.5
5
72.8

 Israel
8
82.5
9
84.3
5
80.6
5
72.8

 Sweden
9
82.4
12
84.0
4
80.7
12
72.0

 France
9
82.4
5
85.4
16
79.4
8
72.6

 South Korea
11
82.3
3
85.5
20
78.8
3
73.2

 Canada
12
82.2
10
84.1
8
80.2
10
72.3

 Luxembourg
13
82.0
12
84.0
13
79.8
17
71.8

 Netherlands
14
81.9
20
83.6
10
80.0
11
72.2

 Norway
15
81.8
17
83.7
13
79.8
12
72.0

 Malta
16
81.7
17
83.7
15
79.7
18
71.7

 New Zealand
17
81.6
26
83.3
10
80.0
19
71.6

 Austria
18
81.5
14
83.9
19
79.0
12
72.0

 Ireland
19
81.4
23
83.4
16
79.4
20
71.5

 United Kingdom
20
81.2
27
83.0
16
79.4
21
71.4

 Belgium
21
81.1
22
83.5
22
78.6
26
71.1

 Finland
21
81.1
16
83.8
24
78.3
28
71.0

 Portugal
21
81.1
14
83.9
27
78.2
21
71.4

 Germany
24
81.0
23
83.4
21
78.7
23
71.3

 Greece
24
81.0
20
83.6
24
78.3
15
71.9

 Slovenia
26
80.8
17
83.7
28
77.9
26
71.1

 Denmark
27
80.6
29
82.5
22
78.6
25
71.2

 Cyprus
28
80.5
28
82.7
24
78.3
23
71.3

 Chile
28
80.5
23
83.4
29
77.4
29
70.4

 Costa Rica
30
79.6
30
82.2
31
77.1
31
69.7

 United States
31
79.3
33
81.6
32
76.9
36
69.1

 Cuba
32
79.1
34
81.4
32
76.9
35
69.2

 Czech Republic
33
78.8
32
81.7
38
75.9
33
69.4

 Maldives
34
78.5
41
80.2
32
76.9
32
69.6

 Qatar
35
78.2
43
80.0
29
77.4
47
67.7

 Croatia
36
78.0
36
81.2
42
74.7
33
69.4

 Albania
37
77.8
38
80.7
39
75.1
38
68.8

 Panama
37
77.8
37
81.1
42
74.7
42
68.1

 Brunei
39
77.7
47
79.2
36
76.3
29
70.4

 Estonia
40
77.6
31
82.0
65
72.7
37
68.9

 Poland
41
77.5
35
81.3
52
73.6
39
68.7

 Bosnia and Herzegovina
42
77.4
45
79.7
40
75.0
40
68.6

 United Arab Emirates
43
77.1
57
78.6
35
76.4
44
67.9

 Uruguay
44
77.0
40
80.4
56
73.3
44
67.9

 Bahrain
45
76.9
71
77.9
37
76.2
55
67.0

 Mexico
46
76.7
46
79.5
48
73.9
52
67.4

 Slovakia
46
76.7
41
80.2
62
72.9
42
68.1

 Oman
48
76.6
47
79.2
40
75.0
63
66.7

 Antigua and Barbuda
49
76.4
57
78.6
46
74.1
50
67.5

 Argentina
50
76.3
44
79.9
65
72.7
49
67.6

 Jamaica
51
76.2
57
78.6
48
73.9
58
66.9

 Ecuador
51
76.2
53
79.0
53
73.5
55
67.0

 China
53
76.1
80
77.6
44
74.6
41
68.5

 Montenegro
53
76.1
65
78.1
46
74.1
44
67.9

 Bahamas
53
76.1
50
79.1
62
72.9
65
66.6

 Vietnam
56
76.0
38
80.7
81
71.3
65
66.6

 Hungary
57
75.9
50
79.1
71
72.3
52
67.4

 Turkey
58
75.8
54
78.9
68
72.6
73
66.2

 Macedonia
59
75.7
76
77.8
53
73.5
50
67.5

 Algeria
60
75.6
81
77.5
50
73.8
75
66.0

 Serbia
60
75.6
61
78.4
62
72.9
47
67.7

 Iran
62
75.5
86
76.6
45
74.5
65
66.6

 Peru
62
75.5
66
78.0
59
73.1
80
65.6

 Barbados
62
75.5
71
77.9
59
73.1
65
66.6

 Tunisia
65
75.3
76
77.8
61
73.0
63
66.7

 Saint Lucia
66
75.2
71
77.9
68
72.6
74
66.1

 Malaysia
67
75.0
83
77.3
65
72.7
70
66.5

 Romania
67
75.0
55
78.8
78
71.4
59
66.8

 Brazil
67
75.0
56
78.7
78
71.4
81
65.5

 Lebanon
70
74.9
87
76.5
53
73.5
79
65.7

 Thailand
70
74.9
66
78.0
74
71.9
59
66.8

 Sri Lanka
70
74.9
63
78.3
75
71.6
55
67.0

 Armenia
73
74.8
79
77.7
75
71.6
59
66.8

 Nicaragua
73
74.8
71
77.9
77
71.5
103
63.7

 Colombia
73
74.8
61
78.4
84
71.2
85
65.1

 Kuwait
76
74.7
93
76.0
51
73.7
78
65.8

 Honduras
77
74.6
85
77.0
71
72.3
90
64.9

 Mauritius
77
74.6
76
77.8
78
71.4
59
66.8

 Latvia
77
74.6
47
79.2
95
69.6
54
67.1

 Saudi Arabia
80
74.5
93
76.0
58
73.2
96
64.5

 Bulgaria
80
74.5
66
78.0
86
71.1
72
66.4

 Georgia
82
74.4
63
78.3
91
70.3
70
66.5

 Morocco
83
74.3
99
75.4
56
73.3
90
64.9

 Jordan
84
74.1
96
75.9
70
72.5
88
65.0

 Venezuela
84
74.1
60
78.5
94
70.0
83
65.2

 Paraguay
86
74.0
93
76.0
73
72.2
83
65.2

 Samoa
86
74.0
81
77.5
87
70.9
65
66.6

 Dominican Republic
88
73.9
84
77.1
87
70.9
85
65.1

 Grenada
89
73.6
91
76.1
84
71.2
88
65.0

 Lithuania
89
73.6
50
79.1
104
68.1
75
66.0

 Tonga
91
73.5
88
76.4
89
70.6
75
66.0

 El Salvador
91
73.5
71
77.9
99
68.8
98
64.1

 Cabo Verde
93
73.3
103
75.0
81
71.3
97
64.4

 Saint Vincent and the Grenadines
94
73.2
100
75.2
81
71.3
94
64.6

 Seychelles
94
73.2
66
78.0
98
69.1
81
65.5

 Libya
96
72.7
98
75.6
92
70.1
101
63.8

 Azerbaijan
96
72.7
97
75.8
95
69.6
93
64.7

 Belarus
98
72.3
66
78.0
119
66.5
85
65.1

 Moldova
99
72.1
90
76.2
106
67.9
92
64.8

 Vanuatu
100
72.0
107
74.0
92
70.1
94
64.6

 Guatemala
101
71.9
100
75.2
102
68.5
116
62.1

 Bangladesh
102
71.8
113
73.1
89
70.6
111
62.3

 Suriname
103
71.6
105
74.7
101
68.6
107
63.1

 Ukraine
104
71.3
91
76.1
120
66.3
98
64.1

 Trinidad and Tobago
105
71.2
104
74.8
106
67.9
104
63.3

 Kyrgyzstan
106
71.1
102
75.1
111
67.2
101
63.8

 Egypt
107
70.9
111
73.2
99
68.8
113
62.2

 Bolivia
108
70.7
110
73.3
103
68.2
113
62.2

 DPR Korea
109
70.6
107
74.0
113
67.0
100
64.0

 Russian Federation
110
70.5
89
76.3
127
64.7
104
63.3

 Kazakhstan
111
70.2
105
74.7
123
65.7
104
63.3

 Belize
112
70.1
113
73.1
110
67.5
111
62.3

 Fiji
113
69.9
113
73.1
113
67.0
108
62.9

 Bhutan
114
69.8
126
70.1
97
69.5
120
61.2

 Tajikistan
115
69.7
109
73.6
116
66.6
116
62.1

 Micronesia
116
69.4
124
70.6
104
68.1
109
62.5

 Uzbekistan
116
69.4
116
72.7
122
66.1
110
62.4

 Solomon Islands
118
69.2
121
70.8
106
67.9
116
62.1

   Nepal
118
69.2
121
70.8
109
67.7
121
61.1

 Indonesia
120
69.1
119
71.2
112
67.1
113
62.2

 Iraq
121
68.9
118
71.8
121
66.2
124
60.0

 Mongolia
122
68.8
111
73.2
127
64.7
119
62.0

 Cambodia
123
68.7
123
70.7
116
66.6
130
58.9

 Philippines
124
68.5
117
72.0
126
65.3
121
61.1

 India
125
68.3
128
69.9
115
66.9
126
59.5

 Timor-Leste
125
68.3
126
70.1
116
66.6
123
60.7

 Sao Tome and Principe
127
67.5
130
69.4
124
65.6
128
59.1

 Senegal
128
66.7
132
68.6
130
64.6
132
58.3

 Myanmar
129
66.6
133
68.5
130
64.6
127
59.2

 Pakistan
130
66.4
137
67.5
125
65.5
134
57.8

 Kiribati
131
66.3
131
68.8
136
63.7
128
59.1

 Turkmenistan
131
66.3
125
70.5
143
62.2
125
59.8

 Guyana
133
66.2
133
68.5
134
63.9
130
58.9

 Rwanda
134
66.1
120
71.1
150
60.9
140
56.6

 Gabon
135
66.0
138
67.2
127
64.7
137
57.2

 Namibia
136
65.8
135
68.3
139
63.1
136
57.5

 Yemen
137
65.7
138
67.2
132
64.3
135
57.7

 Laos
137
65.7
138
67.2
133
64.1
133
57.9

 Botswana
137
65.7
136
68.1
137
63.3
138
56.9

 Madagascar
140
65.5
141
67.0
134
63.9
138
56.9

 Ethiopia
141
64.8
143
66.8
140
62.8
143
56.1

 Congo
142
64.7
144
66.3
138
63.2
140
56.6

 Eritrea
142
64.7
141
67.0
141
62.4
145
55.9

 Syria
144
64.5
128
69.9
154
59.9
143
56.1

 Sudan
145
64.1
146
65.9
141
62.4
145
55.9

 Comoros
146
63.5
151
65.2
144
61.9
145
55.9

 Djibouti
146
63.5
150
65.3
145
61.8
148
55.8

 Haiti
146
63.5
148
65.5
147
61.5
150
55.4

 Kenya
149
63.4
147
65.8
148
61.1
149
55.6

 Mauritania
150
63.1
153
64.6
146
61.6
152
55.1

 Papua New Guinea
151
62.9
149
65.4
152
60.6
142
56.4

 South Africa
151
62.9
145
66.2
158
59.3
153
54.5

 Ghana
153
62.4
155
63.9
149
61.0
151
55.3

 Uganda
154
62.3
154
64.3
153
60.3
156
54.0

 Niger
155
61.8
158
62.8
150
60.9
154
54.2

 Tanzania
155
61.8
156
63.8
154
59.9
155
54.1

 Zambia
155
61.8
152
64.7
161
59.0
158
53.6

 Liberia
158
61.4
157
62.9
156
59.8
160
52.7

 Gambia
159
61.1
159
62.5
156
59.8
157
53.8

 Zimbabwe
160
60.7
160
62.3
161
59.0
163
52.3

 Afghanistan
161
60.5
161
61.9
158
59.3
164
52.2

 Benin
162
60.0
164
61.1
163
58.8
162
52.5

 Burkina Faso
163
59.9
167
60.5
160
59.1
161
52.6

 Togo
163
59.9
164
61.1
164
58.6
159
52.8

 DR Congo
165
59.8
163
61.5
165
58.3
166
51.7

 Burundi
166
59.6
162
61.6
168
57.7
164
52.2

 Guinea
167
59.0
171
59.8
166
58.2
166
51.7

 Guinea-Bissau
168
58.9
167
60.5
169
57.2
168
51.5

 Swaziland
168
58.9
164
61.1
171
56.6
172
50.9

 Malawi
170
58.3
170
59.9
170
56.7
169
51.2

 Mali
171
58.2
175
58.3
166
58.2
171
51.1

 Equatorial Guinea
171
58.2
169
60.0
171
56.6
169
51.2

 Mozambique
173
57.6
172
59.4
175
55.7
175
49.6

 South Sudan
174
57.3
173
58.6
173
56.1
174
49.9

 Cameroon
174
57.3
173
58.6
174
55.9
173
50.3

 Somalia
176
55.0
176
56.6
176
53.5
176
47.8

 Nigeria
177
54.5
177
55.6
177
53.4
177
47.7

 Lesotho
178
53.7
178
55.4
179
51.7
179
46.6

 Cote d'Ivoire
179
53.3
180
54.4
178
52.3
178
47.0

 Chad
180
53.1
179
54.5
179
51.7
180
46.1

 Central African Republic
181
52.5
181
54.1
181
50.9
181
45.9

 Angola
182
52.4
182
54.0
181
50.9
182
45.8

 Sierra Leone
183
50.1
183
50.8
183
49.3
183
44.4

text: List by the United Nations, for 2010–2015[edit]

text: On July 2015, the Population Division of the United Nations Department of Economic and Social Affairs (UN DESA), released World Population Prospects, The 2015 Revision.[3] The following table shows the life expectancy at birth for the period 2010 to 2015.

text:
over 80
  77.5-80.0
  75.0-77.5
  72.5-75.0
  70.0-72.5
  67.5-70.0
  65.0-67.5

  60-65
  55-60
  50-55
  45-50
  under 45
  not available

text:
Life expectancy at birth (years), UN World Population Prospects 2015

Rank
State/Territory
Overall
Male
Female

1
 Hong Kong
83.74
80.91
86.58

2
 Japan
83.31
80.00
86.49

3
 Italy
82.84
80.27
85.23

4
  Switzerland
82.66
80.43
84.74

5
 Singapore
82.64
79.59
85.61

6
 Iceland
82.30
80.73
83.84

7
 Spain
82.28
79.42
85.05

8
 Australia
82.10
79.93
84.28

9
 Israel
82.07
80.18
83.82

10
 Sweden
81.93
80.10
83.71

11
 France (metropol.)
81.85
78.76
84.87

12
 Canada
81.78
79.69
83.78

13
 New Zealand
81.56
79.71
83.35

14
 South Korea
81.43
77.95
84.63

15
 Luxembourg
81.34
78.94
83.65

16
 Norway
81.32
79.22
83.38

17
 Netherlands
81.31
79.36
83.14

18
 Chile
81.21
78.09
84.12

19
 Martinique ( France)
81.18
77.79
84.36

20
 Austria
81.09
78.47
83.59

21
 Germany
80.66
78.18
83.06

22
 Greece
80.60
77.64
83.60

23
 Ireland
80.57
78.40
82.74

24
 Guadeloupe ( France)
80.56
76.83
83.98

25
 Portugal
80.55
77.43
83.50

26=
 Belgium
80.53
77.95
83.02

26=
 Finland
80.53
77.60
83.40

28=
Channel Islands ( UK)
80.45
78.45
82.39

28=
 United Kingdom
80.45
78.45
82.39

30=
 Malta
80.30
78.55
81.98

30=
 Macau
80.30
78.07
82.51

32
 Slovenia
80.08
76.92
83.14

33
 U.S. Virgin Islands ( US)
80.06
77.24
82.92

34
 Denmark
79.99
78.00
81.94

35
 Cyprus
79.90
77.69
82.17

36
 Réunion ( France)
79.54
76.04
82.90

37
 Mayotte ( France)
79.34
76.04
82.90

38
 Taiwan
79.26
76.43
82.30

39
 Puerto Rico ( US)
79.22
75.19
83.17

40=
 Costa Rica
79.16
76.70
81.69

40=
 Cuba
79.16
77.10
81.27

42
 French Guiana ( France)
78.98
75.75
82.58

43
 United States
78.88
76.47
81.25

44
 Lebanon
78.86
77.14
80.87

45
 Guam ( US)
78.72
76.14
81.47

46
 Brunei
78.44
76.64
80.39

47
 Czech Republic
78.35
75.36
81.27

48
 Qatar
77.89
77.10
79.68

49
 Curaçao ( Netherlands)
77.77
74.50
80.70

50
 Albania
77.49
75.04
80.19

51
 Panama
77.32
74.34
80.49

52
 Poland
77.14
73.06
81.14

53
 Croatia
77.05
73.64
80.38

54
 Uruguay
76.96
73.25
80.44

55
 United Arab Emirates
76.67
76.02
78.23

56
 Estonia
76.52
71.57
81.05

57
 Mexico
76.48
74.04
78.93

58
 Bahrain
76.38
75.58
77.42

59
 Maldives
76.36
75.40
77.41

60
 Oman
76.33
74.66
78.85

61
 Bosnia and Herzegovina
76.26
73.71
78.82

62
 New Caledonia ( France)
76.19
73.55
79.31

63
 French Polynesia ( France)
76.12
73.97
78.55

64
 Slovakia
76.04
72.24
79.73

65
 Montenegro
76.02
73.83
78.18

66
 Argentina
76.01
72.15
79.83

67
 Antigua and Barbuda
75.82
73.29
78.21

68
 Vietnam
75.57
70.73
80.31

69
 Ecuador
75.54
72.82
78.37

70
 Jamaica
75.44
73.07
77.89

71
 China
75.43
73.97
77.02

72
 Aruba ( Netherlands)
75.39
72.89
77.76

73
 Barbados
75.37
72.91
77.71

74
 Republic of Macedonia
75.16
72.87
77.48

75
 Bahamas
75.15
72.02
78.09

76
 Iran
75.06
73.98
76.22

77
 Hungary
74.98
71.23
78.54

78
 Turkey
74.84
71.53
78.12

79
 Saint Lucia
74.81
72.17
77.57

80
 Serbia
74.65
71.83
77.50

81=
 Sri Lanka
74.64
71.24
78.03

81=
 Georgia
74.64
70.91
78.14

83
 Tunisia
74.60
72.30
77.04

84
 Armenia
74.56
70.74
78.39

85
 Malaysia
74.50
72.21
76.88

86
 Nicaragua
74.47
71.38
77.48

87
 Romania
74.46
70.92
78.07

88
 Algeria
74.42
72.14
76.84

89
 Kuwait
74.28
73.34
75.56

90=
 Mauritius
74.15
70.67
77.74

90=
 Peru
74.15
71.54
76.84

92
 Thailand
74.14
70.83
77.58

93
 Saudi Arabia
74.08
72.82
75.47

94
 Brazil
74.05
70.29
77.86

95
 Bulgaria
74.04
70.64
77.56

96=
 Venezuela
73.95
69.93
78.24

96=
 Latvia
73.95
68.85
78.68

98
 Jordan
73.79
72.21
75.52

99
 Colombia
73.75
70.19
77.39

100
 Morocco
73.61
72.60
74.62

101
 Dominican Republic
73.19
70.16
76.45

102
 Grenada
73.17
70.78
75.59

103
 Lithuania
73.07
67.39
78.78

104
 Samoa
73.02
70.02
76.39

105
 Cape Verde
72.97
71.05
74.65

106
 Seychelles
72.94
68.69
77.91

107
 Honduras
72.83
70.39
75.40

108
 Saint Vincent and the Grenadines
72.75
70.70
74.90

109
 Paraguay
72.74
70.70
74.92

110
 Palestine
72.65
70.74
74.66

111
 El Salvador
72.64
67.89
77.08

112
 Tonga
72.60
69.72
75.56

113
 Vanuatu
71.48
69.59
73.60

114=
 Libya
71.47
68.79
74.41

114=
 Guatemala
71.47
67.92
74.98

116
 Moldova
71.33
67.22
75.43

117
 Belarus
71.08
65.29
76.97

118
 Bangladesh
71.01
69.85
72.26

119
 Suriname
70.90
67.81
74.18

120
 Egypt
70.84
68.71
73.05

121
 Ukraine
70.76
65.73
75.67

122
 Azerbaijan
70.62
67.54
73.77

123
 Kyrgyzstan
70.26
66.35
74.29

124
 Trinidad and Tobago
70.23
66.87
73.84

125
 North Korea
69.91
66.30
73.27

126
 Russian Federation
69.83
64.15
75.55

127
 Belize
69.76
67.19
72.72

128
 Fiji
69.72
66.93
72.89

129
 Syria
69.51
63.98
76.26

130
 Iraq
69.19
66.99
71.44

131=
 Tajikistan
69.07
65.90
72.84

131=
 Kazakhstan
69.07
64.29
73.87

133
   Nepal
69.03
67.64
70.45

134
 Federated States of Micronesia
68.93
67.99
69.85

135
 Mongolia
68.89
64.76
73.29

136
 Bhutan
68.88
68.63
69.09

137
 Indonesia
68.59
66.61
70.70

138
 Uzbekistan
68.25
64.90
71.61

139
 Philippines
67.99
64.72
71.55

140
 Timor-Leste
67.73
66.06
69.51

141
 Bolivia
67.72
65.34
70.21

142=
Western Sahara
67.61
65.89
69.81

142=
 Cambodia
67.61
65.50
69.55

144
 Solomon Islands
67.53
66.19
69.03

145
 India
67.47
66.13
68.93

146
 Guyana
66.24
64.03
68.59

147
 São Tomé and Príncipe
66.23
64.23
68.19

148
 Pakistan
65.88
64.99
66.84

149
 Senegal
65.81
63.86
67.61

150
 Kiribati
65.74
62.55
68.93

151
 Myanmar
65.64
63.58
67.66

152
 Laos
65.51
64.14
66.84

153
 Turkmenistan
65.39
61.31
69.69

154
 Madagascar
64.50
63.02
66.00

155
 Namibia
64.34
61.58
66.95

156
 Botswana
64.12
61.80
66.51

157
 Tanzania
64.04
62.55
65.55

158
 Gabon
63.65
63.15
64.07

159
 Yemen
63.51
62.18
64.88

160
 Rwanda
63.14
59.65
66.30

161
 Ethiopia
63.13
61.30
65.02

162
 Sudan
63.08
61.60
64.60

163
 Eritrea
63.07
60.90
65.18

164
 Comoros
62.83
61.20
64.50

165
 Mauritania
62.77
61.29
64.25

166
 Papua New Guinea
62.31
60.25
64.49

167
 Haiti
62.29
60.18
64.42

168
 Djibouti
61.61
60.04
63.24

169
 Congo
61.42
59.95
62.92

170
 Ghana
61.03
60.06
61.97

171
 Malawi
60.97
59.86
61.98

172
 Niger
60.65
59.85
61.55

173
 Kenya
60.62
59.08
62.17

174
 Liberia
60.25
59.29
61.21

175
 Gambia
59.83
58.54
61.21

176
 Afghanistan
59.82
58.67
61.06

177
 Benin
59.20
57.77
60.61

178
 Togo
59.01
58.28
59.68

179
 Zambia
58.75
57.16
60.33

180
 Democratic Republic of the Congo
58.10
56.67
59.53

181
 Burkina Faso
58.07
56.73
59.33

182
 Guinea
58.04
57.58
58.49

183
 Uganda
57.25
55.67
58.83

184
 Mali
57.23
57.44
56.98

185
 Equatorial Guinea
57.13
55.87
58.57

186
 South Africa
57.11
54.85
59.11

187
 Burundi
56.07
54.18
58.04

188
 South Sudan
55.06
54.10
56.03

189
 Somalia
54.88
53.28
56.51

190
 Cameroon
54.87
53.74
56.02

191
 Zimbabwe
54.78
53.60
55.95

192
 Guinea-Bissau
54.72
53.00
56.50

193
 Mozambique
54.63
52.94
56.18

194
 Nigeria
52.29
51.97
52.61

195
 Angola
51.68
50.20
53.17

196
 Chad
51.13
50.08
52.18

197
 Côte d'Ivoire
50.97
50.21
51.85

198
 Sierra Leone
50.19
49.65
50.74

199
 Central African Republic
49.53
47.83
51.25

200
 Lesotho
49.50
49.19
49.59

201
 Swaziland
49.18
49.69
48.54

text: List from the "GBD 2010" study[edit]

text: The Global Burden of Disease 2010 study published updated figures in 2012,[12] including recalculations of life expectancies[13] which differ substantially in places from the UN estimates for 2010 (reasons for this are discussed in the freely available appendix to the paper, pages 25–27, currently not available). Although no estimate is given for the sexes combined, for the first time life expectancy estimates have included uncertainty intervals.

text:
Life expectancy at birth (years), Global Burden of Disease 2010

state/territory
Male
95% range
Female
95% range

 World average
67.50
(66.90-68.10)
73.30
(72.80-73.80)

 Afghanistan
58.20
(54.20-62.80)
57.30
(52.20-61.70)

 Albania
72.00
(69.20-74.90)
78.10
(75.90-80.20)

 Algeria
74.30
(73.20-75.40)
76.50
(75.50-77.50)

 Andorra
79.80
(78.80-81.00)
85.20
(84.20-86.20)

 Angola
57.90
(49.50-66.50)
63.90
(56.00-72.00)

 Antigua and Barbuda
74.10
(72.20-75.90)
79.00
(77.30-80.50)

 Argentina
72.50
(72.40-72.60)
79.30
(79.20-79.40)

 Armenia
68.90
(67.20-70.50)
78.50
(77.40-79.60)

 Australia
79.20
(79.10-79.30)
83.80
(83.70-83.90)

 Austria
77.70
(77.50-77.90)
83.30
(83.20-83.50)

 Azerbaijan
68.90
(67.60-70.20)
76.20
(74.90-77.40)

 Bahrain
76.40
(74.80-78.20)
79.10
(77.50-80.70)

 Bangladesh
67.20
(65.60-68.80)
71.00
(69.40-72.80)

 Barbados
74.30
(72.70-76.00)
77.00
(75.60-78.30)

 Belarus
64.10
(63.40-64.90)
76.00
(75.50-76.50)

 Belgium
76.70
(76.40-77.10)
82.30
(81.90-82.60)

 Belize
68.90
(67.30-70.30)
73.60
(72.30-75.00)

 Benin
60.70
(57.60-63.50)
65.90
(63.20-68.50)

 Bhutan
67.60
(60.90-73.30)
71.70
(65.70-77.10)

 Bolivia
69.70
(67.30-72.50)
71.70
(69.50-74.10)

 Bosnia and Herzegovina
74.10
(73.90-74.40)
78.80
(78.50-79.00)

 Botswana
68.10
(63.60-73.60)
74.00
(69.20-80.60)

 Brazil
71.50
(71.20-71.80)
79.70
(79.50-79.90)

 Brunei
75.50
(74.30-76.60)
79.10
(78.00-80.30)

 Bulgaria
70.10
(69.90-70.30)
77.00
(76.80-77.20)

 Burkina Faso
52.80
(46.60-58.10)
57.60
(52.70-62.10)

 Burma
60.70
(51.40-69.80)
67.60
(60.10-73.60)

 Burundi
53.00
(42.70-63.00)
55.20
(45.20-64.60)

 Cambodia
64.60
(63.30-66.00)
70.10
(68.80-71.50)

 Cameroon
57.10
(53.50-60.90)
61.10
(57.80-64.30)

 Canada
78.50
(78.20-78.70)
82.70
(82.50-83.00)

 Cape Verde
70.90
(66.30-75.50)
79.10
(75.30-82.50)

 Central African Republic
43.60
(38.40-49.30)
49.30
(44.00-54.60)

 Chad
53.30
(47.20-58.20)
57.80
(53.00-62.30)

 Chile
75.50
(75.20-75.90)
81.50
(81.20-81.80)

 China
72.90
(71.80-74.00)
79.00
(78.00-80.00)

 Colombia
71.70
(70.20-73.00)
78.30
(77.30-79.40)

 Comoros
61.60
(56.50-65.80)
63.90
(59.10-68.20)

 Congo
56.30
(52.30-60.30)
61.60
(57.90-65.10)

 Costa Rica
77.10
(76.90-77.30)
81.90
(81.60-82.10)

 Côte d'Ivoire
52.80
(48.20-57.10)
60.20
(56.20-63.90)

 Croatia
73.40
(73.20-73.60)
79.90
(79.70-80.10)

 Cuba
76.10
(75.90-76.20)
79.80
(79.60-79.90)

 Cyprus
77.60
(77.10-78.10)
82.90
(82.40-83.40)

 Czech Republic
74.30
(74.20-74.50)
80.70
(80.50-80.80)

 Denmark
76.80
(76.60-77.00)
81.00
(80.80-81.30)

 Djibouti
62.20
(54.60-69.60)
64.40
(55.10-73.70)

 Dominica
70.10
(68.60-71.50)
77.90
(76.40-79.30)

 Dominican Republic
71.30
(70.00-72.80)
76.30
(75.10-77.60)

 DR Congo
52.80
(49.60-55.90)
57.70
(54.70-60.50)

 Ecuador
74.40
(73.30-75.40)
79.80
(78.90-80.60)

 Egypt
68.00
(67.00-69.00)
73.40
(72.50-74.20)

 El Salvador
69.90
(69.30-70.50)
78.20
(77.70-78.60)

 Equatorial Guinea
54.70
(43.50-66.20)
61.80
(52.90-73.80)

 Eritrea
59.00
(54.70-62.90)
62.00
(58.20-65.50)

 Estonia
70.60
(70.30-71.00)
80.60
(80.20-81.00)

 Ethiopia
59.50
(57.50-61.30)
62.30
(60.50-64.10)

 Federated States of Micronesia
63.40
(54.60-71.70)
68.30
(60.80-74.70)

 Fiji
65.60
(63.90-67.30)
68.80
(67.10-70.40)

 Finland
76.80
(76.60-77.00)
83.30
(83.10-83.60)

 France
77.50
(77.20-77.80)
84.30
(84.00-84.50)

 Gabon
55.00
(50.00-60.00)
63.30
(59.50-67.40)

 Georgia
67.40
(66.00-68.70)
77.90
(76.90-78.90)

 Germany
77.50
(77.30-77.70)
82.80
(82.60-83.10)

 Ghana
63.20
(60.70-65.70)
66.70
(64.50-68.90)

 Greece
77.10
(76.80-77.40)
82.10
(81.90-82.40)

 Grenada
68.60
(67.40-69.80)
73.50
(72.20-74.70)

 Guatemala
66.90
(66.30-67.50)
74.00
(73.50-74.50)

 Guinea-Bissau
54.80
(46.10-63.40)
58.60
(50.80-66.60)

 Guinea
58.40
(53.70-62.30)
60.50
(56.30-64.00)

 Guyana
63.10
(60.50-65.90)
69.10
(66.90-71.20)

 Haiti
32.50
(19.80-43.10)
43.60
(31.10-51.70)

 Honduras
70.50
(66.30-74.60)
73.20
(69.80-76.50)

 Hungary
70.40
(70.30-70.60)
78.40
(78.20-78.50)

 Iceland
80.00
(79.40-80.60)
84.40
(83.70-85.00)

 India
63.20
(60.60-65.70)
67.50
(65.50-69.90)

 Indonesia
67.70
(66.00-69.20)
71.80
(70.30-73.30)

 Iran
71.60
(68.50-74.60)
77.80
(75.30-80.20)

 Iraq
70.60
(67.20-73.70)
71.40
(68.30-74.40)

 Ireland
77.60
(77.40-77.90)
82.20
(81.90-82.40)

 Israel
79.20
(79.00-79.40)
82.90
(82.70-83.10)

 Italy
78.90
(78.70-79.10)
83.90
(83.70-84.10)

 Jamaica
73.30
(69.90-77.30)
77.30
(74.30-80.30)

 Japan
79.30
(79.30-79.40)
85.90
(85.80-85.90)

 Jordan
75.70
(73.90-77.50)
75.10
(73.20-77.00)

 Kazakhstan
61.30
(59.10-63.30)
72.20
(70.60-73.70)

 Kenya
62.70
(59.90-65.70)
66.90
(64.60-69.00)

 Kiribati
57.80
(51.30-64.00)
65.00
(59.80-69.70)

 Kuwait
76.10
(75.80-76.40)
79.60
(79.20-79.90)

 Kyrgyzstan
62.20
(60.60-63.90)
71.90
(70.40-73.20)

 Laos
62.40
(54.40-69.70)
67.10
(60.20-73.50)

 Latvia
68.90
(68.60-69.20)
78.50
(78.20-78.70)

 Lebanon
76.20
(74.10-77.90)
78.90
(77.50-80.40)

 Lesotho
44.10
(40.90-48.10)
50.70
(47.20-54.80)

 Liberia
56.50
(54.10-58.90)
57.90
(55.20-60.50)

 Libya
72.90
(70.70-75.00)
76.50
(74.60-78.50)

 Lithuania
68.70
(68.50-68.90)
79.30
(79.10-79.60)

 Luxembourg
78.00
(77.50-78.60)
82.20
(81.70-82.80)

 Republic of Macedonia
72.80
(72.50-73.00)
77.20
(77.00-77.50)

 Madagascar
62.20
(58.90-65.60)
65.10
(61.80-68.10)

 Malawi
50.90
(48.50-53.60)
54.90
(52.70-57.50)

 Malaysia
71.30
(71.00-71.60)
76.50
(76.20-76.80)

 Maldives
77.50
(76.70-78.30)
80.40
(79.70-81.20)

 Mali
56.90
(52.90-60.70)
57.70
(53.80-61.20)

 Malta
77.10
(76.60-77.60)
83.00
(82.40-83.60)

 Marshall Islands
61.90
(57.50-66.00)
66.00
(61.90-70.00)

 Mauritania
63.30
(59.10-67.20)
65.70
(61.80-68.80)

 Mauritius
69.70
(69.30-70.00)
76.90
(76.50-77.30)

 Mexico
72.50
(72.30-72.80)
78.40
(78.20-78.60)

 Moldova
65.50
(65.00-65.80)
74.60
(74.20-74.90)

 Mongolia
60.30
(58.60-62.20)
69.30
(67.80-70.80)

 Montenegro
73.00
(72.20-73.60)
78.20
(77.50-78.90)

 Morocco
70.90
(68.30-73.30)
74.40
(72.20-76.10)

 Mozambique
50.00
(46.90-53.40)
54.90
(51.80-58.30)

 Namibia
58.40
(55.20-61.60)
64.90
(61.90-67.60)

   Nepal
67.70
(65.50-70.10)
70.60
(68.60-72.80)

 Netherlands
78.50
(78.40-78.60)
82.60
(82.40-82.70)

 New Zealand
78.60
(78.40-78.80)
82.70
(82.50-83.00)

 Nicaragua
71.50
(70.60-72.20)
77.50
(76.70-78.20)

 Niger
56.90
(51.70-61.50)
58.70
(54.10-62.60)

 Nigeria
58.80
(56.50-61.40)
60.40
(58.20-62.90)

 North Korea
68.00
(64.90-70.70)
73.30
(70.60-75.50)

 Norway
78.50
(78.30-78.70)
83.10
(82.90-83.40)

 Oman
73.80
(72.20-75.40)
78.90
(77.50-80.10)

 Pakistan
63.90
(60.70-67.10)
67.80
(64.80-70.90)

 Palestine
70.30
(67.90-72.70)
76.40
(74.30-78.30)

 Panama
73.60
(72.30-74.90)
80.20
(78.90-81.50)

 Papua New Guinea
57.50
(48.10-66.50)
60.30
(51.90-69.00)

 Paraguay
71.00
(69.70-72.40)
75.60
(74.70-76.40)

 Peru
75.20
(73.80-76.70)
77.60
(76.10-79.00)

 Philippines
66.60
(65.50-67.80)
73.80
(72.80-74.80)

 Poland
72.10
(72.00-72.20)
80.50
(80.40-80.60)

 Portugal
76.30
(76.20-76.50)
82.30
(82.20-82.50)

 Qatar
78.90
(77.70-80.00)
82.10
(81.10-83.20)

 Romania
70.10
(70.00-70.20)
77.60
(77.40-77.70)

 Russia
63.10
(62.80-63.30)
74.70
(74.40-74.90)

 Rwanda
62.00
(60.10-63.90)
67.10
(65.50-69.00)

 Saint Lucia
70.90
(68.60-73.40)
76.50
(74.50-78.80)

 Saint Vincent and the Grenadines
69.70
(68.50-71.00)
74.50
(73.10-75.80)

 Samoa
68.40
(65.40-70.90)
73.40
(70.90-75.80)

 São Tomé and Príncipe
68.20
(64.40-71.80)
72.10
(69.00-75.20)

 Saudi Arabia
75.00
(73.60-76.40)
79.90
(78.80-81.00)

 Senegal
63.50
(61.10-66.10)
67.10
(65.20-69.30)

 Serbia
74.00
(73.70-74.20)
79.50
(79.20-79.80)

 Seychelles
61.30
(60.20-62.40)
71.80
(70.70-72.90)

 Sierra Leone
56.50
(53.60-59.30)
60.90
(58.30-63.10)

 Singapore
78.80
(78.60-79.00)
83.30
(83.00-83.50)

 Slovakia
71.60
(71.40-71.70)
79.10
(78.90-79.30)

 Slovenia
75.90
(75.60-76.20)
82.50
(82.20-82.90)

 Solomon Islands
60.50
(52.20-68.10)
64.00
(55.40-71.40)

 Somalia
54.60
(45.40-62.60)
57.20
(47.70-65.60)

 South Africa
57.40
(54.80-59.60)
62.30
(59.90-64.70)

 South Korea
76.50
(76.30-76.70)
82.70
(82.60-82.90)

 Spain
78.40
(78.20-78.70)
84.20
(84.00-84.40)

 Sri Lanka
71.60
(70.30-72.80)
79.80
(78.70-80.70)

 Sudan
66.90
(64.20-69.00)
70.70
(68.80-72.90)

 Suriname
70.10
(68.20-72.20)
75.20
(73.70-76.80)

 Swaziland
47.40
(43.50-51.30)
51.40
(48.00-55.10)

 Sweden
79.20
(79.00-79.40)
83.50
(83.40-83.70)

  Switzerland
79.70
(79.50-79.80)
84.50
(84.30-84.70)

 Syria
75.10
(73.50-76.60)
80.20
(78.90-81.40)

 Taiwan
75.90
(75.80-76.00)
81.90
(81.80-82.00)

 Tajikistan
65.20
(62.70-67.50)
71.50
(69.40-73.60)

 Tanzania
60.90
(58.10-63.70)
62.60
(60.20-65.20)

 Thailand
70.90
(69.10-72.50)
77.50
(76.30-78.80)

 The Bahamas
71.40
(68.50-74.50)
80.40
(76.90-85.50)

 The Gambia
60.80
(53.40-69.00)
64.00
(55.90-72.40)

 Timor-Leste
67.80
(66.30-69.20)
69.70
(68.10-71.20)

 Togo
58.30
(54.70-61.80)
62.10
(58.40-65.60)

 Tonga
67.30
(64.70-69.90)
73.80
(71.40-76.10)

 Trinidad and Tobago
66.20
(65.00-67.40)
75.30
(74.10-76.40)

 Tunisia
74.10
(70.70-77.60)
78.90
(75.70-81.90)

 Turkey
71.20
(69.50-73.00)
77.70
(75.90-79.30)

 Turkmenistan
65.40
(60.70-69.50)
73.40
(69.50-77.20)

 Uganda
58.30
(55.30-61.40)
62.50
(59.80-65.10)

 UK
77.80
(77.80-77.90)
81.90
(81.80-82.00)

 Ukraine
64.50
(63.50-65.30)
74.90
(74.20-75.40)

 United Arab Emirates
75.30
(73.00-77.60)
78.60
(76.50-80.70)

 Uruguay
72.60
(72.10-73.10)
80.40
(79.90-80.90)

 USA
75.90
(75.80-75.90)
80.50
(80.50-80.60)

 Uzbekistan
65.60
(61.90-68.80)
72.30
(69.50-75.30)

 Vanuatu
62.20
(54.10-69.50)
66.90
(59.80-72.50)

 Venezuela
70.30
(68.90-71.50)
79.20
(78.40-80.00)

 Vietnam
71.60
(69.30-74.00)
79.60
(78.00-81.10)

 Yemen
65.50
(59.20-71.40)
66.30
(59.30-72.40)

 Zambia
54.30
(51.10-57.70)
57.30
(54.20-60.30)

 Zimbabwe
51.10
(46.60-55.60)
55.10
(51.30-59.30)

text: List by the CIA (2016)[edit]

text: The US CIA published the following life expectancy data in its World Factbook.[1]

text:
Rank
Entity
Overall life expectancy at birth
Male life expectancy at birth
Female life expectancy at birth

1
 Monaco
89.5
85.6
93.5

2
 Japan
85
81.7
88.5

3
 Singapore
85
82.3
87.8

4
 Macau ( China)
84.5
81.6
87.6

5
 San Marino
83.3
80.7
86.1

6
 Iceland
83
80.9
85.3

7
 Hong Kong ( China)
82.9
80.3
85.8

8
 Andorra
82.8
80.6
85.1

9
  Switzerland
82.6
80.3
85

10
 Guernsey
82.5
79.9
85.4

11
 Israel
82.4
80.6
84.4

12
 South Korea
82.4
79.3
85.8

13
 Luxembourg
82.3
79.8
84.9

14
 Australia
82.2
79.8
84.8

15
 Italy
82.2
79.6
85

16
 Sweden
82.1
80.2
84.1

17
 Canada
81.9
79.2
84.6

18
 Jersey
81.9
79.4
84.5

19
 Liechtenstein
81.9
79.7
84.6

20
 France (metropolitan)
81.8
78.7
85.1

21
 Norway
81.8
79.8
83.9

22
 Spain
81.7
78.7
84.9

23
 Austria
81.5
78.9
84.3

24
 Anguilla
81.4
78.8
84.1

25
 Bermuda
81.3
78.1
84.5

26
 Netherlands
81.3
79.2
83.6

27
 Cayman Islands
81.2
78.5
84

28
 Isle of Man
81.2
79.5
83

29
 New Zealand
81.2
79.1
83.3

30
 Belgium
81
78.4
83.7

31
 Finland
80.9
77.9
84

32
 Ireland
80.8
78.5
83.2

33
 Germany
80.7
78.4
83.1

34
 United Kingdom
80.7
78.5
83

35
 Greece
80.5
77.9
83.3

36
 Saint Pierre and Miquelon
80.5
78.2
83

37
 Faroe Islands
80.4
77.8
83.1

38
 Malta
80.4
78
82.8

39
 European Union
80.2
77.4
83.2

40
 Taiwan
80.1
77
83.5

41
 U.S. Virgin Islands
80
77
83.2

42
 Turks and Caicos Islands
79.8
77.1
82.7

43
 United States
79.8
77.5
82.1

44
 Wallis and Futuna
79.7
76.7
82.8

45
 Saint Helena, Ascension and Tristan da Cunha
79.5
76.6
82.6

46
 Denmark
79.4
77
82

47
 Gibraltar
79.4
76.6
82.5

48
 Puerto Rico
79.4
75.8
83.1

49
 Portugal
79.3
76.1
82.8

50
 Bahrain
78.9
76.7
81.1

51
 Chile
78.8
75.7
81.9

52
 Cuba
78.7
76.4
81.1

53
 Cyprus
78.7
75.8
81.6

54
 Qatar
78.7
76.7
80.8

55
 British Virgin Islands
78.6
77.2
80.1

56
 Costa Rica
78.6
75.9
81.4

57
 Czech Republic
78.6
75.7
81.8

58
 Panama
78.6
75.8
81.6

59
 Albania
78.3
75.7
81.2

60
 Slovenia
78.2
74.6
82

61
 Dominican Republic
78.1
75.9
80.5

62
 Sint Maarten ( Netherlands)
78.1
75.8
80.6

63
 Kuwait
78
76.6
79.4

64
 Northern Mariana Islands ( US)
78
75.3
80.8

65
 Falkland Islands
77.9
75.6
79.6

66
 Saint Lucia
77.8
75
80.7

67
 New Caledonia ( France)
77.7
73.7
81.9

68
 Lebanon
77.6
76.3
78.9

69
 Poland
77.6
73.7
81.7

70
 United Arab Emirates
77.5
74.8
80.2

71
 Brunei
77.2
74.8
79.6

72
 French Polynesia ( France)
77.2
74.9
79.6

73
 Paraguay
77.2
74.5
80

74
 Uruguay
77.2
74.1
80.5

75
 Argentina
77.1
74
80.4

76
 Slovakia
77.1
73.5
80.9

77
 Dominica
77
74
80.1

78
 Morocco
76.9
73.8
80.1

79
 Algeria
76.8
75.5
78.2

80
 Aruba ( Netherlands)
76.8
73.7
79.9

81
 Ecuador
76.8
73.8
79.9

82
 Sri Lanka
76.8
73.3
80.4

83
 Bosnia and Herzegovina
76.7
73.7
80

84
 Estonia
76.7
71.9
81.7

85
 Antigua and Barbuda
76.5
74.4
78.8

86
 Libya
76.5
74.7
78.3

87
 Georgia
76.2
72.1
80.6

88
 Republic of Macedonia
76.2
73.6
79

89
 Tonga
76.2
74.7
77.8

90
 Tunisia
76.1
74
78.4

91
 Croatia
75.9
72.7
79.2

92
 Hungary
75.9
72.2
79.8

93
 Mexico
75.9
73.1
78.8

94
 Cook Islands
75.8
73
78.8

95
 Venezuela
75.8
72.7
78.9

96
 Colombia
75.7
72.6
79

97
 Saint Kitts and Nevis
75.7
73.3
78.2

98
 Maldives
75.6
73.3
78

99
 Mauritius
75.6
72.2
79.2

100
 Oman
75.5
73.5
77.5

101
 People's Republic of China
75.5
73.5
77.9

102
 Serbia
75.5
72.6
78.5

103
 American Samoa ( US)
75.4
72.4
78.5

104
 Barbados
75.3
73
77.7

105
 Saint Vincent and the Grenadines
75.3
73.3
77.4

106
 Saudi Arabia
75.3
73.2
77.4

107
 Solomon Islands
75.3
72.7
78.1

108
 Romania
75.1
71.7
78.8

109
 Malaysia
75
72.2
78

110
 West Bank
75
73
77.1

111
 Iraq
74.9
72.6
77.2

112
 Lithuania
74.9
69.5
80.6

113
 Syria
74.9
72.5
77.4

114
 Turkey
74.8
72.5
77.3

115
 El Salvador
74.7
71.4
78.1

116
 Seychelles
74.7
70.2
79.4

117
 Thailand
74.7
71.5
78

118
 Armenia
74.6
71.4
78.3

119
 Jordan
74.6
73.2
76.1

120
 Bulgaria
74.5
71.2
78

121
 Latvia
74.5
69.9
79.3

122
 Montserrat
74.4
75.8
72.9

123
 Grenada
74.3
71.7
77.1

124
 Gaza Strip
73.9
72.3
75.7

125
 Brazil
73.8
70.2
77.5

126
 Uzbekistan
73.8
70.7
77

127
 Peru
73.7
71.7
75.9

128
 Samoa
73.7
70.8
76.8

129
 Jamaica
73.6
72
75.3

130
 Vanuatu
73.4
71.8
75.1

131
 Vietnam
73.4
70.9
76.2

132
 Bangladesh
73.2
71
75.4

133
 Nicaragua
73.2
71.1
75.5

134
 Marshall Islands
73.1
70.9
75.4

135
 Palau
73.1
69.9
76.5

136
 Federated States of Micronesia
72.9
70.8
75

137
 Trinidad and Tobago
72.9
69.9
75.9

138
 Belarus
72.7
67.2
78.6

139
 Egypt
72.7
71.4
74.2

140
 Fiji
72.7
70
75.5

141
 Indonesia
72.7
67.3
69.8

142
 Azerbaijan
72.5
69.5
75.8

143
 Greenland ( Denmark)
72.4
69.7
75.2

144
 The Bahamas
72.4
70
74.8

145
 Guatemala
72.3
70.3
74.4

146
 Suriname
72.2
69.8
74.8

147
 Cabo Verde
72.1
69.8
74.5

148
 Ukraine
71.8
67.1
76.9

149
 Iran
71.4
69.8
73.1

150
 Honduras
71.1
69.5
72.8

151
 Kazakhstan
70.8
65.6
75.7

152
 Kyrgyzstan
70.7
66.5
75.1

153
 Moldova
70.7
66.9
74.8

154
   Nepal
70.7
70.1
71.3

155
 North Korea
70.4
66.6
74.5

156
 Russia
70.3
64.3
76.4

157
 Bhutan
70.1
69.1
71.1

158
 Turkmenistan
70.1
67.1
73.3

159
 Mongolia
69.6
65.4
74.1

160
 Bolivia
69.2
66.4
72.1

161
 Philippines
69.2
65.7
72.9

162
 Belize
68.7
67.2
70.4

163
 India
68.5
67.3
69.8

164
 Guyana
68.4
65.4
71.5

165
 Timor-Leste
68.1
66.5
69.7

166
 Pakistan
67.7
65.8
69.8

167
 Tajikistan
67.7
64.6
71

168
 Papua New Guinea
67.2
65
69.5

169
 Nauru
67.1
63
70.5

170
 Burma
66.6
64.2
69.2

171
 Ghana
66.6
64.1
69.1

172
 Tuvalu
66.5
64.3
68.8

173
 Kiribati
66.2
63.7
68.8

174
 Madagascar
65.9
64.4
67.4

175
 Yemen
65.5
63.4
67.8

176
 Togo
65
62.3
69.7

177
 Eritrea
64.9
62.4
67.5

178
 São Tomé and Príncipe
64.9
63.6
66.3

179
 The Gambia
64.9
62.5
67.3

180
 Cambodia
64.5
62
67.1

181
 Laos
64.3
62.2
66.4

182
 Comoros
64.2
61.9
66.6

183
 Equatorial Guinea
64.2
63.1
65.4

184
 Sudan
64.1
62
66.3

185
 Kenya
64
62.6
65.5

186
 Haiti
63.8
61.2
66.4

187
 Namibia
63.6
62.1
65.1

188
 Djibouti
63.2
60.7
65.8

189
 South Africa
63.1
61.6
64.6

190
Western Sahara
63
60.7
65.4

191
 Mauritania
63
60.7
65.4

192
 Ethiopia
62.2
59.8
64.7

193
 Tanzania
62.2
60.8
63.6

194
 Benin
61.9
60.5
63.3

195
 Senegal
61.7
59.7
63.8

196
 Malawi
61.2
59.2
63.2

197
 Guinea
60.6
59
62.2

198
 Burundi
60.5
58.8
62.3

199
 Rwanda
60.1
58.5
61.7

200
 Republic of the Congo
59.3
58.1
60.6

201
 Liberia
59
57.3
60.8

202
 Côte d'Ivoire
58.7
57.5
59.9

203
 Cameroon
58.5
57.1
59.9

204
 Sierra Leone
58.2
55.6
60.9

205
 Zimbabwe
58
57.3
58.7

206
 Democratic Republic of the Congo
57.3
55.8
58.9

207
 Angola
56
54.8
57.2

208
 Mali
55.8
53.9
57.7

209
 Burkina Faso
55.5
53.4
57.6

210
 Niger
55.5
54.3
56.8

211
 Uganda
55.4
54
56.9

212
 Botswana
54.5
56.3
52.6

213
 Nigeria
53.4
52.4
54.5

214
 Mozambique
53.3
52.6
54.1

215
 Lesotho
53
52.9
53.1

216
 Zambia
52.5
50.8
54.1

217
 Somalia
52.4
50.3
54.5

218
 Central African Republic
52.3
51
53.7

219
 Gabon
52.1
51.6
52.5

220
 Swaziland
51.6
52.2
51

221
 Afghanistan
51.3
49.9
52.7

222
 Guinea-Bissau
50.6
48.6
52.7

223
 Chad
50.2
49
51.3

text: List by the OECD (2013)[edit]

text:
Life expectancy at birth (years), OECD (2013)[14]

Rank
state/territory
Overall
Male
Female

1
 Japan
83.4
80.2
86.6

2
 Spain
83.2
80.2
86.1

3
  Switzerland
82.9
80.7
85.0

4
 Italy
82.8
80.3
85.2

5
 France
82.3
79.0
85.6

6
 Australia
82.2
80.1
84.3

7=
 Israel
82.1
80.3
83.9

7=
 Iceland
82.1
80.5
83.7

9
 Sweden
82.0
80.2
83.8

10
 Luxembourg
81.9
79.8
83.9

11=
 Norway
81.8
79.8
83.8

11=
 South Korea
81.8
78.5
85.1

13
 Canada[15]
81.5
79.3
83.6

14=
 New Zealand
81.4
79.5
83.2

14=
 Netherlands
81.4
79.5
83.2

14=
 Greece
81.4
78.7
84.0

17
 Austria
81.2
78.6
83.8

18=
 United Kingdom
81.1
79.2
82.9

18=
 Ireland
81.1
79.0
83.1

18=
 Finland
81.1
78.0
84.1

21
 Germany
80.9
78.6
83.2

22
 Portugal
80.8
77.6
84.0

23
 Belgium
80.7
78.1
83.2

24
 Slovenia
80.4
77.2
83.6

25
 Denmark
80.4
78.3
82.4

26=
 Chile
78.8
76.3
81.4

26=
 United States
78.8
76.4
81.2

28
 Czech Republic
78.3
75.2
81.3

29
 Estonia
77.3
72.8
81.7

30
 Poland
77.1
73.0
81.2

31
 Turkey
76.6
73.7
79.4

32
 Slovakia
76.5
72.9
80.1

33
 Hungary
75.7
72.2
79.1

34
 Mexico
74.6
71.7
77.4


document_title: Red Dog Mine, Alaska

question_text: where is red dog mine located in alaska

question_tokens: where is red dog mine located in alaska

root

text: Red Dog Mine, Alaska

text: Economy[edit]

text: The Red Dog mine is the only economic activity and the mine is the only inhabited site within the Red Dog Mine CDP.[2]

tag: p

text: Mining[edit]

text: The Red Dog Mine CDP derives its name from the Red Dog mine, the world's largest source for zinc and a significant source of lead.[citation needed] Construction of the Red Dog mine began in 1987, after exploration revealed that the area was rich in metals.[3][4]

text: The Red Dog ore body is one of the world's most significant zinc deposits, containing a number of ore bodies. The mine is located in Alaska's Northwest Arctic Borough, in the DeLong Mountains of the western Brooks Range, 90 miles north of Kotzebue and 55 miles from the Chukchi Sea.

text: At the end of 2007, the site's proven and probable reserves plus indicated resources amounted to 77.5 million tons, containing 17.5 percent zinc and 4.8 percent lead, as well as 2.8 ounces per ton of silver. In addition, Red Dog also contains 36.6 million tons of inferred resources. The entire deposit lies inside a relatively small area (one mile by one-half mile). The deposit is essentially flat-lying at the surface, making open pit mining the extraction method of choice.[1]

text: Geography[edit]

text: Red Dog Mine is located at 68°04′19″N 162°52′34″W / 68.071989°N 162.876044°W / 68.071989; -162.876044.[5] It is in the DeLong Mountains in the remote western Brooks Range about 90 miles (140 km) north of Kotzebue and 55 miles (89 km) from the Chukchi Sea.

text: Red Dog Mine is very isolated. It is located within the Northwest Arctic Borough, an area approximately the size of Indiana with only 11 communities, none connected by roads, with a total population of only 7,208 people at the 2000 census. The nearest of those communities are Noatak, population 428, roughly 50 miles (80 km) south and Kivalina, population 377, roughly 60 miles (100 km) west at the 2000 census.[6]

text: Although native populations have historically used the nearby area for seasonal food-gathering, there are no permanent residents at the mine or the port site. The mine's workforce consists of about 460 employees and contractors, of which somewhat more than half will be on-site at any given time. At the mine, everyone stays in the single large housing unit, tucked in among the process buildings near the edge of the open pit, while a small portion of the work force stays at the port site.[7]

text: According to the United States Census Bureau, the CDP has a total area of 66.9 square miles (173 km2), all land.

text: Demographics[edit]

text: As of the census of 2000,[6] there were 32 people, 0 households, and 0 families residing in the CDP. The population density was 0.5 people per square mile (0.2/km²). There were 0 housing units. The racial makeup of the CDP was 31.25% White, 65.62% Native American, and 3.12% from two or more races.

text: In the CDP, the age distribution of the population shows 18.8% from 18 to 24, 62.5% from 25 to 44, and 18.8% from 45 to 64. The median age was 34 years. For every 100 females there were 700.0 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 700.0 males.

text: The median income for both males and females in the CDP was $0. The per capita income for the CDP was $34,438. 37.9% of the population were living below the poverty line.

text: Transportation[edit]

text: A 52-mile (84 km) long haul road connects the mine to the mine's port site on the Chukchi Sea. The region is accessible only by air, served by the Red Dog Airport, except during the 100-day shipping season. Mine workers from remote villages in the region are ferried to the mine on small aircraft. Alaska Airlines is contracted by the mine to fly other mine workers out of Anchorage.


document_title: Iron Maiden

question_text: where does the name iron maiden come from

question_tokens: where does the name iron maiden come from

text: Iron Maiden

text: History[edit]

text: Early years (1975–1978)[edit]

text: Iron Maiden were formed on Christmas Day in 1975 by bassist Steve Harris shortly after he left his previous group, Smiler. Harris attributes the band's name to a film adaptation of The Man in the Iron Mask from the novel by Alexandre Dumas, the title of which reminded him of the iron maiden torture device.[7] After months of rehearsal, Iron Maiden made their debut at St. Nicks Hall in Poplar on 1 May 1976,[8] before taking up a semi-residency at the Cart and Horses Pub in Maryland Point, Stratford.[9]

text: The original line-up did not last very long, however, with vocalist Paul Day being the first casualty as, according to Harris, he lacked "energy or charisma on stage".[10] He was replaced by Dennis Wilcock, a Kiss fan who used make-up and fake blood during live performances.[10] Wilcock's friend Dave Murray was invited to join, to the dismay of the band's guitarists Dave Sullivan and Terry Rance.[11] Their frustration led Harris to temporarily disband Iron Maiden in 1976,[11] though the group reformed soon after with Murray as the sole guitarist. Steve Harris and Dave Murray remain the band's longest-standing members and have performed on all of their releases.

text: Iron Maiden recruited yet another guitarist in 1977, Bob Sawyer, who was sacked for embarrassing the band on stage by pretending to play guitar with his teeth.[12] Tension ensued again, causing a rift between Murray and Wilcock, who convinced Harris to fire Murray,[13] as well as original drummer Ron Matthews.[8] A new line-up was put together, including future Cutting Crew member Tony Moore on keyboards, Terry Wapram on guitar, and drummer Barry Purkis (better known today as Thunderstick). A bad performance at the Bridgehouse, a pub located in Canning Town,[14] in November 1977 was the line-up's first and only concert and led to Purkis being replaced by Doug Sampson.[15] At the same time, Moore was asked to leave as Harris decided that keyboards did not suit the band's sound.[15] A few months later, Dennis Wilcock decided that he had had enough with the group and left to form his own band, V1, and Dave Murray was immediately reinstated.[16] As he preferred to be the band's sole guitarist, Wapram disapproved of Murray's return and was also dismissed.[8]

text: Steve Harris, Dave Murray and Doug Sampson spent the summer and autumn of 1978 rehearsing while they searched for a singer to complete the band's new line-up.[17] A chance meeting at the Red Lion pub in Leytonstone in November 1978 evolved into a successful audition for vocalist Paul Di'Anno.[18] Steve Harris has stated, "There's sort of a quality in Paul's voice, a raspiness in his voice, or whatever you want to call it, that just gave it this great edge."[19] At this time, Murray would typically act as their sole guitarist, with Harris commenting, "Davey was so good he could do a lot of it on his own. The plan was always to get a second guitarist in, but finding one that could match Davey was really difficult."[20]

text: Record contract and early releases (1978–1981)[edit]

text: On New Year's Eve 1978, Iron Maiden recorded a demo, consisting of four songs, at Spaceward Studios in Cambridge.[21] Hoping the recording would help them secure more gigs,[21] the band presented a copy to Neal Kay, then managing a heavy metal club called "Bandwagon Heavy Metal Soundhouse", located in Kingsbury Circle, northwest London.[22] Upon hearing the tape, Kay began playing the demo regularly at the Bandwagon, and one of the songs, "Prowler", eventually went to No. 1 in the Soundhouse charts, which were published weekly in Sounds magazine.[23] A copy was also acquired by Rod Smallwood, who soon became the band's manager,[24] and, as Iron Maiden's popularity increased, they released the demo on their own record label as The Soundhouse Tapes, named after the club.[25] Featuring only three tracks (one song, "Strange World", was excluded as the band were unsatisfied with its production)[26] all five thousand copies were sold out within weeks.[27]

text: In December 1979, the band secured a major record deal with EMI[28] and asked Dave Murray's childhood friend Adrian Smith of Urchin to join the group as their second guitarist.[29] Smith declined as he was busy with his own band, Urchin, so Iron Maiden hired guitarist Dennis Stratton instead.[30] Shortly afterwards, Doug Sampson left due to health issues and was replaced by ex-Samson drummer Clive Burr at Stratton's suggestion on 26 December.[31] Iron Maiden's first appearance on an album was on the Metal for Muthas compilation (released on 15 February 1980) with two early versions of "Sanctuary" and "Wrathchild".[32] The release led to an ensuing tour which featured several other bands linked with the new wave of British heavy metal.[33]

text: Iron Maiden's eponymous 1980 release, Iron Maiden, debuted at No. 4 in the UK Albums Chart.[34] In addition to the title track (a live version of which would be one of the first music videos aired on MTV),[35] the album includes other early favourites such as "Running Free", "Transylvania", "Phantom of the Opera", and "Sanctuary" – which was not on the original UK release but appeared on the US version and subsequent remasters. The band set out on a headline tour of the UK, before opening for Kiss on their 1980 Unmasked Tour's European leg as well as supporting Judas Priest on select dates. Iron Maiden also appeared, to much acclaim, at the Reading Festival 1980. They were second to top of the bill on the Saturday, with UFO headlining. After the Kiss tour, Dennis Stratton was dismissed from the band as a result of creative and personal differences,[36] and was replaced by Adrian Smith in October 1980.

text: In 1981, Iron Maiden released their second album, entitled Killers. Containing many tracks written prior to their debut release, only two new songs were written for the record: "Prodigal Son" and "Murders in the Rue Morgue"[37] (the latter's title was taken from the short story by Edgar Allan Poe).[38] Unsatisfied with the production on their debut album,[39] the band hired veteran producer Martin Birch,[40] who would go on to work for Iron Maiden until his retirement in 1992.[41] The record was followed by the band's first world tour, which included their debut performance in the United States, opening for Judas Priest at The Aladdin Casino, Las Vegas.[42]

text: Success (1981–1985)[edit]

text: By 1981, Paul Di'Anno was demonstrating increasingly self-destructive behaviour, particularly through his drug usage,[8] about which Di'Anno comments, "it wasn't just that I was snorting a bit of coke, though; I was just going for it non-stop, 24 hours a day, every day ... the band had commitments piling up that went on for months, years, and I just couldn't see my way to the end of it. I knew I'd never last the whole tour. It was too much."[43] With his performances suffering, Di'Anno was immediately dismissed following the Killer World Tour,[44] at which point the band had already selected his replacement.[45]

text: After a meeting with Rod Smallwood at the Reading Festival,[46] Bruce Dickinson, previously of Samson, auditioned for Iron Maiden in September 1981 and was immediately hired.[45] The following month, Dickinson went out on the road with the band on a small headlining tour in Italy, as well as a one-off show at the Rainbow Theatre in the UK.[44] For the last show, and in anticipation of their forthcoming album, the band played "Children of the Damned" and "22 Acacia Avenue", introducing fans to the sound towards which they were progressing.[47]

text: In 1982, Iron Maiden released The Number of the Beast, an album which gave the band their first UK Albums Chart No. 1 record[48] and additionally became a Top Ten hit in many other countries.[49] At the time, Dickinson was in the midst of legal difficulties with Samson's management and was not permitted to add his name to any of the songwriting credits, although he still made what he described as a "moral contribution" to "Children of the Damned", "The Prisoner" and "Run to the Hills".[50] For the second time the band embarked on a world tour, dubbed The Beast on the Road, during which they visited North America, Japan, Australia and Europe, including a headline appearance at the Reading Festival. A new and hugely successful chapter in Iron Maiden's future was cemented; in 2010 The New York Times reported that the album had sold over 14 million copies worldwide.[51]

text: The Beast on the Road's US leg proved controversial when an American conservative political lobbying group claimed Iron Maiden were Satanic because of the new album's title track,[49] to the point where a group of Christian activists destroyed Iron Maiden records as a protest against the band.[52] In recent years, Dickinson has stated that the band treated this as "silliness",[53] and that the demonstrations in fact gave them "loads of publicity".[8]

text: In December 1982, drummer Clive Burr was fired from the band and replaced by Nicko McBrain, previously of French band Trust.[54] Although Harris states that his dismissal took place because his live performances were affected by offstage activities,[55] Burr objected to this and claimed that he was unfairly ousted from the band.[56] Soon afterwards, the band journeyed for the first time to The Bahamas to record the first of three consecutive albums at Compass Point Studios.[57] In 1983, they released Piece of Mind, which reached the No. 3 spot in the UK,[58] and was the band's debut in the North American charts, reaching No. 70 on the Billboard 200.[59] Piece of Mind includes the successful singles "The Trooper" and "Flight of Icarus", the latter of which being particularly notable as one of the band's few songs to gain substantial airplay in the US.[60]

text: Soon after the success of Piece of Mind and its supporting tour, the band released Powerslave on 9 September 1984. The album featured fan favourites "2 Minutes to Midnight", "Aces High", and "Rime of The Ancient Mariner",[61] the latter based on Samuel Taylor Coleridge's poem of the same name and running over 13 minutes long.

text: The tour following the album, dubbed the World Slavery Tour, was the band's largest to date and consisted of 193 shows in 28 countries over 13 months,[61] playing to an estimated 3,500,000 people.[62] Many shows were played back-to-back in the same city, such as in Long Beach, California, where the band played four consecutive concerts. It was here where the majority of their subsequent live release, Live After Death, was recorded, which became a critical and commercial success, peaking at No. 4 in the UK.[63] Iron Maiden also made their debut appearance in South America, where they co-headlined (with Queen) the Rock in Rio festival to an estimated crowd of 300,000.[64] The tour was physically gruelling for the band, who demanded six months off when it ended (although this was later reduced to four months).[65] This was the first substantial break in the group's history, including the cancellation of a proposed supporting tour for the new live album,[66] with Bruce Dickinson threatening to quit unless the tour ended.[67]

text: Experimentation (1986–1989)[edit]

text: Returning from their time off, the band adopted a different style for their 1986 studio album, entitled Somewhere in Time, featuring, for the first time in the band's history, synthesised bass and guitars to add textures and layers to the sound.[68] The release charted well across the world, particularly with the single "Wasted Years", but notably included no writing credits from lead singer Bruce Dickinson, whose material was rejected by the rest of the band.[69] While Dickinson was focused on his own music, guitarist Adrian Smith, who typically collaborated with the vocalist, was "left to [his] own devices" and began writing songs on his own, coming up with "Wasted Years", "Sea of Madness", and "Stranger in a Strange Land",[70] the last of which would be the album's second single.[69]

text: The experimentation evident on Somewhere in Time continued on their next album, entitled Seventh Son of a Seventh Son, which was released in 1988. A concept album, based on the 1987 novel Seventh Son by Orson Scott Card,[71] this would be the band's first record to include keyboards, performed by Harris and Smith,[71] as opposed to guitar synthesisers on the previous release.[72] After his contributions were not used for Somewhere in Time, Dickinson's enthusiasm was renewed as his ideas were accepted for this album.[72] Another popular release, it became Iron Maiden's second album to hit No. 1 in the UK charts,[73] although it only achieved a Gold certification in the US, in contrast to its four predecessors.[74]

text: During the following tour, the band headlined the Monsters of Rock festival at Donington Park for the first time on 20 August 1988, playing to the largest crowd in the festival's history (107,000).[75] Also included on the bill were Kiss, David Lee Roth, Megadeth, Guns N' Roses and Helloween.[76] The festival was marred, however, by the deaths of two fans in a crowd-surge during the aforementioned Guns N' Roses performance; the following year's festival was cancelled as a result.[75] The tour concluded with several headline shows in the UK in November and December 1988, with the concerts at the NEC Arena, Birmingham recorded for a live video, entitled Maiden England.[77] Throughout the tour, Harris' bass technician, Michael Kenney, provided live keyboards.[78] Kenney has acted as the band's live keyboard player ever since, also performing on the band's four following albums before Harris took over as the group's sole studio keyboardist from 2000's Brave New World.[79]

text: Upheaval (1989–1994)[edit]

text: During another break in 1989, guitarist Adrian Smith released a solo album with his band ASAP, entitled Silver and Gold,[80] and vocalist Bruce Dickinson began work on a solo album with former Gillan guitarist Janick Gers, releasing Tattooed Millionaire in 1990,[81] followed by a tour.[82] At the same time, to mark the band's ten-year recording anniversary, Iron Maiden released The First Ten Years, a series of ten CDs and double 12-inch singles. Between 24 February and 28 April 1990, the individual parts were released one-by-one, each containing two of Iron Maiden's singles, including the original B-sides.

text: Soon afterwards, Iron Maiden regrouped to work on a new studio record. During the pre-production stages, Adrian Smith left the band due to differences with Steve Harris regarding the direction the band should be taking, disagreeing with the "stripped down" style that they were leaning towards.[83] Janick Gers, having worked on Dickinson's solo project, was chosen to replace Smith and became the band's first new member in seven years.[82] The album, No Prayer for the Dying, was released in October 1990[84] and contained "Bring Your Daughter... to the Slaughter", the band's first (and to date, only) UK Singles Chart No. 1, originally recorded by Dickinson's solo outfit for the soundtrack to A Nightmare on Elm Street 5: The Dream Child.[85]

text: After another tour and some more time off, the band recorded their next studio release, Fear of the Dark, which was released in 1992 and included the stand-out title track, which is now a regular fixture in the band's concert setlists. Achieving their third No. 1 in the UK albums chart,[86] the disc also featured the No. 2 single "Be Quick or Be Dead" and the No. 21 single "From Here to Eternity". The album featured the first songwriting by Gers, and no collaboration at all between Harris and Dickinson on songs. The extensive worldwide tour that followed included their first ever Latin American leg (after a single concert during the World Slavery Tour), and headlining the Monsters of Rock festivals in seven European countries. Iron Maiden's second performance at Donington Park, to an audience of 68,500 (the attendance was capped after the incident in 1988),[87] was filmed for the audio and video release, Live at Donington, and featured a guest appearance by Adrian Smith, who joined the band to perform "Running Free".[87]

text: In 1993, Bruce Dickinson left the band to further pursue his solo career, but agreed to remain for a farewell tour and two live albums (later re-released in one package).[88] The first, A Real Live One, featured songs from 1986 to 1992, and was released in March 1993. The second, A Real Dead One, featured songs from 1980 to 1984, and was released after Dickinson had left the band. The tour did not go well, however, with Steve Harris claiming that Dickinson would only perform properly for high-profile shows and that at several concerts he would only mumble into the microphone.[89] Dickinson denies the charge that he was under-performing, stating that it was impossible to "make like Mr Happy Face if the vibe wasn't right", saying that news of his exit from the band had prevented any chance of a good atmosphere during the tour.[90] He played his farewell show with Iron Maiden on 28 August 1993, which was filmed, broadcast by the BBC and released on video under the name Raising Hell.[91]

text: Blaze Bayley era, The X Factor and Virtual XI (1994–1999)[edit]

text: In 1994, the band listened to hundreds of tapes sent in by vocalists before convincing Blaze Bayley, formerly of the band Wolfsbane who had supported Iron Maiden in 1990, to audition for them.[92] Harris' preferred choice from the outset,[93] Bayley had a different vocal style from his predecessor, which ultimately received a mixed reception among fans.[94]

text: After a two-year hiatus (as well as a three-year hiatus from studio releases – a record for the band at the time) Iron Maiden returned in 1995. Releasing The X Factor, the band had their lowest chart position since 1981 for an album in the UK (debuting at No. 8),[95] although it would go on to win Album of the Year awards in France and Germany.[96] The record included the 11-minute epic "Sign of the Cross", the band's longest song since "Rime of the Ancient Mariner", as well as the singles, "Man on the Edge", based on the film Falling Down,[97] and "Lord of the Flies", based on the novel of the same name.[98] The release is notable for its "dark" tone, inspired by Steve Harris' divorce.[96] The band toured for the rest of 1995 and 1996, playing for the first time in Israel and South Africa,[99] before stopping to release Best of the Beast. The band's first compilation, it included a new single, "Virus", whose lyrics attack the critics who had recently written off the band.[100]

text: Iron Maiden returned to the studio to record Virtual XI, released in 1998. The album's chart scores were the band's lowest to date,[101] including the UK where it peaked at No. 16[102] failing to score one million worldwide sales for the first time in Iron Maiden's history.[103] At the same time, Steve Harris assisted in remastering the band's entire discography, up to and including Live at Donington (which was given a mainstream release for the first time).[104]

text: Bayley's tenure in Iron Maiden ended in January 1999 when he was asked to leave during a band meeting.[105] The dismissal took place due to issues Bayley had experienced with his voice during the Virtual XI World Tour,[106] although Janick Gers has since stated that this was partly the band's fault for forcing him to perform songs which were beyond his natural register.[107]

text: Return of Dickinson and Smith, Brave New World (1999–2002)[edit]

text: While the group were considering a replacement for Bayley, Rod Smallwood convinced Steve Harris to invite Bruce Dickinson back into the band.[108] Although Harris admits that he "wasn't really into it" at first, he then thought, "'Well, if the change happens, who should we get?' The thing is, we know Bruce and we know what he's capable of, and you think, 'Well, better the devil you know.' I mean, we got on well professionally for, like, eleven years, and so ... after I thought about it, I didn't really have a problem with it."[108]

text: The band entered into talks with Dickinson, who agreed to rejoin during a meeting in Brighton in January 1999,[109] along with guitarist Adrian Smith, who was telephoned a few hours later.[110] With Gers, Smith's replacement, remaining, Iron Maiden now had a three-guitar line-up and embarked on a hugely successful reunion tour.[111] Dubbed The Ed Hunter Tour, it tied in with the band's newly released greatest hits collection, Ed Hunter, whose track listing was decided by a poll on the group's website, and also contained a computer game of the same name starring the band's mascot.[112]

text: One of Dickinson's primary concerns on rejoining the group "was whether we would in fact be making a real state-of-the-art record and not just a comeback album,"[108] which eventually took the form of 2000's Brave New World.[113] Having disliked the results from Harris' personal studio, Barnyard Studios located on his property in Essex,[114] which had been used for the last four Iron Maiden studio albums, the band recorded the new release at Guillaume Tell Studios, Paris in November 1999 with producer Kevin Shirley.[113] Thematic influences continued with "The Wicker Man" – based on the 1973 British cult film of the same name – and "Brave New World" – title taken from the Aldous Huxley novel of the same name.[115] The album furthered the more progressive and melodic sound present in some earlier recordings, with elaborate song structures and keyboard orchestration.[115]

text: The world tour that followed consisted of well over 100 dates and culminated on 19 January 2001 in a show at the Rock in Rio festival in Brazil, where Iron Maiden played to an audience of around 250,000.[116] While the performance was being produced for a CD and DVD release in March 2002, under the name Rock in Rio,[117] the band took a year out from touring, during which they played three consecutive shows at Brixton Academy in aid of former drummer Clive Burr, who had recently announced that he had been diagnosed with multiple sclerosis.[118] The band performed two further concerts for Burr's MS Trust Fund charity in 2005,[119] and 2007,[120] before his death in 2013.[121]

text: Dance of Death and A Matter of Life and Death (2003–2007)[edit]

text: Following their Give Me Ed... 'Til I'm Dead Tour in the summer of 2003, Iron Maiden released Dance of Death, their thirteenth studio album, which was met by worldwide critical and commercial success.[122] Produced by Kevin Shirley, now the band's regular producer, many critics also felt that this release matched up to their earlier efforts, such as Killers, Piece of Mind and The Number of the Beast.[123] As usual, historical and literary references were present, with "Montségur" in particular being about the Cathar stronghold conquered in 1244,[124] and "Paschendale" relating to the significant battle which took place during The First World War.[125] During the following tour, the band's performance at Westfalenhalle, in Dortmund, Germany, was recorded and released in August 2005 as a live album and DVD, entitled Death on the Road.[126]

text: In 2005, the band announced the Eddie Rips Up the World Tour which, tying in with their 2004 DVD entitled The History of Iron Maiden – Part 1: The Early Days, only featured material from their first four albums.[127] As part of this celebration of their earlier years, "The Number of the Beast" single was re-released[128] and went straight to No. 3 in the UK Chart.[129] The tour included many headlining stadium and festival dates, including a performance at Ullevi Stadium in Sweden to an audience of almost 60,000.[130] This concert was also broadcast live on satellite television all over Europe to approximately 60 million viewers.[131] Following this run of European shows, the band co-headlined the US festival tour, Ozzfest, with Black Sabbath, their final performance at which earned international press coverage after their show was sabotaged by singer Ozzy Osbourne's family,[132] who took offence to Dickinson's remarks against reality-TV.[133] The band completed the tour by headlining the Reading and Leeds Festivals on the 26–28 August,[134] and the RDS Stadium in Ireland on 31 August. For the second time, the band played a charity show for The Clive Burr MS Trust Fund, this time taking place at the Hammersmith Apollo.[119] The same year, the band were inducted into the Hollywood RockWalk in Sunset Boulevard, Los Angeles.

text: At the end of 2005, Iron Maiden began work on A Matter of Life and Death, their fourteenth studio effort, released in autumn 2006. While not a concept album,[135] war and religion are recurring themes in the lyrics, as well as in the cover artwork. The release was a critical and commercial success, earning the band their first top ten in the Billboard 200[136] and receiving the Album of the Year award at the 2006 Classic Rock Roll of Honour Awards.[137] A supporting tour followed, during which they played the album in its entirety; response to this was mixed.[138]

text: The second part of the "A Matter of Life and Death" tour, which took place in 2007, was dubbed "A Matter of the Beast" to celebrate the 25th anniversary of The Number of the Beast album, and included appearances at several major festivals worldwide.[139] The tour opened in the Middle East with the band's first performance in Dubai at the Dubai Desert Rock Festival,[140] after which they played to over 30,000 people at the Bangalore Palace Grounds,[141] marking the first concert by any major heavy metal band in the Indian sub-continent.[140] The band went on to play a string of European dates, including an appearance at Download Festival, their fourth headline performance at Donington Park,[142] to approximately 80,000 people.[143] On 24 June they ended the tour with a performance at London's Brixton Academy in aid of The Clive Burr MS Trust fund.[120]

text: Somewhere Back in Time World Tour and Flight 666 (2007–2009)[edit]

text: On 5 September 2007, the band announced their Somewhere Back in Time World Tour, which tied in with the DVD release of their Live After Death album.[144] The setlist for the tour consisted of successes from the 1980s, with a specific emphasis on the Powerslave era for set design.[144] The first part of the tour, commencing in Mumbai, India on 1 February 2008, consisted of 24 concerts in 21 cities, travelling nearly 50,000 miles in the band's own chartered aeroplane,[145] named "Ed Force One".[146] They played their first ever concerts in Costa Rica and Colombia and their first shows in Australia and Puerto Rico since 1992.

text: The tour led to the release of a new compilation album, entitled Somewhere Back in Time, which included a selection of tracks from their 1980 eponymous debut to 1988's Seventh Son of a Seventh Son, as well as several live versions from Live After Death.[147]

text: The Somewhere Back in Time World Tour continued with two further legs in the US and Europe in the summer of 2008, during which the band used a more expansive stage-set, including further elements of the original Live After Death show.[148] With the sole UK concert taking place at Twickenham Stadium, this would be the first time the band would headline a stadium in their own country.[149] The three 2008 legs of the tour were remarkably successful; it was the second highest grossing tour of the year for a British artist.[150]

text: The last part of the tour took place in February and March 2009, with the band, once again, using "Ed Force One".[151] The final leg included the band's first ever appearances in Peru and Ecuador, as well as their return to Venezuela and New Zealand after 17 years.[152] The band also played another show in India (their third in the country within a span of 2 years) at the Rock in India festival to a crowd of 20,000. At their concert in São Paulo on 15 March, Dickinson announced on stage that it was the largest non-festival show of their career, with an overall attendance of 63,000 people.[153] The final leg ended in Florida on 2 April after which the band took a break. Overall, the tour reportedly had an attendance of over two million people worldwide over both years.[154]

text: At the 2009 BRIT Awards, Iron Maiden won the award for best British live act.[155] Voted for by the public, the band reportedly won by a landslide.[156]

text: On 20 January 2009, the band announced that they were to release a full-length documentary film in select cinemas on 21 April 2009. Entitled Iron Maiden: Flight 666, it was filmed during the first part of the Somewhere Back in Time World Tour between February and March 2008.[157] Flight 666 was co-produced by Banger Productions and was distributed in cinemas by Arts Alliance Media and EMI, with D&E Entertainment sub-distributing in the US.[158] The film went on to have a Blu-ray, DVD and CD release in May and June,[154] topping the music DVD charts in 22 countries.[159]

text: The Final Frontier and Maiden England World Tour (2010–2014)[edit]

text: Following announcements that the band had begun composition of new material and booked studio time in early 2010 with Kevin Shirley producing,[160] The Final Frontier was announced on 4 March.[161] The album, the band's fifteenth, was released on 16 August,[162] garnering critical acclaim[163] and the band's greatest commercial success in their history, reaching No. 1 in twenty-eight countries worldwide.[164] Although Steve Harris had been quoted in the past as claiming that the band would only produce fifteen studio releases,[165] band members have since confirmed that there will be at least one further record.[166]

text: The album's supporting tour saw the band perform 98 shows across the globe to an estimated audience of over 2 million,[167] including their first visits to Singapore, Indonesia and South Korea,[164] before concluding in London on 6 August 2011.[168] As the tour's 2010 leg preceded The Final Frontier's release, the band made "El Dorado" available as a free download on 8 June,[162] which would go on to win the award for Best Metal Performance at the 2011 Grammy Awards on 13 February 2011.[169] It is the band's first win following two previous Grammy nominations ("Fear of the Dark" in 1994 and "The Wicker Man" in 2001).[170]

text: On 15 March, a new compilation to accompany 2009's Somewhere Back in Time was announced. Entitled From Fear to Eternity, the original release date was set at 23 May but was later pushed back to 6 June.[171] The double disc set covers the period 1990–2010 (the band's most recent eight studio albums),[171] and, as on Somewhere Back in Time, live versions with Bruce Dickinson were included in place of original recordings which featured other vocalists, in this case Blaze Bayley.

text: In a press release regarding From Fear to Eternity, band manager Rod Smallwood revealed that Iron Maiden will release a new concert video to DVD in 2011, filmed in Santiago, Chile and Buenos Aires, Argentina during The Final Frontier World Tour.[172] On 17 January 2012, the band announced that the new release, entitled En Vivo!, based on footage from the Chile concert, will be made available worldwide on CD, LP, DVD and Blu-ray on 26 March, except the United States and Canada (where it was released on 27 March).[173] In addition to the concert footage, the video release includes an 88-minute tour documentary, entitled Behind The Beast, containing interviews with the band and their crew.[174] In December 2012, one song from the release ("Blood Brothers") was nominated for a Grammy Award for Best Hard Rock/Metal Performance at the 2013 Grammy Awards.[175]

text: On 15 February 2012, the band announced the Maiden England World Tour 2012–14, which was based around the video of the same name.[176] The tour commenced in North America in the summer of 2012 and was followed by further dates in 2013 and 2014, which included the band's record-breaking fifth headline performance at Donington Park,[177] their first show at the newly built national stadium in Stockholm,[178] a return to the Rock in Rio festival in Brazil,[179] and their debut appearance in Paraguay.[180] In August 2012, Steve Harris stated that the Maiden England video would be re-issued in 2013,[181] with a release date later set for 25 March 2013 in DVD, CD and LP formats under the title Maiden England '88.[182]

text: On 11 November 2011, Universal Music Group agreed to acqure Iron Maiden's longtime label EMI for £1.2 billion. Universal completed the deal in September 2012, but was required to divest certain record labels to other parties. On 7 February 2013, Iron Maiden's catalogue was transferred to EMI's Parlophone, which Warner Music Group acquired for £487 million.[183] One week later, Universal sold Sanctuary Records (Iron Maiden's label in the United States) to BMG Rights Management for £40 million.[184]

text: The Book of Souls and Legacy of the Beast (2015–present)[edit]

text: Following confirmation from the group that 2010's The Final Frontier would not be their last album,[166] Bruce Dickinson revealed plans for a sixteenth studio record in July 2013, with a potential release date in 2015.[185] In February 2015, drummer Nicko McBrain revealed that a new album had been completed, although the release has been put on hold while Dickinson recovers from treatment for a cancerous tumour found on his tongue.[186] On 15 May, after Dickinson had been given the all-clear, manager Rod Smallwood confirmed that the album would be released in 2015, although the band will not tour until 2016 to allow Dickinson to recuperate.[187] On 18 June 2015, the band's website announced its title, The Book of Souls, and confirmed a release date of 4 September 2015.[188] A critical and commercial success, it received positive reviews and became the band's fifth UK No. 1 album.[189]

text: The new record was recorded at Guillaume Tell Studios, Paris, which they had previously used for 2000's Brave New World, with regular producer Kevin Shirley in late summer 2014.[190] With a total time of 92 minutes, it is the group's first double studio album.[190] In addition, the release's closing song, "Empire of the Clouds", penned by Dickinson, surpassed "Rime of the Ancient Mariner" (from 1984's Powerslave) as Iron Maiden's longest song, at 18 minutes in length.[188] A music video for the song "Speed of Light" was issued on 14 August.[191]

text: In February 2016, the band embarked on The Book of Souls World Tour, which saw them play concerts in 35 countries in North and South America, Asia, Australasia, Africa and Europe, including their first ever performances in China, El Salvador and Lithuania.[192] As with 2008-09's Somewhere Back in Time World Tour and 2010-11's The Final Frontier World Tour, the group travelled in a customised aeroplane, flown by Dickinson and nicknamed "Ed Force One", although this time they used a Boeing 747-400 jumbo jet.[193] The band completed the tour in 2017 with further European and North American shows.[194] On 20 September 2017, The Book of Souls: Live Chapter was announced. Recorded throughout The Book of Souls World Tour, it was released on 17 November 2017.[195]

text: In the summer of 2016, the group launched a mobile game, Iron Maiden: Legacy of the Beast.[196] Inspired by the game's title, the band will undertake the Legacy of the Beast World Tour from 2018 to 2019, commencing with European shows in 2018.[197]

text: Image and legacy[edit]

text: Iron Maiden were ranked No. 24 in VH1's "100 Greatest Artists of Hard Rock",[198] No. 4 in MTV's "Top 10 Greatest Heavy Metal Bands of All Time"[199] and No. 3 in VH1 Classic's "Top 20 Metal Bands".[200] The band also won the Ivor Novello Award for international achievement in 2002[201] and were inducted into the Hollywood RockWalk whilst touring in the US in 2005.[202]

text: Iron Maiden frequently use the slogan "Up the Irons" in their disc liner notes, and the phrase can also be seen on several T-shirts officially licensed by the band. It is a paraphrase of "Up the Hammers", the phrase which refers to the London football club, West Ham United, of which founder Steve Harris is a fan.[203]

text: Iron Maiden's mascot, Eddie, is a perennial fixture in the band's science fiction and horror-influenced album cover art, as well as in live shows.[204] Originally a papier-mâché mask incorporated in their backdrop which would squirt fake blood during their live shows,[205] the name would be transferred to the character featured in the band's debut album cover, created by Derek Riggs.[206] Eddie was painted exclusively by Riggs until 1992, at which point the band began using artwork from numerous other artists as well, including Melvyn Grant.[86] Eddie is also featured in the band's first-person shooter video game, Ed Hunter,[207] as well as their mobile role-playing game, Iron Maiden: Legacy of the Beast,[196] in addition to numerous T-shirts, posters and other band-related merchandise.[204] In 2008, he was awarded the "Icon Award" at the Metal Hammer Golden Gods,[208] while Gibson.com describes him as "the most recognisable metal icon in the world and one of the most versatile too".[209]

text: Iron Maiden's distinct logo has adorned all of the band's releases since their debut, 1979's The Soundhouse Tapes EP. The typeface originates with Vic Fair's poster design for the 1976 science fiction film, The Man Who Fell to Earth,[210] also used by Gordon Giltrap, although Steve Harris claims that he designed it himself, using his abilities as an architectural draughtsman.[211]

text: Influence on other artists[edit]

text: According to Guitar World, Iron Maiden's music has "influenced generations of newer metal acts, from legends like Metallica to current stars like Avenged Sevenfold,"[212] with Metallica drummer Lars Ulrich commenting that he has "always had an incredible amount of respect and admiration for them."[213] Kerry King of Slayer has stated that "they meant so much to [him] in their early days" and Scott Ian of Anthrax said that "they had a major impact on [his] life."[214]

text: M. Shadows of Avenged Sevenfold states that Iron Maiden "are by far the best live band in the world and their music is timeless", while Trivium singer Matt Heafy comments that "without Iron Maiden, Trivium surely wouldn't exist".[213] Slipknot frontman Corey Taylor says that "Steve Harris does more with four fingers than I've ever seen anybody do. And Bruce Dickinson? Dude! To me, he was the quintessential old-school heavy metal singer. He could hit notes that were just sick, and he was a great showman. Everything made me a fan. And there wasn't a dude that I hung out with that wasn't trying to draw Eddie on their schoolbooks",[199] while their music also helped Jesper Strömblad of In Flames to pioneer the melodic death metal genre, stating that he had wanted to combine death metal with Iron Maiden's melodic guitar sounds.[215]

text: Other heavy metal artists who cite the band as an influence include Chris Jericho, lead singer of Fozzy,[216] Cam Pipes, lead vocalist of 3 Inches of Blood,[217] Vitaly Dubinin, bassist of Aria,[218] and Mikael Åkerfeldt, guitarist and lead vocalist of Opeth.[219] Both current and former Dream Theater members John Petrucci, John Myung and Mike Portnoy have stated that Iron Maiden were one of their biggest influences when their band first formed.[220]

text: Appearance in media[edit]

text: The band's name has been mentioned prominently in several songs, such as the singles "Teenage Dirtbag" by Wheatus,[221] "Back to the 80's" by Danish dance-pop band Aqua.[222] and "Fat Lip" by Sum 41.[223] Iron Maiden have also been referenced in Weezer's "Heart Songs" (from their 2008 self-titled "Red" album),[224] Blues Traveler's "Psycho Joe" (from 1997's Straight on till Morning),[225] and NOFX's "Eddie, Bruce and Paul" (from their 2009 album Coaster), which Sputnikmusic describes as "a humorous retelling of Paul DiAnno's departure".[226]

text: In 2008, Kerrang! released an album, entitled Maiden Heaven: A Tribute to Iron Maiden, composed of Iron Maiden cover songs played by artists such as Metallica, Machine Head, Dream Theater, Trivium, Coheed and Cambria, Avenged Sevenfold, and others who were influenced by Iron Maiden throughout their careers.[213] In 2010, Maiden uniteD, an acoustic tribute band consisting of members of Ayreon, Threshold and Within Temptation, released Mind the Acoustic Pieces, a re-interpretation of the entire Piece of Mind album.[227] Many other Iron Maiden cover albums exist (each featuring various artists), including piano,[228] electro,[229] string quartet[230] and hip-hop tributes.[231]

text: Iron Maiden songs have been featured in the soundtracks of several video games, including Carmageddon 2,[232] Grand Theft Auto: Vice City,[233] Grand Theft Auto: Episodes from Liberty City,[234] Grand Theft Auto IV: The Lost and Damned,[235] Tony Hawk's Pro Skater 4,[236] SSX on Tour[237] and Madden NFL 10.[238] Their music also appears in the Guitar Hero and Rock Band series of rhythmic video games.[239] Iron Maiden songs have also appeared in films, such as Phenomena (entitled Creepers in the US),[240] and Murder by Numbers;[241] while MTV's animated duo Beavis and Butt-head have commented favourably on the band several times.[242]

text: Transformers author Bill Forster is an avowed Iron Maiden fan and made several Iron Maiden references, including song lyrics and the phrase "Up the Irons" in his books, including The Ark series and The AllSpark Almanac series.[243]

text: Claims of Satanic references[edit]

text: In 1982, the band released one of their most popular, controversial and acclaimed albums, The Number of the Beast. The artwork and title track led to Christian groups in the United States branding the band as Satanists, encouraging people to destroy copies of the release.[52] The band's manager, Rod Smallwood, later commented that Christians initially burnt the records, but later decided to destroy them with hammers through fear of breathing in the melting vinyl's fumes.[244] The protests were not restricted to the US, with Christian organisations preventing Iron Maiden from performing in Chile in 1992.[245]

text: Contrary to the accusations, the band have always denied the notion that they are Satanists, with lead vocalist, Bruce Dickinson, doing so on-stage in the Live After Death concert video.[64] Steve Harris has since commented that, "It was mad. They completely got the wrong end of the stick. They obviously hadn't read the lyrics. They just wanted to believe all that rubbish about us being Satanists."[49] Harris has also stated that "The Number of the Beast" song was inspired by a nightmare he had after watching Damien: Omen II,[246] and also influenced by Robert Burns' Tam o' Shanter.[53] Furthermore, the band's drummer, Nicko McBrain, has been a born again Christian since 1999.[247]

text: Ed Force One[edit]

text: For their Somewhere Back in Time World Tour in 2008 and 2009, Iron Maiden commissioned an Astraeus Airlines Boeing 757 as transport.[248] The aeroplane was converted into a combi configuration, which enabled it to carry the band, their crew and stage production, thereby allowing the group to perform in countries which were previously deemed unreachable logistically.[145] It was also repainted with a special Iron Maiden livery,[145] which the airline decided to retain after receiving positive feedback from customers.[249]

text: The aircraft, named "Ed Force One" after a competition on the band's website,[146] was flown by Dickinson, as he was also a commercial airline pilot for Astraeus, and plays a major role in the award-winning documentary,[250] Iron Maiden: Flight 666, which was released in cinemas in 42 countries in April 2009.[157] A different aeroplane (registered G-STRX)[251] was used for The Final Frontier World Tour in 2011 with altered livery, adopting the artwork of The Final Frontier album,[252] and features heavily in the 2012 documentary "Behind the Beast". For The Book of Souls World Tour in 2016, the band upgraded to an ex-Air France Boeing 747-400 jumbo jet, supplied by Air Atlanta Icelandic (registered TF-AAK)[253] and customised by Volga-Dnepr Gulf,[254] which allows for more space without the aircraft having to undergo a significant conversion to carry their equipment.[193]

text: Musical style and influences[edit]

text:
"Run to the Hills" (1982)

"Run to the Hills" (The Number of the Beast) demonstrates the band's trademark "gallop" riff style.

"Caught Somewhere in Time" (1986)

"Caught Somewhere in Time" (Somewhere in Time). The band's use of harmonised guitars and usage of "gallop" rhythm remains unchanged as synthesisers are added.

"Brave New World" (2000)

"Brave New World" (Brave New World) demonstrates the band's increased use of progressive elements in the latter half of their career.

Problems playing these files? See media help.

tag: table

text: Steve Harris, Iron Maiden's bassist and primary songwriter,[255] has stated that his influences include Black Sabbath, Deep Purple, Led Zeppelin, Uriah Heep, Pink Floyd, Genesis, Yes, Jethro Tull, Thin Lizzy, UFO and Wishbone Ash.[256] In 2010 Harris stated, "I think if anyone wants to understand Maiden's early thing, in particular the harmony guitars, all they have to do is listen to Wishbone Ash's Argus album. Thin Lizzy too, but not as much. And then we wanted to have a bit of a prog thing thrown in as well, because I was really into bands like Genesis and Jethro Tull. So you combine all that with the heavy riffs and the speed, and you've got it."[212] In 2004, Harris explained that the band's "heaviness" was inspired by "Black Sabbath and Deep Purple with a bit of Zeppelin thrown in."[257] On top of this, Harris developed his own playing style, which guitarist Janick Gers describes as "more like a rhythm guitar,"[258] cited as responsible for the band's galloping style,[259] heard in such songs as "The Trooper"[260] and "Run to the Hills."[261]

text: The band's guitarists, Dave Murray, Adrian Smith and Janick Gers, each have their own individual influences and playing style. Dave Murray is known for his legato technique which, he claims, "evolved naturally. I'd heard Jimi Hendrix using legato when I was growing up, and I liked that style of playing."[262] Stating that he "was inspired by blues rock rather than metal," Adrian Smith was influenced by Johnny Winter and Pat Travers, leading to him becoming a "melodic player."[263] Janick Gers, on the other hand, prefers a more improvised style, largely inspired by Ritchie Blackmore,[264] which he claims is in contrast to Smith's "rhythmic" sound.[265]

text: Singer Bruce Dickinson, who typically works in collaboration with guitarist Adrian Smith,[266] has an operatic vocal style, inspired by Arthur Brown, Peter Hammill, Ian Anderson and Ian Gillan,[267] and is often considered to be one of the best heavy metal vocalists of all time.[268] Although Nicko McBrain has only received one writing credit, on the Dance of Death album,[269] Harris often relies on him while developing songs. Adrian Smith commented, "Steve loves playing with him. [They] used to work for hours going over these bass and drum patterns."[270]

text: Throughout their career, the band's style has remained largely unchanged, in spite of the addition of guitar synthesisers on 1986's Somewhere in Time,[84] keyboards on 1988's Seventh Son of a Seventh Son,[72] and an attempt to return to the "stripped down" production of their earlier material on 1990's No Prayer for the Dying.[83] In recent years, however, the band have begun using more progressive elements in their songs,[271] which Steve Harris describes as not progressive "in the modern sense, but like Dream Theater, more in a 70s way".[272] According to Harris, Seventh Son of a Seventh Son was the band's first album which was "more progressive",[273] while they would only return to this style from 1995's The X Factor, which he states is "like an extension of Seventh Son..., in the sense of the progressive element to it".[96] The development contrasts with the band's raw sounding earlier material,[212] which AllMusic states was "clearly drawing from elements of punk rock",[274] although Harris firmly denies this.[275]

text: Accolades[edit]

text:
Bandit Rock Awards:

2011: Best International Live Act[276]
2015: Best International Live Act[277]
2016: Best International Album – The Book of Souls[278]

Brit Awards:

2009: Best British Live Act[155]

Classic Rock Roll of Honour Awards:

2006: Album of the Year – A Matter of Life and Death[137]
2006: VIP Award – Rod Smallwood, Iron Maiden[137]
2009: Band of the Year[279]
2015: Album of the Year – The Book of Souls[280]

Echo Music Prize:

2016: Rock Alternative/International[281]

Emma-gaala:

2004: The audience vote for Best Foreign Artist[282]
2006: The audience vote for Best Foreign Artist[282]

Grammy Awards:

2011: Grammy Award for Best Metal Performance – "El Dorado"[283]

Hollywood's RockWalk:

2005: RockWalk of Fame Inductee[202]

Ivor Novello Awards:

2002: International Achievement[201]

Juno Awards:

2010: Juno Award for Music DVD of the Year – Iron Maiden: Flight 666 (Sam Dunn and Scott McFadyen)[284]

Kerrang! Awards:

2005: Kerrang! Hall of Fame[285]
2013: Kerrang! Inspiration[286]
2016: Kerrang! Legend[287]

Metal Hammer Golden Gods Awards:

2004: Best UK Act[288]
2008: Best UK Band[208]
2008: Icon Award – Eddie[208]
2009: Golden Gods Award[289]
2009: Best UK Band[289]
2011: Best UK Band[290]
2012: Best Event – Iron Maiden's UK Tour[291]
2014: Best UK Band[292]
2016: Best Album – The Book of Souls[293]
2017: Best Game - Iron Maiden: Legacy of the Beast[294]

Metal Storm Awards:

2006: Best Heavy Metal Album – A Matter of Life and Death[295]
2009: Best DVD – Iron Maiden: Flight 666'[296]
2010: Best Video – "The Final Frontier"[297]

Silver Clef Award:

2004: Special Achievement Award[298]
2015: O2 Silver Clef Award 2015[299]

Rockbjörnen:

2011: Best Hard Rock Live Act[300]

SXSW Film Festival:

2009: 24 Beats Per Second – Iron Maiden: Flight 666[301]

text: Band members[edit]

text:
Current members

Steve Harris – bass, backing vocals (1975–present), keyboards (1988, 1998–present)
Dave Murray – guitars (1976–1977, 1978–present)
Adrian Smith – guitars, backing vocals (1980–1990, 1999–present), keyboards (1988)
Bruce Dickinson – lead vocals (1981–1993, 1999–present), piano (2015)
Nicko McBrain – drums, percussion (1982–present)
Janick Gers – guitars (1990–present)

Touring musicians

Michael Kenney – keyboards (1988–present)

Former members

Doug Sampson – drums, percussion (1977–1979)
Paul Di'Anno – lead vocals (1978–1981)
Dennis Stratton – guitars, backing vocals (1979–1980)
Clive Burr – drums, percussion (1979–1982)
Blaze Bayley – lead vocals (1994–1999)

text: Discography[edit]

text:
Iron Maiden (1980)
Killers (1981)
The Number of the Beast (1982)
Piece of Mind (1983)
Powerslave (1984)
Somewhere in Time (1986)
Seventh Son of a Seventh Son (1988)
No Prayer for the Dying (1990)
Fear of the Dark (1992)
The X Factor (1995)
Virtual XI (1998)
Brave New World (2000)
Dance of Death (2003)
A Matter of Life and Death (2006)
The Final Frontier (2010)
The Book of Souls (2015)

tag: ul

text: Concert tours[edit]

text:
Duration
Concert tour
Lineups
Dates

Vocals
Bass
Guitars
Drums

Feb 1980
Metal for Muthas Tour
P. Di'Anno
S. Harris
D. Murray
D. Stratton
N/A
C. Burr
11

Apr – Dec 1980
Iron Maiden Tour
101

Feb – Dec 1981
Killer World Tour
A. Smith
118

Feb – Dec 1982
The Beast on the Road
B. Dickinson
184

May – Dec 1983
World Piece Tour
N. McBrain
139

Aug 1984 – Jul 1985
World Slavery Tour
187

Sep 1986 – May 1987
Somewhere on Tour
151

Apr – Dec 1988
Seventh Tour of a Seventh Tour
98

Sep 1990 – Sep 1991
No Prayer on the Road
J. Gers
106

Jun – Nov 1992
Fear of the Dark Tour
65

Mar – Aug 1993
Real Live Tour
45

Sep 1995 – Sep 1996
The X Factour
B. Bayley
128

Apr – Dec 1998
Virtual XI World Tour
81

Jul – Oct 1999
The Ed Hunter Tour
B. Dickinson
A. Smith
28

Jun 2000 – Jan 2001
Brave New World Tour
81

May – Aug 2003
Give Me Ed... 'Til I'm Dead Tour
55

Oct 2003 – Feb 2004
Dance of Death World Tour
52

May – Sep 2005
Eddie Rips Up the World Tour
42

Oct 2006 – Jun 2007
A Matter of Life and Death Tour
57

Feb 2008 – Apr 2009
Somewhere Back in Time World Tour
90

Jun 2010 – Aug 2011
The Final Frontier World Tour
98

Jun 2012 – Jul 2014
Maiden England World Tour
100

Feb 2016 – Jul 2017
The Book of Souls World Tour
117

May – Aug 2018
Legacy of the Beast World Tour
37*

text: * Further dates to be confirmed