document_title: Terminology of the British Isles

question_text: how do you say great britain in french

question_tokens: how do you say great britain in french

text: Terminology of the British Isles

text: Summary[edit]

text: The use of terminology depends on context; words and phrases can generally be grouped into four main areas: geographical, political, linguistic and sporting terms. In brief, the main terms and their simple explanations are as follows:

text:
Geographical terms:

The British Isles is a group of islands in the Atlantic Ocean off the coast of Continental Europe. It includes Ireland, Great Britain, the Isle of Man, Shetland, Orkney, and thousands of smaller islands. Traditionally the Channel Islands are included, though these specific islands are geographically closer to mainland continental Europe, being positioned off the French coast of Normandy. This, in part, has resulted in the term being disputed.[1][2]

Great Britain is the largest island of the archipelago.[3][4][5]
Ireland is the second largest island of the archipelago and lies directly to the west of Great Britain. The island of Ireland itself has its own list of Irish Isles.
The full list of islands of the British Isles includes over 6,000 islands,[6] of which 51 have an area larger than 20 km2 (7.7 sq mi).

Political terms:

The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland is the constitutional monarchy occupying the island of Great Britain, the small nearby islands (but not the Isle of Man or the Channel Islands), and the north-eastern part of the island of Ireland. Usually, it is shortened to United Kingdom or the UK, though Britain is also an officially recognised short form. "Great Britain" is sometimes used as a short form, and is the name used by the UK in some international organisations.[7] The abbreviation GB is frequently used for the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland in international agreements, e.g. Universal Postal Union and Road Traffic Convention, as well as in the ISO 3166 country codes (GB and GBR). "England" was also formerly used synecdochically to refer to the whole United Kingdom, but this usage became rare early in the 20th century.
Ireland is the sovereign republic occupying the larger portion of the island of Ireland. However, to distinguish the state from the island, or to distinguish either of these from Northern Ireland, it is also called "the Republic of Ireland" or simply "the Republic". Occasionally, its Irish-language name, Éire (or Eire without the diacritic), will be used in an English-language context to distinguish it from "Northern Ireland", even though the word Éire directly translates as "Ireland".
England, Scotland, Wales and Northern Ireland are the four countries of the United Kingdom, though they are also referred to, especially in sporting contexts, as the home nations of the United Kingdom.
England and Wales, Scotland, and Northern Ireland are legal jurisdictions within the United Kingdom.[8]
Great Britain means the countries of England, Wales and Scotland considered as a unit.[9][10]
British Islands consists of the United Kingdom, the Channel Islands and the Isle of Man. These are the polities within the British Isles that have the British monarch as head of state.

Linguistic terms:

The two sovereign states in the region, the United Kingdom and Ireland, are frequently referred to as countries. So too are England, Wales, Scotland and, to a lesser extent, Northern Ireland (as is the whole island of Ireland).
British is an adjective pertaining to the United Kingdom; for example, a citizen of the UK is called a British citizen—but for citizenship purposes "British" includes the Channel Islands and the Isle of Man.
Anglo- is often used as an adjectival prefix referring to the United Kingdom (notwithstanding that its original meaning is "English") particularly in the field of diplomatic relations. It can also refer to the English language, to anglophone peoples and can have a variety of other shades of meaning.
Wales is sometimes called the Principality of Wales, although this has no modern constitutional basis.
Northern Ireland is often referred to as a province or called Ulster, after the traditional Irish province of Ulster within which it is located.

Sport

Forms of national representation vary from sport to sport. England, Scotland and Wales often compete separately as nations.[11] In some sports—such as rugby and cricket—the island of Ireland competes as a nation; in others, most notably association football, Northern Ireland and the Republic of Ireland field separate teams. In these contexts England, Scotland, Wales and Ireland/Northern Ireland are sometimes described as the home nations.
Rugby union players from both Ireland and Great Britain play for British and Irish Lions representing the four "Home Unions" of England, Ireland, Scotland and Wales.
Great Britain is sometimes used to mean United Kingdom. For example, at the Olympic Games, the team called "Great Britain" represents Great Britain and Northern Ireland.[12][13] However, athletes from Northern Ireland have, by virtue of their entitlement to dual nationality, the choice of participating in either the Great Britain team or the Republic of Ireland team.[13]
In the majority of individual sports (e.g. tennis and athletics), at international level competitors are identified as GB if they are from Great Britain or Northern Ireland. A small number of sports (e.g. golf, darts, snooker) identify participants as representing their constituent country. In the Commonwealth Games, England, Northern Ireland, Scotland and Wales each compete as separate nations, as do each of the three Crown Dependencies (Ireland is not part of the Commonwealth and is not eligible to participate).

text: Visual guide[edit]

text: Below is a visual reference guide to some of the main concepts and territories described in this article:

text:
The British Isles

The British Islands

The United Kingdom

Great Britain (island)

Ireland (island)

England

Scotland

Wales

Republic of Ireland

Northern Ireland

The Isle of Man

The Channel Islands (Jersey, Guernsey)

text: Terminology in detail[edit]

text:
Britain is a political and geographic term which can refer to the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland,[14] or the island of Great Britain.
Great Britain is the largest island in Europe and the political union of three nations, these being:

text: England and Wales is a political and administrative term referring to the two home countries of England and Wales, which share the same legal system. Between 1746 and 1967 the term "England" did legally include Wales.

text:
England (see also the historical Kingdom of England).
Wales (see also the historical Principality of Wales).

text: Scotland (see also the historical Kingdom of Scotland)

text:
The historical Kingdom of Great Britain is Britain for the period 1707–1801.
Britannia is the Roman province of Britain, or a poetic reference to later Britain, or a personification of Britain.

text: The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, usually shortened to the United Kingdom (abbreviation UK), is the sovereign state comprising Great Britain plus Northern Ireland since 1927. (The Partition of Ireland took place in 1922, but the consequent change in the official title of the UK was only made by Act of Parliament five years later.) The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland is often shortened to Britain, even on official websites.[15][16] A proposal to rename the political entity as the "United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ulster" was formally recommended by civil servants to the Cabinet in 1949 but ultimately rejected.[17]

text: The historical United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland was Great Britain plus Ireland, for the period 1801 to 1922, although the name change after the secession of the Irish Free State only took place in 1927.

text: Ireland (in Irish, Éire) refers, geographically, to the island of Ireland, or to any of the following:

text:
The Kingdom of Ireland was Ireland for the period 1541–1801. (The King of Ireland remained Head of State in the Irish Free State and Ireland/Éire until the Republic of Ireland Act 1948 abolished that status).
The Irish Republic, established by the Irish Declaration of Independence, was a 32-county republic encompassing the entire island, during the period 1919–22—though its de facto rule did not encompass all of the island. During this period, according to British law, Ireland remained part of the UK though its independence was recognised by Russia.
Southern Ireland was a proposed Home Rule 26-county state under the Government of Ireland Act 1920. It never came into practical existence, being superseded by:
The Irish Free State is Ireland excepting Northern Ireland during the period 1922–37.

text:
Ireland (in Irish, Éire) is the political entity consisting of the island of Ireland excepting Northern Ireland, 1937–present. This is the name of the state according to the Irish Constitution and the United Nations.
The Republic of Ireland is a commonly used description of Ireland excepting Northern Ireland, 1949–present. It is also the name used by the international Association Football team.

text:
Northern Ireland 1922–present. That part of the island of Ireland northeast of the line of partition of 1922, and which is still part of the United Kingdom. Various alternative names have been used or proposed for Northern Ireland. It is sometimes referred to as "the North of Ireland", "the Six Counties" or (in extremist usage) the "occupied six counties", especially by Irish Nationalists.
Ulster. The name of one of Ireland's four traditional provinces. The area contains nine northern counties, six of which make up Northern Ireland, and three of which are part of the Republic of Ireland. It is also often used by Unionists to refer to the smaller Northern Ireland. Though Ulster has not been a political entity since the ancient Gaelic provincial kingdoms, it remains associated with a geographical area and is used in sporting and cultural contexts. See Ulster (disambiguation).

text:
In Gaelic games, no distinction is recognised between the GAA counties of the Republic and those of Northern Ireland. County teams play in their provincial championships (where the six counties of Ulster within Northern Ireland and three within the Republic all play in the Ulster championship) and the winners of these play in the All-Ireland championship. Even within Northern Ireland, a tricolour, the flag of the Republic of Ireland, is flown at all games. At bigger games, where an anthem is played, it is always the national anthem of the Republic. In the case of the International Rules series against Australia, an Irish national team is chosen from all 32 counties.
In Association Football, the teams correspond to political entities: Northern Ireland and the Republic of Ireland. In accordance with UEFA and FIFA's rules, each of these countries has its own football league: the Irish League and the League of Ireland respectively.
In rugby union, rugby league, field hockey, cricket, boxing, golf, athletics and others the Ireland team is drawn from the whole island (i.e. both the Republic and Northern Ireland). Many sports organisations are subdivided along provincial lines e.g. Gaelic Athletic Association, golf.

text:
The British Isles is a term used to mean the island of Great Britain plus the island of Ireland and many smaller surrounding islands, including the Isle of Man and, in some contexts, the Channel Islands (Guernsey and Jersey). See British Isles naming dispute for details of the conflict over use of this term.
Great Britain and Ireland, or variants like "Britain and Ireland" or "The UK and Ireland" are sometimes used as alternatives to the term British Isles.
Anglo-Celtic Isles is an alternative term (in limited use) for the geographic region comprising Britain & Ireland, more commonly referred to as the 'British Isles'. 'Anglo-Celtic Islands' is a derivative of this. It is intended as a geographic term free of any political implication and uses the macro-cultural grouping term Anglo-Celtic, referring to the peoples from which the majority of the island group's population are descended—the Anglo-Saxons and the Celts (it can also be inclusive of the Anglo-Normans).
Islands of the North Atlantic is another suggested replacement term for 'British Isles', without the same political connotations. However, its convolution and impracticality due to implying inclusion of fellow North Atlantic islands such as Iceland have made it unworkable and it has not come into common use. The term was used as part of the Strand 3 level of negotiations for the Belfast agreement. (Its acronym, IONA, is also the name of the small but historically important island of Iona off the coast of Scotland.)
British Islands (a legal term not in common usage) is the UK, the Isle of Man, and the Channel Islands.
Brittany, itself a corruption of 'Britain', and sometimes formerly known as 'Little Britain' is a historical Duchy in the West of France, now a French region; for this modern administrative sense, see Brittany (administrative region).

text: Geographical distinctions[edit]

text: The British Isles[edit]

text: The British Isles is a group of islands in the Atlantic Ocean off the coast of Continental Europe. It includes Ireland, Great Britain, the Isle of Man, Shetland, Orkney, and thousands of smaller islands. Traditionally the Channel Islands, are included, however these specific islands are geographically part of mainland continental Europe, as they are positioned off the French coast of Normandy. The term is disputed (see British Isles naming dispute).

text: Great Britain[edit]

text: Great Britain is the largest of the British Isles. On Great Britain are located three constituent countries of the United Kingdom: Scotland in the north, England in the south and east and Wales in the west. There are also numerous smaller islands off its coast (not coloured red on the attached map) that are administered as part of England, Scotland and Wales. The inclusion of these smaller islands means political 'Great Britain' covers a slightly larger area than the island of Great Britain.

text: Ireland[edit]

text: The second largest island in the group is Ireland. Most of the island is in the Republic of Ireland. The north east of the island (Northern Ireland) is part of the United Kingdom. There are also numerous smaller islands off the coast of Ireland.

text: Isle of Man[edit]

text: The Isle of Man lies between Great Britain and Ireland. It is governed as a British Crown dependency, having its own parliament, but with the United Kingdom responsible for its defence and external relations.

text: Channel Islands[edit]

text: Although the Channel Islands are associated with the United Kingdom politically as Crown dependencies, they are geographically an outcrop of the nearby French mainland (specifically, the Armorican massif), and historically they are the last remaining parts of the Duchy of Normandy, the Duke of Normandy being a title belonging to the British monarch.

text: Political terms in more detail[edit]

text: The United Kingdom[edit]

text: The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland is the official full title of the state. This name appears on official documentation such as British passports. For convenience, the name is usually shortened to United Kingdom, UK or Britain.[9]

text: The United Kingdom is a sovereign state. Its four constituent countries are sometimes considered to be of different status. This view may be supported by the existence of devolved governments with different levels of power in Scotland, Northern Ireland and Wales (see Asymmetrical federalism).

text: Wales is also often erroneously[19] described as a principality of the United Kingdom. The title of Prince of Wales is usually given to the heir apparent to the British throne but it has no political or other role in respect of Wales. The International Organization for Standardisation (ISO) has defined Wales as a "country" rather than a "principality" since 2011, following a recommendation by the British Standards Institute and the Welsh Government.[20]

text: Northern Ireland is sometimes described by United Kingdom citizens as a province of the United Kingdom, which derives from the Irish province of Ulster, of which Northern Ireland is a part. Northern Ireland also had, until 1972, a far greater degree of self-government than the other constituent parts of the UK.

text: Great Britain is both a geographical and a political entity. Geographically, it is one island, but as a political entity it also includes the smaller offshore islands that are administered as part of its constituent nations – England, Wales and Scotland – such as England's Isle of Wight, Wales' Anglesey and Scotland's Inner Hebrides, Outer Hebrides, Orkney Islands and Shetland Islands.

text: The abbreviation GB is sometimes officially used for the United Kingdom, for example in the Olympics, or as the vehicle registration plate country identification code for UK-registered cars (see also British car number plates). SCO in Scotland, CYM for Wales (Cymru), NI for Northern Ireland, or ENG for England can also be used.[21]

text: The internet code .gb, although allocated to the UK, is virtually unused and UK web domains use .uk.

text: The four constituent parts of the UK are also known, particularly in sporting contexts, as Home Nations or the "Four Nations". The BBC refers to its UK-wide broadcasting operation as Nations and Regions [22] ("regions" referring to geographic regions of England. Thus the UK naming conventions tend towards describing distinct regions or nations which exist within a single sovereign state.

text: In sport, the UK Nations mostly have their own separate national teams – England, Wales, Scotland, Northern Ireland, for example in football. Sporting contests between the Four Nations are known as "Home internationals" (an example is the British Home Championship in football).

text: The governing body for football in Northern Ireland is called the Irish Football Association (the IFA), having been in existence since some forty years before Partition. Its counterpart in the Republic (plus Derry City FC) is the Football Association of Ireland (the FAI). The Northern Ireland national team retained the name "Ireland" for some fifty years after partition. Since around 1970 the two teams have been consistently referred to as "Northern Ireland" and "Republic of Ireland" respectively. The UK competes as Great Britain at the Olympic Games. According to the Olympic Charter the Olympic Council of Ireland represents the entire island of Ireland.[23] Olympic athletes from Northern Ireland may choose whether to represent the UK or the Republic of Ireland.

text: Since the Good Friday Agreement and the subsequent implementation legislation, sporting organisation (and several other organisations, e.g. tourism, Irish Gaelic and Ulster Scots language boards) on the island of Ireland has increasingly been cross-border.

text: Citizens of the UK are called British, Brits, Britons or Britisher (archaic). The term Unionists may also be used, sometimes pejoratively, for example by supporters of Scottish independence when referring to supporters of the Union. Some older slang names for Britons are Tommy (for British soldiers) and Anglo. Anglo properly refers only to England, but it is sometimes used as a broader reference as an element in compound adjectives: for example, "Anglo-French relations" may be used in newspaper articles when referring to relations between the political entities France and the United Kingdom. Anglo-Saxon may be used (particularly in Continental European languages) when referring to the whole English-speaking world.

text: Ireland[edit]

text: Since the adoption of the Constitution of Ireland in 1937, Ireland has been the English name of the state which covers approximately five-sixths of the island of Ireland. The name Éire is used when writing in Irish.

text: Since the Republic of Ireland Act 1948, the term "Republic of Ireland" is the term used as the additional description of the state. This term is useful in avoiding ambiguity between the name of the island and the name of the state. However, the term "Ireland" is always used in formal diplomatic contexts such as the European Union or the United Nations. The passport of the Republic of Ireland bears the name Éire – Ireland.

text: Before the introduction of the 1937 constitution and the new name, the Irish Free State occupied the same territory as the modern state of Ireland. The Irish Free State became an autonomous dominion of the British Empire in 1922 when it seceded from the United Kingdom through the Anglo-Irish Treaty. The King ceased to be its Head of State in 1936 and the state ceased to be a Dominion and left the Commonwealth in 1948.

text: Traditionally, the island of Ireland is divided into four provinces – Leinster, Connacht, Munster and Ulster, with each of the provinces further divided into counties. The Republic of Ireland takes up 83% of the island, twenty-six of the thirty-two traditional counties of Ireland. Northern Ireland takes up the remaining area, six of the traditional nine counties of Ulster.

text: On the island of Ireland the naming of places often raises political issues. The usage of "Ireland" as the official name of the state causes offence to some Unionists in Northern Ireland, who believe it implies that the state still has a territorial claim to the whole island – the terminology of "Republic of Ireland" or "Éire" is much preferred by Northern Irish unionists when referring to that political state. Similarly, some Nationalists in Northern Ireland also prefer to reserve the usage of "Ireland" to refer to the whole island.

text: In Northern Ireland, Irishness is a highly contested identity, with fundamentally different perceptions of national identity between unionists (who generally perceive themselves as being British) and nationalists (who generally consider both communities to be part of the Irish nation).[24]

text: The Republic of Ireland is often referred to by the Nationalist and Republican communities by the term "the Twenty-six Counties", with the connotation that the state constituted as such forms only a portion of the ideal political unit of the Irish Republic, which would consist of all of the thirty-two counties into which the island is divided. The term "the Six Counties" (of Northern Ireland) is also used. Other Nationalist terms in use include "the North of Ireland" and "the North". These latter are terms also used by the Irish national broadcaster RTÉ.[citation needed] More extreme terms for Northern Ireland include "the occupied six counties" or "occupied Ireland", which are often used by people who reject the idea of Northern Ireland as a separate entity from the Republic of Ireland.

text: The Irish passport is available to Irish citizens and can also be applied for abroad through Irish Consular services and the local Irish Embassy. As per the Irish nationality law, any person born on the island of Ireland before 2005, or otherwise a first generation descendant of such a person, is allowed to apply for an Irish passport. As such, people born in Northern Ireland and their children may be Irish citizens and hold an Irish passport if they choose.

text: British Islands[edit]

text: Under the Interpretation Act 1978 of the United Kingdom, the legal term British Islands (as opposed to the geographical term British Isles) refers to the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, together with the Crown dependencies: the Bailiwicks of Jersey and of Guernsey (which in turn includes the smaller islands of Alderney, Herm and Sark) in the Channel Islands; and the Isle of Man.

text: Special British passports are issued to citizens of the Crown dependencies. On the front of passports issued to residents of the Crown dependencies, the words "United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland" are replaced with "British Islands" followed by the name of the issuing state or island. This design applies to Jersey passport, Guernsey passport and Isle of Man passport. Like UK passports, Crown dependency also bear the title "European Union" for customs purposes. However, Crown dependency citizens who have no family ties to the United Kingdom are granted a special limited "Islander Status" under EU law (article 6 of Protocol 3 in the Treaty of Accession of the UK to the European Community).[25][26]

text: Historical aspects[edit]

text: Some suggest an early known for the term might be from ancient Greek writings. Though some of the original texts have been lost, excerpts were quoted or paraphrased by later authors. Parts of the Massaliote Periplus, a merchants' handbook describing searoutes of the sixth century BC, were used in translation in the writings of Avienus around AD 400. Ireland was referred to as Ierne (Insula sacra, the sacred island, as the Greeks interpreted it) "inhabited by the race of Hiberni" (gens hiernorum), and Britain as insula Albionum, "island of the Albions".[27] Several sources from around 150 BC to AD 70 include fragments of the travel writings of the ancient Greek Pytheas around 320 BC, use the terms Albion and Ierne[28][29] and have been described as referring to the British Isles, including Ireland, as the Prettanic or Brettanic Islands (Βρεττανικαὶ νῆσοι) or as αἱ Βρεττανιαι, literally "the Britains".[27][29][30] Greek writers called the peoples of these islands the Πρεττανοί, later Bρεττανοί (alternative spellings of this and of all relative words have a single tau or a double nu), a name that possibly corresponds to the Priteni.[27] These names may have derived from a "Celtic language" term which may have reached Pytheas from the Gauls[30] who may have used it as their term for the inhabitants of the islands.

text: The Romans called the inhabitants of Gaul (modern France) Galli or Celtae, the latter term deriving from the Greek name Κελτοί for a central European people. Antiquarians of the seventeenth century who found language connections developed the idea of a race of Celts inhabiting the islands, but this term was not used by the Greeks or Romans for the inhabitants of Britain or Ireland,[31] nor is there any record of the inhabitants of the British Isles referring to themselves as such. Nevertheless, Roman administration later incorporated the province of Britannia into the praetorian prefecture of Gaul, in common with Hispania, which had Celtiberians. Armorica, where the Bretons would settle[when?], was part of Gallia Celtica, so there were tertiary relations between the Britons and Gallic Celts at least. In addition, the Parisii of Gallia Celtica are thought to have founded Aldborough in Britain. Belgae and Silures also came from Gallic areas, although not strictly "Celtic", but from Gallia Belgica and Aquitainia.

text: Priteni is the source of the Welsh language term Prydain, Britain,[30] and has the same source as the Goidelic term Cruithne. The latter referred to the early Brythonic speaking inhabitants of the Scottish highlands and the north of Scotland,[30] who are known as the Cruithne in Scottish Gaelic, and who the Romans called Picts or Caledonians.

text: Romans[edit]

text: Caesar's invasions of Britain brought descriptions of the peoples of what he called Britannia pars interior, "inland Britain", in 55 BC. Throughout Book 4 of his Geography, Strabo is consistent in spelling the island Britain (transliterated) as Prettanikē; he uses the terms Prettans or Brettans loosely to refer to the islands as a group – a common generalisation used by classical geographers. For example, in Geography 2.1.18, …οι νοτιώτατοι των Βρεττανών βορειότεροι τούτων εισίν ("…the most southern of the Brettans are further north than this").[32] He was writing around AD 10, although the earliest surviving copy of his work dates from the 6th century. Pliny the Elder writing around AD 70 uses a Latin version of the same terminology in section 4.102 of his Naturalis Historia. He writes of Great Britain: Albion ipsi nomen fuit, cum Britanniae vocarentur omnes de quibus mox paulo dicemus. ("Albion was its own name, when all [the islands] were called the Britannias; I will speak of them in a moment"). In the following section, 4.103, Pliny enumerates the islands he considers to make up the Britannias, listing Great Britain, Ireland, and many smaller islands. In his Geography written in the mid 2nd century and probably describing the position around AD 100,[30] Ptolemy includes both Great Britain (Albion) and Ireland (Iwernia) in the so called Bretanic island group. He entitles Book II, Chapter 1 of as Iwernia, Bretanic Island, and Chapter 2 as Alwion [sic], Bretanic Island.[33]

text: The name Albion for Great Britain fell from favour, and the island was described in Greek as Πρεττανία or Βρεττανία, in Latin Britannia, an inhabitant as Βρεττανός, Britannus, with the adjective Βρεττανικός, Britannicus, equating to "British".[27] With the Roman conquest of Britain the name Britannia was used for the province of Roman Britain. The Emperor Claudius was honoured with the agnomen Britannicus as if he were the conqueror, and coins were struck from AD 46 inscribed DE BRITAN, DE BRITANN, DE BRITANNI, or DE BRITANNIS. With the visit of Hadrian in AD 121 coins introduced a female figure with the label BRITANNIA as a personification or goddess of the place. These and later Roman coins introduced the seated figure of Britannia which would be reintroduced in the 17th century.[34]

text: In the later years of Roman rule Britons who left Latin inscriptions, both at home and elsewhere in the Empire, often described themselves as Brittanus or Britto, and where describing their citizenship gave it as cives of a British tribe or of a patria (homeland) of Britannia, not Roma.[27] From the 4th century, many Britons migrated from Roman Britain across the English Channel and founded Brittany.

text: Mediaeval period[edit]

text: While Latin remained the language of learning, from the early mediaeval period records begin to appear in native languages. The earliest indigenous source to use a collective term for the archipelago is the Life of Saint Columba, a hagiography recording the missionary activities of the sixth century Irish monk Saint Columba among the peoples of what is now Scotland. It was written in the late seventh century by Adomnán of Iona, an Irish monk living on the Inner Hebridean island. The collective term for the archipelago used within this work is Oceani Insulae meaning "Islands of the Ocean" (Book 2, 46 in the Sharpe edition = Book 2, 47 in Reeves edition), it is used sparingly and no Priteni-derived collective reference is made.

text: Another early native source to use a collective term is the Historia ecclesiastica gentis Anglorum of Bede written in the early eighth century. The collective term for the archipelago used within this work is insularum meaning "islands" (Book 1, 8) and it too is used sparingly. He stated that Britain "studies and confesses one and the same knowledge of the highest truth in the tongues of five nations, namely the Angles, the Britons, the Scots, the Picts, and the Latins", distinguishing between the Brythonic languages of the "ancient Britons" or Old Welsh speakers and other language groups.[35]

text: Brythonic, Saxon and Viking kingdoms such as Strathclyde, Wessex, and Jórvík amalgamated, leading to the formation of Scotland, and England. Wales was sometimes united under princes or kings such as Gruffydd ap Llywelyn. Between 854 and 1171, a kingship of Ireland was established by kings of the regional kingdoms such as Máel Sechnaill mac Máele Ruanaid, Toirdelbach Ua Briain, Muirchertach Mac Lochlainn, and Ruaidrí Ua Conchobair, something not achieved in Britain until 1707. In subsequent Norman Ireland, local lords gained considerable autonomy from the Lordship of Ireland until it became the Kingdom of Ireland under direct English rule.

text: Renaissance mapmakers[edit]

text: Abraham Ortelius makes clear his understanding that England, Scotland and Ireland were politically separate in 1570 by the full title of his map: Angliae, Scotiae et Hiberniae, sive Britannicar. insularum descriptio ('A representation of England, Scotland and Ireland, or the Britannic islands'). George Lily's 1546 map divides Britain into the two kingdoms of England and Scotland, with Ireland alongside. Some maps from this period also appear to mark Wales, and sometimes Cornwall, as separate areas within Britain, while the history of England created by Polydore Vergil[36] for Henry VIII states, "The whole country of Britain is divided into four parts, whereof the one is inhabited by Englishmen, the other of Scots, the third Welshmen and the fourth of Cornish people."[37][38]

text: Maps of the Mediaeval, Renaissance and later periods often referred to Albion. This archaic term was originally used by Ptolemy and Pliny to mean the island of Great Britain. In later centuries its meaning changed to refer only to the area we now call Scotland (Albany, or Alba in Gaelic). Albion has survived as a poetic name for Britain but it is not in everyday use.

text: 18th and 19th centuries[edit]

text: Following the Acts of Union 1707, a fashion arose, particularly in Scotland, for referring to Scotland and England as North Britain and South Britain respectively. These terms gained in popularity during the 19th century. The most lasting example of this usage was in the name of the North British Railway, which became part of the London and North Eastern Railway in 1923, and in the name of the North British Hotel, built by the railway in Edinburgh in 1902, which retained the name until it reopened in 1991 as the Balmoral Hotel.

text: Evolution of kingdoms and states[edit]

text: The diagram on the right gives an indication of the further evolution of kingdoms and states. In 1603 the Scottish King James VI inherited the English throne as "James I of England". He styled himself as James I of Great Britain, although both states retained their sovereignty and independent parliaments, the Parliament of Scotland and the Parliament of England. (The term "Great Britain" itself reportedly dates from as early as 1474, and was in common usage from the mid-16th century onwards.[39])

text: The 1707 Act of Union united England and Scotland in the Kingdom of Great Britain under the Parliament of Great Britain, then in 1800 Ireland was brought under British government control by the Act of Union creating the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland. Irish unrest culminated in the Irish War of Independence and the 1922 separation of the Irish Free State, which later became a republic with the name Ireland. The majority Protestant northeast continued to be part of what became the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland.

text: British overseas territories such as Bermuda, Gibraltar and the Falkland Islands have various relationships with the UK. The Commonwealth of Nations, initially formalised in 1931 (the British Commonwealth until 1949), is an association of independent states roughly corresponding to the former British Empire. (This has no connection with the Commonwealth of England, a short-lived republic replacing the previous kingdoms during the English Interregnum (1649–1660).)

text: Adjectives[edit]

text: The adjectives used to describe the contents and attributes of the various constituent parts of the British Isles also cause confusion.

text: In the absence of a single adjective to refer to the United Kingdom, British is generally used to refer to the United Kingdom as a whole. However, in a specifically physical geographical sense, British is used to refer to the island of Great Britain.[40] The adjectival phrase Great British is very rarely used to refer to Great Britain, other than to contrive a pun on the word great, as in "Great British Food".

text: Irish, refers to people or a characteristic "of Ireland".[41] As such, its meaning is contextual on the meaning of "Ireland" being used: it can relate both to the Irish state, and to the island of Ireland. Northern Ireland, as a constituent part of the United Kingdom, can thus be both British or Irish, reflected in the ability for residents of Northern Ireland to take either British or Irish citizenship.[42] In order to be more specific, Northern Irish is therefore in common usage. Members of the Nationalist communities would not describe themselves as British and would only use the terms Irish, or specifically Northern Irish where needed.

text: The term Ulster can also be used as an adjective (e.g. "Royal Ulster Constabulary"), but this is more likely to be used by Unionists and has political connotations in the same fashion as its use as a proper noun (because only six of the traditional nine counties of Ulster, namely Antrim, Armagh, Down, Fermanagh, Londonderry and Tyrone, are included in Northern Ireland with the remaining three counties Cavan, Donegal and Monaghan forming part of the Republic). The term Ulsterman (or Ulsterwoman) is common and holds no such political connotation. Likewise, Nationalists might describe, say, a lake in Northern Ireland as Irish.

text: Note that the geographical term Irish Sea thus far appears to have escaped political connotations, even though territorial control of the waters of the Irish Sea is divided between both the Republic of Ireland and the UK, and also includes a British Crown dependency, the Isle of Man—as yet there appears to be no controversy with the term’s usage to mirror that of "British Isles". The "Northern" in "Northern Ireland" is not completely accurate. The most northerly point on the island, Malin Head, is in the Republic of Ireland—in County Donegal's Inishowen Peninsula.

text: Problems with use of terms[edit]

text: British Isles[edit]

text: The dictionary definition of British Isles is that it is a geographical term that refers to the whole of Ireland and Great Britain as well as the surrounding islands. It is sometimes incorrectly used as if identical to the UK;[citation needed] or to refer to Great Britain and the surrounding islands, excluding the island of Ireland entirely.[43][44][45] The BBC and The Times have style guides that mandate the dictionary definition but occasional misuse can be found on their web sites.[46][47]

text: The term British Isles can also be considered irritating or offensive by some[48] on the grounds that the modern association of the term British with the United Kingdom makes its application to Ireland inappropriate.

text: The term British Isles can also be considered to imply a proprietary title on the entire archipelago.[49]

text: The policy of the government of Ireland is that no branch of government should use the term,[50] and although it is on occasion used in a geographical sense in Irish parliamentary debates, this is often done in a way that excludes the Republic of Ireland. In October 2006, The Times quoted a spokesman for the Irish Embassy in London as saying that they would discourage its use.[51]

text: During a stop-over visit to the Republic of Ireland in 1989, the leader of the Soviet Union, Mikhail Gorbachev, indicated that he assumed Ireland's head of state was Queen Elizabeth II, given that she was the British Queen and his officials said that Ireland was a part of the British Isles.[52]

text: In Northern Ireland, some nationalists reject the term and instead use these islands, these isles or "Britain and Ireland" as an alternative.[53]

text: There have been several suggestions for replacements for the term British Isles. Although there is no single accepted replacement, the terms Great Britain and Ireland, The British Isles and Ireland and Britain and Ireland are all used.

text: England[edit]

text: The word "England" is often used synecdochically to refer to Great Britain—or the United Kingdom as a whole[54][55]—which often causes offence, particularly to those from the non-English parts of Britain. In a similar way, references to England as an island,[56] to an "English passport",[57] or to Scottish or Welsh places as being in England[57][58] are examples of this usage of the term "England".

text: Because of the offence likely to be taken by Scots, Welsh and Irish at this usage, most politicians and official figures have avoided this usage since the early 20th century. However, there are frequent examples of this usage from earlier times.[59][60][61] For a long time it was common for fans of the England football team to wave the British Union Flag—with the use of the specifically English St George's Cross flag only gaining popularity at the Euro 96 tournament.[57]

text: The colloquial usage of "England" as a synonym for "Britain" is still widespread outside the UK. In Germany, the term "England" is often used to mean Great Britain or even the entire United Kingdom. In many other languages, such as Chinese, Japanese or Korean, the word for "English" is synonymous with "British"—see the article on Alternative words for British for more detail.

text: Europe[edit]

text: The term "Europe" may be used in one of several different contexts by British and Irish people: either to refer to the whole of the European continent, to refer to only to Mainland Europe, sometimes called "continental Europe" or simply "the Continent" by some people in the archipelago. Europe may also be used in reference to the European Union (or, historically, to the European Economic Community). A comedic treatment of the different uses of this word appears in an episode of the BBC sitcom To the Manor Born. When tradesmen are taking measurements in metric, and Audrey fforbes-Hamilton objects on the grounds that the house was built "in feet and inches", a tradesman says "We're in Europe now", referring to the European Economic Community. Audrey fforbes-Hamilton retorts "Well you may be, but I'm staying here!" - implying that to her, the word "Europe" referred only to mainland Europe, excluding Britain and Ireland.

text: Great Britain[edit]

text: The word "Great" means "larger", in comparison with Brittany in modern-day France. One historical term for the peninsula in France that largely corresponds to the modern French province is Lesser or Little Britain. That region was settled by many British immigrants during the period of Anglo-Saxon migration into Britain, and named "Little Britain" by them. The French term "Bretagne" now refers to the French "Little Britain", not to the British "Great Britain", which in French is called Grande-Bretagne. In classical times, the Graeco-Roman geographer Ptolemy in his Almagest also called the larger island megale Brettania (great Britain). At that time, it was in contrast to the smaller island of Ireland, which he called mikra Brettania (little Britain).[62] In his later work Geography, Ptolemy refers to Great Britain as Albion and to Ireland as Iwernia. These "new" names were likely to have been the native names for the islands at the time. The earlier names, in contrast, were likely to have been coined before direct contact with local peoples was made.[63]

text: Ireland[edit]

text: The word Ireland has two meanings.

text:
It is the official name of the state that occupies five sixths of the island, formally named the Republic of Ireland.
It is a geographical term for the whole island, which may be referred to as "the island of Ireland" to avoid ambiguity.

tag: ol

text: Ulster[edit]

text: The terminology and usage of the name Ulster in Irish and British culture varies. Many within the unionist community[64] and much of the UK press refer to Northern Ireland as Ulster – whereas the nationalist community refer to the traditional Irish province of Ulster, which is a nine-county entity that incorporates the three counties of Donegal, Cavan and Monaghan (which are in the Republic) along with the counties of Armagh, Antrim, Down, Fermanagh, Londonderry and Tyrone in Northern Ireland.

text: Thus, the word Ulster has two usages:

text:
It is the name of one of the four Provinces of Ireland, consisting of the nine northern counties of the island, that was partitioned between the United Kingdom (six counties) and the Republic of Ireland (three counties).
It is an alternative name for Northern Ireland, used by many in the Unionist community. It consists of the six north-eastern counties of the island that remain part of the United Kingdom.

text: Further information[edit]

text: Isle of Man and Channel Islands[edit]

text: The Isle of Man and the two bailiwicks of the Channel Islands are Crown dependencies; that is, non-sovereign nations, self-governing but whose sovereignty is held by the British Crown. They control their own internal affairs, but not their defence or foreign relations. They are not part of the United Kingdom or part of the European Union.

text:
The Isle of Man is part of the British Isles, situated in the Irish Sea between Great Britain and Ireland.
The Channel Islands consist politically of two self-governing bailiwicks: the Bailiwick of Guernsey and the Bailiwick of Jersey. They are the remnants of the Duchy of Normandy, which was once in personal union with the Kingdom of England. They are sometimes, despite their location next to mainland France, considered part of the British Isles. This usage is political rather than geographic.
The Isle of Man and the Channel Islands are British Islands in United Kingdom law.

text: Celtic names[edit]

text: There are five living Celtic languages in the region. Each has names for the islands and countries of the British Isles. They are divided into two branches:

text:
Brythonic – which includes Welsh and Cornish
Goidelic – which includes Irish, Scottish Gaelic and Manx

text: Some of the above are:

text:
English
Cornwall
Wales
Ireland
Northern
Ireland
Republic of
Ireland
Scotland
Mann
England

Cornish
(Kernewek)
Kernow
Kembra
Iwerdhon
Iwerdhon Gledh
Repoblek
Iwerdhon
Alban
Manow
Pow an Sawson

Welsh
(Cymraeg)
Cernyw
Cymru
Iwerddon
Gogledd Iwerddon
Gweriniaeth
Iwerddon
Yr Alban
Manaw
Lloegr

Irish
(Gaeilge)
an Chorn
an Bhreatain Bheag
Éire
Tuaisceart Éireann
Poblacht na
hÉireann
Albain
Manainn
Sasana

Scottish Gaelic
(Gàidhlig)
a' Chòrn
a' Chuimrigh
Èirinn
Èirinn a Tuath
Poblachd na
h-Èireann
Alba
Manainn
Sasann

Manx
(Gaelg)
y Chorn
Bretyn
Nerin
Nerin Hwoaie
Pobblaght
Nerin
Nalbin
Mannin
Sostyn

text: The English word Welsh is from a common Germanic root meaning "Romanised foreigner" (cognate with Wallonia and Wallachia, and also cognate with the word used in Mediaeval German to refer to the French and Italians).[65]

text: The English names Albion and Albany are related to Alba and used poetically for either England or Scotland, or the whole island of Great Britain.

text: English Erin is a poetic name for Ireland derived from Éire (or rather, from its dative form Éirinn).

text: Terms for the British Isles in the Irish language[edit]

text: In Irish, the term Oileáin Bhriotanacha is a translation of the English term British Isles. Another translation is Oileáin Bhreataineacha, which was used in the 1937 translation from English to Irish of a 1931 geography book.[66]

text: Earlier dictionaries[67] give Oileáin Iarthair Eorpa as the translation, literally meaning West European Isles. Today the most common term Éire agus an Bhreatain Mhór is used, meaning literally as Ireland and Great Britain, as provided by terminological dictionaries.[68]

text: Slang[edit]

text: Blighty is a slang word for Britain derived from the Hindustani word bilāyatī ("foreign"). Depending on the user, it is meant either affectionately or archly. It was often used by British soldiers abroad in the First World War to refer to home.


document_title: Manchester United F.C. in European football

question_text: when was the last time man u was in the champions league

root

text: History[edit]

text: Early years[edit]

text: Following their league title win the previous season, Manchester United first competed in European football competition in 1956–57. 1954–55 Football League winners Chelsea had been denied the opportunity to take part in the inaugural European Cup by The Football League's chairman Alan Hardaker, who feared that European football would damage the integrity of the English game. However, Matt Busby, the manager of Manchester United, was a forward-thinking man and was determined to have his team compete on the European stage. With the backing of The Football Association's chairman, Stanley Rous (who would later go on to become the president of FIFA), Manchester United were allowed to compete in the 1956–57 European Cup.

tag: p

text: The club's first match in European competition was a European Cup preliminary round tie against Anderlecht at Parc Astrid in Brussels; Manchester United won the match 2–0 in front of 35,000 spectators. The return leg was played at Maine Road, the home of Manchester United's local rivals Manchester City, as United's stadium, Old Trafford, had not yet been fitted with the necessary floodlighting for evening games. The match finished as a 10–0 win for Manchester United, a result that still stands as the club's record win in all competitions. A long run in the European Cup followed, including wins over Borussia Dortmund and Athletic Bilbao and culminating with a semi-final tie against Real Madrid. The first leg took United to the Santiago Bernabéu Stadium, where they were defeated 3–1 in front of a record away crowd of 135,000 spectators. However, they were only able to draw 2–2 in the second leg back at Old Trafford, and the club's first European season came to an end as Real Madrid went on to record the second of their five consecutive European Cup titles.

text: Munich[edit]

text: United won the league title again that season, and were therefore eligible to compete in the European Cup for the second consecutive year. After dispatching Shamrock Rovers 9–2 on aggregate in the preliminary round, United were paired with Dukla Prague for the first round. After the second leg in Prague, the team was scheduled to fly back to Manchester the following day, but fog over Manchester prevented this and they were forced to make hasty arrangements to travel back via ferry from the Hook of Holland to Harwich and then by train up to Manchester. This long-winded journey took its toll on the players, who were only able to manage a 1–1 away draw against Birmingham City two days later.

text: Eager to avoid such a scenario again, the club's management chartered a plane for the quarter-final second leg away to Red Star Belgrade. Following a 2–1 win in the first leg at Old Trafford, a 3–3 draw in Belgrade was enough to secure passage to the semi-finals. On the return flight to Manchester, British European Airways Flight 609 stopped over in a snow-covered Munich for refuelling. Once the refuelling was complete, the pilot was given clearance to take off, only to be halted by a fault with the plane's engine. A second attempt was made a few seconds later, but the same fault kept the plane grounded. Half an hour later, after inspection by the airport's engineers, the plane was given clearance for another take-off attempt. The suggested solution was to have the plane accelerate more slowly, but this meant that the take-off velocity would not be reached until the plane was even further down the runway. Once the plane reached 117 knots – the speed at which it was no longer safe to abort the take-off – the pilot would have expected the plane's velocity to continue to increase; however, there was a sudden drop in velocity and the plane was unable to take off before the end of the runway. It skidded off the end of the runway, through a wire fence and across a road before crashing into a house.

text: The impact of the crash and the subsequent explosion of fuel killed 21 of the 44 people on board instantly, and another two died in hospital a few days later. Eight of those who died were Manchester United players, among them Duncan Edwards, Roger Byrne and Tommy Taylor, while club secretary Walter Crickmer, trainer Tom Curry and coach Bert Whalley were also killed. Matt Busby was also severely injured, but he made a full recovery after two months in hospital. With eight of the club's first team having been killed in the accident, and several more still recuperating, a threadbare side took to the field for the semi-final matches against Milan. A 2–1 win at Old Trafford in the first leg gave the team hope of a place in the final, but a 4–0 defeat back at the San Siro put paid to those dreams. In honour of those who died, UEFA offered United a berth in the 1958–59 European Cup, drawing them against BSC Young Boys in the preliminary round, but the Football League denied United entry to the competition as they had not won the Football League the previous season after their league campaign crumbled in the aftermath of the disaster.

text: Return to Europe[edit]

text: Victory in the 1962–63 FA Cup meant that United returned to European competition after a five-year absence for the 1963–64 Cup Winners' Cup. After sweeping aside Willem II of the Netherlands and the defending champions, England's Tottenham Hotspur, United were drawn against Sporting CP in the quarter-finals. A 4–1 home win in the first leg meant that United needed to avoid defeat by more than three goals at Estádio José Alvalade to progress to the semi-finals; however, the team succumbed to their heaviest defeat in European competition to date, losing 5–0 on the night and 6–4 on aggregate.

text: A second-place finish in the league in 1963–64 meant that United qualified for the Inter-Cities Fairs Cup in 1964–65. They reached the semi-finals, knocking out Djurgården, Borussia Dortmund, Everton and Strasbourg before losing 2–1 to Ferencváros in a play-off after a 3–3 aggregate draw over two legs.

text: Back in the European Cup[edit]

text: The following season saw United return to the European Cup for the first time since Munich after they had beaten Leeds United to top spot in the Football League on goal average. After seeing off Finland's HJK Helsinki and Vorwärts Berlin of East Germany in the first two rounds, Manchester United were drawn against four-time finalists, two-time winners and the previous season's runners-up, Benfica. Benfica's most famous player, the Portuguese international Eusébio, had just been named the European Footballer of the Year and his team went into the tie as favourites. Despite this tag, United ran out 3–2 winners in the first leg at Old Trafford, before beating the Lisbon side 5–1 back at the Estádio da Luz, in what is considered to be the greatest match of George Best's career.[1][2][3] The result set up a semi-final tie with Partizan, a tie that would take United back to for the first time since the tragedy in Munich. Best had injured his knee in an FA Cup Sixth Round match against Preston North End a couple of weeks before, and although he played in the first leg against Partizan, he was not fully fit and United struggled, losing 2–0 at the JNA Stadium. A goal from Nobby Stiles secured a 1–0 win in the second leg back at Old Trafford, but it was not enough and Matt Busby, believing that his dream of winning the European Cup was over, considered retirement; however, he resolved to win another league title and have one last shot at Europe's biggest prize.

text: First European title[edit]

text: Manchester United won the 1966–67 Football League title by four points over Nottingham Forest with a game to spare; this secured their second European Cup appearance in three seasons for 1967–68. After overcoming the Maltese champions, Hibernians, in the first round, United were handed yet another trip to Yugoslavia, this time to take on FK Sarajevo. The Red Devils faced a long journey to Sarajevo for the first leg, and they were held to a 0–0 draw in a very physical match. The second leg was equally robust, but United took control of the tie with goals from John Aston and George Best. Sarajevo were only able to pull back one goal and United went through to the quarter-finals, where they were drawn against Polish side Górnik Zabrze. United won the first leg at Old Trafford 2–0; an own goal from Stefan Florenski put them 1–0 up after an hour, and Brian Kidd doubled their lead in the final minute. The Poles had come to be considered one of the better sides in the last eight, and they were able to come away with a 1–0 win in the second leg, but it was not enough to prevent United from progressing to a semi-final tie with Real Madrid. United's 1–0 win in the first leg at Old Trafford was all that separated the sides after a 3–3 draw at the Bernabéu, setting up a meeting with Benfica in the final at Wembley Stadium. Best was again on the scoresheet, along with two goals from Charlton and one from Kidd on his 19th birthday, as United beat the Portuguese champions 4–1 after extra time to claim their first European trophy.

text: United reached the semi-finals of the European Cup as holders in the 1968–69 season, but lost to Milan. They would not compete in Europe for another seven years.

text: European comeback[edit]

text: Following the retirement of Sir Matt Busby as manager at the end of the 1968–69 season, United entered a barren period that culminated in relegation to the Second Division in 1974. Promotion was achieved at the first attempt under the management of Tommy Docherty, who had taken over in December 1972, and in that first season back in the top flight, United finished third in the league to qualify for the UEFA Cup.

text: Although United did qualify for the European Cup Winners' Cup as FA Cup winners in 1977 and for the UEFA Cup in 1980 and 1982 with top-five finishes, they failed to make an impact on European competitions until the 1983–84 season, when they qualified for the European Cup Winners' Cup as FA Cup winners under Ron Atkinson. The United squad of this era was arguably the finest of the post-Busby era, containing star players including Ray Wilkins, Bryan Robson, Frank Stapleton and teenage forward Norman Whiteside. United achieved a famous victory over Barcelona in the quarter-finals of the 1983–84 European Cup Winners' Cup, winning the second leg 3–0 at Old Trafford after being beaten 2–0 in Spain in the first leg, made all the more impressive by the fact that Barcelona's team contained Diego Maradona, rated by many as the best footballer in the world at the time.

text: United reached the quarter-finals of the UEFA Cup in 1984–85, but this would be their last contribution to European football for half a decade; the subsequent Heysel Stadium disaster at the European Cup final, in which rioting by Liverpool fans resulted in the death of 39 spectators and led to a ban on all English clubs in European competitions which would not be lifted in 1990. This resulted in United missing out on qualification for the European Cup Winners' Cup in 1985, and the UEFA Cup in 1986 and 1988. During this exile from Europe, United replaced Ron Atkinson with Alex Ferguson as their manager, and he remained in charge more than a quarter of a century later.

text: Since 1990[edit]

text: When the ban on English clubs in European competitions was lifted for the 1990–91 season, United were England's representatives in the European Cup Winners' Cup, as FA Cup winners, and they marked their return to Europe by winning the competition, with a 2–1 win over Barcelona (by now without Maradona) in the final, in which Mark Hughes scored twice.[4] Their defence of the trophy in the 1991–92 season was short-lived, ending at the hands of Atlético Madrid in the second round, and they lost at the first hurdle in the 1992–93 UEFA Cup. League title glory in 1993 saw United enter the European Cup (now branded the Champions League) for the first time in 25 years, but in spite of their excellent domestic form during this era, they failed to make much of an impact in European competitions until the 1996–97 season, when they reached the semi-finals of the Champions League and were beaten by Borussia Dortmund. This campaign in Europe also saw them suffer their first defeat home in a European competition, 40 years after first competing on the continent, losing 1–0 to Turkish side Fenerbahçe in the group stage.[5]

text: They finally ended a 31-year wait for a second European Cup in 1999 when stoppage-time goals from Teddy Sheringham and Ole Gunnar Solskjær gave them a 2–1 win over Bayern Munich in the final in Barcelona.[6] In 2003–04, United were beaten by Porto in the last 16 of the Champions League, ending a seven-year run of quarter-final appearances in the competitions,[7] which also included one run to the final and a further two to the semi-finals.

text: After three short-lived Champions League campaigns, United made an impact on the competition in the 2006–07 season. After going down 2–1 in Italy to Roma in the quarter-final first leg,[8] they triumphed 7–1 in the second leg to reach the semi-finals for the first time in five years.[9] They took a 3–2 lead against Milan in the first leg,[10] only for their hopes of an all-English final with Liverpool to be ended by a 3–0 second leg defeat.[11] A year later, however, they won the trophy for the third time, beating fellow English side Chelsea on penalties in Moscow after a 1–1 draw in the first all-English European Cup final.[12]

text: United reached two European Cup finals in the next three years, but lost to Barcelona on both occasions; first in the 2009 final in Rome,[13] and then in the 2011 final at the new Wembley Stadium in London.[14] After finishing seventh in the Premier League in 2013–14 under David Moyes, United missed out on European football in 2014–15 for the first time in 25 years,[15] but returned to European action the following season after Moyes' replacement Louis van Gaal guided the club to fourth in the league and a place in the Champions League play-off round.[16] It was the first time that Manchester United had played in the qualifying phase of the Champions League since beating Hungarian side Debrecen in the 2005–06 competition.[17]

text: Matches[edit]

text: As of 31 October 2017

text:
Season
Competition
Round
Opposition
Score[nb 1]

1956–57
European Cup
Preliminary round
 Anderlecht
2–0 (A), 10–0 (H)

First round
 Borussia Dortmund
3–2 (H), 0–0 (A)

Quarter-final
 Athletic Bilbao
3–5 (A), 3–0 (H)

Semi-final
 Real Madrid
1–3 (A), 2–2 (H)

1957–58
European Cup
Preliminary round
 Shamrock Rovers
6–0 (A), 3–2 (H)

First round
 Dukla Prague
3–0 (H), 0–1 (A)

Quarter-final
 Red Star Belgrade
2–1 (H), 3–3 (A)

Semi-final
 Milan
2–1 (H), 0–4 (A)

1958–59
European Cup
Preliminary round
 Young Boys
Withdrew

1963–64
Cup Winners' Cup
Preliminary round
 Willem II
1–1 (A), 6–0 (H)

First round
 Tottenham Hotspur
0–2 (A), 4–1 (H)

Quarter-final
 Sporting CP
4–1 (H), 0–5 (A)

1964–65
Inter-Cities Fairs Cup
First round
 Djurgården
1–1 (A), 6–0 (H)

Second round
 Borussia Dortmund
6–1 (A), 4–0 (H)

Third round
 Everton
1–1 (A), 6–0 (H)

Quarter-final
 Strasbourg
5–0 (A), 0–0 (H)

Semi-final
 Ferencváros
3–2 (H), 0–1 (A), 1–2 (A)

1965–66
European Cup
Preliminary round
 HJK Helsinki
3–2 (A), 6–0 (H)

First round
 Vorwärts Berlin
2–0 (A), 3–1 (H)

Quarter-final
 Benfica
3–2 (H), 5–1 (A)

Semi-final
 Partizan Belgrade
0–2 (A), 1–0 (H)

1967–68
European Cup
First round
 Hibernians
4–0 (H), 0–0 (A)

Second round
 FK Sarajevo
0–0 (A), 2–1 (H)

Quarter-final
 Górnik Zabrze
2–0 (H), 0–1 (A)

Semi-final
 Real Madrid
1–0 (H), 3–3 (A)

Final
 Benfica
4–1 (N)

1968
Intercontinental Cup
Final
 Estudiantes
0–1 (A), 1–1 (H)

1968–69
European Cup
First round
 Waterford
3–1 (A), 7–1 (H)

Second round
 Anderlecht
3–0 (H), 1–3 (A)

Quarter-final
 Rapid Vienna
3–0 (H), 0–0 (A)

Semi-final
 Milan
0–2 (A), 1–0 (H)

1976–77
UEFA Cup
First round
 Ajax
0–1 (A), 2–0 (H)

Second round
 Juventus
1–0 (H), 0–3 (A)

1977–78
Cup Winners' Cup
First round
 Saint-Étienne
1–1 (A), 2–0 (H)[nb 2]

Second round
 Porto
0–4 (A), 5–2 (H)

1980–81
UEFA Cup
First round
 Widzew Łódź
1–1 (H), 0–0 (A)[nb 3]

1982–83
UEFA Cup
First round
 Valencia
0–0 (H), 1–2 (A)

1983–84
Cup Winners' Cup
First round
 Dukla Prague
1–1 (H), 2–2 (A)[nb 4]

Second round
 Spartak Varna
2–1 (A), 2–0 (H)

Quarter-final
 Barcelona
0–2 (A), 3–0 (H)

Semi-final
 Juventus
1–1 (H), 1–2 (A)

1984–85
UEFA Cup
First round
 Rába ETO Győr
3–0 (H), 2–2 (A)

Second round
 PSV Eindhoven
0–0 (H), 1–0 (A)

Third round
 Dundee United
2–2 (H), 3–2 (A)

Quarter-final
 Videoton
1–0 (H), 0–1 (A)[nb 5]

1985–86
Cup Winners' Cup
Banned

1986–87
UEFA Cup

1988–89
UEFA Cup

1990–91
Cup Winners' Cup
First round
 Pécsi Munkás
2–0 (H), 1–0 (A)

Second round
 Wrexham
3–0 (H), 2–0 (A)

Quarter-final
 Montpellier
1–1 (H), 2–0 (A)

Semi-final
 Legia Warsaw
3–1 (A), 1–1 (H)

Final
 Barcelona
2–1 (N)

1991
Super Cup
Final
 Red Star Belgrade
1–0 (H)

1991–92
Cup Winners' Cup
First round
 Athinaikos
0–0 (A), 2–0 (H)

Second round
 Atlético Madrid
0–3 (A), 1–1 (H)

1992–93
UEFA Cup
First round
 Torpedo Moscow
0–0 (H), 0–0 (A)[nb 6]

1993–94
Champions League
First round
 Kispest Honvéd
3–2 (A), 2–1 (H)

Second round
 Galatasaray
3–3 (H), 0–0 (A)[nb 3]

1994–95
Champions League
Group A
 IFK Göteborg
4–2 (H), 1–3 (A)

 Galatasaray
0–0 (A), 4–0 (H)

 Barcelona
2–2 (H), 0–4 (A)

1995–96
UEFA Cup
First round
 Rotor Volgograd
0–0 (A), 2–2 (H)[nb 3]

1996–97
Champions League
Group C
 Juventus
0–1 (A), 0–1 (H)

 Rapid Vienna
2–0 (H), 2–0 (A)

 Fenerbahçe
2–0 (A), 0–1 (H)

Quarter-final
 Porto
4–0 (H), 0–0 (A)

Semi-final
 Borussia Dortmund
0–1 (A), 0–1 (H)

1997–98
Champions League
Group B
 Košice
3–0 (A), 3–0 (H)

 Juventus
3–2 (H), 0–1 (A)

 Feyenoord
2–1 (H), 3–1 (A)

Quarter-final
 AS Monaco
0–0 (A), 1–1 (H)[nb 3]

1998–99
Champions League
Second qualifying round
 ŁKS Łódź
2–0 (H), 0–0 (A)

Group D
 Barcelona
3–3 (H), 3–3 (A)

 Bayern Munich
2–2 (A), 1–1 (H)

 Brøndby
6–2 (A), 5–0 (H)

Quarter-final
 Internazionale
2–0 (H), 1–1 (A)

Semi-final
 Juventus
1–1 (H), 3–2 (A)

Final
 Bayern Munich
2–1 (N)

1999
Super Cup
Final
 Lazio
0–1 (N)

1999
Intercontinental Cup
Final
 Palmeiras
1–0 (N)

2000
Club World Championship
Group B
 Necaxa
1–1 (N)

 Vasco da Gama
1–3 (N)

 South Melbourne
2–0 (N)

1999–2000
Champions League
First group round
Group D
 Croatia Zagreb
0–0 (H), 2–1 (A)

 Sturm Graz
3–0 (A), 2–1 (H)

 Marseille
2–1 (H), 0–1 (A)

Second group round
Group B
 Fiorentina
0–2 (A), 3–1 (H)

 Valencia
3–0 (H), 0–0 (A)

 Bordeaux
2–0 (H), 1–0 (A)

Quarter-final
 Real Madrid
0–0 (A), 2–3 (H)

2000–01
Champions League
First group round
Group G
 Anderlecht
5–1 (H), 1–2 (A)

 Dynamo Kyiv
0–0 (A), 1–0 (H)

 PSV Eindhoven
1–3 (A), 3–1 (H)

Second group round
Group A
 Panathinaikos
3–1 (H), 1–1 (A)

 Sturm Graz
2–0 (A), 3–0 (H)

 Valencia
0–0 (A), 1–1 (H)

Quarter-final
 Bayern Munich
0–1 (H), 1–2 (A)

2001–02
Champions League
First group round
Group G
 Lille
1–0 (H), 1–1 (A)

 Deportivo
1–2 (A), 2–3 (H)

 Olympiacos
2–0 (A), 3–0 (H)

Second group round
Group A
 Bayern Munich
1–1 (A), 0–0 (H)

 Boavista
3–0 (H), 3–0 (A)

 Nantes
1–1 (A), 5–1 (H)

Quarter-final
 Deportivo
2–0 (A), 3–2 (H)

Semi-final
 Bayer Leverkusen
2–2 (H), 1–1 (A)[nb 3]

2002–03
Champions League
Third qualifying round
 Zalaegerszeg
0–1 (A), 5–0 (H)

First group round
Group F
 Maccabi Haifa
5–2 (H), 0–3 (A)

 Bayer Leverkusen
2–1 (A), 2–0 (H)

 Olympiacos
4–0 (H), 3–2 (A)

Second group round
Group D
 Basel
3–1 (A), 1–1 (H)

 Deportivo
2–0 (H), 0–2 (A)

 Juventus
2–1 (H), 3–0 (A)

Quarter-final
 Real Madrid
1–3 (A), 4–3 (H)

2003–04
Champions League
Group E
 Panathinaikos
5–0 (H), 1–0 (A)

 Stuttgart
1–2 (A), 2–0 (H)

 Rangers
1–0 (A), 3–0 (H)

First knockout round
 Porto
1–2 (A), 1–1 (H)

2004–05
Champions League
Third qualifying round
 Dinamo București
2–1 (A), 3–0 (H)

Group D
 Lyon
2–2 (A), 2–1 (H)

 Fenerbahçe
6–2 (H), 0–3 (A)

 Sparta Prague
0–0 (H), 4–1 (A)

First knockout round
 Milan
0–1 (H), 0–1 (A)

2005–06
Champions League
Third qualifying round
 Debrecen
3–0 (H), 3–0 (A)

Group D
 Villarreal
0–0 (A), 0–0 (H)

 Benfica
2–1 (H), 1–2 (A)

 Lille
0–0 (H), 0–1 (A)

2006–07
Champions League
Group F
 Celtic
3–2 (H), 0–1 (A)

 Benfica
1–0 (A), 3–1 (H)

 Copenhagen
3–0 (H), 0–1 (A)

First knockout round
 Lille
1–0 (A), 1–0 (H)

Quarter-final
 Roma
1–2 (A), 7–1 (H)

Semi-final
 Milan
3–2 (H), 0–3 (A)

2007–08
Champions League
Group F
 Sporting CP
1–0 (A), 2–1 (H)

 Roma
1–0 (H), 1–1 (A)

 Dynamo Kyiv
4–2 (A), 4–0 (H)

First knockout round
 Lyon
1–1 (A), 1–0 (H)

Quarter-final
 Roma
2–0 (A), 1–0 (H)

Semi-final
 Barcelona
0–0 (A), 1–0 (H)

Final
 Chelsea
1–1 (N)[nb 7]

2008
Super Cup
Final
 Zenit Saint Petersburg
1–2 (N)

2008
Club World Cup
Semi-final
 Gamba Osaka
5–3 (N)

Final
 LDU Quito
1–0 (N)

2008–09
Champions League
Group E
 Villarreal
0–0 (H), 0–0 (A)

 Aalborg
3–0 (A), 2–2 (H)

 Celtic
3–0 (H), 1–1 (A)

First knockout round
 Internazionale
0–0 (A), 2–0 (H)

Quarter-final
 Porto
2–2 (H), 1–0 (A)

Semi-final
 Arsenal
1–0 (H), 3–1 (A)

Final
 Barcelona
0–2 (N)

2009–10
Champions League
Group B
 Beşiktaş
1–0 (A), 0–1 (H)

 Wolfsburg
2–1 (H), 3–1 (A)

 CSKA Moscow
1–0 (A), 3–3 (H)

Round of 16
 Milan
3–2 (A), 4–0 (H)

Quarter-final
 Bayern Munich
1–2 (A), 3–2 (H)[nb 3]

2010–11
Champions League
Group C
 Rangers
0–0 (H), 1–0 (A)

 Valencia
1–0 (A), 1–1 (H)

 Bursaspor
1–0 (H), 3–0 (A)

Round of 16
 Marseille
0–0 (A), 2–1 (H)

Quarter-final
 Chelsea
1–0 (A), 2–1 (H)

Semi-final
 Schalke 04
2–0 (A), 4–1 (H)

Final
 Barcelona
1–3 (N)

2011–12
Champions League
Group C
 Benfica
1–1 (A), 2–2 (H)

 Basel
3–3 (H), 1–2 (A)

 Oțelul Galați
2–0 (A), 2–0 (H)

2011–12
Europa League
Round of 32
 Ajax
2–0 (A), 1–2 (H)

Round of 16
 Athletic Bilbao
2–3 (H), 1–2 (A)

2012–13
Champions League
Group H
 Galatasaray
1–0 (H), 0–1 (A)

 CFR Cluj
2–1 (A), 0–1 (H)

 Braga
3–2 (H), 3–1 (A)

Round of 16
 Real Madrid
1–1 (A), 1–2 (H)

2013–14
Champions League
Group A
 Bayer Leverkusen
4–2 (H), 5–0 (A)

 Shakhtar Donetsk
1–1 (A), 1–0 (H)

 Real Sociedad
1–0 (H), 0–0 (A)

Round of 16
 Olympiacos
0–2 (A), 3–0 (H)

Quarter-final
 Bayern Munich
1–1 (H), 1–3 (A)

2015–16
Champions League
Play-off round
 Club Brugge
3–1 (H), 4–0 (A)

Group B
 PSV Eindhoven
1–2 (A), 0–0 (H)

 Wolfsburg
2–1 (H), 2–3 (A)

 CSKA Moscow
1–1 (A), 1–0 (H)

2015–16
Europa League
Round of 32
 Midtjylland
1–2 (A), 5–1 (H)

Round of 16
 Liverpool
0–2 (A), 1–1 (H)

2016–17
Europa League
Group A
 Fenerbahçe
4–1 (H), 1–2 (A)

 Feyenoord
0–1 (A), 4–0 (H)

 Zorya Luhansk
1–0 (H), 2–0 (A)

Round of 32
 Saint-Étienne
3–0 (H), 1–0 (A)

Round of 16
 Rostov
1–1 (A), 1–0 (H)

Quarter-final
 Anderlecht
1–1 (A), 2–1 (H)

Semi-final
 Celta Vigo
1–0 (A), 1–1 (H)

Final
 Ajax
2–0 (N)

2017
Super Cup
Final
 Real Madrid
1–2 (N)

2017–18
Champions League
Group A
 Basel
3–0 (H)

 CSKA Moscow
4–1 (A)

 Benfica
1–0 (A), 2–0 (H)

tag: table

text: Overall record[edit]

text: By competition[edit]

text: As of 31 October 2017

text:
Competition
Pld
W
D
L
GF
GA
GD
Win%[nb 8]
Ref

Champions League / European Cup
7002265000000000000♠265
7002149000000000000♠149
7001640000000000000♠64
7001520000000000000♠52
7002493000000000000♠493
7002249000000000000♠249
+244
07001562300000099999♠56.23
[18]

Cup Winners' Cup
7001310000000000000♠31
7001160000000000000♠16
7000900000000000000♠9
7000600000000000000♠6
7001550000000000000♠55
7001350000000000000♠35
+20
07001516100000000000♠51.61
[19]

Europa League / UEFA Cup / Inter-Cities Fairs Cup
7001540000000000000♠54
7001240000000000000♠24
7001170000000000000♠17
7001130000000000000♠13
7001860000000000000♠86
7001470000000000000♠47
+39
07001444400000000000♠44.44
[20]

Super Cup
7000400000000000000♠4
7000100000000000000♠1
5000000000000000000♠0
7000300000000000000♠3
7000300000000000000♠3
7000500000000000000♠5
−2
07001250000000000000♠25.00
[21]

Intertoto Cup
5000000000000000000♠0
5000000000000000000♠0
5000000000000000000♠0
5000000000000000000♠0
5000000000000000000♠0
5000000000000000000♠0
+0
!—

Intercontinental Cup
7000300000000000000♠3
7000100000000000000♠1
7000100000000000000♠1
7000100000000000000♠1
7000200000000000000♠2
7000200000000000000♠2
+0
07001333300000000000♠33.33
[22]

Club World Cup
7000500000000000000♠5
7000300000000000000♠3
7000100000000000000♠1
7000100000000000000♠1
7001100000000000000♠10
7000700000000000000♠7
+3
07001600000000000000♠60.00
[23]

Total
7002362000000000000♠362
7002194000000000000♠194
7001920000000000000♠92
7001760000000000000♠76
7002649000000000000♠649
7002345000000000000♠345
+304
07001535900000000000♠53.59
[24]

text: By country[edit]

text: As of 31 October 2017

text:
Country
Pld
W
D
L
GF
GA
GD
Win%[nb 8]
Ref

 Argentina
7000200000000000000♠2
5000000000000000000♠0
7000100000000000000♠1
7000100000000000000♠1
7000100000000000000♠1
7000200000000000000♠2
−1
005000000000000000000♠0.00
[25]

 Australia
7000100000000000000♠1
7000100000000000000♠1
5000000000000000000♠0
5000000000000000000♠0
7000200000000000000♠2
5000000000000000000♠0
+2
7002100000000000000♠100.00
[26]

 Austria
7000800000000000000♠8
7000700000000000000♠7
7000100000000000000♠1
5000000000000000000♠0
7001170000000000000♠17
7000100000000000000♠1
+16
07001875000000000000♠87.50
[27]

 Belgium
7001100000000000000♠10
7000700000000000000♠7
7000100000000000000♠1
7000200000000000000♠2
7001320000000000000♠32
7000900000000000000♠9
+23
07001700000000000000♠70.00
[28]

 Bosnia and Herzegovina
7000200000000000000♠2
7000100000000000000♠1
7000100000000000000♠1
5000000000000000000♠0
7000200000000000000♠2
7000100000000000000♠1
+1
07001500000000000000♠50.00
[29]

 Brazil
7000200000000000000♠2
7000100000000000000♠1
5000000000000000000♠0
7000100000000000000♠1
7000200000000000000♠2
7000300000000000000♠3
−1
07001500000000000000♠50.00
[30]

 Bulgaria
7000200000000000000♠2
7000200000000000000♠2
5000000000000000000♠0
5000000000000000000♠0
7000400000000000000♠4
7000100000000000000♠1
+3
7002100000000000000♠100.00
[31]

 Croatia
7000200000000000000♠2
7000100000000000000♠1
7000100000000000000♠1
5000000000000000000♠0
7000200000000000000♠2
7000100000000000000♠1
+1
07001500000000000000♠50.00
[32]

 Czech Republic / Czechoslovakia
7000600000000000000♠6
7000200000000000000♠2
7000300000000000000♠3
7000100000000000000♠1
7001100000000000000♠10
7000500000000000000♠5
+5
07001333300000000000♠33.33
[33]

 Denmark
7000800000000000000♠8
7000500000000000000♠5
7000100000000000000♠1
7000200000000000000♠2
7001250000000000000♠25
7000800000000000000♠8
+17
07001625000000000000♠62.50
[34]

 East Germany
7000200000000000000♠2
7000200000000000000♠2
5000000000000000000♠0
5000000000000000000♠0
7000500000000000000♠5
7000100000000000000♠1
+4
7002100000000000000♠100.00

 Ecuador
7000100000000000000♠1
7000100000000000000♠1
5000000000000000000♠0
5000000000000000000♠0
7000100000000000000♠1
5000000000000000000♠0
+1
7002100000000000000♠100.00
[35]

 England
7001110000000000000♠11
7000600000000000000♠6
7000300000000000000♠3
7000200000000000000♠2
7001160000000000000♠16
7001110000000000000♠11
+5
07001545500000000000♠54.55
[36]

 Finland
7000200000000000000♠2
7000200000000000000♠2
5000000000000000000♠0
5000000000000000000♠0
7000900000000000000♠9
7000200000000000000♠2
+7
7002100000000000000♠100.00
[37]

 France
7001280000000000000♠28
7001150000000000000♠15
7001110000000000000♠11
7000200000000000000♠2
7001400000000000000♠40
7001150000000000000♠15
+25
07001535700000000000♠53.57
[38][39]

 Germany / West Germany
7001310000000000000♠31
7001150000000000000♠15
7000800000000000000♠8
7000800000000000000♠8
7001600000000000000♠60
7001360000000000000♠36
+24
07001483900000000000♠48.39
[40]

 Greece
7001120000000000000♠12
7000900000000000000♠9
7000200000000000000♠2
7000100000000000000♠1
7001270000000000000♠27
7000600000000000000♠6
+21
07001750000000000000♠75.00
[41]

 Hungary
7001150000000000000♠15
7001100000000000000♠10
7000100000000000000♠1
7000400000000000000♠4
7001290000000000000♠29
7001120000000000000♠12
+17
07001666700000000000♠66.67
[42]

 Ireland
7000400000000000000♠4
7000400000000000000♠4
5000000000000000000♠0
5000000000000000000♠0
7001190000000000000♠19
7000400000000000000♠4
+15
7002100000000000000♠100.00
[43]

 Israel
7000200000000000000♠2
7000100000000000000♠1
5000000000000000000♠0
7000100000000000000♠1
7000500000000000000♠5
7000500000000000000♠5
+0
07001500000000000000♠50.00
[44]

 Italy
7001350000000000000♠35
7001170000000000000♠17
7000500000000000000♠5
7001130000000000000♠13
7001490000000000000♠49
7001400000000000000♠40
+9
07001485700000000000♠48.57
[45]

 Japan
7000100000000000000♠1
7000100000000000000♠1
5000000000000000000♠0
5000000000000000000♠0
7000500000000000000♠5
7000300000000000000♠3
+2
7002100000000000000♠100.00
[46]

 Malta
7000200000000000000♠2
7000100000000000000♠1
7000100000000000000♠1
5000000000000000000♠0
7000400000000000000♠4
5000000000000000000♠0
+4
07001500000000000000♠50.00
[47]

 Mexico
7000100000000000000♠1
5000000000000000000♠0
7000100000000000000♠1
5000000000000000000♠0
7000100000000000000♠1
7000100000000000000♠1
+0
005000000000000000000♠0.00
[48]

 Netherlands
7001170000000000000♠17
7000900000000000000♠9
7000300000000000000♠3
7000500000000000000♠5
7001290000000000000♠29
7001140000000000000♠14
+15
07001529400000000000♠52.94
[49]

 Poland
7000800000000000000♠8
7000300000000000000♠3
7000400000000000000♠4
7000100000000000000♠1
7000900000000000000♠9
7000400000000000000♠4
+5
07001375000000000000♠37.50
[50]

 Portugal
7001270000000000000♠27
7001180000000000000♠18
7000500000000000000♠5
7000400000000000000♠4
7001580000000000000♠58
7001320000000000000♠32
+26
07001666700000000000♠66.67
[51]

 Romania
7000600000000000000♠6
7000500000000000000♠5
5000000000000000000♠0
7000100000000000000♠1
7001110000000000000♠11
7000300000000000000♠3
+8
07001833300000000000♠83.33
[52]

 Russia
7001120000000000000♠12
7000400000000000000♠4
7000700000000000000♠7
7000100000000000000♠1
7001150000000000000♠15
7001100000000000000♠10
+5
07001333300000000000♠33.33
[53]

 Scotland
7001100000000000000♠10
7000600000000000000♠6
7000300000000000000♠3
7000100000000000000♠1
7001170000000000000♠17
7000800000000000000♠8
+9
07001600000000000000♠60.00
[54]

 Serbia
7000500000000000000♠5
7000300000000000000♠3
7000100000000000000♠1
7000100000000000000♠1
7000700000000000000♠7
7000600000000000000♠6
+1
07001600000000000000♠60.00
[55]

 Slovakia
7000200000000000000♠2
7000200000000000000♠2
5000000000000000000♠0
5000000000000000000♠0
7000600000000000000♠6
5000000000000000000♠0
+6
7002100000000000000♠100.00
[56]

 Spain
7001500000000000000♠50
7001130000000000000♠13
7001200000000000000♠20
7001170000000000000♠17
7001620000000000000♠62
7001700000000000000♠70
−8
07001260000000000000♠26.00
[57]

 Sweden
7000400000000000000♠4
7000200000000000000♠2
7000100000000000000♠1
7000100000000000000♠1
7001120000000000000♠12
7000700000000000000♠7
+5
07001500000000000000♠50.00
[58]

  Switzerland
7000500000000000000♠5
7000200000000000000♠2
7000200000000000000♠2
7000100000000000000♠1
7001110000000000000♠11
7000700000000000000♠7
+4
07001400000000000000♠40.00
[59]

 Turkey
7001160000000000000♠16
7000800000000000000♠8
7000300000000000000♠3
7000500000000000000♠5
7001260000000000000♠26
7001140000000000000♠14
+12
07001500000000000000♠50.00
[60]

 Ukraine
7000800000000000000♠8
7000600000000000000♠6
7000200000000000000♠2
5000000000000000000♠0
7001140000000000000♠14
7000300000000000000♠3
+11
07001750000000000000♠75.00
[61]

 Wales
7000200000000000000♠2
7000200000000000000♠2
5000000000000000000♠0
5000000000000000000♠0
7000500000000000000♠5
5000000000000000000♠0
+5
7002100000000000000♠100.00
[62]

text: By club[edit]

text: As of 31 October 2017

text:
Opponent
Played
Won
Drawn
Lost
For
Against
Difference

 Aalborg
2
1
1
0
5
2
+3

 Ajax
5
3
0
2
7
3
+4

 Anderlecht
8
5
1
2
25
8
+17

 Arsenal
2
2
0
0
4
1
+3

 Athinaikos
2
1
1
0
2
0
+2

 Athletic Bilbao
4
1
0
3
9
10
−1

 Atlético Madrid
2
1
0
1
1
4
−3

 Barcelona
11
3
4
4
15
20
−5

 Basel
5
2
2
1
11
7
+4

 Bayer Leverkusen
6
4
2
0
16
6
+10

 Bayern Munich
11
2
5
4
13
16
−3

 Benfica
11
8
2
1
25
11
+14

 Beşiktaş
2
1
0
1
1
1
0

 Boavista
2
2
0
0
6
0
+6

 Bordeaux
2
2
0
0
3
0
+3

 Borussia Dortmund
6
3
1
2
13
5
+8

 Braga
2
2
0
0
6
3
+3

 Brøndby
2
2
0
0
11
2
+9

 Budapest Honvéd
2
2
0
0
5
3
+2

 Bursaspor
2
2
0
0
4
0
+4

 Celta Vigo
2
1
1
0
2
1
+1

 Celtic
4
2
1
1
7
4
+3

 CFR Cluj
2
1
0
1
2
2
0

 Chelsea
3
2
1
0
4
2
+2

 Club Brugge
2
2
0
0
7
1
+6

 Copenhagen
2
1
0
1
3
1
+2

 CSKA Moscow
5
3
2
0
10
5
+5

 Debrecen
2
2
0
0
6
0
+6

 Deportivo La Coruña
6
3
0
3
10
9
+1

 Dinamo București
2
2
0
0
5
1
+4

 Dinamo Zagreb
2
1
1
0
2
1
+1

 Djurgården
2
1
1
0
7
1
+6

 Dukla Prague
4
1
2
1
6
4
+2

 Dundee United
2
1
1
0
5
4
+1

 Dynamo Kyiv
4
3
1
0
9
2
+7

 Estudiantes
2
0
1
1
1
2
−1

 Everton
2
1
1
0
7
1
+6

 Fenerbahçe
6
3
0
3
13
9
+4

 Ferencváros
3
1
0
2
4
5
−1

 Feyenoord
4
3
0
1
9
3
+6

 Fiorentina
2
1
0
1
3
3
0

 Galatasaray
6
2
3
1
8
4
+4

 Gamba Osaka
1
1
0
0
5
3
+2

 Górnik Zabrze
2
1
0
1
2
1
+1

 Göteborg
2
1
0
1
5
5
0

 Győri ETO
2
1
1
0
5
2
+3

 HJK Helsinki
2
2
0
0
9
2
+7

 Hibernians
2
1
1
0
4
0
+4

 Internazionale
4
2
2
0
5
1
+4

 Juventus
12
5
2
5
15
15
0

 Košice
2
2
0
0
6
0
+6

 Lazio
1
0
0
1
0
1
−1

 L.D.U. Quito
1
1
0
0
1
0
+1

 Legia Warsaw
2
1
1
0
4
2
+2

 Lille
6
3
2
1
4
2
+2

 Liverpool
2
0
1
1
1
3
−2

 ŁKS Łódź
2
1
1
0
2
0
+2

 Lyon
4
2
2
0
6
4
+2

 Maccabi Haifa
2
1
0
1
5
5
0

 Marseille
4
2
1
1
4
3
+1

 Midtjylland
2
1
0
1
6
3
+3

 Milan
10
5
0
5
13
16
−3

 AS Monaco
2
0
2
0
1
1
0

 Montpellier
2
1
1
0
3
1
+2

 Nantes
2
1
1
0
6
2
+4

 Necaxa
1
0
1
0
1
1
0

 Olympiacos
6
5
0
1
15
4
+11

 Oțelul Galați
2
2
0
0
4
0
+4

 Palmeiras
1
1
0
0
1
0
+1

 Panathinaikos
4
3
1
0
10
2
+8

 Partizan
2
1
0
1
1
2
−1

 Pécsi MFC
2
2
0
0
3
0
+3

 Porto
8
3
3
2
14
11
+3

 PSV Eindhoven
6
2
2
2
6
6
0

 Rangers
4
3
1
0
5
0
+5

 Rapid Wien
4
3
1
0
7
0
+7

 Real Madrid
11
2
4
5
17
22
−5

 Real Sociedad
2
1
1
0
1
0
+1

 Red Star Belgrade
3
2
1
0
6
4
+2

 Roma
6
4
1
1
13
4
+9

 Rostov
2
1
1
0
2
1
+1

 Rotor Volgograd
2
0
2
0
2
2
0

 Saint-Étienne
4
3
1
0
7
1
+6

 FK Sarajevo
2
1
1
0
2
1
+1

 Schalke 04
2
2
0
0
6
1
+5

 Shakhtar Donetsk
2
1
1
0
2
1
+1

 Shamrock Rovers
2
2
0
0
9
2
+7

 South Melbourne
1
1
0
0
2
0
+2

 Sparta Prague
2
1
1
0
4
1
+3

 Spartak Varna
2
2
0
0
4
1
+3

 Sporting CP
4
3
0
1
7
7
0

 Strasbourg
2
1
1
0
5
0
+5

 Sturm Graz
4
4
0
0
10
1
+9

 Stuttgart
2
1
0
1
3
2
+1

 Torpedo Moscow
2
0
2
0
0
0
0

 Tottenham Hotspur
2
1
0
1
4
3
+1

 Valencia
8
2
5
1
7
4
+3

 Vasco da Gama
1
0
0
1
1
3
−2

 Videoton
2
1
0
1
1
1
0

 Villarreal
4
0
4
0
0
0
0

 Vorwärts Berlin
2
2
0
0
5
1
+4

 Waterford
2
2
0
0
10
2
+8

 Widzew Łódź
2
0
2
0
1
1
0

 Willem II
2
1
1
0
7
1
+6

 Wolfsburg
4
3
0
1
9
6
+3

 Wrexham
2
2
0
0
5
0
+5

 Zalaegerszeg
2
1
0
1
5
1
+4

 Zenit Saint Petersburg
1
0
0
1
1
2
−1

 Zorya Luhansk
2
2
0
0
3
0
+3

text: Honours[edit]

text: European[edit]

text:
European Cup/UEFA Champions League: 3

1967–68, 1998–99, 2007–08

UEFA Europa League: 1

2016–17

UEFA Cup Winners' Cup: 1

1990–91

UEFA Super Cup: 1

1991

tag: ul

text: Worldwide[edit]

text:
Intercontinental Cup: 1

1999

FIFA Club World Cup: 1

2008

text: Notes[edit]

text:
Jump up ^ Manchester United score comes first
Jump up ^ Home game played at Home Park, Plymouth
^ Jump up to: a b c d e f Lost on away goals
Jump up ^ Won on away goals
Jump up ^ Lost 5–4 on penalties
Jump up ^ Lost 4–3 on penalties
Jump up ^ Won 6–5 on penalties
^ Jump up to: a b Win% is rounded to two decimal places