document_title: War for the Planet of the Apes

question_text: where was war on the planet of the apes filmed

text: War for the Planet of the Apes

text: Plot[edit]

text: Two years after the U.S. military was called to fight off an increasingly intelligent and dangerous tribe of apes, starting a devastating war between the two species, the apes' clan, led by the chimpanzee Caesar, are attacked in the woods by a rogue paramilitary faction known as Alpha-Omega, led by a mysterious Colonel. Alpha-Omega has in its service apes (called "donkeys") that had previously followed Koba, a vengeful, human-hating bonobo who led a failed coup against Caesar and started the war after leading a vengeful attack against human survivors in San Francisco.

text: During Alpha-Omega's attack, the human soldiers are met by heavy ape resistance. Four soldiers and a "donkey" gorilla named Red are captured by the apes. Caesar arrives and releases the human soldiers, telling them to deliver a message to the Colonel - that he killed Koba for starting the war and that he desires peace between the humans and apes. Caesar then orders that Red is to be imprisoned but Red escapes, injuring albino gorilla Winter.

text: Soon after, Caesar's son, Blue Eyes, and his lieutenant Rocket return from a journey to find a safe haven for the apes. They report that they have found a place across the desert that is perfect for the clan. Winter, still frightened from the soldiers' attack, wants to leave immediately, but Caesar does not think they are prepared to leave so soon. That night, a group of Alpha-Omega soldiers, led by the Colonel, infiltrates the apes' home behind a waterfall. The apes discover their presence and kill them all except the Colonel, whom Caesar encounters preparing to escape. Discovering that the Colonel has killed his wife Cornelia along with Blue Eyes, an enraged Caesar lunges at the Colonel but fails to prevent him from escaping out of the waterfall. Upon discovering that Winter has disappeared, Luca, a gorilla and Caesar's secondary lieutenant, believes that he has betrayed them out of cowardice.

text: Leaving his younger son Cornelius in the care of Blue Eyes' wife Lake, Caesar departs to exact revenge on the Colonel for the deaths of his wife and oldest son. He is accompanied by Maurice, an orangutan and Caesar's adviser, Luca, and Rocket. The other apes head for the desert. During their journey, the apes enter an abandoned village, encounter a soldier, and kill him. Caesar, Maurice, Luca, and Rocket search the dead soldier's home. Maurice discovers a girl who the soldier was looking after. She is apparently unable to speak. Maurice befriends and adopts the girl, giving her a small rag doll.

text: Caesar's party eventually sneak inside an Alpha-Omega camp on a beach and encounter Winter, who has volunteered to become a "donkey" for the soldiers in return for sparing his life. He tells Caesar's group that the Colonel has departed for a location called the "border", where soldiers further north will meet them. Winter tries to call out to the Alpha-Omega soldiers to save him, and Caesar and the others restrain him from making noise. In the struggle, Caesar accidentally smothers and kills Winter. Caesar begins to worry that he is becoming like Koba by killing his fellow apes and seeking revenge.

text: While following the soldiers to the border, the group discover some soldiers who have been shot and left for dead. Their examination of a soldier who survived reveals that he, like the girl, cannot speak. At the soldier's urging, Caesar kills him. Later, they encounter Bad Ape, a reclusive chimpanzee. Bad Ape reveals that the human soldiers are encamped at the border and hesitantly agrees to lead them there.

text: When the group arrives at the border, they see hundreds of apes held captive inside a former quarantine facility. While getting a closer look, Luca is killed protecting Caesar from an Alpha-Omega patrol, angering Caesar and causing him to proceed alone. Caesar discovers that the captured apes belong to his clan, and are being forced to build a wall with no food or water. After Caesar is captured by Red, the Colonel reveals to Caesar that the Simian Flu virus has mutated and now causes humans who survived the original strain to become mute, which he believes is a sign of devolution to a primitive state. Caesar deduces that the Colonel is barricading the facility to fend off remnants of the U.S. Army from the north who are coming to execute him because he favors massacring any infected humans, including his own son, to stop the spread of the virus. Caesar is commended by the Colonel for his intelligence, and the Colonel explains that he is fighting a "holy war" for humanity's survival.

text: While Caesar is tortured with starvation, the mute girl, whom Maurice names Nova, sneaks into the facility to give Caesar food, water, and her rag doll (originally given to her by Maurice). To prevent Nova from being discovered, Rocket allows himself to be captured as a diversion. The next day, the Colonel comes to see if Caesar is still alive, and confiscates Nova's doll upon discovering it. Together, Caesar and Rocket are able to work out a means of escape via an underground tunnel that leads out of the facility. Maurice and Bad Ape use the tunnel to rescue the apes, and Caesar orders the others to escape while he goes to confront the Colonel as the facility comes under attack by the northern army. Caesar reaches the Colonel and prepares to kill him, but discovers that Nova's doll has infected him with the mutated virus, rendering him unable to speak. Caesar spares the Colonel and watches as he uses his pistol to commit suicide.

text: During the battle between Alpha-Omega and the northern army, the escaping apes come under fire from Alpha-Omega. Red watches the apes struggle to escape and being picked off by the humans, and seems to be disturbed by watching his own kind suffer such a fate. Caesar attempts to attack the Alpha-Omega forces from behind, but is shot with a crossbow by Preacher, one of the Alpha-Omega soldiers he had previously set free. In an act of redemption, Red saves Caesar's life by killing Preacher with a grenade launcher, and gets shot by an Alpha-Omega superior as a result. In the chaos, Caesar blows up a large fuel tank, causing a cascade of explosions which destroys the Alpha-Omega facility, allowing the northern army to win the battle. However, the army is subsequently devastated by an avalanche, which Caesar and the other apes, carrying Nova, survive by climbing nearby trees.

text: The remaining apes depart the facility and cross the desert to find an oasis. While the other apes joyously celebrate their new home, Maurice discovers Caesar's wound. Maurice then speaks, telling the dying Caesar that Cornelius will know who his father was, what he stood for and what he did to protect the apes. Caesar then slowly and silently succumbs to his wounds, dying peacefully while Maurice mourns his passing as the other apes look on.

text: Cast[edit]

text: Apes[edit]

text:
Andy Serkis as Caesar, an intelligent common chimpanzee who is leader to a tribe of genetically enhanced apes.[7]
Steve Zahn as "Bad Ape", a common chimpanzee who lived in a zoo before the Simian Flu outbreak, and was a hermit before joining Caesar's group.[8][9]
Karin Konoval as Maurice, a Bornean orangutan who is Caesar's adviser.[7]
Terry Notary as Rocket, a common chimpanzee who is Caesar's brother-figure.[10]
Ty Olsson as Red, a Western lowland gorilla who was once a follower of Koba, now serving the Colonel to defeat Caesar. Olsson previously played Chief Hamill in Rise.[11]
Michael Adamthwaite as Luca, a Western lowland gorilla in Caesar's tribe.[12]
Toby Kebbell as Koba, a bonobo who had previously waged war against the humans in Dawn of the Planet of the Apes, now appears in Caesar's hallucinations.
Judy Greer as Cornelia, Caesar's wife.[7]
Sara Canning as Lake, a common chimpanzee in Caesar's tribe, who is also Blue Eyes' mate and later Cornelius's caretaker.[13]
Max Lloyd-Jones as Blue Eyes, Caesar and Cornelia's oldest son.[14]
Devyn Dalton as Cornelius, Caesar and Cornelia's youngest son, and Blue Eyes' younger brother. Dalton previously played Cornelia in Rise.
Aleks Paunovic as Winter, an albino Western lowland gorilla in Caesar's tribe who sided with the Colonel out of fear.[15]

text: Humans[edit]

text:
Woody Harrelson as The Colonel, the leader of the paramilitary organization Alpha-Omega, who is obsessed with wiping out Caesar and his tribe to preserve humans as the dominant species.[16][17]
Amiah Miller as Nova, a mute orphan whom Maurice befriends and cares for.[18][19]
Gabriel Chavarria as Preacher, a human soldier working under the Colonel in Alpha-Omega.[20]

text: Production[edit]

text: Development[edit]

text: After seeing his cut of Dawn, 20th Century Fox and Chernin Entertainment signed Matt Reeves to return as director for a third installment of the reboot series. In January 2014, the studio announced the third film, with Reeves returning to direct and co-write along with Bomback, and Peter Chernin, Rick Jaffa and Amanda Silver serving as producers.[21][22] During an interview in mid-November 2014 with MTV, Andy Serkis said they did not know the next film's setting. "...It could be five years after the event. It could be the night after the events of where we left 'Dawn.'"[23] In May 2015, the title was first given as War of the Planet of the Apes.[24] By October 2015, it had been retitled as War for the Planet of the Apes.[8]

text: When director Reeves and screenwriter Bomback came on board to helm Dawn, the film already had a release date, which led to an accelerated production schedule. However, with the third installment, Fox wanted to give the duo plenty of time to write and make the film. Taking advantage of this, the two bonded with each other more than before.[25]

text: In interviews for Dawn, Reeves talked about the inevitable war Caesar would have with the humans: "As this story continues, we know that war is not avoided by the end of Dawn. That is going to take us into the world of what he is grappling with. Where he is going to be thrust into circumstances that he never, ever wanted to deal with, and was hoping he could avoid. And now he is right in the middle of it. The things that happen in that story test him in huge ways, in the ways in which his relationship with Koba haunts him deeply. It’s going to be an epic story. I think you’ve probably read that I sort of described it where in the first film was very much about his rise from humble beginnings to being a revolutionary. The second movie was about having to rise to the challenge of being a great leader in the most difficult of times. This is going to be the story that is going to cement his status as a seminal figure in ape history, and sort of leads to an almost biblical status. He is going to become like a mythic ape figure, like Moses."[26]

text: Toby Kebbell, who portrayed Koba in Dawn, had expressed interest in reprising his role or performing as other characters.[27] Plans to include Koba in a larger role in the film were abandoned early, with Bomback saying, "If you stayed until the very end of Dawn of the Planet of the Apes, you hear Koba’s breathing. We did that to give us a tiny crack of a possibility that we could revive Koba if we wanted to. Very early on in spitballing, we realized there was nothing more to do with Koba – certainly nothing that would exceed what he had done in the last story. But we knew we wanted to keep him alive as an idea. In playing out the reality of what happened at the end of the last film, Caesar would be traumatized by having to kill his brother. That would have resonance, and we wanted to make sure that didn’t get lost. So the answer was that we could go inside Caesar’s mind at this point and revisit Koba that way."[28]

text: Casting[edit]

text: In August 2015, Deadline reported that Gabriel Chavarria had been cast as one of the humans in the film.[29] In September 2015, The Hollywood Reporter announced that Woody Harrelson had been cast as the film's antagonist, and that Chavarria's role was supporting.[16] In October 2015, TheWrap reported that Steve Zahn was cast as a new ape in the film.[8] It was also announced that actress Amiah Miller was cast as one of the film's humans, with Judy Greer and Karin Konoval reprising their roles as Cornelia and Maurice,[7][18] while Aleks Paunovic and Sara Canning were cast as new apes.[15][13]

text: Filming[edit]

text: Principal photography on the film began on October 14, 2015 in the Lower Mainland in Vancouver, under the working title Hidden Fortress.[30][31] Filming was expected to take place there until early March 2016.[32] Parts of the film were expected to shoot for up to five days in the Kananaskis in late January and early February.[33] In March, Serkis confirmed that he had finished shooting his portions.[34]

text: Visual effects[edit]

text: As with Rise and Dawn, the visual effects for War were created by Weta Digital; the apes were created with a mixture of motion-capture and CGI key-frame animation, as they were performed in motion-capture technology and animated in CGI.

text: Influences[edit]

text: At New York Comic-Con 2016, Reeves explained that he and Bomback were influenced by many films before writing. He said, "One of the first things that Mark and I did because we had just finished Dawn was that we decided to watch a million movies. We decided to do what people fantasize what Hollywood screenwriters get to do but no one actually does. We got Fox to give us a theater and we watched movie after movie. We watched every Planet of the Apes movie, war movies, westerns, Empire Strikes Back... We just thought, 'We have to pretend we have all the time in the world,' even though we had limited time. We got really inspired."[35]

text: Additionally, during production, Reeves and Bomback sought broader inspirations from films like Bridge on the River Kwai and The Great Escape. Feeling that there was a need to imbue Biblical themes and elements, they also watched Biblical epics like Ben-Hur and The Ten Commandments. The influences and inspirations were made evident in the relationship between Caesar and Woody Harrelson's Colonel, a military leader with pretensions toward godhood. Reeves has compared their relationship to the dynamic between Alec Guinness's British Commander and Sessue Hayakawa's prison camp Colonel in Bridge on the River Kwai. Another comparison is in Caesar's journey to find the Colonel, flanked by a posse of close friends – a situation Reeves explicitly tied to Clint Eastwood's war-weary soldier in The Outlaw Josey Wales.[25] Influences from the film Apocalypse Now, notably Harrelson's character and his Alpha-Omega faction being similar to Colonel Kurtz's renegade army, were also noted by several journalists.[36][37][38] Harrelson has also acknowledged the similarities and inspiration.[39]

text: Soundtrack[edit]

text:
War for the Planet of the Apes

Soundtrack album by Michael Giacchino

Released
July 7, 2017 (Digital)
July 21, 2017 (Physical)

Recorded
2017

Genre
Film score

Label
Sony Masterworks

Michael Giacchino film scores chronology

Spider-Man: Homecoming
(2017)Spider-Man: Homecoming2017
War for the Planet of the Apes
(2017)
Coco
(2017)Coco2017

text: On October 17, 2015, it was confirmed that Michael Giacchino, the composer and writer of the soundtrack for Dawn, would return to compose War's score.[1] The soundtrack was digitally released to iTunes and Amazon on July 7, 2017,[40] and in its physical form by Sony Masterworks on July 21, 2017.[41]

text: Track listing[edit]

text: All music composed by Michael Giacchino.

text:
No.
Title
Length

1.
"Apes’ Past is Prologue"
10:53

2.
"Assault of the Earth"
5:29

3.
"Exodus Wounds"
4:23

4.
"The Posse Polonaise"
1:39

5.
"The Bad Ape Bagatelle"
1:13

6.
"Don’t Luca Now"
3:53

7.
"Koba Dependent"
2:54

8.
"The Ecstasy of the Bold"
1:57

9.
"Apes Together Strong"
7:12

10.
"A Tide in the Affairs of Apes"
5:31

11.
"Planet of the Escapes"
2:42

12.
"The Hating Game"
2:04

13.
"A Man Named Suicide"
5:32

14.
"More Red Than Alive"
2:41

15.
"Migration"
2:03

16.
"Paradise Found"
5:35

17.
"End Credits"
9:30

Total length:
75:11

text: Release[edit]

text: The film was initially set for a July 29, 2016, release. However, in January 2015, Fox postponed the film's release date to about a year later on July 14, 2017.[42][6]

text: Marketing[edit]

text: Special behind-the-scenes footage for the film was aired on TV on November 22, 2015, as part of a contest announcement presented by director Matt Reeves and Andy Serkis.[43] The footage aired during The Walking Dead on AMC.[44][45] The announcement allowed winners to wear a performance-capture suit and appear in a scene as an ape.[46] The announcement was released on 20th Century Fox's official YouTube page later the same day.[47]

text: At a New York Comic Con special event on October 6, Reeves, Serkis and producer Dylan Clark debuted an exclusive look at the film.[48]

text: Serkis has also mentioned that the film would be accompanied by a video game, for which he performed motion capture.[49] Titled Planet of the Apes: Last Frontier, the game is set for release for the PlayStation 4, Xbox One and PC in fall 2017.[50]

text: Home media[edit]

text: War for the Planet of the Apes was released on Digital HD on October 10, 2017, and on Blu-ray and DVD on October 24, 2017 by 20th Century Fox Home Entertainment.[51]

text: Reception[edit]

text: Box office[edit]

text: War for the Planet of the Apes grossed $146.9 million in the United States and Canada and $343.8 million in other territories for a worldwide total of $490.7 million, against a production budget of $150 million.[5]

text: In North America, the film was projected to gross $50–60 million in its opening weekend,[52] however, given its acclaimed status and strong word-of-mouth, rival studios believed the film had the potential to debut as high as $70–80 million.[4][53][54] War was closely monitored by analysts while the summer was witnessing a decline in ticket sales, a situation that they blamed on franchise fatigue for an overabundance of sequels and reboots (such as Pirates of the Caribbean: Dead Men Tell No Tales, Transformers: The Last Knight and The Mummy). However, box office analysts noted that well-reviewed films have tended to perform in-line with estimates (Guardians of the Galaxy Vol. 2, Wonder Woman and Spider-Man: Homecoming).[55][56][57] The film grossed $5 million from Thursday night previews at 3,021 theaters, up 22% from the $4.1 million earned by its predecessor, and $22.1 million on its first day. It went on to debut to $56.3 million, topping the box office, albeit with a 22% drop from Dawn's $72.6 million debut.[58][59] In its second weekend, the film grossed $20.9 million (a drop of 62.9%, more than the 50.4% fall Dawn saw), finishing 4th at the box office.[60] In its third weekend, the film made $10.5 million (dropping another 49.9%), finishing 6th at the box office. It was lower than the third weeks of both Rise ($16.1 million) and Dawn ($16.8 million).[61]

text: Outside North America, War for the Planet of the Apes received a scattered release in a span of three months (July–September). The film began its release in about a third of the marketplace on July 14, albeit only in two major markets, and was projected to have an opening of $50–60 million, with the potential to go higher if smaller Asian markets over-perform, as they have for recent tent poles.[4] The film ended up having an international debut of $44.2 million, including $9.27 million in the United Kingdom.[62]

text: Critical response[edit]

text: War for the Planet of the Apes received critical acclaim for the performances of its cast (particularly Serkis), direction, musical score, visual effects, cinematography and morally complex storyline.[63] On review aggregator site Rotten Tomatoes, the film has an approval rating of 93%, based on 280 reviews, with a rating average of 8.1/10. The site's critical consensus reads, "War for the Planet of the Apes combines breathtaking special effects and a powerful, poignant narrative to conclude this rebooted trilogy on a powerful – and truly blockbuster – note."[64] On review aggregator Metacritic, which assigns a weighted average rating to reviews, the film has a score of 82 out of 100, based on 50 critics, indicating "universal acclaim".[65] Audiences polled by CinemaScore gave the film an average grade of "A–" on an A+ to F scale, the same score earned by its two immediate predecessors.[58] Scott Collura of IGN awarded the film a score of 9.5 out of 10, saying: "War for the Planet of the Apes is an excellent closing act to this rebooted trilogy, but also one that does enough world-building that the series can potentially continue from here – and it’s a rare case where, after three movies, we’re left wanting more."[66]

text: A.O. Scott of The New York Times said of the film, "“War for the Planet of the Apes,” directed by Matt Reeves, is the grimmest episode so far, and also the strongest, a superb example — rare in this era of sloppily constructed, commercially hedged cinematic universes — of clear thinking wedded to inventive technique in popular filmmaking," and lauded Andy Serkis's performance in the film, stating that "Andy Serkis’s performance as Caesar is one of the marvels of modern screen acting."[67] Peter Travers of Rolling Stone gave the film 3.5 out of 4 stars, and said that Serkis performed "with a resonant power and depth of feeling that's nearly Shakespearean. Oscar, get busy: Serkis deserves the gold," and went on to say that "War for the Planet of the Apes – No. 9 in the simian cinema canon – is the best of the Apes films since the 1968 original.[68] Eric Kohn of Indiewire gave the film a B+ rating, and praised Matt Reeves's directing, saying "It’s a given that an expensive 21st century sci-fi movie with talking animals, exploding tanks, and jarring machine guns would look and sound great, but Reeves applies these effects with such a measured strategy that they’re always working in service of a greater narrative agenda." Kohn went on to applaud the visuals, cinematography, and musical score, stating that "The breathlessly paced montage of flying bullets and angry monkeys raining down on terrified men, aided by Michael Giacchino’s vibrant score, is a strong indicator of the next-level craftsmanship that distinguishes these movies from so many cacophonous Hollywood spectacles; not only is the action easy to follow, but you care for the motion-captured characters at the center of it, while the humans cower in fear."[69]

text: Accolades[edit]

text:
List of awards and nominations

Award
Date of ceremony
Category
Recipient(s) and nominee(s)
Result
Ref.

Golden Trailer Awards
June 6, 2017
Best Motion/Title Graphics
War for the Planet of the Apes: 20th Century Fox, Wild Card
Nominated
[70][71]

Best Summer 2017 Blockbuster TV Spot

Hollywood Film Awards
November 5, 2017
Hollywood Visual Effects Award
Dan Barrett, Dan Lemmon, Joe Letteri, and Erik Winquist
Won
[72][73]

Hollywood Post Alliance
November 16, 2017
Outstanding Visual Effects - Feature Film
Dan Barrett, Anders Langlands, Dan Lemmon, Joe Letteri, Luke Millar, Erik Winquist, and Weta Digital
Won
[74][75]

Washington D.C. Area Film Critics Association
December 8, 2017
Best Motion Capture Performance
Andy Serkis
Won
[76]

Best Motion Capture Performance
Steve Zahn
Nominated

San Francisco Film Critics Circle
December 10, 2017
Best Actor
Andy Serkis
Won
[77][78]

Best Original Score
Michael Giacchino
Nominated

Chicago Film Critics Association
December 12, 2017
Best Original Score
Michael Giacchino
Nominated
[79]

Seattle Film Critics Society
December 18, 2017
Best Original Score
Michael Giacchino
Nominated
[80][81]

Best Visual Effects
Joe Letteri, Dan Lemmon, Dan Barrett, and Joel Whist
Won

Los Angeles Online Film Critics Society
January 3, 2018
Best Animated / Visual Effect Performance
Andy Serkis
Pending
[82][83]

Best Score
Michael Giacchino

Best Action / War
War for the Planet of the Apes

Best Blockbuster

Best Visual Effects

Houston Film Critics Society
January 6, 2018
Best Actor
Andy Serkis
Pending
[84]

Best Original Score
Michael Giacchino

Best Visual Effects
War for the Planet of the Apes

Critics' Choice Movie Awards
January 11, 2018
Best Action Movie
War for the Planet of the Apes
Pending
[85]

Best Visual Effects

Screen Actors Guild Awards
January 21, 2018
Outstanding Performance by a Stunt Ensemble in a Motion Picture
War for the Planet of the Apes
Pending
[86][87]

Annie Awards
February 3, 2018
Outstanding Achievement for Character Animation in a Live Action Production
Daniel Barrett, Sidney Kombo-Kintombo, Emile Ghorayeb, Luisma Lavin Peredo, and Alessandro Bonora
Pending
[88]

Satellite Awards
February 10, 2018
Best Film Editing
William Hoy
Pending
[89]

Best Original Score
Michael Giacchino

Best Sound
War for the Planet of the Apes

Best Visual Effects

text: Possible fourth film[edit]

text: In October 2016, it was reported that a fourth Planet of the Apes film was being discussed.[90][91]


document_title: Cape of Good Hope

question_text: who gave the name cape of good hope

question_tokens: who gave the name cape of good hope

root

text: Cape of Good Hope

text: History[edit]

text: Eudoxus of Cyzicus (/ˈjuːdəksəs/; Greek: Εὔδοξος, Eúdoxos; fl. c. 130 BC) was a Greek navigator for Ptolemy VIII, king of the Hellenistic Ptolemaic dynasty in Egypt, who found the wreck of a ship in the Indian Ocean that appeared to have come from Gades (today's Cádiz in Spain), rounding the Cape.

tag: p

text: When Eudoxus was returning from his second voyage to India the wind forced him south of the Gulf of Aden and down the coast of Africa for some distance. Somewhere along the coast of East Africa, he found the remains of the ship. Due to its appearance and the story told by the natives, Eudoxus concluded that the ship was from Gades and had sailed anti-clockwise around Africa, passing the Cape and entering the Indian Ocean. This inspired him to repeat the voyage and attempt a circumnavigation of the continent. Organising the expedition on his own account he set sail from Gades and began to work down the African coast. The difficulties were too great, however, and he was obliged to return to Europe.[7]

text: After this failure he again set out to circumnavigate Africa. His eventual fate is unknown. Although some, such as Pliny, claimed that Eudoxus did achieve his goal, the most probable conclusion is that he perished on the journey.[8]

text: In the 1450 Fra Mauro map, the Indian Ocean is depicted as connected to the Atlantic. Fra Mauro puts the following inscription by the southern tip of Africa, which he names the "Cape of Diab", describing the exploration by a ship from the East around 1420:[9][10]

text: "Around 1420 a ship, or junk, from India crossed the Sea of India  towards the Island of Men and the Island of Women, off Cape Diab, between the Green Islands and the shadows. It sailed for 40 days in a south-westerly direction  without ever finding anything other than wind and water. According to these people themselves, the ship  went some 2,000 miles ahead until - once favourable conditions came to an end - it turned round and sailed back to Cape Diab in 70 days".

text: "The ships called junks (lit. "Zonchi") that navigate these seas carry four masts or more, some of which can be raised or lowered, and have 40 to 60 cabins for the merchants and only one tiller. They can navigate without a compass, because they have an astrologer, who stands on the side and, with an astrolabe in hand, gives orders to the navigator". (Text from the Fra Mauro map, 09-P25.)

text: Fra Mauro explained that he obtained the information from "a trustworthy source", who traveled with the expedition, possibly the Venetian explorer Niccolò da Conti who happened to be in Calicut, India at the time the expedition left:

text: "What is more, I have spoken  with a person worthy of trust, who says that  he sailed in an Indian ship caught in the fury  of a tempest  for 40 days out in the Sea of India, beyond the Cape of Soffala and the Green Islands towards west-southwest; and according to the astrologers who act as their guides, they had advanced almost 2,000 miles. Thus one can believe and confirm  what is said by both these and those, and that they had therefore sailed 4,000 miles".

text: Fra Mauro also comments that the account of the expedition, together with the relation by Strabo of the travels of Eudoxus of Cyzicus from Arabia to Gibraltar through the southern Ocean in Antiquity, led him to believe that the Indian Ocean was not a closed sea and that Africa could be circumnavigated by her southern end (Text from Fra Mauro map, 11, G2). This knowledge, together with the map depiction of the African continent, probably encouraged the Portuguese to intensify their effort to round the tip of Africa.

text: In the Early Modern Era, the first European to reach the cape was the Portuguese explorer Bartolomeu Dias on 12 March 1488, who named it the "Cape of Storms" (Cabo das Tormentas). It was later renamed by John II of Portugal as "Cape of Good Hope" (Cabo da Boa Esperança) because of the great optimism engendered by the opening of a sea route to India and the East.

text: The Khoikhoi people lived in the cape area when the Dutch first settled there in 1652. The Khoikhoi had arrived in this area about fifteen hundred years before.[11] The Dutch called them Hottentots, a term that has now come to be regarded as pejorative.

text: Dutch colonial administrator Jan van Riebeeck established a resupply camp for the Dutch East India Company some 50 km north of the cape in Table Bay on 6 April 1652 and this eventually developed into Cape Town. Supplies of fresh food were vital on the long journey around Africa and Cape Town became known as "The Tavern of the Seas".

text: On 31 December 1687 a community of Huguenots (French Protestants) arrived at the Cape of Good Hope from the Netherlands. They had escaped from France and fled to the Netherlands to flee religious persecution in France. One example was Pierre Joubert who came from La Motte-d'Aigues. The Dutch East India Company needed skilled farmers at the Cape of Good Hope and the Dutch Government saw opportunities to settle Huguenots at the Cape and sent them there. The Cape colony gradually grew over the next 150 years or so until it stretched for hundreds of kilometres to the north and north-east.

text: During the Napoleonic Wars, the Dutch Republic was occupied by the French in 1795. Thus the Cape Colony became a French vassal and enemy of the British. Therefore, the United Kingdom invaded and occupied the Cape Colony that same year. The British relinquished control of the territory in 1803 but returned and reoccupied the Colony on 19 January 1806 following the Battle of Blaauwberg. The Dutch ceded the territory to the British in the Anglo-Dutch Treaty of 1814 The Cape was then administered as the Cape Colony and it remained a British colony until it was incorporated into the independent Union of South Africa in 1910 (now known as the Republic of South Africa).

text: The Portuguese government erected two navigational beacons, Dias Cross and Gama Cross, to commemorate Vasco da Gama and Bartolomeu Dias as explorers who as mentioned were the first explorers to reach the cape. When lined up, the crosses point to Whittle Rock (34°21′24.63″S 18°28′26.36″E / 34.3568417°S 18.4739889°E / -34.3568417; 18.4739889), a large, permanently submerged shipping hazard in False Bay. Two other beacons in Simon's Town provide the intersection.

text: Geography[edit]

text: The Cape of Good Hope is at the southern tip of the Cape Peninsula, about 2.3 kilometres (1.4 mi) west and a little south of Cape Point on the south-east corner. Cape Town is about 50 kilometres to the north of the Cape, in Table Bay at the north end of the peninsula.  The peninsula forms the western boundary of False Bay.  Geologically, the rocks found at the two capes, and indeed over much of the peninsula, are part of the Cape Supergroup, and are formed of the same type of sandstones as Table Mountain itself. Both the Cape of Good Hope and Cape Point offer spectacular scenery; the whole of the southernmost portion of the Cape Peninsula is a wild, rugged, scenic and generally unspoiled national park.

text: The term the Cape  has also been used in a wider sense, to indicate the area of the European colony centred on Cape Town, and the later South African province. Since 1994, it has been broken up into three smaller provinces: the Western Cape, Eastern Cape and Northern Cape; parts of the province were also absorbed into the North West.

text: Fauna[edit]

text: With its diverse habitat, ranging from rocky mountain tops to beaches and open sea, the Cape of Good Hope is home to at least 250 species of birds including one of the two mainland colonies of African penguins.

text: "Bush birds" tend to be rather scarce because of the coarse, scrubby nature of fynbos vegetation. When flowering, however, proteas and ericas attract sunbirds, sugarbirds, and other species in search of nectar. For most of the year, there are more small birds in coastal thicket than in fynbos.

text: The Cape of Good Hope section of Table Mountain National Park is home to several species of antelope. Bontebok and eland are easily seen, and red hartebeest can be seen in the grazing lawns in Smitswinkel Flats. Grey rhebok are less commonly seen and are scarce, but may be observed along the beach hills at Olifantsbos. Most visitors are unlikely to ever see either Cape grysbok or klipspringer.

text: The Cape of Good Hope section is home to four Cape mountain zebra. They might be seen by the attentive or lucky visitor, usually in Smitswinkel Flats.

text: There are a wealth of small animals such as lizards, snakes, tortoises and insects. Small mammals include rock hyrax, four-striped grass mouse, water mongoose, Cape clawless otter and fallow deer.

text: The area offers excellent vantage points for whale watching. The southern right whale is the species most likely to be seen in False Bay between June and November. Other species are the humpback whale and Bryde's whale. Seals, dusky dolphins and killer whales have also been seen.

text: The strategic position of the Cape of Good Hope between two major ocean currents, ensures a rich diversity of marine life. There is a difference between the sea life west of Cape Point and that to the east due to the markedly differing sea temperatures.

text: The South African Marine Living Resources Act is strictly enforced throughout the Table Mountain National Park, and especially in marine protected areas. Disturbance or removal of any marine organisms is strictly prohibited between Schusters Bay and Hoek van Bobbejaan, but is allowed in other areas during season and with relevant permits.

text: Chacma baboons[edit]

text: Chacma baboons (Papio ursinus) are the mammals most intimately associated with the Cape of Good Hope. Baboons inside the Cape of Good Hope section of the park are a major tourist attraction. There are 11 troops consisting of about 375 individuals throughout the entire Cape Peninsula. Six of these 11 troops either live entirely within the Cape of Good Hope section of the park, or use the section as part of their range. The Cape Point, Kanonkop, Klein Olifantsbos, and Buffels Bay troops live entirely inside the Cape of Good Hope section of the Park. The Groot Olifantsbos and Plateau Road troops range into the park.

text: Chacma baboons are widely distributed across southern Africa and are classified as ″least concern" in the IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. However, the South African Parks Department states in its publication Mountains in the Sea that the baboon population on the Cape is "critically endangered." This is due to habitat loss, genetic isolation, and conflicts with humans. Cape baboons have been eliminated from the majority of their range across the Cape Peninsula, and the Cape of Good Hope section of Table Mountain National Park provides a sanctuary for the troops that live within its boundaries. It provides relative safety from nearby towns, where people have killed many baboons after the baboons raid their houses looking for food. Baboons are also frequently injured or killed outside of the park by cars and by electrocution on power lines. Inside the park, some management policies such as allowing barbecues and picnics in the baboon home ranges cause detriment to the troops, as they become embroiled in conflicts with guests to the park.

text: Flora[edit]

text: The Cape of Good Hope is an integral part of the Cape Floristic Kingdom, the smallest but richest of the world's six floral kingdoms. This comprises a treasure trove of 1100 species of indigenous plants, of which a number are endemic (occur naturally nowhere else on earth). The main type of fynbos ("fine bush") vegetation at the Cape of Good Hope is Peninsula Sandstone Fynbos, an endangered vegetation type that is endemic to the Cape Peninsula. Coastal Hangklip Sand Fynbos grows on low-lying alkaline sands and, right by the sea, small patches of Cape Flats Dune Strandveld can be found.[12][13]

text: Characteristic fynbos plants include proteas, ericas (heath), and restios (reeds). Some of the most striking and well-known members belong to the Proteacae family, of which up to 24 species occur. These include king protea, sugarbush, tree pincushion and golden cone bush (Leucadendron laureolum).

text: Many popular horticultural plants like pelargoniums, freesias, daisies, lilies and irises also have their origins in fynbos.

text: Legends[edit]

text:
The Cape of Good Hope is the legendary home of The Flying Dutchman. Crewed by tormented and damned ghostly sailors, it is doomed forever to beat its way through the adjacent waters without ever succeeding in rounding the headland.
Adamastor is a Greek-type mythological character invented by the Portuguese poet Luís de Camões in his epic poem Os Lusíadas (first printed in 1572), as a symbol of the forces of nature Portuguese navigators had to overcome during their discoveries and more specifically of the dangers Portuguese sailors faced when trying to round the Cape of Storms.

tag: ul


document_title: List of U.S. states by date of admission to the Union

question_text: what is the youngest state in the usa

question_tokens: what is the youngest state in the usa

text: List of U.S. states[edit]

text:
State
Date
(admitted or ratified)
Formed from

1
 Delaware
000000001787-12-07-0000December 7, 1787[8]
(ratified)
Crown Colony of Delaware[b]

2
 Pennsylvania
000000001787-12-12-0000December 12, 1787[10]
(ratified)
Crown Colony of Pennsylvania

3
 New Jersey
000000001787-12-18-0000December 18, 1787[11]
(ratified)
Crown Colony of New Jersey

4
 Georgia
000000001788-01-02-0000January 2, 1788[8]
(ratified)
Crown Colony of Georgia

5
 Connecticut
000000001788-01-09-0000January 9, 1788[12]
(ratified)
Crown Colony of Connecticut

6
 Massachusetts
000000001788-02-06-0000February 6, 1788[8]
(ratified)
Crown Colony of Massachusetts Bay

7
 Maryland
000000001788-04-28-0000April 28, 1788[8]
(ratified)
Crown Colony of Maryland

8
 South Carolina
000000001788-05-23-0000May 23, 1788[8]
(ratified)
Crown Colony of South Carolina

9
 New Hampshire
000000001788-06-21-0000June 21, 1788[8]
(ratified)
Crown Colony of New Hampshire

10
 Virginia
000000001788-06-25-0000June 25, 1788[8]
(ratified)
Crown Colony of Virginia

11
 New York
000000001788-07-26-0000July 26, 1788[13]
(ratified)
Crown Colony of New York

12
 North Carolina
000000001789-11-21-0000November 21, 1789[14]
(ratified)
Crown Colony of North Carolina

13
 Rhode Island
000000001790-05-29-0000May 29, 1790[8]
(ratified)
Crown Colony of Rhode Island and Providence Plantations

14
 Vermont
000000001791-03-04-0000March 4, 1791[15]
(admitted)
Vermont !Vermont Republic[c]

15
 Kentucky
000000001792-06-01-0000June 1, 1792[16]
(admitted)
Virginia (District of Kentucky: Fayette, Jefferson, and Lincoln counties[d])

16
 Tennessee
000000001796-06-01-0000June 1, 1796[18]
(admitted)
Southwest Territory

17
 Ohio
000000001803-03-01-0000March 1, 1803[19][e]
(admitted)
Northwest Territory (part)

18
 Louisiana
000000001812-04-30-0000April 30, 1812[21]
(admitted)
Orleans !Territory of Orleans

19
 Indiana
000000001816-12-11-0000December 11, 1816
(admitted)
Indiana Territory

20
 Mississippi
000000001817-12-10-0000December 10, 1817[22]
(admitted)
Mississippi Territory

21
 Illinois
000000001818-12-03-0000December 3, 1818[23]
(admitted)
Illinois Territory (part)

22
 Alabama
000000001819-12-14-0000December 14, 1819[24]
(admitted)
Alabama Territory

23
 Maine
000000001820-03-15-0000March 15, 1820[25]
(admitted)
Massachusetts (District of Maine[f])

24
 Missouri
000000001821-08-10-0000August 10, 1821[26]
(admitted)
Missouri Territory (part)

25
 Arkansas
000000001836-06-15-0000June 15, 1836[27]
(admitted)
Arkansas Territory

26
 Michigan
000000001837-01-26-0000January 26, 1837[28]
(admitted)
Michigan Territory

27
 Florida
000000001845-03-03-0000March 3, 1845
(admitted)
Florida Territory

28
 Texas
000000001845-12-29-0000December 29, 1845
(admitted)
Texas !Republic of Texas

29
 Iowa
000000001846-12-28-0000December 28, 1846
(admitted)
Iowa Territory (part)

30
 Wisconsin
000000001848-05-29-0000May 29, 1848[29]
(admitted)
Wisconsin Territory (part)

31
 California
000000001850-09-09-0000September 9, 1850[30]
(admitted)
Unorganized !unorganized territory (part)

32
 Minnesota
000000001858-05-11-0000May 11, 1858[31]
(admitted)
Minnesota Territory (part)

33
 Oregon
000000001859-02-14-0000February 14, 1859
(admitted)
Oregon Territory (part)

34
 Kansas
000000001861-01-29-0000January 29, 1861[32]
(admitted)
Kansas Territory (part)

35
 West Virginia
000000001863-06-20-0000June 20, 1863[33]
(admitted)
Virginia (Trans-Allegheny region counties[g])

36
 Nevada
000000001864-10-31-0000October 31, 1864
(admitted)
Nevada Territory

37
 Nebraska
000000001867-03-01-0000March 1, 1867
(admitted)
Nebraska Territory

38
 Colorado
000000001876-08-01-0000August 1, 1876[36]
(admitted)
Colorado Territory

39[h]
  North Dakota
000000001889-11-02-0000November 2, 1889[38][i]
(admitted)
Dakota Territory (part)

40
 South Dakota
000000001889-11-02-0000November 2, 1889[38][i]
(admitted)
Dakota Territory (part)

41
 Montana
000000001889-11-08-0000November 8, 1889[39]
(admitted)
Montana Territory

42
 Washington
000000001889-11-11-0000November 11, 1889[40]
(admitted)
Washington Territory

43
 Idaho
000000001890-07-03-0000July 3, 1890
(admitted)
Idaho Territory

44
 Wyoming
000000001890-07-10-0000July 10, 1890
(admitted)
Wyoming Territory

45
 Utah
000000001896-01-04-0000January 4, 1896[41]
(admitted)
Utah Territory

46
 Oklahoma
000000001907-11-16-0000November 16, 1907[42]
(admitted)
Oklahoma Territory and Indian Territory

47
 New Mexico
000000001912-01-06-0000January 6, 1912
(admitted)
New Mexico Territory

48
 Arizona
000000001912-02-14-0000February 14, 1912
(admitted)
Arizona Territory

49
 Alaska
000000001959-01-03-0000January 3, 1959
(admitted)
Alaska !Territory of Alaska

50
 Hawaii
000000001959-08-21-0000August 21, 1959
(admitted)
Hawaii !Territory of Hawaii

tag: table

text: Articles of Confederation ratification dates[edit]

text: The Second Continental Congress approved the Articles of Confederation for ratification by the individual states on November 15, 1777. The Articles of Confederation came into force on March 1, 1781, after being ratified by all 13 states. On March 4, 1789, the general government under the Articles was replaced with the federal government under the present Constitution.[43]

text:
State
Date

13 !1
 Virginia
000000001777-12-16-0000December 16, 1777

12 !2
 South Carolina
000000001778-02-05-0000February 5, 1778

08 !3
 New York
000000001778-02-06-0000February 6, 1778

11 !4
 Rhode Island
000000001778-02-09-0000February 9, 1778

01 !5
 Connecticut
000000001778-02-12-0000February 12, 1778

03 !6
 Georgia
000000001778-02-26-0000February 26, 1778

06 !7
 New Hampshire
000000001778-03-04-0000March 4, 1778

10 !8
 Pennsylvania
000000001778-03-05-0000March 5, 1778

05 !9
 Massachusetts
000000001778-03-10-0000March 10, 1778

09 !10
 North Carolina
000000001778-04-05-0000April 5, 1778

07 !11
 New Jersey
000000001778-11-19-0000November 19, 1778

02 !12
 Delaware
000000001779-02-01-0000February 1, 1779

04 !13
 Maryland
000000001781-02-02-0000February 2, 1781


document_title: Man with a Plan (TV series)

question_text: who plays adam's mom on man with a plan

question_tokens: who plays adam 's mom on man with a plan

text: Man with a Plan (TV series)

text: Summary[edit]

text: This section may need to be rewritten entirely to comply with Wikipedia's quality standards. You can help. The discussion page may contain suggestions. (July 2018)

text: Adam Burns is a newly construction worker living in suburban Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, with wife Andi, daughters Katie and Emme, and son Teddy. He looks forward to spending time with his family and hanging out with his friends, who are also co-educators: Lowell, Marie and Ms. Rodriguez. However, his elder daughter Katie, who was away at middle school; Teddy is becoming dimwitted child, whose intelligence is often issues; and youngest daughter Emme is a innocent child who often knows her parents will never let her get away with a lot issues. An old-school father encounters the modern challenges of parenting three school-aged children, marriage and running a general contracting business with his brother after his supportive wife returns to work. He also has to deal with his overbearing parents.[9]

text: The show is about a dad finds out that parenting is harder than he thought after his wife goes back to work and he's left at home to take care of the kids.

text: Cast[edit]

text: Main[edit]

text:
Matt LeBlanc as Adam Burns: The patriarch of the Burns household. Along with his brother, Don, he owns Burns Brothers Construction.
Liza Snyder as Andi Burns: The matriarch of the Burns household. As the series started, Andi went back to work as a medical lab technician.
Grace Kaufman as Kate Burns: The eldest Burns child. At the start of the series, Kate is 13-years-old. She is the sassy, rebellious child, who is often embarrassed by her parents. She’s now 15 in season 2.
Hala Finley as Emme Burns: The youngest child in the Burns family, who is 5-years-old at the start of the series. Emme is the younger, innocent child, who often knows her parents will never let her get away with a lot. She is 6-years old as of season 2.
Matthew McCann as Teddy Burns: The middle child in the Burns family, who is 12-years-old at the start of the series. Teddy is a very dimwitted child, whose intelligence is often ridiculed by the other characters, including his parents. Adam states that Teddy has his Uncle Don’s intelligence.
Jessica Chaffin as Marie Faldonado (episodes 1–13): One of Adam's fellow room parents, who is a promiscuous divorcee with children in both Emme and Kate's classes. After episode thirteen, Marie is never seen or mentioned again.
Matt Cook as Lowell: The other room parent and the Burns' friend. Lowell is a stay-at-home dad who relies on statistics and experts to help parent his children. In "The Three Amigos", he begins working with Adam and Don as their tech specialist after helping them land a lucrative job with a video presentation he created.
Diana-Maria Riva as Mrs. Rodriguez (season 1): Emme's kindergarten teacher and Adam's enemy.
Kevin Nealon as Don Burns: Adam's older brother, who co-owns Burns Brothers Construction alongside Adam. It is mentioned in "The Three Amigos" that Don handles sales for the business. He is very dim-witted like his nephew Teddy. He is married to Marcy, and together they have a son, Mikey, who is an ex-convict living in a studio apartment.
Stacy Keach as Joe Burns (season 2–present; recurring season 1): Adam and Don's father, who moved his camper into Adam and Andi's driveway.

text: Recurring[edit]

text:
Kali Rocha as Marcy Burns, Don's wife.
Swoosie Kurtz as Beverly Burns, Adam and Don's mother.
Christine Woods as Lisa McCaffrey, Adam and Don's main client on a mall construction project.
Sherri Shepherd as Joy, the Burns' neighbor who is also the building inspector on Adam's job site.
Tim Meadows as Rudy, the Burns' neighbor and Joy's husband.

text: Episodes[edit]

text: Series overview[edit]

text: SeasonEpisodesOriginally airedFirst airedLast aired122October 24, 2016 (2016-10-24)May 15, 2017 (2017-05-15)221November 13, 2017 (2017-11-13)May 21, 2018 (2018-05-21)

text: Season 1 (2016–17)[edit]

text:
No.overallNo. inseasonTitleDirected byWritten byOriginal air dateU.S. viewers(millions)11"Pilot"James BurrowsJeff Filgo & Jackie FilgoOctober 24, 2016 (2016-10-24)7.42[10]
When her youngest child Emme starts kindergarten, Andi Burns goes back to work, forcing Adam, her contractor husband, to spend more time at home taking care of their three kids. Adam is clearly out of his element, while the kids want their mom back after spending only one day with their father.
22"Two Tickets to Paradise"James BurrowsJeff Filgo & Jackie FilgoOctober 31, 2016 (2016-10-31)5.95[11]
When a vendor gives Adam two tickets to a Pittsburgh Steelers game, he offers to take his brother and business partner Don as a thank-you for Don covering him at work while he tends to the kids. Andi later sees the tickets and assumes Adam is taking her to celebrate the anniversary of their first date, which was also at a Steelers game, causing Adam to have to decide whom to disappoint.
33"The Puppet Theater"James BurrowsAlex HerschlagNovember 7, 2016 (2016-11-07)6.26[12]
When Mrs. Rodriguez accuses Adam of slacking in his role as Room Parent because he doesn't have time to make puppets for Teacher Appreciation Day, Adam threatens to transfer Emme into the other kindergarten class. This doesn't sit well with Andi, who considers Mrs. Rodriguez a superior teacher and says she had to do a lot of "butt kissing" to get Emme into her class.
44"Un-Dressed"Pamela FrymanJordan Reddout & Gus HickeyNovember 14, 2016 (2016-11-14)6.18[13]
After repeatedly being forced out of the house by Andi and the kids, Adam and Don want to turn the garage into a "man cave", but there's a problem – boxes and boxes of junk that Andi refuses to get rid of because they represent family memories.
55"Thanksgiving"James BurrowsMark GrossNovember 21, 2016 (2016-11-21)5.98[14]
Adam brings Emme's lunch to school and catches Andi secretly meeting with Mrs. Rodriguez about an upcoming Thanksgiving meal for 30 at the school. Andi tells Adam she didn't think he could handle this task, which hurts Adam enough that he wants to prove her wrong.
66"Holey War"James BurrowsTommy JohnaginDecember 5, 2016 (2016-12-05)6.18[15]
When the kids put a hole in the wall with their rowdy play, Adam's and Andi's different approaches to parenting are put to the test. Each tries to get the kids to turn on each other and identify the culprit, but the resolve of their children is surprisingly strong.
77"Winter Has Come"James BurrowsFarhan ArshadDecember 12, 2016 (2016-12-12)6.62[16]
To get out of his usual Christmas chores, Adam convinces Andi's parents to host a family Christmas at their home in Virginia Beach. He orders all of the kids' gifts online and has them delivered to Virginia Beach, but his plan backfires when they get snowed in on the day of their trip. Forced to improvise, Adam has to pull off a "Christmas miracle" to avoid disappointing the kids and angering Andi.
88"Adam Steps Up"Pamela FrymanGregg MettlerDecember 19, 2016 (2016-12-19)6.17[17]
Andi tries to take Emme and Teddy to the zoo, but gets stuck in traffic for hours. This causes Adam to have to deal with Kate getting her first period without Andi's help.
99"What About Bob?"Pamela FrymanTommy JohnaginJanuary 2, 2017 (2017-01-02)6.55[18]
After Andi confesses that one of her new work friends is a man named Bob (Gary Anthony Williams), she is surprised and a little hurt when Adam doesn't exhibit his usual jealousy. She then tells fake stories to enhance Bob's charm and talents, not knowing that Adam was jealous all along and was just trying to hide it.
1010"A Dinner Gone Wrong"Pamela FrymanMark GrossJanuary 16, 2017 (2017-01-16)7.70[19]
The Burns' plans for a couples trip to Las Vegas with Don and Marcy are put in jeopardy when Andi realizes that Marcy is the girl who teased her and gave her an unflattering nickname back in high school. Meanwhile, Teddy stops hanging out with the few friends he has in school to spend all of his free time with his online gaming buddies, making his parents concerned.
1111"The Talk"Pamela FrymanAlex HerschlagJanuary 23, 2017 (2017-01-23)7.69[20]
When Andi and Adam find a topless woman's photo on Teddy's tablet, Andi makes Adam have "the talk" with his son, saying she took care of it with Kate. After an uncomfortable talk that shocks Teddy, Adam learns that the newly body-conscious Kate was the one looking at the topless photo out of curiosity, and that Kate learned about sex from a school health class, not from Andi.
1212"The Three Amigos"Phill LewisJordan Reddout & Gus HickeyFebruary 6, 2017 (2017-02-06)7.25[21]
Adam is less than thrilled when Andi invites Lowell over to watch the hockey game with him and Don, but Adam's attitude changes when he learns Lowell can make a killer multimedia presentation for a construction client the Burns Brothers are trying to woo. Don takes this as a slap in the face, given that he's always handled sales his own way. Elsewhere, Mrs. Rodriguez confesses to Andi that she had an erotic dream about Adam.
1313"Valentine's Day"James BurrowsGregg MettlerFebruary 13, 2017 (2017-02-13)7.20[22]
Adam has every detail for a fancy Valentine's Day dinner with Andi planned out, except getting a babysitter. After striking out with Marie and Lowell, Kate reminds her dad that she's 13 and can babysit. This pleases Adam, but Andi isn't so sure that Kate is ready. After Andi reluctantly agrees, she and Adam go to the restaurant and find that Don has stolen Adam's reservation.
1414"Kate's First Date"Pamela FrymanFarhan ArshadFebruary 20, 2017 (2017-02-20)6.75[23]
Kate is excited about going on her first date with a classmate named Royce, something that Andi approved without consulting Adam. After Adam checks Royce's Instagram page and sees that he may be a bit of a "player", he tries to scare the boy away. Meanwhile, Don can't think of a good gift for Marcy's birthday, so he seeks help from Lowell.
1515"Assisted Living"Pamela FrymanJeff Filgo & Jackie FilgoFebruary 27, 2017 (2017-02-27)6.61[24]
Adam's parents, Joe (Stacy Keach) and Bev (Swoosie Kurtz), stop by in their motor home for a visit. After Joe learns that Adam is now taking care of the kids, he and Bev propose they stay to help, and they begin to live in the Burns' driveway.
1616"The A Team"Pamela FrymanAlex HerschlagMarch 13, 2017 (2017-03-13)6.34[25]
Andi and Adam have Lowell and his wife Jen over for dinner, fully expecting Jen to be as lame as Lowell is, but Jen (Jenna Dewan Tatum) turns out to be pretty and interesting. Later, after Jen and Lowell appear to make up an excuse to leave, Andi and Adam start to think it is themselves who have become the lame couple.
1717"Doctor No"Pamela FrymanGregg MettlerMarch 20, 2017 (2017-03-20)5.32[26]
When Adam discovers that Joe hasn't been to the doctor in almost ten years, he urges his father to make an appointment. Andi soon also discovers that the doctor Adam says he's been going to annually retired five years ago. Joe, Adam and Don all get checkups with a new doctor, and the result is that Joe needs a colonoscopy. Meanwhile, Bev takes advantage of Lowell's kind nature by asking him to drive her everywhere.
1818"The Blame Game"James BurrowsTommy JohnaginApril 10, 2017 (2017-04-10)5.33[27]
Adam and Don learn their wives don't get as mad at their screw-ups if they simply blame them on each other. Things take a turn for the worse for Adam when Andi finds out their scheme, especially because it dredges up baggage from their past.
1919"Spring Fling"Pamela FrymanStory by: Mark GrossApril 17, 2017 (2017-04-17)5.42[28]
A problem arises when Lisa (Christine Woods), the mall construction client, tells Adam that Don isn't professional enough to attend an upcoming meeting with HR and executives, causing Adam to try to find a way to let his brother down easy. With Adam busy, Andi offers to take some time off and be room parent for a while, mainly because she wants to schmooze Mrs. Rodriguez into recommending Emme for the "good" first grade class. Andi regrets this when Mrs. Rodriguez asks her to organize the entire Spring Fling for the kindergarteners.
2020"Dirty Money"James BurrowsStory by: Farhan ArshadTeleplay by: Jordan Reddout & Gus HickeyMay 1, 2017 (2017-05-01)5.36[29]
Adam and Andi regret accepting a loan from Joe after he uses it as an excuse to insert himself into their lives. Bev and Marcy battle over who should host Don's birthday party. Meanwhile, Don panics when he learns from Lowell that Marcy donated his old laptop to the library.
2121"Operation False Freedom"Gail MancusoStory by: Jeff Filgo & Jackie FilgoMay 8, 2017 (2017-05-08)5.16[30]
Convinced that Kate lied to them about going to the library, but unable to prove it, Adam and Andi activate the GPS tracker on her phone. Kate discovers their ploy and throws them off her trail by planting the phone in Don's pocket. Andi and Adam find Kate innocently hanging out with friends at a coffee shop. While still mad that she deceived them, the two agree that Kate should have more freedom now that she's turned 14.
2222"Buzzer Beater"Gail MancusoStory by: Gregg MettlerMay 15, 2017 (2017-05-15)5.73[31]
Upon seeing Don and Marcy with their new granddaughter, Andi gets the itch to have another child. Adam insists they are too old, but after Emme refuses to kiss him when he drops her off at kindergarten, he also gets on board. When they later see Don and Marcy completely frazzled from spending a couple days with an infant, Adam and Andi regret their decision and have to sweat out the results of a pregnancy test.

text: Season 2 (2017–18)[edit]

text:
No.overallNo. inseasonTitleDirected byWritten byOriginal air dateU.S. viewers(millions)231"The Silver Fox"Andy CadiffMark GrossNovember 13, 2017 (2017-11-13)5.38[32]
To give Kate a break from babysitting, Andi hires a young volunteer from her hospital named Sophia (Victoria Justice) to watch the kids. While Adam worries that Sophia will become attracted to a "silver fox" like himself, Andi is more jealous that Kate goes to Sophia for advice. Sophia later tells Adam she has the hots for him, but when he tells Andi, she doesn't believe him.
242"Andi's Boyfriend"Andy CadiffTommy JohnaginNovember 20, 2017 (2017-11-20)5.44[33]
Adam gets a visit from Pastor Carl (Jonathan Adams), who is making amends for a past gambling addiction. Pastor Carl says he gambled away money that he was supposed to use to renew his license to wed people, meaning Adam and Andi are not legally married. Making matters worse, Pastor Carl was not Andi's first choice, but the frugal Adam hired him because he was cheaper. Adam tries to set up a renewal of vows with a licensed official, without telling Andi about Carl.
253"The Parents Strike Back"Andy CadiffRob Des HotelNovember 27, 2017 (2017-11-27)5.70[34]
Frustrated by the messes in their kids' bedrooms, Adam and Andi decide to withhold allowances until the rooms are cleaner. Kate convinces her younger siblings they can break their parents by just letting the filth build up even more, so the kids tell mom and dad they are on strike. Taking a tip from Joe, Adam and Andi decide to retaliate by making things as miserable as possible for their children.
264"Into the Weeds"Gail MancusoJeff Filgo & Jackie FilgoDecember 4, 2017 (2017-12-04)6.42[35]
When Adam finds out that a boy Kate is dating was caught by his mother possessing marijuana, he wants to be strict with Kate while Andi opts for a more relaxed approach. Adam learns that Joe, who was always strict with him and Don about drugs, has a pot prescription for his arthritis. Things get interesting when Adam unknowingly eats some of Joe's "special" gummy candy.
275"Battle of the Sexists"Andy CadiffEthan Sandler & Adrian WennerDecember 11, 2017 (2017-12-11)5.70[36]
Andi accuses Adam and Don of being sexist when they only interview male candidates for a shop foreman position on the mall project. Adam soon hires a female named Zara (Lilah Richcreek), partly to please Andi but also because she is the most qualified for the job. Andi regrets her accusation against Adam when Don recognizes the pretty new shop foreman as a former dancer at a strip club. Meanwhile, Adam and Andi fight the school to allow Kate to play on the boys soccer team.
286"Adam Gets Neighborly"Victor GonzalezTommy Johnagin & Farhan ArshadDecember 18, 2017 (2017-12-18)5.61[37]
After Adam has alienated most of the neighbors, Andi suggests they start fresh with new neighbors Joy (Sherri Shepherd) and Rudy (Tim Meadows), who have just moved in. But there's a problem: Adam has already gotten on the bad side of Joy, a building inspector, when she visited his job site.
297"We Can Be Heroes"Victor GonzalezGregg MettlerJanuary 15, 2018 (2018-01-15)6.68[38]
Adam and Andi experience money problems with Teddy needing glasses and Kate needing braces. The two make a budget and decide to give up some luxuries, mainly Adam's cable sports subscription, which has Don, Joe and Lowell upset because they are always at the house watching games. Adam later forces Andi to give up her expensive hairdresser, after Joe discovers she had it listed as a necessity, not a luxury.
308"Lice Lice Baby"Gail MancusoFarhan ArshadJanuary 22, 2018 (2018-01-22)6.74[39]
Adam worries about how Lisa, his boss at the mall job site, will react when he has to bring Teddy and Emme to work. He gets even more worried when the Burns kids are diagnosed with lice, and he later sees Lisa scratching her head at an awards banquet. Meanwhile, Andi realizes how distant she's become from her kids when she is the only family member to not catch lice from them.
319"The Gunfight"Andy CardiffGregg MettlerJanuary 29, 2018 (2018-01-29)6.64[40]
Joe and Beverly prepare to watch the kids for a few days so that Adam and Andi can take a much-needed trip to Las Vegas. Andi worries a bit when Joe says he plans to teach Teddy to shoot Adam's old BB gun, then wants to pull the plug on the vacation when she learns that Joe also has real guns in the house. Joe and Adam take Andi to a shooting range to show her that guns are okay in responsible hands, but then it's Adam who worries when he sees Joe mistake his gun for his cellphone. Elsewhere, Don brings the BB gun to Lowell's house to help eradicate the woodchuck that is eating Lowell's tomatoes, but he ends up shooting Lowell.
3210"Adam's Turtle-y Awesome Valentine's Day"Gail MancusoJessica RunckFebruary 5, 2018 (2018-02-05)6.46[41]
When Andi convinces Adam that she does not want to exchange gifts for Valentine’s Day, Adam takes the gold necklace with pictures of their three children that he’d already bought for Andi and gives it to Beverly. Unknown to Adam, Andi had just discovered the hidden necklace moments before Adam’s decision, and she is now looking forward to receiving it. Beverly is so giddy about the necklace that Adam is stuck with a difficult decision.
3311"Guess Who's Coming to Breakfast, Lunch and Dinner"Victor GonzalezEthan Sandler & Adrian WennerFebruary 26, 2018 (2018-02-26)5.92[42]
When Adam gets tired of constantly having to accompany Beverly at bingo, he suggests to Andi that she get his mom a job as a hospital volunteer. Beverly loves the job, only to make Joe feel lonely. To compensate for his loneliness, Joe starts spending his time with Adam and Andi and expects them to wait on him like Beverly used to do.
3412"Everybody's a Winner"Joanna KernsMark GrossMarch 5, 2018 (2018-03-05)5.90[43]
When a senior asks Kate to the spring dance at school, Adam is staunchly against it while Andi says Kate is mature enough to let her go. While discussing the issue with Joe, Lowell and Don, Adam learns Joe's "silent negotiation" technique. Adam tries it on Andi and, sure enough, she talks herself into realizing it's a bad idea to let Kate go on the date. But neighbor Joy soon tips off Andi to what Adam did, because her husband uses it on her, and she gives Andi a way to fight back.
3513"The Party Planner"Ben WeissRob DesHotelMarch 12, 2018 (2018-03-12)6.35[44]
Following several years of failed, uninspired gifts for Andi's birthday, Adam decides to throw her a party with their family members, as well as Lowell and his wife Jen. When Don and Marcy pass on the party because of Marcy's previous engagement, Adam replaces them with Joy and Rudy, despite Andi's protest that they should reschedule. While Adam insists that he can handle planning the party, Don and Marcy meet Joy and Rudy at a grocery store, throwing a wrench into Adam's scheme.
3614"March Madness"Victor GonzalezTommy JohnaginMarch 19, 2018 (2018-03-19)5.45[45]
When their schedules don't line up and they realize the kids will be alone for two hours after school, Adam and Andi hire Rudy to install security cameras inside and outside the house. Adam and Andi inadvertently make a sex tape, which inspires them to make another. The two then go on a wild chase for the tablet that has the footage when Beverly borrows it because hers broke down, then gives it to Don to give back to Adam. The tablet is subsequently picked up by Lowell, who mistook it for his own when he was at Don's house.
3715"Out With The In-Laws"Victor GonzalezJackie Filgo & Jeff FilgoMarch 26, 2018 (2018-03-26)5.44[46]
Adam and Andi think they can finally be happily alone for a holiday when their feuding parents each back out of coming to the house on Easter Sunday because the other set of parents will be there. But the plans are threatened when Joe and Bev scheme to take the kids to Disney World for the holiday, while Andi's parents (Dan Lauria and Nancy Lenehan) arrive a day early to claim "Easter Eve" for themselves.
3816"April Fools"Pamela FrymanEthan Sandler & Adrian WennerApril 9, 2018 (2018-04-09)5.48[47]
While Adam, the kids, Don and Joe all enjoy pulling April Fool's pranks, Andi reminds Adam that she hates pranks due to a traumatic experience with one when she was seven years old. Adam is sure that an unscary, funny prank will change Andi's mind, but his attempts fail. Adam would have done better to be on his guard, because Andi has a surprise up her sleeve.
3917"King for a Day"Victor GonzalezJessica RunckApril 16, 2018 (2018-04-16)5.06[48]
After Andi discourages Adam from giving Emme a princess gown because it reinforces undesired female stereotypes, she mentions a lie she told Kate years ago for the same reason. Andi then defends her practice of protecting her children through little white lies, which she calls "love bubbles". Adam seems to accept her explanation, until he realizes that Andi does the same to him, particularly with regard to a recliner he wanted to buy that she said was unsafe.
4018"The Burns System"Victor GonzalezFarhan ArshadApril 30, 2018 (2018-04-30)4.79[49]
Adam is excited when Joe needs a new car and takes him along to learn the "Burns System" at the dealership, given that Joe has always had Don accompany him before. But when they get there, Adam is upset to learn that Joe asked Don to arrive at the last minute and be the "closer". Elsewhere, Andi and Marcy try to get rid of a pet snake that Emme brought home.
4119"We Hate Money"Victor GonzalezRob Des HotelMay 7, 2018 (2018-05-07)4.91[50]
Mall client Lisa tells Adam and Don that she has to go away to work on herself, and that her replacement wants a different contractor to take over for Burns Brothers. With no other prospects, Adam and Don decide they need to make a commercial, with Lowell's help. When the filming starts, Don is fine but Adam freezes on camera, leading to his part having to be played by local actor Leif Forrest (Geoff Stults). Meanwhile, as the only current breadwinner, Andi is determined to ask for a raise at her job, only to learn that her department is being gutted and she's getting laid off.
4220"We Got a Girl"Pamela FrymanMark GrossMay 14, 2018 (2018-05-14)5.46[51]
After Adam and Andi determine that Lisa's issues stem from her being lonely, they enlist help from Don, Marcy and Lowell to find a man for her in hopes of getting Adam back to work. They ultimately decide to set up Lisa with Leif Forrest, who helped on the Burns Brothers commercial, only to later learn that Leif is Lisa's ex-husband.
4321"Family Business"Victor GonzalezGregg MettlerMay 21, 2018 (2018-05-21)5.69[52]
When Andi successfully helps Bev and Joe design their kitchen remodel and Adam builds it, Andi and Adam begin to think they might have a future working together professionally rebuilding and selling old houses.

text: Production[edit]

text: Development[edit]

text: On February 3, 2016, the production officially received a pilot order and James Burrows would direct the pilot.[53] The pilot was written by Jackie and Jeff Filgo who was also set to executive produce alongside with Michael Rotenberg and Troy Zien. Production companies involved with the pilot include Double Double Bonus Entertainment, CBS Television Studios, and 3 Arts Entertainment. On May 12, 2016, it was announced that CBS had given the production, now titled Man with a Plan, a series order.[54] A day after that, it was announced that the series would premiere in the fall of 2016 and air on Mondays at 8:30 P.M.

text: On March 23, 2017, CBS renewed the series for a second season[55] which premiered on November 13, 2017.[56] On November 27, 2017, CBS ordered eight additional episodes for the second season, bringing the total to 21 episodes.[57] On May 12, 2018, CBS renewed the series for a third season.[58]

text: Casting[edit]

text: Casting for the main cast started in February 2016 with Matt LeBlanc and ended the next month with Matt Cook and Grace Kaufman.[59] On May 13, 2016, it was reported that Jenna Fischer, who was originally cast to play the female lead opposite LeBlanc in the series, had exited and her role would be recast.[60] On August 1, it was announced Liza Snyder would replace Fischer in the role.[61] On August 2, 2016, it was reported that Kevin Nealon had joined the cast in a main role.[62]

text: Reception[edit]

text: Man with a Plan has received generally negative reviews from critics. On the review aggregator Rotten Tomatoes, the series has an approval rating of 21%, based on 28 reviews, with an average rating of 3.5/10. The site's critical consensus reads, "Man with a Plan's flawed, unimaginative writing fails to properly showcase the charm of its unfortunately underperforming lead."[63] On Metacritic, which assigns a normalized rating, the series has a score 36 out of 100, based on 25 critics, indicating "generally unfavorable reviews".[64]

text: Seasonal ratings[edit]

text:
Season
Timeslot (ET)

Episodes

First aired

Last aired
TV season
Rank
Avg. viewers(millions)
18–49 rating(average)

Date

Viewers(millions)

Date

Viewers(millions)

1
Monday 8:30 pm

22

October 24, 2016 (2016-10-24)

7.42[10]

May 8, 2017 (2017-05-08)

5.73[31]
2016–17
47
7.41
1.5[65]

2

21

November 13, 2017 (2017-11-13)

5.38[32]

May 21, 2018 (2018-05-21)

5.69[52]
2017–18
61
6.78
1.2[66]

text: Ratings[edit]

text: Season 1 (2016–17)[edit]

text:
No.

Title

Air date
Rating/share(18–49)
Viewers(millions)

1

"Pilot"

October 24, 2016
1.6/5
7.42[10]

2

"Two Tickets to Paradise"

October 31, 2016
1.3/5
5.95[11]

3

"The Puppet Theatre"

November 7, 2016
1.4/4
6.26[12]

4

"Un-Dressed"

November 14, 2016
1.3/5
5.18[13]

5

"Thanksgiving"

November 21, 2016
1.3/5
5.98[14]

6

"Holey War"

December 5, 2016
1.2/4
6.18[15]

7

"Winter Has Come"

December 12, 2016
1.2/4
6.62[16]

8

"Adam Steps Up"

December 19, 2016
1.1/4
6.17[17]

9

"What About Bob?"

January 2, 2017
1.2/4
6.55[18]

10

"A Dinner Gone Wrong"

January 16, 2017
1.5/5
7.70[19]

11

"The Talk"

January 23, 2017
1.6/5
7.69[20]

12

"The Three Amigos"

February 6, 2017
1.4/5
7.25[21]

13

"Valentine's Day"

February 13, 2017
1.4/5
7.20[22]

14

"Kate's First Date"

February 20, 2017
1.3/5
6.75[23]

15

"Assisted Living"

February 27, 2017
1.2/4
6.62[24]

16

"The A Team"

March 13, 2017
1.1/4
6.34[25]

17

"Doctor No"

March 20, 2017
1.0/4
5.32[26]

18

"The Blame Game"

April 10, 2017
1.0/4
5.33[27]

19

"Spring Fling"

April 17, 2017
1.0/4
5.42[28]

20

"Dirty Money"

May 1, 2017
1.0/4
5.36[29]

21

"Operation False Freedom"

May 8, 2017
1.0/4
5.16[30]

22

"Buzzer Beater"

May 15, 2017
1.1/4
5.73[31]

text: Season 2 (2017–18)[edit]

text:
No.

Title

Air date
Rating/share(18–49)
Viewers(millions)

1

"The Silver Fox"

November 13, 2017
1.0/4
5.38[32]

2

"Andi's Boyfriend"

November 20, 2017
1.0/4
5.44[33]

3

"The Parents Strike Back"

November 27, 2017
1.1/4
5.70[34]

4

"Into the Weeds"

December 4, 2017
1.1/4
6.42[35]

5

"Battle of the Sexists"

December 11, 2017
1.0/4
5.70[36]

6

"Adam Gets Neighborly"

December 18, 2017
0.9/3
5.61[37]

7

"We Can Be Heroes"

January 15, 2018
1.2/5
6.68[38]

8

"Lice Lice Baby"

January 22, 2018
1.2/4
6.74[39]

9

"The Gunfight"

January 29, 2018
1.1/4
6.64[40]

10

"Adam's Turtle-y Awesome Valentine's Day"

February 5, 2018
1.1/4
6.46[41]

11

"Guess Who's Coming to Breakfast, Lunch and Dinner"

February 26, 2018
1.0/4
5.92[42]

12

"Everybody's a Winner"

March 5, 2018
1.0/4
5.90[43]

13

"The Party Planner"

March 12, 2018
1.0/4
6.35[44]

14

"March Madness"

March 19, 2018
0.9/4
5.45[45]

15

"Out With the In-Laws"

March 26, 2018
0.9/4
5.44[46]

16

"April Fools"

April 9, 2018
0.9/4
5.48[47]

17

"King for a Day"

April 16, 2018
0.8/3
5.06[48]

18

"The Burns System"

April 30, 2018
0.8/3
4.79[49]

19

"We Hate Money"

May 7, 2018
0.9/4
4.91[50]

20

"We Got a Girl"

May 14, 2018
1.0/4
5.46[51]

21

"Family Business"

May 21, 2018
1.0/4
5.69[52]


document_title: 2018 FIFA World Cup Final

question_text: who won fifa world cup 2018 final match

question_tokens: who won fifa world cup 2018 final match

text: 2018 FIFA World Cup Final

text: Venue[edit]

text: The final was played at the Luzhniki Stadium in Moscow, located in the Khamovniki District of the Central Administrative Okrug. An expanded version of the stadium was named as the provisional final venue in Russia's World Cup bid, which was selected by FIFA on 2 December 2010.[5] Luzhniki Stadium was confirmed as the final venue on 14 December 2012, following a meeting of the now-erswthile FIFA Executive Committee held in Tokyo, Japan.[6] The stadium also hosted six other matches, including the opening match on 14 June, three group stage matches, a round of 16 match, and the second semi-final match.[7][8]

text: The Luzhniki Stadium, previously known as the Grand Arena of the Central Lenin Stadium until 1992, originally opened in 1956 as part of the Luzhniki Olympic Complex to host the USSR Summer Spartakiade.[9][10] The stadium has served as the national stadium of the country, hosting many matches for the Russia national team and its predecessor, the Soviet Union national team.[7][11] In the past, the stadium has been used as the home ground at various times for CSKA Moscow, Torpedo Moscow, and Spartak Moscow. However, there are currently no clubs based at the stadium.[11][12]

text: The stadium has hosted numerous international sporting events. The stadium was the main venue for the 1980 Summer Olympics, hosting the opening and closing ceremonies, athletics, football (four matches, including the gold medal match), and the Individual Jumping Grand Prix.[10][13] The stadium hosted the 1999 UEFA Cup Final, as well as the 2008 UEFA Champions League Final.[14] Other events staged include the Spartakiad, the final game of the 1957 Ice Hockey World Championships, the 1973 Summer Universiade, the Friendship Games in 1984, the 1986 Goodwill Games, and the 1998 World Youth Games.[15][16] In 2013, the Rugby World Cup Sevens and World Athletics Championships were held at the ground in front of sparse crowds.[17] The stadium has also served as a venue for many concerts, including Western artists after the fall of the Soviet Union,[13] as well as political rallies.[18]

text: Rated as a category 4 stadium by UEFA, the Luzhniki Stadium is the largest in Russia and at the 2018 World Cup; it usually has a maximum capacity of 81,006, but was reduced to 78,011 for the World Cup.[11][19] This also makes the stadium the largest in Eastern Europe,[20] and among the largest in Europe.[21][22] To prepare for the World Cup, the stadium was closed for extensive renovations in August 2013.[23] The spectator stands were moved closer to the pitch, which was converted from artificial turf to natural grass, after the removal of the athletic track. The historic facade of the stadium was preserved due to its architectural value, while the roof was upgraded using a new polycarbonate skin with exterior lighting.[24][25] The Luzhniki did not host any matches at the 2017 FIFA Confederations Cup due to the ongoing project.[26] The renovation project cost €341 million,[27] and the stadium officially reopened with an international friendly between Russia and Argentina on 11 November 2017.[28]

text: Background[edit]

text: After Uruguay and Brazil were eliminated in the quarter-finals, a European side was ensured to win the World Cup for a fourth consecutive tournament.[29] The match was also the ninth all-European World Cup final, which most recently occurred in 2006 and 2010.[30][31]

text: The match was the third World Cup final for France, first appearing in the 1998 final as hosts, winning 3–0 against reigning champions Brazil. France also contested the 2006 final, where they lost to Italy in a penalty shoot-out following a 1–1 draw.[32][33] Only Germany (eight) and Italy (six) have reached more finals among European nations.[34] Didier Deschamps became the fourth person to reach a World Cup final as both a player and as a manager, after Franz Beckenbauer, Rudi Völler, and Mário Zagallo.[35]

text: The match was the first World Cup final for Croatia in their fifth World Cup appearance. They are the 10th European country and 13th overall to reach a World Cup final, and the first new finalist since Spain in 2010.[36][37] With a population of 4.17 million, Croatia is the second least-populated country to play in a World Cup final, behind Uruguay (victors in 1930 and 1950).[38] Croatia's previous best performance was as World Cup debutants in 1998, when they finished in third place,[39] losing 2–1 to hosts France in the semi-finals before beating the Netherlands 2–1 in the third place play-off.[40][41]

text: The final was the sixth meeting between France and Croatia, with France undefeated in the previous fixtures with three wins and two draws.[42] The two sides first met in the 1998 World Cup semi-final, with hosts France winning 2–1.[43] Their only other competitive meeting was during the group stage of Euro 2004, which finished as a 2–2 draw. Their next, and most recent, meeting was in a March 2011 friendly match, which finished as a 0–0 draw.[44]

text: Route to the final[edit]

text:
France

Round

Croatia

Opponents

Result

Group stage

Opponents

Result

 Australia

2–1

Match 1

 Nigeria

2–0

 Peru

1–0

Match 2

 Argentina

3–0

 Denmark

0–0

Match 3

 Iceland

2–1

Group C winners

Pos

Team[ vte ]

Pld

Pts

1

 France

3

7

2

 Denmark

3

5

3

 Peru

3

3

4

 Australia

3

1

Source: FIFA

Final standings

Group D winners

Pos

Team[ vte ]

Pld

Pts

1

 Croatia

3

9

2

 Argentina

3

4

3

 Nigeria

3

3

4

 Iceland

3

1

Source: FIFA

Opponents

Result

Knockout stage

Opponents

Result

 Argentina

4–3

Round of 16

 Denmark

1–1 (a.e.t.) (3–2 p)

 Uruguay

2–0

Quarter-finals

 Russia

2–2 (a.e.t.) (4–3 p)

 Belgium

1–0

Semi-finals

 England

2–1 (a.e.t.)

text: France[edit]

text: France entered the 2018 World Cup as one of the favourites to win the tournament, particularly for their strong squad featuring several youth talents.[45] The team finished as runners-up to Portugal at Euro 2016, which the country hosted.[45] The team qualified for the World Cup proper after finishing first in their qualification group, ahead of Sweden and the Netherlands.[45]

text: At the World Cup, France were drawn into Group C alongside Australia, Denmark, and Peru. The team defeated Australia 2–1 in its opening match in Kazan, with a penalty called by the video assistant referee and scored by Antoine Griezmann followed by an own goal deflected by Australian defender Aziz Behich.[46] In its second match, France won 1–0 over Peru on a goal scored by 19-year-old Kylian Mbappé, who became France's youngest goalscorer at a major tournament.[47][48] The victory over Peru qualified France for the knockout stage, allowing manager Didier Deschamps to rest several starting players for the final group stage match against Denmark. The match at the Luzhniki Stadium in Moscow finished in a scoreless draw marked by misplaced passes and goalkeeping mistakes.[49] The team's group stage performance was characterised as lacking cohesion and failing to use its star players effectively.[50]

text: Finishing as winners of Group C, France were matched in the round of 16 with Group D runners-up Argentina. France won 4–3 on two goals scored by Mbappé, who also won a penalty in the opening minutes.[51] Defender Benjamin Pavard also scored in the match, with his strike later voted as goal of the tournament.[52] Mbappé's performance drew comparisons to Brazilian stars Ronaldo and Pelé, who in 1958 was the most recent teenager to score twice in a World Cup match.[53][54] In the quarter-finals, France defeated Uruguay 2–0 on a goal and assist by Griezmann.[55] The team advanced to a semi-final match against Belgium in St. Petersburg, which ended in a 1–0 win for the French with a corner kick headed into the goal by defender Samuel Umtiti.[56] The French team, particularly Mbappé, were criticised for timewasting and other unsportsmanlike conduct in the semi-finals after taking the lead in the second half.[57]

text: Croatia[edit]

text: Croatia entered the 2018 World Cup as dark horses, with their golden generation led by forward Mario Mandžukić and midfielders Marcelo Brozović, Mateo Kovačić, Luka Modrić, Ivan Perišić, and Ivan Rakitić.[58][59] The team had been eliminated in the group stage at the 2014 tournament,[60] but reached the round of 16 at Euro 2016.[61] In their qualification group, Croatia scored 15 goals and finished second to Iceland after appointing manager Zlatko Dalić amid a series of poor away results.[62][63] However, Croatia managed to advance past Greece in the qualifying play-offs, winning the first leg 4–1 and drawing 0–0 in the second.[64]

text: Croatia were drawn into Group D with Argentina, Iceland, and Nigeria, considered a difficult draw due to Argentina's talent and Nigeria's historic performances.[62][65] In their opening match, the team earned a 2–0 victory over Nigeria, with an own goal by Oghenekaro Etebo caused by Mandžukić and a penalty scored by Modrić.[66] Striker Nikola Kalinić refused to enter the match as a substitute, citing back pain as his reason for not playing, and was expelled from the team by Dalić, leaving Croatia with only 22 players for the remainder of the tournament.[67] Croatia went on to upset Argentina with a 3–0 win, thanks to an effective game plan that used the "height and strength of their players to dominate the game in aerial duels", playing a "pressing game, counter-attacking, and more direct play in possession" to counter Lionel Messi, scoring all their goals in the second half.[68] Croatia finished atop the group with a 2–1 win over Iceland, resting several starting players in the final group match.[69][70][71]

text: In the round of 16, Croatia played Denmark and earned a 1–1 draw after the two teams exchanged goals in the opening five minutes and a missed penalty from Modrić in extra time. Croatia won the subsequent penalty shootout 3–2, with three saves by goalkeeper Danijel Subašić and two saves by Danish goalkeeper Kasper Schmeichel.[72][73] The team advanced to a quarter-final fixture with hosts Russia, who had defeated Spain in the round of 16, in Sochi. The Russians scored their first in the 31st minute, but Andrej Kramarić equalised for Croatia eight minutes later and kept the score at 1–1 through the end of regular time. Croatia took a 2–1 lead in extra time with a header by Domagoj Vida, but Russian defender Mário Fernandes equalised in stoppage time to trigger a penalty shootout. The shootout was won 4–3 by Croatia after two misses by Russia and a shot by Modrić that rebounded off the post and into the goal.[74][75] Croatia became the second team in World Cup to win two shootouts in a tournament, after Argentina in 1990.[76] After the match, a video of Vida saying "Glory to Ukraine" prompted controversy among Russians and a warning from FIFA's disciplinary committee, which enforces a ban on political slogans.[77] Croatia's semi-final match against England at the Luzhniki began as they conceded a free kick goal by English defender Kieran Trippier in the fifth minute. Croatia resisted several attempts by England to score a second goal in the first half. Croatia managed an equalising goal of their own through a shot by Perišić in the 68th minute. The match was won 2–1 by Croatia after a 109th-minute goal by Mandžukić. This made Croatia the first team to earn three come-from-behind victories in the FIFA World Cup, all three matches also going into extra time.[78][79]

text: Pre-match[edit]

text: Match ball[edit]

text: The official match ball for the final was the Telstar Mechta (Russian: Мечта;lit. dream or ambition), a red-coloured variant of the Adidas Telstar 18 introduced for the knockout stage.[80][81] The Telstar family, a homage to the original 1970 Telstar, was designed similarly to 2014's Brazuca, but with longer seams and additional panels.[82]

text: Officials[edit]

text: Argentine referee Néstor Pitana was selected to lead the officiating team for the final, which was announced on 12 July 2018 by the FIFA Referees Committee. The final is Pitana's fifth match as referee during the tournament, becoming only the second referee to officiate the opening match and the final.[83] Pitana officiated an additional group stage match, along with two knockout stage matches in the round of 16 and quarter-finals. Pitana has been a FIFA referee since 2010, and officiated four matches at the 2014 FIFA World Cup. His compatriots Hernán Maidana and Juan Pablo Belatti were chosen as assistant referees. Björn Kuipers of the Netherlands was chosen as the fourth official, with his fellow countryman Erwin Zeinstra as the reserve assistant.[2] Italian Massimiliano Irrati was named the video assistant referee, presiding over the first use of the technology at a World Cup final. Argentine Mauro Vigliano was chosen as the assistant video assistant referee, while Carlos Astroza of Chile was appointed as the second assistant and Danny Makkelie of the Netherlands as the third assistant.[84]

text: Closing ceremony[edit]

text: The tournament's closing ceremony was held prior to the start of the match, featuring a performance of "Live It Up", the official song of the tournament, by Will Smith, Nicky Jam, and Era Istrefi. Jam also performed "X (Equis)", wearing a shirt honouring J Balvin.[85] Opera singer Aida Garifullina sang the Russian folk song "Kalinka", accompanied by a children's choir and percussion section that featured a cameo by Brazilian star Ronaldinho.[86]

text: Match[edit]

text: Summary[edit]

text: Croatia kicked off the final at 18:00 local time (15:00 UTC), with the ground temperature reported at 27 °C (81 °F). The match was played through a minor thunderstorm, which produced several visible lightning strikes.[87] An audience of 78,011 spectators at the Luzhniki Stadium watched the match, including ten heads of state, among them Russian president Vladimir Putin, French president Emmanuel Macron, and Croatian president Kolinda Grabar-Kitarović.[88] The starting line-ups for both teams were identical to those fielded in the semi-finals.[89]

text: Croatia had the majority of possession and chances early in the first half, with the ball staying mostly in France's half.[90][91] An attack by French midfielder Antoine Griezmann was stopped by a challenge from Marcelo Brozović, which was called as a foul despite claims that Griezmann dived. In the incident, Griezmann began falling before Brozović made contact.[92][93][94] Griezmann took the ensuing 30-yard (27 m) free kick, which was diverted by the head of Mario Mandžukić into the left corner of his own net to give France the lead in the 18th minute.[95] It was the first own goal to be scored in a World Cup final and the 12th of the tournament, the most of any World Cup.[96]

text: Ten minutes later, Croatia equalised with a left-footed strike by Ivan Perišić to the right corner of the net, assisted by Domagoj Vida after a free kick by Luka Modrić on the right. In the 34th minute, a penalty was awarded against Croatia after Perišić's handball in the box from a corner on the right was reviewed by the video assistant referee.[95] Griezmann scored the penalty in the 38th minute with a low finish to the left, giving France a 2–1 lead at half-time; the first half's three goals were the most of any World Cup final since 1974.[97] France led at half-time despite having only one shot on goal and with only 34% of possession.[96]

text: A Croatian counter-attack was stopped early in the second half after several pitch invaders were chased onto the field by security officers; Russian feminist rock band and protest group Pussy Riot claimed responsibility for the interruption.[98] In the 59th minute, France extended their lead to 3–1 with a left-foot strike to the left of the net from the edge of the penalty area by Paul Pogba after his initial shot had been blocked. Six minutes later, Kylian Mbappé scored France's fourth goal, with a low right-foot shot from outside the box to the left of the net; Mbappé became the first teenager to score in a World Cup final since Pelé in 1958.[91] Croatia scored their second goal in the 69th minute, as from a back-pass, France goalkeeper Hugo Lloris failed to dribble around Mandžukić, who poked the loose ball into the unguarded net with his right leg. Despite a late push by Croatia, the match finished as a 4–2 victory for France and the highest-scoring World Cup final since 1966.[90][97]

text: Details[edit]

text:
France

4–2

 Croatia

Mandžukić  18' (o.g.)
Griezmann  38' (pen.)
Pogba  59'
Mbappé  65'

Report

Perišić  28'
Mandžukić  69'

text:
France[99]

Croatia[99]

text:
GK
1
Hugo Lloris (c)

RB
2
Benjamin Pavard

CB
4
Raphaël Varane

CB
5
Samuel Umtiti

LB
21
Lucas Hernández
 41'

CM
6
Paul Pogba

CM
13
N'Golo Kanté
 27'
 55'

RW
10
Kylian Mbappé

AM
7
Antoine Griezmann

LW
14
Blaise Matuidi

 73'

CF
9
Olivier Giroud

 81'

Substitutions:

MF
15
Steven Nzonzi

 55'

MF
12
Corentin Tolisso

 73'

FW
18
Nabil Fekir

 81'

Manager:

Didier Deschamps

GK
23
Danijel Subašić

RB
2
Šime Vrsaljko
 90+2'

CB
6
Dejan Lovren

CB
21
Domagoj Vida

LB
3
Ivan Strinić

 81'

CM
7
Ivan Rakitić

CM
11
Marcelo Brozović

RW
18
Ante Rebić

 71'

AM
10
Luka Modrić (c)

LW
4
Ivan Perišić

CF
17
Mario Mandžukić

Substitutions:

FW
9
Andrej Kramarić

 71'

FW
20
Marko Pjaca

 81'

Manager:

Zlatko Dalić

text:
Man of the Match:
Antoine Griezmann (France)[1]
Assistant referees:[99]
Hernán Maidana (Argentina)
Juan Pablo Belatti (Argentina)
Fourth official:
Björn Kuipers (Netherlands)
Reserve assistant referee:
Erwin Zeinstra (Netherlands)
Video assistant referee:
Massimiliano Irrati (Italy)
Assistant video assistant referees:
Mauro Vigliano (Argentina)
Carlos Astroza (Chile)
Danny Makkelie (Netherlands)

Match rules[100]

90 minutes
30 minutes of extra time if necessary
Penalty shoot-out if scores still level
Maximum of twelve named substitutes
Maximum of three substitutions, with a fourth allowed in extra time

text: Statistics[edit]

text:
First half[101]

Statistic

France

Croatia

Goals scored

2

1

Total shots

1

7

Shots on target

1

1

Saves

0

0

Ball possession

39%

61%

Corner kicks

1

4

Fouls committed

8

7

Offsides

1

0

Yellow cards

2

0

Red cards

0

0

Second half[3]

Statistic

France

Croatia

Goals scored

2

1

Total shots

7

8

Shots on target

5

2

Saves

1

3

Ball possession

39%

61%

Corner kicks

1

2

Fouls committed

6

6

Offsides

0

1

Yellow cards

0

1

Red cards

0

0

Overall[3]

Statistic

France

Croatia

Goals scored

4

2

Total shots

8

15

Shots on target

6

3

Saves

1

3

Ball possession

39%

61%

Corner kicks

2

6

Fouls committed

14

13

Offsides

1

1

Yellow cards

2

1

Red cards

0

0

text: Post-match[edit]

text: France became the sixth country to win the World Cup more than once and qualified for the 2021 FIFA Confederations Cup with their win.[102] Didier Deschamps became the third person to have won the World Cup as both a player and manager, after Franz Beckenbauer and Mário Zagallo.[35] The final was the highest scoring since 1966, and the highest score in regular time since 1958.[88][97] The winner's medals were presented on the pitch stage to the French team by presidents Putin, Macron, and Grabar-Kitarović amid a heavy rainstorm.[103] FIFA president Gianni Infantino handed the trophy to French captain Hugo Lloris.[104][105] As Lloris raised the trophy, a short version of the tournament's official song “Live It Up” was played.[105]

text: Croatian captain Luka Modrić won the Golden Ball as best player of the tournament.[106] France's Antoine Griezmann, the final's man of the match,[107] also won the Bronze Ball and the Silver Boot award with four goals and two assists. Kylian Mbappé won the Best Young Player award for the tournament.[108]

text: Large crowds, including 90,000 people at the Eiffel Tower fanzone and an estimated million on the Champs-Élysées, celebrated the victory in Paris.[109][110] The celebrations were marred by instances of rioting that were broken up by police, as well as the deaths of at least two people during celebrations elsewhere in the country, one man died after diving into a shallow canal and another died after crashing his car into a tree,[111][112] RATP, the operator of the Paris Métro system, temporarily renamed several stations in honour of the team and its World Cup victory.[113] On 16 July, more than 550,000 fans welcomed the Croatian team home in the capital city of Zagreb, in the single largest public gathering in Croatia's history, where a six-hour-long bus tour brought them from Zagreb Airport to Ban Jelačić Square.[114]

text: Viewership[edit]

text: Europe[edit]

text: In France, the final was televised on TF1 and BeIN Sports and drew an average of 26.1 million viewers, making it the most watched event ever in French television history.[115] In England, the final had an average viewership of 10.5 million and a peak viewership of 13.8 million, split between free-to-air broadcasters BBC One and ITV, almost half that of the viewership of England–Croatia semi-final.[116][117][118] In Germany, the match drew a viewership of 21.3 million, which was around 76% of the market share, on state-owned ZDF.[117][118][119] In Spain, the match had a 57.3% share, with 8.2 million viewers on Mediaset España Comunicación's Telecinco.[117] In Croatia, the match drew around 1.538 million viewers – more than 38% of the population – on national broadcaster HTV2 for a 89.3% market share.[118][119][120] In Italy, it drew 11.7 million viewers on Canale 5.[117][119] In the Netherlands, the match had a viewership of 3.1 million on NPO1.[119] In the host nation of Russia, the final was the third-most watched match of the 2018 World Cup and accounted for around 50% of the nation's population.[121]

text: In total, the final drew more than 160 million viewers in 20 European territories, including Russia, the United Kingdom and Germany.[122][123]

text: Rest of the world[edit]

text: In the United States of America, the match was broadcast on NBCUniversal-owned Telemundo and 21st Century Fox-owned Fox and Fox Sports, the match averaged 16.6 million viewers combined, with Telemundo reaching a total of 57% of the country's Latino population.[124][125][126][127] In India, 70 million viewers streamed the match online, through Sony Picture Networks India's (SPN) Sony Liv application, which was a record for a football match;[128][129][130] an additional 22.4 million viewers watched the match on Sony Ten 2, Sony Ten 3 and Sony ESPN.[128] In China, the match drew a combined of 56 million viewers on state-broadcasters CCTV-1 and CCTV-5, the most-watched sporting event in China since 2008 Beijing Olympics;[124][122][123] an additional 24 million viewers streamed the match through Youku, a video-service and an Alibaba Group subsidiary.[131][132] In Australia, the final was watched by an average of 2.2 million viewers – with a peak of 3.4 million viewers – on national public broadcaster SBS.[133][134] Whereas, in Canada, the final was watched by an average of 3.9 million viewers, with a peak of 5.4 million viewers on CTV, TSN and RDS.[135]

text: Advertising[edit]

text: In the United States, Fox received between US$399,000 and $750,000 for a 30-second advertisement spot during the World Cup final;[136][137][138] whereas in France, TF1 got up to $300,000 for a 30-second ad-spot.[124]