document_title: Hollywood Walk of Fame

question_text: who has the most stars on hollywood walk of fame

question_tokens: who has the most stars on hollywood walk of fame

text: Hollywood Walk of Fame

text: Description[edit]

text: The Walk of Fame runs 1.3 miles (2.1 km) east to west on Hollywood Boulevard from Gower Street to La Brea Avenue, plus a short segment of Marshfield Way that runs diagonally between Hollywood and La Brea; and 0.4 miles (0.64 km) north to south on Vine Street between Yucca Street and Sunset Boulevard. According to a 2003 report by the market research firm NPO Plog Research, the Walk attracts about 10 million visitors annually—more than Sunset Strip, TCL Chinese Theatre (formerly Grauman's), the Queen Mary, and the Los Angeles County Museum of Art—and has played an important role in making tourism the largest industry in Los Angeles County.[3]

text: Categorization[edit]

text: As of  2018[update], the Walk of Fame comprises over 2,600 stars,[1] spaced at 6-foot (1.8 m) intervals. The monuments are coral-pink terrazzo five-point stars rimmed with brass (not bronze, an oft-repeated inaccuracy[4]) inlaid into a charcoal-colored terrazzo background. In the upper portion of each star field the name of the honoree is inlaid in brass block letters. Below the inscription, in the lower half of the star field, a round inlaid brass emblem indicates the category of the honoree's contributions. The emblems symbolize five categories within the entertainment industry:

text:
Classic film camera representing motion pictures
 Television receiver representing broadcast television
 Phonograph record representing audio recording or music
 Radio microphone representing broadcast radio
 Comedy/tragedy masks representing theatre/live performance (added in 1984)

text: Of all the stars on the Walk to date, 47% have been awarded in the motion pictures category, 24% in television, 17% in audio recording, 10% in radio, and fewer than 2% in the live performance category. Approximately 20 new stars are added to the Walk each year.[4]

text: Special stars[edit]

text: Special category stars recognize various contributions by corporate entities, service organizations, and special honorees, and display emblems unique to those honorees.[5]  For example, former Los Angeles mayor Tom Bradley's star displays the Seal of the City of Los Angeles;[6][7] the Los Angeles Police Department (LAPD) star emblem is a replica of a Hollywood Division badge;[8] and stars representing corporations, such as Victoria's Secret and the Los Angeles Dodgers, display the honoree's corporate logo.[5][9] The "Friends of the Walk of Fame" monuments are charcoal terrazzo squares rimmed by miniature pink terrazzo stars displaying the five standard category emblems, along with the sponsor's corporate logo, with the sponsor's name and contribution in inlaid brass block lettering.[10][11]  Special stars and Friends monuments are granted by the Hollywood Chamber of Commerce or the Hollywood Historic Trust, but are not part of the Walk of Fame proper and are located nearby on private property.[10][12]

text: The monuments for the Apollo 11 mission to the Moon are uniquely shaped: Four identical circular moons, bearing the names of the three astronauts (Neil A. Armstrong, Edwin E. Aldrin Jr., Michael Collins) the date of the first Moon landing ("7/20/69"), and the words "Apollo XI", are set on each of the four corners of the intersection of Hollywood and Vine. The moons are silver and grey terrazzo circles rimmed in brass on a square pink terrazzo background, with the television emblem inlaid at the top of each circle.[13]

text: History[edit]

text: Origin[edit]

text: The Hollywood Chamber of Commerce credits E.M. Stuart, its volunteer president in 1953, with the original idea for creating a Walk of Fame. Stuart reportedly proposed the Walk as a means to "maintain the glory of a community whose name means glamour and excitement in the four corners of the world."[14]  Harry Sugarman, another Chamber member and president of the Hollywood Improvement Association, receives credit in an independent account.[15] A committee was formed to flesh out the idea, and an architectural firm was retained to develop specific proposals. By 1955 the basic concept and general design had been agreed upon, and plans were submitted to the Los Angeles City Council.

text: Multiple accounts exist for the origin of the star concept. According to one, the historic Hollywood Hotel—which stood for more than 50 years on Hollywood Boulevard at the site now occupied by the Hollywood and Highland complex and the Dolby (formerly Kodak) Theatre[16]—displayed stars on its dining room ceiling above the tables favored by its most famous celebrity patrons, and that may have served as an early inspiration.[17] By another account, the stars were "inspired ... by Sugarman's [Tropics Restaurant] drinks menu, which featured celebrity photos framed in gold stars."[15][18]

text: In February 1956 a prototype was unveiled featuring a caricature of an example honoree (John Wayne, by some accounts[19]) inside a blue star on a brown background.[14] However, caricatures proved too expensive and difficult to execute in brass with the technology available at the time; and the brown and blue motif was vetoed by Charles E. Toberman, the legendary real estate developer known as "Mr. Hollywood", because the colors clashed with a new building he was erecting on Hollywood Boulevard.[14][20]

text: Selection and construction[edit]

text: By March 1956 the final design and coral-and-charcoal color scheme had been approved, and between the spring of 1956 and the fall of 1957, 1,558 honorees were selected by committees representing the four major branches of the entertainment industry at that time: motion pictures, television, audio recording, and radio. The committees met at the Brown Derby restaurant,[21] and included such prominent names as Cecil B. DeMille, Samuel Goldwyn, Jesse L. Lasky, Walt Disney, Hal Roach, Mack Sennett, and Walter Lantz.[14]

text: A requirement stipulated by the original audio recording committee (and later rescinded) specified minimum sales of one million records or 250,000 albums for all music category nominees. The committee soon realized that many important recording artists would be excluded from the Walk by that requirement. As a result, the National Academy of Recording Arts and Sciences was formed for the purpose of creating a separate award system for the music business. The first Grammy Awards were presented in Beverly Hills in 1959.[22]

text: Construction of the Walk began in 1958 but two lawsuits delayed completion. The first was filed by local property owners challenging the legality of the $1.25 million tax assessment levied upon them to pay for the Walk, along with new street lighting and trees. In October 1959 the assessment was ruled legal.[14] The second lawsuit, filed by Charles Chaplin, Jr., sought damages for the exclusion of his father, whose nomination had been withdrawn due to pressure from multiple quarters (see Controversial additions). Chaplin's suit was dismissed in 1960, paving the way for completion of the project.[14][23][24]

text: While Joanne Woodward is often singled out as the first to receive a star on the Walk of Fame,[25] in fact there was no "first" recipient; the original stars were installed as a continuous project, with no individual ceremonies. Woodward's name was one of eight drawn at random from the original 1,558 and inscribed on eight prototype stars that were built while litigation was still holding up permanent construction.[26][27][28]  The eight prototypes were installed temporarily on the northwest corner of Hollywood Boulevard and Highland Avenue in August 1958 to generate publicity and to demonstrate how the Walk would eventually look.[14] The other seven names were Olive Borden, Ronald Colman, Louise Fazenda, Preston Foster, Burt Lancaster, Edward Sedgwick, and Ernest Torrence.[14][29] Official groundbreaking took place on February 8, 1960.[17] On March 28, 1960, the first permanent star, director Stanley Kramer's, was completed on the easternmost end of the new Walk near the intersection of Hollywood and Gower.[14][30] The Joanne Woodward legend may have originated, according to one source, because she was the first to pose with her star for photographers.[25]

text: Stagnation and revitalization[edit]

text:
Though the Walk was originally conceived in part to encourage redevelopment of Hollywood Boulevard, the 1960s and 1970s were periods of protracted urban decay in the Hollywood area as residents moved to suburbs.[31][32]
After the initial installation of approximately 1,500 stars in 1960 and 1961, eight years passed without the addition of a new star. In 1962 the Los Angeles City Council passed an ordinance naming the Hollywood Chamber of Commerce "the agent to advise the City" about adding names to the Walk, and the Chamber, over the following six years, devised rules, procedures, and financing methods to do so.[14]
In December 1968, Richard D. Zanuck was awarded the first star in eight years in a presentation ceremony hosted by Danny Thomas.[14][21][33]  In July 1978 the City of Los Angeles designated the Hollywood Walk of Fame a Los Angeles Historic-Cultural Monument.[34]

text: Radio personality, television producer and Chamber member Johnny Grant is generally credited with implementing the changes that resuscitated the Walk and established it as a significant tourist attraction.[21][35]  Beginning in 1968, he stimulated publicity and encouraged international press coverage by requiring that each recipient personally attend his or her star's unveiling ceremony.[21] Grant later recalled that "it was tough to get people to come accept a star" until the neighborhood finally began its recovery in the 1980s.[32] In 1980 he instituted a fee of $2,500, payable by the person or entity nominating the recipient, to fund the Walk of Fame's upkeep and minimize further taxpayer burden.[21] The fee has increased incrementally over time; by 2002 it had reached $15,000,[36] and stood at $30,000 in 2012.[4]  The current (2017) fee is $40,000.[37]

text: Grant was awarded a star in 1980 for his television work.[14]  In 2002, he received a second star in the "special" category to acknowledge his pivotal role in improving and popularizing the Walk.[38] He was also named chairman of the Selection Committee and Honorary Mayor of Hollywood (a ceremonial position previously held by Art Linkletter and Monty Hall,[39][40] among others).[14][38] He remained in both offices from 1980 until his death in 2008 and hosted the great majority of unveiling ceremonies during that period. His unique special-category star, with its emblem depicting a stylized "Great Seal of the City of Hollywood",[41] is located at the entrance to the Dolby Theatre adjacent to Johnny Grant Way.[42]

text: Expansion[edit]

text: In 1984 a fifth category, Live Theatre, was added to permit acknowledgment of contributions from the live performance branch of the entertainment industry, and a second row of stars was created on each sidewalk to alternate with the existing stars.[14]

text: In 1994 the Walk of Fame was extended one block to the west on Hollywood Boulevard, from Sycamore Avenue to North LaBrea Avenue (plus the short segment of Marshfield Way that connects Hollywood and La Brea), where it now ends at the silver "Four Ladies of Hollywood" gazebo and the special "Walk of Fame" star.[43] At the same time, Sophia Loren was honored with the 2,000th star on the Walk.[14]

text: During construction of tunnels for the Los Angeles subway system in 1996, the Metropolitan Transportation Authority removed and stored more than 300 stars.[44]  Controversy arose when the MTA proposed a money-saving measure of jackhammering the 3-by-3-foot terrazzo pads, preserving only the brass lettering, surrounds, and medallions, then pouring new terrazzo after the tunnels were completed;[45] but the Cultural Heritage Commission ruled that the star pads were to be removed intact.[46]

text: Restoration[edit]

text: In 2008 a long-term restoration project began with an evaluation of all 2,365 stars on the Walk at the time, each receiving a letter grade of A, B, C, D, or F. Honorees whose stars received F grades, indicating the most severe damage, were Joan Collins, Peter Frampton, Dick Van Patten, Paul Douglas, Andrew L. Stone, Willard Waterman, Richard Boleslavsky, Ellen Drew, Frank Crumit, and Bobby Sherwood. Fifty celebrities' stars received "D" grades. The damage ranged from minor cosmetic flaws caused by normal weathering to holes and fissures severe enough to constitute a walking hazard. At least 778 stars will eventually be repaired or replaced during the ongoing project at an estimated cost of $4 million to $4.2 million.[47]

text: The restoration is a collaboration among the Hollywood Chamber of Commerce and various Los Angeles city and county governmental offices, along with the MTA, which operates the Metro Red Line that runs beneath the Walk, since earth movement due to the presence of the subway line is thought to be partly responsible for the damage.[48]

text: To encourage supplemental funding for the project by corporate sponsors, the "Friends of Walk of Fame" program was inaugurated.[47] Absolut Vodka became the first Friend with a donation of $1 million,[49][50] followed by L'Oréal.[51] Friends are recognized with honorary plaques adjacent to the Walk of Fame in front of the Dolby Theatre.[10]  The program received some criticism. Alana Semuels of the Los Angeles Times described it as "just the latest corporate attempt to buy some good buzz," and, quoting an area brand strategist, "I think Johnny Grant would roll over in his grave."[10] Karen Fondu, President of L'Oréal Paris, countered that the association was "a natural affinity."[50]

text: The Walk of Fame today[edit]

text: Multiple stars[edit]

text: The original selection committees chose to recognize some entertainers' contributions in multiple categories with multiple stars. Gene Autry is the only honoree with stars in all five categories.[52][53] Bob Hope, Mickey Rooney, Roy Rogers, and Tony Martin each have stars in four categories—Rooney has three of his own and a fourth with his eighth and final wife, Jan,[54][55] while Rogers also has three of his own, and a fourth with his band, Sons of the Pioneers.[56][57] Thirty-three people, including Bing Crosby, Frank Sinatra, Jo Stafford, Dean Martin, Dinah Shore, Gale Storm, Danny Kaye, Douglas Fairbanks Jr., and Jack Benny, have stars in three categories.[52]

text: Seven recording artists have two stars in the same category for distinct achievements: Michael Jackson, as a soloist and as a member of The Jackson 5; Diana Ross, as a member of The Supremes and for her solo work; Smokey Robinson, as a solo artist and as a member of The Miracles; and John Lennon, Ringo Starr, George Harrison, and Paul McCartney as individuals and as members of The Beatles.[58] Cher forfeited her opportunity by declining to schedule the mandatory personal appearance when she was selected in 1983.[59] She did attend the unveiling of the Sonny & Cher star in 1998 as a tribute to her recently deceased ex-husband,  Sonny Bono.[60]

text: George Eastman is the only honoree with two stars in the same category for the same achievement, the invention of roll film.[61]

text: In 1977, country singer Loretta Lynn was the first of her genre to receive a star on the Walk of Fame.

text: Controversial additions[edit]

text: Charlie Chaplin is the only honoree to be selected twice for the same star on the Walk. He was unanimously voted into the initial group of 500 in 1956 but the Selection Committee ultimately excluded him, ostensibly due to questions regarding his morals (he had been charged with violating the Mann Act—and exonerated—during the White Slavery hysteria of the 1940s[62]), but more likely due to his left-leaning political views.[63] The rebuke prompted an unsuccessful lawsuit by his son, Charles Chaplin Jr. His star was finally added to the Walk in 1972, the same year he received his Academy Award;[24] but even then, 16 years later, the Chamber of Commerce received angry letters from across the country protesting its decision to include him.[64]

text: The committee's Chaplin difficulties reportedly contributed to its decision in 1978 against awarding a star to Paul Robeson, a controversial opera singer, actor, athlete, writer, lawyer, and social activist.[65] The resulting outcry from the entertainment industry, civic circles, local and national politicians, and many other quarters was so intense that the decision was reversed and Robeson was awarded a star in 1979.[66][67][68]

text: Following sexual assault allegations involving comedian Bill Cosby, actor Kevin Spacey, reality television host Donald Trump, and producer-director Brett Ratner, the Hollywood Chamber of Commerce released a statement regarding inquiries as to the removal of stars:[69]

text: The Hollywood Chamber of Commerce has received inquiries asking whether we are planning to remove the stars of Walk of Famers because of alleged misconduct. The answer is no...The Hollywood Walk of Fame is a registered historic landmark. Once a star has been added to the Walk, it is considered a part of the historic fabric of the Hollywood Walk of Fame. Because of this, we have never removed a star from the Walk.[69]

text: As of 2018, this has been the Hollywood Chamber of Commerce's only statement regarding the removal of stars.

text: On August 6, 2018, the West Hollywood City Council passed a resolution asking for the removal of the star for Donald Trump, after repeated vandalism to the site. The Mayor of West Hollywood, John Duran, stated that "the council unanimously passes the resolution to remove his star"; however, the West Hollywood City Council has no jurisdiction over the Walk of Fame.[70]

text: Stars with the same name[edit]

text: Two pairs of stars share identical names representing different people. There are two Harrison Ford stars, honoring the silent film actor (at 6665 Hollywood Boulevard), and the present-day actor (in front of the Dolby Theatre at 6801 Hollywood Boulevard). Two Michael Jackson stars represent the singer/dancer/songwriter (at 6927 Hollywood Boulevard), and the radio personality (at 1597 Vine Street). When the recording artist Jackson died in 2009, fans mistakenly began leaving flowers, candles, and other tributes at the Vine Street star.[71]  Upon learning of this, the radio host wrote on his website, "I am willingly loan[ing] it to him and, if it would bring him back, he can have it."[72]

text: The most common surname, with sixteen stars, is Williams: Andy Williams, Bill Williams, Billy Dee Williams, Cindy Williams, Earle Williams, Esther Williams, Guy Williams, Hank Williams, Joe Williams, Kathlyn Williams, Paul Williams, Pharrell Williams, Robin Williams, Roger Williams, Tex Williams and Vanessa Williams.[73] There are fourteen stars with the surname Moore, twelve with Jones, and seven with Smith.

text: The largest collection of stars honoring one group of blood relatives is the widely scattered set of seven representing the Barrymore family: John Barrymore, his brother Lionel (who has two), and sister Ethel, their uncle Sidney Drew, John's son John Drew Barrymore, and John Drew's daughter Drew Barrymore.

text: Bending the rules[edit]

text: Walk of Fame rules prohibit consideration of nominees whose contributions fall outside the five major entertainment categories, but the selection committee has been known to conjure some interesting rule interpretations to justify a selection. The Walk's four round Moon landing monuments at the corners of Hollywood and Vine, for example, officially recognize the Apollo 11 astronauts for "contributions to the television industry". Johnny Grant acknowledged, in 2005, that classifying the first Moon landing as a television entertainment event was "a bit of a stretch". Magic Johnson's considerable basketball skills had no direct connection to movies, music, TV, radio, or theater, but the committee added him to the motion picture category, based on his ownership of the Magic Johnson Theatre chain, citing as precedent Sid Grauman, builder of Grauman's (now TCL) Chinese Theatre.  "[Now] people want Orville Redenbacher," Grant quipped in the 2005 interview, "because his popcorn is in all the theaters."[25]

text: Muhammad Ali's star was granted after the committee decided that boxing could be considered a form of "live performance". Its placement, on a wall of the Dolby Theatre, makes it the only star mounted on a vertical surface, acceding to Ali's request that his name not be walked upon.[74][75]

text: All living honorees have been required since 1968 to personally attend their star's unveiling, and approximately 40 have declined the honor due to this condition.[25] The only recipient to date who failed to appear after agreeing to do so was Barbra Streisand, in 1976. Her star was unveiled anyway, near the intersection of Hollywood and Highland.[76] Streisand did attend when her husband, James Brolin, unveiled his star in 1998 two blocks to the east.[77]

text: Unique and unusual[edit]

text: Fifteen stars are identified with a one-word stage name: Cantinflas, Houdini, Liberace, Mako, Meiklejohn, Paderewski, Parkyakarkus, Roseanne, RuPaul, Sabu, Shakira, Slash, Sting, Thalía, and Usher.

text: The largest group of individuals represented by a single star is the estimated 122 adults and 12 children[78] collectively known as the Munchkins, from the landmark 1939 film The Wizard of Oz.

text: Clayton Moore is so inextricably linked with his Lone Ranger character, even though he played other roles during his career, that he is one of only two actors to have his character's name alongside his own on his star. The other is Tommy Riggs, whose star reads, "Tommy Riggs & Betty Lou."[79]

text: For more than 40 years, singer Jimmy Boyd was the youngest star recipient at age 20, but he lost that distinction in 2004 to 18-year-old twins Mary-Kate and Ashley Olsen. Their joint star (the only one shared by twins) is outside the Dolby Theatre, near the Hollywood and Highland Center.

text: The Westmores received the first star honoring contributions in theatrical make-up. Other make-up artists on the walk are Max Factor, John Chambers and Rick Baker. Three stars recognize experts in special effects: Ray Harryhausen, Dennis Muren, and Stan Winston. Only one costume designer has received a star, eight-time Academy Award winner Edith Head.

text: Sidney Sheldon is one of two novelists with a star, which he earned for writing screenplays such as The Bachelor and the Bobby-Soxer before turning to novels.[80] The other is Ray Bradbury, whose books and stories have formed the basis of dozens of movies and television programs over a nearly 60-year period.[81]

text: Ten inventors have stars on the Walk: George Eastman (as mentioned); Thomas Edison, inventor of the first true film projector and holder of numerous patents related to motion-picture technology; Lee de Forest, inventor of the vacuum tube, which made radio and TV possible, and Phonofilm, which made sound movies possible; Merian C. Cooper, co-inventor of the Cinerama process; Herbert Kalmus, inventor of Technicolor; Auguste and Louis Lumière, inventors of important components of the motion picture camera; Mark Serrurier, inventor of the technology used for film editing; Hedy Lamarr, co-inventor of a frequency-hopping radio guidance system that was a precursor to Wi-Fi networks and cellular telephone systems;[82] and Ray Dolby, co-developer of the video tape recorder and inventor of the Dolby noise reduction system.

text: A few star recipients moved on after their entertainment careers to political notability. Two Presidents of the United States, Ronald Reagan (40th President) and Donald Trump (45th President) have stars on the Walk. Reagan is also one of two Governors of California with a star; the other is Arnold Schwarzenegger.[83]  One U.S. senator (George Murphy) and two members of the U.S. House of Representatives (Helen Gahagan and Sonny Bono) have stars.  Ignacy Paderewski, who served as Prime Minister of Poland between the World Wars, is the only European head of government represented. Film and stage actor Albert Dekker served one term in the California State Assembly during the 1940s,[84] which was notable for his outspoken public criticism of Senator Joseph McCarthy's anti-communism demagoguery, leading to his blacklisting.[85]

text: On its 50th anniversary in 2005, Disneyland received a star adjacent to the Walk of Fame near Disney's Soda Fountain on Hollywood Boulevard. While not technically part of the Hollywood Walk of Fame (a city ordinance prohibits putting corporate names on sidewalks), the star was installed adjacent to the Walk of Fame, and was thought of by Johnny Grant, the proverbial "Mayor of Hollywood." Roger Ebert said of the star "If you stop to think about what Disneyland has achieved and what a revolutionary idea it was to begin with, of course it deserve[s] a star." In lieu of the traditional icon indicating the specific achievement(s) of the honoree, Disneyland's star has an icon of Sleeping Beauty Castle, and a plaque beneath the star reading: "Award of Excellence Special achievement for 50 years of magical entertainment Hollywood Historic Trust July 14, 2005. Johnny Grant, Chairman."[86]

text: Fictional characters and their creators[edit]

text: In 1978, in honor of his 50th anniversary, Mickey Mouse became the first animated character to receive a star. Other animated recipients are Bugs Bunny, Donald Duck, Minnie Mouse, Woody Woodpecker, Snow White, Tinker Bell, Winnie the Pooh, Shrek, The Simpsons, the Rugrats, and Snoopy. The star inscribed Charlie Tuna honors not the animated advertising mascot, but Art Ferguson, the long-time radio personality and game show announcer.

text: Other fictional characters on the Walk include the Munchkins (as mentioned), two individual Muppets (Kermit the Frog and Big Bird) and the Muppets as a group, one monster (Godzilla), and three non-animated canine characters (Strongheart, Lassie, and Rin Tin Tin).

text: Ten stars recognize cartoonists and animators: Walt Disney, Chuck Jones, Friz Freleng, Walter Lantz, Hanna–Barbera, Charles M. Schulz, Jay Ward, Dr. Seuss, Matt Groening and John Lasseter.[87] Two puppeteers have stars: Jim Henson and Shari Lewis, as does Fran Allison, who appeared with Burr Tillstrom's puppets on the TV show Kukla, Fran and Ollie.

text: Star locations[edit]

text: Locations of individual stars are not necessarily random or arbitrary. Stars of most legendary and world-famous celebrities—the so-called "show business royalty"—are found in front of TCL (formerly Grauman's) Chinese Theatre. Oscar-winners' stars are usually placed near the Dolby Theatre, site of the annual Academy Awards presentations. Decisions are occasionally made with a dollop of whimsy: Mike Myers's star, for example, lies in front of an adult store called the International Love Boutique, an association with his Austin Powers roles; Roger Moore's star is located at 7007 Hollywood Boulevard in recognition of his seven James Bond 007 films; Ed O'Neill's star is located outside a shoe store in reference to his character's occupation on the TV show Married... with Children;[88] and the last star, at the very end of the westernmost portion of the Walk, belongs to The Dead End Kids.

text: Honorees may request a specific location for their star, although final decisions remain with the Chamber.[25] Jay Leno, for example, requested a spot near the corner of Hollywood Blvd. and Highland Ave. because he was twice picked up at that location by police for vagrancy (though never actually charged) shortly after his arrival in Hollywood.[89]  George Carlin chose to have his star placed in front of the KDAY radio station near the corner of Sunset Blvd. and Vine St., where he first gained national recognition.[90] Carol Burnett explained her choice in her 1986 memoir: While working as an usherette at the historic Warner Brothers Theatre (now the Hollywood Pacific Theatre) during the 1951 run of Alfred Hitchcock's film Strangers on a Train, she took it upon herself to advise a couple arriving during the final few minutes of a showing to wait for the next showing, to avoid seeing (and spoiling) the ending. The theater manager fired her on the spot for "insubordination" and humiliated her by stripping the epaulets from her uniform in the theater lobby. Twenty-six years later, at her request, Burnett's star was placed at the corner of Hollywood and Wilcox—in front of the theater.[91]

text: Errors and mysteries[edit]

text: In 2010, Julia Louis-Dreyfus's star was constructed with the name "Julia Luis Dreyfus".[92] The actress was reportedly amused, and the error was corrected.[93] A similar mistake was made on Dick Van Dyke's star in 1993 ("Vandyke"), and rectified.[94]

text: Film and television actor Don Haggerty's star originally displayed the first name "Dan". The mistake was fixed, but years later the television actor Dan Haggerty (of Grizzly Adams fame, no relation to Don) also received a star. The confusion eventually sprouted an urban legend that Dan Haggerty was the only honoree to have a star removed from the Walk of Fame.[95][96]

text: For 28 years, the star intended to honor Mauritz Stiller, the Helsinki-born pioneer of Swedish film who brought Greta Garbo to the United States, read "Maurice Diller", possibly due to mistranscription of verbal dictation. The star was finally remade with the correct name in 1988.[97][98]

text: Three stars remain misspelled: opera diva Lotte Lehmann's first name is spelled "Lottie";[99] Cinerama co-inventor and King Kong creator, director, and producer Merian C. Cooper's first name is spelled "Meriam";[100][101] and cinematography pioneer Auguste Lumière's first name is listed as "August".[102]

text: Monty Woolley, the veteran film and stage actor best known for The Man Who Came to Dinner (1942) and the classic line "Time flies when you're having fun", is officially listed in the motion picture category,[103] but his star on the Walk of Fame bears the television emblem.[104] Woolley did appear on the small screen late in his career, but his TV contributions were eclipsed by his extensive stage, film, and radio work.[105][106][107]  Similarly, the star of film actress Carmen Miranda bears the TV emblem,[108] although her official category is motion pictures.[109]  Radio and television talk show host Larry King is officially a television honoree,[110] but his star displays a film camera.[111]

text: The Los Angeles Times, which documented and photographed the Walk as part of its Hollywood Star Walk project, reported that it could not find two stars, honoring Richard Crooks and the film career of Geraldine Farrar.[112][113][114] (Farrar's music star is located on the 1700 block of Vine Street.)

text: Theft and vandalism[edit]

text: Acts of vandalism occur on the Walk on a regular basis, ranging from profanity and political statements written on stars with markers to attempted removal of brass emblems with chisels.[115] Closed circuit surveillance cameras have been installed on the stretch of Hollywood Boulevard between La Brea Avenue and Vine Street in an effort to discourage mischievous activities.[116]

text: Four of the stars, which weigh about 300 pounds (140 kg) each, have been stolen from the Walk of Fame. In 2000, James Stewart's and Kirk Douglas's stars disappeared from their locations near the intersection of Hollywood and Vine, where they had been temporarily removed for a construction project. Police recovered them in the suburban community of South Gate when they arrested a man involved in an incident there and searched his house. The suspect was a construction worker employed on the Hollywood and Vine project. The stars had been badly damaged, and had to be remade. One of Gene Autry's five stars (it is not clear which one) was also stolen from a construction area. Johnny Grant later received an anonymous phone tip that the missing star was in Iowa, but it was never found. "Someday, it will end up on eBay," Grant once joked. The most brazen and ambitious theft occurred in 2005 when thieves used a concrete saw to remove  Gregory Peck's star from its Hollywood Boulevard site at the intersection of North El Centro Avenue, near North Gower. The star was replaced almost immediately, but the original was never recovered and the perpetrators never caught.[117]

text: In late 2009, rumors circulated widely on media outlets and the Internet that John Lennon's star had been stolen, but it was merely being relocated farther south on Vine Street to an area near the circular Capitol Records Building, adjacent to the stars of bandmates George Harrison and Ringo Starr.[118] Paul McCartney's star was installed in the same location in 2012.[119]

text: Donald Trump's star—received as host of The Apprentice television series—was repeatedly defaced during the 2016 presidential campaign.[120][121][122] In late October, near the end of the race, a man named Jamie Otis (who claimed to be an heir to the Otis Elevator fortune) used a sledge hammer and a pickaxe to destroy all of the star's brass inlays. He readily admitted to the vandalism, which he described as "civil disobedience" and "freedom of expression", and told reporters that he originally planned to remove the entire star and auction it to raise money for the women who accused Trump of sexually assaulting them.[123]  Otis was arrested three weeks after the incident, charged with one count of felony vandalism,[124] and sentenced to three years' probation plus $3,400 in restitution payments.[125]  The star itself was repaired, serving as the site of pro-Trump demonstrations[126] until it was destroyed a second time in July 2018 by a man named Austin Clay.[127] Clay later surrendered himself to the police and was bailed out by Jamie Otis.[128][129]

text: Four Ladies of Hollywood[edit]

text: The Four Ladies of Hollywood gazebo[130]—known officially as the Hollywood and La Brea Gateway[131]—stands upon a small triangular island formed by the confluence of Hollywood Boulevard, Marshfield Way, and North La Brea Avenue at the westernmost extension of the Walk of Fame. It was commissioned in 1993 by the Los Angeles Community Redevelopment Agency Art Program and created by the architect, production designer, and film director Catherine Hardwicke as a tribute to the multi-ethnic women of Hollywood.[131] The gazebo is a stainless steel stylized Art Deco lattice structure. The roof is an arched square supporting a circular dome, which is topped by a central obelisk with descending neon block letters spelling "Hollywood" on each of its four sides. Atop the obelisk is a small gilded weathervane-style sculpture of Marilyn Monroe in her iconic billowing skirt pose from The Seven Year Itch.[132] The domed structure is held aloft by four caryatids sculpted by Harl West[131] to represent the African-American actress Dorothy Dandridge, Asian-American actress Anna May Wong, Mexican actress Dolores del Río, and the multi-ethnic, Brooklyn-born actress Mae West.[130]

text: The gazebo was dedicated on February 1, 1994, to a mixed reception. Los Angeles Times art critic Christopher Knight called it "the most depressingly awful work of public art in recent years", representing the opposite of Hardwicke's intended tribute to women. "Sex, as a woman's historic gateway to Hollywood", he wrote, "couldn't be more explicitly described".[133] Independent writer and film producer Gail Choice called it a fitting tribute to a group of pioneering and courageous women who "carried a tremendous burden on their feminine shoulders. Never in my wildest dreams did I believe I'd ever see women of color immortalized in such a creative and wonderful fashion."[134] Hardwicke contended that critics had missed the "humor and symbolism" of the structure, which "embraces and pokes fun at the glamour, the polished metallic male form of the Oscar, and the pastiche of styles and dreams that pervades Tinseltown."[135]

text: Nomination process[edit]

text: Each year an average of 200 nominations are submitted to the Hollywood Chamber of Commerce Walk of Fame selection committee. Anyone, including fans, can nominate anyone active in the field of entertainment as long as the nominee or his or her management approves the nomination (a letter of agreement from the nominated celebrity or representative must accompany the application). Nominees must have a minimum of five years' experience in the category for which they are nominated and a history of "charitable contributions."[74] Posthumous nominees must have been deceased at least five years. At a meeting each June, the committee selects approximately 20 to 24 celebrities to receive stars on the Walk of Fame. One posthumous award is given each year as well. The nominations of those not selected are rolled over to the following year for reconsideration; those not selected two years in a row are dropped, and must be renominated to receive further consideration. Living recipients must agree to personally attend a presentation ceremony within two years of selection. If the ceremony is not scheduled within two years, a new application must be submitted. A relative of deceased recipients must attend posthumous presentations. Presentation ceremonies are open to the public.[4]

text: A fee of $40,000 (as of  2018[update]),[37] payable at time of selection, is collected to pay for the creation and installation of the star, as well as general maintenance of the Walk of Fame. The fee is usually paid by the nominating organization, which may be a fan club, or a film studio, record company, broadcaster, or other sponsor involved with the prospective honoree.[21][136] The Starz cable network, for example, paid for Dennis Hopper's star as part of the promotion for its series Crash. The star was unveiled in March 2010 shortly before Hopper's death.[21][137]

text: Numerous major entertainment figures and legendary show business acts are not included on the Walk of Fame for a variety of reasons. Some, such as Julia Roberts[25][138] and Clint Eastwood,[138] have declined to participate; nominations cannot proceed without the nominee's consent. Others, such as George Clooney and John Denver,[139] were nominated, but would not agree to the mandatory personal appearance at the unveiling ceremony; however, Denver received a posthumous star in late 2014.[140] Others have simply never been nominated, or do not have a nominator willing or able to pay the selection fee, or have less than the required five years' minimum involvement in their designated field. Probability also plays a role as only about 10% of nominees are selected each year.

text: Traditionally, the identities of selection committee members, other than its chairman, have not been made public in order to minimize conflicts of interest and to discourage lobbying by celebrities and their representatives (a significant problem during the original selections in the late 1950s). However, in 1999, in response to intensifying charges of secrecy in the selection process, the chamber disclosed the members' names: Johnny Grant, the longtime chair and representative of the television category; Earl Lestz, president of Paramount Studio Group (motion pictures); Stan Spero, retired manager with broadcast stations KMPC and KABC (radio); Kate Nelson, owner of the Palace Theatre (live performance); and Mary Lou Dudas, vice president of A&M Records (recording industry).[141] Since that 1999 announcement the chamber has revealed only that Lestz (who received his own star in 2004) became chairman after Grant died in 2008. Their current official position is that "each of the five categories is represented by someone with expertise in that field."[4]

text: In 2010, Lestz was replaced as chairman by John Pavlik, former Director of Communications for the Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences.[142] While no public announcement was made to that effect, he was identified as chairman in the chamber's press release announcing the 2011 star recipients.[143]  The current chair, according to the chamber's 2016 selection announcement, is film producer Maureen Schultz.[144]

text: Homage[edit]

text: Some fans show respect for star recipients both living and dead by laying flowers or other symbolic tributes at their stars.[145] Others show their support in other ways; the star awarded to Julio Iglesias, for example, is kept in "pristine condition [by] a devoted band of elderly women [who] scrub and polish it once a month".[145]

text: The Hollywood Chamber of Commerce has adopted the tradition of placing flower wreaths at the stars of newly deceased awardees; for example Bette Davis in 1989,[146] Katharine Hepburn in 2003, and Jackie Cooper in 2011.[147] The stars of other deceased celebrities, such as Michael Jackson, Elizabeth Taylor,[148] Richard Pryor,[149] Ricardo Montalbán, James Doohan, Frank Sinatra,[150][151] Robin Williams,[152] Joan Rivers, George Harrison[153], and Aretha Franklin have become impromptu memorial and vigil sites as well, and some continue to receive anniversary remembrances.


document_title: Dolphins–Patriots rivalry

question_text: when was the last time miami won in foxboro

root

text: Dolphins–Patriots rivalry

text: Results[edit]

text: Note: Playoff matchups are in bold

tag: ul

text: 1960s (Dolphins 4–3)[edit]

text: Dolphins victoriesPatriots victoriesTie games

tag: table

text: No.DateLocationWinning teamLosing teamScoreSeries1 November 27, 1966 Orange Bowl  Patriots  Dolphins 20–14Patriots 1–02 October 15, 1967  Fenway Park  Patriots  Dolphins 41–10Patriots 2–03 December 17, 1967  Orange Bowl  Dolphins  Patriots 41–32Patriots 2–14 November 24, 1968  Fenway Park  Dolphins  Patriots 34–10Tied 2–25 December 8, 1968  Orange Bowl  Dolphins  Patriots 38–7Dolphins 3–26 November 9, 1969  Alumni Stadium  Dolphins  Patriots 17–16Dolphins 4–27 December 8, 1969  Tampa Stadium  Patriots  Dolphins 38–23Dolphins 4–3

text: 1970s (Dolphins 13–7)[edit]

text: No.DateLocationWinning teamLosing teamScoreSeries1 September 20, 1970 Harvard Stadium  Patriots  Dolphins 27–14Patriots 1–02 December 8, 1970  Orange Bowl  Dolphins  Patriots 37–20Tied 1–13 October 17, 1971 Orange Bowl  Dolphins  Patriots 41–3Dolphins 2–14 December 8, 1971  Schaefer Stadium  Patriots  Dolphins 34–13Tied 2–25 November 12, 1972 Orange Bowl  Dolphins  Patriots 52–0Dolphins 3–26 December 3, 1972  Schaefer Stadium  Dolphins  Patriots 37–21Dolphins 4–27 September 30, 1973 Orange Bowl  Dolphins  Patriots 44–23Dolphins 5–28 October 28, 1973  Schaefer Stadium  Dolphins  Patriots 30–14Dolphins 6–29 September 15, 1974  Schaefer Stadium  Patriots  Dolphins 34–24Dolphins 6–310 December 15, 1974 Orange Bowl  Dolphins  Patriots 34–27Dolphins 7–311 September 28, 1975 Schaefer Stadium  Dolphins  Patriots 22–14Dolphins 8–312 December 1, 1975 Orange Bowl  Dolphins  Patriots 30–14Dolphins 9–313 September 19, 1976 Schaefer Stadium  Patriots  Dolphins 22–14Dolphins 9–414 October 31, 1976 Orange Bowl  Dolphins  Patriots 10–3Dolphins 10–415 November 13, 1977 Orange Bowl  Dolphins  Patriots 17–5Dolphins 11–416 December 11, 1977  Schaefer Stadium  Patriots  Dolphins 14–10Dolphins 11–517 October 22, 1978  Schaefer Stadium  Patriots  Dolphins 33–24Dolphins 11–618 December 18, 1978 Orange Bowl  Dolphins  Patriots 23–3Dolphins 12–619 October 21, 1979  Schaefer Stadium  Patriots  Dolphins 28–13Dolphins 12–720 November 29, 1979 Orange Bowl  Dolphins  Patriots 39–24Dolphins 13–7

text: Series Overall: Dolphins lead 17–10 after 1970s

tag: p

text: 1980s (Patriots 11–10)[edit]

text: No.DateLocationWinning teamLosing teamScoreSeries1 September 20, 1980 Schaefer Stadium  Patriots  Dolphins 34–0Patriots 1–02 December 8, 1980  Orange Bowl  Dolphins  Patriots 16–13Tied 1–13 November 8, 1991 Schaefer Stadium  Dolphins  Patriots 30–3Dolphins 2–14 December 6, 1981  Orange Bowl  Dolphins  Patriots 24–14Dolphins 3–15 November 8, 1982[nb 1] Schaefer Stadium  Patriots  Dolphins 3–0Dolphins 3–26 January 8, 1983  Orange Bowl  Dolphins  Patriots 28–13Dolphins 4–27 September 11, 1983 Orange Bowl  Dolphins  Patriots 34–24Dolphins 5–28 November 13, 1983  Sullivan Stadium  Patriots  Dolphins 17–6Dolphins 5–39 September 9, 1984  Orange Bowl  Dolphins  Patriots 28–7Dolphins 6–310 October 21, 1984 Sullivan Stadium  Dolphins  Patriots 44–24Dolphins 7–311 November 3, 1985 Schaefer Stadium  Patriots  Dolphins 17–13Dolphins 7–412 December 16, 1985 Orange Bowl  Dolphins  Patriots 30–27Dolphins 8–413 January 8, 1986  Orange Bowl  Patriots  Dolphins 31–14Dolphins 8–514 October 5, 1986 Schaefer Stadium  Patriots  Dolphins 34–7Dolphins 8–615 December 22, 1986 Orange Bowl  Patriots  Dolphins 34–27Dolphins 8–716 September 13, 1987 Orange Bowl  Patriots  Patriots 28–21Tied 8–817 December 28, 1987  Joe Robbie Stadium  Patriots  Dolphins 24–10Patriots 9–818 November 6, 1988  Sullivan Stadium  Patriots  Dolphins 21–10Patriots 10–819 November 20, 1988 Joe Robbie Stadium  Patriots  Dolphins 6–3Patriots 11–820 September 17, 1989  Sullivan Stadium  Dolphins  Patriots 24–10Patriots 11–921 December 10, 1989 Joe Robbie Stadium  Dolphins  Patriots 31–10Patriots 11–10

text: Series Overall: Dolphins lead 27–21 after 1980s

text: 1990s (Dolphins 14–7)[edit]

text:
No.DateLocationWinning teamLosing teamScoreSeriesAttendance1 September 9, 1990 Foxboro Stadium  Dolphins  Patriots 27–24Dolphins 1–0 N/A
2 October 18, 1990  Joe Robbie Stadium  Dolphins  Patriots 17–10Dolphins 2–0 N/A
3 October 6, 1991 Foxboro Stadium  Dolphins  Patriots 20–10Dolphins 3–0 N/A
4 November 10, 1991  Joe Robbie Stadium  Dolphins  Patriots 30–21Dolphins 4–0 N/A
5 October 18, 1992 Joe Robbie Stadium  Dolphins  Patriots 38–17Dolphins 5–0 N/A
6 December 27, 1992  Foxboro Stadium  Dolphins  Patriots 16–13 (OT)Dolphins 6–0 N/A
7 November 21, 1993 Joe Robbie Stadium  Dolphins  Patriots 17–13Dolphins 7–0 N/A
8 January 2, 1994  Foxboro Stadium  Patriots  Dolphins 33–27 (OT)Dolphins 7–1 N/A
9 September 4, 1994  Joe Robbie Stadium  Dolphins  Patriots 39–35Dolphins 8–1 N/A
10 October 30, 1994 Foxboro Stadium  Dolphins  Patriots 23–3Dolphins 9–1 N/A
11 September 10, 1995 Foxboro Stadium  Dolphins  Patriots 20–3Dolphins 10–1 N/A
12 November 12, 1995 Joe Robbie Stadium  Patriots  Dolphins 34–17Dolphins 10–2 N/A
13 September 1, 1996 Pro Player Stadium  Dolphins  Patriots 34–7Dolphins 11–2 71,542
14 November 3, 1996 Foxboro Stadium  Patriots  Dolphins 42–23Dolphins 11–3 58,492
15 September 13, 1997 Foxboro Stadium  Patriots  Dolphins 27–24Dolphins 11–4 59,002
16 December 22, 1997  Pro Player Stadium   Patriots  Dolphins 14–12Dolphins 11–5 74,379
17 December 28, 1997  Foxboro Stadium  Patriots  Dolphins 17–3Dolphins 11–6 60,041
18 October 25, 1998  Pro Player Stadium  Dolphins  Patriots 12–9 (OT)Dolphins 12–6 73,973
19 November 23, 1998 Foxboro Stadium  Patriots  Dolphins 26–23Dolphins 12–7 58,729
20 October 17, 1999  Foxboro Stadium  Dolphins  Patriots 31–30Dolphins 13–7 60,006
21 November 21, 1999 Pro Player Stadium  Dolphins  Patriots 27–17Dolphins 14–7 74,295

text: Series Overall: Dolphins lead 41–28 after 1990s

text: 2000s (Patriots 11–9)[edit]

text:
No.DateLocationWinning teamLosing teamScoreSeriesAttendance1 September 24, 2000 Pro Player Stadium  Dolphins  Patriots 10–3Dolphins 1–0 73,344
2 December 24, 2000  Foxboro Stadium  Dolphins  Patriots 27–24Dolphins 2–0 60,292
3 October 7, 2001 Pro Player Stadium  Dolphins  Patriots 20–10Dolphins 3–0 72,713
4 December 22, 2001  Foxboro Stadium  Patriots  Dolphins 30–21Dolphins 3–1 60,292
5 October 18, 2002 Pro Player Stadium  Dolphins  Patriots 26–13Dolphins 4–1 73,369
6 December 27, 2002  Gillette Stadium  Patriots  Dolphins 27–24 (OT)Dolphins 4–2 68,436
7 October 19, 2003 Pro Player Stadium  Patriots  Dolphins 19–13 (OT)Dolphins 4–3 73,650
8 December 7, 2003  Gillette Stadium  Patriots  Dolphins 12–0Tied 4–4 68,436
9 September 4, 2004  Gillette Stadium  Patriots  Dolphins 39–35Patriots 5–4 68,756
10 December 20, 2004 Pro Player Stadium  Dolphins  Patriots 29–28Tied 5–5 73,629
11 November 13, 2005 Dolphin Stadium  Patriots  Dolphins 23–16Patriots 6–5 73,405
12 January 1, 2006 Gillette Stadium  Dolphins  Patriots 28–26Tied 6–6 68,756
13 October 8, 2006 Gillette Stadium  Patriots  Dolphins 20–10Patriots 7–6 68,756
14 December 10, 2006 Dolphin Stadium  Dolphins  Patriots 21–0Tied 7–7 74,033
15 October 21, 2007 Dolphin Stadium  Patriots  Dolphins 49–28Patriots 8–7 71,951
16 December 23, 2007  Gillette Stadium   Patriots  Dolphins 28–7Patriots 9–7 68,756
17 September 21, 2008  Gillette Stadium  Dolphins  Patriots 38–13Patriots 9–8 68,756
18 November 23, 2008 Dolphin Stadium  Patriots  Dolphins 48–28Patriots 10–8 67,146
19 October 17, 2009  Gillette Stadium  Patriots  Dolphins 31–30Patriots 11–8 68,756
20 December 26, 2009 Land Shark Stadium  Dolphins  Patriots 22–21Patriots 11–9 70,102

text: Series Overall: Dolphins lead 50–39 after 2000s

text: 2010s (Patriots 13–4)[edit]

text:
No.DateLocationWinning teamLosing teamScoreSeriesAttendance1 October 4, 2010 Sun Life Stadium  Patriots  Patriots 41–14Patriots 1–0 69,090
2 January 2, 2011  Gillette Stadium  Patriots  Dolphins 38–7Patriots 2–0 68,756
3 September 12, 2011 Sun Life Stadium  Patriots  Dolphins 38–24Patriots 3–0 66,860
4 December 24, 2011  Gillette Stadium  Patriots  Dolphins 27–24Patriots 4–0 68,756
5 December 2, 2012 Sun Life Stadium  Patriots  Dolphins 23–16Patriots 5–0 72,114
6 December 30, 2012  Gillette Stadium  Patriots  Dolphins 28–0Patriots 6–0 68,736
7 October 27, 2013 Gillette Stadium  Patriots  Dolphins 27–17Patriots 7–0 68,736
8 December 15, 2013  Sun Life Stadium  Dolphins  Patriots 24–20Patriots 7–1 71,863
9 September 7, 2014  Sun Life Stadium  Dolphins  Patriots 33–20Patriots 7–2 70,630
10 December 14, 2014 Gillette Stadium  Patriots  Dolphins 41–13Patriots 8–2 68,756
11 October 29, 2015 Gillette Stadium  Patriots  Dolphins 36–7Patriots 9–2 66,829
12 January 1, 2016 Sun Life Stadium  Dolphins  Patriots 20–10Patriots 9–3 62,918
13 October 8, 2016 Gillette Stadium  Patriots  Dolphins 31–24Patriots 10–3 68,756
14 January 1, 2017 Hard Rock Stadium  Patriots  Dolphins 35–14Patriots 11–3 66,163
15 October 21, 2017 Gillette Stadium  Patriots  Dolphins 35–17Patriots 12–3 65,878
16 December 23, 2017  Hard Rock Stadium   Dolphins  Patriots 27–20Patriots 12–4 65,548
17 September 21, 2018  Gillette Stadium  Patriots  Patriots 38–7Patriots 13–4 65,878

text: Series overall: Dolphins lead 54—52

text: Notes[edit]

text: Jump up ^ The Dolphins and Patriots only played once in 1982 due to the strike shortened season

tag: ol


document_title: Diamond lane

question_text: what does the white diamond road marking mean

text: Diamond lane

text: This article does not cite any sources. Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. (October 2007) (Learn how and when to remove this template message)

text: In the United States and Canada, a diamond lane is a special lane on a street or highway that is reserved for specific types of traffic. These lanes are usually marked with white diamonds or lozenge, hence their name. Diamond lanes are generally the right-most or left-most lane on the road. They are usually implemented to provide ways through traffic congestion, for safety reasons, and to encourage environmentally friendly transportation. A diamond lane may be intended for a specific type of traffic, or for several types. The intended use of a diamond lane is marked by traffic signs. In most areas, violating the rules of a diamond lane is punishable by a fine.

text: Some common examples are:

text:
High-occupancy vehicle lane (HOV), also known as a carpool lane. These are typically freeway lanes intended for multiple occupant or "green vehicles" (such as hybrid or electric cars).
Bike lane, sometimes referred to as segregated cycle facilities. Separating bicycle traffic from pedestrian or motor vehicle traffic is typically safer and improves traffic flow.
Bus lane, an uncongested lane for buses to travel, load, or unload in.
Emergency vehicle lane, to help emergency vehicles get to their destination as fast as possible while avoiding traffic congestion.
Taxicab lanes, most often found at airports or other transit hubs for passenger loading and unloading.
Horse and buggy lanes in areas with significant Amish populations

text: Standards[edit]

text: The U.S. Department of Transportation's Manual on Uniform Traffic Control Devices states that diamonds indicates a lane reserved for high-occupancy vehicles. "United States Pavement Markings".


document_title: Bedknobs and Broomsticks

question_text: voice of the king in bedknobs and broomsticks

text: Bedknobs and Broomsticks

text: Plot[edit]

text: During the Blitz, Charlie, Carrie, and Paul are evacuated from London to Pepperinge Eye, where they are placed in the reluctant care of Miss Eglantine Price, who agrees to the arrangement temporarily. The three children attempt to run back to London, but after observing Miss Price attempting to fly on a broomstick, they change their minds. Miss Price reveals she is learning witchcraft through a correspondence school with hopes of using her spells in the British war effort, and offers the children a transportation spell in exchange for their silence. She casts the spell on a knob, and adds only Paul can work the spell.

text: Later, Miss Price receives a letter from her school announcing its closure, thus preventing her from learning the final spell. She convinces Paul to use the enchanted bed to return the group to London, and locate Professor Emelius Browne. They discover Browne is actually a charismatic showman who created the course from an old book, and is surprised to learn the spells actually work for Miss Price. He gives the book to Miss Price, who is distraught to discover the final spell is missing.

text: The group travels to Portobello Road to locate the rest of the book. They are approached by Swinburne, who takes them to the Bookman, who possesses the remainder of the book. They exchange their pieces, but learn only the spell was inscribed on a medallion, the Star of Astaroth, that belonged to a sorcerer of that name. The Bookman reveals the medallion may have been taken by a pack of wild animals, given anthropomorphism by Astaroth, to a remote island called Naboombu.

text: It was said in the 17th century, a lascar claimed he saw Naboombu. The Bookman, however, does not believe the island exists, as he looked in every chart for it, until Paul confirms its existence via a storybook.

text: The group fly on the bed, and land in the Island of Naboombu’s lagoon; there, the bed goes underwater, where Mr. Browne and Miss Price enter a dance contest, and win first prize. Just then, the bed is fished out of the sea by a bear, who tells the five there is "No Peopling Allowed". They are brought before King Leonidas, who rules the island. He is wearing the Star of Astaroth, then invites Mr. Browne to act as a referee in a soccer game. The chaotic match ends in Leonidas’ self-proclaimed victory, but Mr. Browne cleverly swaps the medallion with his referee whistle as he leaves. Upon examining the Star, Miss Price finds the missing spell, “Substitutiary Locomotion”. When he discovers the theft, Leonidas pursues the travelers, but Miss Price transforms him into a white rabbit, and the five escape.

text: Back home, Miss Price prepares to try out the spell, but the Star has vanished back into the fantasy world of Naboombu. Paul reveals the spell "Substitutiary Locomotion" was actually in his storybook the whole time. Miss Price attempts the spell on Mr. Browne’s shoes; while the spell works, and imbues the shoes with life, she finds she inadvertently brought other items throughout the house to life as well, and has difficultly controlling them. Mrs. Hobday informs Miss Price the children can be relocated with another family, but Miss Price wants them to stay. Mr. Browne is leery of commitment, and when the children refer to him as a father figure, he attempts to return to London.

text: A platoon of Nazi commandos land on the coast, and invade Miss Price’s house, imprisoning her and the children in the local museum. After observing more Nazis disabling phone lines, Mr. Browne comes to the rescue, inspiring Miss Price to use "Substitutiary Locomotion" to enchant the museum’s exhibits into an army.

text: The army of knights' armour and military uniforms chase the Nazis away, but as the Nazis retreat, they destroy Miss Price’s workshop, ending her career as a witch. Though disappointed her career is over, she is happy she played a small part in the war effort. Mr. Browne enlists in the army, and departs with the local Home Guard escorting him, while Paul reveals he still has the enchanted bedknob, hinting they can continue on with their adventures.

text: Cast[edit]

text:
Angela Lansbury as Miss Eglantine Price. Miss Price is initially a somewhat reclusive woman, reluctant to take in children from London as she believes they will get in the way of her witchcraft, which she prefers to keep secret but hopes to use to bring the nascent World War II to an end.
David Tomlinson as Mr. Emelius Browne. Introduced as "Professor Browne," the title by which Miss Price knows him, he is running a Correspondence College of Witchcraft based on what he believes to be "nonsense words" found in an old book. When Miss Price and the children find him in London, he is revealed to be a street performer and con artist, and not a very good one. He is, however, a smooth talker, which proves useful on the group's adventures, and believes in doing everything "with a flair." As the adventures unfold, he finds himself developing an attachment to Miss Price and the children, a feeling he struggles with.
Ian Weighill as Charles "Charlie" Rawlins. Charlie is the eldest of the orphaned Rawlins children; eleven, going on twelve, according to Carrie, an age which Miss Price calls "The Age of Not Believing." Accordingly, he is initially cynical and disbelieving of Miss Price's magical efforts, but comes around as time goes on; it is at his initial suggestion that Ms. Price uses the Substitutiary Locomotion spell on the museum artifacts.
Cindy O'Callaghan as Carrie Rawlins. Slightly younger than Charlie, she takes on a motherly attitude toward her brothers, especially Paul. She is the first to encourage a friendly relationship between Miss Price and the children.
Roy Snart as Paul Rawlins. Paul is about six; his possession of the bedknob and the Isle of Naboombu children's book lead to the group's adventures as well as the eventual solution to the quest for the Substitutiary Locomotion spell. Paul is prone to blurting out whatever is on his mind, which occasionally leads to trouble.
Roddy McDowall as Mr. Rowan Jelk, the local clergyman. Deleted scenes reveal Mr. Jelk to be interested in marrying Miss Price, largely for her property.
Sam Jaffe as the Bookman, a mysterious criminal also in pursuit of the Substitutiary Locomotion spell. It is implied that there is some history and bad blood between him and Mr. Browne.
Bruce Forsyth as Swinburne, a spiv and associate of the Bookman's who acts as his muscle.
Tessie O'Shea as Mrs. Jessica "Jessie" Hobday, the local postmistress of Pepperinge Eye and chairwoman of the War Activities Committee.
John Ericson as Colonel Heller, leader of the German raiding party which comes ashore at Pepperinge Eye.
Reginald Owen as Major General Sir Brian Teagler, commander of the local Home Guard.
Arthur Gould-Porter as Captain Ainsley Greer, a British Army captain who comes from HQ in London to inspect the Home Guard and becomes lost in the area. He is constantly running into locals who suspect him of being a Nazi in disguise.
Hank Worden as Old Home Guard Soldier (uncredited)
Cyril Delevanti as Elderly farmer

text: Voices[edit]

text:
Lennie Weinrib as King Leonidas and Secretary Bird. The king is a lion, and a devoted football player with a fearsome temper, as well as a notorious cheat who is known to make up the rules as he goes along – according to Paul's book. His Secretary Bird is a prim and proper type who often bears the brunt of the king's temper.
Dallas McKennon as Bear. The Bear is a sailor and fisherman on the Isle of Naboombu who pulls the bed, with Miss Price's group on it, out of the lagoon with his fishing pole, and takes them to see the King after warning them of his temper.
Bob Holt as Codfish, a denizen of the Naboombu lagoon.

text: Leslie Caron, Lynn Redgrave, Judy Carne, and Julie Andrews were all considered for the role of Eglantine Price before the Disney studio decided on Lansbury.[6] David Tomlinson replaced Ron Moody as Emelius Brown because Moody refused to star in the film unless he received top billing which the studio would not allow. Peter Ustinov was also considered before Tomlinson was cast.[citation needed]

text: Production[edit]

text: This section needs expansion with: further information on the production of Bedknobs and Broomsticks. You can help by adding to it. (November 2017)

text: Filming took place at the Walt Disney Studios in Burbank, California. The castle scenes were shot on location at Corfe Castle, Dorset, England.[citation needed]

text: The armor used for the climactic battle against the Nazis had been assembled in Spain for the movie El Cid and was later shipped to Burbank for use in the movie Camelot before being rented for this film.[citation needed]

text: Release[edit]

text: Bedknobs and Broomsticks was originally intended to be a large-scale epic holiday release similar to Mary Poppins, but after its premiere, it was shortened from its two and a half-hour length (while the liner notes on the soundtrack reissue in 2002 claims it was closer to three hours) to a more manageable (to movie theatres) two hours. Along with a minor subplot involving Roddy McDowall's character, three songs were removed entirely, and the central dance number "Portobello Road" was shortened by more than six minutes. The 139-minute version of the film would eventually be published years later.

text: By 1976, the film had earned rentals of $8.5 million in North America.[7] The movie was reissued theatrically on April 13, 1979, with a shorter running time of 96 minutes and all songs, excluding "Portobello Road" and "Beautiful Briny Sea", muted out.[dubious – discuss]

text: Home media[edit]

text: The film has been released for home several times on VHS and DVD. The initial VHS and Laserdisc is a time-compressed transfer that wouldn't be corrected until the 1986 reprinting for the Wonderland Sale promotion. Upon rediscovering the removed song "A Step in the Right Direction" on the original soundtrack album, Disney decided to reconstruct the film's original running length. Most of the film material was found, but some segments of "Portobello Road" had to be reconstructed from work prints with digital re-coloration to match the film quality of the main content. The footage for "A Step in the Right Direction" was never located. As of 2009, it remains lost, and it is believed[by whom?] that the footage was possibly destroyed. A reconstruction of "A Step in the Right Direction", using the original music track linked up to existing production stills, was included on the DVD as an extra to convey an idea of what the lost sequence would have looked like. The edit included several newly discovered songs, including "Nobody's Problems", performed by Lansbury. The number had been cut before the premiere of the film. Lansbury had only made a demo recording, singing with a solo piano because the orchestrations would have been added when the picture was scored. When the song was cut, the orchestrations had not yet been added; therefore, it was finally orchestrated and put together when it was placed back into the film.

text: The soundtrack for some of the spoken tracks was unrecoverable. Therefore, Lansbury and McDowall re-dubbed their parts, while other actors made ADR dubs for those who were unavailable. Even though David Tomlinson was still alive when the film was being reconstructed, he was in ill-health, and unavailable to provide ADR for Emelius Browne.

text: Some of the alternate actors who re-dubbed the newly inserted scenes had questionable likenesses to that of the original voices (the postmistress, for example, had a British regional accented voice that changed from Welsh to Scottish and back again on the reconstructed scenes). Elements of the underscoring were either moved or extended when it was necessary to benefit the new material. The extended version of the film was released on VHS and DVD on March 20, 2001, to commemorate the 30th anniversary of the film. The reconstruction additionally marks the first time the film was presented in stereophonic sound. A new edition called Bedknobs and Broomsticks: Enchanted Musical Edition was released on DVD on September 8, 2009. This new single-disc edition is an identical transfer to the 30th Anniversary Edition, dropping the Scrapbook and Film Facts to make room for a Wizards of Waverly Place Special Effects featurette and a The Suite Life of Zack & Cody Blu-ray infomercial. The Sherman Brothers Featurette, the lost song "A Step in the Right Direction" and most of the other bonus features are retained from the previous edition.[8]

text: The movie was released on Special Edition Blu-ray, DVD, and Digital HD on August 12, 2014, in its 117-minute General Release Version, with the deleted scenes used in the previous reconstructed version presented in a separate section on the Blu-ray disc. Many fans are disappointed that the 30th anniversary version has not been transferred onto Blu-ray as an option, (e.g. a Blu-ray set containing both the 117 -min and 140-min versions), as despite the ADR dubbing, many still prefer the longer uncut version.

text: Reception[edit]

text: Critical reaction[edit]

text: The film received mixed to positive reviews from critics. It has a score of 63% on Rotten Tomatoes.

text: Accolades[edit]

text: The film received five Academy Award nominations and won one.[9]

text:
Award
Date of ceremony
Category
Recipient(s)
Result

Golden Globe Awards
February 6, 1972
Best Actress – Motion Picture Comedy or Musical
Angela Lansbury
Nominated

Academy Awards
April 10, 1972
Best Special Visual Effects
Alan Maley, Eustace Lycett and Danny Lee
Won

Best Costume Design
Bill Thomas
Nominated

Best Art Direction
Art Direction: John B. Mansbridge and Peter Ellenshaw; Set Decoration: Emile Kuri and Hal Gausman
Nominated

Best Song Original for the Picture
Richard M. Sherman, Robert B. Sherman
Nominated

Best Original Song and Adaptation Score
Song Score: Richard M. Sherman and Robert B. Sherman; Adaptation: Irwin Kostal
Nominated

text: Soundtrack[edit]

text:
Bedknobs and Broomsticks

Soundtrack album by Richard M. Sherman, Robert B. Sherman and Irwin Kostal

Released
1971

Label
Walt Disney

Producer
Richard M. Sherman · Robert B. Sherman · Irwin Kostal

text: The musical score for Bedknobs and Broomsticks was composed by Irwin Kostal, with all songs written by Richard M. Sherman and Robert B. Sherman. A soundtrack album was released by Buena Vista Records in 1971. While the film was released in mono sound, the musical score was recorded in stereo and the soundtrack album was released in stereo. An expanded soundtrack album was later released on CD on August 13, 2002.

text: These songs include:

text:
"The Old Home Guard"
"The Age of Not Believing" (received an Oscar nomination for Best Song Original for the Picture)
"With a Flair" (only in the reconstruction)
"Eglantine"
"Don't Let Me Down" (only in the reconstruction)
"Portobello Road"
"The Beautiful Briny"
"Substitutiary Locomotion"
"A Step in the Right Direction"
"Nobody's Problems" (only in the reconstruction)
"Solid Citizen" (replaced by the soccer match)
"Fundamental Element" (sections were incorporated into "Don't Let Me Down")

text: Cast reunion[edit]

text: The three child stars of the film shared their recollections on an edition of The One Show broadcast on BBC One on 3 May 2016 and Angela Lansbury recorded a short filmed tribute to them.[10] The two boys did not go any further with their film careers; Ian Weighill who played the older boy, Charlie, reportedly became a train engineer and Roy Snart who played the younger boy, Paul, is the head of a software company. Cindy O'Callaghan, who played Carrie, went on to appear in numerous television productions including "EastEnders" and "Gem".[11]

text: Stage musical[edit]

text: A stage musical adaptation of Bedknobs and Broomsticks featuring a book by Brian Hill, additional musical and lyrics by Neil Bartram (in addition to The Sherman Brothers songs) and will be directed and choreographed by Rachel Rockwell. It will make its world premiere at The Yard at the Chicago Shakespeare Theater from May 30 to July 28, 2019.