document_title: List of popes

question_text: who is considered to be the first pope

question_tokens: who is considered to be the first pope

text: List of popes

text: Chronological list

text: 1st millennium

text: 1st century

text:
Popes of the 1st century

Pontiff
number
Pontificate
Portrait
Name: English
· Latin
Personal name
Place of birth
Age at start/
end of papacy
Notes

1
1 April 30
– 29 June 67
(7004136030000000000♠37 years, 89 days)

St Peter
PETRUS
Šimʻōn Kêpâ
(Simon Peter)
AD 1 Bethsaida, Galilea, Roman Empire
29 / 66
Jew. Apostle of Jesus from whom he received the keys of the Kingdom of Heaven, according to Matthew 16:18–19. Executed by crucifixion upside-down; feast day (Feast of Saints Peter and Paul) 29 June, (Chair of Saint Peter) 22 February. He is recognized by the Catholic Church as the first Bishop of Rome appointed by Christ. Also revered as saint in Eastern Christianity, with a feast day of 29 June.[4] The St. Peter's Basilica in Vatican City is named after him.

2
29 June 67
– 23 September 76
(7003337400000000000♠9 years, 86 days)

St Linus
Papa LINUS
Linus
(Lin)
10 AD Volterra, Italia, Roman Empire
57 / 66
First Roman pope. Feast day 23 September. Also revered as a saint in Eastern Christianity, with a feast day of 7 June.

3
23 September 76
– 26 April 88
(7003423300000000000♠11 years, 216 days)

St Anacletus
(Cletus)
Papa ANACLETUS (Cletus)
Anákletos
(Klétos)
(Anaclet or Clet)
25 AD Athens, Greece, Roman Empire
51 / 63
First Greek pope. Martyred; feast day 26 April. Once erroneously split into Cletus and Anacletus.[5]

4
26 April 88
– 23 November 99
(7003422800000000000♠11 years, 211 days)

St Clement I
Papa CLEMENS
Clemens
(Clement)
ca. 35 AD Rome, Roman Empire
53 / 64 (†66)
Roman. Feast day 23 November. Issued 1 Clement which is said to be the basis of apostolic authority for the clergy. Also revered as a saint in Eastern Christianity, with a feast day of 25 November. First Pope to abdicate

5
23 November 99
– 27 October 105
(7003216400000000000♠5 years, 338 days)

St Evaristus
Papa EVARISTUS
Eváristos
(Evarist)
ca. 30 AD Bethlehem, Judea, Roman Empire
69 / 75
Jew. Said to have divided Rome into parishes, assigning a priest to each. Feast day of 26 October.

text: 2nd century

text:
Popes of the 2nd century

Pontiff
number
Pontificate
Portrait
Name: English
· Latin
Personal name
Place of birth
Age at start/
end of papacy
Notes

6
27 October 105
– 3 May 115
(7003347500000000000♠9 years, 188 days)

St Alexander I
Papa ALEXANDER
Alexander
ca. 75 AD Rome, Roman Empire
30 / 40
Roman. Inaugurated the custom of blessing houses with holy water. Also revered as a saint in Eastern Christianity, with a feast day of 18 March.

7
3 May 115
– 3 April 125
(7003362300000000000♠9 years, 335 days)

St Sixtus I
Papa XYSTUS
Xystus
(Sixt)
42 AD Rome, Roman Empire
73 / 83
Roman. Feast day of 6 April. Also revered as a saint in Eastern Christianity, with a feast day of 10 August.

8
3 April 125
– 5 January 136
(7003392900000000000♠10 years, 277 days)

St Telesphorus
Papa TELESPHORUS
Telesfóros
(Telesfore)
ca. 67 AD Terranova da Sibari, Italia, Roman Empire
58 / 69
Greek. Feast day of 5 January. Also revered as a saint in Eastern Christianity, with a feast day of 22 February. Church Father St. Irenaeus called him a great martyr.

9
5 January 136
– 11 January 140
(7003146700000000000♠4 years, 6 days)

St Hyginus
Papa HYGINUS
Ygínos
(Hygin)
ca 74 Athens, Greece, Roman Empire
58 / 62
Greek. Tradition holds he was martyred; feast day 11 January.

10
11 January 140
– 11 July 155
(7003566000000000000♠15 years, 181 days)

St Pius I
Papa PIUS
Pius
(Pie)
ca. 81 AD Aquileia, Italia, Roman Empire
59 / 74
Roman. Martyred by sword; feast day 11 July. Decreed that Easter should only be celebrated on a Sunday.

11
11 July 155
– 20 April 166
(7003393600000000000♠10 years, 283 days)

St Anicetus
Papa ANICETUS
Aníketos
(Anicet)
ca. 92 AD Emesa, Syria, Roman Empire
63 / 74
Greek. First pope from Syria. Tradition holds he was martyred; feast day 17 April. Decreed that priests are not allowed to have long hair.

12
20 April 166
– 22 April 174
(7003292400000000000♠8 years, 2 days)

St Soter
Papa SOTERIUS
Soterius
(Soter)
ca. 119 AD Fondi, Aquileia, Roman Empire
46 / 55
Roman. Tradition holds he was martyred; feast day 22 April. Declared that marriage was valid as a sacrament blessed by a priest; formally inaugurated Easter as an annual festival in Rome.

13
22 April 174
– 26 May 189
(7003551300000000000♠15 years, 34 days)

St Eleuterus
Papa ELEUTHERIUS
Eléutheros
(Eleutery)
ca. 130 AD Nicopolis, Epirus, Roman Empire
45 / 59
Greek. Tradition holds he was martyred; feast day 6 May.

14
26 May 189
– 28 July 199
(7003371500000000000♠10 years, 63 days)

St Victor I
Papa VICTOR
Victor
ca. 120 AD Africa, Roman Empire
34 / 44
Roman. Known for excommunicating Theodotus of Byzantium. Quartodecimanism controversy.

15
28 July 199
– 20 December 217
(7003671900000000000♠18 years, 145 days)

St Zephyrinus
Papa ZEPHYRINUS
Zephyrinus
(Zefyrin)
ca. 160 AD Rome, Roman Empire
39 / 57
Roman. Combated against the adoptionist heresies of the followers of Theodotus the Byzantium who were ruled by Theodotus, the Money Changer and Asclepiodotus.
Although not physically martyred (murdered), he is called a martyr for the suffering he endured.

-
c. 199
– c. 200
(7002365000000000000♠1 year, 0 days)

Natalius
Antipapa NATALIUS
Natalius
(Natale)
Rome, Roman Empire
-
Roman. In opposition to pope Zephyrinus. Later reconciled (see above).

text: 3rd century

text:
Popes of the 3rd century

Pontiff
number
Pontificate
Portrait
Name: English
· Latin
Personal name
Place of birth
Age at start/
end of papacy
Notes

16
20 December 217
– 14 October 222
(7003175900000000000♠4 years, 298 days)

St Callixtus I
Papa CALLIXTUS
Callixtus
(Callixt)
ca. 155 AD Rome, Roman Empire
62 / 67
Roman. Martyred; feast day 14 October.

-
217
– 235
(7003657400000000000♠18 years, 0 days)

St Hippolytus
Antipapa HIPPOLYTUS
Ippólytos
(Hippolyt)
ca 170 AD Rome, Roman Empire
47 / 65
Roman Greek. In opposition to Pope Callistus I, Urban I and Pontian. Later reconciled with Pope Pontian (see above).

17
14 October 222
– 23 May 230
(7003277800000000000♠7 years, 221 days)

St Urban I
Papa URBANUS
Urbanus
(Urban)
ca. 175 AD Rome, Roman Empire
47 / 55
Roman. Also revered as a saint in Eastern Christianity, with a feast day of 25 May.

18
21 August 230
– 28 September 235
(7003186400000000000♠5 years, 38 days)

St Pontian
Papa PONTIANUS
Pontianus
(Pontian)
ca. 175 AD Rome, Roman Empire
55 / 60
Roman. First to abdicate after exile to Sardinia by Emperor Maximinus Thrax. The Liberian Catalogue records his death on 28 September 235, the earliest exact date in papal history.[6][7]

19
21 November 235
– 3 January 236
(7001430000000000000♠43 days)

St Anterus
Papa ANTERUS
Antherós
(Anter)
ca. 180 AD Petilia, Italia, Roman Empire
55 / 56
Greek. Feast day 3 January. Also revered as a saint in Eastern Christianity, with a feast day of 5 August.

20
10 January 236
– 20 January 250
(7003512400000000000♠14 years, 10 days)

St Fabian
Papa FABIANUS
Fabianus
(Fabian)
ca. 200 AD Rome, Roman Empire
36 / 50
Roman. Divided the communities of Rome into seven districts, each supervised by a deacon. Feast day 20 January. Also revered as a saint in Eastern Christianity, with a feast day of 5 August.

21
6 March 251
– 25 June 253

(7002842000000000000♠2 years, 111 days)

St Cornelius
Papa CORNELIUS
Cornelius
(Cornelly)
ca. 180 AD Rome, Roman Empire
71 / 73
Roman. Died as a martyr through extreme hardship; feast day 16 September.

-
March 251
– 258
(7003255700000000000♠7 years, 0 days)

Novatian
Antipapa NOVATIANUS
Novatianus
(Novatian)
ca. 200/20 AD Rome, Roman Empire
31 (51) / 38 (58)
Roman. Founder of Novatianism. In opposition to Pope Cornelius, Lucius I, Stephen I and Sixtus II.

22
25 June 253
– 5 March 254

(7002253000000000000♠253 days)

St Lucius I
Papa LUCIUS
Lucius
(Luces)
ca. 200 AD Rome, Roman Empire
48 / 49
Roman. Feast day 5 March.

23
12 March 254
– 2 August 257
(7003123900000000000♠3 years, 143 days)

St Stephen I
Papa STEPHANUS
Stéfanos
(Stephen)
ca. 205 AD Rome, Roman Empire
54 / 57
Greek Roman. Martyred by beheading; feast day 2 August. Also revered as a saint in Eastern Christianity, with the same feast day.

24
30 August 257
– 6 August 258

(7002341000000000000♠341 days)

St Sixtus II
Papa XYSTUS Secundus
Síxtos
(Sixt)
ca. 215 AD Athens, Greece, Roman Empire
42 / 43
Greek. Martyred by beheading. Also revered as a saint in Eastern Christianity, with a feast day of 10 August.

25
22 July 259
– 26 December 268
(7003344500000000000♠9 years, 157 days)

St Dionysius
Papa DIONYSIUS
Dionýsios
(Dennis)
ca. 200 AD Terranova da Sibari, Italia, Roman Empire
59 / 68
Greek. Feast day 26 December.

26
5 January 269
– 30 December 274
(7003218500000000000♠5 years, 359 days)

St Felix I
Papa FELIX
Felix
ca. 206 AD Rome, Roman Empire
63 / 68
Roman.

27
4 January 275
– 7 December 283
(7003325900000000000♠8 years, 337 days)

St Eutychian
Papa EUTYCHIANUS
Eutychianus
(Eutychian)
ca. 240 AD Luni, Italia, Roman Empire
35 / 43
Roman.

28
17 December 283
– 22 April 296
(7003451000000000000♠12 years, 127 days)

St Caius
Papa CAIUS
Gaíos
(Cay or Gay)
ca. 245 AD Salona, Dalmatia, Roman Empire
38 / 51
Greek. First pope from Croatia. Martyred by beheading (according to legend). Feast day 22 April. Also revered as a saint in Eastern Christianity, with a feast day of 11 August.

29
30 June 296
– 26 April 304
(7003285600000000000♠7 years, 301 days)

St Marcellinus
Papa MARCELLINUS
Marcellinus
(Marcellin)
ca. 250 AD Rome, Roman Empire
46 / 54
Roman. Feast day 26 April. Also revered as a saint in Eastern Christianity, with a feast day of 7 June.

text: 4th century

text:
Popes of the 4th century

Pontiff
number
Pontificate
Portrait
Name: English
· Latin
Personal name
Place of birth
Age at start/
end of papacy
Notes

30
27 May 308
–16 January 309
(7002234000000000000♠234 days)

St Marcellus I
Papa MARCELLUS
Marcellus
(Marcel)
ca. 255 AD Rome, Roman Empire
53 / 54
Roman. Banished from Rome under Maxentius (309).

31
18 April 309
– 17 August 309
(7002121000000000000♠121 days)

St Eusebius
Papa EUSEBIUS
Eusébios
(Eusebe)
ca. 255 AD Sardinia, Roman Empire
54 / 54 (†55)
Greek. Banished by the emperor Maxentius, and died in exile.

32
2 July 311
– 10 January 314
(7002923000000000000♠2 years, 192 days)

St Miltiades
(Melchiades)
Papa MILTIADES
Miltiades
(or Melchiades)
(Miltiade or Melchiade)
ca. 270 AD Africa, Roman Empire
41 / 44
Roman. First pope after the end of the persecution of Christians through the Edict of Milan (313 AD) issued by Constantine the Great. Presided over the Lateran council of 313.

33
31 January 314
– 31 December 335
(7003800400000000000♠21 years, 334 days)

St Sylvester I
Papa SILVESTER
Silvester
(Sylvester)
ca. 285 AD Sant'Angelo a Scala, Apulia et Calabria, Roman Empire
29 / 50
Roman. Feast day 31 December. Also revered as a saint in Eastern Christianity, with a feast day of 2 January. First Council of Nicaea (325). Under him was built: the Basilica of St. John Lateran, Santa Croce in Gerusalemme and Old St. Peter's Basilica. Donation of Constantine.

34
18 January 336
– 7 October 336
(7002263000000000000♠263 days)
(290 - 7 October 336)

St Mark
Papa MARCUS
Marcus
(Mark)
ca. 290 AD Rome, Roman Empire
46 / 46
Roman. One of Mark's undertakings was to compile stories of the lives of martyrs and bishops before his time. There is some reason to believe he founded two churches in the area of Rome. One of them is still known to this day as the Church of San Marco, although it is greatly changed since his time. The other church was at the Catacomb of Balbina, a cemetery. Emperor Constantine gave gifts of land and furnishing for both buildings. Feast day 7 October.

35
6 February 337
– 12 April 352
(7003554400000000000♠15 years, 66 days)

St Julius I
Papa IULIUS
Iulius
(Jules)
ca. 280 AD Rome, Roman Empire
57 / 72
Roman. Arian controversy. Credited with splitting the birth of Christ into two distinct celebrations: The Epiphany stayed on the traditional date, and the Nativity was added on 25 December.

36
17 May 352
– 24 September 366
(7003524300000000000♠14 years, 130 days)

Liberius
Papa LIBERIUS
Liberius
(Libery)
ca. 310 AD Rome, Roman Empire
42 / 56
Roman. Earliest pope not canonized by the Roman Catholic Church. Revered as a saint in Eastern Christianity, with a feast day of 27 August.[8]

-
355
– 22 November 365
(7003365300000000000♠10 years, 0 days)

St Felix II
Antipapa FELIX secundus
Felix
Rome, Roman Empire
-
Roman. In opposition to Pope Liberius. Installed by Roman Emperor Constantius II.

37
1 October 366
– 11 December 384
(7003664600000000000♠18 years, 71 days)

St Damasus I
Papa DAMASUS
Damasus
(Damas)
ca. 305 AD Egitania, Lusitania, Roman Empire
60 / 78
Roman. And the first pope from Portugal. Patron of Jerome, commissioned the Vulgate translation of the Bible. Council of Rome (382).

-
1 October 366
– 16 November 367
(7002411000000000000♠1 year, 46 days)

Ursicinus
Antipapa URSICINUS
Ursinus
(or Ursicinus)
(Ursin or Ursicin)
Rome, Roman Empire
-
Roman. In opposition to Pope Damasus I. Banished to Gallia by the emperor Valentinian II after a war between two sects and died after 384.

38
17 December 384
– 26 November 399
(7003545700000000000♠14 years, 344 days)

St Siricius
Papa SIRICIUS
Sicirius
(Sirice)
ca. 334 AD Rome, Roman Empire
50 / 65
Roman. His famous letters—the earliest surviving texts of papal decretals—focus particularly on religious discipline and include decisions on baptism, consecration, ordination, penance, and continence. Siricius’ important decretal of 386 (written to Bishop Himerius of Tarragona), commanding celibacy for priests, was the first decree on this subject.[9]

39
27 November 399
– 19 December 401
(7002753000000000000♠2 years, 22 days)

St Anastasius I
Papa ANASTASIUS
Anastasius
(Anastase)
ca. 340 AD Rome, Roman Empire
59 / 61
Roman. Instructed priests to stand and bow their heads as they read from the Gospels.

text: 5th century

text:
Popes of the 5th century

Pontiff
number
Pontificate
Portrait
Name: English
· Latin
Personal name
Place of birth
Age at start/
end of papacy
Notes

40
21 December 401
– 12 March 417
(7003556000000000000♠15 years, 81 days)

St Innocent I
Papa INNOCENTIUS
Innocentius
(Innocent)
ca. 378 AD Albano, Latium et Campania, Roman Empire
41 / 57
Roman. Visigoth Sack of Rome (410) under Alaric.

41
18 March 417
– 26 December 418
(7002648000000000000♠1 year, 283 days)

St Zosimus
Papa ZOSIMUS
Zósimos
(Zosim)
ca. 370 AD Mesoraca, Lucania et Bruttii, Roman Empire
47 / 48
Greek.

-
27 December 418
– 3 April 419
(7001970000000000000♠97 days)

Eulalius
Antipapa EULALIUS
Eulalius
(Eulale)
ca. 380 AD Rome, Roman Empire
38 / 39 (†42)
Roman. In opposition to Pope Boniface I. Elected on the eve of the election of Boniface, first benefited from the support of the emperor Honorius, but lost it quickly. Exiled in Campania, and died in 423.

42
28 December 418
– 4 September 422
(7003134600000000000♠3 years, 250 days)

St Boniface I
Papa BONIFACIUS
Bonifacius
(Boniface)
ca. 377 AD Rome, Roman Empire
43 / 47
Roman.

43
10 September 422
– 27 July 432
(7003360800000000000♠9 years, 321 days)

St Celestine I
Papa COELESTINUS
Kelestínos
(Celestine)
ca. 380 AD Campania, Roman Empire
42 / 52
Greek. Also revered as a saint in Eastern Christianity, with a feast day of 8 April.

44
31 July 432
– 18 August 440
(7003294000000000000♠8 years, 18 days)

St Sixtus III
Papa XYXTUS Tertius
Xystus
(Sixt)
ca. 390 AD Rome, Roman Empire
42 / 50
Roman.

45
29 September 440
– 10 November 461
(7003771200000000000♠21 years, 42 days)

St Leo I
(Leo the Great)
Papa LEO MAGNUS
Leo
(Leon)
ca. 390 AD Etruria, Roman Empire
50 / 71
Roman. Convinced Attila the Hun to turn back his invasion of Italy. Wrote the Tome which was instrumental in the Council of Chalcedon and in defining the hypostatic union. Feast day 10 November. Also revered as a saint in Eastern Christianity, with a feast day of 18 February.

46
19 November 461
– 29 February 468
(7003229300000000000♠6 years, 102 days)

St Hilarius
Papa HILARIUS
Ilários
(Hilary)
ca. 400 AD Sardinia, Western Roman Empire
46 / 53
Greek.

47
3 March 468
– 10 March 483
(7003548500000000000♠15 years, 7 days)

St Simplicius
Papa SIMPLICIUS
Simplicius
(Simplice)
ca. 430 AD Tivoli, Western Roman Empire
38 / 53
Roman. Papacy during the collapse of the Western Roman Empire and subsequent overtaking of Rome and Italy in general by Odoacer.

48
13 March 483
– 1 March 492
(7003327600000000000♠8 years, 354 days)

St Felix III (Felix II)
Papa FELIX Tertius (Secundus)
Felix Anicius
(Felix)
ca. 440 AD Rome, Western Roman Empire
43 / 52
Roman. Sometimes called Felix II. Great-great-grandfather of pope Gregory I.

49
1 March 492
– 21 November 496
(7003172600000000000♠4 years, 265 days)

St Gelasius I
Papa GELASIUS
Gelásios
(Gelase)
ca. 410 AD Kabylie, Africa, Western Roman Empire
82 / 86
Greek. The last pope to have been born on the continent of Africa. The first pope called the "Vicar of Christ".[10]

50
24 November 496
– 19 November 498
(7002725000000000000♠1 year, 360 days)

Anastasius II
Papa ANASTASIUS Secundus
Anastasius
(Anastase)
ca. 445 AD Rome, Western Roman Empire
51 / 53
Roman. Tried to end the Acacian schism but it resulted in the Laurentian schism.

51
22 November 498
– 19 July 514
(7003571700000000000♠15 years, 239 days)

St Symmachus
Papa SYMMACHUS
Sýmmakhos
(Symmack)
ca. 460 AD Sardinia, Western Roman Empire
38 / 54
Greek.

-
22 November 498
– August 506/8
(7003280800000000000♠7 years, 252 days)

Laurence
Antipapa LAURENTIUS
Laurentius
(Laurence)
ca. 460 AD Rome, Western Roman Empire
38 / 46 (†48)
Roman. In opposition to Pope Symmachus. Elected on the same day as Symachus, King Theodoric settled in favor of his adversary. Took control of Rome in 501 and remained pope in fact until 506/08, year of his death.

text: 6th century

text:
Popes of the 6th century

Pontiff
number
Pontificate
Portrait
Name: English
· Latin
Personal name
Place of birth
Age at start/
end of papacy
Notes

52
20 July 514
– 6 August 523
(7003330400000000000♠9 years, 17 days)

St Hormisdas
Papa HORMISDAS
Hormisdas
(Hormisda)
ca. 450 AD Frosinone, Latium et Campania, Western Roman Empire
39 / 48
Roman. Father of Pope Silverius. Acacian schism.

53
13 August 523
– 18 May 526
(7003100900000000000♠2 years, 278 days)

St John I
Papa IOANNES
Ioannes
(John)
ca. 470 AD Siena, Etruria, Western Roman Empire
53 / 56
Roman.

54
12 July 526
– 22 September 530
(7003153300000000000♠4 years, 72 days)

St Felix IV
(Felix III)
Papa FELIX Quartus (Tertius)
Felix
ca. 490 AD Samnium, Kingdom of Odoacer
36 / 40
Roman. Sometimes called Felix III. Built Santi Cosma e Damiano.

55
22 September 530
– 17 October 532
(7002756000000000000♠2 years, 25 days)

Boniface II
Papa BONIFACIUS Secundus
Bonifacius
(Boniface)
ca. 490 AD Rome, Kingdom of Odoacer
40 / 42
Roman. Changed the numbering of the years in the Julian Calendar from Ab Urbe Condita to Anno Domini.

-
22 September 530
– 14 October 530
(7001220000000000000♠22 days)

Dioscorus
Antipapa DIOSCORUS
Dióskoros
(Dioscore)
Alexandria, Aégyptos, Eastern Roman Empire
-
Greek. In opposition to Pope Boniface II. Candidate of the Byzantine party, elected by the majority of the cardinals and recognized by Constantinople, he died less than a month after his election.

56
2 January 533
– 8 May 535
(7002856000000000000♠2 years, 126 days)

John II
Papa IOANNES Secundus
Mercurius
(Mercury)
Rome, Western Roman Empire
63 / 65
Roman. First pope not to use his personal name. This was because of the Roman god, Mercury.

57
13 May 535
– 22 April 536
(7002356000000000000♠356 days)

St Agapetus I
Papa AGAPITUS
Agapitus
(Agapet)
ca. 570 AD Rome, Kingdom of Odoacer
45 / 46
Roman. Feast days 22 April and 20 September. Also revered as a saint in Eastern Christianity, with a feast day of 17 April.

58
8 June 536
– 11 March 537
(7002276000000000000♠276 days)

St Silverius
Papa SILVERIUS
Silverius
(Silvery)
ca. 480 AD Ceccano, Ostrogothic Kingdom
56 / 57
Roman. Exiled; feast day 20 June, son of Pope Hormisdas.

59
29 March 537
– 7 June 555
(7003664400000000000♠18 years, 70 days)

Vigilius
Papa VIGILIUS
Vigilius
(Vigile)
ca. 500 AD Rome, Kingdom of Odoacer
37 / 55
Roman.

60
16 April 556
– 4 March 561
(7003178300000000000♠4 years, 322 days)

Pelagius I
Papa PELAGIUS
Pelagius
(Pelage)
ca. 505 AD Rome, Ostrogothic Kingdom
51 / 56
Roman. Credited with the construction of the basilica of Santi Apostoli.

61
17 July 561
– 13 July 574
(7003474400000000000♠12 years, 361 days)

John III
Papa IOANNES Tertius
Catelinus
(Catelin)
ca 520 AD Rome, Ostrogothic Kingdom
41 / 54
Roman.

62
2 June 575
– 30 July 579
(7003151900000000000♠4 years, 58 days)

Benedict I
Papa BENEDICTUS
Benedictus
(Benedict)
ca. 525 AD Rome, Ostrogothic Kingdom
50 / 54
Roman.

63
26 November 579
– 7 February 590
(7003372600000000000♠10 years, 73 days)

Pelagius II
Papa PELAGIUS Secundus
Pelagius
(Pelage)
ca. 520 AD Rome, Ostrogothic Kingdom
59 / 70
Roman. Ordered the construction of the Basilica di San Lorenzo fuori le Mura.

64
3 September 590
– 12 March 604
(7003493800000000000♠13 years, 191 days)

St Gregory I
(Gregory the Great)
Papa GREGORIUS MAGNUS
Gegorius Anicius
(Gregory)
O.S.B.
ca., 540 AD Rome, Eastern Roman Empire
50 / 64
Last imperial Roman Pope. Great-great-grandson of pope Felix III. The first formally to employ the titles Servus servorum Dei and Pontifex Maximus. Established the Gregorian chant. Feast day 3 September. Also revered as a saint in Eastern Christianity, with a feast day of 12 March. Known as "the Father of Christian Worship". Known as "St. Gregory the Dialogist" in Eastern Orthodoxy.

text: 7th century

text:
Popes of the 7th century

Pontiff
number
Pontificate
Portrait
Name: English
· Latin
Personal name
Place of birth
Age at start/
end of papacy
Notes

65
13 September 604
– 22 February 606
(7002527000000000000♠1 year, 162 days)

Sabinian
Papa SABINIANUS
Sabinianós
(Sabinian)
ca. 530 AD Blera, Eastern Roman Empire
74 / 76
Greek. For the next two centuries the Roman popes were all controlled by the Eastern Roman Empire.

66
19 February 607
– 12 November 607
(7002266000000000000♠266 days)

Boniface III
Papa BONIFACIUS Tertius
Bonifátios
(Boniface)
ca., 540 AD Rome, Eastern Roman Empire
67 / 67
Greek (actually Hellenistic Roman).

67
15 September 608
– 8 May 615
(7003242600000000000♠6 years, 235 days)

St Boniface IV
Papa BONIFACIUS Quartus
Bonifátios
(Boniface)
O.S.B.
ca. 570 AD Marsica, Eastern Roman Empire
48 / 55
Greek. First pope to bear the same name as his immediate predecessor. Member of the Order of Saint Benedict.

68
13 November 615
– 8 November 618
(7003109100000000000♠2 years, 360 days)

St Adeodatus I
(Deusdedit)
Papa ADEODATUS sive DEUSDEDIT
Adeodátos
(or Theódotos)
(Adeodat or Deusdedit)
ca. 575 AD Rome, Eastern Roman Empire
45 / 48
Greek. Sometimes called Deusdedit, as a result Pope Adeodatus II is sometimes called Pope Adeodatus without a number. The first pope to use lead seals on papal documents, which in time came to be called Papal bulls.

69
23 December 619
– 25 October 625
(7003213300000000000♠5 years, 306 days)

Boniface V
Papa BONIFACIUS Quintus
Bonifátios
(Boniface)
ca. 575 AD Naples, Eastern Roman Empire
44 / 50
Greek.

70
27 October 625
– 12 October 638
(7003473300000000000♠12 years, 350 days)

Honorius I
Papa HONORIUS
Onórios
(Honory)
ca. 585 AD Campania, Eastern Roman Empire
40 / 53
Greek. Named a heretic and anathematized by the Third Council of Constantinople. (680)

71
28 May 640
– 2 August 640
(7001660000000000000♠66 days)

Severinus
Papa SEVERINUS
Severínos
(Severin)
ca. 585 AD Rome, Eastern Roman Empire
55 / 55
Greek.

72
24 December 640
– 12 October 642
(7002657000000000000♠1 year, 292 days)

John IV
Papa IOANNES Quartus
Ioánnis
(John)
ca. 587 AD Zadar, Dalmatia, Eastern Roman Empire
40 / 42
Greek. Second pope from Croatia.

73
24 November 642
– 14 May 649
(7003236300000000000♠6 years, 171 days)

Theodore I
Papa THEODORUS
Theódoros
(Theodore)
ca. 610 AD Jerusalem, Eastern Roman Empire
32 / 39
Greek. The last pope from Palestine. Planned the Lateran Council of 649, but died before it could open.

74
5 July 649
– 12 November 655
(7003232100000000000♠6 years, 130 days)

St Martin I
Papa MARTINUS
Martínos
(Martin)
ca. 590 AD Near Todi, Umbria, Eastern Roman Empire
59 / 65
Greek. Last pope recognized as a martyr. Feast day of 12 November. Also revered as a saint in Eastern Christianity, with a feast day of 14 April.

75
10 August 654
– 2 June 657
(7003102700000000000♠2 years, 296 days)

St Eugene I
Papa EUGENIUS
Eugénios
(Eugene)
ca. 615 AD Rome, Duchy of Rome
(formally Eastern Roman Empire)
39 / 42
Greek.

76
30 July 657
– 27 January 672
(7003529400000000000♠14 years, 181 days)

St Vitalian
Papa VITALIANUS
Vitalianós
(Vitalian)
ca. 600 Segni, Duchy of Rome
(formally Eastern Roman Empire)
57 / 72
Greek.

77
11 April 672
– 17 June 676
(7003152800000000000♠4 years, 67 days)

Adeodatus II
Papa ADEODATUS Secundus
Adeodátos
(Adeodat)
O.S.B.
ca. 621 Rome, Duchy of Rome
(formally Eastern Roman Empire)
51 / 55
Greek. Sometimes called Pope Adeodatus (without a number) in reference to Pope Adeodatus I sometimes being called Pope Deusdedit. Member of the Order of Saint Benedict.

78
2 November 676
– 11 April 678
(7002525000000000000♠1 year, 160 days)

Donus
Papa DONUS
Dónos
(Don)
ca. 610 Rome, Duchy of Rome
(formally Eastern Roman Empire)
66 / 68
Greek.

79
27 June 678
– 10 January 681
(7002928000000000000♠2 years, 197 days)

St Agatho
Papa AGATHO
Agáthon
(Agaton)
ca. 577 Palermo, Eastern Roman Empire
101 / 104
Greek. The oldest pope in history. Also revered as a saint in Eastern Christianity, with a feast day of 20 February.

80
17 August 682
– 3 July 683
(7002320000000000000♠320 days)

St Leo II
Papa LEO Secundus
Léon
(Leon)
ca. 611 Aidone, Eastern Roman Empire
71 / 72
Greek. Feast day 3 July.

81
26 June 684
– 8 May 685
(7002316000000000000♠316 days)

St Benedict II
Papa BENEDICTUS Secundus
Benédiktos Sávellis
(Benedict)
ca. 635Rome, Duchy of Rome
(formally Eastern Roman Empire)
49 / 50
Greek. Feast day 7 May.

82
23 July 685
– 2 August 686
(7002375000000000000♠1 year, 10 days)

John V
Papa IOANNES Quintus
Ioánnis
(John)
ca. 635 Syria, Eastern Roman Empire
50 / 51
Greek.

83
21 October 686
– 21 September 687
(7002335000000000000♠335 days)

Conon
Papa CONON
Kónon
(Conon)
ca. 630 Thrace, Eastern Roman Empire
56 / 57
Greek.

84
15 December 687
– 8 September 701
(7003501500000000000♠13 years, 267 days)

St Sergius I
Papa SERGIUS
Sérgios
(Serge)
ca. 650 Palermo, Eastern Roman Empire
37 / 51
Greek. Introduced the singing of the Lamb of God at mass.[10]

text: 8th century

text:
Popes of the 8th century

Pontiff
number
Pontificate
Portrait
Name: English
· Latin
Personal name
Place of birth
Age at start/
end of papacy
Notes

85
30 October 701
– 11 January 705
(7003116900000000000♠3 years, 73 days)

John VI
Papa IOANNES Sextus
Ioánnis
(John)
ca. 650 Ephesus, Eastern Roman Empire
46 / 50
Greek. The only pope came from Asia Minor.

86
1 March 705
– 18 October 707
(7002961000000000000♠2 years, 231 days)

John VII
Papa IOANNES Septimus
Ioánnis
(John)
ca. 655 Rossano, Calabria, Eastern Roman Empire
55 / 57
Greek.The second pope to bear the same name as his immediate predecessor.

87
15 January 708
– 4 February 708
(7001200000000000000♠20 days)

Sisinnius
Papa SISINNIUS
Sisínios
(Sisinny)
ca. 650 Syria, Rashidun Caliphate
58 / 58
Greek.

88
25 March 708
– 9 April 715
(7003257100000000000♠7 years, 15 days)

Constantine
Papa COSTANTINUS sive CONSTANTINUS
Konstantínos
(Constantine)
ca. 664 Syria, Umayyad Caliphate
44 / 51
Greek. Last pope to visit Greece while in office, until John Paul II in 2001.

89
19 May 715
– 11 February 731
(7003574700000000000♠15 years, 268 days)

St Gregory II
Papa GREGORIUS Secundus
Grigórios
(Gregory)
ca. 669 Rome, Duchy of Rome
(formally Eastern Roman Empire)
46 / 62
Greek. Feast day 11 February. Held the Synod of Rome (721).

90
18 March 731
– 28 November 741
(7003390800000000000♠10 years, 255 days)

St Gregory III
Papa GREGORIUS Tertius
Grigórios
(Gregory)
ca. 669 Syria, Umayyad Caliphate
41 / 51
Greek. The last pope from Syria. The third pope to bear the same name as his immediate predecessor. Was previously the last pope to have been born outside Europe until the election of Francis in 2013.

91
3 December 741
– 22 March 752
(7003376200000000000♠10 years, 110 days)

St Zachary
Papa ZACHARIAS
Zacharías
(Zachary)
ca. 679 Santa Severina, Calabria, Eastern Roman Empire
62 / 73
Greek. Feast day 15 March. Built the church of Santa Maria sopra Minerva.

(never con-
secrated)
22 March 752
– 25 March 752
(7000300000000000000♠3 days)
(Never took office as pope)

Pope-elect Stephen
(Stephen II)
Papa Electus STEPHANUS
(STEPHANUS Secundus)
Stéfanos
(Stephen)
ca. 700 Rome, Duchy of Rome
(formally Eastern Roman Empire)
52 / 52
Greek. Sometimes known as Stephen II. Died three days after his election; never receiving episcopal consecration. Some lists still include him. The Vatican sanctioned his addition in the sixteenth century; removed in 1961. He is no longer considered a pope by the Catholic Church.

92
26 March 752
– 26 April 757
(7003185700000000000♠5 years, 31 days)

Stephen II
(Stephen III)
Papa STEPHANUS Secundus (Tertius)
Stéfanos
(Stephen)
ca. 714 Rome, Duchy of Rome
(formally Eastern Roman Empire)
38 / 43
Greek. Sometimes called Stephen III. The Donation of Pepin. Brother of Paul I.

93
29 May 757
– 28 June 767
(7003368200000000000♠10 years, 30 days)

St Paul I
Papa PAULUS
Pávlos
(Paul)
ca. 700 Rome, Duchy of Rome
(formally Eastern Roman Empire)
57 / 67
Greek. Brother of Stephen II.

94
7 August 768
– 24 January 772
(7003126500000000000♠3 years, 170 days)

Stephen III
(Stephen IV)
Papa STEPHANUS Tertius (Quartus)
Stéfanos
(Stephen)
ca. 723 Syracuse, Duchy of Rome
(formally Eastern Roman Empire)
45 / 49
Greek. Sometimes called Stephen IV. The Lateran Council (769).

95
1 February 772
– 26 December 795
(7003872900000000000♠23 years, 328 days)

Adrian I
Papa HADRIANUS
Adriános
(Adrian)
a. 700/12 Rome, Duchy of Rome
(formally Eastern Roman Empire)
60 (72) / 83 (95)
Greek.

96
26 December 795
– 12 June 816
(7003747400000000000♠20 years, 169 days)

St Leo III
Papa LEO Tertius
Léon
ca. 750 Rome, Papal States
45 / 66
Greek. Crowned Charlemagne Imperator Augustus on Christmas Day, 800, thereby initiating what would become the office of Holy Roman Emperor requiring the imprimatur of the pope for its legitimacy.

text: 9th century

text:
Popes of the 9th century

Pontiff
number
Pontificate
Portrait
Name: English
· Latin
Personal name
Place of birth
Age at start/
end of papacy
Notes

97
22 June 816
– 24 January 817
(7002216000000000000♠216 days)

Stephen IV
(Stephen V)
Papa STEPHANUS Quartus (Quintus)
Stefanos
ca. 770 Rome, Papal States
46 / 47
Early Italian. Sometimes called Stephen V.

98
25 January 817
– 11 February 824
(7003257300000000000♠7 years, 17 days)

St Paschal I
Papa PASCHALIS
Paschális
ca. 775 Rome, Papal States
42 / 49
Italian. Credited with finding the body of Saint Cecilia in the Catacomb of Callixtus, building the basilica of Santa Cecilia in Trastevere and the church of Santa Maria in Domnica.

99
8 May 824
– 27 August 827
(7003120600000000000♠3 years, 111 days)

Eugene II
Papa EUGENIUS Secundus
Evgénios (sometimes "Evgénios")
ca. 780 Rome, Papal States
44 / 47
Italian.

100
31 August 827
– 10 October 827
(7001400000000000000♠40 days)

Valentine
Papa VALENTINUS
Valentínos
ca. 780 Rome, Papal States
47 / 47
Italian.

101
20 December 827
– 25 January 844
(7003588000000000000♠16 years, 36 days)

Gregory IV
Papa GREGORIUS Quartus
Gregorio
ca./ 790 Rome, Papal States
37 / 54
Italian. Rebuilt the atrium of St. Peter’s Basilica and in the newly decorated chapel transferred the body of Gregory I.

102
25 January 844
– 27 January 847
(7003109800000000000♠3 years, 2 days)

Sergius II
Papa SERGIUS Secundus
Sergorio
ca. 790 Rome, Papal States
54 / 57
Italian.

103
10 April 847
– 17 July 855
(7003302000000000000♠8 years, 98 days)

St Leo IV
Papa LEO Quartus
Leone
O.S.B.
ca. 790 Rome, Papal States
57 / 65
Italian. Member of the Order of Saint Benedict.

104
29 September 855
– 7 April 858
(7002921000000000000♠2 years, 190 days)

Benedict III
Papa BENEDICTUS Tertius
Benedetto
ca. 810 Rome, Papal States
45 / 48
Italian.

105
24 April 858
– 13 November 867
(7003349000000000000♠9 years, 203 days)

St Nicholas I
(Nicholas the Great)
Papa NICOLAUS MAGNUS
Niccolò
ca. 800 Rome, Papal States
39 / 48
Italian. Encouraged missionary activity.

106
14 December 867
– 14 December 872
(7003182700000000000♠5 years, 0 days)

Adrian II
Papa HADRIANUS Secundus
Adriano
ca. 792 Rome, Papal States
75 / 80
Italian.

107
14 December 872
– 16 December 882
(7003365400000000000♠10 years, 2 days)

John VIII
Papa IOANNES Octavus
Giovanni
ca. 820 Rome, Papal States
52 / 62
Italian. First pope to be assassinated.

108
16 December 882
– 15 May 884
(7002516000000000000♠1 year, 151 days)

Marinus I
Papa MARINUS
Marino
ca. 830 Gallese, Papal States
52 / 54
Italian. Sometimes also known as and called "Martin II."

109
17 May 884
– 15 September 885
(7002486000000000000♠1 year, 121 days)

St Adrian III
Papa HADRIANUS Tertius
Adriano
ca. 830 Rome, Papal States
49 / 50
Italian. Feast day 8 July. Maybe the pope Adrian I was his ancestor.

110
14 September 885
– 4 September 891
(7003218100000000000♠5 years, 355 days)

Stephen V
(Stephen VI)
Papa STEPHANUS Quintus (Sextus)
Stefano
ca. 840 Rome, Papal States
45 / 51
Italian. Sometimes called Stephen VI.

111
6 October 891
– 4 April 896
(7003164200000000000♠4 years, 181 days)

Formosus
Papa FORMOSUS
Formoso
ca. 805/16 Ostia, Papal States
75 (85) / 80 (91)
Italian. Posthumously ritually executed following the Cadaver Synod.

112
11 April 896
– 26 April 896
(7001150000000000000♠15 days)

Boniface VI
Papa BONIFATIUS Sextus
Bonifacio
ca. 806 Rome, Papal States
90 / 90
Italian.

113
22 May 896
– 14 August 897
(7002449000000000000♠1 year, 84 days)

Stephen VI
(Stephen VII)
Papa STEPHANUS Sextus (Septimus)
Stefano
ca. 850 Rome, Papal States
46 / 47
Italian. Sometimes called Stephen VII. Held the infamous Cadaver Synod.

114
14 August 897
– November 897
(7001920000000000000♠92 days)

Romanus
Papa ROMANUS
Romano
ca. 850 Gallese, Papal States
47 / 47
Italian.

115
December 897
- 20 December 897
(7001190000000000000♠19 days)

Theodore II
Papa THEODORUS Secundus
Teodoro
ca. 840 Rome, Papal States
57 / 57
Italian.

116
18 January 898
– 5 January 900
(7002717000000000000♠1 year, 352 days)

John IX
Papa IOANNES Nonus
Giovanni
O.S.B.
ca. 840 Tivoli, Papal States
58 / 60
Italian. Member of the Order of Saint Benedict.

117
1 February 900
– 30 July 903
(7003127400000000000♠3 years, 179 days)

Benedict IV
Papa BENEDICTUS Quartus
Benedetto
ca. 840 Rome, Papal States
60 / 63
Italian.

text: 10th century

text:
Popes of the 10th century

Pontiff
number
Pontificate
Portrait
Name: English
· Latin
Personal name
Place of birth
Age at start/
end of papacy
Notes

118
30 July 903
– December 903
(7002124000000000000♠124 days)

Leo V
Papa LEO Quintus
Leone
ca. 845 Ardea, Papal States
58 / 58 (†59)
Italian. Deposed and murdered.

119
29 January 904
– 14 April 911
(7003263200000000000♠7 years, 75 days)

Sergius III
Papa SERGIUS Tertius
Sergio
c. 860 Rome, Papal States
44 / 51
Italian. "Saeculum obscurum" begins. The first pope to be depicted with the Papal Tiara.

120
14 April 911
– June 913
(7002779000000000000♠2 years, 48 days)

Anastasius III
Papa ANASTASIUS Tertius
Anastasio
ca. 865 Rome, Papal States
46 / 48
Italian.

121
7 July 913
– 5 February 914
(7002213000000000000♠213 days)

Lando
Papa LANDO
Lando
ca. 865 Sabina, Papal States
48 / 49
Italian.

122
March 914
– 28 May 928
(7003520200000000000♠14 years, 88 days)

John X
Papa IOANNES Decimus
Giovanni
ca. 860 Tossignano, Romagna (formally part of the Papal States)
54 / 68
Italian.

123
28 May 928
– December 928
(7002187000000000000♠187 days)

Leo VI
Papa LEO Sextus
Leone
ca. 880 Rome, Papal States
48 / 48
Italian.

124
3 February 929
– 13 February 931
(7002740000000000000♠2 years, 10 days)

Stephen VII
(Stephen VIII)
Papa STEPHANUS Septimus (Octavus)
Stefano
ca. 880 Rome, Papal States
49 / 51
Italian. Sometimes called Stephen VIII.

125
15 March 931
– December 935
(7003172200000000000♠4 years, 261 days)

John XI
Papa IOANNES Undecimus
Giovanni
ca. 910 Rome, Papal States
21 / 25
Italian. Probably, according to the Liber Pontificalis and Liutprand of Cremona, the son of Pope Sergius III, and not of Alberic I of Spoleto, who was Marozia's husband.

126
3 January 936
– 13 July 939
(7003128700000000000♠3 years, 191 days)

Leo VII
Papa LEO Septimus
Leone
O.S.B.
ca. 885 Rome, Papal States
41 / 44
Italian. Member of the Order of Saint Benedict.

127
14 July 939
– 30 October 942
(7003120400000000000♠3 years, 108 days)

Stephen VIII
(Stephen IX)
Papa STEPHANUS Octavus (Nonus)
Stefano
ca. 900 Rome, Papal States
39 / 42
Italian. Sometimes called Stephen IX.

128
30 October 942
– 1 May 946
(7003127900000000000♠3 years, 183 days)

Marinus II
Papa MARINUS Secundus
Marino
ca. 900 Rome, Papal States
42 / 46
Italian.

129
10 May 946
– 8 November 955
(7003346900000000000♠9 years, 182 days)

Agapetus II
Papa AGAPITUS Secundus
Agapito
ca. 905 Rome, Papal States
41 / 50
Italian.

130
16 December 955
– 6 December 963
(7003327800000000000♠8 years, 356 days)

John XII
Papa IOANNES Duodecimus
Ottaviano dei Conti di Tuscolo
Rome, Papal States
18 / 26
Italian. Third Pope not to use his personal name, after John II and John III. Deposed in 963 by Emperor Otto invalidly; end of the "Saeculum obscurum".

-
6 December 963
– 26 February 964
(7001820000000000000♠82 days)

Leo VIII
Antipapa LEO Octavus
Leone
ca. 915 Rome, Papal States
48 / 49
Italian. Appointed antipope by Emperor Otto in 963 in opposition to John XII and Benedict V. He became the true pope after Benedict V was deposed.
}}

130
26 February 964
– 14 May 964
(7001780000000000000♠78 days)

John XII
Papa IOANNES Duodecimus
Ottaviano dei Conti di Tuscolo
ca. 937 Rome, Papal States
27 / 27
Italian. Murdered in 964.

131
22 May 964
– 23 June 964
(7001320000000000000♠32 days)

Benedict V
Papa BENEDICTUS Quintus
Benedetto
ca. 915 Rome, Papal States
49 / 49 (†50)
Italian. Elected by the people of Rome, in opposition to the Antipope Leo VIII who was appointed by Emperor Otto; he accepted his own deposition in 964 leaving Leo VIII as the sole pope.

132
23 June 964
– 1 March 965
(7002251000000000000♠251 days)

Leo VIII
Papa LEO Octavus
Leone
ca. 915 Rome, Papal States
49 / 50
Italian. Became the true pope after Benedict V was deposed, after being antipope from 963 to 964, in opposition to Pope John XII and Pope Benedict V. An appointee of the Holy Roman Emperor, Otto I, his pontificate occurred during the period known as the Saeculum obscurum.

133
1 October 965
– 6 September 972
(7003253200000000000♠6 years, 341 days)

John XIII
Papa IOANNES Tertius Decimus
Giovanni dei Crescenzi
ca. 930 Rome, Papal States
45 / 52
Italian. Chronicled after his death as "the Good".

134
19 January 973
– 8 June 974
(7002505000000000000♠1 year, 140 days)

Benedict VI
Papa BENEDICTUS Sextus
Benedetto
ca. 925 Rome, Papal States
48 / 49
Italian. Deposed and murdered.

135
October 974
– 10 July 983
(7003320400000000000♠8 years, 282 days)

Benedict VII
Papa BENEDICTUS Septimus
Benedetto
ca. 930 Rome, Papal States
44 / 53
Italian.

136
December 983
– 20 August 984
(7002263000000000000♠263 days)

John XIV
Papa IOANNES Quartus Decimus
Pietro Canepanova
ca. 940 Pavia, Kingdom of Italy, Holy Roman Empire
43 / 44
Italian. Fourth Pope not to use his personal name, after John II, John III and John XII.

137
20 August 985
– 1 April 996
(7003387700000000000♠10 years, 225 days)

John XV
Papa IOANNES Quintus Decimus
Giovanni di Gallina Alba
ca. 950 Rome, Papal States
35 / 46
Italian. The first pope to formally canonize a saint.

138
3 May 996
– 18 February 999
(7003102100000000000♠2 years, 291 days)

Gregory V
Papa GREGORIUS Quintus
Bruno von Kärnten
(Bruno of Carinthia)
ca. 972 Duchy of Saxony, Holy Roman Empire
24 / 27
The first German Pope and fifth not to use his personal name. Henceforth, this decision became tradition among future popes.

139
2 April 999
– 12 May 1003
(7003150000000000000♠4 years, 40 days)

Sylvester II
Papa SILVESTER Secundus
Gerbert d'Aurillac
ca. 940/42 Belliac, France
52 (54) / 56 (58)
The first French pope.

text: 2nd millennium

text: 11th century

text:
Popes of the 11th century

Pontiff
number
Pontificate
Portrait
Name: English
· Latin
Personal name
Place of birth
Age at start/
end of papacy
Notes

140
16 May 1003
– 6 November 1003
(7002174000000000000♠174 days)

John XVII
Papa IOANNES Septimus Decimus
Siccone
Secchi
ca. 955 Rome, Papal States
48 / 48
Italian.

141
25 December 1003
– 18 July 1009
(7003203200000000000♠5 years, 205 days)

John XVIII
Papa IOANNES Duodevi-
cesimus
Giovanni
Fasano
ca. 965 Rapagnano,
Papal States
43 / 49
Italian.

142
31 July 1009
– 12 May 1012
(7003101600000000000♠2 years, 286 days)

Sergius IV
Papa SERGIUS Quartus
Pietro Boccadiporco, O.S.B.
Rome, Papal States
44 / 47
Italian.

143
18 May 1012
– 9 April 1024
(7003434400000000000♠11 years, 327 days)

Benedict VIII
Papa BENEDICTUS Octavus
Teofilatto dei Conti di Tuscolo
ca. 980 Rome, Papal States
32 / 44
Italian.

144
14 May 1024
– 6 October 1032
(7003306700000000000♠8 years, 145 days)

John XIX
Papa IOANNES Undevices-
imus
Romano dei Conti di Tuscolo
ca. 975 Rome, Papal States
49 / 57
Italian. Brother of Benedict VIII.

145
21 October 1032
– 31 December 1044
(7003445400000000000♠12 years, 71 days)

Benedict IX
Papa BENEDICTUS Nonus
Teofilatto dei Conti di Tuscolo
Rome, Papal States
20 / 32 (†43)
Italian; 1st Term.

146
13 January 1045
– 10 March 1045
(7001560000000000000♠56 days)

Sylvester III
Papa SILVESTER Tertius
Giovanni dei Crescenzi Ottaviani
ca. 1000 Rome, Papal States
45 / 45 (†63)
Italian. Validity of election questioned; considered Anti-Pope; deposed at the Council of Sutri.

147
10 March 1045
– 1 May 1045
(7001520000000000000♠52 days)

Benedict IX
Papa BENEDICTUS Nonus
Teofilatto dei Conti di Tuscolo
Rome, Papal States
33 / 33 (†43)
Italian. 2nd Term; deposed at the Council of Sutri.

148
5 May 1045
– 20 December 1046
(7002594000000000000♠1 year, 229 days)

Gregory VI
Papa GREGORIUS Sextus
Giovanni Graziano Pierleoni
ca. 1000 Rome, Papal States
45 / 46 (†48)
Italian. Deposed at the Council of Sutri.

149
24 December 1046
– 9 October 1047
(7002289000000000000♠289 days)

Clement II
Papa CLEMENS Secundus
Suidger von Morsleben-Hornburg
ca. 967 Hornburg, Duchy of Saxony, Holy Roman Empire
79 / 80
German. Appointed by Henry III at the Council of Sutri; crowned Henry III as Holy Roman Emperor.

150
8 November 1047
– 17 July 1048
(7002252000000000000♠252 days)

Benedict IX
Papa BENEDICTUS Nonus
Teofilatto dei Conti di Tuscolo
Rome, Papal States
35 / 36 (†43)
Italian. 3rd Term; deposed and excommunicated.

151
16 July 1048
– 9 August 1048
(7001240000000000000♠24 days)

Damasus II
Papa DAMASUS Secundus
Poppo de' Curagnoni
ca. 1000 Pildenau, Duchy of Bavaria, Holy Roman Empire
48 / 48
German.

152
12 February 1049
– 19 April 1054
(7003189200000000000♠5 years, 66 days)

St Leo IX
Papa LEO Nonus
Bruno von Count of Dagsbourg
21 July 1002 Eguisheim, Duchy of Swabia, Holy Roman Empire
47 / 51
German. In 1054, mutual excommunications of Leo IX and Patriarch of Constantinople Michael I Cerularius began the East–West Schism. The anathematizations were rescinded by Pope Paul VI and Patriarch Athenagoras in 1965.[11]

153
13 April 1055
– 28 July 1057
(7002837000000000000♠2 years, 106 days)

Victor II
Papa VICTOR Secundus
Gebhard II von Calw-Dollnstein-Hirschberg
ca. 1018 Duchy of Swabia, Holy Roman Empire
37 / 39
German.

154
2 August 1057
– 29 March 1058
(7002239000000000000♠239 days)

Stephen IX
(Stephen X)
Papa STEPHANUS Nonus (Decimus)
Frederich, Herzog von Lothringen, O.S.B.
ca. 1020 Duchy of Lorraine, Holy Roman Empire
37 / 38
German. Sometimes called Stephen X. Member of the Order of Saint Benedict.

155
6 December 1058
– 27 July 1061
(7002964000000000000♠2 years, 233 days)

Nicholas II
Papa NICOLAUS Secundus
Gerard de Bourgogne
ca. 980 Château de Chevron, County of Savoy, Holy Roman Empire
78 / 81
French. In 1059 the College of Cardinals was designated the sole body of pope electors in the document In nomine Domini. (Papal conclave).

156
30 September 1061
– 21 April 1073
(7003422100000000000♠11 years, 203 days)

Alexander II
Papa ALEXANDER Secundus
Anselmo da Baggio
ca. 1018 Baggio, Milan, Holy Roman Empire
46 / 58
Italian. Authorised the Norman conquest of England in 1066.

157
22 April 1073
– 25 May 1085
(7003441600000000000♠12 years, 33 days)

St Gregory VII
Papa GREGORIUS Septimus
Ildebrando Aldo-
brandeschi
di Soana
O.S.B.
ca. 1015 Sovana, March of Tuscany, Holy Roman Empire
48 / 60
Italian. Initiated the Gregorian Reforms. Restricted the use of the title "Papa" to the Bishop of Rome.[4] Member of the Order of Saint Benedict. Political struggle with German Emperor Henry IV, who had to go to Canossa (1077).

158
24 May 1086
– 16 September 1087
(7002480000000000000♠1 year, 115 days)

Bl. Victor III
Papa VICTOR Tertius
Dauferio o Desiderio
O.S.B.
ca. 1026 Benevento, Duchy of Benevento
60 / 61
Italian. Member of the Order of Saint Benedict. Called the Synod of Benevento (1087) condemning lay investiture.

159
12 March 1088
– 29 July 1099
(7003415600000000000♠11 years, 139 days)

Bl. Urban II
Papa URBANUS Secundus
Odon de Lagery,
O.S.B.
ca. 1042 Châtillon-sur-Marne, County of Champagne, France
46 / 57
French. Preached and started the First Crusade. Member of the Order of Saint Benedict.

160
13 August 1099
– 21 January 1118
(7003673500000000000♠18 years, 161 days)

Paschal II
Papa PASCHALIS Secundus
Raniero Ranieri
O.S.B.
ca. 1050 Bleda, March of Tuscany, Holy Roman Empire
49 / 68
Italian. Member of the Order of Saint Benedict. Ordered the building of the basilica of Santi Quattro Coronati.

text: 12th century

text:
Popes of the 12th century

Pontiff
number
Pontificate
Portrait
Name: English
· Latin
Personal name
Place of birth
Age at start/
end of papacy
Notes

161
24 January 1118
– 29 January 1119
(7002370000000000000♠1 year, 5 days)

Gelasius II
Papa GELASIUS Secundus
Giovanni dei Caetani, O.S.B.
ca. 1061 Gaeta, Duchy of Gaeta
57 / 58
Italian. Member of the Order of Saint Benedict.

162
2 February 1119
– 13 December 1124
(7003214100000000000♠5 years, 315 days)

Callixtus II
Papa CALLISTUS Secundus
Gui de Bourgogne, Comte de Bourgogne
c. 1060 Quingey, Franche-Comté
59 / 64
French. Opened the First Council of the Lateran in 1123

163
21 December 1124
– 13 February 1130
(7003188000000000000♠5 years, 54 days)

Honorius II
Papa HONORIUS Secundus
Lamberto Scannabecchi da Fiagnano, Can.Reg.
9 February 1060 Fiagnano, Romagna, Holy Roman Empire
64 / 70
Italian. Canon Regular of S. Maria di San Reno. Approved the new military order of the Knights Templar in 1128.

164
14 February 1130
– 24 September 1143
(7003497000000000000♠13 years, 222 days)

Innocent II
Papa INNOCENTIUS Secundus
Gregorio Papareschi, Can.Reg.
ca. 1082 Rome, Papal States
48 / 61
Italian. Canon Regular of Lateran; Convened the Second Council of the Lateran, 1139

165
26 September 1143
– 8 March 1144
(7002164000000000000♠164 days)

Celestine II
Papa COELESTINUS Secundus
Guido da Castello
ca. 1085 Città di Castello, Papal States
58 / 59
Italian.

166
12 March 1144
– 15 February 1145
(7002340000000000000♠340 days)

Lucius II
Papa LUCIUS Secundus
Gherardo Caccianemici dall'Orso, Can.Reg.
ca. 1095 Bologna, Holy Roman Empire
49 / 50
Italian. Canon Regular of S. Frediano di Lucca.

167
15 February 1145
– 8 July 1153
(7003306500000000000♠8 years, 143 days)

Bl. Eugene III
Papa EUGENIUS Tertius
Pietro dei Paganelli di Montemagno, O.Cist.[12]
ca. 1080 Montemagno, Republic of Pisa
44 / 52
Italian. Member of the Order of Cistercians. Announced the Second Crusade.

168
12 July 1153
– 3 December 1154
(7002509000000000000♠1 year, 144 days)

Anastasius IV
Papa ANASTASIUS Quartus
Corrado della Suburra
ca. 1073 Rome, Papal States
80 / 81
Italian.

169
4 December 1154
– 1 September 1159
(7003173200000000000♠4 years, 271 days)

Adrian IV
Papa HADRIANUS Quartus
Nicholas Breakspear, Can.Reg.
ca. 1100 Abbots Langley, Hertfordshire, Kingdom of England
54 / 59
First and only English pope; purportedly granted Ireland to Henry II, King of England. Canon Regular of St. Rufus Monastery .

170
7 September 1159
– 30 August 1181
(7003802800000000000♠21 years, 357 days)

Alexander III
Papa ALEXANDER Tertius
Rolando Bandinelli
ca. 1100 Siena, Republic of Siena
59 / 81
Italian. Convened the Third Council of the Lateran, 1179.

171
1 September 1181
– 25 November 1185
(7003154600000000000♠4 years, 85 days)

Lucius III
Papa LUCIUS Tertius
Ubaldo Allucignoli
ca. 1097 Lucca, March of Tuscany, Holy Roman Empire
84 / 88
Italian.

172
25 November 1185
– 20 October 1187
(7002694000000000000♠1 year, 329 days)

Urban III
Papa URBANUS Tertius
Uberto Crivelli
ca. 1100/05 Cuggiono, Holy Roman Empire
67 / 67
Italian.

173
21 October 1187
– 17 December 1187
(7001570000000000000♠57 days)

Gregory VIII
Papa GREGORIUS Octavus
Alberto de Morra, Can.Reg.
ca. 1105/08 Benevento, Papal States
79 (82) / 79 (82)
Italian. Canon Regular Premostratense. Proposed the Third Crusade.

174
19 December 1187
– 20 March 1191[13]
(7003118700000000000♠3 years, 91 days)

Clement III
Papa CLEMENS Tertius
Paolo Scolari
ca. 1130 Rome, Papal States
57 / 61
Italian.

175
30 March 1191
– 8 January 1198
(7003247600000000000♠6 years, 284 days)

Celestine III
Papa COELESTINUS Tertius
Giacinto Bobone Orsini
ca. 1106 Rome, Papal States
85 / 92
Motto: Perfice gressus meos in semitis tuis ("Going in Thy path")

176
8 January 1198
– 16 July 1216
(7003676400000000000♠18 years, 190 days)

Innocent III
Papa INNOCENTIUS Tertius
Lotario dei Conti di Segni
1161 Gavignano, Papal States
37 / 55
Italian. Convened the Fourth Council of the Lateran, 1215. Initiated the Fourth Crusade but later distanced himself from it and threatened participants with excommunication when it became clear that the leadership abandoned a focus on conquest of the Holy Land and instead intended to sack Christian cities.[14]Endorsed the Franciscan Order.

text: 13th century

text:
Popes of the 13th century

Pontiff
number
Pontificate
Portrait
Name: English
· Latin
Personal name
Place of birth
Age at start/
end of papacy
Notes

177

18 July 1216
– 18 March 1227
(7003389500000000000♠10 years, 243 days)

Honorius III
Papa HONORIUS
Tertius
Cencio Savelli
ca. 1148/50 Rome, Papal States
66 (68) / 77 (79)
Italian. Initiated the Fifth Crusade. Approved several religious and tertiary orders.

178

19 March 1227
– 22 August 1241
(7003527000000000000♠14 years, 156 days)

Gregory IX
Papa GREGORIUS Nonus
Ugolino dei Conti di Segni, O.F.S
ca. 1145/70 Anagni, Papal States
57 (82) / 71 (96)
Italian. Canonized Elisabeth of Hungary (1235). Initiated the Inquisition in France and endorsed the Northern Crusades.

179

25 October 1241
– 10 November 1241
(7001160000000000000♠16 days)

Celestine IV
Papa COELESTINUS Quartus
Goffredo Castiglioni
ca. 1180/87 Milan, Italy, Holy Roman Empire
54 (61) / 54 (61)
Italian. Died before coronation.

180

25 June 1243
– 7 December 1254
(7003418300000000000♠11 years, 165 days)

Innocent IV
Papa INNOCENTIUS Quartus
Sinibaldo Fieschi
c. 1195 Genoa, Republic of Genoa, Holy Roman Empire
48 / 60
Italian. Convened the First Council of Lyons (1245). Issued the bull Ad extirpanda that permitted the torture of heretics (1252).

181

12 December 1254
– 25 May 1261
(7003235600000000000♠6 years, 164 days)

Alexander IV
Papa ALEXANDER Quartus
Rinaldo dei Conti di Jenne
c. 1199 Jenne, Papal States
55 / 62
Italian. Established an Inquisition in France.

182

29 August 1261
– 2 October 1264
(7003113000000000000♠3 years, 34 days)

Urban IV
Papa URBANUS Quartus
Jacques Pantaléon
c. 1195 Troyes, County of Champagne, France
66 / 69
French. Instituted the feast of Corpus Christi (1264).

183

5 February 1265
– 29 November 1268
(7003139300000000000♠3 years, 298 days)

Clement IV
Papa CLEMENS
Quartus
Gui Faucoi
23 November 1190 Saint-Gilles, Languedoc, France
62 / 66
French.

—
29 November 1268
– 1 September 1271 (2 years, 90 days)

Interregnum
Almost three-year period without a valid pope elected. This was due to a deadlock among cardinals voting for the pope.

184

1 September 1271
– 10 January 1276
(7003159200000000000♠4 years, 131 days)

Bl. Gregory X
Papa GREGORIUS Decimus
Tebaldo Visconti, O.F.S
ca. 1210 Piacenza, Italy, Holy Roman Empire
51 / 66
Italian. Convened the Second Council of Lyons (1274). Responsible for regulation all papal conclaves until the 20th century.

185

21 January 1276
– 22 June 1276
(7002153000000000000♠153 days)

Bl. Innocent V
Papa INNOCENTIUS Quintus
Pierre de Tarentaise, O.P.
c. 1224/5 County of Savoy, Holy Roman Empire
52 / 52
French. Member of the Dominican Order.

186

11 July 1276
– 18 August 1276
(7001380000000000000♠38 days)

Adrian V
Papa HADRIANUS Quintus
Ottobuono Fieschi
c. 1216 Genoa, Republic of Genoa, Holy Roman Empire
60 / 60
Italian. Annulled Gregory X's papal bull on the regulations of papal conclaves.

187

8 September 1276
– 20 May 1277
(7002254000000000000♠254 days)

John XXI
Papa IOANNES Vicesimus Primus
Pedro Julião (a.k.a. Petrus Hispanus and Pedro Hispano)
ca. 1215 Lisbon, Portugal
60 / 70
Portuguese. Due to a confusion over the numbering of popes named John in the 13th century, there was no John XX. There has never been a John XX, because the 20th pope of this name formerly when elected, decided to skip the number XX and be counted as John XXI instead. He wanted to correct what in his time was believed to be an error in the counting of his predecessors John XV to XIX

188

25 November 1277
– 22 August 1280
(7003100100000000000♠2 years, 271 days)

Nicholas III
Papa NICOLAUS
Tertius
Giovanni Gaetano Orsini
ca. 1216 Rome, Papal States
61 / 64
Italian. Planned the Sicilian Vespers.

189

22 February 1281
– 28 March 1285
(7003149500000000000♠4 years, 34 days)

Martin IV
Papa MARTINUS Quartus
Simon de Brion
ca. 1210 Meinpicien, Touraine, France
71 / 75
Italian.

190

2 April 1285
– 3 April 1287
(7002731000000000000♠2 years, 1 day)

Honorius IV
Papa HONORIUS Quartus
Giacomo Savelli
ca. 1210 Rome, Papal States
75 / 77
Italian.

191

22 February 1288
– 4 April 1292
(7003150300000000000♠4 years, 42 days)

Nicholas IV
Papa NICOLAUS Quartus
Girolamo Masci, O.F.M.
30 September 1227 Lisciano, Papal States
60 / 64
Italian. Member of the Franciscan Order.

—
4 April 1292
– 5 July 1294 (2 years, 94 days)

Interregnum
Two-year period without a valid pope elected. This was due to a deadlock among cardinals voting for the pope.

192

5 July 1294
– 13 December 1294
(7002161000000000000♠161 days)

St Celestine V
Papa COELESTINUS Quintus
Pietro Angelerio, O.S.B.
ca. 1207/09 Sant'Angelo Limosano, Kingdom of Sicily
85 (87) / (85) 87 (†87/9)
Italian. One of the few popes who resigned voluntarily. Member of the Order of Saint Benedict. Founded the Celestines. Resigned from office and rumored to have been murdered in prison by Boniface VIII.

193

24 December 1294
– 11 October 1303
(7003321200000000000♠8 years, 291 days)

Boniface VIII
Papa BONIFATIUS Octavus
Benedetto Caetani
c. 1230/36 Anagni, Papal States
59 (64) / 68 (73)
Italian. Formalized the Jubilee in 1300. Issued Unam Sanctam (1302) which proclaimed papal supremacy and pushing it to its historical extreme.

text: 14th century

text:
Popes of the 14th century

Pontiff
number
Pontificate
Portrait
Name: English
· Latin
Personal name
Place of birth
Age at start/
end of papacy
Notes

194

22 October 1303
– 7 July 1304
(7002259000000000000♠259 days)

Bl. Benedict XI
Papa BENEDICTUS Undecimus
Niccolò Boccasini, O.P.
ca. 1240 Treviso
63 / 64
Motto: Illustra faciem Tuam super servum Tuum ("Let Your Face shine upon Your servant")
Italian. Member of the Dominican Order. Reverted Boniface VIII's Unam Sanctam.

195

5 June 1305
– 20 April 1314
(7003324100000000000♠8 years, 319 days)

Clement V
Papa CLEMENS Quintus
Raymond Bertrand de Gouth/ de Goth/de Got
ca. 1264 Villandraut, Gascony, France
41 / 50
French. Pope at Avignon. Convened the Council of Vienne (1311–1312). Initiated the persecution of the Knights Templar with the bull Pastoralis Praeeminentiae under pressure from King Philip IV of France.

—
20 April 1314
– 7 August 1316 (2 years, 111 days)

Interregnum
Two-year period without a valid pope elected. This was due to a deadlock among cardinals voting for the pope.

196

7 August 1316
– 4 December 1334
(7003669300000000000♠18 years, 119 days)

John XXII
Papa IOANNES Vicesimus Secundus
Jacques d'Euse; Jacques Duèse
ca. 1244/49 Cahors, Quercy, France
67 (72) / 85 (90)
French. Pope at Avignon. Controversial for his views on the Beatific Vision.

197

20 December 1334
– 25 April 1342
(7003268300000000000♠7 years, 126 days)

Benedict XII
Papa BENEDICTUS Duodecimus
Jacques Fournier, O.Cist.
ca. 1280/85 Saverdun, County of Foix, France
49 (54) / 57 (62)
French. Pope at Avignon. Member of the Order of Cistercians. Known for issuing the Apostolic constitution Benedictus Deus (1336).

198

7 May 1342
– 6 December 1352
(7003386600000000000♠10 years, 213 days)

Clement VI
Papa CLEMENS Sextus
Pierre Roger, O.S.B.
ca. 1291 Maumont, Limousin, France
51 / 61
French. Pope at Avignon. Reigned during the Black Death and absolved those who died of it of their sins.

199

18 December 1352
– 12 September 1362
(7003355500000000000♠9 years, 268 days)

Innocent VI
Papa INNOCENTIUS Sextus
Étienne Aubert
ca. 1282 Les Monts, Limousin, France
70 / 80
French. Pope at Avignon. Through his exertions the Treaty of Brétigny (1360) was brought about.

200

28 September 1362
– 19 December 1370
(7003300400000000000♠8 years, 82 days)

Bl. Urban V
Papa URBANUS Quintus
Guillaume (de) Grimoard, O.S.B.
ca. 1309/10 Grizac, Languedoc, France
52 (53) / 60 (61)
French. Pope at Avignon. Member of the Order of Saint Benedict. Reformed areas of education and sent missionary movements across Europe and Asia. His pontificate witnessed the Alexandrian and Savoyard crusades.

201

30 December 1370
– 27 March 1378
(7003264400000000000♠7 years, 87 days)

Gregory XI
Papa GREGORIUS Undecimus
Pierre Roger de Beaufort
c. 1329 Maumont, Limousin, France
41 / 49
French. Pope at Avignon; returns to Rome. The last French pope.

202

8 April 1378
– 15 October 1389
(7003420800000000000♠11 years, 190 days)

Urban VI
Papa URBANUS Sextus
Bartolomeo Prignano
ca. 1318 Naples, Kingdom of Naples
60 / 71
Italian. Western Schism. Last pontiff to be elected outside the College of Cardinals.

203

2 November 1389
– 1 October 1404
(7003544600000000000♠14 years, 334 days)

Boniface IX
Papa BONIFATIUS Nonus
Pietro Cybo Tomacelli
ca. 1348/50 Naples, Kingdom of Naples
33 (35) / 48 (50)
Italian. Western Schism.

text: 15th century

text:
R This pope resigned his office.
B The exact birth date of Innocent VIII and almost all popes prior to Eugene IV is unknown, therefore the lowest probable age has been assumed for this table.

text:
Popes of the 15th century

Pontiff
number
Pontificate
Portrait
Name: English
· Latin
Personal name
Place of birth
Age at start/
end of papacy
Notes

204

17 October 1404
– 6 November 1406
(7002750000000000000♠2 years, 20 days)

Innocent VII
Papa INNOCENTIUS Septimus
Cosimo Gentile Migliorati
1336/39 Sulmona, Kingdom of Naples
65 (68) / 67 (71) [B]
Italian. Western Schism.

205

30 November 1406
– 4 July 1415
(7003313800000000000♠8 years, 216 days)

Gregory XII
Papa GREGORIUS Duodecimus
Angelo Correr
13 May 1324 Venice, Republic of Venice
82 / 91 (†93)
Italian. Western Schism; abdicated during the Council of Constance, which had been called by his opponent John XXIII. Last pope to resign until Pope Benedict XVI.

—
4 July 1415
– 11 November 1417 (2 years, 161 days)

Interregnum
Two-year period without a valid pope elected.

206

11 November 1417
– 20 February 1431
(7003484900000000000♠13 years, 101 days)

Martin V
Papa MARTINUS Quintus
Oddone Colonna, O.F.S
January/February 1369 Genazzano, Papal States
48 / 62
Italian. Convened the Council of Basel (1431). Initiated the Hussite Wars.

207

3 March 1431
– 23 February 1447
(7003583600000000000♠15 years, 357 days)

Eugene IV
Papa EUGENIUS Quartus
Gabriele Condulmer, O.S.A.
1383 Venice, Republic of Venice
47 / 63 [B]
Italian. Member of the Augustinian Order. Nephew of Martin V. Crowned Sigismund emperor at Rome in 1433. Transferred the Council of Basel to Ferrara. It was later transferred again, to Florence, because of the Bubonic plague.

208

6 March 1447
– 24 March 1455
(7003294000000000000♠8 years, 18 days)

Nicholas V
Papa NICOLAUS Quintus
Tommaso Parentucelli, O.P.
13 November 1397 Sarzana, Republic of Genoa
49 / 57
Italian. Member of the Dominican Order. Held the Jubilee of 1450. Crowned Frederick III emperor at Rome (1452). Issued the Papal Bull Dum Diversas allowing Portugal's right to conquer and subjugate Saracens and pagans (1452). Created a library in the Vatican which would eventually become the Bibliotheca Apostolica Vaticana.

209

8 April 1455
– 6 August 1458
(7003121600000000000♠3 years, 120 days)

Callixtus III
Papa CALLISTUS Tertius
Alfonso de Borja
31 December 1378 Xàtiva, Kingdom of Valencia, Crown of Aragon
76 / 79
The first Spanish pope. Ordered the Feast of the Transfiguration to be celebrated on 6 August. Ordered the retrial of Joan of Arc, in which she was vindicated.

210

19 August 1458
– 15 August 1464
(7003218800000000000♠5 years, 362 days)

Pius II
Papa PIUS Secundus
Enea Silvio Piccolomini
18 October 1405Corsignano, Republic of Siena
52 / 58
Italian. Displayed a great interest in urban planning. Founded Pienza near Siena as the ideal city in 1462. Known for his work on the Commentaries.

211

30 August 1464
– 26 July 1471
(7003252100000000000♠6 years, 330 days)

Paul II
Papa PAULUS Secundus
Pietro Barbo
23 February 1417 Venice, Republic of Venice
47 / 54
Italian. The nephew of Eugene IV. Built the Palazzo San Marco (now Palazzo Venezia). Approved the introduction of printing in the Papal States.

212

9 August 1471
– 12 August 1484
(7003475200000000000♠13 years, 3 days)

Sixtus IV
Papa XYSTUS Quartus
Francesco della Rovere, O.F.M.
21 July 1414 Celle Ligure, Republic of Genoa
57 / 70
Italian. Member of the Franciscan Order. Commissioned the Sistine Chapel. Authorized an Inquisition targeting converted Jewish Christians in Spain at the request of Queen Isabella and King Ferdinand.

213

29 August 1484
– 25 July 1492
(7003288700000000000♠7 years, 331 days)

Innocent VIII
Papa INNOCENTIUS Octavus
Giovanni Battista Cybo
1432 Genoa, Republic of Genoa
51 / 59 [B]
Italian. Appointed Tomás de Torquemada. Endorsed the prosecution of witchcraft in the bull Summis desiderantes affectibus (1484).

214

11 August 1492
– 18 August 1503
(7003402300000000000♠11 years, 7 days)

Alexander VI
Papa ALEXANDER Sextus
Roderic Llançol i de Borja
1 January 1431 Xàtiva, Kingdom of Valencia, Crown of Aragon
61 / 72
Spanish; Nephew of Callixtus III; father to Cesare Borgia and Lucrezia Borgia. Divided the extra-European world between Spain and Portugal in the bull Inter caetera (1493). No Alexander V due to the antipope.

text: 16th century

text:
Popes of the 16th century

Pontiff
number
Pontificate
Portrait
Name: English
· Latin
Personal name
Place of birth
Age at start/
end of papacy
Notes

215

22 September 1503
– 18 October 1503
(7001260000000000000♠26 days)

Pius III
Papa PIUS Tertius
Francesco Todeschini Piccolomini
29 May 1439 Siena, Republic of Siena
64 / 64
Italian. Nephew of Pius II. Founded the Piccolomini Library adjoining the Siena Cathedral.

216

31 October 1503
– 21 February 1513
(7003340100000000000♠9 years, 113 days)

Julius II
Papa IULIUS Secundus
Giuliano della Rovere, O.F.M.
5 December 1443 Albisola, Republic of Genoa
59 / 69
Italian. Nephew of Sixtus IV; convened the Fifth Council of the Lateran (1512). Took control of all the Papal States for the first time. Commissioned Michelangelo to paint the Sistine Chapel ceiling. Proposed plans for rebuilding St Peter's Basilica.

217

9 March 1513
– 1 December 1521
(7003318900000000000♠8 years, 267 days)

Leo X
Papa LEO Decimus
Giovanni di Lorenzo de' Medici
11 December 1475 Florence, Republic of Florence
37 / 45
Italian. Son of Lorenzo the Magnificent. Closed the Fifth Council of the Lateran. Remembered for granting indulgences to those who donated to rebuild St. Peter's Basilica; excommunicated Martin Luther (1521). Extended the Spanish Inquisition into Portugal.

218

9 January 1522
– 14 September 1523
(7002613000000000000♠1 year, 248 days)

Adrian VI
Papa HADRIANUS Sextus
Adriaan Floriszoon Boeyens
2 March 1459 Utrecht, Bishopric of Utrecht, Holy Roman Empire (now Netherlands)
62 / 64
Motto: Patere et sustine ("Respect and wait")[15]
The only Dutch pope; last non-Italian to be elected pope until John Paul II in 1978. Tutor of Emperor Charles V. Retained his baptismal name as his regnal name.

219

26 November 1523
– 25 September 1534
(7003395600000000000♠10 years, 303 days)

Clement VII
Papa CLEMENS Septimus
Giulio di Giuliano de' Medici
26 May 1478 Florence, Republic of Florence
45 / 56
Motto: Candor illæsus ("Unharmed candor")[16]
Italian; Cousin of Leo X. Rome plundered by imperial troops (1527). Forbade the divorce of Henry VIII; crowned Charles V as emperor at Bologna (1530). His niece was married to the future Henry II of France. Ordered Michelangelo's painting of The Last Judgment in the Sistine Chapel.

220

13 October 1534
– 10 November 1549
(7003550700000000000♠15 years, 28 days)

Paul III
Papa PAULUS Tertius
Alessandro Farnese
29 February 1468 Canino, Lazio, Papal States
66 / 81
Italian. Opened the Council of Trent (1545). His illegitimate son became the first Duke of Parma. Decreed the second and final excommunication of Henry VIII. Appointed Michelangelo to supervise construction of St. Peter's Basilica (1546).

221

7 February 1550
– 29 March 1555
(7003187600000000000♠5 years, 50 days)

Julius III
Papa IULIUS Tertius
Giovanni Maria Ciocchi del Monte
10 September 1487 Rome, Lazio, Papal States
62 / 67
Italian. Established the Collegium Germanicum (1552). Reconvened the Council of Trent. The Innocenzo Scandal.

222

9 April 1555
– 1 May 1555
(7001220000000000000♠22 days)

Marcellus II
Papa MARCELLUS Secundus
Marcello Cervini degli Spannochi
6 May 1501 Montefano, Marche, Papal States
53 / 53
Italian. The last to use his birth name as the regnal name. Instituted immediate economies in Vatican expenditures. The Missa Papae Marcelli composed in his honour.

223

23 May 1555
– 18 August 1559
(7003154800000000000♠4 years, 87 days)

Paul IV
Papa PAULUS Quartus
Giovanni Pietro Carafa, C.R.
28 June 1476 Capriglia Irpina, Campania, Kingdom of Naples
78 / 83
Motto: Dominus mihi adjutor ("The Lord is my helper")[17]
Italian. Member of the Theatines. Established the Roman Ghetto in Cum Nimis Absurdum (1555) and established the Index of Forbidden Books. Ordered Michelangelo to repaint the nudes of The Last Judgment modestly.

224

26 December 1559
– 9 December 1565
(7003217500000000000♠5 years, 348 days)

Pius IV
Papa PIUS Quartus
Giovanni Angelo Medici
31 March 1499 Milan, Duchy of Milan
60 / 66
Italian. Reopened and closed the Council of Trent. Ordered public construction to improve the water supply of Rome. Instituted the Tridentine Creed.

225

7 January 1566
– 1 May 1572
(7003230600000000000♠6 years, 115 days)

St Pius V
Papa PIUS Quintus
Antonio Ghislieri, O.P.
17 January 1504 Bosco, Piedmont, Duchy of Milan
61 / 68
Motto: Utinam dirigantur viæ meæ ad custodiendas ("It binds us to keep")[18]
Italian. Member of the Dominican Order. Excommunicated Elizabeth I (1570). Battle of Lepanto (1571); instituted the feast of Our Lady of Victory. Issued the 1570 Roman Missal.

226

13 May 1572
– 10 April 1585
(7003471500000000000♠12 years, 332 days)

Gregory XIII
Papa GREGORIUS Tertius Decimus
Ugo Boncompagni
7 January 1502 Bologna, Emilia-Romagna, Papal States
70 / 83
Motto: Aperuit et clausit ("Opened and closed")[19]
Italian. Reformed the calendar (1582); built the Gregorian Chapel in the Vatican. The first pope to bestow the Immaculate Conception as Patroness to the Philippine Islands through the bull Ilius Fulti Præsido (1579). Strengthened diplomatic ties with Asian nations.

227

24 April 1585
– 27 August 1590
(7003195100000000000♠5 years, 125 days)

Sixtus V
Papa XYSTUS Quintus
Felice Peretti di Montalto, O.F.M. Conv.
13 December 1521 Grottammare, Marche, Papal States
63 / 68
Italian. Member of the Conventual Franciscan Order. Known for fixing and completing building works to major basilicas in Rome. Limited the College of Cardinals to 70 in number; doubled the number of curial congregations.

228

15 September 1590
– 27 September 1590
(7001120000000000000♠12 days)

Urban VII
Papa URBANUS Septimus
Giovanni Battista Castagna
4 August 1521 Rome, Lazio, Papal States
69 / 69
Italian; Supported by the Spanish. Shortest-reigning pope; died before coronation. Set the first known worldwide smoking ban, banning smoking in and near all churches.

229

5 December 1590
– 16 October 1591
(7002315000000000000♠315 days)

Gregory XIV
Papa GREGORIUS Quartus Decimus
Niccolò Sfondrati
11 February 1535 Somma Lombardo, Lombardy, Duchy of Milan
55 / 56
Italian. Modified the constitution Effraenatam of Sixtus V so that the penalty for abortion did not apply until the foetus became animated (1591). Made gambling on papal elections punishable by excommunication.

230

29 October 1591
– 30 December 1591
(7001620000000000000♠62 days)

Innocent IX
Papa INNOCENTIUS Nonus
Giovanni Antonio Facchinetti
20 July 1519 Bologna, Emilia-Romagna, Papal States
72 / 72
Italian. Supported the cause of Philip II and the Catholic League against Henry IV in the French Wars of Religion. Prohibited the alienation of church property.

231

30 January 1592
– 3 March 1605
(7003478100000000000♠13 years, 32 days)

Clement VIII
Papa CLEMENS Octavus
Ippolito Aldobrandini
24 February 1536 Fano, Marche, Papal States
55 / 69
Italian. Initiated an alliance of European Christian powers to partake in the war with the Ottoman Empire known as The Long War (1595). Convened the Congregatio de Auxiliis which addressed doctrinal disputes between the Dominicans and Jesuits regarding free will and divine grace.[20]

text: 17th century

text:
Popes of the 17th century

Pontiff
number
Pontificate
Portrait
Name: English
· Latin
Personal name
Place of birth
Age at start/
end of papacy
Notes

232

1 April 1605
– 27 April 1605
(7001260000000000000♠26 days)

Leo XI
Papa LEO Undecimus
Alessandro Ottaviano de' Medici
2 June 1535 Florence, Duchy of Florence
69 / 69
Italian. The nephew of Leo X. Called "Papa Lampo" (Lightning Pope) for his brief pontificate.

233

16 May 1605
– 28 January 1621
(7003573600000000000♠15 years, 257 days)

Paul V
Papa PAULUS Quintus
Camillo Borghese
17 September 1550 Rome, Lazio, Papal States
52 / 68
Motto: Absit nisi in te gloriari ("May it be absent, except to glory in you")[21]
Italian. Known for various building projects which included the facade of St Peter's Basilica. Established the Bank of the Holy Spirit (1605); restored the Aqua Traiana.

234

9 February 1621
– 8 July 1623
(7002879000000000000♠2 years, 149 days)

Gregory XV
Papa GREGORIUS Quintus Decimus
Alessandro Ludovisi
9 January 1554 Bologna, Emilia-Romagna, Papal States
67 / 69
Italian. Established the Congregation for the Propagation of the Faith (1622). Issued the bull Aeterni Patris (1621) which imposed conclaves to be by secret ballot. Issued the constitution Omnipotentis Dei against magicians and witches (1623).

235

6 August 1623
– 29 July 1644
(7003766300000000000♠20 years, 358 days)

Urban VIII
Papa URBANUS Octavus
Maffeo Barberini
5 April 1568 Florence, Grand Duchy of Tuscany
55 / 76
Italian. Trial against Galileo Galilei. The last pope to expand papal territory by force of arms. Issued a 1624 bull that made the use of tobacco in holy places punishable by excommunication.

236

15 September 1644
– 7 January 1655
(7003376600000000000♠10 years, 114 days)

Innocent X
Papa INNOCENTIUS Decimus
Giovanni Battista Pamphilj
6 May 1574 Rome, Lazio, Papal States
70 / 80
Motto: Alleviatæ sunt aquæ super terram ("Water on earth")[22]
Italian. The great-great-great-grandson of Alexander VI. Erected the Fontana dei Quattro Fiumi in Piazza Navona. Promulgated the apostolic constitution Cum occasione (1653) which condemned five doctrines of Jansenism as heresy.

237

7 April 1655
– 22 May 1667
(7003442800000000000♠12 years, 45 days)

Alexander VII
Papa ALEXANDER Septimus
Fabio Chigi
13 February 1599 Siena, Grand Duchy of Tuscany
56 / 68
Italian. Great-nephew of Paul V. Commissioned St. Peter's Square. Issued the constitution Sollicitudo Omnium Ecclesiarum that set the doctrine of the Immaculate Conception almost identical to that of Pius IX centuries later.

238

20 June 1667
– 9 December 1669
(7002903000000000000♠2 years, 172 days)

Clement IX
Papa CLEMENS Nonus
Giulio Rospigliosi
28 January 1600 Pistoia, Grand Duchy of Tuscany
67 / 69
Motto: Aliis non sibi Clemens ("Clement to others, not to himself")[23]
Italian. Commissioned the colonnade of St. Peter's Square. Mediated in the peace of Aachen (1668).

239

29 April 1670
– 22 July 1676
(7003227600000000000♠6 years, 84 days)

Clement X
Papa CLEMENS Decimus
Emilio Bonaventura Altieri
13 July 1590 Rome, Lazio, Papal States
79 / 86
Bonum auget malum minuit ("He increases good and diminishes evil")[24]
Italian. Canonized the first saint from the Americas: St. Rose of Lima (1671). Decorated the bridge of Sant' Angelo with the ten statues of angels and the two fountains that adorn the piazza of St. Peter's. Established regulations for the removal of relics of saints from cemeteries.

240

21 September 1676
– 12 August 1689
(12 years, 325 days)

Bl. Innocent XI
Papa INNOCENTIUS Undecimus
Benedetto Odescalchi
16 May 1611 Como, Lombardy, Duchy of Milan
65 / 78
Motto: Avarus non Implebitur ("The covetous man is not satisfied")[25]
Italian. Condemned the doctrine of mental reservation (1679) and initiated the Holy League. Extended the Holy Name of Mary as a universal feast (1684). Admired for positive contributions to catechesis.

241

6 October 1689
– 1 February 1691
(7002483000000000000♠1 year, 118 days)

Alexander VIII
Papa ALEXANDER Octavus
Pietro Vito Ottoboni
22 April 1610 Venice, Republic of Venice
79 / 80
Italian. Condemned the so-called philosophical sin (1690).

242

12 July 1691
– 27 September 1700
(7003336400000000000♠9 years, 77 days)

Innocent XII
Papa INNOCENTIUS Duodecimus
Antonio Pignatelli, O.F.S
13 March 1615 Spinazzola, Apulia, Kingdom of Naples
76 / 85
Italian. Issued the bull Romanum decet Pontificem to stop nepotism (1692). Erected various charitable and educational institutions.

243

23 November 1700
– 19 March 1721
(7003742100000000000♠20 years, 116 days)

Clement XI
Papa CLEMENS Undecimus
Giovanni Francesco Albani
23 July 1649 Urbino, Marche, Papal States
51 / 71
Italian. The "Chinese Rites" controversy. Patronized the first archaeological excavations in the Roman catacombs and made the feast of the Immaculate Conception universal.[10]

text: 18th century

text:
Popes of the 18th century

Pontiff
number
Pontificate
Portrait
Name: English
· Latin
Personal name
Place of birth
Age at start/
end of papacy
Notes

244

8 May 1721
– 7 March 1724
(7003103400000000000♠2 years, 304 days)

Innocent XIII
Papa INNOCENTIUS Tertius Decimus
Michelangelo dei Conti
13 May 1655 Poli, Lazio, Papal States
65 / 68
Italian. Prohibited the Jesuits from prosecuting their mission in China ordering that no new members should be received into the order.

245

29 May 1724
– 21 February 1730
(7003209400000000000♠5 years, 268 days)

S.D. Benedict XIII
Papa BENEDICTUS Tertius Decimus
Pietro Francesco Orsini, O.P.
2 February 1649 Gravina in Puglia, Bari, Kingdom of Naples
75 / 81
Italian. Member of the Dominican Order; third and last member of the Orsini family to be pope. Originally called Benedict XIV due to the antipope but reverted to XIII. Repealed the worldwide tobacco smoking ban set by Urban VII and Urban VIII.

246

12 July 1730
– 6 February 1740
(7003349600000000000♠9 years, 209 days)

Clement XII
Papa CLEMENS Duodecimus
Lorenzo Corsini, O.F.S
7 April 1652 Florence, Grand Duchy of Tuscany
78 / 87
Motto: Dabis discernere inter malum et bonum ("You shall deign to distinguish between good and evil")[26]
Italian. [Completed the new façade of the Archbasilica of St. John Lateran (1735). Commissioned the Trevi Fountain in Rome (1732). Condemned Freemasonry in In eminenti apostolatus (1738). Last pope to be elected at an old age until Pope Benedict XVI in 2005.

247

17 August 1740
– 3 May 1758
(7003646800000000000♠17 years, 259 days)

Benedict XIV
Papa BENEDICTUS Quartus Decimus
Prospero Lorenzo Lambertini
31 March 1675 Bologna, Papal States
65 / 83
Motto: Curabuntur omnes ("All will be healed")[27]
Italian. Reformed the education of priests and the calendar of feasts. Completed the Trevi Fountain and affirmed the teachings of Thomas Aquinas; founded academies of art, religion and science.

248

6 July 1758
– 2 February 1769
(7003386400000000000♠10 years, 211 days)

Clement XIII
Papa CLEMENS Tertius Decimus
Carlo della Torre di Rezzonico
7 March 1693 Venice, Republic of Venice
65 / 75
Italian. Provided the famous fig leaves on nude male statues in the Vatican. Defended the Society of Jesus in "Apostolicum pascendi" (1765).

249

19 May 1769
– 22 September 1774
(7003195200000000000♠5 years, 126 days)

Clement XIV
Papa CLEMENS Quartus Decimus
Giovanni Vincenzo Antonio Ganganelli, O.F.M. Conv.
31 October 1705 Sant'
Arcangelo di Romagna, Papal States
63 / 68
Italian. Member of the Conventual Franciscan Order. Suppressed the Society of Jesus in the brief "Dominus ac Redemptor" (1773).

250

15 February 1775
– 29 August 1799
(7003896100000000000♠24 years, 195 days)

Pius VI
Papa PIUS Sextus
Count Giovanni Angelo Braschi
25 December 1717 Cesena, Emilia-Romagna, Papal States
57 / 81
Motto: Floret in domo domini ("It blossoms in the house of God")[28]
Italian. Condemned the French Revolution; expelled from the Papal States by French troops from 1798 until his death. The last pope to be a patron of Renaissance art.

—
29 August 1799
–14 March 1800 (228 days)

Interregnum
Six-month period without a valid pope elected. This was due to unique logistical problems (the old pope died a prisoner and the conclave was in Venice) and a deadlock among cardinals voting.

251

14 March 1800
– 20 August 1823
(7003855900000000000♠23 years, 159 days)

S.D. Pius VII
Papa PIUS Septimus
Count Barnaba Niccolò Maria Luigi Chiaramonti, O.S.B.
14 August 1742 Cesena, Emilia-Romagna, Papal States
57 / 81
Italian. Member of the Order of Saint Benedict. Present at Napoleon's coronation as Emperor of the French. Briefly expelled from the Papal States by the French between 1809 and 1814.

text: 19th century

text:
Popes of the 19th century

Pontiff
number
Pontificate
Portrait
Name: English
· Latin
Personal name
Place of birth
Age at start/
end of papacy
Notes

252

28 September 1823
– 10 February 1829
(7003196200000000000♠5 years, 135 days)

Leo XII
Papa LEO Duodecimus
Count Annibale Francesco Clemente Melchiore Girolamo Nicola Sermattei della Genga
22 August 1760 Genga, Marche, Papal States
63 / 68
Italian. Placed the Catholic educational system under the control of the Jesuits through Quod divina sapientia (1824). Condemned the Bible societies.

253

31 March 1829
– 30 November 1830
(7002609000000000000♠1 year, 244 days)

Pius VIII
Papa PIUS Octavus
Francesco Saverio Castiglioni
20 November 1761 Cingoli, Marche, Papal States
67 / 69
Italian. Accepted Louis Philippe I as King of the French. Condemned the masonic secret societies and modernist biblical translations in the brief Litteris altero (1830).

254

2 February 1831
– 1 June 1846
(7003559800000000000♠15 years, 119 days)

Gregory XVI
Papa GREGORIUS Sextus Decimus
Bartolomeo Alberto Cappellari, O.S.B. Cam.
18 September 1765 Belluno, Veneto, Republic of Venice
65 / 80
Italian. Member of the Camaldolese Order; last non-bishop to be elected to the papacy. Opposed democratic and modernising reforms in the Papal States.

255

16 June 1846
– 7 February 1878
(7004115590000000000♠31 years, 236 days)

Bl. Pius IX
Papa PIUS Nonus
Count Giovanni Maria Mastai-Ferretti, O.F.S.
13 May 1792 Senigallia, Marche, Papal States
54 / 85
Italian. Opened the First Vatican Council; lost the Papal States to Italy. Defined the dogma of the Immaculate Conception and defined papal infallibility. Issued the controversial Syllabus of Errors. Second longest serving pope in history after Saint Peter.

256

20 February 1878
– 20 July 1903
(7003928000000000000♠25 years, 150 days)

Leo XIII
Papa LEO Tertius Decimus
Gioacchino Vincenzo Raffaele Luigi Pecci, O.F.S.
2 March 1810 Carpineto Romano, Lazio, Italy
67 / 93
Italian. Issued the encyclical Rerum novarum; supported Christian democracy against Communism. Had the fourth-longest reign after Pius IX, Saint Peter and John Paul II. Promoted the rosary and the scapular and approved two new Marian scapulars; first pope to fully embrace the concept of Mary as mediatrix.

text: 20th century

text:
Popes of the 20th century

Pontiff
number
Pontificate
Portrait
Name: English
· Latin
Personal name
Place of birth
Age at start/
end of papacy
Notes

257

4 August 1903
– 20 August 1914
(7003403400000000000♠11 years, 16 days)

St Pius X
Papa PIUS Decimus
Giuseppe Melchiorre Sarto, O.F.S.
2 June 1835 Riese, Treviso, Italy
68 / 79
Motto: Instaurare Omnia in Christo ("Restore all things in Christ")
Italian. Encouraged and expanded reception of the Eucharist. Combatted Modernism; issued the oath against it. Advocated the Gregorian Chant and reformed the Roman Breviary.

258

3 September 1914
– 22 January 1922
(7003269800000000000♠7 years, 141 days)

Benedict XV
Papa BENEDICTUS Quintus Decimus
Giacomo Paolo Giovanni Battista Della Chiesa, O.F.S.
21 November 1854 Pegli, Genoa, Italy
59 / 67
Motto: In te, Domine, speravi: non confundar in aeternum. ("In thee, o Lord, have I trusted: let me not be confounded for evermore.")
Italian. Credited for intervening for peace during World War I. Issued the 1917 Code of Canon Law; supported the missionaries in Maximum Illud. Remembered by Benedict XVI as a "prophet of peace".

259

6 February 1922
– 10 February 1939
(7003621300000000000♠17 years, 4 days)

Pius XI
Papa PIUS Undecimus
Achille Ambrogio Damiano Ratti, O.F.S.
31 May 1857 Desio, Milan, Italy
64 / 81
Motto: Pax Christi in Regno Christi ("The Peace of Christ in the Kingdom of Christ")
Italian. Signed the Lateran Treaty with Italy (1929) establishing Vatican City as a sovereign state. Inaugurated Vatican Radio (1931). Re-founded the Pontifical Academy of Sciences (1936). Created the feast of Christ the King. Opposed Communism and Nazism.

260

2 March 1939
– 9 October 1958
(7003716100000000000♠19 years, 221 days)

Ven. Pius XII
Papa PIUS Duodecimus
Eugenio Maria Giuseppe Giovanni Pacelli, O.F.S.
2 March 1876 Rome, Italy
63 / 82
Motto: Opus Justitiae Pax ("The work of justice [shall be] peace")
Italian. Invoked papal infallibility in the encyclical Munificentissimus Deus; defined the dogma of the Assumption. Eliminated the Italian majority of cardinals. Credited with intervening for peace during World War II; controversial for his reactions to the Holocaust.

261

28 October 1958
– 3 June 1963
(7003167900000000000♠4 years, 218 days)

St John XXIII
Papa IOANNES Vicesimus Tertius
Angelo Giuseppe Roncalli, O.F.S.
25 November 1881 Sotto il Monte, Bergamo, Italy
76 / 81
Motto: Obedientia et Pax ("Obedience and peace")
Italian. Opened the Second Vatican Council; called "Good Pope John". Issued the encyclical Pacem in terris (1963) on peace and nuclear disarmament; intervened for peace during the Cuban Missile Crisis (1962).

262

21 June 1963
– 6 August 1978
(7003552500000000000♠15 years, 46 days)

Bl. Paul VI
Papa PAULUS Sextus
Giovanni Battista Enrico Antonio Maria Montini
26 September 1897 Concesio, Brescia, Italy
65 / 80
Motto: Cum Ipso in Monte ("With Him on the mount")
Italian. Last pope to be crowned in a coronation with the tiara. First pope to travel to the United States and Australia; first pope since 1809 to travel outside Italy. Closed the Second Vatican Council. Issued the encyclical Humanae vitae (1968) condemning artificial contraception.

263

26 August 1978
– 28 September 1978
(7001330000000000000♠33 days)

S.D. John Paul I
Papa IOANNES PAULUS Primus
Albino Luciani
17 October 1912 Forno di Canale, Belluno, Italy
65 / 65
Motto: Humilitas ("Humility")
Italian. Abolished the coronation opting for the Papal Inauguration. First pope to use 'the First' in papal name; first with two names for two immediate predecessors. Last pope to use the Sedia Gestatoria.

264

16 October 1978
– 2 April 2005
(7003966500000000000♠26 years, 168 days)

St John Paul II
(John Paul the Great)[29]
Papa IOANNES PAULUS Secundus
Karol Józef Wojtyła
20 May 1920 Wadowice, 2nd Polish Republic
58 / 84
Motto: Totus Tuus ("Totally yours")
First Polish pope and first non-Italian pope since Adrian VI (1522–1523). Traveled extensively, visiting 129 countries during his pontificate. Third longest reign after Pius IX and Saint Peter. Founded World Youth Day (1984) and the Pontifical Academy of Social Sciences (1994). Canonized more saints than all his predecessors. Youngest individual to start his papacy since Pius IX (1846).

text: 3rd millennium

text: 21st century

text:
Popes of the 21st century

Pontiff
number
Pontificate
Portrait
Name: English
· Latin
Personal name
Place of birth
Age at start/
end of papacy
Notes

265

19 April 2005 –
28 February 2013
(7003287200000000000♠7 years, 315 days)

Benedict XVI
Papa BENEDICTUS Decimus Sextus
Joseph Aloisius Ratzinger
16 April 1927 (age 90) Marktl am Inn, Bavaria, Germany
78 / 85
Motto: Cooperatores Veritatis ("Cooperators of the truth")
German. Oldest to become pope since Clement XII (1730). Elevated the Tridentine Mass to a more prominent position and promoted the use of Latin; re-introduced several disused papal garments. Established the Anglican Ordinariate (2009). First pope to renounce the papacy on his own initiative since Celestine V (1294),[30] retaining regnal name with title of Pope Emeritus.[31]

266

13 March 2013 –
present
(7003166600000000000♠4 years, 205 days)

Francis
Papa FRANCISCUS
Jorge Mario Bergoglio, S.J.
17 December 1936 (age 80) Flores, Buenos Aires, Argentina
76 / -
Motto: Miserando atque Eligendo ("Lowly but chosen", literally 'by having mercy, by choosing him')[32]
Italian Argentinian. First pope to be born outside Europe since Gregory III (731–741) and the first from the Americas; first pope from the Southern Hemisphere. First pope from a religious institute since Gregory XVI (1831–1846); first Jesuit pope. First to use a new and non-composed regnal name since Lando (913–914).

text: Religious orders

text: 38 popes have been members of religious orders. These have included:

text:
Benedictines (18):

Gregory I, Boniface IV, Adeodatus II, Leo IV, John IX, Leo VII, Sergius IV, Stephen IX, Gregory VII, Victor III, Urban II, Paschal II, Gelasius II, Celestine V, Clement VI, Urban V, Pius VII

text:
Augustinians (6):

Eugene IV

text:
Dominicans (5):

Innocent V, Benedict XI, Nicholas V, Pius V, Benedict XIII

Franciscans (5):

Nicholas IV, Sixtus IV, Julius II

text:
Cistercians (2):

Eugene III, Benedict XII

Theatines (1):

Paul IV

Jesuits (1):

Francis

text: 12 popes have been members of third orders, also called "tertiaries" or "Third Order Secular," and all of them of the Secular Franciscans:

text: Gregory IX, Gregory X, Martin V, Innocent XII, Clement XII, Pius IX, Leo XIII, Pius X, Benedict XV, Pius XI, Pius XII, John XXIII

text: Notes on numbering of popes

text: A number of anomalies in the list given above need further explanation:

text:
Felix II (356–357), Boniface VII (974, 984–985), John XVI (997–998), Benedict X (1058–1059) and Alexander V (1409–1410) are not listed because they are all considered antipopes.[33]
The numbering of popes named Felix has been amended to omit antipope Felix II; however, most lists still call the last two Felixes Felix III and Felix IV. Additionally, there was an antipope Felix V.[33]
There has never been a pope John XX as a result of confusion of the numbering system in the 11th century.[34]
Pope-elect Stephen, who died before being consecrated, has not been on the Vatican's official list of popes since 1961, but appears on lists dating from before 1960.[34] The numbering of following popes called Stephen are nowadays given as Pope Stephen II (752–757) to Pope Stephen IX (1057–1058), rather than Stephen III to Stephen X.
When Simon de Brion became pope in 1281, he chose to be called Martin. At that time, Marinus I and Marinus II were mistakenly considered to be Martin II and Martin III respectively, and so, erroneously, Simon de Brion became Pope Martin IV.[35]
Pope Donus II, said to have reigned about 974, never existed. The belief resulted from the confusion of the title dominus (lord) with a proper name.
Pope Joan also never existed; however, legends about her may have originated from stories about the pornocracy.[36]
The status of Antipope John XXIII was uncertain for hundreds of years, and was finally settled in 1958 when Angelo Giuseppe Roncalli announced his own name as John XXIII. Baldassare Cossa, who was Antipope John XXIII, served as a Cardinal of the reunited church before his death in 1419 and his remains are found in the Florence Baptistery.
Those who believe in Sedevacantism say that there have been no legitimate popes since Pius XII. This is because they consider all popes since the Second Vatican Council to be heretics.[37][38]