document_title: Sklar Brothers

question_text: who are the twins in better call saul

question_tokens: who are the twins in better call saul

text: Sklar Brothers

text: Life and career[edit]

text: Randy and Jason grew up in suburban St. Louis. They went to the University of Michigan, where they joined the Alpha Epsilon Pi fraternity.[1] While enrolled, they decided to pursue a career in comedy.

text: In 1994, they moved to New York where they developed their comedy style at stand-up comedy clubs.  In the summer of 1997, Jason and Randy starred in and wrote for MTV's sitcom/sketch/standup program Apt 2F.  It was their first television work.  The show lasted one season.

text: The Sklar brothers have also appeared in television shows such as CSI, Comedy Bang! Bang!, Mighty Med, Childrens Hospital, Law & Order, Becker, Providence, The Oblongs (as conjoined twin brothers Biff and Chip Oblong), Entourage, Grey's Anatomy (as conjoined twin brothers Peter and Jake Weitzman), Curb Your Enthusiasm (Jason only), and It's Always Sunny in Philadelphia (as dance marathon DJs on the episode "The Gang Dances Their Asses Off"). They recently appeared on season 3 of Better Call Saul as the owners of a music shop called ABQ In Tune. The Sklars have appeared in the films My Baby's Daddy, Bubble Boy, Wild Hogs, and The Comebacks.

text: The brothers were pit reporters on Comedy Central's Battlebots. Randy appeared on an episode of Take Home Chef, where his wife and chef Curtis Stone surprised him with a gourmet dinner of Beef Wellington. They have appeared numerous times on Chelsea Lately. They have appeared on Comedy Central's @midnight. They produced and starred in a special that ran on ESPN 2 called Utilityman: The Quest for Cooperstown a lighthearted yet somewhat serious attempt to get seminal utility baseball player for the St. Louis Cardinals in the 1980s José Oquendo into the Baseball Hall of Fame in Cooperstown. Randy has appeared numerous times on the Forum on Jim Rome is Burning on ESPN and Rome on CBS Sports. They appear monthly on Rome on Showtime in a segment called Sklarred for Life.

text: They appeared in the 2008 Microsoft film VoIP As You Are: The Legend of Dan Wilson.

text: They regularly fill in as guest hosts for Jim Rome on his National and North American syndicated radio show formerly on Premiere Radio, currently on CBS Radio.

text: They participated regularly on NPR's southern California affiliate KPCC's The Madeleine Brand Show as sports correspondents.

text: They produced two Sports Pilots called Sklar Talk for NPR's KPCC that both aired in 2011.

text: The Sklars are also frequent guests on the podcasts Never Not Funny and World Football Daily. They have also appeared on AST Radio, Jordan, Jesse GO! and Battleship Pretension, WTF with Marc Maron, You Made It Weird, and Professor Blastoff.

text: They were featured in the Troma production Citizen Toxie: The Toxic Avenger IV as Jason Gonzales and Randy Diaz, a pair of Tromaville Anchormen.

text: Randy and Jason are featured in an ad campaign by running shoe and apparel company Brooks.

text: In August 2010, they made a cameo appearance in the web comedy The Legend of Neil in season 3 episode 3, depicting two football-loving 'Armos' statues.

text: In 2012, the twins began to appear in what would become a series of commercials for Time Warner Cable.

text: In February 2014, the brothers recorded their first one-hour stand-up special at the Majestic Theater in Madison, Wisconsin. The special then premiered on Netflix on April 25, 2014 and the CD/DVD dropped on iTunes on Tuesday April 29, 2014. The brothers uniquely framed their special as if it were an NFL playoff game with Rich Eisen leading a roundtable discussion of the brothers' comedy on an NFL Network set, along with future Hall of Fame Defensive Lineman Dwight Freeney, NY Giant Defensive Back Terrell Thomas, and actor and former Georgia Bulldog football player Omar Dorsey. In addition the ubiquitous sideline reporter Bonnie Bernstein makes a cameo, interviewing the brothers pre- and post-show. The stand up special features a pre-game breakdown by this crew, a halftime report, and a post game wrap up. The stand up special titled What Are We Talking About will be available on Netflix instant streaming for three years after the April 25, 2014 premiere.

text: Randy Sklar is married to Amy Sklar, an interior designer who was featured on HGTVs Design Star and they have two daughters.

text: Jason is married to Dr. Jessica Zucker, a fertility therapist who created her own line of critically acclaimed pregnancy loss cards. They have a son and a daughter.

text: While on a special Mother's Day themed episode of @midnight with their mother, Annette, she was asked to pick her favorite son; she picked Randy without any hesitation.

text: Cheap Seats[edit]

text: Starting in 2004, Randy and Jason appeared on Cheap Seats, on which they played fictitious ESPN research assistants who end up hosting a comedy show as they comment on odd and notable sporting events from ESPN's extensive library.

text: Cheap Seats borrowed its format from Mystery Science Theater 3000.[citation needed] The cast of MST3K apparently were pleased with the show and afforded it a high honor - they appeared in the second season opener in their normal silhouette format, making fun of the Sklars' host show bits. So far it is the only time Michael J. Nelson, Bill Corbett and Kevin Murphy have appeared as their MST3K characters Mike Nelson, Crow T. Robot and Tom Servo, respectively, since MST3K was cancelled.

text: Web series[edit]

text: The brothers co-wrote with Nick Kroll the web series Layers, directed by Michael Blieden, on which they played twin publicists Larry and Terry Bridge.[2] Their web series Back on Topps was produced by Vuguru, the online production company of Michael Eisner. It won two Streamy Awards.

text: In 2010, the online network Crackle released Held Up, an original series written by the brothers and starring Kaitlin Olson of It's Always Sunny in Philadelphia. Held Up tells the story of a bored bank teller’s life-changing experience when two teams of bumbling bank robbers hold up his branch.  They also started hosting a weekly Earwolf podcast series called Sklarbro Country in 2010.

text: SportsCenter[edit]

text: The brothers wrote and appeared on ESPN's SportsCenter in a comedic segment called "The Bracket". Randy and Jason occasionally fill in for Jim Rome on The Jim Rome Show on radio. Randy occasionally appeared as a "Forum" guest on ESPN's Jim Rome Is Burning. Currently, the duo make appearances on the Showtime show Rome also hosted by Jim Rome.

text: United Stats of America[edit]

text: In 2012, the Sklar brothers hosted a television show on History titled United Stats of America. A "by the numbers" series, it featured interesting statistics about the U.S., mixed with experiments, stunts, and the Sklars' unique brand of humor.[3] After one season, the show is currently on indefinite hiatus. United Stats of America episodes are now available for viewing on Apple TV.

text: Sklarbro Country[edit]

text: Since August 2010[4] the Sklar Brothers have hosted a popular weekly podcast called Sklarbro Country on the Earwolf network. They have described the podcast as the intersection of sports, comedy, and indie rock, and the show has had guests ranging from Jon Hamm to Terrell Owens to Diablo Cody. Memorable episodes featured Richard Simmons, Patton Oswalt, the end of the year Character Specials, Hamm, Rich Eisen, and Adam Carolla. Sklarbro Country was nominated for best podcast in the televised 2012 Comedy Central Comedy Awards.

text: In the summer of 2012, the Sklar Brothers added Sklarbro County to their weekly output of the podcast. Described as a shorter midweek snack of an episode, the show is co-hosted by up and coming character comedic actor Dan Van Kirk. Dan finds crazy stories of people doing stupid or silly things and Randy, Jason, and Dan and a guest all riff as if it were a writers' room. Randy has described the show this way: "If a 30-person brawl breaks out at a Chuck E. Cheese in Tampa, FL at a 5-year-old's birthday party and the fight spills over into a Burlington Coat Factory parking lot, ending in someone defecating in an ex-boyfriend's hatchback… we'll be there to make fun of it." Sklarbro County is available weekly on Tuesdays, also on the Earwolf Network.

text: Rome on Showtime[edit]

text: The brothers have become a regular staple of Jim Rome's monthly show, Rome on Showtime with a popular segment, titled "Sklarred for Life", where Jim Rome tees up the 6-8 craziest stories of the last month that happened in the world of sports, video clips, photos, arrests, and the brothers mercilessly skewer the subjects of those stories in a fast paced joke-ladened segment.

text: Better Call Saul[edit]

text: Recently the Sklar brothers also made a cameo appearance on AMC's Better Call Saul as the owners of music shop who are purchasing airtime from the now-suspended lawyer Jimmy McGill (otherwise known as Saul Goodman of Breaking Bad fame).[5][6]

text: Stand-up specials[edit]

text: This section of a biography of a living person does not include any references or sources. Please help by adding reliable sources. Contentious material about living people that is unsourced or poorly sourced must be removed immediately.Find sources: "Sklar Brothers" – news · newspapers · books · scholar · JSTOR (April 2014) (Learn how and when to remove this template message)

text: The brothers have done three stand up specials in their career. The first two stand-up specials were Comedy Central Presents half-hour stand-up specials that aired on Comedy Central in 2001 and in 2009. In April 2014, the brothers premiered What Are We Talking About, their first 1-hour stand up special on Netflix. The material was a culmination of material from the past couple of years, the 2011 album Hendersons and Daughters, and material written as close to 2 weeks before the special was recorded in Madison, Wisconsin at the Majestic Theater. In the Netflix special, the brothers employ a unique framing device where they treat their stand up special as if it were an NFL playoff game that gets broken down by NFL Network Anchor, Rich Eisen and current NFL players, Dwight Freeney and Terrell Thomas, along with actor, Omar Dorsey (who played football for the University of Georgia). Sideline reporter for the NFL, Bonnie Bernstein makes a cameo, interviewing the brothers pre- and post-show as well, lending a level of authenticity to the running sketch.

text: Discography[edit]

text:
Poppin' the Hood! (2004)
Sklar Maps[7] (2007)
Hendersons and Daughters[8] (2011)
What Are We Talking About (2014)


document_title: List of best-selling music artists

question_text: who has sold the most albums world wide

question_tokens: who has sold the most albums world wide

root

text: List of best-selling music artists

text: Definitions

text: All artists included on this list, which have begun charting on official albums or singles charts have their available claimed figures supported by at least 20% in certified units. That is why Cliff Richard, Diana Ross, Scorpions, Charles Aznavour, Bing Crosby, Gloria Estefan, Deep Purple, Iron Maiden, Tom Jones, The Jackson 5, Dionne Warwick, the Spice Girls, Luciano Pavarotti, Dolly Parton, Ozzy Osbourne, Andrea Bocelli and others have not been included on this list. The more recent the artist, the higher the required percentage of certified units, so artists such as Rihanna, Taylor Swift, Flo Rida, Katy Perry, Justin Bieber, Adele, Lady Gaga, Bruno Mars and Nicki Minaj are expected to have their claimed figures supported by over 75% in certified units. The certified units are sourced from available online databases of local music industry associations. All certified units are converted from Gold/Platinum/Diamond certification awards based on criteria provided by certifying bodies. The certified sales percentage varies according to the first year that an artist appeared in the charts.[a]

tag: p

text: The requirements of certified sales are designed to avoid inflated sales figures, which are frequently practiced by record companies for promotional purposes.[1][2] The claimed figures are referenced from online articles created by highly reliable sources. For clarity, the sources used, say the term "records" (singles, albums, videos) and not "albums". However, if all available sources for an artist or band say "albums", such sources are only used if the certified album units of the said artist meet the required percentage amount. This list uses claimed figures that are closest to artists' available certified units: inflated claimed figures that meet the required certified units amount but are unrealistically high, are not used.

text: The claimed figures are upgraded only when there is a significant progress in artists' certified sales. In other words, the available certified sales for each artist should get relatively closer to already listed claimed figure in order for higher figures to replace the listed ones.

text: The certified sales of the newer artists may sometimes be higher than their listed claimed figures. This is because Recording Industry Association of America and almost all other certifying bodies count streaming towards Gold and Platinum thresholds required for Digital Single Award certification.[3][4][5] For this reason, some singles and even albums get over certified by hundreds of thousands of units. The over certified figures, however, are often in millions of units for RIAA certifications, one such example is Rihanna's single "We Found Love", which is certified at nine times Platinum by the RIAA, yet during the time of the certification, it had sold 5.4 million downloads.[6][7]

text: The certified sales for some artists/bands who have multi-disc albums can be higher than their listed claimed figures due to Recording Industry Association of America (RIAA) counting each unit within set as one unit toward certification.

text: Artists by reputed sales

text: 250 million or more records

text:
The Beatles

Elvis Presley

Michael Jackson

Madonna

Elton John

Led Zeppelin

Pink Floyd

tag: ul

text:
To ensure the highest level of fact checking and editorial control, this list sources sales figures to news organizations and highly regarded music industry related organizations such as MTV, VH1, Billboard and Rolling Stone.
The figures of total certified units within the table below are based on certified units of albums, singles (including digital downloads) and videos.
Markets' order within the table is based on Retail Value: each market generates respectively, the largest market at the top and smallest at the bottom.[8][9]

text:
Artist
Country / Market
Period active
Release year of first charted record
Genre
Total certified units
(from available markets)[b]
Claimed sales

The Beatles
United Kingdom
1960–1970[10]
1962[10]
Rock / Pop[10]
7002270800000000000♠

Total available certified units: 270.8 million [show]

US: 212.250 million[11]
JPN: 4.950 million[b][12]
UK: 17.845 million[b][13]
GER: 8 million[b][14]
FRA: 3.890 million[b][15][16]
CAN: 14.455 million[b][17]
AUS: 3.060 million[b][18][19]
ITA: 305,000[b][20]
BRA: 550,000[b][21]
SWE 485,000[b][22]
SPA: 1.240 million[b][23][24]
SWI: 350,000[b][25]
BEL: 265,000[b][26][27]
ARG: 1.590 million[b][28]
DEN: 260,000[b][29][30]
AUT: 500,000[b][31]
POL: 175,000[b][32]
NZ: 660,000[b][33][34]

600 million[35][36]
500 million[37]

Elvis Presley
United States
1954–1977[38]
1954[38]
Rock and roll / Pop / Country[38]
7002211500000000000♠

Total available certified units: 211.5 million [show]

US: 188.650 million[11]
JPN: 300,000[b][12]
UK: 12.245 million[b][13]
GER: 1.2 million[b][14]
FRA: 2.590 million[b][15][16]
CAN: 2.925 million[b][17]
AUS: 1.587 million[b][18]
ITA: 105,000[b][20]
BRA: 125,000[b][21]
SWE 380,000[b][22]
SPA: 300,000[b][23][39][40]
MEX: 105,000[b][41][42]
SWI: 185,000[b][25]
BEL: 115,000[b][26][27]
ARG: 110,000[b][28]
DEN: 120,000[b][43][44][45]
AUT: 205,000[b][31]
FIN: 213,945[b][46]
NZ: 117,500[b][33][34]

600 million[47][48]
500 million[49]

Michael Jackson
United States
1964–2009[50]
1971[50]
Pop / Rock / Dance / Soul / R&B[50]
7002184100000000000♠

Total available certified units: 184.1 million [show]

US: 104.5 million[11]
JPN: 4.650 million[b][12][51]
UK: 27.195 million[13]
GER: 11.275 million[14]
FRA: 11.375 million[15][16][52]
CAN: 4.670 million[17]
AUS: 6.6 million[b][18][19][53][54][55]
ITA: 1.170 million[b][20]
BRA: 280,000[b][21]
SWE: 1.230 million[b][22][56]
SPA: 1.995 million[b][23][24][39][40][57]
MEX: 3.670 million[b][41]
SWI: 910,000[b][25]
BEL: 365,000[b][26][27]
ARG: 100,000[b][28]
DEN: 1.179 million[b][58][59][60]
AUT: 1.197 million[b][31]
POL: 530,000[b][32]
FIN: 384,127[46]
NZ: 902,500[33][34]

350 million[61][62]
300 million[63][64]

Madonna
United States
1979–present[65]
1982[65]
Pop / Dance / Electronica[65]
7002170500000000000♠

Total available certified units: 170.5 million [show]

US: 85.675 million[11]
JPN: 6.450 million [b][12][51]
UK: 28.845 million[13]
GER: 12.4 million[14]
FRA: 12.795 million[15][16][52]
CAN: 6.030 million[17]
AUS: 4.717 million[b][18][66][67]
ITA: 465,000[b][20]
BRA: 3.440 million[b][21]
SWE: 1.070 million[b][22][56]
SPA: 2.815 million[23][24][39][40][57]
MEX: 510,000[b][41]
SWI: 1.080 million[b][25]
BEL: 690,000[b][26][27]
ARG: 970,000[28]
DEN: 407,000[b][58][59][68][69][70][71]
AUT: 602,500[b][31]
POL: 530,000[b][32]
FIN: 652,686[46]
NZ: 417,500[33][34]

300 million[72][73]
275 million[74]

Elton John
United Kingdom
1964–present[75]
1969[75]
Pop / Rock[75]
7002169000000000000♠

Total available certified units: 169 million [show]

US: 117.850 million[11]
JPN: 1.1 million [b][12]
UK: 22.295 million[b][13]
GER: 7.9 million[b][14]
FRA: 4.825 million[b][15][16][52]
CAN: 5.975 million[b][17]
AUS: 2.837 million[b][18]
BRA: 835,000[b][21]
SWE: 740,000[b][22]
SPA: 1.2 million[b][23][24][40][57]
MEX: 100,000[b][41]
SWI: 1.313 million[b][25]
BEL: 390,000[b][26][27]
ARG: 120,000[28]
DEN: 150,000[b][44][59][76]
AUT: 765,000[b][31]
POL: 150,000[b][32]
FIN: 163,481[46]
NZ: 255,000[b][33][34]

300 million[77][78]
250 million[79][80]

Led Zeppelin
United Kingdom
1968–1980[81]
1969[81]
Hard rock / Blues rock / Folk rock[81]
7002139500000000000♠

Total available certified units: 139.5 million [show]

US: 114.1 million[11]
JPN: 400,000 [b][12]
UK: 9.130 million[b][13]
GER: 3.775 million[b][14]
FRA: 2.310 million[b][15][16][82]
CAN: 4.710 million[17]
AUS: 2.8 million[b][18][83][84]
ITA: 345,000[b][20]
BRA: 820,000[b][21]
SPA: 450,000[b][24][40][57]
SWI: 211,000[b][25]
ARG: 360,000[b][28]
POL: 120,000[b][32]

300 million[85][86]
200 million[87][88]

Pink Floyd
United Kingdom
1965–1996, 2014[89][90]
1967[89]
Progressive rock / Psychedelic rock[89]
7002118800000000000♠

Total available certified units: 118.8 million [show]

US: 78 million[11]
JPN: 100,000[b][91]
UK: 11.320 million[b][13]
GER: 7.5 million[b][14]
FRA: 6.360 million[b][15][16][52]
CAN: 6.790 million[b][17]
AUS: 2.932 million[b][18][19]
ITA: 1.685 million[b][20]
BRA: 515,000[b][21]
SWE: 220,000[b][22][56]
SPA: 625,000[b][23][24][39][57]
SWI: 390,000[b][25]
BEL: 115,000[b][26][27]
ARG: 430,000[b][28]
AUT: 460,000[b][31]
POL: 590,000[b][32]
NZ: 787,500[b][33][34]

250 million[92][93]
200 million[94][95]

tag: table

text: The column for certified sales above includes markets, the databases of which contain certifications representing figures of 100,000 and more.

text: 200 million to 249 million records

text:
Rihanna

Mariah Carey

Celine Dion

AC/DC

Whitney Houston

Queen

The Rolling Stones

text:
To ensure the highest level of fact checking and editorial control, this list sources sales figures to news organizations and highly regarded music industry related organizations such as MTV, VH1, Billboard and Rolling Stone.
The figures of total certified units within the table below are based on certified units of albums, singles (including digital downloads) and videos.
Markets' order within the table is based on Retail Value each market generates respectively, the largest market at the top and the smallest at the bottom.[8][9]

text:
Artist
Country / Market
Period active
Release-year of first charted record
Genre
Total certified units
(from available markets)[b]
Claimed sales

Rihanna
Barbados
United States
2005–present[96]
2005[96]
R&B / Pop / Dance / Hip-hop[96]
7002225200000000000♠

Total available certified units: 225.2 million [show]

US: 167.05 million[11]
JPN: 1.4 million[12][51]
UK: 28.7 million[13]
GER: 4.475 million[14]
FRA: 1.425 million[16]
CAN: 2.760 million[17]
AUS: 9.115 million[18]
ITA: 1.395 million[b][20]
BRA: 555,000[21]
SWE: 2.480 million[22][56]
SPA: 1.430 million[23]
MEX: 380,000[41][97]
SWI: 840,000[25]
BEL: 645,000[27]
DEN: 1.072[58][59][60][68][76][98][99][100]
AUT: 120,000[31]
POL: 660,000[32]
IRE: 240,000[101]
NZ: 667,500[33][34]

230 million[102][103]

Mariah Carey
United States
1988–present[104]
1990[104]
R&B / Pop / Soul / Hip-hop[104]
7002136000000000000♠

Total available certified units: 136 million [show]

US: 92.6 million[11]
JPN: 14.5 million [b][12][51][105]
UK: 9.620 million[13]
GER: 3.250 million[14]
FRA: 4.690 million[15][16][52]
CAN: 4.1 million[17]
AUS: 3.445 million[b][18][106]
ITA: 200,000[b][20]
BRA: 835,000[21]
SWE: 425,000[22]
SPA: 1 million[23][24][40][57]
SWI: 515,000[25]
BEL: 150,000[b][26][27]
DEN: 130,000[60][107]
AUT: 200,000[31]
POL: 100,000[b][32]
NZ: 240,000[b][33]

200 million[108][109]
175 million[110][111]

Celine Dion
Canada
1981–present[112]
1981[112]
Pop[112]
7002125000000000000♠

Total available certified units: 125 million [show]

US: 56.550 million[11]
JPN: 7.150 million[b][12][113][114]
UK: 13.555 million[13]
GER: 8 million[14]
FRA: 15.685 million[15][16][52][82]
CAN: 12.245 million[17]
AUS: 3.302 million[b][18][19]
BRA: 505,000[b][21]
SWE: 1.105 million[b][22]
SPA: 1 million[40][57]
SWI: 1.685 million[b][25]
BEL: 1.885 million[b][26][27]
ARG: 340,000[28]
DEN: 370,000[b][44][115][116][117]
AUT: 440,000[b][31]
POL: 680,000[b][32]
FIN: 356,183[46]
NZ: 192,500[33][34]

200 million[118][119]
175 million[120][121]

AC/DC
Australia
1973–present[122]
1975[122]
Hard rock / Blues rock / Rock and roll[122]
7002113100000000000♠

Total available certified units: 113.1 million [show]

US: 79.7 million[11]
UK: 4.2 million[13]
GER: 10.3 million[b][14]
FRA: 4.180 million[15][16]
CAN: 2.490 million[b][17]
AUS: 7.330 million[b][18]
ITA: 750,000[b][20]
SWE: 350,000[b][22][56]
SPA: 1.355 million[b][23][24][39][40][57]
SWI: 894,000[b][25]
BEL: 100,000[b][27]
ARG: 570,000[b][28]
DEN: 135,000[59][60][123]
AUT: 380,000[b][31]
FIN: 321,169[46]
NZ: 140,000[b][33][34]

200 million[124][125]
150 million[126][127]

Whitney Houston
United States
1977–2012[128]
1984[128]
R&B / Soul / Pop[128]
7002112600000000000♠

Total available certified units: 112.6 million [show]

US: 75.275 million[11]
JPN: 4.3 million[b][12][129]
UK: 14.605 million[13]
GER: 5.6 million[b][14]
FRA: 2.275 million[15][16][52]
CAN: 3.430 million[17]
AUS: 1.580 million[b][18][19][130]
ITA: 140,000[b][20]
BRA: 1.025[b][21]
SWE: 1.035 million[b][22]
SPA: 1.260 million[23][24][39][40]
SWI: 845,000[b][25]
BEL: 215,000[b][26][27]
DEN: 140,000[59][60]
AUT: 535,000[b][31]
POL: 180,000[b][32]
FIN: 247,222[46]

200 million[131][132]
170 million[133][134]

Queen
United Kingdom
1971–present[135]
1973[135]
Rock[135]
7002114700000000000♠

Total available certified units: 114.7 million [show]

US: 55.1 million[11]
JPN: 2.850 million[b][12][51][136]
UK: 28.615 million[b][13]
GER: 11.525 million[b][14]
FRA: 4.495 million[b][15][16][52]
CAN: 1.870 million[b][17]
AUS: 2.167 million[b][18][19]
ITA: 460,000[b][20]
BRA: 970,000[b][21]
SWE: 190,000[b][22]
SPA: 1.720 million[b][23][24][39][40]
SWI: 1.256 million[b][25]
BEL: 100,000[b][26][27]
ARG: 1.040 million[b][28]
AUT: 900,000[b][31]
POL: 810,000[b][32]
FIN: 366,152[46]
NZ: 275,000[b][33][34]

200 million[137][138]
150 million[139]

The Rolling Stones
United Kingdom
1962–present[140]
1963[140]
Rock / Blues rock [140]
7001972000000000000♠

Total available certified units: 97.2 million [show]

US: 74.750 million[11]
JPN: 950,000[b][12]
UK: 8.510 million[b][13]
GER: 3.2 million[b][14]
FRA: 3.370 million[b][15][16][52]
AUS: 417,500[b][18]
CAN: 3.025 million[b][17]
ITA: 180,000[b][20]
BRA: 100,000[b][21]
SWE: 310,000[b][22]
SPA: 690,000[b][23][24][39][40][57]
SWI: 238,000[b][25]
BEL: 120,000[b][26][27]
ARG: 710,000[b][28]
AUT: 300,000[b][31]
POL: 140,000[b][32]
NZ: 190,000[b][33][34]

200 million[141][142]

ABBA
Sweden
1972–1982[143]
1972[143]
Pop / Disco[143]
7001607000000000000♠

Total available certified units: 60.7 million [show]

US: 12.7 million[11]
JPN: 1.5 million[b][51][144][145]
UK: 18.970 million[b][13]
GER: 10.450 million[b][14]
FRA: 2.750 million[b][15][16][52]
CAN: 2.785 million[b][17]
AUS: 6.127 million[b][18][146]
BRA: 275,000[b][21][56]
SWE: 800,000[b][22]
SPA: 1.005 million[b][23][39]
MEX: 260,000[b][41]
SWI: 600,000[b][25]
BEL: 380,000[b][26][27]
ARG: 230,000[b][28]
DEN: 600,000[b][147][148][149]
AUT: 175,000[b][31]
POL: 150,000[b][32]
FIN: 656,319[46]
NZ: 297,500[b][34][150][151]

200 million[152][153]
100 million[154][155]

text: 120 million to 199 million records

text:
Taylor Swift

Garth Brooks

Eminem

Eagles

U2

Bruno Mars

Kanye West

text:
Artist
Country / Market
Period active
Release-year of first charted record
Genre
Total certified units
(from available markets)[b]
Claimed sales

Taylor Swift
United States
2006–present[156]
2006[156]
Country / Country pop / Pop / Pop-rock[156]
7002157000000000000♠

Total available certified units: 157 million [show]

US: 134.5 million[11]
JPN: 2.850 million[12][51]
UK: 7.6 million[13]
GER: 750,000[14]
FRA: 150,000[16]
CAN: 4.460 million[17]
AUS: 5.355 million[18]
ITA: 210,000[b][20]
BRA: 170,000[21]
SWE: 180,000[56]
MEX: 450,000[41][42][97]
NZ: 367,500[33][34]

170 million[157]

Garth Brooks
United States
1989–present[158]
1989[158]
Country[158]
7002146000000000000♠

Total available certified units: 156 million [show]

US: 149.4 million[11]
UK: 520,000[13]
CAN: 5.730 million[17]
AUS: 280,000[b][18]
IRE: 120,000[b][101]

160 million[159]

Eminem
United States
1996–present[160]
1999[160]
Hip-hop[160]
7002132000000000000♠

Total available certified units: 132 million [show]

US: 86.1 million[11]
JPN: 2.9 million [12][51]
UK: 21.425 million[13]
GER: 3.450 million[14]
FRA: 3.170 million[16][82]
CAN: 3.770 million[17]
AUS: 5.702 million[18]
ITA: 450,000[b][20]
BRA: 200,000[21]
SWE: 810,000[22][56]
SPA: 290,000[23][57]
MEX: 365,000[41]
SWI: 805,000[25]
BEL: 475,000[26][27]
DEN: 556,000[b][58][161]
AUT: 325,000[31]
POL: 250,000[32]
FIN: 124,547[46]
IRE: 285,000[b][101]
NZ: 562,500[33][34]

155 million[162]

Eagles
United States
1971–1980, 1994–present[163]
1972[163]
Rock[163]
7002129190000099999♠

Total available certified units: 129.2 million [show]

US: 108.9 million[11]
JPN: 600,000[b][12]
UK: 7.635 million[b][13]
GER: 925,000[b][14]
FRA: 2.040 million[b][15][16][52]
CAN: 4.2 million[b][17]
AUS: 3.395 million[b][18][164]
SWE: 140,000[b][22]
SPA: 500,000[b][23][24]
SWI: 290,000[b][25]
DEN: 185,000[b][59]
FIN: 124,749[46]
NZ: 352,500[b][33][34]

150 million[165]

U2
Ireland
1976–present[166]
1980[166]
Rock[166]
7002106500000000000♠

Total available certified units: 106.5 million [show]

US: 53.1 million[11]
JPN: 1.450 million[b][12]
UK: 18.620 million[13]
GER: 5.125 million[14]
FRA: 5.025 million[15][16]
CAN: 7.115 million[17]
AUS: 4.412 million[b][18][19][167]
ITA: 765,000[b][20]
BRA: 2.675 million[b][21]
SWE: 515,000[b][22]
SPA: 2.275 million[23][24][39][40][57]
MEX: 835,000[b][41]
SWI: 696,000[b][25]
BEL: 725,000[b][26][27]
ARG: 590,000[28]
DEN: 473,000[b][58][59][60][76][168]
AUT: 500,000[b][31]
POL: 360,000[b][32]
FIN: 235,460[46]
IRE: 316,000[b][101]
NZ: 765,000[33][34]

150 million[169]

Billy Joel
United States
1964–present[170]
1971[170]
Pop / Rock[170]
7002102600000000000♠

Total available certified units: 102.6 million [show]

US: 87.950 million[11]
JPN: 2 million[b][12][171]
UK: 5.655 million[b][13]
GER: 1.250 million[b][14]
FRA: 925,000[b][15][16][52]
CAN: 3.275 million[b][17]
AUS: 1.267[b][18][19]
AUT: 125,000[b][31]
NZ: 162,500[b][33]

150 million[172]

Phil Collins
United Kingdom
1980–2011, 2015–present[173]
1981[173]
Rock / Progressive rock / Adult contemporary[173]
7001877000000000000♠

Total available certified units: 87.7 million [show]

US: 39.850 million[11]
JPN: 800,000[b][12]
UK: 15.250 million[13]
GER: 13.8 million[14]
FRA: 6.410 million[15][16][52]
CAN: 3.375 million[17]
AUS: 1.522[b][18][19]
BRA: 1.370 million[b][21]
SWE: 245,000[b][22]
SPA: 2.150 million[23][24][40][57]
SWI: 973,000[b][25]
BEL: 305,000[b][26][27]
ARG: 980 million[28]
AUT: 440,000[b][31]
FIN: 182,581[46]
NZ: 122,500[33][34]

150 million[174]

Aerosmith
United States
1970–present[175]
1973[175]
Hard rock[175]
7001846009999900000♠

Total available certified units: 84.6 million [show]

US: 70.250 million[11]
JPN: 2.7 million[b][12][51]
UK: 3.170 million[13]
GER: 2 million[b][14]
FRA: 225,000[15][16][52]
CAN: 3.950 million[b][17]
AUS: 225,000[b][18][176]
ITA: 100,000[b][20]
BRA: 600,000[b][21]
SWE: 260,000[b][22]
SPA: 200,000[b][23][40]
MEX: 230,000[b][41]
SWI: 145,000[b][25]
ARG: 290,000[b][28]
AUT: 125,000[b][31]
POL: 100,000[b][32]
FIN: 101,722[46]

150 million[177]

Frank Sinatra
United States
1935–1995[178]
1939[178]
Pop / Swing[178]
7001373009999900000♠

Total available certified units: 37.3 million [show]

US: 28.2 million[b][11]
UK: 5.445 million[b][13]
GER: 1 million[b][14]
FRA: 600,000[b][15]
CAN: 650,000[b][17]
AUS: 245,000[b][18]
BRA: 350,000[b][21]
SWE: 130,000[b][22]
SPA: 500,000[b][24][40][57]
ARG: 180,000[b][28]

150 million[179]

Barbra Streisand
United States
1960–present[180]
1963[180]
Pop / Adult contemporary[180]
7001974000000000000♠

Total available certified units: 97.4 million [show]

US: 82.450 million[11]
UK: 5.765 million[b][13]
GER: 750,000[b][14]
FRA: 3.150 million[b][15][16][52]
CAN: 2.650 million[b][17]
AUS: 2.047 million[b][18]
SWE: 120,000[22][56]
SPA: 150,000[b][57]
FIN: 186,501[b][46]
NZ: 137,500[b][33]

145 million[181]

Bruno Mars
United States
2004–present[182]
2010[182]
Pop rock / R&B[182]
7002118000000000000♠

Total available certified units: 118 million [show]

US: 84.5 million[11]
JPN: 1.1 million[12][51]
UK: 12.9 million[13]
GER: 3.4 million[14]
FRA: 1.775 million[16]
CAN: 5.240 million[17]
AUS: 4.690 million[18]
ITA: 615,000[b][20]
SWE: 440,000[22][56]
SPA: 470,000[23]
MEX: 780,000[41][42]
SWI: 405,000[25]
BEL: 345,000[27]
DEN: 365,000[b][60][183]
AUT: 180,000[31]
NZ: 532,500[33]
PHL: 330,000[184]

124 million[185]

Kanye West
United States
1996–present[186]
2004[186]
Hip-hop / Electronic / Pop rock[186]
7002102300000000000♠

Total available certified units: 102.3 million [show]

US: 87.750 million[11]
JPN: 100,000[187]
UK: 10.220 million[13]
GER: 300,000[14]
CAN: 1.180 million[17]
AUS: 2.135 million[18]
ITA: 135,000[b][20]
SWE: 160,000[56]
DEN: 404,000[59][60][68][188]

121 million[189]

Bruce Springsteen
United States
1972–present[190]
1973[190]
Rock[190]
7002101500000000000♠

Total available certified units: 101.5 million [show]

US: 76.150 million[11]
JPN: 400,000[b][12]
UK: 7.145 million[13]
GER: 4.325 million[b][14]
FRA: 1.887 million[15][16][52]
CAN: 3.2 million[b][17]
AUS: 3.362 million[b][18]
ITA: 575,000[b][20]
BRA: 100,000[b][21]
SWE: 810,000[b][22][56]
SPA: 1.730 million[b][23][24][39][40][57]
SWI: 400,000[b][25]
DEN: 155,000[b][58][60][68][191]
AUT: 290,000[b][31]
FIN: 449,800[46]
IRE: 189,500[b][101]
NZ: 375,000[33][34]

120 million[192]

Bee Gees
United Kingdom
Australia[193][194]
1963–2003
2009–2012[195]
1963[195]
Pop / Disco[195]
7001673000000000000♠

Total available certified units: 67.3 million [show]

US: 41.5 million[11]
JPN: 300,000[b][12][196][197]
UK: 9.065 million[b][13]
GER: 6.675 million[b][14]
FRA: 3.4 million[b][15][16][52]
CAN: 3.215 million[b][17]
AUS: 1.187 million[b][18]
BRA: 350,000[b][21]
SPA: 450,000[b][24][39][57]
SWI: 415,000[b][25]
ARG: 180,000[b][28]
AUT: 125,000[b][31]
POL: 100,000[b][32]
NZ: 380,000[b][33][34]

120 million[198]

text: 100 million to 119 million records

text:
Katy Perry

Justin Bieber

Adele

Lady Gaga

Metallica

Jay Z

Bon Jovi

text:
To ensure the high level of fact checking and editorial control, this list sources sales figures to news organizations and highly regarded music industry related organizations such as MTV, VH1, Billboard and Rolling Stone.
The figures of total certified units within the table below are based on certified units of albums, singles (including digital downloads) and videos.
Markets' order within the table is based on Retail Value each market generates respectively, the largest market at the top and the smallest at the bottom.[8][9]

text:
Artist
Country / Market
Period active
Release-year of first charted record
Genre
Total certified units
(from available markets)[b]
Claimed sales

Lady Gaga
United States
2005–present[199]
2008[199]
Pop / Dance / Electronic[199]
7001972000000000000♠

Total available certified units: 97.2 million [show]

US: 66.5 million[11]
JPN: 5.4 million[12][51]
UK: 10.985 million[13]
GER: 2.9 million[14]
FRA: 1.58 million[16]
CAN: 2.4 million[17]
AUS: 2.890 million[18]
ITA: 815,000[b][20]
BRA: 470,000[21]
SWE: 680,000[22][56]
SPA: 410,000[23]
MEX: 390,000[41][97]
SWI: 445,000[25]
BEL: 270,000[27]
DEN: 340,000[59][60][100]
AUT: 182,500[31]
POL: 130,000[32]
IRE: 165,000[101]
NZ: 277,500[33][34]

114 million[200]

Metallica
United States
1981–present[201]
1983[201]
Heavy metal / Thrash metal[201]
7001941000000000000♠

Total available certified units: 94.1 million [show]

US: 73.3 million[11]
JPN: 900,000[b][12]
UK: 3.335 million[13]
GER: 3.425 million[14]
FRA: 940,000[15][16]
CAN: 3.805 million[17]
AUS: 2.637 million[b][18][19][202]
ITA: 180,000[b][20]
BRA: 380,000[b][21]
SWE: 675,000[b][22]
SPA: 420,000[23][40][57]
MEX: 430,000[b][41][97]
SWI: 560,000[b][25]
BEL: 335,000[b][26][27]
DEN: 180,000[60][59]
ARG: 770,000[28]
AUT: 340,000[b][31]
POL: 735,000[b][32]
FIN: 530,676[46]
NZ: 315,000[33][34]

110 million[203]

Katy Perry
United States
2001–present[204]
2008[204]
Pop[204]
7002127200000000000♠

Total available certified units: 127.2 million [show]

US: 96.5 million[11]
JPN: 300,000[12][51]
UK: 11.950 million[13]
GER: 2.750 million[14]
FRA: 775,000[16]
CAN: 5.8 million[17]
AUS: 5.090 million[18]
ITA: 680,000[b][20]
BRA: 625,000[21]
SWE: 520,000[22][56]
SPA: 180,000[23]
MEX: 900,000[41][97]
SWI: 160,000[25]
BEL: 135,000[27]
DEN: 235,000[58][60]
AUT: 240,000[31]
NZ: 360,000[33][34]

100 million[205]

Justin Bieber
Canada
United States
2008–present[206]
2009[206]
Pop / Teen pop, Dance pop[206]
7002126700000000000♠

Total available certified units: 126.7 million [show]

US: 86.5 million[11]
JPN: 750,000 [12][51]
UK: 14.785 million[13]
GER: 3.1 million[14]
FRA: 1.2[16]
CAN: 4.780 million[17]
AUS: 4.340 million[18]
ITA: 1.595 million[20]
BRA: 810,000[21]
SWE: 1.820 million[22][56]
SPA: 860,000[23]
MEX: 2.910 million[41][42][97]
BEL: 435,000[27]
DEN: 1.850 million[60]
POL: 370,000[32]
NZ: 600,000[33]

100 million[207]

Adele
United Kingdom
2006–present[208]
2008[208]
Pop, soul[208]
7002104500000000000♠

Total available certified units: 104.5 million [show]

US: 61 million[11]
JPN: 100,000[12]
UK: 20.550 million[13]
GER: 4.7 million[14]
CAN: 6.040 million[17]
AUS: 3.955 million[18]
ITA: 1.545 million[b][20]
BRA: 1.310 million[21]
SWE: 240,000[22][56]
SPA: 800,000[23]
MEX: 1.490 million[41][42]
SWI: 510,000[25]
BEL: 795,000[27]
DEN: 522,500[58][60]
POL: 300,000[b][32]
FIN: 151,639[46]
NZ: 577,500[33]

100 million[209]

Jay Z
United States
1996–present[210]
1996[210]
Hip-hop[210]
7001961000000000000♠

Total available certified units: 96.1 million [show]

US: 80.7 million[11]
JPN: 1.050 million[51]
UK: 9.320 million[13]
GER: 1.550 million[14]
FRA: 400,000[16]
CAN: 1.6 million[17]
AUS: 1.260[18]
ITA: 180,000[b][20]
SWE: 130,000[22][56]

100 million[211]

Bon Jovi
United States
1983–present[212]
1983[212]
Hard rock / Glam metal[212]
7001838000000000000♠

Total available certified units: 83.8 million [show]

US: 49.9 million[11]
JPN: 4.400 million[b][12][51]
UK: 9.290 million[13]
GER: 5.650 million[14]
FRA: 825,000[15][16][52]
CAN: 4.735 million[17]
AUS: 3.030 million[b][18][213][214]
ITA: 110,000[b][20]
BRA: 435,000[b][21]
SWE: 365,000[b][22][56]
SPA: 1.620 million[23][24][39][40][57]
MEX: 250,000[b][41]
SWI: 1.275 million[b][25]
AUT: 725,000[b][31]
BEL: 165,000[b][26][27]
ARG: 350,000[28]
POL: 110,000[b][32]
FIN: 422,500[46]
NZ: 210,000[33][34]

100 million[215]

Lil Wayne
United States
1996–present[216]
1999[216]
Hip-hop[216]
7001799000000000000♠

Total available certified units: 79.9 million [show]

US: 77.7 million[11]
UK: 1.460 million[13]
CAN: 280,000[17]
AUS: 525,000[18]

100 million[217]

Linkin Park
United States
1996–present[218]
2000[218]
Alternative rock / Nu metal / Rap rock[218]
7001787000000000000♠

Total available certified units: 78.7 million [show]

US: 58.6 million[11]
JPN: 1.550 million[12][51]
UK: 5.945 million[13]
GER: 5.750 million[14]
FRA: 1.025[16]
CAN: 1.330 million[17]
AUS: 1.450 million[18]
ITA: 430,000[b][20]
BRA: 595,000[21]
SWE: 165,000[22][56]
SPA: 175,000[23]
MEX: 225,000[41]
SWI: 425,000[25]
BEL: 140,000[27]
DEN: 125,000[58][60]
AUT: 252,500[31]
POL: 220,000[32]
FIN: 120,469[46]
NZ: 252,500[33][34]

100 million[219]

Britney Spears
United States
1998–present[220]
1998[220]
Pop / Dance / Dance-pop[220]
7001785000000000000♠

Total available certified units: 78.5 million [show]

US: 44.2 million[11]
JPN: 2.1 million[12][129]
UK: 10.150 million[13]
GER: 5.050 million[14]
FRA: 3.732 million[15][16][52]
CAN: 3.680 million[17]
AUS: 3.130 million[18]
ITA: 175,000[b][20]
BRA: 380,000[21]
SWE: 1.010 million[22][56]
SPA: 990,000[23][40][57]
MEX: 1.175 million[b][41]
SWI: 485,000[25]
AUT: 365,000[31]
BEL: 935,000[26][27]
ARG: 240,000[28]
DEN: 187,500[b][58][59][221][222]
POL: 210,000[32]
FIN: 143,627[46]
NZ: 240,000[33][34]

100 million[223]

Beyoncé
United States
1997–present[224]
2002[224][225]
R&B / Pop[224]
7001780000000000000♠

Total available certified units: 78 million [show]

US: 53.650 million[11]
JPN: 1.7 million [12][51]
UK: 13.685 million[13]
GER: 1.550 million[14]
FRA: 560,000[16][82]
CAN: 1.395 million[17]
AUS: 2.905 million[18]
ITA: 260,000[b][20]
BRA: 390,000[21]
SPA: 1.010 million[b][23][226]
MEX: 110,000[41]
SWI: 165,000[25]
BEL: 115,000[27]
DEN: 230,000[59][60][68][100][227][228]
POL: 100,000[32]
NZ: 210,000[33][34]

100 million[229]

Rod Stewart
United Kingdom
1964–present[230]
1969[230]
Rock / Pop[230]
7001778000000000000♠

Total available certified units: 77.8 million [show]

US: 43.650 million[11]
JPN: 450,000[b][12]
UK: 18.330 million[b][13]
GER: 3.8 million[b][14]
FRA: 1.8 million[b][15][16][52]
CAN: 4.055 million[b][17]
AUS: 2.610 million[b][18][19]
BRA: 980,000[b][21]
SWE: 440,000[b][22]
SPA: 290,000[b][23][24][39]
SWI: 100,000[b][25]
ARG: 500,000[b][28]
AUT: 100,000[b][31]
POL: 220,000[b][32]
IRE: 195,000[b][101]
NZ: 280,000[b][33][34]

100 million[231]

Fleetwood Mac
United Kingdom
United States
1967–present[232]
1968[232]
Rock / Pop[232]
7001761009999900000♠

Total available certified units: 76.1 million [show]

US: 51.250 million[11]
UK: 13.585 million[b][13]
GER: 3.5 million[b][14]
FRA: 800,000[b][15][16]
AUS: 2.767 million[b][18][19]
CAN: 2.950 million[b][17]
SPA: 300,000[b][40][57]
SWI: 100,000[b][25]
BEL: 100,000[b][27]
NZ: 572,500[b][34][233][234]

100 million[235]

Guns N' Roses
United States
1985–present[236]
1987[236]
Hard rock / Heavy metal[236]
7001737000000000000♠

Total available certified units: 73.7 million [show]

US: 48.5 million[11]
JPN: 1.7 million[b][12]
UK: 5.850 million[13]
GER: 4.1 million[14]
FRA: 1 million[16]
CAN: 3.520 million[17]
AUS: 2.410[b][18][19][164]
ITA: 685,000[b][20]
BRA: 1.9 million[b][21]
SWE: 485,000[22]
SPA: 450,000[23][24][39]
MEX: 760,000[b][41]
SWI: 365,000[b][25]
BEL: 165,000[b][26][27]
ARG: 1.080 million[b][28]
AUT: 365,000[31]
IRE: 105,000[b][101]
NZ: 270,000[33][34]

100 million[237]

George Strait
United States
1981–present[238]
1984[238]
Country[238]
7001728000000000000♠

Total available certified units: 72.8 million [show]

US: 72.150 million[11]
CAN: 705,000[17]

100 million[239]

Backstreet Boys
United States
1993–present[240]
1995[240]
Pop[240]
7001720000000000000♠

Total available certified units: 72 million [show]

US: 41.5 million[11]
JPN: 5.4 million[12][51][241]
UK: 4.835 million[13]
GER: 7 million[14]
FRA: 325,000[15][16]
CAN: 3.430 million[17]
AUS: 1.4 million[b][18]
BRA: 1.625 million[21]
SWE: 655,000[22]
SPA: 1.850 million[40][57]
MEX: 1.475 million[b][41]
SWI: 415,000[25]
BEL: 425,000[b][26][27]
ARG: 740,000[28]
AUT: 325,000[31]
POL: 300,000[32]
FIN: 171,390[46]
NZ: 132,500[33]

100 million[242]

Neil Diamond
United States
1966–present[243]
1966[243]
Pop / Rock[243]
7001683000000000000♠

Total available certified units: 68.3 million [show]

US: 55.9 million[11]
UK: 7.130 million[b][13]
GER: 1 million[b][14]
FRA: 400,000[b][15]
CAN: 1.725 million[b][17]
AUS: 1.945 million[b][18]
SPA: 100,000[b][39]
NZ: 127,500[b][33][34]

100 million[244]

Prince
United States
1976–2016[245]
1978[245]
Funk / R&B / Pop / Soul / Rock[245]
7001642000000000000♠

Total available certified units: 64.2 million [show]

US: 48.950 million[11]
JPN: 300,000[b][12]
UK: 7.045 million[13]
GER: 2.4 million[14]
FRA: 2.110 million[15][16]
CAN: 1 million[17]
AUS: 1.120[b][18][19]
SWE: 100,000[22]
SPA: 700,000[b][24][39][40][57]
SWI: 250,000[b][25]
AUT: 125,000[b][31]
NZ: 177,500[b][33]

100 million[246]

Paul McCartney
United Kingdom
1960–present[247]
1970[247]
Rock[247]
7001606000000000000♠

Total available certified units: 60.6 million [show]

US: 41.450 million[11]
JPN: 500,000[b][12]
UK: 12.365 million[b][13]
GER: 1.525 million[b][14]
FRA: 1.305 million[b][15][16][52]
CAN: 1.955 million[b][17]
AUS: 465,000[b][18][19]
SWE: 210,000[b][56][248]
SPA: 640,000[b][24][39]
DEN: 210,000[b][59][249]

100 million[250]

Kenny Rogers
United States
1958–present[251]
1975[251]
Country / Pop[251]
7001589000000000000♠

Total available certified units: 58.9 million [show]

US: 51.550 million[11]
JPN: 100,000[b][252]
UK: 2.520 million[13]
CAN: 4.6 million[17]
AUS: 100,000[b][253][254]
SPA: 100,000[b][39]

100 million[255]

Janet Jackson
United States
1982–present[256]
1982[256]
R&B / Pop[256]
7001521000000000000♠

Total available certified units: 52.1 million [show]

US: 39.750 million[11]
JPN: 1.6 million [b][12]
UK: 4.760 million[13]
GER: 1.4 million[14]
FRA: 1.475 million[15][16][52]
CAN: 1.460 million[17]
AUS: 1.155[b][18][19]
SWE: 105,000[b][22]
SPA: 150,000[40][57]
SWI: 170,000[b][25]
BEL: 125,000[b][26]

100 million[257]

Julio Iglesias
Spain
1968–present[258]
1968[258]
Latin[258]
7001510000000000000♠

Total available certified units: 51 million [show]

US: 11 million[11]
JPN: 800,000[b][259]
UK: 1.620 million[b][13][259]
GER: 250,000[b][14]
FRA: 6.1 million[15][16][52][259]
CAN: 1.5 million[17]
AUS: 540,000[b][18][259]
ITA: 400,000[b][20][259]
NLD:950,000[b][259]
BRA: 12.475 million[b][21][259]
SWE: 290,000[b][22][259]
SPA: 8.7 million[b][23][24][39][40][57][259]
MEX: 2.975 million[b][41][259]
BEL: 125,000[b][259]
ARG: 3.220 million[b][28][259]
FIN: 131,636[b][46]

100 million[260]

Chicago
United States
1967–present[261]
1969[261]
Rock / Pop[261]
7001483000000000000♠

Total available certified units: 48.3 million [show]

US: 44.150 million[11]
JPN: 400,000[b][12][262]
UK: 1.490 million[b][13]
GER: 250,000[b][14]
FRA: 100,000[b][15]
CAN: 1.865 million[17]
SPA: 100,000[b][24]

100 million[263]

The Carpenters
United States
1969–1983[264]
1969[264]
Pop[264]
7001460000000000000♠

Total available certified units: 46 million [show]

US: 34.6 million[11]
JPN: 2.9 million[b][12][114][265]
UK: 7.950 million[b][13]
GER: 250,000[b][14]
CAN: 275,000[b][17]
BRA: 100,000[b][21]

100 million[266]

Bob Dylan
United States
1959–present[267]
1963[267]
Folk / Rock[267]
7001451000000000000♠

Total available certified units: 45.1 million [show]

US: 35.6 million[11]
UK: 5.825 million[b][13]
GER: 625,000[b][14]
FRA: 800,000[b][15][16]
CAN: 1.5 million[b][17]
AUS: 480,000[b][18]
SWI: 175,000[b][25]
NZ: 105,000[b][33]

100 million[268]

Dire Straits
United Kingdom
1977–1995[269]
1978[269]
Rock [269]
7001447000000000000♠

Total available certified units: 44.7 million [show]

US: 15.5 million[11]
UK: 11.1 million[13]
GER: 3.750 million[14]
FRA: 5.3 million[15][16]
CAN: 2.575 million[17]
AUS: 2.190 million[b][18][19]
ITA: 385,000[b][20]
BRA: 175,000[b][21]
SWE: 360,000[b][22]
SPA: 1.380 million[b][23][24][39][40]
SWI: 1 million[b][25]
BEL: 100,000[b][26][27]
AUT: 300,000[b][31]
FIN: 471,530[46]
NZ: 155,000[b][34]

100 million[270]

Bryan Adams
Canada
1979–present[271]
1979[271]
Rock[271]
7001445000000000000♠

Total available certified units: 44.5 million [show]

US: 21 million[11]
JPN: 600,000[b][12]
UK: 8.675 million[13]
GER: 3.850 million[14]
FRA: 650,000[15][16][52]
CAN: 5.120 million[17]
AUS: 2.010 million[b][18][272]
BRA: 100,000[b][21]
SWE: 440,000[b][22]
SPA: 450,000 [b][24][40][57]
SWI: 805,000[b][25]
BEL: 250,000[b][26][27]
AUT: 375,000[b][31]
FIN: 183,444[46]

100 million[273]

Def Leppard
United Kingdom
1977–present[274]
1979[274]
Hard rock / Heavy metal[274]
7001418009999900000♠

Total available certified units: 41.8 million [show]

US: 35.650 million[11]
JPN: 300,000[b][12]
UK: 1.960 million[13]
FRA: 200,000[15]
CAN: 2.995 million[17]
AUS: 385,000[19][275]
SWE: 150,000[b][22]
MEX: 200,000[b][41]
SWI: 125,000[b][25]

100 million[276]

Cher
United States
1964–present[277]
1965[277]
Pop / Rock / Dance / Folk[277]
7001404000000000000♠

Total available certified units: 40.4 million [show]

US: 21.9 million[11]
JPN: 100,000[b][12]
UK: 6.450 million[b][13]
GER: 4.175 million[b][14]
FRA: 1.525 million[b][16][52]
CAN: 1.340 million[b][17]
AUS: 1.530 million[b][18][278]
ITA: 300,000[b][279]
BRA: 125,000[b][21]
SWE: 850,000[b][22][56]
SPA: 600,000[b][40][57][279]
MEX: 200,000[b][41]
SWI: 295,000[b][25]
BEL: 275,000[b][26]
DEN: 300,000[b][279][280]
AUT: 250,000[b][31]
POL: 100,000[b][32]
NZ: 150,000[33][281]

100 million[282]

Lionel Richie
United States
1968–present[283]
1981[283]
Pop / R&B[283]
7001402000000000000♠

Total available certified units: 40.2 million [show]

US: 28.650 million[11]
UK: 6.155 million[b][13]
GER: 1.050 million[b][14]
FRA: 1.4 million[b][15][16]
CAN: 2.380 million[b][17]
AUS: 260,000[b][18][284]
BRA: 100,000[b][21]
SPA: 150,000[24][39]
SWI: 145,000[b][25]

100 million[285]

Genesis
United Kingdom
1967–1999
2006–present[286]
1969[286]
Progressive rock / Pop rock[286]
7001399000000000000♠

Total available certified units: 39.9 million [show]

US: 21.650 million[11]
JPN: 100,000[b][12]
UK: 7.325 million[b][13]
GER: 5.875 million[b][14]
FRA: 3.460 million[b][15][16]
CAN: 805,000[b][17]
SWE: 100,000[b][22]
SPA: 250,000[b][23][24][39]
SWI: 400,000[b][25]

100 million[287]

James Taylor
United States
1968–present[288]
1970[288]
Rock / Pop[288]
7001355000000000000♠

Total available certified units: 35.5 million [show]

US: 34.650 million[11]
UK: 655,000[b][13]
CAN: 100,000[b][17]
AUS: 100,000[b][18]

100 million[289]

Olivia Newton-John
Australia
1966–present[290]
1966[290]
Pop[290]
7001346000000000000♠

Total available certified units: 34.6 million [show]

US: 27 million[11]
JPN: 100,000[b][12]
UK: 3.950 million[b][13]
GER: 250,000[b][14]
CAN: 3.025 million[b][17]
AUS: 310,000[b][18][19]

100 million[291]

Stevie Wonder
United States
1961–present[292]
1962[292]
Funk / R&B / Soul[292]
7001346000000000000♠

Total available certified units: 34.6 million [show]

US: 21.650 million[11]
JPN: 1.050 million[b][12]
UK: 8.285 million[b][13]
GER: 500,000[b][14]
FRA: 1.4 million[b][15][52]
CAN: 1.550 million[17]
SPA: 250,000[b][39]

100 million[293]

Tina Turner
United States
1955–present[294]
1975[294]
Rock / Pop[294]
7001328009999900000♠

Total available certified units: 32.8 million [show]

US: 12.7 million[11]
UK: 8.145 million[13]
GER: 6.050 million[14]
FRA: 1.135 million[15][16][52]
CAN: 1.560 million[17]
AUS: 480,000[b][18][19]
SWE: 330,000[b][22]
SPA: 700,000[b][23][24][39][40]
SWI: 565,000[b][25]
BEL: 190,000[b][26][27]
AUT: 630,000[b][31]
POL: 120,000[b][32]
FIN: 241,954[46]

100 million[295]

Linda Ronstadt
United States
1967–present[296]
1968[296]
Rock / Folk / Country[296]
7001325000000000000♠

Total available certified units: 32.5 million [show]

US: 31.5 million[11]
UK: 435,000[b][13]
FRA: 100,000[b][15]
CAN: 500,000[b][17]

100 million[297]

Donna Summer
United States
1968–2012[298]
1974[298]
Pop / Disco / R&B[298]
7001308000000000000♠

Total available certified units: 30.8 million [show]

US: 24.5 million[11]
UK: 3.735 million[b][13]
FRA: 900,000[b][15][16]
CAN: 1.550 million[b][17]
BRA: 100,000[b][21]
SPA: 100,000[b][40]

100 million[299]

The Beach Boys
United States
1961–present[300]
1962[300]
Rock / Pop / Surf Rock[300]
7001305000000000000♠

Total available certified units: 30.5 million [show]

US: 25.6 million[11]
UK: 3.410 million[b][13]
GER: 250,000[b][14]
FRA: 400,000[b][15][16][52]
CAN: 100,000[b][17]
AUS: 492,500[b][18][19]
SPA: 250,000[b][39][40]

100 million[301]

David Bowie
United Kingdom
1962–2016[302]
1967[302]
Art rock / Glam rock / Pop[302]
7001296000000000000♠

Total available certified units: 29.6 million [show]

US: 11.7 million[11]
JPN: 200,000[b][12]
UK: 11.445 million[b][13]
GER: 525,000[b][14]
FRA: 2.380 million[b][15][16][52]
CAN: 2.215 million[b][17]
AUS: 565,000[b][18]
ITA: 320,000[b][20]
SPA: 170,000[b][23][24][39]
NZ: 142,500[b][33]

100 million[303]

The Who
United Kingdom
1964–present[304]
1965[304]
Rock / Hard rock[304]
7001269000000000000♠

Total available certified units: 26.9 million [show]

US: 22.150 million[11]
UK: 3.905 million[b][13]
FRA: 300,000[b][15]
CAN: 425,000[b][17]
ITA: 125,000[b][20]

100 million[305]

Barry White
United States
1972–2003[306]
1973[306]
R&B / Soul[306]
7001217000000000000♠

Total available certified units: 21.7 million [show]

US: 16.5 million[11]
UK: 3.665 million[b][13]
FRA: 1.1 million[b][15][16]
CAN: 150,000[b][17]
SPA: 200,000[b][57]
BEL: 150,000[b][27]

100 million[307]

text: 80 million to 99 million records

text:
B'z

Shania Twain

Coldplay

Flo Rida

Nicki Minaj

Ayumi Hamasaki

Van Halen

text:
Artist
Country / Market
Period active
Release-year of first charted record
Genre
Total certified units
(from available markets)[b]
Claimed sales

Shania Twain
Canada
1993–present[308]
1993[308]
Country pop[308]
7001756009999900000♠

Total available certified units: 75.6 million [show]

US: 54.5 million[11]
JPN: 300,000[b][12]
UK: 6.795 million[13]
GER: 1.750 million[14]
FRA: 975,000[16][52]
CAN: 6.8 million[17]
AUS: 2.360 million[b][18]
BRA: 475,000[21]
SWE: 330,000[22]
SPA: 100,000[57]
MEX: 100,000[b][41]
SWI: 310,000[25]
BEL: 250,000[b][26][27]
ARG: 120,000[28]
AUT: 115,000[31]
NZ: 402,500[33][34]

90 million[309]

Coldplay
United Kingdom
1996–present[310]
1999[310]
Alternative rock, Pop rock, Pop[310]
7001737000000000000♠

Total available certified units: 73.7 million [show]

US: 26.6 million[11]
JPN: 750,000[12][51]
UK: 23.085 million[13]
GER: 4.150 million[14]
FRA: 2.930[16]
CAN: 3.205 million[17]
AUS: 3.585 million[18]
ITA: 2.525 million[b][20]
BRA: 340,000[21]
SWE: 590,000[22][56]
SPA: 1.030 million[23]
MEX: 1.890 million[41][42][97]
SWI: 510,000[25]
BEL: 735,000[27]
ARG: 280,000[28]
DEN: 619,000[58][60]
AUT: 197,500[31]
POL: 220,000[b][32]
IRE: 210,000[b][101]
NZ: 345,000[33]

90 million[311]

Santana
United States
1966–present[312]
1969[312]
Rock[312]
7001618000000000000♠

Total available certified units: 61.8 million [show]

US: 47.475 million[11]
JPN: 400,000[b][12]
UK: 2.980 million[b][13]
GER: 2.4 million[b][14]
FRA: 3.510 million[b][15][16][52]
CAN: 1.660 million[b][17]
AUS: 855,000[b][18]
BRA: 375,000[b][21]
SWE: 125,000[b][22]
SPA: 450,000[b][40][57]
MEX: 405,000[b][41]
SWI: 375,000[b][25]
BEL: 190,000[b][26][27]
ARG: 150,000[b][28]
AUT: 145,000[b][31]
POL: 205,000[b][32]
NZ: 135,000[b][33][34]

90 million[313]

Earth, Wind & Fire
United States
1969–present[314]
1971[314]
Funk / R&B / Soul[314]
7001356000000000000♠

Total available certified units: 35.6 million [show]

US: 31.8 million[11]
JPN: 500,000[b][12][315][316]
UK: 2.525 million[13]
FRA: 500,000[15][16]
CAN: 360,000[17]

90 million[317]

Johnny Cash
United States
1954–2003[318]
1956[318]
Country/ Rock and roll/ Gospel[318]
7001307000000000000♠

Total available certified units: 30.7 million [show]

US: 25.7 million[11]
UK: 3.660 million[b][13]
GER: 400,000[b][14]
CAN: 490,000[b][17]
AUS: 522,500[b][18]

90 million[319]

B'z
Japan
1988–present[320]
1988[320]
Rock / Pop rock / Hard rock[320]
7001855000000000000♠

Total available certified units: 85.5 million [show]

JPN: 85.5 million[b][12][51][105]

86 million[321]

Nicki Minaj
United States
2008–present[322]
2010[322]
Hip hop, Pop[322]
7001672000000000000♠

Total available certified units: 67.2 million [show]

US: 54.5 million[11]
JPN: 350,000[51]
UK: 6.3 million[13]
GER: 800,000[14]
FRA: 225,000[16]
CAN: 480,000[17]
AUS: 2.835 million[18]
ITA: 350,000[20]
BRA: 250,000[21]
SWE: 400,000[22][56]
SPA: 100,000[23]
MEX: 150,000[41][97]
SWI: 180,000[25]
DEN: 130,000[60]
NZ: 187,500[33]

85 million[323]

R.E.M.
United States
1980–2011[324]
1983[324]
Alternative rock[324]
7001424000000000000♠

Total available certified units: 42.4 million [show]

US: 21.150 million[11]
UK: 8.705 million[13]
GER: 4.275 million[14]
FRA: 1.450 million[15][16]
CAN: 2.650 million[17]
AUS: 1.030[b][18][19]
ITA: 175,000[b][20]
BRA: 100,000[b][21]
SWE: 500,000[b][22]
SPA: 1.1 million[23][24][40][57]
SWI: 450,000[b][25]
BEL: 150,000[b][26][27]
DEN: 155,000[b][58][59]
AUT: 350,000[b][31]
IRE: 127,500[b][101]
NZ: 105,000[33]

85 million[325]

Flo Rida
United States
2007–present[326]
2007[326]
Hip-hop, Hip house, EDM[326]
7001698000000000000♠

Total available certified units: 69.8 million [show]

US: 49 million[11]
JPN: 650,000[b][12][51]
UK: 7.960 million[13]
GER: 3 million[14]
FRA: 225,000[16]
CAN: 2.810 million[17]
AUS: 3.535 million[b][18]
ITA: 330,000[b][20]
SWE: 780,000[22]
SPA: 140,000[57]
MEX: 330,000[b][41]
SWI: 420,000[25]
DEN: 205,000[b][60]
AUT: 180,000[31]
NZ: 247,500[33][34]

80 million[327]

Ayumi Hamasaki
Japan
1998–present[328]
1998[328]
J-pop / Pop / dance / electronic[328]
7001643000000000000♠

Total available certified units: 64.3 million [show]

JPN: 64.3 million[12][51][105]

80 million[329][330]

Van Halen
United States
1978–present[331]
1978[331]
Hard rock / Heavy metal[331]
7001643000000000000♠

Total available certified units: 64.3 million [show]

US: 57.8 million[11]
JPN: 1.3 million[b][12][129]
UK: 740,000[13]
GER: 1.5 million[14]
FRA: 400,000[15]
CAN: 2.450 million[17]
BRA: 200,000[b][21]

80 million[332]

Red Hot Chili Peppers
United States
1983–present[333]
1987[333]
Funk rock / Alternative rock[333]
7001573000000000000♠

Total available certified units: 57.3 million [show]

US: 32.250 million[11]
JPN: 2.6 million[b][12][51]
UK: 9.595 million[13]
GER: 2.650 million[14]
FRA: 1.420 million[16]
CAN: 2.020 million[17]
AUS: 2.590 million[b][18][19]
ITA: 420,000[b][20]
BRA: 515,000[b][21]
SWE: 390,000[b][22]
SPA: 640,000[23][40][57]
MEX: 150,000[b][41]
SWI: 405,000[b][25]
BEL: 170,000[b][27]
ARG: 390,000[28]
DEN: 227,000[b][58][59][68][334]
AUT: 247,500[b][31]
POL: 245,000[b][32]
FIN: 171,951[46]
NZ: 285,000[33][34]

80 million[335]

Foreigner
United States
United Kingdom
1976–present[336]
1977[336]
Rock / Hard Rock[336]
7001496000000000000♠

Total available certified units: 49.6 million [show]

US: 45.1 million[11]
UK: 1.300 million[13]
GER: 1.5 million[14]
FRA: 400,000[15][16]
CAN: 700,000[17]
AUS: 105,000[b][18]
SWI: 125,000[b][25]

80 million[337]

The Doors
United States
1965–1973[338]
1967[338]
Psychedelic rock[338]
7001469000000000000♠

Total available certified units: 46.9 million [show]

US: 36.6 million[11]
UK: 2.040 million[b][13]
GER: 1.750 million[b][14]
FRA: 1.9 million[b][15][16]
CAN: 2.780 million[b][17]
AUS: 1.022 million[b][18]
ITA: 130,000[b][20]
BRA: 100,000[21]
SPA: 300,000[b][39][57]
SWI: 125,000[b][25]
ARG: 150,000[28]
AUT: 100,000[b][31]

80 million[339]

George Michael
United Kingdom
1981–2016[340]
1984[340]
Pop[340]
7001457000000000000♠

Total available certified units: 45.7 million [show]

US: 19.8 million[11]
JPN: 300,000[b][12]
UK: 12.850 million[13]
GER: 2.4 million[14]
FRA: 3.217 million[15][16][52]
CAN: 1.770 million[17]
AUS: 2.205 million[b][18][19]
BRA: 350,000[b][21]
SWE: 310,000[b][22]
SPA: 850,000[23][24][39][40][57]
SWI: 335,000[b][25]
BEL: 215,000[b][26][27]
ARG: 110,000[b][28]
DEN: 380,000[58][60][68][341]
AUT: 140,000[b][31]
POL: 340,000[b][32]
NZ: 140,000[33][34]

80 million[342]

Reba McEntire
United States
1975–present[343]
1987[343]
Country / Country Pop[343]
7001427000000000000♠

Total available certified units: 42.7 million [show]

US: 41.9 million[11]
CAN: 850,000[17]

80 million[344]

Meat Loaf
United States
1968–present[345]
1977[345]
Rock / Hard rock[345]
7001415000000000000♠

Total available certified units: 41.5 million [show]

US: 23.6 million[11]
UK: 9.665 million[13]
GER: 2.350 million[14]
CAN: 3.260 million[17]
AUS: 2.382 million[b][18][19]
SWE: 100,000[b][22]
SWI: 115,000[b][25]
AUT: 100,000[b][31]

80 million[346]

Barry Manilow
United States
1973–present[347]
1973[347]
Pop / Soft rock[347]
7001365000000000000♠

Total available certified units: 36.5 million [show]

US: 33.3 million[11]
UK: 2.825 million[13]
CAN: 400,000[b][17]

80 million[348]

Tom Petty
United States
1976–present[349]
1977[349]
Rock[349]
7001346000000000000♠

Total available certified units: 34.6 million [show]

US: 31.250 million[11]
UK: 1 million[13]
GER: 500,000[14]
CAN: 1.7 million[17]
SWE: 200,000[b][22]

80 million[350]

Johnny Hallyday
France
1957–present[351]
1960[351]
Rock / Pop[351]
7001247000000000000♠

Total available certified units: 24.7 million [show]

FRA: 24.035 million[b][15][16][52][82][352]
SWI: 268,000[b][25]
BEL: 430,000[b][26][27]

80 million[353]

text: 75 million to 79 million records

text:
Journey

The Black Eyed Peas

Kenny G

Tupac Shakur

Usher

Robbie Williams

Enya

text:
Artist
Country / Market
Period active
Release-year of first charted record
Genre
Total certified units
(from available markets)[b]
Claimed sales

The Black Eyed Peas
United States
1995–present[354]
1998[354]
Hip-hop / R&B / Dance[354]
7001556000000000000♠

Total available certified units: 55.6 million [show]

US: 29.4 million[11]
JPN: 1.250 million[12][51]
UK: 10.8 million[13]
GER: 2.250 million[14]
FRA: 2.650 million[16]
CAN: 2.7 million[17]
AUS: 3.270 million[18]
ITA: 365,000[b][20]
BRA: 255,000[21]
SWE: 300,000[22][56]
SPA: 460,000[b][23]
MEX: 390,000[b][41]
SWI: 460,000[25]
BEL: 460,000[27]
DEN: 161,000[b][60][68][100][355][355][356]
IRE: 135,000[b][101]
NZ: 340,000[33][34]

76 million[357]

Journey
United States
1973–present[358]
1975[358]
Rock / Soft rock[358]
7001620000000000000♠

Total available certified units: 62 million [show]

US: 59.7 million[11]
JPN: 300,000[b][12][359]
UK: 1.360 million[13]
CAN: 725,000[17]

75 million[360]

Kenny G
United States
1982–present[361]
1984[361]
Smooth jazz[361]
7001519000000000000♠

Total available certified units: 51.9 million [show]

US: 48.1 million[11]
JPN: 700,000[b][12]
UK: 360,000[13]
CAN: 950,000[17]
BRA: 1.350 million[b][21]
SPA: 450,000[24][40]

75 million[362]

Tupac Shakur
United States
1991–1996[363]
1991[363]
Hip hop[363]
7001509000000000000♠

Total available certified units: 50.9 million [show]

US: 46.2 million[11]
UK: 3.015 million[13]
GER: 500,000[14]
CAN: 820,000[17]
AUS: 395,000[18]

75 million[364]

Usher
United States
1991–present[365]
1994[365]
R&B / Pop[365]
7001509000000000000♠

Total available certified units: 50.9 million [show]

US: 37.435 million[11]
JPN: 750,000 [12][51]
UK: 7.925 million[13]
GER: 850,000[14]
FRA: 210,000[16]
CAN: 1.190 million[17]
AUS: 2.112 million[18]
SWE: 105,000[22][56]
SWI: 170,000[25]
DEN: 117,500[b][60][59]
NZ: 150,000[33]

75 million[366]

Robbie Williams
United Kingdom
1990–present[367]
1996[367]
Pop rock[367]
7001503000000000000♠

Total available certified units: 50.3 million [show]

US: 500,000[11]
UK: 27.350 million[13]
GER: 9.475 million[14]
FRA: 2.695 million[16][52]
CAN: 250,000[17]
AUS: 2.905 million[18]
ITA: 360,000[b][20]
SWE: 445,000[22][56]
SPA: 440,000[b][23][57]
MEX: 1.595 million[b][41]
SWI: 983,000[25]
BEL: 600,000[26][27]
DEN: 631,500[b][58][59][60][68][76]
AUT: 917,500[31]
POL: 140,000[32]
ARG: 270,000[28]
FIN: 235,743[46]
IRE: 135,000[b][101]
NZ: 445,000[33]

75 million[368]

Enya
Ireland
1982–present[369]
1987[369]
New-age / Celtic[369]
7001500000000000000♠

Total available certified units: 50 million [show]

US: 26.5 million[11]
JPN: 4.6 million[b][12]
UK: 5.250 million[13]
GER: 4.2 million[14]
FRA: 775,000[15][16]
CAN: 1.540 million[17]
AUS: 1.505[b][18][19]
BRA: 1.650 million[b][21]
SWE: 390,000[22]
SPA: 1.760 million[23][40]
MEX: 125,000[b][41]
SWI: 370,000[b][25]
BEL: 460,000[b][27]
ARG: 390,000[28]
DEN: 100,000[b][29][370][371][372]
AUT: 185,000[b][31]
POL: 120,000[b][32]
NZ: 135,000[33]

75 million[373]

Alabama
United States
1972–present[374]
1980[374]
Country / Pop rock[374]
7001480000000000000♠

Total available certified units: 48 million [show]

US: 46.8 million[11]
CAN: 1.2 million[17]

75 million[375]

Nirvana
United States
1987–1994[376]
1989[376]
Grunge / Alternative rock[376]
7001455000000000000♠

Total available certified units: 45.5 million [show]

US: 26.5 million[11]
JPN: 1.3 million[b][12]
UK: 5.570 million[13]
GER: 1.250 million[14]
FRA: 2.5 million[15][16]
CAN: 2.970 million[17]
AUS: 1.257[b][18][202][377]
ITA: 375,000[b][20]
BRA: 725,000[b][21]
SWE: 380,000[22]
SPA: 450,000[23][24][40]
MEX: 475,000[b][41]
SWI: 190,000[25]
BEL: 350,000[b][26][27]
ARG: 490,000[28]
AUT: 230,000[b][31]
POL: 300,000[b][32]
NZ: 215,000[33][34]

75 million[378]

The Police
United Kingdom
1977–1986
2007–2008[379]
1978[379]
Pop / Rock[379]
7001388009999900000♠

Total available certified units: 38.8 million [show]

US: 23.150 million[11]
JPN: 100,000[b][12]
UK: 8.160 million[13]
GER: 1.775 million[14]
FRA: 3.340 million[15][16][52]
CAN: 875,000[17]
AUS: 407,500[b][18]
ITA: 100,000[b][20]
BRA: 140,000[b][21]
SPA: 300,000[b][24][39]
MEX: 100,000[b][41]
BEL: 115,000[b][380][381][382]
ARG: 252,000[b][28]

75 million[383]

Bob Marley
Jamaica
1962–1981[384]
1975[384]
Reggae[384]
7001385000000000000♠

Total available certified units: 38.5 million [show]

US: 21.850 million[11]
JPN: 200,000[b][12]
UK: 7.175 million[13]
GER: 1.750 million[14]
FRA: 4.735 million[16]
CAN: 600,000[17]
AUS: 350,000[385][386]
ITA: 225,000[b][20]
SWE: 120,000[b][22]
SPA: 450,000[b][24][39][40][57]
SWI: 303,000[b][25]
ARG: 240,000[b][28]
AUT: 125,000[b][31]
NZ: 427,500[b][33][34]

75 million[387]

Kiss
United States
1972–present[388]
1974[388]
Hard rock / Heavy metal[388]
7001278000000000000♠

Total available certified units: 27.8 million [show]

US: 26 million[11]
CAN: 1.495 million[b][17]
UK: 100,000[13]
AUS: 130,000[b][18]
ARG: 112,000[b][28]

75 million[389]

Aretha Franklin
United States
1956–present[390]
1961[390]
Soul / Jazz / Blues / R&B[390]
7001247000000000000♠

Total available certified units: 24.7 million [show]

US: 23.5 million[11]
UK: 840,000[b][13]
FRA: 275,000[b][15][16]
CAN: 150,000[b][17]

75 million[391]


document_title: The Mind and the Matter

question_text: twilight zone the mind and the matter cast

text: The Mind and the Matter

text: Opening narration[edit]

text:
“
"A brief if frenetic introduction to Mr. Archibald Beechcroft. A child of the 20th century, a product of the population explosion, and one of the inheritors of the legacy of progress. Mr. Beechcroft again, this time Act Two of his daily battle for survival, and in just a moment our hero will begin his personal one-man rebellion against the mechanics of his age, and to do so he will enlist certain aides available only in the Twilight Zone."
”

text: Plot[edit]

text: Mr. Archibald Beechcroft, who has had an insufferable time getting to work, becomes annoyed when an errand boy named Henry spills coffee all over his suit. Taking some aspirin in the bathroom, he encounters his boss, Mr. Rogers, who advises him that he needs to keep fit to avoid headaches. Annoyed, Beechcroft says he's fed up with the crowded conditions at the office and wants to eliminate all the people of the world.

text: Later Henry, still feeling guilty about spilling the coffee, saves Beechcroft a seat in the cafeteria. He also presents Beechcroft a book titled The Mind and the Matter, which deals with the ultimate in concentration. The book intrigues Beechcroft as he starts to leaf through it in the cafeteria, and he continues to read it on the subway ride home. In his apartment, he reads the last page, and then concludes that the authors are indeed correct that concentration is the greatest power in the universe. It then occurs to him that he can use concentration to realize his dream of eliminating people. He tests his theory out on his landlady, whom he successfully makes disappear.

text: The next day, Beechcroft concentrates while in the subway and all the other commuters disappear. Beechcroft walks into the office to find it totally empty. Though he takes satisfaction in his newfound peace and quiet, he soon grows extremely bored with being the last person in existence. After trying out diversions such as an earthquake or electrical storm, Beechcroft goes home for the night. To overcome his loss of purpose, Beechcroft comes up with the idea of repopulating the world in his image. This proves to be an even bigger mistake, since everybody else ends up being as anti-social, rude and cranky as Beechcroft. The people even look and sound like him.

text: Beechcroft returns the world to the way it used to be, now convinced that, for all its nuisances, it is the best of all possible worlds. Henry spills coffee on Beechcroft again, then asks him if he enjoyed reading The Mind and the Matter. Beechcroft pretends to dismiss the book as "totally unbelievable."

text: Closing narration[edit]

text:
“
"Mr. Archibald Beechcroft, a child of the twentieth century, who has found out through trial and error – and mostly error – that with all its faults, it may well be that this is the best of all possible worlds. People notwithstanding, it has much to offer. Tonight's case in point – in the Twilight Zone."
”

text: Cast[edit]

text:
Shelley Berman as Archibald Beechcroft
Jack Grinnage as Henry
Chet Stratton as Mr. Rogers
Robert McCord as Elevator Operator
Jeane Wood as Landlady


document_title: Star formation

question_text: a glowing cloud of hot interstellar gas inside of which stars are being formed is called a(n)

question_tokens: a glowing cloud of hot interstellar gas inside of which stars are being formed is called a ( n )

text: Star formation

text: Stellar nurseries[edit]

text: Interstellar clouds[edit]

text: A spiral galaxy like the Milky Way contains stars, stellar remnants, and a diffuse interstellar medium (ISM) of gas and dust. The interstellar medium consists of 10−4 to 106 particles per cm3 and is typically composed of roughly 70% hydrogen by mass, with most of the remaining gas consisting of helium. This medium has been chemically enriched by trace amounts of heavier elements that were ejected from stars as they passed beyond the end of their main sequence lifetime. Higher density regions of the interstellar medium form clouds, or diffuse nebulae,[2] where star formation takes place.[3] In contrast to spirals, an elliptical galaxy loses the cold component of its interstellar medium within roughly a billion years, which hinders the galaxy from forming diffuse nebulae except through mergers with other galaxies.[4]

text: In the dense nebulae where stars are produced, much of the hydrogen is in the molecular (H2) form, so these nebulae are called molecular clouds.[3] Observations indicate that the coldest clouds tend to form low-mass stars, observed first in the infrared inside the clouds, then in visible light at their surface when the clouds dissipate, while giant molecular clouds, which are generally warmer, produce stars of all masses.[5] These giant molecular clouds have typical densities of 100 particles per cm3, diameters of 100 light-years (9.5×1014 km), masses of up to 6 million solar masses (M☉),[6] and an average interior temperature of 10 K. About half the total mass of the galactic ISM is found in molecular clouds[7] and in the Milky Way there are an estimated 6,000 molecular clouds, each with more than 100,000 M☉.[8] The nearest nebula to the Sun where massive stars are being formed is the Orion nebula, 1,300 ly (1.2×1016 km) away.[9] However, lower mass star formation is occurring about 400–450 light years distant in the ρ Ophiuchi cloud complex.[10]

text: A more compact site of star formation is the opaque clouds of dense gas and dust known as Bok globules; so named after the astronomer Bart Bok. These can form in association with collapsing molecular clouds or possibly independently.[11] The Bok globules are typically up to a light year across and contain a few solar masses.[12] They can be observed as dark clouds silhouetted against bright emission nebulae or background stars. Over half the known Bok globules have been found to contain newly forming stars.[13]

text: Cloud collapse[edit]

text: An interstellar cloud of gas will remain in hydrostatic equilibrium as long as the kinetic energy of the gas pressure is in balance with the potential energy of the internal gravitational force. Mathematically this is expressed using the virial theorem, which states that, to maintain equilibrium, the gravitational potential energy must equal twice the internal thermal energy.[15] If a cloud is massive enough that the gas pressure is insufficient to support it, the cloud will undergo gravitational collapse. The mass above which a cloud will undergo such collapse is called the Jeans mass. The Jeans mass depends on the temperature and density of the cloud, but is typically thousands to tens of thousands of solar masses.[3] This coincides with the typical mass of an open cluster of stars, which is the end product of a collapsing cloud.[16]

text: In triggered star formation, one of several events might occur to compress a molecular cloud and initiate its gravitational collapse. Molecular clouds may collide with each other, or a nearby supernova explosion can be a trigger, sending shocked matter into the cloud at very high speeds.[3] Alternatively, galactic collisions can trigger massive starbursts of star formation as the gas clouds in each galaxy are compressed and agitated by tidal forces.[18] The latter mechanism may be responsible for the formation of globular clusters.[19]

text: A supermassive black hole at the core of a galaxy may serve to regulate the rate of star formation in a galactic nucleus. A black hole that is accreting infalling matter can become active, emitting a strong wind through a collimated relativistic jet. This can limit further star formation. Massive black holes ejecting radio-frequency-emitting particles at near-light speed can also block the formation of new stars in aging galaxies.[20] However, the radio emissions around the jets may also trigger star formation. Likewise, a weaker jet may trigger star formation when it collides with a cloud.[21]

text: As it collapses, a molecular cloud breaks into smaller and smaller pieces in a hierarchical manner, until the fragments reach stellar mass. In each of these fragments, the collapsing gas radiates away the energy gained by the release of gravitational potential energy. As the density increases, the fragments become opaque and are thus less efficient at radiating away their energy. This raises the temperature of the cloud and inhibits further fragmentation. The fragments now condense into rotating spheres of gas that serve as stellar embryos.[23]

text: Complicating this picture of a collapsing cloud are the effects of turbulence, macroscopic flows, rotation, magnetic fields and the cloud geometry. Both rotation and magnetic fields can hinder the collapse of a cloud.[24][25] Turbulence is instrumental in causing fragmentation of the cloud, and on the smallest scales it promotes collapse.[26]

text: Protostar[edit]

text: A protostellar cloud will continue to collapse as long as the gravitational binding energy can be eliminated. This excess energy is primarily lost through radiation. However, the collapsing cloud will eventually become opaque to its own radiation, and the energy must be removed through some other means. The dust within the cloud becomes heated to temperatures of 60–100 K, and these particles radiate at wavelengths in the far infrared where the cloud is transparent. Thus the dust mediates the further collapse of the cloud.[27]

text: During the collapse, the density of the cloud increases towards the center and thus the middle region becomes optically opaque first. This occurs when the density is about 10−13 g / cm3. A core region, called the First Hydrostatic Core, forms where the collapse is essentially halted. It continues to increase in temperature as determined by the virial theorem. The gas falling toward this opaque region collides with it and creates shock waves that further heat the core.[28]

text: When the core temperature reaches about 2000 K, the thermal energy dissociates the H2 molecules.[28] This is followed by the ionization of the hydrogen and helium atoms. These processes absorb the energy of the contraction, allowing it to continue on timescales comparable to the period of collapse at free fall velocities.[29] After the density of infalling material has reached about 10−8 g / cm3, that material is sufficiently transparent to allow energy radiated by the protostar to escape. The combination of convection within the protostar and radiation from its exterior allow the star to contract further.[28] This continues until the gas is hot enough for the internal pressure to support the protostar against further gravitational collapse—a state called hydrostatic equilibrium. When this accretion phase is nearly complete, the resulting object is known as a protostar.[3]

text: Accretion of material onto the protostar continues partially from the newly formed circumstellar disc. When the density and temperature are high enough, deuterium fusion begins, and the outward pressure of the resultant radiation slows (but does not stop) the collapse. Material comprising the cloud continues to "rain" onto the protostar. In this stage bipolar jets are produced called Herbig-Haro objects. This is probably the means by which excess angular momentum of the infalling material is expelled, allowing the star to continue to form.

text: When the surrounding gas and dust envelope disperses and accretion process stops, the star is considered a pre–main sequence star (PMS star). The energy source of these objects is gravitational contraction, as opposed to hydrogen burning in main sequence stars. The PMS star follows a Hayashi track on the Hertzsprung–Russell (H–R) diagram.[30] The contraction will proceed until the Hayashi limit is reached, and thereafter contraction will continue on a Kelvin–Helmholtz timescale with the temperature remaining stable. Stars with less than 0.5 M☉ thereafter join the main sequence. For more massive PMS stars, at the end of the Hayashi track they will slowly collapse in near hydrostatic equilibrium, following the Henyey track.[31]

text: Finally, hydrogen begins to fuse in the core of the star, and the rest of the enveloping material is cleared away. This ends the protostellar phase and begins the star's main sequence phase on the H–R diagram.

text: The stages of the process are well defined in stars with masses around 1 M☉ or less. In high mass stars, the length of the star formation process is comparable to the other timescales of their evolution, much shorter, and the process is not so well defined. The later evolution of stars are studied in stellar evolution.

text:
Protostar

Protostar outburst - HOPS 383 (2015).

text: Observations[edit]

text: Key elements of star formation are only available by observing in wavelengths other than the optical. The protostellar stage of stellar existence is almost invariably hidden away deep inside dense clouds of gas and dust left over from the GMC. Often, these star-forming cocoons known as Bok globules, can be seen in silhouette against bright emission from surrounding gas.[32] Early stages of a star's life can be seen in infrared light, which penetrates the dust more easily than visible light.[33] Observations from the Wide-field Infrared Survey Explorer (WISE) have thus been especially important for unveiling numerous Galactic protostars and their parent star clusters.[34][35] Examples of such embedded star clusters are FSR 1184, FSR 1190, Camargo 14, Camargo 74, Majaess 64, and Majaess 98.[36]

text: The structure of the molecular cloud and the effects of the protostar can be observed in near-IR extinction maps (where the number of stars are counted per unit area and compared to a nearby zero extinction area of sky), continuum dust emission and rotational transitions of CO and other molecules; these last two are observed in the millimeter and submillimeter range. The radiation from the protostar and early star has to be observed in infrared astronomy wavelengths, as the extinction caused by the rest of the cloud in which the star is forming is usually too big to allow us to observe it in the visual part of the spectrum. This presents considerable difficulties as the Earth's atmosphere is almost entirely opaque from 20μm to 850μm, with narrow windows at 200μm and 450μm. Even outside this range, atmospheric subtraction techniques must be used.

text: X-ray observations have proven useful for studying young stars, since X-ray emission from these objects is 100–100,000 times stronger than X-ray emission from main-sequence stars.[38] The earliest detections of X-rays from T Tauri stars were made by the Einstein X-ray Observatory.[39][40] For low-mass stars X-rays are generated by the heating of the stellar corona through magnetic reconnection, while for high-mass O and early B-type stars X-rays are generated through supersonic shocks in the stellar winds. Photons in the soft X-ray energy range covered by the Chandra X-ray Observatory and XMM Newton may penetrate the interstellar medium with only moderate absorption due to gas, making the X-ray a useful wavelength for seeing the stellar populations within molecular clouds. X-ray emission as evidence of stellar youth makes this band particularly useful for performing censuses of stars in star-forming regions, given that not all young stars have infrared excesses.[41] X-ray observations have provided near-complete censuses of all stellar-mass objects in the Orion Nebula Cluster and Taurus Molecular Cloud.[42][43]

text: The formation of individual stars can only be directly observed in the Milky Way Galaxy, but in distant galaxies star formation has been detected through its unique spectral signature.

text: Initial research indicates star-forming clumps start as giant, dense areas in turbulent gas-rich matter in young galaxies, live about 500 million years, and may migrate to the center of a galaxy, creating the central bulge of a galaxy.[44]

text: On February 21, 2014, NASA announced a greatly upgraded database for tracking polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in the universe. According to scientists, more than 20% of the carbon in the universe may be associated with PAHs, possible starting materials for the formation of life. PAHs seem to have been formed shortly after the Big Bang, are widespread throughout the universe, and are associated with new stars and exoplanets.[45]

text: Notable pathfinder objects[edit]

text:
MWC 349 was first discovered in 1978, and is estimated to be only 1,000 years old.
VLA 1623 – The first exemplar Class 0 protostar, a type of embedded protostar that has yet to accrete the majority of its mass. Found in 1993, is possibly younger than 10,000 years [1].
L1014 – An incredibly faint embedded object representative of a new class of sources that are only now being detected with the newest telescopes. Their status is still undetermined, they could be the youngest low-mass Class 0 protostars yet seen or even very low-mass evolved objects (like a brown dwarf or even an interstellar planet). [2]
IRS 8* – The youngest known main sequence star in the Galactic Center region, discovered in August 2006. It is estimated to be 3.5 million years old [3].

text: Low mass and high mass star formation[edit]

text: Stars of different masses are thought to form by slightly different mechanisms. The theory of low-mass star formation, which is well-supported by a plethora of observations, suggests that low-mass stars form by the gravitational collapse of rotating density enhancements within molecular clouds. As described above, the collapse of a rotating cloud of gas and dust leads to the formation of an accretion disk through which matter is channeled onto a central protostar. For stars with masses higher than about 8 M☉, however, the mechanism of star formation is not well understood.

text: Massive stars emit copious quantities of radiation which pushes against infalling material. In the past, it was thought that this radiation pressure might be substantial enough to halt accretion onto the massive protostar and prevent the formation of stars with masses more than a few tens of solar masses.[48] Recent theoretical work has shown that the production of a jet and outflow clears a cavity through which much of the radiation from a massive protostar can escape without hindering accretion through the disk and onto the protostar.[49][50] Present thinking is that massive stars may therefore be able to form by a mechanism similar to that by which low mass stars form.

text: There is mounting evidence that at least some massive protostars are indeed surrounded by accretion disks. Several other theories of massive star formation remain to be tested observationally. Of these, perhaps the most prominent is the theory of competitive accretion, which suggests that massive protostars are "seeded" by low-mass protostars which compete with other protostars to draw in matter from the entire parent molecular cloud, instead of simply from a small local region.[51][52]

text: Another theory of massive star formation suggests that massive stars may form by the coalescence of two or more stars of lower mass.[53]


document_title: Diary of a Wimpy Kid: The Long Haul (film)

question_text: when does the new diary of a wimpy kid movie come out on dvd

text: Plot

text: 5 years after the previous film, while at the Corny's family restaurant, the Heffley family plans to attend Meemaw's 90th birthday. However, after Greg rescues Manny, who got stuck inside a tube in the play area, Greg ends up in a ball pit with a diaper stuck on his hand. He subsequently becomes infamous after the people around him record him and post the footage on the internet, leading Greg to be dubbed as 'Diaper Hands.'

text: Later, at the Heffley residence, Greg learns that Player Expo is taking place not very far from Meemaw's house in Indianapolis. Greg's gaming star, Mac Digby, will be attending, and Greg hopes to meet him and get in one of his videos so people will forget about his meme-age as Diaper Hands. He acknowledges that he will have to somehow sneak off from the road trip and attend the Expo without his parents' knowledge, however. The Heffley family hits the road, where Greg, Rodrick, Frank, and Manny's devices are immediately confiscated by Susan, who wants the road trip to be absolutely technology-free.

text: After arriving at a motel, Rodrick accidentally locks a pizza, which is for dinner, inside a mini-safe, mistaking it for a microwave. Discouraged, Greg and Rodrick are allowed to get in the hot tub, after another family (which Greg nicknames the Beardo family) have finished using it. But before that, Greg gets into the car and takes his phone out of the bag Susan had put it in and plans to use it discreetly. Later, when Greg and Rodrick are relaxing in the hot tub, Rodrick hears a notification from Greg's phone and discovers his plans to go to Player Expo. Greg discourages Rodrick from telling Susan, saying that they had a rock band video game tournament there that Rodrick could participate in. Liking the idea, Rodrick opts to go with Greg to the Expo.

text: Going to sleep, Greg is annoyed by a loud bang noise created by the Beardo siblings, who playfully crash a trolley into a wall, and storms out of the room. He confronts them but Brandi, the eldest sibling, crashes the trolley into their car, leaving a huge scratch. Just as Mr. Beardo comes out of his motel room, Brandi blames Greg responsible and Mr. Beardo goes after him but he manages to outrun him. Greg returns to his room, but the next morning, he actually slept next to Mr. Beardo, who chases him again, but he manages to escape from the motel with his family.

text: The Heffleys attend a county fair where Manny wins a pig, but Mr. Beardo and his family notices them and begins chasing after Greg but manages to outrun again. Back at the road, the Heffleys, unable to take care of the pig, drop it off at the petting zoo, much to Manny's dismay, but not before Greg reroutes the GPS to the Player Expo convention. Checking at the hotel room, Greg and Rodrick sneak out to go to Player Expo using the excuse that they are going to get a present for Meemaw. However, after Frank and Susan sees their children on live TV, they go to get the boys themselves.

text: Greg finally sees Mac Digby participating in a video game competition. Desperate to be in one of his videos, Greg instructs Rodrick to record him going up on stage with Mac so his popularity will boost. But the attempt fails when Susan storms into the stage and inadvertently reveals that he is Diaper Hands to the public, causing them to chant him. Susan opens up to Greg and says that all she wanted was a nice road trip that would bring the family closer together, and she accuses Greg of not caring. Greg snaps back at Susan, saying that she doesn't care about what he wants, which is why he had to sneak out to the Expo in the first place. Hurt by her son's words, Susan hands her phone to Greg because she doesn't care anymore.

text: On the road again, the tarp on the boat that had been carrying the majority of their belongings, hitched to the car, flies off all across the road. The Heffleys recover their belongings when the Beardo van pulls up and begins stealing suitcases and clothes. They quickly pursue them into the motel room, where the Beardos occupied, and successfully retrieve their belongings.

text: After encountering some trouble, the Heffleys celebrate happily at Meemaw's and get their car fixed, but the radiator breaks due to the AC not being cranked up all the way. A Spanish-speaking man who works for a towing company pulls over to assist them, but none of the Heffleys can understand him, except Manny, who speaks in fluent Spanish to the man and explains their current situation. It's implied that he learned this skill from a CD Susan put in during the road trip, which was a guide to learning Spanish.

text: The man, Mr. Luis, tows their car, but Manny gives him instructions to the petting zoo where his pig is, and the two reunite. At the end, Greg explains that although the road trip wasn't perfect, he still wouldn't change a thing. He says that Manny was allowed to keep his pig as a pet, Rodrick was able to get a new van, and Dad was able to explain having time off from work to bond with family. Greg expresses excitement for where they'll be going next year, but Susan steps in to say they will be flying.

text: In a mid-credits scene, two girls take selfies with Greg, who they recognize as Diaper Hands.

text: Cast

text:
Jason Drucker as Gregory "Greg" Heffley
Alicia Silverstone as Susan Heffley, Greg's mother
Tom Everett Scott as Frank Heffley, Greg's father
Charlie Wright as Rodrick Heffley, Greg's older brother
Owen Asztalos as Rowley Jefferson, Greg's best friend
Wyatt and Dylan Walters as Manny Heffley, Greg's little brother[5]
Joshua Hoover as Mac Digby, a popular internet gamer who Greg idolizes
Chris Coppola as Mr. Beardo, the main antagonist of the film
Kimberli Lincoln as Mrs. Beardo, Mr. Beardo's wife
Mira Silverman as Brandi Beardo, Mr. Beardo's rude and spoiled daughter who blames Greg for damaging their car
Mimi Gould as Meemaw, Susan's grandmother and Greg's great-grandmother

text: Production

text: Development

text: In 2012, the series' third entry, Diary of a Wimpy Kid: Dog Days was described as the last live action film in the franchise.[6][7] In August 2012, while doing press for the film, author Jeff Kinney and actors Zachary Gordon and Robert Capron each indicated that there were no plans for a fourth movie, but did not dismiss the possibility entirely.[6][7][8]

text: Kinney replied to inquiries regarding the possibility of another sequel, stating, "At present, we don’t have a fourth film in development, but you never know!"[8] When describing the likelihood of starring in another film in the series, Gordon explained, "Dog Days most likely will be the last movie. The main problem is [the cast] is getting older. You can't stop it. There's no way to temporarily stop us from changing and growing up. You know, that's the problem because the characters are supposed to be timeless."[6]

text: In March 2013, Gordon stated in a Spreecast live stream that there would not be a fourth live action film. Previously, Kinney had indicated that instead of making a live action film of the 3rd novel, Diary of a Wimpy Kid: The Last Straw, instead he would like to see Diary of a Wimpy Kid: Cabin Fever adapted into an animated film, stating in an interview, "I hope that it gets made into an animated movie. but I'd really like to see it turn into an animated television special."

text: Pre-production

text: On July 29, 2016, it was announced that a fourth live-action Diary of a Wimpy Kid film was in production, and will have a completely different cast, as many of the members from the original cast were too old and have outgrown from their roles.[citation needed] Jason Drucker and Owen Asztalos portray Greg and Rowley, with David Bowers returning as the director. Alicia Silverstone and Tom Everett Scott portray Greg's parents, Susan and Frank, and Charlie Wright portrays Greg's older brother Rodrick.[4]

text: Filming

text: Filming of The Long Haul began on September 20, 2016, in Atlanta, and concluded on November 18, 2016.

text: Cultural references

text: The film somewhat acts as a parody film, referencing two films directed by Alfred Hitchcock. The film in one scene parodies the film The Birds, where the Heffley family getting mauled by seagulls. The film also parodies the film Psycho in the third act, where Greg Heffley is caught by Mr. Beardo in the shower, which Greg is stuck in, which Mr. Beardo nearly catches him, and wet mud goes down the drain. Additionally, Diary of a Wimpy Kid: The Long Haul also referenced a scene of the film Are We There Yet?.

text: Release

text: The film was released on May 17, 2017, in the Philippines, May 19, 2017, in the United States, and May 20, 2017, in the United Kingdom.[4]

text: Trailer reactions

text: On February 23, 2017, a theatrical poster and teaser trailer were released, and the following month, the official trailer was released. Both trailers received negative feedback from fans for its recasting of the main characters, most notably Charlie Wright as Rodrick. To further express their outrage, the fans took to social media and started the hashtag "#NotMyRodrick" (a parody of the "#NotMyPresident" trend that followed the election of U.S. president Donald Trump), which has spawned countless online memes. Other hashtags included "#NotMyHeffleys" and "#NotMyRowley".[9]

text: Both trailers received significant backlash from audiences, and the official trailer received over 43 thousand dislikes, compared to only 8 thousand likes.[10]

text: Box office

text: As of August 12, 2017[update], Diary of a Wimpy Kid: The Long Haul had grossed $20.7 million in the United States and Canada and $17.5 million in other countries for a worldwide total of $38.2 million, against a production budget of $22 million thus making the film the lowest grossing film of the Diary of a Wimpy Kid series.[2]

text: In North America, the film was released alongside Everything, Everything and Alien: Covenant, and was initially projected to gross around $12 million from 3,129 theaters during its opening weekend.[3] However, after grossing $2 million on its first day, projections were lowered to $7 million. It ended up finishing with $7.1 million, placing 6th at the box office and marking the lowest opening of the franchise.[11]

text: Critical response

text: Diary of a Wimpy Kid: The Long Haul has received mostly negative reviews. On review aggregator website Rotten Tomatoes, the film has an approval rating of 20% based on 65 reviews and an average rating of 4.2/10. The site's critical consensus reads, "With an all-new cast but the same juvenile humor, Diary of a Wimpy Kid: The Long Haul finds the franchise still stuck in arrested – and largely unfunny – development."[12] On Metacritic, the film has a score of 39 out of 100 based on 16 critics, indicating "generally unfavorable reviews".[13] Audiences polled by CinemaScore gave the film an average grade of "B" on an A+ to F scale.[14]

text: Home media

text: Diary of a Wimpy Kid: The Long Haul was released on Digital HD from Amazon Video and iTunes on August 1, 2017, and on Blu-ray and DVD on August 8, 2017.[15][16]


document_title: Nitrogenous base

question_text: cytosine is an example of a nitrogen base found on what acids

text: Nitrogenous base

text: A nitrogenous base, or nitrogen-containing base, is an organic molecule with a nitrogen atom that has the chemical properties of a base. The main biological function of a nitrogenous base is to bond nucleic acids together. A nitrogenous base owes its basic properties to the lone pair of electrons of a nitrogen atom.

text: Nitrogenous bases are typically classified as the derivatives of two parent compounds, pyrimidine and purine.[1] They are non-polar and due to their aromaticity, planar. Both pyrimidines and purines resemble pyridine and are thus weak bases and relatively unreactive towards electrophilic aromatic substitution.[2]

text: Role in nucleic acids[edit]

text: In the biological sciences, nitrogenous bases are increasingly termed nucleobases because of their role in nucleic acids - their flat shape is particularly important when considering their roles as the building blocks of DNA and RNA. A set of five nitrogenous bases is used in the construction of nucleotides, which in turn build up the nucleic acids like DNA and RNA. These nitrogenous bases are adenine (A), uracil (U), guanine (G), thymine (T), and cytosine (C). The nitrogenous bases form hydrogen bonds between opposing DNA strands to form the rungs of the "twisted ladder" or double helix of DNA or a biological catalyst that is found in the nucleotides. Adenine is always paired with thymine, and guanine is always paired with cytosine. These are known as base pairs. Uracil is only present in RNA, replacing thymine. Pyrimidines include thymine, cytosine, and uracil. They have a single ring structure. Purines include adenine and guanine. They have a double ring structure. [3]