document_title: Out of the Woods (song)

question_text: who directed taylor swift out of the woods

root

text: Out of the Woods (song)

text: Background and release[edit]

text: Swift premiered a 15-second clip of "Out of the Woods" on Good Morning America on October 13, 2014.[4] Swift called "Out of the Woods" one of her "favorite songs on this album because it best represents 1989."[1][5] She explained that the song is about "the fragility and breakable nature of some relationships. This was a relationship where I was kind of living day-to-day wondering where it was going, if it was going to go anywhere, if it was going to end the next day."[6] "Out of the Woods" was initially released as a promotional single on October 14, 2014,[7] with no plans for a music video or an official release.[8] On December 22, 2015, Good Morning America officially announced the release of a music video for the song to premiere during Dick Clark's New Year's Rockin' Eve.[citation needed] "Out of the Woods" also serves as the sixth official single from 1989,[9] and it was released to radio stations on February 5, 2016.[3]

tag: p

text: Arrangement[edit]

text: "Out of the Woods" is a pop[10][11] and synth-pop song.[12] The track was written by Swift and Antonoff and is the first song that Swift has written to an existing track. Antonoff sent an early version of the song without the vocals or lyrics to Swift, which she then added in just 30 minutes. Speculation as to whom the song is about is rampant.[8] The bridge section of the song references the snowmobile incident that Swift and her former boyfriend, One Direction's Harry Styles, were reported to be involved in during their relationship.[13] Max Martin produced Swift's vocals for the song.[14] It is written in the key of C Major with Swift's vocals spanning two octaves, between G3 and E5[15] and runs three minutes and fifty-five seconds (3:55), at 92 bpm.[16]

text: Featuring heavy synths and percussion, Antonoff described that the song is given an arrangement that combines both 1980s and modern elements. A Yamaha DX7 is used for the 1980s-tinged sounds apparent on most parts of the song, but they are countered with the Minimoog Voyager during the chorus sections, in which he explained, "That sounds extremely modern to me. It's that back-and-forth."[8] Antonoff also provided backing vocals. He said, "I just chopped this piece of my voice singing and started looping it over and over. Then I started banging on some drums I had in the room and stomping on the floor and sampling all these sounds to make this big bombastic looping beat with the sample on top of it."[8] In an October 2014 interview with NPR, Swift provided a detailed explanation of the lyrics:

text: That line is in there because it's not only the actual, literal narration of what happened in a particular relationship I was in, it's also a metaphor. "Hit the brakes too soon" could mean the literal sense of, we got in an accident and we had to deal with the aftermath. But also, the relationship ended sooner than it should've because there was a lot of fear involved. And that song touches on a huge sense of anxiety that was, kind of, coursing through that particular relationship, because we really felt the heat of every single person in the media thinking they could draw up the narrative of what we were going through and debate and speculate. I don't think it's ever going to be easy for me to find love and block out all those screaming voices.[17]

text: Critical reception[edit]

text: Billboard gave the song four and half stars out of five.[18] Chris Willman Writing for Yahoo called the song "Pretty weird, and pretty wonderful".[19] Katie Hasty of HitFlix gave the song an A+ writing that the song "is damned near perfect." [20] Writing for Vulture, Lindsay Zoladz stated that "Swift revealed something even more promising: the cavernous, Antonoff-produced “Out of the Woods,” which seemed to herald an exciting, unexpected, and mature new direction in Swift’s sound."[21] Sam Lansky of Time praised the track stating, "It's the furious chant of that anthemic chorus, all breathless urgency, and the left-of-center production that help Swift perform the niftiest sleight of hand: Even with lyrics that include some of her most headline-grabbing autobiographical admissions to date, the most interesting thing here isn't who it's about, but rather, how different it sounds".[22] "Out of the Woods" ranked number 94 on Pitchfork's list of The 100 Best Tracks of 2014.[23]

text: Commercial performance[edit]

text: On the Billboard Hot 100 chart the song debuted and peaked at number 18. It became Swift's 61st song to enter the Hot 100, making her the female artist to have the second most charted songs on the Hot 100, behind Aretha Franklin (73).[24] The song debuted at number one on the Hot Digital Songs chart, selling 195,000 copies and displacing Swift's "Shake It Off" from the top spot. In doing so, Swift became the first lead artist to simultaneously occupy the top two positions twice since 2012, when her songs "Ronan" and "We Are Never Ever Getting Back Together" occupied the top two positions.[25] Swift stood at rank four as the artist with the most number-one Digital Songs and tied with Rihanna for the most number-one debuts.[24] "Out of the Woods" was certified platinum by the Recording Industry Association of America (RIAA) for selling over 1,000,000 copies.[26]

text: In New Zealand, it debuted at number six, the highest debut that week.[27] In Australia, it debuted at number twenty one on the Australian Singles Chart.[28] In its first week of release, the song sold 21,000 downloads in Canada.[29] The song entered the top 10 of the Canadian Hot 100, debuting and peaking at number 8 on the week of November 1, 2014, making it the week's highest debut. It dropped off the Hot 100 a week later.[30]

text: Music video[edit]

text: The accompanying music video directed by Joseph Kahn premiered on Dick Clark's New Year's Rockin' Eve with Ryan Seacrest on ABC on December 31, 2015.[31] It marked Swift's and Kahn's fourth collaboration in 1989 following "Blank Space", "Bad Blood" and "Wildest Dreams".[32] The video was filmed on location in New Zealand in the mountains of Queenstown and on Bethells Beach.[33] During the filming, a severe storm struck, causing trees to fall around them. After evacuating, filming resumed a week later.[34]

text: The video starts with the caption "She lost him." Next, Swift is first seen on the beach barefoot and only wearing a blue dress. She runs through what appears to be enchanted woods that formed around her, chased by a pack of wolves who tear at her blue dress as she struggles to escape as some wooden roots constantly follow her. Then she finds herself in different locations representing the four basic elements of nature throughout the video like the snowy mountains, an ocean, a barren landscape, a muddy location, and a burning forest. At the end of the video, the "woods" she was crawling through disappear as she finds a beach, where another version of her is waiting by the shore as she reaches for her. The video ends with the caption "She lost him, but she found herself, and somehow that was everything.", which was part of the secret messages in her song, "Clean" in the lyric-booklet of her 1989 record.[35]

text: Sharan Shetty of Slate wrote the subject of the song, anxiety, "is literalized to an extreme degree in the song’s video".[36] Peter Sblendorio of the New York Daily News deemed it "perhaps her most stunning music video yet" and hailed the visuals as "eye-popping".[37] People also called it "an eye-popper of a video",[38] while Billboard agreed on the stunningness of the clip.[39] Writing for Spin, Harley Brown described the video as "fantastically cinematic".[40] The Huffington Post's Dominique Mosbergen called the music video "haunting".[41]As of October 2017 the video have over 121 million views on YouTube.

text: Live performances and covers[edit]

text: Swift first performed the song as part of her "1989 Secret Sessions" for IHeart Radio in New York City, the day 1989 was released in October 2014. She then performed it in New York City for Good Morning America, on October 30, 2014, when she also performed "Welcome to New York" and "Shake It Off."[42] On December 3, 2015, Swift performed the song on a piano at Australia's Hamilton Island, where radio channel Nova 96.9 hosted a small performance featuring the singer and a few of her fans.[43] She also played a piano rendition of "Out of the Woods" at The Grammy Museum, where she did an acoustic performance to celebrate her attendance record breaking exhibit, on September 30, 2015.[44] Swift also performed the song as the opening act to the 58th Annual Grammy Awards on February 15, 2016.[45] The song was also a regular part of her setlist for the 1989 World Tour and was the penultimate song sung on the show each night.

text: Ryan Adams recorded a soft rock cover of "Out of the Woods" for his album 1989. Yahoo! writer Oscar Gracey said that Adams' cover "makes us want to hike through a forest, find a clearing, and mourn the relationships that didn't quite work out."[46]

text: Credits and personnel[edit]

text:
Taylor Swift – lead vocals, writer, producer
Jack Antonoff – writer, producer, background vocals, acoustic guitar, electric guitar, keyboards, bass, drums
Max Martin – vocal production
Laura Sisk – recording
Brendan Morawski – assistant recording
Sam Holland – recording
Serban Ghenea – mixing
John Hanes – engineered for mix
Tom Coyne – mastering

tag: ul

text: Credits are adapted from liner notes of 1989.[47]

text: Charts[edit]

text:
Chart (2014–16)
Peak
position

Australia (ARIA)[28]
19

Austria (Ö3 Austria Top 40)[48]
64

Belgium (Ultratop 50 Flanders)[49]
50

Canada (Canadian Hot 100)[30]
8

Canada AC (Billboard)[50]
13

Canada CHR/Top 40 (Billboard)[51]
13

Canada Hot AC (Billboard)[52]
9

Denmark (Tracklisten)[53]
23

France (SNEP)[54]
70

Hungary (Single Top 40)[55]
37

Israel (Media Forest TV Airplay)[56]
1

New Zealand (Recorded Music NZ)[27]
6

Poland (Polish Airplay Top 100)[57]
43

Scotland (Official Charts Company)[58]
48

Spain (PROMUSICAE)[59]
22

UK Singles (Official Charts Company)[60]
136

US Billboard Hot 100[61]
18

US Adult Contemporary (Billboard)[62]
20

US Adult Top 40 (Billboard)[63]
11

US Mainstream Top 40 (Billboard)[64]
12

tag: table

text: Certifications[edit]

text:
Region
Certification
Certified units/Sales

Australia (ARIA)[65]
Gold
35,000^

Canada (Music Canada)[66]
Gold
40,000^

United States (RIAA)[26]
Platinum
1,000,000^

*sales figures based on certification alone
^shipments figures based on certification alone

text: Release history[edit]

text:
Country
Date
Format
Label

United States[a]
October 14, 2014[1][2]
Digital download
Big Machine

Italy
February 5, 2016[3]
Contemporary hit radio
Universal


document_title: The Great Gatsby (2013 film)

question_text: who plays tom buchanan in the great gatsby 2013

text: The Great Gatsby (2013 film)

text: Plot[edit]

text: In 1929, Nick Carraway, a World War I veteran, is receiving treatment for alcoholism at a psychiatric hospital. He talks about Jay Gatsby, the most hopeful man he had ever met. Nick's doctor suggests that he writes his thoughts down, since writing is Nick's passion. In the summer of 1922, Nick moves from the Midwest to New York after abandoning writing. He rents a small house in the North Shore village of West Egg, next to the mansion of Gatsby, a mysterious business magnate who often holds extravagant parties. One day, while Nick has dinner with his cousin, Daisy Buchanan, and her husband, Tom, he is introduced to Jordan Baker by Daisy, who hopes to make a match between them. When Nick returns home, he sees Gatsby standing on the dock, reaching towards the green light coming from the Buchanan dock.

text: Jordan tells Nick that Tom has a mistress who lives in the "valley of ashes", an industrial dumping site between West Egg and The City. Nick and Tom visit the valley and stop at a garage owned by George Wilson and his wife, Myrtle, Tom's mistress. Later, Nick receives an invitation to one of Gatsby's parties. Upon arrival, Nick learns he is the only one to receive an invitation and none of the guests have ever met Gatsby. Nick encounters Jordan, and both meet Gatsby. Gatsby offers Nick a ride to town for lunch. On the way, Gatsby tells Nick he is an Oxford graduate and war hero from a wealthy Midwestern family. They go to a speakeasy, where Gatsby introduces Nick to his business partner, Meyer Wolfsheim.

text: Jordan tells Nick that Gatsby had a relationship with Daisy years ago and is still in love with her, and that Gatsby threw parties in the hopes that Daisy would attend. Gatsby asks Nick to invite Daisy to tea. After an awkward reunion, Gatsby and Daisy begin an affair. Gatsby is dismayed when Daisy wants to run away with him and wants her to get a divorce. He asks Nick and Jordan to accompany him to the Buchanan home, where he and Daisy plan to tell Tom that Daisy is leaving him. During the luncheon, Tom becomes suspicious of Gatsby and Daisy, but Daisy stops Gatsby from revealing anything to Tom and suggests they all go to the Plaza Hotel. Tom drives Nick and Jordan in Gatsby's car, while Gatsby drives Daisy in Tom's car. Tom stops for gas at George's garage, where George tells him that he and Myrtle are moving and that he suspects Myrtle is unfaithful.

text: At the Plaza, Gatsby tells Tom of his affair with Daisy. Tom accuses Gatsby of having never attended Oxford and having made his fortune through bootlegging with mobsters. Daisy says she loves Gatsby but cannot bring herself to say she never loved Tom. Eventually, both Gatsby and Daisy leave. After fighting with George over her infidelity, Myrtle runs into the street and is fatally struck by Gatsby's car after mistaking it for Tom's. After learning about Myrtle's death, Tom tells George that the car belongs to Gatsby and that he suspects Gatsby was Myrtle's lover. Nick deduces Daisy was the driver, and she was the killer too. Nick overhears Daisy accepting Tom's promise to take care of everything, but he does not tell Gatsby. Gatsby admits to Nick that he was born penniless; his real name is James Gatz, and he had asked Daisy to wait for him until he had made something of himself.

text: The next day, Gatsby hears the phone ringing and thinks it is Daisy. Before he can answer it, he is shot and killed by a vengeful George, who then commits suicide. Nick is the only person other than reporters to attend Gatsby's funeral, as Daisy and Tom are leaving New York. The media paints Gatsby as Myrtle's lover and killer. Disgusted with both the city and its inhabitants, Nick leaves after taking a final walk through Gatsby's deserted mansion and reflecting on Gatsby's ability to hope. In the sanatorium, Nick finishes typing his memoir, titling it The Great Gatsby.

text: Cast[edit]

text:
Leonardo DiCaprio as Jay Gatsby, a famous billionaire who hosts wild parties at his house in the hope that Daisy will show up.
Tobey Maguire as Nick Carraway, a would-be writer who is also Gatsby’s neighbor and friend. He is the narrator of this movie.
Carey Mulligan as Daisy Buchanan, Gatsby’s former lover, Tom’s wife and Nick's cousin.
Emily Foreman as Pamela "Pammy" Buchanan
Joel Edgerton as Tom Buchanan, Upper class socialite who hates Gatsby because of his new money status and relationship with Daisy
Elizabeth Debicki as Jordan Baker, Golf athlete and Daisy's best friend
Isla Fisher as Myrtle Wilson, Tom's mistress and ambitious social climber
Jason Clarke as George Wilson, owner of garage in Valley of Ashes
Amitabh Bachchan as Meyer Wolfsheim, a gambler who met Gatsby in 1919.
Jack Thompson as Dr. Walter Perkins
Adelaide Clemens as Catherine
Callan McAuliffe as Young Jay Gatsby
Richard Carter as Herzog
Max Cullen as Owl Eyes
Heather Mitchell as Daisy's mother
Gus Murray as Teddy Barton
Steve Bisley as Dan Cody
Vince Colosimo as Michaelis
Felix Williamson as Henri
Kate Mulvany as Mrs. Mckee
Eden Falk as Chester Mckee
Nick Jantz as Robert Stellenbosh
iOTA as Trimalchio
Brendan Maclean as Ewing Klipspringer
Kahlia and Karinna Greksa as The Twins
Blake Hatton as Rowdy Boy #1

text: Production[edit]

text: Development[edit]

text: Prior to this version, there had already been an opera and numerous other dramatic adaptations of F. Scott Fitzgerald's acclaimed 1925 novel of the same name.[10] In December 2008, Variety reported that this film adaptation was to be made with Baz Luhrmann as director.

text: Luhrmann stated that he planned it to be more up-to-date due to its theme of criticizing the often irresponsible lifestyles of wealthy people.[11] To commit to the project, in September 2010 Luhrmann moved with his family from Australia to Chelsea in Lower Manhattan, where he had intended to film The Great Gatsby.[12] While Luhrmann was at the Consumer Electronics Show in January 2011, he told The Hollywood Reporter that he had been workshopping The Great Gatsby in 3D, though he had not yet decided whether to shoot in the format.[13] In late January 2011, Luhrmann showed doubt about staying on board with the project,[14] before deciding to stay.

text: In 2010, it was reported that the film was being set up by Sony Pictures Entertainment[15] but by 2011, Warner Bros. was close to acquiring a deal to finance and take worldwide distribution of The Great Gatsby.[16]

text: Casting[edit]

text: Luhrmann said the results from the movie's workshop process of auditioning actors for roles in The Great Gatsby had been "very encouraging" to him. Leonardo DiCaprio was cast first, in the title role of Jay Gatsby. It is the second time Luhrmann and DiCaprio worked together; DiCaprio costarred in Luhrmann's Romeo + Juliet (1996). Tobey Maguire was cast to play Nick Carraway.[17] Reports linked Amanda Seyfried to the lead role of Daisy Buchanan, in October 2010.[18] The next month Deadline Hollywood reported that Luhrmann had been auditioning numerous actresses, including Keira Knightley, Rebecca Hall, Amanda Seyfried, Blake Lively, Abbie Cornish, Michelle Williams and Scarlett Johansson, as well as considering Natalie Portman, for Daisy.[15] Soon afterward, with her commitment to Cameron Crowe's We Bought a Zoo (2011), Johansson pulled out.[19]

text: On November 15, Luhrmann announced that Carey Mulligan had been cast to play Daisy after reading for the part on 2 November in New York.[17] She got the role shortly after Luhrmann showed her audition footage to Sony Pictures Entertainment executives Amy Pascal and Doug Belgrad, who were impressed by the actress' command of the character.[17] Mulligan burst into tears after learning of her casting via a phone call from Luhrmann, who informed her of his decision while she was on the red carpet at an event in New York. Luhrmann said: "I was privileged to explore the character with some of the world's most talented actresses, each one bringing their own particular interpretation, all of which were legitimate and exciting. However, specific to this particular production of The Great Gatsby, I was thrilled to pick up the phone an hour ago to the young Oscar-nominated British actress Carey Mulligan and say to her: 'Hello, Daisy Buchanan.'"[17]

text: In April, Ben Affleck was in talks about playing the role of Tom Buchanan but had to pass due to a scheduling conflict with Argo (2012).[20] Several weeks later, Affleck was replaced by Joel Edgerton.[21] Bradley Cooper had previously lobbied for the part[21] and Luke Evans was a major contender.[22] Isla Fisher was cast to play Myrtle Wilson.[23] Australian newcomer Elizabeth Debicki won the part of Jordan Baker, right after graduating from Victorian College of the Arts.[24][25]

text: While casting for the supporting role of Jordan, the filmmaker said the character must be "as thoroughly examined as Daisy, for this production, for this time", adding, "It's like Olivier's Hamlet was the right Hamlet for his time. Who would Hamlet be today? Same with a Jordan or a Daisy".[26] In June 2011, Jason Clarke was cast as George B. Wilson.[27] Indian actor Amitabh Bachchan makes a cameo appearance as Meyer Wolfshiem; this was his first Hollywood role.[28]

text: Filming[edit]

text: The Great Gatsby was planned to be filmed in the New York City area where the novel is set, starting in June 2011.[12] The director instead opted to shoot principal photography in Sydney. Filming began on September 5, 2011, at Fox Studios Australia and finished on December 22, 2011, with additional shots filmed in January 2012.[30][31] The film was shot with Red Epic digital cameras and Zeiss Ultra Prime lenses.[32] The "Valley of Ashes", the desolate land located between West Egg and New York was shot in Balmain, New South Wales and Manly Business School in Manly–known as Saint Patrick's Seminary–doubled as Gatsby's mansion. Nick's house was located in Centennial Park.[29]

text: Sets[edit]

text: In creating the background scenery for the world depicted in the film, designer Catherine Martin stated that the team styled the interior sets of Jay Gatsby's mansion with gilded opulence, in a style that blended establishment taste with Art Deco.[33] The long-destroyed Beacon Towers, thought by scholars to have partially inspired Fitzgerald's Jay Gatsby estate, was used as a main inspiration for Gatsby's home in the film.[33][34] The filming for the exterior of Jay Gatsby's mansion was the college building of the International College of Management, Sydney,[35] Some inspiration was also drawn from other Gold Coast, Long Island, mansions, including Oheka Castle and La Selva Mansion.[36] Features evoking the Long Island mansions were added in post-production.[36]

text: The inspiration for the film version of the Buchanan estate came from Old Westbury Gardens.[33] The mansion exterior was built on a soundstage, with digital enhancements added.[36] The interior sets for the Buchanan mansion were inspired by the style of Hollywood Regency.[33]

text: The home of Nick Carraway was conceived as an intimate cottage, in contrast with the grandeur of the neighboring Gatsby mansion. Objects chosen adhered to a central theme of what the designers saw as classic Long Island. The architecture conjures American Arts and Crafts, with Gustav Stickley-type furnishings inside and an Adirondack-style swing out.[36]

text: The opening scene was filmed from Rivendell Child, Adolescent and Family Unit in Concord, Sydney, only a few kilometres from Sydney 2000 Olympic Stadium.

text: Costumes[edit]

text: Many apparel designers were approached in collaboration of the film's costumes. The Great Gatsby achieved the iconic 1920s look by altering pieces from the Prada and Miu Miu fashion archives. Martin also collaborated with Brooks Brothers for the costumes worn by the male cast members and extras. Tiffany & Co. provided the jewelry for the film. Catherine Martin and Miuccia Prada were behind the wardrobe and worked closely together to create pieces with "the European flair that was emerging amongst the aristocratic East Coast crowds in the 1920s".[citation needed]

text: Costume historians of the period, however, said that the costumes were not authentic, but instead modernized the 1920s-era fashions to look more like modern fashions. Most prominently, the women were clothed to emphasize their breasts, such as Daisy's push-up bra, in contrast to the flat-chested fashions of the era. While the book was set in 1922, the movie included fashions from the entire decade of the 1920s and even the 1930s. Many of the fashions from archives were concepts from runways and fashion magazines that were never worn by women in real life. Martin says that she took the styles of the 1920s and made them sexier and was trying to interpret 1920s styles for a modern audience. Alice Jurow, of the Art Deco Society of California, said that she loved the movie, but most of their members prefer more period-perfect films. The men's costumes were more authentic, except that the pants were too tight.[37]

text: Gatsby's car[edit]

text: Although Gatsby's car in the novel was a Rolls-Royce (most likely a Silver Ghost), the film's version was a Duesenberg. Both the novel and the film are clearly stated to be set in 1922, yet the Duesenberg Model J used in the film was actually first introduced in 1929.

text: Release and marketing[edit]

text: Originally scheduled for a December 25, 2012 release, on August 6, 2012, it was reported that the film was being moved to a summer 2013 release date.[38] In September 2012, this date was confirmed to be May 10, 2013. The film opened the 66th Cannes Film Festival on May 15, 2013,[39] shortly following its wide release in RealD 3D and 2D formats.[citation needed]

text: The first trailer for The Great Gatsby was released on May 22, 2012,[40] almost a year before the film's release. Songs featured in various trailers include: "No Church in the Wild" by Jay-Z and Kanye West; a cover of U2's "Love Is Blindness" performed by Jack White; a cover of The Turtles' "Happy Together" by the band Filter; a cover of Amy Winehouse's "Back to Black" performed by André 3000 and Beyoncé; "Young and Beautiful" performed by Lana Del Rey; and two songs, "Bedroom Hymns" and "Over the Love", performed by Florence and the Machine.[41]

text: On April 15, 2013, Brooks Brothers premiered "The Gatsby Collection", a line of men's clothing, shoes and accessories "inspired by the costumes designed by Catherine Martin for Baz Luhrmann's The Great Gatsby". According to Fashion Weekly, "The looks weren't simply based on 1920s style: the new duds were designed based on the brand's actual archives [...] Brooks Brothers was one of the initial arbiters of Gatsby-era look. The actual costumes, designed by Catherine Martin, will be on display in select Brooks Brothers boutiques."[42][43]

text: On April 17, 2013, Tiffany & Co. unveiled windows at its Fifth Avenue flagship store "inspired by" Luhrmann's film and created in collaboration with Luhrmann and costumer Catherine Martin. The jewelry store also premiered "The Great Gatsby Collection" line of jewelry designed in anticipation of the film. The collection comprises 7 pieces: a brooch, a headpiece (both reportedly based on archival Tiffany designs), a necklace and four different rings, including one in platinum with a 5.25-carat diamond, priced at US$875,000.[44][45][46]

text: Soundtrack[edit]

text: Released on May 7, the film's soundtrack is also available in a deluxe edition; a Target exclusive release also features three extra tracks.[41] The film score was executive-produced by Jay-Z[47] and The Bullitts.[48]

text: Penned by Lana Del Rey and the film's director, Baz Luhrmann, the song "Young and Beautiful" was released to contemporary hit radio as a single, and was used as the film's buzz single.[49] A snippet of the track appeared in the official trailer for the film and played during the scene where the characters portrayed by Leonardo DiCaprio and Carey Mulligan express their romantic feelings for one another.[50] Hip hop magazine Rap-Up called the single "haunting",[49] while MTV called it "somber-sounding".[50] The track performed by Florence and the Machine, "Over the Love", references the "green light" symbol from the novel in its lyrics.[47] Chris Payne of Billboard praised Beyoncé and André 3000's cover of "Back to Black", made unique with a downtempo EDM wobble.[47] The xx recorded "Together" for the film, with Jamie Smith telling MTV that the band's contribution to the soundtrack sounds like "despair",[51] and revealing that it utilizes a 60-piece orchestra.

text: Speaking of his goals for the movie's musical backdrop, Baz Luhrmann expressed his desire to blend the music of the Jazz Age, associated with the 1922 setting of the story, with a modern spin. Much like his modern twists applied in Moulin Rouge! and Romeo + Juliet, Baz uses the movie's music not as a background, but instead prominently in the foreground, which takes on a character of its own.[52]

text: Reception[edit]

text: Box office[edit]

text: The Great Gatsby grosses $144.8 million in North America, and $208.8 million in other countries, for a worldwide total of $353.6 million.[5] Calculating in all expenses, Deadline Hollywood estimated that the film made a profit of $58.6 million.[53]

text: In North America, The Great Gatsby earned US$19.4 million on its opening Friday, including US$3.25 million from Thursday night and midnight shows.[54] It went on to finish in second place, behind Iron Man 3, during its opening weekend, with US$51.1 million.[55] This was the sixth-largest opening weekend for a film that did not debut in first place,[56] the second largest opening weekend for a film starring Leonardo DiCaprio behind Inception,[57] and Luhrmann's highest-grossing movie.[58]

text: Critical response[edit]

text: On review aggregation website Rotten Tomatoes the film has an approval rating of 49% based on 275 reviews, with an average rating of 5.8/10. The website's critical consensus reads, "While certainly ambitious—and every bit as visually dazzling as one might expect—Baz Luhrmann's The Great Gatsby emphasizes visual splendor at the expense of its source material's vibrant heart."[59] Metacritic gives the film a score of 55 out of 100, based on reviews from 45 critics, indicating "mixed or average reviews".[60] Audiences polled by the market research firm CinemaScore gave an average grade of "B" on an A+ to F scale.[54]

text: Joe Morgenstern of The Wall Street Journal felt the elaborate production designs were a misfire and likened the film to the Roaring Twenties themselves as Fitzgerald envisioned and criticized them, stating that what is "intractably wrong with the film is that there's no reality to heighten; it's a spectacle in search of a soul."[61] The Chicago Reader review felt "Luhrmann is exactly the wrong person to adapt such a delicately rendered story, and his 3D feature plays like a ghastly Roaring 20s blowout at a sorority house."[62] In The Atlantic, Christopher Orr observed that "The problem is that when the movie is entertaining it's not Gatsby, and when it's Gatsby it's not entertaining."[63]

text: The positive reviews included A. O. Scott of The New York Times, who felt the adaptation was "a lot of fun" and "less a conventional movie adaptation than a splashy, trashy opera, a wayward, lavishly theatrical celebration of the emotional and material extravagance that Fitzgerald surveyed with fascinated ambivalence"; Scott advised "the best way to enjoy the film is to put aside whatever literary agenda you are tempted to bring with you."[64] Ty Burr of The Boston Globe reserved special praise for DiCaprio's performance, saying "magnificent is the only word to describe this performance – the best movie Gatsby by far, superhuman in his charm and connections, the host of revels beyond imagining, and at his heart an insecure fraud whose hopes are pinned to a woman."[65]

text: The Scene Magazine gave the movie a "B-" rating, and praised the actors' performances, in particular saying that "the stand-out actor is Joel Edgerton as Tom Buchanan doing an excellent job of showing the character’s gruffness, despite the one-dimensionality given to him".[66] A granddaughter of Fitzgerald praised the style and music of the film.[67]

text: Tobey Maguire's role as Nick was given mixed reviews from critics, with Philip French of The Guardian calling him "miscast or misdirected;"[68] Ann Hornaday of The Washington Post saying "Tobey Maguire is his usual recessive presence, barely registering as either a dynamic part of the events he describes or their watchful witness;"[69] and Elizabeth Weitzman of The New York Daily News saying despite "the wry-observational skills needed for Nick's Midwestern decency", the character is "directed toward a wide-eyed, one-note performance".[70] Rick Groen of The Globe and Mail was more positive of Maguire's character, saying "our narrator, [is] prone to his occasionally purple rhetoric. But that imposed conceit, the image of a talented depressive writing from inside the bauble of his imagination, seems to validate his inflated prose and, better yet, lets us re-appreciate its inherent poetry."[71]

text: Accolades[edit]

text:
Awards

Award

Date of ceremony

Category

Recipients

Result

Academy Awards[72][73]

March 2, 2014

Best Production Design

Catherine Martin (Art Direction); Beverley Dunn (Set Decoration)

Won

Best Costume Design

Catherine Martin

Won

AACTA Awards

January 30, 2014

Best Film

Baz Luhrmann, Catherine Martin, Douglas Wick, Lucy Fisher, and Catherine Knapman

Won

Best Direction

Baz Luhrmann

Won

Best Adapted Screenplay

Baz Luhrmann and Craig Pearce

Won

Best Actor in a Leading Role

Leonardo DiCaprio

Won

Best Actress in a Leading Role

Carey Mulligan

Nominated

Best Actor in a Supporting Role

Joel Edgerton

Won

Best Actress in a Supporting Role

Elizabeth Debicki

Won

Isla Fisher

Nominated

Best Cinematography

Simon Duggan

Won

Best Editing

Matt Villa, Jason Ballantine, and Jonathan Redmond

Won

Best Original Music Score

Craig Armstrong

Won

Best Sound

Wayne Pashley, Jenny Ward, Fabian Sanjurjo, Steve Maslow, Phil Heywood, and Guntis Sics

Won

Best Production Design

Catherine Martin, Karen Murphy, Ian Gracie, and Beverley Dunn

Won

Best Costume Design

Catherine Martin, Silvana Azzi Heras, and Kerry Thompson

Won

AACTA International Awards

January 10, 2014

Best Supporting Actor

Joel Edgerton

Nominated

Best Direction

Baz Luhrmann

Nominated

Art Directors Guild[74]

February 8, 2014

Excellence in Production Design – Period Film

Catherine Martin

Won

British Academy Film Awards[75]

February 16, 2014

Best Costume Design

Catherine Martin

Won

Best Make-up and Hair

Maurizio Silvi, Kerry Warn

Nominated

Best Production Design

Catherine Martin, Beverley Dunn

Won

Costume Designers Guild[76]

February 22, 2014

Excellence in Period Film

Catherine Martin

Nominated

Critics' Choice Movie Awards[77]

January 16, 2014

Best Costume Design

Catherine Martin

Won

Best Production Design

Catherine Martin, Beverley Dunn

Won

Best Song

"Young and Beautiful"- Lana Del Rey

Nominated

Gay and Lesbian Entertainment Critics Association[78]

January 21, 2014

Campy Flick of the Year

Nominated

Visually Striking Film of the Year

Nominated

Empire Awards[79]

March 30, 2014

Best Female Newcomer

Elizabeth Debicki

Nominated

Grammy Awards[80]

January 26, 2014

Best Compilation Soundtrack for Visual Media

Baz Luhrmann

Nominated

Best Song Written For Visual Media

Young and BeautifulMusic by Lana Del Rey and Rick Nowels, Lyrics by Lana Del Rey

Nominated

Best Score Soundtrack For Visual Media

Craig Armstrong

Nominated

International 3D Society's Creative Arts Awards[81]

January 28, 2014

Outstanding Live Action 3D Feature Film

Nominated

Motion Picture Sound Editors Golden Reel Awards[82][83]

February 16, 2014

Best Sound Editing: Music Score in a Feature Film

Jason Ruder

Won

Satellite Awards

February 23, 2014

Best Art Direction and Production Design

Catherine Martin (Art Direction); Beverley Dunn (Set Decoration)

Won

Best Costume Design

Catherine Martin

Nominated

Best Original Song

Young and BeautifulMusic by Lana Del Rey and Rick Nowels, Lyrics by Lana Del Rey

Won

St. Louis Gateway Film Critics Association

December 14, 2013

Best Cinematography

Simon Duggan

Nominated

Best Art Direction

Won

Best Soundtrack

Nominated

Visual Effects Society Awards[84]

February 12, 2014

Outstanding Supporting Visual Effects in a Feature Motion Picture

Chris Godfrey, Prue Fletcher and Joyce Cox

Nominated

Washington D.C. Area Film Critics Association

December 9, 2013

Best Director

Baz Luhrmann

Nominated

Best Art Direction

Catherine Martin and Beverley Dunn

Won

Best Cinematography

Simon Duggan

Nominated

Young Artist Awards[85]

May 4, 2014

Best Supporting Young Actor in a Feature Film

Callan McAuliffe

Won


document_title: Jeep Liberty (KJ)

question_text: what transmission is in a 2003 jeep liberty

text: Jeep Liberty (KJ)

text: Description[edit]

text: Inspired by styling from the Dakar[2] and Jeepster[3] concept vehicles, the Liberty was intended as a replacement for the discontinued Jeep Cherokee. The Liberty also marked a few firsts for Jeep. It was the first Jeep vehicle to use rack and pinion steering.[4] It also the first Jeep to use the two then-new PowerTech engines; the 150 horsepower (110 kW) 2.4 L straight-4, which was discontinued in 2006, and the 210 horsepower (160 kW) 3.7 L V6. However, the Liberty was not the first Jeep vehicle to use an independent front suspension, as the Jeep Wagoneer first used it in the 1963 model. But, that independent front suspension was limited to four wheel drive versions and, even then, was a short lived option.[5] The Liberty was nominated for the North American Truck of the Year award for 2002.

text: Three trim levels were initially offered; the top end Limited, a more rugged looking Renegade and the base Sport. All were made available with either 2WD or 4WD. In July 2004 for the 2005 model year,  the Liberty received a mid-cycle facelift. The 2005, 2006 Renegade and 2005 Rocky Mountain Edition Liberties received an exclusive flat hood and taller grille. In 2007, the Renegade trim level was replaced with the Latitude which appeared to focus more on an urban appearance and lost the Renegade trim's unique hood and grille.

text: Trim Levels and Equipment[edit]

text: The 2002-2007 Jeep Liberty KJ was offered in three basic trim levels, each offering their own level of standard and optional equipment:

text: Sport: The Sport served as the "base" model 2002-2007 Jeep Liberty. It offered the following standard equipment: a 2.4L "Power-Tech" Inline Four-Cylinder (I4) engine, a five-speed manual transmission, sixteen-inch (16") steel wheels, an A/M-F/M stereo with cassette player (later, a single-disc CD player), a six-speaker audio system, cloth seating surfaces, dual manually-adjustable front bucket seats, a split-folding rear bench seat, full instrumentation, manual windows and door locks (power windows and door locks became standard equipment starting in 2005), gray front and rear bumpers and body side cladding panels, and a rear-mounted spare tire and wheel. Optional equipment included an A/M-F/M stereo with single-disc CD player (this later became standard equipment), power windows and door locks with keyless entry (also later became standard equipment), an Infinity premium amplified audio system, aluminum-alloy wheels, a full-size spare tire and wheel (this later became standard equipment), air conditioning (also later became standard equipment), a four-speed automatic transmission, a 3.7L "Power-Tech" V6 engine, a 2.8L Common-Rail Diesel (CRD) engine, a five-speed automatic transmission, and front-mounted fog lamps. "Special-Edition" models of the Liberty KJ, such as the 2003 Freedom Edition, the 2004 Columbia Edition, the 2005 and 2007 Rocky Mountain Edition, and the 2006 65th Anniversary Edition, were all based on the base Sport trim level.

text: Renegade: The Renegade served as the "off-road-ready" model of the Jeep Liberty between midyear 2002 and 2007. Based on the base Sport' model, it added the following equipment: a 3.7L "Power-Tech" V6 engine, power windows and door locks with keyless entry, cloth-and-vinyl-trimmed seating surfaces, air conditioning, sixteen-inch (16") color-keyed aluminum-alloy wheels (in Cactus Green, Mineral Gray, or Light Khaki), gray front and rear decorative wheel flares, Anti-Lock Braking System (ABS), front-mounted fog lamps, and an A/M-F/M stereo with single-disc CD player. Optional equipment included seventeen-inch (17") chrome-clad aluminum-alloy wheels, roof-mounted "Off-Road" lamps, an Infinity premium audio system, leather-trimmed seating surfaces, low-back front bucket seats, a power tilt-and-sliding sunroof, and a four-speed automatic transmission.

text: Limited Edition: The Limited Edition was the top-of-the-line 2002-2007 Jeep Liberty model. It added the following equipment to the Renegade trim level: a 3.7L "Power-Tech" V6 engine, a four-speed automatic transmission, sixteen-inch (16") aluminum-alloy wheels (later seventeen-inch (17")), color-keyed front and rear bumpers, chrome body side cladding panels, an A/M-F/M stereo with single-disc CD player, security system, power-adjustable front driver's bucket seat, air conditioning, front-mounted fog lamps, an overhead Electronic Vehicle Information Center (EVIC), and premium cloth seating surfaces with low-back front bucket seats. Optional equipment included an A/M-F/M stereo with Radio Data System (RDS) and cassette and single-disc CD players (later, a six-disc, in-dash CD changer), an Infinity premium amplified audio system, luxury leather-trimmed seating surfaces, dual heated front bucket seats, a power-adjustable front passenger's bucket seat, seventeen-inch (17") chrome-clad aluminum-alloy wheels, Anti-Lock Braking System (ABS), a 2.8L Common-Rail Diesel (CRD) engine, a five-speed automatic transmission, and a power tilt-and-sliding sunroof.

text: CRD in North America[edit]

text: In 2005, DaimlerChrysler began offering a diesel engine to the North American market to gauge the marketability of diesel engines in North America. The last North American market Jeep product that was offered with a diesel engine was the 1987 Jeep Cherokee and Comanche. Only available for 2005 and 2006 in Sport and Limited trims, the 2.8L VM Motori R 428 I4 common rail turbodiesel or CRD exceeded expectations by selling 10,000 examples in its first calendar year of production. The diesel utilized a variable geometry turbocharger and generated 160 horsepower (120 kW) and 295 lb⋅ft (400 N⋅m) of torque. Offering 60 more foot lbs of torque than the comparable V6 gasoline engine and offered higher fuel efficiency;[6] but it added nearly 200 pounds (91 kg) to the curb weight, a price increase, and offered less peak horsepower. The CRD was prohibited from being sold in Maine, Vermont, Massachusetts, New York, and California due to their higher emission standards and was discontinued for 2007 due to stricter federal emission standards in the United States. The next year Jeep offered the Jeep Grand Cherokee with a diesel engine option; which was 50-state emission legal.

text: Four wheel drive systems[edit]

text: The Liberty is available with either a part-time Command-Trac or full-time Selec-Trac transfer case.

text: The Command-Trac transfer case has four positions: 2-HI, 4-HI, Neutral, and 4-LO. The lever is placed in 2WD HI for regular driving. This allows the two rear tires to receive power. The second position, 4WD HI, is used for driving on slippery or loose surfaces. This position locks both the front and rear drive shafts together allowing the vehicle to maintain drive as long as at least one axle has traction. The third position, Neutral, disengages both drive shafts from the transfer case allowing the car to roll freely; this is used for towing behind another vehicle, for example. The last position, 4WD LO is used for situations requiring higher torque or slow speed when traversing rough terrain. A common misconception is that 4WD LO provides more traction.  It only changes the gear ratio and does not add any more friction between the tires and the driving surface. This position, like 4WD HI locks both the front and rear drive shafts together, and by using a lower gear ratio, allows for 2.72 times more torque (however, the speed is limited to around 25 MPH max). It should be noted that turning while in 4WD HI or LO on dry pavement is hazardous to vehicle components, through driveline binding and wheel-hop.

text: The Selec-Trac transfer case has five positions: 2-HI, 4-HI Part-Time, 4-HI Full-Time, Neutral, and 4-LO. The transfer case is different from the Command-Trac transfer only in the extra 4WD HI Full-Time position. The 4WD HI Full-Time position adds the same traction benefits that the part-time 4WD setting offers, but features an open differential between the front and rear axles to allow the two axles to spin at independent speeds and eliminate drive line binding and wheel-hop. The down side of 4WD Hi Full-Time is that, due to the open differential between front and rear drive lines, at times the drive train will only deliver power to the front or the rear e.g. when the front of the vehicle has reached a high traction surface such as dry pavement and the rear is in sand, the rear tires will spin with 100% of engine power, the front receiving no traction. Under equal traction conditions (front-rear) this position gives the rear wheels 52% of the engine's power and the front wheels 48% of the engine's power. The division of power and open center differential allows the Selec-Trac transfer case to be operated at all times in an "All Wheel Drive" mode with no adverse effects.

text: Government/Fleet use[edit]

text: Even though no special Jeep Liberty was introduced in 2002 for police use, police and rental agencies continue to purchase it for fleet use. Most are equipped with the 3.7L "Power-Tech" V6 Engine that produces 210 horsepower mated to a 4-Speed Automatic Transmission, however, some fleet Liberties used a 2.4L I4 Engine that produced about 150 horsepower with a 4-Speed Automatic Transmission. In 2008, when the Jeep Liberty was fully redesigned, the I4 engine was dropped, and the V6 engine was the only engine choice, as was the 4-Speed Automatic Transmission. Most fleet and government Liberties also use either the Selec-Trac or Selec-Trac II 4WD Systems, but some Liberties used 2WD.

text: Since it was introduced in April 2001 as a 2002 Model Year vehicle to the time it was discontinued in 2007, the Liberty KJ also found its way into rental car fleets. Most rental Liberty KJ's were the V6-powered Sport models with automatic transmissions and 4WD.

text: International versions[edit]

text: Numerous versions were available in markets outside the U.S. and Canada.

text: Early-2002 through mid-2003 model year CRDs were equipped with a 2.5lt VM Motori Diesel producing 105 kW (143 PS; 141 hp) and 343 N⋅m (253 lb⋅ft). An external wastegated turbo was standard and the engine was available only with a manual transmission.

text: A commercial Cherokee version with 2.5 CRD engine and five-speed transmission rated at 34.4 miles per imperial gallon (8.2 L/100 km; 28.6 mpg‑US) has a completely flat cargo area (the rear seat area has a carpeted full-length galvanized metal floor) and the rear quarter glass and rear door glass is replaced with fixed body colored aluminum panels (the front doors have power windows). For additional cargo security a removable floor to ceiling metal and mesh bulkhead is optional. In European markets, VAT registered buyers can claim back the tax paid as this qualifies as a Commercial Vehicle.

text:
Arab American Vehicles Company (a joint venture) assembles the Jeep Cherokee (Liberty) for the Egyptian market.
Carabobo Assembly Plant (DaimlerChrysler de Venezuela) assembles the Jeep Cherokee (Liberty) in Valencia, Carabobo for the Venezuelan market.

text: Total U.S. sales[edit]

text:
Calendar Year

Sales

2001

88,485

2002

171,212

2003

162,987

2004

167,376

2005

166,883

2006

133,557


document_title: Rosaline

question_text: what family is rosaline from in romeo and juliet

text: Rosaline

text: Role in the play[edit]

text: Before Romeo meets Juliet, he loves Rosaline, Capulet's niece and Juliet's cousin. He describes her as wonderfully beautiful: "The all-seeing sun / ne'er saw her match since first the world begun."[1] Rosaline, however, chooses to remain chaste; Romeo says: "She hath forsworn to love, and in that vow / Do I live dead that live to tell it now."[2] This is the source of his depression, and he makes his friends unhappy; Mercutio comments: "That same pale, hard-hearted wench, that Rosaline, torments him so that he will sure run mad."[3] Benvolio urges Romeo to sneak into a Capulet gathering where, he claims, Rosaline will look like "a crow" alongside the other beautiful women.[4] Romeo agrees, but doubts Benvolio's assessment. After Romeo sees Juliet his feelings suddenly change: "Did my heart love till now? Forswear it, sight / For I ne'er saw true beauty till this night."[5] Because their relationship is sudden and secret, Romeo's friends and Friar Laurence continue to speak of his affection for Rosaline throughout much of the play.

text: Analysis[edit]

text: Name[edit]

text:
"...Juliet on the balcony ponders Romeo's name and likens it to that rose that remains itself whatever it is called. Is Juliet that rose, and, thereby, Rosaline renamed?""

—Jonathan Goldberg[6]

tag: div

text: Rosaline is a variant of Rosalind,[7] a name of Old French origin: (hros = "horse", lind = "soft, tender"). When it was imported into English it was thought to be from the Latin rosa linda ("lovely rose").[8] Romeo sees Rosaline as the embodiment of the rose because of her name and her apparent perfections.[9][10] The name Rosaline commonly appears in Petrarchan sonnets, a form of poetry Romeo uses to woo Juliet and to describe both Rosaline and Juliet. Since Rosaline is unattainable, she is a perfect subject for this style; but Romeo's attempt at it is forced and weak. By the time he meets Juliet his poetic ability has improved considerably.[9]

text: Gender studies critics have argued that Rosaline's name suggests that Romeo never really forgets her but rather replaces her with Juliet. Thus, when Juliet cries "What's in a name? A rose by any other name would smell as sweet," she is ironically expressing Romeo's own view of her as a substitute for Rosaline. That is to say, Rosaline, replaced in name only by Juliet, is just as sweet to Romeo.[6] Gender critics also note that the arguments used to dissuade Romeo from pursuing Rosaline are similar to the themes of Shakespeare's procreation sonnets. In these sonnets Shakespeare urges the man (who can be equated with Romeo) to find a woman with whom to procreate—a duty he owes to society. Rosaline, it seems, is distant and unavailable except in the mind, similarly bringing no hope of offspring. As Benvolio argues, she is best replaced by someone who will reciprocate. Rosaline reveals similarities to the subject of the sonnets when she refuses to break her vow of chastity. Her name may be referred to in the first sonnet when the young man is described as "beauties Rose." This line ties the young man to both Rosaline and Romeo in Juliet's "What's in a name?" soliloquy. When Juliet says "...that which we call a rose / By any other name would smell as sweet",[11] she may be raising the question of whether there is any difference between the beauty of a man and the beauty of a woman.[6]

text: Rosaline is used as a name for only one other Shakespearean character—the one of the main female figures in Love's Labours Lost (1598), although Rosalind is the name of the main female character in As You Like It. Scholars have found similarities between them: both are described as beautiful, and both have a way of avoiding men's romantic advances. Rosaline in Love's Labours Lost constantly rebuffs her suitor's advances and Romeo's Rosaline remains distant and chaste in his brief descriptions of her. These similarities have led some to wonder whether they are based on a woman Shakespeare actually knew, possibly the Dark Lady described in his sonnets, but there is no strong evidence of this connection.[12]

text: Rosaline as plot device[edit]

text: Analysts note that Rosaline acts as a plot device, by motivating Romeo to sneak into the Capulet party where he will meet Juliet. Without her, their meeting would be unlikely.[13] Rosaline thus acts as the impetus to bring the "star-cross'd lovers" to their deaths—she is crucial in shaping their fate (a common theme of the play). Ironically, she remains oblivious of her role.[14]

text: Rosaline and Juliet[edit]

text:
"Rosaline and Paris...are the subtlest reflectors of all...they are cast like a snake's skin by the more robust reality of Romeo and Juliet."

—Ruth Nevo, on the Rosaline-Juliet, Paris-Romeo comparison[15]

text: Literary critics often compare Romeo's love for Rosaline with his feelings for Juliet. Some see Romeo's supposed love for Rosaline as childish as compared with his true love for Juliet. Others argue that the apparent difference in Romeo's feelings shows Shakespeare's improving skill. Since Shakespeare is thought to have written early drafts of the play in 1591, and then picked them up again in 1597 to create the final copy, the change in Romeo's language for Rosaline and Juliet may mirror Shakespeare's increased skill as a playwright: the younger Shakespeare describing Rosaline, and the more experienced describing Juliet. In this view, a careful look at the play reveals that Romeo's love for Rosaline is not as petty as usually imagined.[13]

text: Critics also note the ways in which Romeo's relationship with Rosaline prepares him for meeting Juliet. Before meeting Rosaline, Romeo despises all Capulets, but afterwards looks upon them more favourably. He experiences the dual feelings of hate and love in the one relationship. This prepares him for the more mature relationship with Juliet—one fraught by the feud between Montagues and Capulets. Romeo expresses the conflict of love and hate in Act 1, Scene 1, comparing his love for Rosaline with the feud between the two houses:[16]

text: Here's much to do with hate, but more with love.

text:
Why, then, O brawling love! O loving hate!
O any thing, of nothing first create!
O heavy lightness! serious vanity!
Mis-shapen chaos of well-seeming forms!
Feather of lead, bright smoke, cold fire, sick health!
Still-waking sleep, that is not what it is!
This love feel I, that feel no love in this.
Dost thou not laugh?

text: Psychoanalytic critics see signs of repressed childhood trauma in Romeo's love for Rosaline. She is of a rival house and is sworn to chastity. Thus he is in an impossible situation, one which will continue his trauma if he remains in it. Although he acknowledges its ridiculous nature, he refuses to stop loving her. Psychoanalysts view this as a re-enactment of his failed relationship with his mother. Rosaline's absence is symbolic of his mother's absence and lack of affection for him. Romeo's love for Juliet is similarly hopeless, for she is a Capulet and Romeo pursues his relationship with her; the difference being that Juliet reciprocates.[17] This does not seem likely seeing as his mother died of grief after his banishment, indicating that she probably loved him deeply.

text: Performances[edit]

text: Rosaline has been portrayed in various ways over the centuries. Theophilus Cibber's 1748 version of Romeo and Juliet replaced references to Rosaline with references to Juliet. This, according to critics, took out the "love at first sight" moment at the Capulet feast.[18] In the 1750s, actor and theatre director David Garrick also eliminated references to Rosaline from his performances, as many saw Romeo's quick replacement of her as immoral.[19][20] However, in Franco Zeffirelli's 1968 film version of Romeo and Juliet, Romeo sees Rosaline (played by Paola Tedesco)[21] first at the Capulet feast and then Juliet, of whom he becomes immediately enamoured. This scene suggests that love is short and superficial. Rosaline also appears in Renato Castellani's 1954 film version. In a brief non-Shakespearean scene, Rosaline (Dagmar Josipovitch) gives Romeo a mask at Capulet's celebration, and urges him to leave disguised before harm comes to him. Other filmmakers keep Rosaline off-camera in stricter accordance with Shakespeare's script.[22] Rosaline also appears in the 2013 film adaptation of Romeo & Juliet.

text: Robert Nathan's 1966 romantic comedy, Juliet in Mantua, presents Rosaline as a fully developed character. In this sequel, in which Romeo and Juliet did not die, the pair live ten years later in exile in Mantua. After they are forgiven and return to Verona, they learn that Rosaline is now married to County Paris, and both couples must confront their disillusionment with their marriages. Another play, After Juliet, written by Scottish playwright Sharman Macdonald, tells the story of Rosaline after Romeo dies. A main character in this play, she struggles with her loss and turns away the advances of Benvolio, who has fallen in love with her. Macdonald's daughter, Keira Knightley, played Rosaline in the play's 1999 premiere.[23][24] The 2012 young adult novel "When You Were Mine" by Rebecca Serle sets Rosaline's story in a contemporary high school. Rosaline and Romeo (renamed Rob) have been best friends since childhood and are just beginning to fall in love when Rosaline's cousin, Juliet, moves back into town and sets her sights on Rob.[25] Important character in sequel named "Plague on both your houses!" (1994) by Grigori Gorin.

text: Still Star-Crossed (2017) – period drama television series created by Heather Mitchell and based on the book with same name by Melinda Taub. It follows Rosaline (played by Lashana Lynch). She and Benvolio of Montague are betrothed against their will by Prince Escalus, to end the feud between the two families. Both resolve to find a way to end the violence without having the union.


document_title: Godzilla: Planet of the Monsters

question_text: when does the next godzilla anime come out

text: Godzilla: Planet of the Monsters

text: Plot[edit]

text: In the last summer of the 20th century, giant monsters began appearing all over the world and wreaking havoc. A powerful creature called Godzilla appeared which destroyed humans and monsters alike. Two species of aliens, the Exif and the Bilusaludo, arrived with the former attempting to convert humanity to their religion and the latter seeking to emigrate to Earth with promises to defeat Godzilla with Mechagodzilla, should humanity accept them. However, the Bilusaludo were unable to activate Mechagodzilla, which forced the aliens and humanity to abandon Earth and emigrate to Tau Ceti e.

text: 20 years later and 11.9 light years away, Captain Haruo Sakaki locks himself in a shuttle, threatening to bomb the area unless the ship leaves Planet Tau-e and abandons the emigration project. Haruo believes the planet is uninhabitable and the emigration crew only consists of the elderly, including his grandfather, because he believes the ship's committee are trying to reduce the population due to limited resources. Haruo fails, is arrested and thrown in a cell where he witnesses the emigration shuttle exploding upon leaving the planet.

text: Metphies, an Exif priest, visits Haruo, where he hands him classified data regarding Godzilla. Haruo anonymously publishes an essay detailing Godzilla's weak points, which convinces the central committee to return to Earth after concluding that finding another habitable planet seems unlikely. Upon returning to Earth, the ship sends recon drones to scout the Earth but reveal that Godzilla is still alive after all these years.

text: Metphies explains to the committee that they cannot co-exist with Godzilla and suggests killing it. He also explains that the anonymous essay was the result of a thorough investigation and is sound, promising to reveal the author under the condition that Haruo is released.

text: Haruo is released on bail and explains to the committee that a certain unknown organ in Godzilla's body can emit a high frequency electromagnetic pulse that generates an asymmetrical permeable shield. Haruo proposes shoving an EMP probe within the cracked organ before it regenerates so Godzilla can implode. However, Haruo stresses that close quarters combat would be needed for accurately coordinated attacks in order to find its weak organ, as well as 600 people.

text: The committee reluctantly accepts and upon landing two battalions on Earth, discovering that 20,000 years have passed and that Godzilla's presence has radically altered Earth's biosphere. They are attacked by a group of flying creatures called Servums and Leland, the company's commander, orders a retreat but Metphies stresses that they would need to rendezvous with Companies D and E through a pass where Godzilla frequents.

text: However, once the group mobilizes, they encounter Godzilla. Haruo proceeds with the original plan on his own and attacks Godzilla. Leland manages to provoke Godzilla to use its atomic breath, but at the cost of his life. Leland's actions reveal that Godzilla's weak point is its dorsal fins. Command falls to Metphies, who promotes Haruo to commander. In a speech, Haruo convinces the remaining survivors to continue with the plan and defeat Godzilla.

text: The group attacks Godzilla and manage to trap it within a collapsed mountain pass. EMP probes are drilled into Godzilla's dorsal fins which causes it to implode. Martin Lazzari, the group's environmental biologist, theorizes that this Godzilla may be different from the one that drove humanity away, believing it to be an offspring. Subsequently, the original Godzilla, which has grown several times larger, surfaces from beneath a nearby mountain and destroys the remaining crew. Trapped beneath rubble, Haruo watches Godzilla leave, vowing to kill it.

text: In a post-credits scene, Haruo wakes up in a secluded area, finding an indigenous girl next to him.

text: Voice cast[edit]

text:
Characters

Japanese[7][8]

English[4]

Haruo Sakaki

Mamoru Miyano (adult), Aya Suzaki (young)[9]

Chris Niosi (adult), Rachelle Heger (young)

Metphies

Takahiro Sakurai

Lucien Dodge

Martin Lazzari

Tomokazu Sugita

Edward Bosco

Mulu Elu Galu Gu

Junichi Suwabe

Jamieson Price

Rilu-Elu Belu-be

Kenta Miyake

Rich Brown

Yuko Tani

Kana Hanazawa

Cristina Vee

Adam Bindewald

Yūki Kaji

Robbie Daymond

Eliott Leland

Daisuke Ono

Ray Chase

Unberto Mori

Kenyu Horiuchi

Keith Silverstein

Halu-Elu Dolu-do

Kazuya Nakai

Doug Stone

Endurphe

Kazuhiro Yamaji

Joe Ochman

text: Production[edit]

text: In August 2016, Toho announced that an animated Godzilla film was being developed, targeted for a 2017 release. Gen Urobuchi was announced as the writer, Kobun Shizuno and Hiroyuki Seshita as the directors, and Polygon Pictures was announced as the studio that would animate the film.[10][11] In January 2017, Urobuchi announced the main cast on his Twitter account.[7] On March 26, 2017, Toho announced that the film would be the first film in a new trilogy.[12]

text: About the production, co-director Shizuno stated, "From the start, we had the blessing of Toho to not be constrained by previous entries in the franchise, and with the freedom of imagination offered by animation I feel we have come up with a cool new form for Godzilla."[3] On Godzilla's new design, co-director Seshita stated, "With his masses of muscle fibers and unique body tissue to support his enormous bulk, this is an extraordinarily rugged-looking physique. It was an overwhelming presence that reverberated through the whole project, like a fearsome deity that even we who created it must prostrate ourselves before. That is our Godzilla."[3] The English dub was produced by Post Haste Digital.[4]

text: Marketing[edit]

text: A stage event for the film was held at AnimeJapan 2017 on March 26, 2017.[7] The film's directors are scheduled to attend the Annecy International Animation Film Festival to reveal more details regarding the film.[13] In June 2017, a new poster detailing Godzilla's design was revealed with the tagline "Despair Evolves".[14] On August 16, 2017, a new trailer and poster were released with the tagline "Who will go extinct — humans, or Godzilla?"[15]

text: Release[edit]

text: In March 2017, it was announced that the film will be streamed in 190 countries via Netflix following the film's Japanese theatrical release. Greg Peters, President of Netflix Japan stated, "Working with the best creators such as Toho in bringing Godzilla to Netflix users in over 190 countries marks a major milestone for us".[16][17] That same month, a teaser poster revealed that the film will be released theatrically in Japan on November 17, 2017.[18] On January 7, 2018, Netflix announced that the film will be released worldwide on their platform on January 17, 2018.[19]

text: Box office[edit]

text: Godzilla: Planet of the Monsters reached #3 at the box office on its opening weekend, earning ¥103 million from 71,200 admissions within two days and is projected to earn an additional ¥500 million.[20]

text: Critical reception[edit]

text: Brian Ashcraft of the Kotaku website felt that the characters "aren’t all that interesting" but did state that the "anime version of Godzilla is surprisingly effective and frightening" and that despite his complaints, the "overall experience was good" and "It’s not a perfect picture, but it was a powerful proof of concept: Godzilla works as an anime."[21] Matt Schley from The Japan Times praised the film's CG animation, stating, "even skeptics will admit the 3-D version of the king of the monsters looks pretty darn cool" but felt the film wasn't "nearly as thematically ambitious as its predecessor" and concluded by stating, "But still, with its impressive 3-D animation and action sequences, 'Planet of the Monsters' has the makings of something interesting."[22]

text: Home media[edit]

text: In Japan, the film was released on DVD and Blu-ray by Toho Video on May 16, 2018.[23]

text: Sequels[edit]

text: Godzilla: Planet of the Monsters is the first film in the anime trilogy.[12] The second film in the trilogy, titled Godzilla: City on the Edge of Battle was released on May 18, 2018.[24][25] The third and final film in the trilogy, titled Gojira: Hoshi wo Kū Mono (GODZILLA -星を喰う者), translation vary from Godzilla: Planet Eater to Godzilla: Eater of Stars, is scheduled to be released in November 2018.[26]


document_title: The Wizarding World of Harry Potter (Universal Orlando Resort)

question_text: how many harry potter rides are at universal

text: Background[edit]

text: Previous attraction attempts[edit]

text: A Harry Potter themed attraction at a Universal Studios park or a Disney park was rumored in 2003.[14][15] However, the rights to the Harry Potter franchise had been acquired by Warner Bros., who denied all the rumors.[16] In 2001, Time Warner used this license to construct and operate the Harry Potter Movie Magic Experience at Warner Bros. Movie World on the Gold Coast, Australia. The attraction was a small indoor walkthrough featuring many re-creations of locations in the first two movies. After two years of operation this attraction was removed.[17][18]

text: The Walt Disney Company and Universal entered bidding negotiations with Warner Bros. and Rowling for the theme park rights to Harry Potter in the United States.[19] In 2004, Rowling signed a letter-of-intent with Disney, with the company intending to develop a Harry Potter section within the Magic Kingdom park at Walt Disney World.[20] Ultimately, Disney pulled out of negotiations, citing that Rowling's creative influence and the terms established by Warner Bros. was too stringent.[21]

text: Rumors and official announcement[edit]

text: In January 2007, About.com reported a rumor from a "highly credible source" that the Lost Continent area within Universal's Islands of Adventure park was to be re-themed "to the stories and characters of one of the most popular children's franchises".[22] Other sources followed up in the next few days with unofficial confirmation the new area would involve Harry Potter, and was being developed under the name "Project Strong Arm" in reference to the KUKA robotic arm technology it would utilise.[23][24] Nikki Finke reported her own confirmation of the Potter park plans in April,[25] followed shortly by a story in The Scotsman;[26] both reports were widely relayed by other media sources.[27][28][29] On May 31, 2007, Universal (in partnership with Warner Bros.) officially announced the 20-acre (8.1 ha) addition recreating Hogwarts, the Forbidden Forest and Hogsmeade, with a planned opening in 2009.[9][10][11][30]

text: Phase 1: Islands of Adventure[edit]

text: Construction of the Wizarding World of Harry Potter began seven months after the official announcement, in January 2008. By July, the Flying Unicorn and Enchanted Oak Tavern were closed. The Flying Unicorn then began an almost two-year refurbishment which transformed it into the Flight of the Hippogriff. The Enchanted Oak Tavern was later demolished. A bridge was built to connect The Lost Continent with Jurassic Park allowing guests to avoid the construction zone that was to become the Wizarding World. Construction progressed with the Hogwarts Castle slowly taking shape. By September 2008, the Dueling Dragons entrance was moved to Jurassic Park to make room for construction of Hogsmeade. One month later, the old entrance was demolished. By September 2009, the top shell of Hogwarts Castle was completed. On September 15, an announcement was made detailing what was going to be included in the Wizarding World. In early 2010, Universal increased its marketing of the area, which included newspaper advertisements, billboards and television commercials. The Dueling Dragons were closed for some maintenance before being transformed into the Dragon Challenge.[31] Construction was completed by June 1, 2010, when the area began soft openings.[3]

text: A soft opening weekend was held for the media and reserved guests, starting on May 28, 2010. The park had two opening ceremonies that took place on June 16 and on June 18, 2010. The Wizarding World of Harry Potter's grand opening ceremony took place on June 16 with book series author J. K. Rowling, and film series actors Daniel Radcliffe, Rupert Grint, Emma Watson, Michael Gambon, Robbie Coltrane, Tom Felton, Matthew Lewis, James and Oliver Phelps and Bonnie Wright, as well as Universal Orlando Resort officials, and representatives from the media. The ceremony, which was produced by Universal Orlando Events Production in conjunction with Thinkwell Group,[32] concluded with a fireworks display and a performance by the Orlando Philharmonic Orchestra, conducted by original series' composer John Williams. On June 18, the second ceremony took place, which officially opened the Wizarding World of Harry Potter to the public. NBC's Today Show[33] and The Weather Channel broadcast segments live from the park.[34][35][36]

text: Phase 2: Universal Studios Florida[edit]

text: The opening of the Wizarding World of Harry Potter saw attendance at Islands of Adventure rise by as much as 36% in 2010. According to Jason Garcia of the Orlando Sentinel, this had resort executives pondering "when to expand Wizarding World and how to keep business balanced between Islands and Universal Studios Florida".[37] In April 2011, Brady MacDonald of the Los Angeles Times speculated that an expansion of The Wizarding World of Harry Potter would see attractions such as Diagon Alley and a Gringotts-themed dark ride replace Islands of Adventure's Lost Continent themed area.[38]

text: On December 6, 2011, Universal Parks & Resorts announced that they would be expanding The Wizarding World of Harry Potter. The expansion was described as "significant" by officials; however, no further details were released at the time.[39][40] The announcement came just four days after Universal Studios Florida announced the closure of the park's Jaws attraction and surrounding Amity area on January 2, 2012.[41] On January 25, 2012, the Los Angeles Times stated that the site of the former Jaws attraction would be used for The Wizarding World of Harry Potter expansion. These attractions would be complemented by a replica of the Hogwarts Express to move guests between the two parks.[42] Demolition of the Jaws attraction and the Amity area began almost immediately after their closure.[43][44] After the site was leveled, work began on land reclamation in the area's former lagoon, as well as construction of a series of buildings including a large show building.[45][46][47]

text: Further details about the expansion of the Wizarding World of Harry Potter were announced on May 8, 2013. Officials confirmed that the expansion would be set predominantly in the adjacent Universal Studios Florida theme park, and would feature attractions themed after Diagon Alley and London. The rumored Hogwarts Express connection between the two parks was also confirmed. Officials stated the expansion should open in 2014.[48][49][50][51]

text: On January 23, 2014, officials announced the name of the flagship attraction would be Harry Potter and the Escape from Gringotts. They also indicated that a two-park pass would be necessary to ride the Hogwarts Express, which was set to connect Universal Studios Florida with the existing Harry Potter attraction at Universal's Islands of Adventure.[52][53][54]

text: The official opening date of the Diagon Alley phase was announced at an exclusive and private press conference on June 17, 2014, for July 8, 2014. On June 18, 2014, the Diagon Alley red carpet premiere took place with Domhnall Gleeson, Bonnie Wright, Evanna Lynch, Matthew Lewis, James and Oliver Phelps, Tom Felton, Robbie Coltrane, Warwick Davis and Helena Bonham Carter attending. New photos of Diagon Alley were later released the same night and the official opening date was announced publicly by Universal Orlando's president, Bill Davis.[55] King's Cross station opened on July 1, 2014, as well as the Hogwarts Express Hogsmeade Station at Islands of Adventure and soft openings of Diagon Alley began on July 3, 2014.[5] Diagon Alley officially opened on July 8, 2014.[6][7][8]

text: Rides[edit]

text: The Wizarding World of Harry Potter has four rides. Three rides opened in 2010 as part of phase one. An additional two rides opened with phase two in 2014.

text: Dragon Challenge was a roller coaster featuring two distinct tracks built to overlap and intertwine with each other. The ride was formerly in operation since the park's 1999 opening under the name Dueling Dragons. The physical coaster is exactly the same, with some new decor.[56] The attraction was renamed in homage to the first task of the Triwizard Tournament where Harry and the other contestants are each to duel with a dragon, depicted in chapter 20 of Harry Potter and the Goblet of Fire.[57] The two sides of the coaster have been renamed "Hungarian Horntail" and "Chinese Fireball",[56] after two of the dragon breeds which appear in the book. It was the only chasing inverted roller coaster in the world. The queue for this ride features many Harry Potter relics, including the Goblet of Fire and the Triwizard Cup. In addition, the hike to the ride features the flying car featured in the second film, as well as Hagrid's hut. On July 24, 2017, Universal Orlando officials announced that Dragon Challenge would close after September 4, 2017 to make way for a new attraction based on the Harry Potter franchise that is scheduled to open in 2019.[58][59][60]

text: Harry Potter and the Forbidden Journey is a new attraction inside the replica of Hogwarts Castle, simulating a tour of the castle and its surrounding grounds. Visitors initially walk through the castle, interacting with various characters and props from the Potter series,[61] including a speech from Dumbledore, and directions from Harry, Hermione and Ron, before boarding a "magical bench" (controlled with a KUKA robotic arm system[62]). Throughout the ride, guests are taken around the outside of the castle, using a combination of simulated flight as well as encountering realistic animatronic versions of the Whomping Willow, a horde of dementors, giant spiders, the Hungarian Horntail Dragon, and a Quidditch match.[63]

text: Flight of the Hippogriff is a steel roller coaster designed for families, located adjacent to Harry Potter and the Forbidden Journey. The ride opened in 2000 as the Flying Unicorn.[64] Similar to the Dragon Challenge, this ride was re-themed prior to the opening of the Wizarding World. The roller coaster's back-story is that Hogwarts's Care of Magical Creatures professor, Hagrid, is teaching young wizards to fly on a hippogriff (as Harry does in Harry Potter and the Prisoner of Azkaban) by using a wicker replica of the creature. A recreation of Hagrid's Hut is passed on the way for a lesson from Hagrid himself on how to properly approach a hippogriff.[65][66]

text: Diagon Alley's flagship attraction is Harry Potter and the Escape from Gringotts, 3-D motion-based steel roller coaster dark ride based around Gringotts Bank, the wizarding bank in Diagon Alley.[67] Riders enter the bank into the queue area where Bogrod greets visitors and instructs them to continue past him to travel deep into the vaults of the bank to open an account. Unlike Harry Potter and the Forbidden Journey, this ride is hosted by Bill Weasley, played by Domhnall Gleeson, reprising his role from Harry Potter and the Deathly Hallows – Part 1 and Part 2.

text: A completely functioning full-scale replica of the Hogwarts Express was created for the Diagon Alley expansion, connecting King's Cross Station at Universal Studios to the Hogsmeade station at Islands of Adventure,[48][68] manufactured by Doppelmayr Garaventa Group in the form of a funicular railway people mover.[69] The Hogwarts Express King's Cross Station features a wall between Platforms 9 and 10, where guests can "walk through" to get to Platform 9¾, like in the first film.

text: Dining, shopping, and other attractions[edit]

text: Other than the main rides, The Wizarding World of Harry Potter is also home to gift shops, restaurants and other tourist attractions. Several of these are recreations of locations in the Harry Potter books while others have been created specifically for the park. A recreation of Hogsmeade is housed at Islands of Adventure while a recreation of Diagon Alley is housed at Universal Studios Florida.

text: In the book series, Ollivanders wand shop is located in Diagon Alley, not Hogsmeade; however, installations of the shop are present in both areas of The Wizarding World of Harry Potter. The Hogsmeade attraction recreated the shop as "Ollivanders", portraying it as a branch of the original where Harry purchases his wand in Harry Potter and the Philosopher's Stone (known in the United States as Harry Potter and the Sorcerer's Stone). Unlike other shops in the Wizarding World of Harry Potter, visitors are admitted in groups of 20 to experience the premise from the Potter series, that "the wand chooses the wizard". Similar to the first film, the wand keeper and a selected guest test a variety of wands until the right one is found. Effects include flowers drying out or a thunderstorm erupting inside the shop. After experiencing the attraction, souvenir wands can be purchased.[70]

text: Hogsmeade[edit]

text: A recreation of the Hogwarts Express lies at the entry to Hogsmeade. The recreation features "billowing steam and an iconic whistle" and is accompanied by the conductor of the train. In the Harry Potter series the Hogwarts Express is the train used to transport students from London to Hogwarts. The "Owl Post" is a working post office (where postcards and letters will be delivered with an authentic Hogsmeade postmark) that also sells stationery, writing implements, stamps, and owl-related gifts.

text: "The Three Broomsticks", based on the inn and pub from the Harry Potter series, offers a variety of food and beverage items from the Harry Potter universe, including Butterbeer, pumpkin juice, strawberry-peanut butter ice cream (as seen in Harry Potter and the Prisoner of Azkaban), and chocolate Cauldron Cakes, in addition to a menu composed of traditional British fare (Shepherd's pie, fish and chips, etc.). The pub features many hidden references to the book, namely house elves and ghosts that roam the rafters.[71][72] Butterbeer, which can be purchased with a souvenir mug, is offered as a non-alcoholic beverage and comes in both regular and frozen forms, found at the beginning of Hogsmeade fresh off the tap from the butterbeer cart. Similarly, The Hog's Head is based on the pub from the Harry Potter series owned by Aberforth Dumbledore.[71][72] Honeydukes is a sweet shop, based on Honeydukes Sweetshop in the Harry Potter series. The shop sells many items from the Harry Potter universe including Chocolate Frogs, Acid Pops, exploding bonbons, Cauldron Cakes, treacle fudge, Fizzing Whizzbees, Pepper Imps, and Bertie Bott's Every Flavour Beans.[73]

text: Various Harry Potter merchandise items can be purchased from two different gift shops in Hogsmeade. Dervish and Banges is a store selling magical items, as well as Quidditch supplies, Hogwarts clothing, and other merchandise. The store is based on Dervish and Banges in the Harry Potter series.[74] The second shop is Filch's Emporium of Confiscated Goods. It is a general gift shop (named for Hogwarts caretaker Argus Filch) offering Hogwarts souvenirs (such as clothing and stationery), replicas of props from the Harry Potter films, and other toys and souvenirs. The shop is at the exit to Harry Potter and the Forbidden Journey, and is where guests can obtain photos of their ride experience.[75]

text: Diagon Alley[edit]

text: Live attractions at Diagon Alley include the Knight Bus interactive show at the London waterfront; "The Fountain of Fair Fortune" and "The Tale of The Three Brothers," which are puppet shows enacting stories from The Tales of Beedle the Bard; and live performances from musical group Celestina Warbeck and the Banshees (mentioned briefly by Molly Weasley in Harry Potter and the Chamber of Secrets).

text: Gringotts Money Exchange is able to exchange American currency for Wizarding bank notes. Diagon Alley features The Leaky Cauldron restaurant,[50] The Hopping Pot, and Florean Fortescue's Ice Cream Parlour, which specializes in Butterbeer-flavored ice cream.[68] The Fountain of Fair Fortune is also a bar. Ollivander's Wand Shop sells interactive wands that activate features all around Diagon Alley, Quality Quidditch Supplies, Weasleys' Wizard Wheezes joke shop, Magical Menagerie, Madam Malkin's Robes for All Occasions, Wiseacre's Wizarding Equipment. Borgin and Burkes is the only shop located in Knockturn Alley.

text: Reception[edit]

text: The Wizarding World of Harry Potter was well received by Harry Potter fans. Matt Blum of Wired stated "every detail is finely crafted to enhance the experience".[76] An Orlando Sentinel article stated "muggles will love their Harry Potter adventure" but identifies the need for the park to offer Universal Express Passes due to large crowds. It also stated Harry Potter and the Forbidden Journey is a truly one-of-a-kind experience that cannot easily be described.[77] Lisa Minot, from The Sun, stated "after a sneak peek, I can say it is the most faithful recreation of JK Rowling's books and movies ever seen. Fans will be in heaven."[78] Leigh Caldwell from Traveling Mamas noted that although The Wizarding World of Harry Potter is ideal for the whole family, it's not designed for anyone under 3 years old." She went on to consolidate others' comments about the area: "there is no doubt that fans of the Harry Potter books and movies are going to enjoy the heck out of a visit to the Wizarding World".[79] Boris Johnson, Mayor of London, criticized the fact that the park was chosen to be in Orlando, rather than in London, stating that it was "utterly mad" to leave it to the Americans "to make money from a great British invention."[80]


document_title: Mark E. Brown

question_text: when did what happens in vegas stays in vegas start

text: Mark E. Brown

text: Early life and education[edit]

text: He attended the University of Nevada, Reno and completed the Executive Program in Management for the John Anderson Graduate School of Management. He is currently a member of the Board of Trustees of the UNLV Foundation.

text: Career[edit]

text: Brown started out working as a senior legislative assistant on the staff of former Nevada Senator Chic Hecht. He spent five years in Washington, D.C. overseeing all of Hecht's U.S. Senate Banking and Energy Committee assignments in the 1980s.[4] After 1989, he started and operated his own company called The Carrara Group, a government affairs and public relations company which was later acquired by Burson-Marsteller, the world's largest public relations firm. Following the acquisition he got a job as the Executive Vice President of corporate and government relations and marketing for The Howard Hughes Corporation and from 1994 to 1999, worked for the company, that is also an affiliate of The Rouse Company. Yet, by 1999 Brown began to transition into the world of Las Vegas casinos. He served as an Executive Vice President of government relations and corporate communications for Station Casinos, Inc. from 1999 to 2000.

text: R&R Partners[edit]

text: Brown was the founder and owner of Brown & Partners in 2000, which merged with R&R Partners in 2004. The merger helped bring a $226 million in combined capital in 2005, when the merger became effective. R&R Partners is considered Nevada's largest public affairs, public relations and full-service advertising agency. After the merger Brown served as its President and Chief Executive Officer from 2004 to 2007.[5]

text: The company R&R Partners, is best known for creating the advertising campaign slogan "What Happens in Vegas, Stays in Vegas" for the City of Las Vegas.[2][3] Its "What happens here" slogan is not new, see What happens on tour, stays on tour, yet the campaign brought Las Vegas a record-breaking 37.4 million visitors in 2004. Since then the phrase has been used by many celebrities. Gambling fan Ben Affleck used it on Saturday Night Live. Billy Crystal used it to close the 2004 Oscars. It has been a clue on Wheel of Fortune. In 2004 on The Tonight Show when Jay Leno asked Laura Bush whether she had gambled or had seen a Chippendales show while visiting the Las Vegas Strip, the then First Lady got a big hand by replying, "Jay, what happened in Vegas, stays in Vegas."[6] In later years the phrase was used as the title for a 2008 movie 'What Happens in Vegas' starring Cameron Diaz and Ashton Kutcher. It has also been used in the 2009 blockbuster hit The Hangover.

text: Other Corporate Involvements[edit]

text:
Medicor Ltd: Brown was also involved in Medicor Ltd. as its director in 2003. The company was founded in 1999 and was based in Las Vegas, Nevada. Medicor, Ltd., through its subsidiaries, engages in the development, manufacture, and marketing of breast implants and other implants primarily for the aesthetic, plastic, and reconstructive surgery markets worldwide. On June 29, 2007, MediCor Ltd, along with its affiliates, filed a voluntary petition for reorganization under Chapter 11 in the US Bankruptcy Court for the District of Delaware.[7]
Service1 st Bank of Nevada: He was a founder of Service1 st Bank of Nevada. He has been a director of Service1st Bank of Nevada since January 2007. Brown serves as a Director of Service1st. The bank’s capital was valued at the end of the first quarter of 2010 around $21 million and later bought by Western Liberty Bancorp and Forbes Lister Jason N. Ader the same year.[8][9]
YourBuyer Worldwide, Inc.: Brown served as the President of YourBuyer Worldwide, Inc., a global purchasing company.[10][11][12]

text: Zen Gaming[edit]

text: Brown heard about a social networking Web site proposal that would feature poker and be able to target ads to specific partners, he thought it sounded like a good idea. Thus, he started a holding company called Zen Gaming and acquired nlop.com, a successful online poker site Brown became the Chief Executive Officer of Zen Gaming in 2007.[13] The website purchased initially had problems in the US with the passing of the Unlawful Internet Gambling Enforcement Act, yet Brown's combination of membership poker and paid advertising space online offered new potential.[14]

text: Zen Gaming is based out of Las Vegas with wholly owned subsidiary divisions that include NewPoker LLC and Advergaming LLC under which the acquired National League of Poker operates. The company developed and patented two new poker games, Royal hold 'em and No River Hold'em that have been approved by the Nevada Gaming Commission and already are being played in the poker rooms at Treasure Island Hotel and Casino, Hard Rock Hotel and O'Sheas on the Las Vegas Strip.[15] Also, Stephens Media Group, owner of the Review-Journal, is one of Zen Gaming's first partners. Using the company's software, the Review-Journal launched a poker site, becoming the first newspaper in the country to offer online poker.[1] Some of Zen Gaming's other partners include Golden Gaming and Lotus Broadcasting, a radio company that owns the local affiliates for ESPN Radio and Fox Sports Radio,and pair of local rock and Spanish-language stations.[1] It also has partnership deals with NBCSports.com since 2009.

text: The Zen Gaming's software platform was selected by Poker Productions, Inc. under a continuing agreement with NBCsports.com to provide poker programming. Poker Productions provides executive production services for the National Heads-Up Poker Championship and the Poker After Dark programs seen on NBC.[16]

text: Brown later made partnerships with the Ultimate Fighting Championship to set up poker rooms at their events. The UFC Poker Rooms leveraged UFC’s massive fan base and tremendous brand equity with Zen’s advergaming platform that the UFC considers "among the most robust, deeply analytical online Advergaming platforms in the world."[17]


document_title: Area code 708

question_text: where is area code 708 located in the usa

text: Area code 708

text: This article does not cite any sources. Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. (December 2011) (Learn how and when to remove this template message)

text: Telephone area code 708 covers western and southern Cook County and eastern and southern Will County in the state of Illinois, USA. Area code 708 was split off from area code 312 on November 11, 1989, and once covered almost all of the suburbs of Chicago. In 1996, area code 847 and area code 630 were broken off from 708. Area code 464 is being reserved as an overlay area code for 708 to provide additional numbering options for this area.

text: Area code 708 was Illinois' first new area code since 309 was created in 1957 and the second new code for the state since the NANP went online in 1947.


document_title: Sean Rowe

question_text: who sings i'm trying to leave something behind

question_tokens: who sings i 'm trying to leave something behind

text: Sean Rowe

text: Early life[edit]

text: Born and raised in Troy, New York, Rowe started playing music at an early age. He received a bass guitar from his father on his 12th birthday and performed in a local band.[2] After receiving an acoustic guitar as a gift from his uncle, Rowe began playing solo.[1]

text: He wrote his first song at the age of seven on a Fisher-Price typewriter after listening to Survivor's "Eye of the Tiger."[3] Rowe started seriously writing songs when he was 18.[3][4] The first complete song that he wrote was called "Turtle," which was inspired by his friend and singer-songwriter Jeanne French.[3]

text: At the age of 17, Rowe discovered Otis Redding and his song "Open The Door", which inspired him to begin singing.[3][5]

text: Nature[edit]

text: An avid naturalist, Rowe often speaks of his fascination with the woods and his connection to the land.[1][6][7][8]

text: After reading The Tracker by Tom Brown at the age of 18, Rowe started a blog about his experiences in the wilderness.[4][6][9] He later took courses at Tom Brown's Wilderness Survival School in Asbury, NJ.

text: In 2006, Rowe studied for a year at Hawk Circle Wilderness Education in Cherry Valley, NY, and completed a 24-day solo survival quest after his training.[1][6]

text: Rowe also studied under wild food author and expert, Samuel Thayer, and has partnered with Kawing Crow Awareness Center as a guest instructor for wilderness survival workshops and wild edible plant foraging.[6]

text: Since 2009, Rowe has contributed as a blogger to the Albany Times Union on topics concerning nature, wildlife and his music career.[6]

text: Career[edit]

text: Since 2003, Rowe played locally in his hometown at open mics, bars and cafes.[10] He began playing with percussionist Marco Haber, who played on a few tracks on his first album "27". Shortly thereafter they began playing under the name Mudfunk and recorded a live album, Live at the Grind, as well as a single of "Wrong Side of the Bed." The latter would be re-recorded for Sean's solo album, Magic, without Haber and with different instrumentation. He recorded his album, Magic, at Collar City Sound and released it through Collar City Records on April 21, 2009.[1][6] In 2009, Rowe was asked to open for Noah and the Whale in the United Kingdom.[1] Soon after, Sean signed with ANTI- Records, which re-released Magic on February 22, 2011,[11] and released The Salesman and the Shark on August 28, 2012. On March 4, Sean played his new release, "Downwind", on Jimmy Kimmel Live. The movie The Accountant with actor Ben Affleck (2016) features Sean Rowe's song "To Leave Something Behind"

text: Discography[edit]

text: Albums[edit]

text: Mudfunk[edit]

text: 2006: Live at the Grind

text: Solo[edit]

text:
2004: 27
2009: Magic
2011: Magic re-release
2012: The Salesman and the Shark
2014: Madman
2017: New Lore

text: Live[edit]

text:
2011: Live Morning Becomes Eclectic – KCRW
2012: Live Mercury Lounge, NYC, NY USA

text: EPs[edit]

text:
2015: Her Songs
2016: All We Can Do

text: Singles[edit]

text:
2006: Mudfunk – "Wrong Side of the Bed"
2012: "Downwind"
2013: "To Leave Something Behind"