document_title: List of Cleveland Browns seasons

question_text: when was the last time browns had a winning record

text: List of Cleveland Browns seasons

text: The Cleveland Browns were a charter member club of the All-America Football Conference (AAFC) when the league was founded in 1946. From 1946 to 1949, the Browns won each of the league's four championships. The National Football League (NFL) does not recognize the Browns' AAFC championships; however, the Pro Football Hall of Fame does recognize the team's championships, which is reflected in this list. When the AAFC folded in 1949, the Browns were absorbed into the NFL in 1950. The Browns went on to win three NFL championships, nearly dominating the NFL in the 1950s, and won one more NFL championship in 1964. The team has yet to appear in a Super Bowl, however. Overall, the team has won eight championships: four in the AAFC, and four in the NFL.

text: In 1996, then-Browns owner Art Modell made the decision to move the team from Cleveland, Ohio to Baltimore, Maryland. An agreement between the city of Cleveland and the NFL kept the team's history, name and colors in Cleveland, while Modell's new team would be regarded as an expansion team. The Baltimore Ravens would begin play in 1996, and the Browns would return to the league in 1999. For record-keeping purposes, the Browns are considered to have suspended operations from 1996 to 1998, which is reflected in this list. The Cleveland Browns are the second team in NFL History to reach an 0-16 record.

text: For a complete team history, see History of the Cleveland Browns.

text:
AAFC champions[1] (1946–1949)
NFL champions (1950–1969)
Super Bowl champions[2] (1970–present)
Conference champions
Division champions
Wild Card berth

text:
Season
Team
League
Conference
Division
Regular season results
Postseason results
Awards

Finish
Wins
Losses
Ties

All-America Football Conference

1946
1946
AAFC

Western
1st
12
2
0
Won AAFC championship (1) (Yankees) 14–9

1947
1947
AAFC

Western
1st
12
1
1
Won AAFC championship (2) (at Yankees) 14–3

1948
1948
AAFC

Western
1st
14
0
0
Won AAFC championship (3) (Bills) 49–7

1949
1949
AAFC

1st
9
1
2
Won AAFC playoff game (Bills) 31–21
Won AAFC championship (4) (49ers) 21–7
Paul Brown (COY)

National Football League (1950–1995; 1999–present)

1950
1950
NFL
American

T-1st[3]
10
2
0
Won Conference Playoffs (Giants) 8–3
Won NFL Championship (5) (Rams) 30–28

1951
1951
NFL
American

1st
11
1
0
Lost NFL Championship (at Rams) 17–24
Paul Brown (COY)
Otto Graham (MVP)

1952
1952
NFL
American

1st
8
4
0
Lost NFL Championship (Lions) 7–17

1953
1953
NFL
Eastern

1st
11
1
0
Lost NFL Championship (at Lions) 16–17
Paul Brown (COY)
Otto Graham (MVP)

1954
1954
NFL
Eastern

1st
9
3
0
Won NFL Championship (6) (Lions) 56–10

1955
1955
NFL
Eastern

1st
9
2
1
Won NFL Championship (7) (at Rams) 38–14
Otto Graham (MVP)

1956
1956
NFL
Eastern

T-4th[4]
5
7
0

1957
1957
NFL
Eastern

1st
9
2
1
Lost NFL Championship (at Lions) 14–59
Paul Brown (COY)
Jim Brown (MVP, ROY)

1958
1958
NFL
Eastern

T-1st[5]
9
3
0
Lost Conference Playoffs (at Giants) 0–10
Jim Brown (MVP)

1959
1959
NFL
Eastern

T-2nd[6]
7
5
0

1960
1960
NFL
Eastern

2nd
8
3
1

1961
1961
NFL
Eastern

3rd
8
5
1

1962
1962
NFL
Eastern

3rd
7
6
1

1963
1963
NFL
Eastern

2nd
10
4
0

Jim Brown (BBA, MVP)

1964
1964
NFL
Eastern

1st
10
3
1
Won NFL Championship (8)[7] (Colts) 27–0

1965
1965
NFL
Eastern

1st
11
3
0
Lost NFL Championship (at Packers) 12–23
Jim Brown (MVP, MVP)

1966
1966
NFL
Eastern

T-2nd[8]
9
5
0

1967
1967
NFL
Eastern
Century
1st
9
5
0
Lost Conference Championship (at Cowboys) 14–52

1968
1968
NFL
Eastern
Century
1st
10
4
0
Won Conference Championship (Cowboys) 31–20
Lost NFL Championship (Colts) 0–34
Leroy Kelly (MVP)

1969
1969
NFL
Eastern
Century
1st
10
3
1
Won Conference Championship (at Cowboys) 38–14
Lost NFL Championship (at Vikings) 7–27

1970
1970
NFL
AFC
Central
2nd
7
7
0

1971
1971
NFL
AFC
Central
1st
9
5
0
Lost Divisional Playoffs (Colts) 3–20

1972
1972
NFL
AFC
Central
2nd
10
4
0
Lost Divisional Playoffs (at Dolphins) 14–20

1973
1973
NFL
AFC
Central
3rd
7
5
2

1974
1974
NFL
AFC
Central
4th
4
10
0

1975
1975
NFL
AFC
Central
4th
3
11
0

1976
1976
NFL
AFC
Central
2nd
9
5
0

Forrest Gregg (COY)

1977
1977
NFL
AFC
Central
4th
6
8
0

1978[9]
1978
NFL
AFC
Central
3rd
8
8
0

1979
1979
NFL
AFC
Central
3rd
9
7
0

Sam Rutigliano (COY)

1980
1980
NFL
AFC
Central
1st
11
5
0
Lost Divisional Playoffs (Raiders) 12–14[10]
Sam Rutigliano (COY)
Brian Sipe (MVP, MVP, POY)

1981
1981
NFL
AFC
Central
4th
5
11
0

1982[11]
1982
NFL
AFC

8th
4
5
0
Lost First Round Playoffs (at Raiders) 10–27
Chip Banks (Def. ROY)

1983
1983
NFL
AFC
Central
2nd
9
7
0

1984
1984
NFL
AFC
Central
3rd
5
11
0

1985
1985
NFL
AFC
Central
1st
8
8
0
Lost Divisional Playoffs (at Dolphins) 21–24
Kevin Mack (ROY)

1986
1986
NFL
AFC
Central
1st
12
4
0
Won Divisional Playoffs (Jets 23–20) (2 OT)
Lost AFC Championship[12] (Broncos) 20–23 (OT)
Marty Schottenheimer (COY)

1987[13]
1987
NFL
AFC
Central
1st
10
5
0
Won Divisional Playoffs (Colts) 38–21
Lost AFC Championship[14] (at Broncos) 33–38

1988
1988
NFL
AFC
Central
2nd[15]
10
6
0
Lost Wild Card Playoffs (Oilers) 23–24

1989
1989
NFL
AFC
Central
1st
9
6
1
Won Divisional Playoffs (Bills) 34–30
Lost AFC Championship[16] (at Broncos) 21–37
Michael Dean Perry (Def. POY)

1990
1990
NFL
AFC
Central
4th
3
13
0

1991
1991
NFL
AFC
Central
3rd
6
10
0

1992
1992
NFL
AFC
Central
3rd
7
9
0

1993
1993
NFL
AFC
Central
3rd
7
9
0

1994
1994
NFL
AFC
Central
2nd
11
5
0
Won Wild Card Playoffs (Patriots) 20–13
Lost Divisional Playoffs (at Steelers) 9–29

1995
1995
NFL
AFC
Central
4th
5
11
0

1996
Inactive from 1996 to 1998

1997

1998

1999
1999
NFL
AFC
Central
6th
2
14
0

2000
2000
NFL
AFC
Central
6th
3
13
0

2001
2001
NFL
AFC
Central
3rd[17]
7
9
0

2002
2002
NFL
AFC
North
2nd
9
7
0
Lost Wild Card Playoffs (at Steelers) 33–36

2003
2003
NFL
AFC
North
4th
5
11
0

2004
2004
NFL
AFC
North
4th
4
12
0

2005
2005
NFL
AFC
North
4th[18]
6
10
0

2006
2006
NFL
AFC
North
4th
4
12
0

2007
2007
NFL
AFC
North
2nd[19]
10
6
0

2008
2008
NFL
AFC
North
4th
4
12
0

2009
2009
NFL
AFC
North
4th
5
11
0

2010
2010
NFL
AFC
North
3rd
5
11
0

2011
2011
NFL
AFC
North
4th
4
12
0

2012
2012
NFL
AFC
North
4th
5
11
0

2013
2013
NFL
AFC
North
4th
4
12
0

2014
2014
NFL
AFC
North
4th
7
9
0

2015
2015
NFL
AFC
North
4th
3
13
0

2016
2016
NFL
AFC
North
4th
1
15
0

2017
2017
NFL
AFC
North
4th
0
16
0

Totals
4 AAFC championships
4 NFL championships
12 conference titles
9 NFL division titles

47
4
3
All-America Football Conference regular season results[20]

5
0
0
AAFC postseason results

462
482
10
National Football League regular season results[20]

11
20
0
NFL postseason results[20]

525
506
13
AAFC and NFL regular and postseason results

text: Footnotes[edit]

text:
Jump up ^ The NFL does not recognize the Browns' AAFC championships. For the purposes of this list, however, they are included in final totals.
Jump up ^ The Browns are one of only four teams to have never appeared in a Super Bowl. The other three teams are the Detroit Lions, the Houston Texans, and the Jacksonville Jaguars.
Jump up ^ At the end of the 1950 NFL season, the Browns and Giants had identical 10–2–0 records. To determine the team that would play in the NFL Championship Game, the NFL held a one-game conference playoff. The Browns won, 8–3.
Jump up ^ At the end of the 1956 season, the Browns and the Steelers ended the season with identical 5–7 records. There were no tie-breaking procedures, so the teams ended the season tied.
Jump up ^ At the end of the 1958 NFL season, the Browns and Giants had identical 9–3–0 records. To determine the team that would play in the NFL Championship Game, the NFL held a one-game conference playoff. The Giants shut the Browns out 10–0.
Jump up ^ At the end of the 1959 season, the Browns and the Eagles ended the season with identical 5–7 records. There were no tie-breaking procedures, so the teams ended the season tied.
Jump up ^ The Browns' championship win in 1964 is the second most recent championship won by any sports team from the Cleveland area. The most recent being the Cleveland Cavaliers Championship win over the Golden State Warriors in 2016.
Jump up ^ At the end of the 1966 season, the Browns and the Eagles ended the season with identical 9–5 records. There were no tie-breaking procedures, so the teams ended the season tied.
Jump up ^ For the 1978 season, the NFL expanded from a 14-game season to a 16-game season.
Jump up ^ This game involved the play Red Right 88 in its final minutes.
Jump up ^ The 1982 NFL season was shortened from 16 games per team to 9 games because of a players' strike. The NFL adopted a special 16-team playoff tournament; eight teams from each conference were seeded 1–8, and division standings were ignored.
Jump up ^ The 1987 Conference Championship game between the Browns and the Broncos is best remembered for The Drive, in which quarterback John Elway, over the span of 5 minutes and 2 seconds, lead the Broncos on a 98-yard drive to tie the game with 37 seconds remaining in regulation. The Broncos won the game in overtime with a field goal, 23–20.
Jump up ^ The 1987 NFL season was shortened from 16 games per team to 15 games because of a players' strike. Games to be played during the third week of the season were canceled, and replacement players were used to play games from weeks 4 through 6.
Jump up ^ The 1988 Conference Championship game between the Browns and the Broncos is best remembered for The Fumble, in which, while on a potentially game-winning drive, the Browns' running back Ernest Byner fumbled the ball at the Broncos 3-yard line with 65 seconds remaining on the clock. The Broncos recovered the ball, allowed the Browns to get an intentional safety, and won the game, 38–33.
Jump up ^ At the end of the 1988 season, the Browns and the Oilers ended the season with identical 10–6 records. Using the NFL's tie-breaking procedures, Cleveland finished ahead of Houston based on a better division record.
Jump up ^ The 1990 Conference Championship game between the Browns and the Broncos marked the third time in four years that John Elway defeated Bernie Kosar and the Browns in the AFC championship game.
Jump up ^ At the end of the 2001 season, the Browns and the Titans ended the season with identical 7–9 records. Using the NFL's tie-breaking procedures, Cleveland finished ahead of Tennessee based on a better division record.
Jump up ^ At the end of the 2005 season, the Browns and the Ravens ended the season with identical 6–10 records. Using the NFL's tie-breaking procedures, Baltimore finished ahead of Cleveland based on a better division record.
Jump up ^ At the end of the 2007 season, the Browns and the Pittsburgh Steelers ended the season with identical 10–6 records. Using the NFL's tie-breaking procedures, the Steelers finished ahead of the Browns based on winning both games against the Browns during the season.
^ Jump up to: a b c "Cleveland Browns Team Encyclopedia - Pro-Football-Reference.com". pro-football-reference.com. Retrieved 14 January 2017.

tag: ol


document_title: The Lego Movie

question_text: who is morgan freeman in the lego movie

question_tokens: who is morgan freeman in the lego movie

root

text: The Lego Movie

text: Plot[edit]

text: In a Lego world populated by anthropomorphic minifigures, the evil Lord Business finds a super weapon called the "Kragle". The wizard Vitruvius attempts to stop him, but is blinded by Business' robots. Before Business leaves with the weapon, Vitruvius prophesies that a person called "the Special" will find the Piece of Resistance, a brick capable of stopping the Kragle.

tag: p

text: Eight and a half years later, construction worker Emmet Brickowski finds a woman called Wyldstyle searching for something at his construction site after hours. When he investigates, Emmet falls into a hole and finds the Piece of Resistance. Compelled to touch it, Emmet experiences vivid visions and passes out. He awakens with the Piece of Resistance attached to his back, in the custody of Bad Cop, Lord Business's lieutenant. Wyldstyle rescues Emmett, believing him to be the Special, and takes him to meet Vitruvius in the Old West. Emmet learns that Wyldstyle and Vitruvius are "Master Builders"[7]—people capable of building anything from their imagination without the need of instructions—who oppose Business. Wyldstyle explains Business wants to use the Kragle, a tube of Krazy Glue with a weathered label, to freeze the world into perfection. Though disappointed to find Emmet is not a Master Builder, Wyldstyle and Vitruvius are convinced of his potential when he recalls visions of a seemingly human deity referred to as "the Man Upstairs".

text: Emmet, Wyldstyle, and Vitruvius evade Bad Cop's forces with the aid of Batman, Wyldstyle's boyfriend. They go to the hidden Cloud Cuckoo Land, a realm where minifigures can create whatever they desire, to attend a council of Master Builders, all of whom are unimpressed with Emmet and refuse to fight Business. Bad Cop's forces attack, having placed a tracking device on Emmett, and capture everyone except Emmet and a small team of Master Builders. Escaping, Emmet devises a plan to infiltrate Business's office tower and disarm the Kragle, but the group is captured and imprisoned in the Think Tank, where all the Master Builders are forced to make instructions. Trying to retaliate, Vitruvius is decapitated by Business, who sets a self-destruct protocol and leaves everyone to die, including Bad Cop. As he dies, Vitruvius reveals he made up the prophecy. He soon reappears to Emmet as a ghost and tells him that his belief makes him the Special. Strapped to the self-destruct mechanism's battery, Emmet jumps into the abyss outside the tower and severs the connection, saving his friends. Inspired by Emmet's sacrifice, Wyldstyle rallies the Lego people across the universe to use whatever creativity they have to build machines and weapons to fight against Lord Business's forces.

text: Emmet finds himself in the human world as a Lego minifigure unable to move. The events of the story are being played out by a little boy named Finn on his father's expansive Lego set in their basement. His father—"the Man Upstairs"—comes home from work and chastises his son for ruining the set by creating variations of different playsets, and proceeds to permanently rebuild and glue his perceived perfect creations together. Realizing the danger his friends are in, Emmet wills himself to move and gains Finn's attention. Finn returns Emmet and the Piece of Resistance to the set, where Emmet now possesses the powers of a Master Builder and confronts Business. Meanwhile, Finn's father looks at his son's creations and realizes that Finn had based the villainous Business on him and his perfectionism. Through a speech Emmet gives Business, Finn tells his father that he is special and has the power to change everything. Finn reconciles with his father, which plays out as Business having a change of heart, capping the Kragle, and ungluing his victims with mineral spirits. Emmet is hailed as a hero, and begins a relationship with Wyldstyle with Batman's blessing.

text: As a result of Finn's father allowing Finn's younger sister to join them in playing with his Lego sets, aliens from the planet Duplon beam down and announce their plans to destroy them.

text: Cast[edit]

text:
Chris Pratt as Emmet Brickowski, an everyman and construction worker from Bricksburg
Will Ferrell as Lord Business, president of the Octan Corporation under the name President Business[8][9]

Ferrell also plays "The Man Upstairs," a Lego collector in the live-action part of the film

Elizabeth Banks as Lucy/Wyldstyle, a Master Builder
Will Arnett as Bruce Wayne / Batman, a DC Comics superhero who is a Master Builder
Nick Offerman as Metal Beard, a giant makeshift pirate and Master Builder[9]
Alison Brie as Princess Unikitty, a unicorn-horned kitten and Master Builder from Cloud Cuckoo Land[9][10]
Charlie Day as Benny, a "1980-something space guy" who is a Master Builder[8]
Liam Neeson as Bad Cop / Good Cop, a double-headed police officer that leads the Super Secret Police

Neeson also voices Pa Cop, Bad Cop/Good Cop's father

Morgan Freeman as Vitruvius, a blind old wizard who is one of the Master Builders
Channing Tatum as Clark Kent / Superman, a DC Comics superhero who is one of the Master Builders
Jonah Hill as Hal Jordan / Green Lantern, a DC Comics superhero who is one of the Master Builders
Cobie Smulders as Diana Prince / Wonder Woman, a DC Comics superhero who is one of the Master Builders
Jadon Sand as Finn, The Man Upstairs' young son in the live-action part of the film

tag: ul

text: In addition, Anthony Daniels and Billy Dee Williams reprise their Star Wars roles as C-3PO and Lando Calrissian respectively, with Keith Ferguson voicing Han Solo (whom he previously voiced in Robot Chicken and Mad). Shaquille O'Neal voices a Lego version of himself who is a Master Builder alongside two generic members of the 2002 NBA All-Stars.

text: Will Forte, Dave Franco, Jake Johnson, Keegan-Michael Key, Chris McKay, and Jorma Taccone provide voice cameos in the film.

text: Co-director Christopher Miller cameos as a TV presenter in the studio that films the Where Are My Pants? TV series.

text: Production[edit]

text: Dan Lin conceived of the idea for the film and began discussing it with Roy Lee before leaving Warner Bros. to form his own production company, Lin Pictures, in 2008.[11] Meanwhile, Warner Bros. home entertainment executive Kevin Tsujihara had recognized the value of the Lego franchise by engineering the studio's purchase of Lego video game licensee Traveller's Tales in 2007, thought the success of the Lego-based video games indicated a Lego-based film was a good idea, and reportedly "championed" the development of the film.[11][12] By August 2009, Dan and Kevin Hageman were writing the script described as "action adventure set in a Lego world."[13] Cloudy with a Chance of Meatballs directors Phil Lord and Christopher Miller were in talks in June 2010 to write and direct the film.[14] Warner Bros. green-lit the film by November 2011, with a planned 2014 release date. The Australian studio Animal Logic was contracted to provide the animation, which was expected to comprise 80% of the film. By this time Chris McKay, the director of Robot Chicken, had also joined Lord and Miller to co-direct.[15] McKay explained that his role was to supervise the production in Australia once Lord and Miller left to work on 22 Jump Street.[16] In March 2012, Lord and Miller revealed the film's working title, Lego: The Piece of Resistance, and a storyline.[17] In April 2012, Warner Bros. scheduled the film for release on February 28, 2014, a date that subsequently changed.[18]

text:
"We wanted to make the film feel like the way you play, the way I remember playing. We wanted to make it feel as epic and ambitious and self-serious as a kid feels when they play with LEGO. We took something you could claim is the most cynical cash grab in cinematic history, basically a 90 minute LEGO commercial, and turned it into a celebration of creativity, fun and invention, in the spirit of just having a good time and how ridiculous it can look when you make things up. And we had fun doing it.'"

 —Animation supervisor Chris McKay[16]

tag: div

text: By June 2012, Chris Pratt had been cast as the voice of Emmet, the lead Lego character, and Will Arnett voicing Lego Batman; the role of Lego Superman was offered to Channing Tatum.[19] By August 2012, Elizabeth Banks was hired to voice Lucy (later getting the alias "Wyldstyle")[8] and Morgan Freeman to voice Vitruvius, an old mystic.[19][20] In October 2012, Warner Bros. shifted the release date for the film, simply titled Lego, to February 7, 2014.[21] In November 2012, Alison Brie, Will Ferrell, Liam Neeson, and Nick Offerman signed on for roles. Brie voices Unikitty, a member of Emmet's team; Ferrell voices the antagonist President/Lord Business; Neeson voices Bad Cop; and Offerman voices Metal Beard,[22] a pirate seeking revenge on Business.[21]

text: In July 2012, a Lego-user contest announced on the film's Facebook page would choose a winning Lego vehicle to appear in the film.[23] Miller's childhood Space Village playset is utilized in the film.[24]

text: Animal Logic tried to make the film's animation replicate a stop motion film even if everything was done through computer graphics, with the animation rigs following the same articulation limits actual Lego figures have. The camera systems also tried to replicate live action cinematography, including different lenses and a Steadicam simulator. The scenery was projected through The Lego Group's own Lego Digital Designer, which as CG supervisor Aidan Sarsfield detailed, "uses the official LEGO Brick Library and effectively simulates the connectivity of each of the bricks." The saved files were then converted to design and animate in Maya and XSI. At times the minifigures were even placed under microscopes to capture the seam lines, dirt and grime into the digital textures.[25] Benny the spaceman was based on the line of Lego space sets sold in the 1980s, and his design includes the broken helmet chin strap, a common defect of the space sets at that time.[26]

text: The film's total cost, including production, promotion and advertising (P&A), was $100 million.[27] Half of the film's cost was financed by Village Roadshow Pictures.[27] The rest was covered by Warner Bros., with RatPac-Dune Entertainment providing a smaller share as part of its multi-year financing agreement with Warner Bros.[28] Initially Warner Bros. turned down Village Roadshow Pictures when it asked to invest in the film.[27] However, Warner Bros. later changed its mind, reportedly due to lack of confidence in the film, initially offering Village Roadshow Pictures the opportunity to finance 25% of the film, and later, an additional 25%.[27]

text: Release[edit]

text: The Lego Movie premiered at the Regency Village Theatre in Los Angeles, California on February 1, 2014, and was released in theaters on February 7, 2014.[29] The film was released in Australia by the film's co-producer, Roadshow Films.[30]

text: Marketing[edit]

text: Over twenty Lego sets inspired by scenes from the film were released for the film including a set of Collectible Minifigures. A website was opened up so fans could make minifigure versions of themselves, and later, put that in the film's official trailer. The company recruited a roster of global partners to a broad, multi-category licensing program to support the film.[31][32] Official Lego Brand Stores also scheduled events. Each week of January 2014, a new character poster (Wyldstyle, Batman, Emmet, Lord Business) came with every purchase.[33] By building a creative model in-store, people received a free accessory pack. Barnes & Noble hosted a themed event in January, February, and March.[34] On February 7, 2014, McDonald's released eight collectible holographic/3D cups in Happy Meals to promote the film.[35] A video game based on the film, The Lego Movie Videogame, by TT Fusion for Xbox 360, Xbox One, PlayStation 3, PlayStation 4, Wii U, Nintendo 3DS, PlayStation Vita, and Windows, was released on February 4, 2014.[36] An exclusive "Wild West Emmet" minifigure was released with preorders of the game at GameStop.[37]

text: Home media[edit]

text: The Lego Movie was released on Digital HD on May 20, 2014. It was released by Warner Home Video on DVD and Blu-ray (2D and 3D) on June 17, 2014. A special Blu-ray 3D "Everything is Awesome Edition" also includes an exclusive Vitruvius minifigure and a collectible 3D Emmett photo.[38]

text: Reception[edit]

text: Critical reception[edit]

text: The Lego Movie was met with "nearly unanimous positive reviews."[39] Review-aggregation website Rotten Tomatoes reported a 96% approval rating with an average rating of 8.2/10 based on 226 reviews. The website's consensus reads, "Boasting beautiful animation, a charming voice cast, laugh-a-minute gags, and a surprisingly thoughtful story, The Lego Movie is colorful fun for all ages."[40] On Metacritic, which assigns a normalized rating out of 100 based on reviews from critics, the film has a score of 83 (indicating "universal acclaim") based on 43 reviews.[41] According to CinemaScore polls conducted during the opening weekend, the average grade cinemagoers gave The Lego Movie was A on an A+ to F scale.[42] Filmmaker Edgar Wright, and TIME Magazine film critic Richard Corliss, each named The Lego Movie as one of their favorite films of 2014.[43][44]

text: Michael Rechtshaffen of The Hollywood Reporter wrote, "Arriving at a time when feature animation was looking and feeling mighty anemic...The LEGO Movie shows 'em how it's done,"[45] with Peter Debruge of Variety adding that Lord and Miller "irreverently deconstruct the state of the modern blockbuster and deliver a smarter, more satisfying experience in its place, emerging with a fresh franchise for others to build upon."[46] Tom Huddleston of Time Out said, "The script is witty, the satire surprisingly pointed, and the animation tactile and imaginative."[47] Drew Hunt of the Chicago Reader said the filmmakers "fill the script with delightfully absurd one-liners and sharp pop culture references",[48] with A. O. Scott of The New York Times noting that, "Pop-culture jokes ricochet off the heads of younger viewers to tickle the world-weary adults in the audience, with just enough sentimental goo applied at the end to unite the generations. Parents will dab their eyes while the kids roll theirs."[49] Elizabeth Weitzman of the New York Daily News said the filmmakers "don't sink into cynicism. Their computer animation embraces the retro look and feel of the toys to both ingenious and adorable effect."[50]

text: Claudia Puig of USA Today called the film "a spirited romp through a world that looks distinctively familiar, and yet freshly inventive."[51] Liam Lacey of The Globe and Mail asked, "Can a feature-length toy commercial also work as a decent kids’ movie? The bombast of the G.I. Joe and Transformers franchises might suggest no, but after an uninspired year for animated movies, The Lego Movie is a 3-D animated film that connects."[52] Joel Arnold of NPR acknowledged that the film "may be one giant advertisement, but all the way to its plastic-mat foundation, it's an earnest piece of work—a cash grab with a heart."[53] Peter Travers of Rolling Stone called the film "sassy enough to shoot well-aimed darts at corporate branding."[54] Michael O'Sullivan of The Washington Post said that, "While clearly filled with affection for—and marketing tie-ins to—the titular product that's front and center, it's also something of a sharp plastic brick flung in the eye of its corporate sponsor."[55]

text: On the negative side, Kyle Smith of the New York Post called the film "more exhausting than fun, too unsure of itself to stick with any story thread for too long."[56] Moira MacDonald of The Seattle Times, while generally positive, found "it falls apart a bit near the end."[57] Alonso Duralde of The Wrap said the film "will doubtless tickle young fans of the toys. It's just too bad that a movie that encourages you to think for yourself doesn't follow its own advice."[58]

text: Television personality, author, filmmaker, radio host and conservative political commentator Glenn Beck praised the film for avoiding "the double meanings and adult humor I just hate."[59]

text: Oscar host Neil Patrick Harris referenced The Lego Movie not being nominated Best Animated Feature, which many critics considered a major snub, saying prior to the award's presentation "If you’re at the Oscar party with the guys who directed 'The Lego Movie,' now would be a great time to distract them."[60]

text: U.S. Senator Ron Johnson criticized the film's anti-corporate message, saying that it taught children that "government is good and business is bad", citing the villain's name of Lord Business. "That's done for a reason", Johnson told WisPolitics.com. "They're starting that propaganda, and it's insidious". The comments were criticized by many, and Russ Feingold brought up the comments on the campaign trail during his 2016 Senate bid against Johnson.[61]

text: Box office performance[edit]

text: The Lego Movie grossed $257.8 million in the U.S. and Canada, and $210.3 million internationally, for a worldwide total of $469.2 million.[4] Calculating in all expenses, Deadline.com estimated that the film made a profit of $229 million.[62]

text: In the U.S. and Canada, the film opened at number one in its first weekend with over $69 million, which was the second highest weekend debut in February, at the time, behind The Passion of the Christ ($83.8 million).[63] The movie retained the top spot at box office in its second weekend by declining only 28% and grossing $49.8 million.[64] The Lego Movie was number one again in its third weekend while declining 37% and grossing $31.3 million.[65] In its fourth weekend, the film dropped to number three grossing $20.8 million.[66]

text: Elsewhere, The Lego Movie was released in 34 markets in February 7, 2014—the same weekend as its U.S. release. It made $18.7 million on its opening weekend from 5,695 screens from 34 countries.[67] On its opening weekend, which varies depending on the country, it earned $3.8 million in Mexico, $2 million in Spain, $1.8 million in Brazil.[67] With a total gross of £34.3 million, it was the second highest-grossing film in the UK and Ireland in 2014.[68]

text: The popularity of the film led to a shortage of Lego products by September 2014.[69]

text: Accolades[edit]

text:
List of Accolades

Award / Film Festival
Category
Recipient(s)
Result

AACTA Awards
Best Visual Effects or Animation
Chris McKay, Amber Naismith, Aidan Sarsfield and Grant Freckelton
Won

Academy Awards
Best Original Song
"Everything is Awesome" written by Shawn Patterson
Nominated

American Cinema Editors
Best Edited Animated Feature Film
David Burrows, Chris McKay
Won

42nd Annual Annie Awards[70]
Best Animated Feature
The Lego Movie
Nominated

Animated Effects in an Animated Feature Production
Jayandera Danappal, Matt Ebb, Christian Epunan Hernandez, Danielle Brooks, and Raphael Gadot
Nominated

Directing in an Animated Feature Production
Phil Lord and Christopher Miller, Directors;
Chris McKay, Co-Director
Nominated

Production Design in an Animated Feature Production
Grant Freckelton
Nominated

Writing in an Animated Feature Production
Phil Lord and Christopher Miller
Won

Editorial in an Animated Feature Production
David Burrows, Todd Hansen, Doug Nicholas, Jonathan Tappin and Courtney O'Brien-Brown
Nominated

Austin Film Critics Association
Best Animated Film
The Lego Movie
Won

BAFTA Awards[71]
Best Animated Film
The Lego Movie
Won

Black Reel Awards
Best Voice Performance
Morgan Freeman
Won

45th Annual British Academy Children's Awards[72]
Kid's Vote — Film in 2014
The Lego Movie
Nominated

Children's Feature Film in 2014
The Lego Movie
Won

Broadcast Film Critics Association
Best Animated Feature
The Lego Movie
Won

Best Song
"Everything Is Awesome"
Nominated

Chicago Film Critics Association
Best Animated Feature
The Lego Movie
Won

Dallas-Fort Worth Film Critics Association
Best Animated Film
The Lego Movie
Won

Dublin Film Critics Circle
Top Ten Films
The Lego Movie
4th Place

Empire Awards
Best Comedy
Nominated

Florida Film Critics Circle
Best Animated Film
Won

Golden Globe Awards
Best Animated Feature Film
Nominated

Golden Tomato Awards 2014
Best Animated Film
Won

Best Wide Release 2014
2nd Place

Grammy Awards
Best Song Written for Visual Media
"Everything Is Awesome"
Nominated

Heartland Film Festival 2014[73]
Truly Moving Picture Award
Phil Lord and Christopher Miller
Won

Houston Film Critics Society
Best Animated Feature Film
The Lego Movie
Won

Best Original Song
"Everything is Awesome"
Won

Kerrang! Awards
Best Film
The Lego Movie
Won

Kids' Choice Awards
Favorite Animated Movie
The Lego Movie
Nominated

Favorite Movie Actor
Will Arnett (also for Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles)
Nominated

National Board of Review
Best Original Screenplay
Phil Lord and Christopher Miller
Won

Top Ten Films
The Lego Movie
Won

New York Film Critics Circle Awards[74]
Best Animated Film
The Lego Movie
Won

New York Film Critics Online
Best Animated Film
The Lego Movie
Won

Online Film Critics Society
Best Picture
The Lego Movie
Nominated

Best Animated Feature
The Lego Movie
Won

People's Choice Awards[75]
Favorite Family Movie
The Lego Movie
Nominated

Producers Guild of America
Best Outstanding Producer of Animated Theatrical Motion Pictures
Dan Lin
Won

San Diego Film Critics Society
Best Animated
The Lego Movie
Nominated

San Francisco Film Critics Circle[76]
Best Animated Feature
The Lego Movie
Won

Satellite Awards
Best Motion Picture Animated or Mixed Media
The Lego Movie
Nominated

Best Original Screenplay
Phil Lord and Christopher Miller
Nominated

Best Original Song
"Everything Is Awesome"
Nominated

Saturn Awards
Best Animated Film
The Lego Movie
Won

St. Louis Gateway Film Critics Association
Best Animated Film
The Lego Movie
Won

16th SXSW Film Festival[77]
SXSW Film Design Award
(Special Jury Recognition)
Brian Mah (Designer)
Won

Teen Choice Awards[78]
Choice Movie: Animated
The Lego Movie
Nominated

Choice Movie: Voice
Chris Pratt

Toronto Film Critics Association
Best Animated Feature
The Lego Movie
Runner-Up

Washington D.C. Area Film Critics Association[79]
Best Animated Feature
The Lego Movie
Won

Best Original Screenplay
Phil Lord and Christopher Miller
Nominated

tag: table

text: Soundtrack[edit]

text:
The Lego Movie: Original Motion Picture Soundtrack

Soundtrack album by Mark Mothersbaugh, various artists

Released
February 4, 2014

Recorded
2013
Trackdown Studios (Sydney)

Genre
Film soundtrack, film score

Length
58:10

Label
WaterTower Music

Producer
Mark Mothersbaugh, Shawn Patterson, Bartholomew

Mark Mothersbaugh chronology

Last Vegas
(2013)Last Vegas2013
The Lego Movie
(2014)
22 Jump Street
(2014)22 Jump Street2014

Singles from The Lego Movie: Original Motion Picture Soundtrack

"Everything Is Awesome"
Released: January 27, 2014

text: The film's original score was composed by Mark Mothersbaugh, who had previously worked with Lord and Miller on Cloudy with a Chance of Meatballs and 21 Jump Street. The Lego Movie soundtrack contains the score as the majority of its tracks. Also included is the song "Everything Is Awesome!!!" written by Shawn Patterson (El Tigre: The Adventures of Manny Rivera and Robot Chicken), Joshua Bartholomew[80] and Lisa Harriton,[81] who also perform the song in the movie under the name, Jo Li. The single, released on January 27, 2014, is performed by Tegan and Sara featuring The Lonely Island (Andy Samberg, Akiva Schaffer and Jorma Taccone) who wrote the rap lyrics, and is the first song played in the end credits of the movie. The soundtrack was released on February 4, 2014 by WaterTower Music.[82]

text:
No.
Title
Performer(s)
Length

1.
"Everything Is Awesome!!!"
Tegan and Sara featuring The Lonely Island
2:43

2.
"Prologue"

2:28

3.
"Emmett's Morning"

1:59

4.
"Emmett Falls in Love"

1:11

5.
"Escape"

3:27

6.
"Into the Old West"

1:00

7.
"Wyldstyle Explains"

1:21

8.
"Emmett's Mind"

2:17

9.
"The Transformation"

1:46

10.
"Saloons and Wagons"

3:38

11.
"Batman"

1:23

12.
"Middle Zealand"

0:28

13.
"Cloud Cuckooland and Ben the Spaceman"

1:25

14.
"Emmett's Speech"

2:02

15.
"Submarines and Metal Beard"

1:49

16.
"Requiem for Cuckooland"

1:23

17.
"Reaching the Kragle"

2:35

18.
"Emmett's Plan"

1:54

19.
"The Truth"

3:16

20.
"Wyldstyle Leads"

2:46

21.
"Let's Put It All Back"

2:02

22.
"I Am a Master Builder"

2:48

23.
"My Secret Weapon"

4:19

24.
"We Did It!"

1:31

25.
"Everything Is Awesome!!!"
Jo Li (Joshua Bartholomew and Lisa Harriton)
1:26

26.
"Everything Is Awesome!!! (unplugged)"
Shawn Patterson and Sammy Allen
1:24

27.
"Untitled Self Portrait"
Will Arnett
1:08

28.
"Everything Is Awesome!!! (instrumental sing-a-long)"

2:41

Total length:
58:10

text:
Chart positions

Chart (2014)
Peak
position

Australian Albums (ARIA)[83]
82

UK Independent Album Breakers (OCC)[84]
8

US Billboard 200[85]
37

US Independent Albums (Billboard)[85]
8

US Top Soundtracks (Billboard)[85]
2

text: Theme song[edit]

text: The film's theme song, "Everything is Awesome!!!", has been critically praised and has undergone some close analysis. Eric Brown, writing in the International Business Times, describes the song as a parody of fascism, saying that the song "seems little more than an infectiously catchy parody of watered-down radio pop, right down to the faux-dubstep breakdown. There's a lot more happening under the surface, however."[86] In an interview with Fox News, producer Mark Mothersbaugh says the song "was supposed to be like mind control early in the film. It's totally irritating, this kind of mindless mantra to get people up and working."[87]

text: Expanded franchise[edit]

text: Because of its critical and commercial success, The Lego Movie has been turned into a franchise and a shared fictional universe. It consists of two spin-off films, The Lego Batman Movie and The Lego Ninjago Movie, both with 2017 release dates,[88][89] a sequel scheduled for release in 2019,[90] and a third spin-off titled The Billion Brick Race.[91] A 4-D ride attraction, based on the film itself, titled The Lego Movie: 4D - A New Adventure, opened at select Legoland theme parks across the globe in the summer of 2016.[92]

text: On May 10, 2017, Warner Bros. and Lego announced that the character Unikitty would receive a spin-off television series on Cartoon Network, with Tara Strong voicing the character. The premiere date is yet to be announced.[93]


document_title: Lost in Space (2018 TV series)

question_text: who played penny in lost in space 2018

question_tokens: who played penny in lost in space 2018

text: Lost in Space (2018 TV series)

text: Premise[edit]

text: In the year 2048 the Robinson family is selected for the 24th mission of the Resolute, an interstellar spacecraft which will carry selected families to colonize a new world. The Resolute was built after a celestial object, dubbed "The Christmas Star" by the media, crashed into Earth a few years earlier, threatening humanity's survival on Earth. Before they reach their destination, an alien robot breaches the Resolute's hull. Some of the families are forced to evacuate the mothership in their short-range Jupiter spacecraft. The Robinsons and other colonists crash-land on a nearby habitable planet, where they battle the strange new environment and their own personal demons as they attempt to find a way back to the Resolute.[1]

text: Cast[edit]

text: Main[edit]

text:
Molly Parker as Maureen Robinson, a fearless and brilliant aerospace engineer taking her family on the mission to colonize Alpha Centauri for a new life on a better world. She is a mission commander. She is married to John Robinson and is the biological mother of all three children.[3]
Toby Stephens as John Robinson, a former U.S. Navy SEAL, and husband to Maureen. He is the biological father of Maureen's two youngest children.[4]
Maxwell Jenkins as Will Robinson, the 11-year-old son and youngest child of Maureen and John Robinson. He forms a tight bond with the Robot, whom he saves from destruction during a forest fire.[5]
Taylor Russell as Judy Robinson, Maureen's 18-year-old biracial daughter and eldest child. She is a mission doctor, having received accelerated medical training.[6][7]
Mina Sundwall as Penny Robinson, the 15-year-old daughter and middle Robinson child.[7][8]
Ignacio Serricchio as Don West, a mechanic who also smuggles luxury goods. He has a chicken named Debbie, which he claims to be lucky.[9]
Parker Posey as Dr. Smith. She is a criminal and a psychopath who uses other people's identities to claim their belongings. Dr. Smith, whose real name is June Harris, stole her sister Jessica's identity and place on the colony ship. There she impersonates a Dr. Zachary Smith, to take his seat on an evacuating Jupiter ship. After landing on the planet, Dr. Smith attempts to sabotage the Jupiters' chances of being rescued by the Resolute while manipulating and gaslighting the survivors to avoid prosecution for her crimes.[10] The theft of the doctor's identity is a reference to the corresponding Dr. Smith character of the original TV series.[11]
Brian Steele as the Robot,[12] an alien mechanoid being that Will encounters on the planet that his family crash lands on. The robot has a different form from the ones on the previous series and movie.[13]

text: Recurring[edit]

text: Introduced in Season 1[edit]

text:
Raza Jaffrey as Victor Dhar, an educated and officious man with a sense of entitlement. Victor has been a career-builder and politician from a young age. His arrogance and impatience masks an underlying fear that it will be discovered that he is not quite good enough.[14]
Ajay Friese as Vijay Dhar, Victor’s son and Penny’s love interest.
Cary-Hiroyuki Tagawa as Hiroki Watanabe, a scientist and friend of Maureen.
Kiki Sukezane as Aiko Watanabe, Hiroki’s daughter.
Yukari Komatsu as Naoko Watanabe, Hiroki’s wife.
Veenu Sandhu as Prisha Dhar, Victor's wife.
Sibongile Mlambo as Angela Goddard, a survivor struggling from post tramatic stress syndrome following her husband’s death during the Resolute attack.
Adam Greydon Reid as Peter Beckert, a survivor.
Amelia Burstyn as Diane, a survivor.
Iain Belcher as Evan, a survivor.
Shaun Parkes as Captain Radic, commander of the Resolute.

text: Guest[edit]

text:
Selma Blair as Jessica Harris, June's wealthy younger sister.
Bill Mumy as Dr. Zachary Smith, the real Dr. Smith, whose identity June steals.

text: Episodes[edit]

text: This section's plot summaries may be too long or excessively detailed. Please help improve them by removing unnecessary details and making them more concise. (May 2018) (Learn how and when to remove this template message)

text:
No.
Title
Directed by
Written by
Original release date

1
"Impact"
Neil Marshall
Matt Sazama & Burk Sharpless
April 13, 2018 (2018-04-13)

The spacecraft Resolute, a large ferris wheel style ship, is carrying colonists, including the Robinson family, to Alpha Centauri. The Resolute is attacked and colonists escape in their “family home” Jupiter landing crafts but are hurled into a wormhole, crash-landing on an Earth-like planet. The Robinsons' craft, Jupiter 2, crashes into a glacial bed. The family evacuates with some supplies before their craft sinks in rapidly freezing water. Eldest Robinson child, Judy, a doctor, dives to the ship to retrieve power equipment. She becomes encased in ice, and with five hours of oxygen left in Judy's suit, John and son, Will, set out to collect magnesium that will melt the ice. Judy guides her sister, Penny, through a medical procedure to treat their injured mother, Maureen. Inside a cave, Will falls down a chasm, landing at the edge of a forest. John radios Will, saying he will return after saving Judy. Alone, Will finds a crashed alien ship and a dismembered robot that he helps to self-repair. In return, it saves Will as a forest fire nearly engulfs them. The family attempt to free Judy, but a sudden rainstorm hinders their progress. Will and the Robot arrive, and the Robot rescues Judy. In a flashback scene, a woman steals the identity of Dr. Zachary Smith and boards a Jupiter landing craft, along with Don West and Tam Roughneck.

2
"Diamonds in the Sky"
Neil Marshall
Matt Sazama & Burk Sharpless
April 13, 2018 (2018-04-13)

Don West, Smith, and Debbie the chicken survive the Jupiter 18 landing. While looking for other survivors, they find Angela Goddard, who is barely alive. When a storm approaches, Don and Angela take cover while Smith heads out. Meanwhile, the robot melts more ice to allow the Robinsons to start the process of recovering the Jupiter 2. Maureen, John, Will and the robot hike to another Jupiter crash site and then later to the robot's ship. They leave Penny and Judy behind, instructing them how to carefully raise the ship out of the ice. Inside the alien ship, a holographic map of the planet is activated, showing John and Maureen they are in an unidentified galaxy. Outside, the robot touches the ship's hull, creating a mental connection to Will who learns what really happened on the Resolute. He decides to say nothing to his parents about the vision. When Penny sees the storm approaching and is unable to reach her parents to warn them, she raises the Jupiter 2 enough that the garage can be opened. She drives the ship's Chariot all-terrain vehicle to reach her family just in front of the storm. As they head back to Jupiter 2, they pass Don who sees them only to discover his flare gun is missing. The Robinsons see a flare and find Smith, who claims to be alone, returning with her to the Jupiter 2.

3
"Infestation"
Tim Southam
Zack Estrin
April 13, 2018 (2018-04-13)

In a flashback, Dr. Smith is revealed to be June Harris, the older, ex-con sister of Jess Harris, a successful businesswoman. Jess offers June her entire estate as she is leaving Earth, but June drugs Jess and assumes her sister's identity. Aboard the Resolute, she bumps into her sister's lover and there is a struggle ending in him getting blown out an airlock. June is arrested but escapes during the robot's attack. In the present, Maureen explains they are trillions of light years from Earth. At night, the ice layer over Jupiter 2 cracks, endangering the ship. They rush to complete repairs, but the engines are losing fuel. When Will and the robot discover large eel-like creatures in the conduits, the robot locks Will, along with Smith, in the storeroom for safety. The glacier shifts, which forces the crew to make an emergency take-off after flushing the eels from the engines. They escape with just enough fuel to land near a forest region. Comms pick up radio communication from other Jupiter survivors and also from Resolute, who are searching for survivors. Somebody hacks the onboard 3D printer to make a gun. Will finds it, and hides the gun under his mattress, unaware Smith is watching.

4
"The Robinsons Were Here"
Alice Troughton
Katherine Collins
April 13, 2018 (2018-04-13)

Stuck without fuel, the family initiates Jupiter 2’s colonization expansion protocol. Smith and Will discuss the robot, who does Will's bidding. Don West and Angela are rescued by the Watanabe family; Hiroki Watanabe reunites with John and Maureen at Jupiter 11 where Judy treats Angela. She tells Judy about the attack on Resolute. The Robinsons learn none of the other surviving families can fly due to the giant eels consuming fuel. John notices that one crash site is not a Jupiter ship. Maureen, John, and Don go there and discover the Resolute's comm dish. They realize the Resolute cannot hear them. Maureen also discovers contraband whiskey that Don smuggled aboard. Judy confronts Will about the robot, and he reveals he knew it attacked the Resolute. They decide to hide the robot in a nearby cave, unaware Smith is following them. On the way, they are spotted by Vijay Dhar, the son of another survivor group. Penny blackmails him to say nothing about the robot, having found and keeping an item he dropped. While away, Maureen and John discuss their marital problems. The next morning, the kids return to Jupiter 2 before their parents arrive. Smith talks to the robot inside the cave, attempting to instill distrust in it about Will. When John and Maureen return home, the kids tell them that the robot wandered away.

5
"Transmission"
Deborah Chow
Kari Drake
April 13, 2018 (2018-04-13)

The surviving colonists build a light tower to try to signal the Resolute. Maureen, noticing strange weather phenomena, conducts an experiment using a weather balloon. She discovers the sun is paired with a deadly black hole, and that the disturbances will only get worse until the planet is entirely unhabitable. Will ignores Penny and Judy's advice to tell their father about the Robot. Penny develops a crush on Vijay, flirting with him as they move supplies. Don confronts Dr. Smith about the stolen flare gun, though she claims she took it by mistake. In a flashback, Maureen and the kids discuss pros versus cons of going to Alpha Centauri. Judy and Don discuss his smuggling activities. He also reveals his suspicions about Dr. Smith's identity. Judy confronts Dr. Smith about this, but she lies and instead casts doubt on Don. When the colonists activate the light signal, Dr. Smith sneaks away and shuts off the perimeter fence, allowing a large reptilian creature to enter the camp and destroy the light tower. Smith tells John about the kids hiding the robot. When another creature shows up, Dr. Smith tells Will to call the robot. It does save the survivors, but only after Will tells it to defend itself against the creatures. It assumes its original multi-limb form to do this. The colonists witness all of this and recognize the robot from the attack on the Resolute.

6
"Eulogy"
Vincenzo Natali
Ed McCardie
April 13, 2018 (2018-04-13)

Maureen tells her family about the black hole but is afraid the other colonists might panic. John has a heated argument with the other survivors about the robot. In the end, despite an enraged Angela claiming it killed her husband, John convinces the community to allow the robot to stay and takes Will on a hike to discuss Will's responsibility for the robot's actions. He has Will fetch 27 large stones to build a memorial to the casualties. Don takes the community leader and Vijay's father, Victor Dhar, to his Jupiter which crashed in the desert where there are none of the eel-like creatures, and wants money for its fuel. Don also retrieves identification of the real Dr. Smith, later showing Judy. Maureen learns that Hiroki also knows the planet is dying. Penny tells Vijay about the black hole but swears him to secrecy, and they share a kiss. Back at camp, Dr. Smith makes the distraught Angela recount the horrifying details of the robot attack. The emotional Angela enters the hub with the gun Dr. Smith has taken from Will's bunk and arranged for her to find. When she shoots at the robot it goes into attack mode and accidentally injures John before Will gets it to stop. Distraught, Will takes the robot to a cliff and orders it to walk off. He then places a stone on the memorial for the robot.

7
"Pressurized"
Tim Southam
Vivian Lee
April 13, 2018 (2018-04-13)

While driving back to Jupiter 2, Judy is about to tell Dr. Smith she knows the truth about her when Don stops her. When Will is confronted by his mother, he confirms the robot 3D-printed the gun and that he hid it. Anyone could have taken the gun, though. Dr. Smith refuses blame for Angela's attack, and suggests Victor Dhar might have taken the gun. John and Maureen's rover gets stuck in a tar pit. As they sink to the bottom, Maureen admits to doctoring Will's test results. To escape the vehicle, Maureen uses the helium weather balloon to create a shielded path to the surface. Meanwhile, Smith locates the destroyed robot, but cannot get it to reassemble. Don's group speeds through a dangerous geyser field but a tube shakes loose and when Evan fixes the problem, a geyser blast flips the tanker on top of him. Victor realizes that a rock has punctured the tanker and if they move it they'll lose most of the fuel. Despite this Don reluctantly sides with Judy and lifts the tanker, spilling the fuel, but Evan dies anyway. Back on Jupiter 2, Dr. Smith finally manages to reactivate the robot. When Victor returns home, Vijay tells him about the planet's coming demise. Victor decides to use what fuel they did retrieve to launch their own Jupiter 4.

8
"Trajectory"
Stephen Surjik
Katherine Collins & Kari Drake
April 13, 2018 (2018-04-13)

Maureen cannot talk Victor out of launching, but John sneaks aboard the Dhar's Jupiter 4 and triggers the emergency shut down. Later, he explains to the gathered colonists how the planet is about to become uninhabitable. Penny breaks off with Vijay for him telling his father. Maureen has a plan on how to launch despite the limited fuel, stripping out non-essential modules, and relying on old-school manual piloting. Judy tells Maureen the truth about the real Dr. Smith aboard Don's Jupiter. Returning to Jupiter 2, Maureen confines Dr. Smith to a holding cell. Dr. Smith now claims she is really Jessica Harris, a physicist. Maureen tells John about Smith, and he tells her that Don believes the Jupiter 4 is still too heavy to take off. With life support also removed, the pilot now needs a spacesuit and will need to withstand extreme G-forces. They select John, but not even he can regain consciousness fast enough to make all the maneuvers alone. When the Resolute sends a message that due to Hawking radiation they must leave the planet's orbit within 24 hours, Don reluctantly agrees to help pilot the ship. With his assistance the test run is a success. As John and Don launch in the Jupiter 4, Dr. Smith tricks Will and escapes to knock out Maureen right when John needs her instructions. With everyone watching, the ship explodes mid-air and John and Don are presumed dead.

9
"Resurrection"
Tim Southam
Story by : Daniel McLellan
Teleplay by : Kari Drake
April 13, 2018 (2018-04-13)

Will tries to signal his father using his radio, convinced he survived the explosion. Dr. Smith drives Maureen to the alien wreck, where she tells Maureen she did not know Maureen was needed for the ship launch, and when she knocked her out, the ship exploded. She does promise to help Maureen get her children off the planet, if she in return helps Dr. Smith with the alien ship. Will discovers that the rocks he collected in the cave are petrified biomass that can fuel the Jupiter ships to reach the Resolute. While the colonists gather to harvest the biomass, Judy leaves to find Maureen. The colonists find enough biomass to power all the Jupiters, but they must sneak it out quietly so as to not wake winged predators roosting in the cave. When John manages to send a signal, Penny and others are trapped inside the cave after the creatures wake up. Throughout the episode, flashbacks reveal the Christmas Star not to be a meteor but an alien craft, and that its engine was used to build The Resolute. The robot's attack was an attempt to retrieve the stolen engine. The group trapped in the cave manage to narrowly escape. Judy tracks Smith and Maureen. She manages to disable Dr. Smith, but the robot reactivates and is revealed to obey the Doctor's commands.

10
"Danger, Will Robinson"
David Nutter
Matt Sazama & Burk Sharpless
April 13, 2018 (2018-04-13)

John and Don survived the explosion and are clinging to ship wreckage in orbit, with only a few hours of oxygen left. Will is upset to learn the robot now serves Dr. Smith. John responds to Will, confirming that he and Don are still alive. Will tries to bond with the robot again but is rejected. Victor Dhar hails them from the Resolute, telling them it will leave in just over an hour. Maureen traps Dr Smith and the robot in order to search for John and Don. Just as they are about to retrieve them, Dr Smith and the robot escape. Maureen leads the robot into the garage, as an alien ship arrives to retrieve the engine. When the alien robot is about to kill Will, his robot remembers him and attacks the alien robot, saving Will. In the fight, both robots are flung out into space and the garage ramp is damaged. Will goes outside the hull to manually close the hatch. Afterwards, he loses his grip but is saved by his father, who was rescued by Dr. Smith. With everyone safely back on the Jupiter, Maureen is grateful to Dr. Smith, but still locks her up. Before they can dock with the Resolute, the alien engine aboard the Jupiter 2 sends it and the Robinsons to a different galaxy. Will recognizes its shape from the robot's sand drawing: Danger.

text: Production[edit]

text: Development[edit]

text: In October 2014, it was announced that Legendary Television and Synthesis Entertainment were developing a new reboot of Lost in Space and had hired screenwriting duo Matt Sazama and Burk Sharpless to pen the pilot episodes.[15] In November 2015, Netflix landed the project.[16][17] On June 29, 2016, Netflix ordered a full 10 episode season of Lost in Space, with Zack Estrin as executive producer and showrunner. Sazama, Sharpless, Kevin Burns, Jon Jashni, Neil Marshall, and Marc Helwig also serve as executive producers.[18]

text: Toby Stephens, speaking about the distinction between the original series and the new show:

text: "It's a very clever, modern reworking of a great story. Lost in Space is Swiss Family Robinson in space, so it was a story that existed before Lost in Space. The fundamental story is that it's a family that is lost in a difficult, life-threatening situation and how it challenges them and brings them closer together. That is essentially what the story of this is, it's just the context is a lot more modern. It's a more modern take on the '60s version. If you look at it now, it's charming, but it seems so innocent. Whereas this is a version that is for our time. I'm hoping it will still have humour and humanity in it, but it has obviously gotta be for a modern audience."[19]

text: Filming[edit]

text: Production on the first season began in February 2017, in Vancouver, British Columbia, and concluded in July 2017.[20][21]

text: Release[edit]

text: The series was released on April 13, 2018, on Netflix.[1] On March 31, 2018, the pilot of the series was screened at Awesome Con in Washington, D.C., followed by a Q&A session with series executive producers and writers Matt Sazama and Burk Sharpless.[22]

text: Reception[edit]

text: The review aggregator website Rotten Tomatoes reported a 69% approval rating with an average rating of 6.21/10, based on 65 reviews. The website's critical consensus reads, "Lost in Space's production values are ambitious enough to attract sci-fi adventure fans, while the story's large heart adds an emotional anchor to all the deep space derring-do."[23] Metacritic, which uses a weighted average, assigned a normalized score of 58 out of 100 based on 27 critics, indicating "mixed or average reviews".[24]

text: David Griffin of IGN gave the first season a rating of 8.5/10 calling it "an excellent sci-fi adventure with a slight villain problem," giving particular praise to the Robinson family, while criticizing Parker Posey's Dr. Smith as an unsophisticated and one-dimensional character that lacks redeeming qualities.[25] In contrast, Jen Chaney of Vulture characterized Posey's performance as providing "understated, sly comedic touches".[26]


document_title: List of Beyblade Burst Evolution episodes

question_text: how many episodes of beyblade burst god are there

text: Beyblade Burst Evolution is the 2017 sequel to the anime television series Beyblade Burst. It was adapted by OLM and aired in all TXN stations in Japan on April 3, 2017.[1] The opening theme is "EVOLUTION BURST!". From episodes 1-26 the first ending theme is "Beyxercise". From episodes 27 onwards the second ending theme is "Beyxercise 2".

text: Episodes[edit]

text:
No.
English title / Translated title
Original airdate
English airdate

01
"Fresh Start! Valtryek’s Evolution!" / To the World! Valkyrie's Evolution!!
"Sekai e! Varukirī Shinka!!" (世界へ!ヴァルキリー進化!!)
April 3, 2017
November 4, 2017 (Canada)
December 4, 2017 (United States)

After being scouted by the world-renowned Beyblade team BC Sol, Valt Aoi arrives in Spain.

02
"Fighting Spirit! Berserk Roktavor!" / Manly Spirit! Blaze Ragnaruk!!
"Otoko Tamashi! Bureizu Ragunaruku!!" (男魂!ブレイズラグナルク!!)
April 10, 2017
November 5, 2017 (Canada)
December 5, 2017 (United States)

After missing his first day at BC Sol, Valt must beat the fierce competition to earn his spot on the team. At tryouts, he reunites with a buddy from back home.

03
"Drain Fafnir! Winding Up!" / Shock! Drain Fafnir!!
"Shōgeki! Dorein Fabuniru!!" (衝撃!ドレインファブニル!!)
April 17, 2017
November 11, 2017 (Canada)
December 6, 2017 (United States)

With a match against Sunbat United coming up, BC Sol hosts internal tryouts to select their squad. Those who want a chance to represent the club must challenge team captain Free De La Hoya.

04
"Whirlwind! Tempest Wyvron!" / Whirlwind! Tornado Wyvern!!
"Senpū! Torunēdo Waibān!!" (旋風!トルネードワイバーン!!)
April 24, 2017
November 12, 2017 (Canada)
December 7, 2017 (United States)

Thousands of miles away from home, Valt and Rantaro get the chance to face off against a familiar face. They’re both excited to show off their Beys’ new abilities, but Valtryek and Roktavor aren’t the only ones to have evolved.

05
"Surprise Attack! Kinetic Satomb!" / Demonic Attack! Kreis Satan!!
"Mashū! Kureis Satan!!" (魔襲!クライスサタン!!)
May 1, 2017
November 18, 2017 (Canada)
December 8, 2017 (United States)

BC Sol and Sunbat United lock horns in a friendly match, but the action is anything but. Valt may have gone up against Silas Karlisle before, but he’s never seen him launch like this.

06
"Squad Shake Up!" / Severe Earthquake! BC Sol!!
"Gekishin! BC Sol!!" (激震!BCソル!!)
May 8, 2017
November 19, 2017 (Canada)
December 9, 2017 (United States)

Honcho gets a second chance to take down an old rival. Meanwhile, veteran BC Sol Bladers start to feel the squeeze when they notice how quickly Valt and Rantaro are rising through the ranks.

07
"Journey to the Top!" / Reach It! The Top Team!!
"Tsukame! Toppu Chīmu!!" (掴め!トップチーム!!)
May 15, 2017
November 25, 2017 (Canada)
December 11, 2017 (United States)

After a teammate's sudden departure, Valt finds himself in the middle of flaring tensions between new and old BC Sol members. Kris and Trad hold tryouts to decide which Bladers will make it on the first strong.

08
"Season Opener: European League" / It Begins! The Europe League!!
"Kaimaku! Yōroppa Rīgu!!" (開幕!ヨーロッパリーグ!!)
May 22, 2017
November 26, 2017 (Canada)
December 12, 2017 (United States)

The European League is well underway. Valt finds a new friend who is full of laughs and positive vibes, but when they're teams are forced to compete against one another, friendship quickly fades.

09
"Alter Cognite! The Shape Shifter!" / Time God! Alter Kronos!!
"Tokigami! Arutā Kuronosu!!" (時神!アルタークロノス!!)
May 29, 2017
December 2, 2017 (Canada)
December 13, 2017 (United States)

An old friend tunes in to the faceoff between BC Sol and Top Wand. Valt gets a second chance to challenge a new foe. Behind the scenes, a bold offer is put on the table that risks changing BC Sol forever.

10
"Free to Launch" / Valt and Free
"Baruto to Furī" (バルトとフリー)
June 5, 2017
December 3, 2017 (Canada)
December 14, 2017 (United States)

Valt and Rantaro celebrate their rising world rankings, but tension begins to brew within the club.

11
"BC Sol: A Team Divided" / The Collapse of BC Sol!!
"Hōkai! BC Soru!!" (崩壊!BCソル!!)
June 12, 2017
December 9, 2017 (Canada)
December 15, 2017 (United States)

A revamp finds Valt and Rantaro moving up to BC Sol's first string. A missing key member results in a less than desirable losing streak. The team hopes to turn their luck around.

12
"The Return of Doomscizor" / Deathscyther's Rebirth!
"Desu Saizā Sairin!" (死神（デスサイザー）再臨!)
June 19, 2017
December 10, 2017 (Canada)
December 16, 2017 (United States)

The current captain of the AS Gallus, Daigo, is an old pal of Valt and Rantaro's. Valt and Rantaro get a chance to check out Doomscizor's new skills prior to match. Unfortunately, their curiosity is misinterpreted by the management team at BC Sol.

13
"Twin Scythes! Double Strike!" / Twin Scythes! Double Strike!!
"Sōkama! Daburu Sutoraiku!!" (双鎌!ダブルストライク!!)
June 26, 2017
December 16, 2017 (Canada)
January 13, 2018 (United States)

Friends turn rivals as BC Sol comes up against AS Gallus in battle, in order to avoid elimination.

14
"Attack, Maximus Garuda!" / Charge! Maximum Garuda!!
"Shūgeki! Makishimamu Garūda!!" (蹴撃!マキシマムガルーダ!!)
July 3, 2017
December 17, 2017 (Canada)
January 20, 2018 (United States)

BC Sol moves on and must defeat an opponent with not just a powerful secret weapon, but an intense grudge against Silas.

15
"Ghasem! The Airborne Blader!" / The Bird God Blader, Ghasem!!
"Torigami Burēdā Gazemu!!" (鳥神闘士（ブレーダー）ガゼム!!)
July 10, 2017
December 23, 2017 (Canada)
January 27, 2018 (United States)

The threat of Ghasem and Garuda; Valt finds Valtryek's hidden power.

16
"The Search For Shu" / Finding Shu
"Shū wo Sagase" (シュウを探せ)
July 17, 2017
December 24, 2017 (Canada)
February 3, 2018 (United States)

The gang follows Shu to Mexico.

17
"Demon Cave! Snake Pit!!"
"Makyō! Sunēku Pitto!!" (魔境!スネークピット!!)
July 24, 2017
TBA

18
"Labyrinth! Black Dungeon!!"
"Meikyū! Burakku Danjon!!" (迷宮!ブラックダンジョン!!)
July 31, 2017
TBA

19
"Fire God! Red Eye!!"
"Enshin! Reddo Ai!!" (炎神!レッドアイ!!)
August 7, 2017
TBA

20
"Explosion! BC Sol!!"
"Bakushin! BC Sol!!" (爆進!BCソル!!)
August 14, 2017
TBA

21
"Joshua VS Space Ninja"
"Joshua VS Supēsu Ninja" (ジョシュアVS宇宙（スペース）忍者)
August 21, 2017
TBA

22
"Blast Jinnius Calling a Storm!"
"Arashi o Yobu Burasuto Jiniusu!" (嵐を呼ぶブラストジニウス!)
August 28, 2017
TBA

23
"Challenge! The Infinite Beystadium!!"
"Chōsen! Mugen Beisutajiamu!!" (挑戦!無限ベイスタジアム!!)
September 4, 2017
TBA

24
"Upheaval! The World League!!"
"Gekidō! Wārudo Rīgu!!" (激動!ワールドリーグ!!)
September 11, 2017
TBA

25
"Fighting Sword! Sieg Xcalibur!!"
"Tōken! JĪgu Ekusukaribā!!" (闘剣!ジークエクスカリバー!!)
September 18, 2017
TBA

26
"Explosion! God Reboot!!"
"Bakuretsu! Goddo Ribūto!!" (炸裂!ゴッドリブート!!)
September 25, 2017
TBA

27
"Tokyo Battle! Real VS Rios!!"
"Tōkyō Batoru! Rearu VS Riosu!!" (東京バトル!レアルVSリオス!!)
October 2, 2017
TBA

28
"Vampire! Deep Chaos!!"
"Kyūketsuki! Dīpu Kaosu!!" (吸血鬼!ディープカオス!!)
October 9, 2017
TBA

29
"Fortress! Shelter Regulus!!"
"Yōsai! Sherutā Regurusu!!" (要塞!シェルターレグルス!!)
October 16, 2017
TBA

30
"Clash! Shoot to the Finals!!"
"Gekitotsu! Kesshō he no Shūto!!" (激突!決勝へのシュート!!)
October 23, 2017
TBA

31
"Collapse! The Big 5's Wall!!"
"Yabure! Biggu Faibu no Kabe!!" (破れ!ビッグ5の壁!!)
October 30, 2017
TBA

32
"Peerless! Triple Impact!!"
"Tenka Musou! Toriparu Inpakuto!!" (天下無双!トリプルインパクト!!)
November 6, 2017
TBA

33
"The Finals! BC Sol VS New York Bulls!"
"Kesshō! BC Soru VS NY Buruzu!!" (決勝!BCソル VS NYブルズ!!)
November 13, 2017
TBA

34
"Full Power! Bound Attack!!"
"Zenryoku! Boundo Attaku!!" (全力!バウンドアタック!!)
November 20, 2017
TBA

35
"Our Final Match!"
"Ore-tachi no Kesshōsen!" (俺たちの決勝戦!)
November 27, 2017
TBA

36
"Duel! Longinus VS Spriggan!"
"Kettō! Ronginusu VS Supurigan!" (決闘!ロンギヌスVSスプリガン!)
December 4, 2017
TBA

37
"Let's Go! The God Bladers Cup!!"
"Iku ze! Goddo Burēdāzu Kappu!!" (いくぜっ!ゴッドブレーダーズカップ!!)
December 11, 2017
TBA

38
"A Deadly Weapon! Spriggan Requiem!!"
"Kyōki! Supurigan Rekuiemu!!" (凶機!スプリガンレクイエム!!)
December 18, 2017
TBA

39
"The Underground Battle Emperor, Kurtz!"
"Chika Batoru Kōtei Kurutsu!" (地下バトル皇帝クルツ!)
December 25, 2017
TBA

40
"Tyrant! Beat Kukulcan!!"
"Bōkun! Bīto Kukurukan!!" (暴君!ビートククルカン!!)
January 8, 2018
TBA

41
"Iron Hammer! Twin Nemesis!!"
"Tettsui! Tsuin Nemeshisu!!" (鉄槌!ツインネメシス!!)
January 15, 2018
TBA

42
"BC Sol's Fierce Battle!!"
"Shiretsu! BC Soru no Tatakai!!" (熾烈!BCソルの闘い!!)
January 22, 2018
TBA

43
"Climax! Rival Great Clash!!"
"Hakunetsu! Raibaru Daigekitotsu!!" (白熱!ライバル大激突!!)
January 29, 2018
TBA

44
"Super Evolution! Strike God Valkyrie!!"
"Choushinka! Sutoraiku Goddo Varukirii!!" (超進化!ストライクゴッドヴァルキリー!!)
February 5, 2018
TBA

45
"Destruction God Spriggan!"
"Hakaishin Supurigan!" (破壊神スプリガン!)
February 12, 2018
TBA

46
"Beyond the Limit! Free VS Lui!!"
"Chougenkai! Furī VS Lui!!" (超限界!フリーVSルイ!!)
February 19, 2018
TBA

47
"The Ultimate Battle!"
"Arutimetto Batoru!" (アルテイメットバトル!)
February 26, 2018
TBA

48
"The Decisive Battle of Friendship!!"
"Yūjou! Ketteisen he no Batoru!!" (友情!決定戦へのバトル!!)
March 5, 2018
TBA


document_title: Stock (food)

question_text: other than water what is the most important ingredient of brown stock

text: Stock (food)

text: Preparation[edit]

text: Traditionally, stock is made by simmering various ingredients in water. A newer approach is to use a pressure cooker. The ingredients may include some or all of the following:

text: Today, ready-made stock and stock cubes consisting of dried, compressed stock ingredients are readily available. These are commonly known as bouillon cubes, as cooking base in the US, or as Oxo cubes in Britain, after a common brand of stock cube sold there.

text: Stock versus broth[edit]

text: The difference between broth and stock is one of both cultural and colloquial terminology but certain definitions prevail. Stock is the liquid produced by simmering raw ingredients: solids are removed, leaving a highly flavored liquid. This yields classic stock as made from beef, veal, chicken, fish and vegetables.[citation needed]

text: Broth differs in that it is a basic soup where the solid pieces of flavoring meat or fish, along with some vegetables, remain. It is often made more substantial by adding starches such as rice, barley or pulses.[citation needed]

text: Traditionally, broth contained some form of meat or fish; however, nowadays it is acceptable to refer to a strictly vegetable soup as a broth.[1][2][3]

text: Many cooks and food writers use the terms broth and stock interchangeably, and even when distinctions are made, they often vary from person to person.[4][5][6][7] In 1974, James Beard wrote more emphatically that "they're all the same thing".[8]

text: However, a traditional distinction between stock and broth is that stocks are made primarily from animal bones, as opposed to meat, and therefore contain more gelatin, giving them a thicker texture.[6] Another distinction that is sometimes made is that stock is cooked longer than broth and therefore has a more intense flavor.[9] A third possible distinction is that stock is left unseasoned for use in other recipes, while broth is salted and otherwise seasoned and can be eaten alone.[10][11]

text: Bouillon is the French word for "broth", and is usually used as a synonym for it.[4][11]

text: Types[edit]

text:
Chicken stock is usually cooked for several hours.
Fish stock is made with fish bones and finely chopped mirepoix. Fish stock should be cooked for 20–25 minutes—cooking any longer spoils the flavour. Concentrated fish stock is called "fish fumet." In Japanese cooking, a fish and kelp stock called dashi is made by briefly (a few minutes) cooking skipjack tuna (bonito) flakes called katsuobushi in nearly boiling water.
Fond blanc, or white stock, is made by using raw bones and white mirepoix. Chicken bones are the most common for fond blanc.
Fond brun, or brown stock. The brown color is achieved by roasting the bones and mirepoix. This also adds a rich, full flavour. Veal bones are the most common type used in a fond brun. Tomato paste is often added (sometimes thinned tomato paste is painted onto the roasting bones). The acid in the paste helps break down the connective tissue helping accelerating the formation of gelatin, as well as giving color to the stock.
Glace viande is stock made from bones, usually from veal, that is highly concentrated by reduction.
Ham stock, common in Cajun cooking, is made from ham hocks.
Jus is a rich, lightly reduced stock used as a sauce for roasted meats. Many of these are started by deglazing the roasting pan, then reducing to achieve the rich flavour desired.
Lamb stock is cooked for several hours. To make a lamb jus, start with a chicken stock and roasted lamb necks and bones.
Master stock is a special Chinese stock used primarily for poaching meats, flavoured with soy sauce, sugar, ginger, garlic, and other aromatics.
Prawn stock is made from boiling prawn shells. It is used in Southeast Asian dishes such as laksa.
Veal stock is usually cooked for several hours.
Vegetable stock is made only of vegetables.
Remouillage is a second stock made from the same set of bones.

text: Preparation[edit]

text: A few basic rules are commonly prescribed for preparing stock:

text:
The stock ingredients are simmered starting with cold water. The collagen from connective tissue and skin is denatured into gelatin through gentle, long simmering, thickening the stock somewhat.
Stocks are simmered gently, with bubbles just breaking the surface, and not boiled. If a stock is boiled, it will be cloudy.
Salt is usually not added or only minimally added to the stock, since most stocks are reduced to make soups and sauces, and excessive salt will make the final dish too salty.
Meat is added to a stock before vegetables, and the "scum" that rises to the surface is skimmed off before further ingredients are added.
If the cook wants to remove the fat, after the stock is finished it is cooled and the fat, which floats, separates and solidifies into globs within the stock, which can be removed with ease.
Stocks can be frozen and kept indefinitely but are better fresh.
The refrigerator shelf life of a stock is three to four days, but the stock can be boiled at the end of this period and the life extended another three to four days. Stock can be kept for extended periods in this manner.


document_title: Buck Rogers in the 25th Century (TV series)

question_text: who played buck rogers in the 25th century

text: Concept and broadcast history[edit]

text: This section needs additional citations for verification. Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. (October 2011) (Learn how and when to remove this template message)

text: Inspired by the success of Star Wars, Universal began developing Buck Rogers for television, spearheaded by Glen A. Larson, who had a production deal with the studio. Production began in 1978. Initially, Larson and Universal had planned on making a series of Buck Rogers TV movies for NBC. The pilot for Larson's other science-fiction series, Battlestar Galactica (1978), had been released theatrically in some countries and in key locations in North America, and had done well at the box office. Universal then opted to release the first Buck Rogers TV movie theatrically on March 30, 1979. Good box-office returns led NBC to commission a weekly series, which began on September 20, 1979, with a slightly modified version of the theatrical release.[4]

text: The production recycled many of the props, effects shots, and costumes from Battlestar Galactica, which was still in production at the time the pilot for Buck Rogers was being filmed. For example, the "landram" vehicle was made for the Galactica series, and the control sticks used in the Terran starfighters in the pilot movie were the same as those used in Galactica's Viper craft. The Terran starfighters were also concept designer Ralph McQuarrie's original vision of the Colonial Vipers.

text: The new series centered on Captain William Anthony "Buck" Rogers, played by Gil Gerard, a NASA/USAF pilot who commands Ranger 3, a spacecraft that is launched in May 1987. Due to a life-support malfunction, Buck is accidentally frozen for 504 years before his spacecraft is discovered adrift in the year 2491. The combination of gases that froze his body coincidentally comes close to the formula commonly used in the 25th century for cryopreservation, and his rescuers are able to revive him. He learns that civilization on Earth was rebuilt following a devastating nuclear war that occurred on November 22, 1987, and is now under the protection of the Earth Defense Directorate.

text: The series followed him as he tried (not always successfully) to fit into 25th-century culture. As no traceable personal records of him remained, he was uniquely placed, due to his pilot and combat skills and personal ingenuity, to help Earth Defense foil assorted evil plots to conquer the planet. In many respects, this version of Buck Rogers was more similar to James Bond or Steve Austin than Nowlan's original character, and Buck would often go under cover on various covert missions. Buck is aided in his adventures by his friend and sometimes romantic interest, Colonel Wilma Deering (played by Erin Gray), a high-ranking officer and starfighter pilot. He is also assisted by Twiki, a small robot or "ambuquad", as they were known. Twiki was played mainly by Felix Silla and voiced mainly by Mel Blanc (who had previously voiced Daffy Duck as Duck Dodgers in spoofs of the early Buck Rogers and other science-fiction serials) using a gruff voice very similar to the one he used for Barnyard Dawg. Twiki became Buck's comic sidekick and communicated with an electronic noise that sounded like "biddi-biddi-biddi", but also spoke English (usually after saying "biddi-biddi-biddi-biddi" for several seconds). Also aiding Buck was Dr. Theopolis or "Theo" (voiced by Eric Server), a sentient computer in the shape of a disk about 9 inches wide with an illuminated face. He was capable of understanding Twiki's electronic language, and was often carried around by him. Theo was a member of Earth's "computer council" and one of the planet's scientific leaders. During the first season, Buck and Wilma took their orders from Dr. Elias Huer, played by Tim O'Connor, the head of the Defense Directorate. Some episodes suggested Huer was the leader of the entire planet, though this was never made completely clear.

text: The series' chief villain (at least in the first season) was Princess Ardala (played by Pamela Hensley), whose goal was to conquer the Earth while making Buck her consort. She was aided by her henchman Kane (played in the pilot film by Henry Silva and in the series by Michael Ansara). All of these characters were featured in the original comic strip, except for Dr. Theopolis and Twiki (whose closest counterpart in earlier versions would likely be Buck's human sidekick, Buddy Wade). Kane (or Killer Kane as he was then known) was also featured in the 1939 film serial and was actually the chief villain himself, rather than Ardala's henchman (Ardala did not appear in the film serial).

text: The pilot film depicted human civilization as fairly insular, with an invisible defense shield that surrounded the entire planet, protecting it from invaders. Civilization was restricted to a few cities; the main city seen in the pilot and weekly series was New Chicago, which was also known as the Inner City. Travel beyond the Inner City was hazardous, as much of the planet was said to be a radioactive wasteland inhabited by violent mutants (as Buck discovered when he visited the derelict remains of old Chicago).

text: Film[edit]

text: The first made-for-TV movie was released theatrically in March 1979 as Buck Rogers in the 25th Century.[2] The film made $21 million at the North American box office, prompting Universal to move ahead with a weekly series later that year. The film, which was also released internationally, featured all of the main protagonist characters who would appear in the weekly series, including Princess Ardala of the planet Draconia, and her henchman, Kane.

text: Series[edit]

text: The theatrical film also served as a pilot and two-part first episode for the series, entitled "Awakening". Several scenes were edited, some to remove the more adult dialogue in the film (including when Buck refers to Wilma as "ballsy", and later when he says "shit"), and a scene in which Buck kills Ardala's henchman, Tigerman, was edited to allow the character to return in later episodes[5] (the TV version of the pilot for Battlestar Galactica had similarly removed the death of a supporting character (Baltar) to allow the character to become a regular in the TV series[6]). Also, some new and extended scenes were added for the TV version, including several scenes within Buck's new apartment, which was the setting for a new final scene in which Dr. Huer and Wilma try to persuade Buck to join the Defense Directorate. This scene ends with Buck actually declining their offer, though he opts to join them in an unofficial capacity by the first episode of the series proper, "Planet of the Slave Girls".

text: Including the two-part pilot episode, the first season comprised 24 episodes, with four of the stories being two-parters. The tone of the series was lighter than the pilot movie, and showed a more positive picture of future Earth. The Inner City was now known as New Chicago, and it was established that human civilization had spread once again across the planet, and also to the stars. After the movie pilot, no reference to barren radioactive wastelands was made, and in several episodes, the world outside is shown as lush and green. The mutants seen in the pilot film were no longer seen, and Buck sometimes ventured outside New Chicago with no hazards encountered. As opposed to the isolationist planet seen in the film, Earth no longer has an invisible defense shield surrounding it and is shown to be the center of an interstellar human-dominated government, sometimes called "the Federation" of "the Alliance", with its capital at New Chicago. During the first season, references were also made to other "new" Earth cities such as New Detroit, New Manhattan, New Phoenix, New Tulsa, Boston Complex, and New London. A "City-on-the-Sea" was also seen, mentioned as being the former New Orleans.

text: Wilma Deering and Dr. Huer were the only Defense Directorate personnel seen in every episode, though several others were seen in individual episodes. Most Defense Directorate personnel regard Buck as being at least an 'honorary' captain, in reference to his 20th-century American military rank, but his membership in Earth's defense forces is unofficial. Nevertheless, Buck often flies with the fighter squadrons, and uses his 20th-century U.S. Air Force background to assist in their training. Dr. Huer regularly meets, greets, and otherwise deals with representatives of other sovereign powers. Huer was also seen in military uniform (at formal occasions), thus indicating he is or was a member of the military.

text: Travel between the stars was accomplished with the use of stargates: artificially created portals in space (similar in appearance to wormholes), but referred to as "warp" travel on at least one occasion by Wilma Deering. Stargates appear as a diamond-shaped quartet of brilliant lights in space that shimmered when a vessel was making transit. Some people find the transit through a stargate to be physically unpleasant (transit resembling a "spinning" of the spacecraft). Buck's dislike of them is shown in part one of the episode "Planet of the Slave Girls" and again in part two of the episode "The Plot to Kill a City".

text: To portray futuristic-looking buildings on Earth, the show used stock shots of the remaining national pavilions of Expo 67, particularly the French and British pavilions as well as shots of the Bonaventure Hotel in downtown Los Angeles.

text: Juanin Clay, who played Major Marla Landers in the first-season episode "Vegas in Space", was originally cast as Wilma for the TV series (Erin Gray had initially opted not to return after the pilot film, but she later changed her mind). A relationship between Buck and Wilma was hinted at, but rarely expanded upon, and in the first season, Buck was involved (to some degree) with a different woman almost every week. Producers demanded that Wilma have blonde hair and dye jobs were needed to lighten Erin Gray's brunette locks. During the final episodes of the first season, Gray was allowed to return to her natural hair color, and Wilma was dark-haired thereafter. Buck's best-known enemy during the first season was Princess Ardala, played by Pamela Hensley, whose desire was to conquer and possess both Earth and Buck himself. She appeared in four separate stories, including the pilot film, two single episodes ("Escape from Wedded Bliss" and "Ardala Returns"), and the two-part first-season finale ("Flight of the War Witch").

text: The opening title sequence for the series included stock footage from the Apollo 4 and Apollo 6 launches.

text: The series had an overall budget of $800,000 per hour of air time, according to Starlog issue #32 (March 1980).[7] Former actor Jock Gaynor served as producer for 20 episodes. Although reasonably popular with viewers, the first season failed to receive much critical acclaim. One vocal critic of the series was Gerard himself, who pushed for more serious storytelling and often clashed with the producers and the network (NBC) over the show's tone and handling. In the November 1980 issue of Starlog, even Gerard said he had hoped the series would not be picked up for a second season because he had no wish to go through another season like the first one.[8]

text: Second season[edit]

text: Production of the second season was delayed by several months due to an actors' strike. When production resumed in the fall of 1980, the series had a new set of producers (headed by John Mantley, who had primarily worked on television westerns) and the format of the series was changed. Instead of defending the Earth from external threats, Buck, Wilma and Twiki were now a part of a crew aboard an Earth spaceship called the Searcher. The Searcher, which displayed the Latin motto "Per ardua ad astra" ("through adversity to the stars" or "through work to the stars") on its side, had a mission to seek out the lost "tribes" of humanity who had scattered in the five centuries since Earth's 20th-century nuclear war. (This is a theme present in Glen A. Larson's previous science-fiction television series, Battlestar Galactica.)

text: Another notable change in the second season was the disappearance of many of the regular characters of the first season, such as Dr. Huer, Dr. Theopolis, Princess Ardala, and Kane. However, several new characters were added:

text:
Admiral Efram Asimov (Jay Garner), commander of the Searcher and a descendant of the famous science fiction author Isaac Asimov
Hawk (Thom Christopher), an alien character who represents the last of the nearly extinct bird people[9]
Dr. Goodfellow (Wilfrid Hyde-White), an elderly scientist with insatiable curiosity
Crichton (voiced by Jeff David), a snobbish robot, built by Goodfellow, but who finds it difficult to believe that lowly humans could have ever built him

text: The character of Wilma Deering was "softened" in the second season as the producers attempted to tone down the militaristic "Colonel Deering" image, who often gave Buck orders, and tried to make her more "feminine".[10] Another change in the second season was the sound of Twiki's voice. Mel Blanc left the series after the end of the first season and another actor, Bob Elyea, supplied Twiki's voice. Blanc returned for the final six episodes of the second season, though no explanation was given for the change in Twiki's voice.

text: The opening narrative was also modified for the second season, both in terms of the narrator's voice and content. In the first season, William Conrad delivered the following opening narrative:

text: The year is 1987, and NASA launches the last of America's deep space probes. In a freak mishap, Ranger 3 and its pilot, Captain William "Buck" Rogers, are blown out of their trajectory into an orbit which freezes his life-support systems, and returns Buck Rogers to Earth, 500 years later.

text: In the second season, Hank Simms (best known for his announcing work on many of the programs produced by Quinn Martin Productions) delivered the following alternate narrative:

text: In the year 1987, NASA launched the last of America's deep space probes. Aboard this compact starship, a lone astronaut, Captain William "Buck" Rogers, was to experience cosmic forces beyond all comprehension. In a freak mishap, his life-support systems were frozen by temperatures beyond imagination. Ranger 3 was blown out of its planned trajectory into an orbit one thousand times more vast, an orbit which was to return Buck Rogers to Earth, 500 years later.

text: These were abbreviated and altered versions of the narrative heard in the original pilot movie, delivered by Conrad:

text: In the year 1987, at the John F. Kennedy Space Center, NASA launched the last of America's deep space probes. The payload, perched on the nosecone of the NASA rocket, was a one-man exploration vessel: Ranger 3. Aboard this compact starship, a lone astronaut, Captain William "Buck" Rogers, was to experience cosmic forces beyond all comprehension: an awesome brush with death. In the blink of an eye, his life-support systems were frozen by temperatures beyond imagination. Ranger 3 was blown out of its planned trajectory into an orbit a thousand times more vast, an orbit which was to return the ship full circle to its point of origin, its mother Earth, not in five months...but in 500 years.

text: For 500 years, Buck Rogers drifted through a world in which reality and fantasy merged into a timeless dream.

text: The introduction narrative from the pilot episode ("Awakening") was also different:

text: For 500 years, Captain William "Buck" Rogers has been miraculously preserved, frozen by temperatures beyond imagination. Now, in Earth year 2491, he is rudely awakened by the sinister forces of the Draconian realm.

text: The substance of the storylines also changed in the second season. Less emphasis was placed on militaristic ideals and, with a few exceptions, Gerard scaled back the humor in the second season in favor of more serious episodes. Buck's and Wilma's relationship became slightly more romantic during the second year, though most romantic activity was implied and took place off-screen.

text: Moreover, the second season deals with more serious concepts such as evolution, ecology, racism, pollution, war, nuclear power, identity, the self, and religion. It also draws on mythology as exemplified by Hawk's people, who are variants on the bird people found in mythologies around the world and makes special reference to the moai of Easter Island. An episode also included a story about mythical satyr creatures.

text: As well as its parallels to Larson's previous television series Battlestar Galactica, the second season is similar in theme to Star Trek, with the Searcher roaming through space much like the USS Enterprise had, Buck being the maverick explorer true to the style of Captain James T. Kirk, and the serious, rather stoic Hawk being a revamped version of Mr. Spock. Even Wilma had, to some extent, been remodeled after Lt. Uhura from Star Trek, often dressed in a miniskirt uniform and regularly sat at a communications console on the bridge of the Searcher.

text: Ratings dropped significantly after the season premiere. NBC canceled the series at the end of an 11-episode strike-abbreviated season. No finale storyline was produced, with the final episode broadcast being a normal standalone episode.

text: Cast[edit]

text:
Gil Gerard - Captain William "Buck" Rogers
Erin Gray - Colonel Wilma Deering
Tim O'Connor - Dr. Elias Huer (first season)
Pamela Hensley as Princess Ardala (first season)
Michael Ansara as Kane (first season) (played by Henry Silva in the theatrical film)[2]
Wilfrid Hyde-White - Dr. Goodfellow (second season)
Thom Christopher - Hawk (second season)
Jay Garner - Admiral Efram Asimov (second season)
Paul Carr - Lt. Devlin (second season)
Felix Silla - Twiki (physical performance)
Patty Maloney - Twiki (physical performance, 3 episodes)
Mel Blanc - Voice of Twiki (first season, plus second-season episodes starting with "The Crystals" through "Testimony of a Traitor")
Bob Elyea - Voice of Twiki (second-season episodes "Time of the Hawk" to "The Golden Man")
Eric Server - Voice of Dr. Theopolis (first season) (voiced by Howard F. Flynn in the pilot)
Jeff David - Voice of Crichton (second season)
William Conrad - Narrator (first season)
Hank Simms - Narrator (second season)

text: Guest stars throughout the series included Jamie Lee Curtis, Markie Post, Dorothy Stratten, Leigh McCloskey, Trisha Noble, Richard Moll, Jerry Orbach, Gary Coleman, Jack Palance, Sam Jaffe, Vera Miles, and Buster Crabbe (who had played Buck Rogers in the 1930s film serial). Joseph Wiseman also appeared in one episode of the series, and was also briefly seen in the theatrical version of the pilot as Emperor Draco (Princess Ardala's father), but his appearance was edited out of the television version. Several actors who had played villains in the 1960s Batman television series also guest-starred, including Cesar Romero, Frank Gorshin, Roddy McDowell, and Julie Newmar.

text: Episodes[edit]

text: International broadcast[edit]

text: The series was shown in the UK by ITV, beginning in late August 1980, with the feature-length two-part episode "Planet of the Slave Girls" (the pilot film, which had been released theatrically in Britain in summer 1979, was not actually shown on British television until 1982). ITV broadcast Buck Rogers in an early Saturday evening slot, where it competed against, and beat, the BBC's long-running science fiction series Doctor Who, which started its 18th season on the same day.[11] As a similar effect had occurred a few years earlier when several ITV stations screened Man from Atlantis against Doctor Who; this prompted the BBC to move Doctor Who to a new weekday slot for its next season in 1982, though Buck Rogers had been cancelled in the US by then. The BBC would repeat the Buck Rogers series on BBC Two in 1989 and again in 1995-96.

text: The series also aired in Canada on CTV, on the same day and time as the NBC airings.

text: Reception[edit]

text: Contemporary assessments of Buck Rogers in the 25th Century were generally mixed. In his book Sci-Fi TV from Twilight Zone to Deep Space Nine, writer James van Hise claimed the show's scripts "just never took advantage of what they had at hand" and criticized Larson's version of Buck Rogers as a cynical attempt to exploit one of the most loved characters in American popular culture.[12] John Javna's book The Best of Science Fiction TV included Buck Rogers in the 25th Century on its list of the "Worst Science Fiction Shows of All Time" (along with The Starlost, Space: 1999 and Manimal).[13] Journalist Bill Lengeman also strongly criticized the program, stating "the acting is so wooden that Ed Wood himself (no pun intended) would surely have gone weak in the knees and wept openly upon witnessing it". Lengemen also called the Buck Rogers episode "Space Rockers" the worst episode of TV science fiction he had ever seen.[14] On a more positive note, writing in the UK's Observer newspaper in October 1980 (shortly after the series began showing there), journalist Clive James stated "the best comic-strip science fiction on at the moment is Buck Rogers in the 25th Century. The hardware looks good and Wilma Deering looks simply sensational, like Wonder Woman with brains."[15]

text: Merchandise[edit]

text: Two novels were published by Dell Publishing based on this series, both by Addison E. Steele. The first (ISBN 0-440-10843-8) was a novelization of the pilot film. The second, That Man on Beta (ISBN 0-440-10948-5), was adapted from an unproduced episode script. A fumetti book entitled Buck Rogers in the 25th Century was published by Fotonovel Publications in 1979.

text: Gold Key Comics published fourteen issues of a Buck Rogers in the 25th Century comic book based upon the show. The comic book started with issue number two, picking up the numbering from an issue published in 1964 in the style of the old comic strips. Starting with issue five, new adventures were created in the series continuity. The first three issues (two - four) were reprinted in a "Giant Movie Edition" which was distributed by Marvel Comics. Artists on the series included Al McWilliams, Frank Bolle and José Delbo. The comic outlived the series by several months. Issue number ten was never published and this comic book series was cancelled after issue number sixteen. The comic book remained within the continuity of Season 1 and did not feature any characters from Season 2.

text: A strip based on the television series also ran in two publications in the UK: Look-In with 64 weekly installments covering 10 separate adventures between autumn 1980 and early 1982, and TV Tops, which picked up the rights from 1982 for two shorter runs. Both were based on the format of the first year of the series.

text: Two sets of action figures were produced by Mego, including a 12" line and a series of 3.75" figures and scaled spaceships.[16] Milton-Bradley produced a Buck Rogers board game and a series of jigsaw puzzles. Other companies produced a variety of tie-ins, including model kits of the spaceships from Monogram, die-cast toys from Corgi, Topps trading cards, and a painted metal lunch box.[17]

text: In 2011, Zica Toys began production of a new line of action figures based on the TV series. These 8" action figures are loosely based on Mego designs, but as noted above, Mego did not produce an 8" line of Buck Rogers figures, so Zica's line is actually the first line of 8", cloth-costumed action figures based on the TV series. Characters planned include Buck Rogers, Hawk, Killer Kane, Tigerman, and Draconian Warriors.

text: The popularity of the TV series led to the revival of the Buck Rogers newspaper strip, daily and Sunday, drawn by Gray Morrow and written by Jim Lawrence. The strip ran from September 9, 1979 to October 26, 1980, and was reprinted in its entirety, with the Sundays in color, in a large trade paperback.

text: Home video releases[edit]

text: Though the theatrical version of the pilot film was released on home video in the 1980s, the series was not released on home video until the late 1990s. In the U.S., each episode was released individually on a VHS cassette. In other countries, such as the UK, two episodes were released on a single cassette.

text: Universal Studios Home Entertainment released the complete series on DVD in North America (Region 1) on November 16, 2004. While it does contain every episode (from both seasons), the pilot episode included is the theatrical version and not the TV version. The set contains five double-sided discs.[18][19]

text: The series was released on DVD in Europe (Region 2), though each season was released separately as opposed to in one set like the Region 1 release. Season 1 was released on November 22, 2004 and season 2 on October 31, 2005, neither of which had the same cover artwork or menu screens as the Region 1 release. Notable differences are the addition of subtitles for various European languages.

text: On January 24, 2012, Universal Studios re-released Season One by itself in North America, as a six disc set. The discs were single-sided for this release, in contrast to the double-sided discs released in 2004. Season Two was re-released with single-sided discs on January 8, 2013. As a bonus feature, the second season set includes the television version of the original pilot film, "Awakening", the first time this version has been released on DVD.[20]

text: On August 17, 2016, Madman Entertainment (a company that produces titles for release in Australia and New Zealand) released the series on Blu-ray Disc in 1080p. The eight-disc set includes each episode in HD. Extras include: theatrical version of the Pilot episode and feature-length version of "Flight Of The War Witch" (both in standard definition), the syndicated two-part version of "Journey to Oasis" (in HD), textless opening and closing credits sequences, opening credits without voice-over narration, and isolated music & effects audio tracks on each episode.[21]