document_title: Tyler Perry's House of Payne

question_text: who plays janine's mom on house of payne

question_tokens: who plays janine 's mom on house of payne

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text: Tyler Perry's House of Payne

text: Production history[edit]

text: The sitcom ran in first-run syndication for 10 episodes during mid-2006 on the Atlanta-area broadcast of WPCH-TV, along with nine other broadcast outlets across the country, as a limited run, with additional episodes to be available for national distribution on TBS in June 2007. An order of 100 episodes was later requested by TBS.

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text: A cable record for sitcom airings was broken with 5.2 and 5.8 million for the two premiere episodes on TBS on June 6, 2007.[5]  However, the audience declined to 4.3 million as of the week ending September 30, 2007 and 2.260 and 2.099 as of May 19, 2010.[6]

text: The principal cast remained the same (with the exception of Lance Gross being added), led by LaVan Davis. The original format of the series centred around C.J. (Allen Payne) and his family moving in with his Aunt Ella and Uncle Curtis (Cassi Davis and LaVan Davis). Robinne Lee had a recurring guest stint in Season 1–2 as Malik and Jazmine's principal, Nicole Jamieson, whom C.J. soon began dating. Rochelle Aytes originally portrayed Nicole Jamieson in the test pilot episodes as Malik's math teacher. In the test run, Ella and Curtis were originally C.J.'s parents, but in its televised format, Calvin is their son and C.J. their nephew. Despite his top billing, Allen Payne is not considered the main actor of the series, especially due to his long absence in the fifth season. The show was recorded in front of a live studio audience but sometimes used a laugh track.

text: At the beginning of the fifth season, China Anne McClain (Jazmine) and Denise Burse (Claretha) were removed from the series. The characters were written out, with Jazmine going away to a school for gifted children in North Carolina and Claretha marrying a prince and moving away. In real life, McClain and Burse left the series for undisclosed reasons. In the beginning of Season 6, both McClain and Burse returned. Some of the cast members of Tyler Perry's House of Payne were on The Mo'Nique Show in October 2009. Beginning with the seventh season, China Anne McClain appeared infrequently due to her work schedule for A.N.T. Farm. Denise Burse was no longer credited as a regular cast member; she appeared in a recurring role.

text: Larramie "Doc" Shaw, who portrayed Malik, appeared infrequently after the sixth season. This was due to Shaw's work schedules for The Suite Life on Deck and Pair of Kings. He remained a cast member throughout the series.

text: Tyler Perry directed every episode of the first 5 seasons. Throughout Season 6, each episode was directed by actress Kim Fields or her mother Chip Hurd. Tyler Perry directed some of the episodes in seasons 7 and 8 while other episodes were directed by Kim Fields, Chip Hurd, and producer Roger M. Bobb.

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During the first 5 seasons, the show was rated TV-PG but due to a rapid increase of strong language and mature content (particularly sexual), later episodes are rated TV-14.
On September 28, 2011, TBS ordered 42 episodes.[7] Newer episodes have been aired on TBS since October 21, 2011 with season 8, and concluded the series with a total of 254 episodes. The show aired its final two episodes on August 10, 2012.

text: On January 30, 2017, a spin-off follow-up series entitled The Paynes was ordered by Oprah Winfrey Network. It will follow Ella and Curtis Payne as they enjoy retirement in Florida only to get caught in a real estate deal that will turn their lives upside down. The series was greenlighted for 38 episodes and premiered in early 2018.[8]

text: Episodes[edit]

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text: Cast[edit]

text: House of Payne revolves around the Payne family who reside in the suburban Atlanta. It is noted that all main cast members are credited only for the episodes in which they appear.

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Actor

Character

Seasons

Pilot

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

Allen Payne
Clarence "C.J." Payne, Jr
Main

Lavan Davis
Curtis Booker T. Payne
Main

Cassi Davis
Ella Williams-Payne
Main

Lance Gross
Calvin Payne

Main

Larramie "Doc" Shaw
Malik Payne
Main

China Anne McClain
Jazmine Sierra Payne
Main

Main

Denise Burse
Claretha Jenkins
Main
Recurring

Demetria McKinney
Janine Shelton-Payne
Recurring
Main

Keshia Knight-Pulliam
Miranda Lucas-Payne

Guest

Main

Palmer Williams Jr.
Floyd Jackson

Recurring
Main

text: Main[edit]

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Curtis Payne (LaVan Davis) is the show's main protagonist. He is often referred to as Uncle Curtis by his nephew C.J., his nephew's wife Janine, and their children, Malik and Jazmine. Curtis is known for his hackneyed jokes, overly loud delivery, and acting like a negative racial stereotype. He is overweight and has fainted once from a blocked artery, but he ignored the diet his wife Ella set for him, and is unable to stay away from his usual fatty foods. A noticeable running gag is when he jokingly pushes Ella to the side with one arm when he wants to go by, she usually lands on the sofa. Despite his immaturity in this matter, his maturity and responsibility are apparent in his job as the chief of the local fire department. In one episode, his middle name was revealed as Booker T. In the sixth season, Curtis was forced to retire which left him depressed and humiliated for a period of time; he eventually embraced it and his nephew C.J. took over his old job. LaVan Davis won an NAACP Image Awards in 2008 for Outstanding Actor In A Comedy Series for this role. In the first part of the series finale, "The Call Back", CJ asks Curtis to come out of retirement to oversee three stations that CJ runs. At first Curtis refuses to do it, and yells at CJ saying how they already forced him into retirement, and that he wasn't going back, but at the end of the episode, after talking with Ella, he decided to return.
Ella Payne (née Ella Williams) (known as Ella Williams in episode "Til Payne Do We Part") (Cassi Davis), is Curtis's wife. She is a stay-at-home mother and the voice of reason. Curtis has been known to take advantage of Ella's good nature—and to be punished for it. Ella is the family's religious voice and the glue that holds it together. A good cook, she had a restaurant service in one episode. She is quick to offer emotional and moral support to everyone in the family, such as when Janine returned home. In the fifth season, she briefly worked in retail. In Season 6, she quits to go back to school. Ella graduated from college and finally got her degree in Season 7. It is revealed that her middle name is Naomi. She tries to keep the family at peace the best she can, whether it's big or small. In the Season 8 episode "RIP: Rest in Payne", she keeps complete faith for her son Calvin, when she hears that he got shot in C.J. and Janine's home. She loves her family and wants her husband to keep her safe and stand by her which he does.
Clarence James (C.J.) Payne, Jr. (Allen Payne) is Curtis and Ella's nephew. C.J. and his family moved into the home of his Uncle Curtis and Aunt Ella when their own house burned down after his wife Janine accidentally started a fire while under the influence of drugs. C.J. is the father of Malik, Jazmine, Jayden, and Hayden Payne. These last two are the twin son and daughter born to Janine and C.J. after they reconciled and remarried. In the fourth season, C.J. found out he was adopted. He works at the firehouse with Curtis. At the end of the fifth season, he, Janine, and the twins moved to Chicago, but they returned in the sixth season after he was offered Curtis' job, and the family moved in next to Curtis and Ella. Despite being angry with and hostile towards Janine upon her return, C.J. never stopped loving her. In the early seasons, C.J. often has difficulty enforcing discipline with his children, but it is apparent that he is slightly more strict and hot-headed, often jumping to the wrong conclusions. In the Season 6 episode "Who's Your Daddy Now?", C.J. finally met his real father who happened to be white, making C.J. biracial. In the seventh season, he was promoted to fire chief commissioner, and also became the boss of Janine and Roland in the public relations department. C.J. was portrayed as Curtis and Ella's son in the series' original format, but his character was changed to being their nephew.
 Calvin Payne (Lance Gross) is Ella and Curtis's college-age son who rarely attends the same courses Curtis often complains about financing. Calvin liked to think of himself as a player until he married Miranda. Like his cousin C.J., Calvin spends much time working with Curtis at the firehouse until he becomes a partner at the barbershop. In the fifth season, he gets a job working for the same company as Mercedes and she accidentally kisses him twice: once while they are chaperoning Malik and Alexandra's date; the other, after Calvin has a fight with Miranda. He finds out that he has a son, Calvin Jr., from his former girlfriend Tracy. He and Miranda are expecting a child when she decides they should separate, but they agree to try counseling. They get stuck in an elevator and solve their problems with help from an "elevator lady" Edi, who turns out to be Dr. Marcos, the marriage-retreat counselor. Calvin was arrested for back child support, but was bailed out of jail before the birth of his child with Miranda in the episode Payneful Resolution Resolution.

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Malik Payne (Larramie "Doc" Shaw) is C.J. and Janine's college-aged son. He is a young adult whose interest in young women in his class is so extreme that he'll resort to desperate measures, such as trying out for the cheerleading squad, just to associate with them. Initially, he was often bullied in school as a result of his mother's drug problems. As a result, he is reluctant to welcome her back to the household. It is hinted that he is allergic to peanuts and knows how to cut hair. Beginning with the sixth season, Malik has appeared infrequently, due to Larramie Shaw's work schedule, as he also starred on The Suite Life on Deck on Disney Channel and Pair of Kings on Disney XD. His absence is incorporated into the storyline, as he goes to the ROTC during Season 6 and off to college during Season 7, which is a major continuity error as he advanced from elementary school to college in 4 years. As he prepared to go to college, C.J., Calvin, Curtis, and Floyd bought him three boxes of condoms because they were sure he would be experimenting with sex in college. His sister Jazmine was upset about him leaving for college. While in college, he dates a girl named Summer (Makeda Declet). Malik then marries Summer just that they can have sex. Summer then wants a divorce from Malik to transfer to a college in New England. But since Malik and Summer have only been married for a few weeks, they are qualified for an annulment and that's how their marriage ended.(Episodes 1-239)
Jazmine Payne (China Anne McClain) is C.J. and Janine's daughter. She constantly feels invisible and acts out to get her father's attention while her mother is in rehab. At one point, Jazmine had a brief crush on Malik's friend Kevin. Despite her apparent innocence and youth, throughout the series, she was known to act cruel and mean toward Malik and Kevin and schemed to make them miserable. She is also known to have sarcastic comments and sly plans to get what she wants. For undisclosed reasons, China Anne McClain was written out of the series during the fifth season, which made her the only cast member to not appear in Season 5. She was re-introduced into the series when she returned in the sixth season. It is hinted that she has a fear of mimes that wear hats. On the premiere of the seventh season, she is 12 years old, and Janine lets her wear lip gloss, and she falls in with the wrong crowd. Jazmine has made infrequent appearances since the seventh season, due to China Anne McClain's work schedule, as she also starred in A.N.T. Farm on Disney Channel. (Seasons 1–4, Episodes 127-249)
Janine Payne (née Janine Shelton) (Demetria McKinney), is C.J.'s wife and the mother of Malik, Jazmine, Jayden, and Hayden Payne. A seemingly responsible adult and mother at the very beginning of the series, she is later revealed to be a drug addict and the arsonist who burned down her and C.J.'s home. She and C.J. divorce after she leaves her family. Initially, she was only a recurring character and was rarely seen in the series except in episodes where she associates with Ella Payne, who helps her enter a rehab program and return to the family. Later in the series, she is often criticized by C.J., Curtis, and Malik for her irresponsible actions. She is apparently impregnated by her boyfriend, until an episode reveals that he's sterile. Since C.J. is the only other person, she has had intercourse with (in an earlier episode, where they were intimate when C.J. was drunk), she realizes that C.J. is the father of the coming child. C.J. and Janine remarry at Calvin and Miranda's wedding; almost immediately, her water breaks and she gives birth to twins Jayden and Hayden Payne. Janine's parents are Larry and Liz Shelton. She and C.J. now live in their own home with their four children. In seasons 6-7, her role in the series has grown more central as she focuses more on her career than her home life—and becomes the target of romantic interest from her boss Roland until C.J. gets promoted to commissioner and becomes both Janine and Roland's boss and makes them keep their relationship professional. From that point on, C.J. and Janine both have the same job together and are able focus on both their career and home life together.
Miranda Payne (née Miranda Lucas) (Keshia Knight Pulliam) is Calvin's girlfriend-turned-wife. She was first introduced in Season 1 as a con artist who stole all of Calvin and Curtis' money for an art gallery. The character returned eventually, but what she did to Calvin and Curtis is only very briefly mentioned. She and Calvin married in the Season 4 conclusion. Miranda has a very troubled and bratty nephew; when Calvin was supposed to be in charge of the boy, it was actually the boy who ordered Calvin around. Miranda and Calvin began to have problems in the fifth season. In the beginning of the sixth season, a pregnant Miranda disappears; a couple of episodes later, Miranda says there is no baby, making Calvin believe she had an abortion, but she didn't. She is actually thinking about giving the baby up for adoption. Then, while all three couples (C.J and Janine, Curtis and Ella, Calvin and Miranda) go to a marriage retreat, Miranda asks Calvin for a divorce. But when she and Calvin go to a divorce mediator and get stuck in an elevator, they resolve their marriage problems with help from an "elevator lady" Edi who turns out to be Dr. Marcos, the marriage-retreat counselor. Calvin and Miranda had their baby in Season 7.

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Claretha Jenkins (Denise Burse) is Ella's friend and the Paynes' former next-door neighbor. Curtis constantly jokes about her annoyance at his presence. Claretha has a big mouth; she even rats out the family business to the media in a crime misconception. She is known for having a collection of wigs. She left at the beginning of Season 5 after marrying a "prince." In Season 6, she suddenly leaves the prince and now goes out with Floyd. She has an exceedingly obese daughter named Huretha and was furious and disgusted when she went out with C.J. In the early seasons after Janine left, although Huretha was never seen on the show. In the Season 7 episode "Payneful Visit", it is revealed that she has leukemia. Since Season 7, she is no longer credited as a regular cast member. She appeared in a recurring role. (Seasons 1–6, recurring role in Seasons 7 & 8)
Floyd Jackson (Palmer Williams Jr.) is Curtis' friend and the self-absorbed, proud owner of the Barber Shop. He shows little affection towards individual people, but in times of great need will come out and show affection. His first wife disappeared on him, but after he remarried, the first wife returned looking for a divorce. When he did sign the divorce papers, it turned out she'd written a book, and since he's divorced from her he gets nothing. He has a daughter named Olivia who was dating Zack, one of his barbers.

text: Recurring[edit]

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Larry and Liz Shelton (Dorian Harewood and Anne-Marie Johnson) are Janine's parents and have so far appeared in 5 episodes of the series. Curtis hates their visits. They are upper-class and appear snobbish towards the Payne family. Upon their first appearance, Claretha identifies Janine's father as a "dancer" known as Dimples, though no one believes her. Liz comes off as judgmental. Her relationship with her daughter is usually tested. In a Season 3 episode she stays with the Paynes after being kicked out of her house; she annoys everyone, mostly Ella, Curtis, and Janine. In a later episode, she visits the new twins and constantly criticizes Janine's parenting skills, going as far as to try to change the babies' names. When Janine finally confronts her, Liz reveals that her mother was the same way with her. Liz shows a more compassionate side during her visit in Season 6 after reading a letter to C.J. written by a deceased comrade's child
Eunice Williams (Aloma Wright): is Ella's mother who shows signs of Alzheimer's during her visit with the family. She shows strong dislike toward Curtis, but takes a liking to everyone else. Her last name is only revealed in Season 6 when Ella's maiden name is finally revealed. She reappeared in the Season 8 premiere episode "A Mother's Payne", where Ella and her sister Evie decided to put her in a nursing home after a frightening episode resulting from her Alzheimer's disease. It is then shown that she did take more favor for Ella over Evelyn after she leaves Ella a life insurance policy of $100,000 and Evelyn was going to be left with nothing. In the episode "Amazing Matriarchs", Eunice passes away offscreen. Though the cause of her demise is not mentioned, she most likely succumbed to Alzheimer’s. Ella fought off her grief until Eunice’s memorial service where she finally breaks down and is comforted by Curtis, as a silent Calvin looks on.
Evelyn "Evie" Williams (played by Janet Hubert-Whitten) is Ella's older sister who helps takes care of her sick mother and wants what's best for her.
Jeffrey and Sandra Lucas (Wendell Pierce) and (Valarie Pettiford) : Miranda's wealthy parents who have appeared in Seasons 4–7. Jeffrey is a doctor and Sandra is a lawyer. In season 6, Sandra thought Calvin had something to do with Miranda's disappearance until she resurfaces. In the aftermath, she acts cold towards Calvin but Miranda makes her see reason and change her ways.
Tracie Evans (played by Eva Marcille), is the mother of Calvin's first son Calvin Jr. and Kyle's aunt. Initially, C.J. developed a love interest in her shortly after his break up with Nicole. However, she later confessed to C.J. that she has been dating Calvin. She then breaks up with Calvin to reconcile with her old boyfriend. In Season 5, she returned and tells Calvin that they have a son named Calvin Jr., which upsets Miranda more when she already discovered that Calvin kissed Mercedes. In Season 6, she was in a car accident which claimed the life of her husband. She then asks Calvin and Miranda to take care of Calvin Jr. while she gets herself in order. Eventually she recuperated. She make a pass at Calvin on two occasions: once after Calvin and Miranda intervenes on her visiting unannounced; and the other was in Calvin's "man shower", indicating that she wanted him back. After Calvin pushes her away, she takes Calvin Jr. away from Calvin and Miranda. She then clears Calvin's bank account for back child support, the latter of which Calvin then gets arrested for. Her son is with Calvin for the weekend and when he goes to work and Miranda is asleep, Calvin Jr. plays with matches and sets the condo on fire. Tracie shows up at the hospital, with her new boyfriend, after she gets a call and tells Calvin she's getting full custody of their son and she attempts to fight Miranda and Janine. But soon her son wakes up from the coma, and she neutralizes her problems with Calvin. Until she checks him out and makes it difficult for Calvin to be a father to their son.
Nicole Jamieson (played by Robinne Lee) was C.J.'s ex-girlfriend and Malik and Jazmine's assistant principal. She first appeared in the Season 1 episode "Teacher's Pet" where she visited the Payne household to bring back a hamster Jazmine took from the school. C.J. in the following episode went to the school to pick up the kids home from school only to find Nicole in her office telling him they already left. They were trapped inside the school building due to a storm that hit Atlanta. From there, sparks started to fly between her and C.J. Their relationship soon hit a bump when it is shown that Nicole is mentally unstable. It is most evident as she extremely jealous when C.J. speaks to another woman and even mentions another woman's name. In one episode, it was shown she even gets upset when C.J. says Jazmine's name while on the phone with her, which makes C.J. and Ella believes she is crazy. When C.J. breaks up with her after a huge argument, she gets destructive and breaks dishes at the Payne's house, she even threatened to stab him. Nicole has not been seen since Season 2. In her last appearance, she revealed that she was dating Calvin but that was never addressed again, and she hasn't mentioned since. In the test pilot episodes, Nicole Jamieson was originally portrayed by Rochelle Aytes, where she was Malik's math teacher and was normal and rather soft-spoken.
Kevin (played by Kyre Batiste-Loftin), was Malik's best friend who was a recurring character from Seasons 1–6. He was much like Malik in personality though slightly more dimwitted. He was very kind-hearted and generous despite the rare times he behaved selfishly. He often was involved in Malik's crazy schemes to get girls. He is last seen in the Season 6 episode "Drinking Game" where he and Malik were drinking when they were left alone in the house. He hasn't been seen or mentioned since.
Pookie (played by Quincy Bonds), was one of Calvin's closest friends since childhood; he and his younger brother Peanut act nothing like Calvin as they are both ghetto and appear to be thugs. They are still friendly but can be rough at times. He is last seen in the Season 6 episode "Payne Showers", in which Curtis throws a "man shower" for Calvin. In the Meet The Browns series, Nurse Renee is seen talking on the phone to "Pookie"—this is probably him because the Browns and the Paynes knew each other.
Peanut (played by Clayton English), is Pookie's younger brother; unlike Pookie, Peanut actually has a real name, Clayton. He, along with Pookie, was last seen in the Season 6 episode "Payne Showers". He hasn't been seen since.
Kyle Thompson (played by Dale Neal), was Tracie's nephew and Malik's friend. He appeared from Seasons 1–2. He is originally from Bronx, NY. Like Malik's mother Janine, Kyle's mother had a drug problem, and he was living with Aunt Tracie while his mother was battling her addiction. He and Malik stole Curtis' motorcycle and Curtis pressed charges against both of them, later dropping the charges when he realized that they were too extreme. It is hinted that Kyle dropped out of school. He was last seen in the Season 2 episode "It's a Boy," playing video games with Malik.
Tanya (played by Robin Givens) was C.J.'s girlfriend who appeared from Season 2-4. She started dating C.J. after running into each other in a mutual friend's anniversary (in the episode "It's Getting Hot in Here"). C.J. found out that Tanya danced in an old rap music video when she was younger. Although C.J. and Janine had sex before he and Tanya became a couple, Tanya breaks up with C.J. after she found out he impregnated Janine.
Bryan Dawson (played by Michael Jai White) was Janine's boyfriend in the test pilot episodes and Season 3. He was a former star football player turned investment banker. His first appearance was in "Stop Being All Funky", when he was taking Janine out to dinner with Malik and Jazmine and tries to favor the kids, which irritates C.J. Originally, believed to be the father of Janine's unborn child, Janine revealed that he is sterle which the baby is C.J.'s. Revealed by Janine, Bryan breaks up with her after learning that C.J. impregnated her.
Calvin Jr. (played by Cornelius Benton) is the son of Calvin and Tracie, older half-brother to Christian, and the grandson of Curtis and Ella. He was introduced in the Season 5 episode "Surprise! (Part 1)", he is referred to as C.J. until his name is revealed and Calvin meets him for the first time. In Season 6, he stayed with Calvin and Miranda while Tracie was recovering from an accident. However, Tracie takes him back home after Calvin rejected her advances. He returned in the Season 7 episode "So Hard To Say Goodbye". He was playing with matches while Miranda was sleeping, which caused a fire in Calvin and Miranda's condo. Tracie checked him out of the hospital when he awoke from his coma.
Roland (played by Rick Fox) is Janine's boss, and head of public relations for the fire department. He was introduced in Season 6. His romantic interest in Janine has caused some clashes between him and C.J. Then C.J. becomes his boss after receiving a promotion and after C.J. tells him to keep his relationship with Janine professional, he agrees to do so. C.J. also tells him to hire Calvin after finding out that he needs a new member of the department, but he starts to regret hiring Calvin after having to correct his mistakes, like sending out a press release revealing the wrong day of when the elementary schools are supposed to tour the fire house. It is revealed that Roland is a widower and a recovering alcoholic.
Monica (played by Essence Atkins) is an old friend of Janine who appeared in 5 episodes of the 6th season. She first stayed at Curtis and Ella's house when Ella bought her home from the help center. She was a victim of domestic abuse from her ex-husband. She then stayed with C.J. and Janine until she was able to get back on her feet. She was last seen in the Season 6 finale where she told C.J. she found a new job and moments later, C.J. kisses her just before Janine came home.
Jayden Payne is the older twin brother of Hayden Payne, the younger son of C.J. and Janine. He was born 3 1/2 minutes before Hayden. In the later seasons after his birth, he has grown more than Hayden. He is seen more than Hayden. In Season 7, he is seen with Hayden where it was discovered that he may have autism.
Hayden Payne is the younger twin sister of Jayden Payne, the younger daughter of C.J and Janine. She was born 3 1/2 minutes after Jayden. She was the baby of the Payne family until Miranda and Calvin's baby was born. She is seen less than Jayden. In Season 7, she is seen with Jayden where she appears normal.
Christian Payne is Calvin and Miranda's newborn baby boy. He is also Calvin Jr.'s half-brother. His name was revealed in the Season 7 episode "Payneful Visit". His name was not revealed when Miranda gave birth, but Calvin is heard saying his name when he tells Miranda that Christian is sleeping.
Angel O. Reilz (Joyce Giraud) was the co-worker of Curtis, C.J., Calvin, Keenan, and Bart at the engine 5 company firehouse. Angel is the only female of the firehouse and at times get upset with the guys for being inconsiderate of that fact. At one point she got so upset that she thinks about switching to another engine company and suing them. Angel and Calvin had a tendency to argue all the time; according to Calvin it was because she loved him. When Angel was upset she usually began to speak Spanish. Angel was also known as the best firefighter as evidenced by her several awards and medals. When the guys first meet her they assumed she was going to be a man (Curtis had read the "O" of her middle name with Angel, making it appear as "Angelo")  and threw water on her as a joke. The character has not been seen or mentioned since Season 4.
Bart Holmes (Bart Hansard) was the co-worker of Curtis, C.J., Calvin, Keenan and Angel. He last appeared in the Season 6 episode "How Do You Like Your Roast?", in which he helped honor Curtis for his service as Fire Chief. The character has not been seen since.
Keenan Jared (Cedric Pendleton) was the co-worker of Curtis, C.J., Calvin, Bart and Angel. He last appeared in the Season 8 episode "Number Five's Fight", in which he protested against C.J.'s decision to close down engine 5 company firehouse.
Delante (Jason Dirden) used to cut hair at the barbershop. He was also one of Calvin's friends. In later episodes, Delante lived in the barbershop until Floyd found him and invited him to live with him. He had a brief relationship with Dana. He got married to some girl he met at the skating rink and moves away to Arizona at the beginning of Season 5. He has not been seen since.
Kiki (Bobbi Baker) is a barber at the Barber Shop. She isn't afraid to ask questions that others are thinking and is very abrupt. In Season 5, she helped get her brother hired, but he turned out to be a drug dealer, dealing drugs in the Barber Shop. She finds out in a later episode that he was shot. Kiki hasn't been seen or mentioned since Season 5, except for a brief appearance in the Season 6 episode "Rehabilitation".
Dana Carter (Denyce Lawton) has her own manicure stand at the Barber Shop. She is usually seen watching clients storm off angrily, not knowing what she said to anger them. In one episode her parents visited, thinking she was a doctor on vacation. She is of African American and Korean ethnicity. Dana hasn't been seen or mentioned since season 5.
Zack (Gary Owen) (Season 5) is the white barber who replaced Delante. He is a nice guy but he has trouble fitting in with black people, although they do like him. It was revealed that he had a date with Kiki prior to working at the barber shop. He was interested in Floyd's daughter Olivia. He is somewhat similar to Isaac Rosenberg (Troy Garity) in the films Barbershop and Barbershop 2: Back in Business. Zack hasn't been seen or mentioned since season 5.
Deshawn Spears (Bobb'e J. Thompson) is Curtis and Ella's recently acquired foster child. Deshawn comes from a broken home, and was initially hostile towards the Paynes, as he has had trouble with foster homes in the past. He later comes to accept that the Paynes are nice people that will take care of him. In the Season 8 episode "Mentoring Paynes", Curtis and Ella officially become his foster parents. However, in the episode "In Payne", he decides to live with his mother.

text: The Hernandez family[edit]

text: The Hernandez family were the Paynes' new Hispanic next-door neighbors who move into Claretha's old house, bringing their own family drama in the fifth season.

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Carlos Hernandez (Mel Rodriguez) is the patriarch of the family. He works as a police officer and he and Curtis often fight over petty things but eventually, the two began to bond and they show some similarities to each other. He was last seen in the episode "I Don't Know This Payne".
Rosalita "Rosie" Hernandez (Marlene Forte) Carlos' wife and the mother of Diego, Mercedes, and Alex. Her and Ella became friends and they briefly worked together in a boutique retail store called "Ginger Pink". She was last seen in the episode "Moving Out".
Consuela Hernandez (Renee Victor) Rosie's mother and the grandmother of Diego, Mercedes, and Alex. She is usually seen drinking beer and watching TV, who shows some similarities to Curtis. In the episode "Slightly Payneful Truth", Curtis and Malik helped her get her citizenship. She was last seen in the episode "Moving Out".
Diego Hernandez (J.R. Ramirez) is the eldest Hernandez child. He had problems with his father; mainly due to his anger and depression from being in the war in Iraq. He also becomes a close friend to Calvin. He was last seen in the season 6 episode "Seal of Approval",  giving advice to Malik about joining the ROTC.
Alexandra "Alex" Hernandez (Veronica Sixtos) is the youngest Hernandez child, who Malik has a crush on. In the episode "A Sister's Payne", Alex becomes Malik's girlfriend. She was last seen in the episode "A Grand Payne".
Mercedes Hernandez (Susie Castillo) is the middle Hernandez child. She becomes a friend and confidant of Calvin when he was having marital issues with Miranda. She and Calvin becomes co-partners at business in marketing. Her and Calvin have their shared kisses with each other, keeping it from Miranda until Diego revealed the truth. She was last seen in the episode "Surprise: (Part 2)".

text: Setting[edit]

text: Locations in Atlanta, Georgia include the Payne's home, a firehouse located across the street from the Paynes' house, a barbershop, the help center, and the schools Malik and Jazmine attend. The Payne home is a one-story building, and 5 rooms are featured throughout the series: Curtis and Ella's bedroom, Malik and Jazmine's shared bedroom, the spare bedroom (which was Calvin's until he moved out), the kitchen, and the living room, and the outside patio. Calvin, C.J. and Janine's rooms were never seen. The only part of the firehouse seen on camera was its day room. The firehouse and its characters were phased out around Seasons 3 and 4. The barbershop is a setting often used from Seasons 2-5, and it is similar to that of Ice Cube's Barbershop movies. Miranda and Calvin's condo was added. The living room was the only room that was shown. C.J. and Janine's house is another setting added on to the series. The kitchen and the living were always seen on camera. None of the bedrooms were ever shown. The university Malik attended was a more recent setting and various areas were shown. And C.J.'s office where him and Janine work was another setting that was added to the series. Also, the Help Center where Ella works was shown in various forms.

text: Other Cast[edit]

text:
Keke Palmer as Nikki Grady-Simmons (Season 1)
Eva Marcille as Tracie (Seasons 1–2 and Season 5-7)
Bart Hansard as Bart Holmes (Seasons 1–4 and 6)
Cedric Pendleton as Keenan Jared (Seasons 1–4, 6 and 8)
Joyce Giraud as Angel (Seasons 1–4)
Dorian Harewood as Larry Shelton (Seasons 1, 3, and 5)
Anne-Marie Johnson as Liz Shelton (Seasons 1, 3, 5 and 6)
Robinne Lee as Nicole Jamieson (Seasons 1–2)
Rochelle Aytes as Nicole Jamieson (2006 syndicated pilot episodes)
Sierra Aylina McClain as Jasmine (Season 1)
Katie Rowlett as Beverly (Season 1)
Arvell Poe as Fishbone (Season 1)
Quincy Bonds as Pookie (Seasons 1–6)
Clayton English as Peanut (Seasons 1–6)
Kyre Batiste-Loftin as Kevin (Seasons 1–6)
Jamie Moore as Walter (Season 1)
Dale Neal as Kyle (Seasons 1–2)
Wilbur Fitzgerald as Bill (Season 1)
Robin Givens as Tanya (Seasons 2–4)
Michael Jai White as Bryan (2006 syndicated pilot episodes and Season 3)
Femi Emiola as Sheila (Season 3)
Jason Dirden as Delante (Seasons 3–4)
Denyce Lawton as Dana Carter (Seasons 3–5)
Bobbi Baker as KiKi (Seasons 3–6)
Iona Morris as Bernice (Season 3)
Dorien Wilson as Andrew (Season 4)
Wendell Pierce as Jeffrey Lucas (Seasons 4–5)
Valarie Pettiford as Sandra Lucas (Seasons 4–7)
Marvin Winans as Pastor Richards (Seasons 4–5, and 8)
Demille Cole-Heard as Calvin Jr. (Seasons 5–8)
Marlene Forte as Rosalita Hernandez (Season 5)
Mel Rodriguez as Carlos Hernandez (Season 5)
Renée Victor as Consuela Hernandez (Season 5)
Susie Castillo as Mercedes Hernandez (Season 5)
J.R. Ramirez as Diego Hernandez (Seasons 5–6)
Veronica Sixtos as Alexandra Hernandez (Season 5)
Gary Owen as Zack (Season 5)
Roberto Roman as Andy Rodriguez (Season 5)
Boris Kodjoe as David (Season 5)
Aloma Wright as Eunice (Seasons 5 and 8)
Gladys Knight as Herself (Season 5)
Kinnik Sky as Nurse Jones (Season 5)
Ben Vereen as Clarence (Season 6)
Penny Johnson Jerald as Maxine Bannet (Season 6)
Essence Atkins as Monica (Season 6)
Rick Fox as Roland (Seasons 6–8)
Heavy D as P-Rock (Season 7)
Janet Hubert-Whitten as Evie (Evelyn) (Season 8)
Corey Holcomb as Damon (Season 8)
Sherman Hemsley as George Jefferson (Season 8)
Marla Gibbs as Florence Johnston (Season 8)
Sheryl Lee Ralph as Felicia Starr (Season 8)
Shaun T. as Mo Pex (Season 8)
Troy Winbush as Travis Harris (Season 8)
Makeda Declet as Summer (Season 8)

text: NAACP Image Awards & Nominations[edit]

text: 2008, 2009, 2010, 2011, 2012: Outstanding Comedy Series

text: 2008, 2009: Outstanding Actor in a Comedy Series (Lavan Davis); nominated in 2010 and 2011.

text: 2009, 2010, 2013: Outstanding Actress in a Comedy Series (Cassi Davis); nominated in 2011.

text: 2009, 2010, 2012: Outstanding Supporting Actress in a Comedy Series (Keshia Knight Pulliam); nominated in 2011.

text: 2008, 2009, 2010, 2013: Outstanding Supporting Actor in a Comedy Series (Lance Gross); nominated in 2011.

text: Special appearances[edit]

text:
Tyler Perry as Madea (Seasons 1–3)
Keke Palmer as Nikki Grady-Simmons (Season 1)
Tamela Mann as Cora Simmons (Seasons 1 and 6)
David Mann as Mr. Leroy Brown (Seasons 1 and 6)
Lamman Rucker as Will Brown (Season 1)
Marvin Winans as Pastor Richards (Seasons 4−5, and 8)
Dorien Wilson as Andrew (Season 4)
Gladys Knight as Herself (Season 5)
Boris Kodjoe as David (Season 5)
Ben Vereen as Clarence (Season 6)
Rick Fox as Roland (Seasons 6–7)
Jacob Latimore as Dante (Season 7)
Shameik Moore as Andre (Season 7)
Heavy D as P-Rock (Season 7)
Sherman Hemsley as George Jefferson (Season 8)
Marla Gibbs as Florence Johnston (Season 8)
Sheryl Lee Ralph as Felicia Starr (Season 8)
Shaun T as himself (Season 8)

text: Syndicated reruns[edit]

text:
The CW began airing reruns of Tyler Perry's House of Payne on its CW Plus stations on September 22, 2008.
This series reran in broadcast syndication on the Fox, My Network TV, and The CW affiliations.
Caribbean Broadcasting Corporation, began airing reruns of Tyler Perry's House of Payne on CBC TV-8, Barbados in 2012.
House of Payne was the only situation comedy to be sold into broadcast syndication for the 2008–2009 television season.
BET began airing re-runs in November 2015.

text: Madea connections[edit]

text: Tyler Perry's claim to fame is with the popularity of character Madea, who has appeared in numerous Tyler Perry plays and their film adaptations. When the series debuted on TBS in June 2007, Perry made a guest appearance as Madea. Actor David Mann reprised his Mr. Brown role, and Keke Palmer returned as Nikki, a bully who stole $20 worth of Malik's lunch money over a period of time, money which Madea, Nikki's foster mother, used at a casino. Perry returned as Madea for a Christmas episode of the show on December 5, 2007. Perry again returned as Madea to act as Curtis's wife on March 5, 2008. She has appeared in one episode every season, save seasons 4 and 5. She is one of Curtis' arch enemies.

text: In the series, Janine's drug problem and going to rehab are possible references to Diary of a Mad Black Woman. The events of the episodes "Sad, Sad, Leroy Brown" parts 1 and 2 came directly before the movie Meet the Browns, when Brown learns his father has died. The events of the episode "Weeping May Endure for a Night" happened somewhere in the middle, directly after the funeral and the reading of the will, where Brown found out that his father left him a broken-down house which Brown turned into a retirement home. Even though in the episode "Weeping May Endure for a Night", the Paynes claim to have attended the funeral of Brown's father, in Meet the Browns, they are nowhere to be seen. This may be because Lance Gross, who plays Calvin Payne in the series, plays a character named Michael in the film and LaVan Davis, who plays Curtis Payne, plays a bus driver. Curtis claimed Brown made them wait in the cemetery for two hours while he gave his father a tour of Atlanta (his last request), but in the movie, Brown stayed the entire time. The episodes serve as a backdoor pilot to Tyler Perry's Meet the Browns, a spin-off of the film and play as well as House of Payne.

text: Meet the Browns crossovers[edit]

text: There have been crossovers on House of Payne from Meet the Browns:

text:
In the episode "I Can Cry If I Want To", Brown attended Curtis's 50th birthday party and stresses the Paynes out while he is there.
In the episode "Sad, Sad, Leroy Brown (Part 1)", when Brown's house burnt down and he gets kicked out of Cora's best friend's house. He stays at the Paynes' residence, much to Curtis's dismay and soon becomes a pestering houseguest.
In the episode "Sad, Sad, Leroy Brown (Part 2)", when the Paynes tries to kick Brown out of the house, Brown claimed that Curtis broke his back, but Curtis knows the truth that Brown's back was not in pain, and he only faked it to get the Paynes to let him stay with them. However, Ella believes Brown and insisted on him staying with them until his back gets better.
In the episode "Weeping May Endure for a Night", Brown, Cora, and Will come by the Paynes' residence after Pop Brown's funeral. Brown is upset because Pop Brown left him a run-down house which makes Brown think his daddy hates him until he realizes that Pop Brown wanted him to open up a retirement home.
In the episode "Meet the Christmas Spirit" (Meet the Browns), Curtis and Ella Payne drop in for a visit at the hospital to put on a play for the children.
In the episode "Oh Christmas Payne", Brown and Cora drop in for a visit.
In the episodes "What You Know About Me" and "Payneful Divorce", Cora's former high school student, Milo Jackson, attended the same college as Malik.

text: Releases[edit]

text: Lionsgate Home Entertainment has released the first 10 volumes on DVD in Region 1. It is unknown about the release of the two remaining volumes. According to listings of the previous volumes through Amazon.com, the series DVD releases has been put out of print.

text:
DVD Title
Ep #
Release Date
Blu-ray Disc

Tyler Perry's House of Payne Volume 1
1–20
December 4, 2007

Tyler Perry's House of Payne Volume 2
21–40
July 1, 2008

Tyler Perry's House of Payne Volume 3
41–60
January 13, 2009

Tyler Perry's House of Payne Volume 4
61–80
June 16, 2009

Tyler Perry's House of Payne Volume 5
81–100
January 13, 2010

Tyler Perry's House of Payne Volume 6
101–124
February 8, 2011[9]

Tyler Perry's House of Payne Volume 7
125–148
April 5, 2011

Tyler Perry's House of Payne Volume 8
149–172
June 14, 2011

Tyler Perry's House of Payne Volume 9
173–192
June 19, 2012[10]

Tyler Perry's House of Payne Volume 10
193–212
March 5, 2013[11]

Tyler Perry's House of Payne Volume 11
213–233
TBA

Tyler Perry's House of Payne Volume 12
234–254
TBA


document_title: Server (computing)

question_text: a large collection of servers is called a(n)

question_tokens: a large collection of servers is called a ( n )

text: Server (computing)

text: History[edit]

text: The use of the word server in computing comes from queueing theory,[3] where it dates to the mid 20th century, being notably used in Kendall (1953) (along with "service"), the paper that introduced Kendall's notation. In earlier papers, such as the Erlang (1909), more concrete terms such as "[telephone] operators" are used.

text: In computing, "server" dates at least to RFC 5 (1969),[4] one of the earliest documents describing ARPANET (the predecessor of Internet), and is contrasted with "user", distinguishing two types of host: "server-host" and "user-host". The use of "serving" also dates to early documents, such as RFC 4,[5] contrasting "serving-host" with "using-host".

text: The Jargon File defines "server" in the common sense of a process performing service for requests, usually remote, with the 1981 (1.1.0) version reading:

text: SERVER n. A kind of DAEMON which performs a service for the requester, which often runs on a computer other than the one on which the server runs.

text: Operation[edit]

text: Strictly speaking, the term server refers to a computer program or process (running program). Through metonymy, it refers to a device used for (or a device dedicated to) running one or several server programs. On a network, such a device is called a host. In addition to server, the words serve and service (as noun and as verb) are frequently used, though servicer and servant are not.[a] The word service (noun) may refer to either the abstract form of functionality, e.g. Web service. Alternatively, it may refer to a computer program that turns a computer into a server, e.g. Windows service. Originally used as "servers serve users" (and "users use servers"), in the sense of "obey", today one often says that "servers serve data", in the same sense as "give". For instance, web servers "serve [up] web pages to users" or "service their requests".

text: The server is part of the client–server model; in this model, a server serves data for clients. The nature of communication between a client and server is request and response. This is in contrast with peer-to-peer model in which the relationship is on-demand reciprocation. In principle, any computerized process that can be used or called by another process (particularly remotely, particularly to share a resource) is a server, and the calling process or processes is a client. Thus any general purpose computer connected to a network can host servers. For example, if files on a device are shared by some process, that process is a file server. Similarly, web server software can run on any capable computer, and so a laptop or a personal computer can host a web server.

text: While request–response is the most common client–server design, there are others, such as the publish–subscribe pattern. In the publish–subscribe pattern, clients register with a pub–sub server, subscribing to specified types of messages; this initial registration may be done by request–response. Thereafter, the pub–sub server forwards matching messages to the clients without any further requests: the server pushes messages to the client, rather than the client pulling messages from the server as in request–response.[6]

text: When referring to hardware, the word server typically designates computer models specialized for their role. In general, a server performs its role better than a generic personal computer.

text: Purpose[edit]

text: The purpose of a server is to share data as well as to share resources and distribute work. A server computer can serve its own computer programs as well; depending on the scenario, this could be part of a quid pro quo transaction, or simply a technical possibility. The following table shows several scenarios in which a server is used.

text:
Server type

Purpose

Clients

Application server

Hosts web apps (computer programs that run inside a web browser) allowing users in the network to run and use them, without having to install a copy on their own computers. Unlike what the name might imply, these servers need not be part of the World Wide Web; any local network would do.

Computers with a web browser

Catalog server

Maintains an index or table of contents of information that can be found across a large distributed network, such as computers, users, files shared on file servers, and web apps. Directory servers and name servers are examples of catalog servers.

Any computer program that needs to find something on the network, such a Domain member attempting to log in, an email client looking for an email address, or a user looking for a file

Communications server

Maintains an environment needed for one communication endpoint (user or devices) to find other endpoints and communicate with them. It may or may not include a directory of communication endpoints and a presence detection service, depending on the openness and security parameters of the network

Communication endpoints (users or devices)

Computing server

Shares vast amounts of computing resources, especially CPU and random-access memory, over a network.

Any computer program that needs more CPU power and RAM than a personal computer can probably afford. The client must be a networked computer; otherwise, there would be no client–server model.

Database server

Maintains and shares any form of database (organized collections of data with predefined properties that may be displayed in a table) over a network.

Spreadsheets, accounting software, asset management software or virtually any computer program that consumes well-organized data, especially in large volumes

Fax server

Shares one or more fax machines over a network, thus eliminating the hassle of physical access

Any fax sender or recipient

File server

Shares files and folders, storage space to hold files and folders, or both, over a network

Networked computers are the intended clients, even though local programs can be clients

Game server

Enables several computers or gaming devices to play multiplayer games

Personal computers or gaming consoles

Mail server

Makes email communication possible in the same way that a post office makes snail mail communication possible

Senders and recipients of email

Media server

Shares digital video or digital audio over a network through media streaming (transmitting content in a way that portions received can be watched or listened to as they arrive, as opposed to downloading an entire file and then using it)

User-attended personal computers equipped with a monitor and a speaker

Print server

Shares one or more printers over a network, thus eliminating the hassle of physical access

Computers in need of printing something

Sound server

Enables computer programs to play and record sound, individually or cooperatively

Computer programs of the same computer and network clients.

Proxy server

Acts as an intermediary between a client and a server, accepting incoming traffic from the client and sending it to the server. Reasons for doing so includes content control and filtering, improving traffic performance, preventing unauthorized network access or simply routing the traffic over a large and complex network.

Any networked computer

Virtual server

Shares hardware and software resources with other virtual servers. It exists only as defined within specialized software called hypervisor. The hypervisor presents virtual hardware to the server as if it were real physical hardware[7]. Server virtualization allows for a more efficient infrastructure.

Any networked computer

Web server

Hosts web pages. A web server is what makes the World Wide Web possible. Each website has one or more web servers.

Computers with a web browser

text: Almost the entire structure of the Internet is based upon a client–server model. High-level root nameservers, DNS, and routers direct the traffic on the internet. There are millions of servers connected to the Internet, running continuously throughout the world[8] and virtually every action taken by an ordinary Internet user requires one or more interactions with one or more server. There are exceptions that do not use dedicated servers; for example peer-to-peer file sharing, some implementations of telephony (e.g. pre-Microsoft Skype).

text: Hardware requirement[edit]

text: Hardware requirement for servers vary widely, depending on the server's purpose and its software.

text: Since servers are usually accessed over a network, many run unattended without a computer monitor or input device, audio hardware and USB interfaces. Many servers do not have a graphical user interface (GUI).  They are configured and managed remotely. Remote management can be conducted via various methods including Microsoft Management Console (MMC), PowerShell, SSH and browser-based out-of-band management systems such as Dell's iDRAC or HP's iLo.

text: Large servers[edit]

text: Large traditional single servers would need to be run for long periods without interruption. Availability would have to be very high, making hardware reliability and durability extremely important. Mission-critical enterprise servers would be very fault tolerant and use specialized hardware with low failure rates in order to maximize uptime. Uninterruptible power supplies might be incorporated to insure against power failure. Servers typically include hardware redundancy such as dual power supplies, RAID disk systems, and ECC memory,[9] along with extensive pre-boot memory testing and verification. Critical components might be hot swappable, allowing technicians to replace them on the running server without shutting it down, and to guard against overheating, servers might have more powerful fans or use water cooling. They will often be able to be configured, powered up and down or rebooted remotely, using out-of-band management, typically based on IPMI. Server casings are usually flat and wide, and designed to be rack-mounted.

text: These types of servers are often housed in dedicated data centers. These will normally have very stable power and Internet and increased security. Noise is also less of a concern, but power consumption and heat output can be a serious issue. Server rooms are equipped with air conditioning devices.

text: Clusters[edit]

text: A server farm or server cluster is a collection of computer servers maintained by an organization to supply server functionality far beyond the capability of a single device. Modern data centers are now often built of very large clusters of much simpler servers,[10] and there is a collaborative effort, Open Compute Project around this concept.

text: Appliances[edit]

text: A class of small specialist servers called network appliances are generally at the low end of the scale, often being smaller than common desktop computers.

text: Operating systems[edit]

text: On the Internet the dominant operating systems among servers are UNIX-like open source distributions, such as those based on Linux and FreeBSD,[11] with Windows Server also having a very significant share. Proprietary operating systems such as z/OS and macOS Server are also deployed, but in much smaller numbers.

text: Specialist server-oriented operating systems have traditionally had features such as:

text:
GUI not available or optional
Ability to reconfigure and update both hardware and software to some extent without restart
Advanced backup facilities to permit regular and frequent online backups of critical data,
Transparent data transfer between different volumes or devices
Flexible and advanced networking capabilities
Automation capabilities such as daemons in UNIX and services in Windows
Tight system security, with advanced user, resource, data, and memory protection.
Advanced detection and alerting on conditions such as overheating, processor and disk failure.[12]

text: In practice, today many desktop and server operating systems share similar code bases, differing mostly in configuration.

text: Energy consumption[edit]

text: In 2010, data centers (servers, cooling, and other electrical infrastructure) were responsible for 1.1-1.5% of electrical energy consumption worldwide and 1.7-2.2% in the United States.[13] One estimate is that total energy consumption for information and communications technology saves more than 5 times its carbon footprint[14] in the rest of the economy by enabling efficiency.


document_title: Timeline of rocket and missile technology

question_text: when did the first rocket launched into space

text: 11th century[edit]

text: 11th century AD - The first documented record of gunpowder and the fire arrow, an early form of rocketry, appears in the Chinese text Wujing Zongyao.

text: 17th century-19th century[edit]

text:
1633 - Lagâri Hasan Çelebi launched a 7-winged rocket using 50 okka (140 lbs) of gunpowder from Sarayburnu, the point below Topkapı Palace in Istanbul.[1]
1650 - Artis Magnae Artilleriae pars prima ("Great Art of Artillery, the First Part") is printed in Amsterdam, about a year before the death of its author, Kazimierz Siemienowicz.
1664 - A "space rocket" is imagined as a future technology to be studied in France and its drawing is ordered by French finance minister Colbert; designed by Le Brun on a Gobelins tapestry [2] (see: French space program)
1798 - Tipu Sultan, the King of the state of Mysore in India, develops and uses iron rockets against the British Army (see Mysorean rockets).
1801 - The British Army develops the Congreve rocket based on weapons used against them by Tipu Sultan.
1806 - Claude Ruggieri, an Italian living in France, launched animals on rockets and recovered them using parachutes. He was prevented from launching a child by police.[3]
1813 - "A Treatise on the Motion of Rockets" by William Moore – first appearance of the rocket equation
1818 - Henry Trengrouse demonstrates his rocket apparatus for projecting a lifeline from a wrecked ship to the shore, later widely adopted
1844 - William Hale invents the spin-stabilized rocket
1861 - William Leitch publishes an essay "A Journey Through Space" (later published in his book God's Glory in the Heavens (1862)), introducing the concept of using rockets to propel a vehicle carrying people into space, to visit the Moon and other planets.
1865 - Jules Verne publishes From the Earth to the Moon as a humorous science fantasy story about a space gun launching a manned spacecraft equipped with rockets for landing on the Moon, but eventually used for another orbital maneuver.

text: 20th century[edit]

text:
1902 - French cinema pioneer Georges Méliès directs A Trip to the Moon, the first film about space travel.
1903 - Konstantin Tsiolkovsky begins a series of papers discussing the use of rocketry to reach outer space, space suits, and colonization of the solar system. Two key points discussed in his works are liquid fuels and staging.
1913 - Without knowing the work of Russian mathematician Konstantin Tsiolkovsky, French engineer Robert Esnault-Pelterie derived the equations for space flight, produced a paper that presented the rocket equation and calculated the energies required to reach the Moon and nearby planets.[4]
1922 - Hermann Oberth publishes his scientific work about rocketry and space exploration: Die Rakete zu den Planetenräumen ("By Rocket into Planetary Space").
1924 - Society for Studies of Interplanetary Travel founded in Moscow by Konstantin Tsiolkovsky, Friedrich Zander and 200 other space and rocket experts
1926 - Robert Goddard launches the first liquid fuel rocket.
1927 - Verein für Raumschiffahrt (VfR - "Spaceflight Society") founded in Germany.
1929 - Woman in the Moon, considered to be one of the first "serious" science fiction films.
1931 - Friedrich Schmiedl attempts the first rocket mail service in Austria
1935 - Emilio Herrera Linares from Spain designed and made the first full-pressured astronaut suit, called the escafandra estratonáutica. The Russians then used a model of Herrera's suit when first flying into space of which the Americans would then later adopt when creating their own space program.
1937 - Peenemünde Army Research Center founded in Germany
1938 - The  Projectile Development Establishment founded at Fort Halstead for the United Kingdom's research into military solid-fuel rockets.
1939 - Katyusha multiple rocket launchers (Russian: Катюша) are a type of rocket artillery first built and fielded by the Soviet Union.
1941 -  French rocket EA-41 is launched, being the first European liquid propellant working rocket[5]
1941 - Jet Assisted Take Off JATO installed on US Army Air Corp Ercoupe aircraft occurred on 12 August in March Field, California.
1942 - Wernher von Braun and Walter Dornberger launch the first V-2 rocket at Peenemünde in northern Germany.
1942 - A V-2 rocket reaches an altitude of 85 km.
1944 - The V-2 rocket MW 18014 reaches an altitude of 176 km, becoming the first man-made object in space.
1945 - Lothar Sieber dies after the first vertical take-off manned rocket flight in a Bachem Ba 349 "Natter"
1945 - Operation Paperclip takes 1,600 German rocket scientists and technicians to the United States
1945 - Operation Osoaviakhim takes 2,000 German rocket scientists and technicians to the Soviet Union
1946 - First flight of the Nike missile, later the first operational surface-to-air guided missile
1947 - Chuck Yeager achieves the first manned supersonic flight in a Bell X-1 rocket-powered aircraft
1949 - Willy Ley publishes The Conquest of Space
1952 - 22 May, French Véronique 1 rocket is launched from the Algerian desert.
1952 - Wernher von Braun discusses the technical details of a manned exploration of Mars in Das Marsprojekt.
1953 - Colliers Magazine publishes a series of articles on man's future in space, igniting the interest of people around the world. The series includes numerous articles by Ley and von Braun, illustrated by Chesley Bonestell.
1956 - First launch of PGM-17 Thor, the first US ballistic missile and forerunner of the Delta space launch rockets
1957 - Launch of the first ICBM, the USSR's R-7 (8K71), known to NATO as the SS-6 Sapwood.
1957 - The USSR launches Sputnik 1, the first artificial satellite.
1958 - The U.S. launches Explorer 1, the first American artificial satellite, on a Jupiter-C rocket.
1958 - US launches their first ICBM, the Atlas-B (the Atlas-A was a test article only).
1961 - the USSR launches Vostok 1, Yuri Gagarin reached a height of 327 km above Earth and was the first man to orbit Earth.
1961 - US, a Mercury capsule named Freedom 7 with  Alan B. Shepard, spacecraft was launched by a Redstone rocket on a ballistic trajectory suborbital flight.
1962 - The US launches Mercury MA-6 (Friendship 7) on an Atlas D booster, John Glenn finally puts America in orbit.
1963 - The USSR launches Vostok 6, Valentina Tereshkova was the first woman (and first civilian) to orbit Earth. She remained in space for nearly three days and orbited the Earth 48 times.
1963 - US X-15 rocket-plane, the first reusable manned spacecraft (suborbital) reaches space, pioneering reusability, carried launch and glide landings.
1965 - USSR Proton rocket, highly successful launch vehicle with notable payloads, Salyut 6 & Salyut 7, Mir & ISS components
1965 - Robert Salked investigates various single stage to orbit spaceplane concepts[6][7][8]
1966 - USSR Luna 9, the first soft landing on the Moon
1966 - USSR launches Soyuz spacecraft, longest-running series of spacecraft, eventually serving Soviet, Russian and International space missions.
1969 - US Apollo 11, first men on the Moon, first lunar surface extravehicular activity.
1981 - US space shuttle pioneers reusability and glide landings
1998 - US Deep Space 1 is first deep space mission to use an ion thruster for propulsion.
1998 - Russia launch Zarya module which is the first part of the International Space Station.

text: 21st century[edit]

text:
2001 - Russian Soyuz spacecraft sent the first space tourist Dennis Tito to International Space Station.[9]
2004 - US-based, first privately developed, manned (suborbital) spaceflight, SpaceShipOne demonstrates reusability.[10]
2008 - SpaceX—with their Falcon 1 rocket—became the first private entity to successfully launch a rocket into orbit.[11]
2012 - The SpaceX Dragon space capsule—launched aboard a Falcon 9 launch vehicle—was the first private spacecraft to  successfully dock with another spacecraft, and was also the first private capsule to dock at the International Space Station.[12]
2014 - First booster rocket returning from an orbital trajectory to achieve a zero-velocity-at-zero-altitude propulsive vertical landing.  The first-stage booster of Falcon 9 Flight 9 made the first successful controlled ocean soft touchdown of a liquid-rocket-engine orbital booster on April 18, 2014.[13][14]
2015 - SpaceX's Falcon 9 Flight 20 was the first time that the first stage of an orbital rocket made a successful return and vertical landing.[15]
2017 - SpaceX's Falcon 9 SES-10 was the first time a used orbital rocket made a successful return [16]
2018 - The Electron rocket was the first New-Zealand rocket to achieve orbit. The rocket is also unique in using an electric pump-fed engine. The rocket also carried an additional satellite payload called "Humanity Star", a 1-meter-wide (3 ft) carbon fiber sphere made up of 65 panels that reflect the Sun's light.[17]


document_title: Winning Colors (horse)

question_text: when did winning colors win the kentucky derby

text: Winning Colors (horse)

text: Background[edit]

text: Winning Colors was bred in Florida by Echo Valley Farm. During her racing career she was owned by Eugene V. Klein and trained by D. Wayne Lukas.

text: Her sire, Caro, was a top-class performer (rated 133 by Timeform), whose wins included the Poule d'Essai des Poulains, Prix Ganay and Prix d'Ispahan, before becoming a very successful breeding stallion. Caro's other progeny included Madelia, Crystal Palace, Cozzene Theia and Siberian Express. Winning Colors dam, All Rainbows won seven races and finished third in the Delaware Oaks.[2] and was also a half-sister to Chris Evert.[3]

text: Racing career[edit]

text: 1987: two-year-old season[edit]

text: Racing on the West Coast of the United States for trainer D. Wayne Lukas, Winning Colors won both of her starts at age two.

text: 1988: three-year-old season[edit]

text: In the spring of 1988, the large filly won the Santa Anita Derby, defeating colts her age by 7½ lengths. Sent to Churchill Downs for the Kentucky Derby, she was up against a stellar field of colts including Risen Star, Seeking the Gold, Forty Niner, Regal Classic, and co-favorite Private Terms. As was her habit, Winning Colors broke fast and raced to the lead. Although Forty Niner made a charge in the homestretch, she held him off to win by a neck.

text: In the Preakness Stakes, the second leg of the U.S. Triple Crown, Winning Colors finished third to Risen Star, who then won the 1½ mile Belmont Stakes by fifteen lengths while Winning Colors finished out of the money.

text: In the fall of 1988, Winning Colors finished second to Ogden Phipps' filly Personal Ensign in the Maskette Stakes. The two fillies next met in the Breeders' Cup Distaff at Churchill Downs. Winning Colors had the lead with 10 yards to go when Personal Ensign, who had struggled throughout the race because of the sloppy track, rallied and won by what the U.S. Racing Hall of Fame describes as a "lip." After the race, Winning Colors' trainer, D. Wayne Lukas, said that she had run the best race of her career.

text: 1989: four-year-old season[edit]

text: In 1989 Winning Colors raced in her final campaign at age four and won two of her seven races, hampered by breathing difficulties and surgery.

text: Assessment and honors[edit]

text: Winning Colors was voted the 1988 Eclipse Award for Outstanding 3-Year-Old Filly.

text: In 2000, Winning Colors was inducted into the United States' National Museum of Racing and Hall of Fame.

text: Retirement[edit]

text: As a broodmare, Winning Colors produced ten foals and six winners:

text:
Shbakni, a brown filly, foaled in 1991, sired by Mr Prospector. Failed to win in 14 races.
Minden Rose, gray filly, 1992, by Mr Prospector. Won one race.[4]
Golden Colors, bay filly, 1993,by Mr Prospector. Won three races.[5]
Danzig Colors, bay filly, 1994, by Danzig. Won three races.[6]
Stormin Winnie, gray filly, 1995, by Storm Cat. Unraced.
Will Will Win, chestnut colt, 1996, by Rahy. Won three races in South Africa.
Northwest Colors, bay filly, 1998, by Broad Brush. Won one race.[7]
Dr Litin, gray colt, 1999, by Broad Brush. Failed to win in three races.
Ocean Colors, gray filly, 2006, by Orientate. Won three races.[8]
Silver Colors, gray filly, 2007, by Mr Greeley. Failed to win in four races.

text: Winning Colors was euthanized February 17, 2008, at the age of 23 as a result of complications from colic. She was in foal to Mr. Greeley. She is buried at Greentree Farm, a division of Gainesway Farm near Lexington, Kentucky.[9]

text: Pedigree[edit]

text:
Pedigree of Wining Colors (USA), grey mare, 1985[1]

Sire
Caro (IRE)
1967
Fortino (FR)
1959
Grey Sovereign
Nasrullah

Kong

Ranavalo
Relic

Navarra

Chambord (GB)
1955
Chamossaire
Precipitation

Snowberry

Life Hill
Solario

Lady of the Snows

Dam
All Rainbows (USA)
1973
Bold Hour (USA)
1964
Bold Ruler
Nasrullah

Miss Disco

Seven Thirty
Mr Music

Time To Dine

Miss Carmie (USA)
1966
T V Lark
Indian Hemp

Miss Larksfly

Twice Over
Ponder

Twosy (Family: 23-b)[3]


document_title: List of Los Angeles Kings seasons

question_text: when was the last time the la kings made the playoffs

text: List of Los Angeles Kings seasons

text: This is a list of seasons completed by the Los Angeles Kings of the National Hockey League. This list documents the records and playoff results for all seasons the Kings have completed in the NHL since their inception in 1967.

text: Stanley Cup Champions   Conference Champions   Division Champions   Playoff Berth  League leaders

text: Note: GP = Games played, W = Wins, L = Losses, T = Ties, OTL = Overtime losses/Shootout losses, Pts = Points, GF = Goals for, GA = Goals against, PIM = Penalties in minutes

text:
Season
Team
GP
W
L
T
OTL
Pts
GF
GA
PIM
Finish
Playoffs

1967–68
1967–68
74
31
33
10
--
72
200
224
810
2nd in West
Lost in Quarterfinals, 3–4 (North Stars)

1968–69
1968–69
76
24
42
10
--
58
185
260
698
4th in West
Won in Quarterfinals, 4–3 (Seals)
Lost in Semifinals, 0–4 (Blues)

1969–70
1969–70
76
14
52
10
--
38
168
290
969
6th in West
Did not qualify

1970–71
1970–71
78
25
40
13
--
63
239
303
775
5th in West
Did not qualify

1971–72
1971–72
78
20
49
9
--
49
206
305
719
7th in West
Did not qualify

1972–73
1972–73
78
31
36
11
--
73
232
245
888
6th in West
Did not qualify

1973–74
1973–74
78
33
33
12
--
78
233
231
1055
3rd in West
Lost in Quarterfinals, 1–4 (Blackhawks)

1974–75
1974–75
80
42
17
21
--
105
269
185
1185
2nd in Norris
Lost in Preliminary Round, 1–2 (Maple Leafs)

1975–76
1975–76
80
38
33
9
--
85
263
265
1022
2nd in Norris
Won in Preliminary Round, 2–0 (Flames)
Lost in Quarterfinals, 3–4 (Bruins)

1976–77
1976–77
80
34
31
15
--
83
271
241
1186
2nd in Norris
Won in Preliminary Round, 2–1 (Flames)
Lost in Quarterfinals, 2–4 (Bruins)

1977–78
1977–78
80
31
34
15
--
77
243
245
903
3rd in Norris
Lost in Preliminary Round, 0–2 (Maple Leafs)

1978–79
1978–79
80
34
34
12
--
80
292
286
1134
3rd in Norris
Lost in Preliminary Round, 0–2 (Rangers)

1979–80
1979–80
80
30
36
14
--
74
290
313
1124
2nd in Norris
Lost in Preliminary Round, 1–3 (Islanders)

1980–81
1980–81
80
43
24
13
--
99
337
290
1627
2nd in Norris
Lost in Preliminary Round, 1–3 (Rangers)

1981–82
1981–82
80
24
41
15
--
63
314
369
1730
4th in Smythe
Won in Division Semifinals, 3–2 (Oilers)
Lost in Division Finals, 1–4 (Canucks)

1982–83
1982–83
80
27
41
12
--
66
308
365
1627
5th in Smythe
Did not qualify

1983–84
1983–84
80
23
44
13
--
59
309
376
1265
5th in Smythe
Did not qualify

1984–85
1984–85
80
34
32
14
--
82
339
326
1413
4th in Smythe
Lost in Division Semifinals, 0–3 (Oilers)

1985–86
1985–86
80
23
49
8
--
54
284
389
2004
5th in Smythe
Did not qualify

1986–87
1986–87
80
31
41
8
--
70
318
341
2038
4th in Smythe
Lost in Division Semifinals, 1–4 (Oilers)

1987–88
1987–88
80
30
42
8
--
68
318
359
2124
4th in Smythe
Lost in Division Semifinals, 1–4 (Flames)

1988–89
1988–89
80
42
31
7
--
91
376
335
2215
2nd in Smythe
Won in Division Semifinals, 4–3 (Oilers)
Lost in Division Finals, 0–4 (Flames)

1989–90
1989–90
80
34
39
7
--
75
338
337
1884
4th in Smythe
Won in Division Semifinals, 4–2 (Flames)
Lost in Division Finals, 0–4 (Oilers)

1990–91
1990–91
80
46
24
10
--
102
340
254
2228
1st in Smythe
Won in Division Semifinals, 4–2 (Canucks)
Lost in Division Finals, 2–4 (Oilers)

1991–92
1991–92
80
35
31
14
--
84
287
296
2161
2nd in Smythe
Lost in Division Semifinals, 2–4 (Oilers)

1992–93
1992–93
84
39
35
10
--
88
338
340
2247
3rd in Smythe
Won in Division Semifinals, 4–2 (Flames)
Won in Division Finals, 4–2 (Canucks)
Won in Conference Finals, 4-3 (Maple Leafs)
Lost in Stanley Cup Final, 1–4 (Canadiens)

1993–94
1993–94
84
27
45
12
--
66
294
322
2017
5th in Pacific
Did not qualify

1994–951
1994–95
48
16
23
9
--
41
142
174
978
4th in Pacific
Did not qualify

1995–96
1995–96
82
24
40
18
--
66
256
302
1460
6th in Pacific
Did not qualify

1996–97
1996–97
82
28
43
11
--
67
214
268
1638
6th in Pacific
Did not qualify

1997–98
1997–98
82
38
33
11
--
87
227
225
1763
2nd in Pacific
Lost in Conference Quarterfinals, 0–4 (Blues)

1998–99
1998–99
82
32
45
5
--
69
189
222
1383
5th in Pacific
Did not qualify

1999–2000
1999–2000
82
39
27
12
4
94
245
228
1313
2nd in Pacific
Lost in Conference Quarterfinals, 0–4 (Red Wings)

2000–01
2000–01
82
38
28
13
3
92
252
228
1196
3rd in Pacific
Won in Conference Quarterfinals, 4–2 (Red Wings)
Lost in Conference Semifinals, 3–4 (Avalanche)

2001–02
2001–02
82
40
27
11
4
95
214
190
1348
3rd in Pacific
Lost in Conference Quarterfinals, 3–4 (Avalanche)

2002–03
2002–03
82
33
37
6
6
78
203
221
1146
3rd in Pacific
Did not qualify

2003–04
2003–04
82
28
29
16
9
81
205
217
1163
3rd in Pacific
Did not qualify

2004–05
2004–05
Season cancelled due to 2004–05 NHL lockout

2005–06
2005–06
82
42
35
--
5
89
249
270
1440
4th in Pacific
Did not qualify

2006–07
2006–07
82
27
41
--
14
68
227
283
1239
4th in Pacific
Did not qualify

2007–08
2007–08
82
32
43
--
7
71
231
283
930
5th in Pacific
Did not qualify

2008–09
2008–09
82
34
37
--
11
79
207
234
1191
5th in Pacific
Did not qualify

2009–10
2009–10
82
46
27
--
9
101
241
219
963
3rd in Pacific
Lost in Conference Quarterfinals, 2–4 (Canucks)

2010–11
2010–11
82
46
30
--
6
98
219
198
938
4th in Pacific
Lost in Conference Quarterfinals, 2–4 (Sharks)

2011–12
2011–12
82
40
27
--
15
95
194
179
923
3rd in Pacific
Won in Conference Quarterfinals, 4–1 (Canucks)
Won in Conference Semifinals, 4–0 (Blues)
Won in Conference Finals, 4–1 (Coyotes)
Stanley Cup Champions, 4–2 (Devils)

2012–13
2012–13
48
27
16
--
5
59
133
118
-
2nd in Pacific
Won in Conference Quarterfinals, 4–2 (Blues)
Won in Conference Semifinals, 4–3 (Sharks)
Lost in Conference Finals, 1–4 (Blackhawks)

2013–14
2013–14
82
46
28
--
8
100
206
174
876
3rd in Pacific
Won in First Round, 4–3 (Sharks)
Won in Second Round, 4–3 (Ducks)
Won in Conference Finals, 4–3 (Blackhawks)
Stanley Cup Champions, 4–1 (Rangers)

2014–15
2014–15
82
40
27
--
15
95
220
205
--
4th in Pacific
Did not qualify

2015–16
2015–16
82
48
28
--
6
102
225
195
--
2nd in Pacific
Lost in First Round, 1–4 (Sharks)

2016–17
2016–17
82
39
35
--
8
86
201
205
--
5th in Pacific
Did not qualify

2017–18
2017–18
82
45
29
--
8
98
239
203
--
4th in Pacific
Lost in First Round, 0–4 (Golden Knights)

Season
Team
GP
W
L
T2
OTL2
Pts
GF
GA
PIM
Finish
Playoffs

Reg. season totals3
3636
1501
1605
424
106
3532
11086
11775
58807
1 division title
29 playoff appearances

Playoff totals4
241
110
136
--
--

3 conference titles
2 Stanley Cups
All-time series record: 21–26

Grand totals4
3877
1611
1741
424
106


document_title: Executive Office of the President of the United States

question_text: list three offices included in the executive office of the president

text: History[edit]

text: In 1939, during Franklin D. Roosevelt's second term in office, the foundations of the modern White House staff were created. Based on the recommendations of a presidentially commissioned panel of political science and public administration experts that was known as the Brownlow Committee, Roosevelt was able to get Congress to approve the Reorganization Act of 1939. The Act led to Reorganization Plan No. 1,[2] which created the EOP,[3] which reported directly to the president. The EOP encompassed two subunits at its outset: the White House Office (WHO) and the Bureau of the Budget, the predecessor to today's Office of Management and Budget, which had been created in 1921 and originally located in the Treasury Department. It absorbed most of the functions of the National Emergency Council.[4] Initially, the new staff system appeared more ambitious on paper than in practice; the increase in the size of the staff was quite modest at the start. But it laid the groundwork for the large and organizationally complex White House staff that would emerge during the presidencies of Roosevelt's successors.[5]

text: Roosevelt's efforts are also notable in contrast to those of his predecessors in office. During the nineteenth century, presidents had few staff resources. Thomas Jefferson had one messenger and one secretary at his disposal, both of whose salaries were paid by the president personally. It was not until 1857 that Congress appropriated money ($2,500) for the hiring of one clerk. By Ulysses S. Grant's presidency (1869–1877), the staff had grown to three. By 1900, the White House staff included one "secretary to the president" (then the title of the president's chief aide), two assistant secretaries, two executive clerks, a stenographer, and seven other office personnel. Under Warren G. Harding, the size of the staff expanded to thirty-one, although most were clerical positions. During Herbert Hoover's presidency, two additional secretaries to the president were added by Congress, one of whom Hoover designated as his Press Secretary. From 1933 to 1939, even as he greatly expanded the scope of the federal government's policies and powers in response to the Great Depression, Roosevelt muddled through: his "brains trust" of top advisers were often appointed to vacant positions in agencies and departments, whence they drew their salaries since the White House lacked statutory or budgetary authority to create new staff positions. Ballpark estimates indicate some 2,000 to 2,500 persons serve in EOP staff positions with policy-making responsibilities, with a budget of $300 to $400 million (George W. Bush's budget request for Fiscal Year 2005 was for $341 million in support of 1,850 personnel).[6]

text: Organization[edit]

text: Senior staff within the Executive Office of the President have the title Assistant to the President, second-level staff have the title Deputy Assistant to the President, and third-level staff have the title Special Assistant to the President.

text: The core White House staff appointments, and most EOP officials generally, are not required to be confirmed by the U.S. Senate, although there are a handful of exceptions (e.g., the Director of the Office of Management and Budget, the Chair and members of the Council of Economic Advisers, and the United States Trade Representative).

text: The information in the following table is current as of July 31, 2017. Only principal executives are listed; for subordinate officers, see individual office pages.

text:
Agency
Principal executive
Incumbent

White House Office
White House Chief of Staff
John F. Kelly

National Security Council
Assistant to the President for National Security Affairs
H. R. McMaster

Council of Economic Advisers
Chair of the Council of Economic Advisers
Kevin Hassett

Council on Environmental Quality
Managing Director of the Council on Environmental Quality
Vacant

Executive Residence Staff and Operations
White House Chief Usher
Timothy Harleth[7]

Office of Administration
Director of the Office of Administration
Marcia Lee Kelly

Office of Management and Budget
Director of the Office of Management and Budget
Mick Mulvaney

Office of National Drug Control Policy
Director of National Drug Control Policy
Richard Baum (Acting)

Office of Science and Technology Policy
Director of the Office of Science and Technology Policy
Vacant

Office of the United States Trade Representative
United States Trade Representative
Robert Lighthizer

Office of the Vice President of the United States
Chief of Staff to The Vice President
Nick Ayers

Office of the Counselor to the President
Senior Counselor to the President
Kellyanne Conway

text: White House Offices[edit]

text:
Office of the Chief of Staff
Office of the National Security Advisor
Domestic Policy Council
National Economic Council
Office of American Innovation
Office of Cabinet Affairs
Office of Communications
Office of Information Technology
Office of Digital Strategy
Office of the First Lady
Office of Intergovernmental Affairs
Office of Legislative Affairs
Office of Management and Administration
Office of Political Affairs
Office of Presidential Personnel
Office of Public Liaison
Office of Scheduling and Advance
Office of the Staff Secretary
Oval Office Operations
White House Counsel

text:
[show]

v
t
e

Executive Office of the President – Trump administration

Office
Name
Term
Office
Name
Term

Chief of Staff
John F. Kelly
2017–
National Security Advisor
LTG H. R. McMaster
2017–

Deputy Chief of Staff
Rick Dearborn
Joe Hagin
Kirstjen Nielsen
2017–
2017–
2017-
Deputy National Security Advisor
Dina Powell
Maj. Gen. Ricky L. Waddell
Tom Bossert (Homeland Security)
Michael Anton (Strategic Comm.)
2017–
2017–
2017–
2017–

NSC Chief of Staff
Keith Kellogg
2017–

Counselor to the President
Kellyanne Conway
2017–
Comm. Director
Hope Hicks
2017–

Senior Advisor to the President
Stephen Miller (Policy)
Jared Kushner (Strategic Planning)
2017–
2017–
Deputy Comm. Directors
Omarosa Manigault (Public Liason)
Jessica Ditto
Raj Shah (Research)
2017–
2017–
2017–

Advisors
Ivanka Trump
Marc Short (Legislative Affairs)
Rudy Giuliani (Cyber Security)
2017–
2017–
2017
Media Affairs Director
Helen Aguirre Ferre
2017–

NEC Director/Economic Advisor
Gary Cohn
2017–
Press Secretary
Sarah Huckabee Sanders
2017–

White House Counsel
Don McGahn
2017–
Deputy Press Secretary
Lindsay Walters
2017–

Special Counsel
Ty Cobb
2017–

Legal Advisors
Jay Sekulow
John M. Dowd
Marc Kasowitz
2017–
2017–
2017–
Deputy Director of Nominations
Mary Elizabeth Taylor
2017–

Domestic Policy Council Director
Andrew Bremberg
2017–

Office of Intergovernmental Affairs Director
Justin R. Clark
2017–
Strategic Development Group Director
Chris Liddell
2017–

Public Liaison Assistant
Andrew Giuliani
2017–

National Trade Council Director
Peter Navarro
2017–
Staff Secretary
Rob Porter
2017–

Cabinet Secretary
Bill McGinley
2017–

Social Secretary
Anna Cristina Niceta Lloyd
2017–
Social Media Director
Dan Scavino
2017–

Online Producer
Lara Trump
2017–

Personal Aide to the President
John McEntee
2017–

Personal Secretary to the President
Madeleine Westerhout
2017–
Chief of Staff to the First Lady

Lindsay Reynolds
2017–

Special Assistant to the President for Intragovernmental and Technology Initiatives
Reed Cordish
2017–
Political Director
Bill Stepien
2017–

Presidential Personnel Director
John DeStefano
2017–
Special Representative for International Negotiations
Jason Greenblatt
2017–

text: Budget history[edit]

text:
Year
Budget

2017
$709 million[8]

2016
$692 million[9]

2015
$676 million[10]

2014
$624 million[11]

2013
$650 million[12]

2012
$640 million[13]

2011
$708 million[14]

2010
$772 million[15]

2009
$728 million[16]

2008
$682 million[17]

2007
$2956 million[18]

2006
$5379 million[19]

2005
$7686 million[20]

2004
$3349 million[21]

2003
$386 million[22]

2002
$451 million[23]

2001
$246 million[24]

2000
$283 million[25]

1999
$417 million[26]

1998
$237 million[27]

1997
$221 million[28]

1996
$202 million[29]

1995
$215 million[30]

1994
$231 million[31]

1993
$194 million[32]