document_title: Yellow line (road marking)

question_text: when were yellow lines introduced in the uk

text: Yellow line (road marking)

text: Single yellow lines[edit]

text: A single yellow line is a road marking that is present on the side of the carriageway in the United Kingdom. It indicates that parking or waiting at that roadside is prohibited at certain times of day. The exact times vary by area and are indicated by signs at the roadside. Stopping to load and to pick up or set down passengers is generally allowed unless additional restrictions apply.[1]

text: Countries formerly part of the British Empire are likely to retain a modified version of the British laws including the basic principles regarding road safety.[citation needed] In Malta for example, a single yellow line, means no waiting (i.e. no parking, but alighting of passengers is permitted). The sign is applicable all day.[2]

text: In New South Wales, Australia- single yellow lines indicate a clear way, where parking is strictly prohibited during certain times of the day and/or special events. Single yellow lines are also used in areas with high snow fall to mark the far left side of the road.

text: In Malaysia, single yellow line is used in most roads leading to cities or towns or busy areas to mark parking restriction for certain times.

text: In Canada, Japan, Lebanon, and in some areas in the United States a single yellow line is used to separate traffic coming from opposite directions, where passing is allowed but with extreme caution.

text: Double yellow lines[edit]

text: Australia[edit]

text: Yellow road lines are used in the centre of the road in areas with large amounts of snow to contrast with the white colour of snow. These lines are white in areas where there is infrequent or no snow.

text: Canada[edit]

text: In Canada, a double yellow line in the centre of the road means that it is unsafe for traffic travelling in either direction to pass (overtake). This is usually found on rolling hills or through corners where visibility is limited.

text: In the province of British Columbia, it is against the law to touch or cross solid double yellow line at any time, except to avoid obstructions on the highway,[3] or when a vehicle is entering or exiting the highway, if the vehicle can safely do so without affecting the flow of other vehicles.[4]

text: Finland[edit]

text: In Finland, a double yellow line in the center of the road means that it is unsafe for traffic travelling in either direction to pass (overtake).

text: Hong Kong[edit]

text: Hong Kong is one of the regions outside the UK using double yellow lines on the side of carriageways.

text: India[edit]

text: A double yellow line, in contrast with a double white line, indicates a no-passing restriction. Double white is just a no-passing suggestion.

text: Ireland[edit]

text: Double yellow lines on the side of the road have a similar meaning (no parking at any time) as in the United Kingdom.[5] Single yellow line adjacent to a kerb means parking is restricted at certain times. A broken yellow line marks the edge of the carriageway.

text: Lebanon[edit]

text: In Lebanon, crossing a yellow line means you entered the area where traffic is coming from the opposite direction. A single solid yellow line means that passing is not advised but you may pass, with extreme caution. A single dashed yellow line means passing is allowed. A double solid yellow line means passing is not allowed under any circumstances. A double dashed line means passing is allowed only if there is no cars you can see coming from the opposite direction.

text: Malaysia[edit]

text: Malaysia was once part of the British Empire, and today still applies double yellow line to mark parking restriction for all times. This line can be found in major towns or cities like Kuala Lumpur.

text: Malta[edit]

text: A double yellow line means no stopping. This means that unloading of goods and alighting of passengers is not permitted.[2]

text: Mauritius[edit]

text: Mauritius was once a British colony, and today still applies double yellow lines to mark restricted parking areas at all hours on the sides of carriageways.

text: Singapore[edit]

text: Singapore, a former crown colony of the UK, also uses double yellow lines to indicate no parking at the sides.

text: United Kingdom[edit]

text: Double yellow lines along the edge of the carriageway indicate that waiting restrictions apply to the road[6] (which includes the carriageway, footway and verge). A driver may stop for passengers to board or alight and to load or unload (unless there are also 'loading restrictions' - see below). The regulation applies to all vehicles. The restriction applies from the centre of the carriageway to the back of the footway.

text: Loading and unloading is allowed on double yellow lines at any time, unless there are additional markings indicating that there are 'loading restrictions'. Two short yellow stripes at regular intervals across the kerb or edge of the carriageway indicate that loading and unloading is not permitted at any time (these are not accompanied by sign plates). A single short yellow stripe at regular intervals across the kerb or edge of the carriageway indicates that loading and unloading is not permitted at the times shown on accompanying black and white sign plates.[7] Loading/unloading time is restricted to either 20 or 40 minutes depending upon the location (borough) if loading is observed. One must not cause an obstruction to traffic or pedestrians.[8]

text: History[edit]

text: Double yellow lines mean no waiting at any time, unless there are signs that specifically indicate seasonal restrictions.[7] They were first introduced in the UK by section 51[9] of the Road Traffic Act 1960[10] (repealed in 1972 and replaced by later legislation).

text: Countries that were once part of the British Empire are likely to retain a modified version of the British laws including the basic principles regarding road safety.

text: United States[edit]

text: A yellow line (solid or dashed) indicates that crossing the line will place a driver in a lane where opposing traffic is coming at the driver. A double yellow line is a painted marking separating two lanes of a road. It consists of two parallel, solid yellow lines, and its presence usually indicates a no-passing restriction or no passing zone, where crossing the line is prohibited. Obvious exceptions to this no-passing restriction include emergency maneuvers or temporary traffic flow changes due to road work. Often the double yellow line has sections where one of the lines becomes dashed (in which case it is no longer a "double yellow"), indicating to the drivers traveling on the side closest to the dashed line that they may pass when it is safe. Double-yellow lines may be used to separate lanes of traffic traveling in opposite directions where passing would be dangerous, or to restrict access to lanes traveling in the same direction, such as HOV and express lanes on a highway.

text: Two municipalities in the state of Rhode Island, Bristol and Warwick, replace the double yellow line with red, white, and blue striping along certain routes.

text: In some states, it is not against the law to overtake vehicles in the presence of solid yellow lines if it is safe to do so. For example, Vermont State Law also allows passing across the double yellow line when no traffic is on the opposing side, however, one must pass quickly and return to the proper side.[11] Pennsylvania does permit passing on double yellow lines when not also posted with "Do Not Pass" signage.[12][13] However, this is unusual as most states have a ban on crossing a double yellow line except when turning, when passing pedestrians or bicycles, or if an obstruction in the road makes it necessary. Overtaking another vehicle across a solid yellow line is usually considered a serious traffic violation in most states.[11]

text: Some parts of the US use a doubled set of double yellow lines to demarcate a painted median strip, which vehicles are not permitted to cross. This differs from a single set of double yellow lines, which may be crossed in certain circumstances.[14]


document_title: List of proxy wars

question_text: what were two examples of proxy wars that were fought during the cold war

root

text: List of proxy wars

text: Pre-World War I proxy wars[edit]

text:
War
Date
Combatant 1
Combatant 2
Result

Egyptian–Ottoman War
1839-1841
Egypt-aligned powers:
 Egypt

 Kingdom of the French

 Spain
Allied powers:
 British Empire

 Austrian Empire

 Russian Empire

 Kingdom of Prussia

 Ottoman Empire

Compromise

Uruguayan Civil War
1839-1851
 Colorados
 Unitarian Party
 Empire of Brazil
 Italian Legion
 France
 Great Britain
 Blancos
 Argentine Confederation
Colorado victory

Mahdist War
1881-1899
 British Empire

 Canada
 Khedivate of Egypt

 Belgium

 Congo Free State

 Ethiopian Empire
 Italy

Supported by:
 Emirate of Jabal Shammar

 Mahdist Sudan

Supported by:
 Ottoman Empire
 Russian Empire
 France

British-Egyptian-Italian victory

First Samoan Civil War
1886-1894
 Tamasese
 German Empire
 Mata'afans
Supported by:
 United States

Stalemate

Second Samoan Civil War
1898-1899
 Mata'afans
 German Empire
 Samoa
 United Kingdom
 United States
Stalemate

Venezuelan crisis of 1902–03
1902–1903
 United Kingdom[1]
 German Empire[1]
 Italy[1]

Supported by:
 Spain
 Mexico
 Belgium
 Netherlands

 Venezuela[1]

Supported by:
 Argentina
 United States of America[1]

Compromise

Somaliland Campaign
1910-1920
 Dervish State

Supported by:
 Ottoman Empire
 German Empire
 Ethiopian Empire (1913-1916)

 British Empire[2]
 Ethiopian Empire[2]

Supported by:
 Italian Empire[2]
 Sultanate of Hobyo[2]

Collapse of the Dervish State

tag: table

text: Inter-war period proxy wars[edit]

text:
War
Years
Combatant 1
Combatant 2
Result

Finnish Civil War
1918[3][4]
 Finland[3][4]
White Guard[3][4]

Supported by:
 Germany[3][4]
Red Guards[3][4]

Supported by:
 Russian SFSR[3][4]
Combatant 1 Won[3][4]

Revolutions and interventions in Hungary
1918–1920
 Czechoslovakia
 Kingdom of Romania
 Kingdom of Serbs, Croats and Slovenes
 First Czechoslovak Republic
 France
 Kingdom of Hungary
 Kingdom of Italy
 Hungarian Democratic Republic
 Hungarian Republic of Councils
 Slovak Soviet Republic

Supported by:
 Russian SFSR [5][6]

Combatant 1 Won

Turkish War of Independence
1919–1923
 Greece
 France[7][8]
 Armenia
 United Kingdom[7]
 Istanbul Government[9]
 Italy[10]
 Georgia
 Ankara Government

Supported by:
 Russian SFSR[11]
 Italy (alleged)[10]
 Azerbaijan SSR
Combatant 2 Won[12][13][14]

Chinese Civil War
1929–1937, 1945–1949[15][16]
 KMT
 NRA[15][16]

Supported by:
 Germany[15][16]
 CPC[15][16]
 PLA[15][16]

Supported by:
 Soviet Union[15][16]
Combatant 2 Won[15][16]

Chaco War
1932–1935
 Bolivia

Supported by:
Standard Oil (alleged)[17]
 Paraguay

Supported by:
 Argentina[18][19][20][21]
Royal Dutch Shell (alleged)[17]
Combatant 2 Won

Spanish Civil War
1936–1939[22][23]
 Nationalists

Supported by:
 Nazi Germany
 Italy
 Portugal
 Republicans

Supported by:
 Soviet Union
 French Third Republic
 International Brigades
 Mexico
Combatant 1 Won

text: Cold War proxy wars[edit]

text:
Wars
Years
Combatant 1
Combatant 2
Results

Chinese Civil War
1944-1949[24]
 CPC
 PLA[15][16]

Supported by:
 Soviet Union
 KMT
 NRA

Supported by:
 United States
Combatant 1 Won

Greek Civil War
1944-1949[25][26]
Greek communists (Democratic Army of Greece, National Liberation Front, Greek People's Liberation Army, Communist Party of Greece)[25][26]

Supported by:
 Albania[25]
 Bulgaria[25]
 Yugoslavia[25]
 Greece[25][26]

Supported by:
 United Kingdom[25][26]
 United States[25][26]
Combatant 2 Won

Iran crisis of 1946
1945–1946
 Azerbaijan People's Republic
 Republic of Mahabad
Supported by:
 Soviet Union

 Imperial State of Iran
Supported by:
 United States

Combatant 2 Won

First Indochina War
1946–1954[27][28]
 Khmer Issarak[29]
 Pathet Lao[30]
 Viet Minh[27][28]

Supported by:
 China[27]
 Soviet Union[27]
 Polish People's Republic[31]
 East Germany[32][33]
 France[27][28]
 State of Vietnam (1949–1954)[27][28]
 Cambodia (1953–1954)
 Laos (1953–1954)

Supported by:
 United States[27]
Combatant 1 Won[27][28]

Paraguayan Civil War
1947
 Liberal Party
 Febrerista Revolutionary Concentration
 Paraguayan Communist Party

Supported by:
 Soviet Union

 Paraguayan Government
 Military of Paraguay
 Colorado Party

Supported by:
 United States
 Argentina

Combatant 2 Won

Malayan Emergency
1948–1960
Communist forces:
 Malayan Communist Party

 Malayan National Liberation Army

Supported by:
 Soviet Union[34]
 People Republic of China[35][36][37]
 Indonesia[36][37]
 Viet Minh (-1954)
 North Vietnam (1954-)[38][39][40]

Anti-communist forces:
 Commonwealth of Nations

 United Kingdom

 Federation of Malaya
 Southern Rhodesia (until 1953)
 Rhodesia and Nyasaland (after 1953)
 Fiji

 Australia
 New Zealand

Supported by:
 United States

 Thailand (Thai-Malay border)

Combatant 2 Won

Internal conflict in Myanmar
1948–present
 Burma

 Tatmadaw
 Myanmar Police Force

Supported by:
 Israel
 Libya
 India
 Rwanda
 Malawi
 China[41]
 Russia[42]

Opposition forces
 ABSDF
 Arakan Army
 DKBA-5
 KNU

 KNLA

 KIO

KIA

 MNDAA
 NDAA
 SSAN
 SSAS
 TNLA
 UWSP

 UWSA

...and others

Supported by:
 United States
 Thailand
 China(1968–1988)
 Pakistan
 Vietnam
 Philippines
 Republic of China (1950–1961)[43]

Ongoing

Balochistan conflict
1948–present
Baloch separatist groups

 BLA
 BRA
BLF
UBA
LeB
BLUF
BSO (Azad)

Supported by:
 India
 Soviet Union (until 1988)
 Democratic Republic of Afghanistan (until 1990)
 Iraq (1970s)[44]
 Israel[45]

Sectarian groups
Jundallah[46][47]
Jaish ul-Adl
Jundallah (Pakistan)
 al-Qaeda
 Lashkar-e-Jhangvi[44]
 Sipah-e-Sahaba[44]

 Pakistan

 Pakistan Army
Inter-Services Intelligence
Military Intelligence of Pakistan
Frontier Corps

 Iran[48]

Imperial Army (until 1979)
IRGC (since 1980)

Ongoing

Arab–Israeli conflict
1948–present
 Palestine

 PLO
 Hamas
 Fatah

Supported by:
 Egypt (1948–78)
 Iraq
 Syria
 Italy (1956)
 Germany (1956)
 Cuba[49]
 Algeria
 Bangladesh[50]
 Soviet Union[51]
 Lebanon

 Israel

Supported by:
 USA
 United Kingdom
 France

Ongoing

Korean War
1950-1953[52][53][54][55][56][57]
 North Korea[52][53][54][55][56][57]
 China[52][53][54][56][57]

Supported by:
 Bulgaria
 Czechoslovakia[58]
 Hungary
 Poland
 Romania[56]
 Soviet Union[52][56]
 Mongolia
 South Korea[52][53][54][57]
 United Nations[53][54][57]
 United States[52][53][54][55][57]

Supported by:
 Australia[53][54][55]
 Belgium[53][54]
 Bolivia[54]
 Canada[53][54][55]
 Colombia[53]
Commonwealth of Nations[59]
 Cuba[54]
 Denmark[60]
 Ethiopia[53][54]
 France[53][54][55]
 Greece[53]
 India (Medical support)[55]
 Israel[61]
 Italy[62]
 Luxembourg[53]
 Netherlands[53]
 New Zealand[53][55]
 Norway[63]
 Philippines[53]
 South Africa[53][54]
 Spain[64]
 Sweden[65]
  Switzerland[66]
 Thailand[53][54]
 Turkey[53][54][55]
 United Kingdom[53][55]
Stalemate[52][53][57]

Mau Mau Uprising
1952–1960
Mau Mau rebels[A]

Supported by:
 Soviet Union

 United Kingdom

 British Kenya

Supported by:
 USA

Combatant 2 Won

Second Indochina War
1953-1975[67][68][69][70][71]
 North Vietnam[67][68][69][70][71][72]
 Viet Cong[67][68][69][70][71][72]
 Pathet Lao
National United Front of Kampuchea:

 Khmer Rouge
 Khmer Rumdo
 Khmer Việt Minh
 Khmer Issarak

 China[67][70][71][72]

Supported by:
 Albania[72][73]
 Bulgaria[72][73]
 Burma
 Cuba[72][73][74][75]
 Czechoslovakia[72][73]
 East Germany[72][73]
 Hungary[72][73]
 India[citation needed]
 Mongolia[72][73]
 North Korea[76]
 Poland[72][73]
 Romania[72][73]
 South Yemen[72][73]
 Soviet Union[67][70][71][72]
 Yugoslavia[72][73]
 Sweden[77][78]
 South Vietnam[67][68][69][70][71][72]
 United States[67][68][69][70][71][72]
 Laos[72]
 Kingdom of Cambodia (1967–1970)
 Khmer Republic (1970–1975)

Supported by:
 Argentina[72]
 Australia[67][70][72]
 Belgium[72]
 Brazil[72]
 Canada[72][79]
 Costa Rica[72]
 Denmark[72]
 Ecuador[72]
 France[72]
 Greece[72]
 Guatemala[72]
 Honduras[72]
 Iran[72]
 Italy[72]
 Japan[72]
 Liberia[72]
 Luxembourg[72]
 Malaysia[72]
 Morocco[72]
 Norway[72]
 Netherlands[72]
 New Zealand[67][70]
 Pakistan[72]
 Philippines[70][72]
 South Africa[72]
 South Korea[67][70][72]
 Spain[72]
  Switzerland[72]
 Taiwan[72]
 Thailand[67][70][72]
 Tunisia[72]
 Turkey[72]
 United Kingdom[72]
 Uruguay[72]
 Venezuela[72]
 West Germany[72]
Combatant 1 Won[67]

First Taiwan Strait Crisis
1954–1955
 People's Republic of China

Supported by:
 Soviet Union
 Republic of China
 United States
Stalemate

Algerian War
1954–1962
 FLN (ALN)
 MNA
 PCA

Supported by:
 Soviet Union
 France

Supported by:
 United States
Combatant 1 Won a political victory
Combatant 2 Won a military victory

First Sudanese Civil War
1955–1972
 United Kingdom (1955-1956)
 Egypt (1955-1956)
 Anglo-Egyptian Sudan
(1955-1956)
 Republic of the Sudan
(1956-1969)
 Democratic Republic of the Sudan
(1969-1972)

Supported by:
 Soviet Union[80]

Southern Sudan Liberation Movement

 Azania Liberation Front (1965-1970)
 Anyanya (1969-1972)

Equatorial Corps (1955-1963)

Supported by:
 Ethiopia[81]
 Uganda[82]
 Israel[81][82][83]

Stalemate

Suez Crisis
1956–1957[84]
 Egypt[84]

 Palestinian fedayeen

Supported by:
 Soviet Union[84]
 West Germany
 Italy
 France[84]
 Israel[84]
 United Kingdom[84]

Territory unchanged. French and UK power in area weakened[84]

Second Taiwan Strait Crisis
1958
 People's Republic of China

Supported by:
 Soviet Union
 Republic of China
 United States
Stalemate

1958 Lebanon crisis
1958
 Lebanese Opposition:

 INM
 LCP
 PSP

Supported by:
 Soviet Union
 Egypt

 Lebanese Government
 United States
Combatant 2 Wins

1959 Tibetan uprising
1959–1962[85]
 People's Republic of China
 Tibet

 Chushi Gangdruk

Supported by:
 Soviet Union[86]
 United States[87]
 Republic of India
 Kingdom of Nepal[88]
 United Nations[89]
 Taiwan

Combatant 1 Won

Central American crisis
1960–1996[90]
EGP[90]
 FAR[90]
ORPA
 PGT[90]
 URNG[90]
 FSLN

EPS

 FMLN (CRM)
 Nicaragua[91] (1979–90)

Supported by
 Soviet Union[92]
 Cuba[93]
 Mexico[94]
 Libya[95]
[96]
 Romania (before 1989)
 Greece
 Sweden[97][98]
 Costa Rica
 Bulgaria[99]
 China[100]

 Guatemala[90]
ESA[90]
White Hand[90]
and other paramilitary groups[90]
 Somoza government

National Guard

Contras (1981–90)
 Salvadoran military government

Supported by
 United States[90][101]
 Saudi Arabia
 Honduras
 Chile
 Argentina
 Panama
 Israel[102]
 Taiwan[103]
Combatant 1 Won

Congo Crisis
1960–1965
1960–62:
 Stanleyville government

1964–65:
 Simba and Kwilu rebels

Supported by:
 Soviet Union
 China
 Cuba
 Egypt
 FLN
 Algeria
 Republic of the Congo
 Tanzania
 Burundi

1960–63:
 Katanga
 South Kasai

1964–65:
 Democratic Republic of the Congo
Supported by:
 United States
 Belgium[106]
 France
 Rhodesia and Nyasaland
 South Africa

Combatant 2 Won

Portuguese Colonial War
1960-1974[107]
 Portugal[107]

Supported by:
 South Africa
 Rhodesia
 Malawi[108]
 Spain

 FLEC[107]
 FNLA[107]
 FRELIMO[107]
 MPLA[107]
 PAIGC[107]
 UNITA[107]

Supported by:
 China[107]
 Cuba[107]
 France[107]
 Soviet Union[107]
 United States[107]
 Zaire
 Algeria
 Tanzania
 Zambia
 Tunisia
 Senegal
 Guinea
 Congo-Brazzaville
 Libya
 Yugoslavia
 Bulgaria
 Liberia
 Egypt
 India
 Brazil
Combatant 2 Won[73]

Xinjiang conflict
1960s–present
ETPRP
(1969–1989)
URFET
(1969–1989)

Supported by:
 Soviet Union (1969–1989)[109][110]
 Mongolian People's Republic (1960–1989)

 People's Republic of China
Ongoing

First Iraqi–Kurdish War
1961–1970
 Republic of Iraq
 Ba'athist Iraq Supported by:
 Syria[111]

 KDP

Supported by:
 Pahlavi Iran
 Israel[112]

Stalemate

Eritrean War of Independence
1961–1974
 ELF
Supported by:
 Libya[113][114][115]
(until 1977)
 Cuba[113][116]
(until 1974)
 Syria[117][118]
 Iraq[119][120]
 Tunisia[121][122][123]
 Saudi Arabia[124][125]
 Somalia[126]
 Sudan[127]
 Ethiopian Empire (until 1974)
Supported by:
 United States (until 1974)
[128][129][130][131][132]
 Israel (until 1974) [133][134]
Stalemate

1974–1991
 Derg (1974–1987)
 PDRE (1987–1991)
Supported by:
 Cuba[135][136][137][138] (1974–1989)[dubious – discuss]
 Soviet Union[135][139][140][141] (1974–1990)
 South Yemen [133]
 EPLF
 TPLF
Supported by:
 China[142][143]
 Sudan[127]
 Libya[113][114][115]
(1977–1991)
 United States
(May 1991)[144]
 Somalia[126]
 Syria[117][118]

Combatant 2 Won

North Yemen Civil War
1962–1970
 Yemen Arab Republic
 Egypt[145]

Supported by:
 Soviet Union

 Kingdom of Yemen
 Saudi Arabia[145]

Supported by:
 Jordan[146]
 United Kingdom[146]
 United States

Combatant 1 Won

Dhofar Rebellion
1962–1976
 DLF (1962–1968)
 PFLOAG (1968–1974)
 NDFLOAG (1969–1971)
 PFLO (1974–1976)

Supported by:
 China[147]
 Soviet Union[147]
 South Yemen[147]
 East Germany

 Oman[147]
Supported by:
 Iran[147]
 Abu Dhabi[147]
 Saudi Arabia[147]
 United Kingdom[147]
 Jordan[147]
 Egypt[147]
 Pakistan[147]
 UAE[147]
 United States

Combatant 2 Won

Sarawak Communist Insurgency
1962–1990
Communist forces:
 North Kalimantan Communist Party[148]

Sarawak People's Guerilla Force (SPGF)[149]
North Kalimantan People's Army (NKPA)[149]

 Indonesia (1962–65) (troops aid)
Other support:
 Brunei People's Party

North Kalimantan National Army (NKNA)

Supported by:
 China[149]
 Soviet Union

Anti-communist forces:
 United Kingdom[150]

 Sarawak (until 1963)

 Malaysia

 Sarawak (after 1963)

Supported by:
 Australia
 Brunei
 New Zealand
 United States

 Indonesia (after 1965) (Indo-Malay border)

Stalemate

Sand War
1963
 Algeria

Supported by:
 Egypt[151]
 Cuba
 Soviet Union

 Morocco

Supported by:
 USA
 France

Stalemate

Aden Emergency
1963–1967
 NLF
FLOSY

Supported by
 Egypt
 Yemen Arab Republic
 Soviet Union

 United Kingdom

 Federation of South Arabia

Supported by
 United States

Combatant 1 Won

Insurgency in Northeast India
1963–present
ACF
Achik NLA
AMLF
ANLCA
Adivasi NLA
ANVC
APA
APLA
ATBR
ATBSF
ATF
ATPLO
 ATTF
AYLF
BCF
BDFM
BKI
BMS
BMS
BNCT
BNLF
CKRF
DHD (until 2013)
DHDA
DJNA
GNLA
GTF
HALC
HNLC
HPCD
HULA
 HuM
INF
IRF
KCP
KDF
KIA
KIF
KKK
KLA
 KLNLF
 KLO
KNF
KNLA
KPLT
KRA
KYKL
LAEF
MNPF
MULTA
 NDFB
NLFB
NLFT
 NSCN-IM
 PLA
PLF-M
PRA
PREPAK
RJC
RNHPF
RNSF
SDFT
SPLA
STF
TATCF
TLOF
TMP
TNA
TNDTF
TRRB
TTACF
TTSF
UALA
UANF
UDKLF
UILA
UIRA
UKDA
UKLF
 ULFA
 UNLF
UPLF
ZPC
 ZRA
ZRF
ZRV
ZUF

Supported by:
 Arab League

 India
 Bhutan
 Bangladesh
 Burma

Supported by:
 United States
 Soviet Union
 Iran

Ongoing

Rhodesian Bush War
1964–1979
 ZANLA (ZANU)
 FRELIMO[152] (until 25 June 1975)
 Mozambique (from 25 June 1975)

Supported by:
 China[153]
 Libya
 Tanzania[154]
 Brazil

 ZIPRA (ZAPU)[155]
 MK (ANC)[155]

Supported by:
 Soviet Union[153]
 Zambia
 Cuba[153]
 East Germany[153]

FROLIZI

 Rhodesia
(until 1 June 1979)
 Zimbabwe Rhodesia
(from 1 June 1979)

Supported by:
 South Africa
 Portugal
(until 1974)

Stalemate

Dominican Civil War
1965
 Constitutionalists
 Dominican Revolutionary Party[156]

Supported by:
 Soviet Union
 Cuba

 Dominican Republic
 United States
 Inter-American Peace Force

 Brazil
 Paraguay
 Nicaragua
 Costa Rica
 El Salvador
 Honduras[157]

Combatant 2 Won

Chadian Civil War
1965–1979
 FROLINAT
 GUNT
 Libya

Supported by:
 Soviet Union

 Chad
 France

Supported by:
 United States

Combatant 1 Won

Communist insurgency in Thailand
1965–1983
 Communist Party of Thailand
Thai United Patriotic Front

Supported by:
 North Vietnam (until 1976)
 Vietnam (from 1976)
 China (from 1971)
 Pathet Lao [158][159]
 North Korea[159]
 Khmer Rouge (until 1978)[158]
 Soviet Union

 Thailand

 Royal Thai Armed Forces
 Royal Thai Police
Thai Paramilitaries

 Taiwan (until July 1967)

Kuomintang 49th Division[160]
Chinese Irregular Force (CIF)

Supported by:
 Malaysia
 United States[158]

Combatant 2 Won

Bolivian Campaign
1966–1967
Ejército de Liberación Nacional
 Cuba

Supported by:
 Soviet Union

 Bolivia
 United States

CIA

Combatant 2 Won

Korean DMZ Conflict (1966–1969)
1966–1969
 North Korea

Supported by:
 Soviet Union
 China

 South Korea
 United States
Combatant 2 Won

South African Border War
1966–1990
African nationalist forces:
 PLAN (SWAPO)
 SWANU

Supported by:
 Cuba[161]
 MPLA[162]
 Soviet Union[163]
 China[164]
 Yugoslavia[165][166]
 Bulgaria[167][168]
 Tanzania[169][170]
 Zambia[171]
 Libya[172]
 Kenya[173]
 Algeria[174]
 Guyana[175]
 Brazil

Anti-communist forces:
 South Africa

 South-West Africa

Supported by:
 UNITA[176]
 United States
 United Kingdom
 Portugal (until 1975)

Stalemate

Nigerian Civil War
1967–1970
 Nigeria

Supported by:
 United Kingdom
 Soviet Union
 United States
 Canada Sudan
 Chad
 Niger
 Syria
 Saudi Arabia
 Algeria[177]
 Bulgaria[178]

 Biafra

Supported by:
 South Africa
 Portugal[179]
 France
 Spain[180][181]
 Tanzania[182][183][184]
 Gabon
 Ivory Coast
 Zambia
 Rhodesia
 Haiti

Combatant 1 Won

Naxalite–Maoist insurgency
1967–present
 Naxalites:

Communist Party of India (Maoist)

People's Liberation Guerrilla Army

Communist Party of India (Marxist–Leninist) Janashakti
Communist Party of India (Marxist–Leninist) Naxalbari
Communist Party of United States of India
Communist Party of India (Marxist–Leninist) New Democracy
Communist Party of India (Marxist–Leninist) (Mahadev Mukherjee)
 People's Liberation Army of Manipur
Tamil Nadu Liberation Army
Purbo Banglar Communist Party

Supported by:
 China[185]
 Pakistan[185]
 Mongolia
 Indonesia
 Afghanistan
 Algeria
 Bahrain
 Chad
 Comoros
 Djibouti
 Egypt
 Federation of Arab Republics (1972-1977)
 Iraq
 Jordan
 Kuwait
 Lebanon
 Libya
 Mauritania
 Morocco
 North Yemen (1967-1990)
 Oman
 Qatar
 Palestine
 Saudi Arabia
 Somalia
 South Yemen (1967-1990)
 Sudan
 Syria
 Tunisia
 United Arab Emirates
 United Arab Republic (1967-1972)
 Western Sahara
 Yemen (from 1990)
 Communist Party of Nepal—Maoist
 New People's Army[186]
 CIC (until 1977)

 India

Supported by:
 Bangladesh
 Bhutan
   Nepal
 Iran
 Peshmerga

Right-wing paramilitary groups:
Salwa Judum
Ranvir Sena
Bajrang Dal

Ongoing

Years of Lead
1968–1982
Far-left terrorist groups:
 Red Brigades
Front Line
October 22 Group
PAC
Continuous Struggle
PO-AO
Supported by:
 Soviet Union (alleged)

 Italian Government

SISDE (Internal)
SISMI (Foreign)
Italian Armed Forces
Arm of Carabineers

Supported by:
 United States

Far-right terrorist groups:
 National Vanguard
Black Order
NAR
Third Position
Supported by:
 United States (alleged)

Combatant 2 Won

Communist insurgency in Malaysia
1968–1989
Communist forces:
 Malayan Communist Party[187]

 Malayan National Liberation Army[187]

Supported by:
 China[35][188]
 Soviet Union[188]

Anti-communist forces:
 Malaysia[189]
 Thailand[190][191]

Supported by:
 United Kingdom[192]
 Australia
 New Zealand[193]
 United States

Combatant 2 Won

Operation Condor
1968–1989
Opponents to the military juntas and right-wing governments in South America.

Supported by:
 Poland
 Spain

 Chile
 Argentina
 Brazil
 Bolivia
 Paraguay
 Uruguay

Supported by:
 United States
 Peru
 Ecuador
 Colombia
 Venezuela

Combatant 2 Won

Al-Wadiah War
1969
 South Yemen

Supported by:
 Soviet Union

 Saudi Arabia

Supported by:
 United States

Combatant 2 Won

Civil conflict in the Philippines
1969–present
Communist forces:
 Communist Party

NPA
 NDF
 Makabayan
 MLPP-

RHB[194]

 APP[194]
 RPA[194]
 ABB[194]
 CPLA[194] (Until 2011)

 Moro National Liberation Front (MNLF)[195]
 Moro Islamic Liberation Front (MILF) (until 2014)
MRLO[196]
Ampatuan militias[197]

Supported by:
 Malaysia (to MNLF and MILF)[198][199]
 People's Republic of China (1969–1976,[200] alleged continued support[citation needed])
 Libyan Arab Jamahiriya (1980s–2011)[201][202](to MNLF)[203][204][205][206][207]
 North Korea[208][209]
 Vietnam (1980s)[204]
 Cuba (Alleged support[citation needed])

Anti-communist forces:
 Philippines

Alsa Masa (1986–?)[210]
CAFGU

Supported by:
 United States[211]

Ongoing

Yemenite War of 1972
1972
 South Yemen
National Democratic Front

Supported by:
 Soviet Union
 Cuba
 East Germany
 Czechoslovakia
 Libya

 North Yemen

Supported by:
 Saudi Arabia
 Jordan
 United States
 Republic of China
 United Kingdom
 West Germany

Stalemate

Angolan Civil War
1974–2002
 MPLA
 SWAPO
 MK
 Front for the National Liberation of the Congo (FNLC)

Supported by:
 Soviet Union[212]
 Cuba
 Tanzania[213]
 Mozambique[214]
 Czechoslovak Socialist Republic[215]
 Polish People's Republic
 Yugoslavia
 People's Republic of Bulgaria[216]
 Guyana[175]
 Portugal[217]
 (until 1989)
 India[215]
 North Korea
 Brazil

 UNITA
 FNLA
 FLEC

Supported by:
 United States[218]
 People's Republic of China[218]
 South Africa
 Zambia[219]
 Morocco[220]
 Zaire
 Egypt
 France
 Belgium
 Burkina Faso (from 1987)
 Israel
 United Kingdom
 Rhodesia (until 1979)
 South Korea

Combatant 1 Won

Ethiopian Civil War
1974-1991
 People's Democratic Republic of Ethiopia

Supported by:
 Soviet Union[221]
[135][139][140][141][222][223]
 North Korea
 Libya
 South Yemen[221]
 Tanzania
 East Germany (until 1990)[221][224][225]
 Bulgaria
 Cuba (1987–1991)[226]

Ethiopian People's Revolutionary Democratic Front

Supported by:
 United States
 United Kingdom
 China
 West Germany (until 1990)
 Germany (from 1990)
 Saudi Arabia
 Israel
 North Yemen

Combatant 2 Won

Lebanese Civil War
1975–1990
 LNM (until 1982)
 Jammoul (from 1982)
 PLO

Supported by:
 Iraq
 Libya
 Algeria

 Amal Movement

 Hezbollah
(from 1985)
 Iran (From 1980, mainly IRGC paramilitary units)

Supported by:
 North Korea

Islamic Unification Movement (from 1982)

 Syria

 LF
 AFL (until 1977)
SLA (from 1976)
 Israel (from 1978)

Tigers Militia (until 1980)

Marada Brigades (left LF in 1978; aligned with Syria)

 Lebanon
 United Nations UNIFIL (from 1978)
Multinational Force in Lebanon (1982–1984)
 United States
 France

 Arab Deterrent Force (1976–1987)
 Syria (1976, and from 1983)

Neutral Parties: Armenian Revolutionary Federation
 Kurds

Stalemate

Western Sahara War
1975–1991
 Polisario Front

 SADR

Supported by:
 Libya
 Algeria[227]
 Soviet Union

 Morocco

Supported by:
 United States
 Saudi Arabia
 Mauritania
 France

Stalemate

Indonesian occupation of East Timor
1975–1999
 East Timor (CNRM, later CNRT)

 FRETILIN (FALINTIL)
 UDT

Supported by:
 Portugal
 Soviet Union
 Libya
 Free Aceh Movement
 China

 Indonesia

 Timor Timur

Supported by:
 United States
 Australia
 United Kingdom
 Canada
 Israel[228]

Combatant 2 Won

Cabinda War
1975–present
 Angola

Supported by:
 Cuba
 East Germany (until 1989)
 Soviet Union (until 1989)[229][230]
 Brazil

 FLEC

FLEC-FAC
FLEC-Renovada
FLEC-N'Zita
FLEC-Lubota
Uniao Nacional de Libertaçao de Cabinda
Communist Committee of Cabinda

Supported by:
 France[231]
 Zaire[232]
 Belgium[233]
 World League for Freedom and Democracy[233]
 China (alleged)

Ongoing

Insurgency in Laos
1975–present
 Laos

Pathet Lao
Pro-govt. Hmong
Pro-govt. Chinese

Supported by:
 Vietnam
 North Vietnam (to 1976)
 Soviet Union (to 1978)

Hmong insurgents

Laotian Hmong
Thai Hmong

Ethnic Liberation Organization of Laos
(1984–)
United Front for the Liberation of Laos (1980–)

 Royal Lao Democratic Government (1982)

Chao Fa (to 1984)
Lao National Liberation Front
Lao United Independence Front
Free Democratic Lao National Salvation Force
 National Army of Democratic Kampuchea (1979-1983: limited involv.)

Supported by:
 China (PRC) (to 1988)
[234]
 Democratic Kampuchea (to 1979)
 Khmer Rouge (1980 to 1981)
 Party of Democratic Kampuchea (1981 to 1990)
 Thailand (Rightists: early to mid-1980s) (Hmong: to 1990)
 United States (Hmong: 1990)
Neo Hom (support. 1981-)[235][236]
 Royal Lao Government in Exile
Various Hmong exiles

Ongoing

Civil conflict in Turkey
1976–present
TAK
TKP/ML-TİKKO
MKP-HKO-PHG
Maoist Party
Maoist Party Centre
 THKO
 Devrimci Yol
 Revolutionary People's Liberation Party/Front

Supported by:
 Soviet Union[237][238]
 China
 ASALA[239] (1970s–1988)
 Syria[237][240][241]
 Greece[242][243]
 Cyprus[237]
 Iran[237][244][245]
 Iraq[246]
 Libya[247]

 Turkey

Supported by:
 NATO
 European Union
 USA
 United Kingdom

Ongoing

Shaba I
1977
 Front for the National Liberation of the Congo (FNLC)
Supported by:
 Angola
 Cuba
 Soviet Union

 Zaire
Supported by:
 United States[248]
 China[249]
 Sudan[249]
 Morocco
 Egypt
 France
 Belgium
Combatant 2 Won

Ogaden War
1977–1978
 Ethiopia

Supported by:
 Cuba
 Soviet Union
 South Yemen
 North Korea
 East Germany

 Somalia
 WSLF

Supported by:
 China
 Egypt
 Socialist Republic of Romania

Combatant 1 Won

Cambodian-Vietnamese War
1977-1991
 Vietnam (VPA)
 KUFNS
 People's Republic of Kampuchea (KPRAF) (after 10 January 1979)
 State of Cambodia (CPAF) (1989)

Supported by:
 Soviet Union
 Laos

 Democratic Kampuchea (RAK)

Supported by:
 China

Post invasion:
CGDK:

 NADK
 KPNLF
FUNCINPEC
 FULRO

Supported by:
 China
 United States(non-combat support)
 United Kingdom(non-combat support)

Spillover conflict:
 Thailand (border clashes)

Combatant 1 Won

Mozambican Civil War
1977-1992
 FRELIMO

Supported by:
 Malawi[108]
 Brazil
 Zimbabwe (from 1980)
 Tanzania
 Soviet Union
 Bulgaria
 Cuba

 RENAMO

Supported by:
 Zimbabwe-Rhodesia
 South Africa[250]
 Malawi[108]
 United States
 Rhodesia

Combatant 1 Won

Chittagong Hill Tracts conflict
1977–1997
 Bangladesh

Bangladesh Armed Forces
Border Guards Bangladesh
Bangladesh Police
Bangladesh Armed Police

 Shanti Bahini

Supported by:
 India[251][252]

Stalemate

Shaba II
1978
 Front for the National Liberation of the Congo (FNLC)

Supported by
 Angola
 Cuba (alleged)
 Soviet Union (alleged)

 Zaire

Supported by:
 France
 Belgium
 United States

Combatant 2 Won

Uganda–Tanzania War
1978–1979
 Tanzania
 UNLA
 Mozambique[253]
 Uganda
 Libya
 PLO[253][254]
Combatant 1 Won

NDF Rebellion
1978–1982
 NDF

Supported by:
 South Yemen
 Libya
 Soviet Union

 North Yemen
 Islamic Front

Supported by:
 United States
 Saudi Arabia
 Taiwan

Combatant 2 Won

Chadian–Libyan conflict
1978–1987
 Libya

Islamic Legion[255]

 Chadian rebels

 FROLINAT
GUNT (1979–86)

Supported by:
 Soviet Union

 Chad

FAT (1978–79)
FAN (1978–83)
FANT (1983–87)
GUNT (1986–87)

 France
 Zaire[256]

Supported by:
 United States[257]
 Egypt[255]
 Sudan[255]

Combatant 2 Won

Yemenite War of 1979
1979
 South Yemen
National Democratic Front

Supported by:
 Soviet Union
 Cuba
 East Germany
 Czechoslovakia
 Libya

 North Yemen

Supported by:
 Saudi Arabia
 Jordan
 United States
 Taiwan
 Iraq
 Egypt

Stalemate

Afghan-Soviet War
1979–1989
 Soviet Union
 Democratic Republic of Afghanistan

Supported by:
 India[258][259]
 Libya

 Sunni Mujahideen:

Jamiat-e Islami

Shura-e Nazar

Gulbuddin faction

Maktab al-Khadamat

Khalis faction
Ittehad i-Islami
IRM
NLF
NIFA

Supported by:
 Pakistan[260]
 United States[261][262][263][264]
 United Kingdom[263][265][266]
 China[267]
 Saudi Arabia[262][263][268][269]
 West Germany[270][271]
 United Kingdom[271]
 Turkey[272]
 Egypt[273]
 France[271]
 Israel[274]
 Japan[274]

Shia Mujahedeen:

Harakat i-Islami
Afghan Hezbollah
Nasr Party (IVOA)
COIRGA
Shura Party
IRM
UOIF
Raad Party

Supported by:
 Iran[260]

Small Maoist groups:

ALO
SAMA
AMFFF

Combatant 2 Won

Sino-Vietnamese War
1979
 Vietnam

Supported by:
 Soviet Union
 Laos

 People's Republic of China
Stalemate

Internal conflict in Peru
1980–present
 Shining Path

 MRTA (until 1997)

Supported by:
 Soviet Union
 Cuba [275]
 Libyan Arab Jamahiriya[275]

 Peruvian Armed Forces

National Intelligence Service
Grupo Colina

 Rondas Campesinas

Supported by:
 United States
 Japan

Ongoing

Ethiopian–Somali Border War
1982
 Ethiopia
Somali rebels
Supported by:
 Cuba[276]
 South Yemen[276]
 North Korea[276]

 Somalia
Supported by:
 United States[276][277]

Combatant 2 Won

Sri Lankan Civil War
1983–2009
 Liberation Tigers of Tamil Eelam

Supported by:
 Libya
 India (until 1987) [278][279][280][281]

 Sri Lanka
 India
 Maldives

Supported by:
 United Nations
 Taiwan

Combatant 2 Won

Thai–Laotian Border War
1987–1988
 Laos
 Vietnam

Supported by
 Soviet Union

 Thailand

Supported by
 United States

Stalemate

Afghan Civil War
1989–1992
 Democratic Republic of Afghanistan

Supported by
 Soviet Union

 Mujahideen

Supported by
 United States
 Pakistan
 China[282]
 Saudi Arabia

Combatant 2 Won

text: Modern and ongoing proxy wars[edit]

text:
War
Dates
Combatant 1
Combatant 2
Result

Naxalite–Maoist insurgency[citation needed]
1967–present
 India

Central Reserve Police Force

Supported by:
 Bangladesh
 Bhutan
   Nepal
 Iran
 Kurdistan

Right-wing paramilitary groups:
Salwa Judum
Ranvir Sena
Bajrang Dal

 Naxalites:

Communist Party of India (Maoist)

People's Liberation Guerrilla Army

Communist Party of India (Marxist–Leninist) Janashakti
Communist Party of United States of India
Communist Party of India (Marxist–Leninist) New Democracy
Communist Party of India (Marxist–Leninist) (Mahadev Mukherjee)
 People's Liberation Army of Manipur
Tamil Nadu Liberation Army
Purbo Banglar Communist Party

Supported by:
 China[185]
 Pakistan[185]
 Mongolia
 Indonesia
 Afghanistan
 Kazakhstan
 Kyrgyzstan
 Uzbekistan
 Turkmenistan
 Tajikistan
 Algeria
 Bahrain
 Chad
 Comoros
 Djibouti
 Egypt
 Eritrea
 Iraq
 Jordan
 Kuwait
 Lebanon
 Libya
 Mauritania
 Morocco
 Oman
 Qatar
 Palestine
 Saudi Arabia
 Somalia
 Somaliland
 Sudan
 Syria
 Tunisia
 United Arab Emirates
 Western Sahara
 Yemen
 ULFA
 NSCN
 LTTE (until 2009)
 Communist Party of Nepal—Maoist
 New People's Army[186]

Ongoing

Angolan Civil War
1974–2002
 UNITA
 FNLA
 FLEC

Supported by:
 United States[218]
 People's Republic of China[218]
 Zambia[219]
 Morocco[220]
 Zaire (until 1997)
 Egypt
 France
 Belgium
 Burkina Faso (from 1987)
 Israel
 United Kingdom
 South Korea

 MPLA
 SWAPO
 MK
 Front for the National Liberation of the Congo (FNLC)

Supported by:
 Cuba
 Tanzania[213]
 Yugoslavia (until 1992)
 Guyana[175]
 Portugal[217]
 India[215]
 North Korea
 Kazakhstan (from 1996)[215]
 Slovakia (from 1993)[215]
 Brazil
 Russia
 Kyrgyzstan

Combatant 2 Won

Indonesian occupation of East Timor[citation needed]
1975–1999
 Indonesia

 Timor Timur

Supported by:
 United States
 Australia
 United Kingdom
 Canada
 Israel[228]

 East Timor (CNRM, later CNRT)

 FRETILIN (FALINTIL)
 UDT

Supported by:
 Portugal
 Libya
 Free Aceh Movement
 Russia
 China

Combatant 1 Won

Cabinda War
1975–present
 FLEC

FLEC-FAC
FLEC-Renovada
FLEC-N'Zita
FLEC-Lubota
Uniao Nacional de Libertaçao de Cabinda
Communist Committee of Cabinda

Supported by:
 France[231]
 Zaire[232]
 Belgium[233]
 World League for Freedom and Democracy[233]
 China (alleged)

 Angola

Supported by:
 UNITA[283]
 Brazil

Ongoing

Chittagong Hill Tracts conflict
1977–1997
 Bangladesh

Bangladesh Armed Forces
Border Guards Bangladesh
Bangladesh Police
Bangladesh Armed Police

 Shanti Bahini
Supported by:
 India[251][252]

Stalemate

Mozambican Civil War
1977–1992
 FRELIMO
 Zimbabwe (from 1980)
 Tanzania
Supported by:
 Malawi[108]
 Brazil

 RENAMO
Supported by:
 Zimbabwe-Rhodesia
 South Africa[250]
 Malawi[108]

Stalemate

Nagorno-Karabakh conflict[citation needed]
1988–present
 Armenia
 Nagorno-Karabakh
Supported by:
 Russia[284][285]
 Greece[286][287]
 Azerbaijan
Supported by:
 Pakistan[288][289]
 Kyrgyzstan [290]
 Turkey[291][292][293]
 Israel[294][295][296]
 Ukraine[297]
Ongoing

Afghan Civil War
1989–1992
 Mujahideen

Supported by
 United States
 Pakistan
 China
 Saudi Arabia

 Democratic Republic of Afghanistan

Supported by
 Russia

Combatant 1 Won

Insurgency in Jammu and Kashmir
1989–present
 India

 Indian Army
 Indian Air Force
Jammu and Kashmir Police
Central Reserve Police Force

 Afghanistan

Supported by:
 United States
 Iran
 Russia

 Harkat-ul-Jihad al-Islami
 Lashkar-e-Taiba
 Jaish-e-Mohammed
 Hizbul Mujahideen
 Harkat-ul-Mujahideen
 Al-Badr
 Jammu Kashmir Liberation Front
Supported by:
 Pakistan[298]
 China
 Taliban[299]
 Saudi Arabia[300]
 al-Qaeda[299]

Ongoing

Georgian-Ossetian conflict
1989–present
 Georgia
Supported by:
 NATO
 South Ossetia
Supported by:
 Russia
Ongoing

Abkhaz–Georgian conflict
1989–present
 Georgia
Supported by:
 NATO
 Abkhazia
Supported by:
 Russia
 Turkey [301]
Ongoing

Georgian Civil War
1991–1993
 Gamsakhurdia's government in exile

National Guard of Georgia

Supported by:
 NATO

 State Council

Georgian Interior and Defense Ministry forces
National Guard of Georgia
Mkhedrioni

 South Ossetian Separatists
 Abkhaz separatists
 Confederation of Mountain Peoples of the Caucasus
 Russia

Combatant 2 Won

Yugoslav Wars[citation needed]
1991-2001
 Slovenia
 Bosnia
 NATO
Supported by:
 Turkey [302]
 Iran [303][304]
 Saudi Arabia [302]

 Croatia
 Croatian Republic of Herzeg-Bosnia
Supported by:
 Albania

 National Liberation Army

 SFR Yugoslavia (before 1992)
 FR Yugoslavia (from 1992)
 Republika Srpska
 AP Western Bosnia
 Republic of Serbian Krajina
Supported by:
 Russia[305][306]
 Greece [307]

 Macedonia
Supported by:
 Ukraine[308][309][310](main arms supply)
 Bulgaria
 FR Yugoslavia

Combatant 1 Won

Tajikistani Civil War[citation needed]
1992–1997
United Tajik Opposition

 IRP
Democratic reformists
Gorno-Badakhshan[311]
 Jamiat-e Islami

 Islamic State of Afghanistan
 Taliban factions2[312]
Supported by:
 al-Qaeda[313]
 Islamic Renaissance Party of Tajikistan (IRP)
 Pakistan
 Iran

 Tajikistan

Supported by:
 Russia
 Uzbekistan[314]
 Kyrgyzstan

Stalemate

Second Afar insurgency
1995–present
 ARDUF
Supported by:
 Eritrea
RSADO
DMLEK
EPLF
ESF
SPDM
Supported by:
 Ethiopia
Ongoing

Allied Democratic Forces insurgency
1995–present
 Uganda
 DR Congo
 UNF Intervention Brigade

 South Africa
 Tanzania
 Malawi

Supported by:
 United States[315]

 ADF

NALU
Tabliq
Hutu fighters

Supported by:
 LRA[316]
 Sudan[317]

Ongoing

First Congo War
1996–1997
 Zaire
 UNITA[318]
 ALiR
 Interahamwe
Supported by:
 France[319]
 AFDL
 Uganda
 Rwanda[320]
Supported by:
 United States[321]
 Burundi[322]
 Angola[322]
Mai-Mai[320]
Bahunde[320]
Nande[320]
 SPLA[320]

Combatant 2 Won

Nepalese Civil War
1996-2006
 Kingdom of Nepal
Supported by:
 India
 United States
 European Union
 Communist Party of Nepal (Maoist)
Supported by:
 Pakistan
 China
 North Korea
 Arab League
 India
 Indonesia
 Kazakhstan
 Kyrgyzstan
Combatant 2 Won

Second Republic of the Congo Civil War
1997–1999
 Armed Forces of the Republic of the Congo (to October 1997)
Cocoye Militia
Ninja Militia
Nsiloulou Militia
 Democratic Republic of the Congo[323][324]

Supported by:
 UNITA (alleged)[325]

 Armed Forces of the Republic of the Congo (from October 1997)
Cobra Militia
 Rwandan Hutu Militia
 Angola
 Chad[324]

Supported by:
 France[326]
 Cuba (alleged)[325]
Mobutu Sese Seko Loyalists (alleged)[323]

Combatant 2 Won

Guinea-Bissau Civil War
1998–1999
 Guinea-Bissau
 Senegal[327]
 Guinea[328]
Supported by:
 France[329]
 Portugal
 Military rebels
Supported by:
 MFDC[328]
Combatant 2 Won

First Ivorian Civil War
2002-2007
 France
 UNOIC
 Ivory Coast
 Young Patriots of Abidjan militia
 Liberian mercenaries
Supported by:
 Russia[330]
 Bulgaria [331]
 Belarus
Stalemate

War in Darfur
2003–present
 SRF[note 1]

 JEM
 SLA

Abdul Wahid faction
Minni Minawi faction
Second Revolution faction[332]

LJM (Signed the Doha Darfur Peace Agreement in 2011)[333]

SARC
Supported by:
 South Sudan[334]
 Chad (2005-2010)
 Eritrea (until 2008)
 Libya (until 2011)[335]
 USA
 Uganda (until 2015)[336]

 Government of Sudan

Armed Forces
Rapid Support Forces
Janjaweed
 Popular Defence Forces[337]

Supported by:
 China
 Iran (until 2016)
 Russia

Ongoing

Paraguayan People's Army insurgency
2005–present
 Paraguay

Supported by:
 United States[338]
 Colombia[338]

Paraguayan People's Army (EPP)
Armed Peasant Association (ACA)
[339]

Supported by:
 FARC[340]
 Manuel Rodríguez Patriotic Front (alleged)[341]

Ongoing

Iraqi insurgency
2011–2014
 Iraq
 Iraqi Kurdistan

Supported by:
 United States

Shi'a factions:

 Special Groups
 Promised Day Brigades
Asa'ib Ahl al-Haq
 Kata'ib Hezbollah
 Mahdi Army Inactive

 Badr Brigades Soldiers of Heaven
Other militias

Supported by:
 Iran[342][343][344]

Stalemate

Yemeni Crisis (part of Iran-Saudi Arabia proxy conflicts)
2011–present
 Yemen (Hadi government)
 Saudi-led coalition
Supported by:
 Somalia[345]
 United States[346][347]
 Eritrea[348]
 United Kingdom[349][350]
 France[351][352][353]
 Canada[354]
 Italy[355]
 Turkey[356]

 Yemen (Supreme Political Council)
Supported by:
 Iran[357]
 Iraq
 China
 North Korea[358][359]
 Russia[360][361]
 Syria[362]

Ongoing

Syrian Civil War[363][364]
2011–present
 Syrian opposition
Supported by:
 Saudi Arabia
 Qatar[365]
 United States[365]
 Turkey
 Libya
 European Union
 Israel
 Egypt (before 2013)
 France
 United Kingdom
 Jordan
 Italy
 Netherlands
 Canada
 Germany
 United Arab Emirates
 Syria
Supported by:
 Armenia[366][367]
 Iran[365][366]
 Russia[368][369][370]
 Iraq
 China[366][371][372][373]
 North Korea[374][375][376]
 Cuba[377]
 Venezuela[378][379][380][381][382]
 Algeria[383]
 Belarus[384]
 Angola[385]
 Egypt (from 2015)[366][386][387]
 Serbia[366]

 Rojava
Supported by:
 United States
 Russia
 Iraqi Kurdistan[388]
 France
 Finland
 Czech Republic
 Germany

Ongoing

Syrian Civil War spillover in Lebanon
2012–present
 Lebanon

Lebanese Army
Internal Security Forces

Supported by:
 Australia[389]
 Canada[390]
 Cyprus[391]
 Czech Republic[392]
 France[393]
 Germany[394]
 Italy[395]
 Jordan[396]
 Netherlands[397]
 Saudi Arabia[393]
 South Korea[398]
 Spain[399]
 Turkey[400]
 United Kingdom[401][402]
 United States[393]

Pro-Syrian government militias:

 Hezbollah
 PFLP-GC[403]
 Amal Movement[404]
 Syrian Social Nationalist Party[405]
 DFLP[406]
 Popular Nasserist Organization[407]
 As-Sa'iqa[408]
 Fatah al-Intifada[409]
Arab Democratic Party (until 2014)[410]
Arab Movement Party[411]

Supported by:
 Syria[412]
 Iran[413]
 Russia[414]

Other militias:

 Lebanese Communist Party[415]
 Fatah[416][417]

Ongoing

Ukrainian crisis
2013–present
 Ukraine
Supported by:
 NATO
 European Union
 United States
 United Kingdom
 Georgia[418]
 Poland[419]
 France[420]
 Croatia[421]
 Sweden[422]

 Russia

 Crimea

 Donetsk People's Republic
 Luhansk People's Republic
 Odessa People's Republic
 Kharkiv People's Republic
Supported by:
 South Ossetia[423]
 Abkhazia[424]
 Transnistria
 Belarus[425][better source needed]

Ongoing

2nd Libyan Civil War
2014–present
 Libya
Supported by:
 Russia[426]
 Belarus[427]
 Egypt[428][429][430]
 Algeria[431]
 United States[432]
 United Kingdom[433]
 United Arab Emirates[428]
 France [434]
 Saudi Arabia[430][435][436]
 Government of National Accord
Supported by:
 Sudan[437]
 Ukraine (alleged)[438]
 Russia (alleged)[438]
 Turkey[439]
 Qatar[428]
Ongoing

text: Notes[edit]

text: ^ Known as the National Redemption Front prior to 2011.

tag: ol

text: A The name Kenya Land and Freedom Army is sometimes heard in connection with Mau Mau. KLFA is not simply another name for Mau Mau: it was the name that Dedan Kimathi used for a coordinating body which he tried to set up for Mau Mau. It was also the name of another militant group that sprang up briefly in the spring of 1960; the group was broken up during a brief operation from 26 March to 30 April.[440]

tag: p


document_title: List of Orange Is the New Black episodes

question_text: number of episodes in orange is the new black season 5

text: Series overview[edit]

text:
Season
Episodes
Originally released

1
13
July 11, 2013 (2013-07-11)

2
13
June 6, 2014 (2014-06-06)

3
13
June 11, 2015 (2015-06-11)

4
13
June 17, 2016 (2016-06-17)

5
13
June 9, 2017 (2017-06-09)

text: Episodes[edit]

text: Season 1 (2013)[edit]

text:
No.
overall
No. in
season
Title
Directed by
Written by
Featured character(s)
Original release date

1
1
"I Wasn't Ready"
Michael Trim
Liz Friedman & Jenji Kohan
Piper
July 11, 2013 (2013-07-11)

2
2
"Tit Punch"
Uta Briesewitz
Marco Ramirez
Red & Piper
July 11, 2013 (2013-07-11)

3
3
"Lesbian Request Denied"
Jodie Foster
Sian Heder
Sophia & Piper
July 11, 2013 (2013-07-11)

4
4
"Imaginary Enemies"
Michael Trim
Gary Lennon
Miss Claudette
July 11, 2013 (2013-07-11)

5
5
"The Chickening"
Andrew McCarthy
Nick Jones
Aleida & Daya
July 11, 2013 (2013-07-11)

6
6
"WAC Pack"
Michael Trim
Lauren Morelli
Nicky & Piper
July 11, 2013 (2013-07-11)

7
7
"Blood Donut"
Matthew Penn
Sara Hess
Watson
July 11, 2013 (2013-07-11)

8
8
"Moscow Mule"
Phil Abraham
Marco Ramirez
Red
July 11, 2013 (2013-07-11)

9
9
"Fucksgiving"
Michael Trim
Sian Heder
Alex
July 11, 2013 (2013-07-11)

10
10
"Bora Bora Bora"
Andrew McCarthy
Nick Jones
Piper & Tricia
July 11, 2013 (2013-07-11)

11
11
"Tall Men with Feelings"
Constantine Makris
Lauren Morelli
Piper & Alex
July 11, 2013 (2013-07-11)

12
12
"Fool Me Once"
Andrew McCarthy
Sara Hess
Pennsatucky
July 11, 2013 (2013-07-11)

13
13
"Can't Fix Crazy"
Michael Trim
Tara Herrmann & Jenji Kohan
none
July 11, 2013 (2013-07-11)

text: Season 2 (2014)[edit]

text:
No.
overall
No. in
season
Title
Directed by
Written by
Featured character(s)
Original release date

14
1
"Thirsty Bird"
Jodie Foster
Tara Herrmann & Jenji Kohan
Piper
June 6, 2014 (2014-06-06)

15
2
"Looks Blue, Tastes Red"
Michael Trim
Jenji Kohan
Taystee
June 6, 2014 (2014-06-06)

16
3
"Hugs Can Be Deceiving"
Michael Trim
Lauren Morelli
Suzanne
June 6, 2014 (2014-06-06)

17
4
"A Whole Other Hole"
Phil Abraham
Sian Heder
Morello
June 6, 2014 (2014-06-06)

18
5
"Low Self Esteem City"
Andrew McCarthy
Nick Jones
Gloria
June 6, 2014 (2014-06-06)

19
6
"You Also Have a Pizza"
Allison Anders
Stephen Falk
Poussey
June 6, 2014 (2014-06-06)

20
7
"Comic Sans"
Andrew McCarthy
Sara Hess
Black Cindy
June 6, 2014 (2014-06-06)

21
8
"Appropriately Sized Pots"
Daisy von Scherler Mayer
Alex Regnery & Hartley Voss
Rosa
June 6, 2014 (2014-06-06)

22
9
"40 Oz. of Furlough"
S. J. Clarkson
Lauren Morelli
Red
June 6, 2014 (2014-06-06)

23
10
"Little Mustachioed Shit"
Jennifer Getzinger
Sian Heder
Piper & Alex
June 6, 2014 (2014-06-06)

24
11
"Take a Break from Your Values"
Constantine Makris
Nick Jones
Sister Ingalls
June 6, 2014 (2014-06-06)

25
12
"It Was the Change"
Phil Abraham
Sara Hess
Vee
June 6, 2014 (2014-06-06)

26
13
"We Have Manners. We're Polite."
Constantine Makris
Jenji Kohan
none
June 6, 2014 (2014-06-06)

text: Season 3 (2015)[edit]

text:
No.
overall
No. in
season
Title
Directed by
Written by
Featured character(s)
Original release date

27
1
"Mother's Day"
Andrew McCarthy
Jenji Kohan
various
June 11, 2015 (2015-06-11)

28
2
"Bed Bugs and Beyond"
Constantine Makris
Jim Danger Gray
Bennett
June 11, 2015 (2015-06-11)

29
3
"Empathy Is a Boner Killer"
Michael Trim
Nick Jones
Nicky
June 11, 2015 (2015-06-11)

30
4
"Finger in the Dyke"
Constantine Makris
Lauren Morelli
Big Boo
June 11, 2015 (2015-06-11)

31
5
"Fake It Till You Fake It Some More"
Nicole Holofcener
Tara Herrmann
Flaca
June 11, 2015 (2015-06-11)

32
6
"Ching Chong Chang"
Anthony Hemingway
Sara Hess
Chang
June 11, 2015 (2015-06-11)

33
7
"Tongue-Tied"
Julie Anne Robinson
Sian Heder
Norma
June 11, 2015 (2015-06-11)

34
8
"Fear, and Other Smells"
Mark A. Burley
Nick Jones
Alex
June 11, 2015 (2015-06-11)

35
9
"Where My Dreidel At"
Andrew McCarthy
Jordan Harrison
Leanne
June 11, 2015 (2015-06-11)

36
10
"A Tittin' and a Hairin'"
Jesse Peretz
Lauren Morelli
Pennsatucky
June 11, 2015 (2015-06-11)

37
11
"We Can Be Heroes"
Phil Abraham
Sian Heder
Caputo
June 11, 2015 (2015-06-11)

38
12
"Don't Make Me Come Back There"
Uta Briesewitz
Sara Hess
Aleida & Daya
June 11, 2015 (2015-06-11)

39
13
"Trust No Bitch"
Phil Abraham
Jim Danger Gray & Jenji Kohan
various
June 11, 2015 (2015-06-11)

text: Season 4 (2016)[edit]

text:
No.
overall
No. in
season
Title
Directed by
Written by
Featured character(s)
Original release date

40
1
"Work That Body for Me"
Andrew McCarthy
Jenji Kohan
none
June 17, 2016 (2016-06-17)

41
2
"Power Suit"
Constantine Makris
Sara Hess
Maria
June 17, 2016 (2016-06-17)

42
3
"(Don't) Say Anything"
Andrew McCarthy
Jim Danger Gray
Soso
June 17, 2016 (2016-06-17)

43
4
"Doctor Psycho"
Erin Feeley
Carly Mensch
Healy
June 17, 2016 (2016-06-17)

44
5
"We'll Always Have Baltimore"
Tricia Brock
Jordan Harrison
Maritza
June 17, 2016 (2016-06-17)

45
6
"Piece of Shit"
Uta Briesewitz
Lauren Morelli
none
June 17, 2016 (2016-06-17)

46
7
"It Sounded Nicer in My Head"
Mark A. Burley
Nick Jones
Lolly
June 17, 2016 (2016-06-17)

47
8
"Friends in Low Places"
Phil Abraham
Alex Regnery & Hartley Voss
none
June 17, 2016 (2016-06-17)

48
9
"Turn Table Turn"
Constantine Makris
Sara Hess
Blanca
June 17, 2016 (2016-06-17)

49
10
"Bunny, Skull, Bunny, Skull"
Phil Abraham
Carly Mensch
none
June 17, 2016 (2016-06-17)

50
11
"People Persons"
Lev L. Spiro
Nick Jones
Suzanne
June 17, 2016 (2016-06-17)

51
12
"The Animals"
Matthew Weiner
Lauren Morelli
Bayley
June 17, 2016 (2016-06-17)

52
13
"Toast Can't Never Be Bread Again"
Adam Bernstein
Tara Herrmann & Jenji Kohan
Poussey
June 17, 2016 (2016-06-17)

text: Season 5 (2017)[edit]

text:
No.
overall
No. in
season
Title
Directed by
Written by
Featured character(s)
Original release date

53
1
"Riot FOMO"
Andrew McCarthy
Jenji Kohan
none
June 9, 2017 (2017-06-09)

54
2
"Fuck, Marry, Frieda"
Constantine Makris
Jordan Harrison
Frieda
June 9, 2017 (2017-06-09)

55
3
"Pissters!"
Phil Abraham
Rebecca Angelo & Lauren Schuker Blum
Linda
June 9, 2017 (2017-06-09)

56
4
"Litchfield's Got Talent"
Nick Sandow
Josh Koenigsberg, Jenji Kohan & Tara Herrmann
Alison
June 9, 2017 (2017-06-09)

57
5
"Sing It, White Effie"
Phil Abraham
Molly Smith Metzler
Watson
June 9, 2017 (2017-06-09)

58
6
"Flaming Hot Cheetos, Literally"
Andrew McCarthy
Lauren Morelli
Taystee
June 9, 2017 (2017-06-09)

59
7
"Full Bush, Half Snickers"
Uta Briesewitz
Anthony Natoli
none
June 9, 2017 (2017-06-09)

60
8
"Tied to the Tracks"
Michael Trim
Carolina Paiz
Daya
June 9, 2017 (2017-06-09)

61
9
"The Tightening"
Erin Feeley
Jordan Harrison
Red
June 9, 2017 (2017-06-09)

62
10
"The Reverse Midas Touch"
Laura Prepon
Rebecca Angelo & Lauren Schuker Blum
Piscatella
June 9, 2017 (2017-06-09)

63
11
"Breaking the Fiberboard Ceiling"
Wendey Stanzler
Lauren Morelli
none
June 9, 2017 (2017-06-09)

64
12
"Tattoo You"
Mark A. Burley
Tara Herrmann & Carolina Paiz
Piper & Alex
June 9, 2017 (2017-06-09)

65
13
"Storm-y Weather"
Jesse Peretz
Lauren Morelli
none
June 9, 2017 (2017-06-09)


document_title: Some Enchanted Evening

question_text: who sang some enchanted evening in the film south pacific

text: Some Enchanted Evening

text: In South Pacific[edit]

text: The song appears in the first act of the musical. It is sung as a solo by the show's male lead, Emile de Becque, a middle-aged French expatriate who has become a plantation owner on a South Pacific island during World War II. Emile falls in love with Ensign Nellie Forbush, an optimistic and naive young American navy nurse from Little Rock, Arkansas. The two have known each other for only a few weeks, and each worries that the other may not return his or her love. Emile expresses his romantic feelings for Nellie, recalling how they met at an officers' club dance and instantly were attracted to each other. He asks her to marry him. In the song, he describes a man seeing a stranger and instantly knowing he will see her again, hearing her laughter and dreaming of it. He says that when you find your "true love", you must "fly to her side, / And make her your own"; otherwise, all your life you will "dream all alone". The song is then reprised several times during the show by Nellie and/or Emile as their relationship experiences setbacks and reconciliations.

text: In the original Broadway production, "Some Enchanted Evening" was sung by former Metropolitan Opera bass Ezio Pinza. Pinza won the Tony Award for Best Actor in 1950 for this role,[2] and the song made him a favorite with audiences and listeners who normally did not attend or listen to opera.[3] In the 2001 London revival of the show, Philip Quast won an Olivier Award for Best Actor for his role as Emile,[4] and seven years later, international opera singer Paulo Szot won a Tony for his portrayal in the 2008 New York revival.[5]

text: In the film version of South Pacific, the first and second scenes of the play are switched around. Because of the switch, Emile enters later in the film, and "Some Enchanted Evening" is not heard until nearly 45 minutes into the film, while in the original stage version it is heard about 15 minutes after Act I begins.[6] In the film, the song is sung by another Metropolitan Opera bass, Giorgio Tozzi, who dubbed the singing for actor Rossano Brazzi.[7] Tozzi's version finished at No. 28 on the 2004 American Film Institute list and television special, AFI's 100 Years...100 Songs, selecting the top 100 songs in American cinema.[8]

text: Analysis[edit]

text: According to Popular Music in America, the song's "lush orchestration, expansive form, and above all its soaring melody" allow the singer and character (Emile) to "linger in the moment" of immediate infatuation.[9] Gerald Mast's history of the American musical notes that the song is a climactic moment which reveals that two characters have fallen in love, and it expresses a seize-the-opportunity lyric:[1] "When you find your true love ... Then fly to her side / And make her your own". According to the running commentary on the 2006 Fox DVD release of the 1958 film version of South Pacific, Lehman Engel remembered that Oscar Hammerstein II wanted to write a song based around verbs but waited ten years to do so before he wrote this song,[10] in which the verses are built around the verbs "see", "hear" and "fly".

text: Selected recorded versions[edit]

text: Many popular singers have recorded and performed "Some Enchanted Evening".[11] Perry Como's version was a #1 hit in 1949,[12] and Frank Sinatra recorded the song several times.

text:
Ezio Pinza (recorded April 18, 1949, Original Broadway cast recording of South Pacific). His single version reached No. 7 in the Billboard charts in 1949.[13]
Perry Como (1949). His single reached No. 1 in 1949
Frank Sinatra (1949), (1963), (1967). The 1949 version reached the No. 6 position in the Billboard charts.[14]
Bing Crosby (1949), recorded March 10, 1949[15] and reached No. 3 in the Billboard charts during a 20-week stay.[16]
Jo Stafford - Autumn in New York (1950). Her single version reached No. 4 in the Billboard charts in 1949.[17]
Giorgio Tozzi (1958 for the film soundtrack; 1967 for the Lincoln Center revival cast recording with Florence Henderson)
Jay & The Americans - United Artists 45 (1965). The Group's single version reached No. 13 on the Billboard charts in 1965.
Andy Williams (from the 1958 album, Andy Williams Sings Rodgers and Hammerstein)
José Carreras (1986) for a studio cast recording of South Pacific with Kiri Te Kanawa, Mandy Patinkin and Sarah Vaughan
Willie Nelson included it on his 1988 album, What a Wonderful World
Barbra Streisand (from her No. 1 1993 album Back to Broadway)
The Temptations (1995, For Lovers Only)
Bryn Terfel – Something Wonderful: Bryn Terfel Sings Rodgers and Hammerstein (1996)
Philip Quast for the 2002 London revival cast recording of South Pacific
Art Garfunkel (from his 2007 album Some Enchanted Evening)
Paulo Szot – South Pacific (The New Broadway Cast) (2008)
Bob Dylan (from his No.1 2015 album Shadows in the Night)

tag: ul

text: In popular culture[edit]

text: The song's title has been used as the name for albums, such as one by Blue Öyster Cult, one by Art Garfunkel and a cast album and PBS special of the revue "Some Enchanted Evening" – The Songs of Rodgers & Hammerstein.[18] It was used as the name for television episodes in such TV series as The Simpsons, Last of the Summer Wine, Man About the House, and Bless This House. The song has been sung in films and on TV shows, for example by Harrison Ford in the film American Graffiti (1978 reissue),[19] by an itinerant chanteuse in Crossing Delancey (1988),[20] by Jon Bon Jovi on Ally McBeal in the episode "Homecoming" (2002)[21] and by Bert in episode 102 on the Muppet Show (1977) to Connie Stevens.[22][23]

text: Notes[edit]

text:
^ Jump up to: a b Mast, Gerald. Can't Help Singin': The American Musical on Stage and Screen. Overlook Press, 1987. p. 206. Excerpted in: Block, Geoffrey. The Richard Rodgers Reader, p. 91, Oxford University Press, 2006.
Jump up ^ South Pacific 1950 Tony winners, Tony Awards official website, accessed April 4, 2012
Jump up ^ Eaton, Quaintance. The Miracle of the Met: An Informal History of the Metropolitan Opera, 1883-1967. Greenwood Press, 1976. p. 227.
Jump up ^ "Olivier Winners 2002", Olivier Awards official website, accessed April 7, 2012
Jump up ^ Gans, Andrew. "Tony Winner Szot to Return to Broadway's South Pacific March 31; Michals to Sub in April and June". Retrieved 5 April 2012.
Jump up ^ Pressley, Nelson. "An Era's Bias, Cast In Bali Ha'i Relief; With South Pacific, Arena Stage Takes On A Troubling Zeitgeist". Washington Post. December 15, 2002.
Jump up ^ "South Pacific (1958)". TCM.com, accessed April 6, 2012
Jump up ^ "AFI's 100 Years ... 100 Songs", American Film Institute, June 22, 2004, accessed October 7, 2014
Jump up ^ Campbell, Michael. Popular Music in America: And the Beat Goes on, p. 132, Cengage Learning, 2008 ISBN 0-495-50530-7
Jump up ^ In the 2006 Fox DVD release of the 1958 film version, running commentary of the film is provided on the first disc by Ted Chapin and Gerard Alessandrini. Alessondrini mentions that Hammerstein told Engel that he wanted to write a lyric focusing on verbs ten years before he wrote South Pacific.
Jump up ^ Link to numerous recordings of the song, Rodgers and Hammerstein Organization website, accessed March 18, 2012
Jump up ^ Perry Como, "Some Enchanted Evening", Music VF.com, accessed April 7, 2012
Jump up ^ Whitburn, Joel (1986). Joel Whitburn's Pop Memories 1890-1954. Wisconsin, USA: Record Research Inc. p. 354. ISBN 0-89820-083-0.
Jump up ^ Whitburn, Joel (1986). Joel Whitburn's Pop Memories 1890-1954. Wisconsin, USA: Record Research Inc. p. 393. ISBN 0-89820-083-0.
Jump up ^ "A Bing Crosby Discography". BING magazine. International Club Crosby. Retrieved September 20, 2016.
Jump up ^ Whitburn, Joel (1986). Joel Whitburn's Pop Memories 1890-1954. Wisconsin, USA: Record Research Inc. p. 111. ISBN 0-89820-083-0.
Jump up ^ Whitburn, Joel (1986). Joel Whitburn's Pop Memories 1890-1954. Wisconsin, USA: Record Research Inc. p. 406. ISBN 0-89820-083-0.
Jump up ^ "Some Enchanted Evening – The Songs of Rodgers & Hammerstein", Rodgers & Hammerstein Organization, accessed December 24, 2013; and "Centennial Summer", Rodgers & Hammerstein Organization, May 1, 1995, accessed December 24, 2013
Jump up ^ Pfeiffer, Lee and Michael Lewis, The Films of Harrison Ford, Citadel Press, 2002, p. 59 ISBN 0806523646
Jump up ^ Dinicola, Dan. "Crossing Delancey is Refreshing", Schenectady Gazette, September 29, 1988, accessed April 7, 2012
Jump up ^ "Ally McBeal: 'Homecoming'", TV.com (CBS), accessed April 7, 2012
Jump up ^ "Rare Appearances of Bert and Ernie on The Muppet Show", Retroist, March 29, 2012
Jump up ^ Chapman, Phillip. "Connie Stevens - Episode 2", Muppet Central Guides, accessed April 7, 2012