document_title: World War II casualties

question_text: what allies suffered the greatest military and civilian loss of life during world war ii

text: World War II casualties

text: Classification of casualties

text: Compiling or estimating the numbers of deaths caused during wars and other violent conflicts is a controversial subject. Historians often put forward many different estimates of the numbers killed during World War II.[13] The authors of the Oxford Companion to World War II maintain that "casualty statistics are notoriously unreliable."[14] The table below gives data on the number of dead for each country, along with population information to show the relative impact of losses. When scholarly sources differ on the number of deaths in a country, a range of war losses is given, in order to inform readers that the death toll is disputed. Since casualty statistics are sometimes disputed the footnotes to this article present the different estimates by official governmental sources as well as historians. Military figures include battle deaths (KIA) and personnel missing in action (MIA), as well as fatalities due to accidents, disease and deaths of prisoners of war in captivity. Civilian casualties include deaths caused by strategic bombing, Holocaust victims, German war crimes, Japanese war crimes, population transfers in the Soviet Union, Allied war crimes, and deaths due to war related famine and disease.

text: The sources for the casualties of the individual nations do not use the same methods, and civilian deaths due to starvation and disease are not given for Japan, Germany and several other highly stressed populations. The losses listed here are actual deaths; hypothetical losses due to a decline in births are not included with the total dead. The distinction between military and civilian casualties caused directly by warfare and collateral damage is not always clear-cut. For nations that suffered huge losses such as the Soviet Union, China, Poland, Germany, and Yugoslavia, sources can give only the total estimated population loss caused by the war and a rough estimate of the breakdown of deaths caused by military activity, crimes against humanity and war-related famine. The casualties listed here include 19 to 25 million war-related famine deaths in the USSR, China, Indonesia, Vietnam, the Philippines, India that are often omitted from other compilations of World War II casualties.[15][16] The footnotes give a detailed breakdown of the casualties and their sources, including data on the number of wounded where reliable sources are available.

text: Human losses by country

text: Total deaths

text:
Human losses of World War II by country

(when the number of deaths in a country is disputed, a range of war losses is given)

The details of the figures are provided in the footnotes

Country
Total population
1/1/1939
Military
deaths from all causes
Civilian deaths due to
military activity and crimes against humanity
Civilian deaths due to
war related famine and disease
Total
deaths
Deaths as % of
1939 population

 Albania A
1,073,000[17]
30,000[18]

30,000
2.80

 Australia B
6,968,000[17]
39,700[19]
700[20]

40,400
0.58

 Austria (German-controlled) C
6,653,000[17]
Included with German Army
Included with Germany

(see table below)S3

 Belgium D
8,387,000[17]
12,000[21]
76,000[21]

88,000
1.05

 BrazilE
40,289,000[17]
1,000[22]
1,000[23]

2,000
0.00

 BulgariaF
6,458,000[17]
18,500[22]
3,000[24]

21,500
0.33

 Burma (British colony)G
16,119,000[17]
2,600[25]
250,000[25]

252,600
1.57

 CanadaH
11,267,000[17]
42,000[26]
1,600[27]

43,600
0.38

 China I
517,568,000[17]
3,000,000[28]
to 3,750,000+[29]
7,357,000[30]
to 8,191,000[31]
5,000,000
to 10,000,000
15,000,000[32]
to 20,000,000[32]
2.90 to 3.86

 CubaJ
4,235,000[17]

100[33]

100
0.00

 Czechoslovakia (in postwar 1945-1992 borders)K
14,612,000[34]
46,000[35]
to 35,000[36]
294,000[35] to
320,000[36]

340,000 to 355,000
2.33 to 2.43

 DenmarkL
3,795,000[17]

6,000[37]

6,000
0.16

 Dutch East IndiesM
69,435,000[17]
11,500[38][39]
300,000[40]
2,400,000[41]
to 4,000,000[42]
3,000,000
to 4,000,000
4.3 to 5.76

 Egypt MA
16,492,000[17]
1,100[43]

1,100
0.00

 Estonia (within 1939 borders)N
1,134,000[17]
34,000(in both Soviet & German armed forces)[44]
49,000[45]

83,000
7.3

 EthiopiaO
17,700,000[17]
15,000[46]
85,000

100,000[46]
0.56

 FinlandP
3,700,000[17]
83,000[47] to 95,000[48]
2,000[49]

85,000 to 95,000
2.30 to 2.57

 FranceQ (including colonies)
41,680,000[49]
210,000[49]
390,000[49]

600,000
1.44

 French IndochinaR
24,664,000[17]

1,000,000
to 2,000,000[50]
1,000,000
to 2,200,000
4.05 to 8.11

 GermanyS
69,300,000[51]
4,440,000[52] to 5,318,000[53][54]
1,500,000 S2
to 3,000,000S1

6,900,000
to 7,400,000
(see table below)S3

 GreeceT
7,222,000[17]
35,100[55]
171,800[55]
300,000[56]
to 600,000[55]
507,000
to 807,000
7.02 to 11.17

 GuamTA
22,800[57]
1,000[58]
to 2,000[59]

1,000
to 2,000
4.39 to 8.77

 Hungary U
9,129,000[57]
300,000[60]
264,000[61]

564,000
6.18

 IcelandV
118,900[62]

200[63]

200
0.17

 India (British)W
377,800,000[64]
87,000[65]

1,500,000[66]
to 2,500,000[67]
1,600,000
to 2,600,000
0.42 to 0.69

 IranX
14,340,000[68]
200[69]

200
0.00

 Iraq'Y
3,698,000[70]
500[69]
200[71]

700
0.01

 IrelandZ
2,960,000[72]
Irish volunteers included with UK Armed Forces
100[73]

100
0.00

 Italy (in postwar 1947 borders)AA
44,394,000[74]
319,200[75] to 341,000 Italian nationals and c. 20,000 Africans conscripted by Italy[76][77]
153,200[78]

492,400 to 514,000
1.11 to 1.16

 JapanAB
71,380,000[79]
2,100,000[80] to
2,300,000[81]
550,000[82] to
800,000[83]

2,500,000[84]
to 3,100,000[85]
3.50 to 4.34

 Korea (Japanese colony)AC
24,326,000[57]
Included with Japanese military
483,000[86]
to 533,000[87]

483,000
to 533,000
1.99 to 2.19

 Latvia (within 1939 borders)AD
1,994,500[57]
30,000[88](in both Soviet and German Armies)
220,000[89]

250,000
12.5

 Lithuania (within 1939 borders)AE
2,575,000[79]
25,000[90](in both Soviet and German Armies)
345,000[91]

370,000
14.36

 LuxembourgAF
295,000[79]
Included with German & Belgian military
5,000[49]

5,000
1.69

 Malaya & SingaporeAG
5,118,000[92]

100,000[93]

100,000
1.95

 Malta (British)AH
269,000[57]
Included with U.K.
1,500[94]

1,500
0.55

 MexicoAI
19,320,000[95]

100[96]

100
0.00

 MongoliaAJ
819,000[97]
300[98]

300
0.04

 Nauru (Australian) AK
3,400[57]

500[99]

500
14.7

 Nepal BG
6,087,000[57]
Included with British Indian Army

 NetherlandsAL
8,729,000[57]
6,700[100]
187,300[100]
16,000[100]
210,000
2.41

 Newfoundland (British)AM
320,000[101]
1,100[102] (included with the U.K. & Canada)
100[103]

1,200
0.03

 New ZealandAN
1,629,000[57]
11,700[104]

11,700
0.72

 NorwayAO
2,945,000[105]
2,000[49]
8,200[106]

10,200
0.35

 Papua and New Guinea (Australian)AP
1,292,000[57]

15,000[107]

15,000
1.16

 Philippines (U.S. Territory) AQ
16,000,303[108]
27,000[109]
164,000[109]
336,000[109]
527,000
3.29

 Poland (within 1939 borders)AR
34,849,000[110]
240,000[111]
5,620,000[112]
to 5,820,000[113]

5,900,000[114]
to 6,000,000[115]
16.93 to 17.22

 Portuguese TimorAS
480,000[57]

40,000[116]
to 70,000[116]

40,000
to 70,000
8.33 to 14.58

 Romania (in postwar 1945 borders) AT
15,970,000[49]
300,000[35]
200,000[35]

500,000[35]
3.13

 Ruanda-Urundi (Belgian)AU
3,800,000[117]

300,000[118]
300,000
7.89

 South AfricaAW
10,160,000[119]
11,900[120]

11,900
0.12

 South Pacific Mandate (Japanese)AX
127,000[121]

10,000[122]

10,000
7.87

 Soviet Union (within 1946–91 borders[123])AY
188,793,000[124][125]
8,668,000[126][127] to 11,400,000[128][129][130][131]
10,000,000[132][133][134]
6,000,000 to 7,000,000[135][136]
20,000,000[137] to 27,000,000[138][139][140][141][142]
(see table below)AY4

 Spain AZ
25,637,000[143]
Included with the German Army

 Sweden BA
6,341,000[144]
100.[145]
2,000[146]

2,100
0.03

  Switzerland BB
4,210,000[147]

100[148]

100
0.00

 Thailand BC
15,023,000[149]
5,600[150]
2,000[150]

7,600
0.05

 Turkey BD
17,370,000[151]
200[152]

200
0.00

 United KingdomBE including British Colonies
47,760,000[153]
383,700[154]
67,200[155]

450,900
0.94

 United StatesBF
131,028,000[156]
407,300 BF1
12,100BF2

419,400
0.32

 YugoslaviaBG
15,490,000[157]
300,000[158]
to 446,000[159]
581,000[159] to 1,400,000[158]

1,027,000[159] to 1,700,000[158]
6.63 to 10.97

Other nationsBH
300,000,000

Approx. totals
2,300,000,000[1]
21,000,000
to 25,500,000
29,000,000
to 30,500,000
19,000,000
to 28,000,000
70,000,000
to 85,000,000
3.0 to 3.7

text:
Figures are rounded to the nearest hundredth place.
Military casualties include deaths of regular military forces from combat as well as non-combat causes. Partisan and resistance fighter deaths are included with military losses. The deaths of prisoners of war in captivity and personnel missing in action are also included with military deaths. Whenever possible the details are given in the footnotes.
The armed forces of the various nations are treated as single entities, for example the deaths of Austrians, French and foreign nationals of German ancestry in eastern Europe in the Wehrmacht are included with German military losses.
The official casualty statistics published by the governments of the United States, France, and the UK do not give the details of the national origin, race and religion of the losses.
Civilian casualties include deaths caused by strategic bombing, Holocaust victims, German war crimes, Japanese war crimes, population transfers in the Soviet Union, Allied war crimes, and deaths due to war related famine and disease. The exact breakdown is not always provided in the sources cited.

text: Nazi Germany

text:
[hide]
Human losses of the Third Reich in World War II (included in above figures of total war dead) A detailed description is given in the footnotes for Germany and Austria.[11][12]^S3

Country
Population
1939
Military
deaths
Civilian deaths due to
Allied Strategic Bombing
Civilian deaths due to
Nazi persecution
Civilian deaths due Expulsion of Germans
Total
deaths
Deaths as
% of 1939
population

Austria
6,653,000[17]
250,000[160] to 261,000[161]
24,000[160][162]
100,000[163]

370,000[163]
5.56

Germany (within 1937 borders)[164]
69,300,000[51]
3,760,000[160] to 4,456,000[165]
353,000(1942 borders)[166] to 410,000[160][167]
300,000[168] to 500,000[169][170]
400,000[171] to 1,225,000[160]
5,700,000[172]
8.23

Foreign nationals of German ancestry in eastern Europe[173]
7,423,000[174]
430,000[175] to 538,000[53]

200,000[176] to 886,000[177]
738,000[165][176] to 1,316,000[178]
9.96 to 17.76

Foreign nationals in western Europe
215,000[179]
63,000[53]

63,000[53]
29.3

Approx. Totals
83,500,000
4,440,000[180] to 5,318,000[53]
353,000[166] to 434,000[181]
400,000[182][169] to 600,000[169][170][182]
600,000[183] to 2,111,000[184]
6,900,000 to 7,400,000
8.26 to 8.86

text: German sources do not provide figures for Soviet citizens conscripted by Germany. Russian historian G.Krivosheev puts the losses of the "Vlasovites, Balts and Muslims etc." in German service at 215,000[185][186]

text: USSR

text: The estimated breakdown for each Soviet republic of total war dead[13]^AY4

text:
Soviet Republic
Population 1940 (within 1946-91 borders)
Military deaths
Civilian deaths due to
military activity and crimes against humanity
Civilian deaths due to
war related famine and disease
Total
Deaths as % of 1940 population

Armenia
1,320,000
150,000

30,000
180,000
13.6%

Azerbaijan
3,270,000
210,000

90,000
300,000
9.1%

Belarus
9,050,000
620,000
1,360,000
310,000
2,290,000
25.3%

Estonia
1,050,000
30,000
50,000

80,000
7.6%

Georgia
3,610,000
190,000

110,000
300,000
8.3%

Kazakhstan
6,150,000
310,000

350,000
660,000
10.7%

Kyrgyzstan
1,530,000
70,000

50,000
120,000
7.8%

Latvia
1,890,000
30,000
190,000
40,000
260,000
13.7%

Lithuania
2,930,000
25,000
275,000
75,000
375,000
12.7%

Moldova
2,470,000
50,000
75,000
45,000
170,000
6.9%

Russia
110,100,000
6,750,000
4,100,000
3,100,000
13,950,000
12.7%

Tajikistan
1,530,000
50,000

70,000
120,000
7.8%

Turkmenistan
1,300,000
70,000

30,000
100,000
7.7%

Ukraine
41,340,000
1,650,000
3,700,000
1,500,000
6,850,000
16.3%

Uzbekistan
6,550,000
330,000

220,000
550,000
8.4%

Unidentified
–
165,000
130,000

295,000

Total USSR
194,090,000
10,600,000
10,000,000
6,000,000
26,600,000
13.7%

text: The source of the figures is Vadim Erlikman. Poteri narodonaseleniia v XX veke: spravochnik. Moscow, 2004. ISBN 5-93165-107-1. pp 21–35. Erlikman, a Russian historian, notes that these figures are his estimates.

text:
The population listed here of 194.090 million is taken from Soviet era sources. Recent studies published in Russia put the actual corrected population in 1940 at 192.598 million.[187][188]
According to Russian estimates the population in 1939 included 20.268 million in the territories annexed by the USSR from 1939–40: the eastern regions of Poland 12.983 million; Lithuania 2.440 million; Latvia 1.951 million; Estonia 1.122 million; Romanian Bessarabia and Bukovina 3.7 million; less transfers out of (392,000) ethnic Germans deported during the Nazi–Soviet population transfers; the Anders Army (120,000); the First Polish Army (1944–45) (26,000) and Zakerzonia & the Belastok Region (1,392,000) which was returned to Poland in 1945.[187][189][190]
Russian sources estimate post war population transfers resulted in a net loss of (622,000). The additions were the annexation of the Carpatho-Ukraine 725,000; the Tuvan People's Republic 81,000; the remaining population on South Sakhalin 29,000 and in the Kaliningrad Oblast 5,000; and the deportation of Ukrainians from Poland to the USSR in 1944-47 518,000. The transfers out included the flight and expulsion of Poles from the USSR 1944-47 (1,529,000) and the post war emigration to the west (451,000) [187][191][192] According to Viktor Zemskov 3/4 of the post war emigration to the west was of persons who were from the territories annexed in 1939-40[193]
Estimates in the west for the population transfers differ. According to Sergei Maksudov, a Russian demographer living in the west, the population of the territories annexed by the USSR was 23 million less the net population transfers out of 3 million persons who emigrated from the USSR including 2,136,000 Poles who left the USSR; 115,000 Polish soldiers of the Anders Army ; 392,000 Germans who left in the era of the Nazi-Soviet Pact and 400,000 Jews, Romanians, Germans Czech and Hungarians who emigrated after the war [194][4] The Polish government-in-exile put the population of the territories of Poland annexed by the Soviet Union at 13.199 million [195]
Polish sources put the number of refugees from the territories of Poland annexed by the Soviet Union living in post war Poland at about 2.2 million, about 700,000 more than those listed in the Soviet sources of Poles repatriated. The difference is due to the fact that Poles from the eastern regions who were deported to Germany during the war or had fled Volhynia and Eastern Galicia were not included in the figures of the organized transfers in 1944-47.[196]
Figures for Belarus, Ukraine and Lithuania include about two million civilian dead that are also listed in Polish sources in the total war dead of Poland. Polish historian Krystyna Kersten estimated losses of about two million in the Polish areas annexed by the Soviet Union.[197] The formal transfer of the territories of Poland annexed by the Soviet Union occurred with the Polish–Soviet border agreement of August 1945.
According to Erlikman, in addition to the war dead, there were 1,700,000 deaths due to Soviet repression. (200,000 executed; 4,500,000 sent to prisons and Gulag of whom 1,200,000 died; 2,200,000 deported of whom 300,000 died)[198]

text: Holocaust deaths

text: Included in the figures of total war dead for each nation are victims of the Holocaust.

text: Jewish deaths

text: The Holocaust is the term generally used to describe the genocide of approximately six million European Jews during World War II. Martin Gilbert estimates 5.7 million (78%) of the 7.3 million Jews in German occupied Europe were Holocaust victims.[199] Estimates of Holocaust deaths range between 4.9 and 5.9 million Jews.[200]

text: Statistical breakdown of Jewish dead:

text:
In Nazi extermination camps: according to Polish Institute of National Remembrance (IPN) researchers, 2,830,000 Jews were murdered in the Nazi death camps (500,000 Belzec; 150,000 Sobibor; 850,000 Treblinka; 150,000 Chełmno; 1,100,000 Auschwitz; 80,000 Majdanek).[201] Raul Hilberg puts the Jewish death toll in the death camps, including Romanian Transnistria, at 3.0 million.[202]
In the USSR by the Einsatzgruppen: Raul Hilberg puts the Jewish death toll in the area of the mobile killing groups at 1.4 million.[202]
Aggravated deaths in the Ghettos of Nazi-occupied Europe: Raul Hilberg puts the Jewish death toll in the Ghettos at 700,000.[202]
Yad Vashem has identified the names of four million Jewish Holocaust dead.[203]

text: The figures for the pre-war Jewish population and deaths in the table below are from The Columbia Guide to the Holocaust.[200] The low, high and average percentage figures for deaths of the pre-war population have been added.

text:
Country
Pre-war Jewish population[200] in 1933
Low estimate deaths[200]
High estimate deaths.[200]
Low %
High %
Average %

Austria
191,000 (see footnote)
50,000
65,000
26.2%
34.0%
30.1%

Belgium
60,000 (see footnote)
25,000
29,000
41.7%
48.3%
45.0%

Czech Republic[204]
92,000
77,000
78,300
83.7%
85.1%
84.4%

Denmark
8,000
60
116
0.8 %
1.5%
1.1%

Estonia
4,600
1,500
2,000
32.6%
43.5%
38.0%

France
260,000 (see footnote)
75,000
77,000
28.8%
29.6%
29.2%

Germany
566,000 (see footnote)
135,000
142,000
23.9%
25.1%
24.5%

Greece
73,000
59,000
67,000
80.8%
91.8%
86.3%

Hungary (borders 1940)[205]
725,000
502,000
569,000
69.2%
78.5%
73.9%

Italy
48,000
6,500
9,000
13.5%
18.8%
16.1%

Latvia
95,000
70,000
72,000
73.7%
75.8%
74.7%

Lithuania
155,000
130,000
143,000
83.9%
92.3%
88.1%

Luxembourg
3,500
1,000
2,000
28.6%
57.1%
42.9%

Netherlands
112,000 (see footnote)
100,000
105,000
89.3%
93.8%
91.5%

Norway
1,700
800
800
47.1%
47.1%
47.1%

Poland (borders 1939)
3,250,000
2,700,000
3,000,000
83.1%
92.3%
87.7%

Romania (borders 1940)
441,000
121,000
287,000
27.4%
65.1%
46.3%

Slovakia
89,000
60,000
71,000
67.4%
79.8%
73.6%

Soviet Union (borders 1939)
2,825,000
700,000
1,100,000
24.8%
38.9%
31.9%

Yugoslavia
68,000
56,000
65,000
82.4%
95.6%
89.0%

Total
9,067,000
4,869,860
5,894,716
50.4% (avg.)
59.7% (avg.)
55.1% (avg.)

text:
The total population figures from 1933 listed here are taken from The Columbia Guide to the Holocaust. From 1933 to 1939 about 400,000 Jews fled Germany, Austria, and Czechoslovakia. Some of these refugees were in western Europe when Germany occupied these countries in 1940. In 1940 there were 30,000 Jewish refugees in the Netherlands, 12,000 in Belgium, 30,000 in France, 2,000 in Denmark, 5,000 in Italy, and 2,000 in Norway[206]
Netherlands figure listed in the table of 112,000 Jews taken from The Columbia Guide to the Holocaust includes those Jews who were resident in Holland in 1933. By 1940 the Jewish population had increased to 140,000 with the inclusion of 30,000 Jewish refugees.[206] In the Netherlands 8,000 Jews in mixed marriages were not subject to deportation.[207] However an article in the Dutch periodical De Groene Amsterdammer maintains that some Jews in mixed marriages were deported before the practice was ended by Hitler.[208]
Hungarian Jewish Holocaust victims within the 1939 borders were 200,000.[209]
Romanian Jewish Holocaust victims totalled 469,000 within 1939 borders, which includes 300,000 in Bessarabia and Bukovina occupied by the U.S.S.R. in 1940.[209][210]
According to Martin Gilbert, Jewish Holocaust victims totalled 8,000 in Italy, and 562 in the Italian colony of Libya[211]

text: Non-Jews persecuted and killed by Nazi and Nazi-affiliated forces

text: Some scholars maintain that the definition of the Holocaust should also include the other victims persecuted and killed by the Nazis.[212][213]

text:
Donald L. Niewyk professor of history at Southern Methodist University maintains that the Holocaust can be defined in four ways: first, that it was the genocide of the Jews alone; second, that there were several parallel Holocausts, one for each of the several groups; third, the Holocaust would include Roma and the handicapped along with the Jews; fourth, it would include all racially motivated German crimes, such as the murder of Soviet prisoners of war, Polish and Soviet civilians, as well as political prisoners, religious dissenters, and homosexuals. Using this definition, the total number of Holocaust victims is between 11 million and 17 million people.[214]
According to the College of Education of the University of South Florida Approximately 11 million people were killed because of Nazi genocidal policy.[215]
R.J. Rummel estimated the death toll due to Nazi Democide at 20.9 million persons.[216]
Timothy Snyder put the victims of the Nazis killed only as result of deliberate policies of mass murder such as executions, deliberate famine and in death camps at 10.4 million persons including 5.4 million Jews.[217]
German scholar Hellmuth Auerbach puts the death toll in the Hitler era at 6 million Jews killed in the Holocaust and 7 million other victims of the Nazis.[218]
Dieter Pohl puts the total number of victims of the Nazi era at between 12 and 14 million persons, including 5.6–5.7 million Jews.[219]
Roma Included in the figures of total war dead are the Roma victims of the Nazi persecution, some scholars include the Roma deaths with the Holocaust. Most estimates of Roma (Gypsies) victims range from 130,000 to 500,000.[214][220] Ian Hancock, Director of the Program of Romani Studies and the Romani Archives and Documentation Center at the University of Texas at Austin, has argued in favour of a higher figure of between 500,000 and 1,500,000 Roma dead.[221] Hancock writes that, proportionately, the death toll equaled "and almost certainly exceed[ed], that of Jewish victims".[222] In a 2010 publication, Ian Hancock stated that he agrees with the view that the number of Romanis killed has been underestimated as a result of being grouped with others in Nazi records under headings such as "remainder to be liquidated", "hangers-on" and "partisans".[223]

text: The following figures are from The Columbia Guide to the Holocaust, the authors maintain that "statistics on Gypsy losses are especially unreliable and controversial. These figures (cited below) are based on necessarily rough estimates".[224]

text:
Country
Pre-war Roma population
Low estimate victims
High estimate victims

Austria
11,200
6,800
8,250

Belgium
600
350
500

Czech Republic[204]
13,000
5,000
6,500

Estonia
1,000
500
1,000

France
40,000
15,150
15,150

Germany
20,000
15,000
15,000

Greece
?
50
50

Hungary
100,000
1,000
28,000

Italy
25,000
1,000
1,000

Latvia
5,000
1,500
2,500

Lithuania
1,000
500
1,000

Luxembourg
200
100
200

Netherlands
500
215
500

Poland
50,000
8,000
35,000

Romania
300,000
19,000
36,000

Slovakia
80,000
400
10,000

Soviet Union (borders 1939)
200,000
30,000
35,000

Yugoslavia
100,000
26,000
90,000

Total
947,500
130,565
285,650

text:
Handicapped persons: 200,000 to 250,000 handicapped persons were killed.[225] A 2003 report by the German Federal Archive put the total murdered during the Action T4 and Action 14f13 programs at 200,000.[226][227]
Prisoners of War: POW deaths in Nazi captivity totalled 3.1 million[228] including 2.6 to 3 million Soviet prisoners of war.[229]
Ethnic Poles: According to the United States Holocaust Memorial Museum "It is estimated that the Germans killed at least 1.9 million non-Jewish Polish civilians during World War II." [230] They maintain that "Documentation remains fragmentary, but today scholars of independent Poland believe that 1.8 to 1.9 million Polish civilians (non-Jews) were victims of German Occupation policies and the war."[231] However the Polish government affiliated Institute of National Remembrance (IPN) in 2009 estimated 2,770,000 ethnic Polish deaths due to the German occupation[232] (see World War II casualties of Poland).
Russians, Ukrainians and Belarusians: According to Nazi ideology, Slavs were useless sub-humans. As such, their leaders, the Soviet elite, were to be killed and the remainder of the population enslaved or expelled further eastward. As a result, millions of civilians in the Soviet Union were deliberately killed, starved, or worked to death.[233] Contemporary Russian sources use the terms "genocide" and "premeditated extermination" when referring to civilian losses in the occupied USSR. Civilians killed in reprisals during the Soviet partisan war and wartime-related famine account for a major part of the huge toll.[234] The Cambridge History of Russia puts overall civilian deaths in the Nazi-occupied USSR at 13.7 million persons including 2 million Jews. There were an additional 2.6 million deaths in the interior regions of the Soviet Union. The authors maintain "scope for error in this number is very wide". At least 1 million perished in the wartime GULAG camps or in deportations. Other deaths occurred in the wartime evacuations and due to war related malnutrition and disease in the interior. The authors maintain that both Stalin and Hitler "were both responsible but in different ways for these deaths", and "In short the general picture of Soviet wartime losses suggests a jigsaw puzzle. The general outline is clear: people died in colossal numbers but in many different miserable and terrible circumstances. But individual pieces of the puzzle do not fit well; some overlap and others are yet to be found".[235] Bohdan Wytwycky maintained that civilian losses of 3.0 million Ukrainians and 1.4 million Belarusians "were racially motivated".[236][237] According to Paul Robert Magocsi, between 1941 and 1945, approximately 3,000,000 Ukrainian and other non-Jewish victims were killed as part of Nazi extermination policies in the territory of modern Ukraine.[238] Dieter Pohl puts the total number of victims of the Nazi policies in the USSR at 500,000 civilians killed in the repression of partisans, 1.0 million victims of the Nazi Hunger Plan, c. 3.0 million Soviet POW and 1.0 million Jews (in pre-war borders).[239] Soviet author Georgiy A. Kumanev put the civilian death toll in the Nazi-occupied USSR at 8.2 million (4.0 million Ukrainians, 2.5 million Belarusians, and 1.7 million Russians).[240] A report published by the Russian Academy of Sciences in 1995 put the death toll due to the German occupation at 13.7 million civilians (including Jews): 7.4 million victims of Nazi genocide and reprisals; 2.2 million persons deported to Germany for forced labor; and 4.1 million famine and disease deaths in occupied territory. Sources published in the Soviet Union were cited to support these figures.[241]
Homosexuals: According to the United States Holocaust Memorial Museum "Between 1933 and 1945 the police arrested an estimated 100,000 men as homosexuals. Most of the 50,000 men sentenced by the courts spent time in regular prisons, and between 5,000 and 15,000 were interned in concentration camps." They also noted that there are no known statistics for the number of homosexuals who died in the camps.[242]
Other victims of Nazi persecution: Between 1,000 and 2,000 Roman Catholic clergy,[243] about 1,000 Jehovah's Witnesses,[244] and an unknown number of Freemasons[245] perished in Nazi prisons and camps. "The fate of black people from 1933-45 in Nazi Germany and in German-occupied territories ranged from isolation to persecution, sterilization, medical experimentation, incarceration, brutality, and murder."[246] During the Nazi era Communists, Socialists, Social Democrats, and trade union leaders were victims of Nazi persecution.[247]
Serbs: The numbers of Serbs murdered by the Ustaše is the subject of debate and estimates vary widely. Yad Vashem estimates over 500,000 murdered, 250,000 expelled and 200,000 forcibly converted to Catholicism.[248] The estimate of the United States Holocaust Memorial Museum is that the Ustaše murdered between 320,000 and 340,000 ethnic Serbs in the Independent State of Croatia between 1941–45, with roughly 45,000 to 52,000 murdered at the Jasenovac concentration camp alone.[249] According to the Wiesenthal Center at least 90,000 Serbs, Jews, Gypsies and anti-fascist Croatians perished at the hands of the Ustashe at the camp at Jasenovac.[250] According to Yugoslav sources published in the Tito era the estimates of the number of Serb victims range from 200,000 to at least 600,000 persons.[251] See also World War II persecution of Serbs.

text: Japanese war crimes

text: Included with total war dead are victims of Japanese war crimes.

text: R. J. Rummel estimates the civilian victims of Japanese democide at 5,424,000. Detailed by country: China 3,695,000; Indochina 457,000; Korea 378,000; Indonesia 375,000; Malaya-Singapore 283,000; Philippines 119,000, Burma 60,000 and Pacific Islands 57,000.

text: Werner Gruhl estimates the civilian deaths at 20,365,000. Detailed by country: China 12,392,000; Indochina 1,500,000; Korea 500,000; Dutch East Indies 3,000,000; Malaya and Singapore 100,000; Philippines 500,000; Burma 170,000; Forced laborers in Southeast Asia 70,000, 30,000 interned non-Asian civilians; Timor 60,000; Thailand and Pacific Islands 60,000.[253]

text:
Out of 60,000 Indian Army POWs taken at the Fall of Singapore, 11,000 died in captivity.[254]
There were 14,657 deaths among the total 130,895 western civilians interned by the Japanese due to famine and disease.[255][256]

text: Oppression in the Soviet Union

text: The total war dead in the USSR includes victims of Soviet oppression. The number of deaths in the Gulag labor camps increased as a result of wartime overcrowding and food shortages.[257] The Stalin regime deported the entire populations of ethnic minorities considered to be potentially disloyal.[258] Since 1990 Russian scholars have been given access to the Soviet-era archives and have published data on the numbers of people executed and those who died in Gulag labor camps and prisons.[259] The Russian scholar Viktor Zemskov puts the death toll from 1941–1945 at about 1 million based on data from the Soviet archives.[260] The Soviet-era archive figures on the Gulag labor camps has been the subject of a vigorous academic debate outside Russia since their publication in 1991. J. Arch Getty and Stephen G. Wheatcroft maintain that Soviet-era figures more accurately detail the victims of the Gulag labor camp system in the Stalin era.[261][262] Robert Conquest and Steven Rosefielde have disputed the accuracy of the data from the Soviet archives, maintaining that the demographic data and testimonials by survivors of the Gulag labor camps indicate a higher death toll.[263][264] Rosefielde posits that the release of the Soviet Archive figures is disinformation generated by the modern KGB.[265] Rosefielde maintains that the data from the Soviet archives is incomplete; for example, he pointed out that the figures do not include the 22,000 victims of the Katyn massacre.[266] Rosefielde's demographic analysis puts the number of excess deaths due to Soviet repression at 2,183,000 in 1939–40 and 5,458,000 from 1941–1945.[267] Michael Haynes and Rumy Husun accept the figures from the Soviet archives as being an accurate tally of Stalin's victims, they maintain that the demographic data depicts an underdeveloped Soviet economy and the losses in World War Two rather than indicating a higher death toll in the Gulag labor camps.[268]

text: In August 2009 the Polish Institute of National Remembrance (IPN) researchers estimated 150,000 Polish citizens were killed due to Soviet repression. Since the collapse of the USSR, Polish scholars have been able to do research in the Soviet archives on Polish losses during the Soviet occupation.[197] Andrzej Paczkowski puts the number of Polish deaths at 90,000–100,000 of the 1.0 million persons deported and 30,000 executed by the Soviets.[269] In 2005 Tadeusz Piotrowski estimated the death toll in Soviet hands at 350,000.[270]

text: The Estonian State Commission for the Examination of Repressive Policies Carried out During the Occupations put civilian deaths due to the Soviet occupation in 1940–1941 at 33,900 including (7,800 deaths) of arrested people, (6,000) deportee deaths, (5,000) evacuee deaths, (1,100) people gone missing and (14,000) conscripted for forced labor. After the reoccupation by the U.S.S.R., 5,000 Estonians died in Soviet prisons during 1944–45.[271]

text:
The following is a summary of the data from the Soviet archives:
Reported deaths for the years 1939–1945 1,187,783, including: judicial executions 46,350; deaths in Gulag labor camps 718,804; deaths in labor colonies and prisons 422,629.[272]

text:
Deported to special settlements: (figures are for deportations to Special Settlements only, not including those executed, sent to Gulag labor camps or conscripted into the Soviet Army. Nor do the figures include additional deportations after the war).
Deported from annexed territories 1940–41 380,000 to 390,000 persons, including: Poland 309–312,000; Lithuania 17,500; Latvia 17,000; Estonia 6,000; Moldova 22,842.[273] In August 1941, 243,106 Poles living in the Special Settlements were amnestied and released by the Soviets.[274]
Deported during the War 1941–1945 about 2.3 million persons of Soviet ethnic minorities including: Soviet Germans 1,209,000; Finns 9,000; Karachays 69,000; Kalmyks 92,000;Chechens and Ingush 479,000; Balkars 37,000; Crimean Tatars 191,014; Meskhetian Turks 91,000; Greeks, Bulgarians and Armenians from Crimea 42,000; Ukrainian OUN members 100,000; Poles 30,000.[275]
A total of 2,230,500[276] persons were living in the settlements in October 1945 and 309,100 deaths were reported in special settlements for the years 1941–1948.[277]

text: Russian sources list Axis prisoner of war deaths of 580,589 in Soviet captivity based on data in the Soviet archives (Germany 381,067; Hungary 54,755; Romania 54,612; Italy 27,683; Finland 403, and Japan 62,069).[278] However some western scholars estimate the total at between 1.7 and 2.3 million.[279]

text: Military casualties by branch of service

text:
Country
Branch of service
Number served
Killed/missing
Wounded
Prisoners of war Captured
Percent killed

Germany
Army[280]
13,600,000
4,202,000

30.9

Germany
Air Force (including infantry units)[280]
2,500,000
433,000

17.3

Germany
Navy[280]
1,200,000
138,000

11.5

Germany
Waffen SS[280]
900,000
314,000

34.9

Germany
Volkssturm and other Paramilitary Forces[280]

231,000

Germany
Total (incl. conscripted foreigners)
18,200,000
5,318,000
6,035,000
11,100,000
29.2

Japan[281][282]
Army (1937–1945)
6,300,000
1,326,076
85,600
30,000
24.2

Japan
Navy (1941–1945)
2,100,000
414,879
8,900
10,000
19.8

Japan
POW dead after Surrender.[283][284][285]

381,000

Japan
Imperial Japan Total
8,400,000
2,121,955
94,500
40,000
25.3

Italy
Army
3,040,000
246,432

8.1

Italy
Navy
259,082[286]
31,347

12.0

Italy
Air Force
130,000[287]
13,210

10.2

Italy
Partisan forces
80,000[288] to 250,000[289][290]
35,828

14 to 44

Italy
RSI forces
520,000[291]
13,021 to 35,000

2.5 to 6.7

Italy
Total Italy
3,430,000[292][293]
319,207[294] to 341,000
320,000
1,300,000[295]
9.3 to 9.9

Soviet Union (1939–40)
All branches of service[296]

136,945
205,924

Soviet Union (1941–45)
All branches of service[297]
34,476,700
8,668,400
14,685,593
4,050,000
25.1

Soviet Union
Conscripted Reservists not yet in active service (see note below)[298]

500,000

Soviet Union
Civilians in POW camps (see note below)[299]

1,000,000

1,750,000

Soviet Union
Paramilitary and Soviet partisan units[300]

400,000

Soviet Union
Total Soviet Forces
34,476,700
10,725,345
14,915,517
5,750,000
31.1

British Empire and Commonwealth[301][302][303]
All branches of service
17,843,000
580,497
475,000
318,000
3.3

United States[304]
Army[305]
11,260,000
318,274
565,861
124,079[305][306]
2.8

United States
Air Force (included with Army)[305]
(3,400,000)
(88,119)
(17,360)

2.5

United States
Navy
4,183,446
62,614
37,778
3,848[307]
1.5

United States
Marine Corps
669,100
24,511
68,207
2,274[308][309]
3.7

United States
Coast Guard[310]
241,093
1,917

0.8

United States
Public Health Service Commissioned Corps[311]
2,600
8[312]

0.3

United States
Coast and Geodetic Survey Corps[313]

3

United States
Total U.S. Armed Forces
16,353,639
407,316
671,846
130,201[314][315]
2.5

text: Germany

text:
The number killed in action was 2,303,320; died of wounds, disease or accidents 500,165; 11,000 sentenced to death by court martial; 2,007,571 missing in action or unaccounted for after the war; 25,000 suicides; 12,000 unknown;[316] 459,475 confirmed POW deaths, of whom 77,000 were in the custody of the U.S., UK and France; and 363,000 in Soviet custody. POW deaths includes 266,000 in the post-war period after June 1945, primarily in Soviet captivity.[317]
Rüdiger Overmans writes "It seems entirely plausible, while not provable, that one half of the 1.5 million missing on the eastern front were killed in action, the other half (700,000) however in fact died in Soviet custody".[318]
Soviet sources list the deaths of 474,967 of the 2,652,672 German Armed Forces POW taken in the war.[319]

text: USSR

text:
Estimated total Soviet military war dead from 1941–45 on the Eastern Front (World War II) including missing in action, POWs and Soviet partisans range from 8.6 to 10.6 million.[300] There were an additional 127,000 war dead in 1939–40 during the Winter War with Finland.[320]
The official figures for military war dead and missing from 1941–45 are 8,668,400 comprising 6,329,600 combat related deaths, 555,500 non-combat deaths.[321] 500,000 missing in action and 1,103,300 POW dead and another 180,000 liberated POWs who most likely emigrated to other countries.[322][323][324] Figures include Navy losses of 154,771.[325] Non-combat deaths include 157,000 sentenced to death by court martial.[326]
Casualties in 1939–40 include the following dead and missing, Battle of Khalkhin Gol in 1939 (8,931); Invasion of Poland of 1939 (1,139); Winter War with Finland (1939–40) (126,875).[296]
The number of wounded includes 2,576,000 permanently disabled.[327]
The official Russian figure for total POW held by the Germans is 4,059,000; the number of Soviet POW who survived the war was 2,016,000, including 180,000 who most likely emigrated to other countries, and an additional 939,700 POW and MIA who were redrafted as territory was liberated. This leaves 1,103,000 POW dead. However, western historians put the number of POW held by the Germans at 5.7 million and about 3 million as dead in captivity (in the official Russian figures 1.1 million are military POW and remaining balance of about 2 million are included with civilian war dead).[322][328]
Conscripted reservists is an estimate of men called up, primarily in 1941, who were killed in battle or died as POWs before being listed on active strength. Soviet and Russian sources classify these losses as civilian deaths.[329]

text: British Commonwealth

text:
Number served: UK and Crown Colonies (5,896,000); India-(British colonial administration) (2,582,000), Australia (993,000); Canada (1,100,000); New Zealand (295,000); South Africa (250,000).[330]
Total war related deaths reported by the Commonwealth War Graves Commission: UK and Crown Colonies (383,786); India-(British colonial administration) (87,032), Australia (40,464); Canada (45,383); New Zealand (11,929); South Africa (11,903).[331]
Total military dead for the United Kingdom alone(according to preliminary 1945 figures): 264,443. Royal Navy (50,758); British Army (144,079); Royal Air Force (69,606).[332][333]
Wounded: UK and Crown Colonies (284,049); India-(British colonial administration) (64,354), Australia (39,803); Canada (53,174); New Zealand (19,314); South Africa (14,363).[302][334][335]
Prisoner of war: UK and Crown Colonies (180,488); India-(British colonial administration) (79,481); Australia (26,358); South Africa (14,750); Canada (9,334); New Zealand (8,415).[302][334][335]
The Debt of Honour Register from the Commonwealth War Graves Commission lists the 1.7m men and women of the Commonwealth forces who died during the two world wars.[336]

text: U.S.

text:
Battle deaths (including POWs who died in captivity, does not include those who died of disease and accidents)[305] were 292,131: Army 234,874 (including Army Air Forces 52,173); Navy 36,950; Marine Corps 19,733; and Coast Guard 574 (185,924 deaths occurred in the European/Atlantic theater of operations and 106,207 deaths occurred in Asia/Pacific theater of operations).[305][337]
During World War II, 14,059 American POWs died in enemy captivity throughout the war (12,935 held by Japan and 1,124 held by Germany).[338]
During World War II, 1.2 million African Americans served in the U.S. Armed Forces and 708 were killed in action. 350,000 American women served in the Armed Forces during World War II and 16 were killed in action.[339] During World War II, 26,000 Japanese-Americans served in the Armed Forces and over 800 were killed in action.[340]

text: Commonwealth military casualties

text: The Commonwealth War Graves Commission (CWGC) Annual Report 2014–2015[341] is the source of the military dead for the British Empire. The war dead totals listed in the report are based on the research by the CWGC to identify and commemorate Commonwealth war dead. The statistics tabulated by the CWGC are representative of the number of names commemorated for all servicemen/women of the Armed Forces of the Commonwealth and former UK Dependencies, whose death was attributable to their war service. Some auxiliary and civilian organizations are also accorded war grave status if death occurred under certain specified conditions. For the purposes of CWGC the dates of inclusion for Commonwealth War Dead are 3 September 1939 to 31 December 1947.

text: Charts and graphs

text:
Military and civilian deaths during World War II for the Allied and the Axis Powers.

Axis Military personnel killed, percentage by country.

Allies Military personnel killed, percentage by country.

World War II Military Deaths by Country (using Wikipedia's cited numbers)


document_title: Scarlett Martínez International Airport

question_text: what airlines fly to rio hato airport panama

root

text: Scarlett Martínez International Airport

text: History[edit]

text: Río Hato Army Air Base[edit]

text: Established in 1931, during World War II Río Hato Army Air Base was used by the United States Army Air Forces Sixth Air Force as part of the defense of the Panama Canal. It was closed as an active Air Force facility in 1948 but was used as an USAF auxiliary military landing field as late as 1990 as part of Howard Air Force Base.

tag: p

text: Units assigned to the base were:

text:
28th Pursuit Squadron (37th Pursuit Group), 5 October – 13 November 1940 (Boeing P-26 Peashooter)
30th Pursuit Squadron (37th Pursuit Group), 5 October – 13 November 1940 (Boeing P-26 Peashooter)
31st Pursuit Squadron (37th Pursuit Group), 5 October – 13 November 1940 (Boeing P-26 Peashooter)
1st Bombardment Squadron (9th Bombardment Group), 13 November 1940 – 24 April 1941 (B-18 Bolo)
5th Bombardment Squadron (9th Bombardment Group), 13 November 1940 – 28 September 1941 (B-18 Bolo)
99th Bombardment Squadron (9th Bombardment Group), 13 November 1940 – 3 December 1941 (B-18 Bolo)
59th Bombardment Squadron (9th Bombardment Group) 1 January – 28 October 1941 (A-20 Havoc)
Headquarters, 32d Pursuit Group, 1 January – 9 December 1941

tag: ul

text:
4th Tactical Reconnaissance Squadron (Caribbean Air Command), 20 August 1946 – 1 December 1947 (CQ-3, PQ-14)
414th Fighter Squadron (6th Fighter Wing) 24 March – 1 September 1947 (P-61 Black Widow)
319th Fighter Squadron (6th Fighter Wing) 1 September 1947 – 14 January 1948 (P-61 Black Widow)

text: Headquarters, 6th Bombardment Group, 9 December 1941 – 14 January 1943

text:
108th Reconnaissance Squadron (72d Observation Group) 14–19 January 1942 (B-18 Bolo)
395th Bombardment Squadron (40th, 6th Bombardment Groups) 17 June 1942 – 16 June 1943 (Northrup A-17 Nomad, B-24 Liberator)
396th Bombardment Squadron (VI Bomber Command)

text: 397th Bombardment Squadron (6th Bombardment Group, VI Bomber Command)

text: 25th Bombardment Squadron (VI Bomber Command), 9 September – 8 December 1944; 27 January – 26 April 1945; October 1945 – 1 November 1946 B-24 Liberator

text: Operation Just Cause[edit]

text: During Operation Just Cause, The United States Army 2d and 3d Battalions, 75th Ranger Regiment (TF RED ROMEO), departed Lawson Army Airfield, Fort Benning, Georgia, at 18:00 on 19 December 1989. Its mission was to seize Río Hato and neutralize the 6th and 7th PDF Infantry Cos. At 01:00 on 20 December, the battalion jumped from C-130s onto the airfield at Río Hato. Both PDF companies had been alerted and fired on the C-130s with small arms and anti-aircraft guns.[2] Despite PDF resistance, the battalion assembled, attacked the barracks, and established an airhead. By morning, the Rangers had accomplished all missions, captured 250 prisoners, and cleared the airfield for future operations.

text: Río Hato was also the first combat target for the US Air Force F-117 Nighthawk stealth fighter during Operation Just Cause. On 19 December 1989, a flight of eight F-117s lifted off from Tonopah Test Range Airport, Nevada. Their target was a large open field beside barracks housing two companies of troops belonging to Battalion 2000, an elite unit known to be fiercely loyal to Panamanian dictator Manuel Noriega. The plan was for the aircraft to drop two large 2,000-pound Mark 84 bombs, colloquially known as "the Hammer" (whose bombs, described as "the world's largest stun grenades", had a lethal radius of 400 feet and were capable of blowing out eardrums half a mile away), close enough to the buildings to stun the sleeping soldiers so that they could not respond to the nearby nighttime parachute landings by the 2nd Ranger Battalion and elements of the 3rd Battalion. The explosion of the bombs at a designated point of impact just 50 yards from the barracks would do just that, and fused to detonate after they had penetrated a few feet of earth, they would not cause many casualties.

text: Unfortunately, the fog of war was in the air. It also appears that, although the Pentagon brass understood the F-117A's accuracy, they did not fully understand what situation exactly the F-117A was suited for. As the two F-117As approached their target, the wind changed direction. Moreover, a last-minute change in the attack plan and confused communications resulted in the first pilot dropping his bomb where the second was to strike. The other pilot, thinking the attack had reverted to the original plan, dropped his bomb 325 yards wide.

text: International airport[edit]

text: This section does not cite any sources. Please help improve this section by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. (April 2017) (Learn how and when to remove this template message)

tag: table

text: In 2011 the government of Panama gave the order to proceed with a project to rebuild the airport. The restoration work will include the rehabilitation of the runway and airport terminal and construction of a tunnel for the Pan-American Highway, which previously crossed the runway. The $53.2 million project was awarded through a public bidding process. The project will be supervised by the Ministry of Public Works (MOP) and the Civil Aviation Authority (CAA) and is expected to last 14 months. President Ricardo Martinelli said the new Scarlett Martínez Airport at Río Hato will bring benefits and opportunities for area residents.  The airport would allow Panama City’s Tocumen International Airport to accept more flights for business and connecting flights in an effort to secure Panama’s position as a hub for business and commercial activity in the region. It will serve to boost tourism along the Pacific beaches of Panama, where several beach resorts and condo developments are located. President Martinelli confirmed that the airport will be used by charter companies from the United States, Canada, and Europe. In May 2013, it was indicated that the new airport was expected to open in September of that year.

text: The airport was officially opened by President Martinelli on 13 November 2013.

text:
AirlinesDestinationsArrendamientos Aereos  Charter: Panama City-Albrook
Air Costa Rica  Charter:  San José (CR)
Air Panama  Charter: Panama City-Albrook
Air Transat Montreal-Trudeau, Toronto-Pearson
Sunwing Airlines  Toronto-Pearson Seasonal: Bagotville, Montreal-Trudeau, Quebec City


document_title: List of multiple Olympic gold medalists

question_text: who has won the most gold medals in the olympics

text: List of multiple Olympic gold medalists

text: List of most Olympic gold medals over career[edit]

text: This is a partial list of multiple Olympic gold medalists, listing people who have won four or more Olympic gold medals. Medals won in the 1906 Intercalated Games are not included. (If they were, Ray Ewry would be second on the list with 10 gold). It includes top-three placings in 1896 and 1900, before medals were awarded for top-three placings. For simplicity, when an athlete has won medals for more than one nation, only the last nation he or she represented is mentioned here. The Olympics listed for each athlete only include games in which they won medals. See the particular article on the athlete for more details on when and for what nation an athlete competed. More medals are available in some events than others, and the number of events in which medals are available overall has changed over time.

text:
No.
Athlete
Nation
Sport
Years
Games
Gender
Gold
Silver
Bronze
Total

1
Phelps, MichaelMichael Phelps
 United States
Swimming
2004–2016
Summer
M
23
3
2
28

2
Latynina, LarisaLarisa Latynina
 Soviet Union
Gymnastics
1956–1964
Summer
F
9
5
4
18

3
Nurmi, PaavoPaavo Nurmi
 Finland
Athletics
1920–1928
Summer
M
9
3
0
12

4
Spitz, MarkMark Spitz
 United States
Swimming
1968–1972
Summer
M
9
1
1
11

5
Lewis, CarlCarl Lewis
 United States
Athletics
1984–1996
Summer
M
9
1
0
10

6
Bjørgen, MaritMarit Bjørgen
 Norway
Cross-country skiing
2002–2018
Winter
F
8
4
3
15

7
Bjørndalen, Ole EinarOle Einar Bjørndalen
 Norway
Biathlon
1998–2014
Winter
M
8
4
1
13

8
Dæhlie, BjørnBjørn Dæhlie
 Norway
Cross-country skiing
1992–1998
Winter
M
8
4
0
12

Fischer, BirgitBirgit Fischer
 East Germany
 Germany
Canoeing
1980–2004
Summer
F
8
4
0
12

10
Kato, SawaoSawao Kato
 Japan
Gymnastics
1968–1976
Summer
M
8
3
1
12

Thompson, JennyJenny Thompson
 United States
Swimming
1992–2004
Summer
F
8
3
1
12

12
Biondi, MattMatt Biondi
 United States
Swimming
1984–1992
Summer
M
8
2
1
11

13
Bolt, UsainUsain Bolt
 Jamaica
Athletics
2008–2016
Summer
M
8
0
0
8

Ewry, RayRay Ewry
 United States
Athletics
1900–1908
Summer
M
8
0
0
8

15
Andrianov, NikolaiNikolai Andrianov
 Soviet Union
Gymnastics
1972–1980
Summer
M
7
5
3
15

16
Shakhlin, BorisBoris Shakhlin
 Soviet Union
Gymnastics
1956–1964
Summer
M
7
4
2
13

17
Čáslavská, VěraVěra Čáslavská
 Czechoslovakia
Gymnastics
1960–1968
Summer
F
7
4
0
11

18
Chukarin, ViktorViktor Chukarin
 Soviet Union
Gymnastics
1952–1956
Summer
M
7
3
1
11

19
Gerevich, AladárAladár Gerevich
 Hungary
Fencing
1932–1960
Summer
M
7
1
2
10

20
Mangiarotti, EdoardoEdoardo Mangiarotti
 Italy
Fencing
1936–1960
Summer
M
6
5
2
13

21
Werth, IsabellIsabell Werth
 Germany
Equestrian
1992–2016
Summer
F
6
4
0
10

22
Lochte, RyanRyan Lochte
 United States
Swimming
2004–2016
Summer
M
6
3
3
12

23
Felix, AllysonAllyson Felix
 United States
Athletics
2004–2016
Summer
F
6
3
0
9

Van Innis, HubertHubert Van Innis
 Belgium
Archery
1900–1920
Summer
M
6
3
0
9

Yegorova, LyubovLyubov Yegorova
 Unified Team
 Russia
Cross-country skiing
1992–1994
Winter
F
6
3
0
9

26
Nakayama, AkinoriAkinori Nakayama
 Japan
Gymnastics
1968–1972
Summer
M
6
2
2
10

27
Vezzali, ValentinaValentina Vezzali
 Italy
Fencing
1996–2012
Summer
F
6
1
2
9

28
Fredriksson, GertGert Fredriksson
 Sweden
Canoeing
1948–1960
Summer
M
6
1
1
8

29
Hoy, ChrisChris Hoy
 Great Britain
Cycling
2000–2012
Summer
M
6
1
0
7

Kenny, JasonJason Kenny
 Great Britain
Cycling
2008–2016
Summer
M
6
1
0
7

31
Scherbo, VitalyVitaly Scherbo
 Unified Team
 Belarus
Gymnastics
1992–1996
Summer
M
6
0
4
10

32
Ahn Hyun-Soo
Viktor Ahn
 South Korea
 Russia
Short track speed skating
2006–2014
Winter
M
6
0
2
8

Klimke, ReinerReiner Klimke
 United Team of Germany
 West Germany
Equestrian
1964–1988
Summer
M
6
0
2
8

34
Kovács, PálPál Kovács
 Hungary
Fencing
1936–1960
Summer
M
6
0
1
7

35
Kárpáti, RudolfRudolf Kárpáti
 Hungary
Fencing
1948–1960
Summer
M
6
0
0
6

Nadi, NedoNedo Nadi
 Italy
Fencing
1912–1920
Summer
M
6
0
0
6

Otto, KristinKristin Otto
 East Germany
Swimming
1988
Summer
F
6
0
0
6

Skoblikova, LidiaLidia Skoblikova
 Soviet Union
Speed skating
1960–1964
Winter
F
6
0
0
6

Van Dyken, AmyAmy Van Dyken
 United States
Swimming
1996–2000
Summer
F
6
0
0
6

40
Wüst, IreenIreen Wüst
 Netherlands
Speed skating
2006–2018
Winter
F
5
5
1
11

41
Ono, TakashiTakashi Ono
 Japan
Gymnastics
1952–1964
Summer
M
5
4
4
13

42
Osburn, CarlCarl Osburn
 United States
Shooting
1912–1924
Summer
M
5
4
2
11

43
Hall, Jr., GaryGary Hall, Jr.
 United States
Swimming
1996–2004
Summer
M
5
3
2
10

Keleti, ÁgnesÁgnes Keleti
 Hungary
Gymnastics
1952–1956
Summer
F
5
3
2
10

45
Comăneci, NadiaNadia Comăneci
 Romania
Gymnastics
1976–1980
Summer
F
5
3
1
9

Thorpe, IanIan Thorpe
 Australia
Swimming
2000–2004
Summer
M
5
3
1
9

47
Ritola, VilleVille Ritola
 Finland
Athletics
1924–1928
Summer
M
5
3
0
8

48
Astakhova, PolinaPolina Astakhova
 Soviet Union
Gymnastics
1956–1964
Summer
F
5
2
3
10

49
Pechstein, ClaudiaClaudia Pechstein
 Germany
Speed skating
1992–2006
Winter
F
5
2
2
9

50
Lipă, ElisabetaElisabeta Lipă
 Romania
Rowing
1984–2004
Summer
F
5
2
1
8

51
Endo, YukioYukio Endo
 Japan
Gymnastics
1960–1968
Summer
M
5
2
0
7

Fourcade, MartinMartin Fourcade
 France
Biathlon
2014–2018
Winter
M
5
2
0
7

Peirsol, AaronAaron Peirsol
 United States
Swimming
2000–2008
Summer
M
5
2
0
7

54
Tsukahara, MitsuoMitsuo Tsukahara
 Japan
Gymnastics
1968–1976
Summer
M
5
1
3
9

55
Adrian, NathanNathan Adrian
 United States
Swimming
2008–2016
Summer
M
5
1
2
8

Wiggins, BradleyBradley Wiggins
 Great Britain
Cycling
2000–2016
Summer
M
5
1
2
8

57
Egerszegi, KrisztinaKrisztina Egerszegi
 Hungary
Swimming
1988–1996
Summer
F
5
1
1
7

Jager, TomTom Jager
 United States
Swimming
1984–1992
Summer
M
5
1
1
7

Lazutina, LarisaLarisa Lazutina
 Unified Team
 Russia
Cross-country skiing
1992–1998
Winter
F
5
1
1
7

Lee, Willis A.Willis A. Lee
 United States
Shooting
1920
Summer
M
5
1
1
7

Thunberg, ClasClas Thunberg
 Finland
Speed skating
1924–1928
Winter
M
5
1
1
7

Vollmer, DanaDana Vollmer
 United States
Swimming
2004–2016
Summer
F
5
1
1
7

Winkler, Hans GünterHans Günter Winkler
 United Team of Germany
 West Germany
Equestrian
1956–1976
Summer
M
5
1
1
7

Wu Minxia
 China
Diving
2004–2016
Summer
F
5
1
1
7

65
Alsgaard, ThomasThomas Alsgaard
 Norway
Cross-country skiing
1994–2002
Winter
M
5
1
0
6

Heida, AntonAnton Heida
 United States
Gymnastics
1904
Summer
M
5
1
0
6

Kim, NellieNellie Kim
 Soviet Union
Gymnastics
1976–1980
Summer
F
5
1
0
6

Kozák, DanutaDanuta Kozák
 Hungary
Canoeing
2008–2016
Summer
F
5
1
0
6

Ledecky, KatieKatie Ledecky
 United States
Swimming
2012–2016
Summer
F
5
1
0
6

Lilloe-Olsen, OleOle Lilloe-Olsen
 Norway
Shooting
1920–1924
Summer
M
5
1
0
6

Schollander, DonDon Schollander
 United States
Swimming
1964–1968
Summer
M
5
1
0
6

72
Blair, BonnieBonnie Blair
 United States
Speed skating
1988–1994
Winter
F
5
0
1
6

Damian, GeorgetaGeorgeta Damian
 Romania
Rowing
2000–2008
Summer
F
5
0
1
6

Franklin, MissyMissy Franklin
 United States
Swimming
2012–2016
Summer
F
5
0
1
6

Lane, AlfredAlfred Lane
 United States
Shooting
1912–1920
Summer
M
5
0
1
6

Redgrave, SteveSteve Redgrave
 Great Britain
Rowing
1984–2000
Summer
M
5
0
1
6

Weissmuller, JohnnyJohnny Weissmuller
 United States
Swimming, Water polo
1924–1928
Summer
M
5
0
1
6

Zou Kai
 China
Gymnastics
2008–2012
Summer
M
5
0
1
6

79
Chen Ruolin
 China
Diving
2008–2016
Summer
F
5
0
0
5

Davydova, AnastasiaAnastasia Davydova
 Russia
Synchronized swimming
2004–2012
Summer
F
5
0
0
5

Fisher, MorrisMorris Fisher
 United States
Shooting
1920–1924
Summer
M
5
0
0
5

Heiden, EricEric Heiden
 United States
Speed skating
1980
Winter
M
5
0
0
5

Ishchenko, NataliaNatalia Ishchenko
 Russia
Synchronized swimming
2008–2016
Summer
F
5
0
0
5

Romashina, SvetlanaSvetlana Romashina
 Russia
Synchronized swimming
2008–2016
Summer
F
5
0
0
5

85
Smetanina, RaisaRaisa Smetanina
 Soviet Union
 Unified Team
Cross-country skiing
1976–1992
Winter
F
4
5
1
10

86
Popov, AlexanderAlexander Popov
 Unified Team
 Russia
Swimming
1992–2000
Summer
M
4
5
0
9

87
Torres, DaraDara Torres
 United States
Swimming
1984–2008
Summer
F
4
4
4
12

88
Ender, KorneliaKornelia Ender
 East Germany
Swimming
1972–1976
Summer
F
4
4
0
8

Fraser, DawnDawn Fraser
 Australia
Swimming
1956–1964
Summer
F
4
4
0
8

90
Jernberg, SixtenSixten Jernberg
 Sweden
Cross-country skiing
1956–1964
Winter
M
4
3
2
9

Tourischeva, LudmillaLudmilla Tourischeva
 Soviet Union
Gymnastics
1968–1976
Summer
F
4
3
2
9

92
Groß, RiccoRicco Groß
 Germany
Biathlon
1992–2006
Winter
M
4
3
1
8

Miez, GeorgesGeorges Miez
 Switzerland
Gymnastics
1924–1936
Summer
M
4
3
1
8

Olsen, OttoOtto Olsen
 Norway
Shooting
1920–1924
Summer
M
4
3
1
8

Svendsen, Emil HegleEmil Hegle Svendsen
 Norway
Biathlon
2010–2018
Winter
M
4
3
1
8

96
Patzaichin, IvanIvan Patzaichin
 Romania
Canoeing
1968–1984
Summer
M
4
3
0
7

97
Nemov, AlexeiAlexei Nemov
 Russia
Gymnastics
1996–2000
Summer
M
4
2
6
12

98
Kramer, SvenSven Kramer
 Netherlands
Speed skating
2006–2018
Winter
M
4
2
3
9

99
Aamodt, Kjetil AndréKjetil André Aamodt
 Norway
Alpine skiing
1992–2006
Winter
M
4
2
2
8

de Bruijn, IngeInge de Bruijn
 Netherlands
Swimming
2000–2004
Summer
F
4
2
2
8

Fischer, SvenSven Fischer
 Germany
Biathlon
1994–2006
Winter
M
4
2
2
8

Kulakova, GalinaGalina Kulakova
 Soviet Union
Cross-country skiing
1972–1980
Winter
F
4
2
2
8

Lezak, JasonJason Lezak
 United States
Swimming
2000–2012
Summer
M
4
2
2
8

Matthes, RolandRoland Matthes
 East Germany
Swimming
1968–1976
Summer
M
4
2
2
8

Schmitt, AllisonAllison Schmitt
 United States
Swimming
2008–2016
Summer
F
4
2
2
8

106
Ballangrud, IvarIvar Ballangrud
 Norway
Speed skating
1928–1936
Winter
M
4
2
1
7

Liberg, EinarEinar Liberg
 Norway
Shooting
1908–1924
Summer
M
4
2
1
7

108
Delfino, GiuseppeGiuseppe Delfino
 Italy
Fencing
1952–1964
Summer
M
4
2
0
6

d'Oriola, ChristianChristian d'Oriola
 France
Fencing
1948–1956
Summer
M
4
2
0
6

Gaudin, LucienLucien Gaudin
 France
Fencing
1920–1928
Summer
M
4
2
0
6

Grevers, MattMatt Grevers
 United States
Swimming
2008–2012
Summer
M
4
2
0
6

Guo Jingjing
 China
Diving
2000–2008
Summer
F
4
2
0
6

Jong-oh, JinJin Jong-oh
 South Korea
Shooting
2004–2016
Summer
M
4
2
0
6

Korbut, OlgaOlga Korbut
 Soviet Union
Gymnastics
1972–1976
Summer
F
4
2
0
6

Kostelić, JanicaJanica Kostelić
 Croatia
Alpine skiing
2002–2006
Winter
F
4
2
0
6

Kuske, KevinKevin Kuske
 Germany
Bobsleigh
2002–2018
Winter
M
4
2
0
6

117
Trillini, GiovannaGiovanna Trillini
 Italy
Fencing
1992–2008
Summer
F
4
1
3
8

118
Daniels, CharlesCharles Daniels
 United States
Swimming
1904–1908
Summer
M
4
1
2
7

Kitajima, KosukeKosuke Kitajima
 Japan
Swimming
2004–2012
Summer
M
4
1
2
7

Spooner, LloydLloyd Spooner
 United States
Shooting
1920
Summer
M
4
1
2
7

Trickett, LibbyLibby Trickett
 Australia
Swimming
2004–2012
Summer
F
4
1
2
7

122
Domracheva, DaryaDarya Domracheva
 Belarus
Biathlon
2010–2018
Winter
F
4
1
1
6

Ignat, DoinaDoina Ignat
 Romania
Rowing
1992–2008
Summer
F
4
1
1
6

Kim Soo-Nyung
 South Korea
Archery
1988–2000
Summer
F
4
1
1
6

Novikova-Belova, ElenaElena Novikova-Belova
 Soviet Union
Fencing
1968–1976
Summer
F
4
1
1
6

Rose, MurrayMurray Rose
 Australia
Swimming
1956–1960
Summer
M
4
1
1
6

Sidyak, ViktorViktor Sidyak
 Soviet Union
Fencing
1968–1980
Summer
M
4
1
1
6

Svan, GundeGunde Svan
 Sweden
Cross-country skiing
1984–1988
Winter
M
4
1
1
6

van Moorsel, LeontienLeontien van Moorsel
 Netherlands
Cycling
2000–2004
Summer
F
4
1
1
6

Wagner-Augustin, KatrinKatrin Wagner-Augustin
 Germany
Canoeing
2000–2012
Summer
F
4
1
1
6

Wang Meng
 China
Short track speed skating
2006–2010
Winter
F
4
1
1
6

132
Ainslie, BenBen Ainslie
 Great Britain
Sailing
1996–2012
Summer
M
4
1
0
5

Artemov, VladimirVladimir Artemov
 Soviet Union
Gymnastics
1988
Summer
M
4
1
0
5

Ashford, EvelynEvelyn Ashford
 United States
Athletics
1984–1992
Summer
F
4
1
0
5

Evans, JanetJanet Evans
 United States
Swimming
1988–1992
Summer
F
4
1
0
5

Ferguson, IanIan Ferguson
 New Zealand
Canoeing
1984–1988
Summer
M
4
1
0
5

Fonst, RamónRamón Fonst
 Cuba
Fencing
1900–1904
Summer
M
4
1
0
5

Fu Mingxia
 China
Diving
1992–2000
Summer
F
4
1
0
5

Grishin, YevgenyYevgeny Grishin
 Soviet Union
Speed skating
1956–1964
Winter
M
4
1
0
5

Hefford, JaynaJayna Hefford
 Canada
Ice hockey
1998–2014
Winter
F
4
1
0
5

Klochkova, YanaYana Klochkova
 Ukraine
Swimming
2000–2004
Summer
F
4
1
0
5

Kolehmainen, HannesHannes Kolehmainen
 Finland
Athletics
1912–1920
Summer
M
4
1
0
5

Koss, Johann OlavJohann Olav Koss
 Norway
Speed skating
1992–1994
Winter
M
4
1
0
5

Lange, AndréAndré Lange
 Germany
Bobsleigh
2002–2010
Winter
M
4
1
0
5

Louganis, GregGreg Louganis
 United States
Diving
1976–1988
Summer
M
4
1
0
5

Muratov, ValentinValentin Muratov
 Soviet Union
Gymnastics
1952–1956
Summer
M
4
1
0
5

Naber, JohnJohn Naber
 United States
Swimming
1976
Summer
M
4
1
0
5

Nykänen, MattiMatti Nykänen
 Finland
Ski jumping
1984–1988
Winter
M
4
1
0
5

Pahud de Mortanges, CharlesCharles Pahud de Mortanges
 Netherlands
Equestrian
1924–1936
Summer
M
4
1
0
5

Sheppard, MelMel Sheppard
 United States
Athletics
1908–1912
Summer
M
4
1
0
5

Szabo, EcaterinaEcaterina Szabo
 Romania
Gymnastics
1984
Summer
F
4
1
0
5

Tikhonov, AlexanderAlexander Tikhonov
 Soviet Union
Biathlon
1968–1980
Winter
M
4
1
0
5

Wang Nan
 China
Table tennis
2000–2008
Summer
F
4
1
0
5

Wickenheiser, HayleyHayley Wickenheiser
 Canada
Ice hockey
1998–2014
Winter
F
4
1
0
5

Williams, VenusVenus Williams
 United States
Tennis
2000–2016
Summer
F
4
1
0
5

Zátopek, EmilEmil Zátopek
 Czechoslovakia
Athletics
1948–1952
Summer
M
4
1
0
5

Zimyatov, NikolayNikolay Zimyatov
 Soviet Union
Cross-country skiing
1980–1984
Winter
M
4
1
0
5

158
Kulcsár, GyőzőGyőző Kulcsár
 Hungary
Fencing
1964–1976
Summer
M
4
0
2
6

159
Beerbaum, LudgerLudger Beerbaum
 West Germany
 Germany
Equestrian
1988–2016
Summer
M
4
0
1
5

Biles, SimoneSimone Biles
 United States
Gymnastics
2016
Summer
F
4
0
1
5

Boron, KathrinKathrin Boron
 Germany
Rowing
1992–2008
Summer
F
4
0
1
5

Chun Lee-Kyung
 South Korea
Short track speed skating
1994–1998
Winter
F
4
0
1
5

Edwards, TeresaTeresa Edwards
 United States
Basketball
1984–2000
Summer
F
4
0
1
5

Geisenberger, NatalieNatalie Geisenberger
 Germany
Luge
2010–2018
Winter
F
4
0
1
5

Hurley, MarcusMarcus Hurley
 United States
Cycling
1904
Summer
M
4
0
1
5

Li Xiaopeng
 China
Gymnastics
2000–2008
Summer
M
4
0
1
5

Olsen, JonJon Olsen
 United States
Swimming
1992–1996
Summer
M
4
0
1
5

Pozdnyakov, StanislavStanislav Pozdnyakov
 Unified Team
 Russia
Fencing
1992–2004
Summer
M
4
0
1
5

Richards-Ross, SanyaSanya Richards-Ross
 United States
Athletics
2004–2012
Summer
F
4
0
1
5

Susanu, VioricaViorica Susanu
 Romania
Rowing
2000–2008
Summer
F
4
0
1
5

Zampori, GiorgioGiorgio Zampori
 Italy
Gymnastics
1912–1924
Summer
M
4
0
1
5

172
Ammann, SimonSimon Ammann
 Switzerland
Ski jumping
2002–2010
Winter
M
4
0
0
4

Arlt, TobiasTobias Arlt
 Germany
Luge
2014–2018
Winter
M
4
0
0
4

Bird, SueSue Bird
 United States
Basketball
2004–2016
Summer
F
4
0
0
4

Blankers-Koen, FannyFanny Blankers-Koen
 Netherlands
Athletics
1948
Summer
F
4
0
0
4

Catchings, TamikaTamika Catchings
 United States
Basketball
2004–2016
Summer
F
4
0
0
4

Cologna, DarioDario Cologna
 Switzerland
Cross-country skiing
2010–2018
Winter
M
4
0
0
4

Cuthbert, BettyBetty Cuthbert
 Australia
Athletics
1956–1964
Summer
F
4
0
0
4

Darnyi, TamásTamás Darnyi
 Hungary
Swimming
1988–1992
Summer
M
4
0
0
4

Deng Yaping
 China
Table tennis
1992–1996
Summer
F
4
0
0
4

Dillard, HarrisonHarrison Dillard
 United States
Athletics
1948–1952
Summer
M
4
0
0
4

Elvstrøm, Paul BertPaul Bert Elvstrøm
 Denmark
Sailing
1948–1960
Summer
M
4
0
0
4

Ermakova, AnastasiaAnastasia Ermakova
 Russia
Synchronized swimming
2004–2008
Summer
F
4
0
0
4

Farah, MohamedMohamed Farah
 Great Britain
Athletics
2012–2016
Summer
M
4
0
0
4

Fuchs, JenőJenő Fuchs
 Hungary
Fencing
1908–1912
Summer
M
4
0
0
4

Icho, KaoriKaori Icho
 Japan
Wrestling
2004–2016
Summer
F
4
0
0
4

Johnson, MichaelMichael Johnson
 United States
Athletics
1992–2000
Summer
M
4
0
0
4

Korzeniowski, RobertRobert Korzeniowski
 Poland
Athletics
1996–2004
Summer
M
4
0
0
4

Kraenzlein, AlvinAlvin Kraenzlein
 United States
Athletics
1900
Summer
M
4
0
0
4

Krayzelburg, LennyLenny Krayzelburg
 United States
Swimming
2000–2004
Summer
M
4
0
0
4

Krovopuskov, ViktorViktor Krovopuskov
 Soviet Union
Fencing
1976–1980
Summer
M
4
0
0
4

Leslie, LisaLisa Leslie
 United States
Basketball
1996–2008
Summer
F
4
0
0
4

McCormick, PatPat McCormick
 United States
Diving
1952–1956
Summer
F
4
0
0
4

Oerter, AlAl Oerter
 United States
Athletics
1956–1968
Summer
M
4
0
0
4

Ouellette, CarolineCaroline Ouellette
 Canada
Ice hockey
2002–2014
Winter
F
4
0
0
4

Owens, JesseJesse Owens
 United States
Athletics
1936
Summer
M
4
0
0
4

Pavesi, CarloCarlo Pavesi
 Italy
Fencing
1952–1960
Summer
M
4
0
0
4

Pinsent, MatthewMatthew Pinsent
 Great Britain
Rowing
1992–2004
Summer
M
4
0
0
4

Radmilovic, PauloPaulo Radmilovic
 Great Britain
Water polo, Swimming
1908–1920
Summer
M
4
0
0
4

Saint Cyr, HenriHenri Saint Cyr
 Sweden
Equestrian
1952–1956
Summer
M
4
0
0
4

Salnikov, VladimirVladimir Salnikov
 Soviet Union
Swimming
1980–1988
Summer
M
4
0
0
4

Schuhmann, CarlCarl Schuhmann
 Germany
Gymnastics, Wrestling
1896
Summer
M
4
0
0
4

Taurasi, DianaDiana Taurasi
 United States
Basketball
2004–2016
Summer
F
4
0
0
4

Trott, LauraLaura Trott
 Great Britain
Cycling
2012–2016
Summer
F
4
0
0
4

Uphoff, NicoleNicole Uphoff
 West Germany
 Germany
Equestrian
1988–1992
Summer
F
4
0
0
4

Virén, LasseLasse Virén
 Finland
Athletics
1972–1976
Summer
M
4
0
0
4

Wassberg, ThomasThomas Wassberg
 Sweden
Cross-country skiing
1980–1988
Winter
M
4
0
0
4

Wendl, TobiasTobias Wendl
 Germany
Luge
2014–2018
Winter
M
4
0
0
4

Williams, SerenaSerena Williams
 United States
Tennis
2000–2012
Summer
F
4
0
0
4

Wöckel, BärbelBärbel Wöckel
 East Germany
Athletics
1976–1980
Summer
F
4
0
0
4

Yining, ZhangZhang Yining
 China
Table tennis
2004–2008
Summer
F
4
0
0
4

text: Timeline[edit]

text: This is a progressive list of Olympians that have held the record for most titles won. It includes titles won in 1896 and 1900, before gold medals were awarded for first place. All record-holders have competed at Summer Games rather than Winter Games.

text:
Gold medals
Date
Athlete
Nation
Sport
Record gold-medal event
Earlier gold-medal events
Gender

1[1]
1896-04-06
James Connolly
 United States
Athletics
Triple jump
—
M

Robert Garrett
 United States
Athletics
Discus
M

1896-04-07
Ellery Clark
 United States
Athletics
Long jump
M

Thomas Burke
 United States
Athletics
400 metres
M

2[1]
Robert Garrett
 United States
Athletics
Shot put
see above
M

1896-04-09
Edwin Flack
 Australia
Athletics
800 metres
1896 - 1
M

Fritz Hofmann, Konrad Böcker, Alfred Flatow, Gustav Flatow, Georg Hilmar, Fritz Manteuffel, Karl Neukirch, Richard Röstel, Gustav Schuft, Carl Schuhmann, Hermann Weingärtner
 Germany
Gymnastics
Team horizontal bar
1896 - 1
M

3[1]
Carl Schuhmann
 Germany
Gymnastics
Vault
see previous
M

Hermann Weingärtner
 Germany
Gymnastics
Horizontal bar
see above
M

1896-04-10
Alfred Flatow
 Germany
Gymnastics
Parallel bars
see above
M

4
1896-04-11[1]
Carl Schuhmann
 Germany
Wrestling
Greco-Roman
see above
M

1900-07-16
Alvin Kraenzlein
 United States
Athletics
200 metre hurdles
1900 - 1, 2, 3
M

1904-08-05
Marcus Hurley
 United States
Cycling
1 mile
1904 - 1, 2, 3
M

1904-08-29
Ray Ewry
 United States
Athletics
Standing long jump
1900 - 1, 2, 3
M

5
1904-08-31
Standing high jump

6
1904-09-03
Standing triple jump

7
1908-07-20
Athletics
Standing long jump

8
1908-07-23
Standing high jump

1924-07-13
Paavo Nurmi
 Finland
Athletics
Team cross-country
1920 - 1, 2, 3
1924 - 4, 5, 6, 7
M

9
1928-07-29
Athletics
10000 metres

1964-10-23
Larisa Latynina
 Soviet Union
Gymnastics
Floor exercise
1956 - 1, 2, 3, 4
1960 - 5, 6, 7
1964 - 8
F

1972-09-04
Mark Spitz
 United States
Swimming
4 × 100 metre medley relay
1968 - 1, 2
1972 - 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8
M

1996-07-29
Carl Lewis
 United States
Athletics
Long jump
1984 - 1, 2, 3, 4
1988 - 5, 6
1992 - 7, 8
M

2008-08-12
Michael Phelps
 United States
Swimming
200 metre freestyle
2004 - 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6
2008 - 7, 8
M

10
2008-08-13
200 metre butterfly

11
4 × 200 metre freestyle relay

12
2008-08-15
200 metre individual medley

13
2008-08-16
100 metre butterfly

14
2008-08-17
4 × 100 metre medley relay

15
2012-07-31
Swimming
4 × 200 metre freestyle relay

16
2012-08-02
200 metre individual medley

17
2012-08-03
100 metre butterfly

18
2012-08-04
4 × 100 metre medley relay

19
2016-08-07
Swimming
4 × 100 metre freestyle relay

20
2016-08-09
200 metre butterfly

21
4 × 200 metre freestyle relay

22
2016-08-11
200 metre individual medley

23
2016-08-13
4 × 100 metre medley relay

text: List of most career gold medals in individual events[edit]

text: This list currently includes all Olympians with three or more gold medals won as individuals (not as part of a team of two or more).

text:
No.
Athlete
Nation
Sport
Years
Games
Gender
Gold
Silver
Bronze
Total

1
Phelps, MichaelMichael Phelps
 United States
Swimming
2004–2016
Summer
M
13
2
1
16

2
Ewry, RayRay Ewry
 United States
Athletics
1900–1908
Summer
M
8
0
0
8

3
Čáslavská, VěraVěra Čáslavská
 Czechoslovakia
Gymnastics
1964–1968
Summer
F
7
1
0
8

Lewis, CarlCarl Lewis
 United States
Athletics
1984–1996
Summer
M
7
1
0
8

5
Latynina, LarisaLarisa Latynina
 Soviet Union
Gymnastics
1956–1964
Summer
F
6
5
3
14

6
Andrianov, NikolaiNikolai Andrianov
 Soviet Union
Gymnastics
1972–1980
Summer
M
6
3
3
12

7
Dæhlie, BjørnBjørn Dæhlie
 Norway
Cross-country skiing
1992–1998
Winter
M
6
3
0
9

Nurmi, PaavoPaavo Nurmi
 Finland
Athletics
1920–1928
Summer
M
6
3
0
9

9
Shakhlin, BorisBoris Shakhlin
 Soviet Union
Gymnastics
1956–1964
Summer
M
6
2
2
10

10
Bolt, UsainUsain Bolt
 Jamaica
Athletics
2008–2016
Summer
M
6
0
0
6

Skoblikova, LidiaLidia Skoblikova
 Soviet Union
Speed skating
1960–1964
Winter
F
6
0
0
6

12
Bjørgen, MaritMarit Bjørgen
 Norway
Cross-country skiing
2002–2018
Winter
F
5
3
2
10

13
Bjørndalen, Ole EinarOle Einar Bjørndalen
 Norway
Biathlon
1998–2014
Winter
M
5
3
1
9

Chukarin, ViktorViktor Chukarin
 Soviet Union
Gymnastics
1952–1956
Summer
M
5
3
1
9

Kato, SawaoSawao Kato
 Japan
Gymnastics
1968–1976
Summer
M
5
3
1
9

16
Comăneci, NadiaNadia Comăneci
 Romania
Gymnastics
1976–1980
Summer
F
5
1
1
7

Egerszegi, KrisztinaKrisztina Egerszegi
 Hungary
Swimming
1988–1996
Summer
F
5
1
1
7

Fredriksson, GertGert Fredriksson
 Sweden
Canoeing
1948–1960
Summer
M
5
1
1
7

Thunberg, ClasClas Thunberg
 Finland
Speed skating
1924–1928
Winter
M
5
1
1
7

20
Scherbo, VitalyVitaly Scherbo
 Unified Team
 Belarus
Gymnastics
1992–1996
Summer
M
5
0
4
9

21
Blair, BonnieBonnie Blair
 United States
Speed skating
1988–1994
Winter
F
5
0
1
6

22
Heiden, EricEric Heiden
 United States
Speed skating
1980
Winter
M
5
0
0
5

23
Wüst, IreenIreen Wüst
 Netherlands
Speed skating
2006–2018
Winter
F
4
4
1
9

24
Yegorova, LyubovLyubov Yegorova
 Unified Team
 Russia
Cross-country skiing
1992–1994
Winter
F
4
3
0
7

25
Aamodt, Kjetil AndréKjetil André Aamodt
 Norway
Alpine skiing
1992–2006
Winter
M
4
2
2
8

Nakayama, AkinoriAkinori Nakayama
 Japan
Gymnastics
1968–1972
Summer
M
4
2
2
8

Pechstein, ClaudiaClaudia Pechstein
 Germany
Speed skating
1992–2006
Winter
F
4
2
2
8

28
Ballangrud, IvarIvar Ballangrud
 Norway
Speed skating
1928–1936
Winter
M
4
2
1
7

29
Fourcade, MartinMartin Fourcade
 France
Biathlon
2010–2018
Winter
M
4
2
0
6

Jin Jong-oh
 South Korea
Shooting
2004–2016
Summer
M
4
2
0
6

Kostelić, JanicaJanica Kostelić
 Croatia
Alpine skiing
2002–2006
Winter
F
4
2
0
6

Van Innis, HubertHubert Van Innis
 Belgium
Archery
1900–1920
Summer
M
4
2
0
6

33
de Bruijn, IngeInge de Bruijn
 Netherlands
Swimming
2000–2004
Summer
F
4
1
1
6

Keleti, ÁgnesÁgnes Keleti
 Hungary
Gymnastics
1952–1956
Summer
F
4
1
1
6

Spitz, MarkMark Spitz
 United States
Swimming
1968–1972
Summer
M
4
1
1
6

van Moorsel, LeontienLeontien van Moorsel
 Netherlands
Cycling
2000–2004
Summer
F
4
1
1
6

37
Ainslie, BenBen Ainslie
 Great Britain
Sailing
1996–2012
Summer
M
4
1
0
5

Evans, JanetJanet Evans
 United States
Swimming
1988–1992
Summer
F
4
1
0
5

Grishin, YevgenyYevgeny Grishin
 Soviet Union
Speed skating
1956–1964
Winter
M
4
1
0
5

Heida, AntonAnton Heida
 United States
Gymnastics
1904
Summer
M
4
1
0
5

Klochkova, YanaYana Klochkova
 Ukraine
Swimming
2000–2004
Summer
F
4
1
0
5

Koss, Johann OlavJohann Olav Koss
 Norway
Speed skating
1992–1994
Winter
M
4
1
0
5

Louganis, GregGreg Louganis
 United States
Diving
1976–1988
Summer
M
4
1
0
5

Popov, AlexanderAlexander Popov
 Unified Team
 Russia
Swimming
1992–2000
Summer
M
4
1
0
5

Zátopek, EmilEmil Zátopek
 Czechoslovakia
Athletics
1948–1952
Summer
M
4
1
0
5

46
Ahn Hyun-Soo
Viktor Ahn
 South Korea
 Russia
Short track speed skating
2006–2014
Winter
M
4
0
2
6

47
Hurley, MarcusMarcus Hurley
 United States
Cycling
1904
Summer
M
4
0
1
5

Matthes, RolandRoland Matthes
 East Germany
Swimming
1968–1976
Summer
M
4
0
1
5

49
Ammann, SimonSimon Ammann
 Switzerland
Ski jumping
2002–2010
Winter
M
4
0
0
4

Cologna, DarioDario Cologna
 Switzerland
Cross-country skiing
2010–2018
Winter
M
4
0
0
4

Darnyi, TamásTamás Darnyi
 Hungary
Swimming
1988–1992
Summer
M
4
0
0
4

Elvstrøm, Paul BertPaul Bert Elvstrøm
 Denmark
Sailing
1948–1960
Summer
M
4
0
0
4

Farah, MohamedMohamed Farah
 Great Britain
Athletics
2012–2016
Summer
M
4
0
0
4

Fu Mingxia
 China
Diving
1992–2000
Summer
F
4
0
0
4

Hoy, ChrisChris Hoy
 Great Britain
Cycling
2004–2012
Summer
M
4
0
0
4

Icho, KaoriKaori Icho
 Japan
Wrestling
2004–2016
Summer
F
4
0
0
4

Kitajima, KosukeKosuke Kitajima
 Japan
Swimming
2004–2008
Summer
M
4
0
0
4

Kolehmainen, HannesHannes Kolehmainen
 Finland
Athletics
1912–1920
Summer
M
4
0
0
4

Korzeniowski, RobertRobert Korzeniowski
 Poland
Athletics
1996–2004
Summer
M
4
0
0
4

Kraenzlein, AlvinAlvin Kraenzlein
 United States
Athletics
1900
Summer
M
4
0
0
4

Ledecky, KatieKatie Ledecky
 United States
Swimming
2012–2016
Summer
F
4
0
0
4

McCormick, PatPat McCormick
 United States
Diving
1952–1956
Summer
F
4
0
0
4

Oerter, AlAl Oerter
 United States
Athletics
1956–1968
Summer
M
4
0
0
4

Otto, KristinKristin Otto
 East Germany
Swimming
1988
Summer
F
4
0
0
4

Virén, LasseLasse Virén
 Finland
Athletics
1972–1976
Summer
M
4
0
0
4

66
Enke, KarinKarin Enke
 East Germany
Speed skating
1980–1988
Winter
F
3
4
1
8

Niemann-Stirnemann, GundaGunda Niemann-Stirnemann
 Germany
Speed skating
1992–1998
Winter
F
3
4
1
8

68
Ono, TakashiTakashi Ono
 Japan
Gymnastics
1952–1960
Summer
M
3
3
4
10

69
Jernberg, SixtenSixten Jernberg
 Sweden
Cross-country skiing
1956–1964
Winter
M
3
3
1
7

70
Kuzmina, AnastasiyaAnastasiya Kuzmina
 Slovakia
Biathlon
2010–2018
Winter
F
3
3
0
6

Ritola, VilleVille Ritola
 Finland
Athletics
1924–1928
Summer
M
3
3
0
6

72
Nemov, AlexeiAlexei Nemov
 Russia
Gymnastics
1996–2000
Summer
M
3
2
5
10

73
Eyser, GeorgeGeorge Eyser
 United States
Gymnastics
1904
Summer
M
3
2
1
6

Holmann, KnutKnut Holmann
 Norway
Canoeing
1992–2000
Summer
M
3
2
1
6

Rose, RalphRalph Rose
 United States
Athletics
1904–1912
Summer
M
3
2
1
6

Sáblíková, MartinaMartina Sáblíková
 Czech Republic
Speed skating
2010–2018
Winter
F
3
2
1
6

77
Dibiasi, KlausKlaus Dibiasi
 Italy
Diving
1964–1976
Summer
M
3
2
0
5

Hackl, GeorgGeorg Hackl
 West Germany
 Germany
Luge
1988–2002
Winter
M
3
2
0
5

Kramer, SvenSven Kramer
 Netherlands
Speed skating
2006–2018
Winter
M
3
2
0
5

Miez, GeorgesGeorges Miez
 Switzerland
Gymnastics
1928–1936
Summer
M
3
2
0
5

Peirsol, AaronAaron Peirsol
 United States
Swimming
2000–2008
Summer
M
3
2
0
5

Schumann, RalfRalf Schumann
 East Germany
 Germany
Shooting
1988–2008
Summer
M
3
2
0
5

Yang, SunSun Yang
 China
Swimming
2012–2016
Summer
M
3
2
0
5

Tomba, AlbertoAlberto Tomba
 Italy
Alpine skiing
1988–1994
Winter
M
3
2
0
5

85
Grøttumsbråten, JohanJohan Grøttumsbråten
 Norway
Nordic combined, Cross-country skiing
1924–1932
Winter
M
3
1
2
6

Joyner-Kersee, JackieJackie Joyner-Kersee
 United States
Athletics
1984–1996
Summer
F
3
1
2
6

Rhode, KimKim Rhode
 United States
Shooting
1996–2016
Summer
F
3
1
2
6

88
Daniels, CharlesCharles Daniels
 United States
Swimming
1904–1908
Summer
M
3
1
1
5

Domracheva, DaryaDarya Domracheva
 Belarus
Biathlon
2010–2018
Winter
F
3
1
1
5

Gould, ShaneShane Gould
 Australia
Swimming
1972
Summer
F
3
1
1
5

Li Ning
 China
Gymnastics
1984
Summer
M
3
1
1
5

Schneider, VreniVreni Schneider
 Switzerland
Alpine skiing
1988–1994
Winter
F
3
1
1
5

Silivaş, DanielaDaniela Silivaş
 Romania
Gymnastics
1988
Summer
F
3
1
1
5

Štukelj, LeonLeon Štukelj
 Yugoslavia
Gymnastics
1924–1936
Summer
M
3
1
1
5

Thorpe, IanIan Thorpe
 Australia
Swimming
2000–2004
Summer
M
3
1
1
5

van den Hoogenband, PieterPieter van den Hoogenband
 Netherlands
Swimming
2000–2004
Summer
M
3
1
1
5

Vezzali, ValentinaValentina Vezzali
 Italy
Fencing
1996–2012
Summer
F
3
1
1
5

Wang Meng
 China
Short track speed skating
2006–2010
Winter
F
3
1
1
5

99
Artemov, VladimirVladimir Artemov
 Soviet Union
Gymnastics
1988
Summer
M
3
1
0
4

Bekele, KenenisaKenenisa Bekele
 Ethiopia
Athletics
2004–2008
Summer
M
3
1
0
4

Campriani, NiccolòNiccolò Campriani
 Italy
Shooting
2012–2016
Summer
M
3
1
0
4

Compagnoni, DeborahDeborah Compagnoni
 Italy
Alpine skiing
1992–1998
Winter
F
3
1
0
4

Ender, KorneliaKornelia Ender
 East Germany
Swimming
1972–1976
Summer
F
3
1
0
4

Flanagan, JohnJohn Flanagan
 United States
Athletics
1900–1908
Summer
M
3
1
0
4

Fonst, RamónRamón Fonst
 Cuba
Fencing
1900–1904
Summer
M
3
1
0
4

Fraser, DawnDawn Fraser
 Australia
Swimming
1956–1964
Summer
F
3
1
0
4

Grafström, GillisGillis Grafström
 Sweden
Figure skating
1920–1932
Both
M
3
1
0
4

Groß, MichaelMichael Groß
 West Germany
Swimming
1984–1988
Summer
M
3
1
0
4

Gustafson, TomasTomas Gustafson
 Sweden
Speed skating
1984–1988
Winter
M
3
1
0
4

Hillman, HarryHarry Hillman
 United States
Athletics
1904–1908
Summer
M
3
1
0
4

Höfl-Riesch, MariaMaria Höfl-Riesch
 Germany
Alpine skiing
2010–2014
Winter
F
3
1
0
4

Hosszú, KatinkaKatinka Hosszú
 Hungary
Swimming
2016
Summer
F
3
1
0
4

Karelin, AlexanderAlexander Karelin
 Soviet Union
 Unified Team
 Russia
Wrestling
1988–2000
Summer
M
3
1
0
4

Kenny, JasonJason Kenny
 Great Britain
Cycling
2008–2016
Summer
M
3
1
0
4

Kim, NellieNellie Kim
 Soviet Union
Gymnastics
1976–1980
Summer
F
3
1
0
4

Krämer, IngridIngrid Krämer
 United Team of Germany
Diving
1960–1964
Summer
F
3
1
0
4

Nykänen, MattiMatti Nykänen
 Finland
Ski jumping
1984–1988
Winter
M
3
1
0
4

Press, TamaraTamara Press
 Soviet Union
Athletics
1960–1964
Summer
F
3
1
0
4

Prinstein, MyerMyer Prinstein
 United States
Athletics
1900–1904
Summer
M
3
1
0
4

Rose, MurrayMurray Rose
 Australia
Swimming
1956–1960
Summer
M
3
1
0
4

Saneyev, ViktorViktor Saneyev
 Soviet Union
Athletics
1968–1980
Summer
M
3
1
0
4

Schenk, ArdArd Schenk
 Netherlands
Speed skating
1968–1972
Winter
M
3
1
0
4

Szabo, EcaterinaEcaterina Szabo
 Romania
Gymnastics
1984
Summer
F
3
1
0
4

van Grunsven, AnkyAnky van Grunsven
 Netherlands
Equestrian
1996–2008
Summer
F
3
1
0
4

Yoshida, SaoriSaori Yoshida
 Japan
Wrestling
2004–2016
Summer
F
3
1
0
4

Zelezny, JanJan Železný
 Czechoslovakia
 Czech Republic
Athletics
1988–2000
Summer
M
3
1
0
4

127
Dibaba, TiruneshTirunesh Dibaba
 Ethiopia
Athletics
2004–2016
Summer
F
3
0
3
6

128
Kirvesniemi, Marja-LiisaMarja-Liisa Kirvesniemi
 Finland
Cross-country skiing
1984–1994
Winter
F
3
0
2
5

Seizinger, KatjaKatja Seizinger
 Germany
Alpine skiing
1992–1998
Winter
F
3
0
2
5

130
Biles, SimoneSimone Biles
 United States
Gymnastics
2016
Summer
F
3
0
1
4

Dimas, PyrrosPyrros Dimas
 Greece
Weightlifting
1992–2004
Summer
M
3
0
1
4

Frigerio, UgoUgo Frigerio
 Italy
Athletics
1920–1932
Summer
M
3
0
1
4

Sheridan, MartinMartin Sheridan
 United States
Athletics
1904–1908
Summer
M
3
0
1
4

Smith, MichelleMichelle Smith
 Ireland
Swimming
1996
Summer
F
3
0
1
4

Zou Kai
 China
Gymnastics
2008–2012
Summer
M
3
0
1
4

136
Alsgaard, ThomasThomas Alsgaard
 Norway
Cross-country skiing
1994–2002
Winter
M
3
0
0
3

Andersen, HjalmarHjalmar Andersen
 Norway
Speed skating
1952
Winter
M
3
0
0
3

Armstrong, KristinKristin Armstrong
 United States
Cycling
2008–2016
Summer
F
3
0
0
3

Ballanger, FéliciaFélicia Ballanger
 France
Cycling
1996–2000
Summer
F
3
0
0
3

Bennett, BrookeBrooke Bennett
 United States
Swimming
1996–2000
Summer
F
3
0
0
3

Blankers-Koen, FannyFanny Blankers-Koen
 Netherlands
Athletics
1948
Summer
F
3
0
0
3

Burton, MikeMike Burton
 United States
Swimming
1968–1972
Summer
M
3
0
0
3

Cuthbert, BettyBetty Cuthbert
 Australia
Athletics
1956–1964
Summer
F
3
0
0
3

Estanguet, TonyTony Estanguet
 France
Canoeing
2000–2012
Summer
M
3
0
0
3

Hahn, ArchieArchie Hahn
 United States
Athletics
1904
Summer
M
3
0
0
3

Haug, ThorleifThorleif Haug
 Norway
Cross-country skiing
1924
Winter
M
3
0
0
3

Henie, SonjaSonja Henie
 Norway
Figure skating
1928–1936
Winter
F
3
0
0
3

Houser, BudBud Houser
 United States
Athletics
1924–1928
Summer
M
3
0
0
3

Ivanov, VyacheslavVyacheslav Ivanov
 Soviet Union
Rowing
1956–1964
Summer
M
3
0
0
3

Johansson, IvarIvar Johansson
 Sweden
Wrestling
1932–1936
Summer
M
3
0
0
3

Johnson, MichaelMichael Johnson
 United States
Athletics
1992–2000
Summer
M
3
0
0
3

Kakhiashvili, KakhiKakhi Kakhiashvili
Kakiasvilis, AkakiosAkakios Kakiasvilis
 Unified Team
 Greece
Weightlifting
1992–2000
Summer
M
3
0
0
3

Karppinen, PerttiPertti Karppinen
 Finland
Rowing
1976–1984
Summer
M
3
0
0
3

Kazankina, TatyanaTatyana Kazankina
 Soviet Union
Athletics
1976–1980
Summer
F
3
0
0
3

Killy, Jean-ClaudeJean-Claude Killy
 France
Alpine skiing
1968
Winter
M
3
0
0
3

Lemming, EricEric Lemming
 Sweden
Athletics
1908–1912
Summer
M
3
0
0
3

Lightbody, JamesJames Lightbody
 United States
Athletics
1904
Summer
M
3
0
0
3

López, MijaínMijaín López
 Cuba
Wrestling
2008–2016
Summer
M
3
0
0
3

Masson, PaulPaul Masson
 France
Cycling
1896
Summer
M
3
0
0
3

Medved, AlexanderAlexander Medved
 Soviet Union
Wrestling
1964–1972
Summer
M
3
0
0
3

Meyer, DebbieDebbie Meyer
 United States
Swimming
1968
Summer
F
3
0
0
3

Mutlu, HalilHalil Mutlu
 Turkey
Weightlifting
1996–2004
Summer
M
3
0
0
3

Nadi, NedoNedo Nadi
 Italy
Fencing
1912–1920
Summer
M
3
0
0
3

Nomura, TadahiroTadahiro Nomura
 Japan
Judo
1996–2004
Summer
M
3
0
0
3

Owens, JesseJesse Owens
 United States
Athletics
1936
Summer
M
3
0
0
3

Papp, LászlóLászló Papp
 Hungary
Boxing
1948–1956
Summer
M
3
0
0
3

Pérec, Marie-JoséMarie-José Pérec
 France
Athletics
1992–1996
Summer
F
3
0
0
3

Sailer, ToniToni Sailer
 Austria
Alpine skiing
1956
Winter
M
3
0
0
3

Saitiev, BuvaisarBuvaisar Saitiev
 Russia
Wrestling
1996–2008
Summer
M
3
0
0
3

Salnikov, VladimirVladimir Salnikov
 Soviet Union
Swimming
1980–1988
Summer
M
3
0
0
3

Savón, FélixFélix Savón
 Cuba
Boxing
1992–2000
Summer
M
3
0
0
3

Snell, PeterPeter Snell
 New Zealand
Athletics
1960–1964
Summer
M
3
0
0
3

Stevenson, TeófiloTeófilo Stevenson
 Cuba
Boxing
1972–1980
Summer
M
3
0
0
3

Stoch, KamilKamil Stoch
 Poland
Ski jumping
2014–2018
Winter
M
3
0
0
3

Süleymanoğlu, NaimNaim Süleymanoğlu
 Turkey
Weightlifting
1988–1996
Summer
M
3
0
0
3

Timmer, MarianneMarianne Timmer
 Netherlands
Speed skating
1998–2006
Winter
F
3
0
0
3

van Gennip, YvonneYvonne van Gennip
 Netherlands
Speed skating
1988
Winter
F
3
0
0
3

Wehling, UlrichUlrich Wehling
 East Germany
Nordic combined
1972–1980
Winter
M
3
0
0
3

Weissmuller, JohnnyJohnny Weissmuller
 United States
Swimming
1924–1928
Summer
M
3
0
0
3

Westergren, CarlCarl Westergren
 Sweden
Wrestling
1920–1932
Summer
M
3
0
0
3

White, ShaunShaun White
 United States
Snowboarding
2006–2018
Winter
M
3
0
0
3

Wiggins, BradleyBradley Wiggins
 Great Britain
Cycling
2004–2012
Summer
M
3
0
0
3

Zimyatov, NikolayNikolay Zimyatov
 Soviet Union
Cross-country skiing
1980–1984
Winter
M
3
0
0
3