document_title: Escobar

question_text: where does the last name escobar originate from

text: Escobar

text: Look up Escobar in Wiktionary, the free dictionary.

text: Escobar is a Spanish surname. Notable people with the surname include:

text:
Abelardo Escobar Prieto, Mexican politician
Aida Luz Santos de Escobar, ambassador of El Salvador to Cyprus
Anasol Escobar, Colombian singer
Alcides Escobar, Venezuelan baseball player
Alex Escobar, Venezuelan baseball player
Alexander Escobar (born 1984), Salvadoran footballer
Alexander Escobar Gañán (born 1965), Colombian footballer
Alexandra Escobar (born 1980), Ecuadorian weightlifter
Ana Vilma de Escobar (born 1954), Salvadoran politician
Andrea Escobar (born 1992), Colombian actress
Andrés Escobar (1967–1994), Colombian footballer
Andrés Ramiro Escobar (born 1991), Colombian footballer
Ángel Escobar, Venezuelan baseball player
Antonio Escobar Núñez (born 1976), Spanish musician
Antonio Escobar y Mendoza, 17th-century Spanish ethicist
Arturo Escobar (anthropologist) (born 1952), Colombian-American anthropologist and development scholar
Arturo Escobar y Vega, Mexican politician
Brandon Escobar (born 1990), Honduran sport wrestler
Carlos Escobar Casarin (born 1990), Chilean footballer
Carlos Escobar Ortíz (born 1989), Chilean footballer
César Antonio Díaz Escobar, Chilean footballer
Daniel Escobar (1964–2013), American actor
Daniela Escobar (born 1969), Brazilian actress and television presenter
Darío Escobar (born 1971), Guatemalan artist
Eduardo Escobar (born 1989), Venezuelan baseball player
Elizam Escobar (born 1948), Puerto Rican painter
Enzo Escobar (born 1951), Chilean footballer
Eusebio Escobar (born 1936), Colombian footballer
Fabio Escobar (born 1982), Paraguayan footballer
Francisco Escobar (born 1991), Colombian beauty pageant winner
Gavin Escobar (born 1991), American football player
Henry Escobar (born 1990), Salvadoran footballer
Isabella Escobar (born 1992), Guatemalan tennis player
Jesús Escobar, American historian
José Escobar (baseball) (born in 1960), Venezuelan baseball player
José Escobar Saliente (1908-1994), Spanish comic writer and artist
Juan Carlos Escobar (born 1982), Colombian footballer
Juan Carlos Ortiz Escobar (Cuchilla), Colombian drug dealer
Juan Francisco Escobar (born 1949), Paraguayan football referee
José Luis Escobar Alas (born 1959), Salvadoran bishop
Juan M. Escobar, American judge
Katherine Escobar, Colombian model and actress
Kelvim Escobar (born 1976), Venezuelan baseball player
Luis Escobar (footballer) (born 1984), Colombian footballer
Luis Escobar (polo) (born 1971), American polo player
Luis Escobar (swimmer) (born 1984), Mexican swimmer
Luis Escobar Kirkpatrick (1908-1991), Spanish actor
Luis Antonio Escobar (composer)
Luis Antonio Escobar (footballer)
Manolo Escobar (1931–2013), Spanish singer
Marisol Escobar (1930–2016), Venezuelan-born sculptor
Matías Escobar (born 1982), Argentine footballer
Pablo Escobar (1949 –1993), Colombian drug lord
Pablo Andrés Escobar (born 1987), Colombian footballer
Pablo Daniel Escobar (born 1978), Paraguayan-born Bolivian footballer
Pánfilo Escobar (born 1974), Paraguayan footballer
Patricio Escobar (1843–1912), President of Paraguay
Pedro de Escobar, 16th-century Portuguese composer
Pepe Escobar (born 1954), Brazilian investigative journalist
Pêro Escobar, 15th-century Portuguese explorer
Reynaldo Escobar Pérez, Mexican politician
Rolando Escobar (born 1981), Panamanian footballer
Ruth Escobar (1935–2017), Portuguese-born Brazilian actress, businesswoman, and politician
Sergi Escobar (born 1974), Spanish cyclist
Sílvio Escobar (born 1986), Paraguayan footballer
Sixto Escobar, Puerto Rican boxer
Susana Escobar (born 1987), Mexican swimmer
Ticio Escobar (born 1947), Paraguayan minister of culture
Vicente Escobar (1757–1834), Cuban painter
Walter Escobar (born 1968), Colombian footballer
Yasmani Copello Escobar (born 1987), Cuban-Turkish hurdler
Yunel Escobar (born 1982), Cuban-American baseball player
Sebastián Marroquín, born Juan Pablo Escobar

text: Surname listThis page lists people with the surname Escobar. If an internal link intending to refer to a specific person led you to this page, you may wish to change that link by adding the person's given name(s) to the link.

text: SurnamesSpanish-language surnames

text: Articles with short descriptionAll set index articles


document_title: Science Olympiad Foundation

question_text: how many levels are there in science olympiad

root

text: Science Olympiad Foundation

text: Olympiads[edit]

text: SOF organizes 6 olympiads each year.

tag: p

text: Current[edit]

text: About 4 lakh student take part in each of the following Olympiads-

text: International General Knowledge Olympiad (IGKO)

text: The IGKO is a single level exam .Students from class I-X may participate in the examination.This olympiad has been introduced in 2017-2018 .

text: International English Olympiad (IEO)

text: The IEO is conducted is a single level exam each year , but in 2017-2018 it was conducted on two levels . Students from class I-XII can participate in this olympiad

tag: ul

text: National Science Olympiad (NSO)

text: The NSO is conducted on two levels each year. It was the first Olympiad to be conducted by SOF.It has been conducted since 1996 .Students from class I-XII may participate in the examination.

text: International Mathematics Olympiad (IMO)

text: The IMO is conducted on two levels each year.Students from class I-XII may participate in the examination.

text: International Company Secretaries Olympiad Olympiad (ICSO)

text: The ICSO is a single level exam .Students from classes XI & XII may participate in the examination.

text: National Cyber Olympiad (NCO)

text: The NCO is a single level exam. It was the second olympiad to be conducted by SOF. It has been conducted since 2000 .Students from class I-XII may participate in the examination.

text: Former[edit]

text: National Cyber Olympiad Level-2 (NCO)

text: The NCO was formerly a two level exam however since, the 2017-2018 session the NCO level-2 has been removed due to less popularity and replaced by IEO level-2 due to increasing popularity.

text: International Sports Knowledge Olympiad (ISKO)

text: Conducted only once, during the 2016-2017 session.It was a single level exam conducted in partnership with Star Sports in which students of classes I-X could participate.

text: Eligibility and Pattern[edit]

text: Students from class I to XII can participate. There is a different exam paper for each class. The question paper consists of 35 multiple choice questions of 40 marks, for classes I to IV, and 50 multiple choice questions, for classes V to XII of 60 marks, to be answered in one hour. Five questions that are part of the 'Achievers' section' carry 3 marks each whereas the remaining questions carry one mark each. Students are required to mark their answers on an OMR sheet. Results are announced for every student and it includes the student's overall rank, state rank, school rank, etc. From among 200000 students that participate in each of these Olympiads every year, the top 500 students, top 10 students in each state, as well as school toppers from schools having a participation of more than 10 students in the exam, are selected for the second level. SOF also generates a performance report for all participating schools, as well as awards teachers and principals whose pupils excelled in the exam.[1] Three school toppers who got more than 50% means 30 out of 60 or more than 30 marks get medals {gold, silver, bronze} and are selected for the second level of the examination.

text: In NSO,IMO and IEO(2nd level) the awarding system is as follows-

text:
International rank 1- ₹50,000
International rank 2- ₹25,000
International rank 3- ₹10,000
State rank 1- ₹5,000
State rank 2- ₹2,500
State rank 3- ₹1,000


document_title: Diff'rent Strokes

question_text: who did mr drummond marry on diff'rent strokes

text: Diff'rent Strokes

text: History[edit]

text: In pre-production, the original proposed title was 45 Minutes from Harlem (even though Harlem is only ten or fifteen minutes away from the Drummond residence by subway or taxi).[4] The series was originally devised as a joint vehicle for Maude co-star Conrad Bain (after Maude had abruptly finished production in 1978), and child actor Gary Coleman, who had caught producers' attentions after appearing in a number of commercials.

text: The sitcom starred Coleman as Arnold Jackson and Todd Bridges as his older brother, Willis. They played two children from a poor section of Harlem whose deceased mother previously worked for rich widower Philip Drummond (Conrad Bain), who eventually adopted them. They lived in a penthouse with Drummond, his daughter Kimberly (Dana Plato), and their maid.

text: There were three maids during the sitcom's run: Edna Garrett (Charlotte Rae), Adelaide Brubaker (Nedra Volz), and Pearl Gallagher (Mary Jo Catlett). They lived in the Penthouse Suite at 697 Park Avenue in New York City. As Arnold, Coleman popularized the catchphrase "What'chu talkin' 'bout, Willis?" The ending often varied, depending on whom he was addressing. Early episodes addressed typical issues in a family. Later episodes at times though focused on drug abuse, alcoholism, hitchhiking, and crime, among other issues.

text: Seasons 1–4 (1978–82)[edit]

text: In Season 1, Charlotte Rae appeared in every episode as Edna Garrett, but she departed the show partway through the second season to star in her own spin-off, The Facts of Life. Following Rae's departure, Nedra Volz took over as the housekeeper, Adelaide Brubaker. Although she was not part of the official main cast and not added to the opening credits, Volz appeared as a frequent semi-regular character.

text: Seasons 5–6 (1982–84)[edit]

text: In Season 5, Mary Jo Catlett portrayed Pearl Gallagher, the last of the three maids, and joined the cast as a series regular. Pearl appeared in almost every episode until the final season. Midway through Season 6, Dana Plato became pregnant and approached the producers of the show to include her pregnancy. Initially they agreed to add it, but they later decided not to add the pregnancy, with Plato's publicized brushes with substance abuse contributing to this decision, resulting in her dismissal from the series.[citation needed]

text: Plato's character, Kimberly, was written out of the story lines with the explanation that she moved to Paris to study for a couple of years. Plato did not appear as a regular cast member in the final two seasons of the series, but she made several guest appearances.

text: At the same time, ratings were beginning to fall, so new characters were added to open up future storylines. Dixie Carter and Danny Cooksey portrayed recently divorced television aerobics instructor Margaret "Maggie" McKinney, and her son, Sam McKinney.[5] Carter was introduced midway into the sixth season; after she left for California, Drummond and the family took off after her, during a two-part trip in February 1984, a storyline which also introduced Sam.

text: Phillip proposed to Maggie, and they married. Several past characters attended the wedding ceremony including Dudley, Aunt Sophia, Adelaide and Mrs. Garrett.

text: Season 7 (1984–85)[edit]

text: In the seventh season, Dixie Carter and Danny Cooksey were added to the opening credits (with Carter getting special "and" billing, last in the order), and many new areas and ideas were explored in the storylines, as viewers now got to see Philip as a happily married man. Dana Plato was no longer appearing as a main cast member, because of her pregnancy in real life. The producers felt that the pregnancy wouldn't be acceptable, so she was dropped from the show and returned for the season finale A Special Friend as a guest star. Also, since there was a new fresh-faced kid in the house with Sam, Arnold now had his own little sidekick and was happy to be a "big brother" for a change, and with Willis being dropped into the background slightly, this new brotherly duo took center stage for many storylines. In the season, Todd Bridges was continuing the show as a main cast member, but developed absences in several episodes. Additionally, stories focusing on Arnold's school life (featured occasionally in many previous seasons) were delved into much more. The ratings did not improve to NBC's hopes. Dixie Carter departed at the end of the seventh season and was replaced with Mary Ann Mobley in the eighth season.

text: Season 8 (1985–86)[edit]

text: In the spring of 1985, NBC canceled the series because of poor ratings. ABC picked up the series for an eighth season, and aired it Friday nights. In this season, Mary Ann Mobley replaced Dixie Carter as Maggie McKinney Drummond. Mobley, who had previously played an unrelated, one-off love interest of Drummond's in the second-season episode "Teacher's Pet", was considered for Maggie when the role was created. But she was not initially chosen in part due to age disparity between her and Conrad Bain.[6]

text: ABC canceled the series after 19 episodes, and aired its final episode on March 7, 1986. The show returned to ABC's schedule in June for three months of summer reruns, which ended on August 30, 1986. The final season ranked 76th out of 106 shows, and averaged an 11.5 household rating.[citation needed]

text: Cast[edit]

text:
Conrad Bain as Phillip Drummond
Gary Coleman as Arnold Jackson
Todd Bridges as Willis Jackson
Dana Plato as Kimberly Drummond (1978–84, 1985–86 recurring)
Charlotte Rae as Edna Garrett (1978–79)
Nedra Volz as Adelaide Brubaker (1980–84)
Janet Jackson as Charlene DuPrey (1980–84 recurring)
Dody Goodman as Sophia Drummond (1981–84 recurring)
Shavar Ross as Dudley Johnson (1980–86 recurring)
Le Tari as Ted Ramsey (1980–84 recurring)
Mary Jo Catlett as Pearl Gallagher (1982–86)
Rosalind Chao as Miss Chung (1981–83 recurring)
Steven Mond as Robbie Jason (1980–85 recurring)
Dixie Carter as Maggie McKinney Drummond #1 (1984–85)
Mary Ann Mobley as Maggie McKinney Drummond #2 (1985–86) and as Ms. Osbourne
Danny Cooksey as Sam McKinney (1984–86)
Jason Hervey as Charlie (1985–86 recurring)
Nikki Swasey as Lisa Hayes (1982–86 recurring)

text: Phillip Drummond is the only character to appear in every episode of the series. Arnold Jackson missed five episodes. Two from the 1981–82 season, "First Day Blues" and "The Team". He then missed three episodes from the 1984–85 season, "The Gymnasts", "Sam Adopts a Grandparent" and "Baseball Blues".

text: Supporting characters[edit]

text: Outside of the Drummond household, there were a large number of supporting characters seen over the years. Phillip's slightly dotty sister Sophia (Dody Goodman) was regularly seen in the fourth season, playing matchmaker for her brother in hopes of getting Philip to marry again. Dudley Johnson (Shavar Ross) was Arnold's new best friend, who, like Arnold, was also adopted, with whom he shared many memorable childhood scrapes. Some of these were important or serious storylines under the "very special episode" heading, which Diff'rent Strokes popularized (see below). Ted Ramsey (Le Tari) was Dudley's adoptive father, who turned up occasionally.

text: In the third season, Janet Jackson played Willis' girlfriend Charlene DuPrey. She was a frequent recurring character until Season 6, when Charlene and Willis decided to break up, but remain friends.

text: Other classmates and friends of Arnold seen over time included Robbie Jason (Steven Mond) and snobby Lisa Hayes (Nikki Swasey), who initially was sweet on Arnold, but later came to despise him, leading to hatred between the pair and many squabbles. Miss Chung (Rosalind Chao) was Arnold's teacher. In the fall of 1985, when the series moved to ABC, Arnold, Dudley and Lisa entered high school, where they gained a new friend in Charlie (Jason Hervey).

text: An oft-mentioned character, spanning the entire show's run, was "The Gooch", a notorious bully at Arnold's school. First mentioned in the first-season episode "The Fight", which revolves around his bullying of Arnold, his name is mentioned in numerous episodes (and his bullying of Arnold returned as the center of several plots), with Arnold's frequent descriptions of him as a burly, troublesome brute, forever looking for trouble but not very intelligent, but the character never actually appeared on screen. In season 7, after years of harassing Arnold (and later Sam), the Gooch was finally defeated by Arnold's neighbor and nemesis Carmella.

text: Episodes[edit]

text:
Season
Episodes
Originally aired
Nielsen ratings[7]

First aired
Last aired
Network
Rank
Rating
Tied with

1
24
November 3, 1978 (1978-11-03)
May 4, 1979 (1979-05-04)
NBC
27
19.9
N/A

2
26
September 21, 1979 (1979-09-21)
March 26, 1980 (1980-03-26)
26
20.3
N/A

3
22
November 12, 1980 (1980-11-12)
May 13, 1981 (1981-05-13)
17
20.7
Fantasy Island
Trapper John, M.D.

4
26
October 29, 1981 (1981-10-29)
May 20, 1982 (1982-05-20)
N/A
N/A
N/A

5
24
October 2, 1982 (1982-10-02)
May 14, 1983 (1983-05-14)
N/A
N/A
N/A

6
24
October 1, 1983 (1983-10-01)
May 12, 1984 (1984-05-12)
N/A
N/A
N/A

7
24
September 29, 1984 (1984-09-29)
May 4, 1985 (1985-05-04)
N/A
N/A
N/A

8
19
September 27, 1985 (1985-09-27)
March 7, 1986 (1986-03-07)
ABC
N/A
N/A
N/A

tag: table

text: Very special episodes[edit]

text: Diff'rent Strokes was also known for its many "very special episodes", most notably an anti-drug episode ("The Reporter", in Season 5) that featured First Lady Nancy Reagan, who promoted her "Just Say No" campaign, and "The Bicycle Man", a two-part episode that guest starred Gordon Jump as a pedophile who lures Arnold and Dudley into his bicycle shop and attempts to molest them.

text: Another episode involved a con artist (played by Whitman Mayo) posing as a relative of Arnold and Willis in an attempt to get access to the inheritance they were left by a former neighbor. Another episode involved Kimberly's new boyfriend Roger not allowing his sister to go to their school's costume ball with Willis because he is African-American.

text: In an episode on the dangers of hitchhiking, Kimberly and Arnold (who were out in the cold weather and didn't have money for cab or bus fare) were abducted by a serial kidnapper-rapist (played by Woody Eney), who initially acted as a good Samaritan by giving the two of them a ride, and inviting them to his apartment. After the man's true nature became known, Arnold escaped to look for help and the man nearly raped Kimberly before the police arrived to arrest him. At the end of the episode, Conrad Bain (in an out of character PSA) spoke about what to do if real life situations as the one portrayed on the show were to occur.

text: Two notable episodes dealt with the consequences of alcoholism. In season 5, Willis moves out of the penthouse to live with a friend who abuses alcohol. In season 7, Arnold must deal with a classmate whom he catches drinking a thermos of alcohol in the school bathroom.

text: In the final season (when the sitcom moved from NBC to ABC), the one-hour season opener revolved around Sam being kidnapped by a bereaved father (played by Royce D. Applegate) hoping to replace his own dead son.

text: In other notable episodes, the family discovered that Kimberly was suffering from bulimia. In another episode, Arnold and Sam met Karen, a street performer. After a performance, she has an epileptic seizure, and Sam is scared thinking she's dying. The boys then feel uncomfortable around her, and when they begin making jokes about her seizures, they find out that housekeeper Pearl herself has epilepsy, but unlike Karen controls her seizures by taking medication.

text: Spin-off and crossovers[edit]

text: The Facts of Life (1979–88) is a spin-off of Diff'rent Strokes featuring Drummond's former maid Mrs. Garrett (Charlotte Rae), who had accepted a job as the house-mother for a dormitory at an all-girls private school that Kimberly was attending. In a late first-season episode of Strokes (which served as the "backdoor pilot" of Facts), Mrs. Garrett took Kimberly to the school with the intent of helping her sew costumes for a school play. While there, Mrs. Garrett met Kimberly's classmates and was offered the job as "dorm mother". She declines in this episode, but come fall, clearly had a change of heart. The Diff'rent Strokes cast appeared in the first episode of The Facts of Life (at one point, Drummond asks Mrs. Garrett "Are you sure we can't change your mind to come back to us?"). The success of the spin-off led to several Strokes/Facts crossovers in the ensuing years.

text: While not a spin-off, Hello, Larry (1979–80) had a connection to Strokes as it was established in a crossover episode that Philip Drummond and Larry Alder (McLean Stevenson) were old army buddies, and Mr. Drummond had bought the company that owned the radio station Larry worked at as a talk show host.

text: Additionally, Arnold appeared on the Silver Spoons episode "The Great Computer Caper" and the Amazing Stories episode "Remote Control Man".

text: Later appearances as the characters[edit]

text: In 1994, Coleman appeared in an episode of Married... with Children, playing a building code inspector whom Al Bundy called to report an illegal driveway. When Kelly recognizes him, he denies any connection to Arnold Jackson, but utters his catchphrase to Al, "What'chu talkin' about, Bundy?". Also, in 1996, Coleman and Bain reprised their roles for the series finale of The Fresh Prince of Bel-Air entitled "I, Done Part 2". In their scene, they reference Willis by name before meeting Will Smith's character, leading to Coleman uttering a variation of his catchphrase, "What'chu talkin' about, Will?".

text: Additional catchphrase references and appearances in popular culture[edit]

text: In 2004, Gary Coleman appeared on the second season of The Surreal Life and was pressured to quote his famous catchphrase by Vanilla Ice.[8][9] He also guest-starred as himself on The Wayans Bros., The Ben Stiller Show, Drake & Josh, The Jamie Foxx Show, The Parkers, Robot Chicken and The Simpsons.

text: After Diff'rent Strokes ended[edit]

text: Following the cancellation of Diff'rent Strokes, Gary Coleman, Todd Bridges and Dana Plato encountered difficulty in obtaining acting jobs. All three experienced various legal problems while Bridges and Plato also struggled with drug addictions, all of which were documented in the press. The press and fans of the series blamed the cast's personal problems and faltering careers on what was eventually dubbed the "curse of Diff'rent Strokes" by various tabloids.[10]

text: Gary Coleman[edit]

text: Three years after the series ended, Gary Coleman sued his parents and his former manager over misappropriation of his trust fund. Although he was awarded over $1,000,000 in the decision, he filed for bankruptcy in 1999.

text: In 1998, Coleman was charged with assault after he punched a woman while working as a security guard at a shopping mall. In 2001, Coleman (still working as a security guard) was videotaped trying to stop a vehicle from entering the mall. The driver ridiculed him, and released the tape to be broadcast on numerous television shows.[11] In 2007, Coleman was cited for disorderly conduct in Provo, Utah, for having a "heated discussion" with a woman.[12]

text: On May 26, 2010, Coleman, who had battled health problems since childhood caused by congenital kidney disease, was admitted to Utah Valley Regional Medical Center in Provo after falling and hitting his head after suffering a seizure. Coleman was then placed on life support after suffering an intracranial hemorrhage, and died on May 28, 2010, from complications of his injury at age 42.[13]

text: Dana Plato[edit]

text: During Season 6, Dana Plato became pregnant and her character was written out of the series (Plato would go on to make guest appearances for the final two seasons). In 1984 she married the father of her child, musician Lanny Lambert, but the couple divorced in 1990. Due to financial difficulties and her growing addiction to drugs and alcohol, Plato relinquished custody of her son, Tyler, to her ex-husband.

text: In an attempt to boost her faltering career, Plato posed for Playboy in June 1989 but her appearance in the magazine did not help her land acting jobs.[10] By 1990, Plato was living in Las Vegas. Despite having made $25,000 an episode while on the series, she was often broke and was working as a cashier at a dry cleaning store.[14]

text: In February 1991, she was arrested after robbing a Las Vegas video store armed with a pellet gun. She was arrested the following year for forging prescriptions for Valium.[15] In 1998, she appeared in a softcore pornographic film entitled Different Strokes: The Story of Jack & Jill... and Jill, which was intended to capitalize on her Diff'rent Strokes fame.[10] After her arrests, Plato publicly admitted that she struggled with an addiction to drugs and alcohol.[16]

text: She died of a drug overdose in 1999 at age 34. Her death was ruled a suicide.[17] Her son, Tyler Lambert, would later commit suicide as well.

text: Todd Bridges[edit]

text: After the series ended, Todd Bridges developed an addiction to cocaine. In February 1988, he was arrested and charged with the attempted murder of a drug dealer at a crack house in South Central Los Angeles. He was acquitted in November 1989.[18] Bridges was also arrested on a concealed weapon charge and possession of cocaine.[10] In 1994, he was arrested after allegedly ramming someone's car after an argument.[19]

text: After years of battling his drug addiction, Bridges became sober in the early 1990s.[20] He now travels across the United States, touring schools and discussing the dangers of drug use.[21]

text: Bridges has continued acting in films and television. His more high-profile role was as Monk, a shell-shocked Vietnam veteran, conspiracy theorist, and nephew of Chris' boss Doc on the sitcom Everybody Hates Chris.[22]

text: Docudramas[edit]

text: Two unofficial docudramas were produced about the show:

text:
In 2000, Fox broadcast a one-hour television movie, After Diff'rent Strokes: When the Laughter Stopped. This film, which starred unknown actors, focused on Dana Plato's life after the show, leading to her death. Todd Bridges guest starred in this film as a drug dealer who sold drugs—to a younger Todd Bridges.[23]
On September 4, 2006, NBC aired a television drama titled Behind the Camera: The Unauthorized Story of Diff'rent Strokes. The film, which chronicles the rise and decline of the sitcom's child stars, also features recent interview clips with Coleman and Bridges. The two also star in the movie as themselves (briefly) in the final scene, standing by Plato's grave.[24]

text: DVD releases[edit]

text: Sony Pictures Home Entertainment has released Seasons 1 and 2 of Diff'rent Strokes on DVD in Region 1 & 4. Season 1 was also released in Regions 2 & 5 on October 6, 2008.[25] On September 29, 2009, a "Fan Favorites" DVD was released. This is a one disc compilation consisting of eight episodes from Season 2.[26]

text: On April 6, 2012, it was announced that Shout! Factory had acquired the rights to the series; they subsequently released the third season on DVD on July 17, 2012.[27] Season 4 was released on November 20, 2012.[28] Season 5 was released on April 4, 2017.[29] Season 6 was released on July 25, 2017.[30] Season 7 was released on February 27, 2018.[31] Season 8 was released on May 29, 2018.[32]

text: On August 27, 2013, it was announced that Mill Creek Entertainment had acquired the rights to various television series from the Sony Pictures library, including Diff'rent Strokes.[33] They subsequently re-released the first and second seasons on DVD on July 15, 2014.[34]

text:
DVD name
No. of
episodes
Release dates

Region 1
Region 4

The Complete First Season
24
September 14, 2004
July 15, 2014 (re-release)
November 22, 2006

The Complete Second Season
26
January 31, 2006
July 15, 2014 (re-release)
November 4, 2008

The Complete Third Season
22
July 17, 2012
N/A

The Complete Fourth Season
26
November 20, 2012
N/A

The Complete Fifth Season
24
April 4, 2017
N/A

The Complete Sixth Season
23
July 25, 2017
N/A

The Complete Seventh Season
24
February 27, 2018
N/A

The Complete Eighth Season
19
May 29, 2018
N/A


document_title: Kashi Vishwanath Temple

question_text: who build kashi vishwanath temple in 16 century

text: Kashi Vishwanath Temple

text: History[edit]

text: The temple has been mentioned in the Puranas including the Kashi Khanda (section) of Skanda Purana. The original Vishwanath temple was destroyed by the army of Qutb-ud-din Aibak in 1194 CE, when he defeated the Raja of Kannauj as a commander of Mohammad Ghori. The temple was rebuilt by a Gujarati merchant during the reign of Delhi's Sultan Iltutmish (1211-1266 CE). It was demolished again during the rule of either Hussain Shah Sharqi (1447-1458) or Sikandar Lodhi (1489-1517). Raja Man Singh built the temple during Mughal emperor Akbar's rule, but orthodox Hindus boycotted it as he had let the Mughals marry within his family. Raja Todar Mal further re-built the temple with Akbar's funding at its original site in 1585.[3]

text: In 1669 CE, Emperor Aurangzeb destroyed the temple and built the Gyanvapi Mosque in its place.[4] The remains of the erstwhile temple can be seen in the foundation, the columns and at the rear part of the mosque.[5]

text:
Gyanvapi Mosque, sketched as Temple of Vishveshvur in 1834 by James Prinsep

Plan of the Ancient Temple of Vishveshvur, by James Prinsep[6]

text: In 1742, the Maratha ruler Malhar Rao Holkar made a plan to demolish the mosque and reconstruct Vishweshwar temple at the site. However, his plan did not materialize, partially because of intervention by the Nawabs of Lucknow, who controlled the territory.[7]:2 Around 1750, the Maharaja of Jaipur commissioned a survey of the land around the site, with the objective of purchasing land to rebuild the Kashi Vishwanath temple.[7]:85 However, his plan to rebuild the temple did not materialize either. In 1780, Malhar Rao's daughter-in-law Ahilyabai Holkar constructed the present temple adjacent to the mosque. In 1828, Baiza Bai, widow of the Maratha ruler Daulat Rao Scindhia of Gwalior State, built a low-roofed colonnade with over 40 pillars in the Gyan Vapi precinct.[8] During 1833-1840 CE, the boundary of Gyanvapi Well, the ghats and other nearby temples were constructed.A 7-feet high stone statue of Nandi bull, gifted by the Raja of Nepal lies to the east of the colonnade. Many noble families from various ancestral kingdoms of Indian subcontinent and their prior establishments make generous contributions for the operations of the temple. In 1841, the Bhosales of Nagpur donated silver to the temple. In 1835, Maharaja Ranjit Singh donated 1 tonne of gold for plating the temple's dome.[7]:200[9]

text: The temple was managed by a hereditary group of pandas or mahants. After the death of Mahant Devi Dutt, a dispute arose among his successors. In 1900, his brother-in-law Pandit Visheshwar Dayal Tewari filed a lawsuit, which resulted in him being declared the head priest.[10]

text: Legend[edit]

text: As per Shiva Purana, once Brahma (the Hindu God of creation) and Vishnu (the Hindu God of Harmony) had an argument in terms of supremacy of creation.[11] To test them, Shiva pierced the three worlds as a huge endless pillar of light, the jyotirlinga. Vishnu and Brahma split their ways to downwards and upwards respectively to find the end of the light in either directions. Brahma lied that he found out the end, while Vishnu conceded his defeat. Shiva appeared as a second pillar of light and cursed Brahma that he would have no place in ceremonies while Vishnu would be worshiped till the end of eternity. The jyotirlinga is the supreme partless reality, out of which Shiva partly appears. The jyothirlinga shrines, thus are places where Shiva appeared as a fiery column of light.[12][13] There are 64 forms of Shiva, not to be confused with Jyotirlingas. Each of the twelve jyothirlinga sites take the name of the presiding deity - each considered different manifestation of Shiva.[14] At all these sites, the primary image is lingam representing the beginningless and endless Stambha pillar, symbolizing the infinite nature of Shiva.[14][15][16] The twelve jyothirlinga are Somnath in Gujarat, Mallikarjuna at Srisailam in Andhra Pradesh, Mahakaleswar at Ujjain in Madhya Pradesh, Omkareshwar in Madhya Pradesh, Kedarnath in Himalayas, Bhimashankar in Maharashtra, Viswanath at Varanasi in Uttar Pradesh, Triambakeshwar in Maharashtra, Vaidyanath Jyotirlinga, Deogarh in Deoghar, Jharkhand, Nageswar at Dwarka in Gujarat, Rameshwar at Rameswaram in Tamil Nadu and Grishneshwar at Aurangabad in Maharashtra.[11][17]

text: The Manikarnika Ghat on the banks of Ganges near to the Kashi Vishwanath Temple is considered as a Shakti Peetha, a revered place of worship for the Shaktism sect. The Daksha Yaga, a Shaivite literature is considered as an important literature which is the story about the origin of Shakti Peethas.[18]

text: The temple structure[edit]

text: The temple complex consists of a series of smaller shrines, located in a small lane called the Vishwanatha Galli, near the river. The linga of the main deity at the shrine is 60 cm tall and 90 cm in circumference housed in a silver altar.[19] The main temple is quadrangle and is surrounded by shrines of other gods. There are small temples for Kaalbhairav, Dhandapani, Avimukteshwara, Vishnu, Vinayaka, Sanishwara, Virupaksha and Virupaksh Gauri in the complex. There is a small well in the temple called the Jnana Vapi also spelled as Gyaan vapi (the wisdom well). The Jnana Vapi well sites to the north of the main temple and it is believed that the Jyotirlinga was hidden in the well to protect it at the time of invasion. It is said that the main priest of the temple jumped in the well with the Shiv Ling in order to protect the Jyotirlinga from invaders.

text: According to the structure of the temple, there is a Sabha Griha or Congregation Hall leading to the inner Garbha Griha or Sanctum Sanctorum. The venerable Jyotirlinga is a dark brown colored stone which is enshrined in the Sanctum, placed on a silver platform. Structure of the Mandir is composed of three parts. The first compromises a spire on the Mandir of Lord Vishwanath or Mahadeva. The second is gold dome and the third is the gold spire atop Lord Vishwanath carrying a flag and a trident.

text: The Kashi Vishwanath temple receives around 3,000 visitors every day. On certain occasions the numbers reach 1,000,000 and more. Noteworthy about the temple is 15.5 metre high gold spire and gold dome. There are three domes each made up of pure gold.

text: Importance of the temple[edit]

text: Located on the banks of the holy Ganges, Varanasi is regarded among the holiest of the Hindu cities. The Kashi Vishwanath temple is widely recognized as one of the most important places of worship in Hindu religion. Inside the Kashi Vishvanath Temple is the Jyotirlinga of Shiva, Vishveshvara or Vishvanath. The Vishveshvara Jyotirlinga has a very special and unique significance in the spiritual history of India.

text: Many leading saints, including Adi Sankaracharya, Ramakrishna Paramhansa, Swami Vivekananda, Bamakhyapa, Goswami Tulsidas, Swami Dayananda Saraswati, Sathya Sai Baba and Gurunanak have visited the site.[20] A visit to the temple and a bath in the river Ganges is one of many methods believed to lead one on a path to Moksha (liberation). Thus, Hindus from all over the world try to visit the place at least once in their lifetime. There is also a tradition that one should give up at least one desire after a pilgrimage the temple, and the pilgrimage would also include a visit to the temple at Rameswaram in Tamil Nadu in Southern India, where people take water samples of the Ganges to perform prayer at the temple and bring back sand from near that temple. Because of the immense popularity and holiness of Kashi Vishwanath temple, hundreds of temples across India have been built in the same architectural style. Many legends record that the true devotee achieves freedom from death and saṃsāra by the worship of Shiva, Shiva's devotees on death being directly taken to his abode on Mount Kailash by his messengers and not to Yama. The superiority of Shiva and his victory over his own nature—Shiva is himself identified with death—is also stated. There is a popular belief that Shiva himself blows the mantra of salvation into the ears of people who die naturally at the Vishwanath temple.

text: Puja details[edit]

text: There are 5 aartis of Shree Kashi Vishwanath:

text:
. Mangala Aarti :- 3.00 - 4.00 (Morning).
. Bhoga Aarti :- 11.15 to 12.20 (Day).
. Sandhya Aarti :- 7.00 to 8.15 (Evening).
. Shringara Aarti :- 9.00 to 10.15 (Night).
. Shayana Aarti :- 10.30-11.00 (Night).

tag: ol

text: Security arrangements do not allow any cell phones, camera, belts with metal buckle, cigarettes, lighters, etc. inside the temple.


document_title: List of people hanged, drawn and quartered

question_text: who was the last person to be hanged drawn and quartered

text: To be hanged, drawn and quartered was a penalty in England and the United Kingdom for several crimes, but mainly for high treason. This method was abolished in England in 1870.

text:
Date executed
Name
Notes

1305-08-23
William Wallace
Treason in the Wars of Scottish Independence

1323
Andrew Harclay, 1st Earl of Carlisle
Treason in the Wars of Scottish Independence[1]

1326-11-24
Hugh Despenser the Younger
For sodomy. Contemporary accounts differ on whether he died from the full sentence of being hanged, drawn, and quartered.

1381-07-04
Thomas Baker (Peasants' Revolt leader)
Aftermath of the 1381 Peasants' Revolt.[2][3]

1381-07-15
John Ball
Aftermath of the 1381 Peasants' Revolt.[4]

1381-1382
John Buk
Aftermath of the 1381 Peasants' Revolt [5]

1381-1382
Richard de Leycester
Aftermath of the 1381 Peasants' Revolt [6]

1382-05-6
John Wrawe
Aftermath of the 1381 Peasants' Revolt [7]

1388
Thomas Usk
Accused of misleading King Richard [8]

1401
Llywelyn ap Gruffydd Fychan
Allowed Owain Glyndŵr to escape capture, and therefore disembowelled and dismembered.[9]

1404
John Cerle
Killed the Duke of Glovernia and therefore Johannes Cerle tractus, suspensus, et vivus depositus, et tandem ductus Londoniae tractus ibidem et suspensus demum decollatus est atque in quartas divisus.[10]

1554
Thomas Wyatt the younger
Sentenced to be hanged, drawn and quartered for Wyatt's rebellion, but the sentence was commuted to beheading.[11]

1554-05
William Thomas (scholar)
Accused of planning to murder Mary I of England

1577
Cuthbert Mayne
One of the Forty Martyrs of England and Wales executed under anti-Catholic laws [12][13]

1577
Edmund Campion
One of the Forty Martyrs of England and Wales executed under anti-Catholic laws [14][15]

1581-12-01
Alexander Briant
Catholic priest, one of the Forty Martyrs of England and Wales[16]

1586-09-20
Anthony Babington
Executed as one of many involved in the Babington plot[17]

1586-09-20
John Ballard (Jesuit)
Executed as one of many involved in the Babington plot[18]

1586-09-20
Chidiock Tichborne
Executed as one of many involved in the Babington plot

1586-09-20
Henry Donn
Executed as one of many involved in the Babington plot

1586-09-20
Robert Barnewell
Executed as one of many involved in the Babington plot

1586-09-20
John Savage
Executed as one of many involved in the Babington plot

1586
Edward Havington
Executed as one of many involved in the Babington plot Public outcry at the horror of the drawing and quartering of Sept. 20th 1586 caused Elizabeth to order the second group to hang until "quite dead" before disembowelling and quartering.[19]

1586
Charles Tilney
Executed as one of many involved in the Babington plot Hung until "quite dead" before disembowelling and quartering.[20]

1586
Edward Jones
Executed as one of many involved in the Babington plot Hung until "quite dead" before disembowelling and quartering.[21]

1586
John Charnock
Executed as one of many involved in the Babington plot Hung until "quite dead" before disembowelling and quartering.[22]

1586
John Travers
Executed as one of many involved in the Babington plot Hung until "quite dead" before disembowelling and quartering.[23]

1586
Jerome Bellamy
Executed as one of many involved in the Babington plot Hung until "quite dead" before disembowelling and quartering.[24]

1586
Robert_Gage_(MP)
Executed as one of many involved in the Babington plot Hung until "quite dead" before disembowelling and quartering.[25]

1594-07-24
John Boste
Catholic priest, one of the Forty Martyrs of England and Wales[26].[27]

1606-01-30
Everard Digby
For involvement in Gunpowder Plot

1606-01-30
Robert Wintour
For involvement in Gunpowder Plot

1606-01-30
John Grant
For involvement in Gunpowder Plot

1606-01-30
Thomas Bates
For involvement in Gunpowder Plot

1606-01-31
Thomas Wintour
For involvement in Gunpowder Plot

1606-01-31
Ambrose Rookwood
For involvement in Gunpowder Plot

1606-01-31
Robert Keyes
For involvement in Gunpowder Plot

1606-01-31
Guy Fawkes
For involvement in Gunpowder Plot, but he managed to cheat the executioner by jumping from the scaffold while his head was in the noose, breaking his neck.[28][29]  His lifeless body was nevertheless drawn and quartered,[30][31] and his body parts distributed to "the four corners of the kingdom".[32]

1628-08-28
Edmund_Arrowsmith
Catholic priest, one of the Forty Martyrs of England and Wales[33][34]

1641-09-10
Ambrose Barlow
Catholic priest, one of the Forty Martyrs of England and Wales[35][36] [37]

1643-05-30
George Bouchier
For his activities in the English Civil War [38]

1643-05-30
Robert Yeamans
For his activities in the English Civil War [39]

1653
Felim O'Neill of Kinard
Executed for his part in the Irish Rebellion of 1641 [40][41]

1654-06-28
John Southworth
Cromwell ordered that surgeons sew the corpse back together so that it could be sent to Douai College for burial.[42]

1658-07-07
Edward Ashton (colonel)
For the plot against the Lord Protector set on foot by agents of Charles II in 1658, and for complicity in which Sir Henry Slingsby and John Hewet were executed. [43]

1663
Thomas Oates
Executed for participating in the Farnley Wood Plot[44][45]

1663
Samuel Ellis
Executed for participating in the Farnley Wood Plot

1663
John Nettleton, sr.
Executed for participating in the Farnley Wood Plot

1663
John Nettleton, jr.
Executed for participating in the Farnley Wood Plot

1663
Robert Scott
Executed for participating in the Farnley Wood Plot

1663
William Tolson
Executed for participating in the Farnley Wood Plot

1663
John Forster
Executed for participating in the Farnley Wood Plot

1663
Robert Olroyd
Executed for participating in the Farnley Wood Plot

1663
John Asquith
Executed for participating in the Farnley Wood Plot

1663
Peregrine Corney
Executed for participating in the Farnley Wood Plot

1663
John Snowden
Executed for participating in the Farnley Wood Plot

1663
John Smith
Executed for participating in the Farnley Wood Plot

1663
William Ash
Executed for participating in the Farnley Wood Plot

1663
John Errington
Executed for participating in the Farnley Wood Plot

1663
Robert Atkins
Executed for participating in the Farnley Wood Plot

1663
William Colton
Executed for participating in the Farnley Wood Plot

1663
George Denham
Executed for participating in the Farnley Wood Plot

1663
Henry Watson
Executed for participating in the Farnley Wood Plot

1663
Richard Wilson
Executed for participating in the Farnley Wood Plot

1663
Ralph Rymer
Executed for participating in the Farnley Wood Plot

1663
Charles Carre
Executed for participating in the Farnley Wood Plot

1685
over 200
Charged with treason following the Monmouth Rebellion, their remains were parboiled, tarred, and displayed on poles, trees and lampposts; only when James conducted a progress through the area were they removed and buried.[46]

1788-02-16
Robert Keon
hanged, drawn, and quartered for murder in a private quarrel [47]

1803-09-20
Robert Emmet
convicted of high treason in the Irish Rebellion of 1803.[48][49][50] He was hanged and then beheaded once dead.[51]


document_title: Bill of rights

question_text: what was the bill of rights in germany

question_tokens: what was the bill of rights in germany

text: Bill of rights

text: List of bills of rights[edit]

text: General[edit]

text:
Magna Carta (1215; England) rights for barons
Great Charter of Ireland (1216; Ireland) rights for barons
Golden Bull of 1222 (1222; Hungary) rights for nobles
Statute of Kalisz (1264; Kingdom of Poland) Jewish residents' rights
Charter of Kortenberg (1312; Belgium) rights for all citizens "rich and poor"
Dušan's Code (1349; Serbia)
Twelve Articles (1525; Germany)
Pacta conventa (1573; Poland)
Henrician Articles (1573; Poland)
Petition of Right (1628; England)
Bill of Rights 1689 (England) and Claim of Right Act 1689 (Scotland) This applied to all British Colonies of the time, and was later entrenched in the laws of those colonies that became nations - for instance in Australia with the Colonial Laws Validity Act 1865 and reconfirmed by the Statute of Westminster 1931
Virginia Declaration of Rights (June 1776)
Preamble to the United States Declaration of Independence (July 1776)
Chapter 1 of the Pennsylvania Constitution (July 1776)[1]
Declaration of the Rights of Man and of the Citizen (1789; France)
Bill of Rights of the United States Constitution (completed in 1789, ratified in 1791)
Declaration of the Rights of the People (1811; Venezuela)
Article I of the Constitution of Connecticut (1818)
Constitution of Greece (1822; Epidaurus)
Hatt-ı Hümayun (1856; Ottoman Empire)
Article I of the Constitution of Texas (1875)
Basic rights and liberties in Finland (1919)[citation needed]
Articles 13-28 of the Constitution of Italy (1947)
Universal Declaration of Human Rights (1948, United Nations)
Fundamental rights and duties of citizens in People's Republic of China (1949)
European Convention on Human Rights (1950)
Fundamental Rights of Indian citizens (1950)
Implied Bill of Rights (a theory in Canadian constitutional law)
Canadian Bill of Rights (1960)
International Bill of Human Rights (1976)
Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms (1982)
Article III of the Constitution of the Philippines (1987)
Article 5 of the Constitution of Brazil (1988)
New Zealand Bill of Rights Act (1990)
Charter of Fundamental Rights and Basic Freedoms of the Czech Republic (1991)
Hong Kong Bill of Rights Ordinance (1991)
Chapter 2 of the Constitution of South Africa (entitled "Bill of Rights") (1996)
Human Rights Act 1998 (United Kingdom)
Human Rights Act 2004 (Australian Capital Territory)
Charter of Fundamental Rights of the European Union (2005)
Victorian Charter of Human Rights and Responsibilities (2006; Australian state of Victoria)
Chapter Four of the Constitution of Zimbabwe (2013)

text: Specifically targeted documents[edit]

text:
Consumer Bill of Rights
Homeless Bill of Rights
Taxpayer Bill of Rights
Academic Bill of Rights,
Veterans' Bill of Rights
G.I. Bill of Rights, better known as the G.I. Bill
Homosexual Bill of Rights, drafted by North American Conference of Homophile Organizations
Library Bill of Rights, published by the American Library Association
Environmental Bill of Rights or Agenda 21
Gamer's Bill of Rights, for video gamers
Creator's Bill of Rights, comic writers and artists
Donor's Bill of Rights, for philanthropic donors
Law Enforcement Officers' Bill of Rights
California Voter Bill of Rights, adaptation of the Voting Rights Act
Islamic Bill of Rights for Women in the Mosque
New Jersey Anti-Bullying Bill of Rights Act
Credit Cardholders' Bill of Rights, contained within the Credit CARD Act of 2009
Passengers' Bill of Rights
Clone Bill of Rights, promoted by Randy Wicker's Clone Rights United Front for human cloning

text: Exceptions in Western democracies[edit]

text: Australia is the only common law country with neither a constitutional nor federal legislative bill of rights to protect its citizens, although there is ongoing debate in many of Australia's states.[2][3] In 1973, Federal Attorney-General Lionel Murphy introduced a human rights Bill into parliament, although it was never passed.[4] In 1984, Senator Stephen Bunce drafted a Bill of Rights, but it was never introduced into parliament, and in 1985, Senator Lionel Bowen introduced a bill of rights, which was passed by the House of Representatives, but failed to pass the Senate.[5] Former Australian Prime Minister John Howard has argued against a bill of rights for Australia on the grounds it would transfer power from elected politicians (populist politics) to unelected (constitutional) judges and bureaucrats.[6][7] Victoria and the Australian Capital Territory (ACT) are the only states and territories to have a human rights Act.[8] [9] However, the principle of legality present in the Australian judicial system, seeks to ensure that legislation is interpreted so as not to interfere with basic human rights, unless legislation expressly intends to interfere. [10]


document_title: List of Disney's Beauty and the Beast characters

question_text: what is the clock from beauty and the beast called

question_tokens: what is the clock from beauty and the beast called

text: List of Disney's Beauty and the Beast characters

text: Introduced in Beauty and the Beast

text: Belle

text: Beast

text: Gaston

text: Maurice

text:
Maurice

First appearance
Beauty and the Beast (1991)

Portrayed by
Eric Keenleyside (Once Upon a Time)
Kevin Kline (live-action film)

Voiced by
Rex Everhart

text: Maurice is the village inventor and Belle's father. However, most of the villagers think he is insane for crafting devices believed ridiculous and impossible to construct in reality.

text: During the beginning of the movie, he is working on a machine that automatically chops up firewood. Once it is successfully working, he leaves for the County Fair to display his invention. However, he is unable to make it to the fair due to getting lost in the woods. After going down a path that results in the loss of his horse and cart, and being attacked and nearly killed by a pack of rabid wolves, he winds up at the gate of a dark castle. When he enters the castle to stay for the night, he ends up being locked up by the Beast, the castle's master.

text: Belle learns of what happened and goes to the castle, attempting to release her father. She then tries to convince the Beast to release him from the castle. She succeeds in convincing the Beast to release him, under the condition that she is to take her father's place, to Maurice's protests. Maurice is forcibly taken back to the village.

text: Upon returning to the village, Maurice tries to seek the villagers' help in trying to rescue Belle, but they don't believe him, and they consequently throw him out of the tavern.

text: Determined to not give up on Belle, he decides to return to the castle alone. However, it doesn't take long before he succumbs to an unknown illness due to the cold weather. Luckily, Belle discovers that her father is in trouble via the Beast's Magic Mirror and is released by the Beast so she can save him. Shortly after arriving back home, Le Fou has alarmed the villagers of their return. Shortly thereafter, Monsieur D'Arque, the keeper of the Maison de Lunes Insane Asylum, and the other villagers come to take Maurice to the insane asylum in an intricate plan to blackmail Belle into marrying Gaston. Belle reveals that Maurice's rants are true and that the Beast does exist. Both she and Maurice are locked up by Gaston in the cellar, to stop them from interfering with Gaston's goal to kill the Beast. Chip has managed to stow away in Belle's satchel and uses the automated firewood cutter to destroy the door to the cellar. Maurice and Belle leave for the castle to stop Gaston from killing the Beast. He is last seen in the ballroom standing by Mrs. Potts as he happily watches Belle and the Beast (who is now transformed back into a handsome prince) dance while he laughs at Chip's question to his mother whether he still has to 'stay in the cupboard'.

text: In the 2017 live-action remake, Maurice is played by Kevin Kline. He remains as an inventor, but makes music boxes to help Belle see the world from the comfort of home in the village of Villeneuve. He fled Paris and settled in the provinces with Belle when she was still a baby to protect the both of them from a plague that took the life of Belle's mother and Maurice's wife. True to the original story, Maurice is imprisoned by the Beast for taking a rose from his garden instead of being caught trespassing in the castle. Maurice returns to Villeneuve to find help, but only Gaston and LeFou are willing to do so. However, Gaston only wanted to help in order to get Maurice's blessing for his marriage to Belle. Knowing that Belle has no interest in marrying Gaston, Maurice refuses her hand, prompting Gaston to leave him to die at the hands of the wolves. The Enchantress, disguised as a villager named Agathe, rescues him and takes him back to Villeneuve. Upon his return, Maurice attempts to have Gaston arrested for attempted murder, but Gaston in turn declares him insane and has him committed to an insane asylum. Belle arrives back in time to vindicate Maurice, but both are locked in the asylum wagon while the whole village goes to kill the Beast. After Maurice and Belle make amends regarding Belle now understanding why Maurice was so overly protective of her, thanks to the Beast, Maurice uses his inventor skills to pick the lock on the wagon, allowing Belle to take Phillipe back to the Beast's castle while Maurice remains behind with the dumbfounded Monsieur D'Arque. At the end of the movie, Maurice is seen painting the ballroom dance as everyone celebrates.

text: He only makes a cameo in Beauty and the Beast: The Enchanted Christmas as one of the people listening to the story Mrs. Potts is telling, and makes his debut appearance in the Kingdom Hearts series in Kingdom Hearts χ.

text: Lumière

text:
Lumière

First appearance
Beauty and the Beast (1991)

Portrayed by
Henri Lubatti (Once Upon a Time)
Ewan McGregor (live-action film)

Voiced by
Jerry Orbach (films, House of Mouse)
Jeff Bennett (Kingdom Hearts II, theme parks)
Ewan McGregor (live-action film)
Masashi Ebara (Japanese)

text: Lumière is the Beast's kindhearted but rebellious maître d', Cogsworth's counterpart and rival. Because of the curse placed by the Enchantress, he was transformed into a candelabra. He allows Maurice to come into the castle to stay. Later, he and Cogsworth lure Belle to Maurice in hopes that she will break the spell. He suggests that Beast try and move her to a better room. Lumière tries to help Beast become more civil for Belle, and sometimes rebels against the Beast if it suits the other characters' needs (like allowing Belle to have dinner despite Beast's refusal to let them feed her). Later, after the Beast rescues Belle from more wolves, and Belle nurses the beast back to health, earning his affections in the process, Lumière, aware of what would impress such a voracious reader, astutely suggests that the Beast give Belle the castle's immense library as a gift, which has the desired effect. He also tries to help the Beast learn how to do the waltz. He is initially upset that Belle leaves the castle, but he remains optimistic at the same time, since he's still convinced that she'll break the spell. When he discovers that the castle is going to be invaded by Gaston's lynch mob, he plans the battle. He then decides to set up a trap where all of the furniture is in the foyer, and he gives the signal to attack. While he is unable to stop Gaston from deserting the battle to kill the Beast, Lumière saves Fifi the Featherduster from being plucked apart by a villager and is earlier himself saved from Le Fou by Cogsworth. He, Cogsworth and Mrs. Potts rush to aid the Beast who is fighting against Gaston, but arrive after the battle's end, when the Beast dies from a mortal wound from Gaston, who fell to his death from the West Wing. The spell breaks, however, reviving the Beast and returning Lumière and the others to their original forms. In the end, he gets into an argument with Cogsworth about who told who about Belle breaking the spell (it was Lumière).

text: In The Enchanted Christmas, he tries to help bring Christmas back into the castle (even if it means disobeying his Master to do so). Also, he and Cogsworth help get a Christmas tree with Belle upon Forte's suggestion (unaware of Forte's plan). When Forte decides to try to destroy the castle, he and Cogsworth try to save the rose.

text: He later appears in Kingdom Hearts II and Kingdom Hearts 358/2 Days as a supporting character in the Beast's Castle world. In 358/2 Days, he and Cogsworth serve as the castle's patrol guards, forcing Roxas, Xion and Xaldin to evade their sight during missions in that world, and in Kingdom Hearts II, he is locked in the dungeon by the Beast along with the other servants in an attempt to protect him by the Beast's rage, fueled by Xaldin, but he is freed by Sora, whom he helps by opening a secret passage out of the undercroft. He later plays a small role in the final battle against Xaldin.

text: Lumière is played by Scottish actor, Ewan McGregor in the live-action version of Beauty and the Beast. This depiction of Lumiere has him as a charismatic bouteiller who has been transformed into a human-shaped candelabra with a bronze human-like face, arms tipped with candles and legs to walk with as well. Despite the differences, Lumiere's design as a candelabra with three branches still remains only by shape shifting and can be self litten. He is lover of Plumette who has been transformed into a feather duster.

text: Cogsworth

text:
Cogsworth

First appearance
Beauty and the Beast (1991)

Portrayed by
Ian McKellen (live-action film)

Voiced by
David Ogden Stiers (film)
Ian McKellen (live-action film)
Kazuo Kumakura (Japanese)

text: Cogsworth is the Beast's tightly wound and extremely loyal Majordomo, and Lumière's counterpart and rival. When the Enchantress curses the Beast, he is transformed into a pendulum clock. He initially tries to stop the others from allowing Maurice to stay at the castle (as he knows the Beast would not approve), but ultimately gives in. When the Beast arrives, he tries to explain what happened, but the Beast is too angry to hear what happened. He tries to get Belle to come to dinner, but she refuses. When he reports to the Beast her refusal, he tries desperately to calm him down, as well as keep him calm when trying to get her to join him for dinner. He follows the Beast's orders to deny her dinner, but he eventually relents, telling them to at least keep the noise down. He is eventually swept up in the boisterous "Be Our Guest" number. Later he learns that the Beast let Belle go, much to his dismay. He then tells everyone the bad news, and seems resigned to his fate (as the rose is nearing the last petal). When the residents of the castle learn of the upcoming invasion, he tries to come up with a plan to stop the villagers, but the others leave him before he can finish. He later participates in the battle and saves Lumiere from Le Fou by sliding down the banister and prodding Le Fou's rear end with a pair of scissors. He, Lumiere and Mrs. Potts rush to aid the Beast who is fighting against Gaston, but arrive after the battle's end, when the Beast dies from a mortal wound from Gaston, who fell from the West Wing. The spell breaks, however, reviving the Beast and returning Cogsworth and the others to their original forms. In the end, he gets into an argument with Lumiere about who told who about Belle breaking the spell (it was Lumiere).

text: In The Enchanted Christmas, he is initially opposed to the idea of Christmas (mainly due to his master's opposition), but eventually decides that Christmas in the castle wouldn't be such a bad idea. He and Lumière try to help Belle find a Christmas tree under Forte's guidance, unaware of Avenant's plan. Later, when Avenant tries to destroy the castle, he attempts to save the rose.

text: He later appears in Kingdom Hearts: 358/2 Days and Kingdom Hearts II in his homeworld, Beast's Castle. In theformer, he serves as a patrol guard in the castle, and in the latter, he aids Sora in the brief fight against the Beast, under Xaldin's influence. He later plays a small role in the final battle against Xaldin.

text: Cogsworth is played by Sir Ian McKellen in the live-action version of Beauty and the Beast. This version has a wife named Clothilde. In the ending, he is reunited with Clothilde after he transforms back into a human, much to his dismay. It is revealed that this version's first name is Henry.[1] The 2017 live-action version of Cogsworth is older than the 1991 animated version.

text: Mrs. Potts

text:
Mrs. Potts

First appearance
Beauty and the Beast (1991)

Portrayed by
Emma Thompson (live-action film)

Voiced by
Angela Lansbury (first and second films)
Anne Rogers (Belle's Magical World)
Emma Thompson (live-action film)

text: Mrs. Potts is the castle's head of the kitchen, and has a loving, motherly feel. When the Enchantress curses the Beast, she is transformed into a teapot. In her first appearance, she helps Maurice get comfortable. She helps comfort Belle when she is made to stay at the castle in exchange for her father's freedom. Mrs. Potts also tries to help the Beast try to become more civil to Belle, although the efforts fall apart when Belle refuses to come to dinner. Later, Mrs. Potts entertains Belle when she's having dinner. When the Beast is wounded, she tries to tend to his wounds with Belle. After learning that there are invaders coming to the castle, she tries to get the Beast to do something, but he declines, still depressed about Belle leaving. She later participates in the battle of the castle by having the rest of the dishes pour hot liquid on the villagers.

text: In The Enchanted Christmas, she serves as the narrator of the tale. She later appears in Kingdom Hearts II in her homeworld, Beast's Castle. She aids Sora, Lumiere and Cogsworth in opening the secret passage out of the dungeons by extinguishing the darkness surrounding the lanterns with the help of Sora's Keyblade.

text: Angela Lansbury, who had been known for playing many "despicable" characters throughout her Broadway career, noted that in the aftermath of her film role as Mrs Potts, children no longer hid behind their parents in fear when around her, and instead treated her like a heroine.[2]

text: Mrs. Potts is portrayed by Emma Thompson in the live-action version of Beauty and the Beast. During the final battle, she recognizes the potter Mr. Potts among the villagers storming the castle and is reunited with him after she transforms back into a human. It is then revealed that her first name is Beatrice.

text: Chip Potts

text:
Chip Potts

First appearance
Beauty and the Beast (1991)

Portrayed by
Nathan Mack (live-action film)

Voiced by
Bradley Pierce (first film)
Haley Joel Osment (second film)
Gregory Grudt (Belle's Magical World)
Tress MacNeille (4 episodes of House of Mouse)
Nikita Hopkins (1 episode of House of Mouse)
Nathan Mack (live-action film)

text: Chip is the son of Mrs. Potts. As a result of the Enchantress' spell, he is transformed into a teacup, with a small crack on the rim. He befriends Belle and looks up to her. He gets admonished by his mother when he does a bubble trick to Belle and when he giggles at how the Beast handles a spoon. Also, he stows away when she has to leave the castle to save her father Maurice, and wants to find out why she left. He later frees Belle and Maurice, who are trapped in the cellar by Gaston, by commandeering Maurice's invention, an automatic firewood chopper, to break open the cellar door but destroying the invention in the process.

text: In Beauty and the Beast: The Enchanted Christmas, he is seen trying to open presents for Christmas. Also when Adam gives him a present, he's excited about it being a storybook. He helps Belle make a storybook to make the Beast feel better. Also, in the flashback depicting the Enchantress placing the spell on the castle ten years earlier, he is present as a child, implying that the spell stopped him and the other servants from aging during the ten-year period.

text: He cameos in Kingdom Hearts II.

text: In the live-action version of Beauty and the Beast, Chip is portrayed by Nathan Mack. He is transformed into a teacup with a matching saucer, often using the saucer to move around quickly (reminiscent of the droid BB-8 from Star Wars: The Force Awakens). When the Enchantress's curse on the kingdom is not broken in time, Chip and all the other castle servants lose their last vestiges of humanity and become completely inanimate. Before Chip drops to the ground lifeless (his saucer already shattering upon impact), his teacup form is saved at the last instant by an ailing Chapeau who is transformed into a lifeless coat rack. Shortly afterwards, the spell on the kingdom is broken and Chip along with the other servants are restored to their human forms. He and his mother are reunited with Mr. Potts.

text: Featherduster

text:
List of Disney's Beauty and the Beast characters

First appearance
Beauty and the Beast (1991)

Portrayed by
Gugu Mbatha-Raw (live-action film)

Voiced by
Kimmy Robertson (films, House of Mouse)
Gugu Mbatha-Raw (live-action film)

Aliases
Babette
Fifi
Plumette

text: The Featherduster is a maid of the castle, who is also Lumière's girlfriend. She is transformed into a feather duster as a cause of the Enchantress' spell. She appears in Beauty and the Beast and Belle's Magical World. She also makes a cameo in Beauty and the Beast: The Enchanted Christmas. There have been some changes to her name throughout the different shows produced; in the musical, she is called Babette; and in Belle's Magical World, she is called Fifi. In the 2017 live-action film, she is portrayed by Gugu Mbatha-Raw and is called Plumette and was transformed into a swan-shaped feather duster.

text: In the Belle's Magical World segment, "Fifi's Folly", Fifi misunderstands Belle as Lumière's new girlfriend when Belle helps him rehearse for his 5th Anniversary date with Fifi. However, in the end of the segment, Lumiere tells her he loves her after a series of events and they get back together again.

text: The Featherduster is voiced by Kimmy Robertson in the Beauty and the Beast and Belle's Magical World, but no actress is credited for her single line in The Enchanted Christmas. She also appeared in Disney's House of Mouse and Mickey's Magical Christmas: Snowed in at the House of Mouse, again voiced by Robertson but this time was called Babette.

text: Sultan

text:
Sultan

First appearance
Beauty and the Beast (1991)

Portrayed by
Gizmo (live-action film)

Voiced by
Frank Welker (animated films)

text: Sultan is the castle dog who was turned into a footstool when the Enchantress enacted her curse.

text: When Maurice first appeared at the castle, he is among those who meet him and tries to get Maurice to pet him. Then Sultan gets in front of Maurice so that he can put his feet up. During Belle's stay at the castle, Sultan plays in the snow and even gets hugged by Belle. At the time when Gaston leads the villagers into laying siege to the Beast's castle, Sultan takes part in the fight. When he is chased into the kitchen and cornered by LeFou and those with him, Chef Bouche and the knives help scare them off. After Belle broke the Enchantress' spell, Sultan was among those who were restored to normal.

text: In Beauty and the Beast: The Enchanted Christmas, Sultan is among those present when they hear Mrs. Potts' story about last Christmas.

text: In the live-action film, Sultan is renamed Frou-Frou and portrayed by Gizmo. He is apparently the Yorkshire Terrier of Madame Garderobe and Maestro Cadenza.

text: The Wardrobe

text:
Wardrobe

First appearance
Beauty and the Beast (1991)

Portrayed by
Audra McDonald (live-action film)

Voiced by
Jo Anne Worley
Audra McDonald (live-action film)

Aliases
Amoire
Grande Bouche
Garderobe

Title
Madame

text: The Wardrobe is a former opera singer, turned into a wardrobe. The character of Wardrobe was introduced by visual development person Sue C. Nichols to the then entirely male cast of servants, and was originally a more integral character named "Madame Armoire". Her role was later expanded upon and ultimately taken over by Mrs. Potts.[3] Wardrobe is known as "Madame de la Grande Bouche" in the stage adaptation of the film. Her stage name supposedly means "Mistress of the Big Mouth" in a semi-literal English translation. The Marvel Comics serial for the movie, taking place during the movie, referred to her status as an opera singer that performed even to the king.

text: She later appears in Kingdom Hearts II in her homeworld, Beast's Castle. In the game, she blocks Sora's way to the undercroft to free the servants from the dungeon, forcing Sora to push her out of the way while she is sleeping. As in the film, she is Belle's closest confidante in the castle after Lumiere.

text: In the 2017 live-action remake, the Wardrobe is portrayed by Audra McDonald and is known as Madame de Garderobe, wife of court composer, Maestro Cadenza, and also a well-respected opera singer. The Enchantress' curse separated her from her husband, and as the rose withered, she was prone to dozing off more often as she became more inanimate. After the Enchantress lifts the curse and restores everyone to human form, Garderobe is reunited with her husband and sings at the celebratory ball at the end of the film.

text: Le Fou

text:
Le Fou

First appearance
Beauty and the Beast (1991)

Portrayed by
Josh Gad (live-action film)

Voiced by
Jesse Corti

text: Le Fou (French for "The Madman", and also a phonetic pun on "The Fool") is a local villager who is Gaston's bumbling-but-loyal sidekick (and punching bag); he is often mistreated by Gaston, but he doesn't seem to mind. He seems unsure about Gaston marrying Belle (thinking that she and her father, Maurice, are "crazy"), but helps him anyway. During the attempted wedding, he acts as a conductor to signal the playing of a fast tempo version on "Here Comes the Bride". Later, when Gaston comes up with a plan to arrange for Maurice to be sent to the insane asylum to force Belle to marry him, they head to Belle's house, but both she and Maurice are gone. Gaston decides to have Le Fou stay near the house and let him know when they return, much to Le Fou's chagrin. After a while, when Belle brings Maurice home, Le Fou alerts Gaston so he can put his plan into action. After learning that the Beast exists, he accompanies Gaston and the rest of the lynch mob to the castle to kill the Beast singing "The Mob Song" with everybody. He picks up Lumière upon entering the castle, and Lumiere's signal begins the battle. During the battle, Le Fou attempts to kill Lumiere by waving a torch perilously close to Lumiere's head, but Cogsworth saves him by jabbing scissors hard in Le Fou's rear end. He is last seen escaping with the rest of the villagers.

text: It is left unknown if he knew Gaston died against the Beast, though it's possible that Gaston's absence from then on gave him that message.

text: In the beginning of The Enchanted Christmas, despite the rest of the villagers being invited to the castle for a Christmas party, Le Fou is not present.

text: In the movie, Le Fou was voiced by Venezuelan voice actor Jesse Corti, who also voiced Le Fou in the Spanish-language dub of the film, making Le Fou one of the few characters to share the same voice actor in two different dubs of the movie.

text: In the 2017 live-action adaptation, Le Fou is portrayed by Josh Gad. In the version with Gad, the character is gay, becoming the first homosexual in a Disney film.[4] In one deleted scene, Le Fou helped Gaston to break up the headmaster leading the villagers into destroying Belle's laundry invention by shooting the gun in the air twice with the second time having a cow accidentally killed. Unlike in the original 1991 animated film during the fight at the Beast's castle, he saves Mrs. Potts when she falls from the chandelier and switches sides to helping the Beast's servants after Gaston abandons him while he takes a beating from the servants. One deleted scene had him given a bad encounter with Monsieur Toilette which causes him to run out of the room he was in. In another deleted scene following the spell being broken, Le Fou runs into Monsieur Toilette's true form which identified from the bathroom smell. At the end of this version, he briefly dances with the (presumably gay) Stanley, who was also a friend and minion of Gaston's. In the 2017 version, Le Fou is thus a rounder character, with complex motivations.

text: Monsieur D'Arque

text:
Monsieur D'Arque

First appearance
Beauty and the Beast (1991)

Portrayed by
Adrian Schiller (live-action film)

Voiced by
Tony Jay

text: Monsieur D'Arque is the owner of the local madhouse or Asylum for Loons. Gaston bribes him to take part in a scheme to blackmail Belle into marrying him in which D'Arque will threaten to have Belle's rather eccentric father Maurice sent to the madhouse. After Belle returns from the Beast's castle, Monsieur D'Arque appears to collect Maurice as Gaston Le Fou, and most of the villagers are present. He is only seen in these two scenes, and his fate after the Beast's existence is revealed is left ambiguous.

text: He also appears in the 2017 version. He only appears after Gaston demands that Maurice be put into the asylum and also tries to lock up both Maurice and Belle on Gaston's orders while being told to make sure they don't get out. Monsieur D'Arque is dumbfounded when he discovers that the two had managed to escape. As Belle rides off, Maurice asks Monsieur D'Arque if he has children.

text: The Triplets

text:
Claudette, Laurette, and Paulette

First appearance
Beauty and the Beast (1991)

Portrayed by
Sophie Reid (Eliana)
Rafaëlle Cohen (Elise)
Carla Nella (Eloïse)

Voiced by
Kath Soucie (Paulette [1991 film]; all characters [subsequent appearances])
Mary Kay Bergman (Claudette and Laurette [1991 film])

text: The Triplets, also known as the "Bimbettes", are a trio of beautiful blonde women who fawn over Gaston. The real names of the girls are Claudette, who wears a red dress, Laurette, who wears yellow dress, and Paulette, who wears a green dress. They think Belle is crazy when they see her refusing Gaston's advances. They are also upset when Gaston decides to marry Belle, as they are seen crying when he is announcing that he will propose to Belle. They are later seen comforting and fawning over Gaston in the bar. They are not part of the mob who tries to kill the Beast. The end of the Gaston song implies that they acted as waitresses in the tavern due to Paulette being seen with a silver platter.

text: In the beginning of "The Enchanted Christmas," despite the rest of the villagers being invited to the castle for a Christmas party, the Triplets aren't present.

text: The triplets also appear in the Marvel Comics serial for Beauty and the Beast, which was set during Belle's stay at the castle. They are generally within the B-stories, where they try to sabotage Gaston's plans to marry Belle, with varying success.

text: In the Musical, their roles are the same, although they are given more dialogue and their role is expanded slightly.

text: They have made regular appearances on "Disney's House of Mouse." They are now all voiced by Kath Soucie (who had originally just voiced Paulette), due to Mary Kay Bergman's suicide by the time the show was made.

text: They also appear in the 2017 live-action remake. Although their overall roles were the same, they are in fact among the mob late in the film unlike in the 1991 original. In addition, the triplets were given a significantly different appearance, where they wore similarly-colored pink dresses, and possessed heavy makeup, a beauty spot, and brunette hair, as well as explicitly disliking Belle (Bill Condon and Rafaëlle Cohen both indicated the triplets' dislike of Belle dealt with their own mom neglecting them and doting on the latter). They are also depicted as being more haughty and vain. Their occupations also changed, acting as seamstresses in the remake. The three of them are among the villagers that accompany Gaston to the Beast's castle to kill the Beast where they end up fighting the servants. One deleted scene had the Triplets chasing Frou-Frou into the kitchen where Cuisiner throws food on them. It is left unknown if they knew Gaston died against the Beast, though it's possible that Gaston's absence from then on gave them that message. Lastly, they were also given significantly different names by their actresses, being Elise (portrayed by Rafaëlle Cohen), Eliana (portrayed by Sophie Reid), and Eloïse (portrayed by Carla Nella), though the names have not currently been officiated.

text: The Baker

text:
The Baker

First appearance
Beauty and the Beast (1991)

Portrayed by
Dale Branston

Voiced by
Alec Murphy

text: The Baker is the head of a bakery in the village that Belle lived in. He says good morning to Belle and asks where Belle is off to. When Belle states that she is on her way to the bookstore to return a book about a beanstalk and an ogre, the Baker quotes "That's nice" and shouts into the bakery for Marie to hurry up with the baguettes. The Baker later provides the birthday cake for Gaston's wedding proposal for Belle which doesn't go well. After Belle returned from the Beast's castle, the Baker is among the villagers gathered by Gaston at the time when Gaston as Monsieur D'Arque comes to collect Maurice. After Belle uses the Beast's mirror to show that the Beast exists, the Baker is among the villagers that accompany Gaston and Le Fou to the Beast's Castle to kill the Beast only for the villagers to be fended off by the transformed servants.

text: In the live-action film, Belle is seen during the first song buying one of the Baker's foods and his discussion to Belle was transferred to Jean Potts. The Baker was seen when the Headmaster had roused the villagers into destroying Belle's laundry invention after the Headmaster caught Belle teaching a girl how to read. Like the animated film, the Baker is among the villagers that accompany Gaston and Le Fou to the Beast's castle to kill the Beast only for the villagers to be fended off by the transformed servants.

text: The Bookseller

text:
The Bookseller

First appearance
Beauty and the Beast (1991)

Portrayed by
Ray Fearon (live-action film)

Voiced by
Alvin Epstein

text: The Bookseller is the owner of a small bookstore/library in the village that Belle lived in. He is one of a few villagers that are friendly to Belle. When Belle visits his place of work, the Bookseller states that he hasn't received any new books yet. He does allow Belle to keep the book that she has borrowed twice.

text: In the live-action film, the Bookseller is replaced with Père Robert who is Villeneuve's local chaplain. He encourages Belle to borrow the books in the chapel's meager library. He later helps Belle pick up some laundry when the cruel headmaster had some villagers throw them on the street after he discovered her trying to teach a young girl how to read. When Gaston has Monsieur D'Arque take Maurice to the Asylum after being accused for leaving him for dead, Père Robert insists that Maurice isn't insane and suggests that he be brought to a hospital. As Gaston leads the villagers to the Beast's castle with an intention to kill the Beast, Père Robert watched in horror as villagers furiously marched toward their destination while he defiantly remains behind and shuns himself from participating. After the spell that was cast by the Enchantress was broken, Père Robert was among those seen attending the ball.

text: The Enchantress

text:
The Enchantress

First appearance
Beauty and the Beast (1991)

Portrayed by
Hattie Morahan (live-action film)

Voiced by
Kath Soucie (second film)

text: The Enchantress is an off-screen, minor character, but she is responsible for the events in the story, as revealed in the prologue that it is she who curses Prince Adam as the Beast. She pays a visit to the castle one cold winter night and poses as an ugly, old peddler woman, offering a single rose for shelter. After being turned away by the prince twice, she reveals her true self (young and beautiful, yet cruel and hypocritical) and punishes him by transforming him into the Beast, his servants into objects, and his castle into a horrific version of itself laden with ugly gargoyles and grotesque statues. The Enchantress left the Beast with only two items, a magic mirror as the only window to the outside world, and the rose she had tried to give him. It turns out the rose is enchanted, working as an hourglass: it will bloom until his 21st birthday, when its petals will begin to fall. When the last petal falls, the prince will remain a Beast forever. The spell can only be broken if he can learn to love and receives love in return. Her spell is broken at the last second by Belle's confession of love for the Beast.

text: In The Enchanted Christmas, it is revealed that the Enchantress' visit that resulted in the curse occurred on Christmas Day, which resulted in Adam's dislike for the holiday. The Enchantress is voiced by Kath Soucie in the flashback scene of the film.

text: In the live-action version, the Enchantress is played by Hattie Morahan, who also serves as the narrator of the prologue. She came to a debutante ball disguised as a beggar woman (portrayed by Rita Davies) and offered a rose as payment for shelter from the storm. The Prince turned her away twice, prompting her to reveal her true self. She not only transformed the prince, his servants, and the castle, but erased the villagers' memory of the prince. Years later, she reappeared disguised as a hermit named Agathe. A deleted scene during the "Belle" song had Belle giving bread and jam to Agathe. She later tended to Maurice when Gaston left him for dead for the latter's refusal to hand Belle in marriage. Later, she came to the Beast's chamber while the Beast lay near death and overheard Belle profess her love for him despite it already being too late, as the last petal on the rose had fallen. She turned the rose into enchanted dust which revived the Beast and transformed both him and his servants into humans once again.

text: Phillipe

text:
Phillipe

First appearance
Beauty and the Beast (1991)

Portrayed by
Rusty (live-action film)

Voiced by
Hal Smith (original film)
Frank Welker (sequel)

text: Phillipe is a Belgian horse owned by Belle and Maurice. He is frightened of wolves and he emits a loud toot noise.

text: Chef Bouche

text:
Chef Bouche

First appearance
Beauty and the Beast (1991)

Portrayed by
Clive Rowe (live-action film)

Voiced by
Brian Cummings (first film)
Jim Cummings (third film)
Clive Rowe (live-action film)

text: Chef Bouche is the Beast's head chef who was transformed into a stove. He was disappointed that Beast cancelled dinner and he felt he had to throw away what he had made until Belle finally informed him, Lumière, Cogsworth and Mrs. Potts that she was hungry. When the villagers attacked the castle, he and the knives ended up scaring away the villagers that chased Sultan into the kitchen.

text: In the "Belle's Magical World" segment "Mrs. Potts' Party," Chef Bouche is instructed by Belle to bake a cake for Mrs. Potts. Even though he ran into difficulty, Chef Bouche succeeded in making the cake as he and the kitchen staff help Belle present it to Mrs. Potts.

text: In the live-action film, Chef Bouche was renamed Cuisiner. In addition to being changed into a stove, he also consists of various pots, pans, and other kitchen utensils as facial features and body parts. Cuisiner is shown preparing a dinner for Belle on Lumiere's orders without the Beast finding out. A deleted scene has Cuisiner taking part in the battle against the villagers where he throws molasses and feathers all over the Triplets that chased Frou Frou into the kitchen. In the same deleted scene where Le Fou had finished talking with Monsieur Toilette, Cuisiner is shown hugging a villager that he knows as Monsieur Toilette passes them. When the villager reacts to the hotness as a side effect of Cuisiner having been a stove, Cuisiner apologizes to the villager. The villager gives him a forgiveness gesture.

text: Coat Rack

text:
Coat Rack

First appearance
Beauty and the Beast (1991)

Portrayed by
Thomas Padden (live-action film)

text: The Coat Rack is an unnamed servant of the Beast who was turned into a coat rack that sports a green hat.

text: He was first seen amongst the castle's inhabitants welcoming Maurice and giving him a blanket to help him warm up. The Coat Rack was seen helping Beast get ready for his dance with Belle. When Gaston leads the villagers into raiding the castle, the Coat Rack is among the servants seen fighting the villagers where he boxes with one of the villagers.

text: In the live-action film, the Coat Rack has a larger role and is named Chapeau. He served as the Prince's aide (the junior novelization listed him as a valet) who was turned into a coat rack. When Maurice first enters the castle, he hands his coat on him. After Belle was frightened out of the West Wing by Beast, Chapeau tries to prevent Belle from leaving the castle. Chappeau later takes part in the fight against the villagers where he punches Le Fou. As the last petal falls, Chapeau catches Chip before being rendered inanimate like everyone else. After the spell is broken, Chapeau is restored to normal as he pulls his foot away from Frou-Frou who was urinating on it.

text: Palanquin

text:
Palanquin

First appearance
Beauty and the Beast (1991)

text: Palanquin is an unidentified servant transformed into a palanquin that resides at the Beast's castle. His name came from the comics.

text: After Belle agreed to take Maurice's place, Beast had Maurice loaded into Palanquin telling Maurice that Belle is no longer her concern. Beat then order Palanquin to drop Maurice back at the village. Palanquin did tha after ripping it's bindings off.

text: In The New Adventures of Disney's Beauty and the Beast comics, Mrs. Potts and Sultan enlist Palanquin to help rescue Beast and Chip when they fell off the castle into the ravine.

text: Introduced in Beauty and the Beast: The Enchanted Christmas

text: Forte

text:
Forte

First appearance
Beauty and the Beast: The Enchanted Christmas (1997)

Voiced by
Tim Curry

text: Forte is the composer of the castle and serves as the main antagonist of The Enchanted Christmas. When the Enchantress curses the Beast, he is transformed into a pipe organ. Unlike the other cursed denizens, he enjoys the new form that he has for its power, as he feels that he's more useful to the Beast in this form than as his human form. As such, he intends to sabotage the Beast and Belle's relationship to ensure that the spell is never broken. He also uses Fife the Piccolo to carry out his plan, promising him his own musical solo when he succeeds (though he never actually intends to give the solo to him). He tries to lure Belle away from the castle to get a Christmas tree in an area beyond a frozen lake. While she's away, Forte tells the Beast that Belle has abandoned him, thus fueling more anger into the Beast. He then proceeds to tell the Beast to destroy the Enchanted Rose, but the Beast ultimately decides not to when a rose petal lands on the storybook from Belle, thus allowing the Beast to regain his senses.

text: Enraged at this failure, and refusing to "fade away", he decides to destroy the entire castle with his music, as the Beast and Belle can't fall in love if they are both dead. He ultimately meets his end when the Beast rips out his keyboard and wrecks it, causing Forte to try to kill the Beast by lunging at him. He ends up being dislodged from the wall causing Forte to crash to the ground.

text: NOTE: When The Enchanted Christmas was originally conceived as a direct sequel to the first film, the character of Forte was written as Avenant, Gaston's vengeful younger brother who would also be determined to ruin Belle and Adam's lives before meeting his own end. Though plans for the sequel were scrapped, many of Avenant's characteristics were integrated into Forte.

text: Fife

text:
Fife

First appearance
Beauty and the Beast: The Enchanted Christmas (1997)

Voiced by
Paul Reubens

text: Fife is a resident of the castle. When the Enchantress curses the Beast, he is transformed into a piccolo. He is tricked by Forte into trying to sabotage the relationship under the promise of his own solo. Fife lures Belle into Forte's room for him to tell Belle where a suitable Christmas tree is located. However, shortly after she leaves, Forte tells Fife to follow her to the tree (presumably so he can cause the ice to break with his sound). Fife later regrets this action and decides to help Belle and Beast mend their relationship. Forte decides to destroy the castle and Fife tries to stop him. Forte reveals that he never intended to give him a musical solo (via expelling blank note sheets). No longer loyal to Forte, Fife tells the Beast that Forte's power comes from the keyboard and Beast uses this knowledge to depower him. In the ending of the movie (taking place in the present), Fife seems to have taken over Forte's job as the composer of the castle.

text: Angelique

text:
Angelique

First appearance
Beauty and the Beast: The Enchanted Christmas (1997)

Voiced by
Bernadette Peters

text: Angelica is the castle decorator. When the Enchantress curses the Beast, she transforms into a Christmas angel ornament. She initially opposes the idea of Christmas, but then reconsiders after Belle tells her the joys of Christmas. She later comforts Belle in the dungeon.

text: Introduced in Belle's Magical World

text: Webster

text:
Webster

First appearance
Belle's Magical World (1998)

Voiced by
Jim Cummings

text: Webster is the castle's scribe who was transformed into a dictionary by the Enchantress' spell. While he means well, he has a rather long tongue, often speaking out of the right moment. This leads to the other servants, particularly Lumiere and Cogsworth, to dislike him greatly. During the first segment of Belle's Magical World, he infuriates the Beast by giving unwanted synonyms to Belle's insults during a row leading the Beast to strike him. Wracked with guilt after Belle and the Beast stop speaking to each other, he forges a letter of apology from Belle with his two best friends Crane and LePlume. He is exiled from the castle when the Beast finds out, but amends are made after Belle brings him back.

text: Crane

text:
Crane

First appearance
Belle's Magical World (1998)

Voiced by
Jeff Bennett

text: Crane is a set of paper sheets that is one of Webster's friends.

text: LePlume

text:
LePlume

First appearance
Belle's Magical World (1998)

Voiced by
Rob Paulsen

text: LePlume is a quill that is one of Webster's friends.

text: Chandeleria

text:
Chandeleria

First appearance
Belle's Magical World (1998)

Voiced by
April Winchell

text: Chandeleria is a chandelier that resides in the Beast's castle.

text: Witherspoon

text:
Witherspoon

First appearance
Belle's Magical World (1998)

Voiced by
none

text: Witherspoon, interestingly, is the only one of Beast's servants who is not a household object. In contrast, he is an intelligent pigeon in charge of delivering the Beast's messages to the village for placing orders or anything similar. While it is possible that he was already a pigeon before the Enchantress placed the spell on the castle, his previously being a human servant may be the only possible explanation of his capability of understanding English with no apparent problem.

text: Introduced in the live-action film

text: Maestro Cadenza

text:
Maestro Cadenza

First appearance
Beauty and the Beast (2017)

Portrayed by
Stanley Tucci (live-action film)

Voiced by
Stanley Tucci

text: Exclusive to the 2017 live-action film, Maestro Cadenza is the husband to the opera singer Madame de Garderobe and is the castle's court composer. At the time of his servitude to the Prince, Cadenza was suffering from dental problems. Cadenza is turned into a harpsichord by the Enchantress' spell on the castle, while his wife is turned into a wardrobe. As a result, when he tries to play, he makes the occasional sour note due to the cavities in his teeth, but struggles through the pain in hopes of returning to his human form and reuniting with his wife.

text: When the villagers raid the castle, Cadenza takes part in the fight where he bodyslams LeFou and fires his remaining keys as a form of hailing bullets at the villagers but not long before Lumière scares the villagers off by lighting one of the gunpowder puddles on the castle floor causing it to spark and forcing the villagers to retreat in humiliation. When the spell is broken, Cadenza is finally reunited with Garderobe and gets his lost teeth replaced. He performs his music at the ball at the end of the movie.

text: Jean Potts

text:
Jean Potts

First appearance
Beauty and the Beast (2017)

Portrayed by
Gerard Horan

text: Jean Potts is an absent-minded potter who resides in the village of Villeneuve and is one of a few villagers that are friendly to Belle. He is depicted as the husband of Mrs. Potts where he lost the memory of it when the Enchantress' spell is cast. Jean is first seen greeting Belle and comments the book she described as boring. Jean Potts is later seen in the tavern where Le Fou is trying to cheer up Gaston and when Maurice later came in accusing Gaston of leaving him for dead. Jean is among the villagers who assist Gaston in the attack on the Beast's castle. During the fight between the servants and the villagers, Mrs. Potts recognized her husband. When the spell is broken, Jean is reunited with his family and later dances with his wife at the ball.

text: Clothilde

text:
Clothilde

First appearance
Beauty and the Beast (2017)

Portrayed by
Haydn Gwynne

text: Clothilde is a villager and fishmonger who is the wife of Cogsworth. When the Enchantress casts her spell, she loses the memory of her husband. During the opening song, Clothilde was shown selling some fish while trying to buy some eggs. Clothilde is among the villagers that assist the Headmaster into destroying her laundry machine and throwing Belle's laundry on the street after the Headmaster caught Belle trying to teach a young girl how to read. She is among the villagers that join Gaston in the attack on Beast's castle. When the spell is broken, Clothilde is happily reunited with her husband even though Cogsworth is originally quite horrified when Clothilde recognizes him. The two of them are later seen dancing at the ball.

text: Monsieur Toilette

text:
Monsieur Toilette

First appearance
Beauty and the Beast (2017)

Portrayed by
Stephen Merchant

text: Monsieur Toilette is a servant of the Beast who was turned into a toilet. His scene was cut from the film, but is featured in the deleted scenes.[5]

text: In the first deleted scene, Le Fou tries to take refuge in a room during the villagers' fight with the servants only to have a frightful encounter with Monsieur Toilette. In another deleted scene after the spell is broken, Le Fou encounters Monsieur Toilette in his human form who he identifies from the bathroom smell and was shown in a traumatized/relieved stated. When Le Fou asks him what he is going to do now, Monsieur Toilette states that he's going to go brush his teeth. He walks away pleased that he is human again as he passes by Cuisiner and a villager.

text: Cast

text:
Character
Beauty and the Beast (1991)
The Enchanted Christmas (1997)
Belle's Magical World (1998)
Mickey's Magical Christmas: Snowed in at the House of Mouse (2001)
House of Mouse (2001-2002)
Beauty and the Beast (2017)

Belle
Paige O'Hara
Jodi Benson
Emma Watson

Beast/Prince
Robby Benson
Dan Stevens

Gaston
Richard White

Richard White
Luke Evans

Lumière
Jerry Orbach
Maurice LaMarche
Jerry Orbach
Ewan McGregor

Cogsworth
David Ogden Stiers
Ian McKellen

Mrs. Potts
Angela Lansbury
Anne Rogers
Silent role
Emma Thompson

Chip
Bradley Pierce
Haley Joel Osment
Gregory Grudt
Silent Role
Tress MacNeille
Nathan Mack

Maurice
Rex Everhart
Silent Role

Corey Burton
Kevin Kline

Le Fou
Jesse Corti

Cameo
Josh Gad

Wardrobe
Jo Anne Worley
(unnamed)

Jo Anne Worley
(unnamed)

Silent Role
Audra McDonald
(as Madame de Garderobe)

Featherduster
Kimmy Robertson
(unnamed)
Cameo
Kimmy Robertson
(as Fifi)
Silent Role
Kimmy Robertson
(as Babette)
Gugu Mbatha-Raw
(as Plumette)

Enchantress
Silent role
Kath Soucie

Hattie Morahan

Monsieur D'Arque
Tony Jay

Adrian Schiller

Maestro

Tim Curry
(as Forte)

Stanley Tucci
(as Cadenza)

Chef
Brian Cummings
(unnamed)

Jim Cummings
(as Bouche)

Clive Rowe
(as Cuisinier)

Bookseller
Alvin Epstein

Ray Fearon
(as Pere Robert)

Fife

Paul Reubens

Angelique

Bernadette Peters

Webster

Jim Cummings

Le Plume

Rob Paulsen

Crane

Jeff Bennett

Chandeleria

April Winchell

Bimbettes
Mary Kay Bergman
Kath Soucie

Kath Soucie
Sophie Reid
Rafaëlle Cohen
Carla Nella

Jean Potts

Gerard Horan

Clothilde

Haydn Gwynne

Coat Rack
Silent role
(unnamed)

Thomas Padden
(as Chappeau)

Phillipe
Hal Smith
Frank Welker

Rusty

Footstool
Frank Welker
(as Sultan)

Frank Welker
(as Sultan)
Gizmo
(as Froufrou)


document_title: Young India

question_text: who wrote the magazine young india in 1931

text: Young India

text: Young India was a weekshed - a weekly paper or journal - in English published by Mohandas Karamchand Gandhi from 1919 to 1931.[1] Gandhi wrote various quotations in this journal that inspired many. He used Young India to spread his unique ideology and thoughts regarding the use of nonviolence in organising movements and to urge readers to consider, organise, and plan for India's eventual independence from Britain.

text: In 1933 Gandhiji started publishing a weekly newspaper, Harijan, in English. Harijan - which means "People of God", and was also Gandhi's term for the untouchable caste - lasted until 1948. During this time Gandhi also published Harijan Bandu in Gujarati, and Harijan Sevak in Hindi. All three papers focused on India's and the world's social and economic problems.[2]

text: The journal was reprinted in USA by the India Home Rule League of America.