document_title: The Ranch (TV series)

question_text: who plays joanne on the ranch season 2

question_tokens: who plays joanne on the ranch season 2

text: The Ranch (TV series)

text: Cast[edit]

text: Main[edit]

text:
Ashton Kutcher as Colt Reagan Bennett, a former high school and college football star who pursued a professional career with mixed success, and returns to his hometown after a fifteen-year absence so that he can take part in a tryout with a semi-pro team. He ultimately stays to help his father and older brother on their family ranch. Colt is frequently the butt of their jokes, particularly when it comes to his ranching skills (or lack thereof) and his disappointing pro football career.  He is a heavy drinker and has a penchant for not using common sense, but he seems to have a heart of gold and tries to do right by others. Based on his various T-shirts and dialogue throughout the first season, it's implied that Colt has played for the Barcelona Dragons, San Jose SaberCats, Spokane Shock, Orlando Predators, Nebraska Danger, Iowa Barnstormers, Green Bay Blizzard, Minnesota Axemen, Portland Forest Dragons and Philadelphia Soul. Dialogue also states that he was a member of teams in Canada, notably the fictional Saskatoon Cold ("Like the Miami Heat... only cold") and Alaska, as well as that he was in the practice squad of the Buffalo Bills. He also states in the first episode he was the back up of the back up of the back up for Florida State and won the championship in 1999. He is currently married to Abby and is expecting a baby girl with her.
Danny Masterson as Jameson “Rooster” Ford Bennett, Colt's older brother. He has lived and worked on the ranch since Colt left to follow his football career, at times showing a bitter attitude for the burden of responsibility this caused him. Despite living in Colt's shadow he is far more competent on the ranch as well as a more level headed thinker. He has, however, been just as irresponsible as Colt, drinking too much and sleeping around. (seasons 1–3)
Debra Winger as Margaret "Maggie" Bennett, owner of Maggie's, and Colt and Rooster's mother. Maggie is divorced from Beau and lives in a trailer behind the bar she owns. Much more lighthearted and caring than Beau, her company and advice is often sought out by the boys on how to deal with problems, especially those concerning their father. Maggie is something of a hippie and is an avid marijuana smoker.
Elisha Cuthbert as Abigail "Abby" Phillips-Bennett, a Garrison High School history teacher and Colt's high school sweetheart and current wife. Abby was in a five-year relationship with Kenny and was briefly engaged to him, but ultimately she broke it off and hooked back up with Colt. She and Colt are now married and are expecting a baby girl. (recurring, season 1; main cast, season 2–present)
Sam Elliott as Beau Roosevelt Bennett, Maggie's ex-husband, and Colt and Rooster's father. A Vietnam War veteran, he has worked the ranch since returning from the war and taking it over after his father died. He is difficult to get along with, perpetually annoyed with everyone and everything. He has an estranged relationship with Rooster and Colt. He detests many modern amenities and is easily angered by his sons' antics. Beau appears to be a Republican with a special affinity for Ronald Reagan but at times seems to despise all politicians regardless of affiliation.

text: Recurring[edit]

text:
Barry Corbin as Dale Rivers, a hearing-impaired veterinarian and close friend of Beau's
Grady Lee Richmond as Hank, a regular Maggie's patron
Bret Harrison as Kenneth "Kenny" Ballard, a Courtyard by Marriott manager and Abby's ex-fiancé
Megyn Price as Mary Roth, a Cracker Barrel waitress and Rooster's older girlfriend
Kelli Goss as Heather Roth, Mary's younger daughter and Colt's ex-girlfriend, was pregnant with their child.
Molly McCook as Darlene Roth, Mary's older daughter
Kathy Baker as Joanne, a Cracker Barrel waitress, Mary's friend, and potential new love interest for Beau
Ethan Suplee as "Beer Pong Billy" Tompkins, a police officer and high school friend of Colt and Rooster's
Aimee Teegarden as Nikki, Heather's friend and Billy's fiancée
Chasty Ballesteros as Tanya Showers, a sexy weather reporter and Kenny's current girlfriend
Laura Vallejo as Maria, a Maggie's waitress
Sharon Lawrence as Brenda Sanders, a widowed hairdresser who befriended Beau when he and Maggie separated
Maggie Lawson as Jen the engineer, who wants to build a pipeline underneath the Bennett Ranch and Rooster love interest.
Wendie Malick as Lisa Neumann, owner of Neumann's Hill

text: Special Guests[edit]

text:
Jon Cryer as Bill Jensen, a loan officer and former high school football referee (Seasons 1-2)
Wilmer Valderrama as Umberto, a former Iron River ranch hand, former employee of Neumann's Hill at the My Little Pony Ranch. He is Rooster and Colt's friend. Currently deported. (Seasons 1-2)
Martin Mull as Jerry, Maggie's sometimes acid-tripping attorney
John Amos as Ed Bishop, a longtime family friend of the Bennetts and a Neumann's Hill employee (Seasons 1-2)
Thomas F. Wilson as Coach Fitzgerald, the Garrison High School head football coach (Season 1)
Debra Jo Rupp as Janice Phillips, Abby's mother (Seasons 2-3)
Jim Beaver as Chuck Phillips, Abby's father, who like Janice is disdainful of Abby's relationship with Colt (Seasons 2-3)
Conchata Ferrell as Shirley (Season 2)
Lou Diamond Phillips as Clint, a traveling musician attracted to Maggie (Season 2)
Kurtwood Smith as Sam Peterson, neighbor of the Iron River Ranch (Seasons 2-3)
Nancy Travis as Karen, Maggie's estranged sister (Season 3)

text: Cameos[edit]

text:
Joe Firstman
Pearl Charles
Kurt Neumann
Bukka Allen
Sam Hawksley
Thomas Rhett

text: Episodes[edit]

text: Series overview[edit]

text: SeasonEpisodesOriginally released12010April 1, 2016 (2016-04-01)10October 7, 2016 (2016-10-07)22010June 16, 2017 (2017-06-16)10December 15, 2017 (2017-12-15)320[14]10June 15, 2018 (2018-06-15)10TBA

text: Season 1 (2016)[edit]

text:
No.overallNo. inseasonTitleDirected byWritten byOriginal release datePart 1
11"Back Where I Come From"David TrainerDon Reo & Jim PattersonApril 1, 2016 (2016-04-01)
Beau comes home to a surprise visit from Colt, who is in transit for a tryout with a semi-pro team in Denver after being sacked by the Saskatoon Colds. Beau scolds Colt for not helping out on the ranch, a promise he made six years ago. Beau, Colt and Rooster meet Maggie at her bar, but Colt invites Heather, one of the patrons, to have sex. Beau asks Colt to help with giving birth to a stillborn calf, which is eventually saved when Colt gives it CPR. Colt learns that Beau is having a hard time managing the ranch, because of an extensive drought and having only Rooster to help with the work. Colt makes the team, but tells his father he didn't, and offers to stay and help with the ranch. The drought breaks, and the Bennetts reunite at home.
22"Some People Change"David TrainerStory by : Don Reo & Jim Patterson Teleplay by : Matt Ross & Max SearleApril 1, 2016 (2016-04-01)
Colt gets into a heated argument with Beau and Rooster as they make him do the dirty work on the barn and for not sparing him dinner. Colt seeks consolation with his mom at Maggie's and bumps into Abby, his high school sweetheart, and her boyfriend, Kenny, who used to play band in the same school. Abby comes into the Bennetts' house that night to meet Colt and confesses her love for Kenny. Feeling depressed, Colt comes up late to the barn the next day and seeks refuge in his mother's trailer after he refuses to make Beau coffee. Beau tries to reason for being pushy to him as "to prepare him for the rest of his life" while Maggie is upset with him for being stubborn and running away from problems - a personality trait shared with her then-husband. Colt comes back home the next morning and makes breakfast for Rooster and Beau.
33"The Boys of Fall"David TrainerStory by : Steve Tompkins & Nathan Chetty Teleplay by : Jim Patterson & Jamie RhonheimerApril 1, 2016 (2016-04-01)
Beau breaks his back while attempting to play football with Colt and Rooster. At Maggie's, the family plays a prank at Beau for refusing to go to the doctor and sees Kenny as he offers Colt to give a speech at the Garrison high school football team spaghetti dinner. Colt meets Garrison's quarterback and coach, but his egoistical storytelling of how he led the school to win the state championship earns himself disrespect. Abby refuses to come back after Colt questions her coming to his house despite dating Kenny. Devastated, he humiliates himself at the speech, to the disgust of the audience. Driving a tractor while drunk, he is driven home by a police who is his high school friend, Billy. At breakfast, Beau diagnoses Colt of not yet finding out who he wants to be. Meanwhile after having a hard day at work, Beau eventually sees a doctor. A medical check-up shows him that he has high blood pressure and is advised to give up red meat and alcohol which are his stress relieves.
44"Got a Little Crazy"David TrainerStory by : Don Reo & Jim Patterson Teleplay by : Steve Tompkins & Nikki SchiefelbeinApril 1, 2016 (2016-04-01)
Colt reluctantly follows Rooster to Maggie's due to his fear of bumping into Abby. Colt apologizes to Abby and agrees to respect her relationship with Kenny. Heather walks in with Nikki and plans a party with them, Kenny, Billy, and Rooster. Colt vents his fury at Rooster for hearing Abby scorning Heather for being much younger than her. While being drunk, Abby admits that she thinks Colt deserves a better girlfriend and tries to make an advance on him. Rooster's advance on Nikki fails as she falls for Billy. Meanwhile, Maggie invites Beau to spend the night at the Telluride Marriott as the winner of a raffle price at the spaghetti dinner. Maggie creates a rift between her and Beau, blaming him for not understanding her. Beau apologizes for being too busy with the ranch and leaving the kids to Maggie.
55"American Kids"David TrainerStory by : Matt Ross & Max Searle Teleplay by : Don Reo & Jeff LowellApril 1, 2016 (2016-04-01)
Beau picks Colt as his hunting partner in opening day, to the disappointment of Rooster who has always been picked. To cheer him up, Maggie decides to accompany him hunting on the same day. That morning, Colt admits to losing Rooster's hunting hat while being drunk, as a revenge for using up all the hot water for his shower yesterday morning. Colt's perpetual complaint about Rooster causes Beau and Rooster to switch huts. Rooster complains to Colt for abandoning the family, leaving him no choice but to stay at the ranch; Colt tells Rooster that he actually chose to stay instead of doing anything else. Beau and Maggie decides to get home together, leaving Rooster and Colt to walk home in the rain at night. The next day, Colt returns Rooster's hat but is told he is actually stealing someone else's.
66"Better as a Memory"David TrainerStory by : Jamie Rhonheimer & Jeff Lowell Teleplay by : Don Reo & Nathan ChettyApril 1, 2016 (2016-04-01)
At Maggie's, Abby apologizes to Colt for being drunk while at his house party as Colt continues teasing her for trying to kiss him. Heather drops by and Colt agrees to have sex with her at Maggie's trailer, causing a fire at one of the drapes. Colt invites Maggie to stay at the family ranch, but Beau distances himself from her. The following night, Maggie successfully makes Beau warm up to her by dancing and taking a shower together. The next day, Abby delivers a replacement drape for the trailer when she meets Colt who is looking for gift ideas for Heather's birthday. Beau invites Maggie to stay but she declines. Colt surprises Heather and she thinks their relationship is more than just sex partners.
77"I Can't Go There"David TrainerStory by : Matt Ross & Max Searle Teleplay by : Jim Patterson & Nathan ChettyApril 1, 2016 (2016-04-01)
Beau is still deeply upset after Maggie declines his invitation to stay at the ranch. Abby drops by at Maggie's and gives relationship advice to Colt because of his immaturity while summoning Heather to meet him with his phone. Colt asks to break up but continues having sex with her. One of the calves is ill and Beau doesn't listen to Rooster's advice to give it antibiotics, though he ultimately relents. Maggie visits Beau but his full attention to the sick calf instead of her causes Maggie to storm out in anger. Heather and Colt drive to his home to have sex, but first she meets Beau at the barn where they both share their same background of being a 4-H and raising calves. Maggie eventually returns to reconcile with Beau, only to be asked for a divorce. The calf unfortunately didn't survive, so Colt asks Rooster and Beau to bury it that night.
88"Til It's Gone"David TrainerStory by : Steve Tompkins & Steve Leff Teleplay by : Jamie Rhonheimer & Matt RossApril 1, 2016 (2016-04-01)
Colt's stray bullet while shooting a bottle causes a window and TV to break. Beau decides to apply for a loan due to dwindling finances on the ranch, which was turned down for being risky. Hearing the news, Beau cuts off the electricity. After talking to Colt, Maggie offers to be the collateral but Beau declines. Beau accuses Colt for telling Maggie about the difficult situation, for being a spendthrift and for not helping the ranch; he fires back at him for being stubborn while asking for his kids to change. Beau meets Maggie again and ultimately lets her help the family. Meanwhile, Colt accuses the banker of making a false call during one of the games that cost him his championship. But on separate occasions, his parents agree with the banker that he fell short of a touchdown.
99"There Goes My Life"David TrainerStory by : Don Reo & Jim Patterson Teleplay by : Max Searle & Nathan ChettyApril 1, 2016 (2016-04-01)
Heather offers Rooster to go for a blind date with her sister, Darlene, whose boyfriend left after she gives birth. The date goes unsuccessfully as Darlene storms out after seeing her ex's photos. After taking Darlene home, Rooster has sex with their mom, Mary, much to the astonishment of Colt. Colt storms out to Mary the next day and Heather asks him to respect their relationship. Maggie comes home and asks Beau to go to counseling together, which also went awry as Beau storms out. Beau consults with Dale the next day and tells him to put up things that annoy him for something he loves. That night, he apologizes to Maggie. Meanwhile, Kenny proposes to Abby at Cracker Barrel as Colt witnesses.
1010"Down the Road"David TrainerStory by : Don Reo & Jim Patterson & Nathan Chetty Teleplay by : Matt Ross & Max SearleApril 1, 2016 (2016-04-01)
Beau continues holding out on selling the cattle out of fear of making a loss, while the ranch remains without electricity. Maggie tells Beau during his visit that she would like to come back to the ranch. Colt admits his astonishment, but not his heartbroken feelings, of Abby's proposal while she visits. As he tells all his concerns to Heather, she leaves him in anger. Rooster goes overboard over dating with Mary and asks him to date her more maturely. A nearby river spilled poisonous sewage affecting the local ranches; to the Bennetts' luck, their ranch is spared and eventually they can sell their cattle at a profit. At the ranch party, Heather successfully reconciles with Colt and promises to be honest with each other. Beau admits his love for the boys and gives Colt his championship ring. He then visits Maggie's to help her moving but sees her trailer is gone. Abby has doubts about marrying Kenny and tells Colt.
Part 2
111"Gone as a Girl Can Get"David TrainerStory by : Steve Tompkins & Jeff Lowell Teleplay by : Don Reo & Jim PattersonOctober 7, 2016 (2016-10-07)
Abby implicitly tells Colt she wants to get back with him. Beau is deeply hurt because Maggie leaves, burns Maggie's stuff and is hostile with Colt and Rooster. Heather visits Colt but breaks up after he inadvertently says that he favors Abby over her. Colt visits Abby, only to be told she is staying with Kenny, yet ends up with them kissing each other. Beau admits he still loves Maggie as he attempts to blanket her plants from frost.
122"Living and Living Well"David TrainerStory by : Matt Ross & Max Searle Teleplay by : Jamie Rhonheimer & Nathan ChettyOctober 7, 2016 (2016-10-07)
Abby confesses her rekindled feelings with Colt and asks him not to tell anyone. He ends up telling Rooster. Beau gives them allowance. Ed, a longtime friend, visits Beau and convinces him to sell the ranch to Neumann's Hill, a corporation which buys cattle from ranchers for a fixed price and had acquired one of the ranches in the state. Rooster and Colt convinces Beau to sell the ranch, much to his fury who fears of losing his family's legacy. Billy sells his rudimentary truck to Colt and Rooster in order to buy a ring for Nikki; he accidentally says about proposing her while showing the truck to them, in which she says yes.
133"Sittin' on the Fence"David TrainerStory by : Don Reo & Jeff Lowell Teleplay by : Jim Patterson & Steve TompkinsOctober 7, 2016 (2016-10-07)
Mary invites Beau and Rooster to have dinner at Cracker Barrel where she works. She intends to set Beau up with Joanne, one of the waitresses. Colt dropped bags of flour, instead of flowers, at Abby's home and she laughs about it at Maggie's. At her date with Kenny, Colt tries to flirt with her. Frightened, she leaves with Kenny. Mary invites Joanne to dinner at the ranch but Beau scorns the latter for their stark differences. The next evening however, they see each other again to chat over dessert. Maggie comes back and sees the two.
144"Let's Fall to Pieces Together"David TrainerStory by : Jamie Rhonheimer & Nikki Schiefelbein Teleplay by : Matt Ross & Steve LeffOctober 7, 2016 (2016-10-07)
Beau still holds a grudge for Maggie leaving him; the boys beg him to see her. At the bar, Heather walks by and reconciles with Colt, while Beau meets Maggie. Maggie says that she ran away because she is afraid of reconciling with him by staying in and asks him to live nomadic with her. Joanne comes back and helps Beau decide between Maggie and the ranch. Beau decides to stay and with a heavy heart calls for a divorce. Rooster sets up Abby to talk with Colt at the ranch. Abby ultimately breaks off with Kenny. Heather sees the two and the girls, heartbroken, leave Colt. Colt unsuccessfully reconciles with Abby.
155"I Know She Still Loves Me"David TrainerStory by : Don Reo & Jim Patterson Teleplay by : Jeff Lowell & Max SearleOctober 7, 2016 (2016-10-07)
The next morning, Colt tries again to reconcile with Abby and successfully asks her for a date. At the bar, Kenny sits with Colt and Rooster when the latter plans a guys' night party at the bar with themselves to erase Kenny's heartbroken feelings. After that, they break into Abby's classroom. A bride and groom figurine Kenny gave to Abby entices him to get back to her. Colt admits his hookup with her, making Kenny furious. Abby has doubts about her relationship but Colt convinces her. Jerry, the family's lawyer, attempts to settle in the divorce of Beau and Maggie but her terms on giving her share of the ranch to the boys turns him off. Despite the divorce eventually going on, she comes back to the ranch to justify this as a way for them to bear more responsibility. That night, Beau delegates the upcoming herd insemination to them.
166"Easy Come, Easy Go"David TrainerStory by : Matt Ross & Max Searle Teleplay by : Don Reo & Nathan ChettyOctober 7, 2016 (2016-10-07)
Colt and Rooster tries to satisfy Beau by doing the insemination themselves; he tells them they are doing it wrong while still letting them off. From Dale's inspection, they only successfully made one cow pregnant, much to Beau's dissatisfaction. Maggie tells Beau to give them a chance. The next day however, Beau takes the duty back from them. Abby's mom has an accident and Colt visits her. At the hospital, Colt sees Kenny hugging Abby; Colt fights with her over this at her home. Colt demands her to depend on him only as she says Kenny was coming as a friend, but not before lying about him not being there. Kenny, still mad at Colt, still considers Abby as her fiance.
177"I've Come to Expect It from You"David TrainerStory by : Jim Patterson & Jamie Rhonheimer Teleplay by : Steve Tompkins & Jeff LowellOctober 7, 2016 (2016-10-07)
Colt invites Abby into their first date since getting back together at a laundromat where stood Rick's Arcade, where they went on their first date. They have sex later and read together at her house. Colt tries to read a book to satisfy Abby but the next night buys her a TV. Colt is concerned about his differences with Abby but she tells him they complete each other. Rooster, still upset, vents to Maggie; she tells him to just let it go. Maggie storms back to the ranch to hand him the divorce papers and scold Beau for agreeing with her about teaching the boys yet doesn't adopt it. Upon Dale's inspection that Beau does the insemination job well, the boys leave him. Joanne stops by and illustrates her distant relationship with her daughter to tell him that maintaining a relationship is more important than just being right. Ed invites Rooster to work for him at another ranch.
188"The Cowboy Rides Away"David TrainerStory by : Nikki Schiefelbein & Nathan Chetty Teleplay by : Jim Patterson & Steve LeffOctober 7, 2016 (2016-10-07)
Beau apologizes to the boys for not trusting them enough. Rooster dismisses Ed's offer as Maggie suggests otherwise. He visits Ed's farm and meets Umberto, his farm's former caretaker. The two reunite with Colt and Abby at the bar. Rooster tells about the offer to the disbelief of Colt and then gets passive-aggressive with Beau. When Colt storms into Maggie, she defends her decision in order to make Rooster happy and that he paid for Colt's plane ticket for a Barcelona Dragons tryout as a way of supporting him. Colt eventually lets Rooster take the job. He tells this to Beau as he thanked him for his help so far. Beau leaves out of his sight in disbelief.
199"Leavin's Been Comin' (For a Long, Long Time)"David TrainerStory by : Jamie Rhonheimer & Steve Tompkins Teleplay by : Don Reo & Jeff LowellOctober 7, 2016 (2016-10-07)
Despite Rooster's new job starting in two weeks, Beau kicks him out and he moves to Mary's. Maggie reveals to him that she set up Rooster's job offer with Ed as a way to make him more mature and earn more money. After hearing Umberto's revelation about giving money to his family while staying poor, Colt requests Beau to communicate with Rooster. At another date, Abby allows Colt to come to her house at anytime. Beau tries to settle in the paper with Maggie but their lawyer gives up due to the disagreement with Maggie's call of selling her share of the ranch to her kids, in which Beau demands Rooster be left out. Rooster offers Colt to work on the new ranch but he declines.
2010"Merry Christmas (Wherever You Are)"David TrainerStory by : Don Reo & Jim Patterson Teleplay by : Matt Ross & Max SearleOctober 7, 2016 (2016-10-07)
Colt and Abby think ahead of their future as a soon-to-be family. Colt tells to Beau he is staying but Beau wants to sell the ranch due to his disagreement with the divorce terms. Mary asks Rooster not to invite Umberto anymore as he fails to babysit her daughters' babies. Maggie agrees that Rooster's name be left out after he agrees. Beau and Maggie finally sign the newly drafted divorce paper containing the terms. At a Christmas party in the bar, Colt gives Abby's family the Broncos' playoff tickets as they witness Kenny date local weather presenter Tanya Showers. Mary catch Umberto and Darlene having sex at the bar and gives them her blessing. Joanne visits Beau and give each other hats of each other's car brand that they hate. Joanne is finally granted to see her daughter and granddaughter. Beau finally comes to the bar as the party is over. The kids give Maggie animal tap handlers symbolizing their nicknames and an old family picture. Colt gives Beau Ugg boots and he gives back a hug. Beau gives Rooster Grandpa's knife but he still cannot warm up to Beau, telling him he does not appreciate him enough. When Colt is about to head out to propose to Abby, Heather is waiting outside to announce her pregnancy with his child.

text: Season 2 (2017)[edit]

text:
No.overallNo. inseasonTitleDirected byWritten byOriginal release datePart 3
211"My Next Thirty Years"David TrainerStory by : Don Reo & Jim Patterson Teleplay by : Matt Ross & Max SearleJune 16, 2017 (2017-06-16)
Colt reacts to Heather's pregnancy with disbelief. As Beau is drunk and goes home with Maggie, Colt tells nothing about the pregnancy. Beau invites Maggie to stay in for the night but she declines as she tells them they are already divorced. She wants Beau to remain hopeful that Rooster will come back. At Mary's, Darlene is upset because her ex-boyfriend Luke gives nothing for their son for Christmas. Rooster steals a bike for him. Colt is summoned to Abby's to meet her parents and go to church together. Colt interacts awkwardly with them. On Christmas Day, Beau gives Colt a book of newspaper articles about his football career. Colt breaks Heather's pregnancy to Beau and Beau asks him to do whatever it takes for his future child regardless of his readiness. Beau breaks the news to Maggie with a bottle of wine they promised to open when they have their first grandchild. Colt wishes to propose Heather as she says she wants to abort the baby.
222"Things Change"David TrainerStory by : Steve Tompkins & Jeff Lowell Teleplay by : Jamie Rhonheimer & Nathan ChettyJune 16, 2017 (2017-06-16)
Heather confesses she doesn't love Colt. He then gets blame by his parents for having sex with her in the first place and is told that Abby will find out about Heather's pregnancy in one way or another. Mary shoots the family truck as a revenge. Rooster is kicked out from Mary's house for not telling her about the pregnancy. He is offered by Maggie to sleep in the hunting cabin which is left in disarray, and reluctantly accepts. Abby drops by the ranch and wishes to have sex with Colt, which he declines. Colt finally tells Heather's pregnancy to her, as she storms out in disbelief.  Beau gets a haircut at a local hair salon and befriends Brenda.
233"Take Me Away from Here"David TrainerStory by : Jim Patterson & Nathan Chetty Teleplay by : Max Searle & Steve LeffJune 16, 2017 (2017-06-16)
244"She'll Have You Back"David TrainerStory by : Don Reo & Steve Leff Teleplay by : Matt Ross & Nikki SchiefelbeinJune 16, 2017 (2017-06-16)
255"My Best Friend"David TrainerStory by : Ashton Kutcher & Carla Filisha Teleplay by : Steve Tompkins & Jamie RhonheimerJune 16, 2017 (2017-06-16)
266"Find Out Who Your Friends Are"David TrainerStory by : Don Reo & Jeff Lowell Teleplay by : Max WilligerJune 16, 2017 (2017-06-16)
277"One of Those Nights"David TrainerStory by : Matt Ross & Max Searle Teleplay by : Jim Patterson & Jason ZumwaltJune 16, 2017 (2017-06-16)
288"I Didn't Ask and She Didn't Say"David TrainerStory by : Steve Tompkins & Nikki Schiefelbein Teleplay by : Bryce VanKooten & William ValleryJune 16, 2017 (2017-06-16)
299"Last Dollar (Fly Away)"David TrainerStory by : Jamie Rhonheimer & Nikki Schiefelbein Teleplay by : Matt Ross & Max SearleJune 16, 2017 (2017-06-16)
3010"Can't Really Be Gone"David TrainerStory by : Jim Patterson & Jeff Lowell Teleplay by : Don Reo & Nathan ChettyJune 16, 2017 (2017-06-16)
Part 4
311"Learning to Live Again"David TrainerStory by : Don Reo & Jim Patterson Teleplay by : Jamie Rhonheimer & Nathan ChettyDecember 15, 2017 (2017-12-15)
322"Wrapped Up in You"David TrainerStory by : Matt Ross & Max Searle Teleplay by : Steve Tompkins & Jeff LowellDecember 15, 2017 (2017-12-15)
333"Rodeo and Juliet"David TrainerStory by : Don Reo & Max Searle Teleplay by : Carla Filisha & Steve LeffDecember 15, 2017 (2017-12-15)
344"Much Too Young (To Feel this Old)"David TrainerStory by : Jim Patterson & Matt Ross Teleplay by : Jamie Rhonheimer & Nathan ChettyDecember 15, 2017 (2017-12-15)
355"More Than a Memory"David TrainerStory by : Steve Tompkins & Steve Leff Teleplay by : Jim Patterson & Jeff LowellDecember 15, 2017 (2017-12-15)
366"When You Come Back to Me Again"David TrainerStory by : Bryce VanKooten & William Vallery Teleplay by : Matt Ross & Max SearleDecember 15, 2017 (2017-12-15)
377"Do What You Gotta Do"David TrainerJamie Rhonheimer & Nathan ChettyDecember 15, 2017 (2017-12-15)
388"Big Money"David TrainerStory by : Matt Ross & Nathan Chetty Teleplay by : Jeff Lowell & Nikki SchiefelbeinDecember 15, 2017 (2017-12-15)
399"Ain't Goin' Down ('Til the Sun Comes Up)"David TrainerStory by : Steve Tompkins & Max Searle Teleplay by : Jamie Rhonheimer & Nathan ChettyDecember 15, 2017 (2017-12-15)
4010"If Tomorrow Never Comes"David TrainerStory by : Don Reo & Jim Patterson Teleplay by : Matt Ross & Max SearleDecember 15, 2017 (2017-12-15)

text: Season 3 (2018)[edit]

text:
No.overallNo. inseasonTitleDirected byWritten byOriginal release datePart 5
411"Starting Over Again"David TrainerStory by : Matt Ross & Nathan Chetty Teleplay by : Don Reo & Jim PattersonJune 15, 2018 (2018-06-15)
422"It's All Wrong, But It's All Right"David TrainerStory by : Jeff Lowell & Nikki Schiefelbein Teleplay by : Brian Keith Etheridge & Carla FilishaJune 15, 2018 (2018-06-15)
433"A Gamble Either Way"David TrainerStory by : Jeff Lowell & Nikki Schiefelbein Teleplay by : Brian Keith Etheridge & Carla FilishaJune 15, 2018 (2018-06-15)
444"Baby I'm Burning"David TrainerStory by : Jeff Lowell & Jamie Rhonheimer Teleplay by : Steve Leff & Jessica KravitzJune 15, 2018 (2018-06-15)
455"Travelin' Prayer"David TrainerStory by : Don Reo & Jim Patterson Teleplay by : Matt Ross & Nathan ChettyJune 15, 2018 (2018-06-15)
466"Tie Our Love (In a Double Knot)"David TrainerStory by : Bryce VanKooten & William Vallery Teleplay by : Jamie Rhonheimer & Lisa K. NelsonJune 15, 2018 (2018-06-15)
477"Telling Me Lies"David TrainerStory by : Steve Leff & Brian Keith Etheridge Teleplay by : Nikki Schiefelbein & Carla FilishaJune 15, 2018 (2018-06-15)
488"Fresh Out of Forgiveness"David TrainerStory by : Don Reo & Jim Patterson Teleplay by : Matt Ross & Nathan ChettyJune 15, 2018 (2018-06-15)
499"It Ain't Fair that It Ain't Right"David TrainerStory by : Jamie Rhonheimer & Matt Ross Teleplay by : Nathan Chetty & Jessica KravitzJune 15, 2018 (2018-06-15)
5010"Change"David TrainerStory by : Jeff Lowell & Jamie Rhonheimer Teleplay by : Don Reo & Jim PattersonJune 15, 2018 (2018-06-15)

text: Reception[edit]

text: The Ranch has earned positive reviews from critics. The review aggregator website Rotten Tomatoes gives the series an average approval rating of 70% (60% for season 1, 80% for season 2) based on 92 reviews, with an average rating of 4.5/5. The site's critical consensus reads, "A formulaic set-up and predictable plotting are elevated by The Ranch's surprising sensitivity and strong performances."[15] Metacritic gave the series a score of 56 out of 100, based on 20 critics, indicating "mixed or average reviews".[16]

text: Writing for Slate in a positive review, television critic Willa Paskin wrote of the show, "The Ranch is a red-state sitcom, though it takes place in the swing state of Colorado, and is good enough to be watched by people of any political affiliation" and "The goodness sneaks up on you."[17] Los Angeles Times wrote: "[Elliott and Winger's] scenes together, as restrained as they are, are the show's most emotionally resonant. You will want to check them out."[18]


document_title: Monday Night Football

question_text: when did espn take over monday night football

question_tokens: when did espn take over monday night football

root

text: Monday Night Football

text: Overview[edit]

text: This section needs expansion. You can help by adding to it. (November 2010)

tag: table

text: After 45 seasons, there now have been a total of 730 games televised by the Monday Night Football franchise.

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text: Scheduling problems[edit]

text: To avoid any scheduling unfairness where, just before the first playoff game, a team may have five days off and others six, there is no Monday night game during the final week of the regular season. From 2003 to 2005, one game was played on Thursday and another Monday under the Monday Night Football banner. Starting in 2006, when the series moved to cable, two games are played on the opening Monday night to capitalize on fan interest during "NFL Kickoff Weekend".

text: Monday night games early in the season are often highly anticipated since records are new, teams usually are showcasing fresh talent and potential, and storylines coming into the season are often played out as fans try to see if these hyped teams are up to form. Since no one knows during the first month of the season if a team is indeed good, or will rebound from a difficult start, interest is usually high for the first few weeks of the MNF season.

text: Since the MNF schedule is set in April and cannot be changed, the league and network cannot guarantee a late season matchup will have any significance or be highly anticipated. Teams thought to be good during the off-season could be out of playoff contention by the middle of the season; a prime example occurred in 1999, when the San Francisco 49ers and Atlanta Falcons both entered the season's final MNF game with 4–11 records. It had seemed like a good pre-season matchup since the Falcons had played in the previous season's Super Bowl and the 49ers coming into the 1999 season had posted 16 consecutive 10-win seasons. It is also possible for a team like the 1999 St. Louis Rams not to be scheduled for a Monday night game because of its dismal record the year before, and many other NFL teams (such as the 2004 San Diego Chargers, with zero primetime games) have had huge unforeseen turnarounds that result in lack of MNF attention (these teams generally receive multiple MNF spots the year after their breakout success, which is great for viewers if those teams continue to play well, and not so great if they return to mediocrity or worse). However, the forecasting abilities of the NFL's scheduling officials have exhibited uncanny proficiency. Many MNF games occurring later in the season feature at least one team that is either headed to the playoffs or must win the MNF game to clinch a playoff spot.

text: The problem of having a national spotlight game which during the season's most critical weeks late in the year probably would not show the most important game of the week was long known by the league and network. As a result of this, the NFL wished to move the "Game of the Week" idea to Sunday nights as to make flex scheduling possible. This was a move which would ultimately mean the end of Monday Night Football on ABC (cable games are protected from the NFL's flexible scheduling rule adopted for the 2006–07 season; the new rule applies only to CBS, Fox, and NBC's Sunday night games). The league currently has no interest in expanding flexible scheduling to include Monday Night Football, citing the logistical issues of moving games back and forth between Sundays and Mondays.

text: Franchises with the most appearances[edit]

text: The franchise with the most Monday night appearances is the Miami Dolphins. The San Francisco 49ers won their record 48th Monday Night game with a 28–0 win over the Los Angeles Rams on September 12, 2016.

text: The most common Monday Night Football pairings are Broncos vs. Raiders (17 match-ups as of 2013[a]) and Cowboys vs. Redskins (met for a 17th time in 2015).

text: The defunct Candlestick Park in San Francisco currently holds the record for hosting the most Monday Night Football games, including its 36th and final Monday night game on December 23, 2013. Among the active stadiums following the conclusion of the 2013 season, Miami Gardens, Florida's Hard Rock Stadium has hosted the most games with 32.[5]

text: As entertainment[edit]

text: Monday Night Football has continued to provide as much entertainment as sports throughout its run. In addition to the extra cameras, the program has also pioneered technological broadcast innovations, such as the use of enhanced slow motion replays and computerized graphics.

text: Celebrity guests – such as former Vice President Spiro Agnew, singers Plácido Domingo and former Beatle John Lennon, President Bill Clinton, and even Kermit the Frog – were often featured during the game to "liven up" the broadcast. The December 9, 1974 contest featured a rare instance of two celebrities entering the booth, with Lennon being interviewed by Howard Cosell and California governor Ronald Reagan speaking with Frank Gifford, with Reagan explaining the rules of American football (off-camera) to Lennon as the game went along. However, the late 1990s and early 2000s saw an even more increased reliance on the entertainment factor. Some halftime shows, featuring popular music stars, were broadcast in their entirety rather than being ignored in favor of analysis of the game by the commentators, as in previous seasons.

text: In December 1980, one of the most memorable moments of MNF occurred when Cosell announced in a news flash that Lennon had been shot and killed in New York City. Monday Night Football was the first national broadcast to announce his death.

text: An advertisement during halftime on the October 19, 2015 game featured the world premiere of the third trailer of Star Wars: The Force Awakens.

text: 2006 summary[edit]

text: For its 2006 debut on ESPN, Williams, Jr. re-recorded the MNF opening theme with an all-star jam band that included among others Brian Setzer, Little Richard, Questlove, Joe Perry, Clarence Clemons, Rick Nielsen, Bootsy Collins, Charlie Daniels and Steven Van Zandt. The 2006 telecast generally began with a cinematic tease produced by Rico Labbe, Michael Sciallis and Jason Jobes. It was during one of these teases that Barack Obama spoofed his announcement for the 2008 Presidential candidacy in favor of his hometown Chicago Bears in their game against the St. Louis Rams.[6]

text: That year, the tease was followed by the show open produced by Los Angeles-based The Syndicate called "Transformation". It features computer-generated imagery showing a city being transformed into a football stadium and passers-by on the street turning into players, coaches, fans and officials set to an updated orchestral treatment of the "Heavy Action" theme song. The sequence began every week with a different celebrity walking down the street, picking up a glowing football helmet with the ESPN logo on the side and saying, "I'm ready for some football! Are you?", thus beginning the transformation process. Celebrities for 2006 included Arnold Schwarzenegger, Matthew Fox, Hugh Hefner, Paris Hilton, Spike Lee, Ashton Kutcher, Samuel L. Jackson, Ludacris, Jack Black, Kiefer Sutherland, James Belushi, Ben Stiller, Tyra Banks, Carmen Electra and Eva Longoria.

text: In addition, celebrities returned in full force to the booth, though this proved to be the major criticism of ESPN's first MNF season. On the opening weekend, Arnold Schwarzenegger, another celebrity-turned-California governor, was in the booth at McAfee Coliseum in Oakland, California; before that, Jamie Foxx appeared at FedExField in suburban Washington, D.C. Following them, celebrity appearances included NBA basketball superstar Dwyane Wade, Basketball Hall of Fame player Charles Barkley, NASCAR Cup Series driver Jeff Gordon, comedian Jimmy Kimmel (whose opening words to Joe Theismann were "how's the leg?"), actor Sylvester Stallone, film director Spike Lee, hip hop artist Jay-Z, and MNF theme singer Hank Williams Jr.

text: 2007 summary[edit]

text: ESPN scaled back to only one opening tease for the 2007 season. Williams Jr. and the all-star band returned, only this time they played in a "juke joint" set on a country road. The lead singer arrives in a GMC Yukon truck (GMC paid for product placement) with the license plate "BOCEPHUS", which is Williams' nickname. The Syndicate's computer-generated tease was dropped and replaced by short pre-taped films focusing on a team or player in the game. Some of them have featured actor Jamie Foxx.

text: The guest visits continued: Barkley returned to the booth on September 17 in Philadelphia. Other guests throughout the season included Kimmel (another returnee), Drew Carey, Miley Cyrus, Russell Crowe and Terry Bradshaw. In addition, Gordon was a halftime guest on the game just before the season-ending Ford 400 and was joined by teammate Jimmie Johnson.

text: At the end of each game, Williams returned to say, "See you in (city that is the site of the next week's game)." Both the open and close contain helmets of the participating teams, organized in the style of a concert poster.

text: 2008 summary[edit]

text: Despite the de-emphasis on entertainment on the overall telecast, ESPN did bring back Hank Williams, Jr. for his 20th season as part of the opening. This time, the opening sequence was set in a private residence. At the end of the song, Williams Jr. touched a foot pump, which supposedly contained the helmets of that night's participating teams. The helmets were launched from the home toward the stadium at which the game was held. Through computer-generated imagery, the helmets "land" at midfield during a live shot, and then explode. The "exploding helmets" gimmick was also used at various times in the 1980s and 1990s during the pre-game tease. Williams Jr. then appeared again at the end of the game to promote the next week's matchup.

text: ESPN also continued to promote upcoming albums through its use in bumper music. On September 29 (Baltimore Ravens at Pittsburgh Steelers), ESPN used "Another Way to Die", a duet between Alicia Keys and Jack White of the White Stripes – the song was part of the soundtrack for the 2008 film Quantum of Solace, then the latest in the James Bond series.

text: Monday Night Football celebrated its 600th game broadcast on October 20, 2008 in a game which the New England Patriots defeated the Denver Broncos, 41–7.

text: The 39th season of MNF ended on December 22, 2008, when the Bears beat the Green Bay Packers, 20–17, in overtime at home at Soldier Field in Chicago.

text: 2009 summary[edit]

text: The title sequence for the 40th season of Monday Night Football featured Hank Williams, Jr. seen on the steps of a building (presumably a museum), surrounded by dancers, football fans, and statues/busts – which, along with everyone else in the scene, begin to move and dance – patterned after those at the Pro Football Hall of Fame. The transition to Williams Jr. is a book, with the chapter number (in Roman numerals, sequentially with each week) and a tag line about the game to be played that night.

text: At the end of the song, Williams Jr. plugged in the cords, thereby launching animated "helmets" into space, from the building toward the stadium at which the game was held (with the exception of October 5, 2009, when the helmets zoomed towards Brett Favre instead), passing the International Space Station. As with the previous season (as mentioned above), the helmets "land" at midfield during a live shot and then crashed into each other. Williams Jr. appeared again at the end of the telecast to promote the following week's matchup. After that, the picture was freezeframed and the shot zoomed out to the book, which showed the freezeframed picture as part of a page. As this happened, the NFL end-of-game bumper music was played and the book closed, revealing a golden NFL logo on the back cover and signifying the end of the "chapter", or game. The scene was filmed in the summer of 2009 at The Parthenon in Nashville, Tennessee.

text: Before Williams Jr. appears, Frank Gifford gave a short vignette about a memorable moment in the history of Monday Night Football featuring one or both of the teams playing that night's game.

text: The 40th season of Monday Night Football ended on December 28, 2009 with the Minnesota Vikings–Chicago Bears game in Chicago, in which the Bears won in overtime, 36–30. The telecast ended with a vignette that featured Gifford taking a look back at highlights from the previous four decades – and the 40th season – of MNF, after which the book closed, signifying the end of the season. The 40th season had the highest season viewership for MNF since ESPN acquired the rights to the broadcast.[7]

text: 2010 summary[edit]

text: The opening for the 2010 season was identical to that used in 2009, except for the final scenes. This time, Williams Jr. turns a wheel filled with paint, with CGI colors blasting into the air, revealing the helmets containing logos of the participating teams – which stay on top of the building. In one other minor difference, the chapter numbers in the "book" were changed from Roman to Arabic numerals. Gifford provided new vignettes and the Parthenon scenes were repeated from the year before. The 2010 season marked Williams' 22nd as part of the telecast's open.

text: In an unusual coincidence, both games which had the New York Jets as a home team at New Meadowlands Stadium (now MetLife Stadium) were delayed because of heavy rain and lightning in the area. In the first instance, the September 13 game against the Baltimore Ravens, it was delayed 25 minutes; the second delay, prior to the October 11 contest against the Minnesota Vikings, lasted for 40 minutes. Prior to the September 13 game, the last ESPN telecast to encounter weather problems was on October 4, 1998 (a Sunday night) when lightning halted a game between the Seattle Seahawks and Kansas City Chiefs during the second quarter. The first delay forced ESPN to use ESPN2 for a game telecast, this time for the Chiefs' home opener against the San Diego Chargers. As in 2007, the broadcast was shifted to ESPN once the first game was over.

text: The game between the Jets and the Vikings was both Brett Favre's first game in East Rutherford since his only season there in 2008 and marked Randy Moss's return to the Vikings. Moss played only four games for Minnesota until he was waived on November 2.

text: 2011 summary[edit]

text: The opening sequence for the 2011 season was set in a closed-studio setting, with Hank Williams Jr. (in his 23rd year) performing with a band in front of a live audience with large video screens in the background. The end of the opening sequence featured the team logos of that night's participants transitioning into the new ESPN Monday Night Football logo before going to a live shot. On October 3, 2011, ESPN pulled the theme song after Williams appeared on the Fox News Channel program, Fox & Friends, where he compared a golf outing involving Barack Obama, John Boehner, Joe Biden and John Kasich to "Hitler playing golf with Netanyahu."[8][9] On October 6, 2011, it was announced that Williams would no longer be singing the theme song, and that "All My Rowdy Friends" would no longer be used as its theme, as Williams still owns the song. A statement from ESPN said that the network has "decided to part ways with Hank Williams Jr. We appreciate his contributions over the past years. The success of Monday Night Football has always been about the games and that will continue."[10] Williams commented on the matter: "After reading hundreds of e-mails, I have made my decision... By pulling my opening October 3, [ESPN] stepped on the toes of the First Amendment Freedom of Speech, so therefore me, my song, and All My Rowdy Friends are out of here. It's been a great run."[10] MNF did not have an opening sequence at all from Week 4 through the end of that season.

text: With Suzy Kolber reassigned to the new studio show NFL32, and Michele Tafoya having left ESPN for NBC Sunday Night Football, the sideline reporter position rotated between various reporters for the season.

text: For the second year in a row, and the third time overall, the beginning of the 10:15 p.m. Eastern Time game (Oakland Raiders at Denver Broncos) was shown on ESPN2 as the game that began at 7:00 p.m. Eastern Time (New England Patriots at Miami Dolphins) ran past the scheduled time period.

text: 2012 summary[edit]

text: Lisa Salters was named the permanent solo sideline reporter for the 2012 season. In addition, color commentator Ron Jaworski did not return to the program. As a result, Jon Gruden became the solo color commentator, with MNF going back to a two-man booth for the first time since its final season on ABC (2005). MNF's opening graphic sequence, which showed the helmet logos of the game's two participating NFL teams and then the program's logo, was seen before the Monday Night Football Launch segment.

text: 2013–14 summary[edit]

text: The opening animation sequence begins with an image of a 2014 GMC Sierra (GMC paid for product placement) and then goes into a timeline of historical events that occurred during the Monday Night Football era, including some highlights of MNF games from the previous 43 seasons up to 2012. At the end of the sequence, helmets featuring logos of that night's two participating teams are shown, followed by the various Monday Night Football logos used since the program's debut in 1970. The 80-second opening animation sequence, which also featured Pac-Man, Darth Vader and President Ronald Reagan, was created by actor/filmmaker Peter Berg.

text: A revision of the opening sequence was used for the 2014 season. Among the few changes, GMC's product placement promoted the automaker's line of Denali vehicles, while the sequence itself included some additional highlights of MNF games from the previous 44 seasons up to 2013.

text: 2015 summary[edit]

text: A 3D opening animation sequence is used for the 2015 season (46th season overall and tenth on ESPN). GMC's product placement once again promoted the automaker's line of Denali vehicles, including the Yukon Denali that is seen at the beginning. Also among the many changes is the highlights of MNF games — this time, they are set inside a computer-generated stadium using 3D imagery — from the previous 45 seasons up to 2014.

text: 2016 summary[edit]

text: After three years of using the timeline-themed open, MNF debuted a new 75-second, Hollywood-themed open on September 12, 2016 and it features ESPN's new MNF broadcast team — Sean McDonough (play-by-play), Jon Gruden (color) and Lisa Salters (sideline reporter) — and more than 20 current NFL stars and Pro Football Hall of Famers walking along a red carpet entrance lined by cheering fans and photographers taking pictures. It begins with a shot of a downtown stadium surrounded by skyscrapers, with a 2017 GMC Acadia (product placement again provided by GMC) displaying the location for that week's MNF game on its navigation system. The Acadia then heads to a glitzy red carpet at the stadium's entrance, where McDonough, Gruden and Salters exit the car, followed on the carpet by a flood of NFL players representing the past and present of MNF. Players then pose for pictures and wave to the crowd as they reach the stadium entrance. Josh Norman (Redskins), Larry Fitzgerald (Cardinals) and Rob Gronkowski (Patriots) are among the current players being represented in the open, with Franco Harris (Steelers), Jerry Rice (49ers), Barry Sanders (Lions) and Bruce Smith (Bills) among the past players being represented. For the Spanish-language version of the Hollywood-themed open, it features ESPN's Spanish-language MNF broadcast team — Álvaro Martín (play-by-play), Raúl Allegre (color) and John Sutcliffe (sideline reporter) as well as the current Hispanic NFL players and the team of the Latin American version of NFL Live led by Ciro Procuna.

text: 2017 summary[edit]

text: MNF returned to two teases for the first time since its first season on ESPN (2006). The Hollywood-themed open was repeated from the previous season, this time with the 2018 GMC Terrain being used as the automaker's product placement.

text: Also, Hank Williams, Jr. returned to MNF on September 11, 2017 with an all-new version of the iconic opening theme song, "All My Rowdy Friends Are Here on Monday Night" (used from 1989 to Week 3 of the 2011 season) and it appeared just before that night's New Orleans Saints-Minnesota Vikings game. The new version, which is seen just before the kickoff of each game, is a collaboration of Williams, Jr, country duo Florida Georgia Line, and R&B singer Jason Derulo.

text: Theme music[edit]

text: Hank Williams Jr. reworked his country music hit "All My Rowdy Friends Are Coming Over Tonight" to be included in the telecast's introduction as "All My Rowdy Friends Are Here on Monday Night" (the original introduction music was an organ-based piece called "Score", written by Charles Fox and recorded by Bob's Band). In addition, Edd Kalehoff modernized the classic "Heavy Action" theme in 1989.

text: For ABC's last MNF game in 2005, Williams Jr.'s rendition of "Turn Out the Lights, The Party's Over", closed the broadcast.[11]

text: Digital on-screen graphics[edit]

text: Some of this article's listed sources may not be reliable. Please help this article by looking for better, more reliable sources. Unreliable citations may be challenged or deleted. (September 2012) (Learn how and when to remove this template message)

text: Prior to 1997, Monday Night Football had a limited graphics package. A CGI-based intro began being used in 1984, with on-screen graphics still limited to basic text.[12][13] In 1988, the entire graphics package was updated significantly to be more in line with the rest of ABC Sports' presentations. That year, it introduced the "clashing helmets" intro, with on-screen graphics consisting of italicized text underlined in red.[14] It was updated in 1994, the year the network hosted Super Bowl XXIX, with a more box-like design.[15] A permanent score bug would not be introduced until 1997.

text: Monday Night Football began using a score bug in 1997, the second network to do so after Fox introduced the first regular on-screen scoring bug when it began airing NFL games in 1994. Prior to this, the graphics package was limited, but followed a basic "ketchup and mustard" color scheme of red and yellow. The first scorebug included team names, scores, time remaining, and displayed which quarter the game was in.[16] This design was used through the 1998 season.

text: ABC hosted Super Bowl XXXIV for 1999, and updated its graphics package to more closely resemble those of sister cable network ESPN. ABC began using extended abbreviations for team names (for example, "TENN", "VIKES", "PACK", and "FINS" instead of "TEN", "MIN", "GB", and "MIA"), as four-letter and five-letter abbreviations were used on ESPN coverage. The result was a larger scorebug with a more conventional font.[17] It was slightly modified in 2000 to have a border that was more in line with the red and yellow color scheme.[18]

text: The graphics for Monday Night Football were changed in the 2002 season, the year the network hosted Super Bowl XXXVII. The scorebug was a solid color, with a more rounded shape, and a horizontally compressed font. ESPN's graphics were no longer similar to those of ABC's (with ESPN instead using a gray and black design with rounded corners).[19] In 2005, the broadcast's final year on ABC, Monday Night Football began using a horizontal bar on the bottom of the screen rather than a scorebug, with all information being contained on a single line.[20]

text: After Monday Night Football moved to ESPN in 2006 (around the same time that ABC Sports rebranded as ESPN on ABC), ESPN changed its entire graphics package to a red and black design, while NFL coverage used a separate design. For NFL telecasts in 2006 and 2007, a dark gray, metallic scorebug was used, located in an unorthodox placement at the center of the bottom of the screen.

text: For the 2008 season, a new graphics scheme was introduced that was built around a new display known as the "dashboard"; the scoreboard, which now took the form of a horizontal bar, was mounted in a dedicated area spanning across the bottom the screen. All lower-third graphics were also displayed within the dashboard, replacing the scorebar when in use.[21]

text: For the 2009 and 2010 seasons, a revamped version of the 2008 design was used, incorporating a new, metallic silver design. Timeout indicators were added to the score bar in Week 4 of the 2009 season. For the 2009 season only, a "40th anniversary" logo was incorporated into the bar in celebration of Monday Night Football's 40th season. The "silver" graphics scheme would later be adopted by other ESPN properties, such as its college football games in December 2009.

text: In the 2011 season, the banner was restructured as a black, metallic design, which was considerably larger than most scorebars – including the previous one (although its sizes has varied, becoming significantly wider, though thinner in 2012). For ESPN's first pre-season game of 2012, the timeout indicators were also accompanied by two smaller red lamps to the right, indicating the number of play challenges remaining, but these were unexpectedly removed the following game. On September 10, 2012, Monday Night Countdown began using MNF's graphics scheme.

text: For the 2015 season, the graphics were completely overhauled to match the motif that has been used for ESPN's NFL studio programming since the year prior. However, the studio programming uses the new motif only for introductions and transitions, while the actual insert graphics use the standard ESPN package used for SportsCenter and all other sports. Meanwhile, MNF uses the NFL motif for all insert graphics, not just introductions and transitions. Most notably, the NFL motif uses a horizontal score bar across the bottom of the screen, whereas the standard graphics package uses a score box. The layout is standard, with teams on the background of their color, with timeout indicators also displaying in team colors. Experimentally, the score bar "auto-hides" itself during plays, though it is shown permanently during the final two minutes of each half and, if necessary, overtime. This is also the first time that ESPN has used the full 16:9 frame for its NFL graphics.

text: Scoring records[edit]

text:
Most points

59 – Philadelphia Eagles, November 15, 2010 vs. Washington Redskins
55 – Indianapolis Colts, October 31, 1988 vs. Denver Broncos
52 – San Francisco 49ers, December 23, 1991 vs. Chicago Bears
52 – San Diego Chargers, December 20, 1982 vs. Cincinnati Bengals
51 – New Orleans Saints, November 24, 2008 vs. Green Bay Packers
49 – Philadelphia Eagles, November 15, 2004 vs. Dallas Cowboys
49 – Kansas City Chiefs, December 13, 2004 vs. Tennessee Titans
48 – Detroit Lions, October 19, 1981 vs. Chicago Bears
48 – Green Bay Packers, October 17, 1983 vs. Washington Redskins
48 – Baltimore Ravens, December 19, 2005 vs. Green Bay Packers
48 – Tennessee Titans, October 11, 2004 vs. Green Bay Packers

Most one-sided games

45 points – Baltimore 48, Green Bay 3 – December 19, 2005
42 points – New England 45, N.Y. Jets 3 – December 6, 2010
42 points – Miami 45, N.Y. Jets 3 – November 24, 1986
42 points – Seattle 42, Philadelphia 0 – December 5, 2005 (largest margin of victory by an MNF road team)
41 points – San Francisco 41, Chicago 0 – December 14, 1987
39 points – Los Angeles 42, Philadelphia 3 – November 3, 1975
38 points – Green Bay 45, Minnesota 7 – November 14, 2011
38 points – San Francisco 52, Chicago 14 – December 23, 1991
38 points – San Francisco 41, Atlanta 3 – November 9, 1992
38 points – St. Louis Cardinals 38, Dallas 0 – November 16, 1970

Highest scoring games

95 points – Green Bay 48, Washington 47 – October 17, 1983
87 points – Kansas City 49, Tennessee 38 – December 13, 2004
87 points – Philadelphia 59, Washington 28 – November 15, 2010
86 points – San Diego 52, Cincinnati 34 – December 20, 1982
82 points – Dallas 43, Seattle 39 – December 6, 2004
80 points – New Orleans 51, Green Bay 29 – November 24, 2008
80 points – Green Bay 43, Atlanta 37 – December 8, 2014
79 points – Oakland 45, Pittsburgh 34 – October 20, 1980
78 points – Indianapolis Colts 55, Denver Broncos 23 – October 31, 1988
78 points – Dallas 41, Philadelphia 37 – September 15, 2008
78 points – Oakland 40, Dallas 38 – October 23, 1983

Lowest scoring games

3 points – Pittsburgh 3, Miami 0 – November 26, 2007
9 points – Jacksonville 9, Pittsburgh 0 – September 18, 2006
10 points – San Francisco 7, N.Y. Giants 3 – December 3, 1990
12 points – Oakland 9, Denver 3 – December 1, 1980
13 points – Baltimore 10, Washington 3 – November 7, 1977
13 points – Los Angeles 10, Pittsburgh 3 – December 20, 1975
14 points – Washington 9, Dallas 5 – October 2, 1978
15 points – Buffalo 9, Indianapolis 6 – October 20, 1997
15 points – Detroit 13, Minnesota 2 – December 5, 1983
15 points – Houston 9, Miami 6 – November 5, 1979

Ties

Detroit 14, Green Bay 14 – November 1, 1971
Oakland 23, Denver 23 – October 22, 1973
N.Y. Giants 20, St. Louis 20 (OT) – October 24, 1983

tag: ul

text: Scheduling on local stations[edit]

text: From 1970 to 1997, ABC's Monday Night Football coverage began at 9:00 p.m. Eastern Time, with game kickoff typically occurring at seven minutes past the hour. Coverage was moved one hour earlier to 8:00 p.m. Eastern Time in 1998, with a pre-game show titled Monday Night Blast, hosted by Chris Berman from the ESPN Zone restaurant in Baltimore preceding the start of the game at 8:20 p.m. This was done mainly to address ABC's inability to find a suitable 8:00 p.m. lead-in program for MNF since MacGyver ended its run in 1992 (not even two other series from MacGyver's production company Paramount Television – The Young Indiana Jones Chronicles and The Marshal – saw success, despite the former's ties to Paramount's Indiana Jones film series), and to allow stations to start their late local newscasts nearer to their regular times. Poor ratings caused this experiment to be dropped after one season, with MNF once again moving to 9:00 p.m. in 1999, though in many NFL markets, the 8:00 p.m. (Eastern Time) hour from 1999 to 2006 was replaced by affiliates with locally produced and programmed sports discussion and coaches shows, with ABC programming in that hour moved to late night or weekend slots; by the end of the ABC run, the 8:00 p.m. timeslot was filled with either newsmagazines and short-lived reality television programs which failed to make any ratings headways due to affiliate pre-emptions.

text: From 1970 to 1995, Fisher Broadcasting's ABC affiliates in Seattle (KOMO-TV) and Portland (KATU) aired MNF games on a one-hour tape delay starting at 7:00 p.m. Pacific Time (games normally started in the Pacific Time Zone at 6:00 p.m., corresponding to 9:00 Eastern) in order to accommodate local newscasts (unless the Seattle Seahawks were playing, in which case the game would be shown live). The practice, long opposed by viewers and ABC, ended in 1996. KOMO then tried to accommodate having to air its local newscasts earlier than its local station competitors by marketing it as KOMO 4 News Primetime, touting it as a way to watch the news at a more convenient time than during evening rush hour. Additionally, this practice was done in Hawaii, where Honolulu ABC affiliate KITV delayed the game until 6:00 p.m. Hawaii-Aleutian Time, corresponding to 11:00 p.m. or midnight Eastern during daylight saving time on the mainland. Thus, the game, which was broadcast live on local radio starting at 3:00 or 4:00 p.m., was almost over before it aired on television. In the case of Guam, KTGM, the ABC affiliate in that U.S. territory, aired MNF live on Tuesdays at 11:00 a.m., as Guam is a day ahead of the United States due to being located on the other side of International Date Line.

text: The demand to broadcast Monday Night Football games live across the United States over ABC was difficult to reconcile with other prime time programming, which is usually set to begin at a certain local time regardless of time zone. On the East Coast, with MNF beginning at 9:00 p.m. Eastern Time, there was an hour of primetime in which to schedule regular programming. However, on the West Coast, the games lasted from 6:00 to 9:30 p.m. Pacific Time (or in the case of Seattle and Portland from 1970 to 1995, 7:00 to 10:30 p.m.), leaving little or no time for additional network programming on Monday. As a result, network programs scheduled for prime time on the East Coast were broadcast at various hours on the West Coast. Most affiliates pushed the network shows to immediately after the game; however, Los Angeles owned-and-operated station KABC-TV postponed them until 10:00 p.m. from at least the mid-1990s until 2005 to show trivia contests and other sports shows produced locally (the longest-tenured such show was Monday Night Live, hosted by sports anchor Todd Donoho). Meanwhile, KOMO, one of the stations that tape-delayed MNF in most cases, broadcast new episodes of the sitcom Coach on Saturday afternoons (usually reserved, coincidentally enough, for college football telecasts; much of the series took place on a fictional college campus). Except for Seattle and Portland from 1970 to 1995, ABC World News Tonight was routinely preempted on most West Coast affiliates, though the ABC network-owned stations (e.g. Los Angeles) aired the program earlier in the afternoon.

text: Since ESPN took over the coverage in 2006, games normally have a kickoff time of 8:30 p.m. Eastern. However, when ESPN airs a doubleheader during the first week of the season, the games respectively start at 7:00 and 10:15 p.m. Eastern. There have been issues with local stations in the ESPN era, where stations in each team's home market that air the ESPN simulcast are in most cases ABC affiliates, which must pre-empt Dancing with the Stars to air NFL. This both forces the affiliate to air that program immediately after late-evening local newscasts, and has resulted in the program's telephone and Internet voting coordinators keeping a late-night voting window open for the market or markets where Dancing with the Stars was pre-empted.

text: In some cases, the program is moved to a sister station of the ABC affiliate to air live instead (for example, until 2011 in the Minneapolis–St. Paul market, when NBC affiliate KARE took over as the local broadcaster of MNF games, if the Minnesota Vikings were playing a game being simulcast on local ABC affiliate KSTP-TV, sister independent station KSTC-TV aired DWTS live). In 2016, for the opening week Monday night game (the second in a doubleheader) between the Los Angeles Rams and San Francisco 49ers, the ABC-owned stations in both markets (KABC-TV and KGO-TV) would broadcast World News Tonight and DWTS in their live Eastern Time Zone slots, thus airing at 3:30 and 5pm PT respectively.

text: Commentators[edit]

text: Foreign-language versions[edit]

text: Spanish version[edit]

text: Since 2006, a Spanish-language telecast is also broadcast on ESPN Deportes, the Spanish version of ESPN and on ESPN Latin América featuring NBA and NFL play-by-play announcer Álvaro Martín, Super Bowl winner Raul Allegre as color commentator and John Sutcliffe as the field reporter. This is the same crew of La NFL Dominical, the Spanish version of ESPN Sunday Night Football, until 2005. The announcers of the second game of the 2006 doubleheader were Eduardo Varela (play-by-play), Robert Abramowitz (color) and Georgina Ruiz Sandoval (field reporter). Preceding the game NFL Esta Noche (NFL Tonight), the 30-minute pre-game show, can be seen on both networks.

text: The four booth announcers called the 2007 season opening games from ESPN's Bristol, Connecticut headquarters while watching games on monitors. None of them traveled to the game sites and there were no sideline reporters in the early weeks. Sutcliffe would later report from the game sites. Allegre did not work the season finale between the Broncos and Chargers; he was replaced by Abramovitz.

text: In 2008, Martin and Allegre only travelled to the Cowboys-Eagles game, during the NFL's celebrations of the Hispanic Heritage Month.

text: As part of ESPN's agreement to simulcast their Wild Card game on ABC, Martin and Allegre's Spanish-language commentary is carried over the SAP channel on ABC, equivalent to the rest of the NFL's over-the-air broadcast partners.

text: In 2016, ESPN Deportes served as the official Spanish-language broadcaster of Super Bowl 50 in parallel with CBS's English-language broadcast, with Martin and Allegre commentating.[22][23][24][25]

text: During the first 9 weeks of the 2017 NFL season, ESPN2 will simulcast ESPN Deportes' broadcast, NFL Esta Noche, and the Spanish version of SportsCenter.[26]

text: Portuguese version[edit]

text: Since the 1990s, ESPN Latin America has a feed in Portuguese language targeted to their viewers in Brazil. Ivan Zimmermann (play-by-play), André José Adler (play-by-play), Roberto Figueroa (color), Marco Alfaro (color) among others, were the announcers broadcasting from ESPN's headquarters. Since 2006, the structure of the Brazilian feed was merged with ESPN Brasil and the broadcasting is made from São Paulo. The current announcers are Everaldo Marques (play-by-play) and Paulo Antunes (color). Ari Aguiar (play-by-play), Rômulo Mendonça (play-by-play), Paulo Mancha (color) and Antony Curti (color) occasionally fill-in.

text: Radio broadcasts[edit]

text: Monday Night Football has also been carried on national radio networks over the years. The Mutual Broadcasting System aired the games initially, with Van Patrick (1972–1973), Lindsey Nelson (1974–1977) and Al Wester announcing. CBS Radio took over the rights in 1978 with Jack Buck and Hank Stram commentating. After a two-year stint (1985–1986) with Don Criqui and Bob Trumpy calling the games on NBC Radio, Buck and Stram resumed with CBS Radio in 1987. In 1996, Howard David and Matt Millen replaced Buck and Stram. Marv Albert and Boomer Esiason were the MNF radio voices from 2002 to 2009, with Kevin Harlan replacing Albert in 2010. Kurt Warner joined the crew in 2014 for games when Esiason is unavailable.

text: In the 1990s, CBS Radio purchased a controlling stake in Westwood One, which in turn had bought out both the NBC and Mutual networks. As of 2008, Westwood One was no longer controlled by CBS, but the network retained its NFL broadcast rights. In 2011, Westwood One was purchased by Dial Global. Then in 2014, Dial Global, including Westwood One, was acquired by Cumulus Media.

text: The Spanish-language broadcast is carried on ESPN Deportes Radio.

text: Nielsen ratings[edit]

text: This article needs to be updated. Please update this article to reflect recent events or newly available information. (December 2016)

text: The highest-rated Monday Night Football telecast on ABC was the Miami Dolphins' victory over the previously undefeated Chicago Bears on December 2, 1985, which drew a national Nielsen rating of 29.6 and a share of 46. ABC's lowest-rated MNF game was the St. Louis Rams' defeat of the Tampa Bay Buccaneers on October 18, 2004, which drew a 7.7 rating.

text: During the 1995–1996 television season, Monday Night Football averaged a 17.1 household rating. Its main competitor, Murphy Brown on CBS, averaged a 12.3 rating.[27]

text: The highest-rated Monday Night Football game on ESPN, and the highest-rated program in U.S. cable television history at that time, was the Minnesota Vikings' defeat of the Green Bay Packers 30–23 on October 5, 2009, with a rating of 15.3. The game featured the much-hyped matchup of Vikings quarterback Brett Favre facing his longtime former Green Bay team. In a press release, ESPN noted that the telecast "was watched by more than 16.8 million people. The previous record was more than 13.6 million viewers for 2008's Monday night game between the Philadelphia Eagles and Dallas Cowboys. This was subsequently beaten by ESPN's coverage of the 2011 BCS National Championship Game. ESPN also stated that the game drew the highest rating in the network's 30-year history. The 15.3 rating beat the 14.4 for a Bears-Vikings game on Dec. 6, 1987, during ESPN's first season of televising NFL games".[28] ESPN's lowest-rated MNF game to date was the New York Giants' defeat of the Atlanta Falcons on October 15, 2007, which drew a 5.7 rating.

text: ESPN's third season of Monday Night Football was the most-watched program on cable television in 2008, setting an all-time cable viewership record for the third straight year and drawing that year's three largest cable household audiences and 13 of the top 15. In three seasons on ESPN, Monday Night Football has registered seven of the top 10 all-time largest household audiences in cable history, led by the Eagles-Cowboys telecast on September 15, 2008, which attracted cable's largest household audience ever (an average of 12,953,000 homes). ESPN's 17 MNF telecasts in 2008 averaged an 8.9 rating, representing an average of 8,679,000 households (11,962,000 viewers), increases of 3%, 5% and 7%, respectively, vs. 2007 (8.6; 8,277,000 and 11,230,000).[29]

text: Additional NFL game rights[edit]

text: Playoff games[edit]

text: When ABC first acquired the rights to air MNF in 1970, it did not include any playoff games. The network was eventually allowed into the rotation of airing the Super Bowl, starting with Super Bowl XIX in January 1985. When the league expanded the playoffs from a 10-team to a 12-team tournament in 1990, ABC was then given the rights to air the first two Wild Card Playoff games.

text: After MNF was awarded to ESPN and Sunday Night Football was acquired by NBC in 2006, the Wild Card doubleheader that had aired on ABC, as well as a share of the rotating rights to the Super Bowl, was also given to NBC.

text: On April 22, 2014, the NFL announced that it had exercised an option in ESPN's recent contract extension for Monday Night Football rights to air a first-round Wild Card playoff game on the channel after the conclusion of the 2014 season. This was the first time that an NFL playoff game was ever broadcast exclusively on cable television in the United States, in lieu of any of the league's broadcast network partners.[30][31][32] The MNF broadcast team of Mike Tirico, Jon Gruden and sideline reporter Lisa Salters called the game, the first of the 2014–15 NFL playoffs. The Carolina Panthers defeated the Arizona Cardinals 27–16.[30][31] As with all MNF games, the matchup was simulcast on WJZY in Charlotte and KASW in the Phoenix market to allow local viewers over-the-air access to the game.

text: However, the cable-only playoff game experiment would only last one season. On May 11, 2015, it was announced that ABC would simulcast a Wild Card playoff game with ESPN for the 2015 season.[33] This was the first NFL game broadcast nationally on ABC since MNF left the network at the end of the 2005 season. The game, announced by the broadcast team of Tirico, Gruden and Salters, was the first of the 2015–16 NFL playoffs. The Kansas City Chiefs defeated the Houston Texans 30–0. The ESPN/ABC simulcast continued for the 2016 season as well.[34][35]

text: Pro Bowl[edit]

text: ABC televised the Pro Bowl from 1975 to 1987, and again from 1995 to 2003.

text: As part of their 2011 rights agreement, ESPN was given the exclusive rights to the Pro Bowl from 2015 through 2022.[30] Starting in 2018, it will be simulcast on ABC.


document_title: In the Garden (1912 song)

question_text: who wrote i come to the garden alone hymn

text: In the Garden (1912 song)

text: "In the Garden" (sometimes rendered by its first line "I Come to the Garden Alone"[citation needed]) is a gospel song written by American songwriter C. Austin Miles (1868–1946), a former pharmacist who served as editor and manager at Hall-Mack publishers for 37 years. According to Miles' great-granddaughter, the song was written "in a cold, dreary and leaky basement in Pitman, New Jersey that didn't even have a window in it let alone a view of a garden."[1] The song was first published in 1912 and popularized during the Billy Sunday evangelistic campaigns of the early twentieth century by two members of his staff, Homer Rodeheaver and Virginia Asher.

text: Roy Rogers and Dale Evans recorded the song with vocal quartet and orchestra on March 3, 1950.[2] Tennessee Ernie Ford performed the song on his 1956 platinum album Hymns. A June 18, 1958 recording by Perry Como was part of his album When You Come to the End of the Day.[3] Rosemary Clooney included it on her 1959 MGM Records album Hymns from the Heart. It is also used in juxtaposition to "Blue Tail Fly" near the beginning of the Merchant Ivory film The Ballad of the Sad Cafe. The book of poetry Tea by D. A. Powell also refers to the song. Doris Day recorded the song on her 1962 album You'll Never Walk Alone. Elvis Presley recorded the song on his gospel album How Great Thou Art (1967). Willie Nelson recorded the song on his 1976 gospel album The Troublemaker.[4] Glen Campbell recorded the song on his 1989 gospel album Favorite Hymns. The gospel song is sung in the closing scene of the film Places in the Heart (1984) and by Ronee Blakley in the Robert Altman film Nashville (1975).

text: The song is included on Johnny Cash's 5-CD box set Cash Unearthed, released posthumously in November, 2003,[5] and featured on disc 4, My Mother's Hymn Book. This collection of gospel songs was released as a stand-alone disc six months later.


document_title: Glycoprotein

question_text: where are sugars added to proteins to form glycoprotein

text: Glycoprotein

text: Types of glycosylation[edit]

text: There are several types of glycosylation, although the first two are the most common.

text:
In N-glycosylation, sugars are attached to nitrogen, typically on the amide side-chain of asparagine.
In O-glycosylation, sugars are attached to oxygen, typically on serine or threonine, but also on tyrosine or non-canonical amino acids such as hydroxylysine & hydroxyproline.
In P-glycosylation, sugars are attached to phosphorus on a phosphoserine.
In C-glycosylation, sugars are attached directly to carbon, such as in the addition of mannose to tryptophan.
In S-glycosylation, a beta-GlcNAc is attached to the sulfur atom of a cysteine residue[3].
In glypiation, a GPI glycolipid is attached to the C-terminus of a polypeptide, serving as a membrane anchor.
In glycation, also known as non-enzymatic glycosylation, sugars are covalently bonded to a protein or lipid molecule, without the controlling action of an enzyme, but through a Maillard reaction.

text: Monosaccharides[edit]

text: Monosaccharides commonly found in eukaryotic glycoproteins include:[4]:526

text:
The principal sugars found in human glycoproteins[5]

Sugar

Type

Abbreviation

β-D-Glucose

Hexose

Glc

β-D-Galactose

Hexose

Gal

β-D-Mannose

Hexose

Man

α-L-Fucose

Deoxyhexose

Fuc

N-Acetylgalactosamine

Aminohexose

GalNAc

N-Acetylglucosamine

Aminohexose

GlcNAc

N-Acetylneuraminic acid

Aminononulosonic acid(Sialic acid)

NeuNAc

Xylose

Pentose

Xyl

text: The sugar group(s) can assist in protein folding, improve proteins' stability and are involved in cell signalling.

text: Examples[edit]

text: One example of glycoproteins found in the body is mucins, which are secreted in the mucus of the respiratory and digestive tracts. The sugars when attached to mucins give them considerable water-holding capacity and also make them resistant to proteolysis by digestive enzymes.

text: Glycoproteins are important for white blood cell recognition.[citation needed] Examples of glycoproteins in the immune system are:

text:
molecules such as antibodies (immunoglobulins), which interact directly with antigens.
molecules of the major histocompatibility complex (or MHC), which are expressed on the surface of cells and interact with T cells as part of the adaptive immune response.
sialyl Lewis X antigen on the surface of leukocytes.

text:
H antigen of the ABO blood compatibility antigens.
Other examples of glycoproteins include:

text:
gonadotropins (luteinizing hormone a follicle-stimulating hormone)
glycoprotein IIb/IIIa, an integrin found on platelets that is required for normal platelet aggregation and adherence to the endothelium.
components of the zona pellucida, which surrounds the oocyte, and is important for sperm-egg interaction.
structural glycoproteins, which occur in connective tissue. These help bind together the fibers, cells, and ground substance of connective tissue. They may also help components of the tissue bind to inorganic substances, such as calcium in bone.
Glycoprotein-41 (gp41) and glycoprotein-120 (gp120) are HIV viral coat proteins.

text: Soluble glycoproteins often show a high viscosity, for example, in egg white and blood plasma.

text: Miraculin, is a glycoprotein extracted from Synsepalum dulcificum a berry which alters human tongue receptors to recognize sour foods as sweet.[6]

text: Variable surface glycoproteins allow the sleeping sickness Trypanosoma parasite to escape the immune response of the host.

text: The viral spike of the human immunodeficiency virus is heavily glycosylated.[7] Approximately half the mass of the spike is glycosylation and the glycans act to limit antibody recognition as the glycans are assembled by the host cell and so are largely 'self'. Over time, some patients can evolve antibodies to recognise the HIV glycans and almost all so-called 'broadly neutralising antibodies (bnAbs) recognise some glycans. This is possible mainly because the unusually high density of glycans hinders normal glycan maturation and they are therefore trapped in the premature, high-mannose, state.[8][9] This provides a window for immune recognition. In addition, as these glycans are much less variable than the underlying protein, they have emerged as promising targets for vaccine design.[10]

text: Hormones[edit]

text: Hormones that are glycoproteins include:

text:
Follicle-stimulating hormone
Luteinizing hormone
Thyroid-stimulating hormone
Human chorionic gonadotropin
Alpha-fetoprotein
Erythropoietin (EPO)

text: Functions[edit]

text:
Some functions served by glycoproteins[4]:524

Function

Glycoproteins

Structural molecule

Collagens

Lubricant and protective agent

Mucins

Transport molecule

Transferrin, ceruloplasmin

Immunologic molecule

Immunoglobulins,[11] histocompatibility antigens

Hormone

Human chorionic gonadotropin (HCG), thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH)

Enzyme

Various, e.g., alkaline phosphatase, patatin

Cell attachment-recognition site

Various proteins involved in cell–cell (e.g., sperm–oocyte), virus–cell, bacterium–cell, and hormone–cell interactions

Antifreeze protein

Certain plasma proteins of coldwater fish

Interact with specific carbohydrates

Lectins, selectins (cell adhesion lectins), antibodies

Receptor

Various proteins involved in hormone and drug action

Affect folding of certain proteins

Calnexin, calreticulin

Regulation of development

Notch and its analogs, key proteins in development

Hemostasis (and thrombosis)

Specific glycoproteins on the surface membranes of platelets

text: Analysis[edit]

text: A variety of methods used in detection, purification, and structural analysis of glycoproteins are[4]:525[11][12]

text:
Some important methods used to study glycoproteins

Method

Use

Periodic acid-Schiff stain

Detects glycoproteins as pink bands after electrophoretic separation.

Incubation of cultured cells with glycoproteins as radioactive decay bands

Leads to detection of a radioactive sugar after electrophoretic separation.

Treatment with appropriate endo- or exoglycosidase or phospholipases

Resultant shifts in electrophoretic migration help distinguish among proteins with N-glycan, O-glycan, or GPI linkages and also between high mannose and complex N-glycans.

Agarose-lectin column chromatography, lectin affinity chromatography

To purify glycoproteins or glycopeptides that bind the particular lectin used.

Lectin affinity electrophoresis

Resultant shifts in electrophoretic migration help distinguish and characterize glycoforms, i.e. variants of a glycoprotein differing in carbohydrate.

Compositional analysis following acid hydrolysis

Identifies sugars that the glycoprotein contains and their stoichiometry.

Mass spectrometry

Provides information on molecular mass, composition, sequence, and sometimes branching of a glycan chain. It can also be used for site-specific glycosylation profiling.[11]

NMR spectroscopy

To identify specific sugars, their sequence, linkages, and the anomeric nature of glycosidic chain.

Multi-angle light scattering

In conjunction with size-exclusion chromatography, UV/Vis absorption and differential refractometry, provides information on molecular mass, protein-carbohydrate ratio, aggregation state, size, and sometimes branching of a glycan chain. In conjunction with composition-gradient analysis, analyzes self- and hetero-association to determine binding affinity and stoichiometry with proteins or carbohydrates in solution without labeling.

Dual Polarisation Interferometry

Measures the mechanisms underlying the biomolecular interactions, including reaction rates, affinities and associated conformational changes.

Methylation (linkage) analysis

To determine linkage between sugars.

Amino acid or cDNA sequencing

Determination of amino acid sequence.