document_title: List of Major Crimes episodes

question_text: when does the new season of major crimes start 2015

root

text: List of Major Crimes episodes

text: Series overview[edit]

text:
Season
Episodes
Originally aired

First aired
Last aired

1
10
August 13, 2012 (2012-08-13)
October 15, 2012 (2012-10-15)

2
19
June 10, 2013 (2013-06-10)
January 13, 2014 (2014-01-13)

3
19
June 9, 2014 (2014-06-09)
January 12, 2015 (2015-01-12)

4
23
June 8, 2015 (2015-06-08)
March 14, 2016 (2016-03-14)

5
21
June 13, 2016 (2016-06-13)
April 12, 2017 (2017-04-12)

6
13
October 31, 2017 (2017-10-31)[2]
TBA

tag: table

text: Episodes[edit]

text: Season 1 (2012)[edit]

text: The theme for the first season is fairness.[3]

tag: p

text:
No.
overall
No. in
season
Title
Directed by
Written by
Original air date
Prod.
code
U.S. viewers
(millions)

1
1
"Reloaded"
Michael M. Robin
James Duff
August 13, 2012 (2012-08-13)
3X7251
7.18[4]

The Major Crimes Division (MCD) is still in shock over Chief Johnson's departure; Captain Sharon Raydor, their new leader, now has to gain the trust of the team. With little time to adjust, MCD must reach a plea bargain after a death during a rash of grocery store robberies. Detective Amy Sykes joins Major Crimes after helping with the case. Raydor decides to look after Rusty Beck, a teenaged witness in the Phillip Stroh case (see The Closer episode, "The Last Word") who has run away from his foster family.

2
2
"Before and After"
Steve Robin
Steven Kane
August 20, 2012 (2012-08-20)
3X7252
5.40[5]

Raydor mentions to Taylor that part of the internal problems at MCD is her rank, noting that she barely outranks Provenza. Taylor tells her that there is a freeze on all positions. The unit works to solve a brutal complicated homicide case.

3
3
"Medical Causes"
Paul McCrane
Michael Alaimo
August 27, 2012 (2012-08-27)
3X7253
5.74[6]

The facts become blurry in a case involving a fatal car crash at a nightclub. Meanwhile, Rusty is forced to face a harsh reality when Raydor fulfills her promise to track down his mother.

4
4
"The Ecstasy and the Agony"
Arvin Brown
Adam Belanoff
September 3, 2012 (2012-09-03)
3X7254
5.87[7]

A life strategist is enlisted to help MCD along with the FBI to solve a case having to do with the Israeli mob that could lead to trouble for major crimes. Provenza displays rare emotion with a suspect who is in a vulnerable state. Rusty has a bad day at school.

5
5
"Citizen's Arrest"
David McWhirter
Duppy Demetrius
September 10, 2012 (2012-09-10)
3X7255
4.96[8]

MCD's latest case gets help from ADA Hobbs. A DNA test reveals something about Rusty that surprises everybody.

6
6
"Out of Bounds"
Rick Wallace
Ralph Gifford & Carson Moore
September 17, 2012 (2012-09-17)
3X7256
4.67[9]

After a gang shooting turns fatal, Sharon Raydor makes an unexpected move that could end her career and harm a team member. Rusty expresses a lack of interest in meeting his biological father.

7
7
"The Shame Game"
Leo Geter
Leo Geter
September 24, 2012 (2012-09-24)
3X7257
4.30[10]

MCD tries to close a case with political ties, but confidential information keeps getting leaked. Captain Raydor's decision to be temporary guardian of Rusty gets more complicated as children and family services finds out some information that may cause Rusty to be removed from her home.

8
8
"Dismissed with Prejudice"
Jon Tenney
Jim Leonard
October 1, 2012 (2012-10-01)
3X7258
4.17[11]

Det. Tao has to question his actions due to a murder conviction being overturned eight years later. Rusty meets his father and must learn to control his emotions as he spends some time with him.

9
9
"Cheaters Never Prosper"
Stacey K. Black
Mike Berchem
October 8, 2012 (2012-10-08)
3X7259
4.33[12]

The team investigates the murder of a Las Vegas police officer, found dead in a men's room stall. Captain Raydor's fears about the irresponsibility of Rusty's father are realized.

10
10
"Long Shot"
Sheelin Choksey
Michael Alaimo
October 15, 2012 (2012-10-15)
3X7260
5.13[13]

When an important figure is shot, similarities to other cases lead MCD to cede the case to the FBI, but the team has to race against the killer to save a witness. Dealings with Rusty's father are resolved in an unusual manner.

text: Season 2 (2013–14)[edit]

text: Jonathan Del Arco (Deputy Medical Examiner Dr. Morales) and Robert Gossett (Assistant Chief Russell Taylor), previously recurring cast members, are now series regulars. Nadine Velazquez joins the cast as DDA Emma Rios, the prosecutor in charge of the Phillip Stroh case. Originally scheduled for 15 episodes, the season order was increased to 19. According to creator James Duff, the theme for season two is identity.[14]

text:
No.
overall
No. in
season
Title
Directed by
Written by
Original air date
Prod.
code
U.S. viewers
(millions)

11
1
"Final Cut"
Roxann Dawson
Leo Geter
June 10, 2013 (2013-06-10)
3X7901
5.02[15]

After a director's wife is found murdered in her home's swimming pool, the team investigates the director's pattern of adultery. DA Rios puts Rusty on edge as she grills him in preparation for the Stroh trial.

12
2
"False Pretenses"
Arvin Brown
Michael Alaimo
June 17, 2013 (2013-06-17)
3X7902
3.90[16]

Major Crimes investigates a puzzling murder-suicide. Meanwhile, Rusty receives a threatening letter, triggering DA Rios's demand that he be relocated.

13
3
"Under the Influence"
David McWhirter
Duppy Demetrius
June 24, 2013 (2013-06-24)
3X7903
4.55[17]

A TV writer, consulting with Tao, follows the team as they investigate a man (Luis Jose Lopez), caught in a high-speed pursuit, with dried blood all over his clothes. After Rusty's told to redo an essay, Sharon makes sure he writes what's true to himself.

14
4
"I, Witness"
Steve Robin
Adam Belanoff
July 1, 2013 (2013-07-01)
3X7904
4.73[18]

Flynn and Provenza drop off a witness at his hotel room, only to return and find him charged with murder; the team must scramble to prove his innocence. Rusty's friend proves to be a little different from what Sharon and others expected.

15
5
"D.O.A."
Paul McCrane
Ralph Gifford & Carson Moore
July 8, 2013 (2013-07-08)
3X7905
4.62[19]

The team investigates a shooting homicide on Mulholland Drive. Sharon's husband Jack surprises her and Rusty in the apartment.

16
6
"Boys Will Be Boys"
Anthony Hemingway
Jim Leonard
July 15, 2013 (2013-07-15)
3X7906
5.05[20]

The team looks for a transgender girl, gone missing soon after a humiliating video of her was posted online by bullies.

17
7
"Rules of Engagement"
David McWhirter
Mike Berchem & James Duff
July 22, 2013 (2013-07-22)
3X7907
5.38[21]

A drive-by shooting at a gas station turns out not to be gang-related; Sharon suggests to Jack that he act as a witness's attorney.

18
8
"The Deep End"
Rick Wallace
Michael Alaimo
July 29, 2013 (2013-07-29)
3X7908
4.99[22]

A media frenzy begins after an Olympic swimming coach kills a young Latino whom he claims broke into his home. Flynn won't attend his daughter's wedding.

19
9
"There's No Place Like Home"
Leo Geter
Duppy Demetrius
August 5, 2013 (2013-08-05)
3X7909
5.12[23]

The squad investigates the death of a landlord hated by all his tenants, former workers on a '70s TV medical examiner show. As in their show, Deputy Medical Examiner Morales comes up with the extra (beyond autopsy) evidence that solves the crime. Provenza faces desk duty if he can't improve his target practice results; Rusty tries to tell Kris he can't date her.
Note: the retired television co-workers were played by an actual quintet of predominantly octogenarian actors from various popular television shows from the 1960s onwards – Tim Conway, Paul Dooley, Ron Glass, Doris Roberts, and Marion Ross.

20
10
"Backfire"
Sheelin Choksey
Adam Belanoff
August 12, 2013 (2013-08-12)
3X7910
5.31[24]

When the team must reopen its investigation into a young woman's murder, it turns out that she was a FBI informant. Rusty, still waiting to give his witness testimony, is shaken up by her fate.

21
11
"Poster Boy"
Michael M. Robin
Leo Geter
August 19, 2013 (2013-08-19)
3X7911
5.29[25]

The team goes on the trail of a serial killer who lives in the homes of his victims after he murders them. Rusty is still receiving threatening letters.

22
12
"Pick Your Poison"
Steve Robin
Jim Leonard
November 25, 2013 (2013-11-25)
3X7912
3.65[26]

The team investigates the murder of two immigrant high-school students by cyanide-laced drugs. Rusty bitterly agrees to his new around-the-clock protection. Meanwhile, Provenza tries to convince Sharon there's a better way to protect Rusty.

23
13
"Jailbait"
Michael M. Robin
Ralph Gifford & Carson Moore
December 2, 2013 (2013-12-02)
3X7913
4.21[27]

When the team gets called in to track down a parolee, they find him dead under a bridge. Sharon brings in a therapist for Rusty, Dr. Joe (Bill Brochtrup).

24
14
"All In"
Anthony Hemingway
James Duff & Mike Berchem
December 9, 2013 (2013-12-09)
3X7914
3.72[28]

After a man's found at the bottom of a pond on a golf course, bludgeoned to death, the team has six suspects to consider. Rusty's upset that his therapy sessions will likely be brought up in court.

25
15
"Curve Ball"
Jon Tenney
Michael Alaimo
December 16, 2013 (2013-12-16)
3X7915
4.36[29]

Flynn and Provenza, off-duty, happen upon a RV break-in and discover a murder victim inside. Dr. Joe pushes Rusty to talk about life with his mom.

26
16
"Risk Assessment"
Stacey K. Black
Duppy Demetrius
December 23, 2013 (2013-12-23)
3X7916
4.47[30]

Just before Christmas, the team catches the case of a murder victim wrapped up in a rug; the victim turns out to be both a congressman's son and a FBI witness.

27
17
"Year-End Blowout"
David McWhirter
Leo Geter & Ralph Gifford & Carson Moore
December 30, 2013 (2013-12-30)
3X7917
5.21[31]

The team investigates the bombing of an SUV at a car dealership that killed the owner's son. Rusty struggles in his training for the undercover operation meant to draw out the writer of the letters threatening him.

28
18
"Return to Sender"
Rick Wallace
Michael Alaimo
January 6, 2014 (2014-01-06)
3X7918
4.95[32]

A body turns up that the team connects to the letter-writer (Augustus Prew) but they don't realize he's infiltrated the undercover protection around Rusty and is moving in for the kill.

29
19
"Return to Sender Part 2"
James Duff
Adam Belanoff
January 13, 2014 (2014-01-13)
3X7919
5.43[33]

Rusty takes the stand in the case against Philip Stroh and matches wits with Stroh's lawyer (Jeri Ryan). Meanwhile the team closes in on the letter-writer, still at large.

text: Season 3 (2014–15)[edit]

text: Recurring guest stars will include Jon Tenney as Special Agent Fritz Howard, Tom Berenger as Sharon's husband Jack, Bill Brochtrup as Rusty's therapist Dr. Joe Bowman, Malcolm-Jamal Warner as Lt. Chuck Cooper, Ransford Doherty as Coroner Investigator Kendall, Kathe Mazur as Deputy DA Andrea Hobbs and Laurie Holden as SWAT Commander Ann McGinnis.[34] The theme for the season is expectations.[35]

text:
No.
overall
No. in
season
Title
Directed by
Written by
Original air date
Prod.
code
U.S. viewers
(millions)

30
1
"Flight Risk"
David McWhirter
Michael Alaimo
June 9, 2014 (2014-06-09)
4X5751
5.16[36]

The team uncovers a family's secrets when a father and his two young children go missing. Meanwhile, Raydor must trust Rusty when he starts to venture out on his own.

31
2
"Personal Day"
Rick Wallace
Duppy Demetrius
June 16, 2014 (2014-06-16)
4X5752
4.64[37]

A self-proclaimed innocent man is found murdered after his release from prison. The seventeen-year-old murder case is reopened. Rusty admits to Raydor his reason for the suspicious visits.

32
3
"Frozen Assets"
Paul McCrane
Adam Belanoff
June 23, 2014 (2014-06-23)
4X5753
4.91[38]

The murder of a dog that was left a 20-million-dollar estate by his deceased owner, an heiress, forces the team to suspect foul play in the owner's death. Wannabe detective Jonathan "Dick Tracy" Baird (Andrew Daly), returns (The Closer episode "Tapped Out") to assist the Major Crimes unit with the case.

33
4
"Letting It Go"
Steve Robin
Jim Leonard & Damani Johnson
June 30, 2014 (2014-06-30)
4X5754
5.06[39]

An alleged rapist's murder prompts an emotional investigation of suspects. Meanwhile, Rusty questions his mother's motives when he catches her in a lie.

34
5
"Do Not Disturb"
Sheelin Choksey
Ralph Gifford & Carson Moore
July 7, 2014 (2014-07-07)
4X5755
4.86[40]

A foreigner is found murdered in his hotel room, and the squad must quickly find the killer before an Indian diplomat's involvement in the case causes international repercussions. Meanwhile, Rusty must decide on how to share a secret with the squad.

35
6
"Jane Doe #38"
Steve Robin
Michael Alaimo & Kendall Sherwood
July 14, 2014 (2014-07-14)
4X5756
5.25[41]

When a young runaway is found murdered in a trash can, the team is doubly tasked with learning her identity and finding her killer. Meanwhile, Raydor and her husband Jack discuss Rusty's future.

36
7
"Two Options"
Michael M. Robin
James Duff & Mike Berchem
July 21, 2014 (2014-07-21)
4X5757
5.56[43]

SWAT officers discover an elderly couple shot dead in their own home. Major Crimes teams up with the Special Operations Bureau (SOB) and FBI Agent Howard to find the killer, who also took hostages from the home. Howard is suggested for consideration as the new Deputy Chief for SOB.
note: The LAPD Special Operations Bureau includes SWAT, SIS and Air Support Division – all featured in this episode. Actual LAPD helicopter pilot Steve Roussell[42] makes his first of six appearances as an unnamed LAPD pilot in this Major Crimes episode, following his six episodes "in flight" on The Closer.

37
8
"Cutting Loose"
Roxann Dawson
Duppy Demetrius
July 28, 2014 (2014-07-28)
4X5758
5.85[44]

Lt. Tao has double duty when the star (Luke Perry) of the failing cop show on which he consults becomes the prime suspect in the murder of a stalker-fan.

38
9
"Sweet Revenge"
David McWhirter
Adam Belanoff
August 4, 2014 (2014-08-04)
4X5759
5.24[45]

The team investigates the murder of an entrepreneur with questionable morals and possible mob connections. Meanwhile, Rusty tries to win over Raydor's son Ricky who comes home to visit, and Fritz Howard prepares to assume command of the Special Operations Bureau.

39
10
"Zoo Story"
Michael M. Rouibin
Leo Geter & Jim Leonard
August 11, 2014 (2014-08-11)
4X5760
5.73[46]

A female police officer, with a physical resemblance to a series of kidnapped girls, is abducted from an under-21 night club. Rusty's biological mother is arrested for shoplifting and asks Rusty to help bail her out, even if it means returning to his old ways. Newly appointed Deputy Chief Howard suffers a cardiac event and must secretly wear a pacemaker, if he wishes to continue working.

40
11
"Down the Drain"
Steve Robin
Duppy Demetrius
November 24, 2014 (2014-11-24)
4X5761
2.94[47]

The body of a young, recently pregnant woman is found in a storm drain and it's discovered that she had been working a surrogacy scam on three families; the team must figure out who murdered her and find the baby. Rusty tries to find a way to tell his mother about his upcoming adoption.

41
12
"Party Foul"
Rick Wallace
Michael Alaimo
December 1, 2014 (2014-12-01)
4X5762
4.02[48]

The bloody bodies of a first-year college student and her murdered boyfriend, stabbed with the same pair of scissors, are found in the garage during a raucous, crowded birthday party; Provenza tries to get answers from the girl, in critical condition at the hospital, and her grandmother. Rusty becomes interested in a colleague.

42
13
"Acting Out"
Sheelin Choksey
Adam Belanoff
December 8, 2014 (2014-12-08)
4X5763
3.59[49]

A former child star, trying to make his comeback in an indie film, is found dead on the streets, where he was researching his role as an addict. Flynn's daughter has the wrong idea about her father and Sharon's relationship.

43
14
"Trial by Fire"
Stacy K. Black
Ralph Gifford & Carson Moore
December 15, 2014 (2014-12-15)
4X5764
3.53[50]

Soon after a gang member who killed an innocent boy in a drive-by is found not guilty because a witness was too scared to testify, the accused's body is found burned in the trunk of his car. The team investigates but must deal with Jack, the lawyer for one suspect, and Deputy Chief Howard's concerns about a gang war.

44
15
"Chain Reaction"
David McWhirter
Kendall Sherwood
December 22, 2014 (2014-12-22)
4X5765
3.82[51]

One bad Santa takes advantage of a Kris Kringle flashmob right outside to rob a bank; alerted too late, the security guard shoots and kills the wrong Father Christmas in the Claus-chaotic getaway. Rusty's uneasy about Sharon's son and daughter, home for the holidays, keeping a secret from her.

45
16
"Leap of Faith"
Jon Tenney
Damani Johnson
December 29, 2014 (2014-12-29)
4X5766
4.43[52]

After Flynn stops a man from jumping off an overpass, he discovers the body of a girl with autism under a tarp in the back of the man's truck and the team learns that he's a registered sex offender. Rusty is asked to write a victim impact statement.

46
17
"Internal Affairs"
Anthony Hemingway
Michael Alaimo
January 5, 2015 (2015-01-05)
4X5767
4.31[53]

The caregiver of Sanchez's mother is found dead, just hours after Sanchez attacks him, believing he stole from her. As Sharon does her best to help Sanchez with Internal Affairs, Rusty finds Jack drunk at her condo.

47
18
"Special Master Part One"
Steve Robin
Story by : Mike Berchem
Teleplay by : Ralph Gifford & Carson Moore
January 12, 2015 (2015-01-12)
4X5768
3.74[54]

Via his special master, Philip Stroh, in return for a new deal, tells DA Rios that three women will soon die. After the first is found dead in a burned-down house, the team tries to uncover who the next will be and how Stroh knows about these murders even as Rusty, per a term in the new deal, must endure an interview with Stroh.

48
19
"Special Master Part Two"
Leo Geter
Story by : Mike Berchem
Teleplay by : Leo Geter & Jim Leonard
January 12, 2015 (2015-01-12)
4X5769
3.49[54]

After the team barely escapes a house rigged to go up in flames, their search for the serial rapist and murderer they dub "Burning Man" narrows when Sharon realizes that Philip Stroh hasn't been communicating with the culprit but has detected the pattern of his killings. But Stroh has one more trick left.

text: Season 4 (2015–16)[edit]

text: The theme for the season is courage.[55]

text:
No.
overall
No. in
season
Title
Directed by
Written by
Original air date
Prod.
code
U.S. viewers
(millions)

49
1
"A Rose Is a Rose"
David McWhirter
Duppy Demetrius
June 8, 2015 (2015-06-08)
4X6101
3.99[56]

As Sanchez returns from leave, the team investigates a murder that seems to be linked to a recent series of home invasions. Rusty gives up covering the investigation for his journalism class and instead reconsiders the murdered runaway whom the team wasn't able to identify ("Jane Doe #38").

50
2
"Sorry I Missed You"
Sheelin Choksey
Kendall Sherwood
June 15, 2015 (2015-06-15)
4X6102
3.81[57]

The team has to look into a carjacking after the speeding driver, pursued by police, makes it to LA, fatally crashing only for the trunk to pop open and the car's owner, shot to death, falling out onto the road. Rusty visits the accused in jail in his effort to discover Alice's real name.

51
3
"Open Line"
Rick Wallace
Ralph Gifford & Carson Moore
June 22, 2015 (2015-06-22)
4X6103
4.24[58]

The team looks into the brutal beating and murder of a supermodel who was cyber stalked; the LAPD's servers are soon infected with spyware. Meanwhile, Rusty and Sharon are subpoenaed because of Rusty's prison visit.

52
4
"Turn Down"
Paul McCrane
Adam Belanoff
June 29, 2015 (2015-06-29)
4X6104
4.39[59]

On Buzz's first night as a reserve officer, on a ridealong with Flynn and Provenza, he insists on treating the death of a wedding guest in a hotel bathtub as suspicious. The team soon finds itself investigating a pre-nuptial homicide. Rusty continues his search for Alice's true identity, trying to crack her voicemail password.

53
5
"Snitch"
Steve Robin
Damani Johnson
July 6, 2015 (2015-07-06)
4X6105
4.02[60]

As the team investigates the latest in a series of gang killings, Sykes tries to protect a young eyewitness by not revealing her existence. Flynn tries to get up the courage to take the next step in his relationship with Sharon. Rusty turns to Dr. Joe for advice on his journalistic pursuit of Alice's identity.

54
6
"Personal Effects"
Sylvain White
Michael Alaimo
July 13, 2015 (2015-07-13)
4X6106
4.19[61]

A bullet-holed skeleton is found off a trail in Mulholland and quickly determined to be the remains of a rapist. Provenza pays Rusty to secretly move his stuff into storage while Provenza's girlfriend Patrice cleans house.

55
7
"Targets of Opportunity"
Michael M. Robin
Jim Leonard
July 20, 2015 (2015-07-20)
4X6107
4.31[62]

The team investigates a case involving two murdered cops and a young man on the run. Rusty takes advantage of the situation to continue his pursuit of Alice's identity.

56
8
"Hostage to Fortune"
Paul McCrane
Adam Belanoff
July 27, 2015 (2015-07-27)
4X6108
4.39[63]

The team investigates a kidnapping with the help of an obnoxious, possibly corrupt FBI agent (Alan Ruck). Rusty sets up a meeting with Alice's brother, Gustavo, but at the expense of his relationship with newfound friend T. J. Gus tells Rusty that Alice's real name was Marianna.

57
9
"Wish You Were Here"
Paul McCrane
Adam Belanoff
August 3, 2015 (2015-08-03)
4X6109
4.57[64]

The team investigates when the death of a man goes viral on YouTube. Hobbs tries to make a deal with Marianna's brother Gus, with the help of Rusty and Flynn.

58
10
"Fifth Dynasty"
Michael M. Robin
Kendall Sherwood
August 10, 2015 (2015-08-10)
4X6110
4.47[65]

The team investigates the death of the son of a Superior Court Judge and a possible link to the Aryan Brotherhood. Flynn's search for Marianna's sister Paloma turns up something, leaving her brother Gus with a hard decision.

59
11
"Four of a Kind"
Rick Wallace
Ralph Gifford & Carson Moore
November 2, 2015 (2015-11-02)
4X6111
2.22[66]

The team investigates the shooting of four rich people, dumped in the back of an SUV and then dropped off at a hospital. Rusty wants his next journalism story to be about Marianna's accused killer. Flynn is injured while trying to arrest a suspect.

60
12
"Blackout"
David McWhirter
Damani Johnson
November 9, 2015 (2015-11-09)
4X6112
2.60[67]

When a man on trial for killing his wife tries to withdraw his confession, the team hurries to re-investigate the case and outwit the defense attorney, Sharon's ex-husband Jack (Tom Berenger). During a jailhouse interview with Slider, Marianna's accused killer, Rusty begins to suspect that his lawyer has been withholding information from him.

61
13
"Reality Check"
Sheelin Choksey
Michael Alaimo
November 16, 2015 (2015-11-16)
4X6113
2.55[68]

The team investigates the suspicious death of a wife participating in a dysfunctional-couple reality-TV show; Flynn convalesces at Sharon's apartment.

62
14
"Taking the Fall"
Stacey K. Black
Jim Leonard & Nick Zayas
November 23, 2015 (2015-11-23)
4X6114
2.49[69]

The team investigates the murder of a stockbroker soon after he was confronted by a driver seemingly consumed with road-rage. Flynn suffers a setback in his convalescence and requires surgery to remove a migrating blood clot.

63
15
"The Jumping Off Point"
Nzingha Stewart
Leo Geter & Michael Zara
November 30, 2015 (2015-11-30)
4X6115
3.69[70]

A young man is pushed off a parking structure and the investigation reveals he should not have been able to afford a high-end apartment without any visible means of support. Meanwhile, Flynn must endure an overly cheerful physical therapist.

64
16
"Thick as Thieves"
Jon Tenney
Kendall Sherwood
December 7, 2015 (2015-12-07)
4X6116
3.29[71]

Flynn returns to work but is limited to desk duty, while the team investigates a fugitive diamond thief's body found by his bail bondsmen. Marianna's brother Gus learns of Rusty's relationship with Slider who goes on trial for her murder.

65
17
"#FindKaylaWeber"
David Harp
Duppy Demetrius
December 14, 2015 (2015-12-14)
4X6117
3.00[72]

The daughter of a pro baseball player goes missing, leading to a surprising conclusion. Slider faces sentencing in Marianna's murder while Rusty has to deal with the fallout of Gus' discovery of his friendship with Slider.

66
18
"Penalty Phase"
Michael M. Robin
Adam Belanoff
December 21, 2015 (2015-12-21)
4X6118
3.69[73]

The squad pursues a man who includes people in a film he is making before he murders them. Rusty must deal with the possibility of his relationship with Marianna's brother Gus becoming romantic.

67
19
"Hindsight, Part 1"
Michael Robin
James Duff & Mike Berchem
February 15, 2016 (2016-02-15)
4X6119
3.08[74]

The squad investigates the fatal shooting of a woman and her young son in gang territory, with the gun linked to high-profile murders years earlier. Sykes begins an uneasy alliance with a disgraced former LAPD detective. They find the gun during a search of the church of reformed cop killer, linked to one of the early murders. Rusty and Gus deal with the return of Rusty's mom's ex-boyfriend, who is a suspect in an armed robbery.

68
20
"Hindsight, Part 2"
Stacey K. Black
Damani Johnson
February 22, 2016 (2016-02-22)
4X6120
3.19[75]

A recently released prisoner linked to the high profile murders ends up dead after being questioned by the police. Meanwhile Rusty's mom goes missing.

69
21
"Hindsight, Part 3"
Patrick G. Duffy
Ralph Gifford & Carson Moore
February 29, 2016 (2016-02-29)
4X6121
2.94[76]

The husband of the dead mother and son is released on bail to attend the funeral. It appears he lashed out at a rival Latino gang killing a number of them. So the squad has to pull out all stops to prevent a gang war from starting at the funeral. Meanwhile Rusty's mom is arrested across town for driving in a car flagged as a getaway car.

70
22
"Hindsight, Part 4"
Leo Geter
Michael Alaimo
March 7, 2016 (2016-03-07)
4X6122
3.49[77]

The brother of the Reverend cop killer is arrested after a shootout at a motel killing the husband that was released on bail. It turns out he is the kingpin in the drug trade out of the church without his brother knowing. But this brother doesn't believe the cops and is convinced he should talk to his brother with a button camera. The ex-boyfriend of Rusty's mom is arrested on the information she provides.

71
23
"Hindsight, Part 5"
Michael Robin
Duppy Demetrius & Mike Berchem
March 14, 2016 (2016-03-14)
4X6123
3.41[78]

The squad closes in on the killer leading to a surprising ending. Provenza prepares for his wedding, while Rusty works to prove his biological mother's innocence.

text: Season 5 (2016–17)[edit]

text: The theme for the season is balance.[79] The final eight episodes focus on connections.[80]

text:
No.
overall
No. in
season
Title
Directed by
Written by
Original air date
Prod.
code
U.S. viewers
(millions)

72
1
"Present Tense"
Sheelin Choksey
Damani Johnson
June 13, 2016 (2016-06-13)
4X7751
3.62[81]

The squad investigates the disappearance of a fifteen year old girl leading to a surprising family connection. Meanwhile, Andy considers selling his home, Buzz looks into the murders of his father and uncle. Rusty experiences relationship troubles with Gus.

73
2
"N.S.F.W."
Sylvain White
Kendall Sherwood
June 20, 2016 (2016-06-20)
4X7752
3.66[82]

A police detective, who is privately conducting an investigation of a porn studio, is found murdered in one of the studio's properties. Buzz continues working on his father and uncle's murders. Rusty's biological mother is pregnant, and Sharon urges the two of them to talk.

74
3
"Foreign Affairs"
Nzingha Stewart
Carson Moore
June 27, 2016 (2016-06-27)
4X7753
3.99[83]

A beheaded body is found along with a video of the ISIS-style execution. The team clashes with federal investigators over jurisdiction. Sharon, Rusty and Gus discuss family issues. Buzz views the video of his father and uncle's murder.

75
4
"Skin Deep"
Steve Robin
Adam Belanoff
July 11, 2016 (2016-07-11)
4X7754
3.92[84]

While looking at a potential home to buy, Flynn (with Provenza and Buzz) discover a murdered woman, a real estate agent, floating in the pool. Suspects include her plastic surgeon and dentist. Provenza gives Buzz some case files of crimes similar to his father and uncle's murder at an ATM. Flynn, Sharon and Rusty review the house together and decide against it.

76
5
"Cashed Out"
Paul McCrane
Ralph Gifford
July 18, 2016 (2016-07-18)
4X7755
3.72[85]

As Julio works to become a foster father, he comes under investigation by a social worker for his surprising method of taking down the killer in a brutal murder.

77
6
"Tourist Trap"
Rick Wallace
Duppy Demetrius
July 25, 2016 (2016-07-25)
4X7756
3.65[86]

The team investigates a seemingly random mugging and murder of the husband of a vacationing British couple. Provenza gives advice to Buzz on how to investigate his father and uncle's murders. Rusty and his mother reconcile.

78
7
"Moral Hazard"
David McWhirter
Nick Zayas
August 1, 2016 (2016-08-01)
4X7757
3.65[87]

A down-on-his-luck man (Jere Burns) begins a killing spree against people from his past who he believes have wronged him. Rusty works on fingerprint evidence for Buzz's investigation.

79
8
"Off the Wagon"
Stacey K. Black
Michael Zara
August 15, 2016 (2016-08-15)
4X7758
3.18[88]

A former child star restarting his career dies and Flynn investigates as a favor to his daughter; Buzz contemplates how to proceed in his investigation into his father and uncle's killers while Rusty makes a decision regarding his mother's pregnancy and reaches a new milestone in his relationship with Gus. Stephanie Courtney has a cameo appearance as an unethical doctor.

80
9
"Family Law"
David Harp
Mike Berchem
August 22, 2016 (2016-08-22)
4X7759
3.94[89]

The team investigates the murder of a divorce attorney with suspects ranging from his wife to a prostitute who possessed a surprising connection to the victim; Buzz's efforts to find his father's killer finally hit a breakthrough; Julio is assigned to foster Mark Jarvis, a troublesome child.

81
10
"Dead Zone"
Patrick G. Duffy
Kendall Sherwood
August 29, 2016 (2016-08-29)
4X7760
3.98[90]

The team's investigation of the murder of Mark's mother leads to a crime organization (the Zyklon Brotherhood) planning to start a race war. Buzz and Provenza interview one of the two men suspected of murdering Buzz's father and uncle.

82
11
"White Lies Part 1"
Michael M. Robin
James Duff
September 5, 2016 (2016-09-05)
4X7761
4.14[91]

The murder trial of a white supremacist takes a horrifying turn when he grabs a (supposedly unloaded) gun entered into evidence and kills several people, including Deputy Chief Taylor, before Sharon kills him in return. The team races to determine who might have conspired to make the shootings possible and bring down the Zyklon Brotherhood. Buzz continues to investigate the murders of his father and uncle by interviewing an alibi witness.

83
12
"White Lies Part 2"
Sheelin Choksey
Damani Johnson
September 12, 2016 (2016-09-12)
4X7762
3.29[92]

The squad continues its investigation into the conspiracy surrounding the courtroom shooting and a possible family connection to Dwight Darnell; Buzz's investigation turns up the name of his father and uncle's killer.

84
13
"White Lies Part 3"
Michael M. Robin
Carson Moore
September 19, 2016 (2016-09-19)
4X7763
3.10[93]

The team is able to shut down the Zyklon Brotherhood but must still track down the true mastermind behind the courtroom shooting; Julio's new foster son Mark is taken to his grandparents, leading to a tearful goodbye; with the help of Rusty, Buzz is able to identify and arrest his father and uncle's killer who confesses; however, the man has a family, leaving Buzz disturbed; Fritz Howard contemplates taking Taylor's job; at the end of the episode, Andy collapses from an apparent heart attack.

85
14
"Heart Failure"
Nzingha Stewart
Ralph Gifford
February 22, 2017 (2017-02-22)
4X7764
1.93[94]

Andy has survived his heart incident and has returned to light duty. The squad investigates a brutal murder with a new Deputy Chief (Camryn Manheim) breathing down their necks; meanwhile Buzz receives a distressing letter, Sharon receives distressing news about an old enemy and Rusty worries about his future with Gus.

86
15
"Cleared History"
Jennifer Phang
Adam Belanoff
March 1, 2017 (2017-03-01)
4X7765
2.28[95]

The squad investigates a murder that leads them to a child pornography ring. Rusty has to deal with the fallout of his decision regarding Gus and the implications of why he made that decision.

87
16
"Quid Pro Quo"
Sylvain White
Michael Zara
March 8, 2017 (2017-03-08)
4X7766
2.48[96]

A murder case goes sideways at trial when defense attorney Linda Rothman is able to destroy Det. Amy Sykes's credibility on the stand. Helping Rothman as a defense investigator is Amy's old nemesis, Mark Hickman.

88
17
"Dead Drop"
Stacey K. Black
Nick Zayas
March 15, 2017 (2017-03-15)
4X7767
2.26[97]

The squad finds a very heavy body forty feet up a tree surrounded by loose marijuana when Dr. Morales shows up to the crime scene with his father, a retired detective from Uruguay. Meanwhile, Julio Sanchez works to become the legal guardian of Mark Jarvis while Andy Flynn prepares a special surprise for Sharon.

89
18
"Bad Blood"
Steve Robin
Kendall Sherwood
March 22, 2017 (2017-03-22)
4X7768
2.37[98]

Sharon's son, Ricky, comes home for a surprise visit while Major Crimes investigates what looks like the "follow home" murder of a retired LAPD fraud detective, who may have been murdered for an arrest she made decades ago.

90
19
"Intersection"
Rick Wallace
Damani Johnson
March 29, 2017 (2017-03-29)
4X7769
2.44[99]

As the war between bikes and cars escalates in the streets of L.A., Acting Assistant Chief Fritz Howard deploys Major Crimes to solve a tragic hit-and-run. Lt. Provenza, frustrated by the never-ending contest to succeed Russell Taylor, contemplates retirement.

91
20
"Shockwave, Part 1"
Patrick G. Duffy
Ralph Gifford
April 5, 2017 (2017-04-05)
4X7770
2.43[100]

An explosion with C-4 at a crime scene brings the division between new deputy chief of operations Winnie Davis and Major Crimes to a head. Rusty faces a major decision in his relationship with Gus.

92
21
"Shockwave, Part 2"
Michael M. Robin
Duppy Demetrius
April 12, 2017 (2017-04-12)
4X7771
2.89[101]

The squad works to capture the bomber who turns out to be the key witness in another murder. As Rusty makes a decision about his future with Gus, the competition for the rank of Assistant Chief ends.

text: Season 6[edit]

text:
No.
overall
No. in
season
Title
Directed by
Written by
Original air date
Prod.
code
U.S. viewers
(millions)

93
1
"Sanctuary City: Part 1"[102]
Michael M. Robin
James Duff
October 31, 2017 (2017-10-31)
TBA
TBD

94
2
"Sanctuary City: Part 2"[103]
TBA
TBA
November 7, 2017 (2017-11-07)
TBA
TBD

text: Ratings[edit]

text: Season 1[edit]

text:
No.
Title
Original air date
Viewers
(in millions)
Rating
(Adults 18–49)
Rank per week
on Cable

1
"Reloaded"
August 13, 2012 (2012-08-13)
7.18[4]
1.2[4]
#2[104]

2
"Before and After"
August 20, 2012 (2012-08-20)
5.40[5]
0.9[5]
#1[105]

3
"Medical Causes"
August 27, 2012 (2012-08-27)
5.74[6]
0.9[6]
#8[106]

4
"The Ecstasy and the Agony"
September 3, 2012 (2012-09-03)
5.87[7]
1.0[7]
#2[107]

5
"Citizen's Arrest"
September 10, 2012 (2012-09-10)
4.96[8]
0.9[8]
#6[108]

6
"Out of Bounds"
September 17, 2012 (2012-09-17)
4.67[9]
0.8[9]
#3[109]

7
"The Shame Game"
September 24, 2012 (2012-09-24)
4.30[10]
0.8[10]
#4[110]

8
"Dismissed with Prejudice"
October 1, 2012 (2012-10-01)
4.17[11]
0.7[11]
#21[111]

9
"Cheaters Never Prosper"
October 8, 2012 (2012-10-08)
4.33[12]
0.7[12]
#21[112]

10
"Long Shot"
October 15, 2012 (2012-10-15)
5.13[13]
0.9[13]
#11[113]

text: Season 2[edit]

text:
No.
Title
Original air date
Viewers
(in millions)
Rating
(Adults 18–49)
Rank per week
on Cable

1
"Final Cut"
June 10, 2013 (2013-06-10)
5.02[15]
0.9[15]
#1[114]

2
"False Pretenses"
June 17, 2013 (2013-06-17)
3.90[16]
0.7[16]
#12[115]

3
"Under the Influence"
June 24, 2013 (2013-06-24)
4.55[17]
0.8[17]
#5[116]

4
"I, Witness"
July 1, 2013 (2013-07-01)
4.73[18]
0.8[18]
#3[117]

5
"D.O.A."
July 8, 2013 (2013-07-08)
4.62[19]
0.8[19]
#4[118]

6
"Boys Will Be Boys"
July 15, 2013 (2013-07-15)
5.05[20]
0.8[19]
#5[119]

7
"Rules of Engagement"
July 22, 2013 (2013-07-22)
5.38[21]
0.9[21]
#3[120]

8
"The Deep End"
July 29, 2013 (2013-07-29)
4.99[22]
0.9[22]
#3[121]

9
"There's No Place Like Home"
August 5, 2013 (2013-08-05)
5.12[23]
0.7[23]
#3[122]

10
"Backfire"
August 12, 2013 (2013-08-12)
5.31[24]
0.9[24]
#3[123]

11
"Poster Boy"
August 19, 2013 (2013-08-19)
5.31[25]
0.8[25]
#5[124]

12
"Pick Your Poison"
November 25, 2013 (2013-11-25)
3.65[26]
0.7[26]
#22[125]

13
"Jailbait"
December 2, 2013 (2013-12-02)
4.21[27]
0.7[27]
#5[126]

14
"All In"
December 9, 2013 (2013-12-09)
3.72[28]
0.7[28]
#18[127]

15
"Curve Ball"
December 16, 2013 (2013-12-16)
4.36[29]
0.7[29]
#6[128]

16
"Risk Assessment"
December 23, 2013 (2013-12-23)
4.47[30]
0.7[30]
#8[129]

17
"Year-End Blowout"
December 30, 2013 (2013-12-30)
5.21[31]
0.7[31]
#11[130]

18
"Return to Sender"
January 6, 2014 (2014-01-06)
4.95[32]
0.8[32]
#5[131]

19
"Return to Sender Part 2"
January 13, 2014 (2014-01-13)
5.43[33]
0.8[33]
#4[132]

text: Season 3[edit]

text:
No.
Title
Original air date
Viewers
(in millions)
Rating
(Adults 18–49)
Rank per week
on Cable

1
"Flight Risk"
June 9, 2014 (2014-06-09)
5.16[36]
0.9[36]
#2[133]

2
"Personal Day"
June 16, 2014 (2014-06-16)
4.64[37]
0.7[37]
#7[134]

3
"Frozen Assets"
June 23, 2014 (2014-06-23)
4.91[38]
0.8[38]
#8[135]

4
"Letting It Go"
June 30, 2014 (2014-06-30)
5.06[39]
0.8[39]
#6[136]

5
"Do Not Disturb"
July 7, 2014 (2014-07-07)
4.86[40]
0.8[40]
#4[136]

6
"Jane Doe #38"
July 14, 2014 (2014-07-14)
5.25[41]
0.9[41]
#2[137]

7
"Two Options"
July 21, 2014 (2014-07-21)
5.56[43]
0.9[43]
#1[138]

8
"Cutting Loose"
July 28, 2014 (2014-07-28)
5.85[44]
1.0[44]
#1[139]

9
"Sweet Revenge"
August 4, 2014 (2014-08-04)
5.24[45]
0.8[45]
#1[140]

10
"Zoo Story"
August 11, 2014 (2014-08-11)
5.73[46]
0.8[46]
#1[141]

11
"Down the Drain"
November 24, 2014 (2014-11-24)
2.94[47]
0.5[47]
TBA

12
"Party Foul"
December 1, 2014 (2014-12-01)
4.02[48]
0.6[48]
#10[142]

13
"Acting Out"
December 8, 2014 (2014-12-08)
3.59[49]
0.6[49]
#7[143]

14
"Trial by Fire"
December 15, 2014 (2014-12-15)
3.53[50]
0.6[50]
#10[144]

15
"Chain Reaction"
December 22, 2014 (2014-12-22)
3.82[51]
0.6[51]
#11[145]

16
"Leap of Faith"
December 29, 2014 (2014-12-29)
4.43[52]
0.7[52]
#17[146]

17
"Internal Affairs"
January 5, 2015 (2015-01-05)
4.31[53]
0.7[53]
#1[147]

18
"Special Master Part One"
January 12, 2015 (2015-01-12)
3.74[54]
0.6[54]
#9[148]

19
"Special Master Part Two"
January 12, 2015 (2015-01-12)
3.49[54]
0.5[54]
#12[148]

text: Season 4[edit]

text:
No.
Title
Original air date
Viewers
(in millions)
Rating
(Adults 18–49)
Rank per week
on Cable

1
"A Rose Is a Rose"
June 8, 2015 (2015-06-08)
3.99[56]
0.5[149]
#2[150]

2
"Sorry I Missed You"
June 15, 2015 (2015-06-15)
3.81[57]
0.5[151]
#6[152]

3
"Open Line"
June 22, 2015 (2015-06-22)
4.24[58]
0.6[153]
#4[154]

4
"Turn Down"
June 29, 2015 (2015-06-29)
4.39[59]
0.7[155]
#1[156]

5
"Snitch"
July 6, 2015 (2015-07-06)
4.02[60]
0.5[157]
#2[158]

6
"Personal Effects"
July 13, 2015 (2015-07-13)
4.19[61]
0.6[159]
#2[160]

7
"Targets of Opportunity"
July 20, 2015 (2015-07-20)
4.31[62]
0.7[161]
#2[162]

8
"Hostage to Fortune"
July 27, 2015 (2015-07-27)
4.39[63]
0.6[63]
#3[163]

9
"Wish You Were Here"
August 3, 2015 (2015-08-03)
4.57[64]
0.7[64]
#6[164]

10
"Fifth Dynasty"
August 10, 2015 (2015-08-10)
4.47[65]
0.6[65]
#1[165]

11
"Four of a Kind"
November 2, 2015 (2015-11-02)
2.22[66]
0.4[66]
TBA

12
"Blackout"
November 9, 2015 (2015-11-09)
2.60[67]
0.5[67]
TBA

13
"Reality Check"
November 16, 2015 (2015-11-16)
2.55[68]
0.3[68]
TBA

14
"Taking the Fall"
November 23, 2015 (2015-11-23)
2.49[69]
0.4[69]
TBA

15
"The Jumping Off Point"
November 30, 2015 (2015-11-30)
3.69[70]
0.5[70]
#13[166]

16
"Thick as Thieves"
December 7, 2015 (2015-12-07)
3.29[71]
0.4[71]
#12[167]

17
"#FindKaylaWeber"
December 14, 2015 (2015-12-14)
3.00[72]
0.4[72]
#23[168]

18
"Penalty Phase"
December 21, 2015 (2015-12-21)
3.69[73]
0.5[73]
#7[169]

19
"Hindsight Part 1"
February 15, 2016 (2016-02-15)
3.08[74]
0.4[74]
#13[170]

20
"Hindsight Part 2"
February 22, 2016 (2016-02-22)
3.19[75]
0.5[75]
#14[171]

21
"Hindsight Part 3"
February 29, 2016 (2016-02-29)
2.94[76]
0.4[76]
#25[172]

22
"Hindsight Part 4"
March 7, 2016 (2016-03-07)
3.49[77]
0.5[77]
TBA

23
"Hindsight Part 5"
March 14, 2016 (2016-03-14)
3.41[78]
0.5[78]
TBA

text: Season 5[edit]

text:
No.
Title
Original air date
Viewers
(in millions)
Rating
(Adults 18–49)

1
"Present Tense"
June 13, 2016 (2016-06-13)
3.62[81]
0.4[81]

2
"N.S.F.W."
June 20, 2016 (2016-06-20)
3.66[82]
0.5[82]

3
"Foreign Affairs"
June 27, 2016 (2016-06-27)
3.99[83]
0.5[83]

4
"Skin Deep"
July 11, 2016 (2016-07-11)
3.92[84]
0.5[84]

5
"Cashed Out"
July 18, 2016 (2016-07-18)
3.72[85]
0.5[85]

6
"Tourist Trap"
July 25, 2016 (2016-07-25)
3.65[86]
0.5[86]

7
"Moral Hazard"
August 1, 2016 (2016-08-01)
3.65[87]
0.5[87]

8
"Off the Wagon"
August 15, 2016 (2016-08-15)
3.18[88]
0.4[88]

9
"Family Law"
August 22, 2016 (2016-08-22)
3.94[89]
0.5[89]

10
"Dead Zone"
August 29, 2016 (2016-08-29)
3.98[90]
0.5[90]

11
"White Lies Part 1"
September 5, 2016 (2016-09-05)
4.14[91]
0.5[91]

12
"White Lies Part 2"
September 12, 2016 (2016-09-12)
3.29[92]
0.4[92]

13
"White Lies Part 3"
September 19, 2016 (2016-09-19)
3.10[93]
0.4[93]

14
"Heart Failure"
February 22, 2017 (2017-02-22)
1.93[94]
0.2[94]

15
"Cleared History"
March 1, 2017 (2017-03-01)
2.28[95]
0.3[95]

16
"Quid Pro Quo"
March 8, 2017 (2017-03-08)
2.48[96]
0.3[96]

17
"Dead Drop"
March 15, 2017 (2017-03-15)
2.26[97]
0.3[97]

18
"Bad Blood"
March 22, 2017 (2017-03-22)
2.37[98]
0.3[98]

19
"Intersection"
March 29, 2017 (2017-03-29)
2.44[99]
0.3[99]

20
"Shockwave, Part 1"
April 5, 2017 (2017-04-05)
2.43[100]
0.3[100]

21
"Shockwave, Part 2"
April 12, 2017 (2017-04-12)
2.89[101]
0.3[101]


document_title: Once Upon a Time (season 7)

question_text: when does once upon a time season 7 episode 11 come on

text: Once Upon a Time (season 7)

text: Premise[edit]

text: Years after the Final Battle, Henry leaves Storybrooke in search of his own story only to find himself in New Fairy Tale Land,[11] where a conflict between Lady Tremaine and her stepdaughter Cinderella culminates in the casting of yet another curse. As Henry's daughter tries to make him believe in the curse, the enchantress Gothel sets out to revive a cult with sinister intentions.

text: Cast and characters[edit]

text: Regular[edit]

text:
Lana Parrilla as Evil Queen / Regina Mills / Roni[3]
Colin O'Donoghue as Captain Hook / Killian Jones / Rogers[3]
Andrew J. West as Henry Mills[3]
Dania Ramirez as Cinderella / Jacinda[12][13]
Gabrielle Anwar as Rapunzel / Lady Tremaine / Victoria Belfrey[4][13][14]
Alison Fernandez as Lucy[3]
Robert Carlyle as Rumplestiltskin / Mr. Gold / Weaver[3]
Mekia Cox as Tiana / Sabine[4][5]

tag: ul

text: Recurring[edit]

text:
Adelaide Kane as Drizella / Ivy Belfrey[4][15]
Rose Reynolds as Alice / Tilly[4][16]
Emma Booth as Mother Gothel / Eloise Gardener[17][18]
Rebecca Mader as Wicked Witch of the West / Zelena / Kelly[19][20]
Meegan Warner as young Rapunzel[21]
Tiera Skovbye as Robin[22]
Nathan Parsons as Jack / Nick Branson[23][24]
Yael Yurman as Anastasia[25]
Kip Pardue as Chad[26]
Jeff Pierre as Prince Naveen[27]

text: Guest[edit]

text:
Jared S. Gilmore as young Henry Mills[28]
Jillian Fargey as the Fairy Godmother[29]
Liam Hall as the Prince[29]
Jennifer Morrison as Emma Swan[30]
Emilie de Ravin as Belle[31]
Giles Matthey as Gideon[32]
Robin Givens as Eudora[33]
Kevin Ryan as Robert[34]
Daniel Francis as Dr. Facilier[34]
Chris Gauthier as William Smee[24]
Matty Finochio as Marcus Tremaine[25]
Cindy Luna as Cecilia[35]
Anna Cathcart as tween Drizella[25]
Alejandra Perez as young Ella[35]
Sophia Reid-Gantzert as young Anastasia[25]
Lula Mae Melench as young Drizella[25]
Sara Tomko as Tiger Lily[20]
Chad Rook as Captain Ahab[36][37]

text: Episodes[edit]

text:
No.
overall
No. in
season
Title
Directed by
Written by
Original air date [38]
U.S. viewers
(millions)

134
1
"Hyperion Heights"
Ralph Hemecker
Edward Kitsis & Adam Horowitz
October 6, 2017 (2017-10-06)
3.26[39]

In a flashback, an 18-year-old Henry says goodbye to Regina as he departs Storybrooke on a trip to new realms, in hopes of finding his own story. Many years later, Henry runs into Cinderella's carriage in the New Enchanted Forest and after a string of events that almost get them captured at a ball, he offers her the chance at a new start back in Storybrooke, as he is due to return through a portal that evening. When Henry finds a glass slipper left for him at their meeting spot, he decides to stay behind. In present-day Seattle, an older Henry is reunited with his daughter Lucy, whom he does not remember because of a curse. In hopes of breaking it, Lucy leads him to her neighborhood of Hyperion Heights, home to many other cursed fairytale characters including Jacinda, Lucy's down-on-her-luck single mother who is in a contentious relationship with her powerful stepmother Victoria. Others include Roni, a bar owner who is struggling with having to sell her establishment to Victoria, and Rogers, a cop who gets promoted to a detective and is introduced to his new partner, Weaver.

135
2
"A Pirate's Life"
Tara Nicole Weyr
Jane Espenson & Jerome Schwartz
October 13, 2017 (2017-10-13)
2.74[40]

In flashback to Storybrooke, Hook is training an 18 year old Henry as Emma watches on. She confesses to Hook that she worries Henry is about to leave on his own. In order to comfort her, Hook shows her a bottle Henry can use to call on them if he gets into trouble. Many years later, as Henry is about to be captured by Lady Tremaine, he uses the bottle to call on Emma, Hook, and Regina for help. In the present, Victoria hires Rogers and Weaver to drive Henry out of the neighborhood. Rogers does not agree with Weaver's methods and helps Henry instead. Rogers, Henry, and Roni end up forming an alliance against Victoria. Meanwhile, Jacinda has to find another way to be at Lucy's ballet recital after Victoria makes things difficult for her.

136
3
"The Garden of Forking Paths"
Ron Underwood
David H. Goodman & Brigitte Hales
October 20, 2017 (2017-10-20)
2.49[41]

In a flashback, Cinderella arrives at the spot in the forest where she is supposed to meet Henry, but does not find him there. She then meets Princess Tiana, who recruits her to be part of the resistance against Lady Tremaine. She leaves one of her glass slippers behind for Henry to find. A short while later, Henry, Regina, and Hook arrive at their campsite and join the efforts. Later, Cinderella sneaks into Tremaine's castle alone, where Tremaine reveals that she has kept her almost-deceased daughter Anastasia preserved since her "death" at age 14 and needs a pure heart to revive her. She tasks Cinderella with stealing Henry's, since he has the heart of the truest believer. In the present day, Jacinda tries to save Lucy's beloved community garden from Victoria, while Lucy takes a skeptical Henry on a trip under the garden lot in hopes of finding proof of everyone's fairytale pasts. Meanwhile, Henry, Roni, and Rogers find their first lead against Victoria. Rogers captures the man working with her, but is irritated to find Weaver setting the man free to use him as a future connection. Also, it is revealed that Victoria is not cursed and has been keeping a witch as her prisoner at the top of Belfrey Towers.

137
4
"Beauty"
Mick Garris
Dana Horgan & Leah Fong
October 27, 2017 (2017-10-27)
2.44[42]

This episode's plot summary may be too long or excessively detailed. Please help improve it by removing unnecessary details and making it more concise. (December 2017) (Learn how and when to remove this template message)

In a flashback to Gideon's first birthday, Rumple and Belle decide to leave Storybrooke to travel the world. Years later, Rumple tells Belle that he wants to stop being the Dark One so he can be mortal again and live out one single life with her. Over the years, they search for ways to get rid of his darkness. When Gideon is 18, Belle comes across a prophecy that leads them to the Edge of Realms, where they must wait for the sun's brightest set before they can be guided to the path Rumple must take to get rid of the Darkness. They build a home there as they wait for the event to occur. However, an aging Belle eventually admits that the "sun" of which the prophecy spoke was actually herself and that her death will mark the start of his journey. When Belle dies, Rumple sets off to search for a Guardian who will be able to take the Darkness from him so that he can ultimately be reunited with Belle. In the present day, Tilly, who is actually Alice, begins to wake up from the curse after she stops taking pills given to her by Victoria. In her new state of clarity, she tries to get Weaver to remember his true identity. Meanwhile, Ivy is tasked with taking Lucy trick-or-treating and loses her in the streets. She ends up bonding with Henry and defies her mother to give Jacinda and Lucy time together.

138
5
"Greenbacks"
Geofrey Hildrew
Christopher Hollier & Adam Karp
November 3, 2017 (2017-11-03)
2.29[43]

In the flashbacks, Tiana seeks a prince to help save her kingdom and is guided by Dr. Facilier to a man named Robert. She soon realizes that Facilier had enlisted Robert to steal a magical ruby from her in exchange for reuniting him with his lover who had been turned into a frog. In the present day, Tiana decides to run a pop-up beignet shop out of Mr. Cluck's with Jacinda's help. Victoria sends someone to burn the place down, which then causes friction between the two roommates. Rogers comes across a detainee at the police station who he thinks is connected to Eloise Gardener, the missing girl he's trying to find. Meanwhile, Roni decides to investigate Ivy's interest in helping Henry. Ivy takes her to the top of the towers and Roni finds a photo of herself and a young Henry taken in Storybrooke. However, it is later revealed that Ivy hasn't been cursed either and has her own dealings with the witch of which her mother is unaware.

139
6
"Wake Up Call"
Sharat Raju
Jerome Schwartz & Jane Espenson
November 10, 2017 (2017-11-10)
2.37[44]

In a flashback, Regina comes across Drizella, who is looking for magic to escape from her mother. When she reveals that she was actually born with magic, Regina begins to train her. However after Regina runs into Rumple, who tells her that Lady Tremaine must have been aware of the magic lessons, the two women realize that Lady Tremaine was counting on using Drizella's heart to revive Anastasia. Drizella ends up blackening her own heart by killing the prince, making it unusable for revival, and vows to cast a Curse like Regina's to make her mother suffer. In the present day, Roni struggles with what to believe about the mysterious photo, which is complicated by newly discovered information about "Regina Mills" into which Lucy encouraged her to look. Drizella gathers the ingredients for a plant that the witch then cultivates and, when she serves its essence to Roni, she wakes up and remembers her life as Regina. Drizella then reveals that she cast the curse and blackmails Regina into keeping Henry and Jacinda apart, reminding her of a special contingency that was put into the Curse that would force her to comply.

140
7
"Eloise Gardener"
Alex Kalymnios
David H. Goodman & Brigitte Hales
November 17, 2017 (2017-11-17)
2.28[45]

This episode's plot summary may be too long or excessively detailed. Please help improve it by removing unnecessary details and making it more concise. (December 2017) (Learn how and when to remove this template message)

In a flashback to the Wish Realm shortly after the Charmings stopped Regina from casting her curse, Hook agrees to grant her passage on the Jolly Roger in exchange for leading him to powerful magic guarded by a witch. When he arrives at the witch's tower, he finds Rapunzel instead. She instructs him to retrieve a golden flower from the witch's garden. When he returns with it to help her, they spend the night together. The next morning, it is revealed that Rapunzel is actually Gothel and their night together produced a baby, whom Gothel leaves behind so she can escape the tower. Hook gives the Jolly Roger to Smee and decides to stay with his daughter, who is unable to leave due to the tower's spell. He names her Alice after his own mother. In the present day, Rogers is on a mad hunt for Eloise with help from Henry and Tilly. Tilly later informs him that Eloise has died, but it turns out that the news was planted by Weaver to throw him off the case. Weaver warns Rogers that Eloise is not the person he thinks she is. When Rogers finds Gothel, he believes that she is Eloise and frees her from Victoria, who gets locked up for kidnapping. Meanwhile, Tremaine has discovered that Drizella is awake and Regina tries to put some distance between Henry and Jacinda.

141
8
"Pretty in Blue"
Ralph Hemecker
Dana Horgan & Leah Fong
November 17, 2017 (2017-11-17)
2.28[45]

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In flashbacks, Hook is reunited with Alice, who claims that they have been cured of their curse. However, when they try to embrace, Hook gets hurt and Alice runs away in fear. Henry and Cinderella chase her back to New Wonderland, a place where Cinderella reveals her mother Cecilia ran to after abandoning her and her stepfather. She takes a shrinking potion and leaves Henry, heading into the Infinite Maze alone to find answers. She finds Alice, who tells her that she met Cecilia before and that she was also afflicted with the Curse of the Poisoned Heart. Drizella appears in New Wonderland with a plan to curse Henry, but Alice and Cinderella are able to save him. Henry and Cinderella then share their first kiss. In the present day, Jacinda contacts Nick (Jack in Fairy Tale Land), a lawyer whom she has been cursed to believe is Lucy's father. He agrees to help her regain custody of Lucy, to Henry's dismay, and Lucy encourages Henry to fight for Jacinda. Meanwhile, Drizella and Gothel plan to revive Anastasia but, when they open her coffin, her body is missing. After Regina confronts Rumple, who refuses to confirm that he has woken up from the curse, she announces to Henry that she's heading to San Francisco to meet with someone who was pushed out of town by Victoria. He agrees to join her on the trip.

142
9
"One Little Tear"
Steve Pearlman
Christopher Hollier & Adam Karp
December 8, 2017 (2017-12-08)
2.45[46]

Victoria strikes a deal with Weaver in an attempt to free herself from jail and wake Anastasia. In flashbacks, Rapunzel takes from Mother Gothel's garden to save her family and is trapped in a tower in exchange. After 6 years of captivity, Rapunzel escapes using her hair but finds her husband Marcus has remarried to Cecilia, gaining a stepdaughter, Ella. Gothel tempts Rapunzel with a New Wonderland mushroom, which she uses to poison Cecilia's heart. One day, Anastasia and Ella falls through thin ice, but to Rapunzel's disbelief, their father only manages to save Ella. Rapunzel seeks Gothel's help, who magically seals Anastasia's last breath with the price of keeping Anastasia in the tower. However, Rapunzel tricks Gothel who becomes trapped in her own tower until someone in her bloodline takes her place. In the present day, Victoria strangely gives full custody of Lucy to Jacinda, claiming to be a changed person. Victoria retrieves the Once Upon a Time book and shows Lucy her unfortunate life story as Rapunzel and convinces Lucy to give up her belief in happy endings. As Lucy sheds a tear, Victoria uses it to awaken Anastasia, while Lucy collapses into unconsciousness.

143
10
"The Eighth Witch"
Ralph Hemecker
Jane Espenson & Jerome Schwartz
December 15, 2017 (2017-12-15)
2.29[47]

In a flashback, baby Lucy is born, just as Drizella appears to deliver a prophecy about a curse. The heroes are able to turn Drizella to stone. Eight years later, everyone is celebrating Lucy's birthday when Gothel appears with her coven of witches, recruiting Drizella to join them as she is finally freed. With the curse looming, Regina heads off to get help from Zelena. Later, when the heroes confront the witches, Gothel reveals that they have poisoned Henry, and Regina is forced into casting Drizella's curse to save his life. In the present day, Regina has located a cursed Zelena in San Francisco, who is now known as Kelly. Regina is able to give Zelena her memories back and the two head back to Seattle, knowing that breaking the curse to help Lucy would only hurt Henry instead. Rumple tests Anastasia to see if she is the Guardian. However, Gothel also wants Anastasia and severs her alliance with Drizella after the girl is brought to her, deeming Anastasia to be more useful in her coven. Gothel tells her that they need to find their fellow witches.

144
11
"Secret Garden"[48]
TBA
Edward Kitsis & Adam Horowitz
March 2, 2018 (2018-03-02)
TBD

145
12
"A Taste of the Heights"[49]
TBA
David H. Goodman & Brigitte Hales
March 9, 2018 (2018-03-09)
TBD

146
13
"Knightfall"[50]
TBA
Jerome Schwartz & Miguel Ian Raya
March 16, 2018 (2018-03-16)
TBD

147
14
"The Girl in the Tower"[51]
TBA
Dana Horgan & Leah Fong
March 23, 2018 (2018-03-23)
TBD

148
15
"Sisterhood"[52]
TBA
Christopher Hollier & Adam Karp
March 30, 2018 (2018-03-30)
TBD

149
16
"Breadcrumbs"[53]
TBA
Jane Espenson & Jerome Schwartz
April 6, 2018 (2018-04-06)
TBD

150
17
"Chosen"[54]
Lana Parrilla
Paul Karp & Brian Ridings
April 13, 2018 (2018-04-13)
TBD

151
18
"The Guardian"[55]
Geofrey Hildrew[56]
David H. Goodman & Brigitte Hales
April 20, 2018 (2018-04-20)
TBD

152
19
"Flower Child"[57]
TBA
Edward Kitsis & Adam Horowitz
April 27, 2018 (2018-04-27)
TBD

text: The seventh season finale, which will serve as the series finale, is set to broadcast on May 18, 2018.[38]

text: Production[edit]

text: Development[edit]

text: In January 2017, while season 6 was still in production, ABC president Channing Dungey spoke of a possible "reset" of the show's narrative in the event that the show received a season 7 order.[9] After much speculation, executive producers Adam Horowitz and Edward Kitsis later confirmed that certain characters would have their storylines wrapped up and that the back-end of the sixth season had been written with the season 7 narrative change in mind.[58] Despite the major changes from seasons past, the showrunners have said that they do not view season 7 as a complete reboot of the show. Horowitz said: "I hesitate to use the word "reboot." We're more thinking about it as a hybrid of a lot of things. We're paying homage to the original premise, but there are certain characters who are returning and some who are not. It's a combination of a lot of things, but what we're trying to do is go in a new direction but stay true to the spirit of what the show has always been."[59]

text: In July 2017, the creators announced that the series now take place in the Seattle neighborhood of Hyperion Heights, which was created under a new and darker curse. Residents of this neighborhood include displaced characters from the original and new versions of the Enchanted Forest, as well as regular people from the Land Without Magic. This differs from Storybrooke in season 1, which was an isolated town that was blocked off from real-world Maine. The initial villain is Lady Tremaine, who assumes the role of an urban developer who seeks to "gentrify the neighborhood" and push out and separate fairy tale residents. Meanwhile, Storybrooke and various Fairy Tale Land locations still appear in the flashbacks of the season as the story bounces back and forth between the characters' lives before and during the latest curse.[60]

text: Casting[edit]

text: In May 2017, it was announced that Lana Parrilla, Colin O'Donoghue, and Robert Carlyle would be the only series regulars from season 6 to continue onto season 7.[3] It was teased that the three would be portraying their original characters but with cursed identities, similar to the circumstances in season 1. In July, the first promo of the season revealed that Killian is now a Seattle police officer with the last name Rogers, who is living with an unexplained sense of loss.[61] In August, it was revealed that Regina is now a bar owner named Roni, who is more dressed down and is "no longer in charge."[62]

text: Former main cast member Jennifer Morrison has confirmed that she has agreed to return for one episode, later revealed to be the second episode of the season.[63][64] Morrison announced her last filming day on July 19, 2017.[65] On July 22, it was confirmed that Emilie de Ravin would return for the fourth episode in the seventh season.[31]

text: In March 2017, Andrew J. West and Alison Fernandez were cast for unknown guest roles in the season six finale. During the episode, it was revealed that West was portraying an adult Henry Mills, while Fernandez portrayed his daughter, Lucy. After that episode's airing, they were confirmed as series regulars for season 7.[3] West will be taking over the role from Jared S. Gilmore, who has been confirmed to appear in at least the first two episodes of the season.[28][66]

text: On July 6, 2017, it was announced that Dania Ramirez and Gabrielle Anwar would be two additional series regulars for season 7.[3] Additionally, Adelaide Kane, Mekia Cox, and Rose Reynolds were cast in recurring roles for the upcoming season.[3] On July 15, it was announced that Ramirez would be portraying Cinderella, albeit a different version from the one previously played by Jessy Schram for the first six seasons.[12] On July 22 at San Diego Comic-Con, it was revealed that Anwar and Kane will be portraying Lady Tremaine and Drizella, respectively. Cox would be portraying Tiana from The Princess and the Frog, while Reynolds would be playing an alternate version of Alice, a character previously heavily featured in the spin-off Once Upon a Time in Wonderland.[61] In August 2017, Cox was promoted to series regular.[5]

text: On August 1, it was announced that Giles Matthey would return as an adult Gideon for the season's fourth episode. The episode, also featuring Emilie de Ravin, would be centered around Rumple.[32] On that same day, it was also announced that Emma Booth was cast in a major recurring role as the Witch,[17] whose more specific identity would be revealed later on during the season.[67] On August 25, Kevin Ryan announced that he would be making an appearance as a new prince in the upcoming season.[68] On August 30, it was announced that Robin Givens had been cast as Tiana's mother, Eudora.[33]

text: On September 8, it was announced that Meegan Warner would be guest starring as an alternate version of Rapunzel, a character previously featured in one episode of season 3.[21] It was later revealed that the character would appear in a multi-episode arc.[69] On September 20, it was announced that former main Rebecca Mader would return for multiple episodes in the seventh season as Zelena, who will also have a cursed identity.[19][70]

text: On October 2, it was announced that Dr. Facilier from The Princess and the Frog would make an appearance during the season,[71] later revealed to be portrayed by Daniel Francis in the season's fifth episode.[34] On October 3, it was announced that flashbacks of the ninth episode would feature a "tweenage" Anastasia, Lady Tremaine's other biological daughter.[72]

text: On November 1, it was announced that Tiera Skovbye would be recurring as an older version of Robin, the daughter of Zelena and Robin Hood.[22] On November 2, it was announced that Nathan Parsons had been cast in a recurring role as Nick, a lawyer and potential love interest for another character.[23] On November 3, it was announced that the show was casting for the role of Naveen from The Princess and the Frog, who will be recurring in the second half of the season.[73] It was later revealed that the role would be played by Jeff Pierre, who will first appear in the twelfth episode of the season.[27] On November 16, actor Chad Rook announced that he had been cast in an unknown role.[36]

text: On January 23, 2018, it was announced that Kip Pardue had been cast as Chad, Zelena's fiancé from when she was cursed as Kelly. He will make his first appearance in the seventeenth episode of the season.[26]

text: Ratings[edit]

text:
No.
Title
Air date
Rating/share
(18–49)
Viewers
(millions)
DVR
(18–49)
DVR viewers
(millions)
Total
(18–49)
Total viewers
(millions)

1
"Hyperion Heights"
October 6, 2017
0.7/3
3.26[39]
0.7
1.72
1.4
4.98[74]

2
"A Pirate's Life"
October 13, 2017
0.7/3
2.74[40]
0.6
N/A
1.3[75]
N/A

3
"The Garden of Forking Paths"
October 20, 2017
0.5/3
2.49[41]
0.6
N/A
1.1[76]
N/A

4
"Beauty"
October 27, 2017
0.5/2
2.44[42]
0.5
N/A
1.0[77]
N/A

5
"Greenbacks"
November 3, 2017
0.5/2
2.29[43]
0.5
1.27
1.0
3.56[78]

6
"Wake Up Call"
November 10, 2017
0.5/2
2.37[44]
0.5
1.32
1.0
3.69[79]

7
"Eloise Gardener"
November 17, 2017
0.5/2
2.28[45]
0.5
1.30
1.0
3.58[80]

8
"Pretty in Blue"
November 17, 2017
0.5/2
2.28[45]
0.5
1.30
1.0
3.58[80]

9
"One Little Tear"
December 8, 2017
0.5/2
2.45[46]
0.4
N/A
0.9[81]
N/A

10
"The Eighth Witch"
December 15, 2017
0.5/2
2.29[47]
TBD
TBD
TBD
TBD


document_title: M&M's

question_text: what were the original m and m colors

question_tokens: what were the original m and m colors

text: M&M's

text: Forrest Mars, Sr., son of the Mars Company founder, Frank C. Mars, copied the idea for the candy in the 1930s during the Spanish Civil War when he saw soldiers eating British made Smarties, chocolate pellets with a colored shell of what confectioners call hard panning (essentially hardened sugar syrup) surrounding the outside, preventing the candies from melting. Mars received a patent for his own process on March 3, 1941.[7] Production began in 1941 in a factory located at 285 Badger Avenue in Clinton Hill, Newark, New Jersey. When the company was founded it was M&M Limited.[8] The two "Ms" represent the names of Forrest E. Mars Sr., the founder of Newark Company, and Bruce Murrie, son of Hershey Chocolate's president William F. R. Murrie, who had a 20 percent share in the product.[9] The arrangement allowed the candies to be made with Hershey chocolate, as Hershey had control of the rationed chocolate at the time.[10]

text: The demand for the candies during World War II caused an increase in production and its factory moved to bigger quarters at 200 North 12th Street in Newark, New Jersey, where it remained until 1958 when it moved to a bigger factory at Hackettstown. During the war, the candies were exclusively sold to the military.[11]

text: In 1949, the brand released the tagline "Melts in your mouth, not in your hand."[12]

text: In 1950, a black "M" was imprinted on the candies giving them a unique trademark. It was changed to white in 1954.[8]

text: In the early 1950s, the Midwest Research Institute (now MRIGlobal) in Kansas City, Missouri, worked on behalf of M&M's to perfect a process whereby 3,300 pounds (1,500 kg) of chocolate centers could be coated every hour.[13]

text: Peanut M&M's were introduced in 1954 but first appeared[14] only in the color tan. In 1960, M&M's added the yellow, red, and green colors.

text: In 1976, orange was added to the M&M rainbow to replace red, which was discontinued due to the red dye scare over Red Dyes #2 and #4 having been evaluated to be carcinogenic in nature. In spite of the fact that M&M's had used the less controversial Red Dye #40, the public was wary of any food being dyed red. Red M&M's were re-introduced in 1987.

text: In the 1980s, M&M's were introduced internationally to Australia, Canada, Europe, Hong Kong, Japan, Malaysia, and the United Kingdom.[15]

text: Although they were marketed and then withdrawn in the 1960s, almond-centered M&M's were available again in 1988 in limited release, with appearances only during Christmas and Easter times; they became a standard part of the product line in 1992.

text: Also in 1986, M&M's launched Holidays Chocolate Candies for Easter and Christmas, with the Easter candies having bunny, chick, and egg symbols on pastel-colored shells, and the Christmas candies having pine tree, bell, and candle symbols on red and green shells; with the latter also having a special mint flavor. By 1993, the holiday symbols were replaced with the standard trademark "M".

text: In 1991, Peanut Butter M&M's were released. These candies have peanut butter inside the chocolate center and the same color scheme as the other varieties. As of at least 2013, the size of the peanut butter M&M has become slightly smaller.

text: In 1995, tan M&Ms were discontinued to be replaced by blue.[16]

text: In 1996, Mars introduced "M&M's Minis", smaller candies usually sold in plastic tubes instead of bags.[17]

text: In 1999, Crispy M&M's were released. They were slightly larger than the milk chocolate variety and also featured a crispy wafer center. They were discontinued in the United States in 2005 and remained available in Europe, and Southeast Asia. In January 2015, they returned to production in the United States.

text: In July 2001, Dulce de Leche M&M's were introduced in five markets with large Hispanic populations: Los Angeles, California; San Diego, California; Miami, Florida; Mcallen-Brownsville, Texas; and San Antonio, Texas.[18] The flavor never became popular with the Hispanic community, who preferred existing M&M's flavors, and it was discontinued in most areas by early 2003.[19]

text: In 2010, Pretzel M&M's were released. They contain a crunchy, salty pretzel center inside of the chocolate coating and are about the same size as the Peanut M&M's, but their shape tends to be more spherical.

text: In 2013, the M&M's chocolate bar was re-released. It was originally released in 2004 and named M-Azing.

text: In 2014, Mega M&M's were re-introduced. Before then, the 'Mega M&M's' had been released in 2007 promoting the Shrek Movies, being dubbed "Ogre-Sized M&M's".

text: In 2015, Crispy M&M's were re-introduced in the United States. They had remained available continuously in Europe and Australia.

text: In 2016, the M&M cookie was re-introduced in the United States.

text: Also in 2016, the M&M's flavor vote was created in which the fans could vote for either honey, coffee, or chili nut M&M's to go with peanut M&M's. Coffee Nuts was announced as the winner by VEEP's Tony Hale [20]

text: In April 2017, M&M's chocolate blocks went on sale in Australia. Six varieties (milk chocolate, strawberry, crispy, hazelnut, crispy mint and almond) are available.

text: Also in 2017, Caramel M&M's were released in the United States.[21]

text: Varieties[edit]

text: M&M's varieties have included the following sizes and fillings. Note that some have only been made available for a limited time, such as white cheesecake for Easter, pumpkin spice or white candy corn for Halloween, and White Strawberry Shortcake for Valentine's Day.

text:
sizes: regular (in the following flavors), minis, mega (×3 the chocolate) and the "chocolate bar".
chocolate: milk chocolate, dark chocolate, white chocolate
nut: peanuts, almonds, peanut butter, dark chocolate peanut, strawberried peanut butter, strawberry nut
spice and herb: mint chocolate, cinnamon, pumpkin spice, white chocolate peppermint, holiday mint, gingerbread, mint crisp, pumpkin spice latte, mocha, coffee nut, honey nut, and chili nut.[22]
fruit: orange chocolate, cherry, raspberry, cherry cordial, pineapple, coconut, candy apple
dessert: pretzel, birthday cake, white chocolate candy corn, red velvet, dulce de leche, white chocolate carrot cake, vanilla shake, crispy, three milks (tres leches), pecan pie, and caramel.
colors: Easter regularly sees pastel-colored candies and Christmas bags have green and red only

text: Marketing[edit]

text: Over the years, marketing has helped build and expand the M&M's brand. Computer-animated graphics, personification of the candies as characters with cartoon-like storytelling, and various merchandising techniques including the introduction of new flavors, colors and customizable merchandise have helped to increase the brand's recognition as a candy icon.

text: E.T.: The Extra-Terrestrial[edit]

text: In 1982, the Mars candy bar company rejected the inclusion of M&M's in the new Steven Spielberg movie E.T.: The Extra-Terrestrial. Competitor Hershey, on the other hand, took a chance with their Reese's Pieces, which is similar to M&M's but contains a peanut butter filling, and with the blockbuster success, its candy sales dramatically increased, perhaps by as much as 300%.[23]

text: Marketing campaigns[edit]

text: In 1990, M&M's exhibited at New York's Erie County Fair a life-size fiberglass cow covered with 66,000 M&M candies—each adhered by hand with the "m" logo on each candy facing outward. According to a website run by the cow's designer, Michael Adams, the stunt earned M&M Mars $1 million in free publicity because it was reported on by Newsweek magazine, as well as the New York Post, UPI and WABC-TV, and Live with Regis.[24]

text: In 1995, the company ran the M&M's Color Campaign, a contest in which participants were given the choice of selecting purple, blue, or pink as the color of a new variety of M&M's. The announcement of the winning color (blue) was carried on most of the television networks' news programs as well as the talk shows of David Letterman and Jay Leno.[25] As part of the contest results, the company had the Empire State Building lighted in blue.[25] Although the financial details of these deals were not disclosed and neither was the campaign's effect on sales, one marketing book estimated that the company "collected millions" in free publicity and that the campaign "certainly" resulted in an increasing of the brand's awareness.[25]

text: In 1998, M&M's were styled as "The Official Candy of the New Millennium," as MM is the Roman numeral for 2000. This date was also the release of the rainbow M&M's, which are multi-colored and filled with a variety of different fillings.

text: In 2000, "Plain" M&M's (a name created in 1954 when "Peanut" M&M's were introduced) were renamed "Milk Chocolate" M&M's, and pictures of the candy pieces were added to the traditional brown and white packaging.[26]

text: Joint marketing campaigns[edit]

text: In 1990, Mars Snackfood US signed up to be a sponsor for NASCAR in the Sprint Cup Series. Drivers for the M&M's-sponsored car through the years have included Ernie Irvan (1999), Ken Schrader (2000–02), Eliott Sadler (2003–06), Ricky Rudd (2007), David Gilliland (2006–07), Kyle Busch (2008-current, won 2015 Sprint Cup Series Championship), and Michael McDowell.

text: The introduction of the blue M&M to Australia was promoted by the Australian Football League's Carlton Football Club, which wore sky-blue colored guernseys in one of its matches in 1997 instead of its traditional navy blue – a color which the successful and fiercely traditional club had worn since the 1870s.[27] In 2010, Mars Snackfood Australia described it as the most successful promotional campaign it had ever engaged in.[28]

text: In April 2005, M&M's ran the "mPire" promotion to tie in with the Star Wars: Episode III – Revenge of the Sith movie release. M&M's were offered in dark chocolate varieties (Regular and Peanut) for the first time after a string of Addams Family M&M's commercials.

text: In May 2004, M&M's ran a Shrek 2 promotion to tie in with the movie's release. M&M's were offered "ogre-sized" (65% larger) in swamp/ogre colors. They were sold at many stores displayed in huge cardboard-cutout ogre displays.

text: In the summer of 2005, Mars added "Mega M&M's" to the lineup.[29] These candies, at 55% larger than the traditional M&M's, were a little smaller than the ogre-sized version. They were available in milk chocolate and peanut varieties. The colors for Mega M&M's were changed to less-bright colors, ostensibly to appeal to older consumers: teal (replacing green), beige (replacing orange), maroon (replacing red), gold (replacing yellow), blue-gray (replacing blue), and brown.

text: In July 2006, Dark Chocolate M&M's reappeared in a purple package, followed in 2007 by Dark Chocolate Peanut M&M's. Also in 2006, the company piloted White Chocolate M&M's as a tie-in with their "Pirates of the Caribbean" promotion. The company also offered eight new flavors of M&M's via online sales, as well as at M&M's World locations: "All That Razz"; "Eat, Drink, & Be Cherry"; "A Day at the Peach"; "Orange-U-Glad"; "Mint Condition"; "AlmonDeeLicious"; "Nut What You Think"; and "Cookie Monster". Mars also released a "Crispy Mint" variety in Australia that year.

text: Also in 2006, M&M's became the official chocolate of NASCAR.

text: In 2007, M&M's introduced a limited-edition raspberry flavor called "M&M's Razzberry Chocolate Candies".

text: Also in 2007, M&M's produced a 50-foot, smiling Lady Liberty M&M statue to kick off a campaign encouraging Americans to create their own M&M characters at mms.com. The website allows for people to log in and create their own character from scratch. They can choose features such as the color, shape, hair, and accessories.

text: In 2008, two limited-edition varieties of the candy were introduced – "Wildly Cherry" M&M's, and, as a marketing tie-in with the film Indiana Jones and the Kingdom of the Crystal Skull, "Mint Crisp" M&M's.

text: M&M's also introduced another new product called "M&M's Premiums" in 2008. They come in five flavors – chocolate almond, mint chocolate, mocha, raspberry almond, and triple chocolate (milk, dark, and white chocolate), which are sold in small upright cartons with a plastic bag inside. M&M's Premiums do not have a candy shell but are coated with carnauba wax and color. Dark Chocolate was added in 2009, replacing Mocha.

text: During the summer of 2008, My M&M's launched 'Faces,' which allows consumers to print the faces of loved ones on M&M's chocolate candies at mymms.com.

text: In February 2009, M&M's launched the "M&M's Colour Break-Up" promotion in Australia where M&M's were sold in separate packs (one for each color): the packs included a code to win prizes.[30]

text: In Summer 2009, M&M's launched a limited-edition "Strawberried Peanut Butter" variant to tie in with the release of Transformers: Revenge of the Fallen. In addition, M&M's launched a limited edition "Coconut M&M's," which became a permanent item in 2010.

text: In early 2010, M&M's Bare All were released as part of a competition in Australia and New Zealand.[31] M&M's Bare All winning packs were ordinary M&M's, but without colored shells. An official website was launched, along with television advertisements.[citation needed] In April 2010, M&M's launched a new pretzel variety.[32]

text: In November 2011, Mars released M&M's Cinnamon Milk Chocolate for Christmas.

text: About the time pretzel M&M's came out, the M&M's wrapper designs in the U.S. were redone, from the old design, used from 2004-early 2010.

text: In 2012, M&M's released two new Dark Chocolate flavors: Raspberry and Mint. Also that year, M&M's released a White Chocolate flavor for the Easter season. From May 30, 2012, onwards, M&M's will be launched in Macau. Its Macanese launch language is Portuguese. In 2012, Peanut M&M's were produced in the UK in a limited edition "Red, White and Blues only" pack, in connection with the country's Diamond Jubilee and 2012 Summer Olympics. The 'M' remains white on the white candies. The commercial advertising this promotional package had Yellow donning various outfits of British stereotypes to try to get into the limited edition pack. Similarly, to promote the 2014 FIFA World Cup, Peanut M&M's were produced in a pack that contained only green, yellow, and blue candies, dubbed "Brazilian M&M's" in reference to the colors of the flag of Brazil. "Brazilian M&M's" were re-released in 2016 to promote the 2016 Summer Olympics, but are now available in both Chocolate and Peanut.

text: In 2013, M&M's launched the "Better with M" campaign, which included cause-related marketing. The campaign worked with Habitat for Humanity and encouraged fans to use a Facebook app to volunteer at the various sites where the homes were being built.[33] The advertising campaign was one of the largest that Mars had ever executed.[33] The 2013 "America Better With M" initiative sough to provide money directly to Habitat for Humanity through offering limited versions of M&Ms in red, white and blue.

text: Related brands[edit]

text: Related candy brands from Mars include Minstrels, Revels, Skittles, and Treets.

text: M&M's World specialty shops have been established in some locations, including Las Vegas, Orlando, New York, London, and Shanghai.

text: Several M&Ms-themed video games have been created. The first was M&M's: The Lost Formulas, released on September 28, 2000.

text: M&M's characters[edit]

text: Early black-and-white adverts for the candy in 1954 featured two talking, anthropomorphic M&M characters—one plain and one peanut—diving into a swimming pool full of chocolate.[34]

text: The first incarnation of the characters in CGI was a 1994 celebrity campaign which had the characters interacting with celebrities on which M&Ms candy color is their favorite. This campaign was created by Blue Sky Studios. Concurrent with 1995's blue M&M campaign, M&M's introduced second computer-animated "spokescandies" in their television commercials. The depiction and campaign of the M&M's were made by Will Vinton in 1995. Vinton previously created the clay-animation California Raisins in 1986. Around the time he worked on CGI projects, he made the depiction of the M&M's as more mature than most food mascots. These include the team of the cynical and sardonic Red (originally voiced by Jon Lovitz, thereafter Billy West[35]) who is the mascot for milk chocolate, peanut butter, and crispy M&M's, and the happy and gullible Yellow (originally voiced by John Goodman, thereafter J.K. Simmons), who is the mascot for peanut M&M's (he was originally known as "Peanut" when first introduced). Other mascots include the "cool one", Blue (voiced by Phil Hartman until his death in 1998, thereafter Robb Pruitt) who is the mascot for almond M&M's; the seductive Green (voiced by Cree Summer), who is the mascot for both dark chocolate mint and peanut butter M&M's, and the slightly neurotic Orange (voiced by Eric Kirchberger), who was introduced when Crispy M&M's were first released and returned when Pretzel M&M's debuted in 2010. Orange, upon his return, was joined by the second non-M&M mascot, Pretzel Guy (voiced by Maurice LaMarche), who "supports" him and offers helpful advice as he hates the idea of having a pretzel put inside his body.

text: Other mascots that were introduced, but no longer used, are Almond, the original green guy; Orange, a female peanut character, Chocolate Bar; the first non-M&M character that always gets foiled or outdone by Red and Yellow by being melted when M&M's can't, and the Swarmees for M&M's Minis candies, which are portrayed as destructive yet crafty troublemakers who Red and Yellow are always trying unsuccessfully to contain.

text: Female M&M's mascots were introduced in 1995. Green was the milk chocolate mascot and Tan was the peanut. Marketing discontinued Tan when they introduced the then-new Blue mascot. Green was the only female M&M's mascot from her introduction in 1995 until 2012 when M&M's unveiled a new additional spokescandy, the businesslike Ms. Brown (voiced by Miss America 1984 Vanessa Williams), the "Chief Chocolate Officer."[36] She made her debut in a Super Bowl XLVI advertisement, where several people at a party assume she is naked because her shell is the same color as her insides, which causes Red to remove his outer shell thinking "it's that kind of party", and start dancing to the LMFAO song "Sexy And I Know It."

text:
Color
Character
Type
Voice actor

Red
Red
Milk Chocolate, Dark Chocolate, Peanut Butter, and Crispy
Jon Lovitz (1995–96)
Billy West (1996–present)

Yellow
Yellow
Peanut, and Dark Chocolate Peanut
John Goodman (1995–96)
J. K. Simmons (1996–present)

Blue
Blue
Almond, Raspberry, and Dark Chocolate
Phil Hartman (1995–98)
Robb Pruitt (1998–present)

Green
Green
Dark Chocolate, Dark Chocolate Mint, and Peanut Butter
Cree Summer

Orange
Orange
Crispy and Pretzel
Eric Kirchberger

Brown
Ms. Brown
Dark Chocolate and Milk Chocolate
Vanessa Williams

Tan
Caramel (cube)
Caramel
David Cross

Brown
Pretzel (symmetrical)
Pretzel Guy
Maurice LaMarche

text: Color changes in chocolate M&M's[edit]

text: The original colors of M&M's candies were red, yellow, violet, green and orange.[12]

text: In 1976, the Food and Drug Administration released a study that linked red dye 2 in food coloring to cancer. Though Mars did not use this dye, they decided to pull the red M&M's from the market to avoid possible misunderstandings. The red candy were reintroduced to the market ten years later.[12]

text: In early 1995, Mars ran a promotion in which consumers were invited to vote on which of blue, pink, or purple would replace the tan M&M's. Blue was the winner with 54% of the votes.[37] It replaced tan in late 1995. Consumers could vote by calling 1-800-FUN-COLOR. Ads for the new blue colors featured a plain and an almond blue M&M character as Red and Yellow take notice of trying to do takes in the commercial by painting themselves blue where they appear on stage with B.B. King singing the blues, but the filmmakers had to cut the scene as they were not the real blue M&M's; another featured Red and Yellow holding their breath to look like the new blue M&M's, where Steven Weber sees the three M&M's, Red, Yellow, and Blue; and one more featuring Weber talking to the blue M&M if he had dived into the chocolate pool, but did not.

text: In 2002, Mars solicited votes in their first ever "M&M's Global Color Vote" to add a new color from three choices: aqua (turquoise), pink, and purple. Purple won and was featured for a limited time. To help the colors get votes, Ken Schrader and his MB2 Motorsports team, who was sponsored by M&M's at the time, ran four paint schemes during the 2002 NASCAR Winston Cup Series season representing the promotion (one for aqua, one for pink, one for purple, and another one with all three colors on the car.) Specially marked packages of M&M's were released in Japan. Finding a bag of all purple M&M's entitled the customer to a prize of 100 million yen (equivalent to approximately USD $852,000).

text: On January 1, 2004, at the stroke of midnight, Mars removed all of the colors of M&M's and made them black-and-white on both their candies and the packaging. It coincided with a commercial parodying The Wizard of Oz where Dorothy is home in bed and looks out of the window and sees what the colors of the four M&M's were. The goal was to help the M&M's find their colors in black-and-white packages of M&M's, in this order: brown, orange, red, green, yellow, and blue. After all of the colors have been found, the colored packaging returned, and began carrying the theme "Chocolate is better in color".

text: Since 2004, M&M's have been available online in 17 colors, with personalized phrases on each candy on the opposite side from the "m".[38] Released around Christmas, these custom-printed M&M's were originally intended for holiday greetings, but are now available all year round.

text: For the 2008 Valentine's Day season, Mars introduced all-green bags of M&M's. This was due to common urban folklore that says green M&M's are an aphrodisiac.[39] They were brought back for 2009 alongside the "Ms. Green Heats Up Valentine's Day" contest.

text: In October 2011, Mars released M&M's White Chocolate Candy Corn exclusively in the United States for Halloween. These candies come in three candy corn inspired colors: white, bright yellow, and bright orange.

text: The following is a summary of the changes to the colors of the flagship (milk chocolate) flavor of M&M's, the only filling manufactured continuously since the beginning of the brand. From 1941 until 1969, each package contained M&M's in five different colors; when red M&M's were reintroduced in 1987, they were added as a sixth color instead of replacing any of the existing colors.

text: Health concerns[edit]

text: Red candies were eliminated in 1976[40] because of health concerns over the dye amaranth (FD&C Red #2), which was a suspected carcinogen, and were replaced with orange-colored candies. This was done despite the fact that M&M's did not contain the dye; the action was purely to satisfy worried consumers. Red candies were reintroduced ten years later, but they also kept the orange colored M&M's. Paul Hethmon, then a student at University of Tennessee, started the campaign to bring back red M&M's as a joke that would eventually become a worldwide phenomenon.[41]

text: In Europe, red M&M's contain the red dye carmine (E120).[42] Carmine, also known as cochineal, has had some campaigns launched against its use in food, because it is made from crushed insects. Notably, Starbucks in the UK had a campaign launched against it for using carmine.[43]


document_title: 900 (skateboarding)

question_text: who landed the first 900 on a skateboard

text: 900 (skateboarding)

text: Pre-Hawk[edit]

text: A number of opinions exist about pre-1999 900s. The most prominent of these is the argument that Danny Way landed the 900 in 1989, and it appears in an early Santa Cruz film.[1] In 1999 Tony Hawk said:

text: Well, he was shown in a video almost 10 years ago. He was really close, but he didn't make it. He came the closest by far, but they cut the video before he fell. So it may have misled some people. There are only four people who have been able to spin completely and he's one of them. Tas Pappas and Rob Boyce also have spun it, but they haven't landed it.[2]

text: 1999 X-Games[edit]

text: In the months before the 1999 X-Games, Tas Pappas had been developing the 900. After being photographed by Grant Brittain of Transworld Skateboarding, sequences of his attempts were available for study. Tas was hoping to debut the trick at the competition in the Best Trick competition. Despite competing in the vert competition, he was not allowed to compete in the Best Trick competition by the organizers.[3][4][5]

text: Tony Hawk, one of the most successful vertical pro skateboarders in the world, landed "The 900" at the 1999 X-Games after ten failed attempts. It was past regulation time but, as one announcer said, "We make up the rules as we go along. Let's give him another try." Other skaters protested, but Hawk continued. Hawk twice landed on his board, but it flew out from under him. When he finally completed the trick, his arms windmilled and his hand barely grazed the ramp.[6] Nonetheless, he rode away. He was awarded 1st place in the "Best Trick" event despite going over the time limit. At a later X-Games, Hawk landed the trick again, this time during regulation time.

text: In his book, the 900 was the last on the wishlist of tricks Hawk had written a decade earlier. Other tricks on the list included the ollie 540, kickflip 540, and varial 720. In a 1999 interview, Hawk said he does not have "any desire to spin further".[2] He did, however, successfully land the trick during press interviews for the video game Tony Hawk: Ride and at the "Tony Hawk: RIDE Presents Stand Up for Skate Parks" event.[7] In 2011 Hawk was still able to land his famous 900 and posted a video of the trick via his Twitter account stating "I'm 43 and I did a 900 today."[8][9] On June 27, 2016, Hawk successfully landed another 900 at age 48, 17 years to the day from when he completed his first at the X-Games, and indicated that it would likely be his last 900.[10]

text: Successful landings[edit]

text:
Tony Hawk, June 27 1999, X-Games, San Francisco, California (USA)[11]
Giorgio Zattoni, April 2004, Marianna HC, Ravenna (Italy)[12]
Sandro Dias, May 2004, Latin X-Games, Rio de Janeiro (Brazil)[13]
Alex Perelson, July 2009, Maloof Money Cup, Costa Mesa, California (USA)[14][15]
Bob Burnquist, first fakie to fakie Indy 900, August 2010 Mega Ramp, (USA)[16]
Mitchie Brusco, July 2011, Nescau MegaRamp Invitational, São Paulo (Brazil)[17]
Elliot Sloan, October 2011, Maloof Money Cup, South Africa[18]
Tom Schaar, October 2011, MegaRamp Woodward West, Tehachapi, California (USA)[19] (at age 12)
Zac Rose, April 2012 at Rye Airfield, NH (USA)[20]
Jonathan Schwan, April 2013, at MegaRamp Woodward West, Tehachapi, California (USA)[21][22]
Clay Kreiner, July 13, 2013, at the Mini MegaRamp Woodward East, Woodward, Pennsylvania (USA)[23]
Tas Pappas, April 24, 2014, Megaramp Victoria Australia[24]
Asher Bradshaw, at 10 years old, May 23, 2014, on the vert ramp at Woodward West, Tehachapi, California (USA)[25][26]
Evan Doherty, at 11 years old, on August 23, 2014, on the Vert ramp at Rocky Mountain Rampage Vert Contest, in Colorado Springs, CO. [27]
Luigi Cini, on Vert Ramp, Brazil. September 17th, 2016.[28]
Gui Khury, at 8 years old, September 30th, 2017 on the Vert Ramp in Brazil.[29]

tag: ol

text: The advent of the MegaRamp, invented in 2002, gives much higher vertical height which enabled even more revolutions and on March 26th, 2012, Tom Schaar landed a 1080 on his 5th attempt.[30]

text: Other sports[edit]

text: The 900 can also be attempted on a BMX bike, skis, snowboard, inline skates or a scooter. BMX-Rider Mat Hoffman was the first person to successfully land the 900 on film at a competition in Canada in 1989.[31] At the 2002 X Games, Hoffman took the trick a step further by landing a no-handed 900.[32] Simon Tabron's signature trick is the 900.[33] In the 2007 X Games 13 Simon Tabron landed the first back-to-back 900s.[34]

text: Because the gear of snowboarders, skiers, and inline skaters is affixed to their feet, the 900 is not considered to be a difficult trick for professionals in those sports and is performed rather often. 1620[35] and 1800[36][37] degree spins have been landed on skis, a 1620 has been performed on a snowboard[38][39] as well as on inline skates,[40][41] 1080 on BMX,[42][43] 1080 on scooter.[44]


document_title: Inferior vena cava

question_text: what is the function of the super vena cava

text: Inferior vena cava

text: Structure[edit]

text: The inferior vena cava is formed by the joining of the left and right common iliac veins and brings collected blood into the right atrium of the heart. It also joins with the azygos vein (which runs on the right side of the vertebral column) and venous plexuses next to the spinal cord.

text: The inferior vena cava begins as the left and right common iliac veins behind the abdomen unite, at about the level of L5. It passes through the thoracic diaphragm at the caval opening at the level of T8.

text: Tributaries[edit]

text: The specific levels of the tributaries are as follows:

text:
Level
Vein

T8
hepatic veins, inferior phrenic vein

L1
right suprarenal vein, renal veins

L2
right gonadal vein

L1–L5
lumbar veins

L5
common iliac veins

text: Because the inferior vena cava is located to the right of the midline, drainage of the tributaries is not always symmetrical. On the right, the gonadal veins and suprarenal veins drain into the inferior vena cava directly. On the left, they drain into the renal vein which in turn drains into the inferior vena cava. By contrast, all the lumbar veins and hepatic veins usually drain directly into the inferior vena cava.

text: Development[edit]

text: In the embryo, the inferior vena cava and right atrium are separated by the valve of the inferior vena cava, also known as the Eustachian valve. In the adult, this valve typically has totally regressed or remains as a small fold of endocardium.[1]

text: Variation[edit]

text: Rarely, the inferior vena cava may vary in its size and position. In transposition of the great arteries the inferior vena cava may lie on the left. It may be replaced by two vessels beneath the level of the renal veins.[2]

text: Function[edit]

text: The inferior vena cava is a vein. It carries deoxygenated blood from the lower half of the body to the right atrium of the heart.[2]

text: The corresponding vein that carries deoxygenated blood from the upper half of the body is the superior vena cava.

text: Clinical significance[edit]

text: Health problems attributed to the IVC are most often associated with it being compressed (ruptures are rare because it has a low intraluminal pressure). Typical sources of external pressure are an enlarged aorta (abdominal aortic aneurysm), the gravid uterus (aortocaval compression syndrome) and abdominal maligancies, such as colorectal cancer, renal cell carcinoma and ovarian cancer. Since the inferior vena cava is primarily a right-sided structure, unconscious pregnant women should be turned on to their left side (the recovery position), to relieve pressure on it and facilitate venous return {{citation needed}}. In rare cases, straining associated with defecation can lead to restricted blood flow through the IVC and result in syncope (fainting).[3]

text: Blockage of the inferior vena cava is rare, and is treated urgently as a life-threatening condition. It is associated with deep vein thrombosis, IVC filters, liver transplantation and surgical procedures such as the insertion of a catheter in the femoral vein in the groin.[4]

text: Trauma to the vena cava is usually fatal as unstoppable excessive blood loss occurs.

text: Additional images[edit]

text:
Inferior vena cava

Inferior vena cava front view