document_title: The Price Is Right (U.S. game show)

question_text: where do they shoot the price is right

question_tokens: where do they shoot the price is right

text: The Price Is Right (U.S. game show)

text: Gameplay[edit]

text: The gameplay of the show consists of four distinct competition elements, in which nine preliminary contestants (or six, depending on the episode's running time) are eventually narrowed to two finalists who compete in the game's final element, the "Showcase".

text: One Bid[edit]

text: At the beginning of the show, four contestants are called from the audience by the announcer to take a spot on the front row behind bidding podiums, which are embedded into the front edge of the stage. This area is known as "Contestants' Row".[3] The announcer shouts "Come on down!" after calling each selected contestant's name, a phrase which has become a trademark of the show.[4] The four contestants in Contestants' Row compete in a bidding round to determine which contestant will play the next pricing game (the round is known as "One Bid," which gets its name and format from one of two types of bidding rounds that existed on the 1950s version of the show). A prize is shown and each contestant gives a single bid for the item. In the first One-Bid game of each episode, bidding begins with the contestant on the viewer's left-to-right. In subsequent One-Bid rounds, the order of bidding still moves from the viewer's left-to-right, but it begins with the contestant most recently called down. Contestants are instructed to bid in whole dollars since the retail price of the item is rounded to the nearest dollar and another contestant's bid cannot be duplicated. If a contestant thinks the others have overbid, he or she bids $1 on the item. The contestant whose bid is closest to the actual retail price of the prize without going over wins that prize and gets to play the subsequent pricing game.[3] If all four contestants overbid, short buzzer tones sound, the lowest bid is announced and the bids are erased. The host then instructs the contestants to re-bid below the lowest previous bid. If a contestant bids the actual retail price, a bell rings and the contestant wins a cash bonus in addition to the prize. From the introduction of the bonus in 1977 until 1998, the "perfect bid" bonus was $100; it was permanently increased to the current $500 in 1998. On The Price Is Right $1,000,000 Spectacular, the bonus was $1,000. After each pricing game, another contestant is called to "come on down" to fill the spot of the contestant that won the previous round. The newest contestant bids first in each One Bid round. Contestants who fail to win a One Bid round—thus never making it onstage to play a pricing game—receive consolation prizes, currently $300, often sponsored by companies revealed by the announcer near the end of the show, before the Showcase.

text: Pricing games[edit]

text: After winning the One Bid, the contestant joins the host onstage for the opportunity to win additional prizes or cash by playing a pricing game. After the pricing game ends, a new contestant is selected for Contestants' Row and the process is repeated.[3] Six pricing games are played on each hour-long episode; three games per episode were played in the original half-hour format. Pricing game formats vary widely, ranging from simple dilemma games in which a contestant chooses one of two options to win to complex games of chance or skill in which guessing prices increases the odds of winning. On a typical hour-long episode, two games are played for a car, one game is played for a cash prize and the other three games offer expensive household merchandise or trips. Usually, at least one of the six games involves the pricing of grocery items, while another usually involves smaller prizes that can be used to win a larger prize package. Originally, five pricing games were in the rotation.[5] Since then, more games have been created and added to the rotation and, starting with the 60-minute expansion in 1975, the rate at which games premiered increased. Some pricing games were eventually discontinued, while others have been a mainstay since the show's debut in 1972. As of 2017, the rotation is among 77 games.[6] On the 1994 syndicated version hosted by Doug Davidson, the rules of several games were modified and other aesthetic changes were made. Notably, the grocery products used in some games on the daytime version were replaced by small merchandise prizes, generally valued at less than $100. Beginning in 2008, episodes of The Price Is Right $1,000,000 Spectacular featured rule changes to some pricing games which rewarded a $1 million bonus to the contestant if specific goals were achieved while playing the pricing game.

text: Showcase Showdown[edit]

text: Since the show's expansion to 60 minutes in 1975, each episode features two playings of the Showcase Showdown, occurring after the third and sixth pricing games. Each playing features the three contestants who played the preceding pricing games spinning "The Big Wheel" to determine who advances to the Showcase, the show's finale.[3] The contestants play in the order of the value of his or her winnings thus far (including the One Bid), with the contestant who has won the most spinning last.

text: The wheel contains 20 sections showing values from 5¢ to $1.00, in increments of five cents.[7] Contestants are allowed a maximum of two spins. The first contestant spins the wheel and may choose to stop with his or her score or spin again, adding the value of the second spin to their first. The second contestant then spins the wheel and tries to match or beat the leader's score; if he or she fails to do so, the contestant must spin again. If the second contestant's first spin matches or beats the score of the first contestant, he or she has the option of stopping or spinning again. The third contestant then spins; if his or her score is less than the leader then he or she will be required to spin again. In the event the second or third contestant's first spin ties the score of the leader, he or she will be given the option of spinning again as an alternative to entering a "spin-off" as described below.

text: If their total score of any contestant is less than that of the current leader, is beaten by the score of any subsequent contestant, or over $1.00, the contestant is eliminated from the game. The contestant whose score is nearest to $1.00 without going over advances to the Showcase at the end of the episode. Any spin that fails to make at least one complete revolution does not count; the contestant is given the opportunity to spin again, and if the contestant has visible difficulty in physically performing the task, the host can assist them.

text: If the first two contestants both spin twice and go over $1.00, the last contestant automatically advances to the Showcase and is given only one spin to determine their score; this is to ensure that a contestant advances to the showcase, avoiding a potential "triple over" scenario in which no one would advance. Any contestant whose score equals $1.00 (from either the first spin or the sum of two spins) receives a $1,000 bonus and, since December 1978, is allowed a bonus spin.[3] The contestant wins an additional $10,000 for landing on either 5¢ or 15¢ (which are adjacent to the $1.00 space and painted green), or an additional $25,000 for landing on $1.00. From December 1978 to September 22, 2008, the bonuses were $5,000 and $10,000 for landing on a green section and the $1.00, respectively.[3] If the wheel stops on any other amount or fails to make at least one revolution, the contestant wins no more money. The wheel is positioned on 5¢ prior to the bonus spin so that it cannot land on a winning prize without making a complete revolution.

text: Two or more contestants who are tied with the leading score compete in a "spin-off". Each contestant is allowed one additional spin and the contestant with the higher score advances to the Showcase. Multiple spin-offs are played until the tie is broken. Those who hit $1.00 in their spin-off spin still get $1,000 and a bonus spin. If two or more contestants tie with a score of $1.00, their bonus spins also determine their spin-off score. Only the spin-off score, not any bonus money won, determines which contestant moves on to the Showcase; thus, a person who wins the $10,000 bonus for landing on 15¢ would still lose the spin-off if their opponent lands on 20¢ or more. A tie in a bonus spin spin-off means the ensuing second spin-off will be spun with no bonuses available. Each spin must make one complete revolution in order to qualify. If a player's bonus spin spin-off does not make a complete revolution, the contestant must spin again, and the spin will be scored as in a second round of a spin-off (no bonuses).

text: The Showcase[edit]

text: At the end of the episode, the two contestants with the highest winnings, or since 1975 on hour-long episodes, the two Showcase Showdown winners, advance to the Showcase.[3] A "showcase" of prizes (currently two or three prizes) is presented and the top winner has the option of placing a bid on the total value of the showcase or passing the showcase to the runner-up, who is then required to bid. A second showcase is then presented and the contestant who had not bid on the first showcase makes his or her bid. Unlike the One Bid, the contestant bidding on the second showcase may bid the same amount as their opponent on the first showcase, since the two contestants are bidding on different prize packages. The contestant who has bid nearer to the price of their own showcase without going over wins the prizes in his or her showcase.

text: Any contestant who overbids is disqualified regardless of their opponent's result. A double overbid results in neither contestant winning a showcase. Since 1974, any contestant who comes within a specified amount from the actual retail price of their own showcase without going over wins both showcases. Until 1998, the amount was less than $100.[3] In 1998, it became the current $250 or less.

text: Personnel[edit]

text: Hosts[edit]

text: Bob Barker began hosting The Price Is Right on September 4, 1972 and completed a 35-year tenure on June 15, 2007. Barker was hired as host while still hosting the stunt comedy show Truth or Consequences. His retirement coincided with his 50th year as a television host. His final show aired on June 15, 2007 and was repeated in primetime, leading into the network's coverage of the 34th Daytime Emmy Awards.[8] In addition to hosting, Barker became Executive Producer of the show in March 1988 when Frank Wayne died and continued as such until his retirement, gaining significant creative control over the series between 2000 and his 2007 retirement. He also was responsible for creating several of the show's pricing games, as well as launching The Price Is Right $1,000,000 Spectacular primetime spin-off. Reruns of Barker's final season were aired throughout the summer from the Monday after his final show (June 18, 2007) until the Friday before Drew Carey's debut as host (October 12, 2007), when the season 35 finale was re-aired. During his time as host, Barker missed only one taping of four episodes; Dennis James, then hosting the syndicated nighttime version of the show, filled in for him on these shows in December 1974.[3] After he became a noted animal rights advocate in 1981 shortly after the death of his wife Dorothy Jo, Barker signed off each broadcast, informing viewers with the public service message, "Help control the pet population: have your pets spayed or neutered." Carey continued the tradition upon becoming the new host.

text: On October 31, 2006, Barker announced that he would retire from the show at the end of season 35. In March 2007, CBS and FremantleMedia began a search for the next host of the show. Carey, who was hosting Power of 10 at the time, was chosen and, in a July 23, 2007 interview on Late Show with David Letterman, made the announcement.[9] Carey's first show aired October 15, 2007. Barker has made several guest appearances since Carey took over as host: on the April 16, 2009 episode to promote his autobiography, Priceless Memories; on the December 12, 2013, as part of "Pet Adoption Week" that coincided with his 90th birthday;[10] and on the episode which aired on April Fools' Day in 2015, hosting the first One Bid and pricing game as part of April Fool's Day.[11]

text: The 2013 April Fools' show featured Carey and announcer George Gray modeling the prizes while the show's models performed hosting and announcing duties for the day.[12] On the April Fools' Day episode in 2014, Craig Ferguson, Carey's former castmate from The Drew Carey Show, and Shadoe Stevens hosted and announced, swapping places with Carey and Gray respectively, who performed the same roles on the previous night's episode of The Late Late Show.[13]

text: Announcers[edit]

text: Johnny Olson, the announcer for many Goodson-Todman shows of the era, was the program's original announcer until his death in October 1985.[14] Olson was replaced by Rod Roddy in February 1986,[15] who remained with the program until shortly before his death in October 2003.[16] Los Angeles meteorologist Rich Fields took over as the announcer in April 2004[17] and stayed on until the end of season 38 in August 2010. Following a change of direction and a search for an announcer with more experience in improvisational comedy,[18][19] veteran TV host George Gray was confirmed as the show's current announcer on the April 18, 2011 episode.[20] After Olson's and Roddy's deaths in 1985 and 2003, respectively and Fields' departure in 2010, a number of announcers auditioned before a permanent replacement was hired. In addition to Roddy, Gene Wood, Rich Jeffries, and Bob Hilton auditioned to replace Olson. Former Family Feud announcer Burton Richardson, Paul Boland, and former Supermarket Sweep announcer Randy West substituted for Roddy during his illnesses. In addition to West and Richardson, Daniel Rosen, Art Sanders, Roger Rose, Don Bishop and current Wheel of Fortune announcer Jim Thornton also auditioned for the role eventually filled by Fields. Richardson substituted for Fields while he recovered from laryngitis in December 2006. In addition to Gray, TV host JD Roberto, comedians Jeff B. Davis, Brad Sherwood, and David H. Lawrence XVII, and actor/comedian Steve White also auditioned for the role.

text: Models[edit]

text: To help display its many prizes, the show has featured several models who were known, during Barker's time on the show, as "Barker's Beauties". Some longer-tenured Barker's Beauties included Kathleen Bradley (1990–2000), Holly Hallstrom (1977–1995), Dian Parkinson (1975–1993), and Janice Pennington (1972–2000). Pennington and Bradley were both dismissed from the program in 2000, allegedly because they had given testimony on Hallstrom's behalf in the wrongful termination litigation she pursued against Barker and the show.[21] Following the departures of Nikki Ziering, Heather Kozar and Claudia Jordan in the 2000s, producers decided to use a rotating cast of models (up to ten) until the middle of season 37, after which the show reverted to five regular models. Since March 2008, the models include Rachel Reynolds, Amber Lancaster and Gwendolyn Osbourne; Manuela Arbeláez joined the cast in April 2009, replacing Brandi Sherwood and James O'Halloran joined the cast in December 2014. Carey does not use a collective name for the models, but refers to them by name, hoping that the models will be able to use the show as a "springboard" to further their careers.[22] In a change from previous policy, the models appearing on a given episode are named individually in the show's credits and are formally referred as "The Price Is Right models" when collectively grouped at events. Since season 37, the show often uses a guest model for certain prizes, often crossing over from another CBS property or come courtesy of the company providing the prize. Some such models have been male, especially for musical instruments, tools, trucks and motorcycles, and used in guest appearances during the Showcase. Owing to the traditionally female demographic of daytime television shows, along with the pregnancies of Reynolds and Osbourne, CBS announced that the game show would add a male model for a week during season 41, fitting with other countries with the franchise that have used an occasional male model. The show held an internet search for the man in an online competition that featured Mike Richards, the show's executive producer, Reynolds, Lancaster, Osbourne and Arbeláez serving as judges and mentors during the web series, narrated by Gray. Viewers selected the winner in October 2012.[23] On October 5, 2012, CBS announced that the winner of the male model online competition was Rob Wilson of Boston, Massachusetts.[24] Wilson appeared as a model on episodes through April 15, 2014.[25] This contest was scheduled to be repeated in 2014, with auditions taking place during the FIFA World Cup break between May and July 2014. On December 8, 2014, CBS announced that the winner of the second male model online competition was James O'Halloran.

text: Production staff[edit]

text: The game show production team of Mark Goodson and Bill Todman was responsible for producing the original as well as the revival versions of the game show. Goodson-Todman staffer Bob Stewart is credited with creating the original version of The Price Is Right. Roger Dobkowitz was the producer from 1984 to 2008, having worked with the program as a production staffer since the show's debut after graduating from San Francisco State University. Occasionally, Dobkowitz appeared on-camera when answering a question posed by the host, usually relating to the show's history or records. When he left the show at the end of season 36, Variety reported that it was unclear whether he was retiring or was fired,[26] although Carey indicated in a later interview with Esquire that Dobkowitz was fired.[27] As of 2011, the show uses multiple producers, all long-time staffers. Adam Sandler (not to be confused with the actor) is the producer of the show. Stan Blits, who joined the show in 1980 and Sue MacIntyre are the co-producers. Kathy Greco joined the show in 1975 and became producer in 2008; she announced her retirement October 8, 2010 on the show's website, effective at the end of the December 2010 tapings. Her last episode as producer, which aired January 27, 2011, featured a theme in tribute to her. The show's official website featured a series of videos including an interview with Greco as a tribute to her 35 years in the days leading up to her final episode.[28] Frank Wayne, a Goodson-Todman staffer since the 1950s, was the original executive producer of the CBS version of the show. Barker assumed that role after Wayne's death in March 1988, as previously stated. Previous producers have included Jay Wolpert, Barbara Hunter and Phil Wayne Rossi (Wayne's son). Michael Dimich assumed the director's chair in June 2011.[29] Marc Breslow, Paul Alter, Bart Eskander and Rich DiPirro each served long stints previously as director. Former associate directors Andrew Felsher and Fred Witten, as well as technical director Glenn Koch, have directed episodes strictly on a fill-in basis. Sandler began directing episodes in 2012, and became the official director in 2013. Aside from Barker, the show's production staff remained intact after Carey became host. FremantleMedia executive Syd Vinnedge was named the program's new executive producer, with Richards becoming co-executive producer after Dobkowitz's departure. Richards was a candidate to replace Barker as host in 2007, before Carey was ultimately chosen.[30] Richards succeeded Vinnedge as executive producer when the 2009–10 season started, with Tracy Verna Soiseth joining Richards as co-executive producer in 2010.[31] Vinnedge remains credited as an executive consultant to the show.[32]

text: Production[edit]

text: Audience and contestant selection[edit]

text: Many audience members arrive early on the day of a taping, and often camp out the night before to attend.[33] Most have already received tickets for that day's show, although some hope to get same-day tickets. Audience members are then given the iconic name tags with a temporary identification number, which is also written on the person's ticket. A Social Security Number (or some national I.D. number for non-U.S. audience members) is also required to be submitted. Audience members are eventually brought through in groups of twelve for brief interviews with the production staff. Contrary to popular belief, contestant names are not chosen at random; rather, the interviews determine possible selections for the nine contestants per taping from among the pool of approximately 325 audience members. Since 1988, the minimum age for audience members has been 18; prior to 1988, teenagers and children as young as 12 were present in the audience. With few exceptions, anyone at least 18 years old who attends a taping of the show has the potential to become a contestant. Those ineligible include current candidates for political office, employees of CBS Corporation or its affiliates, RTL Group or any firm involved in offering prizes for the show. Contestants who have appeared on a different game show within the previous year or either two other game shows or any version of The Price Is Right itself within the past ten years are also ineligible.[34] The show's staff alerts potential contestants – in person, on the show's website and on the tickets themselves – to dress in "street clothes" and not to wear costumes, such as those used to attract attention on Let's Make a Deal, another show that featured contestants selected from the audience. Those who have attended tapings in June 2008 noted that producers disallowed audience members from wearing fake eyeglasses designed to look similar to those worn by Carey, a restriction that has since been relaxed.[35] Instead, contestants will often wear shirts with hand-decorated slogans. Members of the Armed Forces are often in uniform. Cell phones, tape recorders, backpacks, price lists and portable electronic devices are not allowed in the studio. Prospective contestants obtain tickets by contacting a third-party ticketing operator via the show's website, which is promoted on-air during the broadcast. Prior to 2011, ticketing was directly through CBS, originally via mail, with online ticket access added in 2005. The mail practice ended after CBS began outsourcing ticketing to the third-party operator.[36]

text: Occasionally, episodes are taped with special audience restrictions. For Memorial Day in 1991, an episode was taped with an audience composed entirely of those who had served in the Armed Forces. Similar primetime episodes were taped in 2002, honoring each branch of the United States military and a sixth episode honoring police officers and firefighters. An annual military episode has been taped starting Season 38 in 2008, originally on Veteran's Day, but moved in Season 41 (2013) to Independence Day, features an all-military audience, a Marine band playing the winner's service anthem, and contestants being called by rank. The 2008 episode contained a unique rule in which each One Bid featured one contestant from the Army, Navy, Air Force and Marines, and One Bid winners also won a $1,000 gift card. As each contestant won his/her way onstage, he/she was replaced by a member of the same branch of service. Most civilian attendees were retired or disabled veterans or family members of military. The 2009 version eliminated the service member from the same branch replacing another after advancing from Contestants' Row rule. Additionally, members from the United States Coast Guard were invited to the show.

text: Beginning in 2009, some episodes have featured special themes with two contestants competing as teams, such as married or engaged couples for Valentine's Day and the "Ultimate Wedding Shower" episode. There have also been episodes with children who are minors (normally not allowed to compete) teamed with a parent (for Mother's Day and Father's Day) or grandparent (for Grandparents Day), as well as teen drivers and students for "Ultimate Spring Break" and "Back to School". In these cases the adult player (not the minor) must make all final decisions in the game play, such as when calling numbers or prices.

text: Two taped episodes had to be replaced as a contestant was related to a CBS employee and therefore ineligible to be on the show.[37] The other contestants who appeared on that episode were awarded their prizes, but the episode was never aired and cannot be shown because of policies imposed by Barker over prizes on the show.[38] There have been similar instances over the years of ineligible contestants appearing on stage, but these individuals were not edited out of the final broadcast since it was discovered in post-production. Usually, these episodes air with a disclaimer from the announcer added in post-production that one of the contestants was found ineligible (not specifying which one). Standards and Practices guidelines for game shows state that if an ineligible contestant wins a One-Bid and the other contestants on Contestants' Row at the time do not win a subsequent One-Bid, they are not considered to have made an appearance on the show and are immediately eligible again once the error has been discovered.

text: Taping[edit]

text: Except for the 30th Anniversary Special, which was taped at Harrah's Rio in Las Vegas, Nevada, The Price Is Right has been taped in Studio 33 in CBS Television City in Hollywood, California for its entire run.[39] The studio, which is also used for other television productions, was renamed the Bob Barker Studio in the host's honor on the ceremonial 5,000th episode taped in March 1998.[40] When Carey became host, there was talk of the show traveling in the future.[22] The program is usually produced in about an hour, although if there is a guest involved, some tapings will last longer because of question and answer sessions by the audience and the guest, which the host usually moderates.[41] Two episodes are usually taped each day, normally with three taping days per week (Monday through Wednesday, with one episode taped at 12:00 pm and another at 4:00 pm). The program is taped in advance of its airdate. For example, the show broadcast on February 28, 2008 was taped on January 16.[42] As with many other shows that start production in the summer, the lead time varies during the season, as many as fifteen weeks to as little as one day. The audience is entertained by the announcer before taping begins and in case of guests, the guest will answer questions from the audience. After the taping session, there is a drawing for a door prize. On some episodes, all members of the audience receive a prize from a sponsor or celebrity guest; those prizes are usually mentioned in the Showcase (such as a complimentary slice of Papa John's Pizza, an NHL Winter Classic game puck, a couples' gift box from Hershey's or a book authored by a guest).[43] Television and Internet viewers have also been directed to the show's official website to enter a drawing for a similar prize offered to all viewers or another prize related to the special offer (such as the Rock of Ages signed CD). Some episodes are taped "out-of-order" so that a specific episode will air after other episodes have aired. Notably, the Christmas Week episodes are usually taped in early December outside of the regular rotation. An episode may be taped out-of-order if a prize package reflects a trip to an event that is taking place close to the date that episode will air (primarily with CBS properties such as the Academy of Country Music Awards, NCAA Men's Division I Basketball Championship, and various NFL on CBS games, most notably CBS Super Bowl years since Carey took over, but other games are offered). Other episodes may be aired out-of-order because of game-related incidents or situations beyond the network's control. Most episodes which have aired out of order have occurred when the show is taped far in advance, but in the time between the show taping and its airdate, a natural disaster took place at the trip venue. This happened in June 2005 with episodes that featured trips to New Orleans (which was later struck by Hurricane Katrina), with airdates moved to May and June 2006 and again in April 2010 with episodes that featured trips to Nashville, Tennessee (due to the May 2010 Tennessee floods), with airdates moved to September 2010.

text: Production company[edit]

text: The version of the series that began in 1972 was originally "A Mark Goodson–Bill Todman Production" in association with CBS.[44] After Todman died in July 1979, the unit became known as simply Mark Goodson Productions and was announced as such on The Price Is Right from 1984 to June 2007. Today, the series is produced by FremantleMedia and copyrighted by The Price Is Right Productions, Inc., a joint venture of RTL Group and CBS. For the sake of tradition and through special permission from RTL's subsidiary FremantleMedia, the show continued to use the Mark Goodson Productions name, logo and announcement at the end of each episode until Barker's retirement, even after FremantleMedia purchased and absorbed the Goodson-Todman holdings. The show is now credited as a FremantleMedia production.

text: Broadcast history[edit]

text: The Price Is Right premiered on September 4, 1972 at 10:30 am ET (9:30 CT) on CBS, one of three game shows to debut that day, the other two being The Joker's Wild at 10:00 am ET and Gambit at 11:00 am ET. The show was first billed as The New Price Is Right to distinguish itself from the earlier/original version (1956–65) hosted by Bill Cullen, but it proved so popular in its own right that, in June 1973, the producers decided to drop the word "New" from its title. On March 26, 1973, CBS moved The Price Is Right to 3:00 pm ET, pairing it with Match Game as part of what became the highest-rated pairing in daytime. The show remained in that time slot until August 11, 1975 when it permanently returned to the morning lineup at 10:30am ET. During one week (September 8–12, 1975), the show bumped Gambit off as it experimented with sixty-minute episodes. The result of the experiment led to the permanent expansion on November 3, 1975, moving its start time to 10:00 am EST. On March 7, 1977, The Price Is Right moved back to 10:30am and remained there until April 23, 1979, when it assumed its 11:00 am EST slot, where it has been since then. The format of the show has since remained virtually unchanged. New pricing games are generally added each year, while others are removed. In addition, prizes and pricing games have kept pace with inflation, with games originally designed for four-digit prices of prizes (most often cars) to be adjusted to allow for five-digit prices. While the set has been redesigned and upgraded, the show maintained a similar aesthetic element from its premiere in 1972. In season 36, CBS began offering full episodes of the show available for free viewing on the network's website. The show also began broadcasting in high definition with The Price Is Right $1,000,000 Spectacular primetime specials (the normal daytime version continued to air in 4:3 standard definition).[45] The show made the full transition to HD broadcasts beginning with season 37. During the weeks of September 28, 2009, September 20 and October 4, 2010, two new episodes aired each weekday on CBS. In 2009, the additional episodes filled a gap between the cancellation of the daytime drama Guiding Light and the debut of Let's Make a Deal. In 2010, the extra episodes aired between the cancellation of As the World Turns and the debut of The Talk. The intervening week offered a second episode of Let's Make a Deal. The 2009 second episode aired in the time slot vacated by Guiding Light at 10:00 am or 3:00 pm ET/PT, depending on the affiliate's choice. In 2010, the second episode aired in the former As the World Turns time slot, at 2:00 pm ET/PT.

text: Syndicated productions[edit]

text: Three syndicated versions of The Price Is Right have aired. The first two followed the same format as the half-hour daytime version but were intended to air on most stations in the early evening in the pre-prime time slot, and as such they were referred by the announcer as "the nighttime Price Is Right."

text: A weekly syndicated version debuted the week after the daytime show and continued to air until September 1980.[46] It was distributed by Viacom Enterprises, which had started as the syndication arm of CBS. When Mark Goodson devised the revival of Price for the 1972–73 season, it was intended for a nighttime broadcast under new rules for early-prime syndication and Goodson named Dennis James to host the show. (When CBS commissioned a new daily daytime version, Goodson also wanted James to host the show, but CBS wanted Barker, who was hosting Truth or Consequences at the time, to take it. Barker offered to compromise by hosting The Joker's Wild, but CBS again insisted Barker host Price instead.)[47][48]

text: James eventually hosted a taping day (four half-hour episodes) of the daytime show in December 1974 when Barker fell ill and was unable to participate in the episode tapings.[3] The two versions were largely similar at the beginning, as both were called The New Price Is Right. Some games had rule differences because of the larger budget and less commercial time on the nighttime show; for example, Double Prices was played for two prizes instead of one.

text: This version retained the 1972 half-hour format for its entire run and never adopted the daytime show's Double Showcase rule or the Showcase Showdown added to the daytime format when it expanded to an hour in 1975. As of season two, the word "New" was dropped from the program's name. It was titled The Price Is Right (as the daytime show was by this time as well), often referred to on the air as "the nighttime Price Is Right." In most of the U.S., stations carried the syndicated Price as one of several weekly programs aired in one of the time slots in the hour before prime time which were created by the 1971 FCC Prime Time Access Rule.[44]

text: Though the nighttime version originally had higher ratings, by 1975, the ratings started to drop. After the fifth nighttime season in 1977, when the contract with NBC's owned and operated stations ended, James' contract was not renewed. CBS' owned and operated stations picked the show up and the decision was made to hire Barker, whose Truth or Consequences was taped two years ahead and had stopped production in 1975. The series taped its 300th and final episode on March 12, 1980 and was canceled after weekly syndicated game shows had fallen out of popularity in favor of daily offerings (such as Family Feud, which expanded to daily syndication the same year The Nighttime Price Is Right ended). With a run of eight seasons, it was one of the longest-running weekly syndicated game shows of the era and the longest-running regularly scheduled prime-time version of Price (the 1957–1964 run was seven seasons).

text: Five years later, veteran host Tom Kennedy starred in a new daily syndicated version,[49][50] which also used the traditional half-hour format and was syndicated by The Television Program Source. Like the previous syndicated series, this version had a slightly larger budget than its daytime counterpart. A perfect bid during the One-Bids won that contestant a $500 bonus (compared to $100 awarded on the daytime show during the same period); this bonus would permanently carry over to the daytime show in 1998. This version used the same models as the daytime show as well as announcer Johnny Olson, who as noted above died during the season. Unlike the daytime series, which employed a series of guest announcers until a permanent replacement was decided upon, the syndicated series brought Gene Wood in to fill in for Olson. When the daytime series decided on Rod Roddy as the permanent replacement for Olson, he took over the syndicated series from Wood as well.

text: Like its predecessor, this syndicated edition of Price was intended to be aired in the Prime Time Access slots on local stations. However, local stations found themselves bombarded with game shows and other series looking for spots on stations in an increasingly crowded market. This often resulted in shows like Price airing anywhere that they could be fit into a station's programming lineup, such as in the early morning period or in late-night slots. As a consequence, the show would not be able to find its intended audience and the ratings reports would reflect this.

text: Price was no exception, as many of the stations that bought the series placed it in these less desirable slots and the show could not find a foothold against the popular shows of the day, such as the runaway success of the syndicated Wheel of Fortune. Compared to some of the other shows on the market during this period, Price was a modest success, but it did not meet the very high expectations stations and producers had for the series. As a result, the show was not renewed beyond its first season. A total of 170 episodes were produced, and they aired in first-run from September 9, 1985 to May 30, 1986.[citation needed] During the six years it held the rights to Price, the Kennedy version is the only one of the three syndicated versions that was rerun by GSN.

text: The New Price Is Right[edit]

text: Eight years after the cancellation of Kennedy's Price Is Right, a new syndicated version premiered on September 12, 1994, hosted by Doug Davidson and distributed by Paramount Domestic Television. This series featured several significant changes: eliminating Contestants' Row, a different format for the Showcase Showdown, a Showcase featuring only one contestant, a completely different set and a much larger budget (even when compared to the two previous syndicated runs) that gave contestants the potential to win up to five times what they could win on the daytime show.[51] However, this version found even more trouble finding an audience than the two previous syndicated series did and ended its run on January 27, 1995, after only 16 weeks of first-run shows. Several stylistic elements of this series, as well as many of its music cues, were later integrated into both the daytime version and nighttime specials.

text: CBS primetime specials and series[edit]

text: CBS attempted to break NBC's dominance of Thursday night prime time by The Cosby Show and Family Ties with a six-episode summer series, The Price Is Right Special, beginning in August 1986.[52] On August 23, 1996, CBS aired an hour-long 25th Anniversary Special, using the half-hour gameplay format and featuring a number of retrospective clips. The 30th Anniversary Special was recorded at Harrah's Rio All Suite Hotel and Casino in Las Vegas and aired on January 31, 2002.[53] This one-time road trip enticed 5,000 potential contestants to line up for 900 available tickets, causing an incident that left one person injured.[54] A second six-episode primetime series saluting various branches of the United States armed forces, police officers and firefighters aired during the summer of 2002, as a tribute to the heroes of the terrorist attacks of 2001.[55] During the series The Price Is Right Salutes, spinning $1.00 in a bonus spin during the Showcase Showdown was worth $100,000 instead of the usual $10,000.

text: The success of the primetime series, which aired mostly in the summer, along with the rise of "million dollar" game shows, led to CBS launching another primetime series in 2003, titled The Price Is Right $1,000,000 Spectacular. The 2007–08 Writers Guild of America strike and original success in the Nielsen ratings led CBS to commission ten more episodes of the primetime series. This series introduced set changes as the show was broadcast in high definition television for the first time and the set used for these episodes (except for the black floor) was moved to the daytime show in 2008.[56] On the primetime series, larger and more expensive prizes were generally offered than on the daytime show. The Showcase frequently offered multiple or very-expensive cars. In the first sixteen $1,000,000 Spectaculars all hosted by Barker, the payoff for landing on the $1.00 during a bonus spin in the Showcase Showdown was increased to $1 million. Beginning with the seventh special, if nobody had received a bonus spin in either Showcase Showdown, the winner of the Showcase received one bonus spin for a chance at $1 million. If both contestants overbid, an audience member was chosen at random to spin the wheel. This rule was later changed so that in the event of a double overbid, the contestant who overbid by the lower amount received the bonus spin for a chance at $1 million.

text: The million-dollar spin was eliminated in 2008, and instead contestants were given two ways to winning the prize. One pricing game per episode was selected as a "million-dollar game", with a secondary objective needing to be met in order for the contestant to win the money. Contestants were also awarded the million dollar bonus if they managed to win both Showcases, and the range the players had to come within was initially increased to $1,000, then reduced to $500. This format lasted one season (2008), which was made as replacement programming.

text: On February 12, 2016, CBS announced that it would air three primetime Price is Right specials themed around its reality show franchises The Amazing Race, Big Brother, and Survivor along with the appearance of their respective hosts from all three franchises Phil Keoghan, Julie Chen and Jeff Probst. The episodes featured fans of the three programs playing alongside past participants from them. The specials were filmed in March 2016, and aired over three consecutive nights, May 23–25, 2016.[57][58]

text: Gameshow Marathon[edit]

text: On May 31, 2006, The Price Is Right was featured on the series Gameshow Marathon, one of seven classic game shows hosted by talk show host and actress Ricki Lake.[59] This version combined aspects of the Barker and Davidson versions with the celebrity contestants playing three pricing games, followed by a Showcase Showdown where the two contestants with the highest scores moved on to the Showcase. The winner of the Showcase also earned a spot in Finalists' Row. This version was announced by Fields and taped in Studio 46. It also marked the first Price Is Right episode directed by DiPirro, who replaced Eskander as the director on the daytime show in January 2009.

text: Reality web show spinoffs[edit]

text: Road to Price[edit]

text: Road to Price is a six episode reality documentary show aired on the now-defunct CBS Innertube[60][61] from September 20 to 27 in 2006. The program featured nine teenage boys driving to Los Angeles in a refurbished mini-school bus as they leave their hometown of Merrimack, New Hampshire in order to be on The Price is Right. The episode of The Price is Right featuring the cast aired September 27, 2006.

text: The Price is Right Male Model Search[edit]

text: Five episodes aired on their official website priceisright.com[62][63] from October 27 to November 11, 2014. The series was created in order to replace the first male Price model Rob Wilson as he pursued an acting career in the online version of the ABC daytime soap opera All My Children. During the webisode series, hopeful contestants attempt to be selected as the next male model. Judges included Mike Richards, Manuela Arbeláez, Amber Lancaster, Gwendolyn Osborne-Smith, Rachel Reynolds, Rob Wilson and former Miss America Shanna Moakler. The three finalists appeared on the CBS daytime talk show The Talk. Online voting determined the winner, and James O'Halloran became the newest cast member. He began appearing with the episode which aired December 15, 2014.

text: Documentary film[edit]

text: Perfect Bid: The Contestant Who Knew Too Much was released on October 13, 2017 and was directed by CJ Wallis[64] and was produced by FortyFPS Productions and MK Ultra Productions, this documentary explores how contestant Ted Slauson became adept at memorizing the prices of the prizes and products on the show since its inception in 1972 by culminating with Slauson helping a contestant bid perfectly on a showcase in 2008 which resulted in one of the biggest controversies in game show history that was covered by Time, Esquire, TMZ and more. It also featured guest appearances by Bob Barker, Roger Dobkowitz, Kevin Pollak and Drew Carey.

text: Prizes[edit]

text: As of November 2009, the show had given away approximately $250 million in cash and prizes.[65] Furs have not been offered as prizes since Barker's tenure as host (although wool and leather are now permitted). Several Barker-imposed prohibitions have been lifted since his departure, such as offering products made of leather or leather seats in vehicles and showing simulated meat props on barbecues and in ovens. The show has also offered couture clothing and accessories, featuring designers such as Coach Inc., Louis Vuitton and Limited Brands in an attempt to attract a younger demographic, as well as backyard play equipment such as JumpSport Trampolines[66] and electronics such as smartphones, personal computer systems, video game systems and entertainment centers. Other prizes which have frequently appeared on the show since its beginnings include automobiles, furniture, trips and cash. The most expensive prize offered on this version of the show was a Ferrari 458 Italia Spider sports car, priced at $285,716, that appeared on the April 25, 2013 episode during "Big Money Week".[67] The prize was offered during the 3 Strikes pricing game. Prior to this, the most expensive prize was a Tesla Roadster (valued at $112,845), featured on the April 22, 2010 episode in the pricing game Golden Road.[68]

text: Automobiles[edit]

text: Since the show's debut, automobiles have been a signature prize on The Price Is Right. Most hour-long episodes have two pricing games that are each played for an automobile and in most episodes (although not all), at least one showcase will include an automobile. For special episodes, such as the 5,000th episode, there will often be more cars offered. From 1991 to 2008, almost all automobiles offered on the show were made by companies based in the United States, specifically Detroit's Big Three (although cars made by these companies' foreign subsidiaries or in a joint-venture with a foreign company were also offered). The move was made by Barker, in his capacity as executive producer, as a sign of patriotism during the first Iraq war in 1991 and as a show of support to the American car industry, which was particularly struggling at that time. When Chrysler merged with German automaker Daimler-Benz in 1998 to form Daimler Chrysler AG (now simply Daimler AG after Chrysler split from the automaker; Chrysler is now controlled by Italian automaker Fiat), the foreign ownership of Chrysler did not affect carrying any Chrysler-related models. Since Barker's retirement, cars made by foreign companies have been offered, most notably Honda, which has several factories throughout Ohio (the home state of Carey and then-announcer Fields). Through product placement, certain episodes in 2008 and 2009 featured Honda as the exclusive automobile manufacturer for vehicles offered on that episode. The major European (Volkswagen, BMW, Daimler, Fiat and Volvo) and Asian (Hyundai-Kia, Toyota, Mitsubishi, Mazda, Nissan and Honda) manufacturers have all provided cars on the show since the ban was lifted, with premium foreign cars almost exclusively used for games that generally offer higher-priced cars, such as Golden Road and 3 Strikes. Starting around 2010, vintage and classic cars have occasionally been offered as prizes for games which do not involve pricing them. Among them have been a 1955 Chevrolet Bel Air and a 1964 Bentley S3. These cars are usually offered in games where their prices are irrelevant to gameplay, such as Hole in One and Bonus Game.

text: Winnings records[edit]

text: The record for the largest individual total in cash and prizes on a daytime episode is held by Christen Freeman. On the October 28, 2016 episode,[69] which aired during Big Money Week, Freeman won $210,000 in cash during a playing of Cliff Hangers. During the episode, game rules were modified to offer a top prize of $250,000, which was reduced by $10,000 for every step the mountain climber took. In addition to her One Bid prize and an additional $1,000 won during the Showcase Showdown, Freeman's grand total was $212,879.

text: The record for winnings on the primetime show is currently held by Adam Rose. On February 22, 2008, the first The Price Is Right $1,000,000 Spectacular episode since Carey became host, Rose won $20,000 playing Grand Game and won both showcases, which included a Cadillac XLR convertible in his own showcase and a Ford Escape Hybrid in his opponent's showcase, plus a $1 million bonus for being within $1,000 of the actual retail price of his own showcase, bringing his total to $1,153,908.[70]

text: Terry Kniess holds the record for the closest bid on a showcase without going over, guessing the exact price of the showcase he was given. Kniess, an avid viewer of the show, recorded and watched every episode for four months prior to when he and his wife had tickets to attend in September 2008.[27] Kniess learned that many prizes were repeatedly used (always at the same price) and began taking notes. Kniess was selected as a contestant on September 22, 2008, lost his pricing game (the only contestant to do so that episode), made it to the final showcase and guessed the exact amount of $23,743 for his showcase.[27] Many show staffers, including Carey, were worried that the show was rigged and that Kniess was cheating.[27] Kniess later explained that he had seen all three items of the showcase before and knew the general prices in the thousands. The 743 he used because it was his PIN, based on his wedding date and his wife's birth month.[27]

text: Carey attributed his subdued reaction to the perfect bid by saying, "Everybody thought someone had cheated. We'd just fired Roger Dobkowitz, and all the fan groups were upset about it. ... I remember asking, 'Are we ever going to air this?' And nobody could see how we could. So I thought the show was never going to air. I thought somebody had cheated us, and I thought the whole show was over. I thought they were going to shut us down, and I thought I was going to be out of a job."[27] Kniess later defended his actions, claiming that he never cheated, and in the end, was awarded his prizes. (His feat can be comparable to the actions of Michael Larson, who appeared on the CBS 1980s game show Press Your Luck, and won $110,237 by memorizing the board sequence.)[27]

text: Reception[edit]

text: Awards[edit]

text: The Price Is Right has received seven Daytime Emmy Awards for Outstanding Game/Audience Participation Show, in 1988, 1996, 1997, 2004, 2007, 2013 and 2016.

text: Critical reaction[edit]

text: The Price Is Right has generally been praised and remained a stalwart in television ratings over its long history.[71] In a 2007 article, TV Guide named the program the "greatest game show of all time."[72] The introduction of the program ushered in a new era of game shows—moving away from the knowledge-based quiz show format, creating "a noisy, carnival atmosphere that challenged cultural norms and assumptions represented in previous generations of quiz shows".[73]

text: The show's early reception was not as universally positive, as critics lamented the show's stark departure from the highbrow norms of the Golden Age of Television; original nighttime host Dennis James admitted that even his own housekeeper did not watch the show for that reason, but also defended the series, saying "CBS, who never wanted game shows, just put three game shows on the air, so they know they had better join the fight or lose out, because game shows have a tremendous appeal. The critics will always look down their noses, but you can't have The Bell Telephone Hour on and still stay in competition [...] If you want to read books, read books."[74]

text: Controversy[edit]

text: Lawsuits[edit]

text: Since the mid-1990s, the program production company and in some cases the executive producer (both Barker and Richards, the executive producer since September 2009) have been sued by numerous women. Most of the lawsuits involved models and other staff members in cases of sexual harassment, wrongful termination and racial discrimination.[71] Allegations of sexual harassment brought by Parkinson led to Barker calling a press conference to admit a past consensual sexual relationship with her, while denying any harassment and alleging instead that she was only angry with him for calling off the relationship. Barker was widowed in 1981 following the death of his wife, Dorothy Jo.[75] It has also been alleged that Barker and senior staff created a hostile work environment, particularly to those who testified for the plaintiffs suing Barker.[21] Responding to the controversy just before his retirement, Barker told William Keck of USA Today, "[The allegations have] been such a problem. I don't want to say anything about them. They [were] disgusting; I don't want to mention them."[76] The Barker-era lawsuits, except for one, were settled out of court. After Barker dropped his slander suit against Hallstrom, she eventually countersued and received millions in settlement.[77][78] There are two lawsuits in litigation: a pregnancy discrimination suit involving Sherwood[79] and a sexual harassment suit involving Lanisha Cole, filed in September 2011.[80]

text: Plinko board incident[edit]

text: The Plinko board is often used by RTL Group-licensed lottery promotions, CBS affiliates and Fremantle's Ludia video game division to promote the show. For the promotions, two fishing lines (one on each side of the board, hanging from the side down towards the center slot) are used to rig the game so the dropped chip always lands in the $10,000 slot. After an advertisement for the show's Ludia video game was taped, the wires were mistakenly left in place for the 1:00 pm taping of The Price Is Right on July 22, 2008. As a contestant was playing the game, three consecutive chips she dropped landed in the $10,000 slot. As the fourth chip was being dropped, a co-producer realized that the wires were still in place and stopped the chip as it bounced down the board, informing Carey of the situation. The wires were removed and the entire segment was re-shot for the show from the point where the contestant began dropping chips. CBS Standards and Practices allowed the contestant to keep the $30,000 won prior to the removal of the wires as well as the money won with the five chips after the mistake had been corrected. However, the segment that aired (when the show was broadcast on December 5, 2008) did not refer to the mistake or the amount of money won prior to the removal of the wires.[81]

text: 40th anniversary[edit]

text: The show aired a 40th Anniversary Special on September 4, 2012. The entire audience was made up of former contestants. Barker did not appear,[82] stating that he believed that he had been excluded for criticizing some of the prizes given away after Carey became host, such as a trip to the Calgary Stampede rodeo.[83] Although he did not appear in person, vintage clips of Barker hosting the show were shown during the episode. Barker appeared on the show twice afterwards, once in December 2013 during Pet Adoption Week, celebrating his 90th birthday, and again on April 1, 2015 as the guest host for the first pricing game, part of an April Fool's Day storyline involving Carey and Plinko being kidnapped to Let's Make a Deal.

text: Merchandise[edit]

text: The Price Is Right has expanded beyond television to home and casino-based games.

text: DVD release[edit]

text: A four-disc DVD box set, titled The Best of "The Price Is Right," was released on March 25, 2008.[84] The set features four episodes of the 1956–1965 Bill Cullen series, 17 episodes of the Barker 1972–1975 daytime series and the final five daytime episodes hosted by Barker. In accordance with Barker's animal-rights wishes, which remain in effect beyond his retirement, any episodes with fur coats as prizes cannot be aired or released into home media formats. This includes the first three daytime shows recorded in 1972, plus most of the 1970s syndicated run.

text: Board games[edit]

text: Seven board games have been produced. One of them was a variation of a card game, using prizes and price tags from the 1956 version.[85] The second was based more closely on the original version of the show.[86] Three games were produced during the 1970s by Milton Bradley, with Contestants' Row, some pricing games and, in the case of the third version, a spinner for the Big Wheel. In the first two versions, decks of cards had various grocery items, small prizes and larger prizes. The third version simply had cards for each game that included ten sets of "right" answers, all using the same price choices. The instruction book specified what color cards were necessary for each round. The 1986 version, again by Milton Bradley, was similar in scope to the earlier version, with new prizes and more games, but lacking the Big Wheel, similar to the Davidson version. The instruction book refers to Contestants' Row as the "Qualifying Round" and the pricing games as "Solo Games." The book also instructs players to use items priced under $100 as One Bids.[86] The 1998 version of the game, by Endless Games, was virtually identical to the 1986 release, with the same games, prizes and even the same prices. The only changes were that the number tiles were made of cardboard bits instead of plastic and the cars from the deck of prizes with four-digit prices were removed. The 2004 version, again by Endless Games, was a complete departure from previous home versions.[86] Instead of different prize cards and games, the game consisted of everything needed to play 45 games and enough materials to create all the games not technically included if the "host" wished to and knew their rules. The Big Wheel spinner was also restored, this time with the numbers in the correct order. Additionally, the prices, instead of being random numbers that could change each time the game was played, were actual prices taken from episodes of the TV show. To fit everything in the box, grocery items and prizes were listed in the instruction book and games were played on dry erase boards. A spinner determined the game to be played next, although its use was not necessarily required if the "host" wished to build his own game lineup.

text: Computer and electronic games[edit]

text: In 1990, GameTek created a Price Is Right computer game for the DOS and Commodore 64 platforms[87] and other systems to fit in their line of other game show games. A handheld Tiger game was made in 1998 with four pricing games. A DVD game with 12 pricing games, live casino show host Todd Newton and video of prizes taken directly from the show was produced by Endless Games in 2005.[88] A 2008 DVD edition, also from Endless Games, featured many changes based on season 36 and included seven new games: Half Off, More or Less, Swap Meet, Secret X, That's Too Much, Coming or Going and Hole in One. It also featured both host Drew Carey and announcer Rich Fields.[89] CBS.com featured an online Price Is Right-based game in the late-1990s, which was plugged in the closing credits of each episode. The game consisted of choosing which of the four bidders in Contestant's Row was closest to the price of a prize without going over. Additionally, Mobliss provides a suite of pricing games for cellular phones.[90]

text: On March 26, 2008, Ludia (in connection with Ubisoft) launched The Price Is Right video game for PC. A version for the Wii and Nintendo DS platforms was released in September 2008, while a version for the iOS was released in November 2008. The show's announcer, Fields, was the host of the computer version. The virtual set in the game resembles the set used in seasons 31 to 34. Ludia announced that all three platforms will receive a new version of the video game that was previewed at the Target Bullseye Lounge during the Electronic Entertainment Expo trade show on June 2–4, 2009. The Price Is Right 2010 Edition was released on September 22, 2009.[91] In the fall of 2010, Ludia developed a multi-player version for Facebook. A third Ludia adaptation, The Price Is Right Decades, featuring set designs, pricing games and prizes taken from the 1970s through 2000s; was initially released for the Wii in October 2011, with an Xbox 360 and iOS release following in November and December. The Price Is Right 2010 Edition and The Price Is Right Decades have also been released as downloads within the PlayStation Store for the PlayStation 3 in May 2010 and April 2012, respectively. Irwin Toys released an electronic tabletop version in 2008 featuring Contestant's Row, the Big Wheel, a physical Plinko board with chips, Showcases and seven pricing games. Jakks Pacific released a Plug It in and Play version of The Price Is Right in 2009,[92] featuring Carey and Fields.

text: Slot machines[edit]

text: A series of video slot machines were manufactured for North American casinos by International Game Technology. Although gameplay varies by machine, each feature themes and motifs found on the show, including the Showcase Showdown, with themes used following Carey's start as host.[93][94][95] Others feature pricing games as gameplay elements, including Plinko,[96] Cliff Hangers,[97] Punch a Bunch,[98] Dice Game,[99] and Money Game.[100]

text: Scratch-off tickets[edit]

text: A scratchcard version of the game is being offered by several U.S. and Canadian lotteries, featuring adaptations of Plinko, Cliff Hangers, the Showcase Showdown and the Showcase. The top prize varies with each version.[101]

text: Live casino game[edit]

text: After the 30th anniversary episode taped in Las Vegas in 2002, Harrah's and RTL Group began producing live licensed shows (dubbed The Price Is Right Live!) at their venues, with several performers, including Roger Lodge, Newton and Gray hosting, with West, Rosen and Dave Walls announcing.


document_title: Chief Justice of India

question_text: who appoints the chief justice of supreme court of india

root

text: Chief Justice of India

text: Appointment[edit]

text: Article 124 of the Constitution of India provides for the manner of appointing judges to the Supreme Court. Though no specific provision exists in the Constitution for appointing the Chief Justice, who, as a result, is appointed like the other judges[6] conventionally, the outgoing CJI recommends the name of the senior-most judge (i.e. by date of appointment to the Supreme Court) for appointment by the President of India, as his successor.[7][8]

tag: p

text: Once earlier, when prime minister Nehru wanted to see Justice M. C. Mahajan, next in line to become the CJI, superseded on Justice Patanjali Sastri's retirement, three judges of the supreme court, including Justice Mukherjea, who Nehru wanted as the next Chief Justice, offered to resign. He relented before the judges and the convention of seniority in appointment was left undisturbed. On the contrary, this convention has been breached on a few occasions during the tenure of prime minister Indira Gandhi. She got Justice A. N. Ray appointed as CJI, superseding three judges senior to him allegedly because he had favoured her government, and when Justice H. R. Khanna was overlooked for the post for upholding the constitution as superior to her government's acts and for curtailing her powers which she had arrogated to herself during the Emergency[9]

text: Removal[edit]

text: Article 124(4) of Constitution of India lays down the procedure for removal of a Judge of Supreme Court which is applicable to Chief Justice as well. Once appointed, the Chief Justice remains in s office until the age of 65 years. He can be removed only through a process of impeachment by Parliament as follows:

text: A Judge of the Supreme Court shall not be removed from his office except by an order of the President passed after an address by each House of Parliament supported by a majority of the total membership of that House and by a majority of not less than two-thirds of the members of that House present and voting has been presented to the President in the same session for such removal on the ground of proved misbehaviour or incapacity.

text: Acting President[edit]

text: The President (Discharge of Functions) Act, 1969 of India provides that the Chief Justice of India (CJI) shall act as the President of India in the event of the offices of both the President and the Vice President being vacant. When President Zakir Hussain died in office, the Vice President V. V. Giri, acted as the President. Later, Mr. Giri resigned as the Vice President. The CJI, Justice Mohammad Hidayatullah then became the acting President of India. The senior-most judge of the Supreme Court became the acting CJI. When the newly elected President took office a month later, Justice Hidayatullah reverted as the Chief Justice of India,

text: List of Chief Justices of India[edit]

text:
Number
Hon'ble Justice Mr.
Period of office
Length of term (days)
Bar
Appointed by the President of India

1
H. J. Kania
000000001950-01-26-000026 January 1950
000000001951-11-06-00006 November 1951‡‡
649
Bombay High Court
Rajendra Prasad

2
M. Patanjali Sastri
000000001951-11-07-00007 November 1951
000000001954-01-03-00003 January 1954
788
Madras High Court

3
Mehr Chand Mahajan
000000001954-01-04-00004 January 1954
000000001954-12-22-000022 December 1954
352
Punjab and Haryana High Court

4
Bijan Kumar Mukherjea
000000001954-12-23-000023 December 1954
000000001956-01-31-000031 January 1956‡
404
Calcutta High Court

5
Sudhi Ranjan Das
000000001956-02-01-00001 February 1956
000000001959-09-30-000030 September 1959
1337
Calcutta High Court

6
Bhuvaneshwar Prasad Sinha
000000001959-10-01-00001 October 1959
000000001964-01-31-000031 January 1964
1583
Patna High Court

7
P. B. Gajendragadkar
000000001964-02-01-00001 February 1964
000000001966-03-15-000015 March 1966
773
Bombay High Court
Sarvepalli Radhakrishnan

8
Amal Kumar Sarkar
000000001966-03-16-000016 March 1966
000000001966-06-29-000029 June 1966
105
Calcutta High Court

9
Koka Subba Rao
000000001966-06-30-000030 June 1966
000000001967-04-11-000011 April 1967‡
285
Madras High Court

10
Kailas Nath Wanchoo
000000001967-04-12-000012 April 1967
000000001968-02-24-000024 February 1968
318
Allahabad High Court

11
Mohammad Hidayatullah[10]
000000001968-02-25-000025 February 1968
000000001970-12-16-000016 December 1970
1025
Bombay High Court
Zakir Husain

12
Jayantilal Chhotalal Shah
000000001970-12-17-000017 December 1970
000000001971-01-21-000021 January 1971
35
Bombay High Court
Varahagiri Venkata Giri

13
Sarv Mittra Sikri
000000001971-01-22-000022 January 1971
000000001973-04-25-000025 April 1973
824
Lahore High Court

14
Ajit Nath Ray
000000001973-04-26-000026 April 1973
000000001977-01-27-000027 January 1977
1372
Calcutta High Court

15
Mirza Hameedullah Beg
000000001977-01-28-000028 January 1977
000000001978-02-21-000021 February 1978
389
Allahabad High Court
Fakhruddin Ali Ahmed

16
Yeshwant Vishnu Chandrachud
000000001978-02-22-000022 February 1978
000000001985-07-11-000011 July 1985
2696
Bombay High Court
Neelam Sanjiva Reddy

17
Prafullachandra Natwarlal Bhagwati
000000001985-07-12-000012 July 1985
000000001986-12-20-000020 December 1986
526
Gujarat High Court
Gyani Zail Singh

18
Raghunandan Swarup Pathak
000000001986-12-21-000021 December 1986
000000001989-06-18-000018 June 1989‡
940
Allahabad High Court

19
Engalaguppe Seetharamiah Venkataramiah
000000001989-06-19-000019 June 1989
000000001989-12-17-000017 December 1989
181
Karnataka High Court
Ramaswamy Venkataraman

20
Sabyasachi Mukharji
000000001989-12-18-000018 December 1989
000000001990-09-25-000025 September 1990‡‡
281
Calcutta High Court

21
Ranganath Misra
000000001990-09-26-000026 September 1990
000000001991-11-24-000024 November 1991
424
Odisha High Court

22
Kamal Narain Singh
000000001991-11-25-000025 November 1991
000000001991-12-12-000012 December 1991
17
Allahabad High Court

23
Madhukar Hiralal Kania
000000001991-12-13-000013 December 1991
000000001992-11-17-000017 November 1992
340
Bombay High Court

24
Lalit Mohan Sharma
000000001992-11-18-000018 November 1992
000000001993-02-11-000011 February 1993
85
Patna High Court
Shankar Dayal Sharma

25
Manepalli Narayana Rao Venkatachaliah
000000001993-02-12-000012 February 1993
000000001994-10-24-000024 October 1994
619
Karnataka High Court

26
Aziz Mushabber Ahmadi
000000001994-10-25-000025 October 1994
000000001997-03-24-000024 March 1997
881
Gujarat High Court

27
Jagdish Sharan Verma
000000001997-03-25-000025 March 1997
000000001998-01-17-000017 January 1998
298
Madhya Pradesh High Court

28
Madan Mohan Punchhi
000000001998-01-18-000018 January 1998
000000001998-10-09-00009 October 1998
264
Punjab and Haryana High Court
Kocheril Raman Narayanan

29
Adarsh Sein Anand
000000001998-10-10-000010 October 1998
000000002001-01-11-000011 January 2001
824
Jammu and Kashmir High Court

30
Sam Piroj Bharucha
000000002001-01-11-000011 January 2001
000000002002-05-06-00006 May 2002
480
Bombay High Court

31
Bhupinder Nath Kirpal
000000002002-05-06-00006 May 2002
000000002002-11-08-00008 November 2002
186
Delhi High Court

32
Gopal Ballav Pattanaik
000000002002-11-08-00008 November 2002
000000002002-12-19-000019 December 2002
41
Odisha High Court
A. P. J. Abdul Kalam

33
V. N. Khare
000000002002-12-19-000019 December 2002
000000002004-05-02-00002 May 2004
500
Allahabad High Court

34
S. Rajendra Babu
000000002004-05-02-00002 May 2004
000000002004-06-01-00001 June 2004
30
Karnataka High Court

35
Ramesh Chandra Lahoti
000000002004-06-01-00001 June 2004
000000002005-11-01-00001 November 2005
518
Madhya Pradesh High Court

36
Yogesh Kumar Sabharwal
000000002005-11-01-00001 November 2005
000000002007-01-13-000013 January 2007
438
Delhi High Court

37
K. G. Balakrishnan
000000002007-01-13-000013 January 2007
000000002010-05-11-000011 May 2010
1214
Kerala High Court

38
S. H. Kapadia
000000002010-05-12-000012 May 2010
000000002012-09-28-000028 September 2012
870
Bombay High Court
Pratibha Patil

39
Altamas Kabir
000000002012-09-29-000029 September 2012
000000002013-07-18-000018 July 2013
292
Calcutta High Court
Pranab Mukherjee

40
P. Sathasivam
000000002013-07-19-000019 July 2013
000000002014-04-26-000026 April 2014
281
Madras High Court

41
Rajendra Mal Lodha
000000002014-04-27-000027 April 2014
000000002014-09-27-000027 September 2014
153
Rajasthan High Court

42
H. L. Dattu
000000002014-09-28-000028 September 2014
000000002015-12-02-00002 December 2015
430
Karnataka High Court

43
T. S. Thakur
000000002015-12-03-00003 December 2015
000000002017-01-03-00003 January 2017
397
Jammu and Kashmir High Court

44
J. S. Khehar
000000002017-01-04-00004 January 2017
000000002017-08-27-000027 August 2017
235
Punjab and Haryana High Court

45
Dipak Misra
000000002017-08-28-000028 August 2017
2 October 2018
132
Odisha High Court
Ram Nath Kovind

tag: table

text:
‡ -Date of Resignation[11]
‡‡ - Date of Death

tag: ul

text: Remuneration[edit]

text: The Constitution of India gives the power of deciding remuneration as well as other conditions of service of the Chief Justice to the Parliament of India. Accordingly, such provisions have been laid down in The Supreme Court Judges (Salaries and Conditions of Service) Act, 1958.[12][13] This remuneration was revised in 2006-2008, after the sixth central pay commission's recommendation.[14]


document_title: Academy Award for Best Director

question_text: who won best director at the academy awards

text: Academy Award for Best Director

text: Winners and nominees[edit]

text: In the following table, the years are listed as per Academy convention, and generally correspond to the year of film release in Los Angeles County, California; the ceremonies are always held the following year.[9] For the first five ceremonies, the eligibility period spanned twelve months from August 1 to July 31.[10] For the 6th ceremony held in 1934, the eligibility period lasted from August 1, 1932, to December 31, 1933.[10] Since the 7th ceremony held in 1935, the period of eligibility became the full previous calendar year from January 1 to December 31.[10]

text:
Table key

Indicates the winner

text:
Year
Director(s)
Film
Ref.

1920s

1927/28
(1st)
Borzage !Frank Borzage (Dramatic)
7th Heaven
[11]

Brenon !Herbert Brenon (Dramatic)
Sorrell and Son

Vidor !King Vidor (Dramatic)
Crowd !The Crowd

Milestone !Lewis Milestone (Comedy)
Two Arabian Knights

Wilde !Ted Wilde (Comedy)
Speedy

1928/1929
(2nd)
[note 1]
Lloyd !Frank Lloyd
Divine !The Divine Lady
[12]

Barrymore !Lionel Barrymore
Madame X

Beaumont !Harry Beaumont
Broadway !The Broadway Melody

Cummings !Irving Cummings
In Old Arizona

Lloyd !Frank Lloyd
Drag

Weary River

Lubitsch !Ernst Lubitsch
Patriot !The Patriot

1930s

1929/1930
(3rd)
Milestone !Lewis Milestone
All Quiet on the Western Front
[13]

Brown !Clarence Brown
Anna Christie

Romance

Leonard !Robert Z. Leonard
Divorcee !The Divorcee

Lubitsch !Ernst Lubitsch
Love !The Love Parade

Vidor !King Vidor
Hallelujah!

1930/1931
(4th)
Taurog !Norman Taurog
Skippy
[14]

Brown !Clarence Brown
Free !A Free Soul

Milestone !Lewis Milestone
Front !The Front Page

Ruggles !Wesley Ruggles
Cimarron

Sternberg !Josef von Sternberg
Morocco

1931/1932
(5th)
Borzage !Frank Borzage
Bad Girl
[15]

Vidor !King Vidor
Champ !The Champ

Sternberg !Josef von Sternberg
Shanghai Express

1932/1933
(6th)
Lloyd !Frank Lloyd
Cavalcade
[16]

Capra !Frank Capra
Lady for a Day

Cukor !George Cukor
Little Women

1934
(7th)
Capra !Frank Capra
It Happened One Night
[17]

Schertzinger !Victor Schertzinger
One Night of Love

Van Dyke !W. S. Van Dyke
Thin !The Thin Man

1935
(8th)
Ford !John Ford
Informer !The Informer
[18]

Hathaway !Henry Hathaway
Lives !The Lives of a Bengal Lancer

Lloyd !Frank Lloyd
Mutiny on the Bounty

1936
(9th)
Capra !Frank Capra
Mr. Deeds Goes to Town
[19]

La Cava !Gregory La Cava
My Man Godfrey

Leonard !Robert Z. Leonard
Great !The Great Ziegfeld

Van Dyke !W. S. Van Dyke
San Francisco

Wyler !William Wyler
Dodsworth

1937
(10th)
McCarey !Leo McCarey
Awful !The Awful Truth
[20]

Dieterle !William Dieterle
Life !The Life of Emile Zola

Franklin !Sidney Franklin
Good !The Good Earth

La Cava !Gregory La Cava
Stage Door

Wellman !William A. Wellman
Star !A Star Is Born

1938
(11th)
Capra !Frank Capra
You Can't Take It with You
[21]

Curtiz !Michael Curtiz
Angels with Dirty Faces

Four Daughters

Taurog !Norman Taurog
Boys Town

Vidor !King Vidor
Citadel !The Citadel

1939
(12th)
Fleming !Victor Fleming
Gone with the Wind
[22]

Capra !Frank Capra
Mr. Smith Goes to Washington

Ford !John Ford
Stagecoach

Wood !Sam Wood
Goodbye, Mr. Chips

Wyler !William Wyler
Wuthering Heights

1940s

1940
(13th)
Ford !John Ford
Grapes !The Grapes of Wrath
[23]

Cukor !George Cukor
Philadelphia !The Philadelphia Story

Hitchcock !Alfred Hitchcock
Rebecca

Wood !Sam Wood
Kitty Foyle

Wyler !William Wyler
Letter !The Letter

1941
(14th)
Ford !John Ford
How Green Was My Valley
[24]

Hall !Alexander Hall
Here Comes Mr. Jordan

Hawks !Howard Hawks
Sergeant York

Welles !Orson Welles
Citizen Kane

Wyler !William Wyler
Little !The Little Foxes

1942
(15th)
Wyler !William Wyler
Mrs. Miniver
[25]

Curtiz !Michael Curtiz
Yankee Doodle Dandy

Farrow !John Farrow
Wake Island

LeRoy !Mervyn LeRoy
Random Harvest

Wood !Sam Wood
Kings Row

1943
(16th)
Curtiz !Michael Curtiz
Casablanca
[26]

Brown !Clarence Brown
Human !The Human Comedy

King !Henry King
Song !The Song of Bernadette

Lubitsch !Ernst Lubitsch
Heaven Can Wait

Stevens !George Stevens
More !The More the Merrier

1944
(17th)
McCarey !Leo McCarey
Going My Way
[27]

Hitchcock !Alfred Hitchcock
Lifeboat

King !Henry King
Wilson

Preminger !Otto Preminger
Laura

Wilder !Billy Wilder
Double Indemnity

1945
(18th)
Wilder !Billy Wilder
Lost !The Lost Weekend
[28]

Brown !Clarence Brown
National Velvet

Hitchcock !Alfred Hitchcock
Spellbound

McCarey !Leo McCarey
Bells !The Bells of St. Mary's

Renoir !Jean Renoir
Southerner !The Southerner

1946
(19th)
Wyler !William Wyler
Best !The Best Years of Our Lives
[29]

Brown !Clarence Brown
Yearling !The Yearling

Capra !Frank Capra
It's a Wonderful Life

Lean !David Lean
Brief Encounter

Siodmak !Robert Siodmak
Killers !The Killers

1947
(20th)
Kazan !Elia Kazan
Gentleman's Agreement
[30]

Cukor !George Cukor
Double !A Double Life

Dmytryk !Edward Dmytryk
Crossfire

Koster !Henry Koster
Bishop !The Bishop's Wife

Lean !David Lean
Great Expectations

1948
(21st)
Huston !John Huston
Treasure !The Treasure of the Sierra Madre
[31]

Litvak !Anatole Litvak
Snake !The Snake Pit

Negulesco !Jean Negulesco
Johnny Belinda

Olivier !Laurence Olivier
Hamlet

Zinnemann !Fred Zinnemann
Search !The Search

1949
(22nd)
Mankiewicz !Joseph L. Mankiewicz
Letter !A Letter to Three Wives
[32]

Reed !Carol Reed
Fallen !The Fallen Idol

Rossen !Robert Rossen
All the King's Men

Wellman !William A. Wellman
Battleground

Wyler !William Wyler
Heiress !The Heiress

1950s

1950
(23rd)
Mankiewicz !Joseph L. Mankiewicz
All About Eve
[33]

Cukor !George Cukor
Born Yesterday

Huston !John Huston
Asphalt !The Asphalt Jungle

Reed !Carol Reed
Man !The Third Man

Wilder !Billy Wilder
Sunset Boulevard

1951
(24th)
Stevens !George Stevens
Place !A Place in the Sun
[34]

Huston !John Huston
African !The African Queen

Kazan !Elia Kazan
Streetcar !A Streetcar Named Desire

Minnelli !Vincente Minnelli
American !An American in Paris

Wyler !William Wyler
Detective Story

1952
(25th)
Ford !John Ford
Quiet !The Quiet Man
[35]

DeMille !Cecil B. DeMille
Greatest !The Greatest Show on Earth

Huston !John Huston
Moulin Rouge

Mankiewicz !Joseph L. Mankiewicz
5 Fingers

Zinnemann !Fred Zinnemann
High Noon

1953
(26th)
Zinnemann !Fred Zinnemann
From Here to Eternity
[36]

Stevens !George Stevens
Shane

Walters !Charles Walters
Lili

Wilder !Billy Wilder
Stalag 17

Wyler !William Wyler
Roman Holiday

1954
(27th)
Kazan !Elia Kazan
On the Waterfront
[37]

Hitchcock !Alfred Hitchcock
Rear Window

Seaton !George Seaton
Country !The Country Girl

Wellman !William A. Wellman
High !The High and the Mighty

Wilder !Billy Wilder
Sabrina

1955
(28th)
Mann !Delbert Mann
Marty
[38]

Kazan !Elia Kazan
East of Eden

Lean !David Lean
Summertime

Logan !Joshua Logan
Picnic

Sturges !John Sturges
Bad Day at Black Rock

1956
(29th)
Stevens !George Stevens
Giant
[39]

Anderson !Michael Anderson
Around the World in 80 Days

Lang !Walter Lang
King !The King and I

Vidor !King Vidor
War and Peace

Wyler !William Wyler
Friendly Persuasion

1957
(30th)
Lean !David Lean
Bridge !The Bridge on the River Kwai
[40]

Logan !Joshua Logan
Sayonara

Lumet !Sidney Lumet
12 Angry Men

Robson !Mark Robson
Peyton Place

Wilder !Billy Wilder
Witness for the Prosecution

1958
(31st)
Minnelli !Vincente Minnelli
Gigi
[41]

Brooks !Richard Brooks
Cat on a Hot Tin Roof

Kramer !Stanley Kramer
Defiant !The Defiant Ones

Robson !Mark Robson
Inn !The Inn of the Sixth Happiness

Wise !Robert Wise
I Want to Live!

1959
(32nd)
Wyler !William Wyler
Ben-Hur
[42]

Clayton !Jack Clayton
Room at the Top

Stevens !George Stevens
Diary !The Diary of Anne Frank

Wilder !Billy Wilder
Some Like It Hot

Zinnemann !Fred Zinnemann
Nun's !The Nun's Story

1960s

1960
(33rd)
Wilder !Billy Wilder
Apartment !The Apartment
[43]

Cardiff !Jack Cardiff
Sons and Lovers

Dassin !Jules Dassin
Never on Sunday

Hitchcock !Alfred Hitchcock
Psycho

Zinnemann !Fred Zinnemann
Sundowners !The Sundowners

1961
(34th)
Wise !Robert Wise
Robbins !Jerome Robbins
West Side Story
[44]

Fellini !Federico Fellini
La Dolce Vita

Kramer !Stanley Kramer
Judgment at Nuremberg

Rossen !Robert Rossen
Hustler !The Hustler

Thompson !J. Lee Thompson
Guns !The Guns of Navarone

1962
(35th)
Lean !David Lean
Lawrence of Arabia
[45]

Germi !Pietro Germi
Divorce Italian Style

Mulligan !Robert Mulligan
To Kill a Mockingbird

Penn !Arthur Penn
Miracle !The Miracle Worker

Perry !Frank Perry
David and Lisa

1963
(36th)
Richardson !Tony Richardson
Tom Jones
[46]

Fellini !Federico Fellini
8½

Kazan !Elia Kazan
America America

Preminger !Otto Preminger
Cardinal !The Cardinal

Ritt !Martin Ritt
Hud

1964
(37th)
Cukor !George Cukor
My Fair Lady
[47]

Cacoyannis !Michael Cacoyannis
Zorba the Greek

Glenville !Peter Glenville
Becket

Kubrick !Stanley Kubrick
Dr. Strangelove or: How I Learned to Stop Worrying and Love the Bomb

Stevenson !Robert Stevenson
Mary Poppins

1965
(38th)
Wise !Robert Wise
Sound !The Sound of Music
[48]

Lean !David Lean
Doctor Zhivago

Schlesinger !John Schlesinger
Darling

Teshigahara !Hiroshi Teshigahara
Woman !Woman in the Dunes

Wyler !William Wyler
Collector !The Collector

1966
(39th)
Zinnemann !Fred Zinnemann
Man !A Man for All Seasons
[49]

Antonioni !Michelangelo Antonioni
Blowup

Brooks !Richard Brooks
Professionals !The Professionals

Lelouch !Claude Lelouch
Man !A Man and a Woman

Nichols !Mike Nichols
Who's Afraid of Virginia Woolf?

1967
(40th)
Nichols !Mike Nichols
Graduate !The Graduate
[50]

Brooks !Richard Brooks
In Cold Blood

Jewison !Norman Jewison
In the Heat of the Night

Kramer !Stanley Kramer
Guess Who's Coming to Dinner

Penn !Arthur Penn
Bonnie and Clyde

1968
(41st)
Reed !Carol Reed
Oliver!
[51]

Harvey !Anthony Harvey
Lion !The Lion in Winter

Kubrick !Stanley Kubrick
2001: A Space Odyssey

Pontecorvo !Gillo Pontecorvo
Battle !The Battle of Algiers

Zeffirelli !Franco Zeffirelli
Romeo and Juliet

1969
(42nd)
Schlesinger !John Schlesinger
Midnight Cowboy
[52]

Gavras !Costa-Gavras
Z

Hill !George Roy Hill
Butch Cassidy and the Sundance Kid

Penn !Arthur Penn
Alice's Restaurant

Pollack !Sydney Pollack
They Shoot Horses, Don't They?

1970s

1970
(43rd)
Schaffner !Franklin J. Schaffner
Patton
[53]

Altman !Robert Altman
M*A*S*H

Fellini !Federico Fellini
Fellini Satyricon

Hiller !Arthur Hiller
Love Story

Russell !Ken Russell
Women in Love

1971
(44th)
Friedkin !William Friedkin
French !The French Connection
[54]

Bogdanovich !Peter Bogdanovich
Last !The Last Picture Show

Jewison !Norman Jewison
Fiddler on the Roof

Kubrick !Stanley Kubrick
Clockwork !A Clockwork Orange

Schlesinger !John Schlesinger
Sunday Bloody Sunday

1972
(45th)
Fosse !Bob Fosse
Cabaret
[55]

Boorman !John Boorman
Deliverance

Coppola !Francis Ford Coppola
Godfather !The Godfather

Mankiewicz !Joseph L. Mankiewicz
Sleuth

Troell !Jan Troell
Emigrants !The Emigrants

1973
(46th)
Hill !George Roy Hill
Sting !The Sting
[56]

Bergman !Ingmar Bergman
Cries and Whispers

Bertolucci !Bernardo Bertolucci
Last Tango in Paris

Friedkin !William Friedkin
Exorcist !The Exorcist

Lucas !George Lucas
American Graffiti

1974
(47th)
Coppola !Francis Ford Coppola
Godfather !The Godfather Part II
[57]

Cassavetes !John Cassavetes
Woman !A Woman Under the Influence

Fosse !Bob Fosse
Lenny

Polanski !Roman Polanski
Chinatown

Truffaut !François Truffaut
Day for Night

1975
(48th)
Forman !Miloš Forman
One Flew Over the Cuckoo's Nest
[58]

Altman !Robert Altman
Nashville

Fellini !Federico Fellini
Amarcord

Kubrick !Stanley Kubrick
Barry Lyndon

Lumet !Sidney Lumet
Dog Day Afternoon

1976
(49th)
Avildsen !John G. Avildsen
Rocky
[59]

Bergman !Ingmar Bergman
Face to Face

Lumet !Sidney Lumet
Network

Pakula !Alan J. Pakula
All the President's Men

Wertmüller !Lina Wertmüller
Seven Beauties

1977
(50th)
Allen !Woody Allen
Annie Hall
[60]

Lucas !George Lucas
Star Wars

Ross !Herbert Ross
Turning !The Turning Point

Spielberg !Steven Spielberg
Close Encounters of the Third Kind

Zinnemann !Fred Zinnemann
Julia

1978
(51st)
Cimino !Michael Cimino
Deer !The Deer Hunter
[61]

Allen !Woody Allen
Interiors

Ashby !Hal Ashby
Coming Home

Beatty !Warren Beatty
Henry !Buck Henry
Heaven Can Wait

Parker !Alan Parker
Midnight Express

1979
(52nd)
Benton !Robert Benton
Kramer vs. Kramer
[62]

Coppola !Francis Ford Coppola
Apocalypse Now

Fosse !Bob Fosse
All That Jazz

Molinaro !Édouard Molinaro
La Cage aux Folles

Yates !Peter Yates
Breaking Away

1980s

1980
(53rd)
Redford !Robert Redford
Ordinary People
[63]

Lynch !David Lynch
Elephant !The Elephant Man

Polanski !Roman Polanski
Tess

Rush !Richard Rush
Stunt !The Stunt Man

Scorsese !Martin Scorsese
Raging Bull

1981
(54th)
Beatty !Warren Beatty
Reds
[64]

Hudson !Hugh Hudson
Chariots of Fire

Malle !Louis Malle
Atlantic City

Rydell !Mark Rydell
On Golden Pond

Spielberg !Steven Spielberg
Raiders of the Lost Ark

1982
(55th)
Attenborough !Richard Attenborough
Gandhi
[65]

Lumet !Sidney Lumet
Verdict !The Verdict

Petersen !Wolfgang Petersen
Das Boot

Pollack !Sydney Pollack
Tootsie

Spielberg !Steven Spielberg
E.T. the Extra-Terrestrial

1983
(56th)
Brooks !James L. Brooks
Terms of Endearment
[66]

Beresford !Bruce Beresford
Tender Mercies

Bergman !Ingmar Bergman
Fanny and Alexander

Nichols !Mike Nichols
Silkwood

Yates !Peter Yates
Dresser !The Dresser

1984
(57th)
Forman !Miloš Forman
Amadeus
[67]

Allen !Woody Allen
Broadway Danny Rose

Benton !Robert Benton
Places in the Heart

Joffé !Roland Joffé
Killing !The Killing Fields

Lean !David Lean
Passage !A Passage to India

1985
(58th)
Pollack !Sydney Pollack
Out of Africa
[68]

Babenco !Héctor Babenco
Kiss of the Spider Woman

Huston !John Huston
Prizzi's Honor

Kurosawa !Akira Kurosawa
Ran

Weir !Peter Weir
Witness

1986
(59th)
Stone !Oliver Stone
Platoon
[69]

Allen !Woody Allen
Hannah and Her Sisters

Ivory !James Ivory
Room !A Room with a View

Joffé !Roland Joffé
Mission !The Mission

Lynch !David Lynch
Blue Velvet

1987
(60th)
Bertolucci !Bernardo Bertolucci
Emperor !The Last Emperor
[70]

Boorman !John Boorman
Hope and Glory

Hallström !Lasse Hallström
My Life as a Dog

Jewison !Norman Jewison
Moonstruck

Lyne !Adrian Lyne
Fatal Attraction

1988
(61st)
Levinson !Barry Levinson
Rain Man
[71]

Crichton !Charles Crichton
Fish !A Fish Called Wanda

Nichols !Mike Nichols
Working Girl

Parker !Alan Parker
Mississippi Burning

Scorsese !Martin Scorsese
Last !The Last Temptation of Christ

1989
(62nd)
Stone !Oliver Stone
Born on the Fourth of July
[72]

Allen !Woody Allen
Crimes and Misdemeanors

Branagh !Kenneth Branagh
Henry V

Sheridan !Jim Sheridan
My Left Foot

Weir !Peter Weir
Dead Poets Society

1990s

1990
(63rd)
Costner !Kevin Costner
Dances with Wolves
[73]

Coppola !Francis Ford Coppola
Godfather !The Godfather Part III

Frears !Stephen Frears
Grifters !The Grifters

Schroeder !Barbet Schroeder
Reversal of Fortune

Scorsese !Martin Scorsese
Goodfellas

1991
(64th)
Demme !Jonathan Demme
Silence !The Silence of the Lambs
[74]

Levinson !Barry Levinson
Bugsy

Scott !Ridley Scott
Thelma & Louise

Singleton !John Singleton
Boyz n the Hood

Stone !Oliver Stone
JFK

1992
(65th)
Eastwood !Clint Eastwood
Unforgiven
[75]

Altman !Robert Altman
Player !The Player

Brest !Martin Brest
Scent of a Woman

Ivory !James Ivory
Howards End

Jordan !Neil Jordan
Crying !The Crying Game

1993
(66th)
Spielberg !Steven Spielberg
Schindler's List
[76]

Altman !Robert Altman
Short Cuts

Campion !Jane Campion
Piano !The Piano

Ivory !James Ivory
Remains !The Remains of the Day

Sheridan !Jim Sheridan
In the Name of the Father

1994
(67th)
Zemeckis !Robert Zemeckis
Forrest Gump
[77]

Allen !Woody Allen
Bullets over Broadway

Kieślowski !Krzysztof Kieślowski
Three Colors: Red

Redford !Robert Redford
Quiz Show

Tarantino !Quentin Tarantino
Pulp Fiction

1995
(68th)
Gibson !Mel Gibson
Braveheart
[78]

Figgis !Mike Figgis
Leaving Las Vegas

Noonan !Chris Noonan
Babe

Radford !Michael Radford
Il Postino: The Postman

Robbins !Tim Robbins
Dead Man Walking

1996
(69th)
Minghella !Anthony Minghella
English !The English Patient
[79]

Coen !Joel Coen
Fargo

Forman !Miloš Forman
People !The People vs. Larry Flynt

Hicks !Scott Hicks
Shine

Leigh !Mike Leigh
Secrets & Lies

1997
(70th)
Cameron !James Cameron
Titanic
[80]

Cattaneo !Peter Cattaneo
Monty !The Full Monty

Egoyan !Atom Egoyan
Sweet !The Sweet Hereafter

Hanson !Curtis Hanson
L.A. Confidential

Van Sant !Gus Van Sant
Good Will Hunting

1998
(71st)
Spielberg !Steven Spielberg
Saving Private Ryan
[81]

Benigni !Roberto Benigni
Life Is Beautiful

Madden !John Madden
Shakespeare in Love

Malick !Terrence Malick
Thin !The Thin Red Line

Weir !Peter Weir
Truman !The Truman Show

1999
(72nd)
Mendes !Sam Mendes
American Beauty
[82]

Hallström !Lasse Hallström
Cider !The Cider House Rules

Jonze !Spike Jonze
Being John Malkovich

Mann !Michael Mann
Insider !The Insider

Shyamalan !M. Night Shyamalan
Sixth !The Sixth Sense

2000s

2000
(73rd)
Soderbergh !Steven Soderbergh
Traffic
[83]

Daldry !Stephen Daldry
Billy Elliot

Lee !Ang Lee
Crouching Tiger, Hidden Dragon

Scott !Ridley Scott
Gladiator

Soderbergh !Steven Soderbergh
Erin Brockovich

2001
(74th)
Howard !Ron Howard
Beautiful !A Beautiful Mind
[84]

Altman !Robert Altman
Gosford Park

Jackson !Peter Jackson
Lord !The Lord of the Rings: The Fellowship of the Ring

Lynch !David Lynch
Mulholland Drive

Scott !Ridley Scott
Black Hawk Down

2002
(75th)
Polanski !Roman Polanski
Pianist !The Pianist
[85]

Almodóvar !Pedro Almodóvar
Talk to Her

Daldry !Stephen Daldry
Hours !The Hours

Marshall !Rob Marshall
Chicago

Scorsese !Martin Scorsese
Gangs of New York

2003
(76th)
Jackson !Peter Jackson
Lord !The Lord of the Rings: The Return of the King
[86]

Coppola !Sofia Coppola
Lost in Translation

Eastwood !Clint Eastwood
Mystic River

Meirelles !Fernando Meirelles
City of God

Weir !Peter Weir
Master and Commander: The Far Side of the World

2004
(77th)
Eastwood !Clint Eastwood
Million Dollar Baby
[87]

Hackford !Taylor Hackford
Ray

Leigh !Mike Leigh
Vera Drake

Payne !Alexander Payne
Sideways

Scorsese !Martin Scorsese
Aviator !The Aviator

2005
(78th)
Lee !Ang Lee
Brokeback Mountain
[88]

Clooney !George Clooney
Good Night, and Good Luck

Haggis !Paul Haggis
Crash

Miller !Bennett Miller
Capote

Spielberg !Steven Spielberg
Munich

2006
(79th)
Scorsese !Martin Scorsese
Departed !The Departed
[89]

Eastwood !Clint Eastwood
Letters from Iwo Jima

Frears !Stephen Frears
Queen !The Queen

Greengrass !Paul Greengrass
United 93

Iñárritu !Alejandro González Iñárritu
Babel

2007
(80th)
Coen !Joel Coen
Coen !Ethan Coen
No Country for Old Men
[90]

Anderson !Paul Thomas Anderson
There Will Be Blood

Gilroy !Tony Gilroy
Michael Clayton

Reitman !Jason Reitman
Juno

Schnabel !Julian Schnabel
Diving !The Diving Bell and the Butterfly

2008
(81st)
Boyle !Danny Boyle
Slumdog Millionaire
[91]

Daldry !Stephen Daldry
Reader !The Reader

Fincher !David Fincher
Curious !The Curious Case of Benjamin Button

Howard !Ron Howard
Frost/Nixon

Van Sant !Gus Van Sant
Milk

2009
(82nd)
Bigelow !Kathryn Bigelow
Hurt !The Hurt Locker
[92]

Cameron !James Cameron
Avatar

Daniels !Lee Daniels
Precious: Based on the Novel 'Push' by Sapphire

Reitman !Jason Reitman
Up in the Air

Tarantino !Quentin Tarantino
Inglourious Basterds

2010s

2010
(83rd)
Hooper !Tom Hooper
King's !The King's Speech
[93]

Aronofsky !Darren Aronofsky
Black Swan

Coen !Joel Coen
Coen !Ethan Coen
True Grit

Fincher !David Fincher
Social !The Social Network

Russell !David O. Russell
Fighter !The Fighter

2011
(84th)
Hazanavicius !Michel Hazanavicius
Artist !The Artist
[94]

Allen !Woody Allen
Midnight in Paris

Malick !Terrence Malick
Tree !The Tree of Life

Payne !Alexander Payne
Descendants !The Descendants

Scorsese !Martin Scorsese
Hugo

2012
(85th)
Lee !Ang Lee
Life of Pi
[95]

Haneke !Michael Haneke
Amour

Russell !David O. Russell
Silver Linings Playbook

Spielberg !Steven Spielberg
Lincoln

Zeitlin !Benh Zeitlin
Beasts of the Southern Wild

2013
(86th)
Cuarón !Alfonso Cuarón
Gravity
[96]

McQueen !Steve McQueen
12 Years a Slave

Payne !Alexander Payne
Nebraska

Russell !David O. Russell
American Hustle

Scorsese !Martin Scorsese
Wolf !The Wolf of Wall Street

2014
(87th)
Iñárritu !Alejandro G. Iñárritu
Birdman or (The Unexpected Virtue of Ignorance)
[97]

Anderson !Wes Anderson
Grand !The Grand Budapest Hotel

Linklater !Richard Linklater
Boyhood

Miller !Bennett Miller
Foxcatcher

Tyldum !Morten Tyldum
Imitation !The Imitation Game

2015
(88th)
Iñárritu !Alejandro G. Iñárritu
The Revenant
[98]

Abrahamson !Lenny Abrahamson
Room

McCarthy !Tom McCarthy
Spotlight

McKay !Adam McKay
Big !The Big Short

Miller !George Miller
Mad Max: Fury Road

2016
(89th)
Chazelle !Damien Chazelle
La La Land
[99]

Gibson !Mel Gibson
Hacksaw Ridge

Jenkins !Barry Jenkins
Moonlight

Lonergan !Kenneth Lonergan
Manchester by the Sea

Villeneuve !Denis Villeneuve
Arrival

2017
(90th)
del Toro !Guillermo del Toro
The Shape of Water
[100]

Anderson !Paul Thomas Anderson
Phantom Thread

Gerwig !Greta Gerwig
Lady Bird

Nolan !Christopher Nolan
Dunkirk

Peele !Jordan Peele
Get Out

text: Multiple wins and nominations[edit]

text:
The following individuals have won multiple Best Director awards:

Wins
Director

4

John Ford

3
Frank Capra

William Wyler

2
Frank Borzage

Clint Eastwood

Miloš Forman

Alejandro G. Iñárritu

Elia Kazan

David Lean

Ang Lee

Frank Lloyd

Joseph L. Mankiewicz

Leo McCarey

Lewis Milestone

Steven Spielberg

George Stevens

Oliver Stone

Billy Wilder

Robert Wise

Fred Zinnemann

John Ford has the most Best Director wins with four, winning in 1935, 1940, 1941, and 1952.

William Wyler has the most nominations with twelve, winning in 1942, 1946, and 1959.

Clarence Brown was nominated six times between 1929 and 1946, but never won the award — the most nominations without a success.

The following directors have received four or more Best Director nominations (* indicates no wins):

Nominations
Director

12
William Wyler

8
Martin Scorsese

Billy Wilder

7
Woody Allen

David Lean

Steven Spielberg

Fred Zinnemann

6
Clarence Brown*

Frank Capra

5
Robert Altman*

George Cukor

Michael Curtiz

John Ford

Alfred Hitchcock*

John Huston

Elia Kazan

Frank Lloyd

George Stevens

King Vidor*

4
Francis Ford Coppola

Clint Eastwood

Federico Fellini*

Stanley Kubrick*

Sidney Lumet*

Joseph L. Mankiewicz

Mike Nichols

Peter Weir*

text: Age superlatives[edit]

text:
Record
Director
Film
Age (in years)
Ref.

Oldest winner
Clint Eastwood
Million Dollar Baby
74
[101]

Oldest nominee
John Huston
Prizzi's Honor
79
[101]

Youngest winner
Damien Chazelle
La La Land
32
[101]

Youngest nominee
John Singleton
Boyz n the Hood
24
[101]

text: Diversity of nominees/winners[edit]

text: Asian nominees/winners[edit]

text: As of the 90th Academy Awards, four Asian directors have been nominated a total of six times in this category, and one director has won the award twice.

text:
1965 – Hiroshi Teshigahara for Woman in the Dunes
1985 – Akira Kurosawa for Ran
1999 – M. Night Shyamalan for The Sixth Sense
2000 – Ang Lee for Crouching Tiger, Hidden Dragon
2005 – Lee !Ang Lee for Brokeback !Brokeback Mountain
2012 – Lee !Ang Lee for Life !Life of Pi

text: Black nominees/winners[edit]

text: As of the 90th Academy Awards, five black directors have been nominated in this category one time each, and none have won the award.[102]

text:
1991 – John Singleton for Boyz n the Hood
2009 – Lee Daniels for Precious
2013 – Steve McQueen for 12 Years a Slave
2016 – Barry Jenkins for Moonlight
2017 – Jordan Peele for Get Out

text: Female nominees/winners[edit]

text: As of the 90th Academy Awards, five female directors have been nominated in this category one time each, and one has won the award.[103]

text:
1976 – Wertmüller !Lina Wertmüller for Seven Beauties
1993 – Campion !Jane Campion for Piano !The Piano
2003 – Coppola !Sofia Coppola for Lost in Translation
2009 – Bigelow !Kathryn Bigelow for Hurt !The Hurt Locker
2017 – Greta Gerwig for Lady Bird

text: Hispanic/Latino nominees/winners[edit]

text: As of the 90th Academy Awards, six Hispanic/Latino directors have been nominated a total of eight times in this category with four wins among them.

text:
1985 – Héctor Babenco for Kiss of the Spider Woman
2002 – Pedro Almodóvar for Talk to Her
2003 – Fernando Meirelles for City of God
2006 – Alejandro González Iñárritu for Babel
2013 – Cuarón !Alfonso Cuarón for Gravity !Gravity
2014 – Iñárritu !Alejandro González Iñárritu for Birdman !Birdman
2015 – Iñárritu !Alejandro González Iñárritu for Revenant !The Revenant
2017 – Guillermo del Toro for The Shape of Water

text: Notes[edit]

text: Jump up ^ The 2nd Academy Awards is unique in being the only occasion where there were no official nominees. Subsequent research by AMPAS has resulted in a list of unofficial or de facto nominees, based on records of which films were evaluated by the judges.

tag: ol


document_title: Kuils River

question_text: how far is kuils river from cape town

question_tokens: how far is kuils river from cape town

text: Kuils River

text:
Kuilsrivier

Dutch Reformed Church, Kuilsrivier

Country
South Africa

Province
Western Cape

Municipality
City of Cape Town

Area[1]

 • Total
39.86 km2 (15.39 sq mi)

Population (2011)[1]

 • Total
46,686

 • Density
1,200/km2 (3,000/sq mi)

Racial makeup (2011)[1]

 • Black African
11.4%

 • Coloured
53.1%

 • Indian/Asian
0.9%

 • White
32.6%

 • Other
1.9%

First languages (2011)[1]

 • Afrikaans
60.2%

 • English
33.2%

 • Xhosa
3.2%

 • Other
3.4%

Postal code (street)
7580

PO box
7579

text: Kuils River (Afrikaans: Kuilsrivier) is a town in the Western Cape province,25 km east of Cape Town.

text: Originally named De Boss, Kuils River was a post of the Dutch East India Company. It developed into a village during the 18th century and attained municipal status in 1950. The town takes its name from the nearby river, in which there are many pools, or kuile.[2]

text: Kuils River is a level two administrative region, and is close to Cape Town's wine routes.[3] It is located near the intersection of the M12 and the R102.[4]

text: Kuils River is home to the Alta du Toit School for mentally handicapped children.[5] and is the birthplace of Herman Charles Bosman (3 February 1905); journalist, poet and author. He is regarded as one of South Africa's greatest writers (in English).[6]

text: Coat of arms[edit]

text: Kuils River was a municipality from 1950 to 1996. The town council assumed a coat of arms, designed by Ivan Mitford-Barberton, in 1955 and registered it with the Cape Provincial Administration in January 1956.[7]

text: The shield was divided into three horizontal sections: (1) a running buck on a silver background, (2) a golden yoke on a red background, and (3) four silver and blue stripes with wavy edges. The crest was a bull's head, and the motto Via trita via tuta.