document_title: Santa Clarita Diet

question_text: who plays abby hammond in santa clarita diet

text: Santa Clarita Diet

text: Plot[edit]

text: Joel and Sheila Hammond are everyday suburban real estate agents in Santa Clarita, California.[8] The couple face a series of obstacles when Sheila has a physical transformation into a zombie and starts craving human flesh. With Joel and the family trying to help Sheila through the trying time, they have to deal with neighbors, cultural norms and getting to the bottom of a potentially mythological mystery.[9]

text: Cast[edit]

text: Main[edit]

text:
Drew Barrymore as Sheila Hammond, Joel's wife and Abby's mother
Timothy Olyphant as Joel Hammond, Sheila's husband and Abby's father
Liv Hewson as Abby Hammond, Sheila and Joel's daughter
Skyler Gisondo as Eric Bemis, the Hammonds' neighbor, Lisa's son and Dan's stepson

tag: ul

text: Recurring[edit]

text:
Ricardo Chavira as Dan Palmer (season 1), a sheriff's deputy, Eric's stepfather and the Hammonds' neighbor. Dan is killed by Joel with a shovel and later eaten by Sheila.
Mary Elizabeth Ellis as Lisa Palmer, Dan's wife and Eric's mother
Andy Richter as Carl Coby, the Hammonds' boss
Richard T. Jones as Rick, a Santa Monica police officer, the Hammond's neighbor, and Joel's friend
Joy Osmanski as Alondra, Rick's wife
Kaylee Bryant as Sarah, a classmate of Abby and Eric
Nathan Fillion as Gary West, a realtor and the Hammonds' co-worker. He is the first person Sheila kills for food. His severed head still survives and is stored in the Hammonds' basement and later storage unit.
Natalie Morales as Anne Garcia, a sheriff's deputy, Dan's partner, and very religious. She becomes romantically involved with Lisa after Dan goes missing.
Thomas Lennon as Principal Andrei Novak, Abby's school principal
Ramona Young as Ramona, a wise Rite-Aid employee. She also turns out to be a zombie.
Grace Zabriskie as Mrs. Bakavic (season 1), Novak's Serbian grandmother
DeObia Oparei as Loki Hayes (season 1), a convicted felon. He turns into a zombie when Sheila is unsuccessful in killing him.
Portia de Rossi as Dr. Cora Wolf (season 1), a scientist focused on the undead
Zachary Knighton as Paul (season 2), Marsha's husband and a descendant of the Knights of Serbia, who has been tasked with ending the zombie outbreak[10]
Jaee Young Han as Marsha (season 2), Paul's wife who's helping him with the mission to end the zombie outbreak
Matt Shively as Christian (season 2), a student at Abby and Eric's school who is also Chris and Christa's son

text: Guest[edit]

text:
Patton Oswalt as Dr. Hasmedi, a virologist
Ryan Hansen as Bob Jonas, Lisa Palmer's lover
Derek Waters as Anton, a conspiracy theorist
Ravi Patel as Ryan, a convention goer
Jonathan Slavin as Ron, an asylum inmate
Joel McHale as Chris, a realtor who is married to Christa[10]
Maggie Lawson as Christa, a realtor who is married to Chris[10]
Gerald McRaney as Ed Thune, a retired army colonel[10]
Leo Howard as Sven, a student who asked Abby out in Season 2 after the tray incident, hurting Eric's soul

text: Episodes[edit]

text: Series overview[edit]

text:
Season
Episodes
Originally released

1
10
February 3, 2017 (2017-02-03)

2
10
March 23, 2018 (2018-03-23)

text: Season 1 (2017)[edit]

text:
No.
overall
No. in
season
Title
Directed by
Written by
Original release date

1
1
"So Then a Bat or a Monkey"
Ruben Fleischer
Victor Fresco
February 3, 2017 (2017-02-03)

This episode's plot summary may be too long or excessively detailed. Please help improve it by removing unnecessary details and making it more concise. (May 2018) (Learn how and when to remove this template message)

Joel and Sheila Hammond are realtors leading a normal suburban life with their daughter Abby. They are trying hard to sell a house but while showing it Sheila violently throw ups copious amounts of yellow liquid, including what might be an organ. Joel takes Sheila to the emergency department but since it is slow they go home. Sheila is acting oddly, including an increased libido; her blood is thick and she has no heartbeat. Their neighbor's son Eric explains to them that Sheila is dead and undead and driven by her Id, which Sheila is okay with. Eric tells them Sheila must always be fed, and if she degrades she may have to die. Sheila and Abby sneak out and buy a car, and later Sheila parties with her neighbors. Gary, Sheila's co-worker, entices Sheila to dance with him when Joel finds them. They leave and Sheila thinks her new behavior might be who she really is. At Sheila's home, Gary tries to force himself on her, threatening to tell others she was unfaithful if she refuses. Sheila licks his fingers, suddenly biting two of them off before devouring Gary in the backyard. Joel comes home to find Sheila eating Gary; as he looks on in horror, Sheila tells him she wants to make this work.

2
2
"We Can't Kill People!"
Ruben Fleischer
Victor Fresco
February 3, 2017 (2017-02-03)

They bury Gary’s remains in the desert. Abby and Eric follow them discovering Sheila killed Gary. While covering up the murder Dan sees Joel spraying his grass in the middle of the night and gets suspicious. Joel consults a virologist but he thinks Joel is crazy. Dan comes to inspect the grass and Joel tells him they have ants. Abby ditches school with Eric. Joel tries to get Sheila to eat meat but she says since she ate Gary she does not want anything but humans. Joel suggests that maybe it is the freshness that matters. Sheila continues to act impulsively including killing a rooster. After they make the sale on the listing Sheila tells Joel she couldn’t eat the rooster. Joel reiterates that they cannot kill people. Joel and Sheila try to find an alternate food source at the morgue but Sheila can’t stand the cadaver flesh. Sheila’s hunger is growing so Joel tells her they are going to kill people so she can eat. They have been together since high school and he is not going to leave her now. Abby comes and sleeps in their bed because she is worried about the changes.

3
3
"We Can Kill People"
Marc Buckland
Clay Graham
February 3, 2017 (2017-02-03)

This episode's plot summary may be too long or excessively detailed. Please help improve it by removing unnecessary details and making it more concise. (May 2018) (Learn how and when to remove this template message)

Joel and Sheila discuss balancing killing people and being parents. Abby is grumpy with them for being overbearing. They make a plan to find a bad person to kill. Dan talks to them about never having a sloppy kill referring to the ants. They get supplies for killing people. Joel smokes pot in the bathroom to calm down. Eric and Abby have lunch while ditching school where Abby’s friend leaves with her 26-year-old drug dealer boyfriend, but he breaks up with her. Joel and Sheila talk to Rick, their other neighbor who is a cop, looking for where to find people to kill. He says that a pedophile lives in the area and the couple consider killing him. Sheila and Joel overhear the teenagers talking about how bad the ex-boyfriend was and decide to kill him. Once Joel talked to him he decides to let him go much to Sheila’s annoyance. The teenagers go to the ex-boyfriend's house; one of them teargasses it and retrieves her friend's sweater. On the way home, Sheila and Joel have a road rage incident then Sheila kills the driver of the other car. They put him in the freezer in their storage unit hoping he will not be missed. They go to family dinner and all three of them tell the others how wonderful everything is.

4
4
"The Farting Sex Tourist"
Ken Kwapis
Michael A. Ross
February 3, 2017 (2017-02-03)

Sheila makes a smoothie from the body in storage then goes walking with her neighbors. She suggests the women should live life to the fullest. She tells them her new attitude is due to her new high protein diet. Joel goes to paranormal stores researching zombies. He finds two prints from Serbia that show someone vomiting up a red ball and then eating someone. Rick talks to the couple about their new car and then Dan interrupts bringing them more ant spray. Abby’s school calls them in and Principal Novak tells them Abby is missing school. They insist everything is normal. Sheila gets upset with Novak and she wants to eat him when he threatens to suspend Abby. Sheila tells Abby she should drop out causing Joel to confront Sheila about her behavior concluding he is not sure their family can survive it. Sheila talks to Eric who tells her the undead have no impulse control and she cannot change. Meanwhile Joel talks to Abby and they steal Rick’s motorcycle before they bond over freaking out about Sheila. Joel realizes Novak is Serbian. Dan sprays Joel’s yard for ants and finds Gary's finger.

5
5
"Man Eat Man"
Marc Buckland
Chadd Gindin
February 3, 2017 (2017-02-03)

Abby goes to the storage unit and finds the dead man in the freezer. Joel talks to Novak’s Grandmother for help translating the prints. She tells him it is an old story about zombies from a book that might have a cure. Sheila is reluctant about a cure at first as she likes the side effects of being a zombie but finally agrees she wants a cure. Joel finds a possible source for the book, Anton. Abby tells Eric about the dead guy she found. Eric tells Abby he found out his mom is having an affair. Joel asks Rick to run a check for Anton. Dan blackmails Joel into killing a guy named Loki. Joel tells Sheila that Dan knows about Gary. Sheila wants to kill Loki for food and is willing to go alone. Abby complains to Eric about her parent’s lying and he tries to kiss her. Sheila and Joel try to kill Loki and fail. Sheila is worried she bit Loki. Abby notices blood on Sheila’s briefcase but does not confront her mom about it. Loki is on the floor of a hotel room surrounded by vomit like Sheila was before.

6
6
"Attention to Detail"
Craig Zisk
Leila Cohan-Miccio
February 3, 2017 (2017-02-03)

Joel and Sheila stake out Loki and debate the possibility that he was turned into a zombie. With no resolution they go to a party at Dan’s house and Joel has to lie to Dan about Loki. Sheila realizes she left a pen with her contact information at Loki’s house. Abby and Eric have a hard time recovering from the kiss. Dan wants Joel to kill another guy who he claims is a bad guy but when Sheila goes to kill him it turns out to be the guy Lisa is having an affair with and she does not kill him. Abby and Eric plant a flash bang in Dan’s rose garden to freak him out. In the process they find a stash of money concluding Dan is a dirty cop. Joel runs into Loki’s friends and is held hostage. They knock him out but he is OK and he finds the pen. Joel and Sheila decide they are going to do everything together moving forward. Joel confronts Dan telling him he will not be killing people for him anymore. They get into a fight and Joel kills him with a shovel.

7
7
"Strange or Just Inconsiderate?"
Lynn Shelton
Ben Smith
February 3, 2017 (2017-02-03)

Joel and Sheila bring Dan’s body to their house and they make a plan to dispose of him. Sheila begins to worry about Joel, who is obsessed with retaining the family's "normality." Rick finds Anton for Joel. Abby finds Dan’s body in the tub and confronts her parents about lying to her. Abby tells Eric that Dan is dead and he is fine with it. Abby and Eric have a plan to help cover up Dan’s murder by revealing he is a dirty cop to the other cops. With the sheriff's department all over the neighborhood following Dan's disappearance, Sheila undertakes to eat him completely to hide the evidence but fails. Joel decides to take the remaining body parts out of the house in a cooler. The cops find Dan’s stash and with it Gary’s finger. Rick tells Joel that Gary’s disappearance is being blamed on Dan. While Sheila is taking a bath her little toe falls off.

8
8
"How Much Vomit?"
Steve Pink
Aaron Brownstein & Simon Ganz
February 3, 2017 (2017-02-03)

Sheila keeps the fact that her toe has fallen off from Joel. As the police discover more about Dan's corrupt activities, Joel and Sheila hear that Loki is still alive and appears to have turned undead as well. They find him doing an acoustic performance at a local club, and he becomes obsessed with Sheila, forcing them to kill him when he tries to murder Joel. As Joel is coming to terms with Sheila's toe having fallen off, they are both shocked to notice that her right eye is now hanging out of her head.

9
9
"The Book!"
Tamra Davis
Sarah Walker
February 3, 2017 (2017-02-03)

Joel and Eric head to a paranormal convention to meet Anton, a popular and mysterious figure in the paranormal community, who claims to have an ancient book containing the cure for Sheila's condition. Anton accuses Joel of being a government agent, and when confronted later, admits he is a fraud and does not have the book—however Joel is approached by another attendee, who puts him in touch with the book's real owner, Dr. Cora Wolf. Meanwhile, Sheila tries to bond with Abby, as the two try to get her money back from the brother of the deceased chop shop owner.

10
10
"Baka, Bile and Baseball Bats"
Dean Parisot
Clay Graham
February 3, 2017 (2017-02-03)

Dr. Cora Wolf moves in with the Hammonds to work on a cure for the virus, which has previously only been tested on rats. Wolf tells Sheila that as her condition progresses, she will become uncontrollably violent and could harm her family and others. With Eric's assistance, Wolf synthesizes the cure, only requiring the final ingredient: the bile of a pure-born Serbian. Joel and Sheila visit Principal Novak's "baka" and attempt to get her to vomit by getting her drunk, however Novak calls the police and Joel is arrested and committed to a mental institution. Sheila gets Abby to chain her up in the basement, to prevent her harming anyone. She takes a call from a real estate client, telling them that she hopes either she or her husband will be free next week.

text: Season 2 (2018)[edit]

text:
No.
overall
No. in
season
Title
Directed by
Written by
Original release date

11
1
"No Family is Perfect"
Ken Kwapis
Victor Fresco
March 23, 2018 (2018-03-23)

Joel is under a 72-hour hold at the mental institution and confides in his roommate Ron, who suffers from apparent delusions. Sheila is chained up in the basement as Abby and Eric search the internet for a pure Serbian who will sell their bile. They get a hit and Abby goes to collect. Joel is released from the institution and buys bile from the morgue. Sheila gets Eric to unchain her. Goran, the bile seller, is extremely forward with Abby and even follows her home. Sheila attacks and consumes him. Eric uses the man's bile to render a cure for Sheila's deterioration. Joel comes home horrified, but Eric assures the Hammonds that Sheila won’t get any worse. Joel proposes that Sheila stay in the basement until she can control herself. Eric goes to buy cleaning supplies, where he meets deadpan store employee Ramona. Joel and Abby decide to stay the night with Sheila in the basement. Later on, Ramona calls Eric and asks if Abby is his girlfriend, adding that she is recently single. While eating a man's finger from her fridge, she asks Eric if he’d like to hang out sometime.

12
2
"Coyote in Yoga Pants"
Marc Buckland
Michael A. Ross
March 23, 2018 (2018-03-23)

Sheila begins chasing animals to curb her antsy behavior. Joel and Sheila run into their neighbor Lisa, who has no news on her "missing" husband Dan and has since started seeing his partner, Deputy Anne Garcia. Abby and Eric realize that their emails to Goran could trace his disappearance back to them. Sheila and Joel convince their boss Carl to give them one of Gary's old assignments. Abby and Eric break into Goran's apartment to delete the evidence. Abby tells Eric how scared she was when Goran followed her home, but Eric's phone keeps blowing up with texts from Ramona. Another couple enters the apartment, also claiming to be Goran's friends. Abby and Eric leave, but the other couple knows about the bile. Sheila and Joel compete with their high school rivals, Chris and Christa, for a listing and prevail when Sheila is able to run down the owner's fleeing dog. Abby reluctantly encourages Eric to ask Ramona out. Sheila and Joel discover that the spot where they buried her first kill, Gary, is planned for development. They go to the desert to dig him up, but discover that Gary's severed head has reanimated.

13
3
"Moral Gray Area"
Ken Kwapis
Clay Graham
March 23, 2018 (2018-03-23)

Sheila and Joel decide they need to kill the zombified Gary. Gary agrees, but asks them to bring the deed to his Michigan lake house to his niece Kayla. Sheila and Joel decide to honor Gary's last request. Eric finds a corpse in Ramona's bathtub and calls Abby, who sets out to rescue him. Sheila and Joel bring the deed to Kayla, but she still needs her car, which is with her ex-boyfriend, Boone. Sheila volunteers herself and Joel to retrieve the car. Abby bursts into Ramona's apartment but realizes that Eric and Ramona actually had sex. Ramona discloses that she is also deteriorating and Eric offers to help her. At Boone's house, Sheila and Joel discover that he is the "young, single Hitler" type that Sheila can eat guilt-free. While debating whether they should kill again impulsively, Boone's friend AJ shows up and offers them a raffle book for the Nazi softball team. Sheila buys one as a future kill reference. After Eric gives Ramona the serum to halt her deterioration, she admits that she was just using him for his ties to Abby's mother and they break up. Abby discovers Gary in the basement.

14
4
"The Queen of England"
Adam Arkin
Chadd Gindin
March 23, 2018 (2018-03-23)

Gary decides he doesn’t want to die, leaving the Hammonds in a bind. Abby tells her parents that Ramona is undead. Sheila and Joel go to her and realize that becoming undead makes people who they always wanted to be. Remembering reports of murdered joggers, Sheila tells Ramona that without "a Joel" to help her, she needs to be more careful. Ramona shows them that the ball she threw up during transformation has sprouted legs. Abby stands up for a classmate by hitting another student, Christian, with a lunch tray. Ramona threatens Eric into being her Joel. Joel feels uneasy about his new life, but Gary offers some perspective. Ramona and Eric go to the Hammonds' dinner party and a fight ensues to free him. Abby chokes Ramona, who then confesses that she doesn’t want to do the undead thing alone anymore. Lisa walks in and the Hammonds reschedule dinner. Ramona decides to move to Seattle and Sheila and Joel go to her apartment for the ball creature. While there, Joel discovers a receipt showing that Ramona went to the restaurant Japopo's on the same day and ordered the same clam dish Sheila did before their transformations.

15
5
"Going Pre-med"
Marc Buckland
Ben Smith
March 23, 2018 (2018-03-23)

Sheila stakes out Boone's house while Joel goes undercover at Japopo's but Joel is recognized for writing a negative Yelp review. The proprietor agrees to give Joel their receipts if he writes a positive review. Sheila accidentally convinces Anne to investigate the recent murders herself and Joel encourages Sheila to end their friendship. Sheila and Joel voice concern for Abby before renting a second storage unit; one for Gary and the ball creature, and the other for a kill room. Ron finds Joel and Sheila at work and Joel persuades him to keep their secret. Principal Novak nearly gives Abby a month's detention but with Eric's intervention, she instead joins the Environmental Club. Abby meets a new boy, Sven. Sheila and Joel lure Boone to their storage unit. She kills him as well as his fellow Nazi friend. Abby ditches the Environmental Club for something more extreme, with Eric's support. Joel vents to Gary and writes a new review for Japopo's. At the restaurant, Ron meets with the couple from Goran's apartment, Marsha and Paul. They are looking for Serbian bile and information on the Hammonds. The man sports a ball creature tattoo on his arm.

16
6
"Pasión"
Steve Pink
Aaron Brownstein & Simon Ganz
March 23, 2018 (2018-03-23)

Abby and Joel find another person from the Japopo's receipts who ordered the clam dish. Joel goes to stake out Colonel Ed Thune's house while Sheila attends a work meeting. To be consistent with a previous lie, Joel agrees to give Anne dance lessons. Abby tells Eric she has a date with Sven. Sheila's eye pops out at the meeting with Carl due to the frustration of not killing him. Joel goes to Ed's house undercover to confirm that Japopo's clams are the cause of the undead epidemic. Eric helps Sheila with her eye. Abby goes on a date with Sven but they don’t connect. Joel questions Ed and searches his things. Sheila and Carl attend a meeting with an investor, who hates Carl's idea, prompting Sheila to offer her own. Carl berates Sheila, who accidentally bites off her own finger. The skin of Ed's hand slides off during a handshake, proving that he is undead. Joel kills Ed, who had already gone feral, as well as his ball creature. Abby tells Eric about her extreme plan to stop local fracking. Joel comes home to find Anne, but gets her to leave. Sheila shows Joel her mangled finger.

17
7
"A Change of Heart"
Jaffar Mahmood
Melissa Hunter
March 23, 2018 (2018-03-23)

Eric helps Sheila reattach her finger and lets it slip about the tray incident. Sheila and Joel confront Abby, but she feels no remorse. Eric goes undercover at Japopo's but the owner won’t disclose his clam distributor. Out of concern, Sheila and Joel force Abby to apologize to Christian only to discover that his parents are Chris and Christa, who try to blackmail the Hammonds with threats of Abby's expulsion. Eric breaks into Japopo's back office. The Hammonds go to Principal Novak's house where Sheila and Joel tell Abby how difficult it’s been juggling all their problems and ask Abby to help them out. Abby apologizes to Novak but gets expelled anyway. He accidentally slams Sheila's finger in his door and she pretends to be hurt, forcing Novak to un-expel Abby. Eric calls Joel to shows him that Japopo's used a different clam distributor, Ruby's Clams, the day that the Hammonds ate there before Sheila's transformation. Sheila pulls into the parking lot for an investor meeting but Carl shows up unexpectedly. She closes her eyes and wakes up 12 hours later at home with blood on her face and a heart in her hand.

18
8
"Easels and War Paint"
Steve Pink
Caitlin Meares
March 23, 2018 (2018-03-23)

Sheila can’t recall anything since the parking lot and is missing a boot. She and Joel suspect she killed Carl until Carl shows up to work and fires Sheila for missing the meeting. Lisa stops by the Hammonds' house to thank Sheila for convincing her to get baptized for Anne. During her blackout, Sheila also convinced Anne to focus on painting rather than the murder investigations. Abby finds AJ, the Nazi who sold Sheila the raffle book, dead in their freezer. Sheila and Joel go to AJ's work to retrieve her missing boot. Abby and Eric make plans to vandalize a fracking site. Abby asks Lisa for Dan's night vision goggles and Lisa agrees to lend them to her if Abby agrees to a makeover before her "date" with Eric. Sheila and Joel delete the security videos and retrieve Sheila's boot. Abby tells Eric she wants to use Dan's explosives, but Eric backs out of the plan. Joel quits his job and he and Sheila decide to establish their own real estate company. Anne's "Suspicious Objects" series includes paintings of Gary's finger, the Nazi raffle book, Dan's missing persons poster, and Joel.

19
9
"Suspicious Objects"
Jamie Babbit
Romi Barta
March 23, 2018 (2018-03-23)

Joel goes undercover to scout Ruby's Clams and meets the proprietor. Anne shows Sheila her paintings. Abby is upset with Eric for bailing on their plans. Ruby shows Joel her clam farm, which has grown from 4 clams found in a deep aquatic cave in Serbia to 5,000 in matter of months. She informs Joel that the clams are to be shipped out to restaurants the next day. As Sheila alerts Joel about the paintings, Marsha and Paul arrive at Ruby's. Anne explains to Sheila and Joel that she was simply painting suspicious objects, including a tumbler containing Goran's bile. She has pieced together parts of the case, but her boss did not buy her theories. Eric attempts to kill a red clam that Joel stole from Ruby's, but nothing works. The clam extends a tentacle to a regular clam and consumes it. Abby and Eric get Sven to give them access to a kiln so they can incinerate the clams. Ruby catches Sheila and Joel stealing her clams before Marsha and Paul blow up the building. Anne makes the connection of Boone having dated Gary's niece and her boss becomes interested in the case.

20
10
"Halibut!"
Marc Buckland
Victor Fresco
March 23, 2018 (2018-03-23)

Sheila and Joel plan to destroy Anne's case. Eric helps Abby construct an explosive for the fracking site. After numerous takes, Gary finally records a message to a burner phone that’ll lead the police to believe that he and Dan are on the run. Gary then confirms that he’s ready to die. Abby and Eric plant the burner phone containing the message in Dan's closet for Anne to find, where they also discover C-4 to use it at the fracking site. At Lisa's baptism, Anne informs Sheila and Joel that she has a guy looking into possible deleted messages. Not knowing that deleted messages could be salvaged, the Hammonds plan their escape. Abby goes to say goodbye to Eric and they kiss. Anne confirms that nothing could be recovered from the burner phone but eventually recognizes a sound on the voicemail to be Sheila's bracelets. Anne catches Sheila and Joel in the middle of Gary's funeral and they tell her the truth. Anne shoots Sheila, who is unharmed, and Joel shows her Gary. Reading Eric and Abby's explosion as a sign, Anne accepts Sheila as an instrument of God.

text: Production[edit]

text: Development[edit]

text: Fresco came up with the premise from wanting to make "a family show with an interesting approach that we haven’t seen before". The zombie angle also allowed Fresco to explore the concept of Narcissism stating that "the undead are the ultimate narcissists. They want what they want when they want it and will do anything to just have what they want and don’t care about other people’s needs" [11]

text: For the setting Fresco drew from his own experience growing up in San Fernando Valley. Santa Clarita was chosen because of its middle class inhabitants.[11] The Hammonds' profession of realtors was chosen because "It gets them out into the world" as well as the "forced friendliness" inherent to the profession.[11]

text: Advertising controversy[edit]

text: In February 2017, advertising for the show sparked criticism in Germany, where Netflix promoted the show with posters depicting a human finger sliced up like a currywurst, a popular German fast food dish. After receiving more than 50 complaints that the advertising was glorifying violence and inducing fear, especially in children, the German Advertising Council, a self-regulatory institution, forwarded the complaints to the company. Netflix then decided to end the campaign and remove all posters.[12]

text: Critical reception[edit]

text: The first season of Santa Clarita Diet received generally positive reviews from critics. On Rotten Tomatoes, the season has an approval rating of 75% based on 64 reviews, with an average rating of 7.18/10. The site's critical consensus reads, "Santa Clarita Diet serves up an excellent cast, frequent laughs, and an engaging premise – but the level of gore might not be to everyone's taste."[13] Metacritic reports that the first season received "generally favorable reviews" with a score of 67 out of 100, based on 30 critics.[14]

text: The second season received generally positive reviews as well. The season holds a score of 82% based on 11 reviews, with an average rating of 7.08/10 on Rotten Tomatoes. The site's critical consensus states: "Santa Clarita Diet rides the momentum of its freshman season with non-stop comedic gore and a big heart that bleeds — profusely — for its lovable characters."[15]


document_title: Click (2006 film)

question_text: who played adam sandler's daughter in click

question_tokens: who played adam sandler 's daughter in click

root

text: Click (2006 film)

text: Plot[edit]

text: Michael Newman (Adam Sandler) is a hardworking architect, married to his longtime sweetheart, Donna Newman (Kate Beckinsale) with two children, Ben and Samantha. Michael is easily pushed around by his overbearing boss, John Ammer (David Hasselhoff), and often chooses work over family. While going in search of a universal remote control at the retail store Bed Bath & Beyond, Michael falls onto a bed and then proceeds to the section marked "Beyond". He befriends a mysterious man named Morty (Christopher Walken), who gives him the remote control for free and warns him that it can never be returned.

tag: p

text: To Michael's amazement, he finds that this remote can actually control time and space, as if reality were a television program. He can revisit past memories, lower volume of surrounding noise, and freeze or fast forward through time. At first, Michael uses the remote to have fun, but then starts to use it for his benefit. He uses its universal language adaptor to interpret for foreign clients or to relive moments from his childhood. During a camping trip in Lake Winnipesaukee, his parents had a barbeque, but the other kids had declined his invitation in favor of another family that was better off. This affected Michael's adult personality; he is determined to succeed in order to avoid raising his family in the same squalor his parents did. Morty attempts to explain the error of Michael's work ethic, and reminds him to not to take Donna for granted by showing some of Michael's past girlfriends who were homely or had awful personalities. However, Michael ultimately uses the remote to skip quarrels with Donna, to avoid suffering a cold by skipping to the point at which he recovers, and to skip a family dinner in order to finish an important project. Later, Morty reveals that when Michael fast-forwards through time, his body is on "auto-pilot", meaning his mind skips ahead while his body goes through the motions of everyday life. After seeing his children upset that he cannot afford new bicycles he promised for them, Michael decides to use the remote to fast forward to when Ammer delivers on his promised partnership, but learns that it was one whole year ahead. Michael finds out that, during the span of that year, he entered marriage counseling; his children prefer to watch CSI instead of Dragon Tales; and he missed the death of his dog. To make matters worse, the remote begins fast-forwarding on its own, as a feature that would automatically follow Michael's preferences based on how he used it. Michael's various attempts to dispose of or destroy the remote fail, giving him the resolve to regain agency of his life.

text: The next day, Ammer tells Michael he is retiring and suggests that one day Michael may end up CEO. Momentarily forgetting his plan to outfox the remote, Michael says he would like to end up CEO; the remote reacts accordingly and fast-forwards to the year 2017. In the future Michael has achieved everything he wished, and is now the new CEO of the company after Ammer moves to Morocco with Donna's best friend, Janine (Jennifer Coolidge). Michael has all the material wealth and luxuries he could ever want, albeit at the cost of his family's state. Michael has become very unhealthy over the ten years causing him to become obese and discovers he resides in a penthouse by himself. After discovering his new life, and unaware that he and Donna have been divorced, Michael wishes to go back to his house, and the remote fast forwards him there. However, when he returns to his old house Michael is resented by everyone in his family and realizes the divorce. He also discovers that Donna has married Bill, who coached Ben's swim team. While visiting his family, Michael meets Ben who is now an overweight teenager with self-esteem issues from copying his father's eating habits and Samantha who has grown into a beautiful young lady, but moody with similar attitude problems like Ben's. He then fights with Donna and Bill, before confronting Morty who reveals his life choices caused him to become an overweight workaholic who neglected his family. The new family dog then pounces on him, causing him to fall and hit his head on a brick wall, knocking him into a coma.

text: Having "learned" from Michael when he skipped his cold, the remote fast forwards through Michael's coma and transports him to 2023, where he has finally woken up. Michael had suffered a heart attack while in a coma, but is no longer obese. Ben is also in shape and is now Michael's partner. Michael is devastated when Ben tells him his father Ted (Henry Winkler) has died, and Michael, while visiting his father's grave, tries to use the remote to go to the moment when Ted was on his deathbed, but Morty appears, saying that it will not take him there; the time travel function only works for events Michael was physically present. Michael uses the remote to take him to the point when he last saw Ted alive, which is when Ted made an impromptu visit to his son's and grandson's office. Michael sees that, while on auto-pilot, he had remained emotionally distant, and brusquely rejected his father's offer for a night out with him. Even coldly telling Ted, that he "always knew", when Ted said he would teach Michael the infamish coin trick (something that Ted is extremely prideful of). Heartbroken, Ted walked away with Ben. Although aghast, Michael "pauses" Ted to get in his last words and tell his unaware father that he loves him too and will miss him.

text: At the graveyard, Morty reveals he is in fact the Angel of Death. Upset with his life, Michael begs to go to a "good place", and fast forwards to Ben's wedding in the year 2029. Although Michael is glad, he also sees Samantha calling Bill "Dad", and the shock triggers a second heart attack. When Michael awakens in a hospital wing, Morty appears and tells him that he has chosen his path and is powerless to do anything about it. Michael's family arrives, and Ben tells his dad their business is in trouble, so he has cancelled his honeymoon to leave temporarily and patch things up. Michael tries to tell Ben it isn't fair for him to neglect his wife, but to no avail. After Ben and Samantha leave, Michael struggles out of the bed and feebly chases after them. Not wanting Ben to make the same mistakes he did, Michael tries to reach Ben before he leaves for his flight. Although Morty protests that Michael will die unless he goes back to the hospital, Michael insists he needs to speak his last words to his family. Michael reaches his family and collapses, but manages to convince Ben that family must come first; he reassures the others that he still loves them, and Morty approaches to take him. The family weeps as Michael dies.

text: Michael wakes up in the bed onto which he had collapsed at Bed Bath & Beyond, convinced that the events have all been a crazy dream. As he wakes up he sees a store employee (Nick Swardson), who earlier said he had no friends, so Michael picks him up and throws him onto the bed in a playful manner. He cheerfully drives through town and reminds his parents that his door is always open for them. When he arrives back at his own home, he finds the remote on the kitchen counter along with a note by Morty, who says "good guys need a break". Michael now realizes his experience was not a dream, but a warning. He throws the remote in the trash, and it does not reappear, indicating that he has ultimately made the right choice. The film ends with Michael offering to play with his kids.

text: Cast[edit]

text:
Adam Sandler as Michael "Mike" Newman

Emilio Cast as Michael "Mike" Newman at 10 years old

Kate Beckinsale as Donna Newman, Michael's wife
Christopher Walken as Morty, the "Angel of Death"
David Hasselhoff as Johnny "John" Ammer, Michael's boss
Henry Winkler as Theodore "Ted" K. Newman, Michael's father
Julie Kavner as Trudy Newman, Michael's mother
Sean Astin as Bill, Ben's swimming coach (and Donna's second husband in the alternate timeline)
Jennifer Coolidge as Janine, Donna's best friend
Sophie Monk as Stacey
Michelle Lombardo as Linda
Joseph Castanon as Benjamin "Ben" Newman, Michael's son, at 7 years old

Jonah Hill as Ben at 17 years old
Jake Hoffman as Ben at 22–30 years old

Danielle Tatum McCann as Samantha "Sam" Newman, Michael's daughter, at 5 years old

Lorraine Nicholson as Samantha at 15 years old
Katie Cassidy as Samantha at 27 years old

Cameron Monaghan as Kevin O'Doyle, Michael's rude, obnoxious ten year-old next-door neighbor who boasts a lot.
Rachel Dratch as Alice / Alan, Michael's assistant
Jana Kramer as Julie Newman
Nick Swardson as a Bed Bath & Beyond employee
Rob Schneider as Prince Habeeboo (uncredited)[2]
James Earl Jones as himself / Narrator (voice only, uncredited)[2]
Terry Crews as Man singing in car (uncredited)

text: Production[edit]

text: On February 15, 2003, Frank Coraci was hired and set to direct Click. Steve Koren and Mark O'Keefe wrote the script for the film. Adam Sandler, Jack Giarraputo and Neal H. Moritz produced the film with the budget of $82.5 million for release in 2006. On March 11, 2004, it was announced that Adam Sandler, Emilio Cast, Kate Beckinsale, Christopher Walken, David Hasselhoff, Henry Winkler, Julie Kavner, Sean Astin, Jennifer Coolidge, Sophie Monk, Michelle Lombardo, Joseph Castanon, Jonah Hill, Jake Hoffman, Danielle Tatum McCann, Lorraine Nicholson, Katie Cassidy, Cameron Monaghan, Rachel Dratch, Nick Swardson, Rob Schneider and Billy Slaughter joined the film. James Earl Jones joined the cast on March 14 to play himself and the narrator. On April 8, 2005, it was announced that Rupert Gregson-Williams would compose the music for the film. In May 8, Columbia Pictures acquired distribution rights to the film. Click was filmed at Shreveport, Louisiana.

text: The film's plot is similar to a story from the Goosebumps book series, also entitled "Click", which was made into an episode of the franchise's television series in 1997.[3] The content of the show prompted widespread discussion over whether the material was influential or borrowed for the 2006 film.[4][5][6][7]

text: Release[edit]

text: This section needs expansion. You can help by adding to it. (September 2015)

tag: table

text: The film screened out of competition at the San Sebastian International Film Festival.

text: Reception[edit]

text: Critical reception[edit]

text: Rotten Tomatoes gave the film a score of 32% based on 167 reviews. The average score is a 4.7 out of 10, and the consensus is: "This latest Adam Sandler vehicle borrows shamelessly from It's a Wonderful Life and Back to the Future, and fails to produce the necessary laughs that would forgive such imitation."[8] Metacritic gave it a score of 45 out of 100, which indicates "mixed or average reviews".[9] Audiences polled by CinemaScore gave the film an average grade of "B+" on an A+ to F scale.[10] Click grossed $137,355,633 in the United States and $100,325,666 internationally, with a total gross of $237,681,299 worldwide.[1]

text: Awards and nominations[edit]

text:
Academy Award for Best Makeup (Nominated)
33rd People's Choice Awards: Favorite Movie Comedy (Won)
2006 Teen Choice Awards: Choice Movie – Comedy (Nominated)
2007 Kids' Choice Awards: Favorite Movie (Nominated)
2007 Kids' Choice Awards: Favorite Movie Actor (Won)


document_title: Clara Edwards

question_text: who plays clara johnson on the andy griffith show

text: Clara Edwards

text: Clara Edwards (originally Bertha Edwards, Bertha Johnson and then Clara Johnson) is a fictional character on the American television sitcom The Andy Griffith Show (1960 – 1968). Clara was portrayed by actress Hope Summers.

text: Summers appeared as Bertha/Clara in 32 episodes of TAGS and was one of only a few characters (the others being Andy Taylor, Aunt Bee, and Opie Taylor) who appeared in all eight seasons of the show's run. The character migrated to the show's spin-off series Mayberry R.F.D..

text: Overview[edit]

text:
Clara lives in the fictional community of Mayberry, North Carolina on "The Andy Griffith Show" (TAGS) and "Mayberry RFD". Clara's best friend is her past classmate Aunt Bee. The two women have a warm, yet competitive relationship, which began on a high school basketball team. The kinship would continue with such domestic contests as jarring pickles (TAGS, "The Pickle Story, Episode#31)", and planting prize roses (TAGS, "Only a Rose", Episode #212).
In  "The Pickle Story", TAGS, episode#31, Clara and Bee both compete for a blue ribbon at the county fair with their entries of pickles. Clara wins the ribbon.

text: Clara is a descendant of the town's settlers, and a widow. (However, in Episode 14 of Season 6, she pointedly tells the guest character, Harlan Robinson, played by Woody Chambliss, that she is not "Mrs." but "Miss" Edwards.) She has a brother (who never appears on the show), and an adult nephew Ferdie, who makes one appearance. She also has a son, Gale, who never appears on the show. She occasionally looks after Sheriff Andy Taylor and son Opie, when their Aunt Bee is out of town.

text: Clara and Bee rival for the attentions of visiting single gentlemen, one of whom is Hubert Saint John,  who takes a fancy to Bee as she reminds him of his late wife. When Bee cuts ties, Clara attempts to charm him.

text: For a dozen years straight, Clara won Blue Ribons for her pickles at the Mayberry County Fair, and annoyingly trumps every Mayberry flower contest. She is the organist at All Souls Church.  Along with Bee, she composes a pro Mayberry anthem ("My Home Town"). Clara teaches Opie piano, and joins his rock group as pianist/ manager. She, Bee and friend Myrtle, take a free trip to Mexico. As a prominent church lady, and later, town council member ("Mayberry RFD"), she heavyhandedly asserts herself on such matters as parades ("Mayberry's Float", RFD episode #39), and scorning such locals as Howard (TAGS, "Howard The Comedian", episode #216 and "The Panel Show", RFD episode #6), and Millie ("The Church Play", RFD episode #8).

text: In season one of TAGS, the character appeared twice (including Episode #23) as "Bertha Edwards." In the second season she became "Clara Johnson" and remained so until the fifth-season episode "The Pageant," when she morphed into "Clara Edwards." She remained Clara Edwards until the end of the series' run. In spite of the name changes, the character was the same.


document_title: Worst Cooks in America

question_text: who won worst cook in america season 11

question_tokens: who won worst cook in america season 11

text: Worst Cooks in America

text: History[edit]

text: The show premiered on January 3, 2010. The show was initially hosted by chef Anne Burrell and chef Beau MacMillan in Season 1. MacMillan was replaced by chef Robert Irvine on Season 2, followed by chef Bobby Flay for Seasons 3–5. On November 20, 2014, a Food Network press release announced that chef Tyler Florence will be paired with chef Burrell to host Season 6, to debut on January 4, 2015. Burrell was the winning instructor in seasons 1, 2, 3, 6, 7 and 8 with Flay winning in Seasons 4–5. Rachael Ray and Burrell hosted the Season 7 special celebrity edition, which premiered September 23, 2015. During the finale of Season 7, a trailer previewing Season 8 was shown and was aired in January 2016 with the return of Tyler Florence.

text: Season 1: 2010[edit]

text: Chefs Beau MacMillan and Anne Burrell lead an intense culinary boot camp. They have six recruits each, and every week they must eliminate one recruit from each of their teams until there is only one from each team left. The final two create a three-course meal to fool a panel of restaurant critics into believing that the meal was created by the acclaimed chefs.

text: Recruits[edit]

text: Twelve chefs competed in the first season of Worst Cooks in America. Hometowns and occupations are available from the Food Network website.[3][4] Chef Anne's team was known as the Red Team and Chef Beau's team was known as the Blue Team.

text:
Contestant
Age
Hometown
Occupation
Status

Rachel Coleman
23
Brooklyn, New York
Marketing Website editor
Winner February 1

Jennifer "Jenny" Cross
21
Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
Waitress
Runner-up February 1

Jennifer "Jen" Vecchio
38
Cumberland, Rhode Island
Dance Studio Owner
Eliminated January 31

Eddie Chang
32
Jersey City, New Jersey
IT project manager

Marque Hernandez
41
Brea, California
Director of Clinical Operations
Eliminated January 24

Rebecca Hooper
43
Sandy, Utah
Salon Owner

Sophia Gettys
27
Aurora, Colorado
Stay-at-home Mom
Eliminated January 17

Susie Shoman
53
Georgetown, South Carolina
Grants administrator and entrepreneur

Kelly Johnson
31
Scottsdale, Arizona
Corporate litigation attorney
Eliminated January 10

David Summey
29
Charlotte, North Carolina
Salesman

Wilhelmina Josephine
29
Aliso Viejo, California
Insurance claims adjuster
Eliminated January 3

Hamed Hamad
24
North Hollywood, California
Journalist and fashion consultant

text: Contestant progress[edit]

text:
Rank
Contestant
Episode

1
2
3
4
5
6

1

Rachel

IN
IN
IN
IN
WIN
BTM
WIN
WINNER

2

Jenny*

IN
IN
IN
WIN
IN
BTM
WIN
RUNNER-UP

3

Jen

IN
IN
WIN
IN
WIN
WIN
OUT

4

Eddie

BTM
WIN
BTM
BTM
IN
WIN
OUT

5

Marque

WIN
WIN
BTM
BTM
IN
OUT

6

Rebecca

WIN
BTM
IN
WIN
IN
OUT

7

Sophia*

IN
IN
IN
OUT

8

Susie

IN
BTM
IN
OUT

9

Kelly

IN
OUT

10

David

BTM
OUT

11

Wilhelmina

OUT

12

Hamed

OUT

text: Season 2: 2011[edit]

text: Casting for season 2 of Worst Cooks in America was held at the LA Marriott Burbank Airport, Hotel & Convention Center on March 27, 2010.[5] The Food Network also began accepting online video applications for season 2.[6] Food Network's website announced that Robert Irvine would replace Beau MacMillan for season 2. Season 2 debuted on January 2, 2011.[7] In this season the chefs had eight recruits each.

text: Recruits[edit]

text:
Contestant
Age
Hometown
Occupation
Status

Joshie Berger
36
Brooklyn, New York
Attorney
Winner February 20

Georgann "Georg" Coleman
38
Chicago, Illinois
Speech pathologist
Runner-up February 20

Carlos Manuel
28
Atlanta, Georgia
Banker
Eliminated February 13

Kelsey Milos
22
Kings, Illinois
Hair stylist

Kat Rose
37
Newnan, Georgia
Stay-at-home mother
Eliminated February 6

Tyrone "Ty" Miller
33
Trenton, New Jersey
Property manager

Jennifer "Jen" MacLean
43
Sparta, New Jersey
Operating room nurse
Eliminated January 30

Kelly Gray
32
New York, New York
Aerobics instructor

Erika Rumsey
27
Elgin, Illinois
Account manager
Eliminated January 23

Anna Altomari
44
Aliso Viejo, California
RN Case manager

Priscilla Harden
60
Sugar Land, Texas
Retired teacher
Eliminated January 16

Matt Crespi
24
Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
PhD Student

Anthony Scinto
32
Crestwood, Illinois
Mechanical engineer
Eliminated January 9

Jeff Longcor
25
Somerville, Massachusetts
Environmental contractor

Lina Yu
28
Arcadia, California
Production manager
Eliminated January 2

Eric Ricupero
34
Quincy, Massachusetts
Bar owner

text: Contestant progress[edit]

text:
Episode

Rank
Contestant
1
2
3
4
5
6
7

1

Joshie

IN
IN
IN
WIN
WIN
9th
IN
IN
BTM
BTM
IN
WINNER

2

Georg

IN
WIN
IN
IN
IN
WIN
IN
WIN
BTM
WIN
WIN
RUNNER-UP

3

Carlos

IN
IN
WIN
WIN
IN
6th
WIN
WIN
WIN
WIN
OUT

4

Kelsey*

WIN
IN
IN
WIN
BTM
2nd
BTM
IN
WIN
IN
OUT

5

Kat*

WIN
IN
BTM
IN
IN
BTM
BTM
BTM
OUT

6

Ty

IN
IN
IN
IN
BTM
3rd
IN
BTM
OUT

7

Jen

IN
BTM
IN
WIN
IN
7th
IN
OUT

8

Kelly

IN
IN
IN
IN
IN
5th
WIN
OUT

9

Erika

BTM
WIN
IN
WIN
IN
8th
OUT

10

Anna

IN
IN
IN
IN
WIN
4th
OUT

11

Priscilla

IN
IN
BTM
WIN
OUT

12

Matt

BTM
IN
WIN
IN
OUT

13

Anthony

IN
IN
OUT

14

Jeff

IN
BTM
OUT

15

Lina

OUT

16

Eric

OUT

text: Differences between seasons 1 and 2[edit]

text: In the first episode, a group of selected novice cooks were to prepare a dish from scratch so the chefs would get an idea of how poor their skills were. After tasting all the items, the chefs took turns picking team members for their rival chef. The first season started off with 24 novice cooks but only the worst 12 were chosen for a team. In the second season, the first episode began with 16 amateurs and all took part for the remainder of that episode.

text: In the penultimate episode of the season, the remaining four recruits learned and replicated a dessert. After this, in the first season, the recruits had to instruct a group of high school students how to replicate the dessert recipe. In the second one, the recruits were assigned the dessert to serve after both chefs, and a special guest enjoyed a main dish.

text: After learning and replicating a dessert, the recruits had to prepare a meal for both chefs and a surprise guest, usually a spouse or other family member. The first season’s main dishes were an improved version of the recruits’ audition meal. The special guests in the second season got to choose what they wanted the students to make them.

text: Two recruits remained in the final episode and had to prepare an appetizer, main dish, and dessert for a panel of three food critics. The critics in season 1 thought that the final meal was prepared by the chefs until after they sampled all the courses. In season 2, the critics learned their meal was prepared by the recruits immediately after entering the restaurant.

text: Season 3: 2012[edit]

text: Anne Burrell and Bobby Flay hosted season 3 replacing Robert Irvine.[8][9]

text: Recruits[edit]

text:
Contestant
Age
Hometown
Occupation
Status

Kelli Powers
40
Los Angeles, California
Stay-at-home mother
Winner April 1

Vinnie Caligiuri
47
Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
Mortgage broker
Runner-up April 1

Melissa Rhodes
28
Naples, Florida
Nursing Student
Eliminated March 25

David Shelton
26
Longview, Texas
Unemployed

Tiffany Michelle
27
Los Angeles, California
Poker player and actress
Eliminated March 18

Dorothy Strouhal
38
Cove, Texas
Make-up artist

Anthony Schiano
33
Massapequa, New York
Mechanical engineer
Eliminated March 11

Benjamin Dennis
37
Dallas, Texas
Stay-at-home father
Quit March 11

Sean "Bennett" Bennett
36
New York City
Automotive Spokesperson
Eliminated March 4

Sarina Weeraprajuk
31
West Covina, California
Wedding photographer

Erica Weidner
53
Long Beach, New York
Court Reporter Student
Eliminated February 26

Robert "Bob" Tamke
44
Massapequa Park, New York
DJ

Sherrill Moss-Solomon
55
New York, New York
Fundraiser
Eliminated February 19

Rachel Margolin
31
New York, New York
Night Club Promoter

Richard Chen
55
Queens, New York
Attorney
Eliminated February 12

Libby Floyd
46
Eden Prairie, Minnesota
ShopNBC host[10]

text: Contestant progress[edit]

text:
Rank
Contestant
Episode

1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8

1

Kelli

WIN
IN
IN
IN
IN
IN
BTM
WIN
BTM
WIN
WIN
WIN
WIN
WINNER

2

Vinnie

IN
WIN
WIN
IN
IN
IN
WIN
IN
BTM
IN
WIN
WIN
WIN
RUNNER-UP

3

Melissa1

IN
IN
IN
IN
IN
IN
IN
WIN
WIN
IN
BTM
IN
OUT

4

David1

IN
IN
IN
BTM
IN
IN
WIN
WIN
IN
WIN
BTM
IN
OUT

5

Tiffany

WIN
IN
IN
WIN
IN
BTM
BTM
IN
BTM
IN
OUT

6

Dorothy

IN
IN
WIN
IN
BTM
WIN
IN
WIN
WIN
WIN
OUT

7

Anthony

IN
IN
IN
IN
IN
IN
IN
WIN
OUT

8

Benjamin

IN
IN
IN
IN
WIN
WIN
IN
IN

QUIT

9

Bennett

IN
IN
BTM
BTM
WIN
BTM
OUT

10

Sarina

BTM
IN
IN
IN
BTM
IN
OUT

11

Erica

IN
IN
BTM
IN
OUT

12

Bob

IN
WIN
IN
IN
OUT

13

Sherrill

IN
BTM
OUT

14

Rachel

BTM
BTM
OUT

15

Richard

OUT

16

Libby

OUT

text: ^Note 1 : In Episode 3, Team Bobby (blue team) won the first challenge, he therefore got to choose one person from Team Anne (red team) to go to his team, and then choose one person from his team to go to the other team. He chose David to go to Team Anne's team and chose Melissa from Team Anne's team to join his team.

text: Season 4: 2013[edit]

text: Recruits[edit]

text:
Contestant
Age
Hometown
Occupation
Status

Alina Bolshakova
28
Riga, Latvia
Caretaker/Actress
Winner March 31

Rasheeda Brown
30
Germantown, Maryland
Correctional Officer
Runner-up March 31

Chet Pourciau
40
New Orleans, Louisiana
Interior Designer
Eliminated March 24

Suzanne "Sue" Mangogna
42
Northport, New York
Single Mother

Carla Johnson
47
Long Beach, California
Alcohol & Drug Counselor
Eliminated March 17

Michael Haydin
25
Rye Brook, New York
Accountant

Carrie Lee Riggins
32
Carmel, New York
Ballerina/Actress
Eliminated March 10

Crystal Lonneberg
30
Weehawken, New Jersey
Actress/Artist

Aadip Desai
36
Sacramento, California
Writer/Musician
Eliminated March 3

Alex Stein
26
Dallas, Texas
Bail Bondsman

Michael "Big Mike" Paul
24
Thomson, Georgia
Woodworker
Eliminated February 24

Robert "Dr. Bob" Schaefer
58
Pleasant Hill, California
Chiropractor

Tim Burger
42
Novi, Michigan
Former Marine
Eliminated February 17

Diana De Rosa
62
Huntington, New York
Photographer

text: Contestant progress[edit]

text:
Rank
Contestant
Episode

1
2
3
4
5
6
7

1

Alina

BTM
WIN
WIN
IN
IN
IN
WIN
WIN
WIN
IN
WIN
WINNER

2

Rasheeda

IN
IN
BTM
IN
IN
WIN
WIN
WIN
BTM
WIN
WIN
RUNNER-UP

3

Chet

WIN
IN
IN
IN
WIN
WIN
IN
WIN
BTM
IN
OUT

4

Sue

IN
IN
WIN
BTM
BTM
IN
BTM
IN
WIN
WIN
OUT

5

Carla

IN
IN
BTM
WIN
IN
BTM
BTM
WIN
OUT

6

Michael

WIN
IN
IN
BTM
WIN
IN
BTM
IN
OUT

7

Carrie Lee

IN
IN
IN
IN
BTM
IN
OUT

8

Crystal

IN
WIN
IN
IN
IN
BTM
OUT

9

Aadip

IN
IN
IN
IN
OUT

10

Alex

IN
IN
IN
IN
OUT

11

Mike

IN
BTM
OUT

12

Bob

BTM
BTM
OUT

13

Tim

OUT

14

Diana

OUT

text: Season 5: 2014[edit]

text: Recruits[edit]

text:
Contestant
Age
Hometown
Occupation
Status

Amber Brauner
37
Redlands, California
Tattoo Artist
Winner March 31

Jamie Thomas
41
New York, New York
Flight Attendant
Runner-up March 31

Daniel "Danny" Beyda
43
Long Island, New York
Radiologist
Eliminated March 24

Mike Glazer
30
Chicago, Illinois
Writer

Carie Pullano-Keller
34
Chester, Virginia
Promotional Model
Eliminated March 17

Stephanie St. Aubin
26
Washington, DC
Secretary

Danielle Ruiz-Wiley
25
Staten Island, New York
Stay at Home Mom
Eliminated March 10

Carol Holder
64
New York, New York
Real Estate Broker

Joe Slaughter
28
Los Angeles, California
Actor/Dancer
Eliminated March 3

Ken Hsu
29
Seattle, Washington
Personal Trainer

Lance Green
31
New York, New York
Music Producer
Eliminated February 24

Benjamin "Benji" Hunter Brown III
29
Nashville, Tennessee
Live Music Booking Agent

Muneerah Warner
33
Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
Abstinence Advisor
Eliminated February 16

Casey Pentony
26
Hollywood, California
Nurse

text: Contestant progress[edit]

text:
Rank
Contestant
Episode

1
2
3
4
5
6
7

1

Amber

WIN
IN
IN
IN
WIN
WIN
BTM
IN
WIN
IN
WIN
WINNER

2

Jamie

WIN
IN
WIN
BTM
IN
IN
WIN
WIN
WIN
WIN
WIN
RUNNER-UP

3

Danny

IN
IN
BTM
IN
IN
WIN
WIN
WIN
BTM
IN
OUT

4

Mike

IN
IN
IN
WIN
WIN
IN
IN
IN
BTM
WIN
OUT

5

Carrie1

IN
IN
IN
IN
IN
IN
BTM
IN
OUT

6

Stephanie1

IN
IN
BTM
IN
IN
WIN
IN
IN
OUT

7

Danielle

IN
WIN
IN
IN
BTM
WIN
OUT

8

Carol

IN
WIN
IN
BTM
BTM
IN
OUT

9

Joe

IN
IN
WIN
WIN
OUT

10

Ken

IN
IN
IN
IN
OUT

11

Lance

BTM
IN
OUT

12

Benji

BTM
IN
OUT

13

Muneerah

OUT

14

Casey

OUT

text: ^Note 1 : In Episode 3 Team Anne (red team) won the first challenge, she therefore got to choose one person from Team Bobby (blue team) to go to her team, and then chose one person from her team to go to the other team. She chose Stephanie to go to Team Bobby's team and chose Carrie from Team Bobby's team to join her team.

text: Season 6: 2015[edit]

text: Tyler Florence joins Anne Burrell to host seasons 6, replacing Bobby Flay after 3 seasons. The season premiered on January 4, 2015 to 2,123,000 viewers.[11] The second episode was lower at 1,456,000 viewers,[12] with the third episode rising to 1,732,000 viewers[13] and the fourth episode reached 1,689,000 viewers.[14] the 5th episode reached 1,634,000 viewers. The sixth episode received 1.55 million viewers.[15]

text: Recruits[edit]

text:
Contestant
Age
Hometown
Occupation
Status

Kristen Redmond
25
Austin, Texas
Singer/Songwriter
Winner February 15

Genique Freeman
33
Fayetteville, North Carolina
Esthetician
Runner-up February 15

Leopold "Leo" Nunan
36
Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
Performance Artist
Eliminated February 8

Sarah Bettendorf
33
Los Angeles, California
Art Teacher

Norman Wilson
46
Detroit, Michigan
Executive Protection
Eliminated February 1

Sharif Dean
27
Los Angeles, California
Personal Trainer

David Eric Rosenberg
51
Las Vegas, Nevada
Theatre Usher
Eliminated January 25

Kortni Montgomery
25
New Orleans, Louisiana
Customer Service Rep

Michael "Six" Muldoon
25
Queens, New York
Magician
Eliminated January 18

Mike Kennedy
45
Scottsdale, Arizona
Private Investigator

Stephanie Streisand*
25
Los Angeles, California
Writer
Withdrew January 11

Susie Babin
61
Bush, Louisiana
Retired
Eliminated January 11

Jason Dixon
30
Chicago, Illinois
Artist
Eliminated January 5

Christina Oster
38
Zion, Illinois
Single Mom

text: Contestant Stephanie Streisand was deemed too ill to continue on January 11

text: Contestant progress[edit]

text:
Rank
Contestant
Episode

1
2
3
4
5
6
7

1

Kristen

IN
WIN
WIN
IN
IN
WIN
BTM
IN
WIN
WIN
WIN
WINNER

2

Genique

IN
IN
WIN
IN
IN
WIN
IN
IN
WIN
WIN
WIN
RUNNER-UP

3

Leo

IN
IN
IN
IN
IN
IN
WIN
IN
BTM
WIN
OUT

4

Sarah

WIN
IN
IN
BTM
BTM
IN
WIN
WIN
BTM
WIN
OUT

5

Norman

WIN
IN
IN
IN
BTM
IN
IN
WIN
OUT

6

Sharif

IN
WIN
BTM
WIN
IN
IN
BTM
IN
OUT

7

David

BTM
IN
BTM
IN
WIN
BTM
OUT

8

Kortni

BTM
IN
BTM
BTM
WIN
BTM
OUT

9

Six

IN
IN
IN
IN
OUT

10

Mike

IN
BTM
IN
IN
OUT

11

Stephanie

IN
IN
WDR

12

Susie

IN
BTM
OUT

13

Jason

OUT

14

Christina

OUT

text: Season 7: Celebrity Edition[edit]

text: Rachael Ray joins Anne Burrell to host season 7. The winner earns a $50,000 donation for their chosen charity. Because this season had only 7 total recruits, each team's worst recruit from that week's Main Dish challenge competed head to head in a quickfire elimination challenge instead of eliminating both recruits each week. This challenge involved more basic cooking techniques (e.g. knife skills) and the winner would be decided by a blind judging from both Anne and Rachael. The winning recruit stayed in the competition while the losing recruit was eliminated.

text: Recruits[edit]

text:
Contestant
Age
Occupation
Status

Jenni "JWoww" Farley
29
Reality Television Star
Winner October 28

Kendra Wilkinson
30
Former Playboy Model & Television Personality
Runner-up October 28

Ellen Cleghorne
49
Saturday Night Live Actress
Eliminated October 21

Barry Williams
60
The Brady Bunch Actor
Eliminated October 14

Chris Soules
33
The Bachelor Star
Eliminated October 7

Jaleel White
38
Actor, Television Host
Eliminated September 30

Dean Cain
48
Television Actor
Eliminated September 23

text: Contestant progress[edit]

text:
Rank
Contestant
Episode

1
2
3
4
5
6

1

Jenni

IN
WIN
IN
WIN
WIN
WINNER

2

Kendra

IN
WIN
BTM
WIN
BTM
RUNNER-UP

3

Ellen

WIN
IN
WIN
BTM
OUT

4

Barry

BTM
BTM
WIN
OUT

5

Chris

WIN
IN
OUT

6

Jaleel

IN
OUT

7

Dean

OUT

text: Season 8: 2016[edit]

text: Tyler Florence joins Anne Burrell to host season 8.

text: Recruits[edit]

text:
Contestant
Age
Hometown
Occupation
Status

Nick Slater
24
Rancho Cucamonga, California
Construction Worker
Winner February 14

Lawrence Crawford
26
Deptford, New Jersey
Army Combat Medic
Runner-up February 14

Ginny Meerman
50
Millersville, Maryland
Project Supervisor
Eliminated February 7

Taylor Hooper
24
Boston, Massachusetts
Marine Veteran

Holgie Forrester
66
Twentynine Palms, California
Retired/Actress
Eliminated January 31

Chanda Havard
36
Chicago, Illinois
Real Estate Agent

Donna Koen
60
Newburyport, Massachusetts
Lunch Lady & Hairdresser
Eliminated January 24

Rachel Thomas
27
Tampa, Florida
Stay-at-Home Wife

Ernie Adkins
44
Mardela Springs, Maryland
Truck driver
Eliminated January 17

Glenda Galeano
40
Miami, Florida
Event Coordinator/Actress

Ty Snow
39
Pasadena, California
Special Education Teacher
Eliminated January 10

Cindy Nguyen
28
Las Vegas, Nevada
Bartender

David Fouts
42
Wales, Wisconsin
Senior Project Manager
Eliminated January 4

Jeni Erdman
51
Dousman, Wisconsin
Group Tour Coordinator

text: Contestant progress[edit]

text:
Rank
Contestant
Episode

1
2
3
4
5
6
7

1

Nick

WIN
WIN
IN
IN
IN
IN
IN
IN
TIE
WIN
WINNER

2

Lawrence

IN
IN
IN
IN
IN
IN
WIN
IN
BTM
WIN
RUNNER-UP

3

Ginny

WIN
BTM
WIN
IN
BTM
TIE
IN
WIN
WIN
OUT

4

Taylor

IN
IN
IN
IN
BTM
IN
WIN
WIN
TIE
OUT

5

Holgie

IN
WIN
IN
IN
IN
TIE
BTM
IN
OUT

6

Chanda

BTM
IN
IN
BTM
WIN
WIN
BTM
IN
OUT

7

Donna

IN
BTM
WIN
IN
IN
BTM
OUT

8

Rachel

BTM
IN
BTM
WIN
WIN
BTM
OUT

9

Ernie

IN
BTM
IN
IN
OUT

10

Glenda

IN
BTM
BTM
BTM
OUT

11

Ty

IN
IN
OUT

12

Cindy

IN
IN
OUT

13

David

OUT

14

Jeni

OUT

text: Season 9: Celebrity Edition 2[edit]

text: Rachael Ray returns with Anne Burrell to host season 2 of the Celebrity Edition. The winner earns a $50,000 donation for their chosen charity. The season premiered on September 14, 2016 to 1,185,000 viewers.[16]

text: Recruits[edit]

text:
Contestant
Age
Occupation
Status

Loni Love
44
The Real Co-Host & Comedian
Winner November 2

Nicole Sullivan
46
Former MadTV Star, Comedian, & Actress
Runner-up November 2

John Henson
49
Former Talk Soup & Wipeout host
Eliminated October 26

Mike Situation Sorrentino
34
Reality Television Personality

Matt Dallas
33
Television Actor & YouTube Personality
Eliminated October 19

Mindy Cohn
50
The Facts of Life & Scooby-Doo Actress
Eliminated October 12

Tommy Davidson
52
Comedian & Actor
Eliminated September 28

Barbara Eden
85
Film & Television Actress (I Dream of Jeannie & Harper Valley P.T.A.)
Eliminated September 21

Kenya Moore
45
Miss USA 1993 & The Real Housewives of Atlanta Star
Eliminated September 14

text: Contestant progress[edit]

text:
Rank
Contestant
Episode

1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8

1
Loni
IN
IN
TIE
IN
WIN
IN
IN
WINNER

2
Nicole
IN
WIN
IN
BTM
WIN
IN
IN
RUNNER-UP

3
John
WIN
WIN
BTM
WIN
IN
BTM
OUT

4
Mike
IN
BTM
WIN
WIN
IN
WIN
OUT

5
Matt
WIN
IN
IN
IN
BTM
OUT

6
Mindy
IN
IN
TIE
BTM
OUT

7
Tommy
IN
IN
OUT

8
Barbara
BTM
OUT

9
Kenya
OUT

text: Season 10: 2017[edit]

text: Rachael Ray joins Anne Burrell to host season 10. The season premiered on January 1, 2017.[17]

text: Recruits[edit]

text:
Contestant
Age
Hometown
Occupation
Status

Daniel Mar
35
Burbank, California
Photographer
Winner March 5

Ann Odogwu
34
Houston, Texas
Flight Attendant
Runner-Up March 5

Laura Docker
36
Fort Worth, Texas
Lawyer
Eliminated February 26

Mandy Thornton
24
Hanover, Massachusetts
Medical Assistant

Adam Cooke
32
Rancho Cucamonga, California
Auto Mechanic
Eliminated February 19

Brittany Lenore
27
Chicago, Illinois
Spiritual Speaker

Jeff West
36
Douglassville, Pennsylvania
Vending Machine President
Eliminated February 12

Kayla Kurtz
27
Kent, Ohio
Stay-at-Home Mom
Eliminated January 29

Maria Marcello
40
Torrance, California
Stay-at-Home Mom

Matt Josephs
35
Richmond, Virginia
Sports Radio Producer
Eliminated January 22

Jake Michaels
21
Manteno, Illinois
Model & Singer
Eliminated January 15

Jetta Linda Ostrofsky
66
Sacramento, California
Retired

Stephen Hawkins
67
Temecula, California
Retired
Eliminated January 8

Buffy Mykkanen
29
Portland, Oregon
Tech Support

Cedrick Miller
22
El Paso, Texas
Cashier
Eliminated January 1

Lester Turchin
65
Fort Lauderdale, Florida
Retired

text: Contestant progress[edit]

text:
Rank
Contestant
Episode

1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10

1

Daniel

IN
IN
WIN
BTM
BTM
IN
IN
IN
WIN
IN
IN
IN
WINNER

2

Ann

WIN
IN
IN
WIN
BTM
BTM
IN
BTM
IN
SAVE
IN
IN
RUNNER-UP

3

Mandy

IN
IN
IN
TIE
IN
WIN
WIN
BTM
IN
BTM
IN
OUT

4

Laura

IN
WIN
IN
IN
IN
WIN
IN
BTM
WIN
WIN
IN
OUT

5

Brittany

WIN
IN
IN
TIE
WIN
IN
IN
BTM
IN
WIN
OUT

6

Adam

IN
IN
BTM
BTM
IN
IN
IN
WIN
IN
IN
OUT

7

Jeff

IN
WIN
IN
IN
IN
BTM
IN
WIN
IN
OUT

8

Maria

IN
IN
WIN
IN
WIN
OUT

9

Kayla

IN
IN
IN
TIE
SAVE
OUT

10

Matt

IN
IN
IN
IN
OUT

11

Jetta

IN
IN
BTM
OUT

12

Jake

BTM
IN
IN
OUT

13

Stephen

BTM
IN
OUT

14

Buffy

IN
IN
OUT

15

Cedrick

OUT

16

Lester

OUT

text: In Episode 6, Both Chef Anne and Chef Rachael decided not to send anyone from their teams home.

text: Season 11: Celebrity Edition 3[edit]

text: Rachael Ray returns with Anne Burrell to host season 3 of the Celebrity Edition. The season premiered on August 23, 2017[18][19]

text: Recruits[edit]

text:
Contestant
Age
Occupation
Status

Perez Hilton
39
Gossip Blogger
Winner October 11

Melissa Peterman
46
Actress & Comedienne
Runner-up October 11

Nora Dunn
65
Actress & Comedienne
Eliminated October 4

Vivica A. Fox
53
Actress
Eliminated October 4

Sean Lowe
33
Reality Star
Eliminated September 27

Carmen Electra
45
Model & Actress
Withdrew September 13 due to injuries

Carson Kressley
47
TV Personality
Eliminated September 6

Erik Estrada
68
Star of CHiPs
Eliminated August 30

text: •Note: Vivica was originally eliminated on September 20. In Episode 7, airing on October 4, both Vivica and Sean returned to the competition for a redemption skill drill. Vivica won the drill, re-entered the competition and was then eliminated following the main challenge.

text: Contestant progress[edit]

text:
Rank
Contestant
Episode

1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8

1
Perez
IN
IN
IN
IN
IN
WIN
IN
IN
IN
IN
IN
IN
WIN
WINNER

2
Melissa
IN
WIN
IN
WIN
WIN
IN
SAVE
IN
BTM
IN
IN
IN
WIN
RUNNER-UP

3
Nora
SAVE
TIE
IN
IN
IN
IN
IN
IN
IN
IN
BTM
IN
OUT

4
Vivica
IN
IN
IN
IN
WIN
TIE
SAVE
IN
OUT

RTN
OUT

5
Sean
IN
IN
IN
IN
BTM
TIE
IN
IN
IN
IN
OUT

6
Carmen
BTM
IN
BTM
WIN
IN
WDR

7
Carson
IN
TIE
WIN
IN
OUT

8
Erik
IN
TIE
OUT

text: Season 12: 2018[edit]

text: Tyler Florence joins Anne Burrell to host season 12.

text: Recruits[edit]

text:
Contestant
Age
Hometown
Occupation
Status

Hazell Mckenzie
36
Brooklyn, New York
Graduate Student
Winner March 11

Steven Crowley
31
New York, New York
Real Estate Broker
Runner-Up March 11

Asaf Goren
25
Los Angeles, California
Dancer
Eliminated March 4

Sharon Shvarzman
32
Staten Island, New York
Drag Performer

Shatima Ruffin
34
Hampton Roads, Virginia
Receptionist
Eliminated February 25

Lacey Stout
28
Collinsville, Oklahoma
Stay-at-Home Mom

Robyn Hayden
31
Charleston, South Carolina
Balloon Artist
Eliminated February 18

Brandon Arroyo
27
Cleveland, Ohio
Sports Reporter
Eliminated February 11

Spencer Nick
25
Chicago, Illinois
Graduate Student

Sylvia Jefferies
47
Charleston, South Carolina
Stay-at-Home Mom
Quit January 28

Lily Frey
63
Anaheim, California
Retired
Eliminated January 28

Skyler Nick
25
Chicago, Illinois
Graduate Student
Eliminated January 21

Priscilla Nguyen
26
Hattiesburg, Mississippi
Receptionist
Eliminated January 14

Kevin Pettice
24
Charlotte, North Carolina
Administrative Assistant

Kayrene Curtis
44
Rocky River, Ohio
Stay-at-Home Mom
Eliminated January 7

Jonathan Farhat
37
Livermore, California
Safety Professional

text: Contestant progress[edit]

text:
Rank
Contestant
Episode

1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10

1

Hazell

WIN
IN
IN
IN
IN
IN
IN
WIN
WIN
WINNER

2

Steven

BTM
IN
WIN
IN
IN
BTM
WIN
WIN
WIN
RUNNER-UP

3

Sharon

WIN
IN
IN
WIN
WIN
IN
WIN
BTM
OUT

4

Asaf

IN
IN
WIN
IN
IN
WIN
IN
BTM
OUT

5

Lacey*

IN
IN
IN
IN
BTM
IN
WIN
OUT

6

Shatima

IN
IN
BTM
BTM
BTM
WIN
BTM
OUT

7

Robyn

IN
IN
IN
WIN
BTM
BTM
OUT

8

Brandon

IN
WIN
IN
BTM
WIN
OUT

9

Spencer*

BTM
IN
BTM
IN
BTM
OUT

10

Lily

IN
WIN
IN
OUT

11

Sylvia

IN
BTM
BTM
QUIT

12

Skyler

IN
BTM
OUT

13

Priscilla

IN
OUT

14

Kevin

IN
OUT

15

Jonathan

OUT

16

Kayrene

OUT

text: In episode 5, contestants Lacey and Spencer switch teams instead of being eliminated, Lacey on Chef Anne's Team and Spencer on Chef Tyler's team.

text: Season 13: Celebrity Edition 4[edit]

text: Tyler Florence returns with Anne Burrell to host season 4 of the Celebrity Edition. This is the first Celebrity Edition to not feature Rachael Ray as a judge. The season premiered on April 15, 2018.[20]

text: Recruits[edit]

text:
Contestant
Age
Occupation
Status

La Toya Jackson
61
Singer & Icon
Winner May 20

Ian Ziering
53
Actor
Runner-Up May 20

Catherine Bach
64
The Dukes of Hazzard Star
Eliminated May 13

Oscar Nunez
59
The Office Star

Maria Bamford
48
Comedienne
Eliminated May 6

Nolan Gould
19
Modern Family Star
Eliminated April 29

Bronson Pinchot
58
Actor
Eliminated April 22

text: Contestant Progress[edit]

text:
Rank
Contestant
Episode

1
2
3
4
5
6

1

La Toya

WIN
WIN
WIN
WIN
WIN
WINNER

2

Ian

WIN
IN
WIN
WIN
WIN
RUNNER-UP

3

Catherine

IN
WIN
IN
BTM
OUT

4

Oscar

BTM
BTM
BTM
IN
OUT

5

Maria

IN
IN
IN
OUT

6

Nolan

SAVE
IN
OUT

7

Bronson

IN
OUT

text: Judging Records[edit]

text:
Judge
Wins
Losses

Anne Burrell
8
5

Bobby Flay
2
1

Rachael Ray
2
2

Tyler Florence
1
3

Beau MacMillan
0
1

Robert Irvine
0
1


document_title: Diamond mining in India

question_text: which place is famous for diamonds in india

text: Diamond mining in India

text: History[edit]

text: Ancient times[edit]

text: Diamond mining as an industry appears to have originated between 800 and 600 B.C. in India.[2]

text: Accounts of early Indian diamond mining that reached Europe were often mixed with myths. Around 400 B.C., the Greek physician Ctesias published Indika, a compilation of travelers' tales about India (he himself had never been to India). He described incredibly rich diamond deposits guarded by griffins. Pliny the Elder, in his Natural History (79 A.D.), correctly described diamonds being washed from river gravel in India.

text: Medieval period (1200 to 1800 A.D.)[edit]

text: Diamonds were reported from numerous places across India, but most of the diamond mining took place by placer mining in the drainages of the Pennar and Krishna rivers in modern Andhra Pradesh state. Placer mining took place along the Krishna River for 300 km below Sangram. The most intensive mining was in a 60 km zone along the river, from the Kollur Mine to Paritala. This area was the source of many legendary gems, including the Koh-i-noor, Nizam, Hope, Regent, Great Mogul, and Orlov diamonds.[3]

text: India's unique status as a producer of diamonds continued to fascinate Europeans. Marco Polo traveled along the coast of India in 1292, and recorded tales he heard about diamonds being found in deep mountain valleys made nearly inaccessible by heat, lack of water, and venomous snakes.[4] The French traveler Jean Baptiste Tavernier visited the Krishna River diggings in 1665, and estimated that about 60,000 people were mining diamonds.

text: The town of Karwan, near the fortress city of Golkonda, now a suburb of Hyderabad, became the world's largest diamond-cutting and diamond-trading center. Golconda was not close to diamond mines, but owed its status as a diamond center to its location on a major trade route from the mines to the south and east. The diamonds became known as Golconda Diamonds, and in Europe, the word Golconda came to mean a place of great wealth.

text: India continued to be the world's leading source - and nearly the only source - of diamonds until diamonds were discovered in Brazil in 1726. At first, Brazilian diamonds were reputed to be inferior, and did not command as high a price as the Indian article. To obtain better prices, Portuguese traders began shipping Brazilian diamonds through Goa, and then to Europe to be sold as genuine Golconda diamonds. Indian diamond mining declined rapidly in the 1700s, due to a combination of exhaustion of known deposits and competition from Brazil.[5]

text: Diamond mining in the Panna region around 1675 AD was initiated during the rule of Chhatrasal, the Bundela ruler.[6]. Diamond mining has continued in Panna region.[7]

text: Recent mining in Panna region (Bundelkhand)[edit]

text: As of 2017, there was one industrial-scale diamond mine in India, the Majhgawan mine, near the town of Panna, Madhya Pradesh. The deposit is in a kimberlite or lamproite pipe 6.5 ha in area, and yields 10 carats to the ton. Mining is done by an open pit, which was 85 m deep as of 2011. Exploration drilling has established that the pipe continues down to at least 330 m.[8] The mine is owned by the National Mineral Development Corporation (NMDC), employs 199 people, and has a productive capacity of 84,000 carats per year. The mine began regular production in 1967, and to date, has yielded slightly more than a million carats of diamonds.[9]

text: There are also numerous artisanal-scale mines. In the Panna mining district, the Madhya Pradesh government leases 8x8m plots to individuals, who wash the gravel for diamonds. All diamonds found are required to be handed over to the government diamond office in Panna, which markets the gems, and gives the sales proceeds to the finders, less taxes and 11.5 percent royalty. In 2016, there were officially 952 artisanal mines, which yielded 835 carats of diamonds. However, there is an unknown number of small illegal mines, and an unknown amount of diamonds sold on the black market.[10]

text: The Rio Tinto Group discovered the Bunder diamond deposit in 2004 in Chhatarpur district near Buxwaha. The deposit is in an ecologically sensitive area. In February 2017, Rio Tinto quit work on the project, and gave the deposit and all on-site equipment to the state government of Madya Pradesh.[11]


document_title: Construction loan

question_text: when are funds dispersed on a construction loan

text: Construction loan

text: Underwriting of loans[edit]

text: Almost all lenders are concerned that their money lent is repaid, so underwriting of construction loans usually focuses on how that might occur.

text: In the most basic situation, that of an individual building a home for themselves, a business building a property for business use, or an investor building a property to rent out, the fundamental guideline is for the lender to imagine once the loan has been fully extended and converted into a normal mortgage and the building is occupied, whether the individual, business, or investor can afford to pay back the loan on a monthly basis. In the case of the individual, where the lender attempts to predict whether the individual can pay each month the loan payment that would occur once the person moves into the house, the lender would be primarily looking at the amount of income the individual receives. In the case of the business, a similar analysis would occur. In the case of an investor building rental property, a special appraisal would be ordered which would attempt to predict what the rents will be and whether they will be enough to pay back the loan, plus all expenses and still give the renter a certain minimum amount of income. The key point here is that no matter how valuable the building might be once completed, almost no lender would extend a loan for more than what the occupier could afford, because even though they will not have to make any payments during construction they would have to make monthly payments once completed and there can be no assurance that the owner would pay down the loan enough to make the monthly payments affordable once the project is completed.

text: Beyond this guideline, the next most common rule is a minimum cash injection requirement. Even if, for example, a business might be able to afford a monthly payment of a loan high enough to pay for the entire construction project, many lenders would require them to instead use a certain minimum portion of their own cash to complete the project. The reason for this is both to psychologically and economically tie in the owner with the project (hopefully making it less likely that they would walk away from the project if something goes wrong), and to give the lender a cushion whereby if something goes wrong they are more likely to be able to sell the real estate at a value that would better cover the loan amount. This guideline is often termed a "loan to cost" requirement, i.e. the lender will only loan up to 85% of the project costs.

text: The final major guideline is the maximum loan amount the lender will allow relative to the completed value of the project. This rule is designed to help ensure that, after the project is completed, if the borrower stops paying the payment, the lender can sell the property and hopefully recoup all the funds loaned.

text: Construction Loans are often extended for developers who are seeking to build something but sell it immediately after building it. In this case, a special appraisal is ordered to attempt to predict the future sales value of the project. The first guideline above, affordability, is usually not used because the owner would immediately attempt to sell the property. However, it is used sometimes for example when a developer is building condominia, the lender might evaluate whether if the project was changed from condominia to apartments if the rents received would more than repay the loan each month. Cash injection requirements are often higher due to the added risk (the immediate need to sell). The loan to value requirements however are often the most impactful. This is because the value is often calculated differently then how people might assume. For example, if a developer is building a 20 unit condominium project, a lender might not just loan a certain percentage of the predicted future total value of the condominia, but only a certain percentage of the value of the condominium project if, because of an emergency or unforeseen circumstance, the entire building had to be sold at once to one buyer (known as a bulk sale). Since the realizable sales price in this case might be much lower, the maximum loan many lenders would extend would be much lower.

text: Usual arrangements[edit]

text: Funds are taken from the loan through a process referred to as a "draw". A draw is the method by which funds are taken from the construction budget to pay material suppliers and contractors. Each lender has different requirements for processing a draw. For example, some allow the borrower to request draws online, while others require paperwork and periodic inspections. This process helps ensure that the loan proceeds are actually used for the construction and that the construction process is moving smoothly. The borrower is only charged interest on the amount borrowed at any one point.

text: Instead of paying each month during construction, almost all construction loans in the United States have extra funds borrowed right away and stored in a locked account known as an "interest reserve". Each month the monthly payments are taken from the account so that the borrower does not have to start paying out of pocket until the project is completed.

text: In Australia, progress draws are interest only to minimise the outgoings for the borrower. Once the construction has been completed the loan reverts to the requested payment option the borrower selected at underwriting (either interest only or principal and interest).

text: Construction Management[edit]

text: Besides the underwriting guidelines detailed above, most lenders attempt to mitigate their risk in a variety of ways. The first involves due diligence on the general contractor, architect, soil upon which the property is to be built, environmental inspections, and appraisals. Then, while the construction process is ongoing, the lenders carefully inspect progress both to ensure construction is proceeding smoothly, as well as to ensure that all workers are being paid so that the security of the loan by the real estate is not violated by a mechanics lien.


document_title: How It Feels To Be Colored Me

question_text: where was how it feels to be colored me published

text: How It Feels To Be Colored Me

text: How It Feels To Be Colored Me (1928) is an essay by Zora Neale Hurston published in World Tomorrow as a "white journal sympathetic to Harlem Renaissance writers"[1], illustrating her circumstance as an African American woman in the early 20th century in America. Most of Hurston's work involved her "Negro" characterization that were so true to reality, that she was known as an excellent anthropologist, "As an anthropologist and as an African- American writer during the Harlem Renaissance, Hurston was uniquely situated to explore the critical possibilities of marginality."[2][3]

text: Coming from an all- black community in Eatonville, Florida, she lived comfortably due to her father holding high titles, John Hurston was a local Baptist preacher and the mayor of Eatonville. After the death of her mother in 1904, at the age of nine years old, Hurston was forced to live with relatives in Jacksonville who worked as domestic servants. In her essay Hurston references Jacksonville where she describes that she felt "thrown against a sharp white background". Eatonville and Jacksonville became the main influential settings for her essay "How it Feels To Be Colored Me" and her novel Their Eyes Were Watching God. In both writings Hurston begins to investigate the true meaning of individuality and personality, through the usage of anecdotes, imagery, tone, and figurative language. Hurston's writings allow the reader to understand "personal expression to the arena of public discourse without losing the ties to their home cultures and languages"[4]

text: Plot summary[edit]

text: Hurston begins the essay about her childhood in the town of Eatonville, Florida, where Hurston is the main character. Hurston describes how she sits on her front porch watching white people pass though her town. She greets her neighbors, dances and sings for the visiting white people. In return she receives money. Hurston becomes comfortable with her surroundings in the small town of Eatonville. At the age of thirteen her mother passes away and Hurston was sent away to leave her home in Jacksonville to attend a boarding school. At this point, Hurston is referred to as just another “colored girl.”[2] She then elaborates how Eatonville was a safe zone for her since it was considered a “colored town”[2](358). As time progressed, she realized the difference between herself and others surrounding her: her skin. She begins to feel a sense of isolation and loneliness. Although, Hurston claims that she does not consider herself “tragically colored” but a regular human being, “At times I have no race, I am me”[2](359). She mentions her experience at a jazz club with a white friend, where through the music she expresses the racial difference and distance between their lives. She concludes her essay acknowledging the difference but refuses the idea of separation. “I have no separate feeling about being an American citizen and colored”[2] (360). She explains that if the racial roles were reversed, and blacks discriminated against whites, the outcome is the same for a white person’s experience amongst black people. In her final paragraph, she compares herself to a brown paper bag filled with random bits, just as everyone around her is a different colored paper bag filled with small bits and pieces that make each unique. Hurston concludes that every race is essential and special to the “Great Stuffer of Bags.”[2] She encourages one not to focus on race, but one’s self-awareness and the similarities we all have in common.

text: Historical background[edit]

text: Hurston has written plays, essays, poetry, short stories, and novels with an emphasis on folkloric foundation. She graduated from Columbia University as an anthropologist. Some scholars claim “Hurston belonged to the Depression- era group of black writers that also included Ralph Ellison and Richard Wright” (Encyclopedia of Women’s Autobiography). Similarly, to other black writers in this era, Hurston used her writings to expose the living conditions of black people, not only to black readers, but white readers. Although, Wright criticized Hurston for falsifying information and the perspective of black living even though Hurston presented social problems in her writing. Hurston and Wright both wrote about the importance of self- identity. Hurston’s work writings emerge from “dislocation and disorientation.” (Encyclopedia of Women’s Autobiography) Hurston’s writing is known to have boldness with “heavy black english dialect.” (Encyclopedia of Women’s Autobiography) Although, some scholars debate whether Hurston’s work is true Harlem Renaissance writing. Margaret Perry’s survey of all literature in the Harlem Renaissance, suggests “Hurston should not be included in the literary canon of the Harlem Renaissance because the bulk of her work appeared after the ‘true time of the Harlem Renaissance’ a period in the years 1925 to 1928.”[5] (Musser 28) Alice Walker was one of many who rediscovered Zora Neale Hurston. Walker had become interested in Hurston’s works and wrote I Love Myself When I Am Laughing… And Then Again When I Am Looking Mean and Impressive: A Zora Neale Hurston Reader in 1979. Similar to Hurston’s parallelism of life and her life in “How It Feels To Be Colored Me”, Walker’s writings were influenced by her own experiences. Walker not only rediscovered Hurston’s works, but revisited the era of the Harlem Renaissance. She placed a huge emphasis towards why the Harlem Renaissance writings were essential and lead the continuation of scholarship and publication of Hurston’s works after 1970.

text: “How It Feels To Be Colored Me” is an essential essay which is linked to the studies of African Literature, Feminist Literature, and African American Studies. Hurston’s essay also reveals her perspective of racial segregation through the usage of anecdotes, imagery, tone, and figurative speech. In the end she concludes we are all one race regardless of color.