document_title: Canadian Open (golf)

question_text: when was the last time a canadian won the canadian open

text: Canadian Open (golf)

text: Tournament[edit]

text: As a national open, and especially as the most accessible non-U.S. national open for American golfers, the event had a special status in the era before the professional tour system became dominant in golf. In the interwar years it was sometimes considered the third most prestigious tournament in the sport, after The Open Championship and the U.S. Open. This previous status was noted in the media in 2000, when Tiger Woods became the first man to win The Triple Crown (all three Opens in the same season) in 29 years, since Lee Trevino in 1971. In the decades preceding the tournament's move to an undesirable September date in 1988, the Canadian Open was often unofficially referred to as the fifth major. Due to the PGA Tour's unfavorable scheduling, this special status has largely dissipated, but the Canadian Open remains a well-regarded fixture on the PGA Tour.

text: The top three golfers on the PGA Tour Canada Order of Merit prior to the tournament are given entry into the Canadian Open. However, prize money won at the Canadian Open does not count towards the Canadian Tour money list.

text: Celebrated winners include Hall of Fame members Leo Diegel, Walter Hagen, Tommy Armour, Harry Cooper, Lawson Little, Sam Snead, Craig Wood, Byron Nelson, Doug Ford, Bobby Locke, Bob Charles, Arnold Palmer, Kel Nagle, Billy Casper, Gene Littler, Lee Trevino, Curtis Strange, Greg Norman, Nick Price, Vijay Singh, and Mark O'Meara. The Canadian Open is regarded as the most prestigious tournament never won by Jack Nicklaus, a seven-time runner-up. Diegel has the most titles, with four in the 1920s.

text: In the early 2000s, the tournament was still being held in early September. Seeking to change back to a more desirable summer date in the schedule, the RCGA lobbied for a better date. When the PGA Tour's schedule was revamped to accommodate the FedEx Cup in 2007, the Canadian Open was rescheduled for late July, sandwiched between three events with even higher profiles (The Open Championship the week prior, the WGC-Bridgestone Invitational the week after, and the PGA Championship the week after that). The tournament counts towards the FedEx Cup standings, and earns the winner a Masters invitation.

text: Courses[edit]

text: Glen Abbey Golf Course has hosted the most Canadian Opens, with 29 to date. Glen Abbey was designed in 1976 by Jack Nicklaus for the Royal Canadian Golf Association, to serve as the permanent home for the championship. In the mid-1990s, the RCGA decided to move the championship around the country, and continues to alternate between Glen Abbey and other clubs. The owner since 2005, Clublink Corp filed an application in October 2015[2] to redevelop the property into a residential community, with offices and retail stores. There was no provision for a golf course in the plan.[3] The Town of Oakville Council responded in August 2017 by declaring the golf course a heritage site under the Ontario Heritage Act. This would make it more difficult for ClubLink to develop the area as it had planned.[4][5] Golf Canada was also concerned since it could not predict whether it could get the necessary permit to hold the Canadian Open at Glen Abbey in 2018 as it had planned.[6]

text: Royal Montreal Golf Club, home of the first Open in 1904, ranks second with nine times hosted. Mississaugua Golf & Country Club has hosted six Opens.

text: Three clubs – Toronto Golf Club, St. George's Golf and Country Club, and Hamilton Golf and Country Club – have each hosted five Opens.

text: Three clubs have each hosted four Opens: Lambton Golf Club, Shaughnessy Golf & Country Club, and Scarboro Golf and Country Club.

text: The championship has for the most part been held in Ontario and Quebec, between them having seen all but nine Opens. New Brunswick had the Open in 1939, Manitoba in 1952 and 1961, Alberta in 1958, and British Columbia in 1948, 1954, 1966, 2005 and 2011.

text: History[edit]

text: The Royal Montreal Golf Club, founded in 1873, is the oldest continuously running official golf club in North America. The club was the host of the first Canadian Open championship in 1904, and has been host to eight other Canadian Opens. The 1912 Canadian Open at the Rosedale Golf Club was famed American golfer Walter Hagen's first professional competition.[7] In 1914, Karl Keffer won the event, being the last Canadian-born champion.

text: Englishman J. Douglas Edgar captured the 1919 championship at Hamilton Golf and Country Club by a record 16-stroke margin;[8] 17-year-old amateur prodigy Bobby Jones (who was coached by Edgar) tied for second. The 1930 Canadian Open at Hamilton was another stellar tournament. Tommy Armour blazed his way around the course over the final 18 holes of regulation play, shooting a 64. Four-time champion Diegel and Armour went to a 36-hole playoff to decide the title. Armour shot 138 (69-69) to defeat Diegel by three strokes.[9]

text: Toronto's St. Andrews Golf Club hosted the Open in 1936 and 1937 – the only course to hold back-to-back Opens until the creation of Glen Abbey – before it felt the impact of the growth of the city, and was ploughed under to allow for the creation of Highway 401. The Riverside Golf and Country Club of Saint John, New Brunswick was host to the 1939 Canadian Open where Harold "Jug" McSpaden was champion. This was the only time the Open has been held in Atlantic Canada.[10]

text: Scarboro Golf and Country Club in eastern Toronto was host to four Canadian Opens: 1940, 1947, 1953, and 1963. Three of these events were decided by one stroke, and the only time the margin was two shots was when Bobby Locke defeated Ed "Porky" Oliver in 1947. With his win at Scarboro in 1947, the golfer from South Africa became just the second non-North American winner of the Canadian Open. Locke fired four rounds in the 60s to finish at 16-under-par, two strokes better than the American Oliver. After the prize presentation Locke was given a standing ovation, and was then hoisted to shoulders by fellow countrymen who were then residents of Canada.

text: In 1948, for the first time, the Canadian Open traveled west of Ontario, landing at Shaughnessy Heights Golf Club in Vancouver, British Columbia, where Charles Congdon sealed his victory on the 16th hole with a 150-yard bunker shot that stopped eight feet from the cup. The following birdie gave him the lead, and Congdon went on to win by three shots.

text: Mississaugua Golf & Country Club has hosted six Canadian Opens: 1931, 1938, 1942, 1951, 1965, and 1974. The 1951 Open tournament was won by Jim Ferrier, who successfully defended the title he had won at Royal Montreal a year earlier. Winnipeg's St. Charles Country Club hosted the 1952 Canadian Open, and saw Johnny Palmer set the 72-hole scoring record of 263, which still stands after more than 60 years. Palmer's rounds of 66-65-66-66 bettered the old 1947 mark set by Bobby Locke by five shots. In 1955, Arnold Palmer captured the Canadian Open championship, his first PGA Tour victory, at the Weston Golf Club.

text: Montreal, Quebec's Laval-sur-le-Lac hosted the 1962 Open where Gary Player was disqualified after the first round, when he recorded the wrong score on the 10th hole. He had won the PGA Championship the week before. Californian Charlie Sifford attended the 1962 Canadian Open in part to raise the profile of African-American players on the PGA Tour. He was one of only 16 of the top 100 players on tour to play there in 1962.

text: Pinegrove Country Club played host to the Canadian Open in 1964 and 1969. Australian Kel Nagle edged Arnold Palmer and Raymond Floyd at the 1964 Open to become, aged almost 44 at the time, the oldest player to win the title. Five years later, Tommy Aaron fired a final-round 64 to force a playoff with 57-year-old Sam Snead. Aaron won the 18-hole playoff, beating Snead by two strokes (70-72).

text: The small town of Ridgeway, Ontario in the Niagara Peninsula was host of the 1972 Open at Cherry Hill Golf Club. A popular choice of venue, it drew rave reviews by the players, specifically the 1972 champion Gay Brewer, who called it the best course he had ever played in Canada, and Arnold Palmer, who suggested the Open be held there again the following year. In 1975, Tom Weiskopf won his second Open in three years in dramatic fashion at the Blue Course of Royal Montreal's new venue, defeating Jack Nicklaus on the first hole of a sudden-death playoff, after almost holing his short-iron approach. Windsor, Ontario's Essex Golf & Country Club was host of the 1976 Canadian Open, where Jack Nicklaus again finished second, this time behind champion Jerry Pate. Essex came to the rescue late in the game, when it was determined that the newly built Glen Abbey was not yet ready to host the Canadian Open. The 1997 Open at Royal Montreal was the first time Tiger Woods ever missed a professional cut, after winning the Masters Tournament a few months before.

text: Angus Glen Golf Club was host to two recent Canadian Opens, 2002 and 2007. In 2007 Jim Furyk became one of a few golfers who have won two consecutive Canadian Open titles, joining James Douglas Edgar, Leo Diegel, Sam Snead and Jim Ferrier. Angus Glen owns the unique distinction of having each of its two courses (North and South) host the Canadian Open.

text: Glen Abbey Golf Club of Oakville, Ontario has hosted 27 Open Championships (1977–79, 1981–96, 1998–2000, 2004, 2008–09, 2013, 2015), and has crowned 22 different champions. The 11th hole at Glen Abbey is widely considered its signature hole, and begins the world-famous valley sequence of five holes from 11 to 15. The picturesque 11th is a 459-yard straightaway par-4, where players tee off 100 feet above the fairway, which ends at Sixteen Mile Creek, just short of the green. John Daly left his mark, and a plaque is permanently displayed on the back tee deck, recounting Daly's attempt to reach the green with his tee shot. His ball landed in the creek.

text: In 2000, Tiger Woods dueled with Grant Waite over the final 18 holes, before finally subduing the New Zealander on the 72nd hole with one of the most memorable shots of his career.[according to whom?] Holding a one-shot advantage, Woods found his tee shot in a fairway bunker, and after watching Waite put his second shot 30 feet from the hole, decided he had no choice but to go for the green[citation needed]. Woods sent a 6-iron which carried a lake and settled on the fringe just past the flag, which was 218 yards away, and then chipped to tap-in range for the title-clinching birdie.[11] With the victory, Woods became only the second golfer to capture the U.S. Open, Open Championship and Canadian Open in the same year, earning him the Triple Crown trophy.

text: In 2009, Mark Calcavecchia scored nine consecutive birdies at the second round, breaking the PGA Tour record.[12]

text: Canadian performances[edit]

text: A Canadian has not won the Canadian Open since Pat Fletcher in 1954, and one of the most exciting conclusions ever seen at the Open came in 2004, extending that streak. Mike Weir had never done well at the Glen Abbey Golf Course, the site of the tournament that week. In fact, he had only made the cut once at any of the Opens contested at Glen Abbey. But Weir clawed his way to the top of the leaderboard by Friday. And by the third day at the 100th anniversary Open, he had a three-stroke lead, and many Canadians were buzzing about the possibility of the streak's end. Weir started off with a double bogey, but then went 4-under to keep his 3-stroke lead, with only eight holes left. Yet, with the expectations of Canadian observers abnormally high, there was another roadblock in the way of Mike Weir: Vijay Singh. Weir bogeyed three holes on the back nine but still had a chance to win the tournament with a 10-footer on the 72nd hole. When he missed the putt, the two entered a sudden-death playoff. Weir missed two more chances to win the tournament: a 25-foot putt for eagle on No. 18 on the first hole of sudden-death, and a 5-foot putt on No. 17, the second playoff hole. On the third playoff hole, Weir put his third shot into the water after a horrid drive and lay-up, and Singh was safely on the green in two. Singh won the Open and overtook Tiger Woods as the world's number one player.[13]

text: Canadian David Hearn took a two-shot lead into the final round in 2015. He still had the lead as late as the 15th hole, but was being closely pursued by three players ranked near the top of the Official World Golf Ranking – Bubba Watson, Jim Furyk, and Jason Day. All four golfers had chances to win right until the end. Hearn was overtaken by champion Day's three consecutive birdies to close the round; Day finished one shot ahead of Watson, who also birdied the final three holes, narrowly missing an eagle attempt on a final hole greenside chip that would have tied. Day's fourth career Tour triumph came after he had just missed a potential tying putt on the final hole at the Open Championship the previous week. Hearn finished third, the best result by a Canadian since Weir's near-miss in 2004.[14] In 2016, Canadian amateur Jared du Toit was only one stroke behind going into the final round, allowing him to play in the final group. He finished tied for ninth, three strokes behind eventual winner Jhonattan Vegas.

text: Event titles[edit]

text:
Years
Event title

1904–1993, 2006–2007
Canadian Open

1994–2005
Bell Canadian Open

2008–present
RBC Canadian Open

text: Winners[edit]

text:
George Sargent, winner of the 1912 Canadian Open at Rosedale Golf Club.

Tommy Armour, three-time Canadian Open champion in 1927, 1930 and 1934. Other three-time winners are Sam Snead and Lee Trevino.

Walter Hagen, winner at the 1931 Canadian Open Championship.

Arnold Palmer, 1955 Open winner, his first PGA Tour victory.

Greg Norman, two-time Canadian Open champion in 1984 and 1992.

Tiger Woods, champion of the 2000 Canadian Open and winner of the Triple Crown along with Lee Trevino (1971).

Jim Furyk, back-to-back Canadian Open winner in 2006–07, along with James Douglas Edgar, Leo Diegel, Sam Snead, Jim Ferrier, and Jhonattan Vegas

text:
Year
Player
Country
Score
To par
Margin
of victory
Runner(s)-up
Winner's
share ($)
Purse ($)
Course
Location

2017
Jhonattan Vegas (2)
 Venezuela
267
−21
Playoff
 Charley Hoffman
1,080,000
6,000,000
Glen Abbey Golf Course
Oakville, Ontario

2016
Jhonattan Vegas
 Venezuela
276
−12
1 stroke
 Dustin Johnson
 Martin Laird
 Jon Rahm
1,062,000
5,900,000
Glen Abbey Golf Course
Oakville, Ontario

2015
Jason Day
 Australia
271
−17
1 stroke
 Bubba Watson
1,044,000
5,800,000
Glen Abbey Golf Course
Oakville, Ontario

2014
Tim Clark
 South Africa
263
−17
1 stroke
 Jim Furyk
1,026,000
5,700,000
Royal Montreal Golf Club
Île Bizard, Quebec

2013
Brandt Snedeker
 United States
272
−16
3 strokes
 Jason Bohn
 Dustin Johnson
 Matt Kuchar
 William McGirt
1,008,000
5,600,000
Glen Abbey Golf Course
Oakville, Ontario

2012
Scott Piercy
 United States
263
−17
1 stroke
 Robert Garrigus
 William McGirt
936,000
5,200,000
Hamilton Golf and Country Club
Ancaster, Ontario

2011
Sean O'Hair
 United States
276
−4
Playoff
 Kris Blanks
936,000
5,200,000
Shaughnessy Golf & Country Club
Vancouver, British Columbia

2010
Carl Pettersson
 Sweden
266
−14
1 stroke
 Dean Wilson
918,000
5,100,000
St. George's Golf and Country Club
Toronto, Ontario

2009
Nathan Green
 Australia
270
−18
Playoff
 Retief Goosen
918,000
5,100,000
Glen Abbey Golf Course
Oakville, Ontario

2008
Chez Reavie
 United States
267
−17
3 strokes
 Billy Mayfair
900,000
5,000,000
Glen Abbey Golf Course
Oakville, Ontario

2007
Jim Furyk (2)
 United States
268
−16
1 stroke
 Vijay Singh
900,000
5,000,000
Angus Glen Golf Club (North Course)
Markham, Ontario

2006
Jim Furyk
 United States
266
−14
1 stroke
 Bart Bryant
900,000
5,000,000
Hamilton Golf and Country Club
Ancaster, Ontario

2005
Mark Calcavecchia
 United States
275
−5
1 stroke
 Ben Crane
 Ryan Moore
882,000
4,900,000
Shaughnessy Golf & Country Club
Vancouver, British Columbia

2004
Vijay Singh
 Fiji
275
−9
Playoff
 Mike Weir
810,000
4,500,000
Glen Abbey Golf Course
Oakville, Ontario

2003
Bob Tway
 United States
272
−8
Playoff
 Brad Faxon
756,000
4,200,000
Hamilton Golf and Country Club
Ancaster, Ontario

2002
John Rollins
 United States
272
−16
Playoff
 Neal Lancaster
 Justin Leonard
720,000
4,000,000
Angus Glen Golf Club (South Course)
Markham, Ontario

2001
Scott Verplank
 United States
266
−14
3 strokes
 Bob Estes
 Joey Sindelar
684,000
3,800,000
Royal Montreal Golf Club
Île-Bizard, Quebec

2000
Tiger Woods
 United States
266
−22
1 stroke
 Grant Waite
594,000
3,300,000
Glen Abbey Golf Course
Oakville, Ontario

1999
Hal Sutton
 United States
275
−13
3 strokes
 Dennis Paulson
450,000
2,500,000
Glen Abbey Golf Course
Oakville, Ontario

1998
Billy Andrade
 United States
275
−13
Playoff
 Bob Friend
396,000
2,200,000
Glen Abbey Golf Course
Oakville, Ontario

1997
Steve Jones (2)
 United States
275
−5
1 stroke
 Greg Norman
270,000
1,500,000
Royal Montreal Golf Club
Île-Bizard, Quebec

1996
Dudley Hart
 United States
202
−14
1 stroke
 David Duval
270,000
1,500,000
Glen Abbey Golf Course
Oakville, Ontario

1995
Mark O'Meara
 United States
274
−14
Playoff
 Bob Lohr
234,000
1,300,000
Glen Abbey Golf Course
Oakville, Ontario

1994
Nick Price (2)
 Zimbabwe
275
−13
1 stroke
 Mark Calcavecchia
234,000
1,300,000
Glen Abbey Golf Course
Oakville, Ontario

1993
David Frost
 South Africa
279
−9
1 stroke
 Fred Couples
180,000
1,000,000
Glen Abbey Golf Course
Oakville, Ontario

1992
Greg Norman (2)
 Australia
280
−8
Playoff
 Bruce Lietzke
180,000
1,000,000
Glen Abbey Golf Course
Oakville, Ontario

1991
Nick Price
 Zimbabwe
273
−15
1 stroke
 David Edwards
180,000
1,000,000
Glen Abbey Golf Course
Oakville, Ontario

1990
Wayne Levi
 United States
278
−10
1 stroke
 Ian Baker-Finch
 Jim Woodward
180,000
1,000,000
Glen Abbey Golf Course
Oakville, Ontario

1989
Steve Jones
 United States
271
−17
2 strokes
 Clark Burroughs
 Mark Calcavecchia
 Mike Hulbert
162,000
900,000
Glen Abbey Golf Course
Oakville, Ontario

1988
Ken Green
 United States
275
−13
1 stroke
 Bill Glasson
 Scott Verplank
135,000
900,000
Glen Abbey Golf Course
Oakville, Ontario

1987
Curtis Strange (2)
 United States
276
−12
3 strokes
 David Frost
 Jodie Mudd
 Nick Price
108,000
600,000
Glen Abbey Golf Course
Oakville, Ontario

1986
Bob Murphy
 United States
280
−8
3 strokes
 Greg Norman
108,000
600,000
Glen Abbey Golf Course
Oakville, Ontario

1985
Curtis Strange
 United States
279
−9
2 strokes
 Jack Nicklaus
 Greg Norman
86,507
580,000
Glen Abbey Golf Course
Oakville, Ontario

1984
Greg Norman
 Australia
278
−10
2 strokes
 Jack Nicklaus
72,000
525,000
Glen Abbey Golf Course
Oakville, Ontario

1983
John Cook
 United States
277
−7
Playoff
 Johnny Miller
63,000
425,000
Glen Abbey Golf Course
Oakville, Ontario

1982
Bruce Lietzke (2)
 United States
277
−7
2 strokes
 Hal Sutton
76,500
425,000
Glen Abbey Golf Course
Oakville, Ontario

1981
Peter Oosterhuis
 England
280
−4
1 stroke
 Bruce Lietzke
 Jack Nicklaus
 Andy North
76,500
425,000
Glen Abbey Golf Course
Oakville, Ontario

1980
Bob Gilder
 United States
274
−6
2 strokes
 Jerry Pate
 Leonard Thompson
63,000
350,000
Royal Montreal Golf Club
Île-Bizard, Quebec

1979
Lee Trevino (3)
 United States
281
−3
3 strokes
 Ben Crenshaw
63,000
350,000
Glen Abbey Golf Course
Oakville, Ontario

1978
Bruce Lietzke
 United States
283
−1
1 stroke
 Pat McGowan
50,000
250,000
Glen Abbey Golf Course
Oakville, Ontario

1977
Lee Trevino (2)
 United States
280
−8
4 strokes
 Peter Oosterhuis
45,000
225,000
Glen Abbey Golf Course
Oakville, Ontario

1976
Jerry Pate
 United States
267
−13
4 strokes
 Jack Nicklaus
40,000
200,000
Essex Golf & Country Club
Windsor, Ontario

1975
Tom Weiskopf (2)
 United States
274
−6
Playoff
 Jack Nicklaus
40,000
200,000
Royal Montreal Golf Club
Île-Bizard, Quebec

1974
Bobby Nichols
 United States
270
−10
4 strokes
 John Schlee
 Larry Ziegler
40,000
200,000
Mississaugua Golf & Country Club
Mississauga, Ontario

1973
Tom Weiskopf
 United States
278
−6
2 strokes
 Forrest Fezler
35,000
175,000
Richelieu Valley Golf & Country Club
Ste.-Julie, Quebec

1972
Gay Brewer
 United States
275
−9
1 stroke
 Sam Adams
 Dave Hill
30,000
150,000
Cherry Hill Club
Ridgeway, Ontario

1971
Lee Trevino
 United States
275
−13
Playoff
 Art Wall, Jr.
30,000
150,000
Richelieu Valley Golf & Country Club
Ste.-Julie, Quebec

1970
Kermit Zarley
 United States
279
−9
3 strokes
 Gibby Gilbert
25,000
125,000
London Hunt & Country Club
London, Ontario

1969
Tommy Aaron
 United States
275
−13
Playoff
 Sam Snead
25,000
125,000
Pine Grove Golf & Country Club
St. Luc, Quebec

1968
Bob Charles
 New Zealand
274
−6
2 strokes
 Jack Nicklaus
25,000
125,000
St. George's Golf and Country Club
Toronto, Ontario

1967
Billy Casper
 United States
279
−5
Playoff
 Art Wall, Jr.
30,000
100,000
Montreal Municipal Golf Club
Montreal, Quebec

1966
Don Massengale
 United States
280
−4
3 strokes
 Chi-Chi Rodríguez
20,000
100,000
Shaughnessy Golf & Country Club
Vancouver, British Columbia

1965
Gene Littler
 United States
273
−7
1 stroke
 Jack Nicklaus
20,000
100,000
Mississaugua Golf & Country Club
Mississauga, Ontario

1964
Kel Nagle
 Australia
277
−11
2 strokes
 Arnold Palmer
7,500
50,000
Pine Grove Golf & Country Club
St. Luc, Quebec

1963
Doug Ford (2)
 United States
280
−4
1 stroke
 Al Geiberger
9,000
50,000
Scarboro Golf and Country Club
Scarborough, Ontario

1962
Ted Kroll
 United States
278
−10
2 strokes
 Charlie Sifford
4,300
30,000
Le Club Laval-sur-le-Lac
Laval-sur-le-Lac, Quebec

1961
Jacky Cupit
 United States
270
−10
5 strokes
 Buster Cupit
 Dow Finsterwald
 Bobby Nichols
4,300
30,000
Niakwa Country Club
Winnipeg, Manitoba

1960
Art Wall, Jr.
 United States
269
−19
6 strokes
 Bob Goalby
 Jay Hebert
3,500
25,000
St. George's Golf and Country Club
Toronto, Ontario

1959
Doug Ford
 United States
276
−12
2 strokes
 Dow Finsterwald
 Art Wall, Jr.
 Bo Wininger
3,500
25,000
Islesmere Golf & Country Club
Montreal, Quebec

1958
Wes Ellis
 United States
267
−13
1 stroke
 Jay Hebert
3,500
25,000
Royal Mayfair Golf & Country Club
Edmonton, Alberta

1957
George Bayer
 United States
271
−13
2 strokes
 Bo Wininger
3,500
25,000
Westmount Golf and Country Club
Kitchener, Ontario

1956
Doug Sanders (a)
 United States
273
−11
Playoff
 Dow Finsterwald
2,400
15,000
Beaconsfield Golf Club
Montreal, Quebec

1955
Arnold Palmer
 United States
265
−23
4 strokes
 Jack Burke, Jr.
2,400
15,000
Weston Golf and Country Club
Toronto, Ontario

1954
Pat Fletcher
 Canada
280
−8
4 strokes
 Gordie Brydson
 Bill Welch
3,000
15,000
Point Grey Golf Club
Vancouver, British Columbia

1953
Dave Douglas
 United States
273
−11
1 stroke
 Wally Ulrich
3,000
15,000
Scarboro Golf and Country Club
Scarborough, Ontario

1952
Johnny Palmer
 United States
263
−25
11 strokes
 Fred Haas
 Dick Mayer
3,000
15,000
St. Charles Country Club
Winnipeg, Manitoba

1951
Jim Ferrier (2)
 Australia
273
−7
2 strokes
 Fred Hawkins
 Ed Oliver
2,250
15,000
Mississaugua Golf & Country Club
Mississauga, Ontario

1950
Jim Ferrier
 Australia
271
−17
3 strokes
 Ted Kroll
2,000
10,000
Royal Montreal Golf Club
Dorval, Quebec

1949
E. J. Harrison
 United States
271
−17
4 strokes
 Jim Ferrier
2,000
9,200
St. George's Golf and Country Club
Toronto, Ontario

1948
Charles Congdon
 United States
280
−4
3 strokes
 Vic Ghezzi
 Ky Laffoon
 Dick Metz
2,000
9,000
Shaughnessy Golf & Country Club
Vancouver, British Columbia

1947
Bobby Locke
 South Africa
268
−16
2 strokes
 Ed Oliver
2,000
10,000
Scarboro Golf and Country Club
Scarborough, Ontario

1946
George Fazio
 United States
278
−6
Playoff
 Dick Metz
2,000
9,000
Beaconsfield Golf Club
Montreal, Quebec

1945
Byron Nelson
 United States
280
−8
4 strokes
 Herman Barron
2,000
10,000
Thornhill Golf Club
Thornhill, Ontario

1943–44: Cancelled due to World War II

1942
Craig Wood
 United States
275
−13
4 strokes
 Mike Turnesa
1,000
3,000
Mississaugua Golf & Country Club
Mississauga, Ontario

1941
Sam Snead (3)
 United States
274
−6
2 strokes
 Bob Gray, Jr.
1,000
3,000
Lambton Golf Club
Toronto, Ontario

1940
Sam Snead (2)
 United States
281
−3
Playoff
 Jug McSpaden
1,000
3,000
Scarboro Golf and Country Club
Scarborough, Ontario

1939
Jug McSpaden
 United States
282
+2
5 strokes
 Ralph Guldahl
1,000
3,000
Riverside Country Club
Saint John, New Brunswick

1938
Sam Snead
 United States
277
−11
Playoff
 Harry Cooper
1,000
3,000
Mississaugua Golf & Country Club
Mississauga, Ontario

1937
Harry Cooper (2)
 England
285
+5
2 strokes
 Ralph Guldahl
1,000
3,200
St. Andrews Club
Toronto, Ontario

1936
Lawson Little
 United States
271
−9
8 strokes
 Jimmy Thomson
1,000
3,000
St. Andrews Club
Toronto, Ontario

1935
Gene Kunes
 United States
280
−8
2 strokes
 Vic Ghezzi
500
1,465
Summerlea Golf Club
Montreal, Quebec

1934
Tommy Armour (3)
 United States
287
−1
2 strokes
 Ky Laffoon
500
1,465
Lakeview Golf Club
Toronto, Ontario

1933
Joe Kirkwood Sr.
 Australia
282
−2
8 strokes
 Harry Cooper
 Lex Robson
500
1,465
St. George's Golf and Country Club
Toronto, Ontario

1932
Harry Cooper
 England
290
+2
3 strokes
 Al Watrous
500
1,465
Ottawa Hunt and Golf Club
Ottawa, Ontario

1931
Walter Hagen
 United States
292
+4
Playoff
 Percy Alliss
500
1,485
Mississaugua Golf & Country Club
Mississauga, Ontario

1930
Tommy Armour (2)
 United States
273
−7
Playoff
 Leo Diegel
500
1,475
Hamilton Golf and Country Club
Ancaster, Ontario

1929
Leo Diegel (4)
 United States
274
−6
3 strokes
 Tommy Armour
400
1,320
Kanawaki Golf Club
Kahnawake, Quebec

1928
Leo Diegel (3)
 United States
282
−2
2 strokes
 Archie Compston
 Walter Hagen
 Macdonald Smith
400
1,320
Rosedale Golf Club
Toronto, Ontario

1927
Tommy Armour
 United States
288
E
1 stroke
 Macdonald Smith
400
1,320
Toronto Golf Club
Mississauga, Ontario

1926
Macdonald Smith
 Scotland
283
+3
3 strokes
 Gene Sarazen
500
1,575
Royal Montreal Golf Club
Dorval, Quebec

1925
Leo Diegel (2)
 United States
295
+11
2 strokes
 Mike Brady
500
900
Lambton Golf Club
Toronto, Ontario

1924
Leo Diegel
 United States
285
+1
2 strokes
 Gene Sarazen
400
750
Mt. Bruno Golf Club
St. Bruno, Quebec

1923
Clarence Hackney
 Scotland
295
+7
5 strokes
 Tom Kerrigan
350
580
Lakeview Golf Club
Toronto, Ontario

1922
Al Watrous
 United States
303
+19
1 stroke
 Tom Kerrigan
250
450
Mt. Bruno Golf Club
St. Bruno, Quebec

1921
William Trovinger
 United States
293
+5
3 strokes
 Mike Brady
250
450
Toronto Golf Club
Mississauga, Ontario

1920
James Douglas Edgar (2)
 England
298
+10
Playoff
 Tommy Armour (a)
 Charlie Murray
300
600
Rivermead Golf Club
Aylmer, Quebec

1919
James Douglas Edgar
 England
278
−2
16 strokes
 Jim Barnes
 Bobby Jones (a)
 Karl Keffer
200
435
Hamilton Golf and Country Club
Ancaster, Ontario

1915–18: Cancelled due to World War I

1914
Karl Keffer (2)
 Canada
300
+12
1 stroke
 George Cumming
100
265
Toronto Golf Club
Mississauga, Ontario

1913
Albert Murray (2)
 Canada
295
+15
6 strokes
 Jack Burke Sr.
 Nicol Thompson
100
265
Royal Montreal Golf Club
Dorval, Quebec

1912
George Sargent
 England
299
+19
1 stroke
 Jim Barnes
100
265
Rosedale Golf Club
Toronto, Ontario

1911
Charlie Murray (2)
 Canada
314
+26
2 strokes
 Davie Black
100
265
Royal Ottawa Golf Club
Aylmer, Quebec

1910
Daniel Kenny
 United States
303
+19
4 strokes
 George Lyon (a)
100
265
Lambton Golf Club
Toronto, Ontario

1909
Karl Keffer
 Canada
309
+21
3 strokes
 George Cumming
100
265
Toronto Golf Club
Mississauga, Ontario

1908
Albert Murray
 Canada
300
+20
4 strokes
 George Sargent
80
225
Royal Montreal Golf Club
Dorval, Quebec

1907
Percy Barrett
 England
306
+22
2 strokes
 George Cumming
80
245
Lambton Golf Club
Toronto, Ontario

1906
Charlie Murray
 Canada
170
+26
1 stroke
 George Cumming
 Tom Reith (a)
 Alex Robertson
70
225
Royal Ottawa Golf Club
Aylmer, Quebec

1905
George Cumming
 Canada
148
+8
3 strokes
 Percy Barrett
60
225
Toronto Golf Club
Mississauga, Ontario

1904
Jack Oke
 England
156
+16
2 strokes
 Percy Barrett
60
170
Royal Montreal Golf Club
Dorval, Quebec

text:
Yellow highlight indicates a winner of the Triple Crown of Golf.
Green highlight indicates scoring records.
Source[15]

text: Multiple and consecutive champions[edit]

text: This table lists the golfers who have won more than one Canadian Open.

text:
Deceased golfer †

Major championship winner the same year as the Open win ‡

Major championship winner M

text:
Country
Golfer
Total
Years

 United States
Diegel, LeoLeo Diegel ‡†M
4
1924, 1925, 1928, 1929

 United States
Armour, TommyTommy Armour ‡†M
3
1927, 1930, 1934

 United States
Snead, SamSam Snead M†
3
1938, 1940, 1941

 United States
Trevino, LeeLee Trevino ‡M
3
1971, 1977, 1979TC

 Canada
Murray, CharlesCharles Murray †
2
1906, 1911

 Canada
Murray, AlbertAlbert Murray †
2
1908, 1913

 Canada
Karl Keffer †
2
1909, 1914

 England
Edgar, James DouglasJames Douglas Edgar †
2
1919, 1920

 England
Cooper, HarryHarry Cooper †
2
1932, 1937

 Australia
Ferrier, JimJim Ferrier M†
2
1950, 1951

 United States
Ford, DougDoug Ford M
2
1959, 1963

 United States
Weiskopf, TomTom Weiskopf ‡M
2
1973, 1975

 United States
Lietzke, BruceBruce Lietzke
2
1978, 1982

 United States
Strange, CurtisCurtis Strange M
2
1985, 1987

 Australia
Norman, GregGreg Norman M
2
1984, 1992

 Zimbabwe
Price, NickNick Price ‡M
2
1991, 1994

 United States
Jones, SteveSteve Jones M
2
1989, 1997

 United States
Furyk, JimJim Furyk M
2
2006, 2007

 Venezuela
Jhonattan Vegas
2
2016, 2017

text:
Bolded years and player names means back-to-back wins
TC denotes Triple-Crown winner in 1971.

text: Champions by nationality[edit]

text: This table lists the total number of titles won by golfers of each nationality.

text:
Rank
Country
Wins
Winners
First title
Last title

1
 United States
72
55
1910
2013

T2
 England
8
6
1904
1981

 Australia
8
6
1933
2015

4
 Canada
7
4
1906
1954

T5
 Scotland
3
3
1905
1926

 South Africa
3
3
1947
2014

T6
 Zimbabwe
2
1
1991
1994

 Venezuela
2
1
2016
2017

T8
 New Zealand
1
1
1968

 Fiji
1
1
2004

 Sweden
1
1
2010

text: Trophies[edit]

text:
Canadian Amateur Trophy 1895–1907
The Seagram Gold Cup 1935–1970
The Du Maurier Trophy 1971–1993
Earl Grey Trophy 1908–
RBC Canadian Open Trophy 1994–present
Rivermead Challenge Cup (presented to low Canadian) 1936–1961, 2007–

text: Future sites[edit]

text:
Year
Edition
Course
City
Dates

2018
109th
Glen Abbey
Oakville, Ontario
July 26–29


document_title: Love Island (series 3)

question_text: what episode of love island does georgia come in

root

text: Love Island (series 3)

text: Production[edit]

text: On Valentine's Day, 14 February 2017, it was confirmed that Love Island would return for a third series due to air later in the year,[2] The first trailer for the new series began airing on 28 April 2017.[16] On 24 May 2017 it was confirmed that the series would begin on 5 June 2017.[17] Pictures of the brand new villa were unveiled on 2 June 2017. The villa is located in Mallorca.[18][19]

tag: p

text: Islanders[edit]

text: The Islanders for the third series were revealed on 29 May 2017, just a week before the launch.[20] However, throughout the series, more Islanders entered the villa to find love. Some Islanders were dumped from the island for either failing to couple up, some were voted off by their fellow Islanders, and others for receiving the fewest votes in public eliminations. The series was won by Amber and Kem on 24 July 2017.[10]

text:
Islander

Age

Hometown

Entered

Status

Ref

Amber Davies

20

North Wales

Day 1

Winner (Day 52)

[21]

Kem Cetinay

21

Essex

Day 1

Winner (Day 52)

[22]

Camilla Thurlow

27

Dumfries

Day 1

Runner-up (Day 52)

[23]

Jamie Jewitt

27

Essex

Day 32

Runner-up (Day 52)

[24]

Chris Hughes

24

Cheltenham

Day 4

Third place (Day 52)

[25]

Olivia Attwood

26

Guildford

Day 1

Third place (Day 52)

[26]

Gabby Allen

25

Liverpool

Day 7

Fourth place (Day 52)

[27]

Marcel Somerville

31

London

Day 1

Fourth place (Day 52)

[28]

Alex Beattie

22

Newcastle

Day 26

Dumped (Day 50)

[29]

Montana Brown

21

Hertfordshire

Day 1

Dumped (Day 50)

[30]

Georgia Harrison

22

Essex

Day 34

Dumped (Day 46)

[31]

Sam Gowland

21

Middlesbrough

Day 1

Dumped (Day 23)

[32]

Day 391

Re-dumped (Day 46)

Mike Thalassitis

24

North London

Day 12

Dumped (Day 17)

[33]

Day 391

Re-dumped (Day 44)

Tyla Carr

23

Surrey

Day 19

Dumped (Day 44)

[34]

Theo Campbell

25

Bath

Day 32

Dumped (Day 41)

[24]

Jonny Mitchell

26

Essex

Day 4

Dumped (Day 38)

[25]

Craig Lawson

27

London

Day 26

Dumped (Day 31)

[35]

Nathan Joseph

25

Essex

Day 26

Dumped (Day 31)

[36]

Danielle Sellers

22

Hastings

Day 26

Dumped (Day 31)

[37]

Chyna Ellis

22

Essex

Day 26

Dumped (Day 31)

[38]

Amelia Peters

18

London

Day 26

Dumped (Day 28)

[39]

Dom Lever

26

Manchester

Day 1

Dumped (Day 28)

[40]

Ellisha-Jade White

22

Southampton

Day 26

Dumped (Day 28)

[41]

Marino Katsouris

22

Brighton

Day 26

Dumped (Day 28)

[42]

Rob Lipsett

25

Dublin

Day 26

Dumped (Day 28)

[43]

Shannen McGrath

23

Dublin

Day 26

Dumped (Day 28)

[44]

Steve Ball

25

Wiltshire

Day 26

Dumped (Day 28)

[45]

Simon Searles

28

Leeds

Day 19

Dumped (Day 25)

[46]

Chloë Crowhurst

22

Essex

Day 1

Dumped (Day 23)

[47]

Jessica Shears

23

Devon

Day 1

Dumped (Day 17)

[48]

Tyne-Lexy Clarson

20

Birmingham

Day 7

Dumped (Day 14)

[27]

Harley Judge

22

Norwich

Day 1

Dumped (Day 6)

[49]

tag: table

text: ^Note 1 : Dumped Islanders Mike and Sam both re-entered the villa after being voted back in by the public.

tag: ul

text: Coupling[edit]

text: The couples were chosen shortly after the contestants entered the villa. After all of the girls entered, the boys were asked to choose a girl to pair up with. Marcel was paired with Olivia, Dom with Montana, Sam and Camilla paired up, Amber and Harley coupled up, whilst Chloë paired up with Kem, and Jessica remained single and was told she would be stealing one of the boys the following day.[50] However, throughout the series the couples swapped and changed.

text:
Day 1

Day 6

Day 14

Day 20

Day 24

Day 28

Day 34

Day 41

Final

Amber

Harley

Kem

Kem

Kem

Kem

Nathan

Jonny

Kem

Winner  (Day 52)

Kem

Chloë

Amber

Amber

Amber

Amber

Chyna

Georgia

Amber

Winner  (Day 52)

Camilla

Sam

Jonny

Jonny

Jonny

Jonny

Craig

Jamie

Jamie

Runner-up  (Day 52)

Jamie

Not in Villa

Camilla

Camilla

Runner-up  (Day 52)

Chris

Not in Villa

Chloë

Chloë

Olivia

Olivia

Olivia

Olivia

Olivia

Third place  (Day 52)

Olivia

Marcel

Sam

Mike

Chris

Chris

Chris

Chris

Chris

Third place  (Day 52)

Gabby

Not in Villa

Marcel

Marcel

Marcel

Marcel

Marcel

Marcel

Fourth place  (Day 52)

Marcel

Olivia

Montana

Gabby

Gabby

Gabby

Gabby

Gabby

Gabby

Fourth place  (Day 52)

Alex

Not in Villa

Montana

Montana

Montana

Dumped  (Day 50)

Montana

Dom

Marcel

Sam

Simon

Dom

Alex

Alex

Alex

Dumped  (Day 50)

Georgia

Not in Villa

Kem

Sam

Dumped  (Day 46)

Sam

Camilla

Olivia

Montana

Chloë

Dumped (Day 23)

Georgia

Re-dumped  (Day 46)

Mike

Not in Villa

Olivia

Dumped (Day 17)

Tyla

Re-dumped  (Day 44)

Tyla

Not in Villa

Dom

Simon

N/A

Theo

Mike

Dumped  (Day 44)

Theo

Not in Villa

Tyla

Dumped  (Day 41)

Jonny

Not in Villa

Camilla

Camilla

Camilla

Camilla

Danielle

Amber

Dumped  (Day 38)

Craig

Not in Villa

Camilla

Dumped  (Day 31)

Danielle

Not in Villa

Jonny

Dumped  (Day 31)

Nathan

Not in Villa

Amber

Dumped  (Day 31)

Chyna

Not in Villa

Kem

Dumped  (Day 31)

Dom

Montana

Jessica

Jessica

Tyla

Montana

Dumped  (Day 28)

Marino

Not in Villa

Dumped  (Day 28)

Rob

Not in Villa

Dumped  Day 28)

Steve

Not in Villa

Dumped  (Day 28)

Amelia

Not in Villa

Dumped  (Day 28)

Ellisha-Jade

Not in Villa

Dumped  (Day 28)

Shannen

Not in Villa

Dumped  (Day 28)

Simon

Not in Villa

Montana

Tyla

Dumped (Day 25)

Chloë

Kem

Chris

Chris

Sam

Dumped (Day 23)

Jessica

N/A

Dom

Dom

Dumped (Day 17)

Tyne-Lexy

Not in Villa

Dumped (Day 14)

Harley

Amber

Dumped (Day 6)

Notes

1

2

none

3

none

4

none

text: Notes[edit]

text:
^Note 1 : Jessica arrived after the coupling on Day 1, but was told she would be able to steal a boy for herself on Day 2. She chose Dom.
^Note 2 : As Jessica already coupled up with Dom earlier in the week, they were automatically coupled up during this re-coupling.
^Note 3 : As new Islanders, Simon and Tyla could not couple up during this re-coupling.
^Note 4 : Original Islanders were only given the option to remain in their current couple, or re-couple with one of the new Islanders. As the only single original, Tyla was not given an option and remained single.

text: Casa Amor[edit]

text: On 28 June 2017, it was confirmed that a second villa would be introduced to the show for the first time ever in a twist designed to put the couples to the ultimate test.[7][8] Eleven new Islanders were introduced during this twist.[51] The villa was called "Casa Amor" which translates to Love House, and is located not far from the main villa. The new Islanders for the twist included five girls; Amelia, Chyna, Danielle, Ellisha-Jade and Shannen, as well as six boys; Alex, Craig, Marino, Nathan, Rob and Steve.[52]

text:
On Day 26, the boys in the villa (Chris, Dom, Jonny, Kem and Marcel) were told that they would be briefly leaving the villa for a day out. They were then sent to Casa Amor where they discovered they would be staying there for the next few days. Back in the main villa, the girls (Amber, Camilla, Gabby, Montana, Olivia and Tyla) had to pack the boy's belongings before they were joined by Caroline Flack who revealed the twist to them.[53] Shortly afterwards the girls were joined by the new male Islanders, and the boys in Casa Amor were welcomed by the new female Islanders. That night the Islanders from each villa went head-to-head with each other in a game of sexy charades.[54]
On Day 27, the Islanders in the main villa and Casa Amor once again went head-to-head with each other once again in another challenge. This time each team had to complete and number of challenges in the fastest time possible. The team who completed it the quickest earned a point, and at the end of the round the villa with the most points were rewarded with a party.[55]
On Day 28, the original Islanders were told that they would be re-coupling. They were only given the option to remain in their current couple or to choose one of the new Islanders. However, as the boys and the girls were living in separate villas, they weren't aware of what the other one chose. If one decided to re-couple and the other did not, then the one that did not would be dumped from the island. If both re-coupled then they would both remain in the villa with their new partner, or if they both remained then any remaining single Islanders would be eliminated. Olivia and Chris, and Gabby and Marcel both stayed loyal, whereas Amber and Kem both decided to re-couple with Nathan and Chyna respectively. Camilla and Jonny also decided to re-couple, choosing Craig and Danielle. Elsewhere Montana decided to re-couple with Alex, but Dom stayed loyal and therefore was dumped from the Island.[56] As new Islanders Amelia, Ellisha-Jade, Marino, Rob, Shannen and Steve stayed single, they were eliminated.[57]

text: Weekly summary[edit]

text: The main events in the Love Island villa are summarised in the table below.

text:
Week 1

Entrances

On Day 1, Amber, Camilla, Chloë, Dom, Harley, Jessica, Kem, Marcel, Montana, Olivia and Sam entered the villa.[20]
On Day 4, Chris and Jonny entered the villa.[25]

Coupling

On Day 1, the Islanders coupled up for the first time. After all of the girls entered, the boys were asked to choose a girl to pair up with. Marcel was paired with Olivia, Dom with Montana, Sam and Camilla paired up, Amber and Harley coupled up, whilst Chloë paired up with Kem, and Jessica remained single, however was told she would be stealing one of the boys the following day.[50]
On Day 2, Jessica chose to couple up with Dom, leaving Montana single.[50]
On Day 6, the Islanders re-coupled. This time it was the girls who had to pick a boy to pair up with. As Jessica already coupled up with Dom, they were automatically coupled up during this re-coupling. Montana chose to be with Marcel, Chloë picked Chris, Olivia coupled up with Sam, whilst Amber went with Kem. Camilla also decided to be with Jonny leaving Harley single, and therefore dumping him from the island.

Challenges

On Day 2, the Islanders took part in "A Lot Of Bottle", where the girls were selected at random to answer a question, with one of the boys being the answer. To answer the question the girls had to kiss the chosen boy. The roles then reversed with the boys answering questions about the girls.
On Day 4, the girls hosted a welcome party to introduce the new boys Chris and Jonny.
On Day 5, through touch alone, the girls had to decide which of the boys had the best body. However, as there was a wall between them and the boys they did not know which body belonged to who. In the end Chris was chosen as the winner.
On Day 6, the Islanders took part in a relay lilo race. The winning team received ice lollies.

Dates

On Day 2, as the newest couple, Dom and Jessica left the villa to go on a date.[58]
On Day 4, the public voted for which girls to send on a date with new Islanders Chris and Jonny. Camilla was sent on a date with Jonny, whilst Montana was chosen to date Chris.
On Day 5, as a reward for winning the challenge, Chris was given the opportunity to date a girl of his choice. He chose Chloë.
On Day 5, despite losing the challenge, Sam was given the opportunity to make up for it by going on a date. He chose to date Olivia.

Exits

On Day 6, Harley was eliminated after failing to couple up.[59]

Week 2

Entrances

On Day 7, Gabby and Tyne-Lexy entered the villa.[60]
On Day 12, Mike entered the villa.[61]

Challenges

On Day 7, the Islanders had to do dares that they randomly picked from a cup.
On Day 9, the Islanders took part in a "Kissing Contest" where the girls had to individually kiss each of the boys, then wait for them to rate it. Gabby, Montana and Tyne-Lexy all won the contest in joint first.
On Day 10, the Islanders took part in "Love Island Sports Day".
On Day 12, the girls were given the option to take part in "Battle of the Bootie", with the reward for the winner being a date with a new Islander. The Islanders that decided to take part were Camilla, Chloë, Gabby, Montana and Tyne-Lexy. Tyne-Lexy was the winner of the challenge.[62]

Dates

On Day 8, as a new Islanders, Gabby and Tyne-Lexy were given the opportunity to date two boys. Gabby chose Chris and Marcel, whilst Tyne-Lexy dated Chris and Dom.
On Day 9, Amber and Kem left the villa to go on a date.
On Day 9, Dom and Jessica were chosen by the other Islanders to spend the night in the Hideaway.
On Day 12, after winning a challenge, Tyne-Lexy was rewarded with a date with new Islander Mike.
On Day 13, new Islander Mike was asked to choose three girls to take on a date. He chose Jessica, Montana and Olivia.

Week 3

Entrances

On Day 19, Simon and Tyla entered the villa.[63]

Coupling

On Day 14, the Islanders re-coupled once again. This time it was the boys who had to pick a girl to pair up with. Amber and Kem, Camilla and Jonny, Chloë and Chris, and Jessica and Dom remained together, whilst Sam chose to couple up with Montana, Mike picked Olivia, and Gabby paired with Marcel. As Tyne-Lexy remained single, she was dumped from the island.[64]
On Day 20, the Islanders re-coupled again. As new Islanders, Simon and Tyla were able to pick first. Simon chose Montana, whilst Tyla picked Dom. This time it was the girls who had to pick a boy to pair up with. Amber and Kem, Camilla and Jonny, and Gabby and Marcel remained together, whilst Chloe chose to couple up with Sam, and Olivia went with Chris.[65][66]

Challenges

On Day 15, the Islanders took part in a quiz about their other half. The Islanders wrote down the answers to the questions, and if it matched their partner's then they would score a point. Gabby and Marcel won the challenge with the most points.
On Day 16, the couples made smoothies with a twist. One half of the pair had to pass pieces of fruit to the other pair using their mouth alone, who then blended the fruit to make a smoothie. They then had to pass the smoothie back to their partner using their mouth who then deposited it into a glass. Chris and Chloë won this challenge.[67]
On Day 16, Camilla and Jonny hosted a sex positions quiz for the Islanders, where they read out a number of sex positions, and the first couple who acted them out correctly earned a point.[68]

Dates

On Day 15, after winning a challenge, Gabby and Marcel were rewarded with a hot tub date.[69]
On Day 18, Jonny and Camilla left the villa to go on a date.
On Day 20, new Islanders Simon and Tyla were asked to choose three other Islanders to take on dates. Tyla chose Jonny, Dom and Chris, whilst Simon chose Amber, Montana and Camilla.

Exits

On Day 14, Tyne-Lexy was eliminated after failing to couple up.[70]
On Day 18, after receiving the fewest public votes, Chloë and Chris, Dom and Jessica, and Mike and Olivia were in danger of leaving. The remaining Islanders had to choose one boy and one girl to dump from the island. The boys chose Jessica, whilst the girls chose Mike.[71]

Week 4

Entrances

On Day 26, Alex, Craig, Marino, Nathan, Rob and Steve entered the villa.[72]
On Day 26, Amelia, Chyna, Danielle, Ellisha-Jade and Shannen entered Casa Amor.[73]

Coupling

On Day 24, the Islanders re-coupled once again. This time it was the boys who had to pick a girl to pair up with. Amber and Kem, Camilla and Jonny, Gabby and Marcel, and Olivia and Chris remained together, whilst Simon coupled up with Tyla, and Dom was paired with Montana again.[74]

Challenges

On Day 21, the couples took part in the "Sexiest Pub Quiz" where all the questions were about sex. Marcel and Gabby were the winners of the challenge and were rewarded with video messages from home.[75]
On Day 23, Amber and Kem hosted as the couples took part in "Brits Abroad" where they played a number of British themed games. Simon and Montana were the overall winners.[76]
On Day 25, the Islanders were given quotes which had been said about them in the villa. The Islanders had to throw a drink over the Islander they thought said the quote.[77]
On Day 26, the Islanders in the main villa took on the Islanders in Casa Amor in a game of sexy charades.[78]
On Day 27, the Islanders in the main villa went head-to-head again with the Islanders in Casa Amor, where they took part in a number of challenges. For every challenge won they would earn a point, where the villa with the most points at the end would receive a party.[79]

Dates

On Day 24, Olivia and Chris left the villa to go on a shopping date to buy ingredients which they later cooked for the fellow Islanders.[80]

Exits

On Day 23, the couples voted anonymously for who they thought was the least compatible couple. As Chloë and Sam received the most votes, they were dumped from the island and eliminated.[81]
On Day 25, the public voted for who they thought were the most compatible couple. As Simon and Tyla received the fewest votes, their time in the villa was put at risk. The couples then had to vote for either Simon or Tyla to dump from the island. They chose to eliminate Simon.[82][83]
On Day 26, Chris, Dom, Jonny, Kem and Marcel moved out of the villa and moved into Casa Amor.[84] They returned to the main villa on Day 28.

Week 5

Entrances

On Day 32, Jamie and Theo entered the villa.[85]
On Day 34, Georgia entered the villa.[86]

Coupling

On Day 28, the original Islanders were told that they would be re-coupling. They were only given the option to remain in their current couple or to choose one of the new Islanders. However, as the boys and the girls were living in separate villas, they were not aware of what the other one chose. If one decided to re-couple and the other did not, then the one that did not would be dumped from the island. If both re-coupled then they would both remain in the villa with their new partner, or if they both remained then any remaining single Islanders would be eliminated. Olivia and Chris, and Gabby and Marcel both stayed loyal, whereas Amber and Kem both decided to re-couple with Nathan and Chyna respectively. Camilla and Jonny also decided to re-couple, choosing Craig and Danielle. Elsewhere Montana decided to re-couple with Alex, but Dom stayed loyal and therefore was dumped from the Island.[56] As new Islanders Amelia, Ellisha-Jade, Marino, Rob, Shannen and Steve stayed single, they were eliminated.[57]
On Day 34, the Islanders re-coupled once again, this time it was the boys choosing which girl they wanted to couple up with. However new Islander Georgia was given the first choice. She chose to couple up with Kem. Alex and Montana, Chris and Olivia, Gabby and Marcel all decided to remain together, whilst Jamie picked Camilla, Theo chose Tyla, and Jonny was left blinking severely as he called Theo a "gigantic bellend" with Amber.[87]

Challenges

On Day 30, the Islanders were split into two teams and were each asked questions based on what the public voted in an online poll. The Islanders had to do a poll dance before revealing their answer.[88]
On Day 32, the Islanders took part in a game of "Sexy Beer pong", where as well as drinking a drink, the Islander also had to perform a dare written on the bottom of the cup.
On Day 33, the boys took part in an assault course, however they had to go through trying to look as sexy as possible. During their performances the girls were distracting them by spraying them with paint. The girls then chose Jamie as the winner.[89]

Dates

On Day 29, Alex and Montana were sent to the Hideaway to go on a date.[90]
On Day 32, Amber, Olivia and Tyla were sent on a date with new Islander Theo, whilst Amber, Camilla and Tyla were sent on a date to meet Jamie, another new Islander.
On Day 33, after winning a challenge, Jamie was rewarded with a date with Camilla.[91]

Exits

On Day 28, Amelia, Dom, Ellisha-Jade, Marino, Rob, Shannen and Steve were eliminated after failing to couple up.[92]
On Day 31, the public voted for their favourite boy and girl. As Nathan and Chyna received the fewest votes, they were eliminated. Following this, Marcel was told that he was the boy who received the most votes, and therefore had to choose to dump one more out of Danielle and Tyla, the girls who received the second and third least. He chose Danielle. Montana was then told she was the girl who received the most votes, and was told to choose one of Craig and Jonny to dump, as they also received the second and third least. She chose to dump Craig.[93]

Week 6

Entrances

On Day 39, Mike and Sam re-entered the villa.[9]

Coupling

On Day 41, the Islanders re-coupled once again. This time it was the girls who chose which boy they wanted to re-couple with. Alex and Montana, Camilla and Jamie, Gabby and Marcel, and Olivia and Chris all remained together, whilst Amber chose Kem got back together with Kem, Tyla picked Mike, and Georgia chose Sam. As Theo remained single he was dumped from the island.[94]

Challenges

On Day 38, the couples took part in a number of sausage themed games. Camilla and Jamie were the overall winners.
On Day 40, the boys had to compete to get the girl's heart racing the most in any way possible. Kem was the winner of this challenge.

Dates

On Day 37, Camilla and Jamie spent the night in the Hideaway.[95]
On Day 39, Alex and Montana left the villa to go on a date.[96]

Exits

On Day 38, the public voted for their favourite Islanders. Jonny and Tyla received the fewest votes and were therefore in danger of being dumped. It was then up to those two to decide which of them should leave. Jonny decided to sacrifice himself.[97]
On Day 41, after failing to couple up, Theo was dumped from the island.[98]

Week 7

Challenges

On Day 42, the couples took part in a quiz about each other, where their answers simply had to match each other's. If the answers did not match, the boys would get dunked. Alex and Montana, and Mike and Tyla were joint winners of this challenge.
On Day 44, the Islanders were split into two teams and were given some tweets from viewers about the Islanders but with the names removed. In order to score points, the teams had to burst a balloon and then correctly identify the name of the Islander on the tweet.
On Day 45, the girls took a lie detector test with the boys asking the questions.[99]
On Day 46, the couples had their parenting skills tested by looking after dolls.[100]
On Day 47, the Islanders took part in a talent contest.[101]
On Day 48, the girls each had to complete an undercover assignment without the boys knowing.[102]

Dates

On Day 47, Chris and Olivia, Kem and Amber, and Camilla and Jamie all left the villa to go on their final Love Island date.[103][104][105]
On Day 48, Gabby and Marcel, and Alex and Montana left the villa to go on their final Love Island date.[106][107]

Exits

On Day 44, after receiving the fewest public votes, Mike and Tyla were dumped from the island.[108]
On Day 46, after receiving the fewest public votes, Georgia and Sam were dumped from the island.[109]

Week 8

Challenges

On Day 49, the couples took part in a number of Love Island themed challenges based on popular quotes from the series such as "100% my type on paper" and "Putting all my eggs in one basket".

Exits

On Day 50, having received the most votes to be dumped from their fellow Islanders, Alex and Montana, Camilla and Jamie, and Gabby and Marcel were at risk of being eliminated.[110] The decision then went down to the public, who chose not to save Alex and Montana - and therefore dumped them from the island.[111]

text: Ratings[edit]

text: Official ratings are taken from BARB and include ITV2 +1.[112] Because the Saturday episodes are weekly catch-up episodes rather than nightly highlights, these are not included in the overall averages.

text:
Viewers (millions)

Week 1

Week 2

Week 3

Week 4

Week 5

Week 6

Week 7

Week 8

Sunday

2.08
2.21
2.41
2.76
2.83
2.84
2.88

Monday

1.94
2.04
2.18
2.44
2.65
2.85
2.89
3.06

Tuesday

1.78
2.28
2.18
2.34
2.75
2.77
3.00

Wednesday

1.97
2.33
2.09
2.39
2.65
2.73
2.81

Thursday

2.07
2.24
2.11
2.57
2.80
2.80
2.87

Friday

2.03
2.13
2.21
2.73
2.92
2.74
2.84

Weekly average

1.96

2.18

2.16

2.48

2.76

2.79

2.88

2.97

Running average

1.96

2.07

2.10

2.20

2.31

2.39

2.46

2.52

Series average

2.52

Weekly Hotlist

N/A
0.64
0.69
0.77
0.64
N/A
N/A

Aftersun

0.66
0.75
1.14
1.04
1.17
1.26
1.09

text: The reunion episode that aired on 30 July 2017 had 2.12m viewers.


document_title: Hatfields & McCoys (miniseries)

question_text: where was the hatfields and mccoys mini series filmed

text: Hatfields & McCoys (miniseries)

text: Cast and characters[edit]

text:
Bill Paxton as Randolph "Randall" McCoy
Kevin Costner as William Anderson "Devil Anse" Hatfield
Tom Berenger as Jim Vance
Powers Boothe as Judge Valentine "Wall" Hatfield
Mare Winningham as Sally McCoy
Jena Malone as Nancy McCoy
Boyd Holbrook as William "Cap" Hatfield
Lindsay Pulsipher as Roseanna McCoy
Matt Barr as Johnson "Johnse" Hatfield
Ronan Vibert as Perry Cline
Noel Fisher as Ellison "Cotton Top" Mounts
Sam Reid as Tolbert McCoy
Andrew Howard as "Bad" Frank Phillips
Jilon VanOver as Ransom Bray
Sarah Parish as Levicy Hatfield
Joe Absolom as Selkirk McCoy
Tom McKay as Jim McCoy
Michael Jibson as Phamer McCoy
Greg Patmore as Elias "Good 'Lias" Hatfield
Damian O'Hare as Ellison Hatfield
Nick Dunning as Reverend Garrett

text: Production[edit]

text: The miniseries was History's first aired scripted drama[2] (the network had previously produced a scripted miniseries in 2011, The Kennedys, but decided against airing it in the US).[3]

text: Although the story is set in the Appalachians in West Virginia and Kentucky, the miniseries was shot in Romania, just outside Brașov with the Carpathians standing in for the Appalachians.[4][5]

text: Music[edit]

text: The score for the series was composed by John Debney and Tony Morales, with additional music by Kevin Costner and Modern West.[1] The soundtrack features vocals performed by Lisbeth Scott on The Long Road Down.

text: Reception[edit]

text: Critical reception[edit]

text: The miniseries met with favorable reviews from US critics. Based on 20 reviews from mainstream critics, it received an average score of 68/100 at Metacritic, indicating "generally favorable reviews".[6] Linda Stasi of the New York Post commented:

text:
“
When I first heard about it, my thought was: Why? But that was before I sat through all six hours of this intense saga. Most miniseries this long tend to lose steam somewhere between the beginning of Night 1 and the middle of Night 2. Not this one...The miniseries is full of stand-out performances from great actors... But it's the guys you may not know who will blow you away.[7]
”

text: Entertainment Weekly's Ken Tucker gave the series a B+, stating: "In stretching the tale over three nights, the pacing sags at times, and recriminations can get repetitive. It also doesn't help that Reynolds shot the miniseries in that perpetual sepia tone that gives everything a faux-antique look. But overall, Hatfields & McCoys is engrossing, and enlightening about a feud that proves to be a lot more than the bumpkin brawl of pop legend."[8] Mary McNamara of the Los Angeles Times stated:

text:
“
Although deftly nailed into its time and place with sets and costumes so vivid you can smell the blue wood smoke and the stink of moonshine sweat, Hatfields & McCoys transcends the confines of its age by revealing the feud's posturing, resentments and callous violence that mirror the dynamics of modern urban gangs... It isn't a perfect piece—when faced with a choice between historic detail and story, Hatfields & McCoys errs on the side of detail, which is both the series' greatest strength and weakness.[9]
”

text: Among the negative critics was Verne Gay of Newsday who called the series "violent and dull", adding:

text:
“
What's not to like about Hatfields & McCoys? Simple: the story. It's an uninteresting one, peopled with almost criminally bland characters. In fact, as portrayed here—quite possibly accurately—they're a bunch of bibulous knuckleheads who shoot at each other year after year—or on TV, hour after hour—and have no real idea why. It's an interminable eye-for-eye, tooth-for-tooth narrative.[10]
”

text: Washington Post's Hank Stuever also gave a negative review:

text:
“
The point of the entire saga, it seems, is to make you lose track of what the feudin' was about, and how it managed to burn out of control. It will always be tempting to view their story through any modern analogy of one's choosing—such as partisan political stalemates or the red-blue socioeconomic divide. But maybe the story of the Hatfields and McCoys doesn't amount to anything at all. Maybe, since it also doesn't make much of miniseries, it was meant to be a footnote and nothing more.[11]
”

text: Accolades[edit]

text: Hatfields & McCoys received 16 nominations at the 64th Primetime Emmy Awards, the most since the History Channel began operations.[12] The series was nominated for Outstanding Miniseries or Movie. Kevin Costner and Bill Paxton were both nominated for Outstanding Lead Actor in a Miniseries or Movie, with Costner winning the award. Tom Berenger won Outstanding Supporting Actor in a Miniseries or Movie and Mare Winningham was nominated for Outstanding Supporting Actress in a Miniseries or Movie. Director Kevin Reynolds was nominated for Outstanding Directing for a Miniseries, Movie, or Dramatic Special. Ted Mann, Ronald Parker, and Bill Kerby were nominated for Outstanding Writing for a Miniseries, Movie, or Dramatic Special for the second part of the miniseries. The series won three of its nine technical nominations.[13][14]

text:
Award
Category
Nominee
Result

2nd Critics' Choice Television Awards
Best Movie/Miniseries Actor
Kevin Costner
Nominated

17th Satellite Awards
Best Miniseries or Television Film

Won

Best Actor in a Miniseries or Television Film
Kevin Costner
Nominated

Best Supporting Actress in a Series, Miniseries, or Television Film
Mare Winningham
Nominated

19th Screen Actors Guild Awards
Outstanding Performance by a Male Actor in a Miniseries or Television Movie
Kevin Costner
Won

Bill Paxton
Nominated

28th TCA Awards
Outstanding Achievement in Movies, Miniseries, and Specials

Nominated

64th Primetime Emmy Awards
Outstanding Miniseries or Movie
Barry M. Berg, Kevin Costner, Herb Nanas, Vlad Paunescu, Nancy Dubuc, Dirk Hoogstra, Leslie Greif, and Darrell Fetty
Nominated

Outstanding Lead Actor in a Miniseries or Movie
Kevin Costner
Won

Bill Paxton
Nominated

Outstanding Supporting Actor in a Miniseries or Movie
Tom Berenger
Won

Outstanding Supporting Actress in a Miniseries or Movie
Mare Winningham
Nominated

Outstanding Directing for a Miniseries, Movie, or Dramatic Special
Kevin Reynolds
Nominated

Outstanding Writing for a Miniseries, Movie, or Dramatic Special
Bill Kerby
Ted Mann
Ronald Parker for "Part 2"
Nominated

64th Primetime Creative Arts Emmy Awards
Outstanding Art Direction for a Miniseries or Movie
Serban Porupca, Derek R. Hill, John B. Vertrees, and Sally Black
Nominated

Outstanding Casting for a Miniseries, Movie, or Special
Fern Champion and Amy Hubbard
Nominated

Outstanding Costumes for a Miniseries, Movie, or Special
Karri Hutchinson and Adina Bucur
Nominated

Outstanding Hairstyling for a Miniseries or Movie
Gabriele Gregorini, Peter Nicastro, and Giorgio Gregorini
Nominated

Outstanding Make-up for a Miniseries or Movie (Non-Prosthetic)
Francesca Tampieri and Mario Michisanti
Won

Outstanding Music Composition for a Miniseries, Movie, or Special (Original Dramatic Score)
John Debney and Tony Morales for "Part 1"
Nominated

Outstanding Single-Camera Picture Editing for a Miniseries or Movie
Don Cassidy for "Part 2"
Won

Outstanding Sound Editing for a Miniseries, Movie, or Special
Tom Bjelic, John Laing, Darrell Hall, Steve Baine, Michael Mancuso, Dermain Finlayson, Dan Kiener, Kevin Banks, Emilie Boucek, Mark Dejczak, Alex Bullick, John Douglas Smith and Nathan Robitaille for "Part 1"
Nominated

Outstanding Sound Mixing for a Miniseries or Movie
Christian T. Cooke, Brad Zoern, Stanomir Dragos, and for "Part 1"
Won

70th Golden Globe Awards
Best Miniseries or Television Film

Nominated

Best Actor – Miniseries or Television Film
Kevin Costner
Won

text: Ratings[edit]

text: Part one drew the largest ever ratings for a History program and one of the biggest in cable TV history. 13.9 million viewers tuned into the first of three parts, making it the most-watched single broadcast on ad-supported cable ever, excluding sports. Demographic numbers were high as well, with 4.8 million viewers in the adults 18-49 demographic and 5.8 million viewers among adults 24-54.[15] Part two was watched by 13.13 million viewers with an adult 18-49 rating of 3.7, the highest rated programming on cable of the night.[16] Part three was watched by 14.29 million viewers with an adult 18-49 rating of 4.0, making it the number-one program of the night.[17]

text: Effect on tourism[edit]

text: According to WYMT-TV in Hazard, Kentucky, the series has generated an increase in tourism to the area from people wanting to know about the feud. Pike County Tourism Vice Chair Reed Potter stated:

text:
“
It's been beyond our expectations. We've been getting requests for brochures that tell about the feud sites and places people can visit at a rate today last I checked of about two per minute.[18]
”

text: International broadcast[edit]

text: Home video release[edit]

text: The series was released on DVD and Blu-ray Disc formats on July 31, 2012. The bonus material includes a music video of "I Know These Hills" from Kevin Costner and Modern West from their album Famous for Killing Each Other: Music From and Inspired By Hatfields & McCoys.[22]


document_title: Beauty School Dropout

question_text: who sang beauty school drop out in grease

text: Beauty School Dropout

text: "Beauty School Dropout" is a song from the musical Grease[1]

text: In the musical, the song is the showcase piece of the Teen Angel, who makes his only appearance in the musical to sing the song. The Teen Angel is Frenchy's guardian angel, and script notes specifically identify him as a Fabian look-alike, dressed in all-white. The Teen Angel appears to Frenchy, who has recently dropped out of beauty school out of frustration with her teachers, asks for a guardian angel in the mold of those seen in Debbie Reynolds movies. The Angel descends from the heavens, then pointedly sings to her that she lacks work ethic and suggests that she return to high school so that she might eventually qualify for a career as a stenographer later in life. Frenchy silently refuses and walks away, leading the Angel to close his number by lamenting her refusal to listen and ascending back to the heavens. (The film version does not have Frenchy refusing the advice, and the lyrics are likewise adjusted.)

text: Alan Paul, later a member of The Manhattan Transfer, originated the role on Broadway. It is not uncommon for the role of the Teen Angel to be held as a dual role by one of the other characters in the cast during stage adaptations (in Paul's case, he also appeared as bandleader Johnny Casino). It was recorded by Frankie Avalon (who, like Fabian, was a client of Bob Marcucci's during his heyday) for the 1978 film adaptation of Grease, a role he reprised on stage through the 1990s and early 2000s. The Wild Angels recorded an earlier version for Decca Records in 1972.[2][3]

text: In the Noddy episode "The Tooth Fairy", a parody of the song entitled "Tooth Fairy" is performed by Johnny Crawfish, Whiny, Whimper and the Ruby Reds, with the lyrics altered to be about Johnny's first childhood encounter with the Tooth Fairy.

text: In 2012 the song was featured in an episode of the TV musical series Glee and in the related extended play soundtrack in a version sung by Darren Criss.

text: In 2017, Sandy and Richard Riccardi performed a spoof of the song called "Tiki Torch Nazis", in reference to the Unite the Right rally in Charlottesville, Virginia.[4]

text: From 1972 through 1976, The New Dimensions, a group from the Chicago area, performed a ‘50s show featuring “Teen Angel” and the music of that era. Teen Angel, played by Pat Hysell, was a ghost of the ‘50s who reminisced of his days at the malt shop with Betty Sue and their dates at the drive-in theater. The band, lead by Gordon Prigge included Hysell, Dick Gerlach and Jim Lyons performed throughout the Midwest for more than 25 years.


document_title: Char siu

question_text: which part of pork to make char siew

question_tokens: which part of pork to make char siew

text: Char siu

text: Meat cuts[edit]

text: Pork cuts used for cha siu can vary, but a few main cuts are common:[2]

text:
Pork loin
Pork belly - produces juicy and fatter cha siu
Pork butt (shoulder) - produces leaner cha siu
Pork fat
Pork neck end - very marbled (jyu geng yuk)

text: Chinese cuisine[edit]

text: Cha siu literally means "fork roasted" (siu being burn/roast and cha being fork, both noun and verb) after the traditional cooking method for the dish: long strips of seasoned boneless pork are skewered with long forks and placed in a covered oven or over a fire[citation needed].

text: In ancient times, wild boar and other available meats were used to make cha siu.  However, in modern times, the meat is typically a shoulder cut of domestic pork, seasoned with a mixture of honey, five-spice powder, red fermented bean curd, dark soy sauce, hoisin sauce, red food colouring (not a traditional ingredient but very common in today's preparations and is optional), and sherry or rice wine (optional). These seasonings turn the exterior layer of the meat dark red, similar to the "smoke ring" of American barbecues. Maltose may be used to give cha siu its characteristic shiny glaze.

text: Cha siu is typically consumed with a staple, whether inside a bun (chasiu baau, 叉燒包), with noodles (chasiu min, 叉燒麵), or with rice (chasiu faan, 叉燒飯) in fast food establishments, or served alone as a centerpiece or main dish in traditional family dining establishments. If it is purchased outside of a restaurant, it is usually taken home and used as one ingredient in various complex entrees consumed at family meals.

text: Hong Kong cuisine[edit]

text: In Hong Kong, cha siu is usually purchased from a siu mei establishment, which specializes in meat dishes—cha siu pork, soy sauce chicken, white cut chicken, roasted goose, roasted pork, etc. These shops usually display the merchandise by hanging them in the window. As a result, cha siu is often consumed alongside one of these other meat dishes when eaten as an independent lunch item on a per-person basis in a "rice box" meal. More commonly it is purchased whole or sliced and wrapped and taken home to be used in family meals either by itself or cooked into one of many vegetable or meat dishes which use cha siu pork as an ingredient.

text: Southeast Asian cuisine[edit]

text: In Malaysia, Singapore, Indonesia, and Thailand, cha siew rice is found in many Chinese shāolà (烧腊) stalls along with roast duck and roast pork. The dish consists of slices of cha siu, cucumbers, white rice and is drenched in sweet gravy or drizzled with dark soy sauce. Cha siu rice is also a popular food within the Chinese community in Medan, Indonesia, where it is more called cha sio. Cha siew rice can also be found in Hainanese chicken rice stalls, where customers have a choice of having their cha siu rice served with plain white rice or chicken-flavoured rice, and choose from garlic, chilli and soy sauces. Cha siu is called mu daeng (Thai: หมูแดง, pronounced [mǔː dɛ̄ːŋ], "red pork") in Thailand.

text: In the Philippines, it is known as Chinese Asado and usually eaten with cold cuts or served stuffed in siopao. In Flanders and Holland it's known by the Indonesian name 'babi panggang'.

text: Vegetarian cha siu also exists, usually made from wheat gluten. It can be found in vegetarian restaurants and stalls in South East Asian Chinese communities.

text: Japanese cuisine[edit]

text: Japanese culture has adapted 叉燒 as chāshū (チャーシュー). Unlike its Chinese variant, it is prepared by rolling the meat into a log and then braising it at a low temperature. The Japanese adaptation is typically seasoned with honey and soy sauce, without the red food colouring, sugar, or five-spice powder. It is a typical ingredient in rāmen.

text: Pacific Rim cuisine[edit]

text: As a means of exceptional flavor and preparation, cha siu applications extend far beyond pork. In Hawaii, various meats are cooked cha siu style. The term cha siu refers to meats which have been marinated in cha siu seasoning prepared either from scratch or from store-bought cha siu seasoning packages, then roasted in an oven or over a fire. Ingredients in marinades for cha siu are similar to those found in China (honey, five-spice, wine, soy, hoisin, etc.), except that red food coloring is often used in place of the red bean curd for convenience. Cha siu is used to marinate and prepare a variety of meats which can either be cooked in a conventional or convection oven (often not requiring the use of a fork or cha(zi) as traditional Chinese ovens do), on a standard barbecue, or even in an underground Hawaiian imu. In Hawaii, cha siu chicken is as common as cha siu pork, and various wild birds, mountain goat, and wild boar are also often cooked cha siu style, as are many sausages and skewers.

text: As cha siu grows in popularity, innovative chefs from around the world, especially chefs from around the Pacific Rim, from Australia to California, are using various meats prepared cha siu style in their cuisines and culinary creations.