document_title: List of U.S. Air Force acronyms and expressions

question_text: what does ccf stand for in the air force

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text: This is a list of initials, acronyms, expressions, euphemisms, jargon, military slang, and sayings in common or formerly common use in the United States Air Force. Many of the words or phrases have varying levels of acceptance among different units or communities, and some also have varying levels of appropriateness (usually dependent on how senior the user is in rank). Many terms also have equivalents among other service branches that are not acceptable amongst Marines, but are comparable in meaning. Many acronyms and terms have come into common use from voice procedure use over communication channels, translated into the NATO phonetic alphabet, or both.

text: The scope of this list is to include words and phrases that are unique to or predominantly used by the United States Air Force. For other military slang lists, see the "See also" section.

text:
Top
0–9
A
B
C
D
E
F
G
H
I
J
K
L
M
N
O
P
Q
R
S
T
U
V
W
X
Y
Z
See also
References

text:
1st Lt – First Lieutenant; officer pay grade O-2
2d Lt – Second Lieutenant; officer pay grade O-1
3C – Cross Cultural Competence

text: A[edit]

text:
A/C – Aircraft
A1C – Airman First Class; enlisted pay grade E-3, known as Airman Second Class (A2C) from 1952 to 1967
A2C – Airman Second Class; former enlisted pay grade E-3 from 1952 to 1967, now designated as A1C
A3C – Airman Third Class; former enlisted pay grade E-2 from 1952 to 1967, now designated as Amn
AADS – Alaskan Air Defense Sector
AAFES – Army and Air Force Exchange Service (pronounced "A-Fees")
AB – Airman Basic; enlisted pay grade E-1
AB – Air Base
ABDR – Aircraft Battle Damage Repair
ABM – Air Battle Manager
ABU – Airman Battle Uniform
ABW – Air Base Wing
ACA – Airspace Control Authority
ACC – Air Combat Command
ACOT – Advanced Communications Officer Training
ACSC – Air Command and Staff College
ACW – Air Control Wing
ADC – Area Defense Counsel
ADC – (Obsolete term) Air Defense Command, later Aerospace Defense Command (disestablished MAJCOM)
ADCON – Administrative Control
ADP – Airman Development Plan
ADPE – Automated Data Processing Equipment
ADR – Airfield Damage Repair
ADSC – Active Duty Service Commitment
AEF – Aerospace Expeditionary Force
AES – Aeromedical Evacuation Squadron
AETC – Air Education and Training Command
AEW – Air Expeditionary Wing
AFA – Air Force Academy
AFA – Air Force Association
AFAA – Air Force Audit Agency
AFAM – Air Force Achievement Medal
AFAMS – Air Force Agency for Modeling and Simulation
AFB – Air Force Base
AFC2IC – Air Force Command and Control Integration Center
AFCA – Air Force Communications Agency
AFCAA – Air Force Cost Analysis Agency
AFCAT – Air Force Catalog
AFCEC – Air Force Civil Engineering Center
AFCEE – Air Force Center for Engineering and the Environment
AFCENT – Air Forces Central
AFCESA – Air Force Civil Engineer Support Agency
AFCFM – Air Force Career Field Manager
AFCLC – Air Force Culture and Learning Center
AFCM – Air Force Commendation Medal
AFDC – Air Force Doctrine Center
AFDW – Air Force District of Washington
AFE – Aircrew Flight Equipment
AFETS – Air Force Engineering and Technical Services
AFFMA – Air Force Frequency Management Agency
AFFSA – Air Force Flight Standards Agency
AFFSC – Air Force Financial Services Center
AFGSC – Air Force Global Strike Command
AFH – Air Force Handbook
AFHRA – Air Force Historical Research Agency
AFI – Air Force Instruction; or as a duty status, awaiting further instructions
AFIA – Air Force Inspection Agency
AFIAA – Air Force Intelligence Analysis Agency
AFIS – Air Force Inspection System
AFISRA – Air Force Intelligence, Surveillance and Reconnaissance Agency
AFIT – Air Force Institute of Technology
AFLC – Air Force Logistics Command (disestablished MAJCOM; merged with AFSC in 1992 to form AFMC)
AFLMA – Air Force Logistics Management Agency
AFLOA – Air Force Legal Operations Agency
AFMA – Air Force Manpower Agency
AFMAN – Air Force Manual
AFMC – Air Force Materiel Command
AFMOA – Air Force Medical Operations Agency
AFMPC – Air Force Military Personnel Center (obsolete), replaced with AFPC
AFMS – Air Force Medical Service or Air Force Manpower Standards
AFMSA – Air Force Medical Support Agency
AFNIC – Air Force Network Integration Center
AFNOC – Air Force Network Operations Center
AFNORTH – Air Forces Northern
AFNSEPO – Air Force National Security Emergency Preparedness Office
AFNWCA – Air Force Nuclear Weapons and Counterproliferation Agency
AFOG – Air Force Operations Group
AFOQT – Air Force Officer Qualifying Test
AFOTEC – Air Force Operational Test and Evaluation Center
AFPAA – Air Force Public Affairs Agency
AFPAM – Air Force Pamphlet
AFPC – Air Force Personnel Center
AFPCA – Air Force Pentagon Communications Agency
AFPD – Air Force Policy Directive
AFPEO – Air Force Program Executive Office
AFPET – Air Force Petroleum Agency
AFPOA – Air Force Personnel Operations Agency
AFRBA – Air Force Review Boards Agency
AFRC – Air Force Reserve Command
AFRIMS – Air Force Records Information Management System
AFRL – Air Force Research Lab
AFROTC – Air Force Reserve Officers Training Corps
AFRPA – Air Force Real Property Agency
AFS – Air Force Station
AFSA – Air Force Sergeants Association
AFSC – Air Force Safety Center
AFSC – Air Force Specialty Code
AFSC – Air Force Systems Command (disestablished MAJCOM; merged with AFLC in 1992 to form AFMC)
AFSFC – Air Force Security Forces Center
AFSO 21 – Air Force Smart Operations for the 21st Century
AFSOC – Air Force Special Operations Command
AFSOUTH – Air Forces Southern
AFSPC – Air Force Space Command
AFSVA – Air Force Services Agency
AFT – Alert Fire Team
AFTO – Air Force Technical Order
AFVA – Air Force Visual Aids
AFVEC – Air Force Virtual Education Center
AFWA – Air Force Weather Agency
AG (TAG) – Adjutant General, (The)
AGE – Aerospace Ground Equipment; analogous to Ground Support Equipment (GSE) in USN, USMC and USCG (Naval Aviation)
AGE Ranger – An AGE Technician
AGR – Active Guard and Reserve
AGS – Aircraft Generation Squadron
AGSM – Anti-G Straining Maneuver
AGOW – Air-Ground Operations Wing
AKRAOC – Alaska Region Air Operations Center
ALCM – Air Launched Cruise Missile
ALCON – All Concerned (used in message headers for mass emailings)
ALO – Air Liaison Officer
ALS – Airman Leadership School
AMC – Air Mobility Command
AMJAMS – Automated Military Justice Analysis and Management System
Amn – Airman; enlisted pay grade E-2
AMMO Troop – Munitions Systems Technician AMMO (U.S. Air Force)
AMMS – Airborne Missile Maintenance Squadron Missile Badge
AMS – Academy of Military Science
AMT – Aircraft Metals Technology
AMW – Air Mobility Wing
AMXS – Aircraft Maintenance Squadron
ANG – Air National Guard
ANR – Alaskan NORAD Region
AO – Authorized Outage
AOC – Air and Space Operations Center
AOG – Aircraft On Ground
AP – Air Police (Obsolete term); now called Security Forces (SF)
APS – Aerial Port Squadron
ARI – Alcohol Related Incident
ARS – (Obsolete term) Air Rescue Squadron; formerly ARRS, now known as a Rescue Squadron (RQS)
ARRS – (Obsolete term) Aerospace Rescue and Recovery Squadron
ART – AEF (Air Expeditionary Force) Reporting Tool
ART – Air Reserve Technician
ART – Armed or Alarm Response Team
ARW – Air Refueling Wing
AS – Airlift Squadron
AS – Air Station
ASAP – As Soon As Possible
ASBC – Air and Space Basic Course
ASI – Authorized Service Interruption
ASR – Airport Surveillance Radar
ATAG – Assistant to the Adjutant General
ATC – Air traffic control
ATC – Air Training Command (disestablished MAJCOM; superseded in 1992 by AETC)
ATCALS – Air Traffic Control and Landing Systems
ATO – Air Tasking Order
ATO – Anti-Terrorism Officer
AU – Air University
AU-ABC – Air University Associate to Baccalaureate Cooperative
AW – Airlift Wing
AWACS – Airborne Warning and Control System on the E-3 Sentry aircraft
AWACS – A War Against Common Sense
AWC – Air War College
AWOL – Absent Without Leave
AWP – Awaiting Parts

text: B[edit]

text:
BAH – Basic Allowance for Housing
BAS – Basic Allowance for Subsistence
BASH – Bird/Wildlife Aircraft Strike Hazard
BAQ – Bachelor Airman Quarters
BCOT – Basic Communications Officer Training
BDOC – Base Defense Operations Center
BDU – Battle Dress Uniform
BEQ – Bachelor Enlisted Quarters
BIT – Bystander Intervention Training
BITC – Base Information Transfer Center
BITS – Base Information Transfer System
BFM – Basic Fighter Maneuvers
BFT – Blue Force Tracking
BLUF – Bottom Line Up Front
BMT – Basic Military Training
BOHICA – Bend Over, Here It Comes Again; used in response to unfavorable orders.
BONE – Nickname for the B-1 Lancer, as in "B-ONE"
BOQ – Bachelor Officer Quarters
BOS – Base Operating Support
BOT – Basic Officer Training
Box Nasty – A sandwich & snack meal in a cardboard box handed out for flights
BPZ – Below Primary Zone; early promotion of an officer ahead of peers to controlled statutory pay grades of O-4, O-5 and/or O-6
BRAC – Base Realignment and Closure
Brig Gen – Brigadier General; officer pay grade O-7
BRM – Base Records Manager
BS – Bomb Squadron
BSA – Basic Surface Attack
BTZ – Below the zone; USAF early promotion program from E-3 to E-4
BUFF – Big Ugly Fat Fucker (Nickname for Boeing B-52 Stratofortress)
BW – Bomb Wing
BX – Base Exchange (see AAFES)

text: C[edit]

text:
C-Day – The unnamed day on which a deployment operation begins or is to begin
C2 – Command and Control
C4ISR – Command, Control, Communications, Computers, Intelligence, Surveillance, and Reconnaissance
CA – Combat Arms
CAF – Combat Air Force
CAFSC – Control Air Force Specialty Code
CAI – Computer Aided Instruction
CAOC – Combined Air and Space Operations Center
CAMS – Core Automated Maintenance System (database behind IMDS)
CAP – Civil Air Patrol, the civilian USAF Auxiliary
Capt – Captain; officer pay grade O-3
CAS – Close Air Support
CAST – Combat Airman Skills Training
CAT – Crisis Action Team
CAT – Camper Alert Team (Security Forces, Missile Field Security)
CATM – Combat Arms Training and Maintenance
CBCS – Combat Communications Squadron
CBMC – Communications Battlespace Management Course
CBT – Computer Based Training
CBRNE – Chemical, Biological, Radiological, Nuclear, and High Yield Explosives
CC – Commander
CCAF – Community College of the Air Force
CCE – Executive Officer
CCF – First Sergeant
CCT – Combat Control
CD – Deputy Commander
CDC – Career Development Course
CE – Civil Engineering or Civil Engineers
CEG – Combat Evaluation Group
CEM – Chief Enlisted Manager
CES – Civil Engineering Squadron
CEVG – Combat Evaluation Group
CFEPT – Career Field Education and Training Plan
CFP – Communications Focal Point
CFR – Crash Fire Rescue
CFT – Cockpit Familiarization Trainer
CGO – Company Grade Officer (lieutenants and captains)
CGOC – Company Grade Officers' Council
Charlie Bravo – Cut-back, or being released early from duty
Charlie Foxtrot – Cluster Fuck
Chief – Proper term of address for Chief Master Sergeant. Also frequently used by pilots to informally refer to maintenance personnel, specifically "Crew Chiefs."
CI – Counterintelligence, Compliance Inspection
CISM – Close In Security Mobile
Class Six – BX-administered store where beer, wine & liquor is sold at a discounted price with no sales tax
CJCS – Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff
CMO – Civil-Military Operations
CMO – Chief Medical Officer (term for senior medical officer at each MEPS—Military Entrance Processing Station)
CMSAF – Chief Master Sergeant of the Air Force; senior active duty enlisted member of the Air Force and a direct advisor to CSAF (holds enlisted pay grade E-9)
CMSgt – Chief Master Sergeant; enlisted pay grade E-9
CNA – Computer Network Attack
CND – Could Not Duplicate
CND – Computer Network Defense
CNO – Computer Network Operations
CNT – Counter Narco-Terror
COA – Course of Action
Col – Colonel; officer pay grade O-6
COLA – Cost of Living Adjustment
COMINT – Communications Intelligence
CONOPS – Concept of Operations
CONS – Contracting Squadron
CONUS – Continental United States
COMAFFOR – Commander, Air Force Forces
Cop – Term for Air Force Security Forces personnel
COT – Commissioned Officer Training
CPF – Civilian Personnel Flight
CPTS – Comptroller Squadron
Crew Chief – Generally used as an informal slang term for Aerospace Maintenance Personnel, AFSC 2A5. More formally used to refer to an individual in charge of an aircraft maintenance related task requiring multiple people.
CRO – Combat Rescue Officer; commissioned officer equivalent of an enlisted PJ
CRO – COMSEC Responsible Officer
CS – Communications Squadron
CSAF – Chief of Staff of the Air Force; senior ranking active duty General in USAF unless the CJCS or VCJCS post is held by a USAF General (holds officer pay grade O-10)
CSAR – Combat Search and Rescue
CSC – Central Security Control
CSS – Commander's Support Staff (orderly room)
CSO – Combat Systems Officer; a commissioned officer aeronautical rating known as Navigator until 1992
CUI – Combined Unit Inspection
CWO – Chief Warrant Officer; commissioned officer pay grades W-2 through W-5, currently discontinued in USAF

text: D[edit]

text:
D-Day – The unnamed day on which an operation begins or is to begin
DACBT – Dissimilar Air Combat Training
DAFSC – Duty Air Force Specialty Code
DART – Dumbass Radio Troop
DAS – Date Arrived Station
DBA – Dirtbag Airman (An Airman who does not represent the Air Force Core Values)
DCO – Defensive Cyber Operations
DEAD – Destruction of Enemy Air Defenses
DEERS – Defense Eligibility Enrollment Reporting System
DEROS – Date Estimated Return from OverSeas
Dependent – Non-Military family member of a service member, typically a non-military spouse and/or children, entitled to a DD 1173 Military Dependent ID Card
DFAC – Dining Facility
DFAS – Defense Finance and Accounting Service
Dickbeaters – term referring to one's hands. Often yelled by MTIs in the form of "pin those Dickbeaters to your side!"
DINSTAAR – Danger Is No Stranger To An AGE Ranger (See AGE)
DMSP – Defense Meteorological Satellite Program
DNIF – Duties Not Including Flying
DOE – Date of Enlistment
Dollar Ride – A pilot's first flight in an airframe
Doolie – nickname for a first year Air Force Academy cadet
DOR – Date of Rank
Double Dip – Term used for certain full-time Air Force Reserve and Air National Guard personnel when in a dual status and receiving income from two sources (e.g., Air Reserve Technician on civilian military leave as a Department of the Air Force civil servant and on concurrent active duty USAF orders)
DRSN – Defense Red Switch Network
DRU – Direct Reporting Unit
DSCS – Defense Satellite Communications System
DSD – Developmental Special Duty
DSN – Defense Switched Network
DSP – Defense Support Program
DSPD – Defense Support to Public Diplomacy
DT – Development Team
DTS – Defense Travel System
DV – Distinguished Visitor; visiting enlisted personnel in pay grade E-9, visiting officer personnel in pay grades O-6 through O-10, or visiting civilian equivalents such as GS-15, SES or politically-appointed or elected government officials
DVQ – Distinguished Visitors Quarters
DVOQ – Distinguished Visiting Officers Quarters
DWC – Deputy Wing Chaplain

text: E[edit]

text:
EAD – Extended Active Duty
EADS – Eastern Air Defense Sector
ECM – Electronic Counter Measures
ECP – Entry Control Point
EELV – Evolved Expendable Launch Vehicle
EET – Exercise Evaluation Team
EFMP – Exceptional Family Member Program
EI – Engineering & Installation
EIS – Engineering & Installation Squadron
ELINT – Electronic signals Intelligence
EGI – Embedded GPS/Inertial Navigation
Embrace The Suck – Slang used among junior enlisted referencing they have little say in undesirable decisions, effectively advice that one should not worry themselves over things they cannot control
EMEDS – Expeditionary Medical Support
EMSEC – Emission Security
ENJJPT – Euro NATO Joint Jet Pilot Training
EO – Equal Opportunity
EOC – Emergency Operations Center
EOD – Explosive Ordnance Disposal
EPR – Enlisted Performance Report
ERCC – Engine Run Crew Change
E-VAR – Electronic Visitor Access Request
ERO – Engine Running Onload/Offload
EW – Electronic Warfare
EWO – Electronic Warfare Officer

text: F[edit]

text:
FA – Fitness Assessment
FAA – Federal Aviation Administration
FAB – Forward Air Base
FAC – Forward Air Controller
FAIP – First Assignment Instructor Pilot
FAM – Functional Area Manager
Farts and darts – clouds and darts embroidery found on field grade and general officers' service cap visors
Fat Albert – Nickname used for the C-5A Galaxy until revoked by USAF as “derogatory”. Name came from Bill Cosby's recording of “Revenge” in 1968, with the story of “Buck Buck” and Fat Albert shaking the ground as he ran.
FGO – Field Grade Officer (majors, lieutenant colonels, and colonels)
FIGMO – Fuck it I Got My Orders
Fini Flight – A pilot's last flight in the aircraft before he/she leaves a squadron, a wing, or retires from the Air Force
FLPP – Foreign Language Profeciency Pay
FM – Financial Management Comptroller
FMC – Fully Mission Capable
FMS – Foreign Military Sales
FMS -Field Maintenance Squadron
FNG – Fucking New Guy
FOA – Field Operating Agency
FOD – Foreign Object Damage or debris that can cause damage
FOUO – For Official Use Only
Four Fan Trash Can – Nickname for the C-130 Hercules
Four Fans of Freedom – Nickname for the C-130 Hercules
FRED – Fucking Ridiculous Economic Disaster (term for the C-5 Galaxy)
FS – Fighter Squadron
FSB – Force Shaping Board
FSS – Force Support Squadron
FTAC – First Term Airman's Center
FTS – Flying Training Squadron
FTU – Formal Training Unit
FTW – Flying Training Wing
FUBAR – Fucked Up Beyond All Recognition
FW – Fighter Wing
FYSA - For Your Situational Awareness

text: G[edit]

text:
G-LOC – G-induced Loss of Consciousness
GBS – Global Broadcast Service (pronounced: jibz—IPA: dʒɪbz)
GC / GNC – Guidance and Control
GCCS – Global Command and Control System (pronounced: geeks—IPA: giks)
GCIC – Global Cyberspace Integration Center
GCS – Ground Control Station
GDT – Ground Data Terminal
Gen – General; officer pay grade O-10
GLCM – Ground Launched Cruise Missile
GO – General Officer; officers in pay grades O-7, O-8, O-9 and O-10 – analogous to Flag Officer in USN and USCG
GOCO – Government Owned, Contractor Operated
GOGO – Government Owned, Government Operated
GOV – Government Owned Vehicle
Gp – Group
GPC – Government Purchase Card
GPS – Global Positioning System
GTC – Government Travel Card
GWOT – Global War On Terrorism

text: H[edit]

text:
HAF – Headquarters Air Force
HALO – High Altitude, Low Opening
HAHO – High Altitude, High Opening
Hangar "[#]" – A nonexistent hangar (e.g., if there are 4 hangars, then it would be Hangar 5); heard most often over radios as slang code for latrine/bathroom/Porta John. Example: "Get me to Hangar 5!"
HARM – High Speed Anti-Radiation Missile
HARM – Host Aviation Resource Management
HARRT – Humanitarian Assistance Rapid Response Team
Hawg – Nickname for the A-10 Thunderbolt II
HAZCON – Hazardous Condition
HC – Chaplain Headquarters
HIA – Held in Abeyance
HO – Historian's Office
HPC – Historic Properties Custodian
HTS – HARM Targeting System
HUA – Heard, Understood, Acknowledged
HUAW – Hurry Up and Wait
HUD – Head-Up Display
HUMINT – Human Intelligence

text: I[edit]

text:
IA – Information Assurance
IAW – In Accordance With
ICBM – Intercontinental Ballistic Missile
ID 10 T Problem – A problem that is created by an "idiot"
IFE – In-Flight Emergency
IFF – Identification Friend or Foe
IFF – Introduction to Fighter Fundamentals
IFFCC – Integrated Flight and Fire Control Computer
IFS – Introductory Flight Screening
IFT – Introductory Flight Training
IG – Inspector General
ILS – Instrument landing system
IMDS – Integrated Maintenance Database System
IMINT – Imagery Intelligence
INOP – Inoperative/Inoperable
INOSC – Integrated Network Operations and Security Center
IP – Instructor Pilot
IPB – Intelligence Preparation of the Battlespace
IO – Information Operations
IOC – Initial Operational Capability
IOIC – Information Operations Integration Course
IS – Intelligence Squadron
ISR – Intelligence, Surveillance, and Reconnaissance
ITT – Information, Tickets, and Travel
IYAAYAS – If You Ain't Ammo, You Ain't Shit
IYAAYWOT – If You Ain't Ammo, You're Waitin' On Them

text: J[edit]

text:
J-STARS – Joint Surveillance Target Attack Radar System on the E-8 JSTARS aircraft
JA – Judge Advocate
JA/ATT – Joint Airborne/ Air Transportability Training
JAOC – Joint Air and Space Operations Center
JATO – Jet-Assisted Take-Off
JDAM – Joint Direct Attack Munition
JEEP – Just Enough Education To Pass
JEEP – Just Entering Electronic Principals
JEEP – Just Educated Enough to Post (Security Forces)
JFACC – Joint Forces Air Component Commander
JEIM – Jet Engine Intermediate Maintenance
JOAP – Joint Oil Analysis Program
JOPES – Joint Operation Planning and Execution System
JPATS – Joint Primary Air Training System
JPME – Joint Professional Military Education
JPPT – Joint Primary Pilot Training
JSF – Joint Strike Fighter
JSOW – Joint Standoff Weapon
JSUPT – Joint Specialized Undergraduate Pilot Training
JWICS – Joint Worldwide Intelligence Communications System

text: K[edit]

text: KISS – Keep It Simple Stupid

text: L[edit]

text:
LAPES – Low Altitude Parachute Extraction System.
LATN – Low Altitude Tactical Navigation.
Lawn Dart – Nickname for F-16 Fighting Falcon or any other fast, pointy-nosed, single-engine fighter aircraft.
LCAP – Logistics Compliance Assessment Program.
LEAP – Language Enabled Airman Program.
LG – Logistics Group.
LGB – Laser-Guided Bomb.
LIFT – Lead In Fighter Training.
LIMFAC – Limiting Factor.
Linda Lovelace (Reference to the C-5 Galaxy aircraft, because it kneels and takes it from both ends.)
LMR – Land Mobile Radio
LOA – Letter of Admonishment.
LOA – Letter of Appreciation.
LOAC – Law of Armed Conflict.
LOC – Letter of Counseling.
LOGI – Logistics NCOIC (Squadron, Group, Wing).
LOR – Letter of Reprimand.
LOWAT – Low Altitude Training.
LRS – Logistics Readiness Squadron.
LT – Familiar term for a Lieutenant, Second or First; usually used as a form of address by those under his/her command.
Lt Col – Lieutenant Colonel; officer pay grade O-5.
Lt Gen – Lieutenant General; officer pay grade O-9.
LWOP – Leave Without Pay.

text: M[edit]

text:
MAC – Military Airlift Command (disestablished MAJCOM)
MAF – Mobility Air Force
Maj – Major; officer pay grade O-4
Maj Gen – Major General; officer pay grade O-8
MAJCOM – Major Command
MANPADS – Man-Portable Air Defense System
MARE – Major Accident Response Exercise
MASINT – Measurement and Signature Intelligence
MATS – Military Air Transport Service (disestablished command, superseded by MAC and then AMC
MDG – Medical Group
MDS – Mission Design Series of aircraft; analogous to T/M/S for Type/Model/Series in USN & USMC (Naval Aviation)
MEO – Military Equal Opportunity
MEPS – Military Entrance Processing Station
METL – Mission Essential Task Listing
MFLC – Military and Family Life Counselor
MFT – Mobile Fire Team
MICAP – Mission Incapable
MICT – Management Internal Control Toolset
MIF – Maneuver Item File
MILDEC – Military Deception
MILSTRIP – Military Standard Requisitioning and Issue Procedure
MLR – Management Level Review
MOAB – Massive Ordnance Air Blast Bomb/Mother Of All Bombs
MOOTW – Military Operations Other than War
MOS – Maintenance Operations Squadron
Mosquito Wings – Nickname for the Airman rank insignia
MPF – Military Personnel Flight
MRE – Meal Ready to Eat
MS – Missile Squadron
MSG – Mission Support Group
MSME – Medical Standard Management Element
MSgt – Master Sergeant; enlisted pay grade E-7
MSS – Mission Support Squadron
MTI – Military Training Instructor
MTL – Military Training Leader
Mud Hen – Nickname for the F-15E Strike Eagle
MW – Missile Wing
MWR – Morale, Welfare and Recreation
MWS – Major Weapons System
MX – Maintenance
MXG – Maintenance Group
MXS – Maintenance Squadron

text: N[edit]

text:
NAF – Numbered Air Force
Nav – Navigator, now known since 2009 as a Combat Systems Officer
NCC – Network Control Center
NCO – Non-commissioned Officer
NCOA – Non-commissioned Officer Academy
NCOIC – Non-Commissioned Officer in Charge
NCW – Network-Centric Warfare
NDI – Nondestructive Inspection
NEADS – Northeast Air Defense Sector
NGB – National Guard Bureau
NIPR – Non-secure Internet Protocol (IP) Router Network
NKAWTG – Nobody Kicks Ass Without Tanker Gas
NMC – Non Mission Capable
NMSA – Non-Nuclear Munitions Storage Area
NMUSAF – National Museum of the United States Air Force
Nonner – "Non-sortie generating." Derogatory term used by aircraft maintenance personnel when referring to enlisted and officers who are not directly involved in aircraft maintenance or manning aircraft
Non-rated Officer – USAF commissioned officer not holding an aeronautical rating
NOSC – Network Operations and Security Center
NOTAM – Notice To Airmen
NSI – Nuclear Surety Inspection
NVG – Night Vision Goggles
NUB – New Useless Bitch (reference for new person on station; contraction from newbie (which was originally new boy), and then backronymed)

text: O[edit]

text:
OA – Occupational Analysis
OA – Outstanding Airman
OAPT – Officer Awaiting Pilot Training.
OAPTer – An officer in OAPT status. While other 2nd Lt's begin their flight training, non-flying technical training and/or initial leadership roles, OAPTers complete menial tasks in support of the mission while they wait for their assigned training date (this is known as "casual status"). It is important for all operational bases, as OAPTers are most often supplemental to the assigned commissioned officer workforce.
OAR – Occupational Analysis Report
OAY – Outstanding Airman of the Year
OAYA – Outstanding Airman of the Year Award
OCO – Offensive Cyber Operations
OCONUS – Outside the Continental United States
OCR – Office of Collateral Responsibility
OFO – Out Fucking Off
OG – Operations Group
OIC – Officer in Command
OL – Operating Location
OODA – Observe Orient Decide Act
OPCON – Operational Control
OPR – Office of Primary Responsibility
OPR – Officer Performance Report
OPSEC – Operations Security
OPTN – Operationalizing and Professionalizing the Network
ORI – Operational Readiness Inspection
ORM – Operation Risk Management
OSI – Office of Special Investigation
OSR – Occupational Survey Report
OSS – Operations Support Squadron
OT&E – Operational Test and Evaluation
OTS – Officer Training School

text: P[edit]

text:
PA – Public Affairs
PACAF – Pacific Air Forces
PAFSC – Primary Air Force Specialty Code
PAR – Precision Approach Radar
PAS – Political Affairs Strategist
PAX – Air passengers
PCS – Permanent Change of Station
PDS – Permanent Duty Station
PERSCO – Personnel Support for Contingency Operations
Perpes – Humorous nickname for PRP, takeoff on herpes
PFE – Promotion Fitness Examination
PFM – Pure Fucking Magic; Term to refer to a technical problem that somehow resolved itself
PFT – Physical Fitness Test
PICNIC – Problem In Chair, Not In Computer; Used by help desk personnel to indicate user ignorance
PING – Person In Need of Graduation
PITT – Person In need of Technical Training
PJ – Pararescueman
PMC – Partially Mission Capable
PME – Professional Military Education
PMEL – Precision Measurement Equipment Laboratory
Pocket Rocket – Term for the missile badge on the uniforms of current and former ICBM and cruise missile launch operations and missile maintenance personnel
POL - Petroleum, Oils, & Lubricants, the traditional name for the Fuels Management Flight
Pop Tart – Airman whose technical career schools are 6 weeks or less
posn – position
Prime Beef – Prime Base Engineer Emergency Force
PRF – Promotion Recommendation Form
PRP – Personnel Reliability Program
PSDM – Personnel Services Delivery Memorandum
PSYOP – Psychological Operations
PTL – Physical Training Leader

text: Q[edit]

text:
QAF – Quality Air Force
Queep – A task or duty that is completely useless and ultimately unrelated to your primary job. It is often assigned by superiors not of your career field as they assume that you have time to constantly work these tasks. Example: "I have a lot of queep to do before I go home." "I need to finish all of this queep before I can go fly."

text: R[edit]

text:
RA – Resource Advisor
RAF – Royal Air Force
Rainbow Flight – Fresh trainees at BMT who have not yet received uniforms (clothing colors represent the rainbow)
RAM – Random Antiterrorism Measure
RAPCON – Radar Approach Control
RAS – Regional Affairs Strategist
Rated Officer – USAF commissioned officer holding an aeronautical rating as a Pilot (to include Astronaut), Combat Systems Officer (to include Astronaut), Navigator (to include Astronaut), Air Battle Manager, Observer (Astronaut) or Flight Surgeon
RED HORSE – Rapid Engineer Deployable Heavy Operational Repair Squadron Engineers
RET, Ret, (Ret) – Designations for retired military personnel, typically following the service designation in a title, e.g., Col USAF (Ret)
RF – Radio frequency
RFF – Request [F]or Forces (initiated by Army)
RHIP – "Rank Has Its Privileges"
RIF – Reduction In Force
RIP – Report on Individual Personnel
RNLTD – Report No Later Than Date
ROAD – Retired On Active Duty
RON – Remain overnight
ROTC – Reserve Officers' Training Corps
RPA – Remotely Piloted Aircraft
RQG – Rescue Group
RQS – Rescue Squadron (formerly ARS)
RQW – Rescue Wing
RTB – Return To Base
RTIC – Real Time In the Cockpit
RS – Reconnaissance Squadron
RW – Reconnaissance Wing

text: S[edit]

text:
SAASS – School of Advanced Air and Space Studies
SABC – Self Aid Buddy Care
SAC – Strategic Air Command (disestablished MAJCOM)
SAF/SECAF – Secretary of the Air Force
SAM – Surface to Air Missile
SAPR – Sexual Assault Prevention and Response
SARC – Sexual Assault Response Coordinator
SATCOM – Satellite Communications
SAV – Staff Assistance Visit
SBIRS – Space-Based Infrared System
SCOD – Static Close Out Date
SDF – Standard Deployment Folder
SEAD – Suppression of Enemy Air Defenses (pronounced "seed")
SEADS – Southeast Air Defense Sector
SEI – Special Experience Identifier
Secret squirrel stuff – Material classified above secret or special compartmentalized information.
Senior – Informal shortening for Senior Master Sergeant
SEPCOR – Separate Correspondence
SERE – Survival, Evasion, Resistance and Escape
SF – Security Forces
SFS – Security Forces Squadron
Sgt – Sergeant; a since discontinued additional rank in enlisted pay grade E-4 from 1976 to 1991
Shirt – A unit first sergeant
Short – Close to a PCS date or retirement
Sierra Hotel (SH) – Shit Hot
SIGINT – Signals Intelligence
SIPR – Secret Internet Protocol
SKT – Specialty Knowledge Test
Slick Sleeve – Nickname for an Airman Basic (owing to the absence of rank insignia on an individual's sleeve)
SLUF – Short Little Ugly Fucker (Derogatory nickname for the LTV A-7 Corsair II)
SME – Subject Matter Expert
SMSgt – Senior Master Sergeant, enlisted pay grade E-8
SNAFU – Situation Normal All Fucked Up
SNCO – Senior Non-commissioned Officer; enlisted pay grades E-7, E-8 and E-9
SNCOA – Senior Non-commissioned Officer Academy
Snacko – A highly underestimated, mission critical position held most often by newly reported Lieutenants in a flying squadron. Doing well at the Snacko position will prompt one for a laudable career. Failing at such a job will often entail severe ridicule and, if necessary, replacement and retraining by the flying squadron.
Snuffy – Generic term given to any Airmen of lower rank. "And here came Airman Snuffy late to the party as usual."
SOP – Standard Operating Procedure
SOPS – Space Operations Squadron
SOS – Squadron Officer School
SOS – Special Operations Squadron
SOW – Special Operations Wing
SOWT - Special Operations Weather Technician
Spark Chaser – Nickname for aircraft maintenance personnel dealing with electronic, non-mechanical systems
Spirit Mission – A good-natured act, commonly in the form of a prank, banner, or...reacquisition...of a person/thing, to show pride for a group of individuals. Usually harmless.
Sq – Squadron
SrA – Senior Airman; enlisted pay grade E-4
SRC – Solid Rock Cafe (new as of 2011, located at Sheppard AFB, TX – unofficial anogram that is used by officers as well as students)
SRT – Security Response Team
SSgt – Staff Sergeant; enlisted pay grade E-5
SST – Supervisor Safety Training
Staff – Informal shortening for Staff Sergeant
STEP – Stripe Through Exceptional Performance
Stick Actuator – Pilot
Stink Bug – Nickname for the F-117 Nighthawk
Strike Eagle – Nickname for the F-15E Strike Eagle
STS – Special Tactics Squadron
SURF – Single Uniform Request Format
SVS – Services Squadron
SW – Space Wing
SWA – Southwest Asia
SWAG – Scientific Wild-Ass Guess
SWO- Staff Weather Officer

text: T[edit]

text:
T&A – Test and Acceptance
TAC – Tactical Air Command (disestablished MAJCOM)
TAC-P – Tactical Air Control Party
TACAN – Tactical Air Navigation
TACON – Tactical Control
TAFCSD – Total Active Federal Commission Service Date
TAFMSD – Total Active Federal Military Service Date
TAG (AG) – The Adjutant General
Tail-End Charlie – Person bringing up the rear of a formation or a tail gunner
TAP – Transition Assistance Program
TBA – Training Business Area
TCNO – Time Compliance Network Order
TCTO – Time Compliance Technical Order
TDY – Temporary Duty; analogous to Temporary Additional Duty (TAD / TEMADD) in USN, USMC and USCG
Tech – Informal shortening of Technical Sergeant
TFCSD – Total Federal Commissioned Service to Date
TGP – Targeting Pod
TIG – The Inspector General
TLAR – That Looks About Right
TLF – Temporary Living Facility
TO – Technical Order
TOT – Time Over Target
Tracking – Reference to offensive avionics on combat aircraft. Following and understanding the subject at hand. (IE: "I need this done yesterday, Airman. Are you tracking?")
TRG – Training Group
TRS – Training Squadron
TRW – Training Wing
TSgt – Technical Sergeant; enlisted pay grade E-6
TST – Time-Sensitive Target
TTP – Tactics, Techniques, and Procedures
TU – Tango Uniform, slang for 'tits up'.

text: U[edit]

text:
UAS – unmanned aircraft system
UAV – unmanned aerial vehicle
UCI – unit compliance inspection
UCSOT – Undergraduate Combat Systems Officer Training
UHT – Undergraduate Helicopter Pilot Training
UIF – unfavorable information file
ULN – unit line number
UMD – unit manpower document
UNT – Undergraduate Navigator Training (superseded by UCSOT)
UNWT – Undergraduate Network Warfare Training
UPT – Undergraduate Pilot Training (superseded by ENJJPT, JSUPT and UHT)
USAF – United States Air Force
USAFA – United States Air Force Academy
USAFE – United States Air Forces in Europe
USAFEC – United States Air Force Expeditionary Center
USAFR – United States Air Force Reserve
USAFWC – United States Air Force Warfare Center

text: V[edit]

text:
VAQ – visiting airman quarters
VFR – visual flight rules
Viper – nickname for the F-16 Fighting Falcon
VML – vulnerable to move list
vMPF – virtual military personnel flight
VOQ – visiting officer quarters
VOR – VHF omnidirectional range
V/R – virtual regards / very respectfully (closing salutation)
vRED – virtual record of emergency data
VSP – voluntary separation pay

text: W[edit]

text:
WADS – Western Air Defense Sector
WAF – Women in the Air Force
WAG – wild-ass guess
WAPS – Weighted Airman Promotion System
WASP – Women Airforce Service Pilots
WC – wing chaplain
WG – wing
WIC – weapons instructor course
WIT – wing inspection team
Winchester – out of ammo
WOWWAJAA – with out weapons we are just another airline
WRM – war reserve material
WRT – with regard to / with reference to
WSA – weapons storage area
WSO – weapon systems officer
WX – weather

text: X[edit]

text: X-plane – experimental aircraft

text: Y[edit]

text: Y-plane – prototype aircraft

text: Z[edit]

text:
Zero – officer
Zoo – nickname for the Air Force Academy
Zoomie – nickname for an Air Force Academy graduate or cadet


question_text: who plays the lead main role in 'delhi 6'

question_tokens: who plays the lead main role in ' delhi 6 '

root

text: Plot[edit]

text: Roshan (Abhishek Bachchan) accompanies his dying grandmother Annapurna (Waheeda Rahman) to their ancestral property in Old Delhi. Roshan is initially stunned by the mad rush of neighbours: Ali Baig (Rishi Kapoor) the renaissance man, feuding brothers Madangopal (Om Puri) and Jaigopal (Pavan Malhotra), their wives and families, Mamdu (Deepak Dobriyal) the halwai, Gobar (Atul Kulkarni) the simpleton, Sethji and many others. Roshan eventually warms to the place and wholeheartedly embraces the sense of community. He accompanies his grandmother to the Ramleelas, hangs out at Mamdu's sweet stall, plays with the children, and gradually becomes steeped in the culture.

tag: p

text: Roshan is also slowly exposed to some sobering realities. When Annapurna faints (due to fluctuating blood sugar levels) and they scramble to get her to a hospital, he finds the roads choked by traffic because of an impromptu ceremony around a cow in labour; he is further surprised when his grandmother, despite her stupor, stumbles forth to seek the blessings of a sacred cow; and he is astounded when the local police seem to encourage the practice. Roshan begins to understand the feuds and social issues in the community. Madangopal's sister Rama (Aditi Rao Hydari) is unwed (at an age when spinsterhood is a significant social no-no) and Jaigopal's electrical business is going nowhere. The lecherous old local money lender Lala Bhairam (Prem Chopra) is married to a young woman Shashi (Geeta Bisht) who, in turn, is having an affair with a young photo-studio hand Suresh (Cyrus Sahukar). Suresh is a double timer who is also pursuing Madangopal's daughter Bittu (Sonam Kapoor). Bittu secretly wants out of the stuck-in-time Old Delhi; she secretly prepares to audition for a popular reality show Indian Idol in the hope that she will win her way to Mumbai. Roshan comes to appreciate Ali Baig's cosmopolitan tastes and is surprised to learn that he fancied his mother many years ago and has since never married. And Roshan comes to empathise with the lower-caste trash collector girl Jalebi (Divya Dutta) who must endure untouchability at social functions except for when some of the brutish locals seek company. Roshan crosses paths with the loutish inspector Ranvijay (Vijay Raaz) who blithely stretches his authorities to manhandle the locals and becomes acquainted with the assembly-woman who displays political power at every opportunity.

text: In the meantime, the news media is all abuzz with tales of a fearsome terror known only as the "Kala Bandar" (The Black Monkey). This miscreant (never shown clearly in the film) attacks people, steals and has caused the death of a few innocent people. (These deaths are mostly accidental, as in the example of a pregnant housewife who was supposedly startled by a silhouette and fell down a flight of stairs or the unfortunate man who was briefly zapped by a live electric wire.) Nonetheless, the local news picks up on every move by the kala bandar and loudly blares about all his exploits. Jaigopal, the self-proclaimed electronics genius, theorises that the kala bandar likely has an electrical circuit (to zap his victims) and may be electrocuted by water; this rumour is quickly propagated.

text: The film takes several turns. After some initial friction, Roshan and Bittu warm to each other. Roshan intervenes when Bittu is about to receive a prospective suitor arranged by Madangopal. He echoes Bittu's desire to pursue other dreams; this drives the suitor away and brings Madangopal's wrath upon him. He gradually begins to fall in love with her but is confused when Bittu expresses her affections for Suresh (she believes he will support her dreams). Around this time, the kala bandar attacks Old Delhi. The locals bring in a tantrik Shani baba (Akhilendra Mishra) to exorcise the demonic influence of the kala bandar. After an extended havan ceremony, the tantrik baba, clearly a self-aggrandizing actor who dislikes the inter-religious equality practised in the community, speculates that the local mosque must have been built over the ruins of a temple that was demolished for the purpose. He thus initiates a vicious cycle of animosity in the previously harmonious Hindu-Muslim community. After the initial peaceful demonstrations (by rallies and angry meetings), a mob goes on rampage and attacks some of the Muslims and their shops. This prompts one Muslim shop-owner, Mamdu, to set fire to the tree temple. Roshan attempts to make peace but is rebuffed because of his mixed religious parentage. The locals ultimately settle on the fact that the kala bandar is hiding out in the sooni galli (a dark lane known to harbour evil presences) and must be destroyed. They command the simpleton Gobar to fetch a lock of hair from the evil enemy so that the tantrik can burn it and complete the exorcism.

text: Roshan becomes aware of Bittu's plan to elope with Suresh and that Suresh is a low-life two timer. He dons a monkey mask and outfit and stealthily follows Bittu by leaping across the rooftops. In the meantime Gobar ventures into the sooni galli where Jalebi gives him a lock of her hair so he may return in triumph and bring peace to the community. At that moment, Roshan (in his monkey outfit) intercedes in Bittu and Suresh's rendezvous and causes the cowardly Suresh to flee. Bittu raises a loud alarm before Roshan unmasks himself, Roshan tells Bittu he loves her where she also responds to his feelings, the two share a hug, whereupon the angry locals storm the place. Believing Roshan to be the kala bandar, they beat him to within an inch of his life and Mamdu shoots him. Then, Gobar comes up with a startling deduction about the reality of the kala bandar; that the kala bandar is in fact the vices residing inside the people of Delhi 6 and something that the people must defeat within themselves. In the end the neighborhood realizes this and helps Roshan to reach a hospital with the help of an ambulance. But while on the way, Roshan does not respond to the treatment leaving people to believe that he died. In the meanwhile Roshan meets his grandfather (after his death) in the terrace of a building in Delhi. Roshan's grandfather (Amitabh Bachchan) reveals that there is a Kala Bandar in his own heart and that is why he wanted to ask forgiveness to his daughter, Roshan's mother, for not accepting her inter-religious marriage. After that he said he will meet him once again. At that point, Roshan responds to his treatment and everyone is happy that he is not dead. The film ends with Roshan understanding the diversity of Delhi 6.

text: During the end credits, the important characters appears before the mirror and reveal their emotions during their days in Delhi 6.

text: Cast[edit]

text:
Abhishek Bachchan as Roshan
Sonam Kapoor as Bittu
Waheeda Rehman as Annapurna (Dadi)
Rishi Kapoor as Ali
Om Puri as Madangopal
Divya Dutta as Jalebi
Tanvi Azmi as Fatima
Atul Kulkarni as Gobar
Aditi Rao Hydari as Rama Bua
Supriya Pathak as Vimla
Deepak Dobriyal as Mamdu
K.K. Raina as Haji Sulamaan
Pavan Malhotra as Jai Gopal
Amitabh Bachchan as Roshan's grandfather
Vinayak Doval as Bobby
Prem Chopra as Lala Bhairam
Vijay Raaz as Inspector Ranvijay
Akhilendra Mishra as Tantrik Baba
Cyrus Sahukar as Suresh
Geeta Bisht as Shashi
Daya Shankar Pandey as Kumar Kulshrestha
Sheeba Chaddha as Rajjo

tag: ul

text: Production[edit]

text: Development and casting[edit]

text: In the early stages of development it was rumoured that Rakeysh was going to cast newcomers for his next film.[4] It was even reported that Aamir Khan's nephew Imran Khan would make his debut with Delhi-6 but this was later revealed to be Jaane Tu Ya Jaane Na.[5] Frequent changes in casting made headlines, with Hrithik Roshan being set to play the main character and then being reportedly replaced by Ranbir Kapoor.[6][7] Even Akshay Kumar was supposed to play the lead but refused. Rakeysh Omprakash Mehra stated that Abhishek Bachchan was always the first choice for Delhi-6. Date problems for Abhishek Bachchan caused delays, but it all worked out in the end with Abhishek portraying the lead actor.[8] Sonam Kapoor was paired as the leading female character opposite Abhishek Bachchan.[9] Rishi Kapoor and Tanvi Azmi are also a part of the film.[10] The film went on the floors 20 February 2009.[11] Amitabh Bachchan plays the grandfather to Roshan, played by Abhishek Bachchan, whereas Waheeda Rahman plays the grandmother of the same.[12]

text: Filming[edit]

text: Production designer Samir Chanda, who had earlier worked with Mehra on Aks (2001) and Rang De Basanti (2006), recreated inner lanes of Old Delhi at Sambhar, a town in Rajasthan with similar architecture. Also for some scenes, historic Jama Masjid was digitally added to the frame as a backdrop.[13] Editing was done by Meghna Aschit and Rakeysh's wife Bharthi. In an interview Rakeysh said that he was not involved with the editing.[14]

text: Promotion[edit]

text: Delhi-6 was first unveiled on the Dubai International Film Festival. Following the screening was an interactive question and answer round, consisting of the director with the rest of the starcast and a vast audience. During this interaction, Rakeysh spoke about his key influences and the theme of the film, while actors described their experience of working with Rakeysh. A video featuring Abhishek and Sonam's interview can be watched in the reference along with this section.[15] The official trailer was released on 4 January 2009 which featured scenes from Delhi along with Jama Masjid, theatre groups, Red Fort at night, Sonam Kapoor coming out of a public escalator at central park in Delhi and finally Abhishek watching Sonam dancing with the pigeon "Masakalli" on her head.

text: Release[edit]

text: The film was supposed to be released on 13 February 2009, but A. R. Rahman's continued absence from the project led to a delay release. The background score remained incomplete and delayed release by one week. Delhi-6 was finally released on 20 February 2009 and premiered in New Delhi on 19 February 2009. It had its first screening on 15 February 2009 in New York.[16]

text: Reception[edit]

text: Critical reception[edit]

text: As of 11 March 2009, Rotten Tomatoes has given the film a 33% rating with 3 fresh and 6 rotten reviews. The average score is 3 March 2010.[17]

text: Pratim D. Gupta of The Telegraph gave two thumbs up, calling it a must-watch for just its "overwhelming audio-visual eruption".[18] Nikhat Kazmi of Times of India rated it three out of five stars, saying, "Watch it for the message of Delhi-6 and the ekdum desi India-feel".[19] Anupama Chopra of NDTV said that the film is a noble failure: "Delhi-6 is ambitious and well-intentioned, but good intentions don’t always translate into good cinema".[20] Rajeev Masand of CNN-IBN gave it 3 stars, saying that it's a story with heart and Delhi-6 isn't great cinema like Mehra's Rang De Basanti and has a frustrating climax.[21] Rachel Saltz of the New York Times stated "Delhi-6 can be maddeningly vague, which robs its ending...of the impact it intends".[22] Shashi Baliga of Hindustan Times gave the film 3 out of 5 saying "Mehra sure has his heart in the right place. But couldn’t he have allowed himself… and us, a little more fun?"[23] Arthur J Pais of Rediff.com gave a much better verdict remarking the film's innovative style and storyline.[24] Amanda Sodhi posted an in-depth write-up about Delhi-6 on PassionForCinema.com, defending it against flak it was receiving.[25]

text: Music[edit]

text: A.R. Rahman is the music director of this film.[26] Prasoon Joshi is the lyricist. The music was released on 14 January 2009 at the Indian Idol 4 competition.[27] The first video of the song "Masakalli" was released featuring Sonam and Abhishek with a pigeon. However, the song was not part of the original film. According to the director, "The song was not really meant to be part of the narrative. I mean, who would think of putting in a song about a dove in a film like Delhi-6? It just happened. When I came to the pre-climax portion of my script, I was stuck. I needed a continuity link taking the narrative to its finale".[28][29] Other videos released include the title track "Delhi-6", the romantic interlude "Rehna Tu" as well as the folky "Genda Phool," an adaptation of a folk song from Chhattisgarh".

text: Track listing[edit]

text: The official track listing.[30]

text:
No.
Title
Artist(s)
Length

1.
"Masakali"
Mohit Chauhan
4:50

2.
"Arziyan"
Javed Ali, Kailash Kher
8:41

3.
"Dilli-6[31]" (French lyrics by Viviane Chaix, Claire)
Blaaze, Benny Dayal, Tanvi Shah, Viviane Chaix, Claire
3:36

4.
"Rehna Tu"
A. R. Rahman, Benny Dayal, Tanvi Shah, Rishu Raj
6:51

5.
"Hey Kaala Bandar"
Karthik, Naresh Iyer, Srinivas, Bonnie Chakraborty, Ember
5:52

6.
"Dil Gira Dafatan"
Ash King, Chinmayee
5:39

7.
"Genda Phool"
Rekha Bhardwaj, Shrraddha Pandit, Sujata Mazumder, Mahathi
2:50

8.
"Bhor Bhaye" (Raag: Gujri Todi)
Shreya Ghoshal, Ustad Bade Ghulam Ali Khan
3:19

9.
"Aarti (Tumre Bhavan Mein)"
Rekha Bhardwaj, Kishori Amonkar, Shrraddha Pandit, Sujata Mazumder
3:01

10.
"Noor" (Recital)
Amitabh Bachchan
0:50

tag: table

text: Inspiration[edit]

text: Reports of Kala Bandar (Black Monkey) attacks in the city of Delhi as shown in the film are inspired by real reports of much publicised monkey or monkeyman attacks in and around Delhi in 2001.[32]


document_title: Beyond the Reach

question_text: where was the movie beyond the reach filmed

text: Beyond the Reach

text: Plot[edit]

text: Ruthless tycoon and trophy collector John Madec flaunts his $500,000 all-terrain vehicle in a small New Mexico town and buys off the local sheriff to bag an endangered desert bighorn sheep. The sheriff solicits the young but experienced tracker Ben to guide the malevolent Madec an hour outside town into the canyon country of Shiprock. Madec taunts Ben over his love interest, who has gone away to Colorado for a college swimming scholarship and gifted a gun that Ben taught her to shoot.  When Ben asks to see the permit to hunt the endangered bighorn, Madec offers a wad of cash, which the stunned Ben begrudgingly accepts after Madec supplements his initial offer even further.  Madec of shoot-first-and-ask-questions-later philosophy accidentally shoots an old prospector, and Ben insists that they must report it as an accident. Madec, on the other hand, puts another bullet from Ben's gun into the corpse, and after explaining how he can now blackmail Ben with questions of who was the actual killer, offers Ben a deal:  Madec will put him through college with a finance major and give him a $300,000-per-year job in return for his complicity in covering up the crime.

text: When Ben picks up his emergency transponder, Madec destroys it and berates Ben for breaking the deal. Madec then threatens Ben with his high-powered rifle, and orders him to strip all of his clothes and shoes, and forces him to wander out in the desert to die of dehydration and exposure.

text: Madec plans to report that Ben went mad, shot the prospector, and wandered off into the barren horizon alone. Madec is certain Ben cannot survive, as they are in a hot desert 45 miles from the nearest town, but just to make sure, he watches Ben from a distance, using the scope on his rifle. Ben finds enough water to survive until Madec shoots the barrel containing it. Trekking on, Ben hides in the semi-subterranean lair of the shot prospector Charlie whom he'd befriended in life, but Madec blows it up with the prospector's dynamite stash, although Ben manages to escape before it explodes with the 'treasure map' of Charlie, whom Ben vows will not die without justice.

text: By sunset, Ben uses the map to find a wrist-brace slingshot and some marbles among a buried box of Charlie's personal effects. He goes for a hidden grotto of water that he and his girlfriend had swum in, only to find it dried up as his sun-burned body now freezes in the desert night. Madec keeps watch with his vehicle's high-powered floodlights as Ben eventually outsmarts Madec to overcome him with the slingshot.

text: Back in town, Madec escapes from police custody during a bathroom break to board a helicopter that he solicited using his one phonecall. Ben goes to his girlfriend and promises not to leave her side again. Armed Madec sneaks into their house as they sleep together and confronts Ben, but his girlfriend shoots Madec using the gun Ben gave her. Ben picks up the weapon, and finishes Madec off as the screen fades to black and the credits roll.

text: Cast[edit]

text:
Michael Douglas as John Madec
Jeremy Irvine as Ben
Ronny Cox as Sheriff J. Robb
Hanna Mangan-Lawrence as Laina
Patricia Bethune as Secretary
Martin Palmer as Charlie
David Garver as Ben's father

text: Production[edit]

text: On September 7, 2013, Michael Douglas and Jeremy Irvine joined the cast.[4] Principal photography and production began on September 13, 2013, in Farmington, New Mexico.[5]

text: Release[edit]

text: Beyond the Reach premiered at the 2014 Toronto International Film Festival on September 6, 2014.[6] On September 7, 2014, Roadside Attractions picked up the distribution rights to the film for $2 million.[7] The film was released on April 17, 2015, by Roadside Attractions.[8]

text: Critical reception[edit]

text: The film received mixed to negative reviews from critics. On Rotten Tomatoes, the film has a rating of 36%, based on 64 reviews, with a rating of 4.9/10. The site's critical consensus reads, "Beyond the Reach promises goofy genre pleasures, but fails to deliver, losing the viewer -- and a villainous turn from Michael Douglas -- in a misguided story that stumbles to the finish."[9] On Metacritic, the film has a score of 33 out of 100, based on 18 critics, indicating "generally unfavorable reviews".[10]

text: Kyle Smith of the New York Post gave the film a half a star out of four, saying "Beyond the Reach fails to achieve the Southwestern noir potency of No Country for Old Men, but there's no denying it brings to mind another Southwestern classic about malicious pursuit: the Road Runner cartoons."[11] Bill Goodykoontz of The Arizona Republic gave the film two out of five stars, saying "Beyond the Reach is a misfire, one of those movies that never quite rises to the level of guilty pleasure.[12] Michael O'Sullivan of The Washington Post gave the film one and a half stars out of four, saying "There are goofy, primal pleasures to be had in the first two-thirds of the film. But Beyond the Reach exceeds even its humble grasp in the final act, collapsing in a clatter of blockheaded manhunter-movie cliches."[13] Tirdad Derakhshani of The Philadelphia Inquirer gave the film two out of four stars, saying "There's not much here: The characters are paper-thin, and the action is slow, at times agonizingly so."[14]

text: Linda Barnard of the Toronto Star gave the film three out of four stars, saying "Douglas is in his element and the throwback, stylized look of the production makes Beyond the Reach an entertaining hit of escapist fun."[15] Gary Goldstein of the Los Angeles Times gave the film a negative review, saying "Beyond the Reach is a grueling, unsatisfying thriller that fails the logic test in spectacular ways.[16] Joe Neumaier of New York Daily News gave the film one out of five stars, saying "This film, though, lacks any spine. Director Jean-Baptiste Léonetti isn’t sure if he’s making a Hemingway-lite faceoff or a hemmed-in horror flick."[17]


document_title: Shabu-shabu

question_text: what kind of meat is used for shabu shabu

text: Shabu-shabu

text: History[edit]

text: Shabu-Shabu was introduced in Japan in the 20th century[citation needed] with the opening of the restaurant "Suehiro" in Osaka, where the name was invented. Its origins are traced back to the Chinese hot pot known as instant-boiled mutton (Shuàn Yángròu). Shabu-Shabu is most similar to the original Chinese version when compared to other Japanese hot-pot dishes (nabemono) such as sukiyaki.[2][citation needed] Suehiro registered the name as a trademark in 1955. Together with sukiyaki, Shabu-Shabu is a common dish in tourist hot-spots, especially in Tokyo, but also in local Japanese neighborhoods (colloquially called "Little Tokyos") in countries such as the United States and Canada.

text: Preparation[edit]

text: The dish was originally made with thinly sliced beef[citation needed], but some versions use pork, crab, chicken, lamb, duck, or lobster. Most often, ribeye steak is used, but less tender cuts, such as top sirloin, are also common. A more expensive meat, such as wagyū, may also be used. It is usually served with tofu and vegetables, including Chinese cabbage, chrysanthemum leaves, nori (edible seaweed), onions, carrots, shiitake mushrooms and enokitake mushrooms.  In some places, udon, mochi or harusame noodles may also be served.

text: The dish is prepared by submerging a thin slice of meat or a piece of vegetable in a pot of boiling water or dashi (broth) made with konbu (kelp) and stirring it. Cooked meat and vegetables are usually dipped in ponzu or goma (sesame seed) sauce before eating, and served with a bowl of steamed white rice. Once the meat and vegetables have been eaten, leftover broth from the pot is customarily combined with the remaining rice, and the resulting soup is usually eaten last.

text: Sauces and dippings[edit]

text: A number of sauces can be used to dip meats and vegetables when eating shabu-shabu. Normally, the raw meat is dipped into the hot stock for just a few seconds, as the pieces are sliced paper thin. Putting all meat into the pot in one go may result in overcooking the meat. There are a variety of sauces that can be used to dip the meat and vegetables, including ponzu sauce and sesame sauce. Restaurants usually provide soy sauce, sesame paste, ponzu sauce and several other condiment options such as spring onions and Japanese pickled carrots so that customers can make the sauce according to their own preferences.


document_title: Mercedes-AMG

question_text: what does amg mean on a mercedes benz

question_tokens: what does amg mean on a mercedes benz

text: Mercedes-AMG

text: History[edit]

text: AMG was founded as a racing engine forge in 1967 under the name AMG Motorenbau und Entwicklungsgesellschaft mbH (AMG Engine Production and Development, Ltd.), by former Mercedes-Benz engineers Hans Werner Aufrecht and Erhard Melcher in Burgstall an der Murr, near Stuttgart. The letters "AMG" stand for Aufrecht, Melcher and Großaspach (Aufrecht's birth town). In 1976 most of AMG moved to Affalterbach, with the racing-engine development remaining at the old location in Burgstall. At this time Erhard Melcher ceased to be a partner, but continued to be an employee at the Burgstall location.

text: In 1993, with AMG having become a high-profile purveyor of modified Mercedes-Benz cars, Daimler-Benz AG and AMG signed a contract of cooperation, allowing AMG to leverage Daimler-Benz's extensive dealer network and leading to commonly developed vehicles (the first one being the Mercedes-Benz C36 AMG, in 1993). On 1 January 1999 DaimlerChrysler, as it was called between 1998 and 2007, acquired 51 percent of AMG shares, and AMG was renamed to Mercedes-AMG GmbH.[4] Racing engine development was divested and continues to exist in Burgstall under the name HWA (Aufrecht's initials). On 1 January 2005 Aufrecht sold his remaining shares to DaimlerChrysler, and since then Mercedes-AMG GmbH has been a wholly owned subsidiary of Daimler AG.[1]

text: Development of the product range[edit]

text: AMG started off by designing and testing racing engines. It expanded its business into building custom road cars based upon standard Mercedes cars. AMG initially produced a range of unofficial upgrade and accessories packages mainly for the Mercedes-Benz R107 and C107 (1971-1989 SL roadster),[5] Mercedes-Benz W116 (1972-1980 S-class), Mercedes-Benz W123 (1976-1985 E-class), Mercedes-Benz W124 (1984-1997 E-class), Mercedes-Benz W126 (1979-1992 S-class), Mercedes-Benz R129 (1989-2001 SL roadster), and Mercedes-Benz W201 (1982-1993 C-class) models.

text: During the early 1980s and up until 1990, AMG offered a variety of engine performance packages, alloy wheels and styling products as an entirely independent company from Daimler-Benz. In 1990, AMG signed a co-operation agreement with Daimler-Benz, and AMG options and cars were then offered in Mercedes-Benz showrooms; in 1999 Daimler AG, then known as DaimlerChrysler AG, bought the controlling share of AMG and made them part of the official Mercedes-Benz line-up.[6]

text: Typical AMG performance enhancements, which the buyer could custom order, included increased engine displacements (5.2 litre, 5.4 litre), performance top ends with port and polished heads and intake, lightened valve train, and more aggressive cams. The DOHC 32V engine had also just been developed and was the pinnacle of AMG performance. A Getrag five-speed manual transmission could be ordered from AMG, and Mercedes had not offered a manual transmission V8 since the early 1970s.

text: The performance wheels offered during the same period were 15-inch or 16-inch ATS AMG Five Spoke Road Wheels, commonly referred to as Pentas. Penta was actually a UK-based company that supplemented the high demand for the AMG wheel at the time with a replica and only a very slight styling difference, but they were not made or endorsed by AMG. The genuine AMG wheels were often coupled with an AMG performance suspension package that included uprated and lowered springs, and re-valved shock absorbers.

text: Another popular cosmetic upgrade were the AMG body kits. These ranged from subtle front spoilers, to an aggressive Wide Body kits for the W126 coupes. Other options included Recaro seats, smaller diameter steering wheels, instrument clusters, chrome delete option (all brightworks colour-coded or painted satin black), refrigerators, shift knobs, hi-fi stereo systems, custom upholstery and enhanced interior wood packages.

text: The release of the AMG Hammer sedan in 1986, based on the W124 E-Class, took AMG's performance modifications for a fast midsized sedan to a new level. AMG made the world's fastest passenger sedan at the time, nicknamed the Hammer,[7] by squeezing Mercedes 5.6-litre V8 tuned by AMG to 360 hp into a midsized sedan. It was very aggressive for the era, with 32-valve cylinder heads and twin camshafts, and said to be faster than the Lamborghini Countach from 60 to 120 mph.[8] Later models were even more powerful and introduced the 17-inch AMG Aero 1 Hammer wheels. 1986 was also the year Mercedes introduced the 560 M117 engine. This provided yet another opportunity for customers to order the largest AMG displacement available at the time, the 6L 100 mm bore SOHC or DOHC engines available for both the W126 coupe and sedans.

text: Through the early 2000s, AMG focused principally on supercharged V8 and V6 engines, but the company officially abandoned this technology in 2006 with the introduction of the naturally aspirated 6.2 L M156 V8. On 16 January 2006, Mercedes-AMG Chairman Volker Mornhinweg told AutoWeek that the company would use turbocharging for higher output rather than supercharging. For 2011, AMG released the M157 5.5L biturbo V8, which has supplanted the M156 in its full-sized cars such as the S-Class and CL-Class (and is trickling down to the CLS, E-Class and ML-class). In 2012, Mercedes-AMG Chairman Olla Kallenius said that Mercedes-AMG will not produce diesel engines to compete with BMW's tri-turbo diesels (BMW M Performance range).[9]

text: Although there were some AMG models in the 1980s with manual transmissions, almost all recent models have used automatics (5G-Tronic and later 7G-Tronic with Speedshift), in contrast to BMW M, which used manuals and recently semi-automatic transmissions (the current type being a dual clutch transmission). Starting in 2009, however, AMG began adopting the seven-speed AMG SpeedShift MCT automatic transmission.

text: Although these are considered the most well known in-house tuning divisions, Mercedes-AMG has a considerably different philosophy than BMW M. Mercedes-AMG has created high-performance versions of many of its nameplates, including flagship sedans and SUVs, while BMW M has emphasized tuning only vehicles with "Lateral agility" (which has long been only their 3 Series, 5 Series, and roadsters).[10] Compared to BMW M, Mercedes-AMG is "less narrow in its sporting focus, yet still combining sledgehammer performance with relaxed handling, cultured comfort, and practicality".[11]

text: While founders Hans Werner Aufrecht and Erhard Melcher had emphasized proper racing cars, Mercedes-AMG had diverged considerably from this philosophy in recent years, with their offerings being well known for straight-line acceleration but poor handling dynamics. However, current Mercedes-AMG chairman Volker Mornhinweg has urged the division to return to its roots of building sports cars.[12]

text: Motor racing[edit]

text: In the late 1960s and early 1970s, AMG entered the big Mercedes-Benz 300SEL 6.3 V8 saloon, affectionately named the "Red Sow", in the 1971 Spa 24 Hours, and the European Touring Car Championship. AMG and Mercedes worked together on Mercedes-Benz W201 cars for the 1988 Deutsche Tourenwagen Meisterschaft (DTM, German Touring Car Championship). AMG was made the official partner.

text: When DaimlerChrysler acquired a majority share of AMG in 1999, the motor racing department was divested into HWA AG. Their first car was the ill-fated Mercedes-Benz CLR. Since 2000, HWA builds and runs the cars for Deutsche Tourenwagen Masters (DTM), as well as the M271 engine tuned for use in Formula 3.

text: Six successive lightly modified Mercedes-Benz AMG models (including, most recently, an SL 63 AMG) have acted as the safety cars for the FIA Formula One World Championship.

text: Since 2010, the Mercedes-Benz SLS AMG GT3s has been competing in GT competitions around the world, such as the FIA GT3 European Championship, Blancpain Endurance Series, Blancpain Sprint Series, VLN, 24 Hours of Nurburgring, British GT Championship, Super GT, Australian GT Championship, Bathurst 12 Hour, Dubai 24 Hour, Macau GT Cup and Pirelli World Challenge.

text: In late 2011, after the end of the Formula One season, Mercedes GP Petronas announced that it would be using the AMG branding for its F1 efforts, changing its name to Mercedes AMG Petronas for the 2012 season onwards.[13]

text: Three AMG E Class V8 Supercars began competing Australian V8 Supercars Championship from 2013, with the newly formed partnership of Erebus Motorsport and Stone Brothers Racing Teams operating under a Customer Sports Program of AMG.[14]

text: Relationship with Pagani[edit]

text: AMG also provides engines for the Zonda and Huayra cars. The engines used are variants of the M120 7,291 cc displacement V12 engine originally used in the 1995 SL73 AMG. The M120 is the largest displacement naturally aspirated engine provided by AMG and is now exclusively used by Pagani.

text: Relationship with Aston Martin[edit]

text: On July 25, 2013, Aston Martin Lagonda Ltd and Daimler AG announced moves towards a technical partnership with Mercedes-AMG GmbH. The deal will see Aston Martin access significant Mercedes-AMG GmbH and Mercedes-Benz Cars' resources, allowing the development of bespoke V8 powertrains and the use of certain components of electric/electronic architecture. Daimler AG now owns a stake of 5% of non-voting shares in Aston Martin, joining existing shareholders Investment DAR, Adeem Investment and Investindustrial. The technical partnership will support Aston Martin’s launch of a new generation of models and newly developed bespoke V8 powertrains.[15][16][17]

text: Current AMG models[edit]

text: All AMG engines - with the exception of the "43" M276 3.0 L V6 Bi-Turbo engine - are hand built using a "one man, one engine" philosophy at the current AMG plant in Affalterbach, Germany. To signify this, each AMG engine builder stamps the engines they produce with an engraved plaque depicting their signature. According to Mercedes-Benz, there are only about 50 AMG engine builders.[18]

text: As part of the official Mercedes product line, the AMG models are sold side-by-side with regular production models, unlike those offered by other Mercedes tuning firms such as Brabus.

text: "45" M133 2.0 L Inline-4 Turbo[edit]

text:
Mercedes-AMG A 45
Mercedes-AMG CLA 45
Mercedes-AMG GLA 45

text: The 2.0 L Turbo I4 was created for use in the smaller, 45 AMG models, such as the A-Class, CLA-Class, and GLA-Class, which all share the same platform. The M133 produces 360 PS and 332 ft-lb,[19] making it the most powerful turbo 4-cylinder in production, and with a 190.5-horsepower per liter, one of the most power dense engines in production.[20] Models with the M133 Turbo 4 are paired with a 7-speed AMG SPEEDSHIFT Dual-Clutch Transmission. The CLA45 AMG can accelerate from 0-60 in 4.2 seconds, according to Motor Trend's first test of the vehicle.[21]

text: "43" M276 3.0 L V6 Bi-Turbo[edit]

text:
Mercedes-AMG SLC 43
Mercedes-AMG C 43
Mercedes-AMG GLC 43
Mercedes-AMG E 43
Mercedes-AMG GLE 43

text: "63" M157 5.5 L V8 Bi-Turbo[edit]

text:
M157 L 5.5 V8 models (Twin-turbo)

Mercedes-AMG CLS 63
Mercedes-AMG E 63
Mercedes-AMG G 63
Mercedes-AMG GLE 63
Mercedes-AMG GLS 63
Mercedes-AMG S 63
Mercedes-AMG SL 63

text: Rumoured in 2009 and confirmed in 2010, AMG developed the M157, a 5.5-litre V8 with direct fuel injection and twin turbochargers. Power is rated at up to 577 bhp (430 kW; 585 PS) at 5,250-5,750rpm with a peak torque of 664 lb·ft (900 N·m) made between 2,000rpm and 4,500rpm (the amount of power and torque depends on model, but these are the maximum ratings).[22][23] Both engines are mated to Mercedes-Benz's 7-speed MCT transmission.[24][25][26]

text: Unlike the M156 naturally aspirated 6.2 L V8, which was developed entirely within AMG, the M157 is based upon the M278 used in the regular Mercedes-Benz S-Class and CL-Class.[27] The M157 boasts 25% better fuel economy (10.5 litres per 100 kilometres versus 14.4 L/100 km in the European driving cycle) over the M156, meaning it avoids the US Gas Guzzler Tax for the first time ever, despite having up to 47 horsepower more. The M157's increased torque from both the regular version and performance package means the engine can be shifted into a taller gear sooner, keeping engine revs and fuel consumption to a minimum. The new M157 has an engine start/stop mode and is lightweight at 204 kg.[24][25][26] The M157 is said to be ideal for powering full-size sedans such as the S-Class, but the older M156 remains in production, as its more precise throttle response is still well suited to smaller sportier models (the C-Class), until the 2015 model arrives, which is powered by a 4.0 liter V8.[28]

text: 5.5 L V8 BiTurbo models carry the "63" model designation, shared with the 6.2L V8 models.[29] Visually, the 2011 S63 AMG is differentiated from the 2010 model (itself face-lifted over the 2009 S63) by the more angular design of the chromed dual exhaust tips, which also sport embossed AMG logos, as well as new forged wheels.[30] For the CL63 AMG, the new M157 engine coincides with the facelift of the CL-Class for the 2011 model year.

text: Despite common belief, 63 AMG models are typically faster than their 65 AMG counterparts. An S63 AMG accelerates faster and handles better than an S65 AMG (due to 4-wheel drive and decreased weight), and an SL63 AMG accelerates faster than an SL65 AMG due to decreased torque, lower weight, and better balance by use of the V8.[31][32]

text: Since 2013, AMG models with the S-Model package feature all-wheel drive, which allows for better handling and better acceleration. The Mercedes-Benz CLS63 AMG S has been tested to accelerate to 60 mph in just 3.2 seconds, with a quarter mile time of 11.6 seconds.[33] This made it the quickest production sedan at the time. MotorTrend tested the 2014 E63 AMG S with the M157 engine to produce an estimated 676 bhp (504 kW; 685 PS) and 631 lb·ft (856 N·m).[34]

text: "65" M275 6.0 L V12 Bi-Turbo[edit]

text: The models listed below are powered by a variant of the Mercedes-Benz M275 engine.

text:
AMG G 65
AMG S 65
AMG SL 65

text: The AMG power-plant has an all-new design of the bi-turbo system, which features larger turbochargers and a new, more powerful charge-air cooling system, and the increase in the engine displacement (to 5980 cc) as well as many other engine design measures.[35] This allows it to produce a claimed 621 horsepower and 738 lb-ft of torque.

text: "65" models used a 5-speed automatic transmission for a long time, as the newer 7G-Tronic wasn't able to handle the torque from the V12 engines. This was changed with the introduction of 2012 SL65 AMG, which uses the same AMG SpeedShift MCT transmission as the rest of the AMG line-up.[36]

text: Coinciding with the facelift of the CL-Class for the 2011 model year, the 2011 CL65 AMG had an enhanced engine. AMG redesigned the exhaust gas turbochargers and added new engine electronics. It produced 621 horsepower, pushing the car from 0 to 60 mph in 4.2 seconds (0.2 seconds faster than the 2011 CL63), with an electronically limited top speed of 186 mph. The update also improved fuel economy and reduced carbon emissions by 3.5% over the outgoing model.[37][38]

text: M178 4.0 L V8 Bi-Turbo[edit]

text:
AMG C 63
AMG E 63
AMG GT
AMG S63
AMG GLC 63
AMG GLC 63 Coupe

text: Launched to the UK market in April 2015,[39] the 4-liter M178 V8 uses an unusual configuration where the position of the intake and exhaust are reversed, to create a more compact engine and hence vehicle design. This "hot inside v" configuration, as AMG calls it, has the exhaust gasses exiting into the central v area of the engine block where the engine's twin turbochargers are also mounted.

text: Previous AMG models[edit]

text: In addition to the models listed below, there were also predecessors to the current AMG models.

text: "55" M152 5.5 L V8[edit]

text: AMG SLK 55

text: The M152 is a naturally aspirated, detuned version of the M157 Biturbo V8. This V8 will be used for the 2012 SLK55 AMG, and it produces 415 hp and 398 lb-ft. This engine was discontinued in 2016 with the introduction of the SLC43 AMG[40]

text: "63" M156 6.2 L V8[edit]

text:
M156 L 6.2 V8 models currently in production

2008 C63 AMG (Sedan and Wagon) (facelifted for the 2012 model year)
2010 SLS AMG (M159)

text: AMG developed its own V8 engine (dubbed M156 in development) for the DTM series. The M156 produces 451 horsepower and 443 ft-lbs of torque. The M156, in various states of tune, was used in models such as the SL63, E63, CLS63, and S63 until it was replaced by the M157 5.5 L Biturbo V8.

text: In 2009, AMG developed the M159 engine, which is based on the M156 engine, to use in SLS AMG. The M159 produces 583 horsepower and 489 lb-ft of torque in the Mercedes-Benz SLS AMG GT, and 622 horsepower and 468 lb-ft in the SLS AMG Black Series.[41][42] There are also other AMG nameplates no longer in production:

text:
1988–1993 190E AMG 3.2
1988–1993 300E AMG 3.4E, AMG 3.4CE, AMG 3.4TE
1992 "The Hammer" AMG Widebody Coupe
1993–1994 E60 AMG
1994–1995 E36 AMG
1995, 1997 S70 AMG
1995, 1998–2001 SL73 AMG
1996–1998 SL60 AMG
1995–1997 C36 AMG
1997–2000 C43 AMG
1996–1998 E36 AMG
1996–1997 E50 AMG
1999–2002 E55 AMG
1998–2002 CLK-GTR AMG
2001–2004 SLK32 AMG
2002-2004 C32 AMG
2005–2006 C55 AMG
2005–2006 CLK DTM AMG
2007 R63 AMG
2009 CLK63 AMG and CLK63 AMG Black Series

text: "30" 3.0 L I5 diesel[edit]

text:
OM612 3.0 L "30" I5 Diesel models

C30 CDI AMG (sedan, wagon, and Sportcoupé)

text: "32" 3.2 L V6 KOMPRESSOR[edit]

text: Powertrain consists of AMG Speedshift 5-speed automatic transmission mated to an AMG 3.2-litre V6 Kompressor engine with an output of 260 kW/349 hp and 332 lb·ft (450 N·m) @ 4,400 rpm. The engine is a special version of the 3.2 L (3199 cc) M112 E32, fitted with a helical twin-screw supercharger and water-to-air intercooler. The supercharger was developed in conjunction with IHI and features Teflon-coated rotors producing overall boost of 14.5 psi (1 bar). Compared to the standard M112 engine, the AMG version also has a new crankshaft, new connecting rods and pistons, an oil pump with a 70-percent increased capacity, lightweight camshafts, and harder valve springs for a redline of 6200 rpm, an increase of 200 rpm.[43]

text: While rival BMW M developed the SMG II semi-automatic for the BMW M3, the C32 and SLK32 have a 5-speed automatic transmission’s “Speedshift” system, which now has quicker response (up to 35 percent) to accelerator and shift selector movements.[44]

text: Interestingly, the C32 had a smaller engine than its predecessors, the C36 AMG with the M104 3.6L I6 engine, and the C43 AMG powered by the M113 4.3L V8 engine. The C32 AMG can do 0–60 mph in 5.2sec 0–100 in 12.6 with a 1/4 mile of 13.6@106 mph (C&D comparison test May 2003)[45][46]

text:
3.2 L Supercharged M112 V6 AMG

2002–2004 C32 AMG (sedan, wagon (S203), and Sportcoupé)
2001–2004 SLK32 AMG
2005–2006 Chrysler Crossfire SRT-6

text: "55" 5.4 L V8 KOMPRESSOR[edit]

text: This model was nicknamed the "Hammer" after the original 1986 AMG Hammer (a W124 E-Class sedan with an AMG-tuned 360 hp 5.6-litre V8). The 2003 E55 AMG could do 0–60 mph in 4.4 seconds.

text: The main engine is a 5.4 L V8 engine This engine comes in two configurations.

text:
The first configuration is a naturally aspirated V8 with 354.12 PS (260.45 kW; 349.28 hp) that is used in the C55 AMG, CLK55 AMG, SLK55 AMG, and ML55 AMG. The C43 AMG (model years 1998–2000) was powered by a naturally aspirated V8 engine from the M113 family, but at a reduced displacement of 4.3L, hence the '43' designation.
The other configuration is a similar unit but with a highly efficient Lysholm type twin screw supercharger. manufactured by Eaton, is in the rest of the AMG 55 models, which are typically midsized or larger vehicles. The published output according to Mercedes varies from 476 PS (350 kW; 469 hp) to 517 PS (380 kW; 510 hp) and 700 N·m (520 lb·ft) to 720 N·m (530 lb·ft), depending on various methods of power measurements and different ECU programming for national legislations. For instance, the E55 AMG's engine was at the low end, nonetheless it was still Mercedes-Benz's fastest sedan at the time,[47] while the SL55 AMG's engine had the top output.[48][49] Mercedes has claimed that a more restrictive exhaust system was responsible for cutting output on the E55 AMG, however some enthusiasts have managed to bump up horsepower to 505 on the E55 by incorporating some parts from the SL55.[50]

text: The supercharged 5.4 L 32 valve V8 engine was mated to the Speedshift 5-speed automatic transmission, which has a torque capacity of 796 lb·ft (1,079 N·m), as the newer 7G-Tronic introduced in 2003 is limited to 542 lb·ft (735 N·m), not enough to handle the torque from the supercharged V8.[36][51]

text: The V8 S55 AMG had comparable output to the V12-powered S600 throughout their production. The S55 AMG (2001–02) was outfitted with a 5.4 L 354 hp (264 kW) V8 motor while the later versions (2003–06) sported the same motor, but supercharged to a rated 493 hp (368 kW). The S600 (2001–02) was outfitted with a 5.8L 362 hp (270 kW) V12 engine while the later versions (2003–06) sported a twin-turbocharged (or Bi-Turbo) 493 hp (368 kW) 5.5L V12. The justification for having two models with the same power is that the S55 AMG is sportier and more responsive, while the costlier S600 is more luxurious with a smoother ride.

text: AMG phased out both the naturally aspirated and supercharged 5.4 L engines in favor of the new M156 V8 beginning in 2006, which was paired with 7G-Tronic. However, some enthusiasts were disappointed because the M156 produces less torque than the M113K (which is supercharged).

text: For the Model Year 2009:

text:
M113 5.4 L "55" V8 models (naturally aspirated)

SLK55 AMG

M113 5.4 L "55" V8 models (supercharged)

G55 AMG

text: Previous 55 AMG models[edit]

text:
1999–2002 E55 AMG
2003–2006 E55 AMG
2000–2003 ML55 AMG
2003–2005 C55 AMG
2001–2002 CLK55 AMG
2003–2006 CLK55 AMG
2004–2007 CLS55 AMG
2001–2008 SL55 AMG
2001–2006 S55 AMG
2001–2006 CL55 AMG
2005–2006 C55 AMG
2001–2009 G55 AMG

text: "63" M137 6.3 L V12[edit]

text: The "63" badging was used on the short-lived 2001 S63 AMG, 2001 CL63 AMG and 2002 G63 AMG. These were produced in limited quantities for one month and only offered through AMG to select customers in Europe and Asia, purportedly state leaders. The CL63 AMG was the rarest W215 CL of all, and just 26 examples were built in November 2001 (51 plate), with some UK being registered in March 2002. These had a base price of £110,000 (~US$200,000).[52][53][54] The G63 AMG was the rarest W463 of all with just 5 examples built in September 2002 and sold in Germany at over EURO 250,000 each.

text: These are powered by a naturally aspirated 6.3L V12 producing 444 PS (438 hp/327 kW). This engine is based on the M137 5.8L V12 used in the S600 and CL600, but the AMG variants have a larger displacement, a new management system, a new crank case and cooling system, weight-optimized pistons, and a new camshaft with greater valve lift and modified valves. 390 lb·ft (530 N·m) of torque are available between 2500–5800rpm with a peak of 457 at 4400 rpm while horsepower grows by almost 80 over the 5.8L V12. It is mated to a 5-speed automatic transmission. The 2001 S63 AMG V12 had 100 hp more than the 2001 S55 AMG, and was a few tenths faster.[52][53]

text: "60", "73", "70", "55"[edit]

text: The Mercedes-Benz SL-Class (R129) had several AMG variants during its production run from 1989 to 2001.

text: The SL 60 AMG was the most numerous of these rare cars. Sold from 1993 to 1998, it used a 6.0 litre V8 engine producing 381 PS (280 kW; 376 hp) at 5500 rpm.[55] AMG claimed a 0–62 mph (100 km/h) speed of 5.6 seconds. Its top speed was limited to 250 km/h (155 mph), but with the limiter removed, it was capable of approximately 185 mph (298 km/h). AMG later unofficially conceded that 0–60 mph was more like 5.0 seconds and the engine produced between 405–410 bhp.

text: Extremely rare was the SL 73 AMG, sold through Mercedes-AMG in 1995, and offering the most powerful V12 engine ever put into an SL up to that time. After a brief hiatus, the SL73 was offered again from 1998 to 2001. The same 7.3 L V12 was later used by Pagani in the Zonda.

text: Even rarer is the SL 70 AMG (7.0 L (7055 cc) V12 engine).

text: The SL 55 AMG was sold in the R129 bodystyle from 1998 to 2001 in limited numbers (5.4L V8, 354 PS (260 kW; 349 hp) at 5500 rpm). It was the predecessor of the production R230 SL55 AMG sold later, albeit was normally aspirated in the R129 and not supercharged as in its R230 successor.

text: "63" M156 6.2 L V8[edit]

text: The "63" M156 is currently in production in the C63 AMG, and tuned as the M159 in the SLS AMG, although there were many models that were previously in production.

text: This naturally aspirated V8 will also be used to replace most of the "55" models. The published output according to Mercedes varies from 457 PS (336 kW; 451 hp) on the C63 AMG, to 525 PS (386 kW; 518 hp) on the C/CLK/R/ML/GL/S/SL/CL/E 63 AMG.

text: The 2008 S63/CL63/SL63s that used the M156 engine at 518 horsepower edged out that of the S600/CL600/SL600, the latter powered by the 510 horsepower 5.5-liter twin-turbo V12, while also having a higher redline. However, the S600/CL600/SL600 are more expensive and have more torque at 612 pound-feet (830 N·m).[56] The S63/CL63/SL63 however do have quicker acceleration times than their S600/CL600/SL600 counterparts and are the fastest in the lineup in 2014, due to the added weight and torque of the 65s, thus decreasing the 0-60 times and the handling limits.

text: Compared to the "55" supercharged 5.4 L V8 engine—which was restricted to the Speedshift 5G-Tronic five-speed automatic transmission, as it had a torque capacity of 796 lb·ft (1,079 N·m)—the reduced torque of the "63" M156 6.2L V8 means it can be mated with the more efficient 7G-Tronic, which can withstand a limit of 542 lb·ft (735 N·m). Despite the reduction in torque, the increased horsepower and more efficient transmission enables the "63" models to match or surpass the acceleration of the "55" models.[36] Most of the M156-engined models used the 7G-Tronic automatic transmission, however the more recent 2009 SL63, 2010 E63, and 2012 C63 use the 7-speed MCT transmission.

text:
Previous M156 Models

2007-2010 S63 AMG
2007-2010 CL63 AMG
2007-2011 ML63 AMG
2007 R63 AMG
2007-2009 CLK63 AMG (introduced at the 2006 Geneva Motor Show) (used as Safety Car for the 2006 and 2007 F1 World Championship)
2007-2011 CLS63 AMG (introduced at the 2006 Geneva Motor Show)
2007-2009 E63 AMG (Sedan and Wagon)
2009-2012 SL63 AMG
2010-2012 E63 AMG (Sedan and Wagon)

text: Black Series[edit]

text:
SLK55 AMG Black Series
CLK63 AMG Black Series
SL65 AMG Black Series
C63 AMG Black Series
SLS AMG Black Series

text: The AMG Performance Studio in Affalterbach is responsible for the upgrades that make an AMG into an AMG Black Series model. The Black Series treatment is only available on 2 door vehicles, which includes weight reduction, bucket seats, exterior alterations, interior alterations, higher power, greater traction, handling, and significantly greater overall performance. Black Series models are known as street legal race cars.

text: The SLS AMG Black Series was tested by Motor Trend to have a 0-60 time of 3.2 seconds, and a quarter mile time of 11.1 seconds at 129.8 mph. The SLS AMG Black Series "demolished" the Motor Trend figure eight in just 23.1 seconds, beating the McLaren MP4-12C, Ferrari 458 Italia, Audi R8 V10 Plus, and the SRT Viper.[57] The SLS AMG Black Series is currently the 22nd fastest car to lap the Nürburgring.[58] The SLS AMG Black Series had the same 1:19 time as the Lamborghini Murciélago LP670-4 SuperVeloce, the Ferrari Enzo, and beat the Ferrari 458 Italia, Lamborghini Gallardo LP 560-4, Porsche 997 GT2, and Nissan GT-R around the Top Gear test track.[59]

text: Electric Drive[edit]

text: In 2013, Mercedes-AMG announced the SLS AMG Coupe Electric Drive, which was to be the first zero emissions vehicle from AMG. The vehicle used technology derived from Formula 1, and was the fastest electric car.[18] The SLS AMG Electric Drive has 740 horsepower and 738 lb-ft of torque, and Mercedes-AMG claims a 0-60 time of 3.9 seconds.[41]


document_title: Back-pass rule

question_text: what happens if goalie picks up back pass

text: Back-pass rule

text: This article needs additional citations for verification. Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. (June 2011) (Learn how and when to remove this template message)

text: In association football, the back-pass rule refers to an offence within Law 12, Section 2 of the Laws of the Game. This offence is committed when the goalkeeper handles the ball after it has been deliberately kicked to them by a team-mate, or after receiving it directly from a throw-in taken by a team-mate.[1]

text: The back-pass rule was introduced in 1992[2] to discourage time-wasting and overly defensive play after the 1990 World Cup was described as exceedingly dull, rife with back-passing and goalkeepers holding up the ball.

text: An indirect free kick is awarded to the opposing team from the place where the offence occurred, i.e. where the goalkeeper handled the ball. In practice, this offence is very rarely committed.[citation needed]

text: USSF has provided the following guidance on how this offence should be judged by referees:

text: The offense rests on three events occurring in the following sequence:

text:
The ball is kicked (played with the foot, not the knee, thigh, or shin) by a teammate of the goalkeeper,
This action is deemed to be deliberate, rather than a deflection or miskick, and
The goalkeeper handles the ball directly (no intervening touch of play of the ball by anyone else)

text: When, in the opinion of the referee, these three conditions are met, the violation has occurred. It is not necessary for the ball to be “passed,” it is not necessary for the ball to go “back,” and it is not necessary for the deliberate play by the teammate to be “to” the goalkeeper.

text: While not an infringement of the back-pass rule, players are also prohibited from using a deliberate trick to pass the ball to the goalkeeper with a part of the body other than the foot to circumvent the rule. This would include, but not be limited to:

text:
flicking the ball up with the foot and then heading the ball back to the goalkeeper, or
heading a ball on the ground that would otherwise be regularly playable with the foot.

text: If a player uses such a trick, they are cautioned for unsporting behaviour, and the opponents are awarded an indirect free kick from where the trick was performed. It is irrelevant as to whether the goalkeeper subsequently handles the ball or not.[4]

text: Another rule was introduced at the same time as the back-pass rule, with the same intentions. This rule prohibits the goalkeeper from handling the ball again once he has released it for play. This offence would also result in an indirect free kick to the opposition.[citation needed]

text: In 1997, the back-pass rule was extended to prevent goalkeepers handling the ball when received directly from a team-mate's throw in.[5]


document_title: You Make It Easy

question_text: who is in jason aldean you make it easy video

text: You Make It Easy

text: Content[edit]

text: Brian Kelley and Tyler Hubbard, who comprise the duo Florida Georgia Line, wrote the song with Morgan Wallen and Jordan Schmidt. It is the fourth song co-written by the duo that Aldean has recorded, after the singles "Burnin' It Down" and "Lights Come On", and the album cut "Black Tears".[1]

text: According to Wallen, Hubbard was inspired by his wife, Hayley, and the relationship that the two have despite Hubbard being constantly on the road as a musician. Wallen also stated that he had most of the song written starting with the hook, when Schmidt added the "groove". The song features a 6/8 time signature which Cillea Houghton of Taste of Country compared to Keith Urban's 2017 hit "Blue Ain't Your Color". In it, Aldean sings of loving his wife, and how she "make[s] it easy" to love her in return.[2]

text: Commercial performance[edit]

text: On the chart dated February 3, 2018, "You Make It Easy" debuted at number 26 on the Country Airplay chart.[3] It has since reached number 14.[4] The next week, it debuted at number 28 on the Hot 100 chart due to strength of digital sales.[5]

text: "You Make It Easy" sold 77,000 copies in its first week of sales. It was the top-selling country song of the week.[6] It has sold 493,000 copies in the United States as of July 2018.[7]

text: Music video[edit]

text: The song features a three-part music video spanning 15 minutes, directed by Shaun Silva.[8] In it, actor Luke Benward plays a man who is injured in a car accident. Silva said that he was inspired by the video for "What Hurts the Most" by Rascal Flatts, which he also directed.[1]

text: Charts[edit]

text:
Chart (2018)

Peakposition

Canada (Canadian Hot 100)[9]

63

Canada Country (Billboard)[10]

1

US Billboard Hot 100[11]

28

US Country Airplay (Billboard)[12]

1

US Hot Country Songs (Billboard)[13]

2

text: Certifications[edit]

text:
Region

Certification
Certified units/Sales

United States (RIAA)[14]

Platinum

493,000[7]

sales+streaming figures based on certification alone


document_title: Illuminate World Tour

question_text: who is opening for shawn mendes in pittsburgh

text: Illuminate World Tour

text: Background and development[edit]

text: After huge success from the Shawn Mendes World Tour, Mendes is headlining his first all-arena tour. Mendes will kick off his tour in Europe for 21 shows, and tour North America for 29 shows.[2]

text: On February 22, 2017, Charlie Puth was announced as the opening act for the North American leg of the tour,[3] and Rock in Rio announced Mendes as a performer of the festival in Rio de Janeiro.[4]

text: Tour dates[edit]

text:
List of concerts, showing date, city, country, venue, opening acts, tickets sold, amount of available tickets, and gross revenue

Date
City
Country
Venue
Opening act
Attendance
Revenue

Europe[5]

April 27, 2017
Glasgow
Scotland
SSE Hydro
James TW
11,143 / 11,143
$573,111

April 28, 2017
Manchester
England
Manchester Arena
14,899 / 14,899
$749,022

April 30, 2017
Oberhausen
Germany
König Pilsener Arena
10,271 / 10,271
$534,232

May 1, 2017
Amsterdam
Netherlands
Ziggo Dome
12,376 / 12,376
$568,762

May 3, 2017
Berlin
Germany
Mercedes-Benz Arena
11,817 / 11,817
$590,190

May 4, 2017
Vienna
Austria
Wiener Stadthalle
10,725 / 10,725
$557,400

May 6, 2017
Milan
Italy
Mediolanum Forum
9,531 / 9,531
$512,040

May 9, 2017
Madrid
Spain
WiZink Center
7,982 / 7,982
$474,788

May 10, 2017
Lisbon
Portugal
MEO Arena
12,474 / 12,474
$606,913

May 12, 2017
Barcelona
Spain
Palau Sant Jordi
11,202 / 11,202
$644,300

May 14, 2017
Zürich
Switzerland
Hallenstadion
12,063 / 13,000
$799,372

May 15, 2017
Munich
Germany
Olympiahalle
10,990 / 10,990
$568,347

May 17, 2017
Stockholm
Sweden
Ericsson Globe
11,342 / 11,342
$624,676

May 19, 2017
Oslo
Norway
Telenor Arena
8,007 / 8,007
$700,236

May 21, 2017
Copenhagen
Denmark
Forum Copenhagen
7,038 / 7,038
$444,581

May 22, 2017
Hamburg
Germany
Barclaycard Arena
11,985 / 12,988
$633,485

May 24, 2017
Paris
France
AccorHotels Arena
11,037 / 11,037
$722,458

May 27, 2017
Brussels
Belgium
Palais 12
9,242 / 9,242
$452,694

May 30, 2017
Dublin
Republic of Ireland
3Arena
8,674 / 8,674
$641,209

June 1, 2017
London
England
The O2 Arena
31,942 / 32,228
$1,535,870

June 2, 2017

North America[1][6]

July 6, 2017
Portland
United States
Moda Center
Charlie Puth
12,718 / 12,718
$563,506

July 8, 2017
Vancouver
Canada
Rogers Arena
11,944 / 12,578
$658,946

July 9, 2017
Seattle
United States
KeyArena
11,655 / 11,827
$571,611

July 11, 2017
Oakland
Oracle Arena
13,798 / 13,798
$797,363

July 12, 2017
Los Angeles
Staples Center
13,445 / 13,610
$812,975

July 14, 2017
San Diego
Valley View Casino Center
10,354 / 10,486
$507,726

July 15, 2017
Glendale
Gila River Arena
13,310 / 13,310
$584,916

July 17, 2017
Denver
Pepsi Center
11,958 / 12,286
$532,151

July 19, 2017
Dallas
American Airlines Center
12,996 / 13,434
$680,395

July 21, 2017
San Antonio
AT&T Center
13,310 / 13,310
$573,043

July 22, 2017
Houston
Toyota Center
11,748 / 11,748
$580,149

July 25, 2017
Tampa
Amalie Arena
12,479 / 12,479
$552,602

July 26, 2017
Miami
American Airlines Arena
13,177 / 13,177
$629,472

July 28, 2017
Orlando
Amway Center
12,233 / 12,233
$619,430

July 29, 2017
Duluth
Infinite Energy Arena
10,319 / 10,319
$582,086

July 31, 2017
Nashville
Bridgestone Arena
13,558 / 13,558
$718,875

August 2, 2017
Cleveland
Quicken Loans Arena
12,811 / 12,811
$636,823

August 3, 2017
Rosemont
Allstate Arena
13,000 / 13,000
$761,528

August 5, 2017
Omaha
CenturyLink Center Omaha
12,456 / 12,456
$571,515

August 6, 2017
Saint Paul
Xcel Energy Center
14,105 / 14,105
$766,872

August 11, 2017
Toronto
Canada
Air Canada Centre
27,972 / 27,972
$1,579,750

August 12, 2017

August 14, 2017
Montreal
Bell Centre
15,427 / 15,427
$963,863

August 16, 2017
Brooklyn
United States
Barclays Center
13,687 / 13,687
$741,191

August 17, 2017
Newark
Prudential Center
12,541 / 12,541
$663,481

August 19, 2017
Washington, D.C.
Capital One Arena
13,531 / 13,531
$741,522

August 20, 2017
Pittsburgh
PPG Paints Arena
12,989 / 12,989
$627,641

August 22, 2017
Philadelphia
Wells Fargo Center
14,028 / 14,028
$731,611

August 23, 2017
Boston
TD Garden
13,065 / 13,065
$771,325

Latin America[1]

September 16, 2017[a]
Rio de Janeiro
Brazil
Barra Olympic Park
N/A
N/A
N/A

Oceania[1]

November 25, 2017
Auckland
New Zealand
Spark Arena
Julia Michaels
—
—

November 29, 2017
Brisbane
Australia
Brisbane Entertainment Centre
—
—

December 1, 2017
Sydney
Qudos Bank Arena
—
—

December 3, 2017
Melbourne
Rod Laver Arena
—
—

December 6, 2017
Perth
Perth Arena
—
—

Asia[1]

December 9, 2017
Singapore
The Star Performing Arts Centre
N/A
—
—

December 11, 2017
Bangkok
Thailand
IMPACT Arena
—
—

December 13, 2017
Hong Kong
AsiaWorld–Expo
—
—

December 18, 2017
Tokyo
Japan
Tokyo International Forum
—
—

Total
582,378 / 586,356 (99.3%)
$32,455,654

text: Cancelled shows[edit]

text:
List of cancelled concerts, showing date, city, country, venue and reason for cancellation

Date
City
Country
Venue
Reason

September 20, 2017
Mexico City
Mexico
Auditorio Nacional
2017 Central Mexico earthquake[7]

text: Notes[edit]

text: Jump up ^ The show on September 16, 2017, in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil is a part of the Rock in Rio festival.

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