document_title: The British Soap Awards

question_text: who won best newcomer at the soap awards 2017

text: The British Soap Awards

text: History

text: The first event took place in 1999 and the event takes place in May each year. Although it is an ITV production, the events were held at the BBC Television Centre, in London until 2010. The 2011 awards relocated to Granada Studios in Manchester, then to The London Studios for the 2012 awards. The 2014 awards took place at the Hackney Empire, as did the 2016 and 2018 awards. The 2015 awards were held at Palace Theatre, Manchester.

text: The soap operas nominated for awards are Coronation Street, Doctors, EastEnders, Emmerdale and Hollyoaks. Now-defunct soaps that were formerly nominated for awards were Brookside, Crossroads, Family Affairs and Night and Day.

text: Coronation Street and EastEnders had been the only two soaps to win the "Best British Soap" award from 1999 to 2013, until Hollyoaks won it in 2014. Emmerdale became the fourth soap to win the award in 2016, meaning that only Doctors have yet to win the award out of the current contenders.

text: As of 2017, EastEnders actress Lacey Turner is the most decorated performer with 10 wins.

text: In 2016, it was reported that the award for outstanding achievement off-screen would be known as the Tony Warren award following the death of Tony Warren, the creator of Coronation Street.[1][2]

text: It was confirmed on 2 May 2017 that for the first time in the history of the Soap Awards, the 2017 awards would be broadcast live on ITV.[3] However, on 31 May 2017, it was announced the event would not be broadcast live in 2017, due to a scheduling conflict that had resulted in ITV moving forward the live grand final of Britain's Got Talent. On 1 May 2018, ITV announced that for the 20th anniversary of the show, it will be broadcast live (for first time) on Saturday 2 June 2018.[citation needed]

text: As of 2018, Coronation Street have the most awards with 111, followed by EastEnders with 106, Emmerdale with 44, Hollyoaks with 35, Doctors with 14, Brookside with 9, Family Affairs with 3, Home and Away with 2 and Night and Day with 1.

text: Ceremonies

text:
Year
Presenters
Location

1999

Richard Madeley and Judy Finnigan

BBC Television Centre, London

2000

2001

2002

Matthew Kelly

2003

Des O'Connor and Melanie Sykes

2004

Paul O'Grady

2005

2006

Phillip Schofield and Fern Britton

2007

2008

2009

Phillip Schofield

2010

2011

Granada Studios, Manchester

2012

The London Studios, London

2013

MediaCityUK, Salford

2014

Hackney Empire, London

2015

Palace Theatre, Manchester

2016

Hackney Empire, London

2017

The Lowry, Salford

2018

Hackney Empire, London

text: Awards summary table

text:
Ceremony
"Best British Soap" Winner
Most wins

Number

Soap opera(s)

1999
Coronation Street
5
Coronation Street and EastEnders

2000
EastEnders
7
EastEnders

2001
7
EastEnders

2002
9
EastEnders

2003
Coronation Street
9
Coronation Street

2004
EastEnders
7
EastEnders

2005
Coronation Street
7
Coronation Street

2006
EastEnders
7
EastEnders

2007
Coronation Street
7
Coronation Street

2008
EastEnders
6
Hollyoaks

2009
6
EastEnders

2010
10

2011
8
Coronation Street

2012
7
Coronation Street and EastEnders

2013
Coronation Street
8
Coronation Street

2014
Hollyoaks
8

2015
EastEnders
8
EastEnders

2016
Emmerdale
5
EastEnders and Emmerdale

2017
6
Emmerdale

2018
Coronation Street
6
Coronation Street

text: 2018 winners

text: The 2018 awards were broadcast live for first time on 2 June 2018.

text: Liz Dawn, who played Vera Duckworth in Coronation Street, was remembered during the ceremony after passing away in September 2017.

text:
Award
Winners
Nominees

"Best British Soap"
Coronation Street
DoctorsEastEndersEmmerdaleHollyoaks

"Best Actor"
Jack P. Shepherd (David Platt in Coronation Street)
Connor McIntyre (Pat Phelan in Coronation Street)Michael Parr (Ross Barton in Emmerdale)Ryan Hawley (Robert Sugden in Emmerdale)Theo Graham (Hunter McQueen in Hollyoaks)

"Best Actress"Presented by Sally Lindsay
Lucy Fallon (Bethany Platt in Coronation Street)
Catherine Tyldesley (Eva Price in Coronation Street)Lacey Turner (Stacey Fowler in EastEnders)Emma Atkins (Charity Dingle in Emmerdale)Anna Passey (Sienna Blake in Hollyoaks)

"Best Newcomer"
Lorraine Stanley (Karen Taylor in EastEnders)
Nicola Thorp (Nicola Rubinstein in Coronation Street)Reis Bruce (Austin Lonsdale in Doctors)Andrew Scarborough (Graham Foster in Emmerdale)Lauren McQueen (Lily Drinkwell in Hollyoaks)

"Best Comedy Performance"Presented by Sherrie Hewson and Tony Maudsley
Ian Midlane (Al Haskey in Doctors)
Louiza Patikas (Moira Pollock in Coronation Street)Nitin Ganatra (Masood Ahmed in EastEnders)Sally Dexter (Faith Dingle in Emmerdale)Nicole Barber-Lane (Myra McQueen in Hollyoaks)

"Best On-Screen Partnership"Presented by Andrea McLean and Stacey Solomon
Theo Graham & Malique Thompson-Dwyer (Hunter & Prince McQueen in Hollyoaks)
Bhavna Limbachia & Faye Brookes (Rana Nazir & Kate Connor in Coronation Street)Matthew Chambers & Elisabeth Dermot Walsh (Daniel Granger & Zara Carmichael in Doctors)Jake Wood & Lacey Turner (Max Branning & Stacey Fowler in EastEnders)Ned Porteous & Andrew Scarborough (Joe Tate & Graham Foster in Emmerdale)

"Best Male Dramatic Performance"
Ross Adams (Scott Drinkwell in Hollyoaks)
Connor McIntyre (Pat Phelan in Coronation Street)Chris Walker (Rob Hollins in Doctors)Jake Wood (Max Branning in EastEnders)Jeff Hordley (Cain Dingle in Emmerdale)

"Best Female Dramatic Performance"Presented by Shirley Ballas
Lucy Fallon (Bethany Platt in Coronation Street)
Laura Rollins (Ayesha Lee in Doctors)Lacey Turner (Stacey Fowler in EastEnders)Natalie J. Robb (Moira Dingle in Emmerdale)Nadine Rose Mulkerrin (Cleo McQueen in Hollyoaks)

"Best Young Actor"
Isobel Steele (Liv Flaherty in Emmerdale)
Matilda Freeman (Summer Spellman in Coronation Street)Maisie Smith (Tiffany Butcher in EastEnders)Ela-May Dermican (Leah Barnes in Hollyoaks)

"Villain of the Year"
Connor McIntyre (Pat Phelan in Coronation Street)
Ryan Prescott (Liam Slade in Doctors)Jake Wood (Max Branning in EastEnders)Gillian Kearney (Emma Barton in Emmerdale)David Easter (Mac Nightingale in Hollyoaks)

"Scene of the Year"Presented by Brooke Kinsella and Maggie Oliver
Bollywood proposal (Doctors)  Lauren and Abi's rooftop fall (EastEnders)
The grooming of Bethany (Coronation Street)Emma meets her fate (Emmerdale)Scott's suicide note (Hollyoaks)

"Best Storyline"Presented by Ranvir Singh
Lily's self-harm (Hollyoaks)
Phelan's reign of terror (Coronation Street) "Consequences" - Rob Hollins's PTSD (Doctors)Karma for Max (EastEnders)Who Killed Emma? (Emmerdale)

"Best Single Episode"Presented by Louise Redknapp
"Three Mothers, Three Daughters" (Hollyoaks)
Eva and Aidan's wedding debacle (Coronation Street)"Stop All The Clocks" (Doctors)Max's last stand (EastEnders)Cain and Faith flashback (Emmerdale)

"Outstanding Achievement Award"
Rudolph Walker (Patrick Trueman in EastEnders)
N/A

"The Tony Warren Award"
Kieran Roberts (Coronation Street producer)
N/A

"Greatest Moment"
Hotten bypass crash (Emmerdale, 2016)
Richard Hillman drives his family into the canal (Coronation Street, 2003)Vivien's rape (Doctors, 2008)"You ain't my mother" (EastEnders, 2001)Jade says goodbye to Alfie (Hollyoaks, 2016)

text: 2017 winners

text: The 2017 awards took place on 3 June 2017 at The Lowry in Salford. It was originally planned for the event to be broadcast live for the first time but due to ITV moving the live grand final of Britain's Got Talent into its scheduled timeslot, the awards were instead pre-recorded as before and broadcast on ITV on 6 June 2017.

text: After the end credits in the broadcast version, dedications appeared to Jean Alexander (Hilda Ogden in Coronation Street), who died in October 2016, and Roy Barraclough (Alec Gilroy in Coronation Street), who died in June 2017.

text:
Award
Winners
Nominees

"Best British Soap"
Emmerdale
Coronation StreetDoctorsEastEndersHollyoaks

"Best Actor"
John Middleton (Ashley Thomas in Emmerdale)
Jack P. Shepherd (David Platt in Coronation Street)Danny Miller (Aaron Dingle in Emmerdale)Jamie Lomas (Warren Fox in Hollyoaks)Gregory Finnegan (James Nightingale in Hollyoaks)

"Best Actress"
Charlotte Bellamy (Laurel Thomas in Emmerdale)
Kym Marsh (Michelle Connor in Coronation Street)Lucy Fallon (Bethany Platt in Coronation Street)Lacey Turner (Stacey Fowler in EastEnders)Anna Passey (Sienna Blake in Hollyoaks)

"Best Newcomer"
Rob Mallard (Daniel Osbourne in Coronation Street)
Rita Arya (Dr. Megan Sharma in Doctors)Zack Morris (Keegan Baker in EastEnders)Sally Dexter (Faith Dingle in Emmerdale)Duncan James (Ryan Knight in Hollyoaks)

"Best Comedy Performance"
Dolly-Rose Campbell (Gemma Winter in Coronation Street)
Elisabeth Dermot Walsh (Zara Carmichael in Doctors)Tameka Empson (Kim Fox-Hubbard in EastEnders)Dominic Brunt (Paddy Kirk in Emmerdale)Nicole Barber-Lane (Myra McQueen in Hollyoaks)

"Best On-Screen Partnership"
Richard Linnell & Kassius Nelson (Alfie Nightingale & Jade Albright in Hollyoaks)
Malcolm Hebden & Patti Clare (Norris Cole & Mary Taylor in Coronation Street)Matthew Chambers & Elisabeth Dermot Walsh (Daniel Granger & Zara Carmichael in Doctors)James Bye & Lacey Turner (Martin & Stacey Fowler in EastEnders)John Middleton & Charlotte Bellamy (Ashley & Laurel Thomas in Emmerdale)

"Best Male Dramatic Performance"
John Middleton (Ashley Thomas in Emmerdale)
Simon Gregson (Steve McDonald in Coronation Street)Ian Midlane (Al Haskey in Doctors)Steve McFadden (Phil Mitchell in EastEnders)Kieron Richardson (Ste Hay in Hollyoaks)

"Best Female Dramatic Performance"Presented by Martine McCutcheon
Kym Marsh (Michelle Connor in Coronation Street)
Dido Miles (Emma Reid in Doctors)Diane Parish (Denise Fox in EastEnders)Charlotte Bellamy (Laurel Thomas in Emmerdale)Nadine Rose Mulkerrin (Cleo McQueen in Hollyoaks)

"Best Young Actor"
Elle Mulvaney (Amy Barlow in Coronation Street)
Bleu Landau (Dennis Rickman Jnr in EastEnders)Isobel Steele (Liv Flaherty in Emmerdale)Ela-May Demircan (Leah Barnes in Hollyoaks)

"Villain of the Year"Presented by Gray O'Brien
Lucy-Jo Hudson (Rhiannon Davis in Doctors)
Connor McIntyre (Pat Phelan in Coronation Street)Jake Wood (Max Branning in EastEnders)Gillian Kearney (Emma Barton in Emmerdale)Persephone Swales-Dawson (Nico Blake in Hollyoaks)

"Scene of the Year"
Jade says goodbye to Alfie (Hollyoaks)
Michelle's goodbye to Ruairi (Coronation Street)Haunted by his voices (Doctors)Ronnie and Roxy's exit (EastEnders)The Hotten bypass pile-up (Emmerdale)

"Best Storyline"
Ashley's dementia (Emmerdale)
The grooming of Bethany (Coronation Street)Rhiannon's second chance (Doctors)Lee's mental health (EastEnders)Teenage cancer (Hollyoaks)

"Best Single Episode"
Ashley's point of view (Emmerdale)
Kylie's death (Coronation Street)"A Christmas Carol" (Doctors)Lee on the edge (EastEnders)"What is Consent?" (Hollyoaks)

"Outstanding Achievement Award"
Nick Pickard (Tony Hutchinson in Hollyoaks)
N/A

The Tony Warren Award"
Gillian Richmond (EastEnders writer)
N/A

text: 2016 winners

text: Peter Baldwin (Derek Wilton in Coronation Street), Stephen Hancock (Ernest Bishop in Coronation Street), Shirley Stelfox (Edna Birch in Emmerdale), Kitty McGeever (Lizzie Lakely in Emmerdale), Kristian Ealey (Matt Musgrove in Brookside and Hollyoaks) and Morag Siller (Marilyn Dingle in Emmerdale) were remembered during the ceremony which was held on 29 May.[4]

text:
Award
Winners
Nominees

"Best British Soap"Presented by Joan Collins
Emmerdale
Coronation StreetDoctorsEastEndersHollyoaks

"Best Actor"Presented by Brenda Blethyn
Danny Miller (Aaron Livesy in Emmerdale)
Jack P. Shepherd (David Platt in Coronation Street)Danny Dyer (Mick Carter in EastEnders)Charlie Clapham (Freddie Roscoe in Hollyoaks)Kieron Richardson (Ste Hay in Hollyoaks)

"Best Actress"Presented by Patrick Baladi
Lacey Turner (Stacey Fowler in EastEnders)
Alison King (Carla Connor in Coronation Street)Rakhee Thakrar (Shabnam Masood in EastEnders)Lucy Pargeter (Chas Dingle in Emmerdale)Jennifer Metcalfe (Mercedes McQueen in Hollyoaks)

"Best Newcomer"Presented by Vicky Pattison and George Shelley
Bonnie Langford (Carmel Kazemi in EastEnders)
Shayne Ward (Aidan Connor in Coronation Street)Bharti Patel (Ruhma Hanif in Doctors)Isobel Steele (Liv Flaherty in Emmerdale)Duayne Boachie (Zack Loveday in Hollyoaks)

"Best Comedy Performance"Presented by Al Murray
Patti Clare (Mary Taylor in Coronation Street)
Sarah Moyle (Valerie Pitman in Doctors)Tameka Empson (Kim Fox-Hubbard in EastEnders)Matthew Wolfenden (David Metcalfe in Emmerdale)Ross Adams (Scott Drinkwell in Hollyoaks)

"Best On-Screen Partnership"Presented by Dom and Steph Parker
Joe Duttine & Sally Dynevor (Tim & Sally Metcalfe in Coronation Street)
Ian Kelsey & Dido Miles (Howard Bellamy & Emma Reid in Doctors)Danny Dyer & Kellie Bright (Mick & Linda Carter in EastEnders)Danny Miller & Ryan Hawley (Aaron Dingle & Robert Sugden in Emmerdale)Ashley Taylor Dawson & Jessica Fox (Darren & Nancy Osborne in Hollyoaks)

"Best Female Dramatic Performance"Presented by Jason Watkins
Lacey Turner (Stacey Fowler in EastEnders)
Tina O'Brien (Sarah Platt in Coronation Street)Sarah Moyle (Valerie Pitman in Doctors)Charlotte Bellamy (Laurel Thomas in Emmerdale)Zöe Lucker (Reenie McQueen in Hollyoaks)

"Best Male Dramatic Performance"Presented by Amanda Mealing
Danny Miller (Aaron Livesy in Emmerdale)
Jack P. Shepherd (David Platt in Coronation Street)Adrian Lewis Morgan (Jimmi Clay in Doctors)Steve McFadden (Phil Mitchell in EastEnders)Jeremy Sheffield (Patrick Blake in Hollyoaks)

"Best Young Performance"Presented by Reggie and Bollie
Ruby O'Donnell (Peri Lomax in Hollyoaks)
Elle Mulvaney (Amy Barlow in Coronation Street)Grace (Janet Mitchell in EastEnders)Amelia Flanagan (April Windsor in Emmerdale)

"Villain of the Year"Presented by Steve Pemberton
Connor McIntyre (Pat Phelan in Coronation Street)
Adam Astill (Anthony Harker in Doctors)Ellen Thomas (Claudette Hubbard in EastEnders)Ryan Hawley (Robert Sugden in Emmerdale)Sophie Austin (Lindsey Roscoe in Hollyoaks)

"Scene of the Year"Presented by Nadiya Hussain
Val's death (Emmerdale)
Callum's death (Coronation Street)Valerie leaves Barry at the altar (Doctors)Mick and Linda finally get married (EastEnders)Nico kills Patrick (Hollyoaks)

"Best Storyline"Presented by Kay Burley
Stacey's postpartum psychosis (EastEnders)
Callum's reign of terror & Sarah's baby (Coronation Street)Treehouse (Doctors)Aaron's abuse (Emmerdale)The McQueen's cycle of abuse (Hollyoaks)

"Best Single Episode"Presented by John Prescott
"The Heart of England" (Doctors)
The Live Episode (Coronation Street)Shabnam's stillbirth (EastEnders)Aftermath of Village Hall explosion (Emmerdale)Patrick's right to die decision (Hollyoaks)

"Outstanding Achievement Award"Presented by Adam Woodyatt
Steve McFadden (Phil Mitchell in EastEnders)
N/A

"The Tony Warren Award"Presented by Charlie Lawson
James Bain (Coronation Street and Emmerdale Casting Director)
N/A

text: 2015 winners

text: Anne Kirkbride, who played Deirdre Barlow in Coronation Street, was remembered during the ceremony after passing away in January 2015.

text: John Bardon, who played Jim Branning in EastEnders, was also remembered during the ceremony, after passing away in September 2014.

text:
Award
Winners
Nominees

"Best British Soap"
EastEnders
Coronation StreetDoctorsEmmerdaleHollyoaks

"Best Actor"
Adam Woodyatt (Ian Beale in EastEnders)
Simon Gregson (Steve McDonald in Coronation Street)David Neilson (Roy Cropper in Coronation Street)Danny Dyer (Mick Carter in EastEnders)Michael Parr (Ross Barton in Emmerdale)

"Best Actress"
Kellie Bright (Linda Carter in EastEnders)
Alison King (Carla Connor in Coronation Street)Laurie Brett (Jane Beale in EastEnders)Natalie Anderson (Alicia Metcalfe in Emmerdale)Nikki Sanderson (Maxine Minniver in Hollyoaks)

"Best Newcomer"
Jessica Regan (Niamh Donoghue in Doctors)
Sean Ward (Callum Logan in Coronation Street)Davood Ghadami (Kush Kazemi in EastEnders)Ryan Hawley (Robert Sugden in Emmerdale)Twinnie Lee Moore (Porsche McQueen in Hollyoaks)

"Best Comedy Performance"
Sally Dynevor (Sally Webster in Coronation Street)
Sarah Moyle (Valerie Pitman in Doctors)Tameka Empson (Kim Fox-Hubbard in EastEnders)Laura Norton (Kerry Wyatt in Emmerdale)Fabrizio Santino (Ziggy Roscoe in Hollyoaks)

"Best On-Screen Partnership"
Adam Woodyatt & Laurie Brett (Ian & Jane Beale in EastEnders)
Joe Duttine & Sally Dynevor (Tim Metcalfe & Sally Webster in Coronation Street)Ian Midlane & Jessica Regan (Al Haskey & Niamh Donoghue in Doctors)Michael Parr & Verity Rushworth (Ross Barton & Donna Windsor in Emmerdale)Ellis Hollins & Ruby O'Donnell (Tom Cunningham & Peri Lomax in Hollyoaks)

"Best Dramatic Performance"
Kellie Bright (Linda Carter in EastEnders)
Simon Gregson (Steve McDonald in Coronation Street)Lorna Laidlaw (Mrs. Tembe in Doctors)Natalie Anderson (Alicia Metcalfe in Emmerdale)Keith Rice (Finn O'Connor in Hollyoaks)

"Best Young Performance"
Amelia Flanagan (April Windsor in Emmerdale)
Ellie Leach (Faye Windass in Coronation Street)Jack Carroll (Peter Harker in Doctors)Eliot Carrington (Bobby Beale in EastEnders)Ruby O'Donnell (Peri Lomax in Hollyoaks)

"Villain of the Year"
Jeremy Sheffield (Patrick Blake in Hollyoaks)
Sean Ward (Callum Logan in Coronation Street)Daniel Schutzmann (Franc Christophe in Doctors)John Altman (Nick Cotton in EastEnders)Ryan Hawley (Robert Sugden in Emmerdale)

"Spectacular Scene of the Year"
Donna's goodbye (Emmerdale)
Deirdre throws the trifle (Coronation Street)Strictly dancing (Doctors)Kathy comes home (EastEnders)The train crash (Hollyoaks)

"Best Storyline"
Who Killed Lucy Beale? (EastEnders)
Steve and Michelle - Hearts and Minds (Coronation Street)Kevin and Poppy's underage relationship (Doctors)Donna's demise (Emmerdale)John Paul's rape ordeal (Hollyoaks)

"Best Single Episode"
EastEnders Live (EastEnders)
Rob's confession (Coronation Street)"Unfinished Business" (Doctors)Andy goes to the brink (Emmerdale)Ste's HIV diagnosis (Hollyoaks)

"Outstanding Achievement Award"Presented by William Roache and Beverley Callard
Anne Kirkbride (Deirdre Barlow in Coronation Street); posthumously
N/A

"Outstanding Achievement Award" (off-screen)Presented by Diane Parish and Gillian Taylforth
Rob Gittins (EastEnders writer)
N/A

text: This year's ceremony incorporated a "Social Issue Storyline" mention, which is where all of the soap operas' most controversial stories were specially mentioned. These include:

text:
Steve's depression (Coronation Street)
John Paul's rape (Hollyoaks)
Zara's breast-feeding campaign (Doctors)
Val's HIV diagnosis (Emmerdale)
Linda's rape (EastEnders)

text: 2014 winners

text: Richard Thorp, who played Alan Turner in Emmerdale, was remembered during the ceremony, after passing away in May 2013. This was also the final ceremony where "Sexiest Male" and "Sexiest Female" were awarded; Michelle Keegan, who plays Tina McIntyre in Coronation Street, won "Sexiest Female" for the sixth time in a row.

text:
Award
Winners
Nominees

"Best British Soap"
Hollyoaks
Coronation StreetDoctorsEastEndersEmmerdale

"Best Actor"Presented by Lynda La Plante
David Neilson (Roy Cropper in Coronation Street)
Danny Dyer (Mick Carter in EastEnders)Jeff Hordley (Cain Dingle in Emmerdale)Jeremy Sheffield (Patrick Blake in Hollyoaks)Kieron Richardson (Ste Hay in Hollyoaks)

"Best Actress"Presented by Colin Salmon
Julie Hesmondhalgh (Hayley Cropper in Coronation Street)
Lacey Turner (Stacey Branning in EastEnders)Lindsey Coulson (Carol Jackson in EastEnders)Stephanie Davis (Sinead Roscoe in Hollyoaks)Nikki Sanderson (Maxine Minniver in Hollyoaks)

"Sexiest Male"Presented by Ashley Roberts and Myleene Klass
Danny Mac (Dodger Savage in Hollyoaks)
Ryan Thomas (Jason Grimshaw in Coronation Street)Danny Dyer (Mick Carter in EastEnders)Matthew Wolfenden (David Metcalfe in Emmerdale)Ashley Taylor Dawson (Darren Osborne in Hollyoaks)

"Sexiest Female"Presented by Ashley Banjo and Perri Kiely
Michelle Keegan (Tina McIntyre in Coronation Street)
Georgia May Foote (Katy Armstrong in Coronation Street)Jacqueline Jossa (Lauren Branning in EastEnders)Jorgie Porter (Theresa McQueen in Hollyoaks)Jennifer Metcalfe (Mercedes Browning in Hollyoaks)

"Best Newcomer"Presented by Sam Bailey and Charlotte Hawkins
Maddy Hill (Nancy Carter in EastEnders)
Amy Kelly (Maddie Heath in Coronation Street)Michael Parr (Ross Barton in Emmerdale)Charlie Clapham (Freddie Roscoe in Hollyoaks)

"Best Comedy Performance"Presented by Vic Reeves
Simon Gregson (Steve McDonald in Coronation Street)
Sarah Moyle (Valerie Pitman in Doctors)Linda Henry (Shirley Carter in EastEnders)Laura Norton (Kerry Wyatt in Emmerdale)Dan Tetsell (Jim McGinn in Hollyoaks)

"Best On-Screen Partnership"Presented by Marvin and Rochelle Humes
David Neilson & Julie Hesmondhalgh (Roy & Hayley Cropper in Coronation Street)
Danielle Henry & Lu Corfield (Mandy Marquez & Lois Wilson in Doctors)Danny Dyer & Kellie Bright (Mick & Linda Carter in EastEnders)Chris Chittell & Charlie Hardwick (Eric & Val Pollard in Emmerdale)Joseph Thompson & Jennifer Metcalfe (Dr. Paul & Mercedes Browning in Hollyoaks)

"Best Dramatic Performance"Presented by Lesley Nicol and Roger Allam
David Neilson (Roy Cropper in Coronation Street)
Chris Walker (Rob Hollins in Doctors)Lindsey Coulson (Carol Jackson in EastEnders)Charley Webb (Debbie Dingle in Emmerdale)Stephanie Davis (Sinead Roscoe in Hollyoaks)

"Best Young Performance"Presented by Joey Essex and Dani Harmer
Ellis Hollins (Tom Cunningham in Hollyoaks)
Alex Bain (Simon Barlow in Coronation Street)Oliver Woollford (Tom Finlayson in Doctors)Mimi Keene (Cindy Williams in EastEnders)Joe Warren-Plant (Jacob Gallagher in Emmerdale)

"Villain of the Year"Presented by Martin Kemp
Anna Passey (Sienna Blake in Hollyoaks)
Charlie Brooks (Janine Butcher in EastEnders)Dominic Power (Cameron Murray in Emmerdale)Greg Wood (Trevor Royle in Hollyoaks)Jesse Birdsall (Fraser Black in Hollyoaks)

"Spectacular Scene of the Year"Presented by David Weir and David Seaman
The Woolpack siege and flood (Emmerdale)
Nick and David's car crash (Coronation Street)Opening of Austenland (Doctors)Johnny comes out to Mick (EastEnders)Hollyoaks Blast (Hollyoaks)

"Best Storyline"Presented by Ray Meagher and Ada Nicodemou
Hayley's cancer battle (Coronation Street)
Jas' stalking (Doctors)Hello Stacey, Goodbye Janine (EastEnders)Killer Cameron (Emmerdale)Sienna steals Nancy's life (Hollyoaks)

"Best Single Episode"Presented by Terry Wogan
Hayley's Death (Coronation Street)
"Perfect" (Doctors)Lucy's death - The Aftermath (EastEnders)The Woolpack siege (Emmerdale)John Paul's rape ordeal (Hollyoaks)

"Outstanding Achievement Award"
Helen Worth (Gail McIntyre in Coronation Street)
N/A

"Outstanding Achievement Award (Off-screen)"
Carolyn Weinstein (EastEnders)
N/A

text: 2013 winners

text: Bill Tarmey, who played Jack Duckworth in Coronation Street, was remembered during the ceremony, after passing away in November 2012.

text:
Award
Winners
Nominees

"Best British Soap"
Coronation Street
DoctorsEastEndersEmmerdaleHollyoaks

"Best Actor"Presented by Emma Samms
Alan Halsall (Tyrone Dobbs in Coronation Street)
Nitin Ganatra (Masood Ahmed in EastEnders)Shane Richie (Alfie Moon in EastEnders)Jeff Hordley (Cain Dingle in Emmerdale)Emmett J. Scanlan (Brendan Brady in Hollyoaks)

"Best Actress"Presented by Larry Lamb
Claire Cooper (Jacqui McQueen in Hollyoaks)
Jennie McAlpine (Fiz Stape in Coronation Street)Michelle Keegan (Tina McIntyre in Coronation Street)Jessie Wallace (Kat Moon in EastEnders)Nina Wadia (Zainab Khan in EastEnders)

"Sexiest Male"Presented by Amanda Donohoe
Danny Mac (Dodger Savage in Hollyoaks)
Chris Fountain (Tommy Duckworth in Coronation Street)David Witts (Joey Branning in EastEnders)Matthew Wolfenden (David Metcalfe in Emmerdale)Kieron Richardson (Ste Hay in Hollyoaks)

"Sexiest Female"Presented by Union J
Michelle Keegan (Tina McIntyre in Coronation Street)
Georgia May Foote (Katy Armstrong in Coronation Street)Jacqueline Jossa (Lauren Branning in EastEnders)Natalie Anderson (Alicia Gallagher in Emmerdale)Jorgie Porter (Theresa McQueen in Hollyoaks)

"Best Newcomer"Presented by Alan Fletcher and Saskia Hampele
Joseph Thompson (Dr. Paul Browning in Hollyoaks)
Marc Baylis (Rob Donovan in Coronation Street)Ian Midlane (Al Haskey in Doctors)Khali Best (Dexter Hartman in EastEnders)Laura Norton (Kerry Wyatt in Emmerdale)

"Best Exit"Presented by Mark Wright and Zoe Hardman
Nigel Havers (Lewis Archer in Coronation Street)
Lu Corfield (Freya Wilson in Doctors)Jamie Foreman (Derek Branning in EastEnders)Tom Lister (Carl King in Emmerdale)Emmett J. Scanlan (Brendan Brady in Hollyoaks)

"Best Comedy Performance"Presented by Tommy Cannon and Bobby Ball
Patti Clare (Mary Taylor in Coronation Street)
Ian Kelsey (Howard Bellamy in Doctors)Ricky Norwood (Fatboy in EastEnders)Dominic Brunt (Paddy Kirk in Emmerdale)Nicole Barber-Lane (Myra McQueen in Hollyoaks)

"Best On-Screen Partnership"Presented by Ashleigh and Pudsey
Emmett J. Scanlan & Kieron Richardson (Brendan Brady & Ste Hay in Hollyoaks)
Alan Halsall & Jennie McAlpine (Tyrone Dobbs & Fiz Stape in Coronation Street)Matthew Chambers & Elisabeth Dermot Walsh (Daniel Granger & Zara Carmichael in Doctors)Nitin Ganatra & Nina Wadia (Masood Ahmed & Zainab Khan in EastEnders)Dominic Power & Lucy Pargeter (Cameron Murray & Chas Spencer in Emmerdale)

"Best Dramatic Performance"Presented by James and Ola Jordan
Natalie Gumede (Kirsty Soames in Coronation Street)
Dido Miles (Emma Reid in Doctors)Jo Joyner (Tanya Cross in EastEnders)Lucy Pargeter (Chas Spencer in Emmerdale)Claire Cooper (Jacqui McQueen in Hollyoaks)

"Best Young Performance"Presented by Daniel Roche and Tyger Drew-Honey
Eden Taylor-Draper (Belle Dingle in Emmerdale)
Ellie Leach (Faye Windass in Coronation Street)Maisie Smith (Tiffany Butcher in EastEnders)Ellis Hollins (Tom Cunningham in Hollyoaks)

"Villain of the Year"Presented by Jon Culshaw
Natalie Gumede (Kirsty Soames in Coronation Street)
Nigel Havers (Lewis Archer in Coronation Street)Jamie Foreman (Derek Branning in EastEnders)Dominic Power (Cameron Murray in Emmerdale)Emmett J. Scanlan (Brendan Brady in Hollyoaks)

"Spectacular Scene of the Year"Presented by Nicola Adams and Luke Campbell
The bus crash (Hollyoaks)
The Rovers fire (Coronation Street)Julia's car crash (Doctors)The Olympic torch comes live to Walford (EastEnders)Cain's clifftop rescue of Zak (Emmerdale)

"Best Storyline"Presented by Kate Silverton
Kirsty's abuse of Tyrone (Coronation Street)
Sam's assisted suicide (Doctors)The demise of Derek Branning (EastEnders)Zak's depression (Emmerdale)Esther's bullying (Hollyoaks)

"Best Single Episode"Presented by Mary Berry
Emmerdale Live (Emmerdale)
Kirsty's treachery ends in Tyrone's arrest (Coronation Street)"The Scales" (Doctors)The identity of Kat's lover is revealed (EastEnders)The bus crash (Hollyoaks)

"Lifetime Achievement Award"Presented by Gillian Taylforth
Adam Woodyatt (Ian Beale in EastEnders)
N/A

text: 2012 winners

text: Betty Driver, who played Betty Williams in Coronation Street, was remembered during the ceremony, after passing away in October 2011.

text:
Award
Winners
Nominees

"Best British Soap"Presented by Rupert Everett
EastEnders
Coronation StreetDoctorsEmmerdaleHollyoaks

"Best Actor"
Danny Miller (Aaron Livesy in Emmerdale)
Chris Gascoyne (Peter Barlow in Coronation Street)Shane Richie (Alfie Moon in EastEnders)Emmett J. Scanlan (Brendan Brady in Hollyoaks)

"Best Actress"
Alison King (Carla Connor in Coronation Street)
Jo Joyner (Tanya Jessop in EastEnders)Nina Wadia (Zainab Masood in EastEnders)Karen Hassan (Lynsey Nolan in Hollyoaks)

"Sexiest Male"Presented by Emma Bunton and Melanie C
Scott Maslen (Jack Branning in EastEnders)
Chris Fountain (Tommy Duckworth in Coronation Street)Matthew Wolfenden (David Metcalfe in Emmerdale)Danny Mac (Dodger Savage in Hollyoaks)

"Sexiest Female"Presented by Keith Lemon
Michelle Keegan (Tina McIntyre in Coronation Street)
Jacqueline Jossa (Lauren Branning in EastEnders)Preeya Kalidas (Amira Masood in EastEnders)Jorgie Porter (Theresa McQueen in Hollyoaks)

"Best Newcomer"Presented by Marcus Collins and Dionne Bromfield
Natalie Gumede (Kirsty Soames in Coronation Street)
Lu Corfield (Freya Wilson in Doctors)Jamie Foreman (Derek Branning in EastEnders)Gemma Oaten (Rachel Breckle in Emmerdale)

"Best Exit"
Katherine Kelly (Becky McDonald in Coronation Street)
Pam St Clement (Pat Evans in EastEnders)James Thornton (John Barton in Emmerdale)Kim Tiddy (Heidi Costello in Hollyoaks)

"Best Comedy Performance"Presented by Bradley Walsh
Stephanie Cole (Sylvia Goodwin in Coronation Street)
Jan Pearson (Karen Hollins in Doctors)Tameka Empson (Kim Fox in EastEnders)Joe Tracini (Dennis Savage in Hollyoaks)

"Best On-Screen Partnership"
Jake Wood & Jo Joyner (Max Branning & Tanya Jessop in EastEnders)
Matthew Chambers & Elisabeth Dermot Walsh (Daniel Granger & Zara Carmichael in Doctors)Jeff Hordley & Emma Atkins (Cain Dingle & Charity Sharma in Emmerdale)Ashley Taylor Dawson & Jessica Fox (Darren & Nancy Osborne in Hollyoaks)

"Best Dramatic Performance"Presented by Jerry Hall
Jo Joyner (Tanya Jessop in EastEnders)
Alison King (Carla Connor in Coronation Street)Owen Brenman (Heston Carter in Doctors)Jeff Hordley (Cain Dingle in Emmerdale)

"Best Young Performance"
Lorna Fitzgerald  (Abi Branning in EastEnders)
Alex Bain (Simon Barlow in Coronation Street)Charlie Kenyon (Cameron Waterhouse in Doctors)Eden Taylor-Draper (Belle Dingle in Emmerdale)

"Villain of the Year"
Andrew Lancel (Frank Foster in Coronation Street)
Ace Bhatti (Yusef Khan in EastEnders)Joshua Pascoe (Ben Mitchell in EastEnders)Jeff Rawle (Silas Blissett in Hollyoaks)

"Spectacular Scene of the Year"
John and Moira's car accident (Emmerdale)
Carla's car crash (Coronation Street)Fire at the B&B (EastEnders)Rae's murder (Hollyoaks)

"Best Storyline"Presented by Andrea McLean and Lisa Maxwell
Jackson's choice (Emmerdale)
Carla's rape ordeal (Coronation Street)Lauren's murder (Doctors)The Brannings deal with Tanya's cancer diagnosis (EastEnders)

"Best Single Episode"Presented by Danny Dyer and Denise van Outen
Becky's Final Farewell (Coronation Street)
"Last Words" (Doctors)Pat: The End of an Era (EastEnders)The Longest Day (Emmerdale)

"Special Achievement Award"Presented by Jake Wood
Simon Ashdown (EastEnders)
N/A

"Lifetime Achievement Award"
Pam St Clement (Pat Evans in EastEnders)
N/A

text: 2011 winners

text:
Award
Winners
Nominees

"Best British Soap"Presented by Jesse Metcalfe
EastEnders
Coronation StreetDoctorsEmmerdaleHollyoaks

"Best Actor"
Danny Miller (Aaron Livesy in Emmerdale)
Chris Gascoyne (Peter Barlow in Coronation Street)Shane Richie (Alfie Moon in EastEnders)Emmett J. Scanlan (Brendan Brady in Hollyoaks)

"Best Actress"
Jessie Wallace (Kat Moon in EastEnders)
Katherine Kelly (Becky McDonald in Coronation Street)Jane Cox (Lisa Dingle in Emmerdale)Claire Cooper (Jacqui McQueen in Hollyoaks)

"Sexiest Male"Presented by Sugababes
Scott Maslen (Jack Branning in EastEnders)
Keith Duffy (Ciaran McCarthy in Coronation Street)Chris Fountain (Tommy Duckworth in Coronation Street)Danny Miller (Aaron Livesy in Emmerdale)

"Sexiest Female"Presented by McFly
Michelle Keegan (Tina McIntyre in Coronation Street)
Alison King (Carla Connor in Coronation Street)Rita Simons (Roxy Mitchell in EastEnders)Jennifer Metcalfe (Mercedes McQueen in Hollyoaks)

"Best Newcomer"
Emmett J. Scanlan (Brendan Brady in Hollyoaks)
Paula Lane (Kylie Turner in Coronation Street)Ricky Norwood (Fatboy in EastEnders)Pauline Quirke (Hazel Rhodes in Emmerdale)

"Best Exit"
Bill Tarmey (Jack Duckworth in Coronation Street)
Lacey Turner (Stacey Branning in EastEnders)Andy Devine (Shadrach Dingle in Emmerdale)Carley Stenson (Steph Roach in Hollyoaks)

"Best Comedy Performance"
Patti Clare (Mary Taylor in Coronation Street)
Tameka Empson (Kim Fox in EastEnders)Charlie Hardwick (Val Pollard in Emmerdale)Alex Carter (Lee Hunter in Hollyoaks)

"Best On-Screen Partnership"
Shane Richie & Jessie Wallace (Alfie & Kat Moon  in EastEnders)
Simon Gregson & Katherine Kelly (Steve & Becky McDonald in Coronation Street)Jeff Hordley & Emma Atkins (Cain Dingle & Charity Tate in Emmerdale)Emmett J. Scanlan & Kieron Richardson (Brendan Brady & Ste Hay in Hollyoaks)

"Best Dramatic Performance"
Jane Danson (Leanne Battersby in Coronation Street)
Lindsey Coulson (Carol Jackson in EastEnders)Danny Miller (Aaron Livesy in Emmerdale)Claire Cooper (Jacqui McQueen in Hollyoaks)

"Best Young Performance"
Alex Bain  (Simon Barlow in Coronation Street)
Maisie Smith (Tiffany Butcher in EastEnders)Eden Taylor-Draper (Belle Dingle in Emmerdale)Ellis Hollins (Tom Cunningham in Hollyoaks)

"Villain of the Year"
Emmett J. Scanlan (Brendan Brady in Hollyoaks)
Kate Ford (Tracy Barlow in Coronation Street)Charlie Brooks (Janine Malloy in EastEnders)Don Gilet (Lucas Johnson in EastEnders)

"Spectacular Scene of the Year"
The tram crash (Coronation Street)
The Queen Vic fire (EastEnders)The train crash (Emmerdale)The lift shaft (Hollyoaks)

"Best Storyline"
End of the line for the Websters and Dobbs (Coronation Street)
Karen's abortion (Doctors)Ronnie swaps her baby for Kat's (EastEnders)Holly's drug addiction (Emmerdale)

"Best Single Episode"
Coronation Street Live (Coronation Street)
23 August (Doctors)Billie's death (EastEnders)The Betrayed (Emmerdale)

"Special Achievement Award"Presented by Danny Miller
Gavin Blyth (Emmerdale); posthumously
N/A

"Lifetime Achievement Award"
Bill Tarmey (Jack Duckworth in Coronation Street)
N/A

text: 2010 winners

text: Maggie Jones, who played Blanche Hunt in Coronation Street, was remembered during the ceremony, after passing away in December 2009.

text:
Award
Winners
Nominees

"Best British Soap"
EastEnders
Coronation StreetDoctorsEmmerdaleHollyoaks

"Best Actor"
Scott Maslen (Jack Branning in EastEnders)
Chris Gascoyne (Peter Barlow in Coronation Street)Nitin Ganatra (Masood Ahmed in EastEnders)Danny Miller (Aaron Livesy in Emmerdale)

"Best Actress"
Lacey Turner (Stacey Branning in EastEnders)
Katherine Kelly (Becky McDonald in Coronation Street)Nina Wadia (Zainab Masood in EastEnders)Charlotte Bellamy (Laurel Thomas in Emmerdale)

"Sexiest Male"
Scott Maslen (Jack Branning in EastEnders)
Keith Duffy (Ciaran McCarthy in Coronation Street)John Partridge (Christian Clarke in EastEnders)Ricky Whittle (Calvin Valentine in Hollyoaks)

"Sexiest Female"
Michelle Keegan (Tina McIntyre in Coronation Street)
Kym Marsh (Michelle Connor in Coronation Street)Preeya Kalidas (Amira Masood in EastEnders)Samantha Womack (Ronnie Mitchell in EastEnders)

"Best Newcomer"Presented by Ben Richards and Louie Spence
Marc Elliott (Syed Masood in EastEnders)
Sophie Abelson (Cherry Malone in Doctors)Lyndon Ogbourne (Nathan Wylde in Emmerdale)Bronagh Waugh (Cheryl Brady in Hollyoaks)

"Best Exit"
Charlie Clements (Bradley Branning in EastEnders)
Reece Dinsdale (Joe McIntyre in Coronation Street)Maxwell Caulfield (Mark Wylde in Emmerdale)Jamie Lomas (Warren Fox in Hollyoaks)

"Best Comedy Performance"
Craig Gazey (Graeme Proctor in Coronation Street)
Nina Wadia (Zainab Masood in EastEnders)Dominic Brunt (Paddy Kirk in Emmerdale)Bronagh Waugh (Cheryl Brady in Hollyoaks)

"Best On-Screen Partnership"
Chris Walker & Jan Pearson (Rob & Karen Hollins in Doctors)
Simon Gregson & Katherine Kelly (Steve & Becky McDonald in Coronation Street)Sid Owen & Patsy Palmer (Ricky & Bianca Butcher in EastEnders)Nick Miles & Nicola Wheeler (Jimmy King & Nicola De Souza in Emmerdale)

"Best Dramatic Performance"
Lacey Turner (Stacey Branning in EastEnders)
Chris Gascoyne (Peter Barlow in Coronation Street)Danny Miller (Aaron Livesy in Emmerdale)Glen Wallace (Malachy Fisher in Hollyoaks)

"Best Dramatic Performance from a Young Actor or Actress"Presented by Tom Felton
Ami Metcalf (Sapphire Cox in Doctors)
Alex Bain (Simon Barlow in Coronation Street)Maisie Smith (Tiffany Butcher in EastEnders)Oscar Lloyd (Will Wylde in Emmerdale)

"Villain of the Year"
Larry Lamb (Archie Mitchell in EastEnders)
Gray O'Brien (Tony Gordon in Coronation Street)Don Gilet (Lucas Johnson in EastEnders)Sian Reeves (Sally Spode in Emmerdale)

"Spectacular Scene of the Year"
Sarah's parachute death (Hollyoaks)
Joe drowns (Coronation Street)Master of the Universe - Siege (Doctors)Home Farm Shop Crash (Emmerdale)

"Best Storyline"
Who Killed Archie? (EastEnders)
Peter's alcoholism (Coronation Street)Zara's revenge (Doctors)Aaron's gay self-loathing (Emmerdale)

"Best Single Episode"
EastEnders Live (EastEnders)
Peter falls off the wagon (Coronation Street)'Master of the Universe' (Doctors)Aaron confesses his sexuality (Emmerdale)

"Special Achievement Award"
Bill Lyons (Emmerdale writer)
N/A

"Lifetime Achievement Award"
Betty Driver (Betty Williams in Coronation Street)
N/A

text: 2009 winners

text: Clive Hornby, who played Jack Sugden in Emmerdale, was remembered during the ceremony, after passing away in July 2008.

text: Wendy Richard, who played Pauline Fowler in EastEnders, was also remembered during the ceremony, after passing away in February 2009.

text:
Award
Winners
Nominees

"Best British Soap"
EastEnders
Coronation StreetDoctorsEmmerdaleHollyoaks

"Best Actor"
Robert Kazinsky (Sean Slater in EastEnders)
Simon Gregson (Steve McDonald in Coronation Street)Gray O'Brien (Tony Gordon in Coronation Street)Jamie Lomas (Warren Fox in Hollyoaks)

"Best Actress"
Katherine Kelly (Becky Granger in Coronation Street)
Samantha Janus (Ronnie Mitchell in EastEnders)Jo Joyner (Tanya Branning in EastEnders)Carley Stenson (Steph Cunningham in Hollyoaks)

"Sexiest Male"
Scott Maslen (Jack Branning in EastEnders)
Robert Kazinsky (Sean Slater in EastEnders)Chris Fountain (Justin Burton in Hollyoaks)Ricky Whittle (Calvin Valentine in Hollyoaks)

"Sexiest Female"
Michelle Keegan (Tina McIntyre in Coronation Street)
Kara Tointon (Dawn Swann in EastEnders)Lacey Turner (Stacey Slater in EastEnders)Emma Rigby (Hannah Ashworth in Hollyoaks)

"Best Newcomer"
Craig Gazey (Graeme Proctor in Coronation Street)
Selina Chilton (Ruth Pearce in Doctors)Shona McGarty (Whitney Dean in EastEnders)Jorgie Porter (Theresa McQueen in Hollyoaks)

"Best Exit"
Rob James-Collier (Liam Connor in Coronation Street)
Michael McKell (Nick West in Doctors)Matt Healy (Matthew King in Emmerdale)Matt Littler (Max Cunningham in Hollyoaks)

"Best Comedy Performance"
Nina Wadia (Zainab Masood in EastEnders)
Simon Gregson (Steve McDonald in Coronation Street)Dominic Brunt (Paddy Kirk in Emmerdale)Hollie-Jay Bowes (Michaela McQueen in Hollyoaks)

"Best On-Screen Partnership"
Nitin Ganatra & Nina Wadia (Masood Ahmed & Zainab Masood in EastEnders)
Simon Gregson & Katherine Kelly (Steve McDonald & Becky Granger in Coronation Street)Mark Charnock & Dominic Brunt (Marlon Dingle & Paddy Kirk in Emmerdale)Nico Mirallegro & Marc Silcock (Newt & Eli in Hollyoaks)

"Best Dramatic Performance"
Anita Carey (Vivien March in Doctors)
Patsy Palmer (Bianca Jackson in EastEnders)Jenna Coleman (Jasmine Thomas in Emmerdale)Carley Stenson (Steph Cunningham in Hollyoaks)

"Best Dramatic Performance from a Young Actor or Actress"
Maisie Smith (Tiffany Dean in EastEnders)
Alex Bain (Simon Barlow in Coronation Street)Isabel Hodgins (Victoria Sugden in Emmerdale)Ellis Hollins (Tom Cunningham in Hollyoaks)

"Villain of the Year"
Gray O'Brien (Tony Gordon in Coronation Street)
Chris Coghill (Tony King in EastEnders)Larry Lamb (Archie Mitchell in EastEnders)Barry Sloane (Niall Rafferty in Hollyoaks)

"Spectacular Scene of the Year"
Victoria falls through the ice (Emmerdale)
The Homecoming (Doctors)The Millers' explosion (EastEnders)Church explosion (Hollyoaks)

"Best Storyline"
Vivien's Rape (Doctors)
Tony's revenge (Coronation Street)Bianca discovers Tony's a paedophile (EastEnders)Niall's revenge (Hollyoaks)

"Best Single Episode"
"A Kind of Hush" (Doctors)
Steve and Becky's failed wedding (Coronation Street)Bianca discovers the truth about Tony (EastEnders)Max and Steph's wedding (Hollyoaks)

"Special Achievement Award"
Peter Whalley (Coronation Street writer)
N/A

"Lifetime Achievement Award"
Barbara Windsor (Peggy Mitchell in EastEnders)
N/A

text: 2008 winners

text: Mike Reid, who played Frank Butcher in EastEnders, was remembered during the ceremony, after passing away in July 2007.

text:
Award
Winners

"Best British Soap"
EastEnders

"Best Actor"
Chris Fountain (Justin Burton in Hollyoaks)

'Best Actress"
Emma Rigby (Hannah Ashworth in Hollyoaks)

"Sexiest Male"
Rob James-Collier (Liam Connor in Coronation Street)

"Sexiest Female"
Roxanne McKee (Louise Summers  in Hollyoaks)

"Best Newcomer"
Michelle Keegan (Tina McIntyre in Coronation Street)

"Best Exit"
Gemma Bissix (Clare Devine in Hollyoaks)

"Best Comedy Performance"
Maggie Jones (Blanche Hunt in Coronation Street)

"Best On-Screen Partnership"
Matt Littler & Darren Jeffries (Max Cunningham & Sam "O.B." O'Brien in Hollyoaks)

"Best Dramatic Performance"
Jo Joyner (Tanya Branning in EastEnders)

"Best Dramatic Performance from a Young Actor or Actress"
Jamie Borthwick (Jay Brown in EastEnders)

"Villain of the Year"
Jack P. Shepherd (David Platt in Coronation Street)

"Spectacular Scene of the Year"
Clare and Katy drive off a cliff (Hollyoaks)

"Best Storyline"
The aftermath of Max and Stacey's affair (EastEnders)

"Best Single Episode"
Daniel's death (Emmerdale)

"Special Achievement Award"
Tim Fee (a line producer for Emmerdale)

"Lifetime Achievement Award"
Liz Dawn (Vera Duckworth in Coronation Street)

text: 2007 winners

text:
Award
Winners

"Best British Soap"
Coronation Street

"Best Actor"
Antony Cotton (Sean Tully in Coronation Street)

"Best Actress"
Kate Ford (Tracy Barlow in Coronation Street)

"Sexiest Male"
Rob James-Collier (Liam Connor in Coronation Street)

"Sexiest Female"
Roxanne McKee (Louise Summers in Hollyoaks)

"Best Newcomer"
Kym Marsh (Michelle Connor in Coronation Street)

"Best Exit"
Bill Ward (Charlie Stubbs in Coronation Street)

"Best Comedy Performance"
Gemma Merna (Carmel McQueen in Hollyoaks)

"Best On-Screen Partnership"
Seán Gleeson & Stirling Gallacher (Ronnie & George Woodson in Doctors)

"Best Dramatic Performance"
Lacey Turner (Stacey Slater in EastEnders)

"Best Dramatic Performance from a Young Actor or Actress"
Eden Taylor-Draper (Belle Dingle in Emmerdale)

"Villain of the Year"
Gemma Bissix (Clare Devine in Hollyoaks)

"Spectacular Scene of the Year"
King's River explosion (Emmerdale)

"Best Storyline"
Charlie's cheating and Tracy's revenge (Coronation Street)

"Best Single Episode"
"Shreds & Aftermath" (Doctors)

"Special Achievement Award"
Tony Jordan (EastEnders writer)

"Lifetime Achievement Award"
Wendy Richard (Pauline Fowler in EastEnders)

text: 2006 winners

text:
Award
Winners

"Best British Soap"
EastEnders

"Best Actor"
Ross Kemp (Grant Mitchell in EastEnders)

"Best Actress"
Lacey Turner (Stacey Slater in EastEnders)

"Sexiest Male"
Richard Fleeshman (Craig Harris in Coronation Street)

"Sexiest Female"
Louisa Lytton (Ruby Allen in EastEnders)

"Best Newcomer"
Charlie Clements (Bradley Branning in EastEnders)

"Best Exit"
Leah Bracknell (Zoe Tate in Emmerdale)

"Best Comedy Performance"
Charlie Hardwick (Val Lambert in Emmerdale)

"Best On-Screen Partnership"
Malcolm Hebden & Barbara Knox (Norris Cole & Rita Sullivan in Coronation Street)

"Best Dramatic Performance"
Bradley Walsh (Danny Baldwin in Coronation Street)

"Best Dramatic Performance from a Young Actor or Actress"
Ellis Hollins (Tom Cunningham in Hollyoaks)

"Best Bitch"
Nicola Wheeler (Nicola Blackstock in Emmerdale)

"Villain of the Year"
Billy Murray (Johnny Allen in EastEnders)

"Spectacular Scene of the Year"
Belle and Daz trapped in a mine shaft (Emmerdale)

"Best Storyline"
Justin and Becca's affair (Hollyoaks)

"Best Single Episode"
Armistice Day episode (EastEnders)

"Special Achievement Award"
Tony Prescott (Coronation Street and Emmerdale director)

"Lifetime Achievement Award"
Johnny Briggs (Mike Baldwin in Coronation Street)

text: 2005 winners

text: Stan Richards, who played Seth Armstrong in Emmerdale, was remembered during the ceremony, after passing away in February 2005.

text:
Award
Winners

"Best British Soap"
Coronation Street

"Best Actor"
Shane Richie (Alfie Moon in EastEnders)

"Best Actress"
Suranne Jones (Karen McDonald in Coronation Street)

"Sexiest Male"
Nigel Harman (Dennis Rickman in EastEnders)

"Sexiest Female"
Jodi Albert (Debbie Dean in Hollyoaks)

"Best Newcomer"
Andrea Green (Sarah Finch in Doctors)

"Best Exit"
Charlie Brooks (Janine Butcher in EastEnders)

"Best Comedy Performance"
Maggie Jones (Blanche Hunt in Coronation Street)

"Best On-Screen Partnership"
John Bardon & June Brown (Jim & Dot Branning in EastEnders)

"Best Dramatic Performance"
Kazia Pelka (Chrissy Costello in Family Affairs)

"Best Dramatic Performance from a Young Actor or Actress"
Sam Aston (Chesney Battersby-Brown in Coronation Street)

"Best Bitch"
Kate Ford (Tracy Barlow in Coronation Street)

"Villain of the Year"
Sasha Behar (Maya Sharma in Coronation Street)

"Spectacular Scene of the Year"
Maya takes Dev and Sunita hostage and blows up the shop (Coronation Street)

"Best Storyline"
Gary and Chrissy learn friend Bradley has been abusing their daughter Chloe (Family Affairs)

"Best Single Episode"
Charity and Tom's wedding (Emmerdale)

"Special Achievement Award"
John Stevenson (Coronation Street writer)

"Lifetime Achievement Award"
June Brown (Dot Branning in EastEnders)

text: 2004 winners

text:
Award
Winners

"Best British Soap"
EastEnders

"Best Actor"
Shane Richie (Alfie Moon in EastEnders)

"Best Actress"
Suranne Jones (Karen McDonald in Coronation Street)

"Sexiest Male"
Nigel Harman (Dennis Rickman in EastEnders)

"Sexiest Female"
Jessie Wallace (Kat Moon in EastEnders)

"Best Newcomer"
Nigel Harman (Dennis Rickman in EastEnders)

"Best Exit"
Sheree Murphy (Tricia Dingle in Emmerdale)

"Best Comedy Performance"
Alex Carter (Lee Hunter in Hollyoaks)

"Best On-Screen Partnership"
David Neilson & Julie Hesmondhalgh (Roy & Hayley Cropper in Coronation Street)

"Best Dramatic Performance"
Mark Charnock (Marlon Dingle in Emmerdale)

"Best Dramatic Performance from a Young Actor or Actress"
Natalie Cassidy (Sonia Jackson in EastEnders)

"Best Bitch"
Kate Ford (Tracy Barlow in Coronation Street)

"Villain of the Year"
Charlie Brooks (Janine Butcher in EastEnders)

"Spectacular Scene of the Year"
The Storm (Emmerdale)

"Best Storyline"
Tracy tricks Roy and tries to ruin Karen and Steve's wedding (Coronation Street)

"Best Single Episode"
"Say a Little Prayer" (Doctors)

"Special Achievement Award"
Mal Young (Creator of Family Affairs and ex-executive producer of EastEnders)

"Lifetime Achievement Award"
Barbara Knox (Rita Sullivan in Coronation Street)

text: 2003 winners

text:
Award
Winners

"Best British Soap"
Coronation Street

"Best Actor"
Brian Capron (Richard Hillman in Coronation Street)

"Best Actress"
Kacey Ainsworth (Little Mo Mitchell in EastEnders)

"Sexiest Male"
Shane Richie (Alfie Moon in EastEnders)

"Sexiest Female"
Jessie Wallace (Kat Moon in EastEnders)

"Best Newcomer"
Jack McMullen (Josh McLoughlin in Brookside)

"Best Exit"
Brian Capron (Richard Hillman in Coronation Street)

"Best Comedy Performance"
Andrew Whyment (Kirk Sutherland in Coronation Street)

"Best On-Screen Partnership"
Jack McMullen & Sarah White (Josh & Bev McLoughlin in Brookside)

"Best Dramatic Performance"
Sue Nicholls (Audrey Roberts in Coronation Street)

"Hero of the Year"
Sue Nicholls (Audrey Roberts in Coronation Street)

"Villain of the Year"
Brian Capron (Richard Hillman in Coronation Street)

"Spectacular Scene of the Year"
Richard Hillman's confessions of murder (Coronation Street)

"Best Storyline"
Richard Hillman murders (Coronation Street)

"Best Single Episode"
Marlon and Tricia's wedding plans (Emmerdale)

"Lifetime Achievement Award"
Dean Sullivan (Jimmy Corkhill in Brookside)

text: 2002 winners

text:
Award
Winners

"Best British Soap"
EastEnders

"Best Actor"
Martin Kemp (Steve Owen in EastEnders)

"Best Actress"
Kacey Ainsworth (Little Mo Morgan in EastEnders)

"Sexiest Male"
Martin Kemp (Steve Owen in EastEnders)

"Sexiest Female"
Jessie Wallace (Kat Slater in EastEnders)

"Best Newcomer"
Alex Ferns (Trevor Morgan in Eastenders)

"Best Exit"
Batley the dog (Emmerdale)

"Best Comedy Performance"
Malcolm Hebden (Norris Cole in Coronation Street)

"Best On-Screen Partnership"
John Bardon & June Brown (Jim & Dot Branning in EastEnders)

"Best Dramatic Performance"
Raymond Quinn (Anthony Murray in Brookside)

"Best Storyline"
Bullying Plot (Brookside)

"Hero of the Year"
Stuart Manning (Sam Armstrong in Night and Day)

"Villain of the Year"
Alex Ferns (Trevor Morgan in EastEnders)

"Spectacular Scene of the Year"
Adam and Mandy's car crash (Hollyoaks)

"Best Single Episode"
Zoe discovers that Kat is her mother (EastEnders)

"Special Achievement Award"
Tony Holland (Co-creator of EastEnders)

text: 2001 winners

text:
Award
Winners

"Best British Soap"
EastEnders

"Best Actor"
Martin Kemp (Steve Owen in EastEnders)

"Best Actress"
Natalie Cassidy (Sonia Jackson in EastEnders)

"Sexiest Male"
Martin Kemp (Steve Owen in EastEnders)

"Sexiest Female"
Tamzin Outhwaite (Mel Healy in EastEnders)

"Best Newcomer"
Jessie Wallace (Kat Slater in EastEnders)

"Best Exit"
Naomi Radcliffe (Alison Webster in Coronation Street)

"Best Comedy Performance"
Sarah White (Bev McLoughlin in Brookside)

"Best On-Screen Partnership"
Bill Tarmey & Liz Dawn (Jack & Vera Duckworth in Coronation Street)

"Best Dramatic Performance"
Georgia Taylor (Toyah Battersby in Coronation Street)

"Hero of the Year"
Clive Hornby (Jack Sugden in Emmerdale)

"Villain of the Year"
Steve McFadden (Phil Mitchell in EastEnders)

"Spectacular Scene of the Year"
Andy burning the barn (Emmerdale)

"Best Storyline"
Mark, Linda and Mike love triangle (Coronation Street)

"Best Single Episode"
The Live Episode (8 December 2000, Coronation Street)

"Special Achievement Award"
Phil Redmond (Creator of Brookside and Hollyoaks)

text: 2000 winners

text:
Award
Winners[5]

"Best British Soap"
EastEnders

"Best Actor"
Joe Absolom (Matthew Rose in EastEnders)

"Best Actress"
Patsy Palmer (Bianca Butcher in EastEnders)

"Sexiest Male"
Michael Greco (Beppe di Marco in EastEnders)

"Sexiest Female"
Tamzin Outhwaite (Mel Healy in EastEnders)

"Best Newcomer"
Gary Lucy (Luke Morgan in Hollyoaks)

"Best Exit"
Paul Loughran (Butch Dingle in Emmerdale)

"Best Comedy Performance"
Sue Nicholls (Audrey Roberts in Coronation Street)

"Best On-Screen Partnership"
Dean Sullivan & Sue Jenkins (Jimmy & Jackie Corkhill in Brookside)

"Best Dramatic Performance"
Lindsey Coulson (Carol Jackson in EastEnders)

"Villain of the Year"
Martin Kemp (Steve Owen in EastEnders)

"Best Storyline"
The teenage pregnancy of Sarah-Louise Platt (Coronation Street)

"Best Foreign Soap"
Home and Away

"Spectacular Scene of the Year"
"Millennium Club Explosion" (Brookside)

text: 1999 winners

text:
Award
Winners[6]
Nominees

"Best British Soap"
Coronation Street
BrooksideEastEndersEmmerdaleFamily AffairsHollyoaks

"Best Actor"
Ross Kemp (Grant Mitchell in EastEnders)
Dean Sullivan (Jimmy Corkhill in Brookside)David Neilson (Roy Cropper in Coronation Street)Kelvin Fletcher (Andy Sugden in Emmerdale)

"Best Actress"
Barbara Windsor (Peggy Mitchell in EastEnders)
Julie Hesmondhalgh (Hayley Patterson in Coronation Street)Patsy Palmer (Bianca Jackson in EastEnders)Lisa Riley (Mandy Dingle in Emmerdale)

"Sexiest Male"
Michael Greco (Beppe di Marco in EastEnders)
Adam Rickitt (Nick Tilsley in Coronation Street)Ross Kemp (Grant Mitchell in EastEnders)Stuart Wade (Biff Fowler in Emmerdale)

"Sexiest Female"
Tamzin Outhwaite (Mel Healy in EastEnders)
Tracy Shaw (Maxine Peacock in Coronation Street)Denise Welch (Natalie Barnes in Coronation Street)Claire King (Kim Tate in Emmerdale)

"Best Exit"
Claire King (Kim Tate in Emmerdale)
Philip Middlemiss (Des Barnes in Coronation Street)Martine McCutcheon (Tiffany Mitchell in EastEnders)

"Best Comedy Performance"
John Savident (Fred Elliott in Coronation Street)
Gladys Ambrose (Julia Brogan in Brookside)David Neilson (Roy Cropper in Coronation Street)June Brown (Dot Cotton in EastEnders)

"Best Dramatic Performance"
Kelvin Fletcher (Andy Sugden in Emmerdale)
Georgia Taylor (Toyah Battersby in Coronation Street)Barbara Windsor (Peggy Mitchell in EastEnders)Kerrie Taylor (Lucy Benson in Hollyoaks)

"Best On-Screen Partnership"
David Neilson & Julie Hesmondhalgh (Roy Cropper & Hayley Patterson in Coronation Street)
Dean Sullivan & Sue Jenkins (Jimmy & Jackie Corkhill in Brookside)Bill Tarmey & Liz Dawn (Jack & Vera Duckworth in Coronation Street)Dominic Brunt & Lisa Riley (Paddy Kirk & Mandy Dingle in Emmerdale)

"Villain of the Year"
Stephen Billington (Greg Kelly in Coronation Street)
Martin Kemp (Steve Owen in EastEnders)Ross Kemp (Grant Mitchell in EastEnders)Claire King (Kim Tate in Emmerdale)

"Best Storyline"
Tiffany discovering her mother Louise's affair with Grant (EastEnders)
Sinbad and the gas explosion on the parade (Brookside)Roy and Hayley's courtship leading to their marriage (Coronation Street)Mandy's triumph over her sexually abusive father (Hollyoaks)

"Best Foreign Soap"
Home and Away
NeighboursSunset BeachThe Bold and the Beautiful

"Special Achievement Award"
William Roache (Ken Barlow in Coronation Street)
N/A

text: Awards statistics

text: Awards by soap

text:
Key

 BR  Brookside

 CO  Coronation Street

 DO  Doctors

 EE  EastEnders

 EM  Emmerdale

 FA  Family Affairs

 HO  Hollyoaks

 HA  Home and Away

 ND  Night and Day

 MS  Multiple Soaps

text:
Award

1999

2000

2001

2002

2003

2004

2005

2006

2007

2008

2009

2010

2011

2012

2013

2014

2015

2016

2017

2018

Best Actor

EE

EE

EE

EE

CO

EE

EE

EE

CO

HO

EE

EE

EM

EM

CO

CO

EE

EM

EM

CO

Best Actress

EE

EE

EE

EE

EE

CO

CO

EE

CO

HO

CO

EE

EE

CO

HO

CO

EE

EE

EM

CO

Best Bitch

CO

CO

EM

Best British Soap

CO

EE

EE

EE

CO

EE

CO

EE

CO

EE

EE

EE

EE

EE

CO

HO

EE

EM

EM

CO

Best Comedy Performance

CO

CO

BR

CO

CO

HO

CO

EM

HO

CO

EE

CO

CO

CO

CO

CO

CO

CO

CO

DO

Best Dramatic Performance

EM

EE

CO

BR

CO

EM

FA

CO

EE

EE

DO

EE

CO

EE

CO

CO

EE

Best Female Dramatic Performance

EE

CO

CO

Best Male Dramatic Performance

EM

EM

HO

Best Exit

EM

EM

CO

EM

CO

EM

EE

EM

CO

HO

CO

EE

CO

CO

CO

Best Foreign Soap

HA

HA

Best Newcomer

HO

EE

EE

BR

EE

DO

EE

CO

CO

CO

EE

HO

CO

HO

EE

DO

EE

CO

EE

Best On-Screen Partnership

CO

BR

CO

EE

BR

CO

EE

CO

DO

HO

EE

DO

EE

EE

HO

CO

EE

CO

HO

HO

Best Single Episode

CO

EE

EM

DO

EM

EE

DO

EE

DO

EE

CO

CO

EM

CO

EE

DO

EM

HO

Best Storyline

EE

CO

CO

BR

CO

CO

FA

HO

CO

EE

DO

EE

CO

EM

CO

CO

EE

EE

EM

HO

Best Young Performance

EE

CO

HO

EM

EE

EE

DO

CO

EE

EM

HO

EM

HO

CO

EM

Best Villain

CO

EE

EE

EE

CO

EE

CO

EE

HO

CO

CO

EE

HO

CO

CO

HO

HO

CO

DO

CO

Hero of the Year

EM

ND

CO

Lifetime/Outstanding Achievement

BR

CO

EE

CO

EE

CO

EE

CO

CO

EE

EE

CO

CO

EE

HO

EE

Outstanding Achievement Off-Screen

EE

EE

Sexiest Male

EE

EE

EE

EE

EE

EE

EE

CO

CO

CO

EE

EE

EE

EE

HO

HO

Sexiest Female

EE

EE

EE

EE

EE

EE

HO

EE

HO

HO

CO

CO

CO

CO

CO

CO

Special Achievement

CO

BR

EE

IN

CO

IN

EE

EM

CO

EM

EM

EE

Scene of the Year/Spectacular Scene

BR

EM

HO

CO

EM

CO

EM

EM

HO

EM

HO

CO

EM

HO

EM

EM

EM

HO

MS[B]

The Tony Warren Award

MS[A]

EE

CO

Greatest Moment

EM

text: Note: Crossroads was nominated from 2001 to 2003, but did not receive any awards. The "Best Foreign Soap" category also featured Neighbours, Sunset Beach and The Bold and the Beautiful in 1999.

text:
^ A. James Bain was a casting director who worked for both Coronation Street and Emmerdale.
^ B. In 2018, Doctors and EastEnders tied in the "Scene of the Year" award, so they both won.


document_title: Distribution of wealth

question_text: who owns 50 percent of the worlds wealth

root

text: Distribution of wealth

text: Definition of wealth[edit]

text: Wealth in the context of this article is defined as a person's net worth, expressed as:

tag: p

text: The word wealth is often confused with income. These two terms describe different but related things. Wealth consists of those items of economic value that an individual owns, while income is an inflow of items of economic value. (See Stock and flow.) The relation between wealth, income, and expenses is:

text: The distribution of income is substantially different from the distribution of wealth. According to the International Association for Research in Income and Wealth, "the world distribution of wealth is much more unequal than that of income."[1]

text: If an individual has a large income but also large expenses, the net effect of that income on her or his wealth could be small or even negative.

text: The United Nations definition of inclusive wealth is a monetary measure which includes the sum of natural, human and physical assets.[2][3]

text: Data about global distribution of wealth[edit]

text: The gap between the rich and poor can be illustrated by the fact that the three wealthiest individuals in the world have assets that exceed those of the poorest 10 percent of the world's population.[5] The net worth of the world's billionaires increased from less than $1 trillion in 2000 to over $7 trillion in 2015 so the gap is growing up dramatically.

text: Wealth distribution pyramid[edit]

text: Personal wealth varies across adults for many reasons. Some individuals with little wealth may be at early stages in their careers, with little chance or motivation to accumulate assets. Others may have suffered business setbacks or personal misfortunes, or live in parts of the world where opportunities for wealth creation are severely limited. At the other end of the spectrum, there are individuals who have acquired a large fortune through a combination of inheritance, talent, hard work or simply being in the right place at the right time. The wealth pyramid below was prepared by Credit Suisse in 2013; it captures these differences in striking detail. It has a large base of low wealth holders, alongside upper tiers occupied by progressively fewer people. In 2013 Credit-suisse estimate that 3.2 billion individuals – more than two thirds of adults in the world – have wealth below 10,000 USD. A further one billion(adult population) fall within the 10,000 – 100,000 USD range. While the average wealth holding is modest in the base and middle segments of the pyramid, their total wealth amounts to USD 40 trillion, underlining the potential for novel consumer products and innovative financial services targeted at this often neglected segment.[6]

text: The pyramid reveals that:

text:
half of the world's wealth belongs to the top 1%,
top 10% of adults hold 85%, while the bottom 90% hold the remaining 15% of the world's total wealth,
top 30% of adults hold 97% of the total wealth.

tag: ul

text: Wealth distribution in 2012[edit]

text: According to the OECD in 2012 the top 0.6% of world population (consisting of adults with more than 1 million USD in assets) or the 42 million richest people in the world held 39.3% of world wealth. The next 4.4% (311 million people) held 32.3% of world wealth. The bottom 95% held 28.4% of world wealth. The large gaps of the report get by the Gini index to 0.893, and are larger than gaps in global income inequality, measured in 2009 at 0.38.[7] For example, in 2012 the bottom 60% of the world population held same wealth in 2012 as the people on Forbes' Richest list consisting of 1,226 richest billionaires of the world.

text: Statistical distributions[edit]

text: There are many ways in which the distribution of wealth can be analyzed. One example is to compare the wealth of the richest one percent with the wealth of the median (or 50th) percentile. In many societies, the richest ten percent control more than half of the total wealth.

text: Pareto Distribution has often been used to mathematically quantify the distribution of wealth, since it models a random distribution.

text: Wealth over people (WOP) curves are a visually compelling way to show the distribution of wealth in a nation. WOP curves are modified distribution of wealth curves. The vertical and horizontal scales each show percentages from zero to one hundred. We imagine all the households in a nation being sorted from richest to poorest. They are then shrunk down and lined up (richest at the left) along the horizontal scale. For any particular household, its point on the curve represents how their wealth compares (as a proportion) to the average wealth of the richest percentile. For any nation, the average wealth of the richest 1/100 of households is the topmost point on the curve (people, 1%; wealth, 100%) or (p=1, w=100) or (1, 100). In the real world two points on the WOP curve are always known before any statistics are gathered. These are the topmost point (1, 100) by definition, and the rightmost point (poorest people, lowest wealth) or (p=100, w=0) or (100, 0). This unfortunate rightmost point is given because there are always at least one percent of households (incarcerated, long term illness, etc.) with no wealth at all. Given that the topmost and rightmost points are fixed … our interest lies in the form of the WOP curve between them. There are two extreme possible forms of the curve. The first is the "perfect communist" WOP. It is a straight line from the leftmost (maximum wealth) point horizontally across the people scale to p=99. Then it drops vertically to wealth = 0 at (p=100, w=0).

text: The other extreme is the "perfect tyranny" form. It starts on the left at the Tyrant's maximum wealth of 100%. It then immediately drops to zero at p=2, and continues at zero horizontally across the rest of the people. That is, the tyrant and his friends (the top percentile) own all the nation's wealth. All other citizens are serfs or slaves. An obvious intermediate form is a straight line connecting the left/top point to the right/bottom point. In such a "Diagonal" society a household in the richest percentile would have just twice the wealth of a family in the median (50th) percentile. Such a society is compelling to many (especially the poor). In fact it is a comparison to a diagonal society that is the basis for the Gini values used as a measure of the disequity in a particular economy. These Gini values (40.8 in 2007) show the United States to be the third most dis-equitable economy of all the developed nations (behind Denmark and Switzerland).

text: More sophisticated models have also been proposed.[8]

text: Redistribution of wealth and public policy[edit]

text: In many societies, attempts have been made, through property redistribution, taxation, or regulation, to redistribute wealth, sometimes in support of the upper class, and sometimes to diminish economic inequality.

text: Examples of this practice go back at least to the Roman republic in the third century B.C.,[9] when laws were passed limiting the amount of wealth or land that could be owned by any one family. Motivations for such limitations on wealth include the desire for equality of opportunity, a fear that great wealth leads to political corruption, to the belief that limiting wealth will gain the political favor of a voting bloc, or fear that extreme concentration of wealth results in rebellion.[10] Various forms of socialism attempt to diminish the unequal distribution of wealth and thus the conflicts and social problems (see image below) arising from it.[11]

text: During the Age of Reason, Francis Bacon wrote "Above all things good policy is to be used so that the treasures and monies in a state be not gathered into a few hands… Money is like fertilizer, not good except it be spread."[12]

text: Communism arose as a reaction to a distribution of wealth in which a few lived in luxury while the masses lived in extreme poverty. In The Communist Manifesto, Marx and Engels wrote "From each according to his ability, to each according to his need."[13] While the ideas of Marx have nominally been embraced by various states (Russia, Cuba, Vietnam and China in the 20th century), Marxist utopia remains elusive.[14]

text: On the other hand, the combination of labor movements, technology, and social liberalism has diminished extreme poverty in the developed world today, though extremes of wealth and poverty continue in the Third World.[15]

text: In the Outlook on the Global Agenda 2014 from the World Economic Forum the widening income disparities come second as a worldwide risk.[16][17]

text: Wealth surveys[edit]

text: Many countries have national wealth surveys, for example:

text:
The British Wealth and Assets Survey
The Italian Survey on Household Income and Wealth
The euro area Household Finance and Consumption Survey
The US Survey of Consumer Finances
The Canadian Survey of Financial Security
The German Armuts- und Reichtumsbericht der Bundesregierung

text: 21st century[edit]

text: At the end of the 20th century, wealth was concentrated among the G8 and Western industrialized nations, along with several Asian and OPEC nations.

text: Wealth inequality[edit]

text: A study by the World Institute for Development Economics Research at United Nations University reports that the richest 1% of adults alone owned 40% of global assets in the year 2000, and that the richest 10% of adults accounted for 85% of the world total. The bottom half of the world adult population owned 1% of global wealth.[18] Moreover, another study found that the richest 2% own more than half of global household assets.[19]

text: Real estate[edit]

text: While sizeable numbers of households own no land, few have no income. For example, 10% of land owners (all corporations) in Baltimore, Maryland own 58% of the taxable land value. The bottom 10% of those who own any land own less than 1% of the total land value.[20] This form of analysis as well as Gini coefficient analysis has been used to support land value taxation.

text: Credit Suisse Report – Wealth Distribution & Gini (2013)[edit]

text: This table was created from information provided by the Credit Suisse, Research Institute's "Global Wealth Databook", published 2013.[21]

text:
Country
Adults
(1000s)
Wealth per
adult (USD)
Proportion of adults (%) by wealth range (USD)
Gini
(%)

Mean
Median
Under 10k
10k – 100k
100k – 1M
Over 1M
Total

 Denmark
4,190
255,066
57,675
39.5
17
37.8
5.7
100
107.7

 Russian Federation
110,365
10,976
871
93.7
5.6
0.6
0.1
100
93.1

 Ukraine
35,912
3,413
419
97.4
2.3
0.2
0
100
90

 Kazakhstan
10,958
7,161
1,176
93.1
6.3
0.6
0.1
100
86.7

 Lebanon
2,953
30,868
6,076
66.8
29.8
3.2
0.3
100
86.3

 United States of America
239,279
301,140
44,911
30.7
33
30.7
5.5
100
85.1

 Zimbabwe
6,690
2,913
479
93.9
5.8
0.3
0
100
83.8

 Turkey
51,687
25,909
5,326
67
30.3
2.5
0.2
100
83.7

 South Africa
31,034
19,613
3,051
72.3
24.9
2.6
0.1
100
83.6

 Hong Kong, China
6,052
153,312
32,384
30.3
49.7
18.3
1.7
100
83.1

 Philippines
56,730
8,799
1,849
88.1
11.1
0.8
0.1
100
82.9

 Indonesia
157,869
11,839
2,393
81.1
17.6
1.3
0.1
100
82.8

 Thailand
49,642
7,772
1,855
90.5
8.8
0.6
0
100
82.6

 Venezuela
18,991
6,900
1,505
90.9
8.5
0.6
0
100
82.5

 Brazil
135,385
23,278
5,117
66.6
30.5
2.7
0.2
100
82.1

 Malaysia
18,382
27,007
5,831
61.4
35.3
3.1
0.2
100
81.5

 Chile
12,461
49,032
11,742
45
48
6.6
0.4
100
81.4

 India
767,612
4,706
1,040
94.4
5.2
0.3
0
100
81.3

 Switzerland
6,101
512,562
95,916
5.2
46
38.8
10
100
80.6

 Sweden
7,299
299,441
52,677
15.6
48.3
29.2
6.9
100
80.3

 Egypt
52,710
7,285
1,852
90.4
9
0.6
0
100
80.3

 Nigeria
80,462
3,620
894
94.9
4.9
0.3
0
100
80

 Colombia
30,464
26,222
6,228
60.2
35.8
3.9
0.2
100
79.7

 Seychelles
54
60,003
14,617
40
50
9.2
0.8
100
79.6

 Argentina
28,265
15,638
4,032
72.1
26.1
1.7
0.1
100
79.6

 Saudi Arabia
16,694
37,346
9,772
53.3
41.1
5.3
0.3
100
79.3

 Namibia
1,256
19,899
4,531
67.5
28.3
4.2
0.1
100
78.7

 Israel
4,947
137,351
38,164
30
44.8
23.7
1.5
100
78.7

 Comoros
388
2,872
670
93.8
6.1
0.2
0
100
78.7

 Cyprus
694
119,568
34,874
23.8
56.3
18.6
1.4
100
78.3

 Mexico
73,380
35,872
9,718
53.5
40.6
5.7
0.3
100
78

 Norway
3,733
380,473
92,859
19.4
32.5
40.6
7.5
100
77.8

 Austria
6,761
203,931
57,450
28.2
31.8
37
3
100
77.8

 Libya
4,291
28,397
6,563
58.1
35.7
6
0.1
100
77.7

 Botswana
1,181
10,348
2,649
81
17.6
1.4
0
100
77.2

 Germany
67,068
192,232
49,370
29
33.3
35.1
2.6
100
77.1

 Haiti
5,813
3,532
960
92.3
7.5
0.2
0
100
76.1

 Angola
9,273
14,708
3,934
69.1
28.8
2.1
0
100
75.6

 Central African Republic
2,370
800
241
99.1
0.9
0
0
100
74.8

 Bolivia
5,800
4,604
1,368
89.3
10.4
0.3
0
100
74.4

 Zambia
6,151
1,817
548
96.8
3.2
0
0
100
74.1

 Czech Republic
8,437
44,975
15,541
40
53.2
6.4
0.3
100
74

 Singapore
3,955
281,764
90,466
20
34.2
41.4
4.4
100
73.9

 Kuwait
2,291
119,101
42,897
21.8
55.5
21.5
1.2
100
73.8

 Poland
30,255
26,056
9,109
55
41.5
3.3
0.1
100
73.7

 Taiwan
18,359
151,752
53,336
22.5
45.1
30.8
1.7
100
73.6

 Netherlands
12,914
185,588
83,631
23.3
30.9
43.6
2.2
100
73.2

 Belize
188
9,998
3,130
76.3
22.6
1.1
0
100
73.1

 Suriname
344
14,250
4,544
68.8
29.6
1.6
0
100
73

 Nicaragua
3,424
3,432
1,147
92.5
7.3
0.1
0
100
73

 Romania
16,692
14,044
5,137
69.3
29.2
1.4
0.1
100
73

 Lesotho
1,079
3,457
1,105
92.4
7.5
0.1
0
100
72.9

 Paraguay
3,910
10,934
3,726
73.2
25.6
1.3
0
100
72.8

 Swaziland
628
4,360
1,393
90
9.8
0.2
0
100
72.7

 Panama
2,322
22,292
7,509
57.3
38.5
4.2
0
100
72.7

 Rwanda
5,306
723
245
99.3
0.7
0
0
100
72.7

 Sao Tome and Principe
86
2,721
959
94.3
5.7
0.1
0
100
72.7

 Canada
27,173
251,034
90,252
30
21.5
44.9
3.7
100
72.7

 South Korea
38,350
79,475
30,938
25.3
59.5
14.5
0.7
100
72.6

 Papua New Guinea
3,752
8,470
2,821
81.1
18
0.8
0
100
72.4

 Cape Verde
295
16,313
5,478
65
32.5
2.5
0
100
72.3

 Antigua and Barbuda
63
19,011
6,281
58.8
38.3
3
0
100
72.2

 Costa Rica
3,246
28,124
9,532
54.1
40.2
5.7
0.1
100
72.2

 Dominica
50
24,086
8,349
55
40.3
4.7
0.1
100
72

 St. Kitts and Nevis
34
23,613
8,185
56.3
39.1
4.6
0.1
100
71.9

 St. Vincent and the Grenadines
71
10,196
3,492
73.8
25.1
1.1
0
100
71.9

 Grenada
67
14,473
5,017
67.5
30.7
1.7
0
100
71.9

 New Zealand
3,234
182,548
76,607
25.6
34.1
38.1
2.3
100
71.8

 Ecuador
8,723
12,350
4,403
69.8
28.8
1.4
0
100
71.4

 El Salvador
3,738
12,039
4,483
70
28.7
1.3
0
100
71

 Ireland
3,488
183,804
75,573
20.9
36.5
40.4
2.2
100
70.9

 Kenya
20,757
2,843
1,049
94.2
5.7
0.1
0
100
70.9

 Oman
1,872
48,415
18,152
40
47.8
12
0.2
100
70.8

 Peru
18,865
18,227
6,705
58.5
38.9
2.6
0
100
70.8

 Gambia
908
864
324
99.2
0.8
0
0
100
70.8

 Congo-Brazzaville
2,024
3,892
1,420
91.2
8.6
0.1
0
100
70.8

 United Arab Emirates
3,777
126,791
51,882
20
50.6
28.2
1.3
100
70.5

 Qatar
1,278
153,294
58,237
25
38.3
35
1.7
100
70.5

 Portugal
8,614
89,074
38,846
25.8
54.8
18.7
0.8
100
70.1

 Mozambique
11,441
811
313
99.3
0.7
0
0
100
70

 Jamaica
1,719
11,401
4,393
70
28.8
1.2
0
100
69.9

 Uruguay
2,400
47,002
17,998
39.6
48.3
11.9
0.2
100
69.8

 Uganda
15,107
750
294
99.4
0.6
0
0
100
69.6

 DR Congo
31,854
321
124
99.9
0.1
0
0
100
69.6

 China
998,254
22,230
8,023
58.4
39.1
2.4
0.1
100
69.5

 Madagascar
10,359
448
177
99.8
0.2
0
0
100
69.4

 Guyana
474
3,801
1,506
91.6
8.3
0.1
0
100
69.2

 Fiji
523
6,473
2,630
85
14.6
0.4
0
100
69

 France
48,124
295,933
141,850
21.7
22.9
50.8
4.6
100
69

 Barbados
200
22,289
8,108
55
41.5
3.5
0
100
69

 Eritrea
2,781
2,125
875
96.3
3.7
0
0
100
68.9

 Macedonia, FYR
1,561
11,543
4,743
69.3
29.6
1.1
0
100
68.8

 Sierra Leone
2,897
681
273
99.6
0.4
0
0
100
68.8

 Ghana
13,501
1,811
743
97.7
2.3
0
0
100
68.6

 St. Lucia
119
13,087
5,296
66.3
32.5
1.2
0
100
68.5

 Tunisia
7,452
21,084
8,823
55
41.5
3.5
0
100
68.2

 Gabon
869
21,860
9,240
55
41.3
3.7
0
100
68.2

 Solomon Islands
298
9,868
4,261
73.8
25.3
1
0
100
68.1

 Morocco
21,355
11,398
4,750
70
28.9
1.1
0
100
68.1

 Côte d'Ivoire
11,501
2,640
1,104
95
4.9
0.1
0
100
68.1

 Sri Lanka
14,326
5,033
2,101
87.9
11.9
0.2
0
100
68

 Turkmenistan
3,352
36,570
15,305
40
52.1
7.8
0.1
100
68

 Georgia
3,172
21,640
9,178
54.7
41.8
3.5
0
100
68

 Togo
3,693
2,450
1,049
95.6
4.3
0
0
100
67.9

 United Kingdom
48,220
243,570
111,524
18
28.8
50
3.2
100
67.7

 Mauritania
1,832
1,967
865
97
3
0
0
100
67.7

 Burkina Faso
7,721
1,273
543
98.7
1.3
0
0
100
67.7

 Djibouti
508
3,465
1,488
92.8
7.2
0.1
0
100
67.5

 Chad
5,485
1,131
483
99
1
0
0
100
67.5

 Trinidad and Tobago
987
15,088
6,459
60
38.5
1.5
0
100
67.4

 Malawi
7,417
207
89
100
0
0
0
100
67.3

 Guinea
5,301
882
380
99.4
0.6
0
0
100
67.3

 Iceland
253
211,592
104,733
20
30
47.3
2.7
100
67.3

 Tonga
54
15,905
7,217
58.8
39.8
1.5
0
100
67.2

 Senegal
6,423
2,597
1,125
95.3
4.7
0
0
100
67.2

 Cameroon
10,459
2,603
1,115
95.2
4.8
0
0
100
67.2

 Vanuatu
138
6,068
2,753
85
14.7
0.3
0
100
67.1

 Benin
4,733
3,187
1,398
93.6
6.3
0.1
0
100
67.1

 Samoa
92
34,537
15,132
40
53
6.9
0.1
100
67

 Cambodia
9,151
2,644
1,155
95
4.9
0
0
100
67

 Yemen
12,192
4,951
2,193
88.3
11.6
0.2
0
100
66.8

 Iran
53,270
8,727
3,846
75
24.4
0.6
0
100
66.8

 Liberia
2,118
2,173
987
96.5
3.5
0
0
100
66.7

 Tanzania
22,038
951
423
99.3
0.7
0
0
100
66.6

 Laos
3,618
5,393
2,411
86.7
13.1
0.2
0
100
66.5

 Lithuania
2,537
23,411
10,635
47.5
48.5
3.9
0
100
66.5

 Myanmar
34,180
2,214
941
97
3
0
0
100
66.4

 Finland
4,195
171,821
95,095
29
22.3
47.2
1.6
100
66.4

 Maldives
210
5,556
2,480
85
14.8
0.2
0
100
66.3

 Bahamas
242
41,106
17,842
35
55.9
9
0.1
100
66.2

 Spain
37,206
123,997
63,306
17.4
52.4
29
1.1
100
66.1

 Mongolia
1,855
14,214
6,433
61.1
37.6
1.3
0
100
66.1

 Syrian Arab Republic
13,352
7,073
3,198
82.7
16.9
0.4
0
100
66

 Latvia
1,787
24,285
11,338
45
50.9
4
0
100
66

 Greece
9,105
102,971
53,937
20.4
53.7
25.1
0.8
100
65.9

 Jordan
3,858
14,364
6,589
60.3
38.3
1.4
0
100
65.9

 Kyrgyz Republic
3,568
5,385
2,432
85.9
13.9
0.2
0
100
65.9

 Viet Nam
61,765
4,857
2,215
87.8
12
0.2
0
100
65.8

 West Bank and Gaza
1,739
8,979
4,200
73.1
26.3
0.6
0
100
65.8

 Equatorial Guinea
365
19,525
9,130
55
42.6
2.4
0
100
65.8

 Bosnia and Herzegovina
2,985
11,173
5,139
68.2
30.9
0.9
0
100
65.8

 Luxembourg
390
315,240
182,768
15
22.5
57
5.5
100
65.7

 Estonia
1,055
33,701
15,724
40
53.3
6.6
0.1
100
65.7

 Guinea-Bissau
836
424
199
99.9
0.1
0
0
100
65.7

 Albania
2,237
9,450
4,451
72.7
26.6
0.7
0
100
65.6

 Niger
7,014
937
434
99.3
0.7
0
0
100
65.5

 Algeria
23,982
10,100
4,673
70
29.2
0.7
0
100
65.5

 Sudan
23,811
1,291
595
98.9
1.1
0
0
100
65.4

 Burundi
4,729
293
137
99.9
0.1
0
0
100
65.2

 Azerbaijan
6,276
16,344
7,721
57.1
41.4
1.5
0
100
65.1

 Croatia
3,498
26,551
12,639
41.2
54.1
4.7
0
100
65.1

 Italy
49,117
241,383
138,653
20
20.5
56.5
3
100
65

 Mali
6,464
955
455
99.4
0.6
0
0
100
64.7

 Moldova
2,692
3,854
1,874
91.8
8.1
0.1
0
100
64.7

 Nepal
17,273
1,998
951
97.7
2.3
0
0
100
64.7

 Bangladesh
104,135
1,894
908
97.9
2.1
0
0
100
64.6

 Mauritius
935
37,308
19,247
40
52.5
7.4
0.1
100
64.5

 Hungary
7,915
28,379
14,068
40
55
4.9
0
100
64

 Armenia
2,263
5,613
2,793
85.5
14.3
0.2
0
100
63.9

 Tajikistan
4,022
3,168
1,581
94.3
5.7
0.1
0
100
63.8

 Pakistan
106,365
4,248
2,106
90.8
9
0.1
0
100
63.8

 Ethiopia
42,750
411
207
99.9
0.1
0
0
100
63.6

 Australia
16,617
402,578
219,505
6.9
23.7
62.6
6.8
100
63.6

 Japan
104,315
216,694
110,294
9.2
37.7
50.6
2.5
100
63.5

 Montenegro
467
21,340
10,929
45
52.6
2.4
0
100
63.4

 Belgium
8,387
255,573
148,141
17.4
22.1
57.3
3.2
100
62.6

 Serbia
7,527
15,175
7,978
56.8
42
1.3
0
100
62.5

 Bulgaria
5,991
16,818
8,825
55.2
43.4
1.4
0
100
62.5

 Belarus
7,543
2,407
1,271
96.8
3.1
0
0
100
62.2

 Malta
330
71,448
42,898
18.8
65
15.9
0.3
100
59.5

 Bahrain
571
44,822
26,675
28.7
60
11.2
0
100
58.5

 Brunei Darussalam
286
51,373
31,527
26.2
58.7
15
0
100
58.5

 Slovenia
1,655
64,067
44,932
19.4
60.6
19.9
0.1
100
53.5

 Slovakia
4,303
27,224
20,740
19.8
77.8
2.4
0
100
44.7

tag: table

text: In the United States[edit]

text: Distribution of net worth in the United States (2007). The net wealth of many people in the lowest 20% is negative because of debt.[22]

text: According to PolitiFact, in 2011 the 400 wealthiest Americans "have more wealth than half of all Americans combined."[23][24][25][26] Inherited wealth may help explain why many Americans who have become rich may have had a "substantial head start".[27][28] In September 2012, according to the Institute for Policy Studies, "over 60 percent" of the Forbes richest 400 Americans "grew up in substantial privilege".[29]

text: In 2007, the richest 1% of the American population owned 34.6% of the country's total wealth (excluding human capital), and the next 19% owned 50.5%. The top 20% of Americans owned 85% of the country's wealth and the bottom 80% of the population owned 15%. From 1922 to 2010, the share of the top 1% varied from 19.7% to 44.2%, the big drop being associated with the drop in the stock market in the late 1970s. Ignoring the period where the stock market was depressed (1976–1980) and the period when the stock market was overvalued (1929), the share of wealth of the richest 1% remained extremely stable, at about a third of the total wealth.[30] Financial inequality was greater than inequality in total wealth, with the top 1% of the population owning 42.7%, the next 19% of Americans owning 50.3%, and the bottom 80% owning 7%.[31] However, after the Great Recession which started in 2007, the share of total wealth owned by the top 1% of the population grew from 34.6% to 37.1%, and that owned by the top 20% of Americans grew from 85% to 87.7%. The Great Recession also caused a drop of 36.1% in median household wealth but a drop of only 11.1% for the top 1%, further widening the gap between the 1% and the 99%.[22][30][31] During the economic expansion between 2002 and 2007, the income of the top 1% grew 10 times faster than the income of the bottom 90%. In this period 66% of total income gains went to the 1%, who in 2007 had a larger share of total income than at any time since 1928.

text: Dan Ariely and Michael Norton show in a study (2011) that US citizens across the political spectrum significantly underestimate the current US wealth inequality and would prefer a more egalitarian distribution of wealth, raising questions about ideological disputes over issues like taxation and welfare.[32]

text:
Wealth proportion by population by year[30][33]

Year
Bottom
99%
Top
1%

1922
63.3%
36.7%

1929
55.8%
44.2%

1933
66.7%
33.3%

1939
63.6%
36.4%

1945
70.2%
29.8%

1949
72.9%
27.1%

1953
68.8%
31.2%

1962
68.2%
31.8%

1965
65.6%
34.4%

1969
68.9%
31.1%

1972
70.9%
29.1%

1976
80.1%
19.9%

1979
79.5%
20.5%

1981
75.2%
24.8%

1983
69.1%
30.9%

1986
68.1%
31.9%

1989
64.3%
35.7%

1992
62.8%
37.2%

1995
61.5%
38.5%

1998
61.9%
38.1%

2001
66.6%
33.4%

2004
65.7%
34.3%

2007
65.4%
34.6%

2010
64.6%
35.4%

text: Data, charts, and graphs[edit]

text:
Wealth, Income, and Power by G. William Domhoff
PowerPoint presentation: Inequalities of Development – Lorenz curve and Gini coefficient]
The World Distribution of Household Wealth [18]
Article on The World Distribution of Household Wealth report.
The Federal Reserve Board – Survey of Consumer Finances
Survey of Consumer Finances 1998–2004 charts – pdf
Survey of Consumer Finances 1998–2004 data
and resulting Gini indices for mean incomes: 1989: 51.1, 1992: 47.8, 1995: 49.0, 1998: 50.4, 2001: 52.6, 2004: 51.4
Changes in the Distribution of Wealth in the U.S., 1989–2001
Report on Net Worth and Asset Ownership of Households
Projections of the Number of Households in the U.S. 1995–2010
The System of National Accounts (SNA): comparison of U.S. national accounts statistics with those of other countries
World Trade Organization: Resources
Champagne Glass infographic of global wealth distribution from Dalton Conley's You May Ask Yourself: An Introduction to Thinking Like a Sociologist textbook which was adapted from the 1992 UNDP original

text: World distribution of wealth[edit]

text:
world distribution of wealth by country (PPP)

world distribution of wealth by region (PPP)

world distribution of wealth by country (exchange rates)

world distribution of wealth by region (exchange rates)

text: By region[edit]

text:
Region
Proportion of world… (%)[30][34]

Population
Net worth…
GDP…

PPP
Exchange rates
PPP
Exchange rates

North America
5.2
27.1
34.4
23.9
33.7

Central/South America
8.5
6.5
4.3
8.5
6.4

Europe
9.6
26.4
29.2
22.8
32.4

Africa
10.7
1.5
0.5
2.4
1.0

Middle East
9.9
5.1
3.1
5.7
4.1

Asia
52.2
29.4
25.6
31.1
24.1

Other
3.2
3.7
2.6
5.4
3.4

Totals (rounded)
100%
100%
100%
100%
100%

text: World distribution of financial wealth[edit]

text: In 2007, 147 companies controlled nearly 40 percent of the monetary value of all transnational corporations.[35]


document_title: Mexican War of Independence

question_text: where did mexico win its independence from spain

text: Mexican War of Independence

text: Background

text: Mexican resistance and struggle for independence began with the brutal Spanish conquest of the Aztec Empire when Spanish conquerors had considerable autonomy from crown control. Don Martín Cortés (son of Hernán Cortés), the second marquis of the Valley of Oaxaca, led a conspiracy of holders of encomiendas against the Spanish crown after it sought to eliminate privileges for the conquistadors, particularly putting limitations on encomiendas.[2] After the suppression of that mid-16th-century conspiracy, elites raised no substantial challenge to royal rule until the Hidalgo revolt of 1810.

text: Elites in Mexico City in the seventeenth century did force the removal of a reformist viceroy, the Marqués de Gelves, following an urban riot in 1624 fomented by those elites. He attempted to eliminate corrupt practices by creole elites as well as rein in the opulent displays of the clergy's power, but ecclesiastical authorities in conjunction with creole elites mobilized urban plebeians to oust the viceroy.[3][4] The crowd was reported to shout, "Long live the King! Love live Christ! Death to bad government! Death to the heretic Lutheran [Viceroy Gelves]! Arrest the viceroy!" The attack was against Gelves as a bad representative of the crown and not against the monarchy or colonial rule itself.[5]

text: There was also a brief conspiracy in the mid-seventeenth century to unite creole elites, blacks, and indigenous against the Spanish crown and proclaim Mexican independence. The man pushing this notion called himself Don Guillén Lampart y Guzmán, an Irishman born William Lamport. Lamport's conspiracy was discovered, and he was arrested by the Inquisition in 1642, and executed fifteen years later for sedition. There is a statue of Lamport in the mauseleum at the base of the Angel of Independence in Mexico City.

text: At the end of the seventeenth century, there was a major riot in Mexico City where a mob attempted to burn down the viceroy's palace and the archbishop's residence. A painting[clarification needed] by Cristóbal Villalpando shows the damage of the 1692 tumulto. Unlike the earlier one in 1624 in which elites were involved, the viceroy ousted, and no repercussions against the instigators, the 1692 riot was by plebeians alone and racially charged. The rioters attacked key symbols of Spanish power and shouted political slogans. "Kill the [American-born] Spaniards and the Gachupines [Iberian-born Spaniards] who eat our corn! We go to war happily! God wants us to finish off the Spaniards! We do not care if we die without confession! Is this not our land?"[6] The viceroy attempted to address the apparent cause of the riot, higher maize prices that affected the urban poor. But the 1692 riot "represented class warfare that put Spanish authority at risk. Punishment was swift and brutal, and no further riots in the capital challenged the Pax Hispanica."[7]

text: The various indigenous rebellions in the colonial era were often to throw off crown rule, but they were not an independence movement as such. However, during the war of independence, issues at the local level in rural areas constituted what one historian has called "the other rebellion."[8]

text: American-born Spaniards in New Spain developed a special understanding and ties to their New World homeland, what has been seen the formation of Creole patriotism. They did not, however, pursue political independence from Spain until the Napoleonic invasion of the Iberian peninsula and defeat of Spain destabilized the monarchy.[9][10] With the implementation of the Bourbon Reforms starting in the mid-eighteenth century, the Spanish crown sought to impose restrictions on creole elites.

text: In the early 19th century, Napoleon's occupation of Spain led to an outbreak of numerous revolts against colonial government across Spanish America. After the abortive Conspiracy of the Machetes in 1799, a massive revolt in the Bajío region was led by secular cleric Miguel Hidalgo y Costilla.[11] His Grito de Dolores was the first stage of the insurgency for Mexican independence.[11][12] Before 1810, there was no significant support for independence. Once the Hidalgo revolt was underway, it received major support only in the Bajío and parts of Jalisco.[13]

text: Course of the war

text: First phase of the insurgency: the Hidalgo revolt (1810–1815)

text: Miguel Hidalgo y Costilla, a priest and member of a group of educated Criollos in Querétaro City, hosted secret gatherings in his home to discuss whether it was better to obey or to revolt against a tyrannical government, as he defined the Spanish colonial government in Mexico. Famed military leader Ignacio Allende was among the attendees. In 1810 Hidalgo concluded that a revolt was needed because of injustices against the poor of Mexico. By this time Hidalgo was known for his achievements at the prestigious San Nicolás Obispo school in Valladolid (now Morelia), and later service there as rector. He also became known as a top theologian. When his older brother died in 1803, Hidalgo took over as priest for the town of Dolores.[14]

text: Hidalgo was in Dolores on 15 September 1810, with other rebel leaders including commander Allende, when they learned their conspiracy had been discovered. Hidalgo ran to the church, calling for all the people to gather, where from the pulpit he called upon them to revolt. They all shouted in agreement. The people were a comparatively small group, and poorly armed with whatever was at hand, including sticks and rocks. On the morning of 16 September 1810, Hidalgo called upon the remaining locals who happened to be in the market, and again, from the pulpit, exhorted the people of Dolores to join him. Most did: Hidalgo had a mob of some 600 men within minutes. This became known as the Grito de Dolores or Cry of Dolores.

text: Hidalgo and Allende marched their little army through towns including San Miguel and Celaya, where the angry rebels killed all the Spaniards they found. Along the way they adopted the standard of the Virgin of Guadalupe as their symbol and protector. When they reached the town of Guanajuato on September 28, they found Spanish forces barricaded inside the public granary, Alhóndiga de Granaditas. Among them were some 'forced' Royalists, creoles who had served and sided with the Spanish. By this time, the rebels numbered 30,000 and the battle was horrific. They killed more than 500 Spanish and creoles, and marched on toward Mexico City.

text: The Viceroy quickly organized a defense, sending out the Spanish general Torcuato Trujillo with 1,000 men, 400 horsemen, and 2 cannons - all that could be found on such short notice. Ignacio Lopez Rayon joined Hidalgo's forces whilst passing near Maravatío, Michoacan while en route to Mexico City and on October 30, Hidalgo's army encountered Spanish military resistance at the Battle of Monte de las Cruces, fought them, and achieved victory. When the cannons were captured by the rebels, the surviving Royalists retreated to the City.

text: Despite having the advantage, Hidalgo retreated, against the counsel of Allende. This retreat, on the verge of apparent victory, has puzzled historians and biographers ever since. They generally believe that Hidalgo wanted to spare the numerous Mexican citizens in Mexico City from the inevitable sacking and plunder that would have ensued. His retreat is considered Hidalgo's greatest tactical error.[14]

text: Rebel survivors sought refuge in nearby provinces and villages. The insurgent forces planned a defensive strategy at a bridge on the Calderón River, pursued by the Spanish army. In January 1811, Spanish forces, led by Félix María Calleja del Rey fought the Battle of the Bridge of Calderón and defeated the insurgent army, forcing the rebels to flee north towards the United States, hoping they would attain financial and military support.[15]

text: But they were intercepted by Ignacio Elizondo, who pretended to join the fleeing insurgent forces. Hidalgo and his remaining soldiers were captured in the state of Coahuila at the Wells of Baján (Norias de Baján). All of the rebel leaders were found guilty of treason and sentenced to death, except for Mariano Abasolo. He was sent to Spain to serve a life sentence in prison. Allende, Jiménez and Aldama were executed on 26 June 1811, shot in the back as a sign of dishonor. Hidalgo, as a priest, had to undergo a civil trial and review by the Inquisition. He was eventually stripped of his priesthood, found guilty, and executed on 30 July. The heads of Hidalgo, Allende, Aldama and Jiménez were preserved and hung from the four corners of the Alhóndiga de Granaditas of Guanajuato as a warning to those who dared follow in their footsteps.

text: After Ignacio Lopez Rayon — stationed in Saltillo, Coahuila with 3,500 men and 22 cannons — heard of the capture of the insurgent leaders, he decided to flee back south on 26 March, 1811 to continue the fight. He subsequently fought the Spanish in the battles of Puerto de Piñones, Zacatecas, El Maguey, and Zitácuaro.

text: Following the execution of Hidalgo, José María Morelos took over leadership of the insurgency. He achieved the occupation of the cities of Oaxaca and Acapulco. In 1813, he convened the Congress of Chilpancingo to bring representatives together and, on 6 November of that year, the Congress signed the first official document of independence, known as the Solemn Act of the Declaration of Independence of Northern America. A long period of war followed in the Siege of Cuautla. In 1815, Morelos was captured by Spanish colonial authorities, tried and executed for treason.[16]

text: Second phase of the insurgency and independence (1815–1821)

text: From 1815 to 1821 most of the fighting for independence from Spain was done by small and isolated guerrilla bands. From these, two leaders arose: Guadalupe Victoria (born José Miguel Fernández y Félix) in Puebla and Vicente Guerrero in Oaxaca, both of whom gained allegiance and respect from their followers. Believing the situation under control, the Spanish viceroy issued a general pardon to every rebel who would lay down his arms. After ten years of civil war and the death of two of its founders, by early 1820 the independence movement was stalemated and close to collapse. The rebels faced stiff Spanish military resistance and the apathy of many of the most influential criollos.[17]

text: In what was supposed to be the final government campaign against the insurgents, in December 1820, Viceroy Juan Ruiz de Apodaca sent a force led by a royalist criollo Colonel Agustín de Iturbide, to defeat Guerrero's army in Oaxaca. Iturbide, a native of Valladolid (now Morelia), had gained renown for his zeal against Hidalgo's and Morelos's rebels during the early independence struggle. A favorite of the Mexican church hierarchy, Iturbide symbolized conservative criollo values; he was devoutly religious, and committed to the defense of property rights and social privileges. He also resented his lack of promotion and failure to gain wealth.[18]

text: Iturbide's assignment to the Oaxaca expedition coincided with a successful military coup in Spain against the monarchy of Ferdinand VII. The coup leaders, part of an expeditionary force assembled to suppress the independence movements in the Americas, had turned against the monarchy. They compelled the reluctant Ferdinand to reinstate the liberal Spanish Constitution of 1812 that created a constitutional monarchy. When news of the liberal charter reached Mexico, Iturbide perceived it both as a threat to the status quo and a catalyst to rouse the criollos to gain control of Mexico. Independence was achieved when conservative Royalist forces in the colonies chose to rise up against the liberal regime in Spain; it was an about-face compared to their previous opposition to the peasant insurgency. After an initial clash with Guerrero's forces, Iturbide assumed command of the royal army. At Iguala, he allied his formerly royalist force with Guerrero’s radical insurgents to discuss the renewed struggle for independence.

text: While stationed in the town of Iguala, Iturbide proclaimed three principles, or "guarantees," for Mexican independence from Spain. Mexico would be an independent monarchy governed by King Ferdinand, another Bourbon prince, or some other conservative European prince; criollos would be given equal rights and privileges to peninsulares; and the Roman Catholic Church in Mexico would retain its privileges and position as the established religion of the land. After convincing his troops to accept the principles, which were promulgated on February 24, 1821 as the Plan of Iguala, Iturbide persuaded Guerrero to join his forces in support of this conservative independence movement. A new army, the Army of the Three Guarantees, was placed under Iturbide's command to enforce the Plan of Iguala. The plan was so broadly based that it pleased both patriots and loyalists. The goal of independence and the protection of Roman Catholicism brought together all factions.[19]

text: Treaty of Córdoba

text: Iturbide's army was joined by rebel forces from all over Mexico. When the rebels' victory became certain, the Viceroy resigned. On August 24, 1821, representatives of the Spanish crown and Iturbide signed the Treaty of Córdoba, which recognized Mexican independence under the Plan of Iguala.[20]

text: Aftermath

text: Creation of the First Mexican Empire

text: On September 27, 1821 the Army of the Three Guarantees entered Mexico City, and the following day Iturbide proclaimed the independence of the Mexican Empire, as New Spain was henceforth to be called. The Treaty of Córdoba was not ratified by the Spanish Cortes. Iturbide included a special clause in the treaty that left open the possibility for a criollo monarch to be appointed by a Mexican congress if no suitable member of the European royalty would accept the Mexican crown. Half of the new government employees appointed were Iturbide's followers.[21]

text: On the night of the May 18, 1822, a mass demonstration led by the Regiment of Celaya, which Iturbide had commanded during the war, marched through the streets and demanded their commander-in-chief to accept the throne. The following day, the Congress declared Iturbide Emperor of Mexico. On October 31, 1822 Iturbide dissolved Congress and replaced it with a sympathetic junta.[22]

text: Spanish attempts to reconquer Mexico

text: Despite the creation of the Mexican nation, the Spanish still managed to retain a port in Veracruz that Mexico didn't manage to get control of until 23 November 1825.

text: On 28 December 1836, Spain recognized the independence of Mexico under the Santa María–Calatrava Treaty, signed in Madrid by the Mexican Commissioner Miguel Santa María and the Spanish state minister José María Calatrava.[23][24] Mexico was the first former colony whose independence was recognized by Spain; the second was Ecuador on 16 February 1840.

text: Construction of Historical Memory of Independence

text: In 1910, as part of the celebrations marking the centennial of the Hidalgo revolt of 1810, President Porfirio Díaz inaugurated the monument to Mexico's political separation from Spain, the Angel of Independence on Avenida Reforma. The creation of this architectural monument is part of the long process of the construction of historical memory of Mexican independence.

text: Although Mexico gained its independence in September 1821, the marking of this historical event did not take hold immediately. The choice of date to celebrate was problematic, because Iturbide, who achieved independence from Spain, was rapidly created Emperor of Mexico. His short-lived reign from 1821–22 ended when he was forced by the military to abdicate. This was a rocky start for the new nation, which made celebrating independence on the anniversary of Iturbide's Army of the Three Guarantees marching into Mexico City in triumph a less than perfect day for those who had opposed him. Celebrations of independence during his reign were marked on September 27. Following his ouster, there were calls to commemorate Mexican independence along the lines that the United States celebrated in grand style its Independence Day on July 4. The creation of a committee of powerful men to mark independence celebrations, the Junta Patriótica, organized celebrations of both September 16, to commemorate Hidalgo's grito and the start of the independence insurgency, and September 27, to celebrate actual political independence.[25]

text: During the Díaz regime (1876–1911), the president's birthday coincided with the September 15/16 celebration of independence. The largest celebrations took place and continue to do so in the capital's main square, the zócalo, with the pealing of the Metropolitan Cathedral of Mexico City's bells. In the 1880s, government officials attempted to move the bell that Hidalgo rang in 1810 to gather parishioners in Dolores for what became his famous "grito". Initially the pueblo's officials said the bell no longer existed, but in 1896, the bell, known as the Bell of San José, was taken to the capital. It was renamed the "Bell of Independence" and ritually rung by Díaz. It is now an integral part of Independence Day festivities.[26]