document_title: 2018 Tour de France

question_text: what is the grand prize for the tour de france

root

text: 2018 Tour de France

text: Teams[edit]

text: The 18 UCI WorldTeams were automatically invited to the race. On 6 January 2018, organisers of the Tour, the Amaury Sport Organisation (ASO), announced the four second-tier UCI Professional Continental teams that received a wildcard invitation to participate in the event. The four teams were Cofidis, Direct Énergie, Fortuneo–Samsic, from France and Belgium's Wanty–Groupe Gobert, all of which have participated in the race before.[2] This meant that new French team Vital Concept, with their team leader, sprinter Bryan Coquard, missed out on the race. Christian Prudhomme wished the team the best in their inaugural season.[3] The presentation of the teams—where the members of each team's roster are introduced in front of the media and local dignitaries—took place on Place Napoleon (fr) in the town of La Roche-sur-Yon on 5 July, two days before the opening stage.[4]

tag: p

text: New rules by the cycling's governing body, the Union Cycliste Internationale (UCI) reduced the number of riders per team for Grand Tours from 9 to 8, resulting in a start list total of 176, instead of the usual 198.[5][6] Of these, 35 competed in their first Tour de France.[7] The total number of riders that finished the race was 145.[8] The riders came from 30 countries. Seven countries had more than 10 riders in the race: France (35), Belgium (19), the Netherlands (13), Italy (13), Australia (11), Germany (11) and Spain (11).[6] The average age of riders in the race was 29.37 years,[9] ranging from the 21-year-old Egan Bernal (Team Sky) to the 40-year-old Franco Pellizotti (Bahrain–Merida).[10][11] Groupama–FDJ had the youngest average age while Bahrain–Merida had the oldest.[12]

text: The teams entering the race were:[6]

text: UCI WorldTeams

text:
AG2R La Mondiale
Astana
Bahrain–Merida
BMC Racing Team
Bora–Hansgrohe
EF Education First–Drapac p/b Cannondale
Team Dimension Data
Groupama–FDJ
Team Katusha–Alpecin
LottoNL–Jumbo
Lotto–Soudal
Movistar Team
Mitchelton–Scott
Quick-Step Floors
Team Sky
Team Sunweb
Trek–Segafredo
UAE Team Emirates

tag: ul

text: UCI Professional Continental teams

text:
Cofidis
Direct Énergie
Fortuneo–Samsic
Wanty–Groupe Gobert

text: Pre-race favourites[edit]

text: Froome[edit]

text: Defending champion Chris Froome (Team Sky) had generally been considered the main favourite for the general classification.[13] He had won four out of the last five editions, and was also the current defending champion at both other Grand Tours, the Vuelta a España and the Giro d'Italia. However, Froome's participation was cast into doubt when he returned a urine sample at the 2017 Vuelta a España, which contained twice the allowed amount of the asthma drug salbutamol. This was considered not as a positive doping result, but as an "Adverse Analytical Finding" (AAF), meaning that he was allowed to continue racing until the case was resolved. He did however face the possibility of losing his Vuelta victory and all subsequent results.[14] The ASO were unhappy with the situation, which was very similar to that of Alberto Contador, who started the 2011 Tour with his case over a positive test for clenbuterol still unresolved.[15] The UCI conducted an investigation into the AAF, which was still unresolved at the time that Froome won the 2018 Giro d'Italia. With an outcome before the start of the Tour unlikely, the ASO attempted to bar Froome from starting the race, citing article 28 of the race's rules, saying that the organiser "expressly reserves the right to refuse participation in—or to exclude from—the event, a team or any of its members whose presence would be such as to damage the image or reputation of ASO or the event".[16] Froome was cleared by the UCI on 2 July 2018, with a press statement reading that the authorities had found sufficient evidence "that Mr Froome’s sample results do not constitute an AAF".[17] He was thereafter cleared to start the Tour by the ASO as well.[18]

text: Others[edit]

text: The closest rivals of Froome were thought to be Richie Porte (BMC Racing Team), Nairo Quintana, Mikel Landa (both of Movistar Team), Tom Dumoulin (Team Sunweb), and Vincenzo Nibali (Bahrain–Merida).[19] The other riders considered contenders for the general classification were Geraint Thomas (Team Sky), Romain Bardet (AG2R La Mondiale), Primož Roglič (LottoNL–Jumbo), Adam Yates (Mitchelton–BikeExchange), Jakob Fuglsang (Astana), Alejandro Valverde (Movistar Team), Rigoberto Urán (EF Education First–Drapac p/b Cannondale), Dan Martin (UAE Team Emirates), Bob Jungels (Quick-Step Floors) and Ilnur Zakarin (Team Katusha–Alpecin).[13][20][21][22][23][24][25][26][27][28]

text: The sprinters considered favourites for the points classification and wins on the flat or hilly bunch sprint finishes were Peter Sagan (Bora–Hansgrohe), Fernando Gaviria (Quick-Step Floors), Dylan Groenewegen (LottoNL–Jumbo), Arnaud Démare (Groupama–FDJ), Marcel Kittel (Team Katusha–Alpecin), Michael Matthews (Team Sunweb), Mark Cavendish (Team Dimension Data), André Greipel (Lotto–Soudal), Alexander Kristoff (UAE Team Emirates), Sonny Colbrelli (Bahrain–Merida) and John Degenkolb (Trek–Segafredo).[29][30][31]

text: Route and stages[edit]

text: On 12 February 2017 at a rugby union match between France and Scotland at the Stade de France, the Tour's race director Christian Prudhomme announced the start of the 2018 Tour (known as the Grand Départ) would be in the Vendée department, in the Pays de la Loire region. The departments in the Pays de la Loire region hosted the Tour de France in its first edition back in 1903. Since then, the cities and towns of the Pays de la Loire region have welcomed the Grand Départ of the Tour de France nine times, five of which have set out from the Vendée. The last time the region hosted the Tour was in 2011.[32] Two weeks after the announcement, the ASO revealed that the Grand Départ would take place over three stages, with the third a team time trial.[33] In June 2017, the UCI’s Professional Cycling Council (PCC) moved the start of the Tour a week later than usual and originally planned due to a clash with the 2018 FIFA World Cup.[1] The full route was announced on 17 October 2017; it was almost completely within France, with short deviations into Spain in the Pyrenees were the only exceptions. It would feature two of the Tour's most historic climbs, Alpe d'Huez and the Col de Tourmalet, which last featured in 2015 and 2016 respectively. For the first time in 60 to 70 years, it included a section of unpaved roads on the Glières Plateau.[34] Of the route, Mark Cavendish labelled it "absolutely brutal".[35]

text: There were 21 stages in the race, covering a total distance of 3,351 km (2,082 mi), the shortest of the 21st century.[36][37] The race also included 21.7 km (13.5 mi) of cobblestones (or pavés) in stage 9, which were last featured in 2015. In the first week of the race, two laps of the short, but steep, Mûr-de-Bretagne were included.[34]

text:
Stage characteristics and winners[36]

Stage

Date

Course

Distance

Stage type

Winner

1

7 July

Noirmoutier-en-l'Île to Fontenay-le-Comte

201 km (125 mi)

Flat

 Fernando Gaviria (COL)

2

8 July

Mouilleron-Saint-Germain to La Roche-sur-Yon

182.5 km (113 mi)

Flat

 Peter Sagan (SVK)

3

9 July

Cholet to Cholet

35.5 km (22 mi)

Team time trial

 BMC Racing Team

4

10 July

La Baule to Sarzeau

195 km (121 mi)

Flat

 Fernando Gaviria (COL)

5

11 July

Lorient to Quimper

204.5 km (127 mi)

Medium mountain

 Peter Sagan (SVK)

6

12 July

Brest to Mûr-de-Bretagne

181 km (112 mi)

Medium mountain

 Dan Martin (IRL)

7

13 July

Fougères to Chartres

231 km (144 mi)

Flat

 Dylan Groenewegen (NED)

8

14 July

Dreux to Amiens

181 km (112 mi)

Flat

 Dylan Groenewegen (NED)

9

15 July

Arras to Roubaix

156.5 km (97 mi)

Medium mountain

 John Degenkolb (GER)

16 July

Annecy

Rest day

10

17 July

Annecy to Le Grand-Bornand

158.5 km (98 mi)

High mountain

 Julian Alaphilippe (FRA)

11

18 July

Albertville to La Rosière

108.5 km (67 mi)

High mountain

 Geraint Thomas (GBR)

12

19 July

Bourg-Saint-Maurice to Alpe d'Huez

175.5 km (109 mi)

High mountain

 Geraint Thomas (GBR)

13

20 July

Le Bourg-d'Oisans to Valence

169.5 km (105 mi)

Flat

 Peter Sagan (SVK)

14

21 July

Saint-Paul-Trois-Châteaux to Mende

188 km (117 mi)

Medium mountain

 Omar Fraile (ESP)

15

22 July

Millau to Carcassonne

181.5 km (113 mi)

Medium mountain

 Magnus Cort Nielsen (DNK)

23 July

Carcassonne

Rest day

16

24 July

Carcassonne to Bagnères-de-Luchon

218 km (135 mi)

High mountain

 Julian Alaphilippe (FRA)

17

25 July

Bagnères-de-Luchon to Saint-Lary-Soulan (Col de Portet)

65 km (40 mi)

High mountain

 Nairo Quintana (COL)

18

26 July

Trie-sur-Baïse to Pau

171 km (106 mi)

Flat

 Arnaud Démare (FRA)

19

27 July

Lourdes to Laruns

200.5 km (125 mi)

High mountain

 Primož Roglič (SLO)

20

28 July

Saint-Pée-sur-Nivelle to Espelette

31 km (19 mi)

Individual time trial

 Tom Dumoulin (NED)

21

29 July

Houilles to Paris (Champs-Élysées)

116 km (72 mi)

Flat

 Alexander Kristoff (NOR)

Total

3,351 km (2,082 mi)

tag: table

text: Race overview[edit]

text: Stage one's bunch sprint was won by Tour debutant Fernando Gaviria, with Peter Sagan coming in second and Marcel Kittel in third. Gaviria took the yellow and green jerseys as the leader of the general and points classifications respectively. Kévin Ledanois (Fortuneo–Samsic) took the first polka dot jersey as the leader of the mountains classification.[38] Sagan won stage two from a sprint to take the yellow and green jerseys, with Dion Smith of Wanty–Groupe Gobert claiming the polka.[39] Stage three's team time trial was won by BMC Racing Team whose riders Tejay van Garderen and Greg Van Avermaet became tied for the overall lead,[40] with Van Avermaet moving into yellow for the second time in his career due to him crossing the finish line ahead of Van Garderen in the first two stages being as there was not yet an individual time trial to measure their times down to the 1000th of a second.[41] Stage four was won by Gaviria from a bunch sprint.[42][43] Sagan further extend his lead in the points competition by winning stage five. Also in stage five, Toms Skujiņš of Trek–Segafredo won the mountains points which gave him the polka. Skujins became the first rider from Latvia to ever lead the mountains classification.[44]

text: Stage six was a sprint that Sagan and John Degenkolb raced for, seeing as virtually all of the top sprinters finished close to fifteen minutes behind the general classification contenders. Team Sky, BMC Racing Team, and Movistar Team controlled the peloton, where Geraint Thomas reeled in the final breakaway rider and won the three second time bonus sprint that put him back only three seconds behind Van Avermaet in the general classification. With only about a kilometre to go Dan Martin attacked and was able to stay away and win the stage one second ahead of the bulk of the general classification contenders. Romain Bardet and Tom Dumoulin suffered mechanical issues late in the stage which made them lose time.[45][46] Stage seven was the longest stage. At the start of stage seven, Van Avermaet remained in the yellow jersey with Thomas in second at three seconds behind. The stage was won by Dylan Groenewegen. There were multiple crashes in the first week of the tour and after stage seven, six riders had abandoned the race for various reasons including the promising young Belgian Tiesj Benoot (Lotto–Soudal), Luis León Sánchez (Astana),[47] and the green jersey winner of the 2017 Tour Michael Matthews.[48] This marked the end of the first week of the tour.

text: Groenewegen then won his second sprint stage in a row. Notably, Greipel and Gaviria were penalized for headbutting each other and lost their placing and green jersey points.[49] Martin lost more than a minute after being involved in a crash during the stage. Van Avermaet improved his lead in the general classification after earning a single second in the bonus sprint.[50] Stage nine was the cobblestone stage that was a bad day for numerous sprinters and general classification riders. Richie Porte abandoned after a crash for the second year in a row.[51] Egan Bernal, Jakob Fuglsang, Chris Froome, and Mikel Landa crashed as did many other riders; many riders had flat tires as well, including Bardet who got three of them.[52] Meanwhile, Yves Lampaert (Quick-Step Floors), Degenkolb, and Van Avermaet survived the carnage going on around them to escape the remaining peloton and cross the finish together with Degenkolb winning his first Tour stage, as Van Avermaet gained time as well as another time bonus to extend his lead in the yellow jersey.[53] The following day was the Tour's first rest day.[36]

text: The first stage at high altitude and first in the Alps, the tenth, was won by Quick-Step Floors rider Julian Alaphilippe from a large breakaway that included race leader Van Avermaet. Eventually, Alaphillipe attacked and won his first Tour stage while Van Avermaet retained his yellow jersey and extended his lead to nearly two and a half minutes,[54] when many people thought he would not be retaining it.[55] Alaphillipe also took the mountains classification.[54] Thomas achieved back-to-back summit finish wins both from the group of favourites on stages eleven and twelve by pushing the breakaway riders until the very end. In the steep finish of the eleventh, Thomas attacked in the final kilometre and passed lone breakaway rider Mikel Nieve (Mitchelton–Scott) to take the win.[56] He won stage twelve from a sprint on flat finish atop Alpe d'Huez. Dumoulin and Froome arose as the likely contenders in Paris.[57] Sagan won stage thirteen after coming out of nowhere while Kristoff and Arnaud Démare (Groupama–FDJ) dueled it out.[58] In stage fourteen, Omar Fraile of Astana came out of the breakaway and remarkably opened a twenty-minute gap to the main peloton with the yellow jersey contenders. After the Alps, it was basically down to three riders in contention, Thomas, Froome, and Dumoulin. There were many withdrawals after the Alps after names like Kittel, Mark Cavendish, Rigoberto Uran, Gaviria, Groenewegen, and Andre Griepel withdrew for various reasons. Vincenzo Nibali was forced to withdraw after fracturing a vertebrae in his back after being involved in an accident with a spectator near the summit of Alpe d'huez. Smoke from flares and animosity towards Froome were a factor and better security was called for by many people for the final week.[59]

text: Stage fifteen, the start of the final week, was once again a breakaway victory. Magnus Cort took Astana's second win in two days as there were no major changes overall.[60] The next day was the second rest day of the race.[36] Stage sixteen had a further incident when the police used tear gas against a protest by local farmers who had placed hay bales on the road. As the riders passed that point, there was still gas in the air. The race was neutralized for about fifteen minutes because several riders had problems with their eyes and had to rinse them.[61] After the restart, a large breakaway escaped and Philippe Gilbert (Quick-Step Floors), while in the lead on a descent, lost control of his bike and smashed into and over the wall. Later, Adam Yates, having taken the lead, fell on the final descent and handed the position and win to Alaphilippe, giving him his second stage win of the tour.[62]

text: On the first of the three Pyrenan stages, seventeen, Froome's challenge faded on the approach to the summit of the Col de Portet and he dropped to third position in the general classification, 2:31 behind Thomas. Dumoulin moved into second place, 1:59 off the lead. Nairo Quintana won the stage after attacking at the bottom of the final climb, moving himself up to fifth overall, behind Primož Roglič.[63] The flat stage eighteen was won by Demare from a sprint finish; by now most of the top sprint had now left the race and Sagan was suffering with injury.[64] On the mountainous stage nineteen from Lourdes to Laruns, Roglič attacked on the final climb, the Col d'Aubisque, and soloed to the finish nineteen seconds ahead of the chasing group of overall favourites. Thomas was able to consolidate his position in the yellow jersey by picking up six bonus seconds in the sprint thereby extending his lead over Dumoulin to 2 min 5 s.[65] The penultimate stage was a 31 km (19.3 mi) time trial, Dumoulin won the stage, one second ahead of Froome. Thomas survived a scare when his back wheel locked, but completed the time trial successfully, finishing fourteen seconds behind Dumoulin taking a lead of 1 min 51 s into the final stage.[66] The stage was won by Kristoff in a bunch sprint on the Champs-Élysées in Paris.[67]

text: Classification leadership[edit]

text: Four main individual classifications were contested in the 2018 Tour de France, as well as a team competition. The most important was the general classification, calculated by adding each rider's finishing times on each stage.[68] Time bonuses were awarded at the end of every stage apart from the time trial stages. The first three riders would get 10, 6, and 4 seconds, respectively. Time bonuses of three, two and one seconds, would be given to the first three riders to cross a "bonus point" in each of the first nine mass-start stages of the race. It would affect the general classification, but not the points.[69] For crashes within the final 3 km (1.9 mi) of a stage, not including time trials and summit finishes, any rider involved would receive the same time as the group he was in when the crash occurred.[70] The rider with the lowest cumulative time would be the winner of the general classification and the overall winner of the Tour.[68] The rider leading the classification would wear a yellow jersey.[71]

text:
Points classification points for the top 15 positions by type[72]

Type

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

10

11

12

13

14

15

Flat stage

50
30
20
18
16
14
12
10
8
7
6
5
4
3
2

Medium mountain stage

30
25
22
19
17
15
13
11
9

High mountain stage

20
17
15
13
11
10
9
8
7
6
5
4
3
2
1

Individual time trial

Intermediate sprint

text: The second classification was the points classification. Riders received points for finishing among the highest placed in a stage finish, or in intermediate sprints during the stage. The points available for each stage finish were determined by the stage's type.[72] The leader was identified by a green jersey.[71]

text: The third classification was the mountains classification. Points were awarded to the riders that reached the summit of the most difficult climbs first. The climbs were categorized, in order of increasing difficulty, as fourth-, third-, second-, and first-category and hors catégorie (read: "beyond category").[72] Double points were awarded at the top of the last mountains in the three mountain stages in the Pyrenees (16, 17 and 19).[73] The leader wore a white jersey with red polka dots.[71]

text: The final individual classification was the young rider classification. This was calculated the same way as the general classification, but was restricted to riders born on or after 1 January 1993.[72] The leader wears a white jersey.[71]

text: The final classification was a team classification. This was calculated using the finishing times of the best three riders per team on each stage; the leading team was the team with the lowest cumulative time. The number of stage victories and placings per team determined the outcome of a tie.[72] The riders in the team that lead this classification are identified with yellow number bibs on the back of their jerseys and yellow helmets.[74]

text: In addition, there was a combativity award given after each stage to the rider considered, by a jury, to have "made the greatest effort and who demonstrated the best qualities of sportsmanship".[69] No combativity awards are given for the time trials and the final stage.[75] The winner wore a red number bib the following stage.[76] At the conclusion of the Tour, a rider would win the overall super-combativity award which was, again, awarded by a jury.[69]

text: A total of €2,287,750 was awarded in cash prizes in the race.[75] The overall winner of the general classification received €500,000, with the second and third placed riders getting €200,000 and €100,000 respectively.[77] All finishers in the top 160 were awarded money.[77] The holders of the classifications would benefit on each stage they led; the final winners of the points and mountains would be given €25,000, while the best young rider and most combative rider would get €20,000.[78] The team classification winners was given €50,000.[79] €11,000 was given to the winners of each stage of the race, with smaller amounts given to places 2–20.[77] There were also two special awards each with a prize of €5000.[75] The Souvenir Henri Desgrange, given to first rider to pass the summit of the highest climb in the Tour, the Col du Portet on stage seventeen,[80] and the Souvenir Jacques Goddet, given to the first rider to pass Goddet's memorial at the summit of the Col du Tourmalet in stage nineteen.[75] Nairo Quintana won the Henri Desgrange and Julian Alaphilippe won the Jacques Goddet.[81][82]

text:
Classification leadership by stage

Stage

Winner

General classification

Points classification

Mountains classification

Young rider classification

Team classification

Combativity award

1

Fernando Gaviria

Fernando Gaviria

Fernando Gaviria

Kévin Ledanois

Fernando Gaviria

Quick-Step Floors

Yoann Offredo

2

Peter Sagan

Peter Sagan

Peter Sagan

Dion Smith

Sylvain Chavanel

3

BMC Racing Team

Greg Van Avermaet

Søren Kragh Andersen

No award

4

Fernando Gaviria

Jérôme Cousin

5

Peter Sagan

Toms Skujiņš

Toms Skujiņš

6

Daniel Martin

Damien Gaudin

7

Dylan Groenewegen

Laurent Pichon

8

Dylan Groenewegen

Fabien Grellier

9

John Degenkolb

Damien Gaudin

10

Julian Alaphilippe

Julian Alaphilippe

Pierre Latour

Movistar Team

Greg Van Avermaet

11

Geraint Thomas

Geraint Thomas

Alejandro Valverde

12

Geraint Thomas

Steven Kruijswijk

13

Peter Sagan

Michael Schär

14

Omar Fraile

Jasper Stuyven

15

Magnus Cort Nielsen

Rafał Majka

16

Julian Alaphilippe

Bahrain–Merida

Philippe Gilbert

17

Nairo Quintana

Movistar Team

Tanel Kangert

18

Arnaud Démare

Luke Durbridge

19

Primož Roglič

Mikel Landa

20

Tom Dumoulin

No award

21

Alexander Kristoff

Final

Geraint Thomas

Peter Sagan

Julian Alaphilippe

Pierre Latour

Movistar Team

Dan Martin

text:
In stage two, Marcel Kittel, who was third in the points classification, wore the green jersey, because first placed Fernando Gaviria wore the yellow jersey as leader of the general classification and Peter Sagan, who was second in the points classification, wore the rainbow jersey of the world champion.
In stage two, Dylan Groenewegen, who was second in the best young rider classification, wore the white jersey, because first placed Fernando Gaviria wore the yellow jersey as leader of the general classification.
In stage three, Alexander Kristoff, who was third in the points classification, wore the green jersey, because first placed Peter Sagan wore the yellow jersey as leader of the general classification, and second placed Fernando Gaviria wore the white jersey as leader of the young rider classification.
In stage seventeen Philippe Gilbert did not start, so no rider wore the red bib as the most combative rider of previous stage.

text: Final standings[edit]

text:
Legend

Denotes the winner of the general classification[71]

Denotes the winner of the mountains classification[71]

Denotes the winner of the points classification[71]

Denotes the winner of the young rider classification[71]

Denotes the winner of the team classification[71]

Denotes the winner of the combativity award[71]

text: General classification[edit]

text:
Final general classification (1–10)[8]

Rank

Rider

Team

Time

1

 Geraint Thomas (GBR)

Team Sky

83h 17' 13"

2

 Tom Dumoulin (NED)

Team Sunweb

+ 1' 51"

3

 Chris Froome (GBR)

Team Sky

+ 2' 24"

4

 Primož Roglič (SVN)

LottoNL–Jumbo

+ 3' 22"

5

 Steven Kruijswijk (NED)

LottoNL–Jumbo

+ 6' 08"

6

 Romain Bardet (FRA)

AG2R La Mondiale

+ 6' 57"

7

 Mikel Landa (ESP)

Movistar Team

+ 7' 37"

8

 Dan Martin (IRL)

UAE Team Emirates

+ 9' 05"

9

 Ilnur Zakarin (RUS)

Team Katusha–Alpecin

+ 12' 37"

10

 Nairo Quintana (COL)

Movistar Team

+ 14' 18"

text:
showFinal general classification (11–145)[8]

Rank

Rider

Team

Time

11
 Bob Jungels (LUX)
Quick-Step Floors
+ 16' 32"

12
 Jakob Fuglsang (DEN)
Astana
+ 19' 46"

13
 Pierre Latour (FRA)
AG2R La Mondiale
+ 22' 13"

14
 Alejandro Valverde (ESP)
Movistar Team
+ 27' 26"

15
 Egan Bernal (COL)
Team Sky
+ 27' 52"

16
 Tanel Kangert (EST)
Astana
+ 34' 52"

17
 Warren Barguil (FRA)
Fortuneo–Samsic
+ 37' 06"

18
 Domenico Pozzovivo (ITA)
Bahrain–Merida
+ 39' 08"

19
 Rafał Majka (POL)
Bora–Hansgrohe
+ 39' 57"

20
 Damiano Caruso (ITA)
BMC Racing Team
+ 42' 31"

21
 Guillaume Martin (FRA)
Wanty–Groupe Gobert
+ 44' 39"

22
 Ion Izagirre (ESP)
Bahrain–Merida
+ 46' 36"

23
 Mikel Nieve (ESP)
Mitchelton–Scott
+ 49' 19"

24
 Gorka Izagirre (ESP)
Bahrain–Merida
+ 50' 02"

25
 Simon Geschke (GER)
Team Sunweb
+ 50' 15"

26
 Bauke Mollema (NED)
Trek–Segafredo
+ 1h 06' 33"

27
 Pierre Rolland (FRA)
EF Education First–Drapac p/b Cannondale
+ 1h 09' 09"

28
 Greg Van Avermaet (BEL)
BMC Racing Team
+ 1h 10' 14"

29
 Adam Yates (GBR)
Mitchelton–Scott
+ 1h 17' 35"

30
 Lilian Calmejane (FRA)
Direct Énergie
+ 1h 18' 09"

31
 Robert Gesink (NED)
LottoNL–Jumbo
+ 1h 21' 13"

32
 Tejay van Garderen (USA)
BMC Racing Team
+ 1h 23' 05"

33
 Julian Alaphilippe (FRA)
Quick-Step Floors
+ 1h 28' 08"

34
 David Gaudu (FRA)
Groupama–FDJ
+ 1h 30' 01"

35
 Julien Bernard (FRA)
Trek–Segafredo
+ 1h 34' 12"

36
 Daniel Felipe Martínez (COL)
EF Education First–Drapac p/b Cannondale
+ 1h 38' 38"

37
 Antwan Tolhoek (NED)
LottoNL–Jumbo
+ 1h 39' 01"

38
 Rudy Molard (FRA)
Groupama–FDJ
+ 1h 47' 36"

39
 Sylvain Chavanel (FRA)
Direct Énergie
+ 1h 47' 47"

40
 Kristijan Đurasek (CRO)
UAE Team Emirates
+ 1h 48' 06"

41
 Arthur Vichot (FRA)
Groupama–FDJ
+ 1h 51' 19"

42
 Maxime Bouet (FRA)
Fortuneo–Samsic
+ 1h 58' 08"

43
 Nicolas Edet (FRA)
Cofidis
+ 1h 58' 54"

44
 Michael Valgren (DEN)
Astana
+ 1h 59' 20"

45
 Daniel Navarro (ESP)
Cofidis
+ 2h 00' 32"

46
 Daryl Impey (RSA)
Mitchelton–Scott
+ 2h 00' 53"

47
 Jesús Herrada (ESP)
Cofidis
+ 2h 01' 52"

48
 Amaël Moinard (FRA)
Fortuneo–Samsic
+ 2h 03' 20"

49
 Michał Kwiatkowski (POL)
Team Sky
+ 2h 05' 29"

50
 Andrey Amador (CRC)
Movistar Team
+ 2h 05' 38"

51
 Laurens ten Dam (NED)
Team Sunweb
+ 2h 06' 22"

52
 Søren Kragh Andersen (DEN)
Team Sunweb
+ 2h 06' 23"

53
 Stefan Küng (SUI)
BMC Racing Team
+ 2h 07' 14"

54
 Thomas Degand (BEL)
Wanty–Groupe Gobert
+ 2h 09' 54"

55
 Mathias Frank (SUI)
AG2R La Mondiale
+ 2h 10' 29"

56
 Jesper Hansen (DEN)
Astana
+ 2h 10' 33"

57
 Omar Fraile (ESP)
Astana
+ 2h 10' 59"

58
 Wout Poels (NED)
Team Sky
+ 2h 13' 23"

59
 Tom-Jelte Slagter (NED)
Team Dimension Data
+ 2h 13' 58"

60
 Franco Pellizotti (ITA)
Bahrain–Merida
+ 2h 17' 32"

61
 Pavel Kochetkov (RUS)
Team Katusha–Alpecin
+ 2h 17' 52"

62
 Marc Soler (ESP)
Movistar Team
+ 2h 18' 51"

63
 Jasper Stuyven (BEL)
Trek–Segafredo
+ 2h 20' 24"

64
 Marco Minnaard (NED)
Wanty–Groupe Gobert
+ 2h 20' 31"

65
 Thomas De Gendt (BEL)
Lotto–Soudal
+ 2h 24' 41"

66
 Oliver Naesen (BEL)
AG2R La Mondiale
+ 2h 29' 36"

67
 Nikias Arndt (GER)
Team Sunweb
+ 2h 32' 02"

68
 Magnus Cort (DEN)
Astana
+ 2h 32' 26"

69
 Darwin Atapuma (COL)
UAE Team Emirates
+ 2h 35' 47"

70
 Jonathan Castroviejo (ESP)
Team Sky
+ 2h 36' 06"

71
 Peter Sagan (SVK)
Bora–Hansgrohe
+ 2h 38' 08"

72
 Chad Haga (USA)
Team Sunweb
+ 2h 39' 40"

73
 Romain Sicard (FRA)
Direct Énergie
+ 2h 42' 53"

74
 Tobias Ludvigsson (SWE)
Groupama–FDJ
+ 2h 45' 40"

75
 Julien Vermote (BEL)
Team Dimension Data
+ 2h 45' 57"

76
 Gregor Mühlberger (AUT)
Bora–Hansgrohe
+ 2h 46' 13"

77
 Imanol Erviti (ESP)
Movistar Team
+ 2h 47' 46"

78
 Koen de Kort (NED)
Trek–Segafredo
+ 2h 48' 29"

79
 Ian Boswell (USA)
Team Katusha–Alpecin
+ 2h 51' 47"

80
 Yves Lampaert (BEL)
Quick-Step Floors
+ 2h 52' 37"

81
 Paul Martens (GER)
LottoNL–Jumbo
+ 2h 52' 46"

82
 Toms Skujiņš (LAT)
Trek–Segafredo
+ 2h 53' 41"

83
 Silvan Dillier (SUI)
AG2R La Mondiale
+ 2h 55' 15"

84
 Edvald Boasson Hagen (NOR)
Team Dimension Data
+ 2h 57' 00"

85
 Anthony Perez (FRA)
Cofidis
+ 2h 58' 56"

86
 Élie Gesbert (FRA)
Fortuneo–Samsic
+ 3h 00' 48"

87
 Nils Politt (GER)
Team Katusha–Alpecin
+ 3h 00' 54"

88
 Edward Theuns (BEL)
Team Sunweb
+ 3h 02' 15"

89
 Thomas Boudat (FRA)
Direct Énergie
+ 3h 04' 07"

90
 Michael Schär (SUI)
BMC Racing Team
+ 3h 04' 14"

91
 Yoann Offredo (FRA)
Wanty–Groupe Gobert
+ 3h 04' 27"

92
 Marcus Burghardt (GER)
Bora–Hansgrohe
+ 3h 04' 48"

93
 Jérôme Cousin (FRA)
Direct Énergie
+ 3h 05' 34"

94
 Paweł Poljański (POL)
Bora–Hansgrohe
+ 3h 07' 14"

95
 Andrea Pasqualon (ITA)
Wanty–Groupe Gobert
+ 3h 09' 34"

96
 Kévin Ledanois (FRA)
Fortuneo–Samsic
+ 3h 11' 55"

97
 Dion Smith (NZL)
Wanty–Groupe Gobert
+ 3h 12' 24"

98
 Laurent Pichon (FRA)
Fortuneo–Samsic
+ 3h 12' 46"

99
 Florian Vachon (FRA)
Fortuneo–Samsic
+ 3h 13' 47"

100
 Simon Clarke (AUS)
EF Education First–Drapac p/b Cannondale
+ 3h 15' 40"

101
 Julien Simon (FRA)
Cofidis
+ 3h 15' 55"

102
 Kristijan Koren (SLO)
Bahrain–Merida
+ 3h 16' 54"

103
 Tomasz Marczyński (POL)
Lotto–Soudal
+ 3h 19' 10"

104
 Daniele Bennati (ITA)
Movistar Team
+ 3h 19' 22"

105
 Romain Hardy (FRA)
Fortuneo–Samsic
+ 3h 19' 49"

106
 Rory Sutherland (AUS)
UAE Team Emirates
+ 3h 21' 22"

107
 Simon Gerrans (AUS)
BMC Racing Team
+ 3h 21' 37"

108
 Mathew Hayman (AUS)
Mitchelton–Scott
+ 3h 21' 55"

109
 Sonny Colbrelli (ITA)
Bahrain–Merida
+ 3h 21' 55"

110
 Reinardt Janse van Rensburg (RSA)
Team Dimension Data
+ 3h 24' 25"

111
 John Degenkolb (GER)
Trek–Segafredo
+ 3h 26' 35"

112
 Daniel Oss (ITA)
Bora–Hansgrohe
+ 3h 32' 29"

113
 Michael Gogl (AUT)
Trek–Segafredo
+ 3h 32' 54"

114
 Alexander Kristoff (NOR)
UAE Team Emirates
+ 3h 33' 33"

115
 Sep Vanmarcke (BEL)
EF Education First–Drapac p/b Cannondale
+ 3h 34' 17"

116
 Anthony Turgis (FRA)
Cofidis
+ 3h 36' 11"

117
 Michael Hepburn (AUS)
Mitchelton–Scott
+ 3h 36' 30"

118
 Luke Durbridge (AUS)
Mitchelton–Scott
+ 3h 37' 21"

119
 Niki Terpstra (NED)
Quick-Step Floors
+ 3h 37' 31"

120
 Fabien Grellier (FRA)
Direct Énergie
+ 3h 37' 56"

121
 Jack Bauer (AUS)
Mitchelton–Scott
+ 3h 39' 02"

122
 Maciej Bodnar (POL)
Bora–Hansgrohe
+ 3h 39' 20"

123
 Guillaume Van Keirsbulck (BEL)
Wanty–Groupe Gobert
+ 3h 40' 30"

124
 Christophe Laporte (FRA)
Cofidis
+ 3h 41' 55"

125
 Heinrich Haussler (AUS)
Bahrain–Merida
+ 3h 42' 24"

126
 Marco Marcato (ITA)
UAE Team Emirates
+ 3h 42' 54"

127
 Olivier Le Gac (FRA)
Groupama–FDJ
+ 3h 49' 03"

128
 Luke Rowe (GBR)
Team Sky
+ 3h 50' 55"

129
 Tom Scully (NZL)
EF Education First–Drapac p/b Cannondale
+ 3h 50' 59"

130
 Dimitri Claeys (BEL)
Cofidis
+ 3h 51' 15"

131
 Timothy Dupont (BEL)
Wanty–Groupe Gobert
+ 3h 51' 16"

132
 Lukas Pöstlberger (AUT)
Bora–Hansgrohe
+ 3h 56' 53"

133
 Oliviero Troia (ITA)
UAE Team Emirates
+ 3h 57' 02"

134
 Ramon Sinkeldam (NED)
Groupama–FDJ
+ 3h 58' 01"

135
 Maximiliano Richeze (ARG)
Quick-Step Floors
+ 3h 58' 58"

136
 Taylor Phinney (USA)
EF Education First–Drapac p/b Cannondale
+ 3h 59' 07"

137
 Timo Roosen (NED)
LottoNL–Jumbo
+ 4h 01' 05"

138
 Roberto Ferrari (ITA)
UAE Team Emirates
+ 4h 01' 34"

139
 Amund Grøndahl Jansen (NOR)
LottoNL–Jumbo
+ 4h 02' 04"

140
 Damien Gaudin (FRA)
Direct Énergie
+ 4h 02' 07"

141
 Arnaud Démare (FRA)
Groupama–FDJ
+ 4h 08' 18"

142
 Jasper De Buyst (BEL)
Lotto–Soudal
+ 4h 08' 54"

143
 Jay Thomson (RSA)
Team Dimension Data
+ 4h 09' 49"

144
 Jacopo Guarnieri (ITA)
Groupama–FDJ
+ 4h 12' 29"

145
 Lawson Craddock (USA)
EF Education First–Drapac p/b Cannondale
+ 4h 34' 19"

text: Points classification[edit]

text:
Final points classification (1–10)[8]

Rank

Rider

Team

Points

1

 Peter Sagan (SVK)

Bora–Hansgrohe

477

2

 Alexander Kristoff (NOR)

UAE Team Emirates

246

3

 Arnaud Démare (FRA)

Groupama–FDJ

203

4

 John Degenkolb (GER)

Trek–Segafredo

178

5

 Julian Alaphilippe (FRA)

Quick-Step Floors

143

6

 Greg Van Avermaet (BEL)

BMC Racing Team

134

7

 Andrea Pasqualon (ITA)

Wanty–Groupe Gobert

115

8

 Geraint Thomas (GBR)

Team Sky

110

9

 Sonny Colbrelli (ITA)

Bahrain–Merida

104

10

 Dan Martin (IRL)

UAE Team Emirates

98

text: Mountains classification[edit]

text:
Final mountains classification (1–10)[8]

Rank

Rider

Team

Points

1

 Julian Alaphilippe (FRA)

Quick-Step Floors

170

2

 Warren Barguil (FRA)

Fortuneo–Samsic

91

3

 Rafał Majka (POL)

Bora–Hansgrohe

76

4

 Geraint Thomas (GBR)

Team Sky

74

5

 Tom Dumoulin (NED)

Team Sunweb

63

6

 Primož Roglič (SVN)

LottoNL–Jumbo

56

7

 Dan Martin (IRL)

UAE Team Emirates

41

8

 Nairo Quintana (COL)

Movistar Team

40

9

 Tanel Kangert (EST)

Astana

39

10

 Steven Kruijswijk (NED)

LottoNL–Jumbo

36

text: Young rider classification[edit]

text:
Final young rider classification (1–10)[8]

Rank

Rider

Team

Time

1

 Pierre Latour (FRA)

AG2R La Mondiale

83h 39' 26"

2

 Egan Bernal (COL)

Team Sky

+ 5' 39"

3

 Guillaume Martin (FRA)

Wanty–Groupe Gobert

+ 22' 05"

4

 David Gaudu (FRA)

Groupama–FDJ

+ 1h 07' 18"

5

 Daniel Martínez (COL)

EF Education First–Drapac

+ 1h 16' 01"

6

 Antwan Tolhoek (NED)

LottoNL–Jumbo

+ 1h 16' 48"

7

 Søren Kragh Andersen (DEN)

Team Sunweb

+ 1h 44' 10"

8

 Stefan Küng (SUI)

BMC Racing Team

+ 1h 45' 01"

9

 Marc Soler (ESP)

Movistar Team

+ 1h 56' 14"

10

 Magnus Cort (DEN)

Astana

+ 2h 10' 13"

text: Team classification[edit]

text:
Final team classification (1–10)[8]

Rank

Team

Time

1

Movistar Team

250h 24' 53"

2

Bahrain–Merida

+ 12' 33"

3

Team Sky

+ 31' 14"

4

LottoNL–Jumbo

+ 47' 24"

5

Astana

+ 1h 15' 32"

6

Team Sunweb

+ 1h 58' 54"

7

AG2R La Mondiale

+ 2h 15' 49"

8

BMC Racing Team

+ 2h 35' 45"

9

Quick-Step Floors

+ 3h 06' 17"

10

Mitchelton–Scott

+ 3h 13' 41"


document_title: List of most-liked Instagram pictures

question_text: what is the most liked photo on instagram

text: List of most-liked Instagram pictures

text: This list contains the top ten pictures with the most likes on the social photo-sharing platform Instagram;[1] Instagram does not provide an official list. As of February 2018, the name announcement of Kylie Jenner's first child is the most-liked picture with over 17 million likes.[2][3]

text: Top pictures[edit]

text:
Rank
Posted by
Post description
Likes
(millions)
Post date

1.
Jenner, KylieKylie Jenner
@kyliejenner
Baby name announcement
17.2
000000002018-02-06-0000February 6, 2018[4]

2.
Ronaldo, CristianoCristiano Ronaldo
@cristiano
Fourth child's birth announcement
11.3
000000002017-11-12-0000November 12, 2017[5]

3.
Beyoncé, Beyoncé
@beyonce
Twin pregnancy announcement
11.2
000000002017-02-01-0000February 1, 2017[6]

4.
Jenner, KylieKylie Jenner
@kyliejenner
Pregnancy/Birth announcement
10.6
000000002018-02-04-0000February 4, 2018[7]

5.
Gomez, SelenaSelena Gomez
@selenagomez
Kidney transplant
10.5
000000002017-09-14-0000September 14, 2017[8]

6.
Beyoncé, Beyoncé
@beyonce
Twins' birth announcement
10.3
000000002017-07-14-0000July 14, 2017[9]

7.
Jenner, KylieKylie Jenner
@kyliejenner
Posing in a car
8.9
000000002018-02-12-0000February 12, 2018[10]

8.
Kardashian, KhloéKhloé Kardashian
@khloekardashian
Pregnancy announcement
8.8
000000002017-12-20-0000December 20, 2017[11]

9.
Gomez, SelenaSelena Gomez
@selenagomez
Childhood home
8.5
000000002018-01-07-0000January 7, 2018[12]

10.
Bieber, JustinJustin Bieber
@justinbieber
Showing off new tattoo
8.4
000000002018-01-06-0000January 6, 2018[13]


document_title: Sing (2016 American film)

question_text: who does the singing for mike in sing

question_tokens: who does the singing for mike in sing

text: Sing (2016 American film)

text: Plot[edit]

text: In a world of anthropomorphic animals, koala Buster Moon owns a theater, having been interested in show business since his father took him to his first music show as a child. Following financial problems brought up by the bank representative Judith, he tells his wealthy friend Eddie that he will host a singing competition with a prize of $1,000. But Buster's assistant, Miss Crawly, accidentally appends two extra zeroes, and the promotional fliers showing $100,000 are blown out of Buster's office into the city streets.

text: Animals from all around the city gather for auditions. Those selected include housewife and mother of 25 piglets Rosita; street musician mouse Mike; mobster's son gorilla Johnny; and punk-rock porcupine Ash. Shy teenage elephant Meena fails her audition out of stage fright, while Ash's boyfriend Lance is dismissed from the contest. Rosita is paired with another contestant, an exuberant pig named Gunter, for a dance routine. Although Buster discovers the flyers show a prize of $100,000 (money he does not have), he remains optimistic. Buster convinces Eddie to arrange a visit with Eddie's grandmother, former opera singer and theater actress Nana Noodleman, to persuade her to sponsor the prize money. She is hesitant to contribute but agrees to see a private screening of the show.

text: Encouraged by her grandfather, Meena tries to ask Buster for another chance, but becomes his stage hand instead. When one of the acts quits, and another is injured, Meena is added as an act. The performers' individual problems begin to hinder rehearsals: Rosita flounders in her dance routine with Gunter, after having been distracted by her parenting duties that have fallen into disarray. After discovering Lance with a new girlfriend and evicting them from her apartment, Ash is devastated and can no longer sing her assigned song, Carly Rae Jepsen's "Call Me Maybe." Johnny is torn between having to help his father as the driver of a getaway car in a heist and making the practices. When he tries to do both, he does not show up for the planned pickup in time, and his father and his gang are arrested. Meena does not get any help in overcoming her stage fright, and Mike, certain that the prize money is as good as his, buys a fancy car to impress a female mouse, and then swindles a group of bears in a card game at a nightclub.

text: The day of the screening, the bears interrupt the show, demanding the money from Mike, who in turn, points to Buster. The bears open the chest containing the prize money, but it is nowhere near $100,000. The glass tank full of luminescent squids that Buster got to light up the theater breaks under all their weight, flooding the theater, which then comes crashing down. With the lot repossessed by Judith, Buster, who had been living in his theater's office desk, takes up residence at Eddie's place (his parents' pool house). Although the contestants (besides Mike, who saw Buster as a fraud) visit him and try to cheer him up, Buster is too despondent to listen to them. He tries to start over by opening a car wash, using the same bucket that his father had used to earn money for Buster's theater.

text: When Meena goes to the theater's rubble lot and sings Leonard Cohen's "Hallelujah," Buster hears her and is inspired to reinstate the show without the prize money. They perform on a makeshift stage on the lot in front of Rosita and Meena's family members. As Rosita and Gunter perform Taylor Swift's "Shake It Off," more animals are attracted to the scene as the show is broadcast on the news. Johnny's rendition of Elton John's "I'm Still Standing" impresses his father, who then escapes from prison to reconcile with him. Despite an interruption by Judith, Ash sings her original rock song "Set It All Free." Mike returns to the show and sings Frank Sinatra's "My Way." Meena finally overcomes her fears and sings Stevie Wonder's "Don't You Worry 'bout a Thing," which literally brings down the house. The show becomes a success and impresses Nana, who was in the audience. Nana buys the lot and the theater is rebuilt and reopened.

text: Voice cast[edit]

text:
Matthew McConaughey as Buster Moon, an optimistic koala who plans to save his theater from closure by holding a singing competition.[3][5]
Reese Witherspoon as Rosita, a pig who gave up her teenage music dreams to become a devoted wife to Norman, and mother to their 25 piglets.[5]
Seth MacFarlane as Mike, an arrogant street musician mouse with a big Frank Sinatra-esque voice.[5]
Scarlett Johansson as Ash, a teenage porcupine punk rocker who takes part in an alternative-rock music duo with her boyfriend Lance.[1][5]
John C. Reilly as Eddie Noodleman, a sheep and Buster's friend who doubts the future of the theater.[5][6]
Tori Kelly as Meena, a teenage elephant with an exquisite singing voice and severe stage fright.[5]
Taron Egerton as Johnny, a teenage gorilla who wants to sing, though his father would rather have him follow his criminal footsteps.[5]
Jennifer Saunders as Nana Noodleman, a sheep and Eddie's grandmother who was a singer in her glory days.[7][8]

Jennifer Hudson[1] as Young Nana

Garth Jennings as Miss Crawly, an elderly iguana with a glass eye who is Buster's administrative assistant.[1]
Peter Serafinowicz as Big Daddy, a gorilla gang leader who wants his son Johnny to follow in his crime business.[1]
Nick Kroll as Gunter, a passionate dancing pig who is partnered with Rosita for the show.[9][7]
Beck Bennett as Lance, a porcupine and Ash's boyfriend.[1]
Jay Pharoah[7] as Meena's grandfather who pressures her to overcome her stage fright.
Nick Offerman[7] as Norman, a pig and Rosita's husband.
Leslie Jones as Meena's mother
Rhea Perlman as Judith,[1][10] a brown llama from the bank who warns Buster that his theater will be repossessed if he does not pay.
Laraine Newman as Meena's grandmother
Adam Buxton as Stan, a gorilla who is a member of Big Daddy's gang.
Brad Morris as Baboon, whom Mike attacks for not donating more money to his street performances.
Bill Farmer as News Reporter Dog, who documents Buster's singing competition.

text: The voices of Rosita's piglet children were provided by Oscar, Leo, Caspar, and Asa Jennings, the children of Garth Jennings, the film's writer and director. Jennings had directors Edgar Wright and Wes Anderson provide "additional voices", continuing a tradition of the three friends appearing in each other's films.[11]

text: Production[edit]

text: In January 2014, it was announced that Garth Jennings would write and direct an animated comedy film for Universal Pictures and Illumination Entertainment, about "courage, competition and carrying a tune,"[12] which was originally titled Lunch,[13] and then retitled as Sing.[5]

text: On January 14, 2015, Matthew McConaughey was cast in the film's lead voice role.[3] Chris Meledandri and Janet Healy produced the film.[3] On June 17, 2015, it was confirmed that McConaughey's character is named Buster and that John C. Reilly would voice Eddie, a sheep and Buster's best friend.[6] In November 2015, it was announced that Reese Witherspoon, Seth MacFarlane, Scarlett Johansson, Tori Kelly and Taron Egerton had joined the cast of the film.[5]

text: The film features 65 pop songs, the rights to which cost 15 percent of the film's $75 million budget.[14] The animation was created entirely in France by Illumination MacGuff.[15]

text: Soundtrack[edit]

text: A soundtrack album for the film was released on December 21, 2016.

text: Release[edit]

text: The almost complete[16] film was screened as a work in progress beginning September 11, 2016 at the Toronto International Film Festival.[17] Universal Studios released the film on December 21, 2016.[18]

text: Home media[edit]

text: Sing was released on Blu-ray, Blu-ray 3D, Ultra HD Blu-ray and DVD on March 21, 2017. It includes three short films: Gunter Babysits, Love at First Sight, and Eddie's Life Coach.[19]

text:
In Gunter Babysits, Gunter offers to watch over Rosita and Norman's piglets while they are away as he works to prove himself to be a good babysitter.
In Love at First Sight, Johnny sets Miss Crawly up with an online dating website where she manages to score a date with a lizard named Herman.
In Eddie's Life Coach, Eddie's mother sets Eddie up for a digital training seminar where he will be assigned to a dachshund named Garry "The Winner" Wishman.

text: Reception[edit]

text: Box office[edit]

text: Sing grossed $270.3 million in the United States and Canada, and $363.8 million in other territories, for a worldwide total of $634.1 million, against a production budget of $75 million.[2] Deadline.com calculated the net profit of the film to be $194.2 million, when factoring together all expenses and revenue for the film, making it the 7th most profitable release of 2016.[20]

text: In North America, the film opened alongside Passengers and Assassin's Creed, and was expected to gross around $70 million from 4,022 theaters over its first six days of release.[21] The film made $1.7 million during its Tuesday night previews.[22] It went on to gross $35.2 million in its opening weekend (a six-day total of $75.5 million), finishing second at the box office behind Rogue One: A Star Wars Story, which was in its second week.[23] Sing holds the record for being the highest-grossing film to never finish first at the North American box office, besting My Big Fat Greek Wedding ($241.4 million in 2002).[24]

text: Critical response[edit]

text: On the aggregate site Rotten Tomatoes, the film has an approval rating of 73% based on 168 reviews, and an average rating of 6.5/10. The site's critical consensus reads, "Sing delivers colorfully animated, cheerfully undemanding entertainment with a solid voice cast and a warm-hearted – albeit familiar – storyline that lives up to its title."[25] On Metacritic, the film has a weighted average score of 59 out of 100 based on 37 critics, indicating "mixed or average reviews."[26] Audiences polled by CinemaScore gave the film an average grade of "A" on an A+ to F scale.[27]

text: Brian Truitt of USA Today gave the film three-and-a-half out of four stars and wrote, "In a year full of talking-animal hits, Sing isn't quite as strong a number. It's a tale that might not be particularly thought-provoking but sure is toe-tapping."[28] In her review for the Los Angeles Times, Katie Walsh called Sing, "a cute movie with genuinely funny moments (keep an eye out for the koala car wash), and some great tunes to boot."[29] The Arizona Republic's Bill Goodykoontz was rather mixed about the movie in his review and overall said, "Sing is like an album with a good song here and there, but too much filler and not enough hits."[30] Reviewing the version of the film screened at the Toronto International Film Festival, Stefan Pape of the British website HeyUGuys gave the film a mixed review of 2/5, stating that "Garth Jennings's Sing effectively acknowledges early on that it's following a completely unoriginal formula, and yet carries on regardless."[31] While Peter Debruge of Variety, who also saw the film during the same festival, did not find the subplots to have any "profound life lessons," he overall praised Jennings' direction, the cast's voice performances and the film's silliness.[32]

text: Accolades[edit]

text:
List of awards and nominations

Award
Date of ceremony
Category
Recipient(s)
Result
Ref(s)

AARP Annual Movies for Grownups Awards
February 6, 2017
Best Movie for Grownups who Refuse to Grow Up
Sing
Nominated
[33]

Annie Awards
February 4, 2017
Outstanding Achievement, Music in an Animated Feature Production
Joby Talbot
[34]

Golden Globe Awards
January 8, 2017
Best Animated Feature Film
Sing
[35]

Best Original Song
"Faith" – Ryan Tedder, Stevie Wonder and Francis Farewell Starlite

Hollywood Music in Media Awards
November 17, 2016
Best Song – Animated Film
[36][37]

Best Soundtrack Album
Sing: Original Motion Picture Soundtrack

Outstanding Music Supervision – Film
Jojo Villanueva
Won

Nickelodeon Kids' Choice Awards
March 11, 2017
Favorite Animated Movie
Sing
Nominated
[38]

Favorite Voice From an Animated Movie
Reese Witherspoon

Most Wanted Pet

Favorite Soundtrack
Sing

Saturn Awards
June 28, 2017
Best Animated Film
Nominated
[39]

text: Sequel[edit]

text: Universal and Illumination have announced plans for a sequel, tentatively titled Sing 2, slated for December 25, 2020.[40]


document_title: Saint Patrick's Day in the United States

question_text: name a city that has a huge st patrick's day parade

question_tokens: name a city that has a huge st patrick 's day parade

text: Saint Patrick's Day in the United States

text: Early celebrations[edit]

text: The Charitable Irish Society of Boston organized the first observance of Saint Patrick's Day in the Thirteen Colonies in 1737.[4] Surprisingly, the celebration was not Catholic in nature, Irish immigration to the colonies having been dominated by Protestants.[5]:8 The society's purpose in gathering was simply to honor its homeland, and although they continued to meet annually to coordinate charitable works for the Irish community in Boston, they did not meet on 16 March again until 1794.[5]:8 During the observance of the day, individuals attended a service of worship and a special dinner.[5]:8

text: New York's first Saint Patrick's Day observance was similar to that of Boston. It was held on 16 March 1762 in the home of John Marshall, an Irish Protestant, and over the next few years informal gatherings by Irish immigrants were the norm. The first recorded parade in New York was by Irish soldiers in the British Army in 1766.[5]:9 The first documented St. Patrick's Day Celebration in Philadelphia was held in 1771. Philadelphia's Friendly Sons of St. Patrick was found to honor St. Patrick and to provide relief to Irish immigrants in the city. Irish Americans have celebrated St. Patrick's Day in Philadelphia since their arrival in America. General George Washington, a member of Philadelphia's Friendly Sons of St. Patrick, actively encouraged Irish American patriots to join the Continental Army.[6] In 1780, while camped in Morristown, NJ, General Washington allowed his troops a holiday on 17 March "as an act of solidarity with the Irish in their fight for independence."[7][8][9] This event became known as The Saint Patrick's Day Encampment of 1780.[10][unreliable source?]

text: Irish patriotism in New York City continued to soar, and the parade in New York City continued to grow. Irish aid societies like Friendly Sons of Saint Patrick and the Hibernian Society were created and marched in the parades. Finally when many of these aid societies joined forces in 1848, the parade became not only the largest parade in the United States but one of the largest in the world.[11]

text: The City of Savannah, Georgia, has hosted Saint Patrick's Day celebrations since 1824. It boasts a celebration rivaling that of New York City in size and fervor. Unlike any other cities, Savannah's historic parade is always held on March 17, not on the neighboring weekend. Festivities begin more than a week in advance with[12] communal rituals and commemorative ceremonies, such as the St.Patrick's Parade. Such events were, in fact, the main factors in shaping Irish-American identity as recognized today.[13] In fact, leading up to the 1870s, Irish-American identity in the United States was reworked through the shifting character of the Saint Patrick's Day rituals and features under three separate occasions: initially, in 1853 when it undertook a "spiritual rhetoric" notion, then when it became known as a "reformulated memory of an Irish past couched in terms of vengeance against Britain" to, finally, adopting a "sectarian catholic nationalism" attitude in the 1870s and 1880s.[14]

text: In fact, ceremonies represent the very "junctures at which processes of identity formation surface through representation," which implies that ritual practices represent the molding tools people turn to in order to build a national identity.[15] Furthermore, incorporating "the analysis of commemorative rituals" becomes a valuable element "in the context of broader historical studies" as such analysis reveals much about the collective conscience of the Irish-American community.[16]

text: There is a clear gradual shift toward a nationalist attitude in the Irish-American Diaspora which can be detected in the prose of Doheny's commemorative speech in 1853, but the "complete ascendency to a nationalist [approach] in Irish identity" truly came in the 1870s and 1880s.[17] More important, there were already numerous evidences of a national identity present in the Irish Catholic labouring classes prior to the settlement of an Irish-Catholic community in America.[18] Despite the longing memory of a loved lost Ireland, the main factor that contributed to creating a clear "sense of group unity" in the Irish-American community really came with the hatred sentiments that were felt towards "British oppression and resistance".[18]

text: Furthermore, there is a turnover in perspectives towards the causes of the Great famine in the mind of the Irish-American that can be traced: one that varies from a "mourning religious view", seen in Archbishop Hughes' sermon, to a perspective that shifts the blame towards the British monarchy for its indifference and greed, seen in Cahill's speech in 1860.[19] From that point on, all the following commemorative speeches on the Saint Patrick's Day invoked nationalist themes such as "British hatred" and "heroic struggle" and led the way for the creation of a "new parade" which gained in adherents and absorbed "elements of American patriotism and full-fledged nationalism".[20] The end result was such that the Irish-American community came to regard itself in the 1870s as a community that defined itself by dual loyalties on one hand, and in another as "a unified common organism," which gathered in strength on the basis that they had a common past, "not a religious one but one that centered on the common Irish experience of British oppression and suffering".[21] In other words, this goes to show that the shifting character of commemorative rituals experienced during the Saint Patrick's parade have influenced the development of American culture in a larger sense, since it contributed to enriching its heritage and making of its Irish-American Diaspora a prideful concept to be celebrated and admired.[22]

text: Customs today[edit]

text: In every year since 1991, March has been proclaimed Irish-American Heritage Month by the US Congress or President due to the date of Saint Patrick's Day. Christian denominations in the United States observing this feast day include the Evangelical Lutheran Church in America, Protestant Episcopal Church, and the Roman Catholic Church.[23] Today, Saint Patrick's Day is widely celebrated in America by Irish and non-Irish alike.[23] For most Irish-Americans, this holiday is both religious and festive.[24] It is one of the leading days for consumption of alcohol in the United States, as individuals are allowed to break their Lenten sacrifices for the day in order to celebrate Saint Patrick's Day.[25][26] The consumption of artificially colored green beer is a common celebration. Green Beer Day, for instance, is a tradition among students at Miami University (Miami of Ohio), dating to 1952; the day has been held on the Thursday before spring break due to the fact that Saint Patrick's Day often occurs during the spring recess. The holiday has been criticized for promoting over-indulgence in alcohol, resulting in drunk driving, property damage, absenteeism, public urination and vomiting, and other ill effects. A notable difference between traditions widely observed in the United States versus those of Ireland is the consumption of corned beef, which is not a traditional Irish dish, but rather one that was adopted by the new immigrants upon their arrival in the 19th Century.

text: Many people choose to wear green colored clothing and items.[23] Traditionally, those who are caught not wearing green are pinched "affectionately".[27]

text: Seattle and other cities paint the traffic stripe of their parade routes green. Chicago dyes its river green and has done so since 1962 when sewer workers used green dye to check for sewer discharges and had the idea to turn the river green for Saint Patrick's Day. Originally 100 pounds of vegetable dye was used to turn the river green for a whole week but now only forty pounds of dye is used and the color only lasts for several hours.[28] Indianapolis also dyes its main canal green. Savannah dyes its downtown city fountains green. Missouri University of Science and Technology - St Pat's Board Alumni paint 12 city blocks kelly green with mops before the annual parade.[citation needed] In Jamestown, New York, the Chadakoin River (a small tributary that connects Conewango Creek with its source at Chautauqua Lake) is dyed green each year.

text: Columbia, South Carolina, dyes its fountain green in the area known as Five Points (a popular collegiate location near the University of South Carolina). A two-day celebration is held over St Patrick's Day weekend. In Boston, Evacuation Day is celebrated as a public holiday for Suffolk County. While officially commemorating the British departure from Boston, it was made an official holiday after Saint Patrick's Day parades had been occurring in Boston for several decades and is believed to have been popularized because of its falling on the same day as Saint Patrick's Day.[1] Since 1992, the participation of gay and lesbian people in the Boston parade has been disputed and this was the subject of the 1995 U.S. Supreme Court case Hurley v. Irish-American Gay, Lesbian, and Bisexual Group of Boston. The New York parade has experienced a similar controversy since 1991,[29] with boycotts by Mayors Menino and Dinkins, and De Blasio, and Walsh expected to boycott in 2014.

text: Wikimedia Commons has media related to Saint Patrick's Day in the United States.

text: In the Northeastern United States, peas are traditionally planted on Saint Patrick's Day.[30]

text: Parades[edit]

text: Many parades are held to celebrate the holiday. The longest-running public parades are:

text:
Boston, Massachusetts, since 1737. This began as a gathering NOT a "parade" as explained above in "Early Celebrations" section.
New York City, New York, since 1762 This began as a gathering NOT a "parade" as explained above in "Early Celebrations" section.
Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, since 1771
Morristown, New Jersey, since 1780
New Orleans, Louisiana, since 1809
Buffalo, New York, since 1811
Savannah, Georgia, since 1824[31][32]
Carbondale, Pennsylvania, since 1833
New Haven, Connecticut, since 1842
Cleveland, Ohio, since 1842
Milwaukee, Wisconsin, since 1843[33]
Chicago, Illinois, since 1843
Saint Paul, Minnesota, since 1851[34]
San Francisco, since 1852
Atlanta, since 1858[35]
Scranton, Pennsylvania, since 1862
Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, since 1869[36]
Kansas City, Missouri, since 1873[37]
Butte, Montana, since 1882
Denver, Colorado, since 1889[38]
Rolla, Missouri, since 1909
Holyoke, Massachusetts, since 1952[39]
Baltimore, Maryland, since 1953
Bay City, Michigan, since 1955
Detroit, Michigan, 1959[40]
Pearl River, New York, since 1963
Cincinnati, Ohio, since 1967
St. Louis, Missouri, since 1968
Norfolk, Virginia, since 1968
Lexington, Kentucky, since 1980
Peoria, Illinois, since 1980[41]
San Diego, California, since 1981
Columbia, South Carolina, since 1982
Alexandria, Virginia, since 1982
New London, Wisconsin, since 1984

text: Cities with major celebrations[edit]

text: Atlanta, Georgia[edit]

text: People in Atlanta, Georgia celebrate St. Patrick's Day by holding a parade that courses through several blocks of a main portion of the city, particularly on Peachtree Street in Midtown Atlanta.[42] In 2012, what was called the largest Irish flag in history was used in Atlanta's parade.[42] The St. Patrick's Day parade has been held in Atlanta since 1858.[43] In the 2014 parade, more than 200 units participated from across the South, and as far away as Ireland.[43]

text: Baltimore, Maryland[edit]

text: A parade is held the Sunday before St. Patrick's Day, annually since the 1856, starting at the Washington Monument and ends at Market Place in the Inner Harbor. The Shamrock 5k is held just before the parade starts. There are large events held in the Federal Hill, Canton, Inner Harbor, and Fell's Point neighborhoods. The parade in Baltimore is the largest in Maryland.

text: Boston, Massachusetts[edit]

text: A large St. Patrick's Day parade is held in South Boston, Massachusetts.[44][45] During the Revolutionary War on March 17, 1776,[1] when the British soldiers saw a line of 55 American cannons at Dorchester Heights, as well as hollowed-out logs that appeared to be cannons, they left Boston.[45] The password for safe passage through continental lines at that time was "St. Patrick."[45] The very first celebration of Evacuation Day (Massachusetts) was in 1901.[45] This day is celebrated in remembrance of the day that General George Washington and the Continental Army succeeded in causing British troops to end their occupation of Boston.[1][45] Major George F.H. Murray of the Ninth Regiment of the Army was the first chief marshal of Boston's St Patrick's Day parade.[45] In 2015 the first gay groups (Boston Pride and OutVets) marched in Boston's St. Patrick's Day parade.[46] The 3.2-mile parade route starts at Andrew Square (at Broadway MBTA Red Line stop), at the intersection of Dorchester Avenue and Broadway in South Boston, Massachusetts, and travels Dorchester Street to Telegraph Street looping through Dorchester Heights and then bearing right onto East Fourth Street it continues down to 'P' Street bearing left onto East Broadway where it ends (at the Andrew MBTA Red Line stop).

text: Buffalo, New York[edit]

text: The city of Buffalo has two full Saint Patrick's Day parades. The first is the "Old Neighborhood Parade," in its 24th year in 2017, which takes place in the city's historic Old First Ward in South Buffalo on the Saturday nearest Saint Patrick's Day (before or after); through 2015, that parade followed a route used by the original Saint Patrick's Day parades in Buffalo, until crowd concerns and drunken rowdiness forced the city to reroute the parade through wider roads in the First Ward.[47] The older, larger "Buffalo Saint Patrick's Day Parade" (in its 75th consecutive year in 2017) also takes place, usually on the day after the Old Neighborhood parade. That parade runs from Niagara Square along Delaware Avenue to North Street.[48][49] The latter parade is the third largest parade in New York State behind the New York City Parade and the Pearl River Parade.

text: In addition to the full parades, Talty's Tavern in South Buffalo also holds a spoof parade that lasts only one block.[50]

text: Butte, Montana[edit]

text: Butte Montana's mining history brought in a large population of Irish immigrants, to the point that Gaelic was spoken as a common language in the mines and Butte had the highest percentage of Irish population of any city in America, including Boston.[51] Today, the city's population is under 40,000 people, and the annual St. Patrick's Day celebration brings in roughly 30,000 visitors each year, nearly doubling the city's population for the day. Butte has a long history of running a parade through the Uptown District of the city and hosting music at a number of venues, including numerous bars, including one featuring booths created from church pews that had been imported from Dublin and a stone imported from County Clare at the door for visitors to touch.[52] Until 2013 there was no open container law in Butte, and the current ordinance only prohibits open containers between 2:00 am and 8:00 am.[53] The day's events have a reputation for rowdy celebrations.[54]

text: Chicago, Illinois[edit]

text: The Irish comprise one of the largest ethnic groups in Chicago.[55] Although the Irish are present throughout the city, the Beverly, Bridgeport, Morgan Park, and Mount Greenwood neighborhoods have had strong Irish-Catholic populations as does the adjacent suburbs of Blue Island, Alsip, Merrionette Park, and Oak Lawn. People on the south side that are of Irish heritage are known as the "South Side Irish," and have long had an influential role in the political and economic scene of the city. They even have their own song that features lines pronouncing pride in Irish-American heritage.

text: The city has many different Saint Patrick's Day celebrations, the most famous being the dyeing of the Chicago River. Each year, the city hosts a parade downtown, which is preceded by the dyeing of the Chicago River. The dyeing of the river involves thousands of people lining the banks of the river and watching as a boat releases dye into the river and turns the river a kelly green color. The Chicago Journeymen Plumbers Union Local 130 has historically sponsored the river dyeing and know the secret to the dye mix.[56]

text: Another famous celebration is the South Side Irish parade. This is known as more of a celebration by those of Irish heritage rather than a popular activity attended by people of all heritages like the downtown celebration has been known. This parade features traditional Irish dancers, as well as various businesses and organisations from around the city. This parade has been scaled back in recent years as the Saint Patrick's Day committee announced that it was becoming too large for the community to handle. In 2010, the South Side Parade was suspended. Due in part to pressure from community businesses—particularly pubs and package goods stores—as well as local churches on the city, the parade was reinstated in 2012. Of the various St. Patrick's Day parades in Chicago, the South Side parade tries to be family friendly and currently has a zero tolerance policy for public alcohol consumption while attending the parade.[57]

text: The Chicago White Sox baseball team, who play on the South side, are known for their "Halfway to Saint Patrick's Day" promotion held in September, when the team wears white jerseys with green pinstripes and caps, in lieu of the usual black.

text: Wikimedia Commons has media related to Saint Patrick's Day in Chicago.

text: Cleveland, Ohio[edit]

text: As Ohio's largest and oldest St. Patrick's Day celebration, Cleveland has honored its Irish heritage with an annual Saint Patrick's Day parade first begun in 1842. The parade always occurs on March 17, no matter the day of the week. Originally held in the city's nearby westside neighborhoods, where a higher percentage of the population was of Irish descent, the parade route today runs along Superior Avenue, downtown, from East 18th Street to Public Square.

text: In recent years, over 15,000 registered participants march in the parade and display their floats in front of hundreds of thousands of spectators.[58] A new record attendance was set in 2012 with over 500,000 people.[59]

text: As part of the parade ceremonies, a Grand Marshal is annually chosen to preside over the procession. This is an honorary title given to a man "usually in his senior years, who has contributed significantly to the advancement of the Irish Activities in Cleveland." This recognition has been part of the parade since 1935, while "Mother of the Year" was established as a distinguished position since 1963.

text: Columbia, South Carolina[edit]

text: Five Points in Columbia, South Carolina, is home to one of the largest Saint Patrick's Day celebrations in the Southeast. Each year Saint Patrick's in Five Points welcomes over 40,000 people living the luck of the Irish and celebrating all things Gaelic. Continually growing and improving, the festival includes a 10K and 5K run, a fun-filled parade, family entertainment, Irish food and craft offerings, child attraction, the Pot O’ Gold Playland, a swinging shag dance exhibition and DJ throwdown, as well as five outdoor stages with live music hosting over 25 musical acts, many nationally known.

text: Dallas, Texas[edit]

text: The city of Dallas, Texas has held a Saint Patrick's Day parade since 1979 down Greenville Avenue. It is the largest celebration in the city. It was almost canceled in 2012 due to rising costs, but was saved by local resident billionaire Mark Cuban.[60]

text: Detroit, Michigan[edit]

text: St. Patrick's Day was first formally celebrated in Detroit in 1808.[61] The current parade, sponsored by the United Irish Societies, began in 1959. It is held in Detroit's Corktown neighborhood, named after the its Irish residents who primarily immigrated from County Cork.

text: Enterprise, Alabama[edit]

text: The "World's Smallest Saint Patrick's Day Parade" occurs in Enterprise, Alabama, each year.[62] A person of Irish descent, generally dressed in festive garb and carrying a large Irish flag, is the only person in the parade. He, or she, walks one block from the courthouse to the Boll Weevil Monument and back to the courthouse. The parade is reported by local[63] and national news.[64]

text: Hoboken, New Jersey[edit]

text: The New Jersey city of Hoboken has held an annual Saint Patrick's Day parade since 1986.[65] The parade takes place at 1 pm and marches down Washington Street from 14th Street to 1st Street.

text: Over the years, there has been much controversy surrounding the public intoxication during this event. The city has issued a zero tolerance policy, and has been enacting $2,000 minimum fines for any alcohol-related offence.[66]

text: Holyoke, Massachusetts[edit]

text: This western Massachusetts factory town was the site of massive Irish immigration in the 19th century and hosts a parade its organizers claim is the second largest in the United States. It is scheduled on the Sunday following Saint Patrick's Day each year. Attendance exceeds 300,000, with over 25,000 marchers through a 2.3-mile route in the city of 40,000. A 10K road race and many events create a remarkable festival weekend.[67] Each year an Irish-American who has distinguished himself or herself in his or her chosen profession is awarded the John F. Kennedy National Award. JFK was a National Award Winner in the 1958 Holyoke Parade. Other winners include author Tom Clancy, Homeland Security Director Tom Ridge, and actor Pat O'Brien[68]

text: Hot Springs, Arkansas[edit]

text: The Hot Springs, Arkansas, parade is among world's shortest and is held annually on historic Bridge Street, designated "The Shortest Street in the World" in the 1940s by Ripley’s Believe It or Not.[69][70] The street is 98 feet long, making it suitable for the shortest Saint Patrick's Day parade in the world.[71]

text: Jackson, Mississippi[edit]

text: Mal's St. Paddy's Parade in downtown Jackson started in 1983 and has grown each year. The parade is the brainchild of Jackson entrepreneur Malcolm White, who is now the executive director of the Mississippi Arts Commission.[72] For years, a highlight of the parade was the Sweet Potato Queens, who started a separate parade in 2011 because their ranks of marchers had grown too numerous.[73]

text: Las Vegas, Nevada[edit]

text: The Southern Nevada (formerly Las Vegas) Sons and Daughters of Erin have put on a parade since 1966. It was formerly held on Fremont Street in downtown Las Vegas, later moved to 4th Street. Since 2005, the parade has been held in downtown Henderson. It is the biggest parade in the state of Nevada with over 100 entries. The celebration includes a three-day festival, carnival and classic car show in Old Town Henderson.[citation needed]

text: Maryville, Missouri[edit]

text: Maryville, Missouri, home of Northwest Missouri State University, annually holds a parade sponsored by The Palms Bar and Grill that has been recognised by the Guinness Book of World Records as the shortest Saint Patrick's Day parade. It runs approximately 1/2 of a block.

text: New Orleans[edit]

text: Historically the largest entry port for Irish immigrants in the US South, New Orleans has maintained a large population of Irish heritage. The earliest record of Saint Patrick's Day celebrations in the city is 1809. Saint Patrick's Day traditions going back to the 19th century continue, including multiple block parties and parades.

text: The New Orleans parades are mostly based around neighborhood and community organizations. Major parades include the Irish Channel parade, the Downtown Irish Parade starting in the Bywater neighborhood, multiple parades in the French Quarter, and a combined Irish-Italian Parade celebrating both Saint Patrick's Day and Saint Joseph's Day. As with many parades in New Orleans, the influence of Mardi Gras is apparent, with some of the floats being reused from local Carnival parades, and beads and trinkets being thrown to those along the parade route. New Orleans Saint Patrick's Day parades are also famous for throwing onions, carrots, cabbages, potatoes, and other ingredients for making an Irish stew.

text: Wikimedia Commons has media related to Saint Patrick's Day in New Orleans.

text: Various suburbs and surrounding communities also hold celebrations, including parades in Metairie, Slidell, and an Irish Italian Isleño Parade in Chalmette.[74]

text: New York City[edit]

text: The New York parade not only has become the largest Saint Patrick's Day parade in the world but is also one of the oldest civilian parades in the world. In a typical year, 150,000 marchers participate in it, including bands, firefighters, military and police groups, county associations, emigrant societies and social and cultural clubs with two million spectators line the streets.[75] The parade marches up the 1.5-mile route along 5th Avenue in Manhattan, is a five-hour procession, and is always led by the 69th Infantry Regiment (New York). The commissioner of the parade always asks the commanding officer if the 69th is ready, to which the response is, "The 69th is always ready." New York politicians—or those running for office—are always found prominently marching in the parade. Former New York City Mayor Ed Koch (who was of Jewish ethnicity) once proclaimed himself "Ed O'Koch" for the day, and he continued to don an Irish sweater and march every year up until 2003, even though he was no longer in office.[76]

text: For many years the parade banned gay groups, saying groups could not display banners identifying their sexuality.[77][78][79][80][81] On September 3, 2014, the organizers of the parade announced a decision to lift the ban on gay groups, saying they preferred to keep the parade non-political and the ban was having the opposite effect.[82] In 2015 OUT@NBCUniversal, an organization of gay employees of NBCUniversal, became the first gay group to march in the parade.[83]

text: In 1989 Dorothy Hayden Cudahy became the first female Grand Marshal of the New York City Saint Patrick's Day Parade; in 1984 she had become the first woman, as well as the first American-born person, to be elected president of the County Kilkenny Association.[84][85][86]

text: Wikimedia Commons has media related to Saint Patrick's Day in New York City.

text: The New York parade is moved to the previous Saturday (16 March) in years where 17 March is a Sunday. The event also has been moved on the rare occasions when, due to Easter's falling on a very early date, 17 March would land in Holy Week. This same scenario arose again in 2008, when Easter fell on 23 March, but the festivities occurred on their normal date and were enjoyed by a record number of viewers.[87] In many other American cities (such as Philadelphia), the parade is always held on the Sunday before 17 March, regardless of the liturgical calendar.

text: Omaha, Nebraska[edit]

text: Omaha's "Stockyards" opened in 1883 and was once considered the largest livestock market in the world. This led to many ethnic groups' settling in the surrounded area, one of which is Irish. The Irish were the third largest ethnic group in South Omaha in the 20th century. Today the Ancient Order of Hibernians (AOH) Sarpy County Division's St. Patrick's Day Parade has more than 130 entries and lasts more than 90 minutes as it snakes through downtown and the Old Market.

text: Pearl River, New York[edit]

text: Pearl River attracts a crowd of 100,000 people, making it the second largest parade in New York state behind the New York City Parade. The parade started in 1963.[88]

text: Peoria, Illinois[edit]

text: The St. Patrick Society sponsors a St. Patrick’s Day Parade and Party on March 17 of each year. The Parade participants march along the designated parade route through downtown Peoria. Awards are presented in the following parade categories: Business Entries, Family Entries, and Organizational Entries. The Parade route ends near the designated site of the family-focused St. Patrick’s Day Party where families (Irish Clans) meet and enjoy Irish Music, Irish Dance and Irish refreshments.[89]

text: Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania[edit]

text: St. Patrick's Day in Pittsburgh is consistently ranked as one of the biggest and best St. Patrick's Day celebrations in the United States.[90] The parade in Pittsburgh dates back to 1869 and continues to draw record amounts of people out to celebrate as over 23,000 march in the parade which attracts almost 500,000 out to party. The city basically shuts down for the day to celebrate as the downtown area and many of the cities bridges and tunnels are filled with patrons heading out for the day's festivities. Pittsburgh also has one of the highest percentage of its population that identifies as Irish (over 13.5%) as any city in the U.S.[91]

text: Philadelphia, Pennsylvania[edit]

text: One of the largest in the nation, the St. Patrick's Day parade in Philadelphia is held on the Sunday before every St. Patrick's day, and began there in 1771.[92][93] Prior to the first parade, the Irish were already celebrating St. Patrick's Day in Philadelphia. Before the America republic was founded, Irishmen came together in 1771 to pay honor to Ireland's patron as founding members of the Society of the Friendly Sons of St. Patrick for the relief of Emigrants from Ireland. George Washington, who has encouraged the many Irish soldiers under his command during the American Revolution to fete St. Patrick's Day, was an honorary member of this society. The designation of March 17 as a day of special observance was a very early Philadelphia custom.[6]

text: In 2013, the parade included about 20,000 participants in more than 150 groups.[93] Participants included marching bands, youth groups, music dance groups, Irish associations, float riders and operators, and flag carriers.[93] After years of being on the Benjamin Franklin Parkway in Central Philadelphia, the 2017 parade route started at John F. Kennedy Boulevard and 16th Street. It then continues its approach to Philadelphia City Hall, goes down 15th Street around City Hall to approach Market Street. It then goes down Market past Independence Hall and reaches its conclusion at Penn's Landing.[94]

text: Quad Cities, Illinois and Iowa[edit]

text: A large Irish population in this cluster of Midwestern cities hosts an impressive St. Patrick's Day parade. It is "the only bi-state St. Patrick's Day Parade in the USA", according to the St. Patrick's Day Society of the Quad Cities (http://www.stpatsqc.com/GrandParade.htm), crossing the Centennial Bridge from Rock Island, Illinois into Davenport, Iowa. Being so close to Chicago, this parade still gathers around 200,000 annually on its historical parade route. Some travel experts have labeled it as one of the top St. Patrick's Day parades in North America. Much of this is due to the unique nature and small town hospitality you get in the Quad Cities. The whole area combined is a population of around 350,000, with Davenport being the largest city at just under 100,000.[citation needed]

text: Rolla, Missouri[edit]

text: Rolla is home to the Missouri University of Science & Technology (formerly known as University of Missouri-Rolla, and Missouri School of Mines), an engineering college. Inasmuch as Saint Patrick is the patron saint of engineers, the school and town's celebrations start ten days before Saint Patrick's Day, with a downtown parade held the Saturday before Saint Patrick's. A royal court is crowned, and the streets in the city's downtown area are painted solid green. Each year's celebrations are said to be "The Best Ever." In 2008, Rolla celebrated its "100th Annual Best Ever Saint Patrick's Day 2008" celebration.[citation needed]

text: In previous years, a pit of green liquid was made by students as part of the festivities, and named 'Alice'--stepping into Alice was a rite of bravery. In recent years the university faculty has banned the practice out of health concerns.[95]

text: San Diego, California[edit]

text: San Diego's 2015 St. Patrick's Day Parade and Festival is the 35th Anniversary of the largest St. Patrick's Day Parade west of the Mississippi. Lasting two hours and featuring over 120 entries, the theme for the day is "Celebrating Faith and Freedom" as designated by the Irish Congress of Southern California (ICSC). Enjoyed by more than 30,000, the St. Patrick's Day Parade and Festival includes three performance stages, a Kid's Zone, a Celtic Village, dozens of crafts and food booths, two beer gardens hosted by Guinness. Held in Balboa Park, the event was founded by James Foley who had helped organize the St. Patrick's Day Parade in Hartford, Connecticut before he and his wife, Pat, moved to San Diego to open the Blarney Stone Pub.[96][97]

text: San Francisco, California[edit]

text: There has been a Saint Patrick's Day celebration in San Francisco since 1852. San Francisco has always had a large Irish American population and for many decades Irish Americans were the largest ethnic group in San Francisco. However, as of the early 21st century, the largest ethnic group in San Francisco is Chinese Americans and most of the Irish Americans have moved to the suburban parts of the San Francisco Bay Area. Each year, however, Irish from all over the San Francisco Bay Area come into San Francisco to march in or to see the Saint Patrick's Day parade march down Market Street, held the Sunday before Saint Patrick's Day. Numerous people from all ethnic groups can be seen wearing green in San Francisco on Saint Patrick's Day.[citation needed]

text: Dublin, California[edit]

text: The annual Saint Patrick's Day celebration includes a 5K Fun Run and Walk, a pancake breakfast, a festival, and a parade. The parade is popular with residents and visitors from outside Dublin alike, and has been growing in popularity each year. It is sponsored by the Dublin Host Lions Club and features bands and colorful floats. The Dublin firefighters sponsor the pancake breakfast, and tours of the firehouse are popular with children. The festival continues all weekend, and features food, games, kiddie rides, arts & crafts, and information about local organizations. The festival had been held near the end of the parade route in Shamrock Village on Amador Valley Blvd., but was relocated to the Civic Center on Dublin Blvd., in 2007, moving it closer to the growing population in the eastern part of Dublin.

text: Savannah, Georgia[edit]

text: One of the largest parades is held in Savannah, Georgia. The parade held in Savannah is the largest in Georgia.[43] Many Irish settled in Savannah even in the earliest years since those freed from debtors' prison were invited to join General James Oglethorpe's fledging colony. There is a Mass at the Cathedral of Saint John the Baptist prior to the parade. In the early 1960s, there was an attempt to dye the Savannah River green, but all it produced was an irregular green stripe in the middle of the river. The parade organisers claimed an expected attendance of around 400,000 for 2011.[98] In 2006, the Tánaiste was featured in the parade. The parade travels through Savannah's Historic District. One tradition that has developed has been the official "dyeing of the fountains"[43] which happens several days before the parade.

text: Some confusion exists about the year of the first Saint Patrick's Day parade in Savannah. There is some evidence that a private parade was held by "an unidentified group" referred to as "Fencibles" on 17 March 1813.[99][100] Another source states that the first St. Patrick's Day celebration in Savannah was held in 1818.[43] However, it is generally accepted that the first publicly held Saint Patrick's Day procession was in 1824, organized by the Hibernian Society.[31][101]

text: The 2012 Parade included over 360 participants making it the largest parade in the history of the City of Savannah.[102] Organizers say that the 2012 crowd was well over a million people.[102]

text: Scranton, Pennsylvania[edit]

text: Due to the rich history of Scranton participation in Saint Patrick's Day festivities it is one of the oldest parades in the United States. It has been going on annually since 1862 by the Saint Patrick's Day Parade Association of Lackawanna County and the parade has got attention nationally as being one of the better Saint Patrick's Day parades. The parade route begins on Wyoming Avenue and loops up to Penn Avenue and then Lackawanna Avenue before going back down over Jefferson Avenue to get to Washington Avenue. While it is an impressive parade for a town the size of Scranton, it pales in comparison to larger cities in regards to size. Many people from the area believe this to be one of the greatest parades in the U.S. Since 1962 the St. Patrick’s Parade Day Association of Lackawanna County, Pennsylvania, has conducted this nationally acclaimed parade the weekend before the feast of St. Patrick.[citation needed]

text: Seattle, Washington[edit]

text: Seattle Washington's Saint Patrick's Day Parade,[103] recognized by CNN in 2009 as one of the "Five places to get your green on" in America,[104] travels along a 1-mile route through the Emerald City's downtown financial and retail core the Saturday before Saint Patrick's Day. Seattle's Saint Patrick's Day Celebration is the largest and oldest in the Northwestern United States. In 2009, some 20,000 spectators and groups from throughout the Northwest turned out for the city's Irish shenanigans. Along with the annual "Laying 'O the Green" where Irish revellers mark the path of the next morning's procession with a mile-long green stripe, the Seattle parade marks the high-point of Seattle's Irish Week festivities. The week-long civic celebration organized by the city's Irish Heritage Club [3] includes the annual Society of the Friends of Saint Patrick Dinner where a century-old Irish Shillelagh[105] has been passed to the group's new president for 70 years, an Irish Soda Bread Baking Contest, a Mass for Peace that brings together Catholics and others in a Protestant church, and the annual Irish Week Festival, which takes place around Saint Patrick's Day is enormous, including step dancing, food, historical and modern exhibitions, and Irish lessons. Many celebrities of Irish descent visit Seattle during its Saint Patrick's Day Celebration. In 2010 The Right Honorable Desmond Guinness, a direct descendant of Guinness Brewery founder Arthur Guinness, will serve as the parade's grand marshal. In 2009, The Tonight Show's Conan O'Brien made a guest appearance at the annual Mayor's Proclamation Luncheon at local Irish haunt F.X. McCrory's. And in 2008, European Union Ambassador to the US and former Irish Prime Minister John Bruton served as the parade's grand marshal and marched alongside Tom Costello, the mayor of Galway, Seattle's Irish sister city. Spokane, in eastern Washington, also hosts a Saint Patrick's Day Parade.

text: Wikimedia Commons has media related to Saint Patrick's Day in Seattle.

text: Syracuse, New York[edit]

text: In the city of Syracuse, NY, Saint Patrick's celebrations are traditionally begun with the delivery of green beer to Coleman's Irish Pub on the last Sunday of February. Coleman's is located in the Tipperary Hill section of the city. Tipperary Hill is home to the World-famous "Green-on-Top" Traffic Light and is historically the Irish section in Syracuse. Saint Patrick's Day is rung in at midnight with the painting of a Shamrock under the Green-Over-Red traffic light. Syracuse boasts the largest Saint Patrick's Day celebration per-capita in the United States with their annual Syracuse Saint Patrick's Parade,[106] founded by Nancy Duffy, an honoured journalist in the Central New York area and an active community leader, and Daniel F. Casey, a local Irishman and businessman. "The parade remains a major annual event, typically drawing an estimated crowd of more than 100,000 visitors to downtown Syracuse, as well as 5,000 to 6,000 marchers."[107]

text: Tallahassee, Florida[edit]

text: The Tallahassee Irish Society has been hosting an annual Saint Patrick's Day event in Tallahassee since 1999. In 2010, along with the City of Tallahassee, the first annual Saint Patrick's Day parade and Downtown Get Down is being hosted along Adams Street.[108]

text: Washington, D.C.[edit]

text: A one-day music festival called National ShamrockFest has been held in Washington, D.C. each year since 2000 in association with Saint Patrick's Day. Approximately 40,000 people attend each year. There is also a parade. In 2015, the D.C. Center for the LGBT Community became the first gay group to march in the Washington, D.C. St. Patrick's Day parade.[109][110]

text: Sports[edit]

text: Baseball[edit]

text: Although Major League Baseball is still in its preseason spring training phase when Saint Patrick's Day rolls around, some teams celebrate by wearing holiday-themed uniforms. The Cincinnati Reds were the first team to wear Saint Patrick's Day hats in 1978. The Philadelphia Phillies hold the distinction of being the first baseball team to wear green uniforms on Saint Patricks Day. The tradition was started by Phillies pitcher Tug McGraw, who dyed his uniform green the night before March 17, 1981.[111] Along with the Phillies, many other teams have since started wearing Saint Patrick's day themed jerseys, including the Boston Red Sox in 2004, who were also the second team to wear Saint Patrick's Day hats in 1990;[112][113] the green uniforms have also been worn twice during the regular season, in 2007 and 2008, as a tribute to the NBA's Boston Celtics, whose primary color is green. Since then it has become a tradition of many sports teams to also wear special uniforms to celebrate the holiday. The Los Angeles Dodgers also have a history with the Irish-American community. With the O'Malley family owning the team and more recently Frank McCourt, the Dodgers have had team celebrations or worn green jerseys on Saint Patrick's Day.[114] The Detroit Tigers and Philadelphia Phillies also wear Saint Patrick's Day caps and jerseys.[115] Other teams celebrate by wearing kelly green hats. These teams include: the Chicago Cubs, the Chicago White Sox, the New York Mets, the San Diego Padres, the Atlanta Braves, the Pittsburgh Pirates, the Kansas City Royals, the Seattle Mariners and the St. Louis Cardinals.[116] The Washington Nationals have fan green hat day on 17 September to represent 6 months to Saint Patrick's Day. The White Sox belatedly celebrate Saint Patrick's Day every second week of September by wearing a variation of their pinstriped home uniforms, featuring green instead of black, as part of their "Halfway to St. Patrick's" promotion.

text: Nearly all Major League Baseball teams now produce Saint Patrick's Day merchandise, including Kelly green hats, jerseys, and T-shirts.[117]

text: Basketball[edit]

text: Four National Basketball Association teams adopt their third jerseys exclusively for Saint Patrick's Day (or Saint Patrick's Day week). During Saint Patrick's Day week, the Boston Celtics, whose road jersey is green, wear their gold/green jerseys, the Chicago Bulls wear their black/green alternate jersey which was introduced in the 2005–06 season, and the Toronto Raptors wear their black/green alternate jerseys which was introduced during the 2007–08 season. During Saint Patrick's Day games, the New York Knicks wear their green/orange alternate, which they adopted in the 2005–06 season, but in the 2009–10 season, they adopted it for both March 17 and Christmas (the league makes a conscious effort to schedule games between teams with green uniforms and red uniforms on the holiday).

text: The practice is not present in college basketball, due to the holiday being largely overshadowed by Championship Week and the subsequent NCAA Men's Division I Basketball Championship, NIT and lesser tournaments.

text: Ice hockey[edit]

text: The New Jersey Devils of the National Hockey League traditionally wear their throwback uniforms, which include green in the color scheme (green was removed from the Devils' uniforms in 1992), on Saint Patrick's Day and did so for their 2010 and 2012 games against the Pittsburgh Penguins. They also wore them, albeit belatedly, on March 18, 2011 against the Washington Capitals; the Devils played a road game on March 17.[118] Although the Devils, Dallas Stars and Minnesota Wild (the last two of which have green in their regular color schemes) are the only U.S.-based teams to wear green on ice, the league has offered a line of holiday-themed gear to its fans in recent years.[119] The Buffalo Sabres also donned green and white Irish-inspired practice jerseys (complete with insular script for the names and captain designations) prior to their March 16, 2014 and March 17, 2015 games (the team switched to their regular gold third jerseys prior to the games themselves); the jerseys were auctioned off for charity after each game.[120]

text: Lacrosse[edit]

text: The Buffalo Bandits of the National Lacrosse League (like the NHL's Sabres, owned by Terrence Pegula) introduced a special black-and-green third jersey on their Saint Patrick's Day 2012 game, which was likewise auctioned off for charity.[121]

text: Football[edit]

text: The only other major American sport, football, is out of season during the Saint Patrick's Day holiday. The National Football League does sell Saint Patrick's Day merchandise for its teams, however.[122]

text: Rugby[edit]

text: The Saint Patrick's Day Test (also known as the Donnybrook Cup) is an international rugby league football match played between the United States and Ireland. The game is usually held on or around March 17 to coincide with Saint Patrick's Day. The competition was first started in 1995 with Ireland winning the first two tests with the US winning the last 4 in 2000, 2002, 2003 and 2004. The game is usually held on or around 17 March to coincide with Saint Patrick's Day.