document_title: Hawaii Five-0 (2010 TV series, season 7)

question_text: who plays madison grey on hawaii five o

question_tokens: who plays madison grey on hawaii five o

text: Cast and characters[edit]

text: Main cast[edit]

text:
Alex O'Loughlin as Lieutenant Commander Steven "Steve" McGarrett, United States Navy Reserve
Scott Caan as Detective Daniel "Danny" "Danno" Williams, Honolulu Police Department
Daniel Dae Kim as Lieutenant Chin Ho Kelly, Honolulu Police Department
Grace Park as Officer Kono Kalakaua, Honolulu Police Department
Masi Oka as Dr. Max Bergman, Chief Medical Examiner (episodes 1–13)
Chi McBride as Captain Lou Grover, Honolulu Police Department
Jorge Garcia as Jerry Ortega

text: Recurring[edit]

text:
Claire Forlani as Alicia Brown[6]
Julie Benz as Detective Abigail "Abby" Dunn, Honolulu Police Department
Taylor Wily as Kamekona Tuopola
Andrew Lawrence as Eric Russo
Rosalind Chao as Keiko Mahoe, Governor of Hawaii
Dennis Chun as Sgt. Duke Lukela
Londyn Silzer as Sarah Waincroft Diaz
Kimee Balmilero as Dr. Noelani Cunha
Shawn Mokuahi Gurnett as Shawn "Flippa" Tuopola
Teilor Grubbs as Grace Williams
Zach Sulzbach as Charlie Williams
Chosen Jacobs as Will Grover
Duane Chapman as Duane "Dog" Chapman
Al Harrington as Mamo Kahike
Melanie Griffith as Clara Williams, Danny's mother
Ian Anthony Dale as Adam Noshimuri
Willie Garson as Gerard Hirsch
Sarah Carter as Lynn Downey
Lili Simmons as Melissa Armstrong
Elisabeth Röhm as Dr. Madison Gray[7]
Kekoa Kekumano as Nahele Huikala
Shawn Thomsen as Officer Pua

text: Guest stars[edit]

text:
Christine Lahti as Doris McGarrett
Michelle Borth as Catherine Rollins
Jack Lord voices by Cam Clarke
Traci Togucha as Ailana Read, Child Social Services
Faran Tahir as Lucky Morad
Chris Vance as Harry Langford
Jon Abrahams as Ben Halanu
Victor Ortiz as Juan Diego
Missy Peregrym as Bridget Williams, Danny's sister
Maximiliano Hernández as Agent Navarro
Felix Solis as Jorge Moralez
Jimmy Buffett as Frank Bama
Adrian R'Mante as Alan Mayfield
Max Gail as Bill Walker
Samm Levine as Jeremy Holden
Rob Huebel as Blake Stone
Will Yun Lee as Sang Min Sooh
Darius Rucker as Desmond Abati
Mackenzie Aladjem as Moani Amosa
Brandon Keener as Emilio
Robert Gant as Thomas Stratham
William Forsythe as Harry Brown
Michelle Krusiec as Michelle Shioma
Hal Holbrook as Leonard Patterson
Michael Paul Chan as Captain Tanaka, HPD (Ret.)
Dylan Bruno as Lee Campbell, head of Paladin Security

text: Episodes[edit]

text:
No.
overall
No. in
season
Title
Directed by
Written by
Original air date
Prod.
code
U.S. viewers
(millions)

144
1
"Makaukau 'oe e Pa'ani?"
"Ready to Play?"
Bryan Spicer
Peter M. Lenkov & Eric Guggenheim
September 23, 2016 (2016-09-23)
701
10.22[9]

As Steve McGarrett (Alex O'Loughlin) and Danny Williams (Scott Caan) recover from their transplant, a vigilante begins killing serial killers and leaves their bodies on Five-0 property with ivory chess pieces in their mouths: the first is found inside Five-0 Headquarters at Iolani Palace, and the second is found inside Lou Grover's (Chi McBride) car. As Five-0 searches for the killer, Steve must help the new governor, Mahoe (Rosalind Chao) quell the fear that Oahu is no longer safe. Jerry Ortega (Jorge Garcia) discovers the killer is a recent parolee who stole the chess pieces eight years previously. The killer, Pierre Shaw (Jesse La Flair), escapes and leads Five-0 on a parkour chase throughout the city. Steve is injured when attempting to give chase, leading the rest of the team to follow him and box him in a hotel. As Abby (Julie Benz) and HPD set up perimeter, Steve finally thanks Danny for saving his life. Kono Kalakaua (Grace Park) tracks Shaw to the roof, where the team follows. Shaw jumps and Danny yells for Steve not to follow. His warning is proven to be a life-saver: Shaw doesn't make it to the other building and falls to his death. However, Steve returns home to discover another chess piece on his dining table, indicating the real mastermind is still at large and is taunting Steve. Meanwhile, Chin Ho Kelly (Daniel Dae Kim) learns that Sara's aunt and uncle in Mexico are filing for adoption, and Chin starts contemplating fatherhood.
This episode features a striking scene in the prologue - McGarrett visits the chapel within Tripler Army Medical Center and encounters an almost-ghostly appearing stranger with whom McGarrett strikes up conversation. The stranger obliquely references having worked for the Hawaii police many years earlier and when Steve begins doubting himself gives advice to McGarrett not to give up. The stranger deliberately resembles the original Steve McGarrett, Jack Lord, and is credited as Jack Lord in the episode's closing credits.[8]

145
2
"No Ke Ali'i' Wahine A Me Ka Aina"
"For Queen and Country"
Sylvain White
David Wolkove & Matt Wheeler
September 30, 2016 (2016-09-30)
702
9.73[10]

Following the events of "Makaukau 'oe e Pa'ani?", Steve and Danny visit retired FBI profiler Alicia Brown (Claire Forlani) to try and track down the mysterious vigilante. Alicia refuses to get involved, but is gradually roped in when Steve purposefully leaves the chess piece the killer left in his house. Meanwhile, a man steals diamonds from renowned billionaire Lucky Morad (Faran Tahir). The girl he used to smuggle the diamonds out of Morad's party is found dead the next morning. The team identifies the killer as Harry Langford (Chris Vance), a rogue MI6 agent. Steve and Danny chase Langford and Steve manages to overpower him. Langford claims his going rogue was a cover, he didn't kill the girl, and he is tracking a contract bomber, El Hamadi, who bombed an embassy in Madrid in 2012 and is planning to use a cyber key known as the Greystone to plan a larger attack. Steve and Danny join Langford on the case as they track down Morad at a high-class party, where Kono lures him out to the patio. In a callback to the episode "Ohana", Steve hangs Morad by his ankles off the building until he talks. Morad reveals he traded the Greystone to an associate of El Hamadi who fled to the Czech Republic. Steve and Danny go with Langford to Prague, and capture the contact, who under waterboarding torture, reveals what he knows. Chin, Kono, and Grover call and report that nuclear power plants all across Europe have lost control and are going to implode. El Hamadi will cause a disaster ten times worse than Chernobyl. At a nearby factory, Steve, Danny, and Langford kill the man coordinating the attack, but Langford sneaks away with the Greystone and travels to Pakistan to meet with El Hamadi, but Steve and Danny intercept him. Langford reveals that his wife was killed in the Madrid bombing in 2012 and is seeking revenge. Steve, Danny, and Langford coordinate a raid on the compound where El Hamadi is hiding, where they capture him. Langford struggles not to kill El Hamadi, who draws a concealed weapon, forcing Steve to shoot him. Steve, Danny, and Langford visit Langford's wife's grave in England and are then thanked by Queen Elizabeth II.

146
3
"He Moho Hou"
"New Player"
Bryan Spicer
Peter M. Lenkov & Cyrus Nowrasteh
October 7, 2016 (2016-10-07)
703
9.65[11]

Alicia awakens in her bed to find another body with a chess piece in his mouth beside her. Forced to accept she's now a part of the case, she officially joins Steve and Danny with the investigation. Meanwhile, the team hunts for a cartel boss whose soldiers are gunning for him. Kono reconnects with Rosie, an old surfing rival whose legs were amputated after she drove over an IED in Iraq. Alicia discovers that the detective who was investigating the three serial killers was actually murdered. At the end, Steve and Alicia visit the police psychologist, Dr. Madison Gray (Elisabeth Röhm), who Detective Lau was seeing before he was killed, and discover she has a book entitled History of Medieval Chess, implying that she's the serial killer. The episode ends with Kono and Rosie going surfing together.

147
4
"Hu a'e ke ahi lanakila a Kamaile"
"The Fire of Kamile Rises in Triumph"
Bronwen Hughes
Peter M. Lenkov & Cyrus Nowrasteh
October 14, 2016 (2016-10-14)
704
9.19[12]

Following their meeting with Dr. Gray, Alicia is convinced that she is the killer, but Steve is more wary. Against his orders, Alicia breaks into Dr. Gray's house and finds a chessboard with pieces missing identical to the pieces found with the serial killers. Steve arrives and is stabbed by Dr. Gray, who has already captured Alicia. While Steve drifts in and out of consciousness, Alicia and Dr. Gray play mind games with one another, revealing that Alicia's daughter was pushed into a career in the FBI by her and was subsequently killed by a serial killer, and that Dr. Gray's father sexually abused her as a child while forcing her to play chess. Eventually, Dr. Gray leaves and two infamous serial killers, Donald and Mallory Witten (Danny Michael Mann & Lauren Letherer), take Steve and Alicia to a rocky outcrop, and throw them into a hole that the tide fills up. Alicia's fear of drowning proves to be a challenge to overcome, but Steve manages to get them out safely. Meanwhile, the rest of Five-0 begin searching for them, and Lou deduces that Dr. Gray is behind everything. Chin and Kono race to the outcrop and kill the martial killers. Elsewhere, Jerry reports to Chin that a possible red flag may have come up with Sara's aunt and uncle, so Chin turns to Robert Coughlin (Ingo Rademacher) to run background. Lou, Steve, and Jerry discover Steve's torched Silverado, done by Dr. Gray who then disappeared. She is later seen in disguise in Beverly Hills, California. Also, Lou meets his football hero, Otis Wilson of the 1985 Chicago Bears.

148
5
"Ke Ku 'Ana"
"The Stand"
Bobby Roth
Jason Gavin & Derek Santos Olson
October 21, 2016 (2016-10-21)
705
9.51[13]

The Five-0 task force investigate a bulletproof bulldozer that crashed into a gun range and stole all the inventory. Later on, the suspect (Brent Sexton) instigates a hostage situation and demands to be put on the news to protest gun violence and it is up to McGarrett and Danny to talk him down. It is revealed that the suspect's son was the perpetrator in a Virginia shooting that killed eight people. Elsewhere, Adam is released from prison after spending a year and asks Kono's help to track down a fellow inmate's daughter to make up with him.

149
6
"Ka hale ho'okauwel"
"House of Horrors"
Ron Underwood
David Wolkove & Matt Wheeler
October 28, 2016 (2016-10-28)
706
8.50[14]

A psychic is apparently scared to death on Halloween, so Five-0 investigates. Danny and Eric discover that the psychic's claims ruined a lot of lives. Max finds a second victim, revealed to be an accomplice to the killer, the psychic's assistant who killed the psychic and the accomplice. The assistant was a young woman who ran away from home and inadvertently caused her father's death. She blamed her father's death on the psychic, so she plotted to kill her. Max (Masi Oka) returns from Africa and reveals he married his girlfriend Sabrina. Meanwhile, Jerry babysits a grounded Grace and Charlie, which proves to be a challenge when Grace's sour attitude spoils Jerry and Charlie's anticipated trick-or-treating. Eventually, Jerry gets through to Grace, who dresses up and enjoys her evening with her brother. Elsewhere, Adam and Kono are kidnapped by a death cult, and are forced to escape with another victim through the woods to an abandoned house where they hold off the cult until HPD and Five-0 arrive.

150
7
"Ka makuahine a me ke keikikane"
"Mother and Son"
Bryan Spicer
Eric Guggenheim & David Wolkove
November 4, 2016 (2016-11-04)
707
9.48[15]

McGarrett's date with Lynn (Sarah Carter) is interrupted when he receives a surprise visit from Catherine Rollins (Michelle Borth), who informs him that his mother Doris (Christine Lahti) has been captured by the CIA in Morocco after her mission to free Wo Fat's father (George Cheung) went sideways. McGarrett reluctantly goes to her aid, upset on the way she has disappeared the past few years and Chin, Kono, and Lou all go along to help him out. Meanwhile, Chin loses his appeal to keep Sara and is forced to let her move to Mexico to live with her aunt and uncle. Elsewhere, as a favor to Danny, Lou recruits his son Will to figure out who Grace is seeing.

151
8
"Hana Komo Pae"
"Rite of Passage"
Brad Tanenbaum
Rob Hanning
November 11, 2016 (2016-11-11)
708
9.84[16]

In an episode reminiscent of Die Hard, Danny chaperones Grace's (Teilor Grubbs) Winter Formal, which turns deadly when an al-Qaeda splinter group storms the event looking to capture one of Will's classmates named Jeremy Ramos (Max Tepper), the son of a High Ranking Diplomat (Clint Jung), in hopes of leveraging a trade for their captured leader. Danny reluctantly must work with Will (Chosen Jacobs), whom he has just learned is Grace's boyfriend, to save everyone. Meanwhile, Steve hosts a poker game.

152
9
"Elua la ma Nowemapa"
"Two Days in November"
Maja Vrvilo
Sean Farina
November 18, 2016 (2016-11-18)
709
10.09[17]

A conspiracy theorist and a friend of Jerry's is murdered after having discovered new information about the assassination of John F. Kennedy and the mystery behind it, that tells that JFK's cabinet had planned the assassination. Five-0 soon discover that there were more people behind the assassination than first thought. This later leads to Jerry telling the story of the Honolulu conference that took place on November 20, 1963. Meanwhile, Lou begins to have doubts about his son Will dating Danny's daughter Grace.

153
10
"Ka Luhi"
"The Burden"
Carlos Bernard
Helen Shang & Zoe Robyn
December 9, 2016 (2016-12-09)
710
9.40[18]

Five-0 investigates a 10 year old cold case of a missing teenager; when a boy (Joey Luthman) who is suffering from PTSD undergoes hypnosis and afterwards realizes he might have been a witness to the missing teen's murder. Also on the episode, Danny's sister Bridget (Missy Peregrym) comes to visit Oahu for a business conference. Not long after, Danny begins to suspect that she is getting a little "too close" to one of her co-workers.

154
11
"Ka'ili Aku"
"Snatchback"
Jennifer Lynch
Matt Wheeler
December 16, 2016 (2016-12-16)
711
9.46[19]

It's Christmas time and Five-0 celebrates Chin's birthday until he receives a call that his niece Sara has been kidnapped in Mexico by the Diego drug cartel and enlist the task force for their help to get her back. While, trying to rescue Sara, they found out that this was a revenge kidnap plan towards Five-0. Later on, Chin takes the matter into his hands and surrenders himself to the cartel in order to get Sara back leaving his life hanging in the balance.

155
12
"Ka 'Aelike"
"The Deal"
Joe Dante
David Wolkove & Matt Wheeler
January 6, 2017 (2017-01-06)
712
10.10[20]

After Chin is kidnapped by the Diego drug cartel, Five-0 race against the clock to rescue him from being executed. Five-0 reaches them in time and saves Chin's life. Later on, Sara's aunt and uncle suggest that Sara live with Chin due to the dangerous circumstances in Mexico, which he accepts. The episode transitions to a case involving murder which prompts Lou to go undercover as a car salesman. Meanwhile, McGarrett suspects that Max might leave Hawaii when he mentions possible coroner replacements and selling his house which leads to Max confiding to McGarrett that he is moving to Africa with Sabrina.

156
13
"Ua ho'i ka 'opua i Awalua"
"The Clouds Always Return to Awalua"
Jim Jost
Cyrus Nowrasteh
January 13, 2017 (2017-01-13)
713
9.69[21]

Max begins to pack up his belongings with Jerry and begins to reminisce various times with Five-0 and his life in Hawaii. Five-0 also has a farewell party for Max. As the following, the team investigates the murder of a police officer found at a building explosion site.
Note: This is the last episode to feature Masi Oka as a main cast member

157
14
"Ka laina ma ke one"
"Line in the Sand"
Peter Weller
Sean O'Reilly
January 20, 2017 (2017-01-20)
714
8.42[22]

Five-0 is dealt with an overbearing U.S. Marshall (guest star Lou Diamond Phillips) when they try to capture a person suspected in a murder investigation who crossed over the border to seek asylum. Meanwhile, McGarrett takes a road test after his drivers license expired over 7 years ago.

158
15
"Ka Pa'ani Nui"
"Big Game"
Bryan Spicer
Helen Shang
February 3, 2017 (2017-02-03)
715
9.81[23]

Five-0 investigates the murder of a diver who was suspected of doing illegal shark finning. They soon discover that the murder suspect is a former Nazi criminal when they discover that the victim has a tattoo symbolizing a holocaust concentration camp. Meanwhile, Kamekona enlists Five-0 to get rid of his workers (who are protesting for better pay and benefits).

159
16
"Poniu I Ke Aloha"
"Crazy In Love"
Jerry Levine
David Wolkove & Matt Wheeler
February 10, 2017 (2017-02-10)
716
9.86[24]

It's Valentine's Day and McGarrett treats his girlfriend Lynn to a romantic getaway. To his surprise, Danny also is on the same getaway with his girlfriend Melissa at the same hotel and decide to have a joint vacation. Things take a crazy turn when Danny loses his sunglasses and suspects a kid he antagonized on the beach. Meanwhile, Kono, Chin and Lou investigate a man murdered at a local nightclub after he took a class on how to pick up women.

160
17
"Hahai i na pilikua nui"
"Hunting Monsters"
Roderick Davis
Rob Hanning
February 17, 2017 (2017-02-17)
717
9.62[25]

Alicia Brown gets baited when Dr. Madison Gray surrenders into HPD under the alias Lauren Parker with blood on her hands seemingly belonging to Brown. While the team does not believe that "Parker" has Dissociative Identity Disorder, Gray manages to get Alicia to break her out of jail, intent on killing both her and Sienna, her supposedly dead daughter to finish off the job. Meanwhile, Kamakona and Flippa open up a second food truck, that Kamakona does not approve of, and in the end, Gray confronts Alicia at the latter's home.

161
18
"E Malama Pono"
"Handle with Care"
Eagle Egilsson
Zoe Robyn
February 24, 2017 (2017-02-24)
718
9.12[26]

Sang Min tells McGarrett useful intelligence in finding the missing Uranium. After being kidnapped while investigating, henchmen set off the bomb and it's up to McGarrett and Danny to deactivate it. Meanwhile, Danny reveals to McGarrett that he is considering retiring from the police force and opening a restaurant.

162
19
"Puka 'ana"
"Exodus"
Bronwen Hughes
Eric Guggenheim
March 10, 2017 (2017-03-10)
719
9.20[27]

McGarrett and Kono investigate the disappearance of a young girl who is suspected of being a victim of a sex trafficking ring which infuriates Kono who goes on a personal mission to track down the people responsible. Meanwhile, Chin and Lou investigate the murder of a member of a sober relief facility. Meanwhile, Danny visits his sister in New Jersey.

163
20
"Huikau Na Makau A Ka Lawai'a"
"The Fishhooks of the Fishers become Entangled"
Jerry Levine
Matt Wheeler
March 31, 2017 (2017-03-31)
720
8.74[28]

Five-0 reunites with Private Intestigator Harry Brown (guest star William Forsythe) and help him investigate the kidnapping of the wife of a wealthy businessman who is holding a secret deeper than what he is explaining. Meanwhile, Danny's ex-wife Rachel (guest star Claire van der Boom) drops a bombshell saying that she is getting a divorce from Stan and wants Danny's help on how to tell the kids.

164
21
"Ua Malo'o Ka Wai"
"The Water is Dried Up"
Eagle Egilsson
Peter M. Lenkov & Eric Guggenheim
April 7, 2017 (2017-04-07)
721
8.77[29]

While investigating the deaths of ship boat Captains, McGarrett and Five-0 are captured by Michelle Shioma and her criminal empire and are faced with death. With fearing something terrible happening, Jerry recruits the HPD to rescue them. As a thanks, Steve finally awards Jerry a badge. Meanwhile, Grover and his son travel to Chicago so Grover could testify against a string of dirty cops, and Grover learns the social consequences of turning on Clay Maxwell.

165
22
"Waimaka 'Ele'ele"
"Black Tears"
Bryan Spicer
David Wolkove
April 14, 2017 (2017-04-14)
722
8.49[30]

Five-0 investigates the death of one of the last survivors of the World War II USS Arizona (BB-39) tragedy, a veteran who was killed in a hit-and-run automobile accident. McGarrett soon discovers that the victim had connections to his grandfather, Ensign Steven McGarrett, who had served with the victim on the Arizona, and makes his best effort to catch the people responsible. While investigating the accident, Five-0 learns that the hit and run drivers were fleeing a bank robbery. The robbers were former employees of Paladin Security, a private security company that was contracted by the DOD to work in Afghanistan. The firm's contract was canceled after the deaths of several key civilians. Despite their military precision, the group's multiple bank heists mysteriously only netted about $30,000. Meanwhile, Adam starts a new job in construction and asks for Jerry's help when he finds a bone fragment and thinks it might be a burial site.

166
23
"Wehe 'ana"
"Prelude"
Maja Vrvilo
Helen Shang & Zoe Robyn
April 28, 2017 (2017-04-28)
723
8.06[31]

Danny must protect a comatose witness from his last HPD case from seven years ago alongside his old HPD precinct boss, Captain Tanaka (Ret.), while Steve and Five-0 race to save their lives after discovering that the hit was ordered by the Ochoa cartel from season 1. Flashbacks reveal the details of the case, including the fact that after losing the witness, Danny was put onto the John McGarrett murder case, leading to his meeting with Steve.

167
24
"He ke'u na ka 'alae a Hin"
"A Croaking By Hina's Mudhen"
Krishna Rao
Rob Hanning
May 5, 2017 (2017-05-05)
725
8.01[32]

The Five-0 team are reluctant to believe McGarrett when he receives word about a major terrorist attack on Hawaii from an ex-terrorist who McGarrett captured 10 years ago. Meanwhile, Chin receives an offer to run his own task force that would move him to San Francisco. Also, Kono and Adam help Gerard Hirsch (guest star Willie Garson) to expand his crime scene cleaning business.

168
25
"Ua Mau Ke Ea O Ka Aina I Ka Pono"
"The Life of the Land is Perpetuated in Righteousness"
Bryan Spicer
Peter M. Lenkov & Eric Guggenheim
May 12, 2017 (2017-05-12)
724
8.22[33]

Five-0 band together to investigate an ongoing sex trafficking ring which continues to infuriate Kono. McGarrett risks his life to save the girls, causing Danny to further worry about Steve's health. Chin struggles with the decision to leave Hawaii, and Kono makes a life-chancing decision.
Note: This is the last episode to feature Daniel Dae Kim and Grace Park as main cast members

text: Production[edit]

text: On March 25, 2016, the series was renewed for a seventh season.[34] On July 6, 2016, production began on the seventh season with a Traditional Hawaiian Blessing.[3]

text: Masi Oka's departure[edit]

text: On November 17, 2016, it was announced that Oka would be leaving the series after the thirteenth episode.[35]

text: Reception[edit]

text: Ratings[edit]

text:
№
Episode
Air date
18-49
rating
Viewers
(millions)
Weekly
rank
Live+7
18-49
Live+7 viewers
(millions)

1
"Makaukau 'ce e Pa'ani?"
000000002016-09-23-0000September 23, 2016
1.4[9]
10.22[9]
#17[36]
N/A
13.45[37]

2
"No Ke Ali'i' Wahine A Me Ka Aina"
000000002016-09-30-0000September 30, 2016
1.3[10]
9.73[10]
#16[38]
N/A
12.76[39]

3
"He Moho Hou"
000000002016-10-07-0000October 7, 2016
1.3[11]
9.65[11]
#11[40]
N/A
12.64[41]

4
"Hu a'e ke ahi lanakila a Kamaile"
000000002016-10-14-0000October 14, 2016
1.2[12]
9.19[12]
#16[42]
N/A
12.00[43]

5
"Ke Ku 'Ana"
000000002016-10-21-0000October 21, 2016
1.2[13]
9.51[13]
#14[44]
N/A
12.15[45]

6
"Ka Hale Ho'oakuweli"
000000002016-10-28-0000October 28, 2016
1.0[14]
8.50[14]
#22[46]
N/A
11.31[47]

7
"Ka makuahine a me ke keikikane"
000000002016-11-04-0000November 4, 2016
1.2[15]
9.48[15]
#13[48]
1.8[49]
12.21[49]

8
"Hana Komo Pae"
000000002016-11-11-0000November 11, 2016
1.4[16]
9.84[16]
#11[50]
N/A
12.41[51]

9
"Elua la ma Nowemapa"
000000002016-11-18-0000November 18, 2016
1.3[17]
10.09[17]
#11[52]
2.0[53]
13.10[53]

10
"Ka Luhi"
000000002016-12-09-0000December 9, 2016
1.2[18]
9.40[18]
#13[54]
1.8[55]
12.53[55]

11
"Ka'ili Aku"
000000002016-12-16-0000December 16, 2016
1.1[19]
9.46[19]
#12[56]
1.8[57]
12.36[57]

12
"Ka 'Aelike"
000000002017-01-06-0000January 6, 2017
1.3[20]
10.10[20]
#8[58]
2.0[59]
13.21[59]

13
"Ua ho'i ka 'opua i Awalua"
000000002017-01-13-0000January 13, 2017
1.2[21]
9.69[21]
#7[60]
1.9[61]
12.76[61]

14
"Ka laina ma ke one"
000000002017-01-20-0000January 20, 2017
1.0[22]
8.42[22]
#12[62]
1.7[63]
11.35[63]

15
"Ka Pa'ani Nui"
000000002017-02-03-0000February 3, 2017
1.1[23]
9.81[23]
#6[64]
1.9[65]
12.95[65]

16
"Poniu I Ke Aloha"
000000002017-02-10-0000February 10, 2017
1.3[24]
9.86[24]
#6[66]
N/A
12.83[67]

17
"Hahai i na pilikua nui"
000000002017-02-17-0000February 17, 2017
1.2[25]
9.62[25]
#7[68]
N/A
12.39[69]

18
"E Malama Pono"
000000002017-02-24-0000February 24, 2017
1.1[26]
9.12[26]
#10[70]
1.8[71]
12.01[71]

19
"Puka 'ana"
000000002017-03-10-0000March 10, 2017
1.1[27]
9.20[27]
#11[72]
1.7[73]
12.23[73]

20
"Huikau Na Makau A Ka Lawai'a"
000000002017-03-31-0000March 31, 2017
1.0[28]
8.74[28]
#13[74]
1.7[75]
11.57[75]

21
"Ua Malo'o Ka Wai"
000000002017-04-07-0000April 7, 2017
1.0[29]
8.77[29]
#12[76]
1.6[77]
11.62[77]

22
"Waimaka 'Ele'ele"
000000002017-04-14-0000April 14, 2017
1.0[30]
8.49[30]
#7[78]
1.6[79]
11.31[79]

23
"Wehe 'ana"
000000002017-04-28-0000April 28, 2017
0.9[31]
8.06[31]
#10[80]
N/A
N/A

24
"He ke'u na ka 'alae a Hina"
000000002017-05-05-0000May 5, 2017
0.9[32]
8.01[32]
#14[81]
1.6[82]
11.04[82]

25
"Ua Mau Ke Ea O Ka Aina I Ka Pono"
000000002017-05-12-0000May 12, 2017
1.0[33]
8.22[33]
#12[83]
1.7[84]
11.00[84]


document_title: The Thanksgiving Song

question_text: what year did adam sandler sing the thanksgiving song

root

text: The Thanksgiving Song

text: History[edit]

text: It was first performed during the Weekend Update segment of the season 18 episode of Saturday Night Live on November 21, 1992 as a duet between Sandler and Weekend Update anchor Kevin Nealon; it was originally intended to be a recurring Thanksgiving tradition with other cast members debuting their own original songs, but the next year, it was again Sandler, doing another version of the same song in the style of Bruce Springsteen. A live performance of the original song was recorded at The Strand in Redondo Beach, California on July 25, 1993.[3] The version at The Strand was featured on Sandler's debut album They're All Gonna Laugh at You! and was released as a single.

tag: p

text: Song details[edit]

text: The song, which Sandler sings in a childlike, semi-falsetto voice, primarily revolves around the repetition of the word "turkey" in various two-line rhymes, many of which are non sequiturs; for instance, "Turkey with gravy and cranberries/Can't believe the Mets traded Darryl Strawberry!"

text: Celebrity and pop culture references include:

text:
Betty Grable
50,000,000 Elvis Fans Can't Be Wrong
Turkey-related drowsiness
Jimmie Walker's portrayal of J. J. Evans and his catch phrase "Dyn-o-mite!"
Darryl Strawberry's departure from the New York Mets (Sandler erroneously refers to Strawberry being traded; in fact, Strawberry left as a free agent and signed with the Los Angeles Dodgers).
Mike Tyson raping Desiree Washington
Lake Winnipesaukee (SNL version only)
Cheryl Tiegs posters (1993 recordings onward; a reference to Sandler's Canteen Boy character, who had a crush on Tiegs)
Sammy Davis, Jr. having only one eye
Corduroy pants
Mopeds

tag: ul

text: Legacy[edit]

text: The song is a predecessor to Sandler's more popular holiday song, "The Chanukah Song" (also co-written by Maxtone-Graham and Sandler). When "The Chanukah Song" became a hit on the rock charts (and a minor hit on the Hot 100) in 1996, "The Thanksgiving Song" was released as a follow-up the next year; it too became a hit, charting at #40 on the Adult Top 40 chart and #29 on the Mainstream Rock Tracks chart in 1997.[4] The song continues to receive extensive radio airplay around Thanksgiving, on various formats, both with other holiday-themed songs and without.[5] Various radio cuts remove or edit one verse which states "my brother likes to masturbate with baby oil" but it is otherwise identical to the live performance at The Strand. The edits also leave in a portion of the performance where Sandler has to stop in the middle of a song due to becoming distracted with the audience's rhythmic clapping.


document_title: Motion Picture Association of America film rating system

question_text: what 1984 film had the first pg-13 rating

text: Ratings[edit]

text: MPAA film ratings[edit]

text: Since the late 1990s, the MPAA film ratings have been as follows:[3]

text:
Rating symbol
Meaning

G – General Audiences
All ages admitted. Nothing that would offend parents for viewing by children.

PG – Parental Guidance Suggested
Some material may not be suitable for children. Parents urged to give "parental guidance". May contain some material parents might not like for their young children.

PG-13 – Parents Strongly Cautioned
Some material may be inappropriate for children under 13. Parents are urged to be cautious. Some material may be inappropriate for pre-teenagers.

R – Restricted
Under 17 requires accompanying parent or adult guardian. Contains some adult material. Parents are urged to learn more about the film before taking their young children with them.

NC-17 – Adults Only
No One 17 and Under Admitted. Clearly adult. Children are not admitted.

tag: table

text: Other labels[edit]

text: If a film has not been submitted for a rating or is an uncut version of a film that was submitted, the labels Not Rated (NR) or Unrated (UR) are often used. Uncut/extended versions of films that are labeled "Unrated" also contain warnings saying that the uncut version of the film contains content that differs from the theatrical release and might not be suitable for minors.

text: If a film has not yet been assigned a final rating, the label This Film Is Not Yet Rated is used in trailers and television commercials.

text: Advertising materials[edit]

text: It has been suggested that Trailer (promotion)#MPAA rating cards for theatrical trailers be merged into this section. (Discuss) Proposed since September 2016.

text: The MPAA also rates film trailers, print advertising, posters, and other media used to promote a film. Green, yellow, or red title cards displayed before the start of a trailer indicate the trailer's rating.

text:
Green: When the trailer accompanies another rated feature, the wording on the green title card states "The following preview has been approved to accompany this feature." For trailers hosted on the internet, the wording has been slightly altered to "The following preview has been approved for appropriate audiences."[4]
Yellow: A yellow title card exists solely for trailers hosted on the internet, with the wording stipulating "The following preview has been approved only for age-appropriate internet users." The MPAA defines "age-appropriate internet users" as visitors to sites either frequented mainly by adults or accessible only between 9:00 p.m. and 4:00 a.m. The yellow card is reserved for trailers previewing films rated PG-13 or stronger.[5]
Red: A red title card indicates that the trailer is restricted and when it accompanies another feature, the wording states "The following restricted preview has been approved to accompany this feature only." For trailers hosted on the internet, the wording is tweaked to "The following restricted preview has been approved for appropriate audiences."[4] The red title card is reserved for trailers previewing R and NC-17 rated films. Trailers hosted on the internet carrying a red title card require viewers to pass an age verification test which entails users aged 17 and older to match their names, birthdays and ZIP codes to public records on file.[5]

text: Tennessee law[edit]

text: In 1989, Tennessee enacted a law whereby patrons of an R-rated motion picture were not admitted unless they were at least 18 years old or accompanied by a parent, or an adult guardian.[6]

text: History[edit]

text: Replacement of Hays Code[edit]

text: Jack Valenti, who had become president of the Motion Picture Association of America in May 1966, deemed the Motion Picture Production Code – in place since 1930 and rigorously enforced since 1934 – as out of date and bearing "the odious smell of censorship". Filmmakers were pushing at the boundaries of the Code, and Valenti cited examples such as Who's Afraid of Virginia Woolf?, which contained the expressions "screw" and "hump the hostess"; and Blowup, which was denied Code approval due to nudity, resulting in the MPAA member studio releasing it through a subsidiary. He revised the Code to include the "SMA" (Suggested for Mature Audiences) advisory as a stopgap measure. To accommodate "the irresistible force of creators determined to make 'their films'", and to avoid "the possible intrusion of government into the movie arena", he developed a set of advisory ratings which could be applied after a film was completed. On November 1, 1968, the voluntary MPAA film rating system took effect, with three organizations serving as its monitoring and guiding groups: the MPAA, the National Association of Theater Owners (NATO), and the International Film Importers & Distributors of America (IFIDA).[7]

text: The ratings used from 1968 to 1970 were:[8]

text:
Rated G: Suggested for General Audiences
Rated M: Suggested for Mature Audiences – parental discretion advised
Rated R: Restricted – persons under 16 not admitted, unless accompanied by parent or adult guardian.
Rated X: Persons Under 16 Not Admitted

text: This content classification system originally was to have three ratings, with the intention of allowing parents to take their children to any film they chose. However, the National Association of Theater Owners urged the creation of an adults-only category, fearful of possible legal problems in local jurisdictions. The "X" rating was not an MPAA trademark and would not receive the MPAA seal; any producer not submitting a film for MPAA rating could self-apply the "X" rating (or any other symbol or description that was not an MPAA trademark).[7]

text: From M to GP to PG[edit]

text: In 1970 the ages for "R" and "X" were raised from 16 to 17.[9] Also, due to confusion over whether "M"-rated films were suitable for children,[9] "M" was renamed to "GP" (for General audiences, Parental guidance suggested),[10][11] and in 1971 the MPAA added the content advisory "Some material not generally suitable for pre-teenagers".[12] In 1972, "GP" was revised to "PG".[9]

text: The ratings used from 1970 to 1972 were:

text:
Rated G: All Ages Admitted – General Audiences
Rated GP: All Ages Admitted – Parental Guidance Suggested [Sometimes a disclaimer would say "This film contains material which may not be suitable for pre-teenagers"]
Rated R: Restricted – Under 17 requires accompanying parent or adult guardian
Rated X: No one under 17 admitted

text: The ratings used from 1972 to 1984 were:[13]

text:
Rated G: General Audiences – All ages admitted
Rated PG: Parental Guidance Suggested – Some material may not be suitable for pre-teenagers
Rated R: Restricted – Under 17 requires accompanying parent or adult guardian.
Rated X: No one under 17 admitted

text: Addition of PG-13 rating[edit]

text: In the early 1980s complaints about violence and gore in films such as Indiana Jones and the Temple of Doom and Gremlins, both of which received PG ratings, refocused attention on films seen by small children and pre-teens.[14] According to author Filipa Antunes, this revealed the conundrum of a film which "could not be recommended for all children but also could not be repudiated for all children uniformly," leading to speculation that the rating system’s scope, in particular its PG classification, "no longer matched a notion of childhood most parents in America could agree on."[15] Steven Spielberg, director of Temple of Doom and executive producer of Gremlins, suggested a new intermediate rating between "PG" and "R".[16] The "PG-13" rating was introduced in July 1984, with the advisory "Parents Are Strongly Cautioned to Give Special Guidance for Attendance of Children Under 13 – Some Material May Be Inappropriate for Young Children". The first film to be released with this rating was the 1984 John Milius war film Red Dawn.[17] In 1985, the wording was simplified to "Parents Strongly Cautioned – Some Material May Be Inappropriate for Children Under 13".[18] Around the same time, the MPAA won a trademark infringement lawsuit against the producers and distributors of I Spit on Your Grave over a fraudulent application of its R rating to the uncut version of the film,[19] and forced its member studios and several other home video distributors to put MPAA ratings on the packaging of MPAA-rated films via a settlement that would come into effect by fall that year.[20]

text: The ratings used from 1984 to 1990 were:

text:
Rated G: General Audiences – all ages admitted
Rated PG: Parental Guidance Suggested – some material may not be suitable for children
Rated PG-13: Parents Strongly Cautioned – some material may be inappropriate for children under 13
Rated R: Restricted – under 17 requires accompanying parent or adult guardian
Rated X: No one under 17 admitted

text: X replaced by NC-17[edit]

text: In the rating system's early years, "X"-rated films such as Midnight Cowboy (1969) and A Clockwork Orange (1971) were understood to be unsuitable for children, but non-pornographic and intended for the general public. However, pornographic films often self-applied the non-trademarked "X" rating, and it soon became synonymous with pornography in American culture.[21] In late 1989 and early 1990, two critically acclaimed art films featuring strong adult content, Henry: Portrait of a Serial Killer and The Cook, the Thief, His Wife & Her Lover, were released. Neither film was approved for an MPAA rating, thus limiting their commercial distribution, and prompting criticism of the rating system's lack of a designation for such films.[22][23]

text: In September 1990, the MPAA introduced the rating "NC-17" ("No Children Under 17 Admitted").[24] Henry & June – previously to be assigned an "X" rating – was the first film to receive the "NC-17" rating instead.[24][25] Although films with an "NC-17" rating had more mainstream distribution opportunities than "X"-rated films, many theaters refused to screen them, most entertainment media did not accept advertising for them, and many large video outlets refused to stock them.[26] In 1996,[27] the minimum age for "NC-17" films was raised to 18, by rewording it to "No One 17 and Under Admitted".[28]

text: The ratings used since 1990 are:[3]

text:
Rated G: General Audiences – all ages admitted
Rated PG: Parental Guidance Suggested – some material may not be suitable for children
Rated PG-13: Parents Strongly Cautioned – some material may be inappropriate for children under 13
Rated R: Restricted – under 17 requires accompanying parent or adult guardian
Rated NC-17: No children under 17 admitted [1990–1996] / No one 17 and under admitted [1996–present]

text: Rating explanations[edit]

text: Since September 1990, the MPAA has included brief explanations of why each film received an "R" rating, allowing parents to know what type of content the film contained. For example, some films' explanations may read "Strong Brutal Violence, Pervasive Language, Some Strong Sexual Content, and Drug Material". Around the late 1990s, the MPAA began applying rating explanations for "PG", "PG-13", and "NC-17" films as well.[29]

text: Rating components[edit]

text: Violence[edit]

text: Depictions of violence are generally restricted to PG and above. The violence in a PG rated film will not be intense, while violence that is both intense and persistent will generally require at least an R rating. Violence is not prohibited in G rated films, but if present will be minimal.[2]

text: Language[edit]

text: Snippets of language that go "beyond polite conversation" are permitted in G rated films, but no stronger words are present. Profanity may be present in PG rated films, and use of one of the harsher "sexually-derived words" as an expletive will initially incur at least a PG-13 rating. Multiple occurrences will usually incur an R rating as will the usage of such an expletive in a sexual context. Nevertheless, the ratings board may still award a PG-13 rating passed by a two-thirds majority if they believe the language is justified by the context or by the manner in which the words are used.[2]

text: There are several exceptional cases in which PG-13 rated films contain multiple occurrences of the word fuck: Adventures in Babysitting, where the word is used twice in the same scene;[30] The Hip Hop Project, which has seventeen uses;[31] Gunner Palace, a documentary of soldiers in the Second Gulf War, which has 42 uses of the word with two used sexually;[32] Bully, a 2011 documentary about bullying;[33] Philomena, released in November 2013, which has two uses of the word;[34] and The Martian, which also has two uses of the word.[35]

text: Substance abuse[edit]

text: Drug use content is restricted to PG-13 and above.[2] An example of an otherwise PG film being assigned a PG-13 rating for a drug reference (momentary, along with brief language) is Whale Rider. The film contained only mild profanity, but was rated PG-13 because of a scene where drug paraphernalia were briefly visible. Critic Roger Ebert criticized the MPAA for the rating and called it "a wild overreaction".[36]

text: In May 2007, the MPAA announced that depictions of cigarette smoking would be considered in a film's rating.[37][38] Anti-smoking advocates stated that the child-friendly PG rating was inappropriate for the 2011 Nickelodeon-animated film Rango, which included over 60 depictions of characters smoking.[39]

text: Nudity[edit]

text: Nudity is restricted to PG and above, and anything that constitutes more than brief nudity will require at least a PG-13 rating. Nudity that is sexually oriented will generally require an R rating.[2] As of 2010, the MPAA has added a descriptor of "male nudity" to films featuring said content.[40]

text: Sexual content[edit]

text: The MPAA does not have any explicit criteria for sexual content other than excluding sex scenes from G rated films.[2]

text: Effects of ratings[edit]

text: Commercial viability of the NC-17 rating[edit]

text: In its initial years of use, few films with the NC-17 rating were profitable. In 1995, United Artists released the big-budget film Showgirls (1995). It became the most widely distributed film with an NC-17 rating (showing in 1,388 cinemas simultaneously), but was a financial failure that grossed only 45% of its $45 million budget.[41] Some modest successes can be found among NC-17 theatrical releases; however, Fox Searchlight Pictures released the original NC-17-rated American edition of the European film The Dreamers (2003) in theaters in the United States, and later released both the original NC-17 and the cut R-rated version on DVD. A Fox Searchlight spokesman said the NC-17 rating did not give them much trouble in releasing this film (they had no problem booking it, and only the Salt Lake City newspaper Deseret News refused to take the film's ad), and Fox Searchlight was satisfied with this film's United States box office result.[42] Another notable exception is Bad Education (2004), an NC-17 foreign-language film which grossed $5.2 million in the United States theatrically[43] (a moderate success for a foreign-language film[44]).

text: As of March 2007, according to Variety, MPAA chairman Dan Glickman had been made aware of the attempts to introduce a new rating, or find ways to reduce the stigma of the NC-17 rating. Film studios have pressured the MPAA to retire the NC-17 rating, because of its likely impact on their film's box office revenue.[45][46]

text: During the controversy about the MPAA's decision to give the film Blue Valentine (2010) an NC-17 rating (The Weinstein Company challenged this decision, and the MPAA ended up awarding the same cut an R rating on appeal), actor Ryan Gosling, who stars in the film, noted that NC-17 films are not allowed wide advertisement and that, given the refusal of major cinema chains like AMC and Regal to show NC-17 rated movies, many such films will never be accessible to people who live in markets that do not have art house theatres.[47]

text: Legal scholar Julie Hilden wrote that the MPAA has a "masterpiece exception" that it has made for films that would ordinarily earn an NC-17 rating, if not for the broader artistic masterpiece that requires the violence depicted as a part of its message. She cites Saving Private Ryan, with its bloody depiction of the D-Day landings, as an example. This exception is troubling, Hilden argues, because it ignores context and perspective in evaluating other films and favors conventional films over edgier films that contribute newer and more interesting points to public discourse about violence.[48]

text: Issuance of "R Cards"[edit]

text: Starting in 2004, GKC Theatres (now AMC Theatres) introduced "R-Cards", which parents could obtain for their teenage children, under the age of 17, to see R-rated films without adult accompaniment. The cards generated much controversy; MPAA president Jack Valenti said in a news article: "I think it distorts and ruptures the intent of this voluntary film ratings system. All R-rated films are not alike."[49] John Fithian, the president of the National Association of Theatre Owners, also said that the cards can be harmful. He noted in a news article for the Christian Science Monitor that the R rating is "broad enough to include relatively family-friendly fare such as Billy Elliot and Erin Brockovich (which were both rated R for language) along with films that push the extremes of violence, including Pulp Fiction and Kill Bill."[50]

text: Criticisms[edit]

text: Emphasis on sex and language versus violence[edit]

text: The film rating system has had a number of high-profile critics. Film critic Roger Ebert argued that the system places too much emphasis on sex, while allowing the portrayal of massive amounts of gruesome violence. The uneven emphasis on sex versus violence is echoed by other critics, including David Ansen, as well as many filmmakers. Moreover, Ebert argued that the rating system is geared toward looking at trivial aspects of the film (such as the number of times a profane word is used) rather than at the general theme of the film (for example, if the film realistically depicts the consequences of sex and violence). He called for an A (adults only) rating, to indicate films high in violence or mature content that should not be marketed to teenagers, but do not have NC-17 levels of sex. He also called for the NC-17 rating to be removed and have the X rating revived. He felt that everyone understood what X-rated means, while fewer people understood what NC-17 meant. He called for ratings A and X to identify whether an adult film is pornographic or not.[51][52][53]

text: MPAA chairman Dan Glickman has disputed these claims, stating that far more films are initially rated NC-17 for violence than for sex, but that these are later edited by studios to receive an R rating.[54]

text: Despite this, an internal critic of the early workings of the ratings system is film critic and writer Stephen Farber, who was a CARA intern for six months during 1969 and 1970. In The Movie Ratings Game,[55] he documents a prejudice against sex in relation to violence. This Film Is Not Yet Rated also points out that four times as many films received an NC-17 rating for sex than they did for violence according to the MPAA's own website, further mentioning a bias against homosexual content compared to heterosexual content, particularly with regards to sex scenes. Filmmaker Darren Stein further insists that his tame teen comedy G.B.F., which features multiple same-sex kisses but no intercourse, strong language, violence, or nudity, was "rated R for being gay."[56]

text: The 2011 documentary Bully received an R rating for the profanity contained within the film, which prevented most of the intended audience, middle and high schoolers, from seeing the film. The film's director, Lee Hirsch, has refused to recut the film, stating, "I feel a responsibility as a filmmaker, as the person entrusted to tell (these kids') stories, to not water them down." A petition collected more than 200,000 signatures to change the film's rating[57] and a version with less profanity was finally given a PG-13 rating. The same, however, could not be said about the 1995 teen drama Kids, which director Larry Clark wanted rated R so parents could take their kids to it for educational purposes, but the MPAA rated it NC-17 due to its content of teen sex and turned down Clark's appeal. The movie was then released unrated by Miramax (under Shining Excalibur Films as Miramax, owned by Disney, hesitated to release it as an NC-17 film).

text: Tougher standards for independent studios[edit]

text: Many critics of the MPAA system, especially independent distributors, have charged that major studios' releases often receive more lenient treatment than independent films. The independent film Saints and Soldiers, which contains no nudity, almost no sex (although, there is a scene in which a German soldier is about to rape a French woman), very little profanity, and a minimum of violence, was said to have been rated R for a single clip where a main character is shot and killed, and required modification of just that one scene to receive a PG-13 rating.[58][59] Eric Watson, producer of the independently-distributed, NC-17-rated Requiem for a Dream complained that the studios are paying the budget of the MPAA, which gives the studios leverage over the MPAA's decisions.[60]

text: The comedy Scary Movie, released by Dimension Films, at the time a division of The Walt Disney Company, contained "strong crude sexual humor, language, drug use and violence," including images of ejaculation and an erect penis, but was rated R, to the surprise of many reviewers and audiences; by comparison, the comparatively tame porn spoof Orgazmo, an independent release by South Park creators Matt Stone and Trey Parker, contained "explicit sexual content and dialogue" and received an NC-17 (the only on-screen penis seen in the film is a dildo). As Parker and Stone did not have the money and the time to edit the film, it retained its NC-17 rating. In contrast, Parker and Stone's second feature film, South Park: Bigger, Longer & Uncut, was distributed by a major studio (Paramount Pictures) and, after multiple submissions and notes from the MPAA, received an R rating.[60]

text: Call for publicizing the standards[edit]

text: Many critics of the system, both conservative and liberal, would like to see the MPAA ratings unveiled and the standards made public. The MPAA has consistently cited nationwide scientific polls (conducted each year by the Opinion Research Corporation of Princeton, New Jersey), which show that parents find the ratings useful. Critics such as Matt Stone in Kirby Dick's documentary This Film is not Yet Rated respond this proves only that parents find the ratings more useful than nothing at all.[61] In the film, it is also discussed how the MPAA will not reveal any information about how or why certain decisions are made, and that the association will not even reveal to the filmmaker the specific scenes that need to be cut in order to get alternative rating.

text: Accusation of "ratings creep"[edit]

text: Although there has always been concern about the content of films,[62] the MPAA has, in recent years, been accused of a "ratings creep", whereby the films that fall into today's ratings categories now contain more objectionable material than those that appeared in the same categories two decades earlier.[63] A study put forward by the Harvard School of Public Health in 2004 concluded that there had been a significant increase in the level of profanity, sex and violence in films released between 1992 and 2003.[64] Kimberly Thompson, director of the study, stated: "The findings demonstrate that ratings creep has occurred over the last decade and that today’s movies contain significantly more violence, sex, and profanity on average than movies of the same rating a decade ago."[64]

text: Questions of relevance[edit]

text: Slashfilm.com managing editor David Chen wrote on the website: "It's time for more people to condemn the MPAA and their outrageous antics. We're heading towards an age when we don't need a mommy-like organization to dictate what our delicate sensibilities can and can't be exposed to. I deeply hope that the MPAA's irrelevance is imminent."[65]

text: Chicago Tribune film critic Michael Phillips wrote that the MPAA ratings board "has become foolish and irrelevant, and its members do not have my interests at heart, or yours. They're too easy on violence yet bizarrely reactionary when it comes to nudity and language."[66]


document_title: Gun laws in Virginia

question_text: age to get concealed carry permit in virginia

text: Gun laws in Virginia

text: Summary table[edit]

text:
Subject/Law
Long Guns
Handguns
Relevant Statutes
Notes

Permit to purchase required?
No
No

Firearm registration?
No
No
§ 18.2-295
Fully-automatic firearms (machine guns) are required to be registered with the state police.

Owner license required?
No
No

Proof of age and citizenship required for the purchase of "assault weapons".

Concealed carry permits required?
No
Yes
§ 18.2-308
Virginia is a "shall issue" state for concealed carry. Permits are issued to non-residents and training is permitted online or in person.

Open carry permitted?
Yes
Yes
§ 15.2-915.2
§ 18.2-287.4
§ 18.2-282

Open carry is generally allowed without a permit for people 18 years of age and older. The following cities and counties have exceptions that disallow the open carry of "assault weapons" (any firearm that is equipped with a magazine that will hold more than 20 rounds of ammunition or is designed by the manufacturer to accommodate a silencer or equipped with a folding stock) or shotguns equipped with a magazine that holds more than 7 rounds: the Cities of Alexandria, Chesapeake, Fairfax, Falls Church, Newport News, Norfolk, Richmond, and Virginia Beach and in the Counties of Arlington, Fairfax, Henrico, Loudoun, and Prince William. These restrictions do not apply to valid concealed carry permit holders. Stated differently, you may open carry an assault weapon/shotgun with more than 7 rounds with a permit in the aforementioned locations, but do not need a permit to do so in any other locality in Virginia.
For open carry in a vehicle, the firearm must be "properly secured in a container or compartment within the vehicle" (ie glove box, center console, trunk, etc). The container/compartment does not have to be locked, the firearm may be within the reach of the driver or a passenger, and the firearm may be loaded. This does not preempt an employer from prohibiting firearms "at a place of employment if there is a company policy or signage prohibiting firearms on the premises."[3] Furthermore, a "county or city may by ordinance make it unlawful for any person to transport, possess or carry a loaded shotgun or loaded rifle in any vehicle on any public street, road, or highway within such locality." However, this does not "apply to duly authorized law-enforcement officers or military personnel in the performance of their lawful duties, nor to any person who reasonably believes that a loaded rifle or shotgun is necessary for his personal safety in the course of his employment or business."
In addition, a firearm may be considered "open carry" in a vehicle if the firearm is openly visible, though this is not as well established as the "secured in a container/compartment" rule.

State preemption of local restrictions?
Yes
Yes
§ 15.2-915
Virginia has state preemption for most but not all firearm laws.

Assault weapon law?
Yes
Yes
§ 18.2-308.2:2
§ 18.2-308.2:01 § 18.2-308.7

Proof of age (18+ for long arms, 21+ for pistols) and proof of citizenship (or permanent residence license) are required for the purchase of "assault weapons". "Assault weapons" are defined as a semi-automatic, centerfire, firearm equipped with a folding stock, or equipped at the time with a magazine capable of holding more than 20 rounds, or capable of accommodating a silencer/suppressor.

Magazine restriction?
No
No
§ 18.2-287.4
§ 18.2-282.

Magazines capable of holding more than 20 rounds are legal but, they make the firearm an "assault weapon", subject to law accordingly.

NFA weapons restricted?
No
No
§ 18.2-308.8
§ 18.2-308.5
§ 18.2-295
Fully-automatic firearms (machine guns) must be registered with the state police. Plastic firearms and some destructive devices (such as the striker 12 shotgun) are prohibited outside law enforcement. SBS, SBR, AOWs, and suppressors are legal with NFA paperwork.

Background checks required for private sales?
No
No

text:
Gun laws in Virginia

Constitution

Constitution sections
Article I, §13.

show
Synopsis

"[...] the right of the people to keep and bear arms shall not be infringed; [...]"

Preemption and local regulation

Preemption sections
§ 15.2-915.,
§ 15.2–915.1.,
§ 15.2–915.2.,
§ 15.2–915.4.,
§ 15.2-914.

show
Synopsis

Localities may regulate the transportation of a loaded rifle or shotgun, regulate the use of pneumatic guns, and the possession and storage of firearms by persons who provide child-care services.

Registration

Ownership registration sections
§ 18.2–295.

show
Synopsis

Machine guns must be registered with the Virginia State Police.[4]

show
Purchase registration

No purchase registration

show
Lost/stolen registration

No lost/stolen registration

Restricted or prohibited items

Restricted firearms sections
§ 18.2–308.8.,
§ 18.2–308.5.

show
Synopsis

Armsel Striker, also known as the Striker 12, and similar shotguns are prohibited. Plastic firearms are prohibited.

show
Restricted ammunition

No restricted ammunition

show
Restricted accessories

No restricted accessories

Restricted or prohibited places

Restricted places sections
§ 18.2–283.,
AG Opinion 11-043,
§ 18.2–283.1.,
§ 18.2–287.01.,
§ 18.2–287.4.,
§ 18.2–308.1.,
4VAC15-40-60.,
4VAC10-30-170.,
8VAC35-60-20.
GA JRC Rule,
§ 18.2–308.

show
Synopsis

Places of religious worship, without good and sufficient reason. The Attorney General has opined that personal protection constitutes a good and sufficient reason.
Courthouses.
Air carrier airport terminals.
Certain high-capacity firearms in public places in certain counties and cities; except certain persons.
Public, private or religious elementary, middle or high schools and associated buildings, grounds, buses, and events; except certain persons.
On George Mason University property in academic buildings, administrative office buildings, student residence buildings, dining facilities, or while attending sporting, entertainment or educational events; except police officers.
Anywhere on a Virginia Commonwealth University campus, without the written authorization of the president of the university; except persons whose duties lawfully require the possession of firearms.
The Capitol and the General Assembly building; except for members of the General Assembly, persons with concealed handgun permits, and law enforcement personnel.
Private property where prohibited by the owner.

Restricted or prohibited persons

Underage persons sections
§ 18.2–56.2.,
§ 18.2–308.7.

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Synopsis

Persons under the age of 12, except while supervised.
Persons over the age of 12, but under the age of 18, except while supervised; or unsupervised with parental and property owner permission.

Alien persons sections
§ 18.2–308.2:01.

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Synopsis

Persons who are not lawfully present in the United States may not possess, transport or carry any firearm.
Persons who are not citizens or lawful permanent residents may not possess an "assault firearm."

Restricted persons sections
§ 18.2–308.1:1.,
§ 18.2–308.1:2.,
§ 18.2–308.1:3.,
§ 18.2–308.1:4.

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Synopsis

Persons acquitted by reason of insanity.
Persons adjudicated legally incompetent, mentally incapacitated.
Persons involuntarily admitted to a facility or ordered to mandatory outpatient treatment.
Persons subject to protective orders.

Convicted persons sections
§ 18.2–290.,
§ 18.2–308.1:5.,
§ 18.2–308.2.

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Synopsis

Persons convicted of a crime of violence in any court of record may not possess a machine gun.
Persons convicted of certain drug offenses; for a period of five years.
Persons who have been convicted of a felony, kidnapping, robbery by the threat or presentation of firearms, or rape.

Manufacturing

Manufacturing regulations sections
§ 18.2–294.,
§ 18.2–304.,
§ 18.2–308.5.

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Synopsis

Manufacturers must keep a record of all machine guns, sawed-off rifles and sawed-off shotguns that they manufacture.
Manufacturers are subject to police inspection of their stock of machine guns, sawed-off rifles, and sawed-off shotguns.
It is unlawful to manufacture firearms containing less than 3.7 ounces of electromagnetically detectable metal in the barrel, slide, cylinder, frame or receiver.

Sale, purchase, and transfer

Dealer regulations sections
§ 18.2–294.,
§ 18.2–304.,
§ 18.2–308.2:1.,
§ 18.2–308.2:3.
§ 18.2–308.2:2.,

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Synopsis

Dealers are subject to police inspection of their stock of machine guns, sawed-off rifles, and sawed-off shotguns.
Dealers may not sell or otherwise furnish firearms to any person he knows is prohibited from possessing or transporting a firearm.
Criminal background checks of employees of gun dealers are required before they may transfer firearms.
Criminal history record information check required for the transfer of certain firearms.
Non-residents may purchase rifle and shotguns only

Private sale regulations sections
§ 18.2–308.2:1.,
§ 18.2–308.2:2.

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Synopsis

Private sellers may not sell or otherwise furnish firearms to any person he knows is prohibited from possessing or transporting a firearm.
Private sellers may sell long guns and handguns.

Transportation and carry

Transportation restrictions sections
§ 15.2–915.2.,
§ 18.2–308.

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Synopsis

Localities may regulate the transportation of a loaded rifle or shotgun.
Persons lawfully possessing a handgun may transport such handgun loaded and in a secure compartment in a vehicle or vessel.

Open carry restrictions sections
§ 18.2–308.

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Synopsis

There is no law against a law-abiding citizen openly carrying a firearm, therefore it is legal and no permit or license is required.[5]
"Open carry" is the carrying of a firearm that is not concealed. Virginia defines concealed as "hidden from common observation" and "a weapon shall be deemed to be hidden from common observation when it is observable but is of such deceptive appearance as to disguise the weapon's true nature."

Concealed carry restrictions sections
§ 18.2–308,
§ 18.2–308.012

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Synopsis

Only persons who hold certain positions, comply with certain rules or restrictions, and/or who have a Concealed Handgun Permit (CHP) may carry concealed handguns.
Virginia issues a CHP to residents and non-residents.
CHP applicants must provide proof of demonstrated competence with a handgun.
Some persons are deemed disqualified from obtaining a CHP, even though they may lawfully possess and carry a firearm.
Virginia maintains concealed handgun permit reciprocity with other States and recognizes some licenses from other States without a formal reciprocity agreement. The list of such states is maintained by the Virginia State Police.[6]
Consuming an alcoholic beverage in ABC on-premises licensed restaurants and clubs, while carrying a concealed handgun, is prohibited. Openly carrying and consuming an alcoholic beverage is permitted. No person may carry a concealed handgun in a public place while under the influence of alcohol or illegal drugs.
§ 18.2–308, which regulates concealed weapons, shall not apply to any person while in his own place of abode or the curtilage thereof.
Except as provided in subsection J1, being "under the influence", § 18.2–308 shall not apply to:

Any person while in his own place of business;
Any person who may lawfully possess a firearm and is carrying a handgun while in a personal, private motor vehicle or vessel and such handgun is secured in a container or compartment in the vehicle or vessel;
Certain current and retired law-enforcement officers and certain State employees.

text: Overview[edit]

text: The Constitution of Virginia protects the right of the people to keep and bear arms from government infringement.[7] The Commonwealth of Virginia preempts local regulation of several aspects of firearms, though some local regulation is explicitly permitted. Virginia passed the Uniform Machine Gun Act, which was drafted by the National Conference of Commissioners on Uniform State Laws.[8][9] The only firearms in Virginia that are prohibited are the Armsel Striker, also known as the Striker 12, similar shotguns, and any "plastic firearms." Firearms must contain at least 3.7 ounces of electromagnetically detectable metal in the barrel, slide, cylinder, frame or receiver, and when subjected to x-ray machines, generate an image that accurately depicts their shape.[10] For example, Glock pistols which have polymer frames and metal slides and barrels are legal. There are no magazine capacity limitations, except that a concealed handgun permit (CHP) is required in order to carry magazines with more than 20 rounds in some urban, public areas.[1][2]

text: Prohibited places include courthouses, air carrier terminals, schools, Capitol and General Assembly buildings (open carrying only, members of the General Assembly and those with a valid CHP are permitted in the Capitol General Assembly buildings), and churches, though some exceptions apply, including a 2011 Attorney General opinion that personal protection constitutes good and sufficient reason to carry at a church.[11] George Mason University, Virginia Commonwealth University, and Virginia Polytechnic University (Virginia Tech) currently possess rules that prohibit firearms on school property.

text: A 2006 opinion issued by State Attorney General Robert F. McDonnell stated “...the governing boards of Virginia’s public colleges and universities may not impose a general prohibition on the carrying of concealed weapons by permitted individuals... Pursuant to specific grants of statutory authority, however, it is my opinion that colleges and universities may regulate the conduct of students and employees to prohibit them from carrying concealed weapons on campus.”[12]

text: In 2011, the Virginia Supreme Court found that the language used by George Mason University (GMU) to “...not impose a total ban of weapons on campus. Rather, the regulation is tailored, restricting weapons only in those places where people congregate and are most vulnerable – inside campus buildings and at campus events. Individuals may still carry or possess weapons on the open grounds of GMU, and in other places on campus not enumerated in the regulation.”[12]

text: There are age restrictions on the possession of firearms and some people are prohibited from possessing firearms due to certain criminal convictions. Licensed dealers must have the Virginia State Police conduct a background check prior to completing the sale of certain firearms. Persons who are not in the business of selling firearms, but make occasional, private sales, are not required to perform a background check before selling their firearms. Before July 1, 2012, a person could not purchase more than one handgun per 30-day period, though some exceptions applied; most significantly, holders of valid Concealed Handgun Permits (CHP) from Virginia were exempt from this restriction.[1][2] The bill that repealed the "one-handgun-a-month law" was signed into law by Governor Bob McDonnell on February 28 of that year.[13]

text: Open carry of a handgun without a permit is legal in Virginia at age 18, withstanding other applicable laws. Concealed carry of a handgun is allowed for persons who hold a valid CHP (concealed handgun permit), comply with certain restrictions, or who hold certain positions. Virginia shall issue a CHP to applicants 21 years of age or older, provided that they meet certain safety training requirements and do not have any disqualifying criminal convictions. Consuming an alcoholic beverage in ABC on-premises licensed restaurants and clubs, while carrying a concealed handgun, is prohibited; nor may any person carry a concealed handgun in a public place while under the influence of alcohol or illegal drugs. Any person permitted to carry a concealed firearm may not carry one in such manner in a public place while intoxicated. Possession of a firearm can compound the penalty for various other offenses, including illegal drug possession. Open carry while intoxicated is not addressed in the law and can presumed to be legal unless otherwise specified.[14][1][2][15]

text: There are some restrictions on the use of weapons. Brandishing a firearm is punishable by up to a year in jail.[16]