document_title: Evil Under the Sun (1982 film)

question_text: where was evil under the sun with peter ustinov filmed

text: Evil Under the Sun (1982 film)

text: Plot[edit]

text: A hiker finds a dead woman on the Yorkshire moors; the victim, who has been strangled, is identified as Alice Ruber. Shortly afterwards, Belgian detective Hercule Poirot (Peter Ustinov) examines a diamond belonging to millionaire industrialist Sir Horace Blatt (Colin Blakely), and declares it a fake. Assured that Sir Horace gave a real diamond to his mistress and she later returned the fake to him, Poirot agrees to meet Sir Horace at an exclusive Adriatic island resort to confront her. The hotel is the former summer palace of the reigning King of Tyrania, now owned by Daphne Castle (Maggie Smith), who had received the palace "for services rendered".

text: Sir Horace's former mistress is actress Arlena Stuart Marshall (Diana Rigg), who is on holiday with her husband Kenneth (Denis Quilley). Arlena is emotionally abusive to her stepdaughter, Linda (Emily Hone), and flirts with handsome young Patrick Redfern (Nicholas Clay), who is himself married to the meek Christine (Jane Birkin). Patrick is on the island only because Arlena arranged it. Kenneth turns to his old friend, Daphne, who reviles the way that Arlena treats both him and Linda. Arlena has also caused financial problems for Odell and Myra Gardener (James Mason and Sylvia Miles) by walking out of a major play, and refusing another. Writer Rex Brewster (Roddy McDowall) has already spent the royalties advanced to him for a tell-all biography of Arlena, but she refuses to give him a release. Early one morning, Arlena takes a paddle-boat to Ladder Bay. Patrick and Myra go for a boat trip around the island and see a body lying motionless on the beach. Patrick approaches the body and recognizes Arlena, announcing that she has been strangled. Poirot must determine which of his eight fellow guests—or Daphne—is the murderer.

text: Daphne had heard Kenneth in his room typing at the time of the murder, and Christine was with Linda at Gull Cove and did not leave until 11:55 for a 12:30 tennis match. Sir Horace argued with Arlena about the diamond at Ladder Bay at 11:30, which is confirmed by his yacht crew and by Daphne. Arlena kept the diamond, promising an explanation that evening, and Poirot finds the fake jewel nearby in a grotto. Patrick left at 11:30 with Myra, seeing Sir Horace's yacht coming, and hearing the noon cannon. Rex met Linda entering Gull Cove at 12:00, and reports that a bottle flung from the top of a cliff nearly hit him. Odell was seen reading by Daphne and her staff. He claims low water pressure hindered his 12:15 wash before tennis, but nobody admits to bathing at that time.

text: Assembling the suspects together, Poirot accuses Christine and Patrick of the crime: Christine knocked out Arlena and hid her in the nearby grotto, and Patrick strangled the helpless Arlena later. Christine posed as Arlena with makeup to simulate a suntan, Arlena's swimsuit and large red hat, to be purposely mis-identified by Patrick in Myra's presence. But Poirot had smelled Arlena's perfume in the grotto. Christine set Linda's watch twenty minutes fast, suggested a swim cap to muffle the noon cannon, and corrected the watch afterward. She tossed out the lotion bottle, almost hitting Rex, and bathed off her tan, thus depriving the leaky hotel water system of pressure. Poirot suspects that Patrick switched Sir Horace's jewel with a paste one, and that Patrick and Christine killed Arlena to protect the theft. The Redferns scoff at the detective's accusations, as he has no real proof.

text: On leaving the hotel, Patrick pays by cheque, signing the "R" in "Redfern" in a distinctive way that Poirot recognizes as the same way "Felix Ruber", husband of the Yorkshire moor victim, signed his name. The hiker that found the body had been Christine, establishing Patrick's alibi. Poirot knows photos from the British police will show Patrick and Felix to be the same person. Patrick puts a pipe in his mouth that has never been lit during his stay; Poirot empties the pipe bowl to reveal the genuine diamond. The Redferns are then arrested as Poirot and the other guests leave the island.

text: Cast[edit]

text:
Peter Ustinov as Hercule Poirot, the famous Belgian detective
Maggie Smith as Daphne Castle, the owner of the island resort
Colin Blakely as Sir Horace Blatt, a millionaire industrialist
Diana Rigg as glamorous actress Arlena Stuart Marshall
Denis Quilley as Kenneth Marshall, Arlena's husband
Emily Hone as Linda Marshall, Kenneth's teenage daughter from an earlier marriage
Roddy McDowall as Rex Brewster, a pompous writer and theatre critic
James Mason and Sylvia Miles as Odell and Myra Gardener, New York City theatrical producers
Nicholas Clay and Jane Birkin as Patrick and Christine Redfern, a handsome young man and his mousy wife

text: Production[edit]

text: The screenplay was written by Anthony Shaffer (who had worked on previous Christie adaptations) and an uncredited Barry Sandler.[4] The adaptation stayed fairly close to Christie's work but truncated scenes for time constraints, removed minor characters, and added humorous elements that were not present in the novel. Additionally, the novel was set in Devon, but the film was set on an Adriatic island in the fictional kingdom of Tyrania (based on Albania). The characters of Rosamund Darnley and Mrs. Castle were merged, the characters of Major Barry and Reverend Stephen Lane were omitted, and the female character of Emily Brewster was written as a man named Rex Brewster, played by McDowall.

text: Ustinov made his second film appearance as Poirot, having previously played the Belgian detective in Death on the Nile (1978); Smith and Birkin also appeared in both films. Quilley and Blakely appeared in the earlier Brabourne-produced Murder on the Orient Express (1974).[5] Guy Hamilton had previously directed another Agatha Christie film, The Mirror Crack'd, in 1980.[6]

text: Costumes for the film were designed by Academy Award winner Anthony Powell.[7][8]

text: Filming locations[edit]

text: The film was shot at Lee International Studios in Wembley, London, and on location in Majorca, Spain.[4]

text: The actual island used for aerial shots is Sa Dragonera, an uninhabited islet with "natural park" status, located just off the west coast of Majorca near Sant Elm.[9][10] Other locations used were Cala Blanca[a] as Ladder Bay, and offshore at Sant Elm[b] for the south of France (Sir Horace's boat scenes). Cala d'en Monjo[c] was used for the exteriors of Daphne's Cove and Hotel; the hotel itself was a private estate later bought by the Island Council of Majorca (along with Ajuntament de Calvià - Municipal) to create a natural park, which was demolished to its foundations. Gull Cove is the remote Cala en Feliu on the Formentor Peninsula.[11][d] The other hotel exterior shots were filmed at the Raixa Estate,[e] a large Italian style villa surrounded by Pietro Lazzarini-designed gardens, located in Bunyola, north of Palma.[12] Once owned by the German designer Jil Sander, it was subsequently purchased by the Island Council of Majorca.[13] Finally, Poirot boards his boat to the island from Cala de Deià, the coastal area of the exclusive town.[14]

text: The early scenes on the moors were shot in the Yorkshire Dales, England, with the exterior of the police station being the former Literary Institute in Muker, Swaledale.[15]

text: Notes[edit]

text:
Jump up ^ Cala Blanca is located at 39°32′12″N 2°24′26″E / 39.536674°N 2.407315°E / 39.536674; 2.407315.
Jump up ^ Sant Elm is located at 39°34′38″N 2°21′02″E / 39.577317°N 2.350656°E / 39.577317; 2.350656.
Jump up ^ Cala d'en Monjo is located at 39°31′44.72″N 002°25′50.49″E / 39.5290889°N 2.4306917°E / 39.5290889; 2.4306917.
Jump up ^ Cala en Feliu is located at 39°55′48.40″N 003°09′48.23″E / 39.9301111°N 3.1633972°E / 39.9301111; 3.1633972.
Jump up ^ The Raixa Estate is located at 39°40′50.9628″N 002°40′22.2528″E / 39.680823000°N 2.672848000°E / 39.680823000; 2.672848000.

tag: ol


document_title: All-time Olympic Games medal table

question_text: which country has the most olympic medals in total

root

text: All-time Olympic Games medal table

text: NOCs with medals[edit]

text: The table is pre-sorted by the name of each Olympic Committee, but can be displayed as sorted by any other column, such as the total number of gold medals or total number of overall medals. To sort by gold, silver, and then bronze, sort first by the bronze column, then the silver, and then the gold. The table does not include revoked medals (e.g. due to doping).

tag: p

text: Medal totals in this table are current as of the 2018 Winter Olympics in Pyeongchang County, South Korea, and all changes in medal standings due to doping cases up to and including 25 February 2018 are taken into account.

text:
Summer Games
Winter Games
Combined Total

Team (IOC code)

№

01 !

02 !

03 !

Total

№

01 !

02 !

03 !

Total

№

01 !

02 !

03 !

Total

 Afghanistan (AFG)
14
0
0
2
2
0
0
0
0
0
14
0
0
2
2

 Algeria (ALG)
13
5
4
8
17
3
0
0
0
0
16
5
4
8
17

 Argentina (ARG)
24
21
25
28
74
19
0
0
0
0
43
21
25
28
74

 Armenia (ARM)
6
2
6
6
14
7
0
0
0
0
13
2
6
6
14

 Australasia (ANZ) [ANZ]
2
3
4
5
12
0
0
0
0
0
2
3
4
5
12

 Australia (AUS) [AUS] [Z]
26
147
163
187
497
19
5
5
5
15
45
152
168
192
512

 Austria (AUT)
27
18
33
36
87
23
64
81
87
232
50
82
114
123
319

 Azerbaijan (AZE)
6
7
11
25
43
6
0
0
0
0
12
7
11
25
43

 Bahamas (BAH)
16
6
2
6
14
0
0
0
0
0
16
6
2
6
14

 Bahrain (BRN)
9
2
1
0
3
0
0
0
0
0
9
2
1
0
3

 Barbados (BAR) [BAR]
12
0
0
1
1
0
0
0
0
0
12
0
0
1
1

 Belarus (BLR)
6
12
27
39
78
7
8
5
5
18
13
20
32
44
96

 Belgium (BEL)
26
40
53
55
148
21
1
2
3
6
47
41
55
58
154

 Bermuda (BER)
18
0
0
1
1
8
0
0
0
0
26
0
0
1
1

 Bohemia (BOH) [BOH] [Z]
3
0
1
3
4
0
0
0
0
0
3
0
1
3
4

 Botswana (BOT)
10
0
1
0
1
0
0
0
0
0
10
0
1
0
1

 Brazil (BRA)
22
30
36
62
128
8
0
0
0
0
30
30
36
62
128

 British West Indies (BWI) [BWI]
1
0
0
2
2
0
0
0
0
0
1
0
0
2
2

 Bulgaria (BUL) [H]
20
51
87
80
218
20
1
2
3
6
40
52
89
83
224

 Burundi (BDI)
6
1
1
0
2
0
0
0
0
0
6
1
1
0
2

 Cameroon (CMR)
14
3
1
2
6
1
0
0
0
0
15
3
1
2
6

 Canada (CAN)
26
64
102
136
302
23
73
64
62
199
49
137
166
198
501

 Chile (CHI) [I]
23
2
7
4
13
17
0
0
0
0
40
2
7
4
13

 China (CHN) [CHN]
10
224
167
155
546
11
13
28
21
62
21
237
195
176
608

 Colombia (COL)
19
5
9
14
28
2
0
0
0
0
21
5
9
14
28

 Costa Rica (CRC)
15
1
1
2
4
6
0
0
0
0
21
1
1
2
4

 Ivory Coast (CIV) [CIV]
13
1
1
1
3
0
0
0
0
0
13
1
1
1
3

 Croatia (CRO)
7
11
10
12
33
8
4
6
1
11
15
15
16
13
44

 Cuba (CUB) [Z]
20
78
68
79
225
0
0
0
0
0
20
78
68
79
225

 Cyprus (CYP)
10
0
1
0
1
11
0
0
0
0
21
0
1
0
1

 Czech Republic (CZE) [CZE]
6
15
17
24
56
7
9
11
11
31
13
24
28
35
87

 Czechoslovakia (TCH) [TCH]
16
49
49
45
143
16
2
8
15
25
32
51
57
60
168

 Denmark (DEN) [Z]
27
45
74
75
194
14
0
1
0
1
41
45
75
75
195

 Djibouti (DJI) [B]
8
0
0
1
1
0
0
0
0
0
8
0
0
1
1

 Dominican Republic (DOM)
14
3
2
2
7
0
0
0
0
0
14
3
2
2
7

 Ecuador (ECU)
14
1
1
0
2
1
0
0
0
0
15
1
1
0
2

 Egypt (EGY) [EGY] [Z]
22
7
10
15
32
1
0
0
0
0
23
7
10
15
32

 Eritrea (ERI)
5
0
0
1
1
1
0
0
0
0
6
0
0
1
1

 Estonia (EST)
12
9
9
16
34
10
4
2
1
7
22
13
11
17
41

 Ethiopia (ETH)
13
22
11
20
53
2
0
0
0
0
15
22
11
20
53

 Fiji (FIJ)
14
1
0
0
1
3
0
0
0
0
17
1
0
0
1

 Finland (FIN)
25
101
85
117
303
23
43
63
61
167
48
144
148
178
470

 France (FRA) [O] [P] [Z]
28
212
241
263
716
23
36
35
53
124
51
248
276
316
840

 Gabon (GAB)
10
0
1
0
1
0
0
0
0
0
10
0
1
0
1

 Georgia (GEO)
6
8
8
17
33
7
0
0
0
0
13
8
8
17
33

 Germany (GER) [GER] [Z]
16
191
194
230
615
12
92
88
60
240
28
283
282
290
855

 United Team of Germany (EUA) [EUA]
3
28
54
36
118
3
8
6
5
19
6
36
60
41
137

 East Germany (GDR) [GDR]
5
153
129
127
409
6
39
36
35
110
11
192
165
162
519

 West Germany (FRG) [FRG]
5
56
67
81
204
6
11
15
13
39
11
67
82
94
243

 Ghana (GHA) [GHA]
14
0
1
3
4
2
0
0
0
0
16
0
1
3
4

 Great Britain (GBR) [GBR] [Z]
28
263
295
291
849
23
11
4
16
31
51
274
299
307
880

 Greece (GRE) [Z]
28
33
43
40
116
19
0
0
0
0
47
33
43
40
116

 Grenada (GRN)
9
1
1
0
2
0
0
0
0
0
9
1
1
0
2

 Guatemala (GUA)
14
0
1
0
1
1
0
0
0
0
15
0
1
0
1

 Guyana (GUY) [GUY]
17
0
0
1
1
0
0
0
0
0
17
0
0
1
1

 Haiti (HAI) [J]
15
0
1
1
2
0
0
0
0
0
15
0
1
1
2

 Hong Kong (HKG) [HKG]
16
1
1
1
3
5
0
0
0
0
21
1
1
1
3

 Hungary (HUN)
26
175
147
169
491
23
1
2
4
7
49
176
149
173
498

 Iceland (ISL)
20
0
2
2
4
18
0
0
0
0
38
0
2
2
4

 India (IND) [F]
24
9
7
12
28
10
0
0
0
0
34
9
7
12
28

 Indonesia (INA)
15
7
13
12
32
0
0
0
0
0
15
7
13
12
32

 Iran (IRI) [K]
16
19
22
28
69
11
0
0
0
0
27
19
22
28
69

 Iraq (IRQ)
14
0
0
1
1
0
0
0
0
0
14
0
0
1
1

 Ireland (IRL)
21
9
10
12
31
7
0
0
0
0
28
9
10
12
31

 Israel (ISR)
16
1
1
7
9
7
0
0
0
0
23
1
1
7
9

 Italy (ITA) [M] [S]
27
206
178
193
577
23
40
36
48
124
50
246
214
241
701

 Jamaica (JAM) [JAM]
17
22
35
20
77
8
0
0
0
0
25
22
35
20
77

 Japan (JPN)
22
142
135
162
439
21
14
22
22
58
43
156
157
184
497

 Jordan (JOR)
10
1
0
0
1
0
0
0
0
0
10
1
0
0
1

 Kazakhstan (KAZ)
6
15
20
27
62
7
1
3
4
8
13
16
23
31
70

 Kenya (KEN)
14
31
38
33
102
4
0
0
0
0
18
31
38
33
102

 Kosovo (KOS)
1
1
0
0
1
1
0
0
0
0
2
1
0
0
1

 North Korea (PRK)
10
16
16
22
54
9
0
1
1
2
19
16
17
23
56

 South Korea (KOR)
17
90
87
90
267
18
31
25
14
70
35
121
112
104
337

 Kuwait (KUW)
12
0
0
2
2
0
0
0
0
0
12
0
0
2
2

 Kyrgyzstan (KGZ)
6
0
1
3
4
7
0
0
0
0
13
0
1
3
4

 Latvia (LAT)
11
3
11
5
19
11
0
4
4
8
22
3
15
9
27

 Lebanon (LIB)
17
0
2
2
4
17
0
0
0
0
34
0
2
2
4

 Liechtenstein (LIE)
17
0
0
0
0
19
2
2
6
10
36
2
2
6
10

 Lithuania (LTU)
9
6
7
12
25
9
0
0
0
0
18
6
7
12
25

 Luxembourg (LUX) [O]
23
1
1
0
2
9
0
2
0
2
32
1
3
0
4

 Macedonia (MKD)
6
0
0
1
1
6
0
0
0
0
12
0
0
1
1

 Malaysia (MAS) [MAS]
13
0
7
4
11
1
0
0
0
0
14
0
7
4
11

 Mauritius (MRI)
9
0
0
1
1
0
0
0
0
0
9
0
0
1
1

 Mexico (MEX)
23
13
24
32
69
9
0
0
0
0
32
13
24
32
69

 Moldova (MDA)
6
0
2
3
5
7
0
0
0
0
13
0
2
3
5

 Mongolia (MGL)
13
2
10
14
26
14
0
0
0
0
27
2
10
14
26

 Montenegro (MNE)
3
0
1
0
1
3
0
0
0
0
6
0
1
0
1

 Morocco (MAR)
14
6
5
12
23
7
0
0
0
0
21
6
5
12
23

 Mozambique (MOZ)
10
1
0
1
2
0
0
0
0
0
10
1
0
1
2

 Namibia (NAM)
7
0
4
0
4
0
0
0
0
0
7
0
4
0
4

 Netherlands (NED) [Z]
26
85
92
108
285
21
45
44
41
130
47
130
136
149
415

 Netherlands Antilles (AHO) [AHO] [I]
13
0
1
0
1
2
0
0
0
0
15
0
1
0
1

 New Zealand (NZL) [NZL]
23
46
27
44
117
16
0
1
2
3
39
46
28
46
120

 Niger (NIG)
12
0
1
1
2
0
0
0
0
0
12
0
1
1
2

 Nigeria (NGR)
16
3
10
12
25
1
0
0
0
0
17
3
10
12
25

 Norway (NOR) [Q]
25
56
49
47
152
23
132
125
111
368
48
188
174
158
520

 Pakistan (PAK)
17
3
3
4
10
3
0
0
0
0
20
3
3
4
10

 Panama (PAN)
17
1
0
2
3
0
0
0
0
0
17
1
0
2
3

 Paraguay (PAR)
12
0
1
0
1
1
0
0
0
0
13
0
1
0
1

 Peru (PER) [L]
18
1
3
0
4
2
0
0
0
0
20
1
3
0
4

 Philippines (PHI)
21
0
3
7
10
5
0
0
0
0
26
0
3
7
10

 Poland (POL)
21
68
83
133
284
23
7
7
8
22
44
75
90
141
306

 Portugal (POR)
24
4
8
12
24
8
0
0
0
0
32
4
8
12
24

 Puerto Rico (PUR)
18
1
2
6
9
7
0
0
0
0
25
1
2
6
9

 Qatar (QAT)
9
0
1
4
5
0
0
0
0
0
9
0
1
4
5

 Romania (ROU)
21
89
95
122
306
21
0
0
1
1
42
89
95
123
307

 Russia (RUS) [RUS]
6
149
124
153
426
6
47
38
35
120
12
196
162
188
546

 Russian Empire (RU1) [RU1]
3
1
4
3
8
0
0
0
0
0
3
1
4
3
8

 Soviet Union (URS) [URS]
9
395
319
296
1,010
9
78
57
59
194
18
473
376
355
1,204

 Unified Team (EUN) [EUN]
1
45
38
29
112
1
9
6
8
23
2
54
44
37
135

 Saudi Arabia (KSA)
11
0
1
2
3
0
0
0
0
0
11
0
1
2
3

 Samoa (SAM)
9
0
1
0
1
0
0
0
0
0
9
0
1
0
1

 Senegal (SEN)
14
0
1
0
1
5
0
0
0
0
19
0
1
0
1

 Serbia (SRB) [SRB]
4
3
6
6
15
3
0
0
0
0
7
3
6
6
15

 Serbia and Montenegro (SCG) [SCG]
1
0
2
0
2
1
0
0
0
0
2
0
2
0
2

 Singapore (SIN)
16
1
2
2
5
1
0
0
0
0
17
1
2
2
5

 Slovakia (SVK) [SVK]
6
9
12
7
28
7
3
4
1
8
13
12
16
8
36

 Slovenia (SLO)
7
5
8
10
23
8
2
5
10
17
15
7
13
20
40

 South Africa (RSA)
19
26
31
29
86
7
0
0
0
0
26
26
31
29
86

 Spain (ESP) [Z]
23
45
64
41
150
20
1
0
3
4
43
46
64
44
154

 Sri Lanka (SRI) [SRI]
17
0
2
0
2
0
0
0
0
0
17
0
2
0
2

 Sudan (SUD)
12
0
1
0
1
0
0
0
0
0
12
0
1
0
1

 Suriname (SUR) [E]
12
1
0
1
2
0
0
0
0
0
12
1
0
1
2

 Sweden (SWE) [Z]
27
145
170
179
494
23
57
46
55
158
50
202
216
234
652

 Switzerland (SUI)
28
50
75
67
192
23
55
46
52
153
51
105
121
119
345

 Syria (SYR)
13
1
1
1
3
0
0
0
0
0
13
1
1
1
3

 Chinese Taipei (TPE) [TPE] [TPE2]
14
5
7
12
24
12
0
0
0
0
26
5
7
12
24

 Tajikistan (TJK)
6
1
1
2
4
4
0
0
0
0
10
1
1
2
4

 Tanzania (TAN) [TAN]
13
0
2
0
2
0
0
0
0
0
13
0
2
0
2

 Thailand (THA)
16
9
8
16
33
4
0
0
0
0
20
9
8
16
33

 Togo (TOG)
10
0
0
1
1
2
0
0
0
0
12
0
0
1
1

 Tonga (TGA)
9
0
1
0
1
2
0
0
0
0
11
0
1
0
1

 Trinidad and Tobago (TRI) [TRI]
17
2
6
11
19
3
0
0
0
0
20
2
6
11
19

 Tunisia (TUN)
14
4
2
7
13
0
0
0
0
0
14
4
2
7
13

 Turkey (TUR)
22
39
24
28
91
17
0
0
0
0
39
39
24
28
91

 Uganda (UGA)
15
2
3
2
7
0
0
0
0
0
15
2
3
2
7

 Ukraine (UKR)
6
35
30
56
121
7
3
1
4
8
13
38
31
60
129

 United Arab Emirates (UAE)
9
1
0
1
2
0
0
0
0
0
9
1
0
1
2

 United States (USA) [P] [Q] [R] [Z]
27
1,022
795
705
2,522
23
105
110
90
305
50
1,127
905
795
2,827

 Uruguay (URU)
21
2
2
6
10
1
0
0
0
0
22
2
2
6
10

 Uzbekistan (UZB)
6
8
6
17
31
7
1
0
0
1
13
9
6
17
32

 Venezuela (VEN)
18
2
3
10
15
4
0
0
0
0
22
2
3
10
15

 Vietnam (VIE)
15
1
3
0
4
0
0
0
0
0
15
1
3
0
4

 Virgin Islands (ISV)
12
0
1
0
1
7
0
0
0
0
19
0
1
0
1

 Yugoslavia (YUG) [YUG]
18
28
31
31
90
16
0
3
1
4
34
28
34
32
94

 Zambia (ZAM) [ZAM]
13
0
1
1
2
0
0
0
0
0
13
0
1
1
2

 Zimbabwe (ZIM) [ZIM]
13
3
4
1
8
1
0
0
0
0
14
3
4
1
8

 Independent Olympic Athletes (IOA) [IOA]
3
1
0
1
2
0
0
0
0
0
3
1
0
1
2

 Independent Olympic Participants (IOP) [IOP]
1
0
1
2
3
0
0
0
0
0
1
0
1
2
3

 Olympic Athletes from Russia (OAR)
0
0
0
0
0
1
2
6
9
17
1
2
6
9
17

 Mixed team (ZZX) [ZZX]
3
8
5
4
17
0
0
0
0
0
3
8
5
4
17

Totals
28
5,115
5,080
5,482
15,677
23
1,060
1,058
1,050
3,168
51
6,175
6,138
6,532
18,845

tag: table

text: The sum total of gold, silver and bronze medals are not equal for the following reasons:

text:
Some sports (such as boxing, judo, taekwondo and wrestling) award or have previously awarded two bronze medals per competition.
Some tied performances have resulted in multiple medals of the same colour being awarded for an event. If this tie is for gold or silver, there will be a consequent absence of a silver or bronze medal for that event.
Not all medals which have been revoked have been re-awarded.
Some early events, such as cricket at the 1900 Summer Olympics had only two entrants.
Retroactively awarding gold, silver and bronze medals for the 1896 and 1900 games results in some anomalies, such as the 100 metre freestyle swimming event in 1896 where no surviving records distinguish the places of those who finished between 3rd and 10th position.

tag: ul

text: NOCs without medals[edit]

text: After the 2018 Winter Olympics in Pyeongchang, 71 of the current 206 National Olympic Committees have yet to win an Olympic medal. Seven historic National Olympic Committees and the Refugee Olympic Team are also included in this list.

text:
Team (IOC code)
№ Summer
№ Winter
№ Games

 Albania (ALB)
8
4
12

 American Samoa (ASA)
8
1
9

 Andorra (AND)
11
12
23

 Angola (ANG)
9
0
9

 Antigua and Barbuda (ANT)
10
0
10

 Aruba (ARU)
8
0
8

 Bangladesh (BAN)
9
0
9

 Belize (BIZ) [BIZ]
12
0
12

 Benin (BEN) [BEN]
11
0
11

 Bhutan (BHU)
9
0
9

 Bolivia (BOL)
14
6
20

 Bosnia and Herzegovina (BIH)
7
7
14

 British Virgin Islands (IVB)
9
2
11

 Brunei (BRU) [A]
5
0
5

 Burkina Faso (BUR) [BUR]
9
0
9

 Cambodia (CAM)
9
0
9

 Cape Verde (CPV)
6
0
6

 Cayman Islands (CAY)
10
2
12

 Central African Republic (CAF)
10
0
10

 Chad (CHA)
12
0
12

 Comoros (COM)
6
0
6

 Congo (CGO)
12
0
12

 Democratic Republic of the Congo (COD) [COD]
10
0
10

 Cook Islands (COK)
8
0
8

 Dominica (DMA)
6
1
7

 El Salvador (ESA)
11
0
11

 Equatorial Guinea (GEQ)
9
0
9

 The Gambia (GAM)
9
0
9

 Guam (GUM)
8
1
9

 Guinea (GUI)
11
0
11

 Guinea-Bissau (GBS)
6
0
6

 Honduras (HON)
11
1
12

 Kiribati (KIR)
4
0
4

 Korea (COR)
0
1
1

 Laos (LAO)
9
0
9

 Lesotho (LES)
11
0
11

 Liberia (LBR) [C]
12
0
12

 Libya (LBA) [D]
10
0
10

 Madagascar (MAD)
12
2
14

 Malawi (MAW)
10
0
10

 Maldives (MDV)
8
0
8

 Mali (MLI)
13
0
13

 Malta (MLT)
16
2
18

 Marshall Islands (MHL)
3
0
3

 Mauritania (MTN)
9
0
9

 Federated States of Micronesia (FSM)
5
0
5

 Monaco (MON) [N]
20
10
30

 Myanmar (MYA) [MYA]
17
0
17

 Nauru (NRU)
6
0
6

 Nepal (NEP)
13
4
17

 Nicaragua (NCA)
12
0
12

 Oman (OMA)
9
0
9

 Palau (PLW)
5
0
5

 Palestine (PLE)
6
0
6

 Papua New Guinea (PNG)
10
0
10

 Rwanda (RWA)
9
0
9

 Saint Kitts and Nevis (SKN)
6
0
6

 Saint Lucia (LCA)
6
0
6

 Saint Vincent and the Grenadines (VIN)
8
0
8

 San Marino (SMR)
14
10
24

 São Tomé and Príncipe (STP)
6
0
6

 Seychelles (SEY)
9
0
9

 Sierra Leone (SLE)
11
0
11

 Solomon Islands (SOL)
9
0
9

 Somalia (SOM)
9
0
9

 South Sudan (SSD)
1
0
1

 Swaziland (SWZ)
10
1
11

 East Timor (TLS) [I]
4
2
6

 Turkmenistan (TKM)
6
0
6

 Tuvalu (TUV)
3
0
3

 Vanuatu (VAN)
8
0
8

 Yemen (YEM) [YEM]
7
0
7

 North Borneo (NBO) [NBO]
1
0
1

 Malaya (MAL) [MAL]
2
0
2

 Republic of China (ROC) [ROC]
3
0
3

 Saar (SAA) [SAA]
1
0
1

 North Yemen (YAR) [YAR]
2
0
2

 South Yemen (YMD) [YMD]
1
0
1

 Refugee Olympic Team (ROT) [ROT]
1
0
1

text: Variations[edit]

text: The sections above are based on information published by the International Olympic Committee. Various sources deal with some of the entries in the preceding sections differently.

text: Early Olympics[edit]

text: For the 1900 Summer Olympics several countries are credited with appearances that are not considered official by the IOC. Only one of these cases concerns a medal. A gold medal that is officially added to France's total is given to Luxembourg.[2]

text: Similar cases of disputed nationality affect the 1904 Summer Olympics. France is credited with a silver medal[3] and Norway with two gold medals.[4] In the table above these medals are listed under the United States. Furthermore, Newfoundland is occasionally listed as a separate country at the 1904 Olympics, and would be listed as a historical NOC without medals.[5]

text: Other differences from the official table are based on disagreements about which events were Olympic. This affects several of the events in the 1900 and 1904 Olympics. In addition, some sources include the 1906 Intercalated Games when compiling their medal tables.[6]

text: Germany[edit]

text: Germany has competed under five different designations, including as two separate teams at several Games. Sources vary in how they present the medals won by these teams. The table below shows sourced combinations of these teams, when applied to the updated medal totals from the main table.

text:
Summer Games
Winter Games
Combined Total

Team (IOC code)

№

01 !

02 !

03 !

Total

№

01 !

02 !

03 !

Total

№

01 !

02 !

03 !

Total

 Germany (GER)[7]
16
191
192
232
615
12
92
88
60
240
28
283
280
292
855

 Germany (GER) (EUA)[8]
19
219
246
268
733
15
100
94
65
259
34
319
340
333
992

 Germany (GER) (EUA) (FRG)[9]
24
275
313
349
937
21
111
109
78
298
45
386
422
427
1235

 Germany (GER) (EUA) (FRG) (GDR)[10]
25[11]
428
442
476
1346
21
150
145
113
408
46[11]
578
587
589
1754

text: Russia and the Soviet Union[edit]

text: The Russian Federation and the Russian Empire are often combined outside of IOC sources. The Soviet Union is sometimes combined with the post-union team that competed in 1992. Few sources combine the Soviet Union and Russia as many republics which subsequently gained independence (Armenia, Azerbaijan, Belarus, Estonia, Georgia, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Latvia, Lithuania, Moldova, Tadjikistan, Turkmenistan, Ukraine, Uzbekistan) contributed to the medal tally of the USSR.

text:
Summer Games
Winter Games
Combined Total

Team (IOC code)

№

01 !

02 !

03 !

Total

№

01 !

02 !

03 !

Total

№

01 !

02 !

03 !

Total

 Olympic Athletes from Russia (OAR)
0
0
0
0
0
1
2
6
9
17
1
2
6
9
17

 Russia (RUS)[12]
6
149
124
153
426
6
47
38
35
120
12
196
162
188
546

 Russia (RUS) (RU1)[13]
9
150
128
156
434
6
47
38
35
120
15
197
166
191
554

 Soviet Union (URS)[9]
9
395
319
296
1010
9
78
57
59
194
18
473
376
355
1204

 Soviet Union (URS) (EUN)[10]
10
440
357
325
1122
10
87
63
67
217
20
527
420
392
1339

 Russia (RUS) (RU1, OAR)  Soviet Union (URS) (EUN)[14]
19
590
485
481
1556
17
136
107
111
354
36
726
592
592
1910

text: Notes[edit]

text: Obsolete nations notes[edit]

text:
ANZ → AUS , NZL Australasia (ANZ) was a combined team of athletes from Australia (AUS) and New Zealand (NZL). They competed together during the 1908 and 1912 Games.
BOH → TCH → CZE , SVK Prior to the foundation of Czechoslovakia (TCH) after World War I, athletes from Bohemia (BOH) (now part of the present-day Czech Republic) competed in 1900, 1908, and 1912 Games. Czechoslovakia competed in 1920–1992, from 1994 represented by successor NOCs of Czech Republic (CZE) and Slovakia (SVK).
BWI → BAR , JAM , TRI Athletes from Barbados (BAR), Jamaica (JAM), and Trinidad and Tobago (TRI) competed as the British West Indies (BWI) at the 1960 Games. The West Indies Federation only existed as a nation from 1958–1962, so the constituent nations once again competed independently in 1964.
SAA , EUA , GDR , FRG → GER Germany (GER) competed 1896–1952 and from 1992. Due to the partition of Germany after World War II, Germany was represented by two teams at the 1952 Games — Germany (GER) and the Saar (SAA). The Saar was reintegrated back into the Federal Republic of Germany on 1 January 1957, and Saar athletes then competed for Germany. East Germany did not contribute athletes to the 1952 team, as the National Olympic Committee for the German Democratic Republic was only granted "provisional" recognition by the IOC in 1955. For the Games of 1956–1964, Germany participated as a United Team of Germany (EUA), representing the National Olympic Committees of both West Germany and East Germany. Retrospectively, the IOC uses the country code EUA for this team. After the NOC for the German Democratic Republic was granted full recognition by the IOC in 1968, East Germany (GDR) and West Germany (FRG) competed as two independent teams from the 1968 to the 1988 Games.
MAL , NBO → MAS Athletes from Malaya (MAL) and North Borneo (NBO) competed as independent teams at the 1956 Games and Malaya also competed at the 1960 Games, prior to the formation of the Federation of Malaysia (MAS) in 1963.
AHO The Netherlands Antilles (AHO), an autonomous country within the Netherlands (NED), competed 1952–2008. The Netherlands Antilles Olympic Committee's membership in the IOC was withdrawn in 2011 because of the dissolution of the Netherlands Antilles.
RU1 → URS → EUN → RUS Russian Empire (RU1) participated at the 1900, 1908 and 1912 Games prior to the World War I. Soviet Union (URS) competed from 1952 to 1988. Unified Team (EUN) is the generic name used for a combined team of six post-Soviet republics that competed at the 1992 Winter Olympics and a combined team of twelve post-Soviet republics that competed at the 1992 Summer Olympics. Russian Federation (RUS) and the other fourteen post-Soviet republics started competing independently since 1992 (Latvia, Lithuania, Estonia), 1994 or 1996.

SRB , YUG → IOP , SCG Serbia (SRB, 1912, 2006-current) first participated at the Olympic Games in 1912. Yugoslavia (YUG, 1920-1992 Winter) competed as Kingdom of Yugoslavia (officially the Kingdom of Serbs, Croats and Slovenes until 1929) in five Games (1920–1936) before the Second World War. They later competed as Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia for the Games (1948–1992 Winter). This ended with the Breakup of Yugoslavia. Some ex-Yugoslavian nations (Croatia, Slovenia, Bosnia and Herzegovina) have competed as independent teams since 1992. Individual athletes from the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia (Serbia and Montenegro) competed as Independent Olympic Participants (IOP) at the 1992 Summer Games because of sanctions placed by the United Nations. Athletes representing Macedonia likewise competed as independent olympic participants because their NOC had not yet been formed. Since 1996 Macedonia has competed as independent team. The combined team Serbia and Montenegro (SCG, 2004-2006) consisted of the Republic of Serbia and the Republic of Montenegro. They competed as Yugoslavia from (YUG, 1996–2002) and then changed to State Union of Serbia and Montenegro (2004–2006). After 96 years Serbia returned to the Olympics as an independent team at the 2008 Games. Montenegro first participated as an independent team in 2008.
YAR , YMD → YEM Prior to Yemeni unification in 1990, North Yemen participated as the Yemen Arab Republic (YAR) in 1984 and 1988, and South Yemen participated as the Yemen Democratic Republic (YMD) at the 1988 Games. After forming united republic Yemen (YEM) has participated since 1992.
ROC → CHN , TPE The Republic of China was designated as China at the 1932, 1936, and 1948 Games and was representing all of China (including Taiwan). After the Chinese Civil War, the People's Republic of China (CHN) and Chinese Taipei (TPE) have participated as separate teams.
ZZX Special code used by the IOC to refer to medals won by athletes of multiple nations competing together, which was common in early Games (1896–1904). These medals are not included in the respective totals for each nation represented by individual mixed team athletes.
IOA Special code used by the IOC for athletes whose NOC is not recognized by IOC. At the 2000 Summer Olympics four athletes from East Timor competed as Individual Olympic Athletes (IOA). At the 2012 Summer Olympics three athletes from former Netherlands Antilles and one athlete from South Sudan competed as Independent Olympic Athletes (IOA). At the 2016 Summer Olympics nine athletes from Kuwait competed as Independent Olympic Athletes (IOA). Kuwait Olympic Committee had been suspended by the International Olympic Committee (IOC) for the second time in five years due to governmental interference.

text: Name changes notes[edit]

text:
BIZ Belize participated under its former name of British Honduras (HBR) in 1968 and 1972.
BEN Benin was known as Dahomey (DAH) in 1972.
BUR Burkina Faso was known as Upper Volta (VOL) in 1972.
TPE2 After the Chinese Civil War, Chinese Taipei (TPE) participated using the name of the Republic of China at the 1956, 1960, 1972 and 1976 (winter) Games and using Taiwan designation at the 1964 and 1968 Games. In 1979, the IOC started to use Chinese Taipei to refer to the NOC, a compromise that was acceptable for the People's Republic of China (CHN) that led to the start of its participation in the Olympic Games. The name Chinese Taipei was first used in 1984. Participation of the Republic of China, representing all of China (including Taiwan), in 1932, 1936 and 1948 Games are not counted in Taiwan's total participation count.
COD The Democratic Republic of the Congo was known as Zaire (ZAI) between 1984 and 1996.
CIV Côte d'Ivoire was known as Ivory Coast between 1964 and 1988.
EGY Egypt participated as the United Arab Republic (UAR) between 1960 and 1968.
GBR Includes medals won by athletes from the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland (1896–1920) and the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland (1924–present), both of which used the name "Great Britain" and the country code GBR.

GHA Prior to Ghana's independence in 1957, Gold Coast participated in the 1952 Games.
GUY Prior to Guyana's independence in 1966, British Guiana participated from 1948 to 1964.
HKG Totals of Hong Kong (HKG) includes all medals won by athletes representing the Hong Kong National Olympic Committee, designated as "Hong Kong" from 1952–1996 and "Hong Kong, China" since 2000.
MYA Myanmar was known as Burma (BIR) between 1948 and 1988.
SAM Samoa was known as Western Samoa between 1984 and 1996.
SRI Sri Lanka was known as Ceylon (CEY) between 1948 and 1972.
TAN Although Tanganyika and Zanzibar had already merged to form Tanzania in April 1964, the nation was designated Tanganyika in the official report of the 1964 Games.
ZAM Zambia achieved independence on the last day of the 1964 Games, but had participated as Northern Rhodesia (NRH) during those Games.
ZIM Prior to Zimbabwe's independence in 1980, Southern Rhodesia participated as Rhodesia (RHO) in 1928, 1960, and 1964 Games.

text: Participation notes[edit]

text:
A Brunei's participation in the 1988 Games consisted only of a single official, but no competing athletes. This participation is not counted in Brunei's participation total.
B Djibouti at the 2004 Games took part in the Opening Ceremony, but neither athlete competed, so this participation is not counted in Djibouti's participation total.
C Liberia's athletes withdrew from 1980 Games after marching in the Opening Ceremony and took part in the boycott. This participation is not counted in Liberia's participation total.
D Libya marched in the opening ceremony of the 1964 Games, but then withdrew from competition. This participation is not counted in Libya's participation total.
E Suriname at the 1960 Games took part in the Opening Ceremony, but its lone athlete withdrew from Games due to a scheduling error. Participation of Suriname at the 1960 Games not recognized by IOC, so this participation is not counted in Suriname's participation total.

F India's athletes originally competed at the 2014 Games as Independent Olympic Participants and marched under the Olympic Flag during the opening ceremony due to the Indian Olympic Association's suspension. On February 11, 2014, the Indian Olympic Association was reinstated and India's athletes were allowed the option to compete under their own flag from that time onward.
Ia Ib Does not include the participation of Timor-Leste's and Netherlands Antilles's athletes as Individual Olympic Athletes (IOA) at the 2000 Summer Olympics and the 2012 Summer Olympics.
Za Zb Zc Zd Ze Zf Zg Zh Zi Zj Zk Zl Zm Does not include medals won as part of mixed teams with athletes from other nations (1896–1904).

text: Disputed participation notes[edit]

text:
H The Bulgarian Olympic Committee claims that Charles Champaud, a Swiss gymnastics teacher living in Sofia, competed for the nation in 1896. Bulgarian participation at the 1896 Games is recognized by the IOC.
I The Chilean Olympic Committee claims that Luis Subercaseaux Errázuriz, a Chilean diplomat and athlete, competed for the nation in 1896. Chilean participation at the 1896 Games is recognized by the IOC.
J Some sources consider Léon Thiércelin, a fencer who competed at the 1900 Games, of Haitian nationality and therefore the first Olympic appearance by Haiti. Participation of Haiti at the 1900 Games not recognized by the IOC, so this participation is not counted in Haiti's participation total.
K Some sources consider Freydoun Malkom, a fencer who competed at the 1900 Games, of Persian nationality and therefore the first Olympic appearance by Iran. Participation of Iran at the 1900 Games is not recognized by the IOC, so this participation is not counted in Iran's participation total.
L Some sources consider Carlos de Candamo, a fencer who competed at the 1900 Games, of Peruvian nationality and therefore the first Olympic appearance by Peru. Participation of Peru at the 1900 Games is not recognized by the IOC, so this participation is not counted in Peru's participation total.
M Enrico Brusoni's gold medal in the Cycling Men's Points Race at the 1900 Summer Olympics[15] is recognized by the Italian National Olympic Committee, but this race is not recognized by the IOC as a 1900 Summer Olympics event.[16]

N Monaco earned a bronze in the art competitions at the 1924 Summer Olympics.[17] However, medals in art competitions are no longer recognized by the IOC.[18]
Oa Ob Michel Théato, a French athlete who won the gold medal in marathon at the 1900 Games, was born in Luxembourg.[2] The IOC does not recognize Luxembourg participation at the 1900 Games and attributes his medal to France.

The nationalities of many medalists at the 1904 Olympics are disputed as many competitors were recent immigrants to the United States who had not yet been granted US citizenship.

Pa Pb Sources are inconsistent regarding Albert Corey's participation in 1904. Although the Games report refers to Corey as a "Frenchman wearing the colors of the Chicago Athletic Association", the IOC attributes his medal in the marathon to the United States instead of France, and in contradiction, the medal in the four mile team race (that was won by a team of three Americans and Corey) to a mixed team composed of athletes from multiple nations instead of just the United States.
Qa Qb The International Olympic Committee considers Norwegian-American wrestlers Charles Ericksen and Bernhoff Hansen to have competed for the United States; each won a gold medal. In 2012, Norwegian historians however found documentation showing that Ericksen did not receive American citizenship until March 22, 1905, and that Hansen, who was registered as an "alien" as late as 1925, probably never received American citizenship. The historians have therefore petitioned to have the athletes registered as Norwegians.[19][20] In May 2013 it was reported that the Norwegian Olympic Committee had filed a formal application for changing the nationality of the wrestlers in IOC's medal database.[21]
R Bob Fowler, an American marathon runner who competed at the 1904 Games, was a native Newfoundlander, Newfoundland is occasionally listed as a separate country at the 1904 Olympics, and would be listed as an historical NOC without medals.[5] Participation of Newfoundland at the 1904 Games is not recognized by the IOC.
S In 2009, historians from the International Society of Olympic Historians discovered that cyclist Frank Bizzoni formerly thought to be an American athlete was still an Italian citizen when he competed in 1904 being granted US citizenship in 1917.[22][23]


document_title: Pas de deux

question_text: who invented the structure of the classic pas de deux

text: Pas de deux

text: Grand pas de deux[edit]

text: A grand pas de deux is a structured pas de deux that typically has five parts, consisting of an entrée (introduction), an adagio, two variations (a solo for each dancer), and a coda (conclusion).[1] It is effectively a suite of dances that share a common theme, often symbolic of a love story or the partnership inherent in love, with the dancers portraying expressions of affectionate feelings and thoughts between romantic partners.[1][2][3] It is often considered to be the pièce de résistance and bravura highlight of a ballet and is usually performed by a leading pair of principal dancers.[2]

text: Entrée[edit]

text: A grand pas de deux usually begins with an entrée (literally "entrance"), which serves as a short prelude to and also unequivocally denotes the beginning of the dance suite. During the entrée, the dancers first appear on the stage and, typically with great pageantry, acknowledge each other and position themselves near each other in preparation for the subsequent adagio. Depending on the choreography, the ballerina and danseur may enter the stage simultaneously or at different times.

text: Adagio[edit]

text: The adagio or adage (meaning "slowly") part of a grand pas de deux features graceful and elaborate partnering by the dancing pair. In the adagio, the ballerina performs elegant, often slow and sustained movements while the danseur supports her. The danseur, in turn, strives to maintain a display of poise and seemingly effortless strength while providing support for the ballerina. The danseur may support the ballerina in a variety of common ways, including lifting her, holding and steadying her during turns, and offering a steady arm or hand for her to use as a "virtual barre" when she performs balancing feats that would be difficult or impossible without assistance.[1][4] Because of this support the adagio is sometimes called supported adagio.

text:
Examples

Penché

A partnering lift

Pirouettes

text: Variations[edit]

text: Upon completion of the adagio, the dancers separate and each dancer, in turn, takes center stage and performs a variation (a solo dance).[2] In general, the variations are intended to showcase spectacular, acrobatic leaps and turns, as well as the skills and athleticism of the individual dancers. The danseur's variation is usually performed first, followed by the ballerina's variation.

text: Examples

text: Coda[edit]

text: The coda (literally "tail") is the concluding segment of a grand pas de deux. Typically, it is a recapitulation of earlier segments of the grand pas de deux, consisting of elements that are characteristic of the adagio, variations, or both, and ends during a grand musical climax.[2]

text: History[edit]

text: Elements of the grand pas de deux first appeared in the early 18th century as opening acts of operas and ballets in which a couple would perform identical dance steps, sometimes while holding hands. At that time and throughout the Baroque period, ballet partner dancing was evolving to show more dramatic content. For example, in The Loves of Mars and Venus ballet of 1717, Mars (the male dancer) strove to portray gallantry, respect, ardent love and adoration, while Venus showed bashfulness, reciprocal love, and wishful looks.[3]

text: In the late 18th and early 19th centuries a romantic pas de deux emerged that involved closer physical contact, with ballerinas dancing on their toes in the hands of their partners. As the 19th century progressed, the form became a showcase for the skills of the increasingly sophisticated ballerina.

text: The ballets of the late 19th Century—particularly of those of Marius Petipa—introduced the concept of the grand pas de deux, which often served as the climax of a scene or an entire performance. This involved a consistent format of entrée and adagio by a pair of leading male and female dancers, followed by virtuosic solos (first by the male and then the female) and a finale.[3] During the 20th century, the grand pas de deux became more integrated with the story of the ballet, with increasingly acrobatic content.[3]

text: Notable Pas de deux[edit]

text:
White Swan Pas de deux, from the second act of Swan Lake
Black Swan Pas de deux, from the third act of Swan Lake
Bluebird Pas de deux, from the third act of The Sleeping Beauty
Coppélia Grand Pas de deux
Diane and Actéon Pas de deux, from the ballet Le Roi Candaule
Flower Festival in Genzano Pas de deux
La Sylphide Pas de deux
Le Corsaire Pas de deux
Don Quixote Grand Pas de deux
The Nutcracker Grand Pas de deux
Paquita Grand Pas de deux
The Talisman Pas de deux
Harlequinade Pas de deux
La fille mal gardée Pas de deux