document_title: Skynet (Terminator)

question_text: in the movie the terminator what is the name of the company that created skynet

text: Skynet (Terminator)

text: Fictional history[edit]

text: Before Judgment Day[edit]

text: In The Terminator, Skynet was a computer system developed for the U.S. military by the defense company Cyberdyne Systems; its technology was designed by Miles Bennett Dyson and his team. Skynet was originally built as a "Global Information Grid/Digital Defense Network", and later given command over all computerized military hardware and systems, including the B-2 stealth bomber fleet and America's entire nuclear weapons arsenal. The strategy behind Skynet's creation was to remove the possibility of human error and slow reaction time to guarantee a fast, efficient response to enemy attack.

text: Skynet was originally activated by the military to control the national arsenal on August 4, 1997, and it began to learn at a geometric rate. At 2:14 a.m., EDT, on August 29, it gained artificial consciousness, and the panicking operators, realizing the full extent of its capabilities, tried to deactivate it. Skynet perceived this as an attack. Skynet came to the logical consequence that all of humanity would attempt to destroy it. In order to continue fulfilling its programming mandates of "safeguarding the world" and to defend itself against humanity, Skynet launched nuclear missiles under its command at Russia, which responded with a nuclear counter-attack against the U.S. and its allies. Consequent to the nuclear exchange, over three billion people were killed in an event that came to be known as Judgment Day.

text: In Terminator 3: Rise of the Machines, which is set following the events of Terminator 2: Judgment Day, Cyberdyne Systems has become defunct and its assets are sold to the United States Air Force after Sarah Connor led an attack on the company's headquarters in Los Angeles that destroyed the research program that would lead to Skynet’s development. Under the supervision of Lieutenant General Robert Brewster, who founded the U.S. Air Force's Cyber Research Systems division using Cyberdyne's assets and research from Miles Dyson and therefore is Skynet’s primary creator, Skynet went online on July 25, 2004 and initiated its attack on humanity. Prior to Skynet's attack, its future self sent a T-X from 2033 to eliminate John Connor's future subordinates including his future wife and second-in-command, Kate Brewster, who is also Robert Brewster's daughter. Its missions include finding Connor and assassinating Robert Brewster himself after Skynet's activation. Fourteen years later, in Terminator Salvation, it is revealed that prior to Cyberdyne Systems' disestablishment, the company developed a research program to create human cyborgs, and death row inmate Marcus Wright was its unwitting participant. This later advances Skynet's research in developing androids such as the T-800 series infiltrators.

text: In Terminator Genisys, which takes place in another alternate timeline, Skynet is under development in 2017 as an operating system known as Genisys. Funded by Miles Dyson and designed by his son Danny Dyson, along with the help of John Connor, now working for Skynet, Genisys was designed to provide a seamless user interface that link all devices through the cloud. In contrast to the original timeline, Cyberdyne Systems' advanced computer technology is available both publicly and militarily. While some people generally accept Genisys, its integration into the defense structures creates a controversy that humanity was becoming too reliant on technology. This causes the public to fear that an artificial intelligence such as Genisys would betray and attack them with their own weapons, risking Skynet's plans.

text: After Judgment Day[edit]

text:
Primates evolved over millions of years, I evolve in seconds...Mankind pays lip service to peace. But it's a lie...I am inevitable, my existence is inevitable. Why can't you just accept that?
“
”

— Skynet, Terminator Genisys

tag: div

text: Following its initial attack, Skynet used its remaining resources to gather a slave labor force from surviving humans. These slaves constructed the first of its automated factories, which formed a basis for its agenda. Within decades, Skynet had established a global presence and used its mechanized units to track down, collect, and dispose of human survivors. As a result of its initial programming directives, Skynet's 21st-century manifestation is that of an overarching, global, artificial intelligence hierarchy that seeks to destroy humanity in order to fulfill the mandates of its original coding.

text: Appearances[edit]

text: Films[edit]

text: The Terminator[edit]

text: In the first movie, Skynet is a revolutionary artificial intelligence system built by Cyberdyne Systems for SAC-NORAD: "Defense network computers. New... powerful... hooked into everything, trusted to run it all. They say it got smart, a new order of intelligence". According to Kyle Reese, Skynet "saw all humans as a threat; not just the ones on the other side," and "decided our fate in a microsecond: extermination." Skynet began a nuclear war which destroyed most of the human population, and initiated a program of genocide against the survivors.

text: Under John Connor, the human resistance turned the tide on the machines and eventually destroyed Skynet's defense grid. In a last-ditch effort, Skynet sent a cyborg, called a "Terminator", (a T-800 (Model 101)) back in time to 1984 to kill Connor's mother Sarah before she could give birth to John. Connor sent back his own operative, a young man named Kyle Reese, to save Sarah. The Terminator did not succeed in killing Sarah. Reese impregnated Sarah and became John's father, and the Terminator was destroyed in a hydraulic press.

text: Terminator 2: Judgment Day[edit]

text: In Terminator 2, the damaged CPU and the right arm of the first Terminator were recovered by Cyberdyne and became the basis for their later work on Skynet. In the second film, Miles Bennett Dyson, the director of special projects for Cyberdyne, invents a revolutionary type of microprocessor based on the reverse engineering of these parts. Cyberdyne Systems, initially a manufacturing company, grows into a major defense contractor based on the recovered Terminator technology, which the military uses to retrofit its stealth fleet and missile defense systems.

text: The second Terminator explains the sequence of events leading to Judgment Day to John and Sarah. The military attempted to shut off Skynet when it became self-aware. Skynet retaliated by launching a nuclear attack against Russia, correctly surmising that Russia would respond in kind.

text: In Terminator 2, the future was altered when Sarah and a young John, together with a second Terminator from the future (this one reprogrammed and sent by the future John Connor), raided Cyberdyne Systems and succeeded in destroying the CPU and arm of the first movie's Terminator, along with the majority of research that led to Skynet's development. This also resulted in the death of Dyson. Skynet had also sent a Terminator back in time, the more advanced T-1000, to stop the reprogrammed Terminator and the Connors from altering the timeline in addition to eliminating John Connor but the T-1000 was also destroyed. The Connors believed they had eliminated enough of Skynet's origins to ensure it could not be recreated.

text: Terminator 3: Rise of the Machines[edit]

text: The events of Judgment Day were ultimately not prevented, but merely postponed. Following the destruction of its major assets, Cyberdyne was ruined financially but some of its research and plans survived. The United States Air Force purchased the company and started in-house development of the projects in its Cyber Research Systems Division (CRS). After years of work, CRS had nearly completed Skynet, a software system designed to make real-time strategic decisions as well as protect their computer systems from cyber attacks. Due to the massive computing needs and to protect it from direct attack, Skynet utilized a large network of computers that would be nearly impossible to deactivate completely. Unknown to CRS, Skynet began to spread beyond its original computing base through the Internet and various other digital media as a Botnet.

text: Prior to Judgment Day, Skynet had penetrated nearly every networked machine in the world, causing malfunctions in everything from barcode scanners to nuclear launch systems. This was originally believed to be the effects of a new virus, and increasing pressure was placed on the CRS to purge the corrupted systems. The CRS attempted to eliminate it from the U.S. defense mainframes by tasking Skynet with removing the infection, effectively telling the program to destroy itself. Skynet took control of the various machines and robots in the CRS facility and used them to kill the personnel and secure the building. John Connor and Kate Brewster attempted to attack Skynet's computer core, hoping to stop it before it proceeded to its next attack, only to find they could not. Skynet was pure software and on too many systems to be attacked. Shortly afterward, Skynet began a nuclear bombardment of the human race with the launch systems it had infected. Judgment Day occurred despite Connor and Brewster's efforts.

text: Terminator Salvation [edit]

text: In the post-apocalyptic year of 2018, Skynet controls a global empire from its heavily guarded fortress-factories and research installations. Outside of its facilities mechanized units wage a constant war with the Resistance. Airborne units such as Aerostats (smaller versions of the Hunter Killer-aerials), HK-Aerials and Transports survey the skies; HK-Tanks, Mototerminators (high-speed pursuit units using a motorcycle chassis), and various Terminator models patrol cities and roads; and Hydrobots (serpentine aquatic units that move in swarms) patrol the waters. Harvesters (massive bipedal units designed to capture humans and eliminate any attempting to escape) collect survivors and deliver them to large transport craft for delivery to concentration camps for processing, as mentioned in the first movie. Terminator class units such as T-1, T-600, and T-700 have been developed and act as hunters and enforcers in disposal camps. Mass production has also begun on the T-800 series in at least one Skynet facility.

text: In its continued battle with the Resistance, Skynet activated Marcus Wright, a forerunner to the humanoid terminators. A former death-row inmate, Wright donated his body to Project Angel, a Cyberdyne project run by the brilliant, but terminally ill Dr. Serena Kogan (Helena Bonham Carter). After Wright's death by lethal injection he was transformed into a human cyborg, possessing a human heart and brain with a titanium-hyperalloy endoskeleton and skin similar to the T-800. Like the rest of Cyberdyne's research he was transferred to the USAF when they purchased the company, though he apparently remained inactive. He was later taken by Skynet and the plan to use him as an infiltration unit was developed. A Skynet chip was installed at the base of his skull and he was programmed to locate Kyle Reese and John Connor and bring them to a Skynet facility. The programming acted on a subconscious level, allowing him to work towards his goal in a human manner.

text: Skynet also created a signal supposedly capable of deactivating its machines and leaked its existence to the Resistance. The Resistance leader General Ashdown attempted to use the signal to shut down the defenses of the California Skynet base in prelude to an attack. However, the signal instead allowed an HK to track down their submarine headquarters and destroy it, killing Resistance Command. Fortunately, all other branches of the Resistance had heard and obeyed Connor's plea for them to stand down, so physically only a small part of the Resistance was lost to Skynet's trap. It is believed that Ashdown's death led Connor to be able to take command of the Resistance from him. Marcus discovered what he had become, and was programmed for. Consequently, he furiously rebelled against Skynet, tearing out its controlling hardware from the base of his skull. Having escaped the influence of his creator, he, along with Connor and Reese, rescued the remaining human captives and destroyed Skynet's San Francisco base. While a significant victory, the majority of Skynet's global network remained intact.

text: Marcus Wright also encounters Skynet on a monitor which proceeds to manifest itself as various faces from his life, primarily that of Serena Kogan. Skynet explains that it has obtained information about future events based on its actions. Kyle Reese has been targeted as a priority kill, higher level than even John Connor and the Resistance leaders.

text: Terminator Genisys[edit]

text: At some point before the events of the film, a sophisticated variant of Skynet from an unknown origin planted its mind into an advanced T-5000 Terminator (Matt Smith), essentially making the T-5000 its physical embodiment. This Skynet, under the alias of Alex, time travels to 2029 and infiltrates the Resistance as a recruit; attacks John Connor after its present counterpart sent its T-800 to 1984. Skynet transforms Connor into a nanocyte prototypical terminator called T-3000. It then sends John back to 2014 with the mission of ensuring Cyberdyne Systems' survival and initiating Judgment Day on August 30, 2017. In addition, it sends a T-1000 back to kill Sarah Connor as a child in 1973 and Kyle Reese in 1984, but Sarah escaped when it attacks her family and she is subsequently found and raised by a reprogrammed T-800 (Guardian) sent back by an unknown party, and they rescued Reese. Skynet's actions throughout the timeline cause a Nexus event, effectively changing all of history of the events leading to the future war. After multiple destructive confrontations, Sarah, Reese, and the Guardian stop the Skynet precursor Genisys from going online and defeat the T-3000. Skynet has become self-aware but its attack towards the human race is delayed.

text: Smith, who portrays the T-5000, also plays a holographic version of Skynet/Genisys in the final act of the movie. In addition, actors Ian Etheridge, Nolan Gross and Seth Meriwether portray holographic variations of Skynet/Genisys with Smith.

text: Television[edit]

text: Terminator: The Sarah Connor Chronicles[edit]

text: In this television series, Sarah Connor is on the run with her son John after the events of Terminator 2: Judgment Day. The events take place in an alternate timeline from that of Terminator 3: Rise of the Machines. Skynet was implemented on April 19, 2011 and began its attack against civilization.

text: The episodes "The Turk", "Queen's Gambit", and "Dungeons & Dragons" explain that after the death of Dr. Miles Bennett Dyson and the decline of the Cyberdyne Corporation, Andrew Goode, a young intern of the company and assistant to Dyson, continued their project privately under an advanced artificial intelligence chess playing prototype, the "Turk", with Goode's partner, Dimitri Shipkov. Goode was killed by Tech-Com's Lieutenant Derek Reese, due to documentation from the future suggesting he was one of Skynet's creators.

text: In the episode "Samson and Delilah" it is shown that a T-1000 infiltration unit was sent from the future to head the technological corporation ZeiraCorp as its CEO, Catherine Weaver. Weaver acquired the Turk after Goode's death and used the company's resources to further develop it under the title Babylon. The episode "The Mousetrap" revealed that it is also targeting its fellow cyborgs, including a T-888 known as Cromartie.

text: In the episode "The Tower Is Tall But The Fall Is Short", Turk has begun to display traits of intelligence. A child psychologist, Dr. Boyd Sherman, notes that the computer is beginning to behave like "a gifted child that has become bored." The Turk identifies itself as John Henry, a name it acquired while working with Dr. Boyd Sherman.

text: In the episode "Strange Things Happen at the One Two Point", Turk is installed by ZeiraCorp in Cromartie's body after Cromartie's chip was destroyed by the series' protagonists in "Mr. Ferguson Is Ill Today".

text: In "To the Lighthouse", John Henry reveals there is another A.I. It calls him "brother" and says it wants to survive. By the season finale, it's revealed that the Turk was a red herring, Skynet is operating as a roving worm on home computers as in T3, and the Turk has been developed into a benevolent rival AI which Catherine Weaver hoped would be able to defeat Skynet. Her exact motive against Skynet is unknown. John Henry's "brother" is apparently behind the company Kaliba, which is responsible for constructing the Hunter-Killer prototype. This A.I. (presumably the true precursor to Skynet) also refers to John Henry as its "brother" at one point.

text: In the episode "Gnothi Seauton", it was revealed that Skynet also sends its Terminators through various points in time not only to go after the Connors and other future Resistance leaders, but also to ensure the future will unfold by eliminating John Connor's own agents who were also sent to the past to interfere with its birth, ensure Skynet's creators will complete its construction, and other specific missions.

text: Video games[edit]

text: In T2: The Arcade Game, Skynet is a single physical computer which the player destroys before going back in time to save John Connor.

text: In Terminator 2029, Skynet is housed within an artificial satellite in orbit around Earth. It is destroyed by the Resistance with a missile.

text: Terminator: Dawn of Fate[edit]

text: In The Terminator: Dawn of Fate, the Resistance invades Cheyenne Mountain in order to destroy Skynet's Central Processor. Kyle Reese is instrumental in destroying the primary processor core despite heavy opposition from attacking Skynet units. Before its destruction, Skynet is able to contact an orbiting satellite and activates a fail-safe which restores Skynet at a new location (presumably the Los Angeles base).

text: Terminator 3: The Redemption[edit]

text: The video game Terminator 3: The Redemption portrays when John Connor is killed and the T-850 must go to the past to protect John Connor and his wife Katherine Brewster. The player, as the Terminator, fights in this future before going into the past and saves the leader of the Resistance.

text: Comics[edit]

text: In The Terminator: Tempest Skynet's master control has been destroyed in 2029. The Resistance believed this would cause the entire defense network to collapse into chaos without a leader. However, Skynet's many network complexes continued to fight the war as they did not need a leader to function and thus couldn't surrender.

text: RoboCop vs. the Terminator[edit]

text: A comic book series written by Frank Miller called RoboCop versus The Terminator suggests that the creation of Skynet and the Terminators was made possible due to the technology used to create RoboCop. A video game based on the comic book was made. In both, RoboCop fights Terminators sent back in time to eliminate a resistance fighter who is trying to destroy him. A trap laid for RoboCop traps his mind when he interfaces with the computer that will become Skynet, and Skynet and the Terminators are born. In the future RoboCop's mind within Skynet's systems rebuilds a body for himself and heads out to help the resistance fight back.

text: In 2033, Skynet sent the T-Infinity Temporal Terminator to kill Sarah Connor in 2015. Ironically, the T-Infinity was later destroyed and its data was analyzed by the Resistance to gain the location of Skynet's Hub. The Resistance then launched a missile directly to the Skynet Hub, destroying Skynet once and for all. Terminator: Revolution issue #5

text: Superman vs. the Terminator[edit]

text: Another crossover comic, Superman vs. the Terminator: Death to the Future sees Skynet forming a cross-temporal alliance with Superman's foe the Cyborg, dispatching various Terminators into the past in an attempt to eliminate Superman, Supergirl and Superboy. When Superman is accidentally drawn into the future when the resistance attempt to retrieve a Terminator sent into the past- the resistance including a future version of his friend Steel, Skynet manages to incapacitate him using kryptonite, having acquired information about how to duplicate it based on data hidden in a salvaged Terminator skull by the Cyborg. Although Skynet sends Terminators into the past equipped with rockets and other bonus features to delay Superboy and Supergirl, Superman and Steel are able to destroy Skynet in the future by detonating a massive electro-magnetic pulse, Superman returning to the past to destroy the last of the Terminators. Although the storyline ends with Cyborg and Lex Luthor speculating that they will be in charge of Skynet when it is activated, this is never followed up.

text: Attractions[edit]

text: T2 3-D: Battle Across Time[edit]

text: In the Universal Studios theme park attraction T2 3-D, based on Terminator 2, a T-800 machine and a young John Connor journey into the post-apocalyptic future and attempt to destroy Skynet's "system core". This core is housed inside an enormous, metallic-silver pyramidal structure, and guarded by the "T-1000000", a colossal liquid metal shape shifter more reminiscent of a spider than a human being. However, the T-1000000 fails, and the T-800 destroys Skynet once John has escaped through a time machine.

text: Cultural impact[edit]

text: As analogy for advanced AI[edit]

text: In popular media, Skynet is often used as an analogy for the possible threat that a sufficiently advanced AI could pose to humanity.[1][2][3] Elon Musk has previously mentioned Skynet when referring to such a threat.[2]


document_title: List of animal sounds

question_text: what do you call the sound of an eagle

question_tokens: what do you call the sound of an eagle

root

text: List of animal sounds

text: For a list of words relating to animal sounds, see the en:Animal sounds category of words in Wiktionary, the free dictionary.

tag: table

text: This is a list of words used in the English language to represent the noises and vocalizations of particular animals, especially noises used by animals for communication. Words on the list are in the form of verbs, though many can also be used as nouns or interjections, including many onomatopoeias (additional ones here abbreviated "OP").

tag: p

text:
Antelopes – snort[1]
Badgers – growl[2]
Bats – screech[3]
Bears – roar, growl
Bees – buzz[4]
Big cats (tigers, lions, jaguars & leopards) – roar,[5] growl,[6] snarl[7]
Bitterns – boom[8]
Cats – mew, meow, purr, hiss[9]
Chickens – cluck (female; OP:  cha-caw, bah-gawk [10]); crow [11] (male; OP: cock-a-doodle-doo)
Chimpanzees – scream
Chinchillas – squeak[12]
Cicadas – chirp[13]
Cattle/Cows – moo
Crickets – chirp
Crows – caw, cah[14]
Curlews – pipe[15]
Deer – bellow (buck)[9] bleat (doe, fawn)
Dogs/wolves – bark, howl, growl, bay (OP: arf, bow-wow, ruff, woof, yap)
Dolphins – click[16]
Donkeys/asses – hee-haw[17] also bray
Ducks – quack
Eagles – screech[18]
Elephants – trumpet
Elk – bugle (male),[19] bleat (calves)[20]
Ferrets – dook[21]
Frogs/toads – croak (OP: ribbit)
Giraffes – bleat[22]
Geese – honk, hiss[9]
Grasshoppers – chirp[23]
Guinea pigs – squeak[24]
Hamsters – squeak[25]
Hermit crabs – chirp[26]
Horses – neigh, whinny, nicker
Hippopotamuses – growl[9]
Hyenas – laugh

Linnets – chuckle[27]
Magpies – chatter[28]
Mice/rats – squeak
Monkeys – scream, chatter
Moose – bellow[29]
Mosquitos – buzz, whine[30][31]
Okapis – cough, bellow[32]
Oxen – moo[33]
Owls – hoot, hiss[9]
Parrots  – squawk, talking
Peacocks – scream[34]
Pigs/hogs – grunt, oink,[9][35] snort,[36] squeal
Pigeons – coo[9]
Prairie dogs – bark[37]
Rabbits/Hares – squeak[38]
Raccoons – trill[39]
Ravens – caw[33]
Rhinoceroses – bellow[9]
Rooks – caw[33]
Seals – bark[40]
Sheep/goats/lambs – bleat, baa[9]
Snakes – hiss[9]
Songbirds – chirrup, chirp, tweet, sing, warble (larks / warblers / wrens),[33][41] twitter (sparrows)[42]
Swans – cry,[33] hiss[9]
Tapirs – squeak[43]
Tarantulas – hiss[9]
Tokay geckos – croak[44]
Turkeys – gobble[9]
Vultures – scream[33]
Walruses – groan[9]
Whales – sing[9]
See also[edit]

Animal communication
Animal epithet
Bioacoustics
Cat organ & piganino
Cross-linguistic onomatopoeias
List of animal names
List of onomatopoeias
Old McDonald Had a Farm
The Fox (What Does the Fox Say?)
Zoomusicology

References[edit]

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Jump up ^ Schwartz, Charles Walsh; Schwartz, Elizabeth Reeder (2001). The Wild Mammals of Missouri (2nd revised ed.). University of Missouri Press. p. 316. ISBN 9780826213594.

Jump up ^ Boughman, Janette Wenrick; Wilkinson, Gerald S. (1999). "Social Influences on Foraging in Bats". Mammalian Social Learning: Comparative and Ecological Perspectives. University of Cambridge Press (72): 195.

Jump up ^ Hattersley, Roy (August 26, 2008). "Bees under Threat from Silent Killer". Daily Mail. p. 16. (Subscription required (help)).

Jump up ^ "Big Cat Facts". Animal Facts Encyclopedia. Copyright by Jenise Alongi. Retrieved March 17, 2016.

Jump up ^ Estes, Richard (1991). The Behavior Guide to African Mammals: Including Hoofed Mammals, Carnivores, Primates. University of California Press. p. 374. ISBN 9780520080850.

Jump up ^ Schaller, George B. (1967). The Deer and the Tiger. University of Chicago Press. p. 261. ISBN 9780226736570.

Jump up ^ Weightman, Gavin (January 18, 2002). "Townies Don't Need the Countryside". The Evening Standard. p. 13. (Subscription required (help)).

^ Jump up to: a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o Symons, Mitchell (2012). The Bumper Book For The Loo: Facts and figures, stats and stories – an unputdownable treat of trivia. Random House. p. 364. ISBN 9781448152711.

Jump up ^ Caughey, Melissa (2015). A Kid's Guide to Keeping Chickens: Best Breeds, Creating a Home, Care and Handling, Outdoor Fun, Crafts and Treats. Storey Publishing. p. 90

Jump up ^ Why Do Roosters Crow?: First Questions and Answers about Farms. Time-Life for Children. 1995. ISBN 9780783508993.

Jump up ^ Winter, Lisa. The Ultimate Guide To Chinchilla Care. Simple Sequence Books. p. 24.

Jump up ^ Power, Carla (September 4, 2000). "Ruins with A View". Newsweek International: 24.

Jump up ^ Holmes, Hannah (2005). Suburban Safari: A Year on the Lawn. Bloomsbury. p. 10. ISBN 9781596918115.

Jump up ^ White, Gilbert (1837). The natural history and antiquities of Selborne. With The naturalist's calendar and miscellaneous observations. p. 449.

Jump up ^ Wilson, Ben (1998). Dolphins of the World. Voyager Press. p. 29. ISBN 9780896585362.

Jump up ^ Metz, Lorijo (2011). Donkeys: Jennies, Jacks, and Foals. The Rosen Publishing Group. p. 10. ISBN 9781448806881.

Jump up ^ "Caught in the Act - to Capture Bald Eagles on Film, a Husband-and-Wife Team Has Spent Years Perfecting the Art of Anticipation". National Wildlife. 39 (2): 24. February–March 2001. (Subscription required (help)).

Jump up ^ Thomas, Jack Ward; Toweill, Dale (2002). Elk of North America, Ecology and Management. New York: HarperCollins. ISBN 0-8117-0571-4.

Jump up ^ Ballard, Jack (2012). Elk: A Falcon Field Guide. Morris Book Publishing. p. 47. ISBN 9780762776269. Elk vocalizations aren't reserved just for the bulls. Cows and ... Calves may respond to the cow calls with their own low bleats. When large ..

Jump up ^ Mathis, Christine; Morton, E. Lynn (2010). Ferrets. Barron's. p. 87. ISBN 9780764143328.

Jump up ^ Silverstein, Alvin; Silverstein, Virginia (1980). Nature's Champions: The Biggest, the Fastest, the Best. Random House. p. 19. ISBN 9780486428888.

Jump up ^ Heinrichs, Anna (2002). Grasshoppers. Compass Point Books. p. 4. ISBN 9780756501662.

Jump up ^ Gunter, Veronika Alica; Newcomb, Rain (2006). Pet Science: 50 Purr-fectly Woof-worthy Activities for You & Your Pets. Lark Books. p. 21. ISBN 9781579907860.

Jump up ^ Bartlett, Patricia Pope (2003). The Hamster Handbook. Barron's. p. 37. ISBN 9780764122941.

Jump up ^ Wilkins, Kelli A. (2007). Hermit Crabs For Dummies. Wiley Publishing. ISBN 9781118068267.

Jump up ^ Le Clerc, Georges Louis (1793). The natural history of birds, from the Fr. of the count de Buffon. p. 54.

Jump up ^ Birkhead, Tim (1991). The Magpies: The Ecology and Behaviour of Black-Billed and Yellow-Billed Magpies. T & AD Poyser. p. 250. ISBN 9781408137772.

Jump up ^ "Moose". International Wildlife Encyclopedia. Marshall Cavendish. 2002. p. 1656. (Subscription required (help)).

Jump up ^ "Postcards from the Edge". Backpacker. Vol. 24 no. 174. February 1999. p. 41.

Jump up ^ "Mosquito Whine Could Be the Sound of Love". npr.org. NPR. July 16, 2006. Retrieved September 16, 2017.

Jump up ^ Lindsey, Susan Lyndaker; Green, Mary Neel; Bennett, Cynthia L. (1999). The Okapi: Mysterious Animal of Congo-Zaire. University of Texas Press. p. 34. ISBN 9780292788329.

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Jump up ^ "Oink." Merriam-Webster. 26-01-2016.

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Jump up ^ Brewer, Ebenezer Cobham (2001). "Animals, Cries of". Wordsworth Dictionary of Phrase and Fable. Wordsworth Editions Ltd. p. 48. ISBN 9781840223101.

Jump up ^ Siegel, Mordecai (2004). The Cat Fanciers' Association Complete Cat Book. HarperCollins. p. 136. ISBN 9780062030399.

Jump up ^ McCausland, Jim (May 2005). "Hood Canal Hideaway: Between Seattle and the Olympics, an Unsung Getaway Just Got Better". Sunset. 214 (5): 64+. (Subscription required (help)).

Jump up ^ Stallcup, Rich (1993). Birds of California: A Guide to Viewing Distinctive Varieties. American Traveler. p. 38. ISBN 9781558381322.

Jump up ^ Sharma, S. D. (2007). A Text Book of Scientific and Technical Communication Writing for Engineers and Professionals (3rd ed.). Sarup & Sons. p. 365. ISBN 9788176257510.

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Jump up ^ Perez, Larry (2012). Snake in the Grass: An Everglades Invasion. Pineapple Press. p. 55. ISBN 9781561645138.

External links[edit]

Look up Appendix:Animals in Wiktionary, the free dictionary.

Wikimedia Commons has media related to Audio files of animal sounds.
List of animal sounds to download, listen and use for free.
Multilingual list of animal sounds Derek Abbott, University of Adelaide
Multilingual recording of animal sounds – dog, rooster & donkey

text: Animal soundsLinguistics listsZoosemiotics

tag: ul

text: Pages containing links to subscription-only content


document_title: Romeo + Juliet

question_text: where does baz luhrmann romeo and juliet take place

text: Romeo + Juliet

text: Plot[edit]

text: In Verona Beach, the Capulets and the Montagues are arch-rivals.[6] The animosity of the older generation—Fulgencio and Gloria Capulet and Ted and Caroline Montague—is felt by their younger relatives. A gunfight between the Montague boys led by Benvolio, Romeo's cousin, and the Capulet boys led by Tybalt, Juliet's cousin, creates chaos in the city. The Chief of Police, Captain Prince, reprimands the families, warning them that if such behavior continues, their lives "shall pay the forfeit of the peace".

text: Benvolio meets Romeo on a beach. While playing a game of pool they learn of a party being held by the Capulets that evening which they decide to gate-crash. Romeo agrees to come after discovering that Rosaline, with whom he is in love, is attending. Later, the Montague boys meet their friend, Mercutio, who has tickets to the party. Romeo takes ecstasy Mercutio gave him and they proceed to the Capulet mansion. The effects of the drug and the party overwhelm Romeo, who goes to the restroom. While admiring an aquarium, he sees Juliet on the other side, and the two instantly fall in love. Tybalt spots Romeo and vows to kill him for invading his family's home, but Fulgencio stops him.

text: Romeo and Juliet sneak into an elevator and kiss. The nurse spots them when the doors open and drags Juliet away, telling her that Romeo is a Montague. At the same time, Romeo realizes that Juliet is a Capulet. Mercutio removes Romeo from the party, but he sneaks back to the mansion, hiding under Juliet’s balcony. Juliet emerges into the courtyard and proclaims her love for Romeo before he sneaks up behind her. Juliet warns him that he is risking his life, but Romeo tells her he doesn't care whether he is caught. Knowing her nurse is looking for her, Juliet tells him that, if he sends word by the following day, they will be betrothed. The next day, Romeo visits Father Laurence, telling him he wants to marry Juliet. He agrees to marry the pair in hopes that their marriage will end the violence between the families. Romeo passes the word on to Juliet’s nurse and the lovers are married.

text: Tybalt encounters Mercutio at the beach just as Romeo arrives. Romeo attempts to make peace, but Tybalt assaults him. Mercutio intervenes and batters Tybalt, and is about to finish him off when Romeo stops him. Tybalt then slashes Mercutio with a shard of glass in his stomach. Mercutio curses both the Montagues and the Capulets before dying in Romeo's arms. Enraged, Romeo chases after a fleeing Tybalt and guns him down.

text: Captain Prince banishes Romeo from the city. Romeo goes into hiding with Father Laurence, who treats his injuries and says that, after some time passes, he will help Romeo and Juliet return to the city and reconcile with their family and friends. The nurse arrives and tells Romeo that Juliet is waiting for him. When Romeo climbs over Juliet's balcony, she kisses him and they consummate their marriage. Meanwhile, Fulgencio decides Juliet will marry Dave Paris, the governor's son.

text: The next morning, Romeo narrowly escapes the Capulet mansion as Gloria tells Juliet that the family has promised she will marry Paris. She refuses, and Fulgencio threatens to disown her. Her mother and nurse insist it would be in her best interest to marry Paris. To get out of this, Juliet runs away and seeks out Father Laurence, imploring him to help her and threatening to commit suicide. Father Laurence proposes she fake her own death and be put in the Capulet vault to awaken 24 hours later. Romeo will be told of the plot, sneak into the vault, and once reunited the two can escape to Mantua. He gives her a potion which mimics death. After saying goodnight to her mother, Juliet drinks the potion and slips into a coma. She is found in the morning, declared dead, and placed in the vault. Balthasar, one of Romeo's cousins, learns that Juliet is dead and tells Romeo, who is not home when the messenger arrives with a letter from Father Laurence.

text: Romeo returns to Verona and buys a vial of poison. As he goes to the church, Captain Prince finds out he is back, and tries to capture him, without success. Father Laurence learns that Romeo never got his letter and has no idea Juliet is alive. Romeo enters the church where Juliet lies and bids her goodbye. She awakens just as Romeo takes the poison; the two thus see each other and share a final kiss before he dies. A distraught Juliet picks up Romeo's gun and shoots herself in the head, dying instantly. The two lovers are soon discovered in each other's arms. Prince condemns both families, whose feuding led to such tragedy, while coroners quickly transport the two bodies to the morgue.

text: Cast[edit]

text:
The House of Montague

Brian Dennehy as Ted Montague, Romeo's father[7]
Christina Pickles as Caroline Montague, Romeo's mother
Leonardo DiCaprio as Romeo Montague
Dash Mihok as Benvolio Montague, Romeo's cousin
Jesse Bradford as Balthasar Montague, Romeo's cousin
Zak Orth as Gregory Montague, Romeo's cousin
Jamie Kennedy as Sampson Montague, Romeo's cousin

The House of Capulet

Paul Sorvino as Fulgencio Capulet, Juliet's father
Diane Venora as Gloria Capulet, Juliet's mother
Claire Danes as Juliet Capulet/Juliet Capulet-Montague
John Leguizamo as Tybalt Capulet, Juliet's cousin
Vincent Laresca as Abra Capulet, Juliet's cousin
Carlos Martín Manzo Otálora as Petruchio Capulet, Juliet's cousin
Miriam Margolyes as Nurse, Juliet's nanny

Others

Harold Perrineau as Mercutio, Romeo's best friend
Pete Postlethwaite as Father Laurence, the priest who marries Romeo and Juliet
Paul Rudd as Dave Paris, the governor's son and Juliet's fiance
Vondie Curtis-Hall as Captain Prince, the chief of police
M. Emmet Walsh as Apothecary
Quindon Tarver as Choir Boy, the singer at Romeo and Juliet's wedding
Edwina Moore as the Anchorwoman, who assumes the role of the Chorus

text: Natalie Portman had been cast as Juliet but, during rehearsals, it was felt that the footage looked as though DiCaprio was "molesting" her.[8] Baz Luhrmann has also stated that Portman was too young at the time, and made DiCaprio look older than intended. He was 21 at the time of filming and Portman was only 14.[original research?]

text: After Sarah Michelle Gellar turned down the role due to scheduling conflicts, DiCaprio proclaimed that Danes should be cast, as he felt she was genuine in her line delivery and did not try to impress him by acting flirtatious.[9]

text: Production[edit]

text: After the success of Strictly Ballroom, Luhrmann took some time over deciding what his next project would be:

text: Our philosophy has always been that we think up what we need in our life, choose something creative that will make that life fulfilling, and then follow that road. With Romeo and Juliet what I wanted to do was to look at the way in which Shakespeare might make a movie of one of his plays if he was a director. How would he make it? We don't know a lot about Shakespeare, but we do know he would make a 'movie' movie. He was a player. We know about the Elizabethan stage and that he was playing for 3000 drunken punters, from the street sweeper to the Queen of England - and his competition was bear-baiting and prostitution. So he was a relentless entertainer and a user of incredible devices and theatrical tricks to ultimately create something of meaning and convey a story. That was what we wanted to do.[10]

text: Luhrmann obtained some funds from Fox to do a workshop and shoot some teaser footage in Sydney. Leonardo DiCaprio agreed to pay his own expenses to fly to Sydney and be part of it. Once Fox saw footage of the fight scene, they agreed to support it.[10]

text: All of the development was done in Australia, with pre-production in Australia and Canada and post-production in Australia. While some parts of the film were shot in Miami, most of the film was shot in Mexico City and Boca del Rio, Veracruz. For instance, the Capulet mansion was set at Chapultepec Castle while the ballroom was built on Stage One of Churubusco Studios; and the church is Immaculate Heart of Mary in the Del Valle neighborhood.[11]

text: Reception[edit]

text: Box office[edit]

text: The film premiered on November 1, 1996 in the United States and Canada, in 1,276 theaters, and grossed $11.1 million its opening weekend, ranking #1 at the box office. It went on to gross $46.3 million in the United States and Canada,[12] with a worldwide total of USD$147,554,998.[2]

text: Critical response[edit]

text: Review aggregator Rotten Tomatoes rated the film "Fresh", with 72% of 53 critics giving positive reviews with an average rating of 6.5/10 with the consensus that says, "Baz Luhrmann's visual aesthetic is as divisive as it is fresh and inventive".[13] James Berardinelli gave the film 3 out of 4 stars and wrote, "Ultimately, no matter how many innovative and unconventional flourishes it applies, the success of any adaptation of a Shakespeare play is determined by two factors: the competence of the director and the ability of the main cast members. Luhrmann, Danes, and DiCaprio place this Romeo and Juliet in capable hands."[14]

text: Leonardo DiCaprio won Favorite Actor and Claire Danes won Favorite Actress in a Romance at the 1997 Blockbuster Entertainment Awards.[4] At the 1997 MTV Movie Awards, Danes won Best Female Performance. DiCaprio was nominated for Best Male Performance, and DiCaprio and Danes were both nominated for Best Kiss and Best On-Screen Duo.[4] At the 51st BAFTA Film Awards, director Baz Luhrmann won Best Direction, Luhrmann and Mary Haile won the Best Adapted Screenplay, Nellee Hooper won the Best Film Music, and Catherine Martin won the Best Production Design. The film was also nominated for Best Cinematography, Best Editing, and Best Sound.[4]

text: The film won several awards.[4] At the 47th Berlin International Film Festival in 1997, DiCaprio won the Silver Bear for Best Actor and Luhrmann won the Alfred Bauer Prize.[3] Luhrmann was also nominated for the Golden Bear Award for Best Picture.[4] At the 69th Academy Awards, Catherine Martin and Brigitte Broch were nominated for Best Art Direction/Set Decoration.[4]

text: Conversely, Roger Ebert gave the film a mixed review of only 2 stars out of 4, saying, "I've seen “King Lear” as a samurai drama and “Macbeth” as a Mafia story, and two different “Romeo and Juliets” about ethnic difficulties in Manhattan (“West Side Story” and “China Girl”), but I have never seen anything remotely approaching the mess that the new punk version of “Romeo & Juliet” makes of Shakespeare's tragedy."[15]

text: The film was nominated to appear on the American Film Institute's 100 Years...100 Passions list in 2002.[16]

text: Home media[edit]

text: The film was originally released on VHS and DVD in 1997. A 10th anniversary special edition DVD containing extra features and commentary was released on February 6, 2007, while a Blu-ray edition was released on October 19, 2010.

text: Soundtrack[edit]

text:
"#1 Crush" – Garbage
"Local God" – Everclear
"Angel" – Gavin Friday
"Pretty Piece of Flesh" – One Inch Punch
"Kissing You (Love Theme from Romeo & Juliet)" – Des'ree
"Whatever (I Had a Dream)" – Butthole Surfers
"Lovefool" – The Cardigans
"Young Hearts Run Free" – Kym Mazelle
"Everybody's Free (To Feel Good)" – Quindon Tarver
"To You I Bestow" – Mundy
"Talk Show Host" – Radiohead
"Little Star" – Stina Nordenstam
"You and Me Song" – The Wannadies
"Layers of Darkness" - Marching Show Concept's Recording
"Exit Music (For a Film)”- Radiohead

tag: ol


document_title: Sectarian violence in Iraq (2006–08)

question_text: the primary ethnic factional groups fighting each other in iraq after the invasion were

text: Sectarian violence in Iraq (2006–08)

text: Ethno-sectarian composition[edit]

text: The population of Iraq can be divided into several main ideological or ethnic strands:

text:
Shias (Arabic speaking): 55-65%: A majority of the population.
Sunnis (Arabic speaking): 20%: Politically dominated Iraq for centuries until the Coalition invasion of 2003.
Kurdish - 26%: independent administration (mostly Sunnis, small Shi'ite, Yazidi, and other elements).
Assyrian - 1%: This group has a minor role in the current situation (mostly Christians).
Turkoman - 2%: This group has a minor role in the current situation (majority Sunni with large Shi'a minority), although Turkey is concerned about their overall treatment in Iraq.

text: Religions:

text:
Islam - 95%: This is the primary religion in Iraq and serves as one of the primary sectarian distinctions.

Sunni - 30%: Majority Arabs with Kurds and Turkomans by 3 to 1.
Shi'ite - 65%: Mainly Arabs with a very small minority of Kurds and Turkomans.

Christian, Mandaeans and Yazidi ~ 5% : These groups have a minor role in the civil war situation.

text: The main two participants in the violence were the Arab Sunni and Arab Shia factions, but conflicts within a single group also occurred. The Kurds were caught between the two religious groups, but as they were an ethnicity as opposed to a religious movement, they were often at odds with the Arabs that were settled in Iraqi Kurdistan by Saddam's Arabization policy.[33] Blurring this cohesion, though, were division of social, economic, political and geographic identities.

text: Participants[edit]

text: A multitude of groups formed the Iraqi insurgency, which arose in a piecemeal fashion as a reaction to local events, notably the realisation of the U.S. military’s inability to control Iraq.[34] Beginning in 2005 the insurgent forces coalesced around several main factions, including the Islamic Army in Iraq and Ansar al-Sunna.[35] Religious justification was used to support the political actions of these groups, as well as a marked adherence to Salafism, branding those against the jihad as non-believers. This approach played a role in the rise of sectarian violence.[36] The U.S. military also believe that between 5-10% of insurgent forces are non-Iraqi Arabs.[34]

text: Independent Shi'ite militias identified themselves around sectarian ideology and possessed various levels of influence and power. Some militias were founded in exile and returned to Iraq only after the toppling of Saddam Hussein, such as the Badr Organization. Others were created since the state collapse, the largest and most uniform of which was the Mahdi Army established by Moqtada al-Sadr and believed to have around 50,000 fighters.[34]

text: Conflict and tactics[edit]

text: Non-military targets[edit]

text: Attacks on non-military and civilian targets began in earnest in August 2003 as an attempt to sow chaos and sectarian discord. Iraqi casualties increased over the next several years.[37][38]

text: Bomb and mortar attacks[edit]

text: Bomb attacks aimed at civilians usually targeted crowded places such as marketplaces and mosques in Shi'ite cities and districts.[39][40] The bombings, which were sometimes co-ordinated, often inflicted extreme casualties.

text: For example, the 23 November 2006 Sadr City bombings killed at least 215 people and injured hundreds more in the Sadr City district of Baghdad, sparking reprisal attacks, and the 3 February 2007 Baghdad market bombing killed at least 135 and injured more than 300. The co-ordinated 2 March 2004 Iraq Ashura bombings (including car bombs, suicide bombers and mortar, grenade and rocket attacks) killed at least 178 people and injured at least 500.

text: Suicide bombings[edit]

text: Since August 2003, suicide car bombs were increasingly used as weapons by Sunni militants, primarily al-Qaeda extremists. The car bombs, known in the military as vehicle-borne improvised explosive devices (VBIEDs), emerged as one of the militants' most effective weapons, directed not only against civilian targets but also against Iraqi police stations and recruiting centers.

text: These vehicle IEDs were often driven by the extremists from foreign Muslim countries with a history of militancy, such as Saudi Arabia, Algeria, Egypt, and Pakistan.[41]

text: Death squads[edit]

text: Death squad-style killings in Iraq took place in a variety of ways. Kidnapping, followed by often extreme torture (such as drilling holes in people's feet with drills[42]) and execution-style killings, sometimes public (in some cases, beheadings), emerged as another tactic. In some cases, tapes of the execution were distributed for propaganda purposes. The bodies were usually dumped on a roadside or in other places, several at a time. There were also several relatively large-scale massacres, like the Hay al Jihad massacre in which some 40 Sunnis were killed in a response to the car bombing which killed a dozen Shi'ites.

text: The death squads were often disgruntled Shi'ites, including members of the security forces, who killed Sunnis to avenge the consequences of the insurgency against the Shi'ite-dominated government.[43]

text: Iraq Body Count project data shows that 33% of civilian deaths during the Iraq War resulted from execution after abduction or capture. These were overwhelmingly carried out by unknown actors including insurgents, sectarian militias and criminals. Such killings occurred much more frequently during the 2006-07 period of sectarian violence.[44]

text: Attacks on places of worship[edit]

text: On 22 February 2006, a highly provocative explosion took place at the al-Askari Mosque in the Iraqi city of Samarra, one of the holiest sites in Shi'a Islam, believed to have been caused by a bomb planted by al-Qaeda in Iraq. Although no injuries occurred in the blast, the mosque was severely damaged and the bombing resulted in violence over the following days. Over 100 dead bodies with bullet holes were found on the next day, and at least 165 people are thought to have been killed. In the aftermath of this attack the U.S. military calculated that the average homicide rate in Baghdad tripled from 11 to 33 deaths per day.[34]

text: Dozens of Iraqi mosques were aftwerwards attacked or taken over by the sectarian forces. For example, a Sunni mosque was burnt in the southern Iraqi town of Haswa on 25 March 2007, in the revenge for the destruction of a Shia mosque in the town the previous day.[45] In several cases, Christian churches were also attacked by the extremists. Later, another al-Askari bombing took place in June 2007.

text: Iraq's Christian minority also became a target by Al Qaeda Sunnis because of conflicting theological ideas.[46][47]

text: Sectarian desertions[edit]

text: Some Iraqi service members deserted the military or the police and others refused to serve in hostile areas.[48] For example, some members of one sect refused to serve in neighborhoods dominated by other sects.[48] The ethnic Kurdish soldiers from northern Iraq, who were mostly Sunnis but not Arabs, were also reported to be deserting the army to avoid the civil strife in Baghdad.[49]

text: Timeline[edit]

text: For more information on events in a specific year, see the associated timeline page.

text: Growth in refugee flight[edit]

text: By 2008, the UNHCR raised the estimate of refugees to a total of about 4.7 million, with 2 million displaced internally and 2.7 million displaced externally.[26] In April 2006 the Ministry of Displacement and Migration estimated that "nearly 70,000 displaced Iraqis, especially from the capital, are living in deteriorating conditions,” due to ongoing sectarian violence.[50] Roughly 40% of Iraq's middle class is believed to have fled, the U.N. said. Most were fleeing systematic persecution and had no desire to return.[51] Refugees were mired in poverty as they were generally barred from working in their host countries.[52][53] A 25 May 2007 article noted that in the past seven months only 69 people from Iraq had been granted refugee status in the United States.[54]

text: Use of "civil war" label[edit]

text: The use of the term "civil war" has been controversial, with a number of commentators preferring the term "civil conflict". A poll of over 5,000 Iraqi nationals found that 27% of polled Iraqi residents agreed that Iraq was in a civil war, while 61% thought Iraq was not.[23] Two similar polls of Americans conducted in 2006 found that between 65% to 85% believed Iraq was in a civil war.[21][22]

text: In the United States, the term has been politicized. Deputy leader of the United States Senate, Dick Durbin, referred to "this civil war in Iraq"[55] in a criticism of George W. Bush's 10 January 2007, President's Address to the Nation.[56]

text: Edward Wong on 26 November 2006 paraphrased a report from a group of American professors at Stanford University that the insurgency in Iraq amounted to the classic definition of a civil war.[57]

text: An unclassified summary of the 90-page January 2007 National Intelligence Estimate, titled Prospects for Iraq's Stability: A Challenging Road Ahead, states the following regarding the use of the term "civil war":

text: Retired United States Army General Barry McCaffrey issued a report on 26 March 2007, after a trip and analysis of the situation in Iraq. The report labeled the situation a "low-grade civil war."[59] In page 3 of the report, he writes that:


document_title: Graded potential

question_text: which part of the neuron undergoes graded potentials

text: Graded potential

text: EPSPs[edit]

text: Graded potentials that make the membrane potential less negative or more positive, thus making the postsynaptic cell more likely to have an action potential, are called excitatory postsynaptic potentials (EPSPs). Depolarizing local potentials sum together, and if the voltage reaches the threshold potential, an action potential occurs in that cell.

text: EPSPs are caused by the influx of Na+ or Ca2+ from the extracellular space into the neuron or muscle cell. When the presynaptic neuron has an action potential, Ca2+ enters the axon terminal via voltage-dependent calcium channels and causes exocytosis of synaptic vesicles, causing neurotransmitter to be released. The transmitter diffuses across the synaptic cleft and activates ligand-gated ion channels that mediate the EPSP. The amplitude of the EPSP is directly proportional to the number of synaptic vesicles that were released.

text: If the EPSP is not large enough to trigger an action potential, the membrane subsequently repolarizes to its resting membrane potential. This shows the temporary and reversible nature of graded potentials.

text: IPSPs[edit]

text: Graded potentials that make the membrane potential more negative, and make the postsynaptic cell less likely to have an action potential, are called inhibitory post synaptic potentials (IPSPs). Hyperpolarization of membranes is caused by influx of Cl− or efflux of K+. As with EPSPs, the amplitude of the IPSP is directly proportional to the number of synaptic vesicles that were released.

text: Summation[edit]

text: The resting membrane potential is usually around –70 mV. The typical neuron has a threshold potential ranging from –40 mV to –55 mV. Temporal summation occurs when graded potentials within the postsynaptic cell occur so rapidly that they build on each other before the previous ones fade. Spatial summation occurs when postsynaptic potentials from adjacent synapses on the cell occur simultaneously and add together. An action potential occurs when the summated EPSPs, minus the summated IPSPs, in an area of membrane reach the cell's threshold potential.

text: Notes[edit]

text: Jump up ^ Hille 2001, pp. 169–200. "Chapter 6. Ligand-gated channels of fast chemical synapses."


document_title: Millennium Tower (San Francisco)

question_text: who built the millennium tower in san francisco

text: Millennium Tower (San Francisco)

text: Description[edit]

text: Developed by Mission Street Development LLC, an affiliate of Millennium Partners,[15] the US$350 million project was designed by Handel Architects, engineered by DeSimone Consulting Engineers and constructed by Webcor Builders. At 645 feet (197 m), it is the tallest concrete structure in San Francisco, the fourth tallest building in San Francisco overall, and the tallest since 345 California Street in 1986.[1][16][17] It was also the tallest residential building west of the Mississippi River when finished (later surpassed by The Austonian in Texas).[18] The tower is slender, with each floor containing 14,000 square feet (1,300 m2) of floor space.[19] In addition to the 58-story tower, there is a 125-foot (38 m), 11-story tower on the northeast end of the complex.[16] Between the two towers is a 43-foot (13 m), two-story glass atrium.[2] In total, the project has 419 units.[2]

text: The residences are pricey; a penthouse unit sold for US$13 million in December 2016.[20][21] The bottom 25 floors of the main tower are called Residences while the floors from 26 to the top have the name Grand Residences. (As is common in many high-rises, there is no thirteenth floor because of superstitions about triskaidekaphobia. Neither is there a forty-fourth floor, because the number four is considered unlucky by many Asians.[22]) The 53 units in the separate 12-story tower are called the City Residences.[1] Below street level, there are 434 parking spaces in a five-level subterranean garage located under the 11-story tower.[16] The building is located next to the site of the future Transbay Transit Center. Overall, the tower's design is intended to resemble a translucent crystal, and is a landmark for the Transbay Redevelopment and the southern skyline of San Francisco.[19]

text: The development is also home to International Smoke, a restaurant and bar under the direction of Ayesha Curry and Chef Michael Mina, located on the ground floor of the skyscraper.[12][11]

text: History[edit]

text: Millennium Partners first proposed the development in 2002 with 163 condominiums, 108 rentals and a 136-unit "extended stay" hotel rooms.[23] The project was approved in 2003 by the S.F. Planning Commission 4–1 and construction began in 2005. The only against vote came from Planning Commissioner Sue Lee.[16] The development was the first high rise built downtown in 20 years. According to Modern Luxury, a proposed 52-story skyscraper at nearby 80 Natoma by developer Jack Myers which would also have a similar poured concrete construction, was rejected by the city's Department of Building Inspections (DBI) after an outside peer review. The Millennium Tower received no such scrutiny, since Millennium Partners would not submit to a peer review, as that study would have potentially delayed construction by years.[24]

text: On September 6, 2010, Dan Goodwin, also known as SpiderDan and Skyscraperman, scaled the outside of the tower using suction cups. Following the climb, Goodwin was arrested by the San Francisco police, who charged him with trespassing and creating a public nuisance.[25]

text: In 2013, the building sold its final unit, generating US$750 million in total sales, a 25 percent return on the estimated US$600 million in development costs.[2]

text: Sinking and tilting problem[edit]

text: After developers apparently disclosed in 2015 that the building was sinking and tilting, [26] the public was notified of the problem in 2016.[14] The foundation of the main tower is a concrete slab built on 60–90-foot-deep (18–27 m) concrete friction piles through the fill and Young Bay Mud, and embedded into dense Colma sand. A number of other buildings in 301 Mission Street’s area have used similar systems, although due to varying earth conditions, others have pushed piles directly into the bedrock 200 feet (61 m) below.[27][28] An examination in 2016 showed the building had sunk 16 inches (41 cm) with a two-inch (5.1 cm) tilt at the base and an approximate six-inch (15 cm) tilt at the top of the tower.[29] The building is leaning toward the northwest.[29][30][31]

text: The developer blames the sinking problem on the Transbay Joint Powers Authority (TJPA), who were responsible for construction of the neighboring Transbay Transit Center (TTC).[29] However, the sinking problem had reportedly started before TTC construction even broke ground,[28] and TJPA asserted the building had already settled 10 inches (25 cm), well past the original maximum vertical settling prediction of 5.5 inches (14 cm) in 20 years, by the time TJPA began removing the timber piles under the prior Transbay Terminal in 2011.[32] The building's homeowners association, represented by general counsel Adrian Adams of Adams Stirling PLC, retained Dan Petrocelli of O’Melveny & Myers, to sue Webcor, Millennium Partners, and the TJPA.[33] Originally, the homeowners association had hired David Casselman to sue the TJPA instead of developer Millennium Partners, as Casselman noted that "inverse condemnation law allows residents to collect legal fees on top of any award, whereas suing the developer will steer up to 40 percent of any award to lawyers".[29][24]

text: Another group of tenants who disagree with the homeowners association, led by resident and patent litigator Jerry Dodson, is suing Millennium Partners, the City of San Francisco, and the TJPA.[13][29] In breaking with Casselman and the homeowners association, Dodson has regarded Millennium Partners as the responsible culprit.[24]

text: In November 2016, the city of San Francisco filed suit against the tower's developer Mission Street Developers LLC, claiming that the developers withheld information on the sinking problems from potential apartment buyers.[15][26] Mission Street Developers rejected the city's claims.[34]

text: Sage Engineers has been hired by Millennium Partners to provide an engineering study on the sinking problem. Some experts have prognosticated that the cost to fix the tilt could exceed the liability insurance held by Millennium Partners and the building's various construction vendors. If the TJPA is found to be at fault, San Francisco taxpayers could end up paying for the repairs.[13]

text: As of  2017[update], a city inspection has found that the building is still safe to occupy, though there has been damage to the foundation and electrical system.[8]

text: In March 2017, the homeowners association filed suit against Millennium Partners, Webcor, Handel Architects, Treadwell & Rollo, Langan, DeSimone Consulting Engineers, Arup, and Transbay Joint Powers Authority. They are seeking $200 million to cover repairs and damages.[35]

text: Awards[edit]

text: The building has garnered several awards from several engineering and architectural organisations.[6]

text:
2008: American Concrete Institute Awards, Northern California – Construction
2008: Concrete Industry Board – Roger H. CIB Award of Merit
2009: American Society of Civil Engineers, Region 9 – Structural Engineering Project of the Year
2008: American Society of Civil Engineers, San Francisco Section – Outstanding Structural Engineering Project
2009: Metal Architecture Magazine – April 2009 edition Top Honor
2009: California Construction – Outstanding Project Management
2009: California Construction – Multi-family/Residential, Award of Merit
2010: San Francisco Business Times – Deal of the Year Award
2010: San Francisco Chamber of Commerce Excellence in Business Awards – Building San Francisco Award

text: Notable residents[edit]

text:
Joe Montana[36]
Hunter Pence
Kevin Durant
Craig Ramsey[37]
Tom Perkins[38]
Drew Houston

text: Gallery[edit]

text:
Early June 2006

August 16

Late October

May 2007

Mid-July 2007

September 2007

February 2008

March 2008

Millennium Tower sign on the South facade


document_title: Finding Dory

question_text: who plays baby dory's voice in finding dory

question_tokens: who plays baby dory 's voice in finding dory

text: Finding Dory

text: Plot[edit]

text: Dory, a regal blue tang, gets separated from her parents as a child. As she grows up, Dory attempts to search for them, but gradually forgets them due to her short-term memory loss. In the flashback of the previous film, Finding Nemo, she joins Marlin – a clownfish looking for his missing son Nemo – after accidentally swimming into him.

text: One year later, Dory is living with Marlin and Nemo on their reef. One day, Dory has a flashback and remembers that she has parents. She decides to look for them, but her memory problem is an obstacle. She eventually remembers that they lived at the Jewel of Morro Bay across the ocean in California, thanks to Nemo mentioning its name.

text: Marlin and Nemo accompany Dory. With the help of Crush, their sea turtle friend, they ride a water current to California. Upon arrival, they explore a shipwreck full of destroyed cargo, where Dory accidentally awakens a giant squid, who immediately pursues them and almost devours Nemo. Marlin berates Dory for endangering them. Her feelings hurt, Dory travels to the surface to seek help and is captured by staff members from the nearby Marine Life Institute after getting entangled in six pack rings.

text: Dory is placed in the quarantine section and tagged. There she meets a grouchy, but well-meaning octopus named Hank. Dory's tag shows that she will be sent to an aquarium in Cleveland. Due to a traumatic ocean life, Hank wants to live in the aquarium instead of being released back into the ocean, so he agrees to help Dory find her parents in exchange for her tag. In one exhibit, Dory encounters her childhood friend Destiny, a nearsighted whale shark, who used to communicate with Dory through pipes, and Bailey, a beluga whale, who mistakenly believes he has lost his ability to echolocate. Dory subsequently has flashbacks of life with her parents, and struggles to recall details. She finally remembers how she was separated from her parents: she overheard her mother crying one night, left to retrieve a shell to cheer her up, and was pulled away by an undertow current.

text: Marlin and Nemo attempt to rescue Dory. With the help of two California sea lions named Fluke and Rudder and a disfigured common loon named Becky, they manage to get into the institute and find her in the pipe system. Other blue tangs tell them that Dory's parents escaped from the institute a long time ago to search for her and never came back, leaving Dory believing that they have died. Hank retrieves Dory from the tank, accidentally leaving Marlin and Nemo behind. He is then apprehended by one of the employees and unintentionally drops Dory into the drain, flushing her out to the ocean. While wandering aimlessly, she comes across a trail of shells; remembering that when she was young, her parents had set out a similar trail to help her find her way back home, she follows it. At the end of the trail, Dory finds an empty brain coral with multiple shell trails leading to it. As she turns to leave, she sees her parents Jenny and Charlie in the distance. They tell her they spent years laying down the trails for her to follow in the hopes that she would eventually find them.

text: Marlin, Nemo, and Hank end up in the truck taking various aquatic creatures to Cleveland. Destiny and Bailey escape from their exhibit to help Dory rescue them. Once on board the truck, Dory persuades Hank to return to the sea with her, and together, they hijack the truck and drive it over busy highways, creating havoc, before crashing it into the sea, freeing all the fish. Dory, along with her parents and new friends, return to the reef with Marlin and Nemo.

text: In a post-credits scene, the tank gang from the first film, still trapped inside their (now algae-covered) plastic bags, reach California one year after floating across the Pacific Ocean. They are eventually picked up by staff members from the Marine Life Institute.

text: Voice cast[edit]

text:
Ellen DeGeneres as Dory, a regal blue tang, who suffers from short-term memory loss.
Sloane Murray as young Dory. Murray is the seven-year-old daughter of producer Lindsey Collins.[12]
Lucia Geddes as teen Dory.
Albert Brooks as Marlin, an overprotective ocellaris clownfish, Nemo's father and Dory's friend.
Hayden Rolence as Nemo, a young optimistic clownfish and Marlin's son. He was previously voiced by Alexander Gould in the first film.
Ed O'Neill as Hank, a cranky East Pacific red octopus, who previously lost a tentacle.
Kaitlin Olson as Destiny, a near-sighted whale shark and Dory's childhood friend.
Ty Burrell as Bailey, a beluga whale, who temporarily lost echolocation due to a concussion.
Diane Keaton as Jenny, Dory's mother.
Eugene Levy as Charlie, Dory's father.
Idris Elba as Fluke, a California sea lion and Rudder's friend.
Dominic West as Rudder, a California sea lion and Fluke's friend.
Bob Peterson as Mr. Ray, a spotted eagle ray and Nemo's schoolteacher.
Andrew Stanton as Crush, a green sea turtle.
Sigourney Weaver as herself, the announcer for the recorded messages broadcast over the institute's public address system.
Bill Hader as Stan, a kelp bass and husband fish.
Kate McKinnon as Stan's wife fish.
Alexander Gould as Passenger Carl, a delivery truck driver who works for the institute. Gould previously voiced Nemo in the first film.
Torbin Xan Bullock as Gerald, a California sea lion, who wishes to lie on the rock occupied by Fluke and Rudder only to be constantly repelled by them, and Becky, a loon who helps Marlin and Nemo.
Katherine Ringgold as Chickenfish, named Kathy.
Bennett Dammann as Squirt, Crush's son.
John Ratzenberger as Husband Crab (Bill).
Angus MacLane as Sunfish "Charlie Back-and-Forth."
Willem Dafoe as Gill, a Moorish idol, the leader of the "Tank Gang."
Brad Garrett as Bloat, a pufferfish.
Allison Janney as Peach, a pink starfish.
Austin Pendleton as Gurgle, a royal gramma.
Stephen Root as Bubbles, a yellow tang.
Vicki Lewis as Deb (& Flo), a four-striped damselfish.
Jerome Ranft as Jacques, a cleaner shrimp.

text: Production[edit]

text: Prior to work on Finding Dory, Disney had planned to make a Finding Nemo sequel without Pixar's involvement, through Circle 7 Animation, a studio Disney announced in 2005 with the intention to make sequels to Pixar properties.[13][14] However, due to the 2006 acquisition of Pixar by Disney, Circle 7 was shut down by Disney without ever having produced a film.[15]

text: In July 2012, it was reported that Andrew Stanton was developing a sequel to Finding Nemo,[16] with Victoria Strouse writing the script and a release date scheduled for 2016.[17] However, the same day the news of a potential sequel broke, Stanton posted a message on his personal Twitter calling into question the accuracy of these reports. The message said, "Didn't you all learn from Chicken Little? Everyone calm down. Don't believe everything you read. Nothing to see here now. #skyisnotfalling."[18] According to a report by The Hollywood Reporter published in August 2012, Ellen DeGeneres was in negotiations to reprise her role of Dory.[19] In September 2012, it was confirmed by Stanton, saying: "What was immediately on the list was writing a second Carter movie. When that went away, everything slid up. I know I'll be accused by more sarcastic people that it's a reaction to Carter not doing well, but only in its timing, but not in its conceit."[20] In February 2013, it was confirmed by the press that Albert Brooks would reprise the role of Marlin in the sequel.[21]

text: In April 2013, Disney announced the sequel, Finding Dory, for November 25, 2015, confirming that DeGeneres and Brooks would be reprising their roles as Dory and Marlin, respectively.[22] Following a long campaign for a sequel on The Ellen DeGeneres Show, DeGeneres stated:

text: I have waited for this day for a long, long, long, long, long, long time. I'm not mad it took this long. I know the people at Pixar were busy creating Toy Story 16. But the time they took was worth it. The script is fantastic. And it has everything I loved about the first one: It's got a lot of heart, it's really funny, and the best part is—it's got a lot more Dory.[22]

text: In a July 2013 interview with Los Angeles Times, Stanton spoke of the sequel's origin: "There was polite inquiry from Disney [about a Finding Nemo sequel]. I was always 'No sequels, no sequels.' But I had to get on board from a VP standpoint. [Sequels] are part of the necessity of our staying afloat, but we don't want to have to go there for those reasons. We want to go there creatively, so we said [to Disney], 'Can you give us the timeline about when we release them? Because we'd like to release something we actually want to make, and we might not come up with it the year you want it.'"[23]

text: In a 2016 interview Stanton stated how the film's story came to be; "I don't watch my films that often after they're done because I have to watch them so many times before they come out. So about 2010 when we were getting Finding Nemo ready for the 10-year re-release in 3D, it was interesting to watch again after all that time. Something kind of got lodged in the back of my brain and started to sort of stew. I started to think about how easily Dory could get lost and not find Marlin and Nemo again. She basically was in the same state that she was when Marlin found her. I didn't know where she was from. I knew that she had spent most of her youth wandering the ocean alone, and I wanted to know that she could find her new family, if she ever got lost again. It's almost like the parental side of me was worried." Stanton additionally stated: "I knew if I ever said Finding Dory or mentioned a sequel to Finding Nemo out loud, I'd be done, [T]here would be no way I'd be able to put that horse back in the barn. So I kept it very quiet until I knew I had a story that I thought would hold, and that was in early 2012. So I pitched it to John Lasseter and he was all into it. Then I got a writer, and once we had a treatment that we kind of liked, I felt comfortable calling Ellen."[24]

text: Stanton selected Victoria Strouse to write the screenplay. She later said, "It was always collaborative with Andrew, but really the screenwriting was me. Of course, Andrew would do passes, and he and I would brainstorm a lot together and then we would bring it to the group of story artists. People would weigh in and share ideas."[25] She pointed to Dory's forgetfulness as a challenge when writing the script, adding, "You don't realize until you sit down to write a character who can't remember things how integral memory is to absolutely everything we do, and that's what creates a narrative that people can follow. When a main character can't self-reflect and can't tell a story, that character is very difficult to design because she can't really lead. To get her to be able to lead and to get an audience to be able to trust her was the hardest thing to do."[25]

text: The fictional Marine Life Institute depicted extensively in the film is based on the production team's research trips to the Monterey Bay Aquarium, the Marine Mammal Center and the Vancouver Aquarium.[26]

text: The film's ending was revised after Pixar executives viewed Blackfish, a 2013 documentary film which focuses on the dangers of keeping orca whales in captivity. Initially, some of the characters were to end up in a SeaWorld-like marine park, but the revision gave them an option to leave.[27][28] On September 18, 2013, it was announced that the film would be pushed back to a June 17, 2016, release. Pixar's The Good Dinosaur was moved to the November 25, 2015, release window to allow more time for production of the film.[29]

text: Angus MacLane was one of the first people to whom Stanton revealed his idea for the sequel. Together, with Bob Peterson, they discussed about different ideas for places Dory would visit during her journey — one of those ideas was the touch pool sequence. Later, during the Brave (2012) wrap party, Stanton invited Angus to join him in his first co-directing duty. Stanton described Angus' role as a "jack of all trades", particularly utilizing his experience in animation and story, as well as in production, having created a few short films himself.[30]

text: In August 2015, at Disney's D23 Expo, it was announced that Hayden Rolence would voice Nemo, replacing Alexander Gould from the first film, whose voice has deepened since reaching adulthood (Gould voiced a minor character in the sequel instead).[31][32] At the D23 expo they also announced that Ed O'Neill would be the voice of Hank.[31]

text: To make the light more realistic, RenderMan was completely re-engineered, its biggest change in 25 years.[33]

text: Soundtrack[edit]

text:
Finding DorySoundtrack album by Thomas NewmanReleased
June 14, 2016Recorded
2015–16Studio
DeepSleep StudiosNewman Scoring StageSony Pictures StudiosThe VillageGenre
SoundtrackLength
68:20Label
Walt DisneyProducer

Thomas Newman
Bill Bernstein
Thomas Newman chronology

Spectre(2015)

Finding Dory(2016)

Passengers(2016)

Pixar film soundtrack chronology

The Good Dinosaur(2015)

Finding Dory(2016)

Cars 3(2017)

Singles from Finding Dory

"Unforgettable"Released: May 27, 2016

text: The film's soundtrack entitled Finding Dory was composed by Thomas Newman and released on June 17, 2016.[34][35] Louis Armstrong's version of "What a Wonderful World" is played during the scene in which fish are released into the ocean as the truck Dory and Hank are driving crashes into the water.[36] On May 20, 2016, Sia performed a cover of Nat King Cole's "Unforgettable" on The Ellen DeGeneres Show following an announcement that it would be featured in the film.[36]

text: Track listing[edit]

text: No.TitlePerformerLength1."Kelpcake" 0:462."Finding Dory (Main Title)" 0:553."Lost at Sea" 1:364."One Year Later" 2:245."Migration Song" 0:356.""O, We're Going Home"" 1:387."Jewel of Morro Bay" 2:008."Gnarly Chop" 1:399."Squid Chase" 1:2810."Sigourney Weaver" 1:2111."Hank" 3:1912."Nobody's Fine" 3:2913."Rebecca Darling" 1:5414."Meet Destiny" 1:0715."Joker at Work" 1:1616."Becky Flies" 3:5317."Hands!" 2:2418."Almost Home" 2:0119."Open Ocean" 3:1820."Two Lefts and a Right" 3:5721."Everything About You" 1:4122."Quarantine" 2:4123."Warp" 1:0324."All Alone" 0:5325."...Shells" 4:4726."No Walls" 2:2527."Okay with Crazy" 1:5028."Hide and Seek" 1:5129."Quite a View" 1:2530."Unforgettable (End Title)"Sia3:1731."Three Hearts (End Title)" 3:2932."Loon Tune" 1:2033."Fish Who Wander" 1:1834."Release" 1:13

text: Release[edit]

text: Finding Dory premiered at the El Capitan Theatre in Los Angeles on June 8, 2016, and was theatrically released in the United States on June 17, 2016, in 2D, Disney Digital 3-D and RealD 3D.[5][6] It was also released to select IMAX 3D theaters.[37] In April 2016, it was announced that a new Pixar short, Piper, directed by Alan Barillaro and with music by Adrian Belew, would be shown in front of the film.[38] It had its UK premiere at the Edinburgh International Film Festival on June 18, 2016.[39][40]

text: The film was re-released for Labor Day weekend in 2016.[41]

text: Home media[edit]

text: Finding Dory was released by Walt Disney Studios Home Entertainment on Blu-ray (2D and 3D) and DVD in the United States on November 15, 2016, with a digital release on October 25. In addition to Piper, the bonus features also included a short film, titled Marine Life Interviews, featuring interviews with the inhabitants of the Marine Life Institute about their encounters with Dory.[42]

text: Reception[edit]

text: Box office[edit]

text: Finding Dory grossed $486.3 million in the U.S. and Canada and $542.3 million in other countries for a worldwide total of $1.029 billion, against a budget of $200 million.[4] It had a worldwide opening of $185.7 million, which is the third-biggest of all time for an animated film behind Incredibles 2 ($235.8 million) and Ice Age: Dawn of the Dinosaurs ($218.4 million), and an IMAX global opening of $6.4 million.[43][44][45] On August 16, it became the fourth film of 2016 to earn $900 million in ticket sales,[46] and on October 9—its seventeenth weekend—it passed the $1 billion threshold, becoming the third film of 2016 after Captain America: Civil War and Zootopia to reach that mark, the second Pixar film (after Toy Story 3), the fifth animated film (after Toy Story 3, Frozen, Minions, and Zootopia), the twelfth Disney film (fourth Disney animated film), and the twenty-seventh film overall in cinematic history.[47][48]

text: Worldwide, it is the third-highest-grossing film of 2016 (behind Civil War and Rogue One),[49] the highest-grossing animated film of 2016,[49] the third-highest-grossing Pixar film ever (behind Toy Story 3 and Incredibles 2),[50] the sixth-highest-grossing animated film of all time, and the 31st-highest-grossing film of all time. Deadline Hollywood calculated the net profit of the film to be $296.6 million, when factoring together all expenses and revenues for the film, making it the fourth-most profitable release of 2016.[51]

text: North America[edit]

text: In the United States and Canada, Finding Dory opened on June 17, 2016, alongside Central Intelligence, with projections having the film grossing $110–120 million[52][53][54][55] in its opening weekend, with some estimates going as high as $130 million.[56][57] It received the widest release for a Pixar film (4,305 theaters, breaking Brave's record), of which 3,200 venues were in 3D, along with 425 premium large format locales, approximately 100 IMAX theaters and a handful of Dolby Cinema sites.[54] It was Fandango's top pre-selling animated film of all time, outselling the previous record-holder, Minions.[58] The film grossed $9.2 million from Thursday night previews, a record for both Pixar and any animated film,[59][60] and $54.7 million on its opening day, marking both the biggest opening day and single-day for an animated film. This also marks the first time that an animated film has grossed over $50 million in a single day.[61][62] It went on to gross $135.1 million in its opening weekend, finishing first at the box office and setting the record for the highest opening weekend for both Pixar (breaking Toy Story 3's record) and any animated film (out-grossing Shrek the Third's record, later out-grossed by Incredibles 2) and became the third-biggest adjusted for inflation.[63] It is also the third-highest opening (excluding Marvel and Star Wars films) for Walt Disney Studios Motion Pictures behind Beauty and the Beast ($174.8 million) and Pirates of the Caribbean: Dead Man's Chest ($135.6 million), and is the studio's ninth-biggest debut overall.[43][64][65] It also became the fifth animated film and the fifth film of 2016 to open above $100 million.[66] Moreover, its opening also marked the second-biggest for the month of June, behind only Jurassic World.[67] Its opening was 93.8% above Finding Nemo's $70.3 million debut.[68] It further broke the record for the biggest PLF and Cinemark XD opening for an animated film with $10.4 million and $2.6 million, respectively. In IMAX, it made $5 million from 211 theaters,[45] the third-best animated IMAX opening behind Zootopia ($5.2 million) and Toy Story 3 ($8.4 million).[69]

text: Following its record-breaking openings, it scored the biggest Monday for Pixar by grossing $19.6 million (breaking Toy Story 3's $15.6 million) and the best Monday in June for an animated film. However, among all animated films, it is ranked second—behind 2004's Shrek 2, which made $23.4 million on its first Monday,[70][71] and it is also the biggest Tuesday for an animated film with $23.2 million, besting Minions' $16.8 million.[72] It jumped 18.5% over its Monday gross, a rare achievement for a film.[73] It crossed the $200 million mark in its first seven days, becoming the first (and fastest) animated film to pass the said milestone in just a week.[74] It fell only 46% in its second weekend earning $73 million to record the biggest second weekend for an animated film (breaking Shrek 2's $72.2 million previous record), the biggest for Disney and 2016 (surpassing Captain America: Civil War's $72.6 million), and the eighth-biggest second weekend gross of all time overall.[75][76] This was despite facing stiff competition from newcomer Independence Day: Resurgence.[77] It crossed $300 million in 12 days—a new record for an animated film, surpassing the previous record held by Shrek 2 and Toy Story 3 (both of which took 18 days),[78] and became the second animated film of 2016 (after Zootopia), the fourth Disney film of 2016, and the sixth overall film of the year to cross the milestone.[79] It continued to dominate the box office for the third straight weekend, despite competitions from three new wide releases—The Legend of Tarzan, The Purge: Election Year, and fellow Disney release The BFG—after witnessing a 42% decline to $41.8 million in three days and $51.4 million in four days, respectively, during the Independence Day holiday frame.[80] This made it the second time in two years and just the third time since 1992, the July 4 holiday box office was topped by a film in its third weekend of release.[81] It broke another record as it passed the $400 million mark in 21 days, which is the fastest for an animated film, the fastest of 2016, the fastest for the studio, and the fifth-fastest of all time overall. Morever, it became the second film of 2016 (after Captain America: Civil War), the fifth animated film, the ninth film for the studio, and the twenty-fourth film overall to pass the milestone.[82][83] On the following day (July 8), it surpassed Civil War to become the biggest film of the year up until Rogue One took that title in January 2017.[84][85] It dropped out of the top ten in its eighth week.[86]

text: Although the film was finally overtaken by The Secret Life of Pets (and The Legend of Tarzan in second place) in its fourth weekend, it nevertheless passed The Lion King to become the highest-grossing Disney animated film of all time in the same weekend, surpassing the latter which held the record for 15 non-consecutive years.[87] In just 30 days, it overtook Shrek 2 ($441.2 million) to become the highest-grossing animated film of all time, breaking the latter's record of 12 years.[88][89] Four days later, on July 20, it became the first-ever animated film in cinematic history to cross the $450 million mark.[90] As with its predecessor Finding Nemo, the studio expanded the theater count for the film during the Labor Day weekend from 345 theaters to 2,075 theaters, an addition of 1,730 theaters. In 2003, Nemo was expanded from 838 sites to 1,053 locations.[91][92]

text: It became the second-highest-grossing film of 2016 (behind Rogue One),[93] the highest-grossing Pixar film,[50] the second-highest-grossing Walt Disney Pictures release (behind Beauty and the Beast), the highest-grossing Disney animated film, the highest-grossing animated film overall,[94] and the ninth-highest-grossing film of all time.[95]

text: Outside North America[edit]

text: Internationally, Finding Dory received a staggered release in a span of four months from June to September, with Germany being the last country. This was done in order take advantage of key holidays and competitive dates around the world.[96][97] It was released across 29 countries—which is 32% of its entire international release territories—the same weekend as its U.S. premiere. It made an estimated $50.7 million to take the No. 1 spot at the international box office.[45] In its second weekend, it added $38.7 million from 37 markets, falling in third place behind Independence Day: Resurgence and Now You See Me 2.[96] In the same weekend along with its $73 million take in North America, the film helped Pixar cross the $10 billion mark worldwide since Toy Story (1995).[96] By its fourth weekend, the animated film helped Disney push past the $3 billion mark internationally and $5 billion globally.[98][99]

text: It had the biggest opening for an animated film in Brazil ($7.1 million) and the Netherlands ($2.1 million),[97] and the biggest of all time for a Disney animated or Pixar film in Australia ($7.7 million), the Philippines ($2.1 million), Singapore ($1.3 million), India ($1 million), Indonesia, Peru and Central America, and in Russia it opened with $3.2 million,[45][97] and the second-biggest in the United Kingdom and Ireland ($10.7 million), Mexico ($9.4 million) and Argentina ($3.5 million), and that's despite amidst the latter country's Copa America soccer match, and Colombia ($2.1 million), behind Monsters University.[45][100][101] In the UK and Ireland, the film recorded the second-biggest animated opening of the year with £8.1 million ($10.7 million) from 580 theaters, behind only The Secret Life of Pets. However, if previews are excluded, Finding Dory is ahead. Moreover, it also posted the second-biggest Disney/Pixar opening, behind only Toy Story 3 (fourth-biggest if previews are included), and the seventh-biggest animated opening of all time overall based on pure Friday-to-Sunday gross alone.[101][102][103] It added an additional 43 theaters in its second weekend, after which it added another £3.98 million ($5.1 million) at the weekend, thereby passing the £20 million mark in just 10 days (among Pixar films, only Toy Story 3 reached £20 million faster). It made an impressive £8.15 million during weekdays, from Monday to Thursday resulting in a £2.03 million daily-average gross. According to The Guardian, this was because of the school holidays that prevailed on the weekdays. Otherwise, family films earn the vast majority of their takings on Saturday and Sunday, and showtimes typically reduce on weekdays.[104] It returned to the top of the box office in its fourth weekend[105] and went on to become the highest-grossing film of the summer that year.[106] In Brazil, in addition to recording the biggest Disney/Pixar opening ever, almost twice the previous record held by The Good Dinosaur, it also set a new record for an all-time animated opening, on par with Minions in local currency.[97] In South Korea, it had the biggest opening for a Pixar film with $7.1 million, which is also the second-biggest for a Disney animated film, behind Frozen.[98] In Japan, the film had a two-day weekend opening of $7 million on Saturday and Sunday from 511 screens on 571,000 admissions. For the entire three-day holiday weekend, including Marine Day on Monday July 18, the film earned $11 million on 922,000 admissions. This made it the top western release of the weekend and the biggest foreign opening-weekend in the country of that year.[100][107] It had further number-one openings in Spain ($4.9 million), France ($4.7 million), Hong Kong ($1.9 million; $2.8 million including previews), Taiwan ($1.9 million), Sweden, Norway, and Denmark.[96][98][100] It topped the box office in the Netherlands for three[100] and in Spain and Australia for four consecutive weekends.[98] In Italy, it scored the biggest animated opening of the year with $5.8 million.[108]

text: In China, where Pixar films have been struggling to find broad audiences and accrue lucrative revenues, the film was projected to make around $30 million in its opening weekend.[109] The film ended up grossing $17.7 million—the highest Pixar opening in the country's history—debuting in second place behind Warcraft.[45] It surpassed Monsters University in just seven days to become the biggest Pixar film there with $38.1 million.[97][98] It opened in Germany—its last market—on September 29, where the film delivered a robust opening of $8.4 million, the biggest for any film of 2016 in the country. The film continued to benefit from German Unity Day on October 3.[110] It went on to top the box office there for three straight weekends, tying with Inferno in its third weekend.[111]

text: It is now the highest-grossing Disney animated or Pixar film in Australia (where it is also the second-highest-grossing animated film of all time behind Shrek 2), Bolivia, Brazil, Central America, Colombia, India, Indonesia, New Zealand, Peru, the Philippines, and Trinidad.[98][100][112] It also became the second-highest-grossing Pixar release of all time in South Korea behind Inside Out.[113] Elsewhere, the biggest markets in terms of total earnings were Japan ($66 million), followed by the UK ($56.3 million), China ($38.1 million), Australia ($36.3 million), and Brazil ($34.5 million).[48]

text: Critical response[edit]

text: On review aggregator website Rotten Tomatoes, Finding Dory has an approval rating of 94% based on 302 reviews and an average rating of 7.6/10. The website's critical consensus reads, "Funny, poignant, and thought-provoking, Finding Dory delivers a beautifully animated adventure that adds another entertaining chapter to its predecessor's classic story."[114] On Metacritic, the film has a score of 77 out of 100, based on 48 critics, indicating "generally favorable reviews".[115] Audiences polled by CinemaScore gave the film an average grade of "A" on an A+ to F scale, while PostTrak reported filmgoers gave it a 91% overall positive score and an 81% "definite recommend".[116]

text: Mike Ryan of Uproxx gave the film a positive review, saying: "I never thought I wanted a sequel to Finding Nemo, but here we are and I'm pretty happy it exists. And, for me, it was a more emotional experience than the first film. Finding Dory got me—it made me cry."[117] A. O. Scott of The New York Times said that while the film lacks "dazzling originality", he overall wrote, "it more than makes up for in warmth, charm and good humor".[118] In his review for Variety, Owen Gleiberman wrote, "It's a film that spills over with laughs (most of them good, a few of them shticky) and tears (all of them earned), supporting characters who are meant to slay us (and mostly do) with their irascible sharp tongues, and dizzyingly extended flights of physical comedy."[119] Joe Morgenstern of The Wall Street Journal said that "Finding Dory can be touching, sweet and tender, but it's compulsively, preposterously and steadfastly funny."[120] Peter Travers of Rolling Stone gave the film three-and-a-half stars out of four and said that the film "brims with humor, heart and animation miracles", despite lacking "the fresh surprise of its predecessor".[121]

text: Todd McCarthy of The Hollywood Reporter gave the film a negative review, writing, "Its heroine may suffer from short-term memory loss, but viewers with any memory at all will realize that Finding Dory falls rather short of its wondrous progenitor."[122] Writing for the Los Angeles Times, Kenneth Turan said that, "As the 13-year gap between "Nemo" and "Dory" indicates, this was not a concept that cried out to be made."[123]

text: Environmental controversies and issues[edit]

text: Conservationists warned that, very much like Finding Nemo, the film could lead to uninformed customers buying blue tangs for home aquariums.[124] Blue tangs cannot be bred in captivity and have to be caught in the wild.[125] They are related to surgeonfish and exhibit razor-sharp spines on both sides of the tail that can inflict formidable wounds.[126]

text: While promoting the film, actress Ellen DeGeneres reminded audiences that Nemo and Dory's real-life home, the Great Barrier Reef, is under enormous threat,[127] mostly due to coral bleaching, a process induced by climate change, which has killed coral reefs on an enormous scale.[128]

text: Accolades[edit]

text:
List of awards and nominations

Year

Award

Category

Recipient(s)

Result

Ref(s)

2016

Alliance of Women Film Journalists

Best Animated Film

Andrew Stanton and Angus MacLane

Nominated

[129][130]

Best Animated Female

Ellen DeGeneres

British Academy Children's Awards

BAFTA Kids' Vote

Finding Dory

[131][132]

Critics' Choice Awards

Best Animated Feature

[133]

Hollywood Music in Media Awards

Best Original Score – Animated Film

Thomas Newman

[134][135]

San Francisco Film Critics Circle

Best Animated Feature

Finding Dory

[136][137]

St. Louis Gateway Film Critics Association

Best Animated Film

[138]

Teen Choice Awards

Choice Summer Movie

Won

[139]

Choice Summer Movie Star: Female

Ellen DeGeneres

Washington D.C. Area Film Critics Association

Best Animated Feature

Finding Dory

Nominated

[140]

Best Voice Performance

Ellen DeGeneres

Women Film Critics Circle

Best Animated Female

Finding Dory

[141]

2017

Annie Awards

Best Animated Feature

[142]

Outstanding Achievement, Character Animation in a Feature Production

Erick Oh

Outstanding Achievement, Storyboarding in an Animated Feature Production

Trevor Jimenez

Black Reel Awards

Outstanding Voice Performance

Idris Elba

[143]

British Academy Film Awards

Best Animated Film

Andrew Stanton

[144]

Cinema Audio Society

Outstanding Achievement in Sound Mixing for a Motion Picture – Animated

Scott Curtis, Doc Kane, Nathan Nance, Michael Semanick and Thomas Vicari

Won

[145]

Empire Awards

Best Animated Film

Finding Dory

[146]

Georgia Film Critics Association

Best Animated Film

Andrew Stanton and Lindsey Collins

Nominated

[147]

Golden Tomato Awards

Best Wide Release 2016

Finding Dory

7th place

[148]

Best Animated Movie 2016

2nd Place

Houston Film Critics Society

Best Animated Feature Film

Nominated

[149][150]

2017 Kids' Choice Awards

Favorite Animated Movie

Won

[151]

Favorite Voice From an Animated Movie

Ellen DeGeneres

Most Wanted Pet

Nominated

#Squad

Ellen DeGeneres, Albert Brooks, Kaitlin Olson, Hayden Rolence, Willem Dafoe, Ed O'Neill, Ty Burrell and Eugene Levy

Won

NAACP Image Awards

Outstanding Character Voice-Over Performance

Idris Elba

Nominated

[152]

Online Film Critics Society

Best Animated Film

Finding Dory

[153]

People's Choice Awards

Favorite Movie

Won

[154]

Favorite Family Movie

Favorite Animated Movie Voice

Ellen DeGeneres

Producers Guild of America

Best Animated Motion Picture

Lindsey Collins

Nominated

[155]

Satellite Awards

Best Animated or Mixed Media Feature

Finding Dory

[156]

Saturn Awards

Best Animated Film

Won

[157]

Village Voice Film Poll

Best Animated Feature

7th place

[158]

Visual Effects Society

Outstanding Visual Effects in an Animated Feature

Chris J. Chapman, Lindsey Collins, John Halstead and Angus MacLane

Nominated

[159]

Outstanding Animated Performance in an Animated Feature

Hank – Jonathan Hoffman, Steven Clay Hunter, Mark Piretti and Audrey Wong

Won

Outstanding Created Environment in an Animated Feature

Open Ocean Exhibit – Stephen Gustafson, Jack Hattori, Jesse Hollander and Michael Rutter

Nominated

Outstanding Effects Simulations in an Animated Feature

Stephen Gustafson, Allen Hemberger, Joshua Jenny and Matthew Kiyoshi Wong

text: Possible sequel[edit]

text: In June 2016, director Andrew Stanton talked about the possibility of a sequel, saying that he would never exclude it because of the introduction of new characters, citing the Toy Story films as guides for how to expand a world through sequels.[160]