document_title: List of multiple births

question_text: highest number of babies delivered at a time

text: List of multiple births

text: Cases by number[edit]

text: Twins (2)[edit]

text: Triplets (3)[edit]

text: Quadruplets (4)[edit]

text:
The Smith quadruplets, born 1750 in Kinsale, a fisherman's wife.[1]
Dominica, 1790: According to The Times, a Dr. Giuseppe of Dominica reported that an unnamed Afro-Dominican woman (enslaved servant) living on the estate of Thomas Jemmitt gave birth to four girls, three of them almost eighteen hours after the first was born. All survived birth.[2]
The Gehri quadruplets (born September 26, 1880, in Switzerland) were the first recorded to have survived to adulthood. There were two boys (Oskar and Arthur) and two girls (Bertha and Rosa).[3]
The Keys quadruplets (born June 4, 1915, in Hollis, Oklahoma) were the first same-sex quadruplets known to survive to adulthood. They attended Baylor University on scholarships and graduated in 1937. Roberta Keys Torn, the last surviving sister, died at 96 years in August 2011.[4]
The Johnson quadruplets (born in 1935 in Dunedin, New Zealand) were the first surviving set of quadruplets in Australasia.[5]
The Miles quadruplets (born on November 28, 1935 in St Neots, United Kingdom) are the oldest living quadruplets in the world.[6]
The Badgett quadruplets (born February 1, 1939, in Galveston, Texas) were the second surviving set of quadruplets in the United States. The four girls, Geraldine, Joan, Jeanette, and Joyce, were minor celebrities in the 1940s and 1950s.[7]
The Fultz quadruplets (born May 23, 1946, in Rockingham County, North Carolina) were the first identical African-American quadruplets on record.[8]
The Sara quadruplets (born August 17, 1950, in Bellingen, New South Wales) were the first surviving quadruplets in Australia. There were two boys, Mark and Philip, and two girls, Alison and Judith.[9]
The Alexander quadruplets (born September 2, 1967, in Auckland, New Zealand) were the first set of identical quadruplets born in New Zealand.[10]
The Steeves quadruplets (Carrie Dawn, Jennie Lee, Mary Beth, and Patty Ann, born December 17, 1982, in Calgary, Alberta) were the first identical set of quadruplets to be born in Canada.[11][12]
The Durst quadruplets (Calli, Kendra, Megan, and Sarah) are identical quadruplets born February 10, 1993, in Robbinsdale, Minnesota.[13] They appeared on the reality television series Four of a Kind.
The Brino quadruplets (born September 21, 1998, in Woodland Hills, California) played the twins Sam and David Camden on the television series 7th Heaven. When they all started to look different, the only girl, Myrinda, stopped appearing on the show. Only Nikolas and Lorenzo starred on the show until the series ended in 2007.[14]
The Mathias quadruplets (born February 16, 2000, in Lexington, South Carolina) are Grace, Emily, Mary Claire, and Anna. A home-movie of the girls laughing in unison was featured on America's Funniest Home Videos and won them over $250,000 as a result.[15][16] The girls were featured in three 1-hour episodes of a documentary called "Super Quads" in the Discovery Health Channel.
The Aberdeen / Edwards quadruplets (born November 7, 2006, in San Juan, Trinidad and Tobago) are four girls, born to Lystra Aberdeen (aged 27 and mother to a 10-year-old girl, an 8-year-old boy, and a 4-year-old boy) and her common-law husband Anderson Edwards (aged 33). This was the first confirmed case in Trinidad.[17]
The Yarns quadruplets were featured on The Tonight Show with Jay Leno, featuring John Travolta (Season 11, Episode 97) on their birthday, February 20, 2003. They are Rhys, Trey, Chase, and Tiana.[18][19][20][21]
Adhiti, Aakrithi, Akshathy and Aapthi are quadruplets born in Chennai, Tamil Nadu. They appeared in the Tamil film Enna Satham Indha Neram (2014).[22]

text: Quintuplets (5)[edit]

text: The Lyon quintuplets (born April 29, 1896) were the first American quintuplets who were all born alive. The last survivor died on May 14, 1896.[23]

text:
The Dionne quintuplets (born May 28, 1934 near Corbeil, Ontario, Canada) were the first quintuplets known to survive infancy. The five girls (Yvonne, Annette, Cecile, Emilie and Marie) were also the only set of identical quintuplets known to live into adulthood.[24]
The Fischer quintuplets (born September 14, 1963 in Aberdeen, South Dakota) were the first known surviving set of American quintuplets. They consisted of one boy and four girls.[25] 3 of the 4 girls are identical: Magdalene, Margaret, and Catherine.[26]
The Lawson quintuplets (born July 27, 1965, in Auckland, New Zealand) were the first set of surviving quintuplets conceived through the use of fertility medication and are the only known New Zealand quintuplets:[27] They are one boy (Samuel) and four girls (Deborah, Lisa, Shirlene and Selina).[28]
The Braham quintuplets (born 31 December 1967) were the first quintuplets to be born in Australia. They were conceived naturally [29] and born to Pat and Roger Braham of Tenterfield, New South Wales. In birth order they were Annabel Dorothy, Richard Gibson, Faith Elizabeth, Caroline, and Geoffrey Raymond. Geoffrey died at 4 days old; the others are still living.[30]
The Hanson quintuplets (born November 13, 1969 in London) were the first set to survive in the United Kingdom, as well as the second surviving set of all-girl quintuplets after the Dionne quintuplets.[31]
The Kienast quintuplets (born February 24, 1970 in Liberty Corners, New Jersey) were the first surviving set of American quintuplets conceived through fertility medication.[32][33]
The Rychert quintuplets (born May 15, 1971 in Gdańsk) were the first surviving set born in Poland.[34]
The Brunner quintuplets (born June 9, 1978 in Nancy) were the first surviving set born in France. Marc, Luc, Gilles, Maud, and Anne were nicknamed "quintuplés Paris Match," and clothed by designer Pierre Cardin, in 17 articles written from 1978 to 1984.[35] For each article, they were clothed by the couturier Pierre Cardin.
The Granata quintuplets (born June 1, 1981 in Toledo, Ohio) were three boys and two girls conceived through the use of fertility medication and born at 28 weeks to Janice and George Granata. They were named (in birth order) Britton, Nathan, Amanda, Heather, and Eric. Britton died of lung failure on June 3, 1981.[36] In 1983, the surviving four appeared with Oprah Winfrey on her show, People are Talking, along with their mother and their older sister Jenny.[37] At age 15, the four appeared on The Jenny Jones Show.
The Gaither quintuplets (born August 3, 1983 in Indianapolis, Indiana) were the first surviving African-American quintuplets and were one of only three naturally-conceived American sets in 1983.[38][39][40]
The Al-Ghamdi quintuplets (born February 2, 1988 in Jeddah, Saudi Arabia) were the first set to be born in Saudi Arabia. The 5 boys were born to Salha and Saeed Al-Ghamdi.[41]
The Nur Adlan quintuplets were born in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia on May 20, 1996. The three girls and two boys were the first set of Malaysian quintuplets to survive infancy.[42]
The Cassidy quintuplets were born in Dublin, Ireland on August 16, 2001 to Veronica and Kevin Cassidy of Wexford. The three boys (Conor James, Cian Richard, and Rory Kevin) and two girls (Amy Dorothy and Dearbhail Mary) were the first quintuplets to be born in Ireland.[43][44][45]
The Gonzalez-Moreno quintuplets were born in Phoenix, Arizona on April 26, 2005 to Luisa Gonzalez and Enrique Moreno via surrogate mother, Teresa Anderson. The five boys are the first set of quintuplets born via surrogate. The boys, in order of birth, are; Enrique, Jorge, Gabriel, Javier, Victor and weighed between 3 lb 7oz and 3 lb 15oz.[46][47]
The Artamkin quintuplets were born in Oxford, England on November 10, 2007 to Dimitri and Varvara Artamkin via Cesarean section.[48][49][50][51] They were the first set of quintuplets born to Russian parents.[citation needed]
The Wilkinson quintuplets (born July 31, 2007 in Phoenix, Arizona) were born to Jayson and Rachelle Wilkinson of Cedar Park, Texas. The three girls (Kassidy, Kaydence, and Kyndall) and two boys (Rustin and Ryder) hold the record for the highest combined birthweight of a set of quintuplets at 21 lb (9.52 kg).[52]
The Jones quintuplets (born January 16, 2009 in Austin, Texas) were four girls and one boy born to Ethan and Casey Jones. In order of birth, they are Brooklyn Faith, Britton Grace, Jack William, Lila Addison, and Ryan Elizabeth. They have an older sister Eliot McKenna, who was four at the time of their birth. All six children were conceived through fertility treatments of intrauterine insemination (IUI) and a sperm donor when the couple learned Ethan had an extremely low sperm count. The same donor was used for Eliot and the quintuplets. The Jones quintuplets and their family had a show on TLC called Quints by Surprise that premiered on August 30, 2010.
The Kroscen quintuplets were born in Prague, Czech Republic on June 2, 2013 to Alexandra Kinova and Antonin Kroscen of Milovice. The four boys (Michael, Deniel, Martin, and Alex) and one girl (Tereza) were the first recorded quintuplets to be born in the Czech Republic.[53][54][55]
The Busby quintuplets were born on April 8, 2015 in Houston, Texas, to Adam and Danielle Busby. The five girls (Ava Lane, Olivia Marie, Hazel Grace, Parker Kate, and Riley Paige) are the first set of all female quintuplets born in the United States. Ava and Olivia are identical twins. They have an older sister, Blayke.[56][57]

text: Sextuplets (6)[edit]

text:
The Thorns sextuplets (born October 2, 1968 in Birmingham, England) were born to Sheila and Barry Thorns. They were the first sextuplets known to have been born alive in the United Kingdom, but one baby died shortly after birth, and another two died within the next two weeks.[58][59][60][61]
The Letts sextuplets (born December 15, 1969 in London, England) were born to Rosemary and John Letts two months prematurely at University College Hospital. One boy and four girls survived, (Cara Dawn, Sharon Marie, Joanne Nadine, Gary John, and Tanya Odile) one female was stillborn. This was the second case of surviving quintuplets in the United Kingdom. The family immigrated to Canada in 1974.[62][63][64][65]
The Rosenkowitz sextuplets (born January 11, 1974 in Cape Town, South Africa) were the first sextuplets known to survive their infancy.[66] They were conceived using fertility drugs.[67]
The Nijssen sextuplets (born September 21, 1977 in the Netherlands) were born to Corry and Sien Nijssen two months prematurely. There were four girls (Patricia, Priscilla, Mirella, and Ramona) and two boys (Ivo and Dennis). Dennis died on November 9, 1977. They are the only set in the Netherlands.[68]
The Giannini sextuplets (born on January 11, 1980 in Italy) were the second sextuplets known to survive their infancy. They were born on the same date as the Rosenkowitz sextuplets, six years later.[69]
The Vanhove Gadeyne sextuplets (born on August 17, 1983 in Blankenberge, Belgium) were the first set of sextuplets to have been born in Belgium. The five boys (Bruno, Jelle, Tom, Lode, Arne) and one girl (Veerle) weighed between 2 lbs 9oz and 3 lbs 3oz at birth.[70]
The Walton sextuplets (born on November 18, 1983 in Liverpool) were the first sextuplets born in the United Kingdom known to survive their infancy, and the world's first all-female sextuplets.[71] They were delivered by Cesarian section at 31 and a half weeks.[72]
The Dilley sextuplets (born on May 25, 1993 in Indianapolis) were the first surviving set of sextuplets in the United States. They are two girls (Brenna Rose and Claire Diane) and four boys (Julian Emerson, Quinn Everett, Ian Michael, and Adrian Reed).[73]
The Boniello sextuplets (born March 24, 1997 in Stony Brook, New York) set a record for the longest gestation of a sextuplet pregnancy in the United States at 29 weeks and one day. They have a younger sister Nadia.[74] This record was broken almost two months later by the Thompson sextuplets.
The Thompson sextuplets (born May 8, 1997 in Washington, D.C.) were born to Jacqueline and Linden Thompson. Mrs. Thompson set a record for the longest sextuplet pregnancy in the United States at 29 weeks and six days. One girl was stillborn; the five survivors are four girls (Octavia Daniela, Stella Kimberly, Ann Marie Amanda, and Emily Elizabeth) and one boy (Richard Linden). They are the first African-American sextuplets. They each weighed between 2 lbs 2oz and 2 lbs 6oz.[75]
The Harris sextuplets (born July 7, 2002 in Alabama) are two girls (Kiera Christine and Kalynne Antoinett) and four boys (Kaleb Reddrick, Kobe Byshari, Kieran Anthony, and Kyle Jacob). They are Alabama's first set of sextuplets and were the first recorded set of surviving African-American sextuplets.[76] Kaleb has nerve damage; while Kiera and Kyle are autistic.[77] The Harris family received a new home in a 2005 episode of Extreme Makeover: Home Edition. The Harris' original three-bedroom, three-bath house was razed and a two story, 5,000-square-foot (460 m2) home was built.[78][79]
The Gosselin sextuplets (born May 10, 2004 in Hershey, Pennsylvania) were born just shy of 30 weeks gestation to parents Jon and Kate Gosselin. The set has three girls (Alexis Faith, Hannah Joy, and Leah Hope) and three boys (Aaden Jonathan, Collin Thomas, Joel Kevin). The parents also have twin girls, Madelyn Kate and Cara Nicole, who were three years old at the time of the sextuplets' birth.[80][81] The family was the subject of a reality television show, originally titled Jon & Kate Plus 8, that aired on TLC in the United States and Canada. The show was initially canceled after Jon and Kate's divorce, but was revived as Kate Plus 8 after viewer complaints. The series ended in 2011, with the last episode airing on September 12 of that year, then resumed with a new season in January 2015.
The Hayes sextuplets (born September 14, 2004 in Long Branch, New Jersey) are the first surviving sextuplets to be born in New Jersey. The six children, three boys (Ryan Peter, Connor James, Eric John) and three girls (Tara Rose, Rachel Ann, Rebecca Mary), weighed a total of 24 lbs. and 14 oz., setting a world record for the heaviest set of sextuplets. The Hayes also have two sets of twins, Kevin and Kyle (eight years old at the time of the sextuplets' birth) and Kieran and Meghan (five years old). They are the only family in the United States to have two sets of twins and a set of sextuplets.[82] The family were the subject of a reality television show, Table for 12, on TLC in the U.S.[83]
Canada's first sextuplets (born January 6–7, 2007 in Vancouver) were born at 25 weeks gestation. The parents, who wanted to remain anonymous, are Jehovah's Witnesses and refused the critical blood transfusions necessary to save the babies; two of them died shortly after birth and the rest were taken in custody by the Ministry of Children. The babies were later returned to the parents.[84][85]
The Carpio sextuplets (born October 6, 2008 in the New York City borough of Queens) are the first Hispanic sextuplets to be born in America. It is not known if their parents, Victor and Digna Carpio, conceived using fertility treatments. The babies (Justin, Jadon, Jezreel, Danelia, Genesis, and Joel) were delivered by Caesarean section at 25 weeks.[86]
The Conway sextuplets (born on May 22, 2009) in Dunmore in County Tyrone, Northern Ireland were the first recorded sextuplets in Ireland. The four girls and two boys weighed between 1 lb., 7 oz. and 2 lb., 2 oz. were fourteen weeks premature and were named Ursula, Shannon, Karla, Kerrie (died July 20, 2009), Austin and Eoghan.[87]
On March 4, 2013 the first sextuplets in Trinidad and Tobago and the Caribbean were born at the Maternity Hospital of the Eric Williams Medical Sciences Complex at Mount Hope, Trinidad and Tobago to an anonymous Trinidadian couple. Two of them died a few weeks later.[88][89][90][91]

text: Septuplets (7)[edit]

text:
The Frustaci septuplets (born May 21, 1985 in Orange, California) were the first septuplets to be born in the United States. Born at 28 weeks, only two boys and one girl survived; one daughter was stillborn and three died within 19 days of birth.[92]
The McCaughey septuplets (born November 19, 1997 in Des Moines, Iowa) were the world's first surviving set of septuplets. The four boys (Kenneth Jr., Brandon, Nathan, and Joel) and three girls (Alexis, Natalie, and Kelsey) were born at 31 weeks, weighing between 2 lbs. 5 oz. and 3 lbs 4 oz.[93][94][95] In 2016, they became the first set of septuplets to reach maturity.
The Humair septuplets (born January 14, 1998 in Abha, Saudi Arabia) were the world's second surviving set of septuplets. They were born at 32 weeks to 40-year-old Hasna Mohammed Humair and her husband, Abdullah Mohammed Ali. They had been told to expect four babies.[96][97][98]
The Qahtani septuplets (born July 12, 2001 in Washington, D.C.) are the fourth set of septuplets to live past infancy.[99][100][101] In December 2001, it was reported that one of the septuplets had died of liver failure and three were still hospitalized.[102]
A set of septuplets were born on April 18, 2007 in a suburb of Algiers, Algeria to Farhat and Souhila Touile. One of the babies, a boy, was stillborn; the remaining six are girls.[103][104][105]
The Khamis septuplets (born August 16, 2008 in Alexandria, Egypt) were born to 27-year-old Ghazala Khamis. They were the fifth set of septuplets to all survive. The newborns, four boys and three girls, had been placed in incubators in four different hospitals since they were premature. The babies' weights ranged from 1.45 to 2.8 kilograms (3.2 to 6.2 lb). The mother took fertility drugs in order to produce a son, since she already had three daughters.[106][107]
The McGhee septuplets (born June 9, 2010 in Columbus, Ohio) were born to Mia and Rozonno McGhee at 27 weeks. One girl was stillborn. The other two girls (Olivia and Madison) and the four boys (Rozonno Jr., Elijah, Isaac, and Josiah) weighed between 1.5 lb. to a fraction over 2 lbs.[108][109]

text: Octuplets (8)[edit]

text:
The first confirmed birth of octuplets occurred on March 10, 1967 in Mexico City, Mexico to Maria Teresa López de Sepulveda. All four boys and four girls died within 13 hours.[110][111][112]
A set of octuplets were born on August 16, 1979 to Pasqualina and Stefano Chianese in Naples, Italy. Six of the babies died and two survived. The couple had previously lost a set of sextuplets in 1976.[113][114][115][116][117]
A set of octuplets were born on December 20, 1985 to Sevil Capan of İzmir, Turkey. Born prematurely at 28 weeks, six of the octuplets died within 12 hours of birth, and the remaining two died within three days.[98][118]
A set of octuplets were born between September 30 and October 2, 1996 in a hospital in South London, United Kingdom to Mandy Allwood of Solihull. Allwood was only 19 weeks pregnant when she went into pre-term labor with her six boys (Adam, Cassius, Donald, Kypros, Martyn, and Nelson) and two girls (Layne and Kitali). None of her octuplets survived.[119] She had refused selective reduction and her case provoked a media storm in the UK.
A set of octuplets were born on December 5, 1996 in Huelva, Spain to Rosario Clavijo. Two of them were stillborn and six survived.[98][120]
The Chukwu octuplets were born in December 1998 in Houston, Texas, United States. The smallest of the octuplets, Odera, died a week after birth.[121]
A set of octuplets were born between September 13 and September 16, 2000 in Milan, Italy to Mariella Mazzara and Giovanni Pierrera of Trapani. One died immediately after birth, two within a few days of birth, and the oldest, Margherita, died a month later on October 10.[122][123]
On January 26, 2009, the Suleman octuplets were born in Bellflower, California, United States.[124][125] One week after birth, the Suleman octuplets became the longest-living octuplets in known history.[126] The children's names are Noah, Maliyah, Isaiah, Nariyah, Makai, Josiah, Jeremiah and Jonah. They were conceived through IVF. They have six older siblings, including a set of fraternal twins. They are the first octuplets known to survive their infancy.[127]

text: Nonuplets (9)[edit]

text:
A set of nonuplets were born on June 13, 1971 in Sydney, Australia to Geraldine Brodrick. They were five boys and four girls; two of the boys were stillborn[128] and the last of the babies died six days after birth.[129][130]
A set of nonuplets were born on March 26, 1999 in Malaysia to Zurina Mat Saad. She had five boys and four girls (Adam, Nuh, Idris, Soleh, Hud, Aishah, Khadijah, Fatimah, and Umi Kalsom) but none of them survived more than 6 hours.[131]


document_title: List of serving generals of the Indian Army

question_text: list of serving major generals in indian army

root

text: Indian Army Principal Staff Officers[edit]

text:
Post

Rank

Name

Photo

decorations

Chief of the Army Staff

General

Bipin Rawat

UYSM, AVSM, YSM, SM, VSM

Vice Chief of Army Staff

Lieutenant General

Devraj Anbu[1]

PVSM, UYSM, AVSM, YSM, SM

Deputy Chief of Army Staff  (Information Systems & Training)

Deputy Chief of Army Staff  (Planning & Systems)

Shravan Kumar Patyal

PVSM, UYSM, SM

Adjutant General

Ashwani Kumar[2][3]

AVSM

Military Secretary

Jaswinder Singh Sandhu[4]

UYSM, AVSM, VSM

Master General of Ordnance

Engineer-in-Chief

S.K Srivastava[5]

AVSM

Quartermaster General

Ashok Ambre[6]

PVSM, SM

tag: table

text: General Officers Commanding-in-Chief (Army Commanders) and Chiefs of Staff of Army Commands[edit]

text:
Post

Rank

Name

Photo

Decorations

General Officer Commanding-in-Chief Northern Command

Lieutenant General

Ranbir Singh[7]

AVSM**, YSM, SM

General Officer Commanding-in-Chief Eastern Command

Abhay Krishna[8]

PVSM, UYSM, AVSM, SM, VSM

General Officer Commanding-in-Chief Western Command

Surinder Singh[9]

AVSM & Bar, VSM

General Officer Commanding-in-Chief Central Command

Balwant Singh Negi[10]

PVSM, UYSM, YSM, SM, VSM**

General Officer Commanding-in-Chief Southern Command

Dewan Rabindranath Soni[11]

PVSM, VSM

General Officer Commanding-in-Chief South Western Command

Cherish Mathson[12]

PVSM, SM, VSM

General Officer Commanding-in-Chief Training Command

Manoj Mukund Naravane[13]

AVSM, SM, VSM,

Chief of Staff Northern Command

P.S. Sangha[14]

Chief of Staff Eastern Command

Sunil Shrivastava[15]

Chief of Staff Western Command

Chief of Staff Central Command

J.K. Sharma[16]

Chief of Staff Southern Command

Manoj Pande[17]

Chief of Staff South Western Command

Vijay Singh[18]

AVSM, SM, VSM

Chief of Staff Training Command

text: General Officers of Armed Forces Commands[19][edit]

text:
Post

Rank

Name

Photo

Decorations

Commander-in-Chief Strategic Forces Command+

Air Marshal

Jasbir Walia[20]

VM, VSM

Dy Commander-in-Chief Strategic Forces Command

Lieutenant General

J.S. Negi

Commander-in-Chief Andaman and Nicobar Command*+

Vice Admiral

Bimal Verma[21]

AVSM

Chief of Integrated Defence Staff**

Lieutenant General

Satish Dua[22]

PVSM, UYSM, SM, VSM

Director General Assam Rifles***

Lieutenant General

S.S. Sangwan

SM & bar

text: +These are the  Tri-services theater commands

tag: p

text: *Rotational Command. Currently headed by a Naval Officer.

text: **Rotational Command. Currently headed by an Army Officer.

text: ***One of two Paramilitary Forces of India

text: Heads of Combat & Combat Support Arms[edit]

text:
Post

Rank

Name

Photo

Decorations

Director General Infantry

Lieutenant General

Yogesh Kumar Joshi[23]

AVSM, VrC, SM

Engineer-In-Chief

S.K. Srivastava[24]

AVSM

Director General Artillery

P.K. Srivastava[25]

AVSM, VSM

Director General Army Aviation

Kanwal Kumar[26]

AVSM, VSM

Director General Army Air Defence

A.P. Singh

Director General Mechanized Forces

MJS Kahlon[27]

AVSM

Signal Officer in Chief

Ashish Ranjan Prasad[28]

AVSM, VSM, ADC

text: Heads of Services, Directorates and Commandants of Training Institutions[edit]

text:
Post

Rank

Name

Photo

Decorations

Director General Military Operation

Lieutenant General

Anil Chauhan[4]

UYSM, AVSM, SM, VSM

Director General Military Intelligence

Arvind Dutta[29]

Director General Ordnance Services

Giriraj SIngh[30]

Director General Armed Forces Medical Services

Bipin Puri[31]

Director General Medical Services (Army)

Director General Hospital Services

Sanjiv Chopra[32]

AVSM, VSM

Director General Dental Services

T.K. Bandyopadhyay [33]

VSM, PHDS

Director General Supplies & Transport

M.H. Thakur[34]

Director General National Cadet Corps

P.P. Malhotra[35]

Director General Border Roads Organisation

Harpal Singh[36]

Director General EME

K.K. Agarwal[37]

Director General Military Training

A.S. Bhinder[38]

VSM

Director General Perspective Planning

P.S. Rajeshwar[39]

AVSM, VSM

Director General Remount Veterinary Services

A.J. Singh[40]

AVSM, VSM

Director General Staff Duties

A.K. Sharma[41]

UYSM, YSM, SM

Director General Information Systems

Anil Kapoor[41]

Director General Operational Logistics

C.P. Mohanty[42]

AVSM, SM, VSM

Director General Weapons & Equipment

Sanjay Verma[43]

Director General Administration & Coordination

Director General Rashtriya Rifles

B.S. Sehrawat

Director General Discipline, Ceremonials & Welfare

Director General Manpower Planning & Personnel Services

S.K. Saini

AVSM, YSM, VSM

Director General Financial Planning

P.N. Rao

YSM, SM

Director General Quality Assurance

Shamsher Singh[44]

Director General Land, Works & Environment

R.K. Anand[45]

SM, VSM

Dy Chief of Integrated Defence Staff (Int) and Director General Defence Intelligence Agency

A.S. Bedi

UYSM, YSM, VSM

Dy Chief of Integrated Defence Staff (DOT)

P.J.S. Pannu[46]

PVSM, AVSM, VSM

Dy Chief of Integrated Defence Staff (Med)

C.S. Narayanan[47]

VSM***, PHS

Commandant Indian Military Academy

S.K. Jha[48]

PVSM, AVSM, YSM, SM

Commandant Officers Training Academy Chennai

Sanjeev Kanal[49]

AVSM, VSM

Commandant Officers Training Academy Gaya

V.S. Sreenivas[50]

Commandant National Defence College (presently tenanted by a Naval Officer)

-

Commandant Defence Services Staff College

Amrik Singh[51]

AVSM, SM

Commandant Army War College

Raj Shukla[52]

YSM, SM

Commandant Infantry School

R. Chopra[53]

AVSM

Commandant School of Artillery

R.S. Salaria[54]

Commandant Armoured Corps Center & School (presently tenanted by a Major General)

Neeraj Kapur[55]

Commandant Army Air Defense College

Commandant College of Military Engineering

Michael Mathews[56]

Commandant Military College of Telecommunications Engineering

Rajeev Sabherwal[57]

Commandant Military College Electronics and Mechanical Engineering

Paramjit Singh[58]

Commandant Army Service Corps Center & School

Vipan Gupta[59]

Commandant College of Materials Management

N.K. Mehta[60]

Commandant Military Intelligence Training School & Depot

L.N. Singh[61]

Commandant Army Hospital Research & Referral

Commandant Army Medical Corps Center & College

Anup Banerji[62]

Additional Director General Army Education Corps

Major General

A.K. Vyas[63]

Judge Advocate General

Additional Director General Military Nursing Service

Annakutty Babu[64]

Additional Director General Public Information

Ashok Narula[65]

Additional Director General Territorial Army

D.A. Chaturvedi[66]

Provost Marshal Corps of Military Police

Additional Director General Army Postal Service Corps

text: General Officers Commanding of Corps & Areas[edit]

text:
Post

Rank

Name

Photo

Decorations

General Officer Commanding I Corps
Strike Corps

Lieutenant General

Taranjit Singh[67]

General Officer Commanding II Corps
Kharga Corps (Strike Corps)

A.S. Kler[68]

General Officer Commanding III Corps
Spear Corps

Gopal R[69]

AVSM, SM

General Officer Commanding IV Corps
Gajraj Corps

Gurpal Singh Sangha[70]

YSM, VSM

General Officer Commanding IX Corps
Rising Star Corps

Y V K Mohan[71]

General Officer Commanding X Corps
Chetak Corps

PC Thimmayya[72]

General Officer Commanding XI Corps
Vajra Corps

Dushyant Singh[73]

General Officer Commanding XII Corps
Konark Corps (Desert Corps)

R.K. Jagga[74]

AVSM, VSM

General Officer Commanding XIV Corps
Fire & Fury Corps

S.K. Upadhya[75]

General Officer Commanding XV Corps
Chinar Corps

Anil Kumar Bhatt[76]

General Officer Commanding XVI Corps
White Knight Corps

Saranjit Singh[77]

General Officer Commanding XVII Corps
Brahmastra Corps (Mountain Strike Corps)

SS Hasabnis[78]

General Officer Commanding XXI Corps
Sudarshan Chakra Corps

Ravendra Pal Singh[79]

AVSM, VSM

General Officer Commanding XXXIII Corps
Trishakti Corps

P.M. Bali[80]

AVSM, VSM

General Officer Commanding Uttar Bharat Area

Harish Thukral[81]

General Officer Commanding Madhya Bharat Area

Rajesh Rana[82]

VSM

General Officer Commanding 101 Area

D.S. Ahuja[83]

AVSM

General Officer Commanding Bengal Area

General Officer Commanding Maharashtra, Gujarat & Goa Area

General Officer Commanding Dakshin Bharat Area

S.T. Upasani[84]

General Officer Commanding Delhi Area

A.B. Mistry[85]


document_title: April Kepner

question_text: what does april's baby have on grey's anatomy

question_tokens: what does april 's baby have on grey 's anatomy

text: April Kepner

text: Storylines[edit]

text:
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text: April Kepner was born in Columbus, Ohio on April 23, 1982.[11] Her mother Karen is a teacher and her father Joe is a farmer. She is the second of four daughters; her sisters are Libby, Kimmie, and Alice. Kepner is initially a surgical resident at Mercy West Hospital. She joins the staff at Seattle Grace Mercy West after the merger of the two hospitals, alongside Jackson Avery (Jesse Williams), Reed Adamson (Nora Zehetner), and Charles Percy (Robert Baker). Kepner is first shown to possess a red diary, in which she writes all her feelings and thoughts which is stolen by Lexie Grey (Chyler Leigh). Grey uses the personal information written in the notebook to unnerve and blackmail Kepner but later apologizes. After she made a mistake that led to a patient's death, she is fired. However, Derek Shepherd (Patrick Dempsey) rehires her when he becomes the new Chief of Surgery. As she is not confident anymore, she spends her time doing errands for Shepherd and develops a crush on him, earning her the nickname "Shepherd's flunky". In the season six finale, she discovers the body of her best friend Reed Adamson, who has been shot. She later runs into the shooter, Gary Clark, who lets her go after she tells him about her life after remembering a technique she says she learned from Oprah. Following the shooting, Kepner and Avery move into Meredith Grey's (Ellen Pompeo) house.

text: Kepner reveals that she is a virgin because she is a Christian and made a promise to God to stay a virgin until she was married, she also states that she thinks men find her annoying after yelling at Alex, Meredith, Lexie and Jackson about secrets, she claims that the fact that she is a 28 year old virgin is not a drinks conversation. She shows potential as a trauma surgeon during a trauma drill. She develops feelings for Alex Karev (Justin Chambers) who almost makes her lose her virginity. When Avery, now her best friend finds out about this, he assaults Karev. Later, Kepner agrees to go on a date with Robert Stark, believing him to have a good side. Her fellow residents make fun of her which prompts her to break up with him. April also impresses Owen Hunt (Kevin McKidd) and she is ultimately granted the position of Chief Resident in the season seven finale. Kepner initially struggles with her new status as her fellow doctors do not listen to her and do not take her seriously.

text: As the end of the fifth year of residency is near, the surgical residents, including Kepner, prepare for their boards exams for the different fellowships they plan on joining. The night before taking the exam, April loses her virginity to Avery. This causes her to re-evaluate her faith during her Boards Exams, making the examiners feel uncomfortable. It is revealed that she is the only one out of the residents to have failed her Boards Exams. She receives phone calls from other hospital retracting their offers of fellowships and is laid off from Seattle Grace. Although Avery has true feelings for her, she pushes him away because she believes that he feels guilty for having sex with her. As a celebration of the conclusion of their residencies, the former chief of surgery Richard Webber (James Pickens, Jr.) organizes his annual dinner for them. The eighth season ends with Kepner, Avery, Karev and Webber waiting for Meredith and Yang, who are victims of an aviation accident.

text: Months later, Hunt goes to visit April, who had moved back to her parents' farm in Moline, Ohio. In the wake of the tragic aviation accident, he offers her an attending position at the hospital. When she gets back to Seattle Grace, she resumes her sexual relationship with Avery, despite claiming she wants to re-virginise. April has a pregnancy scare and Jackson promises that he will be there every step of the way, even marry her, if she tests positive. When April finds out that she is not pregnant, she is overjoyed, but inadvertently hurts Jackson's feelings by saying that they dodged a bullet, seemingly thrilled that they don't have to get married anymore. Jackson breaks up with April.

text: April suggests to Jackson that they each take a date to Bailey's wedding in an attempt to move on. Jackson takes intern Stephanie; the two bond and eventually have sex. When Jackson tells April that he is sleeping with somebody else, she is visibly crushed and tells him that they can't be friends again until she has gotten over him. In the next episode, a very attractive paramedic named Matthew (Justin Bruening) asks April out for coffee and they start seeing each other. Shortly afterwards she turns to Jackson for dating advice and it is hinted that Jackson is still in love with her when he shows signs of jealousy but Jackson overcomes his jealousy and they then re-establish their friendship. She confesses to Matthew that she is not a virgin anymore as she led him to believe and he breaks up with her because she lied to him. However, in the next episode, Matthew forgives April and they get back together. He asks her to marry him through a flash mob and she says yes. In the season 9 finale, April thinks she lost Jackson when a bus blew up and tells him she loves him, but he only has a few injuries. She remains engaged to Matthew while Jackson dates Stephanie. At the wedding, Jackson realizes he still loves April and stands up professing his love. Jackson and April are seen driving off together at the start of the following episode and later it is revealed that they have secretly eloped.

text: At first April and Jackson do not tell their friends about their marriage, but later they do because of a new rule at the hospital. Catherine Avery is not at all happy about her son's elopement with April, and the fact that there wasn't a prenuptial agreement. They soon make up after April signs a postnuptial agreement. Jackson and April soon hit a rough patch when they realize that they have different views in the way their children should be raised religious. Not long after their fight, April realizes she is pregnant. April and Jackson's baby is diagnosed during pregnancy with Osteogenesis Imperfecta type 2, and learn that the baby will not survive long after birth. Jackson believes that termination is the best option, however April would rather give birth to the baby knowing it will not live very long. They scheduled an induction for the next day, at the beginning of the appointment they are asked to sign their baby's death certificate, which is too hard for the couple to bear. April doesn't sign the papers and returns to work the same day praying for a miracle, while at work she has a heart to heart with a lady who lost her fiancé the night before. They decide to give birth to the baby via induction at 24 weeks gestation having it baptized right then. She gave birth to Samuel Norbert Avery, and he died a few hours after birth. In the following weeks after Samuel's death, April and Jackson find it hard to be around each other and be intimate with one another. After April tries to seduce Jackson in a supply closet, Jackson asks if she is sure she wants this so soon after the death of their son, leaving April to storm out in anger. In the series 11 finale April decides to join Owen Hunt for 3 months as a trauma surgeon with the army; this not being well received by Jackson. But after April states she needs this in order to grieve Samuel - Jackson lets her leave. Over the following months April lengthens her stay in the army, this having a strain on her and Jackson's marriage as Jackson can rarely get a hold of her or talk to her over the phone. On Christmas Day after already being away for some time, April announces to Jackson while on video chat that she is staying for a longer service period, Jackson becomes angry with April but the conversation is cut short by sounds of gunfire and explosions from April's base camp, leaving her to terminate the call; meanwhile Jackson is unsure whether his wife is hurt or if she is ever coming home. On Valentine's Day April returns to the hospital surprising Jackson, and they embrace in the foyer.

text: In Season 12, April and Jackson go through divorce proceedings started by Jackson. The morning before they sign the divorce papers, April discovers that she is expecting a second baby. She does not inform Jackson, and he is told by Arizona Robbins, which leads to additional tension. After Catherine Avery convinces Jackson to fight for full custody of his unborn child, April takes out a restraining order against him. The Averys' lawyer asks for all documentation of their marriage, when reading through their wedding vows, Jackson realizes that they should fix the situation for their child. He and April decide to raise their son or daughter together as friends. Complications arise when April needs a c-section and Ben Warren has to do it without anesthesia or other medications.

text: In Seasons 13 and 14, April faces a crisis of faith, between Samuel, her divorce, and her c-section, she believed that good people get punished and bad people get good things. In episode 17 of Season 14 she encounters a patient who has reacted to antibiotics with a severe case of TEN which causes his skin to separate from his body. Which leaves him to die within the next few hours. This patients last dying wish was to help someone in need of a Rabbi. This man helped Kepner in a way that Jackson and Hunt couldn't. He then died a painful death with the comfort of believing his wife was there while April cried as he died. Episode 18 Season 14, April apologized to everyone, and in turn, got her ex-husband in trouble with his girlfriend, Dr. Maggie Peirce.

text: Development[edit]

text: Casting and creation[edit]

text:
"I think it's a really fun character and, of course, getting to be on that show is wonderful and exciting for any actress in Hollywood."

Drew on her role in Grey's Anatomy.[2]

tag: div

text: Drew was cast in late September 2009 and first appeared on the show in the fifth episode of the sixth season as one of the residents from the Mercy West Hospital after its merger with Seattle Grace.[2] Drew was brought aboard Grey's Anatomy after former collaborations with the Series' producer and creator Shonda Rhimes;[3] she was formally featured as a guest in two episodes of Private Practice in 2008 and was one of the main cast in Rhimes television pilot Inside the Box (2009) which was eventually not picked up by ABC.[3] Her casting came after the absence of some of the central cast members, notably Katherine Heigl departure after her maternity leave and Ellen Pompeo's absence due to pregnancy.[2][3]

text: Drew was originally contracted to guest star in a multi-episodes story arc where her character would be eventually fired from the series after two episodes.[3] She explained: "I came on to the show and I was told from day one that I was only going to be there for two episodes. I did not expect anything beyond that. The morning my firing episode aired, my agent got a call that they were talking about a contract and I was just completely floored."[3] However she was promoted to a series regular on June 9, 2010 for the seventh season of the show.[12] Rhimes said in the wake of the news: "Kepner has really been folded into the group" of Grey's Anatomy adding "It'll depend on what the studio and the network decide to do with those actors, but I fully advocate to have [the characters]".[13] Drew received the call for her promotion the morning after the sixth episode of season six was telecast on October 29, 2009. She described the call as a "totally happy surprise".[14]

text: Characterization[edit]

text: "I love the idea that there's this person that everybody kind of hates, yet they all have to deal with, [and even] lean on. She is one of them, even though they find her terribly annoying, and I think that that's sort of charming."[15]

text: Drew's character has been called intelligent, hardworking, thorough and determined by Grey's Anatomy executives.[16] But she is also considered vulnerable, insecure, sensitive and overly eager by her colleagues.[16] Of the character, Drew said: "April is a very, very good doctor. She really knows what she's doing, she's worked really hard, and she certainly wants to do her best and stick around."[2] but also described her as "annoying", "neurotic" and "really insecure".[17] In the eighth season, April's position as chief resident and her struggle to get a handle on her fellow residents formed the central arc of her storyline. Rhimes explained: "Watching April try to be in charge of Cristina and Alex and Jackson is a pretty impossible task, and it’s made for comedy, it’s one of the funniest things we’re working on this season."[18] One of Kepner's central characteristics is her religious belief, notably her chastity and her instance on saving herself for someone she truly loves.[19] In an interview, Drew assessed that: There certainly has never been a 28-year-old virgin on Grey’s. I don’t even think there’s been a 28-year-old virgin on television. Unless it’s someone who is sort of a recluse. A normal, smart, doctor….pretty, healthy…that in and of itself is really fascinating, and really interesting, and totally different. It’s neat to see someone who is just totally clueless in that area. Everyone else [On Grey' Anatomy] seems like they know exactly what they’re doing. April is totally, totally clueless. Shonda told one of the directors, there are virgins that have sort of done everything else. But not April. April’s really pretty much done nothing. She’s completely untouched."[20]

text: Relationships[edit]

text: Kepner entertained several relationships throughout her time on Grey's Anatomy. In her early appearances, she is introduced as the best friend and roommate of her fellow Mercy West resident, Reed Adamson. In the season six finale, when Reed is tragically murdered by Gary Clark during the shooting, April is the first to find her when she trips over her dead body. In season seven April forms a friendship with Meredith Grey and she eventually moves into her house. Ellen Pompeo offered regarding their bond: "Meredith will accept April in order to get the audience to accept her,"[21] and Drew further explained: "She’s being plugged into the community. Meredith has really taken her under her wing, is really looking out for her. Having Meredith come around to April helps the audience come around to April."[20]

text: She first develops a crush on Derek Shepherd in season six. Carina MacKenzie from The Los Angeles Times called it "ridiculous" and added: "April is drooling all over Chief McDreamy. Vomit. (...) She's been reduced to a 12-year-old with hearts in her eyes and a painful inability to be subtle."[7] Drew herself was skeptical about it, saying: "The biggest thing that people did not like about my character was they thought I was a threat for the Mer/Der relationship, which I kind of found was super ridiculous (...) I never saw it as anything that would ever transpire into something that might threaten them. I only saw it as a really pathetic little crush."[20] She briefly has feelings for Alex Karev who almost makes her lose her virginity when he tries to sleep with her in Something's Gotta Give. Wetpaint commented that he made her feel "worthless and unwanted when she was at her most vulnerable."[22] Kepner also briefly dates Dr. Robert Stark, a senior pediatric surgical attending. After her fellow residents make fun of her, she breaks up with him, creating a coldness between them. However, it is Stark who recommends her as chief resident to Dr. Hunt. Drew stated: “She sees a side to Dr. Stark that he doesn’t show to anyone else at the hospital, and she finds that part endearing...I think they enjoy the companionship.”[23]

text: In the end of season eight, Kepner embarks on a relationship with her best friend turned lover Jackson Avery (Williams), who she loses her virginity to and that eventually leads her to reflect on her faith and fail her boards.[24] Critics praised the chemistry between April and Jackon.[25] Rhimes commented on the dynamic between the two in season nine and said: “I think it’s going to be funny, sexy, and good.”[26]

text: Reception[edit]

text: The character received mixed reviews from critics and fans alike. Initially, Carina MacKenzie of the Los Angeles Times highly praised the characterization of Kepner. writing: "One of my favorite Mercy Westers is intern April (Sarah Drew). Her saccharine-sweet attitude and wide-eyed insincerity were hilarious, as was her super-mysterious hot pink notebook full of morale-boosting platitudes."[7] However, she criticized the later development of her story, especially her crush on Derek Shepherd calling it "vomit"[27] PopSugar noted similarities between Kepner and Lexie Grey, stating: "Am I the only one who thinks the new doctor is kind of like Lexie 2.0? Their dynamic reminded me of when Lexie first started and tries really hard to make nice with Mere, but gets the cold shoulder in return."[28] Mariella Mosthof from Wetpaint stated: "Despite her obnoxious yet well-meaning tendencies, we briefly flirted with the idea of liking April's character last season, and it looks like there's plenty of opportunity for her to come back and charm us again yet again this time around." Reviewing the first part of the eight season, Courtney Morrison of TV Fanatic wrote: "Although the girl has grown in terms of likeability, her downfalls still outweigh the positives. She doesn't really bring too much to the table. She wasn't the best choice for Chief Resident; she doesn't seem to be on the same level surgical wise and she hasn't carried a story on her own that makes us care about her."[29]

text: Kepner was included in TV Guide's list of The Most Loathed TV Characters, adding: "The extremely neurotic April (she makes Liz Lemon look laid back) has slowly made strides with fans thanks to her personal setbacks — she lost her treasured virginity to her best friend and failed her boards — but she still has a long way to go."[6] Entertainment Weekly also named her one of the "21 Most Annoying TV Characters Ever", commenting: "April's lightened up a little this season [season 9], but a few episodes of sympathetic behavior can't erase the painful memories of Seattle Grace-Mercy West's most irritating doctor being."[30] TV Fanatic included her in their list of Worst Character on TV. Christina Tran commented: "Could she be any more annoying?!?"[31] Drew stated that it was initially "hard" for her as an actress to play an unpopular character but deemed her "interesting" and when she was informed by the writers that her character would get Dr. Shepherd (Dempsey) shot in the season six finale, her reaction was: "Oh, come on, guys, really? They already hate my character, now they're going to hate her even more!"[17]

text: Critics reception gradually changed positively. Entertainment Weekly noted: "April was chirpy, irritating, and immature, and her crush on Derek didn't endear her to us either. But these days, we say hooray for April; since Meredith declared that the two of them are pals, April's become a lot more tolerable, instead of being Lexie 2.0."[32] Courtney Morrison of TVFanatic wrote: "April has grown since her character was introduced. She’s no longer much less annoying than she used to be, and she’s honest. A girl with principles is a girl you want to do well." and described her and Avery as "a couple for whom viewers can root".[33] The Hollywood Reporter also remarked: "It's nice to see April with a bit of a backbone and putting Alex in his place as the newfound confidence suits her well."[34]


document_title: Justice League (film)

question_text: when does justice league come out in mexico

text: Justice League (film)

text: Plot[edit]

text: Thousands of years ago, Steppenwolf and his legions of Parademons attempts to take over Earth with the combined energies of three Mother Boxes. They are foiled by a unified army that included the Olympian Gods, Amazons, Atlanteans, mankind, and the Green Lantern Corps. After repelling Steppenwolf's army, the Mother Boxes are separated and hidden in locations on the planet. In the present, mankind is in mourning over Superman, whose death triggers the Mother Boxes to reactivate and Steppenwolf's return to Earth in an effort to regain favor with his master, Darkseid. Steppenwolf aims to gather the artifacts to form "The Unity", which will destroy Earth's ecology and terraform it in the image of Steppenwolf's homeworld.

text: Steppenwolf retrieves the Mother Box from Themyscira, prompting Queen Hippolyta to warn her daughter Diana of Steppenwolf's return. Diana joins Bruce Wayne in his attempt to unite other metahumans to their cause, with Wayne going after Arthur Curry and Barry Allen, while Diana tries to locate Victor Stone. Wayne fails to persuade Curry, but manages to recruit an enthusiastic Allen onto the team. Although Diana fails to convince Stone to join, he agrees to help them locate the threat if he discovers their location. Stone later joins the team after his father Silas, along with several other S.T.A.R. Labs employees, is kidnapped by Steppenwolf seeking to acquire the Mother Box from mankind.

text: Steppenwolf attacks Atlantis to retrieve the next Mother Box, forcing Curry into action. The team receives intel from Commissioner James Gordon leading them to Steppenwolf's army, based in an abandoned facility under Gotham Harbor. Although the group manages to rescue the kidnapped employees, the facility is flooded during combat, which traps the team until Curry helps delay the flood so they can escape. Stone retrieves the last Mother Box, which he had hidden, for the group to analyze. Stone reveals that his father used the Mother Box to rebuild Stone's body after an accident almost cost him his life. Facing overwhelming odds against Steppenwolf's army, Wayne decides to use the Mother Box to resurrect Superman, not only to help them fight off Steppenwolf's invasion, but also to restore hope to mankind. Diana and Curry are hesitant about the idea, but Wayne forms a secret contingency plan in case Superman returns as a nemesis.

text: Clark Kent's body is exhumed and placed in the amniotic fluid of the genesis chamber of the Kryptonian ship alongside the Mother Box, which in turn activates and successfully resurrects Superman. However, Superman's memories have not returned, and he attacks the group after Stone accidentally launches a projectile at him. On the verge of being killed by Superman, Batman enacts his contingency plan: Lois Lane. Superman calms down and leaves with Lane to his family home in Smallville, where he reflects and tries to recover his memories. With the final Mother Box unguarded, Steppenwolf retrieves it with ease. Without Superman to aid them, the five heroes travel to a village in Russia where Steppenwolf aims to unite the Mother Boxes once again and remake Earth. The team fights their way through the Parademons to reach Steppenwolf, although they are unable to distract him enough for Stone to separate the Mother boxes. Superman arrives and assists Allen in evacuating the city, as well as Stone in separating the Mother Boxes. The team defeats Steppenwolf, who, overcome with fear, is attacked by his own Parademons before they all teleport away.

text: In the aftermath of the battle, Bruce and Diana agree to setup a base of operations for the team, with room for more members. Diana steps back into the public spotlight as a hero; Barry acquires a job in Central City's police department, impressing his father; Victor continues to explore and enhance his abilities with his father in S.T.A.R. Labs; Arthur returns to Atlantis; and Superman resumes his life as reporter Clark Kent. In a post-credits scene, Lex Luthor escapes from Arkham Asylum and recruits Slade Wilson to form their own league.

text: Cast[edit]

text:
Ben Affleck as Bruce Wayne / Batman:
A wealthy socialite, and the owner of Wayne Enterprises. He dedicates himself to protecting Gotham City from its criminal underworld as a highly trained, masked vigilante equipped with various tools and weapons.
Henry Cavill as Clark Kent / Superman:
A member of, and inspiration for, the Justice League, a Kryptonian survivor, and a journalist for the Daily Planet based in Metropolis.
Amy Adams as Lois Lane:
An undaunted and compassionate award-winning journalist for the Daily Planet and the love interest for Kent.[7]
Gal Gadot as Diana Prince / Wonder Woman:
An antiquities dealer, acquaintance of Wayne, and an immortal Amazonian warrior, who is the crown princess of Themyscira and daughter of Hippolyta and Zeus. She is endowed with metahuman attributes and abilities inherited from her parents.
Ezra Miller as Barry Allen / The Flash:
A Central City University student, who can move at superhuman speeds with his ability to tap into the Speed Force.
Jason Momoa as Arthur Curry / Aquaman:
The heir to the throne of the undersea nation of Atlantis.[8] His metahuman aquatic abilities and physical attributes originate from his Atlantean physiology.
Ray Fisher as Victor Stone / Cyborg:
A former college athlete who, after being cybernetically reconstructed after a nearly fatal car accident, is turned into a techno-organic being enhanced by reactive, adaptive biomimetic alien technology. Fisher portrays the character through the use of motion capture for the cybernetic portion of his body.[9]
Jeremy Irons as Alfred Pennyworth: Wayne's butler, chief of security, and trusted confidant.[10]
Diane Lane as Martha Kent: Kent's adoptive mother.[7]
Connie Nielsen as Hippolyta: Diana's mother and Queen of the Amazons.[7]
J. K. Simmons as James Gordon: The Commissioner of the Gotham City Police Department, and close ally of Batman.[7]
Ciarán Hinds as the voice of Steppenwolf: An alien military officer from Apokolips who leads an army of Parademons and is searching for the three Mother Boxes held on Earth. The character is described as "old, tired" and trying to find a way to escape his role of servitude under Darkseid.[11] Hinds portrayed the villain through use of motion capture and received some advice in the process from Liam Neeson, who had recently done similar work in A Monster Calls.[12]

tag: ul

text: The Olympian Old Gods Zeus, Ares and Artemis are portrayed by fitness model Sergi Constance, stuntman Nick McKinless, and MMA fighter Aurore Lauzeral, respectively.[13][14] All three were required to reach a specific degree of physicality, with Snyder instructing McKinless to sport "veins like worms and paper thin skin". In the finished film, McKinless' face was replaced with David Thewlis's face, and Thewlis received credit as Ares.[13] Robin Wright reprises her role as Antiope during a flashback sequence.[15] Julian Lewis Jones appears as King Atlan, the ancient king of Atlantis, while Amber Heard portrays the Atlantean Mera.[16][7] Joe Morton reprises his role as Silas Stone, Victor Stone's father and S.T.A.R. Labs' head while Billy Crudup appears as Henry Allen, Barry Allen's father.[15] Joe Manganiello and Jesse Eisenberg appear uncredited in a post-credits scene as Slade Wilson / Deathstroke and Lex Luthor, respectively.[17] Michael McElhatton appears as a bank robber who clashes with Wonder Woman early in the film,[18] while Holt McCallany makes an uncredited appearance as a burglar.[19] Marc McClure, who portrayed Jimmy Olsen in the Christopher Reeve Superman film series, has a cameo as a police officer.[20] An unidentified Green Lantern appears at the beginning of the film, created by use of CGI and embodied by an uncredited actor. Willem Dafoe and Kiersey Clemons filmed scenes as Nuidis Vulko and Iris West, respectively, although their roles were cut from the final film. Both actors are signed for multiple films and will appear in future installments of the franchise, Aquaman and Flashpoint, respectively.[21][22] Early in production, a scene depicting Green Lanterns Kilowog and Tomar-Re visiting Batman was filmed as another post-credits scene, further teasing Green Lantern Corps. The scene was later scrapped.[23]

text: Production[edit]

text: Development[edit]

text: In February 2007, it was announced that Warner Bros. had hired husband and wife duo Michele and Kieran Mulroney to write a script for a Justice League film.[24] The news came around the same time that Joss Whedon's long-developed Wonder Woman film was cancelled,[25] as well as The Flash, written and directed by David S. Goyer.[26] Reportedly titled Justice League: Mortal,[27] Michele and Kiernan Mulroney submitted their script to Warner Bros. in June 2007, receiving positive feedback,[28] which prompted the studio to immediately fast track production in the hope of beginning filming before the 2007–08 Writers Guild of America strike.[29] Warner Bros. was less willing to proceed with development of a sequel to Superman Returns, having been disappointed with its box office. Brandon Routh was not approached to reprise the role of Superman in Justice League: Mortal,[30] nor was Christian Bale from Batman Begins.[31] Warner Bros. intended for Justice League: Mortal to be the start of a new film franchise, and to branch out into separate sequels and spin-offs.[32] Shortly after filming The Dark Knight,[33] Bale stated in an interview that "It'd be better if it doesn't tread on the toes of what our Batman series is doing," and felt it would make more sense for Warner Bros. to release the film after The Dark Knight Rises.[31] Jason Reitman was the original choice to direct Justice League, but he turned it down, as he considers himself an independent filmmaker and prefers to stay out of big budget superhero films.[34] George Miller signed to direct in September 2007,[29] with Barrie Osbourne producing[35] on a projected $220 million budget.[36]

text: The following month, roughly 40 actors and actresses auditioned for the ensemble superhero roles, among them Joseph Cross, Michael Angarano, Max Thieriot, Minka Kelly, Adrianne Palicki and Scott Porter. Miller had intended to cast younger actors, as he wanted them to "grow" into their roles over the course of several films.[33] D. J. Cotrona was cast as Superman,[32] along with Armie Hammer as Batman.[37] Jessica Biel reportedly declined to play Wonder Woman role after negotiations.[38] The character was also linked to actresses Teresa Palmer and Shannyn Sossamon, along with Mary Elizabeth Winstead, who confirmed that she had auditioned.[39] Ultimately, Megan Gale was cast as Wonder Woman,[40] while Palmer was cast as Talia al Ghul, whom Miller had in mind to act with a Russian accent.[41] The script for Justice League: Mortal would have featured John Stewart as Green Lantern, a role originally offered to Columbus Short.[42] Hip hop recording artist and rapper Common was cast,[43] with Adam Brody as Barry Allen / Flash,[44] and Jay Baruchel as the lead villain, Maxwell Lord.[45] Longtime Miller collaborator Hugh Keays-Byrne had been cast in an unnamed role, rumored to be Martian Manhunter. Aquaman had yet to be cast.[33][36] Marit Allen was hired as the original costume designer before her untimely death in November 2007,[46] and the responsibilities were assumed by Weta Workshop.[47]

text: However, the writers strike began that same month and placed the film on hold. Warner Bros. had to let the options lapse for the cast,[48] but development was fast tracked once more in February 2008 when the strike ended. Warner Bros. and Miller wanted to start filming immediately,[49] but production was pushed back three months.[32] Originally, the majority of Justice League: Mortal was to be shot at Fox Studios Australia in Sydney,[36] with other locations scouted nearby at local colleges,[35] and Sydney Heads doubling for Happy Harbor.[27] The Australian Film Commission had a say with casting choices, giving way for George Miller to cast Gale, Palmer and Keays-Bryne, all Australian natives. The production crew was composed entirely of Australians, but the Australian government denied Warner Bros. a 40 percent tax rebate as they felt they had not hired enough Australian actors.[36][50] Miller was frustrated, stating that "A once-in-a-lifetime opportunity for the Australian film industry is being frittered away because of very lazy thinking. They're throwing away hundreds of millions of dollars of investment that the rest of the world is competing for and, much more significantly, highly skilled creative jobs."[51] Production offices were then moved to Vancouver Film Studios in Canada. Filming was pushed back to July 2008, while Warner Bros was still confident they could produce the film for a summer 2009 release.[52][53]

text: With production delays continuing, and the success of The Dark Knight in July 2008,[54] Warner Bros. decided to focus on the development of individual films featuring the main heroes, allowing director Christopher Nolan to separately complete his Batman trilogy with The Dark Knight Rises in 2012. Gregory Noveck, senior vice president of creative affairs for DC Entertainment, stated, "we're going to make a Justice League movie, whether it's now or 10 years from now. But we're not going to do it and Warners is not going to do it until we know it's right."[55] Actor Adam Brody joked "They [Warner Brothers] just didn't want to cross their streams with a whole bunch of Batmans in the universe."[56] Warner Bros. relaunched development for a solo Green Lantern film, released in 2011 as a critical and financial disappointment. Meanwhile, film adaptations for The Flash and Wonder Woman continued to languish in development, while filming for a Superman reboot commenced in 2011 with Man of Steel, produced by Nolan and written by Batman screenwriter David S. Goyer. Shortly after filming on Man of Steel was complete, Warner Bros hired Will Beall to write the script for a new Justice League film.[57] Warner Bros. president Jeff Robinov explained that Man of Steel would be "setting the tone for what the movies are going to be like going forward. In that, it's definitely a first step."[58] The film included references to the existence of other superheroes in the DC Universe,[59] and set the tone for a shared fictional universe of DC Comics characters on film.[60] Goyer stated that should Green Lantern appear in a future installment, it would be a rebooted version of the character, unconnected to the 2011 film.[61]

text: With the release of Man of Steel in June 2013, Goyer was hired to write a sequel, as well as a new Justice League, with the Beall draft being scrapped.[62] The sequel was later revealed to be Batman v Superman: Dawn of Justice, a team-up film featuring Henry Cavill as Superman, Ben Affleck as Batman, Gal Gadot as Wonder Woman, Ezra Miller as The Flash, Jason Momoa as Aquaman, and Ray Fisher as Victor Stone / Cyborg, the latter three in minor roles that became more significant in the Justice League film. The universe is separate from Nolan and Goyer's work on The Dark Knight trilogy, although Nolan was still involved as an executive producer for Batman v Superman.[63] In April 2014, it was announced that Zack Snyder would also direct Goyer's Justice League script.[64] Warner Bros. was reportedly courting Chris Terrio to rewrite Justice League the following July, after having been impressed with his rewrite of Batman v Superman: Dawn of Justice.[65] On October 15, 2014, Warner Bros. announced the film would be released in two parts, with Part One on November 17, 2017, and Part Two on June 14, 2019. Snyder was set to direct both films.[66] In early July 2015, EW revealed that the script for Justice League Part One had been completed by Terrio.[67] Zack Snyder stated that the film would be inspired by the New Gods comic series by Jack Kirby.[68] Although Justice League was initially announced as a two-part film, with the second part set for release two years after the first, Snyder stated in June 2016 that they would be two distinct, separate films and not one film split into two parts, both being stand-alone stories.[69][70]

text: Casting[edit]

text: In April 2014, Ray Fisher was cast as Victor Stone / Cyborg. He first cameod in Batman v Superman: Dawn of Justice, followed by a larger role in Justice League.[71][72] Henry Cavill, Ben Affleck, Gal Gadot, Diane Lane and Amy Adams also reprised their roles from Batman v Superman.[66][73] In October 2014, Jason Momoa was cast as Arthur Curry / Aquaman and debuted as the character in Dawn of Justice.[74][75] On October 20, 2014, Momoa told ComicBook.com that the Justice League film would be released first, and that is what they were preparing for. He thought the solo Aquaman film may be Aquaman's origin story.[76] On January 13, 2016, The Hollywood Reporter announced that Amber Heard was in negotiations to appear in the film as Aquaman's love interest Mera.[77] In March 2016, producer Charles Roven said that Green Lantern would not appear in any film before Justice League Part Two, and stated that they "could put Green Lantern in some introduction in Justice League 2, or barring that, a movie after."[78] Also in March, The Hollywood Reporter announced that J. K. Simmons had been cast as Commissioner James Gordon,[79] and Heard was confirmed to join the cast as Mera.[80] Adams also confirmed that she would reprise her role as Lois Lane in both Justice League films.[81][82] By April 2016, Willem Dafoe had been cast in an undisclosed role,[83] later revealed to be Nuidis Vulko,[84] while Cavill confirmed that he would return for both Justice League films.[85] In May 2016, Jeremy Irons confirmed he would appear as Alfred Pennyworth.[10] That same month, Jesse Eisenberg stated that he would reprise his role as Lex Luthor, and in June 2016, confirmed his return in an interview with Shortlist magazine.[86][87] In July 2016, Julian Lewis Jones was cast in an undisclosed role, later revealed to be Atlan, the king of Atlantis.[16] Laurence Fishburne, who portrays Perry White in the DCEU, said he declined to reprise his role in the film due to scheduling conflicts.[88] In April 2017, Michael McElhatton revealed that he had a role in Justice League, which was later revealed to be a bank robber who faces off against Wonder Woman.[18]

text: Filming[edit]

text: Principal photography commenced on April 11, 2016, with shooting taking place at Warner Bros. Studios, Leavesden, as well as various locations around London and Scotland. Additional filming took place in Chicago, Illinois, Los Angeles, and Djúpavík, in the Westfjords[89] of Iceland.[83][90][91] The old herring factory in Djúpavík was one Iceland filming location (Ben Affleck appeared to be standing near the herring oil tanks in the "Heroes" trailer). Snyder's longtime cinematographer Larry Fong was replaced by Fabian Wagner due to scheduling conflicts.[91] Affleck also served as executive producer.[92] In May 2016, it was revealed that Geoff Johns and Jon Berg would produce the Justice League films, and would also be in charge of the DC Extended Universe, after the largely negative critical reception of Batman v Superman: Dawn of Justice.[93] The same month, Irons stated that the Justice League storyline would be more linear and simple, compared to the theatrical version of Batman v Superman: Dawn of Justice.[94] Johns confirmed on June 3, 2016 that the title of the film is Justice League,[95] and later stated that the film would be "hopeful and optimistic" in comparison to previous DCEU films.[96] Filming wrapped in October 2016.[97][98][99]

text: Post-production[edit]

text: In May 2017, Snyder stepped down during post-production of the film to properly deal with the death of his daughter. Joss Whedon, whom Snyder had previously brought on to rewrite some additional scenes, took over to handle post-production duties in Snyder's place.[100] In July 2017, it was announced the film was undergoing two months of reshoots in London and Los Angeles, with Warner Bros. putting about $25 million into them (more than the typical $6–10 million additional filming costs).[101] The reshoots coincided with Cavill's schedule for Mission: Impossible – Fallout, for which he had grown a moustache which he was contracted to keep while filming, so Justice League's VFX team used special effects to digitally remove the moustache in post-production.[102] Warner Bros. later announced that Whedon would receive a screenwriting credit on the film alongside Chris Terrio.[103]

text: Music[edit]

text: In March 2016, Hans Zimmer, who co-composed the score for Man of Steel and Batman v Superman: Dawn of Justice, stated that he had officially retired from the "superhero business".[104] Junkie XL, who wrote and composed the soundtrack of Batman v Superman: Dawn of Justice with Zimmer, was originally scoring the film.[105] In June 2017, Danny Elfman was announced to have replaced Junkie XL.[106] Elfman had previously composed the films Batman and Batman Returns, and the theme music for Batman: The Animated Series. Elfman confirmed that he would use the Batman theme music from the 1989 film for Batman in the film, and would also briefly use John Williams' Superman theme during "a dark, twisted moment" in the film.[107][108] The film features a cover of Leonard Cohen's "Everybody Knows" performed by Sigrid, "Icky Thump" performed by the White Stripes, and a cover of the Beatles' "Come Together" performed by Gary Clark Jr. and Junkie XL.[109]

text: Release[edit]

text: Justice League held its world premiere in Beijing on October 26, 2017, and was theatrically released in North America in standard, RealD 3D and IMAX on November 17, 2017.[110] Justice League was released on Digital HD on February 13, 2018, and is scheduled to be released on Blu-ray, Blu-ray 3D, 4K Ultra-HD Blu-ray and DVD on March 13, 2018.[111]

text: Box office[edit]

text: As of February 25, 2018[update], Justice League has grossed $228.9 million in the United States and Canada, and $428.8 million in other territories, for a worldwide total of $657.7 million, against a production budget of $300 million.[3] It had a worldwide opening of $278.8 million, the 24th biggest of all-time.[112][113] The estimated gross worldwide for the film to break even is around $750 million.[114]

text: In the United States and Canada, industry tracking initially forecast the film debuting to $110–120 million from 4,051 theaters (including 400 IMAX screens).[115] It made $13 million from Thursday night previews, up from the $11 million made by Wonder Woman the previous June.[116] However, after making $38.8 million on its first day (including Thursday previews), weekend projections were lowered to $95 million. It ended up debuting to $93.8 million, down 45% from Batman v Superman's opening of $166 million, and being the first film of the DCEU to open under $100 million. Deadline.com attributed the low figure to lukewarm audience reaction to the film and most of its predecessors, as well as poor critical reception, and partly Warner-owned[not in citation given] film review aggregation website Rotten Tomatoes not posting their aggregated score until the day before release, causing speculation and doubt from filmgoers.[117] In its second weekend, the film dropped 56% to $41.1 million, finishing second at the box office, behind newcomer Coco.[118] It was the second-best second weekend hold of the DCEU, behind Wonder Woman's 43%, but the lowest overall gross.[119] In its third week it again finished second behind Coco, grossing $16.7 million.[120]

text: Internationally, the film was projected to debut to $215–235 million for a worldwide opening of $325–355 million.[121] It made $8.5 million on its first day from nine countries, including South Korea, France and Brazil.[116] It ended up having a $185 million international debut from 65 countries, including $57.1 million from China, $9.8 million from the United Kingdom, $9.6 million from Mexico and $8.8 million from South Korea. The film broke a record in the Philippines with a debut of $1.12M (PHP 57.3M), making it the biggest industry opening day for a film there in 2017.[122] In Brazil, the film opened to $14.2 million, the biggest opening in the country's history.[112]

text: Critical response[edit]

text: Justice League received mixed reviews, with critics praising the action sequences and solid performances (primarily Gadot and Miller) while criticizing the writing, pacing, and CGI, as well as the plot (regarded as thin), and the villain (regarded as underdeveloped).[123] On review aggregator website Rotten Tomatoes, the film has an approval rating of 40%, based on 303 reviews, with an average rating of 5.3/10. The site's critical consensus reads, "Justice League leaps over a number of DC movies, but its single bound isn't enough to shed the murky aesthetic, thin characters, and chaotic action that continue to dog the franchise."[124] Metacritic, which uses a weighted average, assigned the film a score of 45 out of 100, based on 52 critics, indicating "mixed or average reviews".[125] Audiences polled by CinemaScore gave the film an average grade of "B+" on an A+ to F scale,[117] whereas PostTrak surveyed audiences scored the film 4 out of 5.[126]

text: Richard Roeper of Chicago Sun-Times gave the film 3.5 out of 4 stars, praising the cast, especially Gadot, and saying "It's a putting-the-band-together origins movie, executed with great fun and energy."[127] Owen Gleiberman of Variety gave the film a positive review and wrote, "Justice League... has been conceived, in each and every frame, to correct the sins of Batman v Superman. It's not just a sequel—it's an act of franchise penance. The movie... is never messy or bombastic. It's light and clean and simple (at times almost too simple), with razory repartee and combat duels that make a point of not going on for too long."[128]

text: Writing for Rolling Stone, Peter Travers gave the film 2.5 out of 4 stars, praising the cast but criticizing the action sequences and writing, saying: "The scenes of the League members together, bickering and bonding, spike the film with humor and genuine feeling, creating a rooting interest in the audience. Without it, the film would crumble."[129] Conversely, Todd McCarthy of The Hollywood Reporter, while praising Gadot and Miller, called the film visually ugly and boring, saying, "Fatigue, repetition and a laborious approach to exposition are the keynotes of this affair, which is also notable for how Ben Affleck, donning the bat suit for the second time, looks like he'd rather be almost anywhere else but here."[130]

text: Accolades[edit]

text: The film's poster was nominated for "Best Action Poster" by the Golden Trailer Awards in June 2017.[131] In December 2017, Ezra Miller was nominated for "Best Comedic Performance" for his role as Barry Allen by the San Diego Film Critics Society.[132] Justice League was nominated for "Most Disappointing Film" by the Oklahoma Film Critics Circle Awards, and it was tied in second place with The Dark Tower.[133]

text: Sequel[edit]

text: A sequel was scheduled to be released in June 2019,[66] but has since been delayed to accommodate the release for a standalone Batman film.[134] By March 2017, producer Charles Roven announced that Zack Snyder would return as director.[135] In October 2017, J. K. Simmons stated that the studio is working on a sequel script, alongside The Batman.[136] Shortly after the release of Justice League, Henry Cavill stated that he is under contract with Warner Bros. to play Superman for one more film.[137]

text: In December 2017, it was reported that there were "no immediate plans" for Zack Snyder to direct a Justice League sequel, or any other DC films, with Snyder instead being relegated to an executive producer position. This comes after a reshuffling of film production staff at Warner Bros. due to the film's financial performance.[138]