document_title: Professional certification

question_text: what does certifications mean on a job application

question_tokens: what does certifications mean on a job application

text: Professional certification

text: Overview[edit]

text: A certification is a third-party attestation of an individual's level of knowledge or proficiency in a certain industry or profession. They are granted by authorities in the field, such as professional societies and universities, or by private certificate-granting agencies. Most certifications are time-limited; some expire after a period of time (e.g., the lifetime of a product that required certification for use), while others can be renewed indefinitely as long as certain requirements are met. Renewal usually requires ongoing education to remain up-to-date on advancements in the field, evidenced by earning the specified number of continuing education credits (CECs), or continuing education units (CEUs), from approved professional development courses.

text: Many certification programs are affiliated with professional associations, trade organizations, or private vendors interested in raising industry standards. Certificate programs are often created or endorsed by professional associations, but are typically completely independent from membership organizations. Certifications are very common in fields such as aviation, construction, technology, environment, and other industrial sectors, as well as healthcare, business, real estate, and finance.

text: According to The Guide to National Professional Certification Programs (1997) by Phillip Barnhart, "certifications are portable, since they do not depend on one company's definition of a certain job" and they provide protential employers with "an impartial, third-party endorsement of an individual's professional knowledge and experience".[1]

text: Certification is different from professional licensure. In the United States, licenses are typically issued by state agencies, whereas certifications are usually awarded by professional societies or educational institutes. Obtaining a certificate is voluntary in some fields, but in others, certification from a government-accredited agency may be legally required to perform certain jobs or tasks. In other countries, licenses are typically granted by professional societies or universities and require a certificate after about three to five years and so on thereafter. The assessment process for certification may be more comprehensive than that of licensure, though sometimes the assessment process is very similar or even the same, despite differing in terms of legal status.

text: The American National Standards Institute (ANSI) defines the standard for being a certifying agency as meeting the following two requirements:

text:
Delivering an assessment based on industry knowledge that is independent from training courses or course providers
Granting a time-limited credential to anyone who meets the assessment standards

text: The Institute for Credentialing Excellence (ICE) is a U.S.-based organization that sets standards for the accreditation of personnel certification and certificate programs based on the Standards for Educational and Psychological Testing, a joint publication of the American Educational Research Association (AERA), the American Psychological Association (APA), and the National Council on Measurement in Education (NCME). Many members of the Association of Test Publishers (ATP) are also certification organizations.

text: Types of certifications[edit]

text: There are three general types of certification. Listed in order of development level and portability, they are: corporate (internal), product-specific, and profession-wide.

text: Corporate, or "internal" certifications, are made by a corporation or low-stakes organization for internal purposes. For example, a corporation might require a one-day training course for all sales personnel, after which they receive a certificate. While this certificate has limited portability – to other corporations, for example – it is the most simple to develop.

text: Product-specific certifications are more involved, and are intended to be referenced to a product across all applications. This approach is very prevalent in the information technology (IT) industry, where personnel are certified on a version of software or hardware. This type of certification is portable across locations (for example, different corporations that use that software), but not across other products. Another example could be the certifications issued for shipping personnel, which are under international standards even for the recognition of the certification body, under the International Maritime Organization (IMO).

text: The most general type of certification is profession-wide. Certification in the medical profession is often offered by particular specialties. In order to apply professional standards, increase the level of practice, and protect the public, a professional organization might establish a certification. This is intended to be portable to all places a certified professional might work. Of course, this generalization increases the cost of such a program; the process to establish a legally defensible assessment of an entire profession is very extensive. An example of this is a Certified Public Accountant (CPA), which would not be certified for just one corporation or one piece of accountancy software but for general work in the profession.

text: Professional certificates awarded by universities[edit]

text: Many universities grant professional certificates as an award for the completion of an educational program. The curriculum of a professional certificate is most often in a focused subject matter. Many professional certificates have the same curriculum as master's degrees in the same subject. Many other professional certificates offer the same courses as master's degrees in the same subject, but require the student to take fewer total courses to complete the program. Some professional certificates have a curriculum that more closely resembles a baccalaureate major in the same field. The typical professional certificate program is between 200–300 class-hours in size. It is uncommon for a program to be larger or smaller than that. Most professional certificate programs are open enrollment, but some have admissions processes. A few universities put some of their professional certificates into a subclass they refer to as advanced professional certificates.

text: Some of the more commonly offered professional certificates include:

text:
Professional Certificate in Accounting (PCA)
Professional Certificate in Contract Management (PCCM)
Professional Certificate in Customer Relationship Management (PCCRM)
Professional Certificate in Facility Management (PCFM)
Professional Certificate in Financial Planning (PCFP)
Professional Certificate in Graphic Design (PCGD)
Professional Certificate in Human Resources (PCHR)
Professional Certificate in Marketing (PCM)
Professional Certificate in Paralegal Studies (PCPS)
Professional Certificate in Project Management (PCPM)
Professional Certificate in Supply Chain Management (PCSCM)
Professional Certificate in Store Management (PCSM)
Professional Certificate in Materials Management (PCMM)
Professional Certificate in Technical Communication (PCTC)

text: Advanced professional certificate[edit]

text: Advanced professional certificates are professional credentials designed to help professionals enhance their job performance and marketability in their respective fields. In many other countries, certificates are qualifications in higher education. In the United States, a certificate may be offered by an institute of higher education. These certificates usually signify that a student has reached a standard of knowledge of a certain vocational subject. Certificate programs can be completed more quickly than associate degrees and often do not have general education requirements.

text: An advanced professional certificate is a result of an educational process designed for individuals. Certificates are designed for both newcomers to the industry as well as seasoned professionals. Certificates are awarded by an educational program or academic institution. Completion of a certificate program indicates completion of a course or series of courses with a specific concentration that is different from an educational degree program. Course content for an advanced certificate is set forth through a variety of sources i.e. faculty, committee, instructors, and other subject matter experts in a related field. The end goal of an advanced professional certificate is so that professionals may demonstrate knowledge of course content at the end of a set period in time.

text: Institutions that offer advance professional certificates in various fields and industries include:

text:
Georgetown University[2]
Lesley University[3]
New York University[4]
St. John's University[5]
Stanford University[6]
University of San Francisco[7]

text: Areas of certification[edit]

text: Accountancy, auditing and finance[edit]

text: There are many professional bodies for accountants and auditors throughout the world; some of them are legally recognized in their jurisdictions. Public accountants are the accountancy and control experts that are legally certified in different jurisdictions to work in public practices, certifying accounts as statutory auditors, eventually selling advice and services to other individuals and businesses. Today, however, many work within private corporations, financial industry, and government bodies.

text: Accounting and external auditing[edit]

text: Cf. Accountancy qualifications and regulation

text:
CA (Chartered Accountant) conferred by Institutes of Chartered Accountants in Nepal.
ACA, FCA or CA (Chartered Accountant) conferred by Institutes of Chartered Accountants in various territories, namely the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland and the Republic of Ireland.
ACMA or FCMA (Associate or Fellow Chartered Management Accountant) conferred by the Chartered Institute of Management Accountants (UK)
Associate or Fellow Chartered Certified Accountant (ACCA or FCCA) conferred by Association of Chartered Certified Accountants (UK)
AFA or FFA (Associate or Fellow Incorporated Financial Accountant) conferred by the Institute of Financial Accountants (UK)
AAIA or FAIA (Associate or Fellow International Accountant) conferred by Association of International Accountants
MIPA or FIPA (Member or Fellow of the Institute of Public Accountants who use the designation "Public Accountant") conferred by the Institute of Public Accountants (Australia)
CPA (Certified Public Accountant) conferred by State Accountancy Boards in the USA, Hong-Kong, Australia...
CMA (Certified Management Accountant) conferred by Institute of Certified Management Accountants (ICMA in Australia), Institute of Management Accountants (IMA in US)
CCC (Chartered Cost Controllers) issued and conferred by the American Academy of Financial Management USA Certifying Board (AAFM)[8]

text: Internal auditing and fraud combat[edit]

text:
CIA (Certified Internal Auditor), CCSA;Certification in Control Self Assessment,CGAP;Certified Government Auditing Professional'CRMA;Certification in risk Management Assurance' QIAL Qualification in Internal Audit Leadership conferred by the worldwide recognised Institute of Internal Auditors (IIA) headquartered in Altamonte Springs Florida with chapters in many countries
CFE (Certified Fraud Examiner) conferred by the Association of Certified Fraud Examiners (ACFE) headquartered in Texas with chapters in many countries
CISA (Certified Information Systems Auditor) awarded by the Information Systems Audit and Control Association headquartered in the USA with chapters in many countries

text: Finance[edit]

text: Investments[edit]

text:
ASA (Accredited Senior Appraiser), conferred by the American Society of Appraisers
CAIA (Chartered Alternative Investment Analyst) conferred by the CAIA Association
CFA (Chartered Financial Analyst) conferred by CFA Institute (CFAI)
CIIA (Certified International Investment Analyst) conferred by the Association of Certified International Investment Analysts (ACIIA)
PRM (Professional Risk Manager) conferred by Professional Risk Managers International (PRM)[9]

text: Personal finance[edit]

text:
CFP (Certified Financial Planner) conferred by Certified Financial Planner Board of Standards and Financial Planning Standards Board
CCP (Certified Credit Professional) issued to credit management professionals in Canada by the Credit Institute of Canada
EA (Enrolled Agent) by the Internal Revenue Service (IRS)

text: Public finance[edit]

text:
CCMT (Certified California Municipal Treasurer) conferred by California Municipal Treasurers Association (CMTA)
CGAP (Certified Government Auditing Professional) conferred by the Institute of Internal Auditors, based on the US Government Auditing Standards (Yellow Book) and additionally on COSO, IIA standards and INTOSAI ISSAI standards recognized worldwide in public finance
CDFM (Certified Defense Financial Manager) conferred by American Society of Military Comptrollers (ASMC)
CFO (Certified Financial Officer) conferred by the Carl Vinson Institute of Government of the University of Georgia
CGFM (Certified Government Financial Manager) conferred by Association of Government Accountants (AGA)
CGAT (Certified Governmental Accounting Technician[10]), conferred by Government Finance Officers Association of Alabama[11]
CGFO (Certified Government Finance Officer) conferred by Government Finance Officers Association of Texas (GFOAT)
CGFO (Certified Government Finance Officer[12]), conferred by Florida Government Finance Officers Association[13] (FGFOA)
CGFO (Certified Government Finance Officer[14]) conferred by Louisiana Government Finance Officers Association[15]
CMFO (Certified Municipal Finance Officer[16]) conferred by Government Finance Officers of New Jersey,[17] Rutgers University, and the State of New Jersey
CMFO (Certified Municipal Finance Officer[18]) conferred by Tennessee Comptroller of the Treasury[19] and the Municipal Technical Advisory Service
CPFO (Certified Public Finance Officer) conferred by Government Finance Officers Association
CPFA (Certified Public Finance Administrator) conferred by Association of Public Treasurers of the United States and Canada (APTUSC)
GFO (Government Finance Officer[20]) conferred by Government Finance Officers Association of South Carolina[21] (GFOASC)
North Carolina Local Governmental Finance Officer[22] conferred by North Carolina Government Finance Officers Association[23] and the North Carolina Association of County Finance Officers

text: Architecture[edit]

text:
AIA (Member, American Institute of Architects) conferred by American Institute of Architects
FAIA (Fellow, American Institute of Architects) conferred by American Institute of Architects

text: Archival Science and Records Management[edit]

text:
CIP (Certified Information Professional) conferred by AIIM
CIPM (Certified Information Privacy Manager) conferred by International Association of Privacy Professionals
CIPP (Certified Information Privacy Professional) conferred by International Association of Privacy Professionals
CIPT (Certified Information Privacy Technologist) conferred by International Association of Privacy Professionals
CRA (Certified Records Analyst) conferred by Institute of Certified Records Managers
CRM (Certified Records Manager) conferred by Institute of Certified Records Managers
IGP (Information Governance Professional) conferred by ARMA International

text: Aviation[edit]

text: Aviators are certified through theoretical and in-flight examinations. Requirements for certifications are quite equal in most countries and are regulated by each National Aviation Authority. The existing certificates or pilot licenses are:

text:
SPL (Sport Pilot License)conferred by the FAA (Federal Aviation Administration)
PPL (Private Pilot License) conferred by the FAA (Federal Aviation Administration) or JAA (Joint Aviation Authorities)
CPL (Commercial Pilot Licence) conferred by the FAA (Federal Aviation Administration) or JAA (Joint Aviation Authorities)
ATP (Airline Transport Pilot) conferred by the FAA (Federal Aviation Administration) or JAA (Joint Aviation Authorities)

text: Licensing in these categories require not only examinations but also a minimum number of flight hours. All categories are available for Fixed-Wing Aircraft (airplanes) and Rotatory-Wing Aircraft (helicopters). Within each category, aviators may also obtain certifications in:

text:
Instrument Flight Rules (IFR)
Multi-engine aircraft
Turbojet Engines
Jet Engines
Experimental aircraft
Amphibious aircraft
Seaplanes

text: Usually, aviators must be certified also in their log books for the type and model of aircraft they are allowed to fly. Currency checks as well as regular medical check-ups with a frequency of 6 months, 12 months, or 36 months, depending on the type of flying permitted, are obligatory. An aviator can fly only if holding:

text:
A valid pilot license
A valid medical certificate
Valid certifications for the type of aircraft and type of flight.

text: In Europe, the ANSP, ATCO & ANSP technicians are certified according to ESARRs [2] (according to EU regulation 2096/2005 "Common Requirements").

text: Biomedical[edit]

text:
BMD (Biomedical Electronics Technician) conferred by Electronics Technicians Association
BIET (Biomedical Imaging Electronics Technician) conferred by Electronics Technicians Association

text: Business[edit]

text: Chiropractic[edit]

text: Communications[edit]

text: In the United States, several communications certifications are conferred by the Electronics Technicians Association.

text: Computer technology[edit]

text: Certification is often used in the professions of software engineering and information technology.

text: CITP (Chartered IT Professional) conferred by British Computer Society, The Institution of Engineering and Technology and by other professional engineering institutions in the UK and commonwealth

text: Contract Management[edit]

text: Dance[edit]

text: Conferred by the International Dance Council CID[24] at UNESCO, the International Certification of Dance Studies[25] is awarded to students who have completed 150 hours of classes in a specific form of dance for Level 1. Another 150 hours are required for Level 2 and so on till Level 10. This is the only international certification for dance since the International Dance Council CID[24] is the official body for all forms of dance; it is usually given in addition to local or national certificates, that is why it is colloquially called "the dancer's passport". Students cannot apply for this certification directly – they have to ask their school to apply on their behalf. This certification is awarded free of charge, there is no cost other than membership fees.

text: International Dance Council CID[24] at UNESCO administers the International Certification of Dance Studies.

text: Dentistry[edit]

text: Electronics[edit]

text: In the United States, several electronics certifications are provided by the Electronics Technicians Association.

text: Emergency management[edit]

text: The Federal Emergency Management Agency's EMI offers credentials and training opportunities for United States citizens. Students do not have to be employed by FEMA or be federal employees for some of the programs.[26]

text:
Executive Fire Officer Program (EFOP)[27]
Emergency Management Professional Program (EMPP)
Master Exercise Practitioner Program (MEPP)
Integrated Emergency Management Courses (IEMC)
Disaster Field Training Operations (DFTO)
Master Trainer Program (MTP)
Critical Infrastructure Security and Resilience
Virtual Table Top Exercise (VTTX) Series
Continuity Excellence Series, Level I and II
Professional Development Series (PDS) Credential
Advance Professional Series (APS) Credential

text: Engineering[edit]

text: Professional engineering is any act of planning, designing, composing, measuring, evaluating, inspecting, advising, reporting, directing or supervising, or managing any of the foregoing, that requires the application of engineering principles and that concerns the safeguarding of life, health, property, economic interests, the public interest or the environment.

text:
P.Eng. (Professional Engineer), conferred by provincial licensing bodies in Canada.
Ir. or P.Eng. (Professional Engineer), conferred by Board of Engineers Malaysia (BEM) in Malaysia.
PE (Professional Engineer), conferred by state licensing bodies in the United States.
PE (Power Engineer), conferred by Safety Authority in Canada
EUR ING (European Engineer), conferred by the European Federation of National Engineering Associations (FEANI).
C.Eng. (Chartered Engineer), conferred by professional engineering institutions in the UK and commonwealth
SMIEEE (Senior member of the IEEE), a professional designation throughout all of the United States

text: Facility Management[edit]

text: Facility management can be defined as an aspect of engineering management science that deals with the planning, designing, coordination of space and maintenance of a built environment to enhance quality service management system. Service Quality System includes activities like security, maintenance, catering, and external as well as internal cleaning. In general, it is also the coordination and harmonization of various specialist disciplines to create the best possible working environment for staff.

text: Facility management is an interdisciplinary field devoted to the coordination of space, infrastructure, people and organization, often associated with the administration of office blocks, arenas, schools, convention centers, shopping complexes, hospitals, hotels, etc. However, FM facilitates on a wider range of activities than just business services and these are referred to as non-core functions.

text:
CFE (Certified Facilities Executive), conferred by the International Association of Venue Managers (IAVM).
CFMP – Chartered Facility Management Professional conferred by CICPFM (Chartered Institute of Contract, Project and Facility Management, Nigeria)

text: Warehousing management[edit]

text: A warehouse management system (WMS) is a part of the supply chain and primarily aims to control the movement and storage of materials within a warehouse and process the associated transactions, including shipping, receiving, putaway and picking. The systems also direct and optimize stock putaway based on real-time information about the status of bin utilization. A WMS monitors the progress of products through the warehouse. It involves the physical warehouse infrastructure, tracking systems, and communication between product stations.

text: More precisely, warehouse management involves the receipt, storage and movement of goods, (normally finished goods), to intermediate storage locations or to a final customer. In the multi-echelon model for distribution, there may be multiple levels of warehouses. This includes a central warehouse, a regional warehouses (serviced by the central warehouse) and potentially retail warehouses (serviced by the regional warehouses).

text:
CSMMP (Chartered Stores and Materials Management Professional: conferred by The Chartered Institute of Warehousing and Materials Management (CIWMM)
ACIWM (Associate Member: conferred by The Chartered Institute of Warehousing and Materials Management (CIWMM)
MCIWM (Chartered Member: conferred by The Chartered Institute of Warehousing and Materials Management (CIWMM)
FCIWM (Chartered Fellow: conferred by The Chartered Institute of Warehousing and Materials Management (CIWMM)

text: Entrepreneurial profession[edit]

text: IEA, UK (International Entrepreneurs Association)[28] conferred by International Entrepreneurs Association.[28]

text: Environment[edit]

text:
National Registry of Environmental Professionals,[29] recognized NGO offering list of Environmental and Safety Certifications
Institute of Professional Environmental Practice – Qualified Environmental Professional (QEP)
Academy of Board Qualified Environmental Professionals[30] – Certified Environmental Professional (CEP)
CEnvP – Certified Environmental Practitioner of Australia and New Zealand (CEnvP)
International Society of Arboriculture – internationally recognized body providing ANSI-Accredited certifications for arborists. Certified Arborist, Master Arborist
Environmental Professional (EP) designation[31] – Environmental Careers Organization (ECO) Canada
Green Globes Professional (GGP) – Certified GGPs are industry professionals trained in the Green Globes building assessment and certification process. They may serve as consultants on Green Globes projects, facilitating the building certification process and providing project management for their own clients.[32]

text: Environmental health[edit]

text:
R.S. – Registered Sanitarian
R.E.H.S. – Registered Environmental Health Specialist
CPHI(C) – Certified Public Health Inspector (Canada)

text: Explosive atmospheres[edit]

text: IECEx[33] covers the highly specialized field of explosion protection associated with the use of equipment in areas where flammable gases, liquids and combustible dusts may be present. This system provides the assurance that equipment is manufactured to meet safety standards, and that services such as installation, repair and overhaul also comply with IEC International Standards on safety. The United Nations, via UNECE (United Nations Economic Commission for Europe), recommends the IEC and IECEx as the world’s best practice model for the verification of conformity to International Standards. It published a “Common Regulatory Framework” encompassing the use of IEC International Standards developed by IEC TC (Technical Committee) 31: Equipment for explosive atmospheres, with proof of compliance demonstrated by IECEx.

text: Fiber optics and data cabling[edit]

text:
RCDD (Registered Communications Distribution Designer) by BICSI
DCI (Data Cabling Installer) conferred by Electronics Technicians Association
FOI (Fiber Optics Installer) conferred by Electronics Technicians Association
FOT (Fiber Optics Technician) conferred by Electronics Technicians Association
FOT-OSP (Fiber Optics Technician-Outside Plant) conferred by Electronics Technicians Association
FOD (Fiber Optics Designer) conferred by Electronics Technicians Association
TTT (Termination and Testing Technician) conferred by Electronics Technicians Association

text: Genealogy[edit]

text: AG (Accredited Genealogist) conferred by the International Commission for the Accreditation of Professional Genealogists (ICAPGen). CG (Certified Genealogist) conferred by the Board for Certification of Genealogists (BCG). CGL (Certified Genealogical Lecturer) conferred by the Board for Certification of Genealogists (BCG).

text: Health leadership[edit]

text: CHE (Certified Health Executive) conferred by the Canadian College of Health Leaders (CCHL)

text: Healthcare quality[edit]

text:
CHCQM (Board Certification in Health Care Quality and Management) conferred by the American Board of Quality Assurance and Utilization Review Physicians
CPHQ (Certified Professional in Healthcare Quality) conferred by the Healthcare Quality Certification Board of the National Association for Healthcare Quality

text: Hospitality and tourism[edit]

text:
CHA (Certified Hotel Administrator) conferred by American Hotel & Lodging Association
CRDE (Certified Room Division Executive) conferred by American Hotel & Lodging Association
CHE (Certified Hotel Educator) conferred by American Hotel & Lodging Association
CHRM (Certified Hotel Revenue Manager) conferred by American Hotel & Lodging Association
CRME (Certified Revenue Management Executive) conferred by Hospitality Sales & Marketing International
CHDM (Certified Hospitality Digital Marketer) conferred by Hospitality Sales & Marketing International
CHSE (Certified Hospitality Sales Executive) conferred by Hospitality Sales & Marketing International
CHSC (Certified in Hospitality Sales Competencies) conferred by Hospitality Sales & Marketing International
CMP (Certified Meeting Professional) conferred by Convention Industry Council
CEM (Certified in Exhibition Management) conferred by International Association of Exhibitions and Events [34]

text: Industrial hygiene[edit]

text: CIH (Certified Industrial Hygienist) conferred by American Board of Industrial Hygiene

text: Information quality[edit]

text:
CDMP (Certified Data Management Professional ®) by the International Data Management Association.[35]
IQCP (Information Quality Certified Professional)[36] conferred by International Association for Information and Data Quality.

text: Information security[edit]

text:
C|CISO, Certified Chief Information Security Officer by EC-Council
CEH, Certified Ethical Hacker by EC-Council
CHFI, Computer Hacking Forensic Investigator Certification by EC-Council
CND, Certified Network Defender by EC-Council
ECSA, EC-Council Certified Security Analyst
LPT, Licensed Penetration Tester by EC-Council
CISM, Certified Information Security Manager by ISACA
CISSP, Certified Information System Security Professional by (ISC)²
SSCP, Systems Security Certified Practitioner by (ISC)²
CAP, Certified Authorization Professional by (ISC)²
CCFP, Certified Cyber Forensics Professional by (ISC)²
CSSLP, Certified Secure Software Lifecycle Professional by (ISC)²
HCISPP, HealthCare Information Security and Privacy Practitioner by (ISC)²
Security University Testing administers the Qualified/ Information Security Professional Certification Credential Q/ISP
Security University Testing administers the Qualified/ Ethical Hacker Certification Q/EH
Security University Testing administers the Qualified/ Security Analyst Certification Q/SA
Security University Testing administers the Qualified/ Penetration Tester License Certification Q/PTL
Security University Testing administers the Qualified/ Forensic Expert Certification Q/FE
Security University Testing administers the Qualified/ Network Defender Certification Q/ND
Security University Testing administers the Qualified/ Information Assurance Professional Certification Credential Q/IAP
Security University Testing administers the Qualified/ Access, Authentication, PKI Pro Certification Q/AAP
Security University Testing administers the Qualified/ Network Security Policy Administrator Certification Q/NSP
Security University Testing administers the Qualified/ Certification & Accreditation Certification Q/C&A
CCSK, Certificate of Cloud Security Knowledge by Cloud Security Alliance (CSA)
CPCRM, Certified Professional in Cloud Risk Management, conferred and accredited by Academy of Professional Certification (APC)
CPISM, Certified Professional in Information Security Management, conferred and accredited by Academy of Professional Certification (APC)
PCISAG, Professional Certificate in Information Systems Security, Auditing and Governance, conferred by IVE (Lee Wai Lee) of Hong Kong and accredited by Academy of Professional Certification (APC)
CPRM, Certified Professional Risk Manager for ISO 27005, conferred and accredited by Academy of Professional Certification (APC)
Security+, conferred and accredited by CompTIA
CSA+, conferred and accredited by CompTIA

text: Insurance and risk management[edit]

text: In the United States, insurance professionals are licensed separately by each state. Many individuals seek one or more certifications to distinguish themselves from their peers. The most recognizable certifications are issued by five organizations:

text:
American Institute For Chartered Property Casualty Underwriters (AICPCU)

Chartered Property Casualty Underwriter (CPCU)
Associate in Risk Management (ARM)
Associate in Commercial Underwriting (AU)
Accredited Adviser in Insurance (AAI)
Certified Authority on Workers' Compensation (CAWC)

American College of Financial Services

Chartered Life Underwriter (CLU)
Chartered Financial Consultant (ChFC)

International Center for Captive Insurance Education (ICCIE)

Associate in Captive Insurance (ACI)
Certificate in Captive Insurance (CCI)

National Alliance for Insurance Education & Research

Certified Insurance Counselor (CIC)
Certified Risk Manager (CRM)
Certified Insurance Service Representative (CISR)

National Association of Insurance and Financial Advisors in partnership with the College of Financial Planning

Life Underwriter Training Council Fellow (LUTCF)[37]

text: National Association of Mutual Insurance Companies

text:
Farm Mutual Director Certification (FMDC)[38]
Professional Farm Mutual Manager (PFMM)[39]

text: National Registry of Workers' Compensation Specialists

text: Registered Workers' Compensation Specialist (RWCS)

text: Professional Liability Underwriting Society (PLUS)

text:
Registered Professional Liability Underwriter (RPLU)
Certified Risk Analyst (CRA) [40]

text: Language education[edit]

text: TESOL is a large field of employment with widely varying degrees of regulation. Most provision worldwide is through the state school system of each individual country, and as such, the instructors tend to be trained primary- or secondary school teachers who are native speakers of the language of their pupils, and not of English. Though native speakers of English have been working in non-English speaking countries in this capacity for years, it was not until the last twenty-five years or so that there was any widespread focus on training particularly for this field. Previously, workers in this sort of job were anyone from backpackers hoping to earn some extra travel money to well-educated professionals in other fields doing volunteer work, or retired people. These sort of people are certainly still to be found, but there are many who consider TESOL their main profession.

text: One of the problems[according to whom?] facing these full-time teachers is the absence of an international governing body for the certification or licensure of English language teachers. However, Cambridge University and its subsidiary body UCLES are pioneers in trying to get some degree of accountability and quality control to consumers of English courses, through their CELTA and DELTA programs. Trinity College London has equivalent programs, the CertTESOL and the LTCL DipTESOL. They offer initial certificates in teaching, in which candidates are trained in language awareness and classroom techniques, and given a chance to practice teaching, after which feedback is reported. Both institutions have as a follow-up a professional diploma, usually taken after a year or two in the field. Although the initial certificate is available to anyone with a high school education, the diploma is meant to be a post-graduate qualification and in fact can be incorporated into a master's degree program.

text: Legal affairs[edit]

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text: An increasing number of attorneys are choosing to be recognized as having special expertise in certain fields of law. According to the American Bar Association, a lawyer who is a certified specialist has been recognized by an independent professional certifying organization as having an enhanced level of skill and expertise, as well as substantial involvement in an established legal specialty. These organizations require a lawyer to demonstrate special training, experience and knowledge to ensure that the lawyer's recognition is meaningful and reliable. Lawyer conduct with regard to specialty certification is regulated by the states.

text: NBLSC is an American Bar Association (ABA) accredited organization providing Board Certification for US Lawyers. Board Certification is a rigorous testing and approval process that officially recognizes the extensive education and courtroom experience of attorneys. NBLSC provides Board Certification for Trial Lawyers & Trial Attorneys, Civil Lawyers, Criminal Lawyers, Family Lawyers and Social Security Disability Lawyers.

text: Logistics and transport[edit]

text: Logistician is the profession in the logistics and transport sectors, including sea, air, land and rail modes. Professional qualification for logisticians usually carries post-nominal letters. Common examples include:

text:
CPIM (Certified in Production and Inventory Management) conferred by APICS (Association for Operations Management)[41]
CSCP (Certified Supply Chain Professional) conferred by APICS (Association for Operations Management)[42]
CLTD (Certified in Logistics, Transportation and Distribution) conferred by APICS (Association for Operations Management)[43]
SCOR-P (Supply Chain Operations Reference Professional) conferred by APICS (Association for Operations Management)[44]
MILT (Member Institute of Logistics and Transport) conferred by The Chartered Institute of Logistics and Transport (CILT),[45]
CMILT (Chartered Member, Institute of Logistics and Transport) conferred by The Chartered Institute of Logistics and Transport (CILT)
FCILT (Chartered Fellow, Institute of Logistics and Transport) conferred by The Chartered Institute of Logistics and Transport (CILT)
CPL/CTP conferred by Transport & Logistics Certification Council (TLCC) of Australia,
EJLog/ESLog/EMLog conferred by the European Logistics Association (ELA),
CML/CPL conferred by the International Society of Logistics (SOLE),
JrLog/Log/SrLog conferred by the China Federation of Logistics & Purchasing (CFLP),
FHKLA/PMHKLA conferred by the Hong Kong Logistics Association (HKLA),

text: [46] (CSCB),

text:
CCLP (CITT-Certified Logistics Professional) conferred by the Canadian Institute of Traffic & Transportation (CITT),
PLog (Professional Logistician) conferred by the Canadian Professional Logistics Institute,
ACCL-AMI / ACCL-AMO / ACCL-ABM / ACCL-OBM conferred by the Allied Council for Commerce and Logistics (ACCL)
CPLCM, Certified Professional Logistics & Cargo Mediator, conferred and accredited by Academy of Professional Certification (APC)
CPCRM, Certified Professional in Cargo Risk Management & Mediation, conferred and accredited by Academy of Professional Certification (APC)

text: Management[edit]

text:
Certified Manager of Quality Organizational Excellence (CMQ/OE) by American Society for Quality (ASQ)
CM, Certified Manager, conferred by the Institute of Certified Professional Managers (ICPM)
CMC (Certified Management Consultant), conferred by provincial and national licensing bodies around the world.
CMgr (Chartered Manager), conferred by national bodies around the world.
Chartered Management Specialist (CMS) conferred by Chartered Institute of Management Specialist
Chartered Human Resources Management Specialist (CHRMS)conferred by Chartered Institute of Management Specialist
Chartered Quality Management Specialist (CQMS)conferred by Chartered Institute of Management Specialist
Chartered Strategic Management Specialist (CSMS)conferred by Chartered Institute of Management Specialist
Chartered Project Management Specialist (CPMS)conferred by Chartered Institute of Management Specialist
Chartered Facilities Management Specialist (CFMS)conferred by Chartered Institute of Management Specialist
Chartered Supply Chain & Logistics Specialist (CSCLS)conferred by Chartered Institute of Management Specialist
Post Graduate Diploma in Innovation Management & Business Intelligence conferred by Chartered Institute of Management Specialist

text: Mediation[edit]

text:
CM, Certified Mediator or Court-Appointed Mediator, conferred and accredited by The Institute of Conflict Resolution and Communication (ICRC) and the Florida Supreme Court Certified County Court Training Program pursuant to the Florida Rules for Certified and Court-Appointed Mediators 10.100 (a).
ECM, Executive Certificate in Mediation, conferred and accredited by Academy of Professional Certification (APC)
PCM, Professional Certification in Mediation, conferred and accredited by Academy of Professional Certification (APC)
APCM, Advanced Professional Certification in Mediation, conferred and accredited by Academy of Professional Certification (APC)
CPMT, Certified Professional Mediation Trainer, conferred and accredited by Academy of Professional Certification (APC)
CPACM, Certified Professional Art & Cultural Mediator, conferred and accredited by Academy of Professional Certification (APC)
CPM, Certified Professional Mediator, conferred and mutually accredited by The Institute of Crisis & Risk Management (ICRM) or Academy of Professional Certification (APC)
PDCoM, Professional Diploma in Corporate Mediation, conferred and mutually accredited by The Institute of Crisis & Risk Management (ICRM) or Academy of Professional Certification (APC), with Hong Kong Productivity Council (HKPC)
CMA, Certified Mediation Assessor, conferred and mutually accredited by The Institute of Crisis & Risk Management (ICRM) or Academy of Professional Certification (APC)

text: Ministers[edit]

text: Churches have their own process of who may use various religious titles. Protestant churches typically require a Masters of Divinity, accreditation by the denomination and ordination by the local church in order for a minister to become a "Reverend". Those qualifications may or may not also give government authorization to solemnize marriages

text: Medicine[edit]

text: Board certification is the process by which a physician in the United States documents by written, practical or computer based testing, illustrating a mastery of knowledge and skills that define a particular area of medical specialization. The American Board of Medical Specialties, a not-for-profit organization, assists 24 approved medical specialty boards in the development and use of standards in the ongoing evaluation and certification of physicians.

text: Medical specialty certification in the United States is a voluntary process. While medical licensure sets the minimum competency requirements to diagnose and treat patients, it is not specialty specific.[47] Board certification demonstrates a physician’s exceptional expertise in a particular specialty or sub-specialty of medical practice.

text: Patients, physicians, health care providers, insurers and quality organizations regard certification as an important measure of a physician’s knowledge, experience and skills to provide quality health care within a given specialty.

text: Other professional certifications include certifications such as medical licenses, Membership of the Royal College of Physicians, Fellowship of the Royal College of Physicians and Surgeons of Canada, nursing board certification, diplomas in social work. The Commission for Certification in Geriatric Pharmacy certifies pharmacists that are knowledgeable about principles of geriatric pharmacotherapy and the provision of pharmaceutical care to the elderly. Additional certifying bodies relating to the medical field include:

text:
Royal Australian and New Zealand College of Radiologists
American College of Emergency Physicians
Royal Australasian College of Physicians
Fellowship of the Royal College of Surgeons
Membership of the College of Emergency Medicine
Joint Commission on Allied Health Personnel in Ophthalmology
American Registry for Diagnostic Medical Sonography

text: Medical coding and billing[edit]

text:
AHIMA (American Health Information Management Association)[48]
AAPC [49]
Medical Association of Billers [50]

text: Peer support[edit]

text: NCPRP stands for “National Certified Peer Recovery Professional”, and the NCPRP credential and exam were developed in collaboration with the International Certification Board of Recovery Professionals (ICBRP) and is currently being administered by PARfessionals.

text: PARfessionals is a professional organization and all of the available courses are professional development and pre-certification courses.

text: The NCPRP credential and exam focus primarily on the concept of peer recovery through mental health and addiction recovery. It has the main purpose of training student-candidates on how to become peer recovery professionals who can provide guidance, knowledge or assistance for individuals who have had similar experiences.[51]

text: Through the support of the SJM Family Foundation, PARfessionals has developed the first globally recognized online training program for peer recovery professionals.[52]

text: Each student-candidate must complete several key steps which include initial registration; the pre-certification review course; and all applicable sections of the official application in order to become eligible to complete the final step, which is the NCPRP certification exam.[53]

text: The NCPRP credential is obtained once a participant successfully passes the NCPRP certification exam by the second attempt and is valid for five years.[54]

text: Physical asset management[edit]

text:
CMRP – Certified Maintenance and Reliability Professional (CMRP) [55]
MMP – Maintenance Management Professional [56]

text: Plumbing[edit]

text: ASSE (American Society of Sanitary Engineering) [57] – an ANSI Accredited standards developer and certification body

text: Project management[edit]

text: Certification is of significant importance in the project management (PM) industry. Certification refers to the evaluation and recognition of the skills, knowledge and competence of a practitioner in the field.

text: Project management certifications come in a variety of flavors:

text:
Competence-based programs wherein an individual must provide evidence of actual, on-the-job performance
Knowledge-based programs wherein an individual must pass an exam
Experience-based programs wherein an individual must provide evidence of training or education in the field.

text: Combination of competence-based, knowledge-based, and experience-based

text:
PMP Project Management Professional conferred by the PMI (Project Management Institute);[58]
CIPM Certified International Project Manager [59] conferred by the American Academy of Project Management – ISO 29990 Certified and TUV Accredited.
CPMP – Chartered Project Management Professional conferred by CICPFM (Chartered Institute of Contract, Project and Facility Management, Nigeria)
CPP – Certified Project Professional conferred by IPM (Institute of Project Management, Australia)
CPM – Certified Project Manager conferred by IPM (Institute of Project Management, Australia)
CPD – Certified Project Director conferred by IPM (Institute of Project Management, Australia)
CPMP (Chartered Project Management Professional) conferred by The Chartered Institute of Project Management (CIPM)
ACIPM (Associate Member:conferred by The Chartered Institute of Project Management (CIPM)
FCIPM (Chartered Fellow Member:conferred by The Chartered Institute of Project Management (CIPM)
SCPM Stanford Certified Project Manager conferred by the Stanford University as a result of completing the SAPM (Stanford Advanced Project Management Certificate Program)
PgMP Program Management Professional conferred by the PMI (Project Management Institute)
FAC-P/PM (Federal Acquisition Certification in Project and Program Management [60]) conferred by civilian agencies of the U.S. federal government supplements private sector competencies and experience expectations with unique government requirements including those for government contract, budget, and management processes. FAC-P/PM has three levels of certification covering entry, mid, and senior career levels.

text: Knowledge-based

text:
CAPM Certified Associate in Project Management conferred by the PMI (Project Management Institute)
CPM Certified Project Manager conferred by the CIPM (Chartered Institute of Project Management)
CSM Certified SCRUM Master conferred by the SCRUM Alliance
AMII (www.amii.us) Certified Project Management conferred by the AMII (American International Institute, USA)
PMI – ACP Project Management Institute - Agile Certified Practitioner conferred by the PMI (Project Management Institute)

text: Public relations[edit]

text: There are 15 professional associations from around the world offering the 'Accredited in Public Relations' (APR) designation and one offering the 'Accredited Business Communicator' (ABC) designation. See Communications above for communications-related certifications (CMP and SCMP)

text: In the USA, the Universal Accreditation Board, an organization composed of the Public Relations Society of America, the Agricultural Relations Council, the National School Public Relations Association, the Religious Communicators Council and other public relations professional societies, administers the Accreditation in Public Relations (APR), a voluntary certification program for public relations practitioners.

text: Public health[edit]

text: CPH (Certified in Public Health) conferred by the National Board of Public Health Examiners.[61]

text: Real estate[edit]

text:
ALC (Accredited Land Consultant) conferred by the REALTORS® Land Institute (RLI)
CCIM (Certified Commercial Investment Member) conferred by the CCIM Institute
CLS (Certified Leasing Specialist) conferred by the International Council of Shopping Centres (ICSC)
CMD (Certified Marketing Director) conferred by the International Council of Shopping Centres (ICSC)
CPM (Certified Property Manager) conferred by Institute of Real Estate Management (IREM)
CRS (Certified Residential Specialist) conferred by the Council of Residential Specialist (CRS)
CRX (Certified Retail Executive) conferred by the International Council of Shopping Centres (ICSC)
CSM (Certified Shopping Centre Manager) conferred by the International Council of Shopping Centres (ICSC)
FRI (Fellow of the Real Estate Institute) conferred by The Real Estate Institute of Canada

text: Renewable energy[edit]

text:
EVT (Electronic Vehicle Technician) conferred by Electronics Technicians Association
PVI (Photovoltaic Installer) conferred by Electronics Technicians Association
SWI (Small Wind Installer) conferred by Electronics Technicians Association

text: Research administration[edit]

text:
CFRA (Certified Financial Research Administrator) conferred by Research Administrators Certification Council[62]
CPRA (Certified Pre-Award Research Administrator) conferred by Research Administrators Certification Council[62]
CRA (Certified Research Administrator) conferred by Research Administrators Certification Council[62]

text: Safety[edit]

text:
Certification Safety and Health Specialist (CHSO)
Safety and Health Environmental Professional (SHEP)
Canadian Registered Safety Professional (CRSP) conferred by the Board of Canadian Registered Safety Professionals[63]
Certified Safety Professional (CSP)

text: Sales[edit]

text:
CSP (Certified Sales Professional) conferred by Canadian Professional Sales Association in Canada and by MRERF's Institute for Professional Advancement - IPA in the U.S. and Mexico – this certification provides skills to improve sales in all industries and all channels.
CPMR (Certified Professional Manufacturers Representative) conferred by MRERF's Institute for Professional Advancement - IPA is supported by more than 20 industries and helps independent manufacturers representatives the skills to run a more effective rep firm.

text: Customer relationship management[edit]

text: Customer relationship management (CRM) is a system for managing a company’s interactions with current and future customers. It often involves using technology to organize, automate and synchronize sales, marketing, customer service, and technical support.

text:
CCSP (Chartered Customer Service Professional) conferred by CICRM'S Chartered Institute of Customer Relationship Management - CICRM is supported by more than 30 industries and helps in the U.S. and some Africa Countries – this certification provides essential skills to improve effective and service quality and customer relationship management in all industries.
ACICRM (Associate Member: conferred by The Chartered Institute of Customer Relationship Management (CICRM)
MCICRM (Chartered Member: conferred by The Chartered Institute of Customer Relationship Management (CICRM)
FCICRM (Chartered Fellow: conferred by The Chartered Institute of Customer Relationship Management (CICRM)

text: Security[edit]

text:
ASIS International administers the Certified Protection Professional - Board-Certified in Security Management (CPP)
ASIS International administers the Physical Security Professional, Board-Certified (PSP)
ASIS International administers the Professional Certified Investigator, Board-Certified (PCI)
Association of Certified Fraud Examiners administers the Certified Fraud Examiner (CFE)
International Foundation of Protection Officers administers the Certified Protection Officer (CPO)
Society of Payment Security Professionals (SPSP) administers the Certified Payment-Card Industry Security Manager
The Loss Prevention Foundation administers the LPQualified (LPQ) and LPCertified (LPC) credentials
Certified Information Systems Security Professional (CISSP) from ISC2.org
Systems Security Certified Practitioner (SSCP) from ISC2.org
Security University Testing administers the Qualified/ Information Security Professional Certification Credential Q/ISP
Security University Testing administers the Qualified/ Ethical Hacker Certification Q/EH
Security University Testing administers the Qualified/ Security Analyst Certification Q/SA
Security University Testing administers the Qualified/ Penetration Tester License Certification Q/PTL
Security University Testing administers the Qualified/ Forensic Expert Certification Q/FE
Security University Testing administers the Qualified/ Network Defender Certification Q/ND
Security University Testing administers the Qualified/ Information Assurance Professional Certification Credential Q/IAP
Security University Testing administers the Qualified/ Access, Authentication, PKI Pro Certification Q/AAP
Security University Testing administers the Qualified/ Network Security Policy Administrator Certification Q/NSP
Security University Testing administers the Qualified/ Certification & Accreditation Certification Q/C&A
American Hotel & Lodging Association administers the Certified Lodging Security Director (CLSD)
National Sheriffs' Association administers the Certified Homeland Protection Professional (CHPP) Certification
American Board for Certification in Homeland Security administers the Certified in Homeland Security (CHS®) Certification Levels I-V
American Board for Certification in Homeland Security administers the Anti-Sabotage Certified (ASCsm) Certification
American Board for Certification in Homeland Security administers the Sensitive Security Information Certified (SSI) Certification
American Board for Certification in Homeland Security administers the Certified in Disaster Preparedness (CDP-I®) Certification
American Board for Certification in Homeland Security administers the Intelligence Analyst Certified (IAC®) Certification
American Board for Certification in Homeland Security administers the Certified National Threat Analyst (CNTAsm) Certification
Anti-Terrorism Accreditation Board administers the Certified Anti-Terrorism Specialist (CAS) Certification
Anti-Terrorism Accreditation Board administers the Certified Master Anti-Terrorism Specialist (CMAS) Certification
Anti-Terrorism Accreditation Board administers the Certified Anti-Terrorism Specialist – Information Technology (CAS-IT) Certification
Anti-Terrorism Accreditation Board administers the Certified Anti-Terrorism Specialist – Forensic IT Analyses (CAS-FA) Certification
Anti-Terrorism Accreditation Board administers the Certified Anti-Terrorism Specialist – Cyber Terrorism Response (CAS-CTR) Certification
Anti-Terrorism Accreditation Board administers the Certified Anti-Terrorism Specialist – Physical Security Manager (CAS-PSM) Certification
Associated Locksmiths of America administers the Registered Locksmith (RL) Certification
Associated Locksmiths of America administers the Certified Registered Locksmith (CRL) Certification
Associated Locksmiths of America administers the Certified Professional Locksmith (CPL) Certification
Associated Locksmiths of America administers the Certified Master Locksmith (CML) Certification
Associated Locksmiths of America administers the Certified Professional Safe Technician (CPS) Certification
Associated Locksmiths of America administers the Certified Master Safe Technician (CMST) Certification
International Association of Certified Surveillance Professionals administers the Certified Surveillance Professional (CSP) Certification
Security Industry Association administers the Certified Security Project Manager (CSPM) Certification
ASP, Accredited Security Professional, conferred and accredited by Academy of Professional Certification (APC)
CST, Certified Security Trainer, conferred and accredited by The Institute of Crisis & Risk Management (ICRM) or Academy of Professional Certification (APC)
Center for Interviewer Standards and Assessment administers the Certified Forensic Interviewer Designation

text: Speaking[edit]

text: Conferred by the National Speakers Association, the Certified Speaking Professional (CSP)[64] is the speaking profession's international measure of professional platform competence. This certification is awarded by the National Speakers Association.[65] Only about 10% of the speakers who belong to the Global Speakers Federation (GSF) hold this designation. Those who have earned their certification have done so by demonstrating a track record of experience and expertise.

text: Supply chain management[edit]

text: Supply chain management (SCM) is the management of the flow of goods. It includes the movement and storage of raw materials, work-in-process inventory, and finished goods from point of origin to point of consumption. Interconnected or interlinked networks, channels and node businesses are involved in the provision of products and services required by end customers in a supply chain.[2] Supply chain management has been defined as the "design, planning, execution, control, and monitoring of supply chain activities with the objective of creating net value, building a competitive infrastructure, leveraging worldwide logistics, synchronizing supply with demand and measuring performance globally.

text: SCM draws heavily from the areas of operations management, logistics, procurement, and information technology, and strives for an integrated approach.

text:
CSCP (Certified Supply Chain Professional) conferred by APICS (Association for Operations Management)[42]
SCOR-P (Supply Chain Operations Reference Professional) conferred by APICS (Association for Operations Management)[44]
ACISCM (Associate Member: conferred by The Chartered Institute of Supply Chain Management (CISCM)
MCISCM (Chartered Full Member: conferred by The Chartered Institute of Supply Chain Management (CISCM)
FCISCM (Chartered Fellow Member: conferred by The Chartered Institute of Supply Chain Management (CISCM)
CSCMP (Chartered Supply Chain Management Professional: conferred by The Chartered Institute of Supply Chain Management (CISCM)

text: Training[edit]

text: Australian Institute of Certified Practising Trainers administers the Certified Practising Trainer (CPT). Conferred by the Australian Institute of Certified Practising Trainers,[66] this certification is the hallmark for professional trainers.[citation needed]

text: Other applications[edit]

text:
The American Academy of Environmental Engineers board certifies licensed environmental engineers (Board Certified Environmental Engineer—BCEE) and unlicensed environmental engineering practitioners (Board Certified Environmental Engineering Member—BCEEM) for those with a degree in engineering and at least 8 years of practice and responsible charge in environmental engineering.
The American Certification Institute trains and certifies Learning & Development Professionals with 'Certified Training Professional' (CTP), 'Master Corporate Trainer' (MCT) and related Certifications in Human Resources – 'Certified Human Resources Professional' (CHRP) and 'Certified Human Resources Manager' (CHRM).
The American Institute of Floral Designers offers two levels of certification for individuals in the field of professional floral design. Certified Floral Designer (CFD) and accredited membership (AIFD) are both designed to establish a gold standard in professional floral design while ensuring the certified individual maintains that standard through continued education credits. While many state-level floral associations also offer state-level floral design certification known as Master Florist certification, AIFD certification is the highest level of professional floral design awarded in the United States.
The Institute of Professional Environmental Practice certifies qualified environmental professionals (QEP) who have a degree in physical, earth or natural science, engineering or mathematics and at least 5 years of professional environmental work experience.
The Council-certified Indoor Environmental Consultant (CIEC) certification covers a wide range of indoor environmental quality disciplines focusing on managing indoor environmental quality in relation to building design, maintenance and operations to ensure an optimal environment for building occupants.
The Canadian National Association of Infrared Imaging Technologists (AIIT) awards the IIT designation to infrared thermographers who meet the training standards regulated by the association. AIIT aims to ensure service delivery standards and public trust through regulating training standards, codes of conduct and continuing education.
The National Commission for the Certification of Crane Operators administers ANSI-accredited certification programs for operators of mobile, tower, overhead, and articulating cranes, riggers, signal persons, and crane inspectors.
The Society for Technical Communication (STC) is planning to create a certification program for technical writers in 2011.
The Association of Professional Reserve Analysts certifies qualified reserve study professionals (PRA) who are a Certified Public Accountant, have a General Contractors License, and at least 2 years of professional experience preparing reserve studies; or some combination of related experience.
The International Society of Arboriculture (ISA) is the International body who administers ANSI-accredited certification programs for arborists and tree care specialists. Certifications vary from Tree Worker to Certified Arborist to Master Arborist.

text: Criticisms[edit]

text: Many political commentators, often criticize professional or occupational licensing, especially medical and legal licensing, for restricting the supply of services and therefore making them more expensive, often putting them out of reach of the poor.[67][68]

text: The current proliferation of IT certifications (both offered and attained){{1}}, like the FSI's IT baseline protection certification, has led some technologists to question their value. Proprietary content that has been distributed on the Internet allows some to gain credentials without the implied depth or breadth of expertise. Certifying agencies have responded in various ways: Some now incorporate hands-on elements, anti-cheating methodologies or have expanded their content. Others have expired and restructured their certificate programs or raised their fees to deter abuse.

text: Certification programs that take into account length of service and demonstrated experience via industry peer and employer recommendation avoid some of the issues associated with purely passing an examination; however, certification remains a contentious issue.

text: Also, some professional certifications require a criminal record check before the certification can be approved. The presence of a criminal history when applying for certification may be grounds for denial of certification.


document_title: Just Do It

question_text: where did the phrase just do it come from

root

text: Just Do It

text: Just Do It  (stylized as JUST DO IT.)[1] is a trademark of shoe company Nike, and one of the core components of Nike's brand. The slogan was coined in 1988 at an advertising agency meeting. The founder of Wieden+Kennedy agency, Dan Wieden credits the inspiration for his "Just Do It" Nike slogan to Gary Gilmore’s last words: "Let's do it."[2]  The "Just Do It" campaign allowed Nike to further increase its share of the North American domestic sport-shoe business from 18% to 43%, (from $877 million to $9.2 billion in worldwide sales) from 1988 to 1998.[3] In many Nike-related situations, "Just Do It" appears alongside the Nike logo, known as the Swoosh.

tag: p

text: Campaign[edit]

text: This Section is written like a personal reflection or opinion essay that states a Wikipedia editor's personal feelings about a topic. Please help improve it by rewriting it in an encyclopedic style. (August 2014) (Learn how and when to remove this template message)

tag: table

text: The "Just Do It" campaign launched in 1988 was highly successful with the Age selecting the campaign as one of the top two taglines of the 20th century with it being both "universal and intensely personal". [4] While Reebok was directing their campaign at aerobics during the fitness craze of the 1980s, Nike responded with "a tough, take no prisoners ad campaign". One of the campaign's objectives was to target all Americans regardless of age, gender or physical fitness level which led to Nike becoming worn as a fashion statement, not just as fitness gear (Nearly 80% of Nike’s running shoes are not worn for their intended purpose). Nike’s fundamental objective was to represent sneakers as a fashion statement to consumers, especially females, teens and males aged 18–40.

text: Throughout the campaign, Nike enlisted numerous notable athletes in order to attract customers and promote the image of Nike as being reliable to not only everyday customers but professional athletes. Athletes such as football stars Ronaldinho and Wayne Rooney, basketball stars Michael Jordan, and Kobe Bryant and tennis stars Roger Federer and Rafael Nadal were used in their advertisements, including a range of people from varying ethnicities and races.[5][unreliable source?]

text: Nike was faced with criticism by Ernst & Young surrounding the campaign, with the pay of elite athletes compared to those in overseas shoe factories, and for violating the minimum wage in their operations in Vietnam.[6][unreliable source?] [7]

text: The "Just Do It" campaign went out to a range of media outlets including merchandise, outdoor billboards, print media, and graffiti art.

text:
It was during the period of the late 70's and early 80's in Brooklyn New York.  A small pharmacy operated by Steven Smolin.  A part-time worker there was his mother-in-law Marlene.
She would constantly annoyingly question Steve's instruction/directives in day to day operations- as in "why can't I stock the Mylanta next to the vitamins!?"

text: Exasperated, Steve would end the inevitable ten minutes of bickering/reasoning with the directive- "Marlene, JUST DO IT!!"  The bickering would then come to a screeching halt and Marlene would sheepishly stock the Mylanta in its appropriate instructed place.

text:
It was not long before the rest of the store help- mostly local high school kids- began parroting this directive when addressing each other- as in "Mario- "JUST DO IT!!
The small store reverberated with this exhortation multiple times a day.

text: Within one year, the pharmacy crew took this directive out to the streets. If a player refused to play right field, the rest of the schoolyard team would inevitably shout -"Nunzio- 'JUST DO IT!!"  When these kids would later join the Bensonhurst auxiliary police, and on of their own refused to go to "another one of those domestic incident" calls, dozens of police radios would simultaneously bellow out -Lenny, "JUST DO IT!!

text: By the early 80's, one of the main players in this dynamic, Lenny Rizzi, came to me and said- "Steven, you're famous- your slogan is barked out on every schoolyard and basketball court in Bensonhurst.

text: The campaign embodied Nike's image as an innovative American icon associated with success through the combination of professional athletes and motivational slogans emphasizing sportsmanship and health. This led to customers associating their purchases with the prospect of achieving greatness.[8][unreliable source?]

text: In popular culture[edit]

text: In 2015, actor Shia LaBeouf used this phrase in LaBeouf, Rönkkö & Turner's #INTRODUCTIONS video, which later become an Internet meme.[9]


document_title: BNI (organization)

question_text: name the founder of the networking company business network international

text: BNI (organization)

text:
Business Network International

Local business, global network, Givers Gain

Industry
Business networking

Founded
1985

Founder
Ivan Misner

Headquarters
Charlotte, NC, United States

Area served

Worldwide

Key people

Ivan Misner, Graham Weihmiller

Website
bni.com

text: Business Network International (BNI) is an American franchised networking organization with around 200,000 members in 7,500 local chapters worldwide. Members meet regularly to discuss business and support each other's businesses by sharing referrals. It claims to be the world's leading 'referral organization'.[1] In 2015, the organization says its members generated referrals resulting in over $9.3 billion in closed business worldwide.[2] BNI was founded in 1985 by Ivan Misner.[3]

text: Operational[edit]

text: Local BNI chapters arrange regular meetings for people from various industries and encourage the passing of referrals. It appears most effective for locally based, mainstream businesses, operating mostly off the Internet.[4]

text: Statistics[edit]

text:
Number of members: 200,000[5]
Total annual value of referrals: 7.7 million referrals, resulting in US$9.3 billion worth of business[6]

tag: ul


document_title: First Epistle of John

question_text: who was the letter of 1 john written to

question_tokens: who was the letter of 1 john written to

text: First Epistle of John

text: Content[edit]

text: The main themes of the epistle are love and fellowship with God.[2][3] The author describes various tests by which readers may ascertain whether or not their communion with God is genuine, and teaches that the proof of spiritual regeneration is a life of active righteousness.[4] It also distinguishes between the world (which is full of evil and under the dominion of Satan) and the children of God (who are set apart from the world).[5]

text: Style[edit]

text: The epistle is not written in the same form as the other biblical epistles, lacking an epistolary opening or conclusion.[6] The epistle is written in a simple style, without syntactical flourishes,[6] and makes frequent use of asyndeton, where related thoughts are placed next to one another without conjunctions.[7] In contrast to the linear style used in the Pauline epistles, John's thought moves in loops or circles forming a slowly advancing sequence of thought.[5] This is similar to the parallel structure of Hebrew poetry, in which the second verse of a couplet often carries the same meaning as the first, though in the epistle the frequent recapitulations of already expressed ideas serve also to add to what has previously been said.[8] In summary, the epistle may be said to exhibit a paraenetic style which is "marked by personal appeal, contrasts of right and wrong, true and false, and an occasional rhetorical question".[6]

text: Some scholars have proposed the idea that the epistle is really John's commentary on a selection of traditional parallel couplets. While this theory, first propounded by Ernst von Dobschütz and Rudolf Bultmann, is not universally accepted, Amos Wilder writes that, "It is at least clear that there are considerable and sometimes continuous elements in the epistle whose style distinguishes them from that of the author both with respect to poetic structure and syntactic usage."[9]

text: Authorship[edit]

text: The epistle is traditionally held to have been composed by John the Evangelist, at Ephesus,[10] when the writer was in advanced age. The epistle's content, language and conceptual style are very similar to the Gospel of John, 2 John, and 3 John, indicating that they were written by the same author.[1] Indeed, at the end of the 19th century scholar Ernest DeWitt Burton wrote that there could be "no reasonable doubt" that 1 John and the gospel were written by the same author,[11] and Amos Wilder has said that, "Early Christian tradition and the great majority of modern scholars have agreed on the common authorship of these writings, even where the author has not been identified with the apostle John."[2] This majority view is typified by the Swiss Reformer Johannes Oecolampadius, who, in summarizing the career of the beloved apostle, refers to his first epistle as "the purest gospel."[12]

text: However, other modern scholars have challenged this position. Though the common authorship of the three epistles is still almost universally accepted, scholars such as Heinrich Julius Holtzmann and C. H. Dodd have maintained that the epistle and the gospel were written by different authors.[2] There are at least two principal arguments for this view. The first is that the epistle often uses a demonstrative pronoun at the beginning of a sentence, then a particle or conjunction, followed by an explanation or definition of the demonstrative at the end of the sentence, a stylistic technique which is not used in the gospel.[6] The second is that the author of the epistle "uses the conditional sentence in a variety of rhetorical figures which are unknown to the gospel".[13]

text: Purpose[edit]

text: "The Fourth Gospel addresses itself to the challenges posed by Judaism and others outside Johannine circles who have rejected the community's vision of Jesus as preexistent Son, sent by the Father. The epistles (First, Second, and Third John) "describe the fracturing of the Johannine community itself".[14]

text: The author wrote the epistle so that the joy of his audience would "be full" (1:4) and that they would "not practice sin" (2:1) and that "you who believe in the name of the Son of God... may know that you have eternal life" (5:13). We can therefore distinguish in the epistle both a general purpose (to increase mutual joy) and a specific purpose (to provide readers with tests by which they might assure themselves of their salvation).[15] It appears as though the author was concerned about heretical teachers that had been influencing churches under his care.[10] Such teachers were considered Antichrists (2:18–19) who had once been church leaders but whose teaching became heterodox. It appears that these teachers taught a form of docetism in which Jesus came to earth as a spirit without a real body of flesh (4:2) that his death on the cross was not as a true atonement for sins (1:7).[10] It appears that John might have also been rebuking a proto-Gnostic named Cerinthus, who also denied the true humanity of Christ.[citation needed]

text: The purpose of the author (1:1–4) is to declare the Word of Life to those to whom he writes, in order that they might be united in fellowship with the Father and his Son Jesus Christ. He shows that the means of union with God are, (1) on the part of Christ, his atoning work (1:7; 2:2; 3:5; 4:10, 14; 5:11, 12) and his advocacy (2:1); and (2), on the part of man, holiness (1:6), obedience (2:3), purity (3:3), faith (3:23; 4:3; 5:5), and love (2:7, 8; 3:14; 4:7; 5:1).

text: Whereas the Gospel of John was written to unbelievers, this epistle was written to those who were already believers (5:13).[15] It seems likely that its audience was largely gentile rather than Jewish, since it contains few Old Testament quotations or distinctly Jewish forms of expression.[10] The epistle was probably carried by itinerant missionaries to different churches throughout the region and read aloud to the congregations.[16]

text: Johannine Comma[edit]

text: A Trinitarian gloss added to Latin translations of the epistle in the 4th century was interpolated in the text over the course of the Middle Ages, known as the Johannine Comma.[17] Although no Greek manuscripts before the 15th century include the passage, Erasmus added it to later editions of his edition of the New Testament, beginning in 1522.[18] Bibles translated from his edition integrate the passage, including the King James Version (1611), which renders it as follows (in italics):

text: 7For there are three that beare record in heaven, the Father, the Word, and the Holy Ghost: and these three are one. 8And there are three that beare witnesse in earth, the Spirit, and the Water, and the Blood, and these three agree in one.

text: Translations made since the 18th century and based on a critical edition do not include this text, or include it as a footnote.