document_title: The Breakfast Club

question_text: name of high school in the breakfast club

text: The Breakfast Club

text: Plot[edit]

text: On Saturday, March 24, 1984, five students report at 7:00 a.m. for all-day detention at Shermer High School in Shermer, Illinois. While not complete strangers, each of them comes from a different clique, and they seem to have nothing in common: the beautiful and pampered Claire Standish, the state champion wrestler Andrew Clark, the geekish intellect Brian Johnson, the introverted outcast Allison Reynolds, and the rebellious delinquent John Bender.

text: They gather in the high school library, where assistant principal Richard Vernon instructs them not to speak, move from their seats, or sleep until they are released at 3:00 p.m. He assigns them a thousand-word essay, in which each must describe "who you think you are." He then leaves, returning only occasionally to check on them. Bender, who has a particularly antagonistic relationship with Vernon, ignores the rules and frequently riles up the other students, teasing Brian and Andrew and harassing Claire. Allison is initially quiet, except for an occasional random outburst. Over the course of the day, Vernon gives Bender several weekends' worth of additional detention and even locks him in a storage closet, but he escapes and returns to the library.

text: The students pass the hours by talking, arguing, and, at one point, smoking marijuana that Bender retrieves from his locker. Gradually, they open up to each other and reveal their deepest personal secrets: Allison is a compulsive liar; Andrew cannot easily think for himself; Bender comes from an abusive household; Brian was planning suicide with a flare gun due to the inability to cope with a bad grade; and Claire is a virgin who feels constant pressure from her friends to be a certain way. They also discover that they all have strained relationships with their parents, which are a key cause for their personal issues as well: Allison's parents ignore her due to their own problems; Andrew's father constantly criticizes his efforts at wrestling and pushes him as hard as possible; Bender's father verbally and physically abuses him; Brian's overbearing parents put immense pressure on him to earn high grades; and Claire's parents use her to get back at each other during frequent arguments. The students realize that, even with their differences, they face similar pressures and complications in their lives.

text: Despite their differences in social status, the group begins to form friendships as the day progresses. Claire gives Allison a makeover, to reveal just how pretty she really is, which sparks romantic interest in Andrew. Claire decides to break her "pristine" virgin appearance by kissing Bender in the closet and giving him a hickey. Although they suspect that the relationships will end with the end of their detention, their mutual experiences will change the way they look at their peers afterwards.

text: As the detention nears its end, the group requests that Brian complete the essay for everyone and John returns to the storage closet to fool Vernon into thinking he has not left. Brian writes the essay and leaves it in the library for Vernon to read after they leave. As the students part ways outside the school, Allison and Andrew kiss, as do Claire and Bender. Allison rips Andrew's state champion patch from his letterman jacket to keep, and Claire gives Bender one of her diamond earrings, which he attaches to his earlobe. Vernon reads the essay (read by Brian in voice-over), in which Brian states that Vernon has already judged who they are, using simple definitions and stereotypes. One by one, the five students' voices add, "But what we found out is that each one of us is a brain, and an athlete, and a basket case, a princess, and a criminal." Brian signs the letter as "The Breakfast Club." Bender raises his fist in triumph as he walks across the school football field toward home.

text: Cast[edit]

text:
Judd Nelson as John Bender
Molly Ringwald as Claire Standish
Emilio Estevez as Andy Clark
Anthony Michael Hall as Brian Johnson
Ally Sheedy as Allison Reynolds
Paul Gleason as Assistant Principal Vernon
John Kapelos as Carl Reed
Ron Dean as Mr. Clark

text: Production[edit]

text: Casting[edit]

text: Molly Ringwald and Anthony Michael Hall both starred in Hughes' 1984 film Sixteen Candles. Towards the end of filming, Hughes asked them both to be in The Breakfast Club. Hall became the first to be cast, agreeing to the role of Brian Johnson. Ringwald was originally approached to play the character of Allison Reynolds, but she was "really upset" because she wanted to play Claire Standish. She eventually convinced the director and the studio to give her the part.[5] The role of Allison ultimately went to Ally Sheedy.

text: Emilio Estevez originally auditioned for the role of John Bender. However, when Hughes was unable to find someone to play Andrew Clarke, Estevez was recast. Nicolas Cage was considered for the role of John Bender, which was the last role to be cast, though the role was narrowed down to John Cusack and Judd Nelson. Hughes eventually cast Cusack, but decided to replace him with Nelson before shooting began, because Cusack did not look threatening enough for the role. At one point, Hughes was disappointed at Nelson because he stayed in character by harassing Ringwald off-camera, and the other actors had to convince Hughes not to fire him.[5][6]

text: Rick Moranis was originally cast as the janitor but left due to creative differences and was replaced by John Kapelos.[7]

text: Filming[edit]

text: In 1999, Hughes said that his request to direct the film met with resistance and skepticism because he lacked filmmaking experience.[8] Hughes ultimately convinced the film's investors that due to the modest $1 million budget and its single location shoot, he could greatly minimize their risk. Hughes originally thought that The Breakfast Club would be his directorial debut. Hughes opted for an insular, largely one room set and wrote it about high school students, who would be played by younger actors.[9]

text: Principal photography began on March 28, 1984, and ended in May. Filming took place at Maine North High School in Des Plaines, Illinois, shuttered in 1981. The same setting was used for interior scenes of Hughes' 1986 film Ferris Bueller's Day Off, which featured exterior shots from nearby Glenbrook North High School. The library at Maine North High School, considered too small for the film, prompted the crew to build the set in the school's gymnasium.[10] The actors rehearsed with each other for three weeks and then shot the film in sequence.[11] On the Ferris Bueller's Day Off DVD commentary (featured on the 2004 DVD version), Hughes revealed that he shot the two films concurrently to save time and money, and some outtakes of both films feature elements of the film crews working on the other film. The first print was 150 minutes in length.[12]

text: During a cast reunion in honor of the film's 25th anniversary, Ally Sheedy revealed that a Director's Cut existed but Hughes' widow did not disclose any details concerning its whereabouts.[6]

text: In 2015 the first draft of the film's script was discovered in a Maine South High School cabinet as district employees were moving offices to a new building.[13]

text: Poster[edit]

text: The film's poster, featuring the five characters huddled together, was photographed by Annie Leibovitz toward the end of shooting. The shot of five actors gazing at the camera influenced the way teen films were marketed from that point on.[14] The poster refers to the five "types" of the story using slightly different terms than those used in the film, and in a different sequence, stating "They were five total strangers with nothing in common, meeting for the first time. A brain, a beauty, a jock, a rebel and a recluse." The poster itself was so influential, it was parodied in The Texas Chainsaw Massacre 2 a year later.

text: Themes[edit]

text: The main theme of the film is the constant struggle of the American teenager to be understood, by adults and by themselves. It explores the pressure put on teenagers to fit into their own realms of high school social constructs, as well as the lofty expectations of their parents, teachers, and other authority figures. On the surface, the students have little in common with each other. However, as the day rolls on, they eventually bond over a common disdain for the aforementioned issues of peer pressure and parental expectations.[15][16] Stereotyping is another theme. Once the obvious stereotypes are broken down, the characters "empathize with each other's struggles, dismiss some of the inaccuracies of their first impressions, and discover that they are more similar than different."[17]

text: The main adult character, Mr. Vernon, is not portrayed in a positive light. He consistently talks down to the students and flaunts his authority throughout the film. Bender is the only one who stands up to Vernon.[15]

text: Release[edit]

text: The film premiered in Los Angeles on February 7, 1985. Universal Pictures released the film in cinemas on February 15, 1985 in the United States. On February 18, 1985 it was released in the Soviet Union, making it one of the rare west films to be shown. [18]

text: Home media[edit]

text: In 2003, the film was released on DVD as part of the "High School Reunion Collection".[19] In 2008, a "Flashback Edition" DVD was released with several special features, including an audio commentary with Anthony Michael Hall and Judd Nelson.[20] A 25th Anniversary Edition Blu-ray was released in 2010,[21] and the same disc was re-released with a DVD and digital copy in 2012 as part of Universal's 100th Anniversary series.[22][23] On March 10, 2015, the 30th Anniversary Edition was released. This release was digitally remastered and restored from the original 35mm film negatives for better picture quality on DVD, Digital HD and Blu-ray.[24]

text: Reception[edit]

text: Critical response[edit]

text: The film received high critical acclaim. The review aggregator website Rotten Tomatoes gives the film an 89% approval rating based on 56 reviews with a critical consensus that states "The Breakfast Club is a warm, insightful, and very funny look into the inner lives of teenagers".[25] Review aggregator Metacritic assigned the film a weighted average score of 62% based on 11 reviews from mainstream critics, considered to be "generally favorable reviews".[26]

text: Box office[edit]

text: In February 1985, the film debuted at #3 at the box office (behind blockbuster film Beverly Hills Cop and Witness starring Harrison Ford).[27] Grossing $45,875,171 domestically and $51,525,171 worldwide, the film is a box office success, given its alleged $1 million budget.[28]

text: Award[edit]

text: Anthony Michael Hall, Judd Nelson, Molly Ringwald, Paul Gleason and Ally Sheedy won a Silver Bucket of Excellence Award at the 2005 MTV Movie Awards in 2005.

text:
Award
Nominee
Result

Silver Bucket of Excellence Award
Anthony Michael Hall
Judd Nelson
Paul Gleason
Molly Ringwald
Ally Sheedy
Won

text: American Film Institute lists[edit]

text:
AFI's 100 Years...100 Songs:

"Don't You (Forget About Me)" – Nominated[29]

AFI's 100 Years...100 Cheers - Nominated[30]
AFI's 100 Years...100 Movies (10th Anniversary Edition) — Nominated[31]
AFI's 100 Years...100 Movie Quotes:

Principal Richard Vernon: "Don't mess with the bull, young man. You'll get the horns!" – Nominated

text: Legacy[edit]

text: The Breakfast Club is known as the "quintessential 1980s film" and is considered as one of the best films of the decade.[32] In 2008, Empire magazine ranked it #369 on their The 500 Greatest Movies of All Time list.[33] It then rose 331 places to rank at #38 on their 2014 list.[34] Similarly, The New York Times placed the film on its Best 1000 Movies Ever list[35] and Entertainment Weekly ranked the film number 1 on its list of the 50 Best High School Movies.[36] In the 2001 parody film Not Another Teen Movie, Gleason reprised his role as Assistant Principal Vernon in a short scene that parodies The Breakfast Club.[37]

text: In 2005, the film received the Silver Bucket of Excellence Award in honor of its 20th anniversary at the MTV Movie Awards. For the event, MTV attempted to reunite the original cast. Sheedy, Ringwald, and Hall appeared together on stage, with Kapelos in the audience; Gleason gave the award to his former castmates. Estevez could not attend because of other commitments, and Nelson appeared earlier in the show but left before the on-stage reunion, prompting Hall to joke that the two were "in Africa with Dave Chappelle". Yellowcard performed Simple Minds' anthem for the film, "Don't You (Forget About Me)", at the awards. At the 82nd Academy Awards (March 7, 2010), Sheedy, Hall, Ringwald, and Nelson all appeared in a tribute to John Hughes — who had died a few months prior — along with other actors who had worked with him, including Jon Cryer from Pretty in Pink, Matthew Broderick from Ferris Bueller's Day Off, and Macaulay Culkin from Home Alone.

text: Soundtrack[edit]

text:
The Breakfast Club (Original Motion Picture Soundtrack)

Soundtrack album by various artists

Released
February 19, 1985

Recorded
1984

Genre
Rock, new wave

Length
38:02

Label
A&M Records

Producer
various artists

Singles from The Breakfast Club (Original Motion Picture Soundtrack)

"Don't You"
Released: February 20, 1985 (US), April 8, 1985 (UK)

Audio sample

Simple Minds—Don't You (Forget About Me)

file
help

text: The Breakfast Club soundtrack album was released on February 19, 1985 by A&M Records. The album peaked at No. 17 on the Billboard 200 album chart. The song "Don't You (Forget About Me)" performed by Scottish rock band Simple Minds was released on February 20, 1985 in the United States and on April 8, 1985 in the United Kingdom as a single and reached No. 1 on the Billboard Hot 100.

text: Track listing[edit]

text:
"Don't You (Forget About Me)" – Simple Minds
"Waiting" – E.G. Daily
"Fire in the Twilight" – Wang Chung
"I'm the Dude" (instrumental) – Keith Forsey
"Heart Too Hot to Hold" – Jesse Johnson and Stephanie Spruill
"Dream Montage" (instrumental) – Gary Chang
"We Are Not Alone" – Karla DeVito
"Reggae" (instrumental) – Keith Forsey
"Didn't I Tell You?" – Joyce Kennedy
"Love Theme" (instrumental) – Keith Forsey

text: Critical reception[edit]

text: In a June 25, 1985 review for The Village Voice, music critic Robert Christgau gave the album a "D−" and said that it has "utterly negligible" songs, and he commended Simple Minds for trying to distance themselves from their song, "Don't You (Forget About Me)," best known for being played during the film's opening and closing credits.[38] In a retrospective review for AllMusic, Stephen Thomas Erlewine gave the soundtrack three out of five stars and wrote that, apart from Simple Minds' "undisputed masterpiece," the album is largely "disposable" and marred by "'80s artifacts" and "forgettable instrumentals".[39]


document_title: Support Your Local Gunfighter

question_text: who played swifty morgan in support your local gunfighter

root

text: Support Your Local Gunfighter

text: Plot[edit]

text: Latigo Smith (Garner), a gambler and confidence man, is traveling by train in frontier-era Colorado  with the rich and powerful Goldie (Marie Windsor).  Goldie is besotted with Latigo and wants desperately to marry him, a fate of which he wants no part.  He manages to slip off the train at Purgatory, a jerkwater mining town.  Assessing the situation, he discovers that two rival companies of miners, led by Taylor Barton (Harry Morgan) and Colonel Ames (John Dehner), are racing each other to find a "mother lode" of gold buried somewhere nearby.  Massive dynamite blasts periodically rock the town to its foundations, creating or embellishing various moments of comic relief throughout the film.

tag: p

text: Latigo consults the town doctor (Dub Taylor) about an embarrassing problem that is not immediately revealed, but turns out to be a Goldie-related tattoo that he learns, to his chagrin, cannot be removed. Latigo's seminal weakness is gambling; he soon loses all of his money, and more, at roulette, playing his "lucky" number (23/red).  After hearing a rumor that the infamous gunslinger "Swifty" Morgan (Chuck Connors) is expected in town, Latigo concocts a scam: With the help of amiable ne'er-do-well Jug May (Jack Elam) impersonating Swifty, he schemes to pay off his debts and skip town before the real Swifty makes his appearance.  In the process, Latigo attracts the attention of Patience "The Sidewinder" Barton (Suzanne Pleshette), the hot-tempered daughter of Taylor, who desperately wants to escape this backwater frontier existence, attend "Miss Hunter's College on the Hudson River, New York, For Young Ladies of Good Families", and live a life of refinement in New York City.  Latigo falls hard for Patience, and when he and Jug side with the Bartons in a dispute, Ames sends a telegram to Swifty informing him of the situation.

text: Swifty arrives in town and immediately challenges the hapless Jug to a gunfight but at the appointed time and place Latigo is there in place of Jug, sitting atop a donkey loaded with crates of dynamite in an attempt to bluff the gunfighter.  Swifty calls Latigo's bluff but as he draws his six-shooter a particularly massive mining blast startles him and he shoots himself in the foot.  The blast also panics the donkey, who charges into the Bartons' saloon with Latigo aboard, blowing the building to smithereens; but the blast uncovers the mother lode, which conveniently sits beneath the Bartons' land.  The resulting inferno also fortuitously burns off Latigo's troublesome tattoo, while miraculously leaving him uninjured.

text: Latigo finally wins big at roulette, betting $10,000 of the Bartons' money (on 23/red).  Latigo and Patience, now both rich beyond their wildest dreams, are married. Jug narrates the outcomes from the back of a train carrying the happy couple to the east coast. Patience doesn't get to go to Miss Hunter's College but sends her seven daughters there; Swifty is still trying to get his boot off; and Jug becomes a big star in Italian westerns.

text: Cast[edit]

text:
James Garner as Latigo Smith
Suzanne Pleshette as Patience Barton
Harry Morgan as Taylor Barton
Jack Elam as Jug May
John Dehner as Col. Ames
Marie Windsor as Goldie
Dick Curtis  as Bud Barton
Dub Taylor as Doc Shultz
Joan Blondell as Jenny
Ellen Corby  as Abigail Ames
Kathleen Freeman as Mrs. Martha Perkins
Virginia Capers as Effie
Henry Jones as Ez
Ben Cooper as Colorado
Grady Sutton  as Storekeeper
Pedro Gonzalez Gonzalez as Ortiz
Chuck Connors as "Swifty" Morgan (uncredited)

tag: ul


document_title: List of supporting characters in ER

question_text: who played dr green's daughter on er

question_tokens: who played dr green 's daughter on er

text: List of supporting characters in ER

text: Desk clerks and other non-medical hospital staff[edit]

text:
Actor/Actress
Character Position
Character Name
Years of Appearance

Aylesworth, ReikoReiko Aylesworth
Hospital Chaplain
Julia Dupree
2007–2008

Benrubi, AbrahamAbraham Benrubi
Desk Clerk
Jerry Markovic
1994–1999; 2002–2006; 2008–2009

Borrego, JesseJesse Borrego
Desk Clerk
Javier
2007–2008

Bowen, AndrewAndrew Bowen
Desk Clerk Temp
Andrew "Andy"
1999–2000

Busia, AkosuaAkosua Busia
Hospital cafeteria worker and wife of Mobalage
Kobe "Kubby" Ekabo
1999

Calloway, JordanJordan Calloway
Volunteer
K.J. Thibeaux
2005–2006

Delpy, JulieJulie Delpy
Runner for Central Supplies and Luka's girlfriend
Nicole
2001

Evans, TroyTroy Evans
Desk Clerk
Frank Martin
2000–2009

Gebel, MałgorzataMałgorzata Gebel
ER Aide/Desk Clerk; Former Vascular Surgeon in Poland
Bogdana "Bob" Liwecki
1994–1995

Gossett, RobertRobert Gossett
Hospital Board Member
Dr Everett Daniels
2008

Hargitay, MariskaMariska Hargitay
Desk Clerk, also Mark Greene's lover
Hooper, CynthiaCynthia Hooper
1997–1998

Hounsou, DjimonDjimon Hounsou
Custodian
Mobalage Ekabo
1999

Joyner, DavidDavid Joyner
Dialysis Technician

2004–2006

Minter, KristinKristin Minter
Desk Clerk
Miranda "Randi" Fronczak
1995–2003

Molina, RolandoRolando Molina
Desk Clerk
Rolando
1995–1996

Noland, CharlesCharles Noland
Desk Clerk/Trainee Nurse
E Ray Bozman
1995–1997

Plummer, GlennGlenn Plummer
Desk Clerk
Timmy Rawlins
1994–1995, 2006–2007

Price, MoiraMoira Price
Surgical Night Clerk
Liza
2005

Sinha, PamelaPamela Sinha
Desk Clerk
Amira
1999–2001, 2003–2005

Zane, LisaLisa Zane
Risk Management Administrator & Doug Ross's girlfriend
Diane Leeds
1995

tag: table

text: Family members and friends[edit]

text:
Actor/Actress
Character Position
Character Name
Years of Appearance

Alexander, KhandiKhandi Alexander
Sister to Peter Benton
Jackie Robbins
1995–2001

Bartlett, BonnieBonnie Bartlett
Mother of Mark Greene. Died early in Season 6.
Ruth Greene
1997–1998

Beach, MichaelMichael Beach
Husband of Jeanie Boulet. Contracted HIV, unwittingly passed it on to Jeanie, died offscreen of AIDS in 2008.
Al Boulet (role played earlier by Bodison)
1995–1997

Bodison, WolfgangWolfgang Bodison
Husband of Jeanie Boulet
Al Boulet (role later played by Beach)
1995

Bowen, JulieJulie Bowen
Girlfriend of John Carter. In Season 5, Carter dated her but then contrived an excuse to break up with her.
Roxanne Please
1998–1999

Carson, Lisa NicoleLisa Nicole Carson
Girlfriend of Peter Benton. Claimed he was the father of her baby, later said he wasn't (which was true) and tried to take Reese away from him but failed to. Later became erratic and vindictive before she died in an auto accident.
Carla Reece
1996–2001

Chinh, KieuKieu Chinh
Mother of Jing-Mei Chen
Lin Chen
2003

Cheung, George KeeGeorge Kee Cheung
Father of Jing-Mei Chen (later played by Henry O)
Mr. Chen. Suffered permanently debilitating injuries in a car crash in China that killed his wife. Later euthanized by Jing-Mei.
2003–2004

Cullum, JohnJohn Cullum
Father of Mark Greene, a military veteran who finally reconciled with his son before dying late in Season 6.
David Greene
1997–2000

Culp, StevenSteven Culp
Boyfriend of Elizabeth Corday
Dave Spencer
2004

Davis, OliverOliver Davis
Son of Samantha Taggart
Alex Taggart (later played by Dominic Janes)
2003–2005

Mornay, Rebecca DeRebecca De Mornay
Carter's cousin's ex-wife
Elaine Nichols
1999

Dillahunt, GarretGarret Dillahunt
Ex-husband of Samantha Taggart (Earlier played by Cole Hauser)
Steve Curtis
2005–2006

Dooley, PaulPaul Dooley
Father of Susan Lewis, proved to be a much better parent than his asshole wife.
Henry Lewis
1995–1996; 2004

Farentino, JamesJames Farentino
Father of Doug Ross
Ray Ross. A charming man with issues not unlike the son he was never a father to. Died in a car accident in 1997.
1996

Field, SallySally Field
Mother of Abby Lockhart
Maggie Wyczenski
2000–2006

Fisher, FrancesFrances Fisher
Mother of Kerry Weaver
Helen Kingsley. A born-again Christian who gave Kerry up for adoption after giving birth as a teenager. Could not accept Kerry's homosexuality, leading Kerry to not pursue any further contact with her.
2005

Freeman, PaulPaul Freeman
Father of Elizabeth Corday
Dr Charles Corday
1998, 2001–2002

Glover, DannyDanny Glover
Father of Greg Pratt
Charlie Pratt. Greg's long-lost father, who Greg located and tried to forgive for abandoning him, but ultimately couldn't do so.
2005

Gregorio, RoseRose Gregorio
Mother of Carol Hathaway, who initially hated Doug and constantly undermined and fought with her daughter, but later was a good and loved parent.
Helen Hathaway
1996–1999

Gross, MichaelMichael Gross
Father of John Carter. Ineffectual man whom his son loved but didn't respect.
John "Jack" Carter Jr.
2001–2004

Curtis-Hall, VondieVondie Curtis-Hall
Husband of Carla Reece (Earlier played by Victor Williams)
Roger McGrath
2001

Harris, EstelleEstelle Harris
Mother of Jerry Markovic
Mrs. Markovic
2006

Harnos, ChristineChristine Harnos
Mark Greene's wife, then ex-wife
Jennifer "Jenn" Greene-Simon. Constantly bemoaned Mark's low-paying, high stress ER career and his refusal to take lucrative jobs elsewhere. Eventually left him, filed for divorce, and married someone else. Not much of a mother to Rachel, disappeared for good after Mark died.
1994–1996, 1996–1998, 2001–2002

Hauser, ColeCole Hauser
Ex-husband of Samantha Taggart
Steve Curtis
2004

Hazlewood, Rebecca JaneRebecca Jane Hazlewood
Cousin of Neela Rasgotra
Jaspreet
2008

Helgenberger, MargMarg Helgenberger
Doug Ross's girlfriend & his father's boss
Karen Hines
1996

Hirsh, HalleeHallee Hirsh
Daughter of Mark Greene (Earlier played by Yvonne Zima)
Rachel Greene
2001–2002; 2004; 2009

Hudson, ErnieErnie Hudson
Father of Michael Gallant
Colonel James Gallant
2006

Hurd, MichelleMichelle Hurd
Girlfriend of Kerri Weaver
Courtney Brown
2006–2007

Janes, DominicDominic Janes
Son of Samantha Taggart
Alex Taggart
2005–2009

Keach, StacyStacy Keach
Father of Tony Gates
Mike Gates
2007

Greenfield, ChloeChloe Greenfield
Daughter of Tony Gates
Sarah Gates
2006–2009

Kher, AnupamAnupam Kher
Father of Neela Rasgotra
Ajay Rasgotra
2004

Kher, KironKiron Kher
Mother of Neela Rasgotra
Mrs. Rasgotra
2004

Kwan, NancyNancy Kwan
Mother of Jing-Mei Chen
Lin Chen
2000

Laurie, PiperPiper Laurie
Mother of Doug Ross
Sarah Ross
1995–1996

Madigan, AmyAmy Madigan
Mother of Samantha Taggart
Mary Taggart
2009

Mayeux, RosaleeRosalee Mayeux
Mother of Ray Barnett
Jacy Barnett
2007

McDonnell, MaryMary McDonnell
Mother of John Carter
Eleanor Carter (née Ferguson)
2001

McFarlane, AndrewAndrew McFarlane
Nephew of Peter Benton
Jesse Robbins
2000

Morgan, TrevorTrevor Morgan
Son of Donald Anspaugh
Scott Anspaugh
1998

Newton, ThandieThandie Newton
Girlfriend and later wife of John Carter
Makemba "Kem" Likasu-Carter. Met John on a medical relief mission in the Congo. Fell in love with him and planned to be with him in Chicago, but their relationship never recovered after their son died in utero.
2003–2005; 2009

Nozick, BruceBruce Nozick
2nd husband of Jennifer "Jenn" Greene-Simon
Craig Simon
1995–1996

Parfitt, JudyJudy Parfitt
Mother of Elizabeth Corday
Isabelle Corday
2000–2002

Parker, AndreaAndrea Parker
Girlfriend of Doug Ross
Linda Farrell
1994–1995

Perrine, ValerieValerie Perrine
Mother of Susan Lewis
Cookie Lewis. A selfish, self-centered woman who constantly enabled Chloe and disappointed Susan.
1995

Radanovich, ZoranZoran Radanovich
Brother of Luka Kovač
Niko Kovač
2007

Ralph, Sheryl LeeSheryl Lee Ralph
Mother of Michael Gallant
Gloria Gallant
2006

Richards, BeahBeah Richards
Mother of Peter Benton
Mae Benton
1994–1995

Rhames, VingVing Rhames
Brother-in-law to Peter Benton
Walter Robbins
1994–1996

Scarfe, JonathanJonathan Scarfe
Cousin of John Carter
Chase Carter. Spoiled rotten young man who fell into heroin addiction and was left nearly vegetative after an overdose, but was last shown having improved greatly and being able to function in a limited manner.
1997–1998, 2001

Scott, Tom EverettTom Everett Scott
Brother of Abby Lockhart
Eric Wyczenski
2002–2003

Smith, LoisLois Smith
Grandmother of Samantha Taggart
Gracie
2007

Sternhagen, FrancesFrances Sternhagen
Grandmother of John Carter
Millicent "Gamma" Carter
1997–2003

Thedford, MarcelloMarcello Thedford
Brother of Greg Pratt
Leon Pratt
2002–2003

Valley, MarkMark Valley
Ex-husband of Abby Lockhart
Richard Lockhart
2000–2003

Victor, RenéeRenée Victor
Mother-in-law of Kerry Weaver
Florina Lopez
2004

Walsh, GwynythGwynyth Walsh
Mother of Lucy Knight
Barbara Knight
2000

Ward, FredFred Ward
Father of Abby Lockhart
Eddie Wyczenski
2006–2007

Watkins, MatthewMatthew Watkins
Son of Peter Benton
Reese Benton
1999–2001; 2009

Wilhoite, KathleenKathleen Wilhoite
Sister of Susan Lewis
Chloe Lewis
1994–1996; 2002

Williams, VictorVictor Williams
Husband of Carla Reece (Later played by Vondie Curtis-Hall)
Roger McGrath
1998–2001

Woodward, ShannonShannon Woodward
Sister of Samantha Taggart
Kelly Taggart
2009

Zima, YvonneYvonne Zima
Daughter of Mark Greene (Later played by Hallee Hirsh)
Rachel Greene
1994–2000

Actress uncredited
Sister of Lucien Dubenko
Victoria Dubenko
2006

text: Fire fighters, paramedics, police officers, and social workers[edit]

text:
Actor/Actress
Character Position
Character Name
Years of Appearance

Amick, MädchenMädchen Amick
Social Worker
Wendall Meade
2004–2005

Amitrano, ChristopherChristopher Amitrano
Police Officer
Officer Hollis
2006–2009

Bonilla, MichelleMichelle Bonilla
Paramedic
Christine Harms
1999—2009

Campbell, Scott MichaelScott Michael Campbell
EMT
Reilly Brown
1996

Claudio, ClaudineClaudine Claudio
Paramedic
Silva
2000–2001

Connor, Brendan PatrickBrendan Patrick Connor
Paramedic
Reidy
2006–2008

III, Elliot DurantElliot Durant III
Paramedic
Anders
2004, 2009

Eads, GeorgeGeorge Eads
Paramedic
Greg Powell
1997–1998

Eldard, RonRon Eldard
Paramedic. Carol's boyfriend in Season 2, before they broke up because the tragic death of his partner led to Shep becoming violent and scary and he refused to get help or deal with it.
Ray "Shep" Shepard
1995–1996

Emery, Julie AnnJulie Ann Emery
Paramedic
Nikki
2001–2003

Genovese, MikeMike Genovese
Police Officer
Al Grabarsky
1995–1996, 1998–2000

Gimpel, EricaErica Gimpel
Social Services Liaison
Adele Newman
1997–2003

Gómez, CarlosCarlos Gómez
Paramedic
Raul Melendez
1995–1996

Henderson, Lynn A.Lynn A. Henderson
Paramedic
Pamela Olbes
1995–2009

Karsian, TaraTara Karsian
Social Worker
Liz Dade
2005–2006, 2007, 2008–2009

Kim, Daniel DaeDaniel Dae Kim
Social Worker
Ken Sung
2003–2004

Lauter, EdEd Lauter
Fire Captain
Dannaker
1998–2002

Lester, BrianBrian Lester
Paramedic
Brian Dumar
1996—2009

Liberti, LouieLouie Liberti
Paramedic
Tony Bardelli
2003—2009

Manganiello, JoeJoe Manganiello
Police Officer
Officer Litchman
2007

McKnight, ChadChad McKnight
Police Officer
Officer Wilson
1995, 1996, 1999–2000, 2001–2004, 2006

Morgan, MicheleMichele Morgan
Paramedic and Dr. Corday's patient
Allison Beaumont
1997—1998

Navarro, DemetriusDemetrius Navarro
Paramedic
Morales
1998—2009

Nish, BobbyBobby Nish
Police officer
Danny Yau
2005–2006

Ruginis, VytoVyto Ruginis
Paramedic
Wright
2006—2007

Russell, MontéMonté Russell
Paramedic
Dwight Zadro
1995—2009

Vidal, LisaLisa Vidal
Firefighter
CFD Lt. Sandy Lopez
2001–2004

Wagner, EmilyEmily Wagner
Paramedic
Doris Pickman
1994—2009

Williams, CressCress Williams
Police officer and boyfriend/husband of Jeanie Boulet
Reggie Moore
1998–2000; 2008

Lowe, “Faceman”“Faceman” Lowe
Paramedic
Chris Lowe
1999?

text: Notable patients[edit]

text:
Actor/Actress
Character Position
Character Name
Years of Appearance

Benjamin, PaulPaul Benjamin
Junk Dealer, Greene's patient
Al Irving
1994, 2002

Buttons, RedRed Buttons
Carter's patient
Jules 'Ruby' Rubadoux. Carter benevolently but foolishly lied to him about his wife Sophie's terminal condition, leading to Ruby refusing to listen to Carter, but 10 years later when Ruby returned to the ER he and Carter were able to mend fences somewhat.
1995, 2005

Clooney, RosemaryRosemary Clooney
Alzheimer's disease patient
Mary Cavanaugh a.k.a. "Madam X"
1994

Cromwell, JamesJames Cromwell
Catholic Bishop and patient of Luka Kovač
Bishop Stewart
2001

Dunst, KirstenKirsten Dunst
Teen prostitute and Doug Ross's patient
Charlene "Charlie" Chiemienga
1996–1997

Gleason, JoannaJoanna Gleason
Allergy patient, Infomercial Director, and briefly Mark Greene's romance interest
Iris
1996

Hedaya, DanDan Hedaya
Lawyer and patient
Herb Spivak. Helped Mark fend off a civil lawsuit, later returned having lost all his money in a dot-com bust.
1997, 2005

Kurtz, SwoosieSwoosie Kurtz
Tele-evangelist and patient
Tina Marie Chambliss
1998

Krumholtz, DavidDavid Krumholtz
Schizophrenic patient who in a psychotic break stabbed both John Carter and Lucy Knight, the wounds leaving Carter injured and with life-long kidney problems and eventually resulted in Lucy's death.
Paul Sobricki
2000, 2002

Mara, MaryMary Mara
Originally a prostitute; later Secretary/Cancer patient
Loretta Sweet
1995–1996

Newhart, BobBob Newhart
Architect who is gradually going blind; patient of Dr. Lewis
Ben Hollander
2003

Vlahos, SamSam Vlahos
Homeless man and frequent patient in ER
Pablo
1997–1998; 2000–2003

Woods, JamesJames Woods
ALS (Lou Gehrig's disease) patient, Abby Lockheart's teacher in medical school
Dr. Nate Lennox
2006

Radnor, JoshJosh Radnor
Alderman Bright's lover who contracted Syphilis and was treated under the table by Kerry Weaver
Keith. Because he was unaware of either Bright's condition or his own allergies, he died after having a bad reaction to penicillin.
2003

Weitz, BruceBruce Weitz
Alderman for City of Chicago and patient of Kerry Weaver for Syphilis
Alderman John Bright
2003

text: Others[edit]

text:
Actor/Actress
Character Position
Character Name
Years of Appearance

Sarandon, SusanSusan Sarandon
Grandmother of a boy who died in an accident. Gave Doug and Carol permission to harvest his kidney, which ended up being used for John Carter's successful transplant.
Nora
2009

Liotta, RayRay Liotta
A dying patient gives an insight into the regrets he has about his wasted life, with Greg Pratt going from hostility towards him (he reminds Pratt of his own, absentee father) to compassion as he dies over the course of an hour.
Charlie Metcalf
2004

Liu, LucyLucy Liu
Mother of a little boy who has AIDS
Mei-Sun Leow
1995

Lloyd, JakeJake Lloyd
Son of the patient Loretta Sweet
Jimmy Sweet
1996

McGregor, EwanEwan McGregor
Holds up a convenience store with hostages including Carol Hathaway
Duncan Stewart
1997

Torry, JoeJoe Torry
Sues Mark Greene after his brother dies; a suspect in Greene's beating but isn't responsible. He and Mark have a heated conversation in which both men admit they're not the reason for the other's misery.
Chris Law
1997

Whitford, BradleyBradley Whitford
Husband of a pregnant patient in Mark Greene's care
Sean O'Brien
1995

Belushi, JamesJames Belushi
Father who was brought in after a car accident with his son
Dan Harris
2001

Padalecki, JaredJared Padalecki
Son who was brought in after a car accident with his father
Paul Harris
2001

text: Shiri Appleby Season 1, Episode 1-Teen with etopic pregnancy

text: Secondary doctors and medical students[edit]

text:
Actor/Actress
Character Position
Character Name
Years of Appearance

Alda, AlanAlan Alda
ER Attending Physician
Dr. Gabriel Lawrence
1999

Anderson, SamSam Anderson
Chief of Cardiology and member of the board. Incredibly acerbic and not friendly to the ER, but good at his job.
Dr. Jack Kayson
1994–2007

Anzilotti, PerryPerry Anzilotti
Anesthesiologist
Perry
1994, 1995–2002, 2003, 2004, 2006, 2008

Appleby, ShiriShiri Appleby
Intern
Dr. Daria Wade
2008–2009

Aquino, AmyAmy Aquino
Chief of Obstetrics & Gynecology. Originally introduced as a shrieking harpy who clashed with the ER and refused to help anyone there, but evolved over time into a likable doctor who helped multiple ER regulars deal with pregnancies.
Dr. Janet Coburn
1994—2009

Arroyo, DannyDanny Arroyo
Medical student
Reid Mooney
2001

Aylward, JohnJohn Aylward
Chief of Staff (1996–1999), General surgeon and member of the board (1999–2006), Chief of Staff (2006–2009)
Dr. Donald Anspaugh
1996—2009

Bach, JillianJillian Bach
Medical Student
Penny Nicholson
2004–2006

Bailey, EionEion Bailey
Medical Student
Jake Scanlon
2004–2005

Benedicto, LourdesLourdes Benedicto
Pediatrics Intern. Briefly dated Carter in Season 7.
Rena Trujillo
2001

Bibb, LeslieLeslie Bibb
Medical Student, flirted with Kovac in Season 9 but was nearly killed in a car accident when he was driving.
Erin Harkins
2002–2003

Blackthorne, PaulPaul Blackthorne
Invasive Radiologist, had a fling with Dr. Corday.
Dr. Jeremy Lawson
2004

Bledel, AlexisAlexis Bledel
Intern who was a key figure in the series finale.
Dr. Julia Wise
2009

Boutsikaris, DennisDennis Boutsikaris
Surgeon
Dr. David Kotlowitz
1999

Joseph Bua
Special Education Student
Boo Bradley
2001

Brisbin, DavidDavid Brisbin
Anesthesiologist who hated Dr. Corday and vice versa.
Dr. Alexander Babcock
1998–2002

Brown, ClancyClancy Brown
SPG Doctor and Kerry Weaver's boyfriend
Dr. Ellis West
1997–1998

Caldwell, L. ScottL. Scott Caldwell
Director of Neo-Natology
Dr. Megan Rabb
2004, 2006

Cheadle, DonDon Cheadle
Medical Student. Turned from a successful business path after being diagnosed with Parkinson's.
Paul Nathan
2002

Cole, MeganMegan Cole
Pathologist
Dr. Alice Upton
1996, 1998, 2000–2001, 2003

Campos, BrunoBruno Campos
Vascular Surgeon
Dr. Eddie Dorset
2003

Fuente, Joel de laJoel de la Fuente
Medical student
Ivan Fu
1997

Doman, JohnJohn Doman
Chief of Psychiatry
Dr. Carl DeRaad
1999–2000, 2001, 2003

Drew, Malaya RiveraMalaya Rivera Drew
Medical Student
Katy Alvaro
2006–2007

Elise, ChristineChristine Elise
Medical Student. Love Interest of Carter in Season 2. Temporarily estranged with Carter after she was drunk and slept with Ross accidentality. Later reconciled with Carter but broke up with him over his behavior when seeking surgical procedures. It was revealed that her med school tuition was sponsored by the US Air Force, so she had to join USAF and serve for 4 years after she graduated from medical school.
Harper Tracy
1995–1996

Epps, OmarOmar Epps
Surgical Intern who constantly suffered Dr. Peter Benton's wrath although Dr. John Carter befriended him. Unfortunately, Benton's constant bullying of Gant drove Gant over the edge so much so that Gant committed suicide by jumping in front of a train. Gant's remains which were badly disfigured were later brought to County for treatment and when Gant was paged, Benton and Carter discovered to their horror that it was Gant that they were working on. Despite their best efforts, Gant eventually succumbed to his wounds and died, his death leaving Carter devastated and angry at himself and Benton for failing to see that there was something wrong with Gant.
Dr. Dennis Gant
1996–1997

Esten, CharlesCharles Esten
Orthopedic Surgeon
Dr. Barry Grossman
2007–2008

Fox, JorjaJorja Fox
ER Intern, later resident
Dr. Maggie Doyle
1996—1999

Gertz, JamiJami Gertz
Psychiatrist
Dr. Nina Pomerantz
1997

Gilbert, SaraSara Gilbert
ER Intern, later resident
Dr. Jane Figler
2004—2008

Glave, MatthewMatthew Glave
Surgeon. Arrogant even by surgical standards, Carter didn't like him and Peter found him to be a creep.
Dr. Dale Edson
1996–1999, 2001–2002

Glazer, JeremyJeremy Glazer
Medical Student
David
2004

Grove, ChristopherChristopher Grove
Orthopeadic Surgeon
Dr. Marty Kline
2002–2003, 2006

Headly, GlenneGlenne Headly
Pediatric Surgeon
Dr. Abby Keaton
1996–1997

Henry, JustinJustin Henry
Medical student
James Sasser
1997

Howerton, GlennGlenn Howerton
ER Resident
Dr. Nick 'Coop' Cooper
2003

Ironside, MichaelMichael Ironside
Chief of Surgery and ER Chief
Dr. William 'Wild Willy' Swift
1995, 1998, 2002

Jablon, MarcMarc Jablon
Intern
Dr. Larry Western
2007–2008

Jaeck, ScottScott Jaeck
Radiologist
Dr. Steve Flint
1994–1996, 1999–2000, 2002

Jones, JuliaJulia Jones
Intern (Prev. Medical Student)
Dr. Kaya Montoya
2008–2009

LeGros, JamesJames LeGros
Pediatrician and ex-boyfriend of Anna Del Amico
Dr. Max Rocher
1998

Leguizamo, JohnJohn Leguizamo
ER attending physician
Dr. Victor Clemente
2005–2006

Lennix, HarryHarry Lennix
Infectious disease specialist and briefly boyfriend of Jeanie Boulet
Dr. Greg Fischer
1997

Ling, JuliaJulia Ling
Surgical Intern
Mae Lee Park
2006–2007

Lowe, ChadChad Lowe
Medical student, assigned to Dr. Carter in Season 4 but had no interest in doing anything ER related with his focus on medical research.
Dr. George Henry
1997, 2005

Macy, William H.William H. Macy
Chief of Surgery and Head of the ER
Dr. David Morgenstern
1994–1998; 2009

Manoux, J. P.J. P. Manoux
Junior Surgical Attending, (Formerly Chief Resident)
Dr. Dustin Crenshaw
2006–2008

Matchett, KariKari Matchett
Acting Chief Of Emergency Medicine
Dr. Skye Wexler
2007–2008

McCormack, MaryMary McCormack
Doctor in Africa
Debbie
2003–2006

McKinney, GilGil McKinney
Intern
Dr. Paul Grady
2007—2009

Mitchell, ElizabethElizabeth Mitchell
Psychiatrist who was in a relationship with Kerry Weaver for a short time before being forced out by Dr. Romano's homophobia.
Dr. Kim Legaspi
2000—2001

Morris, JulianJulian Morris
Surgical Intern
Dr. Andrew Wade
2008–2009

Orser, LelandLeland Orser
Attending Trauma Surgeon; Chief of Surgery. Dr. Corday didn't want him to be hired (for reasons that were never clearly outlined) and he took over her position after she resigned in disgrace.
Dr. Lucien Dubenko
2004–2009

Parker, Steven ChristopherSteven Christopher Parker
Surgical Intern
Dr. Harold Zelinsky
2007—2008

Philipps, BusyBusy Philipps
Medical Student. Devout Christian who inspired Archie Morris in various ways, and dated him for a little while.
Hope Bobeck
2006–2007

Pico, GiovannieGiovannie Pico
Medical Student
Ludlow
2004–2005

Pounder, CCHCCH Pounder
Surgical Attending
Dr. Angela Hicks
1994–1997

Powers, AndyAndy Powers
ER intern
Dr. Howard Ritzke
2004

Rasuk, VictorVictor Rasuk
Intern
Dr. Ryan Sanchez
2008–2009

Ravera, GinaGina Ravera
Radiologist
Dr. Bettina DeJesus
2006–2008

Rifkin, RonRon Rifkin
Senior Cardiovascular Surgeon. Genius and hospital rainmaker, but played with valid data on a key study and inspired action from Peter Benton.
Dr. Carl Vucelich
1995–1996

Rose, EmilyEmily Rose
Intern
Dr. Tracy Martin
2008–2009

Rossovich, RickRick Rossovich
Orthopedic Surgeon
Dr. John "Tag" Taglieri
1994–1995

Salem, DahliaDahlia Salem
Surgical Chief Resident
Dr. Jessica Albright
2005–2006

Shin, EddieEddie Shin
Medical student
Stanley Mao
2001

Silver, Michael B.Michael B. Silver
Psychiatrist
Dr. Paul Myers
1995, 1997–2000, 2003, 2005, 2008

Spellings, BritainBritain Spellings
ER intern
Dr. Sackowitz
2005

Sterling, MauryMaury Sterling
Psychiatrist
Dr. Nelson
2004, 2006

Strauss, KimKim Strauss
Anesthesiologist
Ari
2005–2007

Sutherland, RossifRossif Sutherland
Medical student. In Season 9, was assigned to the ER; the senior staff didn't think he was good there and he vanished without explanation.
Lester Kertzenstein
2003–2004

Terry, JohnJohn Terry
Psychiatrist and boyfriend of Susan Lewis
Dr. David 'Div' Cvetic
1994

Tucci, StanleyStanley Tucci
Chief of Emergency Medicine
Dr. Kevin Moretti
2007–2008

Vieluf, VinceVince Vieluf
Medical Student
Bernard Gamely
1998

Webb, BreshaBresha Webb
Medical Student
Laverne St. John
2008–2009

Winningham, MareMare Winningham
Chief of Emergency Services; ER attending physician who had an unhealthy obsession with Dr. Mark Greene. She was later revealed to be an imposter who had impersonated many other people in various jobs over the last few years.
Dr. Amanda Lee
1998–1999

text: Secondary nurses and other medical staff[edit]

text:
Actor/Actress
Character Position
Character Name
Years of Appearance

Brazelton, Conni MarieConni Marie Brazelton
ER Nurse
Conni Oligario
1994–2003

Cerón, LauraLaura Cerón
ER Nurse
Chuny Marquez
1995–2009

Cervini, CynthiaCynthia Cervini
Nurse
Anna Waldron
2002, 2004, 2005

Chestnut, MorrisMorris Chestnut
ICU nurse & Deb's baby's father
Frank 'Rambo' Bacon
2000

Crawford, EllenEllen Crawford
ER Nurse
Lydia Wright
1994–2003, 2009

D, DeezerDeezer D
ER Nurse
Malik McGrath
1994–2009

Freeman, YvetteYvette Freeman
ER Nurse
Haleh Adams
1994–2009

Hanami, RenRen Hanami
NICU Nurse

2006

Heiss, MaryMary Heiss
ER Nurse
Mary
2000–2008

Hernandez, April LeeApril Lee Hernandez
ER Nurse
Inez
2005–2006

Guzman, MonicaMonica Guzman
Surgical Nurse
Marisol
2008–2009

Johnson, PennyPenny Johnson
Nurse Practitioner
Lynette Evans
1998–1999

Johnston, KristenKristen Johnston
Chief ER Nurse
Eve Peyton
2005

III, Sam JonesSam Jones III
Emergency Medical Technician, Brother of Greg Pratt
Charlie 'Chaz' Pratt, Jr.
2005–2009

Lenney, DinahDinah Lenney
Surgical Charge Nurse
Shirley
1995–2004, 2006—2009

Lentz, PatPat Lentz
Nursing Supervisor
None
2005, 2008

Logan, BellinaBellina Logan
ICU, Pediatrics and Surgical Nurse
Kit
1996–2003; 2005; 2008

Logue, DonalDonal Logue
Flight Nurse and boyfriend/husband/ex-husband of Susan Lewis
Chuck Martin
2003–2005

Mariye, LilyLily Mariye
ER Nurse
Lily Jarvik
1994–2009

Marquez, VanessaVanessa Marquez
ER Nurse
Wendy Goldman
1994–1997

May, DeborahDeborah May
County Nursing Director
Mary Cain
1996–1997, 2002

Moore, Angel LaketaAngel Laketa Moore
ER Nurse
Dawn Archer
2006–2009

O'Hara, JennyJenny O'Hara
ER Nurse
Rhonda Sterling
1996

Pardue, KipKip Pardue
ER Nurse
Ben Parker
2006–2007

Richards, KyleKyle Richards
Nurse
Dori
2000—2006

Rodriguez, LucyLucy Rodriguez
Nurse
Bjerke
1996; 2000–2003

Shazana, NadiaNadia Shazana
Nurse
Jacy
2001–2008

Thalken, MegMeg Thalken
Flight Nurse
Dee McManus
1996, 1999–2001, 2005, 2008

Watanabe, GeddeGedde Watanabe
ER Nurse
Yoshi Takata
1997–2003


document_title: Eccrine sweat gland

question_text: where are eccrine glands found in the body

text: Eccrine sweat gland

text:
Eccrine sweat gland

A sectional view of the skin (magnified), with eccrine glands highlighted.

Details

Precursor
Ectoderm[1]

System
Integumentary[1]

Nerve
Cholinergic sympathetic nerves[2]

Identifiers

Latin
Glandula sudorifera merocrina;
Glandula sudorifera eccrina

MeSH
D004439

TH
H3.12.00.3.03009

FMA
59154

Anatomical terminology
[edit on Wikidata]

text: Eccrine glands (/ˈɛkrən, -ˌkraɪn, -ˌkriːn/; from ekkrinein "secrete";[3] sometimes called merocrine glands) are the major sweat glands of the human body,[4] found in virtually all skin, with the highest density in palms and soles, then on the head, but much less on the trunk and the extremities. In lower mammals, they are relatively sparse, being found mainly on hairless areas such as foot pads. They reach their peak of development in humans, where they may number 200–400/cm² of skin surface.[5][6] They produce a clear, odorless substance, sweat, consisting primarily of water.

text: Eccrine glands are composed of an intraepidermal spiral duct, the "acrosyringium"; a dermal duct, consisting of a straight and coiled portion; and a secretory tubule, coiled deep in the dermis or hypodermis.[7] The eccrine gland opens out through the sweat pore. The coiled portion is formed by two concentric layer of columnar or cuboidal epithelial cells.[8] The epithelial cells are interposed by the myoepithelial cells. Myoepithelial cells support the secretory epithelial cells. The duct of eccrine gland is formed by two layers of cuboidal epithelial cells.[9]

text: Eccrine glands are active in thermoregulation by providing cooling from water evaporation of sweat secreted by the glands on the body surface and emotional induced sweating (anxiety, fear, stress, and pain).[6][7] The white sediment in otherwise colorless eccrine secretions is caused by evaporation that increases the concentration of salts.

text: The odour from sweat is due to bacterial activity on the secretions of the apocrine sweat glands, a distinctly different type of sweat gland found in human skin.

text: Eccrine glands are innervated by the sympathetic nervous system, primarily by cholinergic fibers whose discharge is altered primarily by changes in deep body temperature (core temperature), but by adrenergic fibers as well.[10] The glands on palms and soles do not respond to temperature but secrete at times of emotional stress.

text: Secretion[edit]

text: The secretion of eccrine glands is a sterile, dilute electrolyte solution with primary components of bicarbonate, potassium, and sodium chloride (NaCl),[6] and other minor components such as glucose, pyruvate, lactate, cytokines, immunoglobulins, antimicrobial peptides (e.g., dermcidin), and many others.[6]

text: Relative to the plasma and extracellular fluid, the concentration of Na+ ions is much lower in sweat (~40 mM in sweat versus ~150 mM in plasma and extracellular fluid). Initially, within the eccrine glands, sweat has a high concentration of Na+ ions. The Na+ ions are re-absorbed into the tissue via the epithelial sodium channels (ENaC) that are located on the apical membrane of the cells that form the eccrine gland ducts (see Fig. 9 and Fig. 10 of the reference).[9] This re-uptake of Na+ ions reduces the loss of Na+ during the process of perspiration. Patients with the systemic pseudohypoaldosteronism syndrome who carry mutations in the ENaC subunit genes have salty sweat as they cannot reabsorb the salt in sweat.[11][12] In these patients, Na+ ion concentrations can greatly increase (up to 180 mmol/L).[11] [13]

text: In people who have hyperhidrosis, the sweat glands (eccrine glands in particular) overreact to stimuli and are just generally overactive, producing more sweat than normal. Similarly, cystic fibrosis patients also produce salty sweat. But in these cases, the problem is in the CFTR chloride transporter that is also located on the apical membrane of eccrine gland ducts.[9]

text: Dermcidin is a newly isolated antimicrobial peptide produced by the eccrine sweat glands.[14]