document_title: Barney Stinson

question_text: when do barney and ted become friends again

text: Barney Stinson

text: Development[edit]

text: The show's creators envisioned Barney as what Bays later described as a "large, John Belushi-type character";[3] nonetheless, Megan Branman, the casting director for How I Met Your Mother, invited Harris to audition. He assumed that he was invited solely because the two were friends and did not believe he had a chance of winning the role. Harris later said: "Since I [considered] myself the long shot, I didn't care that much, and I think that allowed a freedom." His audition centered on a scene playing laser tag, and Harris attempted a dive roll, accidentally knocking over a chair and slamming into a wall in the process. CBS executives enjoyed his playing and soon offered Harris the part.[4] The character is named for a heroin dealer in the James Ellroy novel L.A. Confidential.[citation needed]

text: Character[edit]

text: Barney Stinson is one of five main characters on How I Met Your Mother. He is a manipulative, oversexed businessman in his thirties who always wears a suit, likes women with "daddy issues" and is frequently willing to offer his (sometimes hypocritical) opinion.[4] Throughout the earlier seasons, Barney is a huge womanizer, and has been described as a "high-functioning sociopath" by his best friend, Ted Mosby (Josh Radnor). Barney has a plethora of strategies and rules designed to meet women, sleep with them, and discard them.[4] Through several seasons of the show, four (4) of the main characters are couples, as Ted began dating Robin Scherbatsky (Cobie Smulders) and Ted's roommate Marshall Eriksen (Jason Segel) becomes engaged and later married to Lily Aldrin (Alyson Hannigan). This leaves Barney the only single character, and, according to Harris, Barney is "resentful" that the other characters have paired up. Later on, in season 5, he dates Robin. They end up breaking up not long after, once they both realize they are making one another miserable.

text: Harris describes Barney as a man who "likes to create crazy situations and then sit back and watch it all go down."[5] He is an opportunist who manipulates any situation so that it goes his way. He is also highly competitive, and will take on "challenges" to complete outlandish tasks in order to prove his worth. He is proud and stubborn, and attempts to stand by his word no matter what. In "I Heart NJ", for example, he refuses to put down his fist unless someone offers him a fist bump. By the end of the episode, he has the same fist elevated in a sling after struggling to keep his fist up throughout the episode. In "Lucky Penny", when the others do not believe that he can run the New York City Marathon the next day without training, Barney immediately agrees to do so. Although he succeeds, he is unable to walk afterwards. Although he thinks of himself as worldly, Barney is sometimes extremely naive, believing many lies his mother told him well into adulthood, such as believing that Bob Barker is his father.

text: Barney, like Harris himself, is an illusionist. His favorite types of magic tricks involve fire, as seen in the tenth episode of the second season, "Single Stamina" and in the fourth episode of the fourth season, "Intervention". Barney uses magic tricks mostly to pick up women. His most common method of picking up women is telling them elaborate lies about himself, often using an alias. Many of his schemes for picking up women are in a book he has written called "The Playbook", which is exposed in the episode "The Playbook". He has commitment issues, as evidenced in his reluctance to put a label on his relationship with Robin and the fact that she is one of the few women he has actually dated since the show started.

text: Barney is very well-connected and is the most affluent member of the group. He frequently buys expensive items—such as a last-minute plane ticket to San Francisco, thousands of dollars in postage stamps, or two televisions specifically for smashing in frustration—in the spur of the moment. He is also something of a metrosexual; he waxes his chest, enjoys manicures and has an extensive knowledge of designer labels and gourmet food. However, he is also seen to have a gambling problem that he occasionally gets under control, only to relapse as seen in several episodes such as "Atlantic City", where he has gambling buddies in the Chinese Triad, and "Monday Night Football".

text: Although The Early Show described him as "Utterly devoid of morality", Barney lives by the "Bro Code", his own code of ethics.[6] Despite his overall questionable character, according to creator Craig Thomas, Barney is "a pretty fragile character who's really afraid of being alone. He just wants people to like him, to be important to people, and to have disciples who follow his word."[7] He has displayed a softer, kinder side on several occasions, however, such as preventing Marshall from sleeping with other women when he and Lily break up, and persuading Lily to come back to Marshall.

text: In "The Slutty Pumpkin Returns", Barney finds out he is one quarter Canadian, much to his horror and embarrassment.

text: Throughout the series, one major character development is apparent in Barney: At the beginning of the show, his character is a womanizer who completely objectifies sex and women and wants nothing to do with dating and relationships. Although he does date Robin in Season 5, he resumes his promiscuous lifestyle immediately after they break up. In Seasons 6 and 7, however, he begins to confront his personal issues, like his relationship with his estranged father and his fear of commitment. By the time late Season 7 rolls around, Barney has finally "grown up," and has now warmed to the idea of a commitment and marriage, culminating in his proposal to his girlfriend, Quinn. Although he briefly retreats to his escapades after he and Quinn break up, he does make one major final leap in his maturity when he burns The Playbook and proposes to Robin in Season 8's two-part episode "The Final Page," after finally admitting to himself that he is still in love with her. Robin accepts and they plan their wedding in the second half of the season.

text: The final season revolves around Barney and Robin's wedding weekend. After some apprehension on both their parts, they get married in "The End of the Aisle" after he vows to always be honest with her. The series finale, "Last Forever", reveals that, three years after their wedding, they get divorced because Robin's hectic travel schedule prevents them from spending any time together. Barney returns to a lifestyle of meaningless sex with multiple women for several years afterward, until he gets one of his one-night stands pregnant. He hates the idea of being a father until the day his child – a girl named Ellie – is born. He falls in love with her at first sight and becomes a devoted father, turning away from his player lifestyle for good.

text: Childhood and family[edit]

text: A few references have been offered to identify Barney's Birthday: In "Natural History", Barney claims he was six years old on July 23, 1981. This puts his birthday somewhere between July 24, 1974 and July 23, 1975; in "Zoo or False", Ted says Barney was born seven years after the moon landing (which occurred in July 1969), In "Columns" set in 2007, Barney gives his age as 31 further confirming his birth year is 1976. In "The Drunk Train" Marshall states Barney is a Scorpio which places his birthday between October 23 - November 21, 1976.

text: He was raised in Port Richmond, Staten Island by his mother Loretta (younger version voiced by Megan Mullally, played by Frances Conroy), who was apparently very promiscuous.[4] His father proved to be an ongoing mystery in the series. When Barney was young, he asked his mother who his father was, and as The Price Is Right happened to be on TV at the time, she pointed to Bob Barker and replied, "Oh, I don't know. That guy." Barney believed the lie wholeheartedly. Years later, as portrayed in the season 2 episode "Showdown", he appears on The Price Is Right with the intention of naming Barker as his father on national television, until he panics at the last minute and cannot go through with it. As a child, Barney was terrible at sports, and from various episodes it is shown he had few friends (one scene shows that no one attended his birthday party). In the episode "The Leap," Lily reveals that Barney planned on being a violinist when he was young.

text: In "Natural History", Barney finds out that a man named Jerome Whittaker, whom Barney believed to be his uncle, signed a form claiming to be Barney's father. Barney finally meets Jerome (John Lithgow) again in the episode "Legendaddy" and learns that he is in fact his father. Upon meeting, Jerome feels pressured to act like the hard-partying womanizer he once was in order to impress Barney, and also because Barney refuses to see him any other way. Barney eventually breaks down and accuses Jerome of walking out on him. Jerome, who can offer no excuse, apologizes and pleads with Barney to allow him to be a part of his life. Later in the sixth season, in "Hopeless", Jerome tries to impress Barney by acting like his old self, but later reveals he was just pretending. Barney, nevertheless, willingly listens to advice from Jerome about settling down. Barney also learns of his Canadian heritage, when he finds out that Jerome's mother was born in Manitoba.

text: Barney has three half-siblings: James (played by Wayne Brady), from his mother's side, a gay African American who is married to a man, with whom he has an adopted son and daughter (as revealed in the season seven episode "The Rebound Girl"); Carly (played by Ashley Benson), a university student from his father's side with whom Ted has a one-night stand in "Ring Up!", and Jerome Jr. (JJ), from his father's side, who is 11. He also has a female cousin named Leslie, with whom he accidentally grinds in a nightclub, as seen in the episode "Okay Awesome".

text: Education[edit]

text: Throughout the series Barney has claimed to have attended MIT; In the final season, Barney explains that MIT is an acronym for the Magicians Institute of Teaneck, not the Massachusetts Institute of Technology. He has worn a Cornell Big Red T-shirt,[8] indicating that he may have gone there, instead. As evidenced in Season 2 "Atlantic City", Barney learned at least conversational Korean, Chinese at some point, as well as some French. His musical skills include playing the drums, dancing the tango and singing. He is also skilled at juggling and laser tag.

text: Adult life prior to 2005 ("Pilot")[edit]

text: "Game Night" reveals that Barney had once been an innocent, idealistic young man who wanted to join the Peace Corps with his first serious girlfriend, Shannon. When she left him for a suit-wearing womanizer, James arranged for the 23-year-old Barney to lose his virginity to their mother's friend, Rhonda "the Man Maker" French.[9] After he slept with Rhonda and was led to believe he satisfied her, he became a similarly suit-wearing womanizer, even going so far as to adopt some of his rival's catchphrases. He lives by a strict code known as the Bro Code.[10][better source needed]

text: Barney is also revealed to have had a gambling problem, enabled by his mother, who is a bookmaker. However, he assures the group that it is not a problem because he is so good at it. He revealed in "Atlantic City" that he lost his entire life savings playing a Chinese game. He has also apparently lost every one of his many bets on the Super Bowl. He will go to any lengths to win a bet, even if it takes one year for just $10.[11]

text: In the series (2005–2014)[edit]

text: While Barney's softer, generous side is not often apparent,[7] it is not always relegated to flashbacks. When Marshall and Lily break their engagement in season one, Barney lures women away from Marshall so that he can remain faithful to the woman he truly loves.[5] It is revealed that it was Barney who convinced Lily to come back to New York, even buying her a plane ticket home. Barney's relationship with women evolves throughout the series; in the later seasons, he begins to desire a more conventional relationship, as evidenced by his subsequent proposals to both Quinn Garvey and Robin Scherbatsky. He is also known to write a blog.[12] In an allusion to Harris' role in Doogie Howser, M.D., the music played during his blogging sessions is the theme song from the show.

text: Career[edit]

text: Throughout the series, Barney frequently refuses to say what he does for a living, brushing off any questions about his job with a dismissive "Please."

text: Barney is apparently quite wealthy, and is undeniably the richest out of the five. He lives in an upscale apartment and is rich enough to own two 300 inch televisions shipped from Japan as well as expensive memorabilia, including an Imperial Stormtrooper costume from the Star Wars films.[13] Barney is also shown to be a fan of the rock groups AC/DC, Van Halen and Bon Jovi.

text: In his blog, he writes that he is the Director of WHO DID THIS.[14] The company he works for, Altrucell,[15] advertises itself as the world's largest producer of the felt covers of tennis balls; however, Future Ted implies that the company's main profits come from other, less innocent sources, such as logging, oil drilling, small arms, tobacco farming and missile construction. Barney states in "Cupcake" that, as a lawyer for Altrucell, Marshall would make more money in three months than he and Lily make in a year because his company has so many lawsuits against it.[6] In the season 3 episode "The Bracket," he says that he is good enough at lying to avoid perjury charges. As of Season 4, his company is involved in a hostile takeover of Goliath National Bank (GNB) and consequently shifts him to the management team of the bank, but he remains a powerful executive and continues to use the same office he has had since it was first shown in Season 1. Despite this, he has suggested there is the possibility he will one day wash up on shore with no teeth or fingerprints and supposedly has come under attack by ninjas in the past during work. In Season 4, during the episode "Happily Ever After", Barney states to a woman that he is an "Attorney in Law", though this was probably just part of a pick-up line as he immediately followed it with "Let's talk about getting you off". His video resume was published in Season 4 episode "The Possimpible".[16] In a season 8 episode, it was implied that the full extent of Barney's career might never be revealed.

text: In the Season 9 episode "Unpause", he drunkenly reveals that his job is to "Provide Legal Exculpation And Sign Everything" (P.L.E.A.S.E.), setting him up to be the fall guy for his company's nefarious activities. Unknown to his company, he has been conspiring with the federal government as part of a long-term plan to get revenge on his boss, who stole his girlfriend prior to the start of the series.

text: Friends[edit]

text: Ted Mosby[edit]

text: Ted is Barney's self-proclaimed best friend and "wing man". They meet in 2001 at MacLaren's, and Barney takes it upon himself to "teach Ted how to live". While Ted is often annoyed by Barney's antics, he considers him a good friend, and in "Miracles," says that Barney is like a brother to him. Their friendship has been tested, however; in "The Goat", Ted finds out that Barney and Robin slept together and ends their friendship, and refuses to speak to him for several episodes. In the third-season finale, "Miracles", however, Ted forgives Barney after Barney severely injures himself while trying to help him. They remain an important part of each other's lives for the rest of the series, with Barney comforting Ted after he is left at the altar in "Shelter Island" and Ted teaching Barney how to be a good boyfriend to Robin in "Robin 101" . Ted is the best man at Barney's wedding, and, along with the other main characters, is present for the birth of his child.[17]

text: Marshall Eriksen[edit]

text: Barney meets Marshall around the same time as Ted, and takes it upon himself to give Marshall unwanted advice on picking up women. While Marshall makes fun of Barney's promiscuity and ethical lapses, however, Barney has helped him many times throughout the series. For example, Barney gets him an internship at Altrucell in "Life Among the Gorillas", keeps him from sleeping with other women in "The Scorpion and the Toad", persuades Lily to come back to him in "Bachelor Party", and gets him a job at Goliath National Bank in "The Best Burger in New York". Barney is "co-best man" with Ted at Marshall's wedding. Along with the other main characters, Marshall is present for the birth of Barney's daughter. In the episode "Slap Bet", Barney loses a bet with Marshall and agrees to let Marshall slap him five times at random occasions "throughout eternity". This is later extended to eight slaps in the episode "Disaster Averted". Marshall administers these slaps in the episodes "Slap Bet", "Stuff", "Slapsgiving", "Slapsgiving 2: Revenge of the Slap", "Slapsgiving 3: Slappointment in Slapmarra", and "The End of the Aisle".

text: Lily Aldrin[edit]

text: Barney makes many unwelcome sexual advances toward Lily throughout the series, and frequently implies that Lily is secretly attracted to him, despite all evidence to the contrary. Nevertheless, he considers Lily a confidante, seeking her advice on winning Robin over and telling her deeply personal secrets, such as his failed ambition to be a concert violinist. He also admires her skill at lying and manipulating people, considering it to be on par with his own. While Lily calls Barney "the world's biggest pervert" and a "womanizing creep", she also considers him one of her best friends. Along with the other main characters, Lily is present for the birth of Barney's daughter.[17]

text: Robin Scherbatsky[edit]

text: Barney and Robin start out as friends, but he falls in love with her after they impulsively sleep together in "Sandcastles in the Sand". Throughout Season 4, he struggles with his feelings for her, until they finally get together in the season finale "The Leap". They become a full-fledged couple in season 5, but they break up in "The Rough Patch" when they find that they are making each other miserable. They never truly get over each other, however, even while they are dating other people. In the eighth season, he launches an elaborate plan to win Robin's heart (encouraged by Ted's future wife) that ends with Barney proposing to her. She accepts, and they get engaged. The final season revolves around their wedding weekend. After much doubt and soul-searching, they get married in "The End of the Aisle". The series finale, "Last Forever", reveals that, after three years of marriage, they get divorced because Robin's work schedule prevents them from spending any time together. They do not see each other again for several years, until Ted's wedding.[17]

text: Romantic relationships[edit]

text: Robin Scherbatsky[edit]

text: Others[edit]

text: Barney has two other serious girlfriends throughout the series: Nora (Nazanin Boniadi), on whom he cheats with Robin; and Quinn (Becki Newton), a stripper to whom he proposes, but with whom he breaks up upon realizing that they don't trust each other.

text: Appearances outside How I Met Your Mother[edit]

text: In 2008, the book The Bro Code, ostensibly written by Barney, was published. Three other books ostensibly written by Barney, Bro on the Go (2009), The Playbook (2010), and Bro Code for Parents: What to Expect When You're Awesome (2012), were also published.

text: In 2010, Barney was featured in a Super Bowl commercial that showed him in the stands at the Super Bowl with a sign stating "Hey Ladies Call Barney Stinson 1-877-987-6401." A recorded message by Neil Patrick Harris was played if the number was dialed.[18]

text: Catchphrases[edit]

text: In the show's pilot, Barney first utters the phrase, "Suit up!", as he tells others to dress like him to go out. The phrase "Suit up!" came from an ad for a suit sale in a later episode about his past with Shannon. According to creator Thomas, this is a sign that Barney "thought of his suit as some kind of superhero outfit that separated him from the pack."[7] The phrase is repeated in many episodes, and is often modified to fit whatever clothing Barney is wearing, such as "Flight suit up", "Snow suit up", and even "Birthday suit up". He also uses the word "awesome" to describe anything that he finds remotely pleasing, and invents different kinds of "high-fives" for every occasion. However, Barney's arguably most famous catch phrase is "Legendary!" which he uses to describe anything and everything fun and exciting (In fact, Ted says that he over-uses it). When saying something is legendary, he typically says "it's going to be Legen... wait for it... dary! Legendary!" He also says "wait for it" quite often. And also he often uses the word "Nice" to express when he enjoys something or someone.

text: In the show Barney frequently approaches attractive women with Ted in tow and asks "Haaaaaave you met Ted?" as a way to start a conversation with strangers. Thomas says that this phrase is based in real life, as a one-time friend of his often used a similar line to meet women.[7] He is also prone to saying "Daddy's Home" as either a chat-up line or for grand entrances, and "True Story" as an ending to stories or theories that are generally erroneous.

text: Barney often uses the phrase "Challenge accepted" when someone mentions an outlandish task that supposedly cannot be done; he takes this as a personal challenge and attempts, usually successfully, to perform the task.

text: Reception[edit]

text: According to The Early Show, Barney is one of the main reasons that the show has been a success.[6] Maclean's stated that Barney is the show's most popular character and explains that the most likeable characters are often those with the best catchphrases.[7] In 2006, TV Land named Barney's "Suit Up" one of the 100 Best Catchphrases. Barney's signature phrase is one of only four from contemporary television shows, as writers are now less likely to have a character repeat a phrase in many episodes.[7] In June 2010, Entertainment Weekly named him one of the 100 Greatest Characters of the Last 20 Years.[19] Paste included him in their list of the 20 Best Characters of 2011, ranking him No. 4.[20]

text: From 2007–10, Harris was nominated for a Primetime Emmy for Outstanding Supporting Actor in a Comedy Series for his work playing Barney.[21] In 2008, Fireside published The Bro Code. Ostensibly written by Stinson, although actually penned by Matt Kuhn, a writer for the show, the book reveals the code by which the character supposedly lives his life (though he has been shown disregarding and/or violating a large portion of the articles in the book).[22] Oxford Dictionaries recognized Stinson as "the quintessence of a certain iteration of the contemporary bro" and noted how his language uses the word liberally.[23]


document_title: First Family of the United States

question_text: who was the first president to call his residence the white house

root

text: First Family of the United States

text: The First Family of the United States (FFOTUS) is the official title for the family of the President of the United States, who is both head of state and head of government of the United States. Members of the First Family consist of the President, the First Lady of the United States, and any of their children. However, other close relatives of the President and First Lady, such as parents, grandchildren, stepchildren, and in-laws, may be classified as members of the First Family if they reside in the Executive Residence of the White House Complex.

tag: p

text: In the United States, the term "First Family" in casual reference to the President's immediate family, is most often used by the media and in particular, the White House press corps. Individually, each member of the First Family is designated a Secret Service codename by the United States Secret Service. Used by special agents, these code names uniquely identify members of the First Family for their ongoing protection as well as for the sake of brevity, clarity, and tradition.

text: List[edit]

text:
Portrait
Administration
Years
President and First Lady
Children and family
Notes

Trump
January 20, 2017
—
present
Donald and Melania Trump
Barron
Donald Jr., Ivanka and Eric are the President's children from his first marriage to Ivana Trump, while Tiffany is his daughter from his second marriage to Marla Maples and Barron is his son from his third marriage to Melania Trump. Barron is the first Presidential son to live at the White House since John F. Kennedy Jr. in 1963; however from January to June 2017 he remained with his mother at Trump Tower so he could complete his school year at Manhattan's Columbia Grammar & Preparatory School.[1] Melania Trump is the second First Lady to be foreign-born after Louisa Adams and the first to be a naturalized citizen.

Obama
January 20, 2009
—
January 20, 2017
Barack and Michelle Obama
Malia and Sasha
Marian Shields Robinson, mother to the First Lady and mother-in-law to the President, lived with the First Family in the Executive Residence at the White House Complex. They were the first African American family to live in the White House.

G.W. Bush
January 20, 2001
—
January 20, 2009
George W. and Laura Bush
Barbara and Jenna
Barbara and Jenna, fraternal twins, were also the nation's First Granddaughters, from January 20, 1989 to January 20, 1993. Barbara and Jenna were seven years old at the time of George H. W. Bush, their grandfather's, inauguration and eleven years old when he left office. The twins were both First Daughters of Texas from 1995, when they were thirteen, to 2001, when they were nineteen. Barbara and Jenna did not live in the White house, as both attended college while their father was the President. Jenna married Henry Chase Hager at the Prairie Chapel Ranch in Crawford, Texas on May 10, 2008.[2]

Clinton
January 20, 1993
—
January 20, 2001
Bill and Hillary Clinton
Chelsea
The President and First Lady's daughter Chelsea was born a First Daughter of Arkansas. Until she left the White House in 2001, the two-year period between her father's first and second terms as the Governor of Arkansas would be the only time when she did not have an unofficial title. Beginning on January 3, 2001, Hillary Rodham Clinton was both a United States Senator for the state of New York while simultaneously carrying out her formal duties as First Lady, a title which she lost 17 days later on January 20, 2001 when President Clinton's term in office expired. Hillary was also the first woman to be nominated by a major U.S. political party in the presidential election.

G.H.W. Bush
January 20, 1989
—
January 20, 1993
George and Barbara Bush
George W., Jeb, Neil, Marvin, and Dorothy
The President and First Lady's eldest daughter, Robin, died of leukemia in 1953. Arguably, other members of the First Family included, First Mother/Grandmother, Dorothy Wear Walker Bush (died in 1992), First Grandsons George, Jebby, Pierce, and Samuel LeBlond; and First Granddaughters Barbara, Jenna, Noelle, Lauren, Ashley, and Ellie LeBlond[2]

Reagan
January 20, 1981
—
January 20, 1989
Ronald and Nancy Reagan
Maureen, Michael, Patti, and Ron
Maureen and Michael were two of the President's children from his first marriage to Hollywood actress Jane Wyman while Patti and Ron were the President's two youngest children from his second marriage to Nancy Reagan.

Carter
January 20, 1977
—
January 20, 1981
Jimmy and Rosalynn Carter
John, James Earl Carter III, Donnel, and Amy
The President and First Lady's three sons John, James, and Donnel were all grown adults when the First Family moved into the Executive Residence in 1977. Their daughter Amy was the first true child to live in the White House since the Kennedy children lived there between 1961 and 1963.

Ford
August 9, 1974
—
January 20, 1977
Gerald and Betty Ford
Susan, Michael, Jack, and Steven
The President and First Lady's daughter Susan was a teenage high school student during her time in the White House. Their three sons Michael, Jack, and Steven were all grown adults when the First Family moved into the Executive Residence in 1974.

Nixon
January 20, 1969
—
August 9, 1974
Richard and Pat Nixon
Tricia and Julie
One of the most thrilling occurrences during the President's administration was the marriage of his daughter Tricia to Edward Cox, who were wed in a fairytale ceremony in the Rose Garden of the White House on June 12, 1971. The President and First Lady's other daughter, Julie Nixon Eisenhower, married David Eisenhower, a grandson of Dwight D. Eisenhower.

L.B. Johnson
November 22, 1963
—
January 20, 1969
Lyndon and Lady Bird Johnson
Lynda Bird, and Luci
The President and First Lady's oldest daughter Lynda married Charles S. Robb, a former Governor of Virginia and two-term senator from the Commonwealth of Virginia, in the East Room at the White House on December 9, 1967.

Kennedy
January 20, 1961
—
November 22, 1963
John and Jacqueline Kennedy
Caroline, John Jr., and Patrick
The President and First Lady's first-born daughter, Arabella, was delivered as a stillborn in 1956. The First Lady gave birth prematurely to a second son, Patrick Bouvier Kennedy, on August 7, 1963. The child died two days later due to hyaline membrane disease. In 1999, John Jr. died in a plane crash, leaving his sister Caroline as the only surviving child of the President and First Lady.

Eisenhower
January 20, 1953
—
January 20, 1961
Dwight and Mamie Eisenhower
John
President and Mrs. Eisenhower posed for this portrait on their 39th wedding anniversary at their farm in Gettysburg, Pennsylvania.
The President and First Lady's eldest son, Doud, died of scarlet fever in 1921. The President's only surviving son, John Eisenhower served various roles as an Assistant Staff Secretary in the West Wing, on the Army's General Staff, and in the White House as assistant to General Andrew Goodpaster.

Truman
April 12, 1945
—
January 20, 1953
Harry and Bess Truman
Margaret
Between the years 1948 and 1952, the First Family resided at Blair House, the official guest quarters of foreign heads of state and government located near Lafayette Park, while the White House underwent a complete interior restoration.

F.D. Roosevelt
March 4, 1933
—
April 12, 1945
Franklin and Eleanor Roosevelt
Anna, James, Elliott, Franklin Jr., and John
In 1937, the President's oldest son James moved into the Executive Residence and served as an advisor and private secretary in the West Wing. At the President's request, his daughter Anna moved into the Executive Residence in 1944 to serve as an assistant to the President and as White House hostess during the First Lady's frequent absences. A fifth son, Franklin Delano Roosevelt, Jr. (III), was born on March 18, 1909 and died approximately eight months later on November 7, 1909.[3]

Hoover
March 4, 1929
—
March 4, 1933
Herbert and Lou Henry Hoover
Herbert Jr., and Allan

Coolidge
August 2, 1923
—
March 4, 1929
Calvin and Grace Coolidge
John and Calvin Jr.
The President and First Lady's younger son, Calvin Jr., died during the President's 1924 election campaign. Their son John who lived until 2000, married the daughter of Connecticut governor John H. Trumbull.

Harding
March 4, 1921
—
August 2, 1923
Warren and Florence Harding
The President never had children with his wife but had an illegitimate daughter, Elizabeth Ann Blaesing, with another woman, Nan Britton. In a previous marriage, the First Lady had a son named Marshall Eugene DeWolfe who died from complications of alcoholism and tuberculosis on January 1, 1915, at the age of 34.

Wilson
March 4, 1913
—
March 4, 1921
Woodrow Wilson and
Ellen Wilson (d.1914), Edith Wilson (m.1915)
Margaret, Jessie, and Eleanor
On November 25, 1913, the second oldest daughter Jessie married Francis Bowes Sayre at the White House. On January 17, 1915, Jessie gave birth to a son, Francis B. Sayre, Jr., at the White House. On May 7, 1914, the youngest daughter Eleanor married her father's Secretary of the Treasury, William Gibbs McAdoo. There were two First Ladies during the Wilson Administration. The President's first wife, Ellen, died at the White House on August 6, 1914 due to complications of Bright's disease. The following year, the President married his second wife, Edith. At the time of her mother's death in 1914, the oldest daughter Margaret served the role as First Lady until her father remarried in 1915.

Taft
March 4, 1909
—
March 4, 1913
William Howard and Helen Taft
Robert, Helen, and Charles II
After the First Lady suffered a stroke in 1909, daughter Helen moved into the Executive Residence and helped her mother to regain body movement and speech. The President and First Lady's daughter, Helen, also served as official hostess for many White House functions while the First Lady was disabled. The youngest son, Charles, was only 12 years old when he moved into the Executive Residence, upon his father's election as President.

T. Roosevelt
September 14, 1901
—
March 4, 1909
Theodore and Edith Roosevelt
Theodore Jr., Kermit, Ethel, Archie, and Quentin
In 1906, the President's oldest daughter, Alice Roosevelt Longworth, married Nicholas Longworth at the White House. Alice was another child from the President's previous marriage to his first wife, Alice Hathaway Lee Roosevelt, who died in 1884 due to childbirth complications and the disease known as Bright's disease. The President's fifth cousin, Franklin D. Roosevelt, would become the 32nd President of the United States in 1933.[3]

McKinley
March 4, 1897
—
September 14, 1901
William and Ida McKinley

Cleveland
March 4, 1893
—
March 4, 1897
Grover and Frances Cleveland
Ruth, Esther and Marion
Esther Cleveland was born in 1893, she was the first and only child of a president to be born in the White House.

B. Harrison
March 4, 1889
—
March 4, 1893
Benjamin and Caroline Harrison
Russell and Mary
[4]

Cleveland
March 4, 1885
—
March 4, 1889
Grover and Frances Cleveland (m.1886)
Frances Cleveland was the youngest of the first ladies. She and Cleveland married on June 2, 1886, when she was 21 years old. When she and Cleveland departed the White House, she told the staff 'take careof everything as we would like to see it just the way it is when we return, four years from today'.

Arthur
September 19, 1881
—
March 4, 1885
Chester A. Arthur
Chester II and Ellen

Garfield
March 4, 1881
—
September 19, 1881
James and Lucretia Garfield
Harry, James, Mary, Irvin, and Abram

Hayes
March 4, 1877
—
March 4, 1881
Rutherford and Lucy Hayes
Birchard, Webb, Rutherford,
Fanny, and Scott

Grant
March 4, 1869
—
March 4, 1877
Ulysses and Julia Grant
Jesse, Ulysses Jr., Nellie, and Frederick
The Grant family was the last slave holding family to live in the White House. Grant owned a slave during the Civil War but freed the slave soon after.

A. Johnson
April 15, 1865
—
March 4, 1869
Andrew and Eliza Johnson
Martha, Mary, Robert, and Andrew Jr.

Lincoln
March 4, 1861
—
April 15, 1865
Abraham and Mary Todd Lincoln
Robert Todd, Willie, and Tad
In 1862, Willie, after riding his pony in bad weather, became ill. His condition fluctuated from day to day. The most likely cause of the illness was typhoid fever, contracted from contaminated drinking water. Gradually Willie weakened. Finally on February 20, 1862, the young boy died. The President and First Lady's second son, Edward, died earlier in 1850, most likely from a wasting disease called medullary thyroid cancer as part of the genetic cancer syndrome - multiple endocrine neoplasia, type 2B - that his father and two of his brothers may have shared. In 1871, their son Tad died at the age of 18 due to tuberculosis. Of the President and First Lady's four children, only Robert lived into adulthood; he died in 1926. Throughout the President's term in office, the First Lady suffered from severe headaches. Dealing with the death of her son Willie in 1862, as well as the deaths of siblings killed in the American Civil War, difficult bouts of mourning, especially after Willie's death, led to protracted depression. During her years at the White House, the First Lady suffered a severe head injury in a carriage accident, thought to be an assassination attempt aimed at the President, who was not with her at the time. In addition to depression, the First Lady suffered from irrational, sometimes public outbursts.

Buchanan
March 4, 1857
—
March 4, 1861
James Buchanan
The President never married or had children. The President's niece, Harriet Lane, acted as First Lady and served as hostess at White House functions.

Pierce
March 4, 1853
—
March 4, 1857
Franklin and Jane Pierce
Pierce's son Benjamin was killed in a train wreck two months before Pierce's inauguration. Jane Pierce arrived at the White house months later and spent most of their tenure in her room, writing letters to her dead son.

Fillmore
July 9, 1850
—
March 4, 1853
Millard and Abigail Fillmore
Millard, and Mary
During the presidential inauguration for her husband's successor Franklin Pierce in 1853, the First Lady caught a cold and the next day came down with a fever. Abigail Fillmore developed pneumonia and died weeks later, on March 30, 1853. Throughout much of the President's term in office and due to the First Lady's illness, their daughter Mary was hostess at many White House functions from 1850 to 1853.

Taylor
March 4, 1849
—
July 9, 1850
Zachary and Margaret Taylor
Ann, Betty, and Richard
As a semi-invalid, the First Lady became a recluse and remained in seclusion on the second floor of the Executive Residence, leaving the duties of official hostess to her daughter Mary Elizabeth. They were the last family to own slaves in the White House from 1849 to 1850.

Polk
March 4, 1845
—
March 4, 1849
James and Sarah Polk
The President and First Lady never had children.

Tyler
April 4, 1841
—
March 4, 1845
John and Letitia Tyler (d.1842), Julia Tyler (m.1844)
Mary, Robert, John, Letitia, Elizabeth, Alice, and Tazewell
During the President's term in office, there were two First Ladies. In 1839, Letitia, suffered a paralytic stroke that left her an invalid. As First Lady, she remained in the upstairs living quarters of the White House only coming downstairs just once, to attend the wedding of her daughter Elizabeth in January 1842. On the evening of September 10, 1842, the First Lady died peacefully. At the time of her death, she was 51 years old, making her the youngest First Lady to die. John and Letita Tyler's children were the following: Mary Tyler-Jones, Robert Tyler (who served as the President's private secretary at the White House), John Tyler III, Letitia Tyler-Semple, Elizabeth Tyler-Waller (marrying William N. Waller at a White House wedding in 1842), Alice Tyler-Denison, and Tazewell Tyler. The second First Lady was Julia, who at age 24, married the President at the age of 54 on June 26, 1844. John and Julia's children were the following: David Gardiner Tyler, John "Alex" Alexander Tyler, Julia Gardiner Tyler-Spencer, Lachlan Gardiner Tyler, Lyon Gardiner Tyler, Robert "Fitz" Fitzwalter Tyler, and Pearl Tyler-Ellis. Two of his grandchildren are still alive.

W.H. Harrison
March 4, 1841
—
April 4, 1841
William Henry and Anna Harrison
The President and First Lady had ten children. After taking the Oath of Office in March 1841, the President died just 32 days later of complications of a cold, making William Henry Harrison's term the shortest in United States presidential history to date.[4]

Van Buren
March 4, 1837
—
March 4, 1841
Martin Van Buren and
Angelica Singleton (Daughter-in-law)
Abraham, John, Martin, and Smith
During the President's term, there was no First Lady. The President's wife died from tuberculosis much earlier in 1819. Their oldest son Abraham had a wife, Angelica Singleton Van Buren (a cousin of Dolley Madison), who assumed the duties being hostess at White House functions.

Jackson
March 4, 1829
—
March 4, 1837
Andrew Jackson
Andrew Jr., Daniel, Andrew, Andrew, Eliza, and Edward
Jackson's wife Rachel died shortly after he was elected president. Their niece, Emily Donelson and the President's daughter-in-law Sarah Yorke Jackson served at his hostess at the White house.

J.Q. Adams
March 4, 1825
—
March 4, 1829
John Quincy and Louisa Adams
George, John, and Charles Francis
The President was the oldest son of the 2nd President of the United States, John Adams and his wife, Abigail Adams. The President and First Lady's son, George led a troubled life of alcoholism, womanizing, and depression who finally succumbed to an apparent suicide during the President's final year in office in 1829. Louisa Adams was the first foreign-born First Lady.

Monroe
March 4, 1817
—
March 4, 1825
James and Elizabeth Monroe
Eliza and Maria
During the President's term in office, his oldest daughter Eliza often substituted as official White House hostess for her ailing mother, the First Lady. Appearing as a haughty and often pompous socialite, Eliza soon alienated most of Washington society for her refusal to call on wives of the diplomatic corps, as was the custom. She caused another uproar when she closed her sister's wedding to all but family and friends. The second daughter named Maria was only a child when her father was elected president. When she finished school in Philadelphia, she moved into the Executive Residence in 1819. On March 9, 1820, she married her first cousin, Samuel L. Gouverneur, in the first wedding ever performed at the White House. The President and First Lady's only son, James, died much earlier in childhood.

Madison
March 4, 1809
—
March 4, 1817
James and Dolley Madison
John
Prior to becoming First Lady and marrying the President, Dolley Madison was a widow who had two children, John Payne Todd and William Temple Todd, from a previous marriage to Quaker lawyer John Todd. Her husband and youngest son both suddenly died when yellow fever struck Philadelphia in 1793. The following year, she accepted Madison's proposal of marriage. Madison adopted her oldest son John. Perhaps Dolley Madison's most courageous act as First Lady was when she removed and saved several priceless valuables, objets d'art, china, silverware, and the famous Lansdowne portrait of George Washington painted by Gilbert Stuart prior to British Redcoats burning down the White House during the War of 1812.

Jefferson
March 4, 1801
—
March 4, 1809
Thomas Jefferson and Martha Randolph (Daughter)
Mary
There was no First Lady during the Presidency as Jefferson's former wife, Martha Wayles Skelton Jefferson, died shortly after giving birth to their sixth child in 1782. In the conspicuous absence of First Lady, James Madison's wife, Dolley Madison, often served in the capacity as a White House hostess. Out of all six children of the Jefferson's, only Martha and Mary would survive into early adulthood.

J. Adams
March 4, 1797
—
March 4, 1801
John and Abigail Adams
Nabby, John Quincy, Charles
and Thomas
The First Family during the Adams administration was the first to reside in the newly constructed White House (then known as the President's House) designed by Irish architect James Hoban. In 1797, the President appointed his oldest son, John Quincy, as Minister to Prussia. In 1800, the President and First Lady's second oldest son Charles, died due to complications of alcoholism. Following in his father's footsteps, John Quincy would eventually be elected to the Presidency in 1824 and take the oath of office the next year.

Washington
April 30, 1789
—
March 4, 1797
George and Martha Washington
Nelly and George
Since the Federal City was not completed when the President was inaugurated in 1789, the capital of the United States was first located in New York City between the years 1785 and 1790, later uprooting the Federal Government and moving it temporarily to the city of Philadelphia between the years 1790 and 1800. Because of this, the First Family never lived in the unfinished White House. Between April 1789 and February 1790, the First Family resided at the Alexander Macomb mansion at 39–41 Broadway Avenue in New York City. In Philadelphia, Robert Morris's mansion at 190 High Street was rented for the First Family to reside at. During his lifetime, the President never had children. However, he adopted the First Lady's two children, Jack and Patsy, from a previous marriage to Daniel Parke Custis. Likewise, the President also raised the First Lady's two youngest grandchildren, Nelly and George.

tag: table


document_title: Supernatural (season 13)

question_text: when does supernatural scooby doo episodes come out

text: Supernatural (season 13)

text: Cast[edit]

text: Starring[edit]

text:
Jared Padalecki as Sam Winchester
Jensen Ackles as Dean Winchester / Michael
Mark Pellegrino as Lucifer
Alexander Calvert as Jack / Nephilim
Misha Collins as Castiel

tag: ul

text: Special guest stars[edit]

text:
Loretta Devine as Missouri Moseley
Jim Beaver as Bobby Singer[7]
Felicia Day as Charlie Bradbury

text: Guest stars[edit]

text:
Samantha Smith as Mary Winchester
Ruth Connell as Rowena[8]
Osric Chau as Kevin Tran
Kim Rhodes as Sheriff Jody Mills
Briana Buckmaster as Sheriff Donna Hanscum
Kathryn Newton as Claire Novak
Katherine Ramdeen as Alex Jones
Clark Backo as Patience Turner
Yadira Guevara-Prip as Kaia Nieves
Christian Keyes as Michael
Keith Szarabajka as Donatello Redfield
Courtney Ford as Kelly Kline
Jeffrey Vincent Parise as Asmodeus
Lisa Berry as Billie / Death
David Haydn-Jones as Arthur Ketch
Danneel Ackles as Sister Jo / Anael[9]
Brendan Taylor as Doug Stover
Richard Speight Jr. as Gabriel / Loki
Chad Rook as Zachariah
Erica Cerra as Dumah
Amanda Tapping as Naomi
Katherine Evans as Maggie

text: Episodes[edit]

text:
No.
overall
No. in
season
Title
Directed by
Written by
Original air date
Prod.
code
U.S. viewers
(millions)

265
1
"Lost and Found"
Phil Sgriccia
Andrew Dabb
October 12, 2017 (2017-10-12)
T13.20551
2.10[10]

Lucifer's son Jack seems unsure of himself and the world. Dean tries to shoot him and he knocks out both Winchesters with a sonic scream, leaving to search for his father. He ends up at a local police station and seems mostly innocent but is unsure of, and unable to control, his power. Sam and Dean follow; Dean insists on killing him but Sam sees Jack as just a child. While Dean explains what Jack is to a local officer, Jack explains he learned English from his mother and grew up quickly because she told him the world was dangerous; she also said that Castiel was the father who would protect him. Three angels show up wanting to use Jack's almost limitless power for themselves. The Winchesters banish two of them and kill the third; Jack is stabbed in the heart in the process but is unharmed by the blade. Dean agrees to take him to the bunker, but only until they can find a way to kill him. They are on their own with Chuck not answering prayers. They give Castiel and Kelly a hunter's funeral, also saying goodbye to Crowley and Mary whom they assume Lucifer killed. In the alternate world, Lucifer keeps Mary alive because he needs her for something.

266
2
"The Rising Son"
Thomas J. Wright
Eugenie Ross-Leming & Brad Buckner
October 19, 2017 (2017-10-19)
T13.20552
1.90[11]

On the way back to the bunker, the Winchesters and Jack stop at a hotel and are met by Donatello the prophet. Amara ate his soul, but he has been mentally making the moral choice ever since, and he was drawn to Jack's power. Jack reads the Bible to learn more about himself and his family. Realizing he'll need more protection, the Winchesters try to get him warding tattoos, but he reflexively attacks the tattoo artist for hurting him and his body heals the ink away. Dean takes this as proof that Jack will turn evil, while Sam thinks it's because he lacks control. Meanwhile, the final Prince of Hell, Asmodeus, takes charge of Hell until Lucifer returns, disguising himself as Donatello to trick Jack into freeing the Shedim — Hell's darkest creatures — to be a hero. The brothers and the real Donatello appear, and when Asmodeus hurts them, a flicker of Jack's power makes him flee. At the bunker, Dean admits to Jack that he will kill him if he turns bad. In the alternate world, Lucifer protects Mary, intending to trade her for Jack when they get home. They meet an alternate version of Michael, who killed his world's Lucifer. Michael is the stronger of the two, and keeps this Lucifer alive because he needs him for something.

267
3
"Patience"
Robert Singer
Robert Berens
October 26, 2017 (2017-10-26)
T13.20553
1.93[12]

Missouri Mosley (from Season 1's "Home") calls the Winchesters because a wraith with a taste for psychics is about to go after her family. Dean and Jody go to protect her son James and granddaughter Patience, who is unaware she has inherited Missouri's gift. The wraith reappears and kills Missouri, as she knew it would. James reveals he cut his mother out of his life many years ago, as he grew up fearing she would get killed and also because he couldn't forgive her after his wife Tess died after becoming sick despite Missouri saying she would be fine. The wraith attacks Patience at school and later kidnaps her from home intending to feed on her slowly. In a vision, Patience sees the wraith kill her father, Jody and Dean. She warns them and Dean kills the wraith. James and Dean think Patience should live a normal life, but Jody says it is Patience's choice and that her door is open if she needs help. Meanwhile, Sam tries to train Jack because he reminds him of his own days addicted to demon blood. Jack makes no progress, which he takes as a sign he will be evil, since his powers only work negatively. While the brothers argue over him, Jack says Castiel's name; Castiel hears this and wakes up in a void of nothingness.

268
4
"The Big Empty"
John Badham
Meredith Glynn
November 2, 2017 (2017-11-02)
T13.20554
1.82[13]

A man is killed by his dead wife. Taking the case, Sam convinces Dean to let Jack join them; also having convinced Jack to help save Mary if he can master his powers. There are no signs of a ghost or revenant. A woman is then killed by her dead son. Both victims shared a grief therapist Mia, whom the guys question pretending to be three brothers that lost their mother. Sam and Dean get into an argument about Mary; and Sam discovers Mia is a shapeshifter. Mia says she only helps people by pretending to be their loved ones to give closure, and the killer must be her ex boyfriend and fellow shapeshifter, Buddy. While Sam goes to Buddy's address, Buddy actually sneaks into Mia's office and knocks out Dean and Jack. When Mia refuses to kill them, Buddy prepares to shoot Sam when he walks into the room. Jack is able to use his powers to deflect the bullet away from Sam and throw Buddy into the wall, allowing Sam to kill him. Mia in Kelly's form tells Jack that even monsters can do good. At the bunker Dean gives Jack some approval; and wants Sam to keep believing Mary is alive, admitting that he no longer seems to believe in anything anymore. Meanwhile, Castiel is in The Empty, a place predating even God and Amara, where all angels and demons sleep forever after they die. Castiel is the first in eternity to wake up. The entity there takes Castiel's form and taunts him to go back to sleep as the entity hates being awake itself. Castiel refuses, forcing the entity to send him back to Earth.

269
5
"Advanced Thanatology"
John Showalter
Steve Yockey
November 9, 2017 (2017-11-09)
T13.20555
1.71[14]

Two teenagers explore an abandoned asylum and one of them is killed. The survivor, Shawn, is left unable to speak from trauma and taking a medical mask with him. The brothers take the case and Dean insists he will be fine but clearly isn't. Dean is unable to get Shawn to talk. Sam discovers the asylum's doctor used to lobotomize his patients and the next day Shawn disappears. At the asylum Dean burns the masks destroying the doctor but the place is still haunted; Dean kills himself to find out where the patients bodies are. Shawn was possessed to go back there through the mask and the doctor made him kill himself. A Reaper reports that Dean is in The Veil and the new Death comes to see him: Billie. As the first Reaper to die after Dean killed the old Death she took the job, wanting information on how the hole to the other universe ripped open. She sees the Winchesters as important to the universe with work to do; letting the ghosts move on and sending Dean back, stating his choices decide how he dies. Dean admits to Sam he needs a victory, and they are reunited with Castiel.

270
6
"Tombstone"
Nina Lopez-Corrado
Davy Perez
November 16, 2017 (2017-11-16)
T13.20556
1.89[15]

After meeting Castiel, Jack finds a case in Dodge City, Kansas. Dean loves all Western scene material. A local deputy is killed and his Uncle Joe, another officer, swears revenge. Questioning the local undertaker, Athena, Sam realizes they are dealing with a ghoul, whom Dean recognizes as wearing the face of the famous outlaw Dave Mather. Dave robs a bank so Athena can afford to go to school in California, she has no idea what Dave really is. The brothers, Castiel and Jack get into a shootout with Dave; Jack blasts him with power but accidentally kills a bank security guard, while Dave escapes. Castiel cannot heal the guard. As the others take Jack back, Dean and Joe investigate the local graveyard where Dave has captured Athena. Dean distracts him so Joe can shoot his head off. Dean has Joe blame the guard's death on Dave. At the bunker, despite the other three saying it was a mistake, a withdrawn Jack believes he is a monster and will end up hurting the others so he must leave; knocking them back and teleporting away.

271
7
"War of the Worlds"
Richard Speight, Jr.
Eugenie Ross-Leming & Brad Buckner
November 23, 2017 (2017-11-23)
T13.20557
1.24[16]

Castiel informs Sam and Dean that he has a meeting with an angel about Jack but says he needs to go alone. Asmodeus is unable to sense Jack, and is told that the Winchesters no longer have him. In the alternate world, Michael takes most of Lucifer's grace, using his Kevin Tran to create a portal for Lucifer's earth. Instead, Lucifer escapes and the portal closes. Lucifer arrives back in the correct time, but is greatly weakened. Meanwhile the brothers notice witches being killed. Talking to a survivor, they discover the killer is searching for Rowena and looks like Arthur Ketch. Capturing him, he claims to be Arthur's twin brother, Alexander, who turned his back on the British Men of Letters. Sam finds records of Alexander but Dean is skeptical. Castiel meets with the angel Dumah and is told the angels' population is very low and they intend to force Jack to create more angels when they find him. The angels try to capture Castiel, but Lucifer is able to scare them off. He tries to convince Castiel about the urgent threat of the other Michael, saying they need Jack's power, and he decides not to tell the Winchesters. Asmodeus then appears, deciding he is the ruler of hell, capturing them both. Tracking Castiel, the brothers are attacked by demons but are helped by Alexander; who finally admits he is Arthur. He tells them Rowena gave him a spell to cheat death in exchange for allowing her to escape after being captured by the British Men of Letters some years back, but it needs a recharge so he must find her, insinuating she survived. Dean attacks but Arthur escapes. Asmodeus locks up Lucifer and Castiel and tricks the Winchesters into thinking everything is fine; having worked with Arthur all along.

272
8
"The Scorpion and the Frog"
Robert Singer
Meredith Glynn
November 30, 2017 (2017-11-30)
T13.20558
1.73[17]

After stealing a Nephilim tracking spell from a British museum, the Crossroad Demon Barthamus offers to trade it to the Winchesters to find Jack. In exchange, Barthamus requests the Winchesters aid his minions Smash and Grab in stealing a trunk from a man named Luther Shrike. Luther has Barthamus' trunk in a vault that only Dean can open due to his previous time in Hell. The Winchesters reluctantly agree to the deal and perform a raid on Luther's property. During the raid, Luther realizes the truth and kills Grab, a demon, before being captured by the Winchesters. With the help of Smash, who is a girl named Alice who once made a deal with Barthamus and is now forced to work for him, the Winchesters are able to retrieve the trunk. To their shock, the Winchesters learn that Luther is a man who once made a deal with Barthamus to save his son only to be double-crossed. The trunk contains Barthamus' human bones, leverage with which Luther can force Barthamus to leave him alone. Barthamus kills Luther, but the Winchesters reject his deal due to Barthamus' actions. Alice kills Barthamus by burning his bones, but the spell is destroyed with him. Despite this, the Winchesters are content with how things turned out as they managed to free Alice from her deal to live a normal life and stopped Barthamus.

273
9
"The Bad Place"
Phil Sgriccia
Robert Berens
December 7, 2017 (2017-12-07)
T13.20559
1.74[18]

Jack approaches a dreamwalker named Derek Swan in order to look into the alternate reality where Mary Winchester and Lucifer were trapped. Shortly afterwards, the Winchesters learn from Sheriff Jody Mills that Derek is dead and Jack is apparently responsible. The Winchesters track down Jack shortly after he helps dreamwalker Kaia Nieves escape from a drug rehabilitation facility. Jack is revealed to be innocent in Derek's death. He reveals that he has been attempting to rescue Mary from the alternate reality, but he needs a dreamwalker in order to see the world so that he can open a portal. The Winchesters and Jack rescue Kaia from angels looking for Jack to help them repopulate their species and Dean holds Kaia at gunpoint, forcing her to help them rescue Mary. Under attack by angels, Kaia and Jack combine their powers to open a portal, disintegrating the angels at the same time. Due to Kaia's visions of another reality populated by monsters that she calls the Bad Place, the Winchesters end up in the Bad Place instead while Kaia is deposited on the side of the road and Jack finds Mary. At the same time, Patience Turner has visions of the Winchesters and Jody Mills in great danger. Against her father's wishes, Patience leaves to help and warns Jody that something terrible is coming.

274
10
"Wayward Sisters"
Phil Sgriccia
Robert Berens & Andrew Dabb
January 18, 2018 (2018-01-18)
T13.20560
1.85[19]

After completing a werewolf hunt, Claire Novak gets a call from Jody Mills that the Winchesters are missing and returns to Sioux Falls. At the same time, the Winchesters remain trapped in the Bad Place where they are ambushed by a hooded figure that apparently intends to feed them to a giant monster. Working together, Jody, Alex and Claire attempt to locate and rescue the Winchesters. They are joined by Patience Turner who warns of a vision where Claire dies. The group locates dreamwalker Kaia Nieves, but come under attack by monsters from the Bad Place, making them realize that the rift to the Bad Place is still open. With the help of Kaia and Sheriff Donna Hanscum, Jody's family locates the rift. As Claire and Kaia travel to the Bad Place to rescue the Winchesters, Jody, Alex, Patience and Donna work together to kill several attacking monsters. Claire and Kaia succeed in rescuing the Winchesters before the rift closes, but Kaia is killed by the hooded figure, the true unexpected outcome of Patience's vision. In the aftermath, Sam warns Jody that more monsters may have made it through the rift in the time that it was open and Claire mourns Kaia's death. As Claire sits down to eat dinner with her family and swears revenge on Kaia's killer, another rift opens and the hooded figure emerges. The hooded figure is revealed to be an alternate reality version of Kaia.

275
11
"Breakdown"
Amyn Kaderali
Davy Perez
January 25, 2018 (2018-01-25)
T13.20561
1.93[20]

In Oshkosh, Nebraska, Donna Hanscum's niece Wendy is kidnapped. Desperate, Donna contacts the Winchesters for help despite the fact that it appears that they are dealing with a human villain rather than a monster. The Winchesters agree to help Donna and team up with Donna, her boyfriend Officer Doug Stover and Agent Clegg of the FBI. Clegg identifies the villain as the Butterfly, a serial abductor operating in the area for the past twelve years. With the help of a trucker, Dean identifies a gas station clerk Marlon as a participant in the abduction. Marlon reveals that the kidnapped victims are butchered and their parts sold online to monsters by the Butterfly. Clegg is revealed to be the Butterfly and kidnaps Sam in order to sell off his parts to monsters. Marlon is revealed to be a vampire and turns Doug into one as well. Dean and Donna are able to use Marlon's blood to cure Doug and force Marlon to give up Clegg's location before killing him. Donna rescues Wendy and kills Clegg's accomplice while Dean kills Clegg in time to save Sam's life. In the aftermath, Doug is terrified by the discovery of the world of monsters and breaks up with Donna. Sam displays a bleak outlook on life, believing that the Winchesters and anyone they get close to will suffer a terrible end.

276
12
"Various & Sundry Villains"
Amanda Tapping
Steve Yockey
February 1, 2018 (2018-02-01)
T13.20562
1.68[21]

Dean falls under a love spell cast by Jaime Plum, a witch working with her sister Jennie to steal the Black Grimoire, the spell book the Winchesters took from the Loughlin Family. Though the Plums succeed in stealing the book, Rowena unexpectedly shows up to help despite having been believed dead for months. Rowena reveals that she was resurrected again by the precautionary spell she put in place, but took a very long time to recover from her death. Rowena is seeking the Black Grimoire as it contains a ritual that will allow her to remove the magical binding placed upon her by the Grand Coven and regain her full powers. Privately, Rowena admits to Sam that she saw Lucifer's true face and she is terrified of his inevitable return. After stealing the Black Grimorie, the Plums attempt to use it to resurrect their deceased mother, but only succeed in bringing her back as a zombie. Together the Winchesters and Rowena defeat the Plums and recover the Black Grimoire. Though the Winchesters keep the book, a sympathetic Sam allows Rowena to take the page with the ritual she needs and Rowena is able to restore her full powers. At the same time, Castiel and Lucifer form an alliance to escape Asmodeus' custody. Though they succeed, Castiel refuses to trust Lucifer or give up some of his grace to him. Castiel attacks Lucifer with an angel blade, causing him harm in his weakened state.

277
13
"Devil's Bargain"
Eduardo Sánchez
Eugenie Ross-Leming & Brad Buckner
February 8, 2018 (2018-02-08)
T13.20563
1.81[22]

Following his confrontation with Lucifer, a wounded Castiel makes his way back to the Winchesters and informs them of everything that has happened including Lucifer's return. The Winchesters realize that the demon tablet could potentially contain the spell the alternate Kevin Tran used to reopen the rift and set Prophet Donatello Redfield to work on translating it. Learning of Donatello's work, Asmodeus places Donatello under his control with an order to let him know once the spell is translated. With Lucifer becoming more human, he begins draining other angels' graces in an effort to restore his own. Along the way, Lucifer meets the angel Anael, disguised as a faith healer named Sister Jo. Lucifer and Anael form a connection while the Winchesters and Arthur Ketch, working for Asmodeus, hunt for Lucifer. Lucifer and Anael are able to avoid an attempt to kill them by Arthur. Lucifer, with a promise to help make new angels and to restore the living angels wings, becomes the ruler of Heaven again with Anael at his side. Following Lucifer's escape, Arthur proposes an alliance between himself and the Winchesters to defeat Lucifer and Michael's upcoming invasion, revealing his work for Asmodeus in the process. The Winchesters reluctantly concede that they need Arthur for now and are unaware of Donatello being under the control of Asmodeus as he translates the spell. When Arthur reports his failure to Asmodeus, Asmodeus reveals that he has acquired an Archangel Blade, the one weapon that can kill Lucifer. As well, Asmodeus has prisoner the Archangel Gabriel who has been believed dead for nearly eight years.

278
14
"Good Intentions"
P. J. Pesce
Meredith Glynn
March 1, 2018 (2018-03-01)
T13.20564
1.61[23]

While reading the demon tablet, Prophet Donatello Redfield, due to his soulless state, becomes corrupted by its power. As a result, he gives the Winchesters and Castiel what he claims is the ingredients before attacking Sam who manages to subdue him. Donatello sends Dean and Castiel after Gog and Magog in an attempt to kill them, but the attempt fails. With Donatello refusing to help, Castiel forcefully strips the information from his mind, leaving Donatello brain dead. Castiel justifies that they are fighting a war for their very survival and reveals that they need the grace of an archangel, a fruit from the Tree of Life, the seal of Solomon and the blood of a most holy man. In the Apocalypse World, Zachariah (Chad Rook) tries and fails to trick Jack into helping the angels. Working together, Jack and Mary escape Michael's fortress and are taken by Bobby Singer (Jim Beaver) to one of the few human colonies left. Bobby reveals to Mary the history of Apocalypse World and the war of extermination the angels are waging, causing Mary to realize that her own alternate self created this world by not making the deal with Azazel and having Sam and Dean. Jack is ordered exiled once his true nature is discovered, but Zachariah leads an attack on the colony before he can leave. Jack kills Zachariah and helps repel the attack on the colony, earning him acceptance. Having grown to care for the humans of Apocalypse World, Jack decides to kill Michael in order to end his war of extermination and save what's left of the human race.

279
15
"A Most Holy Man"
Amanda Tapping
Andrew Dabb & Robert Singer
March 8, 2018 (2018-03-08)
T13.20565
1.66[24]

The Winchesters realize that the blood of a most holy man likely refers to a saint and set out to find someone who has saint blood. Through a black market dealer named Margaret Astor, the Winchesters are directed to a man named Richard Greenstreet who claims to have saint's blood. Greenstreet offers to give the Winchesters the blood of Saint Ignatius if they get him the skull of Saint Peter which has recently been stolen from a monastery in Malta by a man working for Seattle mob boss Santino Scarpatti. After discovering the thief murdered, the Winchesters are apprehended by Scarpatti's henchmen and Scarpatti offers a deal where he will pay them a handsome finder's fee that they can buy the blood with if they get him the skull. Complicating matters, the Winchesters meet Father Luca Camilleri, a priest from Malta seeking the skull for altruistic reasons. The Winchesters choose to help Luca and discover that Margaret Astor had murdered the thief to auction the skull off to everyone interested. Sam joins the auction, but Greenstreet instigates a gunfight that kills Margaret, Scarpatti and their henchmen. During the fight, Luca saves Dean's life and the Winchesters learn that Greenstreet lied about having the saint's blood. Greenstreet is arrested while Luca returns home with the skull. Before Luca leaves, Sam learns that he is an apostolic protonotary supernumery, a title given by the Pope for doing good works. As a result, Luca was declared "a most holy man" by the Pope and at the Winchesters' request, gives them his blood. Afterwards, Dean displays faith for the first time that they will succeed.

280
16
"Scoobynatural"
Robert Singer
Jim Krieg & Jeremy Adams
March 29, 2018 (2018-03-29)
T13.20566
2.03[25]

After stopping a plushie that comes to life in a pawn shop and attacks, the grateful owner gives Dean a new TV for free. While testing out the TV, the Winchesters are sucked into Dean's favorite episode of Scooby-Doo, Where Are You! followed soon after by Castiel. To the group's shock, they discover an actual ghost that begins killing people and the Winchesters and the Scooby Gang are forced to team up together to stop it. Working together, the Winchesters and the Scooby Gang trap the ghost who reveals himself to be a young boy who a greedy real estate developer in the real world is using to scare away reluctant shop owners. The ghost helps the Winchesters and Castiel fool the Scooby Gang into thinking that it was a human villain before returning the Winchesters and Castiel to the real world. There, the three put the ghost to rest and get the criminal arrested for tax evasion. Before getting sucked into Scooby-Doo, Castiel is shown to have gotten the fruit from the Tree of Life, bringing the Winchesters one step closer to their goal of opening a portal to Apocalypse World.

This episode is a crossover with Scooby-Doo.

281
17
"The Thing"
John Showalter
Davy Perez
April 5, 2018 (2018-04-05)
T13.20567
1.41[26]

Having gotten two of the needed ingredients to open a portal to Apocalypse World, the Winchesters search through the Men of Letters archive for clues on the Seal of Solomon. Finally, Dean discovers records showing that the Men of Letters found King Solomon's treasure in Israel in 1917, including the Seal, and stored it in their Portsmouth, Rhode Island chapter house. The Winchesters are able to locate the chapter house and find a young woman inside named Sandy Porter that has been trapped since 1925 and hasn't aged at all. Following an attack by a mysterious group, Sam learns that in 1925, a rogue Man of Letters named Diego Avila opened a rift into another dimension and brought forth the god Yokoth to cleanse the Earth. Sandy is in fact Yokoth who intends to bring her mate to Earth in Dean's body while the group that attacked are Men of Letters legacies who have been keeping Yokoth trapped. With the help of Diego's great-grandchildren, the Winchesters banish Yokoth back to her dimension and get the Seal of Solomon. At the same time, Arthur Ketch discovers Asmodeus using Gabriel's grace to power up. Asmodeus recognizes that Arthur seeks redemption and brutally beats him. In retaliation, Arthur rescues Gabriel and steals the archangel blade, bringing both to the Winchesters. Now having all the ingredients they need, the Winchesters open a door to Apocalypse World that will last twenty-four hours and Dean and Arthur pass through to finally rescue Jack and Mary.

282
18
"Bring 'em Back Alive"
Amyn Kaderali
Brad Buckner & Eugenie Ross-Leming
April 12, 2018 (2018-04-12)
T13.20568
1.53[27]

In Apocalypse World, Dean reluctantly works with Arthur Ketch to find Mary and Jack. To Dean's shock, he witnesses a group of angels holding the alternate reality version of his old friend Charlie Bradbury captive. Against Arthur's wishes, Dean launches a rescue mission for Charlie. Dean reveals that he still holds guilt over his Charlie's murder and Arthur agrees to help him. Together, the two men liberate Charlie who reveals that Mary and Jack are leading a resistance against Michael. Out of time before the rift closes, Dean returns to his Earth while Arthur remains behind in Apocalypse World to aid the resistance and coordinate for Dean's inevitable return with reinforcements. At the same time, Sam and Castiel attempt to help Gabriel, learning that he faked his death when Lucifer "killed" him in order to escape all responsibility again. Asmodeus eventually locates Gabriel and leads an attack on the bunker to recapture him. However, Gabriel recovers and kills Asmodeus. Gabriel chooses to abscond from his responsibility once again and departs, leaving the Winchesters without Gabriel's power to fight Michael or his grace to reopen the door to Apocalypse World. At the same time, Lucifer struggles in his new role as the ruler of Heaven, ultimately alienating Anael with his behavior.

283
19
"Funeralia"
Nina Lopez-Corrado
Steve Yockey
April 19, 2018 (2018-04-19)
T13.20569
1.38[28]

In an effort to find Gabriel, Castiel visits Heaven to gain the help of the angels. To Castiel's shock, he is greeted by Naomi who has been believed dead since the fall of the angels nearly five years earlier. Naomi reveals she survived, but her injuries were such that she faked her death and has required years to recover. With Heaven experiencing power fluctuations, Naomi explains that there are now less than a dozen angels left, Naomi and Castiel included. Heaven will soon crumble and release its souls upon the Earth while the angels will burn out if Gabriel, their only chance, is not found and brought back to Heaven. After Castiel leaves, Naomi seals the portal until the situation is resolved. At the same time, the Winchesters learn that Rowena is using her new powers to kill both humans and Reapers and alter fate. Rowena is revealed to be trying to force Billie to bring back Crowley due to her remorse over the life he was forced to lead when she abandoned him. Rowena proves unable to kill Sam and weakens her power in a futile attack on Billie who offers sympathy, but won't bring Crowley back. The Winchesters become convinced that Rowena may be able to find redemption for her actions and she agrees to join them. Its also revealed that when Rowena permanently dies, Sam will be the one to kill her as dictated by fate.

284
20
"Unfinished Business"
Richard Speight, Jr.
Meredith Glynn
April 26, 2018 (2018-04-26)
T13.20570
1.51[29]

In Apocalypse World, Mary and Jack's resistance has had a string of victories against Michael and his angels, causing Jack to become overconfident in his abilities. The two receive the unexpected news that Michael's fortress has been cleared out and while searching it with a few resistance fighters, discover Kevin Tran in the dungeon. Kevin reveals that he has perfected the spell from the angel tablet to open the rift between the worlds and Michael is preparing to use it to lead an army to the Winchesters world. Kevin reveals that he has been left behind as a trap by Michael and kills himself in an explosion that kills all but Jack and Mary, leaving Jack dispirited as Michael wanted. At the same time, Gabriel is seriously injured while killing the Norse god Fenrir. Gabriel, low on power, asks the Winchesters for help with getting revenge against Loki who, along with his sons Fenrir, Narfi and Sleipnir, had sold Gabriel to Asmodeus when Gabriel sought their help. With the help of the Winchesters, Gabriel kills Narfi and Sleipnir before facing off with Loki who is revealed to have made a deal with Gabriel for Gabriel to assume his identity in exchange for Gabriel leaving Loki's family out of the angels' conflict. Loki is furious because Lucifer killed Odin years earlier and he blames Gabriel for the death of his father. Gabriel kills Loki and agrees to help the Winchesters against Michael. While the Winchesters only have to wait for Gabriel's grace to recharge to open the portal again, Dean is revealed to have been overprotecting Sam out of fear of losing him again, causing Sam to confront Dean.

285
21
"Beat the Devil"
Phil Sgriccia
Robert Berens
May 3, 2018 (2018-05-03)
T13.20571
1.39[30]

With Gabriel unable to supply the needed grace to open a rift to Apocalypse World, Sam decides to capture Lucifer and use his grace as a continuous power source to keep the rift open. Working together, Gabriel and Rowena succeed in capturing Lucifer and the Winchesters, Castiel and Gabriel travel through the rift to Apocalypse World. However, after learning that his son is in Apocalypse World, Lucifer eventually breaks free and travels through the rift, leaving Rowena to scramble to find a way to keep it open without Lucifer to power it. In Apocalypse World, the Winchesters rescue two refugees from bestial vampires and learn that the only way to Mary and Jack's camp is through a tunnel full of the creatures. Though Dean, Castiel, Gabriel, and one of the refugees, Maggie, make it, Sam is killed by the vampires in the process. A grief-stricken Dean, Castiel and Gabriel are finally reunited with Mary and Jack in their camp in the ruins of Dayton, Ohio while Sam is unexpectedly resurrected by a recharged Lucifer. Lucifer requests Sam's help in building a relationship with Jack and insists that they need his help to defeat Michael. Sam reluctantly leads Lucifer to the camp where Lucifer meets his son for the first time.

286
22
"Exodus"
Thomas J. Wright
Eugenie Ross-Leming & Brad Buckner
May 10, 2018 (2018-05-10)
T13.20572
1.30[31]

Despite the objections of the Winchesters, Jack agrees to hear Lucifer out and is fascinated by Lucifer, forming a bond with him. With Mary unwilling to abandon the people she has come to care about and only thirty-one hours left, Sam and Dean suggest evacuating the people through the rift to their world until they can come up with a plan to defeat Michael once and for all. After a vote, the resistance all agree to evacuate, including Bobby Singer. However, Arthur Ketch and Charlie Bradbury fall into an angel trap and are captured before the exodus can begin. As the angels bring in an evil Castiel to torture them for information, the Winchesters, Jack and Castiel launch a rescue mission. They succeed in rescuing the two and Castiel kills his evil counterpart. As Rowena struggles to hold the rift open, everyone begins passing through it, only for Michael to arrive. Michael kills Gabriel when he tries to hold Michael off and Sam purposefully strands Lucifer on Apocalypse World. As everyone celebrates in the bunker, Lucifer and Michael form an alliance to reopen the rift and conquer the world.

287
23
"Let the Good Times Roll"
Robert Singer
Andrew Dabb
May 17, 2018 (2018-05-17)
T13.20573
1.63[32]

As the refugees from Apocalypse World start to settle in and the Winchesters resume hunting alongside Jack and Castiel, one of the Apocalypse World refugees, Maggie, turns up dead. Shortly afterwards, Jack is greeted by Lucifer who entices his son into leaving the Earth to find a new life out amongst the stars. Jack gets Lucifer to resurrect Maggie who later identifies Lucifer as her killer. At the same time, Michael appears to attack the Winchesters and Castiel who barely escape. With the bunker under attack, Mary and Bobby Singer flee as Sam prays to Jack for help. Jack severely injures Michael before Lucifer's actions are revealed. Only wanting his son's power, Lucifer steals Jack's grace, leaving Jack human before teleporting to a church with Jack and Sam. With Lucifer now virtually unstoppable, Dean makes a deal with Michael where he will become Michael's vessel to fight Lucifer but Dean will remain in control. Powered by Michael, Dean fights Lucifer, ending with Dean finally killing Lucifer with the Archangel Blade. With Lucifer dead, the Winchesters and Jack celebrate only to have Michael betray his deal, take full control of Dean and depart.

text: Production[edit]

text: Supernatural was renewed for a thirteenth season by The CW on January 8, 2017.[33] This season is the first season not to feature Mark Sheppard as Crowley since his introduction in season 5, as the actor announced in May 2017 he would not be returning after his character was killed off for the last time.[34] Alexander Calvert, who was introduced as Jack in the twelfth season finale, was promoted to series regular for this season.[35]

text: Reception[edit]

text: The review aggregator website Rotten Tomatoes reports a 100% approval rating for Supernatural's thirteenth season, with an average rating of 7.87/10 based on 6 reviews.[36]

text: Ratings[edit]

text:
No.
Title
Air date
Rating/share
(18–49)
Viewers
(millions)
DVR
(18–49)
DVR viewers
(millions)
Total
(18–49)
Total viewers
(millions)

1
"Lost and Found"
October 12, 2017
0.7/3
2.10[10]
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A

2
"The Rising Son"
October 19, 2017
0.7/3
1.90[11]
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A

3
"Patience"
October 26, 2017
0.6/2
1.93[12]
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A

4
"The Big Empty"
November 2, 2017
0.6/2
1.82[13]
0.5
N/A
1.1[37]
N/A

5
"Advanced Thanatology"
November 9, 2017
0.6/2
1.71[14]
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A

6
"Tombstone"
November 16, 2017
0.7/3
1.89[15]
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A

7
"War of the Worlds"
November 23, 2017
0.3/1
1.24[16]
0.5
1.21
0.8
2.45[38]

8
"The Scorpion and the Frog"
November 30, 2017
0.6/2
1.73[17]
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A

9
"The Bad Place"
December 7, 2017
0.6/2
1.74[18]
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A

10
"Wayward Sisters"
January 18, 2018
0.6/2
1.85[19]
0.4
N/A
1.0[39]
N/A

11
"Breakdown"
January 25, 2018
0.6/2
1.93[20]
0.5
1.10
1.1
3.03[40]

12
"Various & Sundry Villains"
February 1, 2018
0.6/2
1.68[21]
0.4
0.94
1.0
2.62[41]

13
"Devil's Bargain"
February 8, 2018
0.6/2
1.81[22]
0.4
1.08
1.0
2.89[42]

14
"Good Intentions"
March 1, 2018
0.6/2
1.61[23]
N/A
0.97
N/A
2.59[43]

15
"A Most Holy Man"
March 8, 2018
0.5/2
1.66[24]
0.4
1.05
0.9
2.73[44]

16
"Scoobynatural"
March 29, 2018
0.7/3
2.03[25]
0.6
1.32
1.3
3.36[45]

17
"The Thing"
April 5, 2018
0.4/2
1.41[26]
0.4
0.97
0.8
2.41[46]

18
"Bring 'em Back Alive"
April 12, 2018
0.5/2
1.53[27]
0.4
0.98
0.9
2.51[47]

19
"Funeralia"
April 19, 2018
0.5/2
1.38[28]
0.4
0.95
0.9
2.36[48]

20
"Unfinished Business"
April 26, 2018
0.5/2
1.51[29]
0.4
0.99
0.9
2.49[49]

21
"Beat the Devil"
May 3, 2018
0.4/2
1.39[30]
TBD
TBD
TBD
TBD

22
"Exodus"
May 10, 2018
0.4/2
1.30[31]
TBD
TBD
TBD
TBD

23
"Let the Good Times Roll"
May 17, 2018
0.5/2
1.63[32]
TBD
TBD
TBD
TBD


document_title: Deucalion

question_text: who is the son of deucalion and pyrrha

question_tokens: who is the son of deucalion and pyrrha

text: Deucalion

text: Etymology[edit]

text: According to folk etymology, Deucalion's name comes from δεῦκος, deukos, a variant of γλεῦκος, gleucos, i.e. "sweet new wine, must, sweetness"[2][3] and ἁλιεύς, haliéus, i.e. "sailor, seaman, fisher".[4] His wife Pyrrha's name is derived from the adjective πυρρός, -ά, -όν, pyrrhós, -á, -ón, i.e. "flame-colored, orange".[5]

text: In ancient Greek mythography[edit]

text: Family[edit]

text: Of Deucalion's birth, the Argonautica (from the 3rd century BC) states:

text: There [in Achaea, i.e. Greece] is a land encircled by lofty mountains, rich in sheep and in pasture, where Prometheus, son of Iapetus, begat goodly Deucalion, who first founded cities and reared temples to the immortal gods, and first ruled over men. This land the neighbours who dwell around call Haemonia [i.e. Thessaly].

text: Deucalion and Pyrrha had at least two children, Hellen and Protogenea, and possibly a third, Amphictyon (who is autochthonous in other traditions).

text: Their children as apparently named in one of the oldest texts, Catalogue of Women, include daughters Pandora and Thyia, and at least one son, Hellen.[6] Their descendants were said to have dwelt in Thessaly. One corrupt fragment might make Deucalion the son of Prometheus and Pronoea.[7]

text: Deluge accounts[edit]

text: The flood in the time of Deucalion was caused by the anger of Zeus, ignited by the hubris of the Pelasgians. So Zeus decided to put an end to the Bronze Age. According to this story, Lycaon, the king of Arcadia, had sacrificed a boy to Zeus, who was appalled by this savage offering. Zeus unleashed a deluge, so that the rivers ran in torrents and the sea flooded the coastal plain, engulfed the foothills with spray, and washed everything clean. Deucalion, with the aid of his father Prometheus, was saved from this deluge by building a chest.[8] Like the Biblical Noah and the Mesopotamian counterpart Utnapishtim, he uses his device to survive the deluge with his wife, Pyrrha.

text: The fullest accounts are provided in Ovid's Metamorphoses (8 AD) and in the Library of Pseudo-Apollodorus.[9] Deucalion, who reigned over the region of Phthia, had been forewarned of the flood by his father, Prometheus. Deucalion was to build a chest and provision it carefully (no animals are rescued in this version of the Flood myth), so that when the waters receded after nine days, he and his wife Pyrrha, daughter of Epimetheus, were the one surviving pair of humans. Their chest touched solid ground on Mount Parnassus,[10] or Mount Etna in Sicily,[11] or Mount Athos in Chalkidiki,[12] or Mount Othrys in Thessaly.[13]

text: Hyginus mentions the opinion of a Hegesianax that Deucalion is to be identified with Aquarius, "because during his reign such quantities of water poured from the sky that the great Flood resulted."

text: Once the deluge was over and the couple had given thanks to Zeus, Deucalion (said in several of the sources to have been aged 82 at the time) consulted an oracle of Themis about how to repopulate the earth. He was told to "cover your head and throw the bones of your mother behind your shoulder". Deucalion and Pyrrha understood that "mother" is Gaia, the mother of all living things, and the "bones" to be rocks. They threw the rocks behind their shoulders and the stones formed people. Pyrrha's became women; Deucalion's became men.

text: The 2nd-century writer Lucian gave an account of the Greek Deucalion in De Dea Syria that seems to refer more to the Near Eastern flood legends: in his version, Deucalion (whom he also calls Sisythus)[14] took his children, their wives, and pairs of animals with him on the ark, and later built a great temple in Manbij (northern Syria), on the site of the chasm that received all the waters; he further describes how pilgrims brought vessels of sea water to this place twice a year, from as far as Arabia and Mesopotamia, to commemorate this event.[citation needed]

text: Variant stories[edit]

text: On the other hand, Dionysius of Halicarnassus stated his parents to be Prometheus and Clymene, daughter of Oceanus and mentions nothing about a flood, but instead names him as commander of those from Parnassus who drove the "sixth generation" of Pelasgians from Thessaly.[15]

text: One of the earliest Greek historians, Hecataeus of Miletus, was said to have written a book about Deucalion, but it no longer survives. The only extant fragment of his to mention Deucalion does not mention the flood either, but names him as the father of Orestheus, king of Aetolia. The much later geographer Pausanias, following on this tradition, names Deucalion as a king of Ozolian Locris and father of Orestheus.

text: Plutarch mentions a legend that Deucalion and Pyrrha had settled in Dodona, Epirus; while Strabo asserts that they lived at Cynus, and that her grave is still to be found there, while his may be seen at Athens; he also mentions a pair of Aegean islands named after the couple.[citation needed]

text: Mosaic accretions[edit]

text: John Lemprière, in Bibliotheca Classica, notes that as the story was re-told in later versions, it accumulated details from the stories of Noah and Moses: "Thus Apollodorus gives Deucalion a great chest as a means of safety; Plutarch speaks of the pigeons by which he sought to find out whether the waters had retired; and Lucian of the animals of every kind which he had taken with him. &c."[16]

text: Dating by early scholars[edit]

text: For some time during the Middle Ages, many European Christian scholars continued to accept Greek mythical history at face value, thus asserting that Deucalion's flood was a regional flood, that occurred a few centuries later than the global one survived by Noah's family. On the basis of the archaeological stele known as the Parian Chronicle, Deucalion's Flood was usually fixed as occurring sometime around c. 1528 BC. Deucalion's flood may be dated in the chronology of Saint Jerome to c. 1460 BC. According to Augustine of Hippo (City of God XVIII,8,10,&11), Deucalion and his father Prometheus were contemporaries of Moses. According to Clement of Alexandria in his Stromata, "...in the time of Crotopus occurred the burning of Phaethon, and the deluges of Deucalion."[citation needed]

text: Deucalionids[edit]

text: The descendants of Deucalion and Pyrrha are below:

text:
Hellen, Amphictyon, Orestheus, Protogeneia, Pandora II and Thyia are their children.
Aeolus, Aethlius, Dorus, Graecus, Makednos, Magnes, Xuthus are their grandsons.

text:
Genealogy of Hellenes

v
t
e

Prometheus

Clymene

Epimetheus

Pandora

Deucalion

Pyrrha

Hellen

Dorus

Xuthus

Aeolus

Tectamus
Aegimius

Achaeus
Ion

Makednos
Magnes