document_title: Attack on Pearl Harbor

question_text: what kind of bomb did japan drop on pearl harbor

question_tokens: what kind of bomb did japan drop on pearl harbor

text: Attack on Pearl Harbor

text: Background to conflict

text: Diplomatic background

text: War between Japan and the United States had been a possibility that each nation had been aware of (and developed contingency plans for) since the 1920s, though tensions did not begin to grow seriously until Japan's 1931 invasion of Manchuria. Over the next decade, Japan continued to expand into China, leading to all-out war between those countries in 1937. Japan spent considerable effort trying to isolate China and achieve sufficient resource independence to attain victory on the mainland; the "Southern Operation" was designed to assist these efforts.[22]

text: From December 1937, events such as the Japanese attack on USS Panay, the Allison incident, and the Nanking Massacre (the International Military Tribunal of the Far East concluded that more than 200,000 Chinese non-combatants were killed in indiscriminate massacres, though other estimates have ranged from 40,000 to more than 300,000) swung public opinion in the West sharply against Japan. Fearing Japanese expansion,[23] the United States, the United Kingdom, and France provided loan assistance for war supply contracts to China.

text: In 1940, Japan invaded French Indochina in an effort to control supplies reaching China. The United States halted shipments of airplanes, parts, machine tools, and aviation gasoline to Japan, which was perceived by Japan as an unfriendly act.[nb 6] The U.S. did not stop oil exports to Japan at that time in part because prevailing sentiment in Washington was that such an action would be an extreme step that Japan would likely consider a provocation, given Japanese dependence on U.S. oil.[25][26]

text: Early in 1941, President Franklin D. Roosevelt moved the Pacific Fleet to Hawaii from its previous base in San Diego and ordered a military buildup in the Philippines in the hope of discouraging Japanese aggression in the Far East. Because the Japanese high command was (mistakenly) certain that any attack on the UK's Southeast Asian colonies, including Singapore,[27] would bring the U.S. into war, a devastating preventive strike appeared to be the only way to avoid U.S. naval interference.[28] An invasion of the Philippines was also considered necessary by Japanese war planners. The U.S. War Plan Orange had envisioned defending the Philippines with a 40,000-man elite force. This was opposed by Douglas MacArthur, who felt that he would need a force ten times that size, and was never implemented.[29] By 1941, U.S. planners anticipated abandonment of the Philippines at the outbreak of war and orders to that effect were given in late 1941 to Admiral Thomas Hart, commander of the Asiatic Fleet.[30]

text: The U.S. ceased oil exports to Japan in July 1941, following Japanese expansion into French Indochina after the Fall of France, in part because of new American restrictions on domestic oil consumption.[31] This in turn caused the Japanese to proceed with plans to take the Dutch East Indies, an oil-rich territory.[nb 7] On August 17, Roosevelt warned Japan that the U.S. was prepared to take steps against Japan if it attacked "neighboring countries".[33] The Japanese were faced with the option of either withdrawing from China and losing face or seizing and securing new sources of raw materials in the resource-rich, European-controlled colonies of Southeast Asia.

text: Japan and the U.S. engaged in negotiations during the course of 1941 in an effort to improve relations. During these negotiations, Japan offered to withdraw from most of China and Indochina when peace was made with the Nationalist government, adopt an independent interpretation of the Tripartite Pact, and not to discriminate in trade provided all other countries reciprocated. Washington rejected these proposals. Japanese Prime Minister Konoye then offered to meet with Roosevelt, but Roosevelt insisted on coming to an agreement before any meeting.[34] The U.S. ambassador to Japan repeatedly urged Roosevelt to accept the meeting, warning that it was the only way to preserve the conciliatory Konoye government and peace in the Pacific.[35] His recommendation was not acted upon. The Konoye government collapsed the following month when the Japanese military refused to agree to the withdrawal of all troops from China.[36]

text: Japan's final proposal, on November 20, offered to withdraw their forces from southern Indochina and not to launch any attacks in Southeast Asia provided that the U.S., the UK, and the Netherlands ceased aiding China and lifted their sanctions against Japan.[36] The American counter-proposal of November 26 (November 27 in Japan) (the Hull note) required Japan to evacuate all of China without conditions and conclude non-aggression pacts with Pacific powers. However the day before the Hull Note was delivered, on November 26 in Japan, the main Japanese attack fleet left port for Pearl Harbor.

text: Military planning

text: Preliminary planning for an attack on Pearl Harbor to protect the move into the "Southern Resource Area" (the Japanese term for the Dutch East Indies and Southeast Asia generally) had begun very early in 1941 under the auspices of Admiral Isoroku Yamamoto, then commanding Japan's Combined Fleet.[37] He won assent to formal planning and training for an attack from the Imperial Japanese Navy General Staff only after much contention with Naval Headquarters, including a threat to resign his command.[38] Full-scale planning was underway by early spring 1941, primarily by Rear Admiral Ryūnosuke Kusaka, with assistance from Captain Minoru Genda and Yamamoto's Deputy Chief of Staff, Captain Kameto Kuroshima.[39] The planners studied the 1940 British air attack on the Italian fleet at Taranto intensively.[nb 8][nb 9]

text: Over the next several months, pilots were trained, equipment was adapted, and intelligence was collected. Despite these preparations, Emperor Hirohito did not approve the attack plan until November 5, after the third of four Imperial Conferences called to consider the matter.[42] Final authorization was not given by the emperor until December 1, after a majority of Japanese leaders advised him the "Hull Note" would "destroy the fruits of the China incident, endanger Manchukuo and undermine Japanese control of Korea."[43]

text: By late 1941, many observers believed that hostilities between the U.S. and Japan were imminent. A Gallup poll just before the attack on Pearl Harbor found that 52% of Americans expected war with Japan, 27% did not, and 21% had no opinion.[44] While U.S. Pacific bases and facilities had been placed on alert on many occasions, U.S. officials doubted Pearl Harbor would be the first target; instead, they expected the Philippines would be attacked first. This presumption was due to the threat that the air bases throughout the country and the naval base at Manila posed to sea lanes, as well as to the shipment of supplies to Japan from territory to the south.[45] They also incorrectly believed that Japan was not capable of mounting more than one major naval operation at a time.[46]

text: Objectives

text: The Japanese attack had several major aims. First, it intended to destroy important American fleet units, thereby preventing the Pacific Fleet from interfering with Japanese conquest of the Dutch East Indies and Malaya and to enable Japan to conquer Southeast Asia without interference. Second, it was hoped to buy time for Japan to consolidate its position and increase its naval strength before shipbuilding authorized by the 1940 Vinson-Walsh Act erased any chance of victory.[47][48] Third, to deliver a blow to America's ability to mobilize its forces in the Pacific, battleships were chosen as the main targets, since they were the prestige ships of any navy at the time.[47] Finally, it was hoped that the attack would undermine American morale such that the U.S. government would drop its demands contrary to Japanese interests, and would seek a compromise peace with Japan.[49][50]

text: Striking the Pacific Fleet at anchor in Pearl Harbor carried two distinct disadvantages: the targeted ships would be in very shallow water, so it would be relatively easy to salvage and possibly repair them; and most of the crews would survive the attack, since many would be on shore leave or would be rescued from the harbor. A further important disadvantage—this of timing, and known to the Japanese—was the absence from Pearl Harbor of all three of the U.S. Pacific Fleet's aircraft carriers (Enterprise, Lexington, and Saratoga). IJN top command was so imbued with Admiral Mahan's "decisive battle" doctrine—especially that of destroying the maximum number of battleships—that, despite these concerns, Yamamoto decided to press ahead.[51][page needed]

text: Japanese confidence in their ability to achieve a short, victorious war also meant other targets in the harbor, especially the navy yard, oil tank farms, and submarine base, were ignored, since—by their thinking—the war would be over before the influence of these facilities would be felt.[52]

text: Approach and attack

text: On November 26, 1941, a Japanese task force (the Striking Force) of six aircraft carriers—Akagi, Kaga, Sōryū, Hiryū, Shōkaku, and Zuikaku—departed Hittokapu Bay on Kasatka (now Iterup) Island in the Kurile Islands, en route to a position northwest of Hawaii, intending to launch its 408 aircraft to attack Pearl Harbor: 360 for the two attack waves and 48 on defensive combat air patrol (CAP), including nine fighters from the first wave.

text: The first wave was to be the primary attack, while the second wave was to attack carriers as its first objective and cruisers as its second, with battleships as the third target.[53] The first wave carried most of the weapons to attack capital ships, mainly specially adapted Type 91 aerial torpedoes which were designed with an anti-roll mechanism and a rudder extension that let them operate in shallow water.[54] The aircrews were ordered to select the highest value targets (battleships and aircraft carriers) or, if these were not present, any other high value ships (cruisers and destroyers). First wave dive bombers were to attack ground targets. Fighters were ordered to strafe and destroy as many parked aircraft as possible to ensure they did not get into the air to intercept the bombers, especially in the first wave. When the fighters' fuel got low they were to refuel at the aircraft carriers and return to combat. Fighters were to serve CAP duties where needed, especially over U.S. airfields.[citation needed]

text: Before the attack commenced, two reconnaissance aircraft launched from cruisers Chikuma and Tone were sent to scout over Oahu and Maui and report on U.S. fleet composition and location. Reconnaissance aircraft flights risked alerting the U.S.,[55] and were not necessary. U.S. fleet composition and preparedness information in Pearl Harbor was already known due to the reports of the Japanese spy Takeo Yoshikawa. A report of the absence of the U.S. fleet in Lahaina anchorage off Maui was received from the fleet submarine I-72.[56] Another four scout planes patrolled the area between the Japanese carrier force (the Kidō Butai) and Niihau, to detect any counterattack.[57]

text: Submarines

text: Fleet submarines I-16, I-18, I-20, I-22, and I-24 each embarked a Type A midget submarine for transport to the waters off Oahu.[58] The five I-boats left Kure Naval District on November 25, 1941.[59] On December 6, they came to within 10 nmi (19 km; 12 mi) of the mouth of Pearl Harbor[60] and launched their midget subs at about 01:00[clarification needed] on December 7.[61] At 03:42[62] Hawaiian Time, the minesweeper Condor spotted a midget submarine periscope southwest of the Pearl Harbor entrance buoy and alerted the destroyer Ward.[63] The midget may have entered Pearl Harbor. However, Ward sank another midget submarine at 06:37[63][nb 10] in the first American shots in the Pacific Theater. A midget submarine on the north side of Ford Island missed the seaplane tender Curtiss with her first torpedo and missed the attacking destroyer Monaghan with her other one before being sunk by Monaghan at 08:43.[63]

text: A third midget submarine, Ha-19, grounded twice, once outside the harbor entrance and again on the east side of Oahu, where it was captured on December 8.[65] Ensign Kazuo Sakamaki swam ashore and was captured by Hawaii National Guard Corporal David Akui, becoming the first Japanese prisoner of war.[nb 11] A fourth had been damaged by a depth charge attack and was abandoned by its crew before it could fire its torpedoes.[66] Japanese forces received a radio message from a midget submarine at 00:41 on December 8 claiming damage to one or more large warships inside Pearl Harbor.[67]

text: In 1992, 2000, and 2001, Hawaii Undersea Research Laboratory's submersibles found the wreck of the fifth midget submarine lying in three parts outside Pearl Harbor. The wreck was in the debris field where much surplus U.S. equipment was dumped after the war, including vehicles and landing craft. Both of its torpedoes were missing. This correlates with reports of two torpedoes fired at the light cruiser St. Louis at 10:04 at the entrance of Pearl Harbor, and a possible torpedo fired at destroyer Helm at 08:21.[68]

text: Japanese declaration of war

text: The attack took place before any formal declaration of war was made by Japan, but this was not Admiral Yamamoto's intention. He originally stipulated that the attack should not commence until thirty minutes after Japan had informed the United States that peace negotiations were at an end.[citation needed] However, the attack began before the notice could be delivered. Tokyo transmitted the 5000-word notification (commonly called the "14-Part Message") in two blocks to the Japanese Embassy in Washington. Transcribing the message took too long for the Japanese ambassador to deliver it on schedule; in the event, it was not presented until more than an hour after the attack began. (In fact, U.S. code breakers had already deciphered and translated most of the message hours before he was scheduled to deliver it.)[69] The final part is sometimes described as a declaration of war. While it was viewed by a number of senior U.S government and military officials as a very strong indicator negotiations were likely to be terminated[70] and that war might break out at any moment,[71] it neither declared war nor severed diplomatic relations. A declaration of war was printed on the front page of Japan's newspapers in the evening edition of December 8,[72] but not delivered to the U.S. government until the day after the attack.

text: For decades, conventional wisdom held that Japan attacked without first formally breaking diplomatic relations only because of accidents and bumbling that delayed the delivery of a document hinting at war to Washington. In 1999, however, Takeo Iguchi, a professor of law and international relations at International Christian University in Tokyo, discovered documents that pointed to a vigorous debate inside the government over how, and indeed whether, to notify Washington of Japan's intention to break off negotiations and start a war, including a December 7 entry in the war diary saying, "[O]ur deceptive diplomacy is steadily proceeding toward success." Of this, Iguchi said, "The diary shows that the army and navy did not want to give any proper declaration of war, or indeed prior notice even of the termination of negotiations ... and they clearly prevailed."[73][74]

text: In any event, even if the Japanese had decoded and delivered the 14-Part Message before the beginning of the attack, it would not have constituted either a formal break of diplomatic relations or a declaration of war. The final two paragraphs of the message read:

text: Thus the earnest hope of the Japanese Government to adjust Japanese-American relations and to preserve and promote the peace of the Pacific through cooperation with the American Government has finally been lost.

text: First wave composition

text: The first attack wave of 183 planes was launched north of Oahu, led by Commander Mitsuo Fuchida.[76] Six planes failed to launch due to technical difficulties.[57] It included:[nb 12]

text:
1st Group (targets: battleships and aircraft carriers)[78]

49 Nakajima B5N Kate bombers armed with 800 kg (1760 lb) armor-piercing bombs, organized in four sections (1 failed to launch)
40 B5N bombers armed with Type 91 torpedoes, also in four sections

2nd Group – (targets: Ford Island and Wheeler Field)

51 Aichi D3A Val dive bombers armed with 550 lb (249 kg) general-purpose bombs (3 failed to launch)

3rd Group – (targets: aircraft at Ford Island, Hickam Field, Wheeler Field, Barber's Point, Kaneohe)

43 Mitsubishi A6M "Zero" fighters for air control and strafing[77] (2 failed to launch)

text: As the first wave approached Oahu, it was detected by the U.S. Army SCR-270 radar at Opana Point near the island's northern tip. This post had been in training mode for months, but was not yet operational.[79] The operators, Privates George Elliot Jr. and Joseph Lockard, reported a target.[80] But Lieutenant Kermit A. Tyler, a newly assigned officer at the thinly manned Intercept Center, presumed it was the scheduled arrival of six B-17 bombers from California. The Japanese planes were approaching from a direction very close (only a few degrees difference) to the bombers,[81] and while the operators had never seen a formation as large on radar, they neglected to tell Tyler of its size.[82] Tyler, for security reasons, could not tell the operators of the six B-17s that were due (even though it was widely known).[82]

text: As the first wave planes approached Oahu, they encountered and shot down several U.S. aircraft. At least one of these radioed a somewhat incoherent warning. Other warnings from ships off the harbor entrance were still being processed or awaiting confirmation when the attacking planes began bombing and strafing. Nevertheless, it is not clear any warnings would have had much effect even if they had been interpreted correctly and much more promptly. The results the Japanese achieved in the Philippines were essentially the same as at Pearl Harbor, though MacArthur had almost nine hours warning that the Japanese had already attacked Pearl Harbor.

text: The air portion of the attack began at 7:48 a.m. Hawaiian Time[13] (3:18 a.m. December 8 Japanese Standard Time, as kept by ships of the Kido Butai),[83][nb 4] with the attack on Kaneohe. A total of 353[14] Japanese planes in two waves reached Oahu. Slow, vulnerable torpedo bombers led the first wave, exploiting the first moments of surprise to attack the most important ships present (the battleships), while dive bombers attacked U.S. air bases across Oahu, starting with Hickam Field, the largest, and Wheeler Field, the main U.S. Army Air Forces fighter base. The 171 planes in the second wave attacked the Army Air Forces' Bellows Field near Kaneohe on the windward side of the island, and Ford Island. The only aerial opposition came from a handful of P-36 Hawks, P-40 Warhawks, and some SBD Dauntless dive bombers from the carrier Enterprise.[nb 13]

text: In the first wave attack, about eight of the forty-nine 800 kg (1760 lb) armor-piercing bombs dropped hit their intended battleship targets. At least two of those bombs broke up on impact, another detonated before penetrating an unarmored deck, and one was a dud. Thirteen of the forty torpedoes hit battleships, and four torpedoes hit other ships.[84] Men aboard U.S. ships awoke to the sounds of alarms, bombs exploding, and gunfire, prompting bleary-eyed men to dress as they ran to General Quarters stations. (The famous message, "Air raid Pearl Harbor. This is not drill.",[nb 14] was sent from the headquarters of Patrol Wing Two, the first senior Hawaiian command to respond.) The defenders were very unprepared. Ammunition lockers were locked, aircraft parked wingtip to wingtip in the open to prevent sabotage,[85] guns unmanned (none of the Navy's 5"/38s, only a quarter of its machine guns, and only four of 31 Army batteries got in action).[85] Despite this low alert status, many American military personnel responded effectively during the attack.[nb 15] Ensign Joe Taussig Jr., aboard Nevada, commanded the ship's antiaircraft guns and was severely wounded, but continued to be on post. Lt. Commander F. J. Thomas commanded Nevada in the captain's absence and got her under way until the ship was grounded at 9:10 a.m.[86] One of the destroyers, Aylwin, got underway with only four officers aboard, all ensigns, none with more than a year's sea duty; she operated at sea for 36 hours before her commanding officer managed to get back aboard.[87] Captain Mervyn Bennion, commanding West Virginia, led his men until he was cut down by fragments from a bomb which hit Tennessee, moored alongside.

text: Second wave composition

text: The second planned wave consisted of 171 planes: 54 B5Ns, 81 D3As, and 36 A6Ms, commanded by Lieutenant-Commander Shigekazu Shimazaki.[77] Four planes failed to launch because of technical difficulties.[57] This wave and its targets comprised:[77]

text:
1st Group – 54 B5Ns armed with 550 lb (249 kg) and 132 lb (60 kg) general-purpose bombs[78]

27 B5Ns – aircraft and hangars on Kaneohe, Ford Island, and Barbers Point
27 B5Ns – hangars and aircraft on Hickam Field

2nd Group (targets: aircraft carriers and cruisers)

78 D3As armed with 550 lb (249 kg) general-purpose bombs, in four sections (3 aborted)

3rd Group – (targets: aircraft at Ford Island, Hickam Field, Wheeler Field, Barber's Point, Kaneohe)

35 A6Ms for defense and strafing (1 aborted)

text: The second wave was divided into three groups. One was tasked to attack Kāneʻohe, the rest Pearl Harbor proper. The separate sections arrived at the attack point almost simultaneously from several directions.

text: American casualties and damage

text: Ninety minutes after it began, the attack was over. 2,008 sailors were killed and 710 others wounded; 218 soldiers and airmen (who were part of the Army until the independent U.S. Air Force was formed in 1947) were killed and 364 wounded; 109 marines were killed and 69 wounded; and 68 civilians were killed and 35 wounded. In total, 2,403 Americans died and 1,178 were wounded.[88] Eighteen ships were sunk or run aground, including five battleships.[7][89] All of the Americans killed or wounded during the attack were non-combatants, given the fact there was no state of war when the attack occurred.[20][21][90]

text: Of the American fatalities, nearly half were due to the explosion of Arizona's forward magazine after it was hit by a modified 16-inch (410 mm) shell.[nb 16]

text: Already damaged by a torpedo and on fire amidships, Nevada attempted to exit the harbor. She was targeted by many Japanese bombers as she got under way and sustained more hits from 250 lb (113 kg) bombs, which started further fires. She was deliberately beached to avoid blocking the harbor entrance.

text: California was hit by two bombs and two torpedoes. The crew might have kept her afloat, but were ordered to abandon ship just as they were raising power for the pumps. Burning oil from Arizona and West Virginia drifted down on her, and probably made the situation look worse than it was. The disarmed target ship Utah was holed twice by torpedoes. West Virginia was hit by seven torpedoes, the seventh tearing away her rudder. Oklahoma was hit by four torpedoes, the last two above her belt armor, which caused her to capsize. Maryland was hit by two of the converted 16" shells, but neither caused serious damage.

text: Although the Japanese concentrated on battleships (the largest vessels present), they did not ignore other targets. The light cruiser Helena was torpedoed, and the concussion from the blast capsized the neighboring minelayer Oglala. Two destroyers in dry dock, Cassin and Downes were destroyed when bombs penetrated their fuel bunkers. The leaking fuel caught fire; flooding the dry dock in an effort to fight fire made the burning oil rise, and both were burned out. Cassin slipped from her keel blocks and rolled against Downes. The light cruiser Raleigh was holed by a torpedo. The light cruiser Honolulu was damaged, but remained in service. The repair vessel Vestal, moored alongside Arizona, was heavily damaged and beached. The seaplane tender Curtiss was also damaged. The destroyer Shaw was badly damaged when two bombs penetrated her forward magazine.[91]

text: Of the 402[14] American aircraft in Hawaii, 188 were destroyed and 159 damaged,[14] 155 of them on the ground. Almost none were actually ready to take off to defend the base. Eight Army Air Forces pilots managed to get airborne during the attack[92] and six were credited with downing at least one Japanese aircraft during the attack: 1st Lt. Lewis M. Sanders, 2nd Lt. Philip M. Rasmussen, 2nd Lt. Kenneth M. Taylor, 2nd Lt. George S. Welch, 2nd Lt. Harry W. Brown, and 2nd Lt. Gordon H. Sterling Jr. Sterling was shot down by Lt. Fujita over Kaneohe Bay and is listed as Body Not Recovered (not Missing In Action). Lt. John L. Dains was killed by friendly fire returning from a victory over Kaawa.[93][94] Of 33 PBYs in Hawaii, 24 were destroyed, and six others damaged beyond repair. (The three on patrol returned undamaged.) Friendly fire brought down some U.S. planes on top of that, including five from an inbound flight from Enterprise. Japanese attacks on barracks killed additional personnel.

text: At the time of the attack, nine civilian aircraft were flying in the vicinity of Pearl Harbor. Of these, three were shot down.[88]

text: Japanese losses

text: Fifty-five Japanese airmen and nine submariners were killed in the attack, and one was captured. Of Japan's 414[77] available planes, 29 were lost during the battle (nine in the first attack wave, 20 in the second),[95][nb 17] with another 74 damaged by antiaircraft fire from the ground.

text: Possible third wave

text: Several Japanese junior officers including Fuchida and Genda urged Nagumo to carry out a third strike in order to destroy as much of Pearl Harbor's fuel and torpedo[nb 18] storage, maintenance, and dry dock facilities as possible.[96] Genda, who had unsuccessfully advocated for invading Hawaii after the air attack, believed that without an invasion three strikes were necessary to disable the base as much as possible.[97] The captains of the other five carriers in the task force reported they were willing and ready to carry out a third strike.[98] Military historians have suggested the destruction of these shore facilities would have hampered the U.S. Pacific Fleet far more seriously than the loss of its battleships.[99] If they had been wiped out, "serious [American] operations in the Pacific would have been postponed for more than a year";[100] according to Admiral Chester W. Nimitz, later Commander in Chief of the Pacific Fleet, "it would have prolonged the war another two years."[101] Nagumo, however, decided to withdraw for several reasons:

text:
American anti-aircraft performance had improved considerably during the second strike, and two thirds of Japan's losses were incurred during the second wave.[102]
Nagumo felt if he launched a third strike, he would be risking three quarters of the Combined Fleet's strength to wipe out the remaining targets (which included the facilities) while suffering higher aircraft losses.[102]
The location of the American carriers remained unknown. In addition, the admiral was concerned his force was now within range of American land-based bombers.[102] Nagumo was uncertain whether the U.S. had enough surviving planes remaining on Hawaii to launch an attack against his carriers.[103]
A third wave would have required substantial preparation and turnaround time, and would have meant returning planes would have had to land at night. At the time, only the Royal Navy had developed night carrier techniques, so this was a substantial risk.[104]
The task force's fuel situation did not permit him to remain in waters north of Pearl Harbor much longer, since he was at the very limit of logistical support. To do so risked running unacceptably low on fuel, perhaps even having to abandon destroyers en route home.[105]
He believed the second strike had essentially satisfied the main objective of his mission—the neutralization of the Pacific Fleet—and did not wish to risk further losses.[106] Moreover, it was Japanese Navy practice to prefer the conservation of strength over the total destruction of the enemy.[107]

text: At a conference aboard his flagship the following morning, Yamamoto supported Nagumo's withdrawal without launching a third wave.[106] In retrospect, sparing the vital dockyards, maintenance shops, and the oil tank farm meant the U.S. could respond relatively quickly to Japanese activities in the Pacific. Yamamoto later regretted Nagumo's decision to withdraw and categorically stated it had been a great mistake not to order a third strike.[108]

text: Ships lost or damaged

text: Seventeen ships were damaged or lost in the attack, of which fourteen were repaired and returned to service.[109]

text: Battleships

text:
Arizona (RADM Kidd's flagship of Battleship Division One): hit by four armor-piercing bombs, exploded; total loss. 1,177 dead.
Oklahoma: hit by five torpedoes, capsized; total loss. 429 dead.
West Virginia: hit by two bombs, seven torpedoes, sunk; returned to service July 1944. 106 dead.
California: hit by two bombs, two torpedoes, sunk; returned to service January 1944. 100 dead.
Nevada: hit by six bombs, one torpedo, beached; returned to service October 1942. 60 dead.
Pennsylvania (ADM Kimmel's flagship of the United States Pacific Fleet):[110] in drydock with Cassin and Downes, hit by one bomb and debris from USS Cassin; remained in service. 9 dead.
Tennessee: hit by two bombs; returned to service February 1942. 5 dead.
Maryland: hit by two bombs; returned to service February 1942. 4 dead (including floatplane pilot shot down).

text: Ex-battleship (target/AA training ship)

text: Utah: hit by two torpedoes, capsized; total loss. 64 dead.

text: Cruisers

text:
Helena: hit by one torpedo; returned to service January 1942. 20 dead.
Raleigh: hit by one torpedo; returned to service February 1942.
Honolulu: Near miss, light damage; remained in service.

text: Destroyers

text:
Cassin: in drydock with Downes and Pennsylvania, hit by one bomb, burned; returned to service February 1944.
Downes: in drydock with Cassin and Pennsylvania, caught fire from Cassin, burned; returned to service November 1943.
Shaw: hit by three bombs; returned to service June 1942.

text: Auxiliaries

text:
Oglala (minelayer): Damaged by torpedo hit on Helena, capsized; returned to service (as engine-repair ship) February 1944.
Vestal (repair ship): hit by two bombs, blast and fire from Arizona, beached; returned to service by August 1942.
Curtiss (seaplane tender): hit by one bomb, one crashed Japanese aircraft; returned to service January 1942. 19 dead.
Sotoyomo (harbor tug): damaged by explosion and fires in Shaw; sunk; returned to service August 1942.

text: Salvage

text: After a systematic search for survivors, formal salvage operations began. Captain Homer N. Wallin, Material Officer for Commander, Battle Force, U.S. Pacific Fleet, was immediately ordered to lead salvage operations. "Within a short time I was relieved of all other duties and ordered to full time work as Fleet Salvage Officer."[111][nb 19]

text: Around Pearl Harbor, divers from the Navy (shore and tenders), the Naval Shipyard, and civilian contractors (Pacific Bridge and others) began work on the ships that could be refloated. They patched holes, cleared debris, and pumped water out of ships. Navy divers worked inside the damaged ships. Within six months, five battleships and two cruisers were patched or refloated so they could be sent to shipyards in Pearl Harbor and on the mainland for extensive repair.

text: Intensive salvage operations continued for another year, a total of some 20,000 man-hours under water.[113] Oklahoma, while successfully raised, was never repaired, and capsized while under tow to the mainland in 1947. Arizona and the target ship Utah were too heavily damaged for salvage, though much of their armament and equipment was removed and put to use aboard other vessels. Today, the two hulks remain where they were sunk,[114] with Arizona becoming a war memorial.

text: Aftermath

text: In the wake of the attack, 15 Medals of Honor, 51 Navy Crosses, 53 Silver Stars, four Navy and Marine Corps Medals, one Distinguished Flying Cross, four Distinguished Service Crosses, one Distinguished Service Medal, and three Bronze Star Medals were awarded to the American servicemen who distinguished themselves in combat at Pearl Harbor.[115] Additionally, a special military award, the Pearl Harbor Commemorative Medal, was later authorized for all military veterans of the attack.

text: The day after the attack, Roosevelt delivered his famous Infamy Speech to a Joint Session of Congress, calling for a formal declaration of war on the Empire of Japan. Congress obliged his request less than an hour later. On December 11, Germany and Italy declared war on the United States, even though the Tripartite Pact did not require it.[nb 20] Congress issued a declaration of war against Germany and Italy later that same day. The UK actually declared war on Japan nine hours before the U.S. did, partially due to Japanese attacks on Malaya, Singapore and Hong Kong, and partially due to Winston Churchill's promise to declare war "within the hour" of a Japanese attack on the United States.[116]

text: The attack was an initial shock to all the Allies in the Pacific Theater. Further losses compounded the alarming setback. Japan attacked the Philippines hours later (because of the time difference, it was December 8 in the Philippines). Only three days after the attack on Pearl Harbor, the battleships Prince of Wales and Repulse were sunk off the coast of Malaya, causing British Prime Minister Winston Churchill later to recollect "In all the war I never received a more direct shock. As I turned and twisted in bed the full horror of the news sank in upon me. There were no British or American capital ships in the Indian Ocean or the Pacific except the American survivors of Pearl Harbor who were hastening back to California. Over this vast expanse of waters Japan was supreme and we everywhere were weak and naked".[117]

text: Throughout the war, Pearl Harbor was frequently used in American propaganda.[118]

text: One further consequence of the attack on Pearl Harbor and its aftermath (notably the Niihau incident) was that Japanese American residents and citizens were relocated to nearby Japanese-American internment camps. Within hours of the attack, hundreds of Japanese American leaders were rounded up and brought to high-security camps such as Sand Island at the mouth of Honolulu harbor and Kilauea Military Camp on the island of Hawaii.[119][120] Eventually, more than 110,000 Japanese Americans, nearly all who lived on the West Coast, were forced into interior camps, but in Hawaii, where the 150,000-plus Japanese Americans composed over one-third of the population, only 1,200 to 1,800 were interned.[121][122][123]

text: The attack also had international consequences. The Canadian province of British Columbia, bordering the Pacific Ocean, had long had a large population of Japanese immigrants and their Japanese Canadian descendants. Pre-war tensions were exacerbated by the Pearl Harbor attack, leading to a reaction from the Government of Canada. On February 24, 1942, Order-in-Council P.C. no. 1486 was passed under the War Measures Act allowing for the forced removal of any and all Canadians of Japanese descent from British Columbia, as well as the prohibiting from them returning to the province. On 4 March, regulations under the Act were adopted to evacuate Japanese-Canadians.[124] As a result, 12,000 were interned in interior camps, 2,000 were sent to road camps and another 2,000 were forced to work in the prairies at sugar beet farms.[125]

text: Niihau Incident

text: The Japanese planners had determined that some means was required for rescuing fliers whose aircraft were too badly damaged to return to the carriers. The island of Niihau, only 30 minutes flying time from Pearl Harbor, was designated as the rescue point.

text: The Zero flown by Petty Officer Shigenori Nishikaichi of Hiryu was damaged in the attack on Wheeler, so he flew to the rescue point on Niihau. The aircraft was further damaged on landing. Nishikaichi was helped from the wreckage by one of the native Hawaiians, who, aware of the tension between the United States and Japan, took the pilot's maps and other documents. The island's residents had no telephones or radio and were completely unaware of the attack on Pearl Harbor. Nishikaichi enlisted the support of three Japanese-American residents in an attempt to recover the documents. During the ensuing struggles, Nishikaichi was killed and a Hawaiian civilian was wounded; one collaborator committed suicide, and his wife and the third collaborator were sent to prison.

text: The ease with which the local ethnic Japanese residents had apparently gone to the assistance of Nishikaichi was a source of concern for many, and tended to support those who believed that local Japanese could not be trusted.[126]

text: Strategic implications

text: Admiral Hara Tadaichi summed up the Japanese result by saying, "We won a great tactical victory at Pearl Harbor and thereby lost the war."[127] To a similar effect, see Isoroku Yamamoto's alleged "sleeping giant" quote.

text: While the attack accomplished its intended objective, it turned out to be largely unnecessary. Unbeknownst to Yamamoto, who conceived the original plan, the U.S. Navy had decided as far back as 1935 to abandon 'charging' across the Pacific towards the Philippines in response to an outbreak of war (in keeping with the evolution of Plan Orange).[28] The U.S. instead adopted "Plan Dog" in 1940, which emphasized keeping the IJN out of the eastern Pacific and away from the shipping lanes to Australia, while the U.S. concentrated on defeating Nazi Germany.[128]

text: Fortunately for the United States, the American aircraft carriers were untouched by the Japanese attack; otherwise the Pacific Fleet's ability to conduct offensive operations would have been crippled for a year or more (given no diversions from the Atlantic Fleet). As it was, the elimination of the battleships left the U.S. Navy with no choice but to rely on its aircraft carriers and submarines—the very weapons with which the U.S. Navy halted and eventually reversed the Japanese advance. While six of the eight battleships were repaired and returned to service, their relatively low speed and high fuel consumption limited their deployment, and they served mainly in shore bombardment roles (their only major action being the Battle of Surigao Strait in October 1944). A major flaw of Japanese strategic thinking was a belief that the ultimate Pacific battle would be fought by battleships, in keeping with the doctrine of Captain Alfred Thayer Mahan. As a result, Yamamoto (and his successors) hoarded battleships for a "decisive battle" that never happened.[129]

text: The Japanese confidence in their ability to achieve a short, victorious war meant that they neglected Pearl Harbor's navy repair yards, oil tank farms, submarine base, and old headquarters building.[52] All of these targets were omitted from Genda's list, yet they proved more important than any battleship to the American war efforts in the Pacific. The survival of the repair shops and fuel depots allowed Pearl Harbor to maintain logistical support to the U.S. Navy's operations,[130][131] such as the Battles of Coral Sea and Midway. It was submarines that immobilized the Imperial Japanese Navy's heavy ships and brought Japan's economy to a virtual standstill by crippling the transportation of oil and raw materials: by the end of 1942, import of raw materials was cut to half of what it had been, "to a disastrous ten million tons", while oil import "was almost completely stopped".[nb 21] Lastly, the basement of the Old Administration Building was the home of the cryptanalytic unit which contributed significantly to the Midway ambush and the Submarine Force's success.[132]

text: Retrospective debate on American intelligence

text: Ever since the Japanese attack, there has been debate as to how and why the United States had been caught unaware, and how much and when American officials knew of Japanese plans and related topics. Military officers including Gen. Billy Mitchell had pointed out the vulnerability of Pearl to air attack. At least two naval war games, one in 1932 and another in 1936, proved that Pearl was vulnerable to such an attack. Admiral James Richardson was removed from command shortly after protesting President Roosevelt's decision to move the bulk of the Pacific fleet to Pearl Harbor.[133][134] The decisions of military and political leadership to ignore these warnings has contributed to conspiracy theories. Several writers, including journalist Robert Stinnett and former United States Rear Admiral Robert Alfred Theobald, have argued that various parties high in the U.S. and British governments knew of the attack in advance and may even have let it happen or encouraged it in order to force the U.S. into war via the so-called "back door". However, this conspiracy theory is rejected by mainstream historians.[135][136][137][138][nb 22]

text: In popular culture


document_title: Basketball court

question_text: where do you measure free throw line from

root

text: Basketball court

text: Dimensions[edit]

text: Basketball courts come in different sizes. In the National Basketball Association (NBA), the court is 94 by 50 feet (28.7 by 15.2 m). Under International Basketball Federation (FIBA) rules,[1] the court is minutely smaller, measuring exactly 28 by 15 metres (91.9 by 49.2 ft). In amateur basketball, court sizes vary widely. The baskets are always 10 feet (3.0 m) above the floor (except possibly in youth competition). Basketball courts have a three-point arc at both baskets. A basket made from behind this arc is worth three points; a basket made from within this line, or with a player's foot touching the line, is worth 2 points. The free-throw line, where one stands while taking a foul shot, is located within the three-point arc at 15 feet from the basket. A foul shot is worth 1 point, but if a shot is made from the foul line while in play it is still worth 2 points.[2]

tag: p

text: Diagrams[edit]

text:
Composite diagram of a basketball court with FIBA (top half only), NBA (both halves), and NCAA (men’s & women’s – bottom half only) markings

The backboard and basket

tag: ul

text: Table[edit]

text:
Area
NBA
FIBA
WNBA
NCAA[3]

Imperial
Metric
Imperial
Metric
Imperial
Metric
Imperial
Metric

Court length
94 ft
28.65 m
91.86 ft
28 m
Same as NBA

Court width
50 ft
15.24 m
49.21 ft
15 m
Same as NBA

Rim height
10 ft
3.05m
Same as NBA

Restricted arc radius
4 ft
1.22 m
4.10 ft
1.25 m
Same as NBA
3 ft
0.91 m

Center circle diameter
12 ft
3.66 m
11.81 ft
3.6 m
Same as NBA

3-point line distance from the basket
23.75 ft
22 ft in corner*
7.24 m
6.70 m in corner*
22.15 ft
21.65 ft in corner†
6.75 m
6.60 m in corner†
Same as FIBA
20.75 ft
6.32 m

Key (shaded lane or
restricted area) width
16 ft
4.88 m
16.08 ft
4.9 m
Same as NBA
12 ft
3.66 m

Free-throw line distance from point on the floor directly below the backboard
15 ft
4.57 m
15.09 ft
4.6 m
Same as NBA

tag: table

text: * The NBA three-point line is 3 ft (0.91 m) from the sideline in a zone starting at the baseline and ending when it crosses the 23.75 ft (7.24 m) arc. The 22 ft (6.70 m) measurement applies only at a point where a line parallel to the baseline intersects the long axis of the court and the center of the basket.

text: † The FIBA three-point line is 2.95 ft (0.90 m) from the sideline in a zone starting at the baseline and ending when it crosses the 22.1 ft (6.75 m) arc. The 21.65 ft (6.60 m) measurement applies only at a point where a line parallel to the baseline intersects the long axis of the court and the center of the basket.

text: Sections[edit]

text: Center circle[edit]

text: The only two players permitted to enter this area prior to the tipoff are the players contesting the jump ball (usually but not always centers). Both players jump when the referee throws the ball in the air, each attempting to tap the ball into the hands of a player of their own team.

text: Three-point line[edit]

text: The three-point line is the line that separates the two-point area from the three-point area; any shot converted beyond this line counts as three points. If the shooting player steps on the line, it is counted as two points. Any foul made in the act of shooting beyond the three-point line would give the player three free throws if the shot does not go in, and one if it does.

text: The distance to the three-point line from the center of the basket varies depending on the level or league, and has changed several times. These are the current distances, with the league or level using each distance:

text:
19.75 ft (6.02 m): High School
20.75 ft (6.32 m): NCAA
21.65 ft (6.60 m) to 22.15 ft (6.75 m): WNBA and FIBA
22 ft (6.71 m) to 23.75 ft (7.24 m): NBA

text: The NBA adopted the three-point line at the start of the 1979–80 season. This is of variable distance, ranging from 22 feet (6.7 m) in the corners to 23.75 feet (7.24 m) behind the top of the key. During the 1994–95, 1995–96 and 1996–97 seasons, the NBA attempted to address decreased scoring by shortening the overall distance of the line to a uniform 22 feet (6.7 m) around the basket. It was moved back to its original distance after the 1996–97 season. FIBA and the NCAA both adopted the three-point line in 1985.

text: In most high school associations in the United States, the distance is 19.75 feet. This was formerly the distance for college basketball as well. On May 26, 2007, the NCAA playing rules committee agreed to move the three-point line back one foot to 20.75 feet for the men. This rule went into effect for the 2008–2009 season. The three-point line for women (NCAA) moved back one foot to 20.75 feet at the start of the 2011–2012 season.

text: The international distance, used in most countries outside the United States and in FIBA and WNBA competition, is currently 6.6 m (21.65 ft) to 6.75 m (22.15 ft).

text: Perimeter[edit]

text: The perimeter is defined as the areas outside the free throw lane and inside the three-point line. Shots converted (successfully made) from this area are called "perimeter shots" or "medium-range shots." If a player's foot is on the three-point line, the shot is considered a perimeter shot.

text: Low post area[edit]

text: The low post is defined as the areas that are closest to the basket but outside of the free throw lane.[4] This area is fundamental to strategy in basketball. Skilled low post players can score many points per game without ever taking a jump shot.

text: Key[edit]

text: The key, free throw lane or shaded lane refers to the usually painted area beneath the basket; for the NBA it is 16 feet (4.9 m) wide, for the NCAA it is 12 feet (3.7 m) wide; for both instances it extends 15 feet (4.6 m) from the backboard. At the top of the rectangle is the free throw line, behind which players shoot uncontested shots when they're fouled. A circle is drawn around the free-throw line with a 6 feet (1.8 m) radius; this is used for jump ball instances, as is done at the center circle. Two 6-inch hash lines, 3 ft from the free throw lane line and 5 ft 8 in from the free throw line, show the lower defensive box linked to the restricted area.

text: For FIBA tournaments, since October 2010 the key has been a rectangle 4.9 m wide and 5.8 m long. Previously it was a trapezoid 3.7 meters (12 ft) wide at the free-throw line and 6 meters (19 feet and 6.25 inches) at the end line.

text: The key is primarily used to prevent players from staying beneath the basket of the opponents' team for long periods (maximum three seconds).

text: The restricted area arc is a semi-circular arc drawn around the area directly underneath the basket. With some exceptions, members of the defending team cannot draw charging fouls in this area. The restricted arc in all North American rule sets above high school level (NCAA men's and women's, NBA, and WNBA) has a radius 4 feet (1.22 m) from below the center of the basket. The NCAA restricted area arc was originally established for the 2011–12 men's and women's seasons at a 3-foot (0.91 m) radius from below the center of the basket, and was extended to match the (W)NBA radius for the 2015–16 season and beyond.

text: Other lines[edit]

text: On NBA floors, two hash marks are drawn at the end lines near the key to mark the area known as the lower defensive box. A defensive player is allowed to draw a charging foul within the restricted arc if the offensive player receives the ball and/or starts his drive within this area.[5]

text: Also, two lines are drawn on each of the sidelines, 28 feet from each of the endlines, which designates the extent of the coaching box and bench. This line marks the farthest extent a coach (aside from the sidelines) can stand. Directly behind this area is the team bench.

text: On the half-court line of NBA floors two lines extend outside the playing court, designating the place where substitutes wait before they can enter the playing court; directly behind this area are the various off-court officials such as the timekeeper and reserve referee.

text: FIBA changes[edit]

text: On April 26, 2008, FIBA announced several major rules changes involving the court markings. These changes took effect for major international competitions on October 1, 2010, after that year's World Championships for men and women, and became mandatory for other competitions on October 1, 2012 (although national federations could adopt the new markings before 2012). The changes were as follows.[6]

text:
The shape of the key changed from a trapezoid to a rectangle as it is in the NBA, with NBA dimensions.
The three-point line moved back to 6.75 metres (22 ft 1.7 in) from 6.25 metres (20 ft 6.1 in), compared to 23 ft 9 in (7.24 m) for the NBA at the top of the arc.
The FIBA adopted the NBA's restricted area arc with a marginally wider radius of 1.25 metres (4 ft 1.2 in).


document_title: List of footballers with a Premier League winner's medal

question_text: who has won the premier league with 2 different clubs

text: Number of winners by season; clubs, managers and captains[edit]

text: This table details the chronology of the Premier League winners, the respective captains of the sides, and the number of medals awarded to team players in that season.

text:
Year
Club
Manager
Captain
Number of medals[4]

19921992–93
Manchester United
 Ferguson, AlexAlex Ferguson
 Robson, BryanBryan Robson[5]
17

19931993–94
Manchester United (2)
 Ferguson, AlexAlex Ferguson (2)
 Bruce, SteveSteve Bruce[6]
14

19941994–95
Blackburn Rovers
 Dalglish, KennyKenny Dalglish
 Sherwood, TimTim Sherwood
15[7]

19951995–96
Manchester United (3)
 Ferguson, AlexAlex Ferguson (3)
 Bruce, SteveSteve Bruce (2)
16

19961996–97
Manchester United (4)
 Ferguson, AlexAlex Ferguson (4)
 Cantona, EricEric Cantona
17

19971997–98
Arsenal
 Wenger, ArsèneArsène Wenger
 Adams, TonyTony Adams
20

19981998–99
Manchester United (5)
 Ferguson, AlexAlex Ferguson (5)
 Keane, RoyRoy Keane
18

19991999–00
Manchester United (6)
 Ferguson, AlexAlex Ferguson (6)
 Keane, RoyRoy Keane (2)
17

20002000–01
Manchester United (7)
 Ferguson, AlexAlex Ferguson (7)
 Keane, RoyRoy Keane (3)
20

20012001–02
Arsenal (2)
 Wenger, ArsèneArsène Wenger (2)
 Adams, TonyTony Adams (2)
22

20022002–03
Manchester United (8)
 Ferguson, AlexAlex Ferguson (8)
 Keane, RoyRoy Keane (4)
18

20032003–04
Arsenal (3)
 Wenger, ArsèneArsène Wenger (3)
 Vieira, PatrickPatrick Vieira
20

20042004–05
Chelsea
 Mourinho, JoséJosé Mourinho
 Terry, JohnJohn Terry
20

20052005–06
Chelsea (2)
 Mourinho, JoséJosé Mourinho (2)
 Terry, JohnJohn Terry (2)
18

20062006–07
Manchester United (9)
 Ferguson, AlexAlex Ferguson (9)
 Neville, GaryGary Neville
22

20072007–08
Manchester United (10)
 Ferguson, AlexAlex Ferguson (10)
 Giggs, RyanRyan Giggs[8]
20[9]

20082008–09
Manchester United (11)
 Ferguson, AlexAlex Ferguson (11)
 Neville, GaryGary Neville (2)
19

20092009–10
Chelsea (3)
 Ancelotti, CarloCarlo Ancelotti
 Terry, JohnJohn Terry (3)
20

20102010–11
Manchester United (12)
 Ferguson, AlexAlex Ferguson (12)
 Vidic, NemanjaNemanja Vidić
23

20112011–12
Manchester City
 Mancini, RobertoRoberto Mancini
 Kompany, VincentVincent Kompany
20

20122012–13
Manchester United (13)
 Ferguson, AlexAlex Ferguson (13)
 Vidic, NemanjaNemanja Vidić (2)
24

20132013–14
Manchester City (2)
 Pellegrini, ManuelManuel Pellegrini
 Kompany, VincentVincent Kompany (2)
21

20142014–15
Chelsea (4)
 Mourinho, JoséJosé Mourinho (3)
 Terry, JohnJohn Terry (4)
19

20152015–16
Leicester City
 Ranieri, ClaudioClaudio Ranieri
 Morgan, WesWes Morgan
20

20162016–17
Chelsea (5)
 Conte, AntonioAntonio Conte
 Terry, JohnJohn Terry (5)
21

text: Representation of nationalities[edit]

text: There have been 223 different players to receive a Premier League medal, from 46 different countries (in 2011–12, 68 countries in total were represented)[10][11] Of these 46 countries, 19 have yielded only one medal winner.[12]

text:
Nationality
Number
First winner
Year

Algeria
1
Riyad Mahrez
15–16

Argentina
8
Juan Sebastián Verón
02–03

Australia
3
Robbie Slater
94–95

Austria
2
Alex Manninger
97–98

Belgium
5
Vincent Kompany
11–12

Bosnia and Herzegovina
2
Edin Džeko
11–12

Brazil
13
Edu
01–02

Bulgaria
1
Dimitar Berbatov
08–09

Cameroon
2
Lauren
01–02

Colombia
1
Juan Cuadrado
14–15

Czech Republic
3
Karel Poborský
96–97

Ivory Coast
4
Kolo Touré
03–04

Denmark
3
Peter Schmeichel
92–93

Ecuador
2
Antonio Valencia
10–11

England
81
Steve Bruce, Dion Dublin, Paul Ince, Gary Pallister, Paul Parker, Mike Phelan, Bryan Robson, Lee Sharpe
92–93

France
24
Eric Cantona
92–93

Germany
4
Jens Lehmann
03–04

Ghana
3
Michael Essien
05–06

Iceland
1
Eiður Guðjohnsen
04–05

Italy
1
Mario Balotelli
11–12

Jamaica
1
Wes Morgan
15–16

Japan
2
Shinji Kagawa
12–13

Latvia
1
Igors Stepanovs
01–02

Liberia
1
Christopher Wreh
97–98

Mexico
1
Javier Hernández
10–11

Montenegro
1
Stefan Savić
11–12

Netherlands
12
Jordi Cruyff
96–97

Nigeria
3
Nwankwo Kanu
01–02

Northern Ireland
2
Roy Carroll
02–03

Norway
3
Henning Berg
94–95

Poland
1
Tomasz Kuszczak
06–07

Portugal
7
Luís Boa Morte
97–98

Republic of Ireland
5
Denis Irwin
92–93

Romania
1
Costel Pantilimon
13–14

Russia
3
Andrei Kanchelskis
92–93

Scotland
4
Darren Ferguson, Brian McClair
92–93

Serbia
6
Mateja Kežman
04–05

South Africa
1
Quinton Fortune
02–03

South Korea
1
Park Ji-sung
06–07

Spain
13
José Antonio Reyes
03–04

Sweden
3
Jesper Blomqvist
98–99

Switzerland
1
Gökhan Inler
15–16

Trinidad and Tobago
1
Dwight Yorke
98–99

Ukraine
1
Oleh Luzhny
01–02

Uruguay
1
Diego Forlán
02–03

Wales
4
Clayton Blackmore, Ryan Giggs, Mark Hughes
92–93

text: Full list of players with a Premier League medal[edit]

text:
Player
No.
Nat.
Pos.
Club(s)
Seasons
Notes

Giggs, RyanRyan Giggs
13

08LW
Manchester United
199292–93, 93–94, 95–96, 96–97, 98–99, 99–00, 00–01, 02–03, 06–07, 07–08, 08–09, 10–11, 12–13
Highest number of medals for a single player

Scholes, PaulPaul Scholes
11

06CM
Manchester United
199595–96, 96–97, 98–99, 99–00, 00–01, 02–03, 06–07, 07–08, 08–09, 10–11, 12–13

Neville, GaryGary Neville
8

02RB
Manchester United
199595–96, 96–97, 98–99, 99–00, 00–01, 02–03, 06–07, 08–09

Irwin, DenisDenis Irwin
7

03LB
Manchester United
199292–93, 93–94, 95–96, 96–97, 98–99, 99–00, 00–01

Keane, RoyRoy Keane
7

04DM
Manchester United
199393–94, 95–96, 96–97, 98–99, 99–00, 00–01, 02–03

Beckham, DavidDavid Beckham
6

07RW
Manchester United
199595–96, 96–97, 98–99, 99–00, 00–01, 02–03

Butt, NickyNicky Butt
6

06CM
Manchester United
199595–96, 96–97, 98–99, 99–00, 00–01, 02–03

Neville, PhilPhil Neville
6

02FB
Manchester United
199595–96, 96–97, 98–99, 99–00, 00–01, 02–03

Solskjaer, Ole GunnarOle Gunnar Solskjær
6

10CF
Manchester United
199696–97, 98–99, 99–00, 00–01, 02–03, 06–07

Ferdinand, RioRio Ferdinand
6

04CB
Manchester United
200202–03, 06–07, 07–08, 08–09, 10–11, 12–13

Schmeichel, PeterPeter Schmeichel
5

01GK
Manchester United
199292–93, 93–94, 95–96, 96–97, 98–99
More winners medals than any other goalkeeper

Cole, AndrewAndrew Cole
5

10CF
Manchester United
199595–96, 96–97, 98–99, 99–00, 00–01

Brown, WesWes Brown
5

04CB
Manchester United
199898–99, 00–01, 02–03, 06–07, 07–08

Oshea, JohnJohn O'Shea
5

04D/DM
Manchester United
200202–03, 06–07, 07–08, 08–09, 10–11

Rooney, WayneWayne Rooney
5

10CF
Manchester United
200606–07, 07–08, 08–09, 10–11, 12–13

Evra, PatricePatrice Evra
5
[13]
03LB/LW
Manchester United
200606–07, 07–08, 08–09, 10–11, 12–13

Vidic, NemanjaNemanja Vidić
5

04CB
Manchester United
200606–07, 07–08, 08–09, 10–11, 12–13

Fletcher, DarrenDarren Fletcher
5

06M
Manchester United
200606–07, 07–08, 08–09, 10–11, 12–13

Carrick, MichaelMichael Carrick
5

06M
Manchester United
200606–07, 07–08, 08–09, 10–11, 12–13

Terry, JohnJohn Terry
5

04CB
Chelsea
200404–05, 05–06, 09–10, 14–15, 16–17
Most as captain: 04–05, 05–06, 09–10, 14–15, 16–17

Cantona, EricEric Cantona
4

10CF
Manchester United
199292–93, 93–94, 95–96, 96–97

McClair, BrianBrian McClair
4

06CM
Manchester United
199292–93, 93–94, 95–96, 96–97

Pallister, GaryGary Pallister
4

04CB
Manchester United
199292–93, 93–94, 95–96, 96–97

Silvestre, MikaelMikaël Silvestre
4

03LB/CB
Manchester United
199999–00, 00–01, 02–03, 06–07

Sar, Edwin van derEdwin van der Sar
4

01GK
Manchester United
200606–07, 07–08, 08–09, 10–11
Oldest: 40 years, 205 days

Park Ji-sung
4

09AM
Manchester United
200606–07, 07–08, 08–09, 10–11

Anderson
4

06M
Manchester United
200707–08, 08–09, 10–11, 12–13

Nani
4
[14]
07W
Manchester United
200707–08, 08–09, 10–11, 12–13

Drogba, DidierDidier Drogba
4

10CF
Chelsea
200404–05, 05–06, 09–10, 14–15

Cech, PetrPetr Čech
4

01GK
Chelsea
200404–05, 05–06, 09–10, 14–15

Ronaldo, CristianoCristiano Ronaldo
3

07RW
Manchester United
200606–07, 07–08, 08–09

Bergkamp, DennisDennis Bergkamp
3

10CF
Arsenal
199797–98, 01–02, 03–04

Keown, MartinMartin Keown
3

04CB
Arsenal
199797–98, 01–02, 03–04

Parlour, RayRay Parlour
3

07RW
Arsenal
199797–98, 01–02, 03–04

Vieira, PatrickPatrick Vieira
3
[13]
05DM
Arsenal
199797–98, 01–02, 03–04

Cole, AshleyAshley Cole
3

03LB
Arsenal,
Chelsea
200101–02, 03–04, 09–10

Berg, HenningHenning Berg
3

04CB/RB
Blackburn Rovers,
Manchester United
199494–95, 98–99, 99–00
First player to win with two different clubs

Carvalho, RicardoRicardo Carvalho
3

04CB
Chelsea
200404–05, 05–06, 09–10

Cole, JoeJoe Cole
3

06CM
Chelsea
200404–05, 05–06, 09–10

Ferreira, PauloPaulo Ferreira
3

04D
Chelsea
200404–05, 05–06, 09–10

Lampard, FrankFrank Lampard
3

06CM
Chelsea
200404–05, 05–06, 09–10

Bruce, SteveSteve Bruce
3

04CB
Manchester United
199292–93, 93–94, 95–96

Sharpe, LeeLee Sharpe
3

08LW
Manchester United
199292–93, 93–94, 95–96

Johnsen, RonnyRonny Johnsen
3

05CB/DM
Manchester United
199696–97, 98–99, 00–01

Sheringham, TeddyTeddy Sheringham
3

10CF
Manchester United
199898–99, 99–00, 00–01

Stam, JaapJaap Stam
3

04CB
Manchester United
199898–99, 99–00, 00–01

Yorke, DwightDwight Yorke
3

10CF
Manchester United
199898–99, 99–00, 00–01

Kuszczak, TomaszTomasz Kuszczak
3

01GK
Manchester United
200606–07, 07–08, 10–11
Special dispensation (three times)[9]

Tevez, CarlosCarlos Tevez
3

10CF
Manchester United,
Manchester City
200707–08, 08–09, 11–12

Evans, JonnyJonny Evans
3

04CB
Manchester United
200908–09, 10–11, 12–13

Clichy, GaelGaël Clichy
3

03LB
Arsenal,
Manchester City
200303–04, 11–12, 13–14
Youngest: 18 years, 294 days

Rafael
3

02RB
Manchester United
200908–09, 10–11, 12–13

Huth, RobertRobert Huth
3

04CB
Chelsea,
Leicester City
200404–05, 05–06, 15–16

Ivanovic, BranislavBranislav Ivanović
3

02RB
Chelsea
200909–10, 14–15, 16–17

Adams, TonyTony Adams
2

04CB
Arsenal
199797–98, 01–02

Anelka, NicolasNicolas Anelka
2

10CF
Arsenal,
Chelsea
199797–98, 09–10

Seaman, DavidDavid Seaman
2

01GK
Arsenal
199797–98, 01–02

Dixon, LeeLee Dixon
2

02RB
Arsenal
199797–98, 01–02

Grimandi, GillesGilles Grimandi
2

05DM
Arsenal
199797–98, 01–02

Pires, RobertRobert Pirès
2

09AM/LW
Arsenal
200101–02, 03–04

Ljungberg, FredrikFredrik Ljungberg
2

09AM
Arsenal
200101–02, 03–04

Wiltord, SylvainSylvain Wiltord
2

10CF
Arsenal
200101–02, 03–04

Lauren
2

02RB
Arsenal
200101–02, 03–04

Henry, ThierryThierry Henry
2

10CF
Arsenal
200101–02, 03–04

Edu
2

06CM
Arsenal
200101–02, 03–04

Campbell, SolSol Campbell
2

04CB
Arsenal
200101–02, 03–04

Kanu, NwankwoNwankwo Kanu
2

10CF
Arsenal
200101–02, 03–04

Duff, DamienDamien Duff
2

06M
Chelsea
200404–05, 05–06

Gallas, WilliamWilliam Gallas
2

04CB
Chelsea
200404–05, 05–06

Geremi
2

02RB/DM
Chelsea
200404–05, 05–06

Gudjohnsen, EidurEiður Guðjohnsen
2

10CF
Chelsea
200404–05, 05–06

Makelele, ClaudeClaude Makélélé
2
[15]
05DM
Chelsea
200404–05, 05–06

Robben, ArjenArjen Robben
2

08LW
Chelsea
200404–05, 05–06

Essien, MichaelMichael Essien
2

06CM
Chelsea
200505–06, 09–10

Hughes, MarkMark Hughes
2

10CF
Manchester United
199292–93, 93–94

Ince, PaulPaul Ince
2

05DM
Manchester United
199292–93, 93–94

Kanchelskis, AndreiAndrei Kanchelskis
2
[16]
07W
Manchester United
199292–93, 93–94

Parker, PaulPaul Parker
2

02D
Manchester United
199292–93, 93–94

Robson, BryanBryan Robson
2

056CM
Manchester United
199292–93, 93–94

May, DavidDavid May
2

04CB
Manchester United
199595–96, 96–97

Gouw, Raimond van derRaimond van der Gouw
2

01GK
Manchester United
199999–00, 00–01

Barthez, FabienFabien Barthez
2

01GK
Manchester United
200000–01, 02–03

Saha, LouisLouis Saha
2

10CF
Manchester United
200606–07, 07–08

Berbatov, DimitarDimitar Berbatov
2

10CF
Manchester United
200908–09, 10–11

Toure, KoloKolo Touré
2

04CB
Arsenal,
Manchester City
200303–04, 11–12

Valencia, AntonioAntonio Valencia
2

07RW
Manchester United
201110–11, 12–13

Smalling, ChrisChris Smalling
2

04CB
Manchester United
201110–11, 12–13

Hernandez, JavierJavier Hernández
2

10CF
Manchester United
201110–11, 12–13

Hart, JoeJoe Hart
2

01GK
Manchester City
201211–12, 13–14

Zabaleta, PabloPablo Zabaleta
2

02RB
Manchester City
201211–12, 13–14

Kolarov, AleksandarAleksandar Kolarov
2

03LB
Manchester City
201211–12, 13–14

Lescott, JoleonJoleon Lescott
2

04CB
Manchester City
201211–12, 13–14

Kompany, VincentVincent Kompany
2

04CB
Manchester City
201211–12, 13–14

Milner, JamesJames Milner
2

06CM
Manchester City
201211–12, 13–14

Toure, YayaYaya Touré
2

06CM
Manchester City
201211–12, 13–14

Nasri, SamirSamir Nasri
2

07RW
Manchester City
201211–12, 13–14

Silva, DavidDavid Silva
2

09AM
Manchester City
201211–12, 13–14

Aguero, SergioSergio Agüero
2

10CF
Manchester City
201211–12, 13–14

Dzeko, EdinEdin Džeko
2

10CF
Manchester City
201211–12, 13–14

Obi, Mikel JohnMikel John Obi
2

05DM
Chelsea
200909–10, 14–15

Zouma, KurtKurt Zouma
2

04CB
Chelsea
201414–15, 16–17

Oscar
2

06CM
Chelsea
201414–15, 16–17

Willian
2

07RW
Chelsea
201414–15, 16–17

Cahill, GaryGary Cahill
2

04CB
Chelsea
201414–15, 16–17

Matic, NemanjaNemanja Matić
2

05DM
Chelsea
201414–15, 16–17

Fabregas, CescCesc Fàbregas
2

06CM
Chelsea
201414–15, 16–17

Azpilicueta, CesarCésar Azpilicueta
2

03LB/RB
Chelsea
201414–15, 16–17

Costa, DiegoDiego Costa
2
[17]
10CF
Chelsea
201414–15, 16–17

Courtois, ThibautThibaut Courtois
2

01GK
Chelsea
201414–15, 16–17

Hazard, EdenEden Hazard
2

08LW
Chelsea
201414–15, 16–17

Kante, NgoloN'Golo Kanté
2

06M
Leicester City,
Chelsea
201515–16, 16–17

Sherwood, TimTim Sherwood
1

05M
Blackburn Rovers
199494–95

Atkins, MarkMark Atkins
1

06CM
Blackburn Rovers
199494–95

Shearer, AlanAlan Shearer
1

10CF
Blackburn Rovers
199494–95

Gale, TonyTony Gale
1

04D
Blackburn Rovers
199494–95

Hendry, ColinColin Hendry
1

04D
Blackburn Rovers
199494–95

Le Saux, GraemeGraeme Le Saux
1
[18]
03LB
Blackburn Rovers
199494–95

Flowers, TimTim Flowers
1

01GK
Blackburn Rovers
199494–95

Warhurst, PaulPaul Warhurst
1

04D
Blackburn Rovers
199494–95

Sutton, ChrisChris Sutton
1

10CF
Blackburn Rovers
199494–95

Ripley, StuartStuart Ripley
1

09AM
Blackburn Rovers
199494–95

Pearce, IanIan Pearce
1

04D
Blackburn Rovers
199494–95

Wilcox, JasonJason Wilcox
1

08W
Blackburn Rovers
199494–95

Newell, MikeMike Newell
1

10CF
Blackburn Rovers
199494–95

Slater, RobbieRobbie Slater
1
[19]
06M
Blackburn Rovers
199494–95

Kenna, JeffJeff Kenna
1

03D
Blackburn Rovers
199494–95
Special dispensation

Winterburn, NigelNigel Winterburn
1

03LB
Arsenal
199797–98

Bould, SteveSteve Bould
1

04CB
Arsenal
199797–98

Platt, DavidDavid Platt
1

06CM
Arsenal
199797–98

Wright, IanIan Wright
1

10CF
Arsenal
199797–98

Overmars, MarcMarc Overmars
1

08LW
Arsenal
199797–98

Wreh, ChristopherChristopher Wreh
1

10CF
Arsenal
199797–98

Petit, EmmanuelEmmanuel Petit
1

05DM
Arsenal
199797–98

Boa Morte, LuisLuís Boa Morte
1

08LW
Arsenal
199797–98

Garde, RemiRémi Garde
1

04D
Arsenal
199797–98

Hughes, StephenStephen Hughes
1

06M
Arsenal
199797–98

Manninger, AlexAlex Manninger
1

01GK
Arsenal
199797–98
Special dispensation

Luzhny, OlehOleh Luzhny
1

02RB
Arsenal
200101–02

Taylor, StuartStuart Taylor
1

01GK
Arsenal
200101–02

Bronckhorst, Giovanni vanGiovanni van Bronckhorst
1

03LB
Arsenal
200101–02

Upson, MatthewMatthew Upson
1

04CB
Arsenal
200101–02

Wright, RichardRichard Wright
1

01GK
Arsenal
200101–02

Stepanovs, IgorsIgors Stepanovs
1

10CB
Arsenal
200301–02

Aliadiere, JeremieJérémie Aliadière
1

10CF
Arsenal
200303–04

Lehmann, JensJens Lehmann
1

01GK
Arsenal
200303–04

Reyes, Jose AntonioJosé Antonio Reyes
1

09AM
Arsenal
200303–04

Silva, GilbertoGilberto Silva
1

05DM
Arsenal
200303–04

Cygan, PascalPascal Cygan
1

04D
Arsenal
200303–04

Bridge, WayneWayne Bridge
1

03LB
Chelsea
200404–05

Smertin, AlexeyAlexey Smertin
1

06M
Chelsea
200404–05

Tiago
1

06M
Chelsea
200404–05

Johnson, GlenGlen Johnson
1

02RB
Chelsea
200404–05

Kezman, MatejaMateja Kežman
1

10CF
Chelsea
200404–05

Jarosik, JiriJiří Jarošík
1

10CM
Chelsea
200404–05

Crespo, HernanHernán Crespo
1

10CF
Chelsea
200505–06

del Horno, AsierAsier del Horno
1

03LB
Chelsea
200505–06

Wright-Phillips, ShaunShaun Wright-Phillips
1

07RW
Chelsea
200505–06

Ballack, MichaelMichael Ballack
1

09AM
Chelsea
200909–10

Belletti, JulianoJuliano Belletti
1

02RB
Chelsea
200909–10

Alex
1

04CB
Chelsea
200909–10

Deco
1
[20]
09AM
Chelsea
200909–10

Kalou, SalomonSalomon Kalou
1

10CF
Chelsea
200909–10

Malouda, FlorentFlorent Malouda
1

08LW
Chelsea
200909–10

Sturridge, DanielDaniel Sturridge
1

10CF
Chelsea
200909–10

Zhirkov, YuriYuri Zhirkov
1

03LB
Chelsea
200909–10

Blackmore, ClaytonClayton Blackmore
1

02FB/M
Manchester United
199292–93

Dublin, DionDion Dublin
1

10CF/CB
Manchester United
199292–93
Special dispensation

Ferguson, DarrenDarren Ferguson
1

06M
Manchester United
199292–93

Phelan, MikeMike Phelan
1

02RB/M
Manchester United
199292–93

Cruyff, JordiJordi Cruyff
1

07RW
Manchester United
199696–97

Poborsky, KarelKarel Poborský
1

08W
Manchester United
199696–97

Blomqvist, JesperJesper Blomqvist
1

08LW
Manchester United
199898–99

Bosnich, MarkMark Bosnich
1

01GK
Manchester United
199999–00

Chadwick, LukeLuke Chadwick
1

06M
Manchester United
200000–01

Wallwork, RonnieRonnie Wallwork
1

04D/DM
Manchester United
200000–01

Blanc, LaurentLaurent Blanc
1

04CB
Manchester United
200202–03

Carroll, RoyRoy Carroll
1

01GK
Manchester United
200202–03

Fortune, QuintonQuinton Fortune
1

01LW
Manchester United
200202–03
Special dispensation

Forlan, DiegoDiego Forlán
1

10CF
Manchester United
200202–03

Nistelrooy, Ruud vanRuud van Nistelrooy
1

10CF
Manchester United
200202–03

Veron, Juan SebastianJuan Sebastián Verón
1

06M
Manchester United
200202–03

Heinze, GabrielGabriel Heinze
1

03LB/D
Manchester United
200606–07

Richardson, KieranKieran Richardson
1

06M
Manchester United
200606–07

Larsson, HenrikHenrik Larsson
1

10CF
Manchester United
200606–07
Special dispensation

Smith, AlanAlan Smith
1

10CF
Manchester United
200606–07
Special dispensation[21]

Hargreaves, OwenOwen Hargreaves
1
[22]
06M
Manchester United
200707–08

Pique, GerardGerard Piqué
1

02RB/CB
Manchester United
200707–08
Special dispensation[9]

Fabio !Fábio
1

03LB
Manchester United
201110–11

Owen, MichaelMichael Owen
1

10CF
Manchester United
201110–11

Gibson, DarronDarron Gibson
1
[23]
06CM
Manchester United
201110–11

Richards, MicahMicah Richards
1

02RB
Manchester City
201211–12

Savic, StefanStefan Savić
1

04CB
Manchester City
201211–12

Barry, GarethGareth Barry
1

06CM
Manchester City
201211–12

de Jong, NigelNigel de Jong
1

06CM
Manchester City
201211–12

Johnson, AdamAdam Johnson
1

08LW
Manchester City
201211–12

Balotelli, MarioMario Balotelli
1

10CF
Manchester City
201211–12

Persie, Robin vanRobin van Persie
1

01CF
Manchester United
201212–13

Welbeck, DannyDanny Welbeck
1

01CF
Manchester United
201212–13

Kagawa, ShinjiShinji Kagawa
1

01CM
Manchester United
201212–13

de Gea, DavidDavid de Gea
1

01GK
Manchester United
201212–13

Young, AshleyAshley Young
1

01LW
Manchester United
201212–13

Cleverley, TomTom Cleverley
1

01CM
Manchester United
201212–13

Jones, PhilPhil Jones
1

01CM
Manchester United
201212–13

Buttner, AlexanderAlexander Büttner
1

01LB
Manchester United
201212–13

Lindegaard, AndersAnders Lindegaard
1

01GK
Manchester United
201212–13

Negredo, AlvaroÁlvaro Negredo
1

10CF
Manchester City
201313–14

Garcia, JaviJavi García
1

05DM
Manchester City
201313–14

Navas, JesusJesús Navas
1

07RW
Manchester City
201313–14

Rodwell, JackJack Rodwell
1

06CM
Manchester City
201313–14

Fernandinho
1

06CM
Manchester City
201313–14

Demichelis, MartinMartín Demichelis
1

04CB
Manchester City
201313–14

Pantilimon, CostelCostel Pantilimon
1

01GK
Manchester City
201313–14

Nastasic, MatijaMatija Nastasić
1

04CB
Manchester City
201313–14

Jovetic, StevanStevan Jovetić
1

10CF
Manchester City
201313–14

Remy, LoicLoïc Rémy
1

10CF
Chelsea
201414–15

Ramires
1

06CM
Chelsea
201414–15

Filipe Luis !Filipe Luís
1

03LB
Chelsea
201414–15

Cuadrado, JuanJuan Cuadrado
1

07RW
Chelsea
201414–15

Schurrle, AndreAndré Schürrle
1

07RW
Chelsea
201414–15

Schmeichel, KasperKasper Schmeichel
1

01GK
Leicester City
201515–16

Schwarzer, MarkMark Schwarzer
1

02GK
Leicester City
201515–16
[24]

Simpson, DannyDanny Simpson
1

02RB
Leicester City
201515–16

Fuchs, ChristianChristian Fuchs
1

03LB
Leicester City
201515–16

Morgan, WesWes Morgan
1
[25]
04CB
Leicester City
201515–16
First Caribbean International to Captain a team in winning the Premier League.

Schlupp, JeffreyJeffrey Schlupp
1
[26]
04D
Leicester City
201515–16

Drinkwater, DannyDanny Drinkwater
1

05DM
Leicester City
201515–16

Inler, GokhanGökhan Inler
1

06CM
Leicester City
201515–16

Dyer, NathanNathan Dyer
1

07W
Leicester City
201515–16

King, AndyAndy King
1
[27]
06M
Leicester City
201515–16

Albrighton, MarcMarc Albrighton
1

08LW
Leicester City
201515–16

Gray, DemaraiDemarai Gray
1

08W
Leicester City
201515–16

Mahrez, RiyadRiyad Mahrez
1
[28]
07RW
Leicester City
201515–16

Ulloa, LeonardoLeonardo Ulloa
1

10CF
Leicester City
201515–16

Okazaki, ShinjiShinji Okazaki
1

10CF
Leicester City
201515–16

Vardy, JamieJamie Vardy
1

10CF
Leicester City
201515–16

Amartey, DanielDaniel Amartey
1

04D/M
Leicester City
201515–16

De Laet, RitchieRitchie De Laet
1

04D
Leicester City
201515–16

Alonso, MarcosMarcos Alonso
1

03LB
Chelsea
201616–17

Pedro
1

07RW
Chelsea
201616–17

Luiz, DavidDavid Luiz
1

04CB
Chelsea
201616–17

Batshuayi, MichyMichy Batshuayi
1

10CF
Chelsea
201616–17

Loftus-Cheek, RubenRuben Loftus-Cheek
1

06M
Chelsea
201616–17

Chalobah, NathanielNathaniel Chalobah
1

05DM
Chelsea
201616–17

Moses, VictorVictor Moses
1

02RB
Chelsea
201616–17

Begovic, AsmirAsmir Begović
1

01GK
Chelsea
201616–17

text: Footnotes[edit]

text:
Jump up ^ http://www.dailymail.co.uk/sport/football/article-2625682/Jack-Rodwell-collects-Premier-League-winners-medal-despite-starting-just-one-game-Manchester-City.html
Jump up ^ FA Premier League Handbook 2012–13 Archived 14 March 2013 at the Wayback Machine.. Retrieved on 17 May 2013.
Jump up ^ Giggs, Ryan (February 2005), "e11evenses", The Official Manchester United Magazine, Future, no. 150, p. 38, Our first Premiership win in 1992/93 was the only time we've ever received a miniature trophy instead of a medal.
Jump up ^ Number of medals awarded to team players in that season, This not include staff (managers and their assistants).
Jump up ^ Robson was club captain, although was injured for much of the 1992–93 season, Steve Bruce deputising.
Jump up ^ Joint position with Bryan Robson
Jump up ^ David Batty was offered a medal under "special dispensation", but refused as he felt his contribution (5 games) was minimal.
Jump up ^ Although Gary Neville was still official club captain, he played 0 Premier League games through injury. Giggs was vice-captain.
^ Jump up to: a b c Bumper Go Figure: Season in Numbers, 12 May 2008, www.football365.com. Retrieved on 29 August 2008.
Jump up ^ Premier League Medal Winners 1992–93 to 2010–11
Jump up ^ Ogden, Mark and Julian Ley, English players now outnumbered by foreign legion, 13 August 2009, The Daily Telegraph. Retrieved on 18 August 2009.
Jump up ^ Statistics collated from full list of winners.
^ Jump up to: a b born in Dakar, Senegal, France international
Jump up ^ born in Cape Verde, Portuguese international
Jump up ^ born in Kinshasa, Zaire (now DR Congo), France international
Jump up ^ born in Ukraine, Russian international
Jump up ^ born in Brazil, Spanish international
Jump up ^ Jersey born, England international
Jump up ^ born in Ormskirk, Lancashire, but Australian international
Jump up ^ born in Brazil, Portuguese international
Jump up ^ Newcastle United Squad Profile: Alan Smith, nufc.premiumtv.co.uk. Retrieved on 29 August 2008.
Jump up ^ born in Calgary, Canada, England international
Jump up ^ born in Derry, Northern Ireland, Republic of Ireland international
Jump up ^ Ogden, Mark (9 February 2017). "Chelsea's N'Golo Kante should be top contender for Footballer of the Year". ESPN FC. Retrieved 15 May 2017.
Jump up ^ born in England, Jamaican international
Jump up ^ born in Germany, Ghanaian international
Jump up ^ born in England, Welsh international
Jump up ^ born in France, Algerian international

tag: ol


document_title: Dog the Bounty Hunter

question_text: who sings the theme song to dog bounty hunter

text: Dog the Bounty Hunter

text: Cast[edit]

text: The Chapman family[edit]

text:
Duane "Dog" Chapman
Beth Chapman, Dog's wife
Leland Chapman, Dog's son
Tim Chapman, Dog's "brother" not related
"Baby" Lyssa Rae Chapman, Dog's daughter (seasons 2–8)
Duane Lee Chapman Jr., Dog's son (season 2–8)
Cecily Barmore-Chapman, Beth's daughter
Justin Bihag (seasons 1–6), Dog's "nephew" not related
Garry Chapman, Beth's son
Bonnie Chapman, Beth's daughter

text: Supporting cast[edit]

text:
Sonny, bounty hunter
Wesley, office manager
Moon, Beth's best friend, Justin's mother
Richie, bounty hunter
Kaleo, bounty Hunter

text: Production[edit]

text: The program spun off from Chapman's appearance on the show Take This Job, a program about people with unusual occupations.[1] Dog the Bounty Hunter captured an audience immediately by drawing viewers into the interaction of Chapman and his family/team, mixing street smarts, romance, arguments, teamwork, adrenaline-laced arrests and a philosophy of hope and second chances.[1]

text: Viewers are taken along as Chapman and his family/team locate and arrest people who have broken the terms of their bail agreements. Bounty hunts and arrests segue into the rides to jail, during which Chapman and his team show compassion and strongly counsel the fugitives to start over, leaving behind drugs and/or crime to become dependable members of their families and society. Rounding out most episodes are scenes featuring Dog, Beth and their large family of children, grandchildren and friends.

text: As the show progressed, viewers were taken further behind the scenes during Baby Lyssa's training as a licensed bail bondswoman and bounty hunter; Dog's capture of Andrew Luster and the ensuing arrests of Chapman, Tim and Leland in Mexico; the deaths of Beth's father (Garry Smith) and Dog's oldest daughter (Barbara Katie Chapman); Chapman and Beth's 2006 wedding; Baby Lyssa's wedding and the birth of her second child; and the shock and fear of the family after Dog, Tim and Leland were arrested by federal marshals in Hawaii to await possible extradition to Mexico.

text: Chapman and Beth freely invited viewers into their lives, sharing personal stories about Chapman's 1976 imprisonment; his ex-wives and custody battles; While Chapman was serving his sentence, his first wife LaFonda filed for divorce, and married his best friend. Chapman did field work for the prison, in addition to serving as the warden’s barber. When an inmate was attempting to escape, Chapman tackled him, which prevented the escapee from being shot at by guards. This, in addition to Chapman’s overall good behavior, led to him being paroled after only 18 months. Inspired by his tackle, Chapman decided to pursue becoming a bounty hunter once released.[3] Dog was seen in 2016 making an appearance with his wife using a cane, which is surprising for the active bounty hunter we saw for so many years.[4]

text: Season 4 hiatus[edit]

text: Production and airing of the show was halted by A&E on November 2, 2007, after an audio tape was released, featuring Duane Chapman using the word "nigger" repeatedly in a discussion about the word itself with son Tucker regarding Tucker's black girlfriend's probable sensitivity to the word. Tucker had sold the tape to the National Enquirer, and it quickly was picked up by numerous print and broadcast media outlets. This media exposure led Duane to make an apology on CNN's Larry King Live for his lack of sensitivity on the matter, and vowed to educate himself and make amends. On February 19, 2008, A&E announced that the show would return.[5] Reruns of Dog the Bounty Hunter, along with never-before-seen episodes from season 4, began airing on June 25, 2008, and the show continued, along with special episodes about the arrest and fallout from the Luster situation.

text: Season 6 shooting[edit]

text: On April 21, 2009, during filming of Season 6, Chapman was allegedly shot at with a handgun while his crew, along with bail bondsman Bobby Brown, were attempting to arrest a fugitive named Hoang Nguyen in Colorado Springs, Colorado. The suspect escaped on a motorcycle and was captured by Chapman about six hours later. This is contrary to evidence shown in the A&E airing of the episode titled "Easy Rider", on December 16, 2009. According to Chapman's website and TMZ, Nguyen was arrested and charged with attempted murder related to the shooting attempt of Chapman and the Chapman family. On May 15, 2009, the El Paso County, Colorado Assistant District attorney dropped the attempted murder charge against the alleged shooter due to lack of evidence and conflicting statements by Chapman, his son Leland, and bail bondsman Bobby Brown. The prosecutors also state that they have not received the requested video footage from the incident, which was allegedly filmed by the television crew.[citation needed] In March 2011, Nguyen filed a lawsuit against Chapman, Brown, and Chapman's sons Duane Chapman II and Leland Chapman. In the lawsuit, Nguyen claims he lost his job as a result of the incident and had to relocate. He also says he was injured by pepper pellets that were allegedly fired at him. Chapman's attorney, James A. Quadra, told Celebrity Crime Reporter the lawsuit has no basis "in law or fact".[6] The lawsuit was in mediation the first week of March 2011 with a trial date on November 28, 2011.[7]

text: Lawsuit and sons quit[edit]

text: In 2011, Leland and Duane Lee quit working with their father and stepmother and severed ties with their family.[8] The March 21, 2012 episode showed Duane Lee telling Beth "You want me fired, you gotta fire me," and then Leland weighed in, saying "I quit too."[9] In January 2012, the two brothers confirmed leaving the show.[9] Leland now operates his own bail bond company on the Big Island of Hawaii and heads Bounty Hunter Tactical Supply Co.[10] while Duane Lee moved to Florida.[10] Beth tweeted, "It will take 6 weeks to get through the whole thing tonight's jus [sic] the beginning."[9]

text: In September 2011 Bobby Brown, who appeared in 30 episodes, sued A&E Television Networks, Hybrid Films, and D&D Television Productions in Colorado federal court, claiming he was promised to be a full cast member, but received only $6,000 for his contributions.[11] The lawsuit is for "the misappropriation of his publicity rights as well as claims of breach of contract and promises.[11]

text: Music[edit]

text: Heavy metal artist Ozzy Osbourne sings the show's theme song, "Dog the Bounty Hunter". The song can be heard on Osbourne's Prince of Darkness box set. Many episodes feature at least one song from a band that is either unsigned or with an independent label, usually played during an action scene. These songs are plugged at the end of each episode, following the closing credits. Several episodes in season three and four have music from New York City-based dub reggae group Subatomic Sound System's On All Frequencies album. Featured songs include: "Criminal", "Doin' It", and "Ghetto Champion". Soulja Boy's music video for "Yahhh!" includes an impersonation of "Dog Woof Woof"

text: Series overview[edit]

text: The following summarizes the original broadcast presentation:

text:
Season No.
No. of Episodes
Start Date
End Date

1[12]
17
August 31, 2004 (2004-08-31)
January 25, 2005 (2005-01-25)

2[13]
23
April 5, 2005 (2005-04-05)
January 31, 2006 (2006-01-31)

3[14]
27
March 21, 2006 (2006-03-21)
November 28, 2006 (2006-11-28)

4[15]
20
April 10, 2007 (2007-04-10)
October 29, 2008 (2008-10-29)

5
38
February 4, 2009 (2009-02-04)
September 9, 2009 (2009-09-09)

6[16]
24
December 2, 2009 (2009-12-02)
August 11, 2010 (2010-08-11)

7[17]
21
October 6, 2010 (2010-10-06)
April 6, 2011 (2011-04-06)

8[18]
23
January 4, 2012 (2012-01-04)
June 23, 2012 (2012-06-23)

text: All the hour-long episodes were split into two parts for broadcast syndication. Full episodes are shown on streaming sites and DVD.

text: DVD releases[edit]

text: Note that not all episodes have been released on DVD.

text:
DVD name
No.
Release date
Additional information

The Best of Season 1
7
January 25, 2005
Features Dog's episode of Take This Job, cast biographies and promos

The Best of Season 2
7
March 29, 2006
Features cast biographies and a pop-up dog hunting quiz

The Wedding Special
1
December 12, 2006
Features 5 featurettes titled:

The Drama of Dog's Wedding Ring
Dance Lessons
Shopping with Beth
The Bow Wow Vow
A Tribute to Dog & Beth

The Best of Season 3
8
February 27, 2007
Features a photo gallery

The Arrest
1
September 25, 2007

Features additional scenes.
Also Features The Special Double Episode Year of the Dog

The Best of Season 4
8
August 26, 2008

To Seize and Protect (The Best of Season 5)
8
September 8, 2009

Crime is on the Run (The Best of Season 6)
8
July 27, 2010

The Wild Ride Megaset
48
January 11, 2011
8-disc collection of previous releases: The Best of Seasons 1-6, The Wedding Special and The Arrest

This Family Means Business (The Best of Season 7, Part 1)
6
June 28, 2011

Christmas Has Gone to the Dog
2
October 18, 2011
Contains two Christmas-themed episodes, one from Season 3 and the other from Season 6

Taking It to the Streets (The Best of Season 7, Part 2)
4
June 12, 2012

text: Books[edit]

text: The television series led to a 2007 autobiographical book, You Can Run But You Can't Hide, which chronicles Chapman's years before becoming a bounty hunter and some of his more infamous hunts, including the controversial hunt that took him and his team to Mexico to capture serial rapist Andrew Luster. It also delves into his criminal past as well as his family background, imprisonment in Texas, marriages and children.[19][20] A second book, Where Mercy Is Shown, Mercy Is Given, was published in 2009. Its title reflects Chapman's overriding philosophy of second chances, which he writes about at length as he asks the public for a second chance of his own. The book largely deals with the fallout from two factors: the federal marshals' arrest and the scandal over his use of the word "nigger".

text: Parodies[edit]

text: Chapman has been parodied in live action productions:

text:
In Season 3, Episode 13 of Boston Legal, "Dumping Bella", Chapman is referred to by Alan as one of the only two people he truly admires and as such the only candidate besides Shirley herself to be his costume for the party.
In Season 3, Episode 9 of 30 Rock Jenna says "Now Dog the Bounty Hunter is the second grossest guy I've been with."
In Season 2, Episode 4 of The Eric Andre Show A lookalike of Dog is featured in the episode with an impersonator or George Clooney.

text: Chapman has also been parodied in both animation and print:

text:
In the American Dad! episode "Joint Custody", Roger dresses up as Chapman and tries to hunt down Jeff Fischer.
In the Family Guy episode "Something, Something, Something, Dark Side", Stewie calls a bounty hunter meeting and Chapman is briefly seen.
Chapman and the TV show were both parodied on Cartoon Network's television program, Mad, as "Frog the Bounty Hunter".[episode needed]
In the 2006 season South Park episode "Miss Teacher Bangs a Boy", Eric Cartman dressed up as Chapman and had a TV show filmed of himself, Beth and Chapman's familiar crew after he was made a school hall monitor.
In the Nickelodeon TV series The Mighty B!, Bessie's dog Happy dressed up as Chapman and tried to find the person who pulled the fire alarm at the Bee scouts' troophouse.
The song "Dog Catchers" on Insane Clown Posse's The Mighty Death Pop! is a diss to Dog the Bounty Hunter.
The series was parodied in the June 2007 issue of Mad magazine as Dud The Lousy Hunter.
In the Squidbillies episode "Fatal Distraction", Early Cuyler acquires a GPS system for his truck, which he attempts to use to hunt down Osama bin Laden. Cuyler briefly dresses as Chapman to pursue bin Laden before "calling it a night" and going to a strip club.
There's also an obvious parody to the "Dog" character in the Simpsons episode named "Sex, Pies and Idiot Scrapes" where a character named "Wolf, the Bounty Hunter" is hired by Lucky Jim to hunt down Gil Gunderson.
Dog and his show were referred to in a 2015 episode of Last Week Tonight with John Oliver which was satirically critical of the American bail system.