document_title: Samantha Taggart

question_text: what episode of er does sam get kidnapped

root

text: Samantha Taggart

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tag: table

text:
Samantha Taggart

Linda Cardellini as Sam Taggart

First appearance
October 30, 2003
(10x05, "Out of Africa")

Last appearance
April 2, 2009
(15x22, "And In the End...")

Portrayed by
Linda Cardellini

Duration
2003–09

Information

Nickname(s)
Sam

Gender
Female

Occupation
ED

Title
Charge Nurse (2003–present)

Family
Mary Taggart (mother)
Kelly (sister)
Gracie (grandmother)
Tony Gates (boyfriend)

Children
Alex Taggart

text: Samantha "Sam" Taggart is a fictional character on the NBC television drama ER. She is played by actress Linda Cardellini. Linda Cardellini's addition into the main cast opening credits was in the 5th episode of season 10.

tag: p

text: Precursor[edit]

text: Sam is a nurse and single mother; she has a son, Alex (played first by Oliver Davis, later by Dominic Janes). Alex was born when she was fifteen; she has had to raise him mostly on her own. She comes from a family of losers and alcoholics; her anger towards Abby Lockhart in Season 14 when Abby tells the staff she had a relapse while working is explained when she tells Abby that she came from a long line of drunks who never tried to stop drinking.

text: Life at County and career[edit]

text: Viewers first meet Sam in the Season 10 episode "Out of Africa," where she distinguishes herself by quickly and effectively giving an intravenous sedative to an unruly patient, even impressing the usually stubborn Dr. Romano. Sam shows herself to be an assertive, experienced, and talented nurse throughout the episode, though she loses her professionalism a bit when she discovers Dr. Luka Kovač's unknowing part in her son Alex's diabetic fit while he befriends the boy. She replaces Abby Lockhart who was head nurse, but decided to become a doctor instead. Her no nonsense attitude had gotten her in trouble early on. In the episode "Death and Taxes", she hid Dr. Robert Romano's mechanical hand after accusing the ER Chief of touching her inappropriately with the device. In addition, in the episode "Impulse Control", she punches an assault victim's abusive boyfriend in the face when he threatens her as she tries to call the police, but overcomes Dr. Kerry Weaver's knee-jerk lack of support and helps the abuse victim follow through on pressing charges.

text: Sam soon notices a bond between Alex and Luka. Though initially uncomfortable with Luka's involvement with Alex, Sam eventually accepts it and becomes good friends with Luka. Later, a romantic relationship develops. Unexpectedly, Alex's father, Steve (played by Cole Hauser), returns and attempts to push Luka out of their lives. When she discovers Steve might stay permanently, Sam panics, packs up, and runs away. Before doing so, however, Luka runs to her, trying to get information from her as to why was she is doing this. Ignoring him and his slams on the car, fighting tears, she drives away. Sam has had a history of picking up and moving around the country to escape Steve. She worries that he will ruin her and Alex's life and that they cannot coexist with Steve.

text: She does come back thanks to Luka who finds her at a motel and brings her back. They move in together. Throughout season 11, Sam and Luka lived together, and Luka was a surrogate father for Alex, even going and meeting with a school official after Alex got caught with an issue of MAXIM magazine. At the end of season 11, Alex runs away to find Steve (now played by Garret Dillahunt), by hitchhiking after a confrontation with Sam. He is out to find Steve in Colorado, even though Sam has hidden the fact Steve is there because he is in jail on robbery charges. Luka and Sam are frantically searching for him in the opener of season 12. Sam is desperately worried about Alex because of his diabetes, and his lack of insulin could have resulted in a coma or even death. Sam immediately gets in the car and drives non-stop to Colorado. Luka worries about Sam because they have been driving non-stop, and even hit a deer which completely destroys the windshield. Sam and Luka finally find an exhausted but stable Alex at a Canon City hospital, where he claims he's okay and that he knows how to take care of himself. At this point, Sam realizes her relationship with Luka is not going to work; her personal life is too hectic for him to deal with, the two of them have communication problems, and Luka's special bond with Alex has been eclipsed by Alex's knowledge that his father is in jail. Sam breaks up with Luka awkwardly near the beginning of Season 12. Several episodes later, though, they appear to be friends again.

text: She met and immediately befriended Dr. John Carter upon his return from Africa, happy to "put a face to the name".

text: Later in season 12, a wealthy patient named Richard Elliot (played by Armand Assante) enters the ER. He suffers from a debilitating disease in where he needs an in-home nurse. He takes a liking to Sam and offers her a well-paid position as head nurse. He assures her that she would still be able to keep her job in the ER, and invites her and Alex to live in a section of his mansion for convenience. She denies at first, but upon discovering that Alex cannot be in the tutoring program due to lack of funds, she visits Elliot's home and asks if the offer still stands.

text: In the 12th season finale, "21 Guns", Steve, an EMT Student named Mary and another prisoner named Rafe hatch an escape plot: Steve and Rafe injuring themselves and then escaping from the hospital. They stab Luka with a syringe as Sam looks on in horror. Because the syringe contained a paralyzing drug that would have led to his death, Sam steps in and treats him in spite of the prisoners' threats, saying she is going to make sure he doesn't die regardless of what they say; Steve makes his partners back off long enough for Sam to intubate Luka. They proceed to start shooting throughout the hospital once police catch on, using Sam as a hostage. Jerry Markovic is hurt in the shooting. Steve drags Sam outside, towards the getaway van. She begs him, "Think about Alex!" but as it turns out, he already had, and Alex is tied up inside the van. Sam immediately gets in the van after seeing Alex, and later, Steve tells her that God spoke to him, and told him he had to get his family back together. With Sam and Alex as hostages, the three attempt to make an escape to Canada.

text: However, in the 13th season premiere, "Bloodline," the escape hits a few obstacles; Sam attempts to get help, and a police officer chases after the group, ending with the officer's (presumed) death. As the three argue about the escape plan, Steve shoots and kills Rafe and Mary, leaving only Steve, Sam and Alex. Steve tells Sam that he would rather have himself, Sam and Alex dead than apart, and then proceeds to rape Sam. Some time after, Sam, lying next to a sleeping Steve, proceeds to make her getaway with Alex. As she is about to escape, however, she returns to the still sleeping Steve, grabs his gun and kills him.

text: The next morning, she and Alex drive back to Chicago. Tired and panicked from her ordeal, she contacts Richard Elliot, who gets her an attorney, and instructs Sam to tell everyone she was raped by Steve and later killed him in self-defense. Despite an assistant District Attorney's suspicions that Sam is lying, Elliot, through his close friendship with highly placed city officials, manages to get Steve's death listed as a justifiable homicide, thus ending Sam's legal troubles. In "Somebody To Love", Alex tells Sam he saw her shoot Steve to death.

text: In the remaining episodes of Season 13, Alex results in telling his friend that his dad will die, relating to the trauma of his own dad's death. He also steals a credit card from Archie Morris, and (accidentally) sets their apartment on fire by playing with alcohol. Sam reluctantly sends Alex to a school for at-risk youth, and reports to her ER colleagues that he is doing better every day. Professionally, Sam has started training as a nurse anesthetist.

text: Sam's relationship with Abby Lockhart goes through several phases in Season 14; she initially tries to comfort her when Abby's two-year-old son Joe suffers a head injury, but later treats her with anger and disgust when she finds out Abby is an alcoholic who recently had a severe relapse after several years of sobriety. The two mend fences, however, and during her last shift at County in "The Book of Abby", Abby fiercely defends Sam to the board (who are investigating her) saying to Sam, "nurses have gotta stick together."

text: At the end of "The Chicago Way," it is implied that either Samantha or Dr. Greg Pratt entered a booby-trapped ambulance. The subsequent explosion resulted in a season-ending cliffhanger. The Season 15 opener, "Life after Death", revealed that Dr. Greg Pratt was in the ambulance and later died from injuries sustained in the blast.

text: Towards the end of Season 14, Sam begins a relationship with Dr. Tony Gates. Their relationship progresses and they end up moving in together in Season 15. After Alex was seriously injured in a car accident after Tony overruled Sam by allowing Alex to go out, their relationship deteriorates and Sam eventually decides to move out, thus ending the relationship, despite Tony's multiple apologies. Things are frosty between them as Sam cannot forgive Tony, however she admits to Chuny that she still loves him but forbids her from telling anyone.

text: In "A Long, Strange Trip", Sam was reunited with younger sister Kelly (played by Shannon Woodward), now a successful fashion designer, for the first time since their mother kicked Sam out when she was a pregnant 15-year-old. Kelly tells Sam how their mother is dying of emphysema, and after reminiscing about their childhood, Sam relents and agrees to allow Kelly to move their mother to a Chicago nursing home. Sam sees her mother for the first time in 15 years in the episode "T Minus 6", but Mary Taggart does not recognise her daughter. In the next episode, Sam is shown visiting her mother in the nursing home, where they argue about why Sam lost contact with her family, before Mary asks Sam about her son.

text: In the Season 15 episode "Old Times", Sam accompanies Neela to Seattle to pick up a heart for a transplant in Chicago. She briefly met Carol Hathaway and Dr. Doug Ross who revealed how they used to work at County.

text: In the series finale "And in the End," the staff celebrates her birthday and Alex delivers her present: a bright red vintage Ford Mustang convertible, which Tony Gates bought and fixed up with Alex's help. When she and Tony witness a husband losing his wife (and the description of his daughter about how he never lost his love for her despite her very negative and critical ways clearely resonates with Sam), they hold each other's hands, hinting that they might rekindle their relationship.


document_title: The Bold and the Beautiful cast members

question_text: who plays will on the bold and beautiful

text: The Bold and the Beautiful cast members

text: Current cast members

text: Main cast

text:
Actor

Character

Duration

Ref

Kiara Barnes

Zoe Buckingham

2018–

[4]

Adain Bradley

Alexander Avant

2018–

[5]

Darin Brooks

Wyatt Spencer

2013–

[6]

Scott Clifton

Liam Spencer

2010–

[7]

Don Diamont

Bill Spencer, Jr.

2009–

[8]

Jennifer Gareis

Donna Logan

2006–

[9][10]

Courtney Hope

Sally Spectra

2017–

[11][12][13]

Thorsten Kaye

Ridge Forrester

2013–

[14][15]

Katherine Kelly Lang

Brooke Logan

1987–

[2]

John McCook

Eric Forrester

1987–

[3]

Alley Mills

Pamela Douglas

2006–

[16]

Karla Mosley

Maya Avant

2013–

[17]

Annika Noelle

Hope Logan

2018–

[18][19][20]

Ingo Rademacher

Thorne Forrester

2017–

[21][22]

Nia Sioux

Emma Barber

2018–

[23]

Rena Sofer

Quinn Fuller

2013–

[24]

Aaron D. Spears

Justin Barber

2009–

[25][26]

Heather Tom

Katie Logan

2007–

[27]

Jacqueline MacInnes Wood

Steffy Forrester

2008–13, 2015–

[28][29][30]

text: Recurring cast

text:
Actor

Character

Duration

Ref

Obba Babatundé

Julius Avant

2015–

[31]

Kimberlin Brown

Sheila Carter

1992–98, 2002–03, 2017–

[32][33]

Ian Buchanan

Dr. James Warwick

1993–99, 2004, 2007–11, 2017–

[34][35]

Mick Cain

C.J. Garrison

1997–2004, 2007, 2010, 2017–

Crystal Chappell

Danielle Spencer

2012–

[36]

Dick Christie

Charlie Webber

2013–

Othello Clark

Othello

2011–

[37]

Andrew Collins

Jarrett Maxwell

2004–

[38]

Reign Edwards

Nicole Avant

2015–

[39][40]

Finnegan George

Will Spencer

2018–

[41]

Courtney Grosbeck

Coco Spectra

2017–

[42]

Theodora Greece

Alison Montgomery

2011–

Jacqueline Hahn

Dr. Caspary

2005–

Jon Hensley

Dr. Meade

2012–

[43]

Anna Maria Horsford

Vivienne Avant

2015–

[31]

Dan Martin

Lieutenant Baker

1997–

[38]

Chris McKenna

Dr. Hayden

2016–

[44][45]

Zach Rance

Zach

2014–

[46]

Lawrence Saint-Victor

Carter Walton

2013–

[47]

Rodney Saulsberry

Anthony Wallace

2010–

[38]

Scott Turner Schofield

Nick

2015–

[48]

Tigerlily and Ginger Siler

Rosie Forrester

2011–

Taja V. Simpson

Adele

2012–

[49]

Hunter Tylo

Taylor Hayes

1990–2002, 2004, 2005–14, 2018–

[50]

Jeremy Ray Valdez

Detective Sanchez

2018–

[51]

Sandra Vergara

Theresa Corazon

2013–

Stephanie Wang

Madison Lee

2007–

Fred Willard

John Forrester

2014–

[52]

Jacob Young

Rick Forrester

1997–99, 2011–

[53][54]

Andres Zuno

Rafael

2013–

text: Former cast members

text:
Actor
Character
Duration
Ref

Zane Achor
Will Spencer
2013–18
[41]

Marla Adams
Beth Logan
1991

Luigi Amodeo
Lorenzo Barelli
2002–03

Justin Baldoni
Graham Darros
2010

Judith Baldwin
Beth Logan
1987

Texas Battle
Marcus Forrester
2008–13

Kabir Bedi
Prince Omar Rashid
1994–95, 2005

Brandon Beemer
Owen Knight  Casper Knight
2008–12  2009

Drew Tyler Bell
Thomas Forrester
2004–10

Paulo Benedeti
Antonio Dominguez
2001–02, 2012–13, 2017
[55]

Tracey E. Bregman
Lauren Fenmore Baldwin
1992–99, 2002, 2004, 2007

Ashleigh Brewer
Ivy Forrester
2014–18
[56][57]

Peter Brown
Blake Hayes
1991–92

Sarah Joy Brown
Agnes Jones
2009–11

Agnes Bruckner
Bridget Forrester
1997–99

Sabrina Bryan
Alisa Cordova
2002

Nancy Burnett
Beth Logan
1987–89, 1994, 1996–98, 2000–01

Sarah G. Buxton
Morgan DeWitt
2000–01, 2005

Ashley Lyn Cafagna
Kimberly Fairchild
1998–2001

Brian Patrick Clarke
Storm Logan (#2)
1990–91

Robert Clary
Pierre Jourdan
1988–89

Darlene Conley
Sally Spectra
1989–2006

Felisha Cooper
Sasha Thompson
2015–17
[58]

Mace Coronel
R.J. Forrester
2013–14
[55]

Barbara Crampton
Maggie Forrester
1995–98

Patrika Darbo
Shirley Spectra
2017–18
[11][12][59]

Eileen Davidson
Ashley Abbott
2007–08

Tamara Davies
Tricia Quick
2002-03

Michelle Davison
Ruthanne Owens
1991–93, 1995, 1997

William deVry
Storm Logan
2006–08, 2012

Michael Dietz
Mark Maclaine
2002–05

Lesley-Anne Down
Jackie Marone
2003–12

Courtnee Draper
Mary Warwick
2002

Patrick Duffy
Stephen Logan
2006–11

Bobbie Eakes
Macy Alexander
1989–2000, 2001, 2002-03

Andrea Evans
Tawny Moore
1999–2000, 2010–11

Kayla Ewell
Caitlin Ramirez
2004–05

Jennifer Finnigan
Bridget Forrester
2000–03

Susan Flannery
Stephanie Forrester
1987–2012

Rome Flynn
Zende Forrester Dominguez
2015–17
[60][61]

Pierson Fodé
Thomas Forrester
2015–18
[62][63][64]

Adrienne Frantz
Amber Moore  April Knight
1997–2005, 2010–12  2003
[65][66]

Brian Gaskill
Oscar Marone
2003–04

Bryan Genesse
Rocco Carner
1987–89, 2009

Frank and Morgan Gingerich
Jack Marone
2010–11

Linsey Godfrey
Caroline Spencer
2012–18
[67]

Ricky Paull Goldin
Jesse Graves
2013

Charles Grant
Grant Chambers
1996–98

Adam Gregory
Thomas Forrester
2010–13, 2014

Dax Griffin
Shane McGrath
2006–07

Ken Hanes
Mike Guthrie
1993–98, 2010

Winsor Harmon
Thorne Forrester
1996–2016
[68][69][70]

Emily Harrison
Bridget Forrester
2004

Rick Hearst
Whipple Jones
2002, 2009–11

Danube Hermosillo
Darlita
2017–18
[11][12][71]

Ben Hogestyn
Harry Jackson
2006

Addison Hoover
Phoebe Forrester
2005–06

Alex Hoover
Steffy Forrester
2005–06

Jack Horan
R.J. Forrester
2011

Mykel Shannon Jenkins
Charlie Baker
2007–09, 2012

Joanna Johnson
Caroline Spencer Forrester  Karen Spencer
1987–90, 2001  1991–94, 2009, 2011–14

Ashley Jones
Bridget Forrester
2004–12, 2013, 2015, 2016, 2018
[72]

Sean Kanan
Deacon Sharpe
2000–05, 2012, 2014–2017
[73]

Lesli Kay
Felicia Forrester
2005–11, 2012, 2013, 2014, 2016
[55]

Lauren Koslow
Margo Maclaine Lynley
1987–92, 2002

Lorenzo Lamas
Hector Ramirez
2004–06

Teri Ann Linn
Kristen Forrester
1987–90, 1992–94

Kristolyn Lloyd
Dayzee Leigh Forrester
2010–13
[74][75]

Mario Lopez
Dr. Christian Ramirez
2006

Kyle Lowder
Rick Forrester
2007–11

Constantine Maroulis
Constantine Parros
2007

A Martinez
Dr. Ramon Montgomery
2011–12

Joseph Mascolo
Massimo Marone
2001–06

Kim Matula
Hope Logan
2010–14, 2015, 2016
[76][77][78][79]

MacKenzie Mauzy
Phoebe Forrester
2006–08

Todd McKee
Jake Maclaine
1990–92, 2007–13, 2015–16, 2018

Daniel McVicar
Clarke Garrison
1987–92, 1996–2009

Tracy Melchior
Kristen Forrester
2001–06, 2008–09, 2012–13
[55]

Lilly Melgar
Claudia Cortez
1996-97

Carrie Mitchum
Donna Logan
1987–91, 1994, 1995, 1996, 2001

Ronn Moss
Ridge Forrester
1987–2012
[80][81]

Dylan Neal
Dylan Shaw
1994–97

Clayton Norcross
Thorne Forrester
1987–89

Ashlyn Pearce
Alexandria Forrester
2013–15
[82][83][84]

Sydney Penny
Samantha Kelly
2003–05

Robert Pine
Stephen Logan
1988, 1994, 1996, 1997–98, 2001

Lindsay Price
Michael Lai
1995–97

Usher Raymond
Raymond
1999

Robin Riker
Beth Logan
2008–10

Victor Rivers
Ricardo Montemayor
2013–14

Chris Robinson
Jack Hamilton
1992-94, 1996, 1997, 1998, 1999, 2000, 2001, 2002, 2005

Gina Rodriguez
Beverly
2011–12

Jane A. Rogers
Julie DeLorean
1990–92

Antonio Sabàto Jr.
Dante Damiano
2005–06

Francisco San Martin
Mateo
2017
[85]

Colleen Dion-Scotti
Felicia Forrester
1990–92, 1997, 2004

Mary Sheldon
Donna Logan
1991

Nancy Sloan
Katie Logan
1987–89, 1991, 1994–96, 1997–98, 2000, 2001, 2003, 2004

Hillary B. Smith
Dr. Stacy Barton
2012

Jim Storm
Bill Spencer, Sr.
1987–94, 1997, 2000, 2003, 2009

Michael Swan
Adam Alexander
1998–2000, 2001, 2002–03

Marissa Tait
Becky Moore
1999-2000

Justin Torkildsen
Rick Forrester
1999–2006

Jeff Trachta
Thorne Forrester
1989–96

Anthony Turpel
R.J. Forrester
2016–18
[86]

Sandra Vidal
Sofia Alonso
2001–03

Lark Voorhies
Jasmine Malone
1995–96

Jack Wagner
Nick Marone
2003–12

Maitland Ward
Jessica Forrester
1994–96

Chris Warren Jr.
Jimmy Ramirez
2004–05

Ethan Wayne
Storm Logan
1987–89, 1994, 1997–98, 2000, 2001, 2003

Betty White
Ann Douglas
2006–07, 2008, 2009

Fred Willard
John Forrester
2014–15

Shanelle Workman
Gabriela Moreno
2005

Alex Wyse
Saul Feinberg
2017–18

[11][12][59]

text: Deceased cast members

text:
Actor
Character
Date of Death

Michael Fox
Saul Feinberg
June 1, 1996

Philip O'Brien
Minister / Rev. Marshall
January 9, 1999

Steve Allen
Himself
October 30, 2000

Lesley Woods
Grandma Helen Logan
August 2, 2003

Sandy Ward
Det. Roy Banks
March 6, 2005

Frank Gorshin
George
May 17, 2005

James Doohan
Damon Warwick
July 20, 2005  [87]

Perry Stephens
Steve Crown
September 8, 2005 [88]

Mark Roberts
Dr. Adams / Dr. Reston
January 5, 2006

Michelle Davison
Ruthanne Owens
April 2, 2006

Ric Mancini
Vendor #1
May 26, 2006

Don Snell
Clerk
December 2, 2006

Darlene Conley
Sally Spectra
January 14, 2007

Luciano Giancarlo
Waiter
July 16, 2007

Charlton Heston
Himself
April 5, 2008

Patricia Place
Nurse Busch
September 20, 2008

Richard Blackwell
Himself
October 19, 2008

Douglas Barcellos
Rico
December 24, 2008

Dick Gjonola
Wayne Garfield
October 25, 2009

Christopher Cazenove
Himself
April 7, 2010

Don Ross
Charles Barnes
January 15, 2011

Jeff Conaway
Mick Savage
May 27, 2011 [89]

Frank Marocco
Musician
March 3, 2012

Kathryn Joosten
Herself
June 2, 2012

Holly Lewis
Gladys' assistant
June 22, 2012

Phyllis Diller
Gladys Pope
August 20, 2012 [90][91]

Michael Clarke Duncan
Slash
September 3, 2012

Karen Kim
Maya
October 21, 2012

Zheng Cao
Herself
February 21, 2013

Jeanne Cooper
Katherine Chancellor
May 8, 2013

Jerry Ayres
Conway Weston, P.I.
May 14, 2013 [92]

Kirk Scott
Frank Leonard
November 16, 2013

Tony Genaro
Luis
May 7, 2014

Matthew Cowles
Curtis Love
May 22, 2014

Bern Bennett
Announcer
May 29, 2014

John Brandon
Ben Maclaine
August 25, 2014

R. J. Adams
David Johns Esq.
January 26, 2015

Jayne Meadows
Herself
April 26, 2015

John Carter
Richard Baker
May 23, 2015

Peter Brown
Blake Hayes
March 21, 2016

Anthony Addabbo
Tony "Rush" Carrera/Jonny Carrera
October 18, 2016

Joseph Mascolo
Massimo Marone
December 8, 2016

Alan Thicke
Rich Ginger
December 13, 2016

Erin Moran
Kelly DeMartin
April 22, 2017

Bruce Gray
Judge Morrissey
December 13, 2017

Joseph Campanella
Jonathan Young
May 16, 2018


document_title: Capital punishment in the United Kingdom

question_text: when was the last person executed in the uk

question_tokens: when was the last person executed in the uk

text: Capital punishment in the United Kingdom

text: Background[edit]

text: Sir Samuel Romilly, speaking to the House of Commons on capital punishment in 1810, declared that "[there is] no country on the face of the earth in which there [have] been so many different offences according to law to be punished with death as in England".[2] Known as the "Bloody Code", at its height the criminal law included some 220 crimes punishable by death, including "being in the company of Gypsies for one month", "strong evidence of malice in a child aged 7–14 years of age" and "blacking the face or using a disguise whilst committing a crime".  Many of these offences had been introduced to protect the property of the wealthy classes that emerged during the first half of the 18th century, a notable example being the Black Act of 1723, which created 50 capital offences for various acts of theft and poaching.[citation needed] Crimes eligible for the death penalty included shoplifting and stealing sheep, cattle, and horses, and before abolition of the death penalty for theft in 1832, "English law was notorious for prescribing the death penalty for a vast range of offenses as slight as the theft of goods valued at twelve pence."[3]

text: Whilst executions for murder, burglary and robbery were common, the death sentences for minor offenders were often not carried out. A sentence of death could be commuted or respited (permanently postponed) for reasons such as benefit of clergy, official pardons, pregnancy of the offender or performance of military or naval duty.[4] Between 1770 and 1830, an estimated 35,000 death sentences were handed down in England and Wales, of which 7,000 executions were carried out.[5]

text: Reform[edit]

text: This section needs additional citations for verification. Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. (November 2013) (Learn how and when to remove this template message)

text: In 1808 Romilly had the death penalty removed for pickpockets and lesser offenders, starting a process of reform that continued over the next 50 years. The death penalty was mandatory (although it was frequently commuted by the government) until the Judgement of Death Act 1823 gave judges the power to commute the death penalty except for treason and murder. The Punishment of Death, etc. Act 1832 reduced the number of capital crimes by two-thirds. In 1832, the death penalty was abolished for theft, counterfeiting, and forgery except for the forgery of wills and certain powers of attorney.[3][6] Gibbeting was abolished in 1832 and hanging in chains was abolished in 1834. In 1837, the death penalty for forging wills and powers of attorney was abolished. The death penalty for rape was abolished in 1841.[7] In 1861, several acts of Parliament (24 & 25 Vict; c. 94 to c. 100) further reduced the number of civilian capital crimes to five: murder, treason, espionage, arson in royal dockyards, and piracy with violence; there were other offences under military law. The death penalty remained mandatory for treason and murder unless commuted by the monarch.

text: The Royal Commission on Capital Punishment 1864–66[8] concluded (with dissenting Commissioners) that there was not a case for abolition but recommended an end to public executions. This proposal was included in the Capital Punishment Amendment Act 1868. From that date executions in Great Britain were carried out only in prisons. The punishment of beheading and quartering those executed for treason was abolished in 1870.[9] The last application of that punishment had been in 1820 and the last sentence to the punishment had been in 1839.[10][11]

text: In 1908, the Children Act 1908 banned the execution of juveniles under the age of 16. In 1922 a new offence of Infanticide was introduced to replace the charge of murder for mothers killing their children in the first year of life. In 1930 a parliamentary Select Committee recommended that capital punishment be suspended for a trial period of five years, but no action was taken. From 1931 pregnant women could no longer be hanged (following the birth of their child) although in practice since the 18th century their sentences had always been commuted.

text: In 1933 the minimum age for capital punishment was raised to 18 under the Children and Young Persons Act 1933. The last known execution by the civilian courts of a person under 18 was that of Charles Dobel, 17, hanged at Maidstone together with his accomplice William Gower, 18, in January 1889. Harold Wilkins, at 16 years old, was the last juvenile sentenced to the death penalty in the United Kingdom, in 1932 for a sexually related murder, but he was reprieved due to age.[12]

text: In 1938 the issue of the abolition of capital punishment was brought before parliament. A clause within the Criminal Justice Bill called for an experimental five-year suspension of the death penalty. When war broke out in 1939 the bill was postponed. It was revived after the war and to everyone's surprise was adopted by a majority in the House of Commons (245 to 222). In the House of Lords the abolition clause was defeated but the remainder of the bill was passed. Popular support for abolition was absent and the government decided that it would be inappropriate for it to assert its supremacy by invoking the Parliament Acts 1911 and 1949 over such an unpopular issue.

text: Instead, then Home Secretary, James Chuter Ede, set up a new Royal Commission (the Royal Commission on Capital Punishment, 1949–1953) with instructions to determine "whether the liability to suffer capital punishment should be limited or modified". The Commission's report discussed a number of alternatives to execution by hanging (including the electric chair, gas inhalation, lethal injection, shooting, and the guillotine), but rejected them. It had more difficulty with the principle of capital punishment. Popular opinion believed that the death penalty acted as a deterrent to criminals, but the statistics within the report were inconclusive. Whilst the report recommended abolition from an ethical standpoint, it made no mention of possible miscarriages of justice. The public had by then expressed great dissatisfaction with the verdict in the case of Timothy Evans, who was tried and hanged in 1950 for murdering his infant daughter. It later transpired in 1953 that John Christie had strangled at least six women in the same house; he also confessed to killing Timothy's wife. If the jury in Evans's trial had known this, Evans may have been acquitted. There were other cases in the same period where doubts arose over convictions and subsequent hangings, such as the notorious case of Derek Bentley.

text: The commission concluded that unless there was overwhelming public support in favour of abolition, the death penalty should be retained.

text: Between 1900 and 1949, 621 men and 11 women were executed in England and Wales. Ten German agents were executed during the First World War under the Defence of the Realm Act 1914,[13] and 16 spies were executed during the Second World War under the Treachery Act 1940.[14]

text: By 1957 a number of controversial cases highlighted the issue of capital punishment again. Campaigners for abolition were partially rewarded with the Homicide Act 1957. The Act brought in a distinction between capital and non-capital murder. Only six categories of murder were now punishable by execution:

text:
in the course or furtherance of theft
by shooting or causing an explosion
while resisting arrest or during an escape
of a police officer
of a prison officer by a prisoner
the second of two murders committed on different occasions (if both done in Great Britain).

tag: ul

text: The police and the government were of the opinion that the death penalty deterred offenders from carrying firearms and it was for this reason that such offences remained punishable by death.

text: Abolition[edit]

text: In 1965 the Labour MP Sydney Silverman, who had committed himself to the cause of abolition for longer than 20 years, introduced a Private Member's Bill to suspend the death penalty for murder. It was passed on a free vote in the House of Commons by 200 votes to 98. The bill was subsequently passed by the House of Lords by 204 votes to 104.[16][17] Silverman was opposed in the General Election 1966 in the Nelson and Colne constituency by Patrick Downey, the uncle of Lesley Anne Downey, a victim in the Moors murders case, who stood on an explicitly pro-hanging platform. Downey polled over 5,000 votes, 13.7%, then the largest vote for a genuinely independent candidate since 1945.[18]

text: The Murder (Abolition of Death Penalty) Act 1965 suspended the death penalty in Great Britain (but not in Northern Ireland) for murder for a period of five years, and substituted a mandatory sentence of life imprisonment; it further provided that if, before the expiry of the five-year suspension, each House of Parliament passed a resolution to make the effect of the Act permanent, then it would become permanent. In 1969 the Home Secretary, James Callaghan, proposed a motion to make the Act permanent, which was carried in the Commons on 16 December 1969,[19] and a similar motion was carried in the Lords on 18 December.[20] The death penalty for murder was abolished in Northern Ireland on 25 July 1973 under the Northern Ireland (Emergency Provisions) Act 1973.

text: Following the abolition of the death penalty for murder, the House of Commons held a vote during each subsequent parliament until 1997 to restore the death penalty. This motion was always defeated, but the death penalty remained for other crimes until the dates mentioned below:

text:
causing a fire or explosion in a naval dockyard, ship, magazine or warehouse (until 1971);
espionage[21] (until 1981);
piracy with violence (until 1998);
treason (until 1998); and
certain purely military offences under the jurisdiction of the armed forces, such as mutiny[22] (until 1998). Prior to its complete abolition in 1998, it was available for six offences:
serious misconduct in action;
assisting the enemy;
obstructing operations;
giving false air signals;
mutiny or incitement to mutiny; and
failure to suppress a mutiny with intent to assist the enemy.

tag: ol

text: However, no executions were carried out in the United Kingdom for any of these offences after the abolition of the death penalty for murder.

text: Nevertheless, there remained a working gallows at HMP Wandsworth, London, until 1994, which was tested every six months until 1992. This gallows is now housed in the Galleries of Justice in Nottingham.[23]

text: Last executions[edit]

text: England and in the United Kingdom: on 13 August 1964, Peter Anthony Allen, at Walton Prison in Liverpool, and Gwynne Owen Evans, at Strangeways Prison in Manchester, were executed for the murder of John Alan West on 7 April that year.[24]

text: Scotland: Henry John Burnett, 21, on 15 August 1963 in Craiginches Prison, Aberdeen, for the murder of seaman Thomas Guyan.

text: Northern Ireland: Robert McGladdery, 26, on 20 December 1961 in Crumlin Road Gaol, Belfast, for the murder of Pearl Gamble.

text: Wales: Vivian Teed, 24, in Swansea on 6 May 1958, for the murder of William Williams, sub-postmaster of Fforestfach Post Office.[25]

text: Last death sentences[edit]

text: Northern Ireland and the United Kingdom: Liam Holden in 1973 in Northern Ireland, for the capital murder of a British soldier during the Troubles. Holden was removed from the death cell in May 1973.[26] In 2012 his conviction was quashed on appeal on the grounds that his confession was obtained by torture.[27]

text: England: David Chapman, who was sentenced to hang in November 1965 for the murder of a swimming pool nightwatchman in Scarborough. He was released from prison in 1979 and later died in a car accident.

text: Scotland: Patrick McCarron in 1964 for shooting his wife. He committed suicide in prison in 1970.

text: Wales: Edgar Black, who was reprieved on 6 November 1963. He had shot his wife's lover in Cardiff.

text: Final abolition[edit]

text: The Criminal Damage Act 1971 abolished the offence of arson in royal dockyards.

text: The Naval Discipline Act 1957 reduced the scope of capital espionage from "all spies for the enemy" to spies on naval ships or bases.[28] Later, the Armed Forces Act 1981 abolished the death penalty for espionage.[29] (The Official Secrets Act 1911 had created another offence of espionage which carried a maximum sentence of fourteen years.)

text: Beheading was abolished as a method of execution for treason in 1973.[30] Hanging, however, remained available until 1998 when, under a House of Lords amendment to the Crime and Disorder Act 1998, proposed by Lord Archer of Sandwell, the death penalty was abolished for treason and piracy with violence, replacing it with a discretionary maximum sentence of life imprisonment. These were the last civilian offences punishable by death.

text: On 20 May 1998 the House of Commons voted to ratify the 6th Protocol of the European Convention on Human Rights prohibiting capital punishment except "in time of war or imminent threat of war". The last remaining provisions for the death penalty under military jurisdiction (including in wartime) were removed when section 21(5) of the Human Rights Act 1998 came into force on 9 November 1998. On 10 October 2003, effective from 1 February 2004,[31] the UK acceded to the 13th Protocol, which prohibits the death penalty in all circumstances.[32]

text: As a legacy from colonial times, several states in the West Indies still had the British Judicial Committee of the Privy Council as the court of final appeal; although the death penalty has been retained in these states, the Privy Council would sometimes delay or deny executions. Some of these states severed links with the British court system in 2001 by transferring the responsibilities of the Privy Council to the Caribbean Court of Justice, to speed up executions.[33]

text: Crown dependencies[edit]

text: Although not part of the United Kingdom, the Isle of Man and the bailiwicks of Guernsey and Jersey are British Crown dependencies.

text: In the Channel Islands, the last death sentence was passed in 1984; the last execution in the Channel Islands was in Jersey on 9 October 1959, when Francis Joseph Huchet was hanged for murder.[34] The Human Rights (Amendment) (Jersey) Order 2006[35] amends the Human Rights (Jersey) Law 2000[36] to give effect to the 13th Protocol of the European Convention on Human Rights providing for the total abolition of the death penalty. Both of these laws came into effect on 10 December 2006. Capital punishment was abolished in Guernsey in 2003, and the 13th Protocol was extended to Guernsey in April 2004. Sark (which is part of Guernsey but has its own laws) formally retained it until January 2004, when the Chief Pleas in a 14–9 vote removed it from the statutes.[37][38]

text: The last execution on the Isle of Man took place in 1872, when John Kewish was hanged for patricide. Capital punishment was not formally abolished by Tynwald (the island's parliament) until 1993.[39] Five persons were sentenced to death (for murder) on the Isle of Man between 1973 and 1992, although all sentences were commuted to life imprisonment. The last person to be sentenced to death in the UK or its dependencies was Anthony Teare, who was convicted at the Manx Court of General Gaol Delivery in Douglas for contract murder in 1992; he was subsequently retried and sentenced to life imprisonment in 1994.[40] In 2004 the 13th Protocol was adopted,[41] with an effective date of 1 November 2006.[42]

text: Overseas territories[edit]

text: Like the Crown dependencies, the British overseas territories are constitutionally not part of the United Kingdom. However, the British government's ultimate responsibility for good governance of the territories has led it over recent years to pursue a policy of revoking all statutory provision for the death penalty in those territories where it had up until recently been legal.

text: The last executions in an overseas territory, and indeed the last on British soil, took place in Bermuda in 1977, when two men, Larry Tacklyn and Erskine Burrows, were hanged for the 1973 murder of the territory's then Governor Sir Richard Sharples.[43]

text: In 1991, the British government extended an Order in Council to its Caribbean territories the effect of which was to abolish capital punishment for murder: Anguilla, the British Virgin Islands, the Cayman Islands, Montserrat and the Turks and Caicos Islands.[44]

text: The British government was unable to extend the abolition via Order in Council to Bermuda, the UK's most autonomous overseas territory with powers of almost total self-governance—but warned that if voluntary abolition was not forthcoming it would be forced to consider the unprecedented step of "whether to impose abolition by means of an Act of Parliament".[45] As a result, the Bermudian government introduced its own domestic legislation in 1999 to rectify the problem.[46]

text: Further measures were subsequently adopted to revoke technicalities in British overseas territories' domestic legislation as regards use of the death penalty for crimes of treason and piracy. In October 2002 the British government abolished the death penalty for treason and piracy in the Turks and Caicos Islands. Since then, the death penalty has been outlawed under all circumstances in all the UK's overseas territories.[47]

text: Policy regarding foreign capital punishment[edit]

text: In July 2018, it was announced The UK government said it will not object to the United States seeking the death penalty for two suspected British members of ISIL. This was reported as a divergence from the UK Government's long-standing policy to object to foreign executions.[48][49] However, In response to an Emergency Question in the House of Commons on the 23rd July 2018 the Minister of State for Security and Economic Crime, The Rt Hon Ben Wallace MP, clarified that this case did not reflect a change in UK policy on assistance in US death penalty cases generally or the UK Government’s stance on the global abolition of the death penalty.The overseas security and justice assistance guidance states

text: “that there will be cases where, as an exception to the general policy and taking into account the specific circumstances, Ministers can lawfully decide that assistance should be provided in the absence of adequate assurances” [50]

text: Public support for reintroduction of capital punishment[edit]

text: Since the death penalty's suspension in 1965, there have been continued public and media calls for its reintroduction, particularly prompted by high-profile murder cases.

text: At the same time, there have been a number of miscarriages of justice since 1965 where someone convicted of murder has later had their conviction quashed on appeal and been released from prison, strengthening the argument of those who oppose the death penalty's reintroduction. These include the Birmingham Six (cleared in 1991 of planting an IRA bomb which killed 21 people in 1974), the Guildford Four (cleared in 1989 of murdering five people in another 1974 IRA bombing), Stephen Downing (a Derbyshire man who was freed in 2001 after serving 27 years for the murder of a woman in a churchyard) and Barry George (who was freed in 2007 when his conviction for the 1999 murder of TV presenter Jill Dando was quashed on appeal).[51]

text: Perhaps the first high-profile murder case which sparked widespread calls for a return of the death penalty was the Moors murders trial in 1966, the year after the death penalty's suspension, in which Ian Brady and Myra Hindley were sentenced to life imprisonment for the murders of two children and a teenager in the Manchester area (they later confessed to a further two murders).[52] Later in 1966, the murder of three policemen in West London also attracted widespread public support for the death penalty's return.[53] Other subsequent high-profile cases to have sparked widespread media and public calls for the death penalty's return include "Yorkshire Ripper" Peter Sutcliffe, convicted in 1981 of murdering 13 women and attacking seven others in the north of England,[54] Roy Whiting, who murdered a seven-year-old girl in West Sussex in 2000,[55] and Ian Huntley, a Cambridgeshire school caretaker who killed two 10-year-old girls in 2002.[56]

text: A November 2009 television survey showed that 70% favoured reinstating the death penalty for at least one of the following crimes: armed robbery, rape, crimes related to paedophilia, terrorism, adult murder, child murder, child rape, treason, child abuse or kidnapping. However, respondents only favoured capital punishment for adult murder, the polling question asked by other organisations such as Gallup, by small majorities or pluralities: overall, 51% favoured the death penalty for adult murder, while 56% in Wales did, 55% in Scotland, and only 49% in England.[57]

text: In August 2011, the Internet blogger Paul Staines—who writes a political blog as Guido Fawkes and heads the Restore Justice Campaign—launched an e-petition on the Downing Street website calling for the restoration of the death penalty for those convicted of the murder of children and police officers.[58] The petition was one of several in support or opposition of capital punishment to be published by the government with the launch of its e-petitions website. Petitions attracting 100,000 signatures would prompt a parliamentary debate on a particular topic, but not necessarily lead to any Parliamentary Bills being put forward.[59] When the petition closed on 4 February 2012 it had received 26,351 signatures in support of restoring capital punishment,[60] but a counter-petition calling to retain the ban on capital punishment received 33,455 signatures during the same time period.[61]

text: Also in August 2011, a representative survey conducted by Angus Reid Public Opinion showed that 65% of Britons support reinstating the death penalty for murder in Great Britain, while 28% oppose this course of action. Men and respondents aged over 35 are more likely to endorse the change.[62]

text: In March 2015 a survey by the NatCen British Social Attitudes Report showed that public support for the death penalty had dropped to 48 per cent.[63]

text: Parliamentary debates on reintroduction[edit]

text: After Royal Assent for the Murder (Abolition of Death Penalty) Act 1965, supporters in Parliament have made several attempts to reintroduce capital punishment. On 23 November 1966, Duncan Sandys was refused leave to bring in a Bill to restore capital punishment for the murder of police or prison officers, by a vote of 170 to 292.[64] Motions to make the five-year suspension of capital punishment under the 1965 Act permanent were opposed, but agreed by 343 to 185 in the House of Commons;[65] in the House of Lords, an amendment to continue with a temporary suspension of capital punishment until 31 July 1973 was rejected by 174 to 220.[66] In April 1973, the House of Commons voted against reintroduction.[67]

text: The deaths of civilians in several IRA bombings in 1974 prompted a renewed debate. On 11 December 1974 Brian Walden moved a motion declaring that "the death penalty would neither deter terrorists nor increase the safety of the public"; Jill Knight moved an amendment calling instead for introduction of legislation providing for death to be the penalty for acts of terrorism causing death. Her amendment was rejected by 217 to 369.[68] A year later, Ivan Lawrence's motion "That this House demands capital punishment for terrorist offences causing death" was rejected by 232 to 361.[69]

text: After the Conservatives' victory in the 1979 general election, Eldon Griffiths (Parliamentary adviser to the Police Federation of England and Wales) moved a motion "that the sentence of capital punishment should again be available to the courts" on 19 July 1979.[70] While the motion was not expected to pass, the margin of its defeat (243 to 362) was much wider than expected.[71] Later in the same Parliament, the Criminal Justice Bill provided an opportunity on 11 May 1982 for several new clauses to be proposed which would have reinstated capital punishment. The first, which simply declared that "A person convicted of murder shall be liable to capital punishment", was tabled by Edward Gardner, and rejected by 195 to 357.[72] It was followed by an alternative under which capital punishment would be available "as the penalty for an act of terrorism involving the loss of human life"; this new clause was rejected by 176 to 332.[73] A further new clause proposing capital punishment "as the penalty for murder by means of firearms or explosives" was rejected by 176 to 343.[74] Then a new clause allowing for capital punishment "as the penalty for murder of a police or prison officer" was rejected by 208 to 332.[75] Finally a new clause allowing capital punishment "as the penalty for murder in the course of robbery and burglary which involves the use of offensive weapons" was rejected by 151 to 331.[76]

text: The new Parliament in 1983 again prompted supporters of capital punishment to put their case. Sir Edward Gardner's motion "That this House favours the restoration of the death penalty for murder" was debated on 13 July 1983, with several amendments moved to restrict capital punishment to certain categories of murder. The amendments were voted on first: capital punishment for murder "resulting from acts of terrorism" was rejected by 245 to 361, for murder "of a police officer during the course of his duties" by 263 to 344, for murder "of a prison officer during the course of his duties" by 252 to 348, for murder "by shooting or causing an explosion" by 204 to 374, and for murder "in the course or furtherance of theft" by 194 to 369. The main motion was then defeated by 223 to 368.[77] Towards the end of the Parliament, a new clause proposed to the Criminal Justice Bill proposed to return the death penalty for "A person convicted by the unanimous verdict of a jury of the premeditated killing of another person or of knowingly and intentionally killing another person in a manner, or for a reason, or in circumstances which a reasonable person would consider to be evil" was rejected by 230 to 342 on 1 April 1987.[78]

text: The Criminal Justice Bill in 1988 provided a further opportunity for a debate; the new clause proposed by Roger Gale allowed for the jury in a murder case to "have the power, upon reaching a verdict of guilt of murder, to recommend ... death in the manner authorised by law". It was rejected by 218 to 341.[79]

text: The aforementioned bills were rejected despite support from then Prime Minister Margaret Thatcher.[80]

text: On 17 December 1990 a new Criminal Justice Bill again saw amendments designed to reintroduce capital punishment. The first covered anyone over 18 "convicted of the murder of a police officer acting in the execution of his duty" and was rejected by 215 to 350;[81] a general reintroduction of death as the penalty for murder (with special provision for the Court of Appeal to decide whether to substitute a life sentence) was then rejected by 182 to 367.[82] Capital punishment for "murder committed by means of firearms, explosives or an offensive weapon, or for the murder of a police or prison officer" was rejected by 186 to 349.[83]

text: The most recent Parliamentary debate on a question proposing reintroduction of capital punishment came on 21 February 1994 when new clauses to the Criminal Justice and Public Order Bill were moved. The first, providing for death as the sentence for "the murder of a police officer acting in the execution of his duty", was rejected by 186 to 383;[84] A new clause providing for general reintroduction with power for the Court of Appeal to substitute life imprisonment was rejected by 159 to 403.[85] This would have been aimed at terrorists in the Northern Ireland conflict.[86]

text: In June 2013 a new bill for capital punishment in England and Wales was introduced. This Bill has been withdrawn and will not progress any further.[87]

text: Parties' stance on the issue[edit]

text: This section does not cite any sources. Please help improve this section by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. (August 2017) (Learn how and when to remove this template message)

text: The following parties support the reintroduction of capital punishment:

text:
National Front (NF)
British National Party (BNP)
British Democratic Party
Britain First

text: Notable executions in the United Kingdom[edit]

text: Before 1707[edit]

text:
13 April 1546: Alice Glaston, the youngest known girl legally executed in England, at age 11 for an unknown offence.[88][89][90][91][92][93]
23 February 1629: John Dean, the youngest known person legally executed in England, at age 8 or 9 for arson.[90][94]
30 January 1649: King Charles I, the only English or Scottish King to be executed, was found guilty of high treason by 59 commissioners and was beheaded.[95]

text: Kingdom of Great Britain, 1707–1801[edit]

text:
16 November 1724: Jack Sheppard, housebreaker, was hanged at Tyburn for burglary after four successful escape attempts from jail. His partner-in-crime, highwayman Joseph "Blueskin" Blake, was executed for the same burglary five days earlier.
24 May 1725: Jonathan Wild, criminal overlord and fraudulent "Thief Taker General", was hanged at Tyburn for receiving stolen goods and thus aiding criminals.
7 April 1739: Dick Turpin, infamous highwayman, was hanged.
30 July 1746: nine Catholic members of the Manchester Regiment, Jacobites, were hanged, drawn and quartered for treason at Kennington Common (now Kennington Park).
9 April 1747: Simon Fraser, 11th Lord Lovat, Jacobite leader and Scottish Clan chief, at Tower Hill, the last man to be publicly beheaded in Britain.
3 October 1750: James MacLaine, 'The Gentleman Highwayman', was hanged at Tyburn, London
14 March 1757: John Byng became the only British admiral executed, by firing squad by the Royal Navy. His crime was having failed to "do his utmost" at the Battle of Minorca during the Seven Years' War.
5 May 1760: Laurence Shirley, 4th Earl Ferrers was executed at Tyburn for the murder of a servant.[96] He was the last peer to be hanged (reputedly by a silken rope) and is the only peer to have been hanged for murder.
18 March 1789: Catherine Murphy, a counterfeiter, was the last woman in England to be burned at the stake (though she was in fact strangled before the fire was lit, and thus not literally burned to death). The penalty of burning at the stake, which at the time applied to women and not to men, was abolished the next year.[97]

text: United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, 1801–1922[edit]

text:
13 November 1805: Richard Harding was hanged for knowingly uttering playing cards with forged ace of spades.
18 May 1812: John Bellingham was hanged for the murder of Prime Minister Spencer Perceval.
8 September 1820: Andrew Hardie and John Baird were hanged and beheaded at Stirling after being tried for their part in the Radical War in Scotland.
11 August 1828: William Corder was hanged at Bury St Edmunds for the murder of Maria Marten at the Red Barn a year before.
9 August 1856: Elizabeth Martha Brown was the last woman to be hanged in public in the English county of Dorset; her hanging is notable in part because it influenced Thomas Hardy, an eyewitness, in his portrayal of the execution of the fictional heroine of Tess of the D'Urbervilles.
27 August 1861: Martin Doyle was the last person to be hanged for attempted murder, at Chester.
29 April 1862: Mary Timney's hanging was the last public execution of a woman in Scotland.[98]
14 November 1864: Franz Muller was hanged for the murder of Thomas Briggs, the first murder committed on a British train.
2 April 1868: Frances Kidder was the last woman to be hanged in public in Britain.[99]
26 May 1868: Fenian Michael Barrett was executed at Newgate Prison for mass murder. He had participated in the Clerkenwell explosion, which had killed 12 people. His execution was the last public hanging in the UK.
19 July 1899: Mary Ansell was hanged at St Albans, for poisoning her sister. At 22, she was the youngest woman to be hanged in the post-1868 'modern era' (non-public, and by the 'long drop' method).
23 November 1910: Hawley Harvey Crippen was hanged in London's Pentonville Prison for poisoning his wife.
8 September 1914: Private Thomas Highgate was executed by firing squad, the first British soldier to be executed for desertion during World War I.
13 August 1915: George Joseph Smith was hanged in Maidstone Prison for the pattern of serial killings known as the "Brides in the Bath Murders".
3 August 1916: Roger Casement was hanged at Pentonville for treason, he was convicted of conspiring with Germany, then at war with the United Kingdom, to incite insurrection in Ireland and to incite Irish soldiers serving in the British Army to mutiny.

text: United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, 1922–1964[edit]

text:
9 January 1923: Edith Thompson and Frederick Bywaters, in London's Holloway and Pentonville Prisons respectively, for the murder of Thompson's husband. The case was controversial because, although in letters Thompson had fantasised about the possible elimination of her husband, there was no firm evidence that she was in any way connected with the murder for which she was hanged.
3 January 1931: Victor Betts for murder committed during the course of a robbery. The case had established that a person need not be present when a crime is committed to be regarded as an accessory after the fact.[100]
31 July 1940: Udham Singh, an Indian independence activist, at Pentonville Prison. He had assassinated the Indian administrator Sir Michael O'Dwyer.
15 August 1941: Josef Jakobs, a German spy, was executed by firing squad, the last execution in the Tower of London.
19 December 1945; John Amery, a British fascist and Nazi collaborator, pleaded guilty of eight charges of treason. Hanged at Wandsworth Prison in London.
3 January 1946: William Joyce, better known as "Lord Haw-Haw", for treason in London's Wandsworth Prison. He was an American citizen, but was convicted of treason because, as the holder of a British passport (albeit fraudulently obtained), he was held to have owed allegiance to the British sovereign. Theodore Schurch, hanged for treachery the next day, was the last person to be executed for an offence other than murder; he was executed at Pentonville. As a member of the armed forces he had been tried by court-martial.
27 February 1947: Walter Rowland in Manchester for the murder of Olive Balchin despite maintaining his innocence. While he had been awaiting execution, another man confessed to the crime. A Home Office report dismissed the latter's confession as a fake, but in 1951 he attacked another woman and was found guilty but insane.[101]
12 January 1949: Margaret Allen, aged 43, for killing a 70-year-old woman in the course of a robbery, the first woman to be hanged in Britain for 12 years.
10 August 1949: John George Haigh, the "acid-bath murderer", at Wandsworth.
9 March 1950: Timothy Evans at Pentonville for the murder of his baby daughter Geraldine at 10 Rillington Place, North West London. He initially claimed to have killed his wife, but later withdrew the claim. A fellow inhabitant at the same address, John Christie, later found to be a sexual serial killer, gave key evidence against Evans. Christie was executed in 1953 for the murder of his own wife. Evans received a posthumous pardon in 1966. In 2004 the Court of Appeal refused to consider overturning the conviction due to the costs and resources that would be involved. See John Christie (murderer).
28 March 1950: George Kelly at Liverpool for murder, but had his conviction quashed posthumously by the Court of Appeal in June 2003.
25 April 1952: Edward Devlin and Alfred Burns, for killing a woman during a robbery in Liverpool. They claimed that they had been doing a different burglary in Manchester, and others involved in the crime supported this. A Home Office report rejected this evidence. Huge crowds gathered outside Liverpool's Walton Prison as they were executed.
3 September 1952: Mahmood Hussein Mattan, a Somali seaman, in Cardiff for murder. The Court of Appeal quashed his conviction posthumously in 1998[102] after hearing that crucial evidence implicating another Somali was withheld at his trial.
28 January 1953: Derek Bentley at Wandsworth Prison as an accomplice to the murder of a police officer by his 16-year-old friend Christopher Craig. Craig, a minor, was not executed and instead served 10 years. Bentley was granted a partial posthumous pardon on 29 July 1993, and the Court of Appeal fully overturned his conviction on 30 July 1998.
15 July 1953: John Christie at Pentonville for the murder of his wife Ethel. Christie was a serial killer and had murdered at least six other women (see also entry on Timothy Evans above).
13 December 1954: Styllou Christofi, aged 53, penultimate woman executed in Britain.
13 July 1955: Ruth Ellis, aged 28, the last woman to be hanged in Britain. She was the 15th and youngest woman hanged in the 20th century.
6 May 1958: Vivian Teed, 24, in Swansea, the last person to be executed in Wales.
11 July 1958: Peter Manuel, aged 31, second to last person to be hanged in HM Prison Barlinnie and the third to last to be hanged in Scotland.
5 November 1959: Guenther Podola, the last person to be hanged for the murder of a policeman.
10 November 1960: Francis Forsyth, the last 18-year-old to be executed in Britain.
22 December 1960: Anthony Miller, 19, in Glasgow's Barlinnie Prison, the last teenager to be executed in Britain.
20 December 1961: Robert McGladdery, 25, in Crumlin Road Gaol in Belfast, the last person to be executed in Northern Ireland, for the murder of Pearl Gamble in Newry.
4 April 1962: James Hanratty at Bedford after a controversial rape-murder trial. In 2002 Hanratty's body was exhumed and the Court of Appeal upheld his conviction after Hanratty's DNA was linked to crime scene samples.
15 August 1963: Henry Burnett, aged 21, at Craiginches Prison in Aberdeen for the murder of seaman Thomas Guyan, the last hanging in Scotland.
13 August 1964: Peter Anthony Allen, at Walton Prison in Liverpool, and Gwynne Owen Evans, at Strangeways Prison in Manchester for the murder of John Alan West, the last people executed in Britain.[24][103]


document_title: Pass Me Not, O Gentle Saviour

question_text: who wrote the song pass me not oh gentle saviour

text: Pass Me Not, O Gentle Saviour

text:
Pass Me Not, O Gentle Savior

Pass, me not O gentle Saviour,
Hear my humble cry.
While on others Thou art calling,
Do not pass me by.

Saviour, Saviour,
Hear my humble cry.
While on others Thou art calling,
Do not pass me by.

Let me at Thy throne of mercy,
Find a sweet relief.
Kneeling there in deep contrition,
Help my unbelief.

Saviour, Saviour,
Hear my humble cry.
While on others Thou art calling,
Do not pass me by.

Trusting only in Thy merit,
Would I seek Thy face,
Heal my wounded, broken spirit,
Save me by Thy grace.

Frances J. Crosby, 1868[1]

tag: div

text: "Pass Me Not, O Gentle Savior" is a 19th-century American hymn written by Frances J. Crosby in 1868,[2] set to music by William H. Doane in 1870.[3]

text: The hymn has been recorded by singers including Reggie Houston, Cyrus Chestnut, Bill Gaither, and Lyle Lovett. Bob Dylan performed this song live to open five concerts in his 2002 American tour.

text: In 1991 hip hop artist MC Hammer released a version of the hymn entitled "Do Not Pass Me By" on his fourth album, Too Legit to Quit. Gospel artist Tramaine Hawkins appeared on the song as a guest vocalist. A music video was produced for this single which charted as well.