document_title: Fear the Walking Dead (season 3)

question_text: where was season 3 of fear the walking dead filmed

text: Fear the Walking Dead (season 3)

text: Cast[edit]

text: Main cast[edit]

text:
Kim Dickens as Madison Clark: The series' intelligent and domineering main protagonist, the mother of Nick and Alicia, and Travis' fiancée.
Cliff Curtis as Travis Manawa: The resolute and peacekeeping fiancé of Madison.
Frank Dillane as Nick Clark: A brave and selfless recovering heroin addict, Madison's son, and Alicia's brother.
Alycia Debnam-Carey as Alicia Clark: The fiery yet compassionate daughter of Madison, and Nick's sister.
Colman Domingo as Victor Strand: A smart and sophisticated conman-turned-businessman, who forms friendships with Nick and Madison.
Mercedes Mason as Ofelia Salazar: The strong-willed and very capable daughter of Daniel.
Danay García as Luciana Galvez: A strong and cautious former member of the La Colonia community in Tijuana, Mexico, and Nick's girlfriend.
Daniel Sharman as Troy Otto: The charismatic and impulsive son of Jeremiah, and Jake's half-brother.
Sam Underwood as Jake Otto: Jeremiah's moralistic and wiser son, Troy's half-brother, and Alicia's love interest.
Dayton Callie as Jeremiah Otto: The racist and candid leader of Broke Jaw Ranch, and Jake and Troy's father.
Rubén Blades as Daniel Salazar: A courageous and practical former Sombra Negra member, a barber, and Ofelia's father.
Lisandra Tena as Lola Guerrero: The generous and empathetic leader of a community stationed at a dam located in Tijuana, who is responsible for supplying water.

text: Supporting cast[edit]

text:
Michael Greyeyes as Qaletaqa Walker: A Native American in a war with Jeremiah Otto, who occupies his lands.
Justin Rain as Lee "Crazy Dog": The right-hand man of Qaletaqa.
Karen Bethzabe as Elena Reyes: The Rosario Beach hotel manager.
Ramses Jimenez as Hector Reyes: Elena's nephew.
Rae Gray as Gretchen Trimbol: A resident of Broke Jaw Ranch who becomes friends with Alicia.
Michael William Freeman as Blake Sarno: A member of the militia.
Jason Manuel Olazabal as Dante Esquivel: The leader of Gonzalez Dam.
Linda Gehringer as Christine: A resident of Broke Jaw Ranch who forms a bond with Alicia.
Jesse Borrego as Efrain Morales: A man who saves Daniel after he is injured in a fire.
Edwina Findley as Diana: A pragmatic survivor who becomes friends with Alicia.
Ray McKinnon as Proctor John: The leader of a gang known as the Proctors.

text: Episodes[edit]

text:
No.
overall
No. in
season
Title
Directed by
Written by
Original air date
U.S. viewers
(millions)

22
1
"Eye of the Beholder"
Andrew Bernstein
Dave Erickson
June 4, 2017 (2017-06-04)
3.11[3]

Travis, Madison and Alicia are captured by an armed group and taken to a military compound, where Travis is separated from them and is taken to a basement while Madison and Alicia are taken to an office. At the basement, Travis finds himself with Nick, an injured Luciana and other captives. The captives are being experimented on by a group of soldiers. Travis, Luciana, Nick and one captive attempt to escape, but Travis is re-captured and the other captive is killed while Luciana and Nick sneak in a sewer. Meanwhile, Madison and Alicia attack Troy, impaling one of his eyes with a spoon and taking him as a hostage. Madison then takes Troy out to demand her family to be released while Alicia searches around for Travis. Meanwhile, Travis is thrown into a pit full of walkers, but he manages to kill them all. Nick carrying an injured Luciana tries to get out of the sewer but finds a horde of walkers that slowly make their way into the sewer. After bypassing several obstacles, Travis, Madison, Alicia and Nick are reunited. Soon after, the military compound is overrun with walkers, forcing all people to leave. Travis carrying an injured Luciana and Alicia board a helicopter while Madison and Nick escape in a truck.

23
2
"The New Frontier"
Stefan Schwartz
Mark Richard
June 4, 2017 (2017-06-04)
2.70[3]

The helicopter is attacked and Travis is shot in the stomach and neck. Travis sacrifices himself by falling out of the helicopter to prevent dying and turning in the helicopter. At the hotel, Strand allows many angry refugees past the gates, falsely claiming he is a doctor and can be of assistance. Madison, Troy, and Nick finally reach Broke Jaw Ranch, owned by Troy's father Jeremiah, and are informed that the helicopter has not arrived. Jeremiah welcomes Madison and Nick, who are suspicious of the ranch but ultimately decide to stay, even if that means taking it over. Back at the hotel, Elena orders Strand to leave for allowing survivors to enter the compound. After the helicopter crash, Alicia and Jake carry Luciana on their way to the ranch, where they reunite with Madison and Nick. Madison breaks down after being informed of the death of Travis, while Nick stands by Luciana's side. Prior to leaping to her death from a hotel balcony, IIene gifts Strand the keys to a brand new Jaguar.

24
3
"TEOTWAWKI"
Deborah Chow
Ryan Scott
June 11, 2017 (2017-06-11)
2.50[4]

In a television commercial well before the apocalypse, Jeremiah Otto and his family promote a video series on the key to surviving TEOTWAWKI, or "the end of the world as we know it". The ranch holds a meeting in the wake of Charlene's death, where Troy, Jake, and Jeremiah vow justice for the party that shot down the helicopter. Other residents express contempt for Madison and her family. A recovering Luciana informs Nick that they must leave the ranch as soon as possible. Back in her cabin, Madison discovers Troy laying in Nick's bed, and he expresses contempt for her son; Madison tells Troy that Nick will learn to fit in. During a scouting mission, Nick soon discovers he and Troy were not so different in their views of the world. Back at the ranch, Jeremiah dispatches Troy to the camp of those who attacked the helicopter; Madison volunteers to accompany them to exact vengeance for Travis. Elsewhere, Strand arrives at the Gonzalez Dam, where he is reunited with an old friend Dante Esquevil, offering him a partnership in consoling the dam's dwindling water supplies, but Dante instead has Strand imprisoned; while in his cell, Strand is reunited with Daniel, alive.

25
4
"100"
Alex Garcia Lopez
Alan Page
June 18, 2017 (2017-06-18)
2.40[5]

Through flashbacks, Daniel had survived the fire and escaped further into Mexico, where he was saved from death by a band of refugees headed by Efrain Morales, who consoles Daniel's grief for losing Ofelia, whom he was determined to find. While fending off Walkers, Daniel falls into the sewers leading to the Gonzalez Dam, where he is spared death by Lola Guerrero, one of Dante's workers. Learning of Daniel's military expertise, Dante makes Daniel one of his operatives, forcing him to torture Efrain for information on the refugees, who were stealing the dam's dwindling water resources. Daniel eventually is reunited with Strand, who offers to take him to Ofelia at the hotel. After witnessing Dante execute his employees for betrayal, Daniel breaks his control and kills Dante and his bodyguards, taking over the dam.

26
5
"Burning in Water, Drowning in Flame"
Daniel Stamm
Suzanne Heathcote
June 25, 2017 (2017-06-25)
2.50[6]

After a fire kills one of the founders of Broke Jaw, Nick and Jeremiah bond by rebuilding the house, locating Jeremiah's prize antique revolver. Madison, Troy and their squadron set out for the Black Hat Reserve, a sanctuary populated by the Native American tribe of Qaletaqa Walker, whose ancestral land was where Broke Jaw was built upon; however, upon their arrival, Walker has the squadron stripped of their weapons and forces them to return to Broke Jaw, with a warning of an impending invasion unless the land was returned to his tribe. During the trek back, Madison and Troy confront further and Troy contemplates killing Madison, but relents. Back at Broke Jaw, Nick continues debating on leaving with Luciana, but eventually decides to remain; Luciana later leaves. Alicia and Jake begin a relationship. Elsewhere, Strand leads Daniel to the hotel, but upon discovering Ofelia was not present, Daniel abandons Strand, leaving him to the mercy of the undead.

27
6
"Red Dirt"
Courtney Hunt
Wes Brown
July 2, 2017 (2017-07-02)
2.19[7]

After Madison and Troy's return with news of Walker's invasion, civil unrest occurs within Broke Jaw, with many residents considering leaving, including Gretchen and her family, despite Troy's threatening efforts to keep them within the ranch for security measures. Jeremiah allows people the option to leave, despite Madison's approval with Troy's intentions. Aware of the oncoming invasion, Jake journeys to Black Hat to negotiate peace terms with Walker to prevent the war, but Alicia follows him. Madison, Nick and Jeremiah later find Gretchen and her family murdered, presumably by Walker, but Madison suspects Troy was responsible. As such, she informs the community that Walker was responsible to prepare them for the upcoming war, leaving Nick disgusted, but accepted.

28
7
"The Unveiling"
Jeremy Webb
Mark Richard
July 9, 2017 (2017-07-09)
2.62[8]

Jake and Alicia arrive at Black Hat, where Alicia discovers Ofelia to be alive and allied with Walker's tribe after she escaped the hotel. Jake and Walker agree to exchange hostages; Alicia remains at Black Hat, while Jake returns to Broke Jaw with Ofelia. While at Black Hat, Alicia learns that Walker did not intend to kill Travis, but had been aiming for Jake all along; Walker's people had also predicted the oncoming apocalypse, seeing it as a sign to reclaim the land they once owned. Displeased at Alicia's situation, Madison, Nick and Troy lead a team to rescue her from Black Hat; they succeed in doing so, but several of Walker's men are killed. Jake attempts to make peace by returning Ofelia, but Walker beats him and narrowly avoids scalping him. Later, Ofelia arrives at Broke Jaw, seemingly cast out. However, a crippling illness suddenly strikes the community and many people die and reanimate as walkers, massacring the residents; Nick is among those infected and Madison later uncovers Ofelia was responsible.

29
8
"Children of Wrath"
Andrew Bernstein
Jami O'Brien
July 9, 2017 (2017-07-09)
2.40[8]

Through flashbacks, Ofelia was found, but left for dead by Jeremiah, only to be rescued by Walker. In present day, Ofelia is captured and transported to Walker by Madison; it was revealed Walker had Ofelia poison Broke Jaw's water supply with anthrax, which she was unaware of. In retaliation, Madison, Alicia and Troy sabotage Black Hat and steal a trailer full of Walker's spiritual relics. After recovering, Nick learns from Jeremiah that he had murdered Walker's father, which had ignited the rivalry. Realizing they had chosen the wrong side, Madison parlays with Walker, who demands Jeremiah be killed in exchange for peace. After tensions between them grow after Alicia learns of Troy's actions kept secret, Madison later reveals to her children that she had murdered her abusive father to protect her mother. After Madison fails to convince Jeremiah to kill himself to protect his sons, Nick arrives and kills Jeremiah, labeling his death as a suicide. Madison later delivers his head to Walker. Meanwhile, Strand returns to the capsized Abigail, but seeks solace within a Russian cosmonaut survivor on the radio. Desiring no further loneliness, Strand burns down the Abigail and sets off to get revenge against Daniel.

30
9
"Minotaur"
Stefan Schwartz
Dave Erickson & Mike Zunic
September 10, 2017 (2017-09-10)
2.14[9]

Walker and his group arrive at the ranch. In a meeting, Walker tells the people of the ranch that his grudge is over, as Otto sacrificed himself for peace. Members of the ranch, including Troy, are not forgiving of the Nation's previous actions. After a resident of the ranch attacks one of Walker's men with a weapon, Walker is given the other key to the arsenal. Madison, Nick and Walker go to Otto's house to collect weapons from Troy, but he refuses and fires a warning shot. Troy orders everyone out, but Nick stays behind, hoping to get him to back down. Nick confesses to Troy that he killed Otto, leaving him stunned and he gives up. For punishment, Troy is exiled from the ranch and Nick is imprisoned in an outhouse. Troy is driven into the desert by Madison and one of Walker's men. Troy gets a hold of the man's knife, injuring him. Madison holds a gun on him and orders him to leave. Meanwhile, at the dam, Lola, Daniel and Efrain distribute water to desperate people in the streets. Accusing them of controlling the dam for personal gain the crowd turns on them and attacks. The three of them rush to the truck and drive off.

31
10
"The Diviner"
Paco Cabezas
Ryan Scott
September 10, 2017 (2017-09-10)
2.14[9]

After uncovering the ranch only possessed six weeks worth of water, Madison and Walker leave the ranch for the nearby arena where a large auctioning market has been set up to bargain for more water. Once arriving, Madison is reunited with Strand, who was targeted by the resident authorities for failing to pay his debts. He is later captured and forced to fight walkers on the outer grounds until death; fortunately, he is rescued by Madison by stealing the gold Walker intended to trade for the water. Learning of the dam, Madison commands Strand to lead them to the dam to save their people. Back on the ranch, Nick is released from captivity, but soon learns a group of residents were planning on rebelling against the Nation to regain control, but Nick was hesitant to cause further bloodshed. After Alicia reveals the truth behind the water's limited supplies, the community flies into revolt. However, before the coup can begin, they witness Alicia constructing another well on the Nation's land, inspiring the rebels to participate in saving their ranch.

32
11
"La Serpiente"
Josef Wladyka
Mark Richard & Lauren Signorino
September 17, 2017 (2017-09-17)
1.99[10]

Madison, Strand, and Walker drive to the dam in the water tanker. Upon reaching the dam, Madison reveals to Daniel that Ofelia is alive and is at the ranch. Madison speaks with Lola, wanting water in exchange for the ranch's resources such as cattle or weapons, but Lola declines. Since Madison has ruined their chances at the water supply, Walker plans on kicking them off the ranch, and he leaves the dam on foot. Daniel believes that the angry mob plan on overtaking the dam. Daniel speaks with Walker, who thanks him for saving Ofelia; Walker tells him that she is now a soldier. As Madison and Strand prepare to leave, a water tanker explodes, blowing out part of the gate and the infected begin to pour in. They kill the infected and fix the gate. The angry mob can be heard as they approach the dam. Because of the incident, Lola agrees to exchange 10,000 gallons of water for weapons. Strand reveals to Madison that he rigged the explosion as they drive back in the water tanker. They spot Walker on the road and they pick him up.

33
12
"Brother's Keeper"
Alrick Riley
Wes Brown
September 24, 2017 (2017-09-24)
2.08[11]

Troy survives in the wasteland, scavenging for food and supplies. He discovers a grenade launcher in a building. In the middle of the night, Nick finds Troy in his house. Troy warns Nick that the ranch will be destroyed. Nick informs Alicia and Jake about Troy and what he said. Nick and Jake set out to find Troy. On the road, they discover a massive horde of walkers approaching the ranch. The infected are being lead by the noise of Troy firing the grenade launcher. Nick speaks with Alicia via radio to warn her of the horde. Jake and Troy fight and Jake is prepared to kill his brother. Nick intervenes and Jake falls down a hill. Jake is bitten by a walker and Nick quickly amputates his arm to prevent infection. They drive back towards the ranch. At the ranch, Alicia, Ofelia, and the others have created a blockade of RVs, hoping the walkers will pass by. The horde invades the ranch and eventually topple the RVs. The surviving members of the ranch take refuge in the underground pantry. Jake dies from his wounds and reanimates as a walker; Troy stabs him in the head. Nick looks at the ranch from a distance and sees the infected have completely overrun it.

34
13
"This Land Is Your Land"
Meera Menon
Suzanne Heathcote
October 1, 2017 (2017-10-01)
2.36[12]

In the pantry, Alicia struggles to keep the survivors alive as a blockage in the vents results in everyone slowly starting to suffocate. To buy some more time while Ofelia and Crazy Dog clear the blockage, those who have been bitten are killed. While hiding in the pantry, Alicia bonds with Christine, a rancher who had lost her husband in the September 11 attacks. At the same time, Nick and Troy team up together in an effort to save the ranchers, but end up trapped in a helicopter together surrounded by walkers. Ofelia and Crazy Dog are able to kill a walker that is blocking the vent fan, but not before many ranchers suffocate and turn into walkers that kill the rest. In an effort to stop the walker horde, Ofelia and Crazy Dog blow up the ranch's fuel reserve, eliminating most of the horde and destroying Broke Jaw Ranch. Alicia is rescued from the pantry by Madison, Strand, Walker, Troy and Nick, but Christine falls victim to the walkers. In the aftermath, Madison decides to return to the dam, but Alicia wants to go her own way. Nick and Troy, who lie about Troy's role in the events, choose to follow Alicia to keep her safe.

35
14
"El Matadero"
Stefan Schwartz
Alan Page
October 8, 2017 (2017-10-08)
2.23[13]

As Madison, Strand, and Walker drive to the trading outpost, Ofelia falls off the water tanker truck and Madison discovers she has been bitten. Nick and Troy catch up with Alicia and Nick tries to persuade her to come with them, but she declines and goes off on her own, while Nick and Troy drive to the outpost. Madison and the others arrive at the trading outpost and they let Ofelia rest. Nick relapses and takes a Vicodin pill meant for Ofelia. Alicia comes across another survivor, Diana, who took food that Alicia had scavenged from a restaurant. They initially threaten each other, but decide to share the food. Madison takes Ofelia to see Daniel, but Ofelia dies just as Daniel arrives. Nick and Troy go on a binge of drugs and drinking during the night. In the morning, Daniel tells Madison that she, Strand and Walker can come to the dam. Alicia and Diana work together to take on a herd of walkers. Nick informs Madison before she leaves that he and Troy will be staying at the trading outpost.

36
15
"Things Bad Begun"
Andrew Bernstein
Jami O'Brien
October 15, 2017 (2017-10-15)
2.23[14]

After Diana is injured, Alicia is forced to take her to the bazar for treatment. There, Alicia is forced to help remove a tumor from the back of Proctor John, leader of the Proctors. Still at the bazar, Nick and Troy learn that the Proctors intend to attack the dam and rush to warn Madison. With likely insufficient force to protect the dam, the decision is made to destroy it and return the water to the people if they fail to defeat the Proctors. Unwilling to die at the dam, Walker and Crazy Dog leave to seek out survivors of their people. Suspecting the truth behind Ofelia's death, Daniel interrogates Nick for the truth. Nick lies that Jake was responsible to protect Troy and is released, but Daniel doesn't seem to buy it. An increasingly nervous Strand admits that he made a deal with the Proctors in return for protection for Madison's family. To this end, Strand shoots and critically wounds Daniel. While laying charges, Madison learns from Nick and Troy that Troy caused the destruction of the ranch, and kills him, to Nick's shock. As the Proctors attack the dam, killing many people including Efrain, Strand locks Nick and Madison in a room for their protection.

37
16
"Sleigh Ride"
Andrew Bernstein
Dave Erickson & Mark Richard
October 15, 2017 (2017-10-15)
2.23[14]

Locked up together, tensions rise between Nick and Madison over Troy's murder and Madison's growing ruthlessness. At the same time, Alicia is forced to join Proctor John in traveling to the dam where Alicia is reunited with Strand. Strand attempts to help Madison and Nick escape, but Lola attacks the Proctors after discovering Efrain's body. Lola is killed by Proctor John, but her survival exposes Strand's lies to the Proctors. A standoff ensues when Nick threatens to blow up the dam if the Proctors don't let Madison, Alicia and Strand escape on a boat. Nick ends up in a standoff with the Proctors to ensure his family's safety, aided by Walker and Crazy Dog who provide covering fire from a nearby hilltop. Nick eventually destroys Gonzalez Dam, but the boat is caught in the ensuing flood. Nick escapes from the dam with the help of Daniel while Madison washes up on the shore of the river after the flood. However, there is no sign of Strand or Alicia while Walker and Crazy Dog resume their journey north.

text: Production[edit]

text: AMC renewed the series for a 16-episode third season on April 15, 2016.[15] Production began in January 2017 in Baja, Mexico.[16] This is the final season with co-creator Dave Erickson as showrunner as he will leave the series after the conclusion of the third season.[17] In February 2017, it was announced that Emma Caulfield was cast in the season.[18] In March 2017, it was revealed that Daniel Sharman joined the cast as a series regular.[19] In April 2017, several new actors were announced having joined the series; including Dayton Callie (reprising his guest role from season 2) and Sam Underwood, who, along with Daniel Sharman play members of the Otto family; and Lisandra Tena as Lola Guerrero.[20]

text: Reception[edit]

text: Critical response[edit]

text: On Rotten Tomatoes, the season has a rating of 85%, based on 77 reviews, whose average rating is 7.52/10.[21]

text: Ratings[edit]

text:
No.
Title
Air date
Rating/share
(18–49)
Viewers
(millions)
DVR
(18–49)
DVR viewers
(millions)
Total
(18–49)
Total viewers
(millions)

1
"Eye of the Beholder"
June 4, 2017
1.2
3.11[3]
0.9
1.97
2.1
5.08[22]

2
"The New Frontier"
June 4, 2017
1.0
2.70[3]
1.0
1.93
2.0
4.63[22]

3
"TEOTWAWKI"
June 11, 2017
1.0
2.50[4]
0.8
1.72
1.8
4.22[23]

4
"100"
June 18, 2017
0.9
2.40[5]
0.8
1.67
1.7
4.07[24]

5
"Burning in Water, Drowning in Flame"
June 25, 2017
1.0
2.50[6]
0.8
1.68
1.8
4.18[25]

6
"Red Dirt"
July 2, 2017
0.8
2.19[7]
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A

7
"The Unveiling"
July 9, 2017
0.9
2.62[8]
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A

8
"Children of Wrath"
July 9, 2017
0.8
2.40[8]
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A

9
"Minotaur"
September 10, 2017
0.8
2.14[9]
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A

10
"The Diviner"
September 10, 2017
0.8
2.14[9]
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A

11
"La Serpiente"
September 17, 2017
0.7
1.99[10]
0.6
1.35
1.3
3.34[26]

12
"Brother's Keeper"
September 24, 2017
0.8
2.08[11]
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A

13
"This Land Is Your Land"
October 1, 2017
0.9
2.36[12]
0.6
1.40
1.5
3.77[27]

14
"El Matadero"
October 8, 2017
0.8
2.23[13]
0.6
1.51
1.4
3.74[28]

15
"Things Bad Begun"
October 15, 2017
0.8
2.23[14]
0.7
1.60
1.5
3.83[29]

16
"Sleigh Ride"
October 15, 2017
0.8
2.23[14]
0.7
1.60
1.5
3.83[29]


document_title: Oboe

question_text: is the oboe d'amore higher or lower in pitch than the orchestral oboe

root

text: Oboe

text: Sound[edit]

text: In comparison to other modern woodwind instruments, the treble oboe is sometimes referred to as having a clear and penetrating voice. The Sprightly Companion, an instruction book published by Henry Playford in 1695, describes the oboe as "Majestical and Stately, and not much Inferior to the Trumpet." Humorously, the sound is described in the play Angels in America as like "that of a duck if the duck were a songbird".[3] The rich timbre is derived from its conical bore (as opposed to the generally cylindrical bore of flutes and clarinets). As a result, oboes are readily audible over other instruments in large ensembles. The highest note is a semitone lower than the nominally highest note of the B♭ clarinet. Since the clarinet has a wider range, the lowest note of the B♭ clarinet is significantly deeper (a major or minor sixth) than the lowest note of the oboe.[4]

tag: p

text: Music for the standard oboe is written in concert pitch (i.e., it is not a transposing instrument), and the instrument has a soprano range, usually from B♭3 to G6. Orchestras tune to a concert A played by the first oboe.[5] According to the League of American Orchestras, this is done because the pitch is secure and its penetrating sound makes it ideal for tuning.[6] The pitch of the oboe is affected by the way in which the reed is made. The reed has a significant effect on the sound. Variations in cane and other construction materials, the age of the reed, and differences in scrape and length all affect the pitch. German and French reeds, for instance, differ in many ways, causing the sound to vary accordingly. Weather conditions such as temperature and humidity also affect the pitch. Skilled oboists adjust their embouchure to compensate for these factors. Subtle manipulation of embouchure and air pressure allows the oboist to express timbre and dynamics.

text:
Gran Concerto

Antonio Pasculli's Gran Concerto for Oboe and Piano. Performed by Alex Klein, oboe and Lisa Bergman, piano. The oboe begins playing about one minute in.

Problems playing this file? See media help.

tag: table

text: History[edit]

text: The regular oboe first appeared in the mid-17th century, when it was called a hautbois. This name was also used for its predecessor, the shawm, from which the basic form of the hautbois was derived.[7] Major differences between the two instruments include the division of the hautbois into three sections, or joints (which allowed for more precise manufacture), and the elimination of the pirouette, the wooden ledge below the reed which allowed players to rest their lips.

text: The exact date and place of origin of the hautbois are obscure, as are the individuals who were responsible. Circumstantial evidence, such as the statement by the flautist composer Michel de la Barre in his Memoire, points to members of the Philidor (Filidor) and Hotteterre families. The instrument may in fact have had multiple inventors.[8] The hautbois quickly spread throughout Europe, including Great Britain, where it was called "hautboy", "hoboy", "hautboit", "howboye", and similar variants of the French name.[9] It was the main melody instrument in early military bands, until it was succeeded by the clarinet.[10]

text: The standard Baroque oboe is generally made of boxwood and has three keys: a "great" key and two side keys (the side key is often doubled to facilitate use of either the right or left hand on the bottom holes). In order to produce higher pitches, the player has to "overblow", or increase the air stream to reach the next harmonic. Notable oboe-makers of the period are the Germans Jacob Denner and J.H. Eichentopf, and the English Thomas Stanesby (died 1734) and his son Thomas Jr (died 1754). The range for the Baroque oboe comfortably extends from C4 to D6. With the resurgence of interest in early music in the mid 20th century, a few makers began producing copies to specifications taken from surviving historical instruments.

text: Classical[edit]

text: The Classical period brought a regular oboe whose bore was gradually narrowed, and the instrument became outfitted with several keys, among them were those for the notes D♯, F, and G♯. A key similar to the modern octave key was also added called the "slur key", though it was at first used more like the "flick" keys on the modern German bassoon.[citation needed] Only later did French instrument makers redesign the octave key to be used in the manner of the modern key (i.e. held open for the upper register, closed for the lower). The narrower bore allows the higher notes to be more easily played, and composers began to more often utilize the oboe's upper register in their works. Because of this, the oboe's tessitura in the Classical era was somewhat broader than that found in Baroque works. The range for the Classical oboe extends from C4 to F6 (using the scientific pitch notation system), though some German and Austrian oboes are capable of playing one half-step lower. Classical-era composers who wrote concertos for oboe include Mozart (both the solo concerto in C major K. 314/285d and the lost original of Sinfonia Concertante in E♭ major K. 297b, as well as a fragment of F major concerto K. 417f), Haydn, (both the Sinfonia Concertante in B♭ Hob. I:105 and the spurious concerto in C major Hob. VIIg:C1), Beethoven (the F major concerto, Hess 12, of which only sketches survive, though the second movement was reconstructed in the late 20th century), and numerous other composers including Johann Christian Bach, Johann Christian Fischer, Jan Antonín Koželuh, and Ludwig August Lebrun. Many solos exist for the regular oboe in chamber, symphonic, and operatic compositions from the Classical era.

text: Viennese or Wiener oboe[edit]

text: The Wiener oboe is a type of modern oboe that retains the essential bore and tonal characteristics of the historical oboe. The Akademiemodel Wiener Oboe, first developed in the late 19th century by Josef Hajek from earlier instruments by C. T. Golde of Dresden (1803–73), is now made by several makers such as André Constantinides, Karl Rado, Guntram Wolf, Christian Rauch and Yamaha. It has a wider internal bore, a shorter and broader reed and the fingering-system is very different than the conservatoire oboe.[citation needed] In The Oboe, Geoffrey Burgess and Bruce Haynes write "The differences are most clearly marked in the middle register, which is reedier and more pungent, and the upper register, which is richer in harmonics on the Viennese oboe".[11] Guntram Wolf describes them: "From the concept of the bore, the Viennese oboe is the last representative of the historical oboes, adapted for the louder, larger orchestra, and fitted with an extensive mechanism. Its great advantage is the ease of speaking, even in the lowest register. It can be played very expressively and blends well with other instruments."[12] The Viennese oboe is, along with the Vienna horn, perhaps the most distinctive member of the Wiener Philharmoniker instrumentarium.

text: Conservatoire oboe[edit]

text: This oboe was developed further in the 19th century by the Triebert family of Paris. Using the Boehm flute as a source of ideas for key work, Guillaume Triebert and his sons, Charles and Frederic, devised a series of increasingly complex yet functional key systems. A variant form using large tone holes, the Boehm system oboe, was never in common use, though it was used in some military bands in Europe into the 20th century. F. Lorée of Paris made further developments to the modern instrument. Minor improvements to the bore and key work have continued through the 20th century, but there has been no fundamental change to the general characteristics of the instrument for several decades.[13]

text: The modern standard oboe is most commonly made from grenadilla, also known as African blackwood, though some manufacturers also make oboes out of other members of the genus Dalbergia, which includes cocobolo, rosewood, and violetwood (also known as kingwood). Ebony (genus Diospyros) has also been used. Student model oboes are often made from plastic resin, to avoid instrument cracking to which wood instruments are prone, but also to make the instrument more economical. The oboe has an extremely narrow conical bore. It is played with a double reed consisting of two thin blades of cane tied together on a small-diameter metal tube (staple) which is inserted into the reed socket at the top of the instrument. The commonly accepted range for the oboe extends from B♭3 to about G6, over two and a half octaves, though its common tessitura lies from C4 to E♭6. Some student oboes only extend down to B3 (the key for B♭ is not present). However this variant is becoming less common.

text: A modern oboe with the "full conservatoire" ("conservatory" in the US) or Gillet key system has 45 pieces of keywork, with the possible additions of a third octave key and alternate (left little finger) F- or C-key. The keys are usually made of nickel silver, and are silver- or occasionally gold-plated. Besides the full conservatoire system, oboes are also made using the British thumbplate system. Most have "semi-automatic" octave keys, in which the second-octave action closes the first, and some have a fully automatic octave key system, as used on saxophones. Some full-conservatory oboes have finger holes covered with rings rather than plates ("open-holed"), and most of the professional models have at least the right-hand third key open-holed. Professional oboes used in the UK and Iceland frequently feature conservatoire system combined with a thumb plate. Releasing the thumb plate has the same effect as pressing down the right-hand index-finger key. This produces alternate options which eliminate the necessity for most of the common cross-intervals (intervals where two or more keys need to be released and pressed down simultaneously), but cross intervals are much more difficult to execute in such a way that the sound remains clear and continuous throughout the frequency change (a quality also called legato and often called-for in the oboe repertoire).

text: Other members of the oboe family[edit]

text: The standard oboe has several siblings of various sizes and playing ranges. The most widely known and used today is the cor anglais, or English horn, the tenor (or alto) member of the family. A transposing instrument; it is pitched in F, a perfect fifth lower than the oboe. The oboe d'amore, the alto (or mezzo-soprano) member of the family, is pitched in A, a minor third lower than the oboe. J.S. Bach made extensive use of both the oboe d'amore as well as the taille and oboe da caccia, Baroque antecedents of the cor anglais. Even less common is the bass oboe (also called baritone oboe), which sounds one octave lower than the oboe. Delius and Holst both scored for the instrument. Similar to the bass oboe is the more powerful heckelphone, which has a wider bore and larger tone than the baritone oboe. Only 165 heckelphones have ever been made. Not surprisingly, competent heckelphone players are difficult to find due to the extreme rarity of this particular instrument.[14] The least common of all are the musette (also called oboe musette or piccolo oboe), the sopranino member of the family (it is usually pitched in E♭ or F above the oboe), and the contrabass oboe (typically pitched in C, two octaves deeper than the standard oboe).

text: Folk versions of the oboe, sometimes equipped with extensive keywork, are found throughout Europe. These include the musette (France) and the piston oboe and bombarde (Brittany), the piffero and ciaramella (Italy), and the xirimia (also spelled chirimia) (Spain). Many of these are played in tandem with local forms of bagpipe, particularly with the Italian zampogna or Breton biniou. Similar oboe-like instruments, most believed to derive from Middle Eastern models, are also found throughout Asia as well as in North Africa.[citation needed]

text: Reeds[edit]

text: Most professional oboists make their reeds to suit their individual needs. By making their reeds, oboists can precisely control factors such as tone color, intonation, and responsiveness. Occasionally, novice oboists may begin with a Fibrecane reed, which is made of a synthetic material. Commercially available cane reeds are available in several degrees of hardness; a medium reed is very popular, and most beginners use medium-soft reeds. These reeds, like clarinet, saxophone, and bassoon reeds, are made from Arundo donax. As oboists gain more experience, they may start making their own reeds after the model of their teacher or buying handmade reeds (usually from a professional oboist) and using special tools including gougers, pre-gougers, guillotines, knives, and other tools to make the reed to their liking. [15] According to the late John Mack, former principal oboist of the Cleveland Orchestra, an oboe student must fill a laundry basket with finished reeds in order to master the art.[16] "Making good reeds requires years of practice, and the amateur is often well advised not to embark on making his own reeds, ... Orchestral musicians sometimes do this [make reeds], and co-principals in particular often earn a bit on the side in this way. ... Many professional musicians import their reed cane ... directly from the growers in southern France and split it vertically into three parts themselves. Oboes require thicknesses of about 10 millimeters."[citation needed] This allows each oboist to adjust the reeds precisely for individual embouchure, oral cavity, oboe angle, and air support. The reed is considered the part of oboe playing that makes it so difficult because slight variations in temperature, altitude, weather, and climate will change a perfectly working reed into an unplayable collection of cane.

text: Notable classical works featuring the oboe[edit]

text:
Tomaso Albinoni, Oboe (and two-oboe) Concerti
Johann Sebastian Bach, Brandenburg concertos nos. 1 and 2, Concerto for Violin and oboe, lost oboe concerti, numerous oboe obbligato lines in the sacred and secular cantatas
Samuel Barber, Canzonetta, op. 48, for oboe and string orchestra (1977–78, orch. completed by Charles Turner)
Vincenzo Bellini, Concerto in E-flat, for oboe and chamber orchestra consisting of orchestra consisting of two flutes, two oboes, two clarinets, tho bassoons, two French horns, and strings (before 1825)
Luciano Berio, Chemins IV (on Sequenza VII), for oboe and string orchestra (1975)
Harrison Birtwistle, An Interrupted Endless Melody, for oboe and piano (1991)
Harrison Birtwistle, Pulse Sampler, for oboe and claves (1981)
Benjamin Britten, Six Metamorphoses after Ovid, op. 49, Temporal Variations, Two Insect Pieces, Phantasy Quartet, op. 2
Elliott Carter, Oboe Concerto (1986–87); Trilogy, for oboe and harp (1992); Quartet for oboe, violin, viola, and cello (2001)
Morton Feldman, Oboe and Orchestra (1976)
Domenico Cimarosa, Oboe Concerto in C major (arranged)
John Corigliano, Oboe Concerto (1975)
Antal Dorati, Duo Concertante for Oboe and Piano
Madeleine Dring, Three Piece Suite arr. Roger Lord
Madeleine Dring, Trio for oboe, flute and piano
Henri Dutilleux, Les Citations for oboe, harpsichord, double bass and percussion (1991)
Eric Ewazen, Down a River of Time, oboe and string orchestra (1999)
George Frideric Handel, "The Arrival of the Queen of Sheba", Oboe Concerto No. 1, No. 2, No. 3 and Sonatas
Joseph Haydn (spurious-possibly by Malzat), Oboe Concerto in C major
Hans Werner Henze, Doppio concerto, for oboe, harp, and string orchestra (1966)
Jennifer Higdon, Oboe Concerto, 2005
Paul Hindemith, Sonata for Oboe and Piano
Heinz Holliger, Sonata, for unaccompanied oboe (1956–57/99); Mobile, for oboe and harp (1962); Trio, for oboe (doubling English horn), viola, and harp (1966); Studie über Mehrklänge, for unaccompanied oboe (1971); Sechs Stücke, for oboe (doubling oboe d’amore) and harp (1998–99)
Charles Koechlin Sonata for Oboe and Piano, Op. 58
Antonio Lotti, Concerto for oboe d'amore
Witold Lutosławski, Double Concerto for Oboe, Harp, and Chamber Orchestra
Bruno Maderna, 3 oboe concertos (1962–63) (1967) (1973); Grande aulodia, for flute, oboe, and orchestra (1970), Aulodia for Oboe d´amore (and guitar ad Libitum)
Alessandro Marcello, Concerto in D minor
Bohuslav Martinů, Concerto for Oboe and Small Orchestra
Olivier Messiaen, Concert à quatre
Darius Milhaud, Les rêves de Jacob, op. 294, for oboe, violin, viola, cello, and doublebass (1949); Sonatina, op. 337, for oboe and piano (1954)
Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart, Oboe Concerto in C major, Quartet in F major for oboe, violin, viola, and cello
Carl Nielsen, Two Fantasy Pieces for Oboe and Piano, op. 2
Antonio Pasculli, oboe concertos for oboe and piano/orchestra
Francis Poulenc, Oboe Sonata
Sergei Prokofiev, Quintet for Oboe, Clarinet, Violin, Viola and Bass op. 39 (1923)
Maurice Ravel, Le Tombeau de Couperin
Edmund Rubbra, Oboe Sonata
Camille Saint-Saëns, Sonata for Oboe and Piano in D Major
Robert Schumann, Three Romances for Oboe and Piano
Karlheinz Stockhausen, In Freundschaft, for oboe, Nr. 46⅔, Oboe for oboe and electronic music (from Orchester-Finalisten, scene 2 of Mittwoch aus Licht)
Richard Strauss, Oboe Concerto
Igor Stravinsky, Pastorale (transcribed in 1933 for Violin and Wind Quartet)
Toru Takemitsu, Distance for Oboe and Shō [ad lib.] (1971)
Toru Takemitsu, Entre-Temps for Oboe and String Quartett (1981)
Josef Tal, Duo for oboe & English horn (1992)
Tchaikovsky, Theme to Swan Lake
Georg Philipp Telemann, oboe concerti and sonatas, trio sonatas for oboe, recorder, and basso continuo
Joan Tower, Island Prelude (1988)
Antonio Vivaldi, at least 15 oboe concertos
Ralph Vaughan Williams, Concerto for Oboe and Strings, Ten Blake Songs for oboe and tenor
John Woolrich, Oboe Concerto (1996)
Jan Dismas Zelenka (1723) Concertanti, Oboe Trios and other works [17]
Bernd Alois Zimmermann, Concerto for Oboe and Small Orchestra (1952)
Ellen Taaffe Zwilich, Oboe Concerto

tag: ul

text: Unaccompanied pieces[edit]

text:
Luciano Berio, Sequenza VII (1969)
Benjamin Britten, Six Metamorphoses after Ovid, Op.49 (1951)
Carlos Chávez, Upingos (1957)
Peter Maxwell Davies, First Grace of Light (1991)
John Palmer, Hinayana (1999), including extended techniques
Antal Dorati, Five Pieces for Solo Oboe (1980)

text: Use in non-classical music[edit]

text: Traditional and folk music[edit]

text: Although folk oboes are still used in many European folk music traditions, the modern oboe has been little used in folk music. One exception was Derek Bell, harpist for the Irish group The Chieftains, who used the regular instrument in some performances and recordings. The United States contra dance band Wild Asparagus, based in western Massachusetts, also uses the oboe, played by David Cantieni. The folk musician Paul Sartin plays the oboe in several English folk bands including Faustus and Bellowhead. Welsh bagpipe player and bagpipe maker Jonathan Shorland plays a 'rustic oboe' similar to the Breton 'piston' with the bands Primeaval and Juice. He formerly played with Fernhill, who play traditional Welsh music. The popular traditional music of Brittany boasts a significant professional class of musicians playing increasingly sophisticated double reed instruments, supported by professional instrument makers, reed manufacturers and the educational system. The Breton 'piston' oboe and bombard have expanded from traditional roles into genres as diverse as jazz, rock, and classical music.[citation needed]

text: Jazz[edit]

text: The oboe remains uncommon in jazz music, but there have been notable uses of the instrument. Some early bands in the 1920s and '30s, most notably that of Paul Whiteman, included it for coloristic purposes. The multi-instrumentalist Garvin Bushell (1902–1991) played the oboe in jazz bands as early as 1924 and used the instrument throughout his career, eventually recording with John Coltrane in 1961.[18] Gil Evans featured oboe in sections of his famous Sketches of Spain collaboration with trumpeter Miles Davis. Though primarily a tenor saxophone and flute player, Yusef Lateef was among the first (in 1961) to use the oboe as a solo instrument in modern jazz performances and recordings. Composer and double bassist Charles Mingus gave the oboe a brief but prominent role (played by Dick Hafer) in his composition "I.X. Love" on the 1963 album Mingus Mingus Mingus Mingus Mingus. Marshall Allen occasionally played an oboe with Sun Ra.[citation needed]

text: With the birth of jazz fusion in the late 1960s, and its continuous development through the following decade, the oboe became somewhat more prominent, replacing on some occasions the saxophone as the focal point. The oboe was used with great success by the Welsh multi-instrumentalist Karl Jenkins in his work with the groups Nucleus and Soft Machine, and by the American woodwind player Paul McCandless, co-founder of the Paul Winter Consort and later Oregon. Romeo Penque also played the oboe on Roland Kirk's 1975 album Return of the 5000 Lb. Man, in the song "Theme for the Eulipions."[citation needed]

text: The 1980s saw an increasing number of oboists try their hand at non-classical work, and many players of note have recorded and performed alternative music on oboe. Some present-day jazz groups influenced by classical music, such as the Maria Schneider Orchestra, feature the oboe.[citation needed]

text: Rock and pop[edit]

text: The oboe has been used sporadically in rock/pop recordings (e.g., The Carpenters' "For All We Know," 1970; Donovan's "Jennifer Juniper," 1968), generally by studio musicians on recordings of specific songs.[citation needed]

text: Peter Gabriel, during his period as lead singer in the progressive rock band Genesis, played oboe on some of the group's studio recordings. Andy Mackay played oboe for Roxy Music both in the studio and on stage.[citation needed]

text: In the 2000s, Robbie J. de Klerk, the vocalist of the Dutch melodic doom/death metal band Another Messiah[19] also played the oboe in most songs. In America, the band Hoboe defines itself as a rock band showcasing amplified oboe since 2000, fronted by oboist Zen Ben.[20] Indie singer-songwriter and composer Sufjan Stevens, having studied the instrument in school, often includes the instrument in his arrangements and compositions, most frequently in his geographic tone-poems Illinois, Michigan, and his orchestral suite The BQE.[21]

text: For a historical sampling of songs featuring the oboe see Oboes in popular music

text: Film music[edit]

text: The oboe is frequently featured in film music, often to underscore a particularly poignant or sad scene, for example in the motion picture Born on the Fourth of July, where an oboe delicately takes the theme with a romantic and harmonic touch before the strings hand it over once again to the trumpet. One of the most prominent uses of the oboe in a film score is Ennio Morricone's "Gabriel's Oboe" theme from the 1986 film The Mission.

text: It is featured as a solo instrument in the theme "Across the Stars" from the John Williams score to Star Wars: Episode II – Attack of the Clones. The oboe is also used in "The Search" from the Basil Poledouris score to Conan the Barbarian.

text: Ilaiyaraja, a famous Indian film music composer, has also used the oboe in much of his film music. Examples include Dalapathi (1991); the title track of Aditya 369 (1991); Pazhassiraja (2009); and Nandalaala (2010). The oboe has also been used by more recent Indian music composers, such as A. R. Rahman, who has used it in the movie Jodha Akbar (2008).

text: Notable oboists[edit]

text: Oboe manufacturers[edit]

text:
Barrington Instruments Inc. (Barrington, Illinois, USA)
Boosey and Hawkes (1851-1970s) (London, UK)
Buffet Crampon (Mantes-la-Ville, France)
Bulgheroni (Parè, Italy)
Cabart or Thibouville-Cabart (1869–1974, bought out by F. Lorée) (Paris, France)
Carmichael (UK)
Chauvet (until ~ 1975) (Paris, France)
Mark Chudnow (MCW, Sierra) (Napa, California, USA)
Constantinides (Pöggstall, Austria)
Covey (Blairsville, Georgia, USA)
Dupin (Moutfort, Luxembourg)
D.W.K (Seoul, Korea)
Fossati (incl. Tiery) (Paris, France)
Fox (South Whitley, Indiana, USA)
Frank (Berlin, Germany)
Graessel (Nürnberg, Germany)
Heckel (until the 1960s) (Wiesbaden, Germany)
Thomas Hiniker Woodwinds (Rochester, Minnesota, USA)
TW Howarth (London, UK)
Incagnoli (Rome, Italy)
A. Jardé (prior to WWII) (Paris, France)
Josef (Okinawa and Tokyo, Japan)
V. Kohlert & Söhne (1840-1948 Graslitz, Czechoslovakia, 1948-1970s Kohlert & Co. Winnenden, Germany)
Kreul (incl. Mirafone) (Tübingen, Germany)
J. R. LaFleur (1865–1938, bought by Boosey & Hawkes) (London, UK)
Larilee Woodwind Corp. (USA) (Elkhart, Indiana, USA)
A. Läubin [22] (incl. "A. Barré") (Peekskill, New York, USA)
G. LeBlanc (France-USA)
Linton (Elkhart, Indiana, USA)
F. Lorée [23] (incl. Cabart) (Paris, France)
Louis (prior to WWII) (London, UK)
Malerne (until 1974, bought by Marigaux) (La Couture-Boussey, France)
Marigaux [24] (Mantes-la-Ville, France)
Markardt (until 1976, bought by Mönnig) (Erlbach, Germany)
Mollenauer (before WWII; now only recorders) (Fulda, Germany)
Gebr. Mönnig - Oscar Adler (Markneukirchen, Germany)
Orsi (Tradate, Italy)
John Packer (Taunton, UK)
Patricola (Castelnuovo Scrivia, Italy)
Püchner (Nauheim, Germany)
Karl Radovanovic (Vienna, Austria)
Rigoutat (incl. RIEC) (Saint-Maur-des-Fossés, France)
A. Robert (prior to WWII) (Paris, France)
Sand N. Dalton, Instrument Maker (Lopez Island WA, USA)
Selmer (incl. Bundy, Lesher, Omega, Signet) (France, USA)
Tom Sparkes (Hornsby, New South Wales, Australia)
Ward & Winterbourne (London, UK)
Guntram Wolf (Kronach, Germany)
Yamaha (Japan)

text: Notes[edit]

text:
Jump up ^ "Sound Characteristics of the Oboe". Vienna Symphonic Library. Retrieved 9 September 2012.
Jump up ^ Marcuse 1975, 371.
Jump up ^ Kushner 1993, 167: "The oboe: official instrument of the International Order of Travel Agents. If the duck was a songbird it would sing like this. Nasal, desolate, the call of migratory things."
Jump up ^ http://www.ifcompare.com/clarinet-vs-oboe/
Jump up ^ Thomas, Julia. "Executive Director of the Rockford Symphony Orchestra". Rockford Symphony Orchestra. Rockford Symphony Orchestra. Retrieved October 20, 2014.
Jump up ^ "About the Orchestra" American League of Orchestras, (accessed January 1, 2009).
Jump up ^ Burgess & Haynes 2004, 27
Jump up ^ Burgess & Haynes 2004, 28 ff
Jump up ^ Carse 1965, 120.
Jump up ^ Burgess & Haynes 2004, 102.
Jump up ^ Burgess & Haynes 2004, 212.
Jump up ^ "Modern Woodwind Instruments". Guntram Wolf. Retrieved 27 November 2012.
Jump up ^ Howe 2003.
Jump up ^ Howe and Hurd 2004.
Jump up ^ Joppig 1988, 208–209.
Jump up ^ Masterclass by John Mack, Aspen Music Festival and School, 2004
Jump up ^ JD Zelenka
Jump up ^ Coltrane Discography Archived 2009-01-02 at the Wayback Machine. Dave Wild
Jump up ^ Another Messiah Encyclopaedia Metallum
Jump up ^ Hoboe Hoboe.com
Jump up ^ Album Credits for Sufjan Stevens Allmusic.com
Jump up ^ A. Laubin, Inc
Jump up ^ Loree Paris
Jump up ^ Marigaux

tag: ol


document_title: Indirect rule

question_text: who practiced indirect rule with their african colonies

text: Indirect rule

text: British Empire[edit]

text: Some British colonies were ruled directly by the Colonial Office in London, while others were ruled indirectly through local rulers who are supervised behind the scenes by British  advisors. In 1890 Zanzibar became a protectorate (not a colony) of Britain. Prime minister Salisbury explained his position:

text: The Princely States of India were ruled indirectly.[3] So too was much of the West African holdings.[4]

text: In Africa[edit]

text: The ideological underpinnings, as well as the practical application, of indirect rule in Kenya and Nigeria is usually traced to the work of Frederick Lugard, the High Commissioner of the Protectorate of Northern Nigeria from 1899 to 1906.  In the lands of the Sokoto Caliphate, conquered by the British Empire at the turn of the century, Lugard instituted a system whereby external, military, and tax control was operated by the British, while most every other aspect of life was left to local pre-British aristocracies who may have sided with the British during or after their conquest.  The theory behind this solution to a very practical problem (a problem referred to as 'The Native Problem' by Mahmood Mamdani in his work Citizen and Subject) of domination by a tiny group of foreigners of huge populations is laid out in Lugard's influential work, The Dual Mandate in British Tropical Africa.

text: In India[edit]

text: The largest application of Indirect rule was in British Asia, in hundreds of pre-colonial states, first seen at work under the East India Company's system of subsidiary alliances in the Indian subcontinent. The areas thus brought into the British sphere of influence became known as the Indian Princely States. Subsequently, the same principle was applied in strategic regions on the sea routes to India, especially in the Persian Gulf protected states.

text: In the British colonies, the laws were typically made by a British Governor and legislative council, but in the protectorates and princely states local rulers retained their traditional administrative authority and ability to legislate, subject to British control of certain areas. Indirect rule was particularly effective in enabling the British to exploit natural resources and raw materials of vast subordinate nations. The establishment of naval and military bases in strategic points around the globe maintained the necessary power to underpin such control.

text: Practical implementation of indirect rule[edit]

text: Indirect rule was cheaper and easier for the European powers, and in particular it required fewer administrators, but it did have a number of problems. In many cases, European authorities empowered local traditional leaders, as in the case of the monarchy of Uganda, but if no suitable leader could be found (in the traditional Western sense of the term), the Europeans would simply choose local rulers to suit them.[5] This was the case in Kenya and Southern Nigeria, and the new leaders, often called "warrant chiefs",  were not always supported by the local population. The European ruling classes also often chose local leaders with similar traits to their own, despite these traits not being suited to native leadership. Many were conservative elders, and thus indirect rule fostered a conservative outlook among the indigenous population and marginalised the young intelligentsia. Written laws, which replaced oral laws, were less flexible to the changing social nature, old customs of retribution and justice were removed or banned, and the removal of more violent punishments in some areas led to an increase in crime.[citation needed] Furthermore, leaders empowered by the governments of European powers were often not familiar with their new tasks, such as recruitment and tax.[6]

text: Interpretations[edit]

text: From the early 20th century, French and British writers helped establish a dichotomy between British Indirect rule, exemplified by the Indian princely states and by Lord Lugard's writings on the administration of northern Nigeria, and French colonial direct rule. As with British theorists, French colonial officials like Félix Eboué or Robert Delavignette[7] wrote and argued throughout the first half of the 20th century for a distinct French style of rule that was centralized, uniform, and aimed at assimilating colonial subjects into the French polity.[8][9][10]  French rule, sometimes labeled Jacobin, was said in these writings to be based on the twin ideologies of the centralized unitary French government of the Metropole, with the French colonial ideology of Assimilation. Colonial Assimilation argued that French law and citizenship was based on universal values that came from the French Revolution. Mirroring French domestic citizenship law, French colonial law allowed for anyone who could prove themselves culturally French (the "Évolués") to become equal French citizens.[11][12][13][14][15]  In French West Africa, only parts of the Senegalese "Four Communes" ever extended French citizenship outside a few educated African elite.[16][17] This was contrasted with British Indirect Rule, which never foresaw subject Protectorates becoming legally assimilated into "the home nations".

text: While making more subtle distinctions, this model of direct versus indirect rule was dominant in academia from the 1930s[18] until the 1970s.[19][20][21]

text: Academics since the 1970s have problematised the Direct versus Indirect Rule dichotomy,[22] arguing the systems were in practice intermingled in both British and French colonial governance, and that the perception of indirect rule was sometimes promoted to justify quite direct rule structures.[23][24]

text: Mahmood Mamdani and other academics[25][26] have discussed extensively how both Direct and Indirect rule were attempts to implement identical goals of foreign rule, but how the "Indirect" strategy helped to create ethnic and racial cleavages within ruled societies which persist in hostile communal relations and dysfunctional strategies of  government.[27][28] Mamdani himself famously described indirect rule as "decentralised despotism".[29]

text: Some political scientists have even expanded the debate on how direct versus indirect rule experiences continue to affect contemporary governance into how governments which have never experienced colonialism rule.[30]


document_title: 2009 Seattle Sounders FC season

question_text: who was the first drafted player for the sounders

question_tokens: who was the first drafted player for the sounders

text: 2009 Seattle Sounders FC season

text: Background[edit]

text: In a press conference on November 13, 2007, MLS announced the award of an MLS expansion team franchise to Seattle.[3] In 2008, Sounders FC developed the Starfire Sports Complex in Tukwila and the USL team played most of the 2008 season at the updated facility. At the time, the USL team's management thought that practicing and playing at Starfire could provide more continuity and a smoother transition for those hoping to play for the new MLS franchise.[4]

text: In early December 2008, Seattle Sounders FC reportedly offered a coaching contract to Sigi Schmid, who led the Los Angeles Galaxy to a MLS Cup in 2002 and the Columbus Crew to a MLS Cup in 2008. However, before Schmid could respond to the contract offer, the ownership of the Columbus Crew filed a tampering complaint with the MLS that put the offer on hold. The Crew's ownership complained that Schmid had communicated with Sounders FC during the 2008 season, despite being denied permission to do so, and that he shared confidential information with Sounders FC after leaving the Crew.[5] The MLS ruled that no tampering occurred, but ordered Sounders FC to financially compensate the Crew before signing Schmid.[6] Sounders FC officially introduced Schmid as their first coach on December 16.[7] Former USL Sounders player and head coach Brian Schmetzer was retained as the top assistant coach, and Tom Dutra was selected as goalkeeper coach.[8][9] Retired Major League Soccer veteran defender Ezra Hendrickson joined the Sounders as an assistant coach in January, 2009.[10] Former MLS player and Everett, Washington, native Chris Henderson was named technical director on January 24, 2008.[11] Joining Henderson in the front office is longtime Seattle Seahawks VP Gary Wright as the senior vice president of business operations.[12] Drew Carey was named the chairman of the Membership Association.[13]

text: Signings and drafts[edit]

text: Seattle Sounders FC was given first negotiation rights to any player that was not drafted in the 2008 MLS SuperDraft and joined the USL Sounders for the 2008 season. The team was also allowed to promote as many players from the 2008 USL Sounders squad as they'd chose, as long as the player's rights were not controlled by another team.[14] Seattle Sounders FC officially announced the 2007 USL First Division MVP and former USL Sounder Sébastien Le Toux as its first signing on May 7, 2008.[15] On August 14, 2008, the Sounders announced in a press conference their second signing for the 2009 season, former United States men's national team goalkeeper Kasey Keller, a Washington native.[16] On September 5, 2008, Seattle Sounders FC announced the third signee for the franchise to be Sanna Nyassi from Gambia. Nyassi, a 19-year-old midfielder, was a member of the Gambia U-20 national team at the 2007 FIFA Championship. Sanna’s twin brother, Sainey Nyassi, was signed by the Revolution and is a regular starter in MLS this season.[17] On October 28, 2008, it was officially announced that the Sounders had signed Swedish midfielder Fredrik Ljungberg using the Designated Player Rule. He signed a two-year contract reported to be worth $2.5 million per season.[18]

text: Team building continued with the 2008 MLS Expansion Draft and the 2009 MLS SuperDraft. In the expansion draft, held on November 26, 2008, Seattle Sounders FC selected the following players from other MLS teams: Nate Jaqua (Houston), Brad Evans (Columbus), Stephen King (Chicago), Jeff Parke (RBNY), James Riley (San Jose), Khano Smith (New England), Jarrod Smith (Toronto FC), Nathan Sturgis (Real Salt Lake), Peter Vagenas (LA Galaxy) and Tyson Wahl (Kansas City).[19] As the 2009 expansion team Sounders FC was given the first pick in each round of the SuperDraft. With the number one pick of the first round of the draft, Seattle Sounders FC selected University of Akron forward Steve Zakuani. As the first picks of the second round (16th overall), third round (31st overall), and fourth round (46th overall), Seattle selected Wake Forest University defender Evan Brown, Azusa Pacific University defender Jared Karkas, and Harvard University midfielder/forward Michael Fucito respectively.[20]

text: The team lineup was adjusted throughout. Defender Jeff Parke was selected in the expansion draft, and reported for training camp after tryouts with teams in Belgium.[21][22] After training with the club for less than a week, Parke was unable to reach a contract agreement and left to train with the Vancouver Whitecaps of the USL.[23] FC traded a conditional draft pick to Houston in order to acquire defender Patrick Ianni, who had worked with Seattle's coach Schmid on the under-20 US national team.[24] Seattle also traded allocation money to Toronto FC in exchange for Tyrone Marshall in order to increase their depth on defense.[25] The Sounders also traded away midfielder Khano Smith, another expansion draft selection, to Red Bull New York for allocation money.[26]

text: Review[edit]

text: Preseason[edit]

text: Seattle's preseason was broken up into four stages. The team started in southern California, then moved back to the Northwest, then to Argentina, and then finished back in Seattle.[27] On February 9, 2009 in their first ever exhibition game, Sounders FC beat the Los Angeles Galaxy 3–1 on a practice field beside The Home Depot Center in Carson, California. Fredy Montero, Roger Levesque and Sanna Nyassi all scored goals in the win.[28] The next day, Sounders FC had their second training match in Ventura, California against Chinese club Shandong Luneng. They won 2–0 with both goals provided by midfielder Sanna Nyassi.[29] The following day, February 11, Sounders FC defeated the Ventura County Fusion of the USL Premier Development League 6–1 in their third preseason match in three days. Steve Zakuani and Nate Jaqua both scored two goals while Fredy Montero and Roger Levesque added one each.[30] On February 14, Sounders FC experienced their first loss of the preseason falling 3–2 to the San Jose Earthquakes while playing on the campus of California Polytechnic State University in San Luis Obispo, California. Fredy Montero scored both of the Sounders FC goals in the loss.[31]

text: Following their activities in southern California, Sounders FC's returned to the Pacific Northwest to continue their training. On the evening of February 20, 2009, Sounders FC defeated the University of Portland Pilots 4–1. Nate Jaqua and Kasey Keller received a pregame ovation because they both had played collegiate soccer with the Pilots. Jaqua, along with trialist Jeff Clark, Fredy Montero, and Brad Evans scored goals for Seattle.[32] Two days later, the club played their first preseason match at Qwest Field as they defeated the Vancouver Whitecaps 4–0. Forwards Nate Jaqua and Fredy Montero scored two goals apiece.[33]

text: Next the club traveled to Buenos Aires, Argentina where they continued training and played 4 more preseason matches. Seattle played the first of these matches against Estudiantes de La Plata on February 27, who they lost to 1–3.[34] On February 28, Sounders FC had their first tie of the preseason, 1–1 against CED, a team made up of local free agent players.[34][35] The club defeated Argentine second division opponents Tristán Suárez 5–0. Michael Fucito, Fredy Montero, Brad Evans and Zach Scott and Sebastian Le Toux all scored in the victory.[36] One day later, due to heavy rain, an exhibition match against Gimnasia La Plata was canceled.[37] In the club's final preseason match in Argentina, they faced reserve players of River Plate on March 5. They were held scoreless by River Plate with a final score of 1–0.[38]

text: After completing training exercises in Argentina, the club returned to Seattle for the remainder of the preseason. On March 9, Designated Player Freddie Ljungberg joined practice for the first time. Ljungberg had missed most of the preseason due to hip surgery he had undergone in December.[39] On March 12, Sounders FC played their final preseason match against the Colorado Rapids of the MLS at Qwest Field. Seattle lost 1–0 on a penalty kick by Colorado's Conor Casey.[40] Seattle finished preseason exhibition play with a record of 7 wins, 3 losses, and 1 tie.

text: March[edit]

text: Prior to the first game of the season, all 22,000 season ticket packages offered by the team were sold, giving the team the most season ticket holders in Major League Soccer.[41] On March 19, Seattle Sounders FC began their first regular season with a 3–0 win over the New York Red Bulls. Fredy Montero scored the first regular season goal in team history, finishing a movement from Sebastien Le Toux and Osvaldo Alonso in the 12th minute. Montero assisted Brad Evans' goal, and also scored the team's third goal. Kasey Keller, a veteran American goalkeeper who had played his entire career abroad, made his MLS debut at 39 years of age, and made two saves to register the team's first regular season shutout.[42]

text: On March 24 Seattle signed Kevin Forrest as a Senior Developmental player after he was released by Colorado.[43] On March 28 Sounders FC continued the success of their fast start with a second consecutive home shutout, defeating Real Salt Lake 2–0. Designated player Freddie Ljungberg made his first regular season appearance as a substitute in the 61st minute of play. Nate Jaqua scored in the 17th minute, and Fredy Montero scored his league leading third goal of the season in the 77th minute.[44][45]

text: March saw Montero winning Player of the Week honors for week 1 and Keller for week 2.[46][47] Montero won Goal of the Week for the first two games and was named the Player of the Month.[48]

text: April[edit]

text: After their first two victories at home, Sounders FC played their first away game in history against Toronto FC. The Sounders expected a challenging away environment but were victorious were able to win in another 2–0 shutout. Montero missed the match due to illness. Soon after, reports out of Seattle linked Montero to a sexual assault case with an unidentified woman. In a statement made by Sounders publicist, Montero asserted that the allegations stemmed from a disagreement in which he sought to end the relationship.[49] and a police inquiry resulted in no charges being filed.

text: After winning their first three games, Seattle Sounders FC suffered their first competitive loss at home against the Kansas City Wizards. Kasey Keller was sent off in the 29th minute for a handball outside the 18-yard box, as the Sounders fell 1–0 to the Wizards. The following week they lost at Chivas USA. Chris Eylander was scored on twice while covering the goal during Keller's suspension. The Sounders again failed to score.

text: The Sounders returned to their winning ways in a 2–0 home win versus the San Jose Earthquakes.

text: April 28 was the beginning of the team's Open Cup campaign. Schmid asserted that the competition was important and won the first of two qualifying rounds 4 – 1 against Real Salt Lake.[50] The Sounders have played home games at the Starfire Sports Complex in Tukwila. The facility is older and smaller than Qwest Field but the Sounders say the atmosphere is better for smaller cup matches.[51]

text: May[edit]

text: The following 5 weeks the Sounders managed to gain 5 points in the standings as they tied each game. First, a 1–1 tie at the Chicago Fire in which striker Fredy Montero was sent off in the 48th minute for an elbow to the face of Gonzalo Segares while both players went up for a ball in the air.[52] Then another 1–1 tie the next week at home against the Los Angeles Galaxy in which yet another red card was issued, to James Riley this time, in the 57th minute for a "phantom blow" to Mike Magee as the two got into a scrum.[53] Two more away ties followed, first against FC Dallas 1–1 and then another at Colorado, 2–2. Ljungberg missed three games during this period due to migraine headaches.[54] May 31, 2009 Sounders FC then returned home for their 5th consecutive tie in league play, this time 1–1 against the Columbus Crew in which Tyrone Marshal was ejected in the 92nd minute when he threw what the referee believed was a punch at Steven Lenhart in retaliation for an elbow. The Sounders accumulated another three yellow cards throughout the match.[55] Jaqua's goal received Goal of the Week honors.

text: On May 26, the Sounders qualified for the U.S. open Cup by defeating the Colorado Rapids 1–0 at Starfire.

text: June[edit]

text: Seattle started June with a 1–0 loss at Chivas. Their penalty woes continued as Jhon Kennedy Hurtado accumulated his fifth yellow card and Nate Jaqua received two yellow cards resulting in them both being suspended for the next game. After the first 12 games of the season, Sounders FC were in 5th place overall and were tied for the league lead with 5 red card ejections and 6 disciplinary suspensions.

text: On June 13, in a rematch with San Jose, Sounders FC began a stretch where 4 of their next 5 games would be played in front of their home crowd at Qwest Field. The match was the first to be counted for the supporter sponsored Heritage Cup. Ljungberg and Montero both scored as the Sounders prevailed with a 2–1 victory.

text: On June 10 Lamar Neagle was signed as a Senior Developmental player on the official roster.[56]

text: On June 17, the Sounders blew a 3–1 lead to tie against D.C. United by a score of 3–3. The match was the sixth draw in eight regular season matches.[57] They drew again with a goal a piece at New York the following week.

text: In week 23, the Sounders defeated the Rapids who had been undefeated in the previous eight games. Jaqua set up the first goal by Montero. Jaqua then scored twice off of assists from Montero to end the game 3–0.[58] Jaqua's performance earned Goal of the Week and Player of the Week.

text: July[edit]

text: On July 1, Sounders FC traveled to Portland and eliminated the Timbers of the USL in the third round of the U.S. Open Cup. The game was played in front of an emotionally charged sold out crowd.[59] Roger Levesque — a player Portland fans have had a particular dislike for – scored Seattle's first goal within the opening minute.[60] The following week, in a quarterfinal match, Sounders FC defeated visiting Kansas City on a penalty kick in the 89th minute by Sebastien Le Toux.[61]

text: It was announced in early July that the Sounders had signed left-footed Costa Rican defender Leonardo González to help at the left back position. The position had been a weak spot in Seattle's defense and filled by three separate players throughout the season.[62]

text: On July 11, the Sounders hosted the Houston Dynamo at Qwest Field. Brian Schmetzer filled in for Schmid who was at his son's wedding. Ianni scored his first goal of the season on bicycle kick that would earn him the MLS goal of the Week.[63] On the following Tuesday, the Sounders defeated the Dynamo at Strfire in the U.S. Open Cup semifinals. Houston led when Jaqua scored in the 89th minute. King scored a goal five minutes into extra time, thus sending the Sounders FC to the Open Cup finals against D.C. United.[64]

text: On July 18, 2009 the Seattle Sounders lost 0–2 in a friendly with Chelsea. All sections of the stadium were open and sold out with a crowd of 65,289 in attendance.[65] The game was the first with the team for Chelsea's new manager, Carlo Ancelotti, and their new forward Daniel Sturridge.[66]

text: Seattle finished July at home with a scoreless draw against Chicago. The Fire went a man down in the 54th minute but Ljungberg was ejected minutes later after protesting a yellow card for what the referee saw as diving in the penalty area.[67]

text: Keller and Ljungberg were named to the 2009 MLS All-Star Game by votes from fans. Ljungberg lead the MLS in total votes. Hurtado and Montero were later selected for the game held on July 29. Ljungberg missed the final shot in the loss which was decided by penalty kicks. He was later hospitalized due to another migraine.

text: August[edit]

text: On August 2, the Sounders were shut out 4–0 by last-place San Jose. Riley received a red card in the 39th minute while the Earthquakes scored three times in the second half.[68] Although Seattle had won the previous two matches, San Jose won the Heritage Cup by goal differential since the first game was not included in the supporter created competition.[69]

text: In the second international friendly of the season the Sounders lost against FC Barcelona 0–4 on August 5. The attendance set the state's record for a soccer match at 66,848. Thierry Henry compared the crowd to those in Europe and called the fans "amazing". Schmid expressed his hope that the fans were not disappointed by the loss and said "I hope they realize they got to watch a great team".[70]

text: On August 8, Sounders FC received their third straight shutout in regular season play in a 1–0 loss at Salt Lake. Schmidt called it "a silly loss".[71]

text: At Los Angeles on August 15, Seattle won for the first time on the road since April 4. Along with the Marshall, the match saw the Galaxy's Beckham and Lewis ejected in a two-goal shutout. Zakuani won Goal of the Week for his goal made after a run into the box and cross from Evans.[72]

text: Seattle lost at New England 1–0. Ljungberg did not travel with the team due to what would be diagnosed as hypoglycemia.[73]

text: September[edit]

text: When D.C. United won the US Soccer bidding process to host the tournament's final match,[74] Sounders FC general manager Adrian Hanauer expressed skepticism that D.C.'s bid to host the final had been better than the Seattle bid. He further noted that if Seattle had hosted the match, it likely would have sold out.[75] This prompted a pointed reply from D.C. United president Kevin Payne in which he argued that D.C. United had won the bidding process fairly and that he was offended by Hanauer's comments.[76] On the heels of this public disagreement, D.C. United launched a marketing campaign to sell more tickets to the match which included a web site heralding the club's history of titles as an original MLS franchise, WeWinTrophies.com; an open letter placed in local newspapers declaring that D.C. fans set the standard for support in the league and that Sounders FC and its fans did not think D.C. deserved to host; videos on the team's official blog from local celebrities urging fans to attend and ticket and concession specials for the game.[77] On September 2, 2009 the US Open Cup final was played in Washington D.C.'s RFK Stadium. Sounders FC prevailed 2–1 becoming the second MLS expansion team in league history (Chicago being the first) to win the Cup in their inaugural MLS season.[78]

text: October[edit]

text: This section is empty. You can help by adding to it. (January 2011)

text: Significance[edit]

text:
League attendance record[80]
Fan culture and demographics[81]
Economic impact[82]
Leiweke recognized for successful expansion launch in a recession[83]
State Senate resolution[84]

text: Match results[edit]

text: Win   Tie   Loss

text: Preseason[edit]

text:
February 9, 2009
Los Angeles Galaxy
1–3
 Seattle Sounders FC
[show]Carson, California USA

15:00 PST
Lewis  2'
Report
Montero  28' (pen.)
Levesque  84'
Nyassi  90'
Stadium: The Home Depot Center

text:
February 10, 2009
Shandong Luneng
0–2
 Seattle Sounders FC
[show]Ventura, California USA

16:00 PST

Report
Nyassi  56', 75'
Stadium: Ventura College

text:
February 11, 2009
Ventura County Fusion
1–6
 Seattle Sounders FC
[show]Ventura, California USA

19:00 PST
Aghasyan  13'
Report
Montero  7'
Zakuani  9', 21'
Jaqua  43', 44'
Levesque  83'
Stadium: Ventura College

text:
February 13, 2009
San Jose Earthquakes
3–2
 Seattle Sounders FC
[show]San Luis Obispo, California USA

19:00 PST
Johnson  7', 22'
Amarikwa  46'
Report
Montero  11', 44'
Stadium: Alex G. Spanos Stadium

text:
February 20, 2009
Portland Pilots
1–4
 Seattle Sounders FC
[show]Portland, Oregon USA

19:00 PST
Emory  61'
Report
Jaqua  4'
Ianni  32'
Montero  70' (pen.)
Evans  75'
Stadium: Merlo Field

text:
February 22, 2009
Seattle Sounders FC
4–0
 Vancouver Whitecaps
[show]Seattle, Washington USA

12:00 PST
Jaqua  37', 39'
Montero  66', 67'
Report

Stadium: Qwest Field
Attendance: None (closed to the public)

text:
February 27, 2009
Estudiantes de La Plata
1–3
 Seattle Sounders FC
[show]Buenos Aires, Argentina

11:00 UTC-2
Marshall  20' (o.g.)
Report
Jaqua  46'
Montero  54', 58'

text:
February 28, 2009
CED Rosario
1–1
 Seattle Sounders FC
[show]Buenos Aires, Argentina

16:00 UTC-2
CED No. 11  53' (pen.)
Report
Ferrerya  43'

text:
March 3, 2009
Tristán Suárez
0–5
 Seattle Sounders FC
[show]Buenos Aires, Argentina

10:30 UTC-2

Report
Fucito  25'
Montero  33'
Evans  38'
Scott  43'
Le Toux  89'

text:
March 5, 2009
River Plate
1–0
 Seattle Sounders FC
[show]Buenos Aires, Argentina

9:30 UTC-2
Lizio  89'
Report

text:
March 12, 2009
Seattle Sounders FC
0–1
 Colorado Rapids
[show]Seattle, Washington USA

19:00 PDT

Report
Casey  38' (pen.)
Stadium: Qwest Field
Attendance: None (closed to the public)

text: MLS regular season[edit]

text:
March 19, 2009
Seattle Sounders FC
3–0
New York Red Bulls
[show]Seattle, Washington USA

18:00 PDT
Montero  12'  75'
Alonso  13'
Evans  25'
Hurtado  32'
Nyassi  67'
Report
Goldthwaite  21'
Stadium: Qwest Field
Attendance: 32,523
Referee: Jair Marrufo

text:
March 28, 2009
Seattle Sounders FC
2–0
Real Salt Lake
[show]Seattle, Washington USA

19:30 PDT
Jaqua  17'
Alonso  21'
Montero  77'
Report
Beckerman  10'
Morales  22'
Olave  45'
Stadium: Qwest Field
Attendance: 28,548
Referee: Baldomero Toledo

text:
April 4, 2009
Toronto FC
0–2
Seattle Sounders FC
[show]Toronto, Ontario Canada

15:00 EDT
Brennan  44'
Cronin  51'
Report
Ljungberg  15'
Hurtado  29'
Zakuani  45'
Riley  61'
Scott  86'
Stadium: BMO Field
Attendance: 20,658
Referee: Mark Geiger

text:
April 11, 2009
Seattle Sounders FC
0–1
Kansas City Wizards
[show]Seattle, Washington USA

19:30 PDT
Evans  4'
Keller  29'
Report
Jewsbury  4'
Kraus  71'
Arnaud  80'
Hartman  91'
Stadium: Qwest Field
Attendance: 28,746
Referee: Abiodun Okulaja

text:
April 18, 2009
Chivas USA
2–0
Seattle Sounders FC
[show]Carson, California USA

19:30 PDT
Lillingston  20'
Riley  32' (o.g.)
Chijindu  84'
Trujillo  86'
Report
Scott  45'
Montero  47'
Stadium: The Home Depot Center
Attendance: 15,463
Referee: Alex Prus

text:
April 25, 2009
Seattle Sounders FC
2–0
San Jose Earthquakes
[show]Seattle, Washington USA

19:30 PDT
Alonso  30'
Zakuani  42'
Evans  50'
Report
Convey  4'
Garcia  41'
Stadium: Qwest Field
Attendance: 28,838
Referee: Kevin Stott

text:
May 2, 2009
Chicago Fire
1–1
Seattle Sounders FC
[show]Bridgeview, Illinois USA

19:30 CDT
Soumare  55'
Pappa  68'
Rolfe  95+'
Report
Marshall  1'  74'
Montero  48'
Riley  95+'
Stadium: Toyota Park
Attendance: 10,288
Referee: Jasen Anno

text:
May 10, 2009
Seattle Sounders FC
1–1
Los Angeles Galaxy
[show]Seattle, Washington USA

12:00 PDT
Le Toux  22'
Evans  45'
Riley  57', 57'
Ljungberg  58'
Jaqua  80'
Report
Gordon  32'  35'
Magee  59'
Sanneh  61'
Miglioranzi  83'
Stadium: Qwest Field
Attendance: 29,025
Referee: Tim Weyland

text:
May 16, 2009
FC Dallas
1–1
Seattle Sounders FC
[show]Frisco, Texas USA

19:30 CDT
Rocha  20'  48+'
Saragosa  75'
Guarda  80'
Report
Hurtado  18'
Zakuani  48+'
Marshall  64'
Stadium: Pizza Hut Park
Attendance: 8,247
Referee: Terry Vaughn

text:
May 23, 2009
Colorado Rapids
2–2
Seattle Sounders FC
[show]Commerce City, Colorado USA

19:30 MDT
Clark  26'
Casey  47'
Ihemelu  67'
Report
Montero  17'
Jaqua  28'  76'
Hurtado  57'
Vagenas  61'
Stadium: Dick's Sporting Goods Park
Attendance: 16,528
Referee: Hilario Grajeda

text:
May 30, 2009
Seattle Sounders FC
1–1
Columbus Crew
[show]Seattle, Washington USA

19:30 PDT
Vagenas  37'
Jaqua  58'
Hurtado  68'
Ljungberg  89'
Marshall  92+'
Report
Moreno  12'
Schelotto  73'
Stadium: Qwest Field
Attendance: 29,126
Referee: Michael Kennedy

text:
June 6, 2009
Chivas USA
1–0
Seattle Sounders FC
[show]Carson, California USA

19:30 PDT
Lillingston  26'  38'
Trujillo  90'
Report
Ianni  48'
Jaqua  54', 88'
Hurtado  81'
Stadium: The Home Depot Center
Attendance: 13,117
Referee: Kevin Stott

text:
June 13, 2009
Seattle Sounders FC
2–1
San Jose Earthquakes
[show]Seattle, Washington USA

19:30 PDT
Ljungberg  42'  94+'
Evans  43'
Montero  59'  74'
Report
Pitchkolan  16'
Corrales  34'
Ribeiro  50'
Huckerby  68'
Wondolowski  92+'
Stadium: Qwest Field
Attendance: 28,999
Referee: Silviu Petrescu

text:
June 17, 2009
Seattle Sounders FC
3–3
D.C. United
[show]Seattle, Washington USA

19:30 PDT
Alonso  38'
Burch  45' (o.g.)
Montero  57'
Report
Pontius  34'
Gomez  63'
Jakovic  84'
Marshall  87' (o.g.)
Namoff  92+'
Stadium: Qwest Field
Attendance: 29,104
Referee: Ricardo Salazar

text:
June 20, 2009
New York Red Bulls
1–1
Seattle Sounders FC
[show]East Rutherford, New Jersey USA

19:30 EDT
Kandji  11'
Goldthwaite  36'
Angel  40'
Report
Montero  48+'
Marshall  83'
Stadium: Giants Stadium
Attendance: 14,313
Referee: Paul Ward

text:
June 28, 2009
Seattle Sounders FC
3–0
Colorado Rapids
[show]Seattle, Washington USA

13:00 PDT
Ljungberg  19'
Montero  23'
Jaqua  48'  68'
Evans  71'
Report
Ihemelu  17'
Mastroeni  29'
Palguta  41'
Stadium: Qwest Field
Attendance: 32,526
Referee: Alex Prus

text:
July 11, 2009
Seattle Sounders FC
2–1
Houston Dynamo
[show]Seattle, Washington USA

13:00 PDT
Montero  32'
Hurtado  43'
Ianni  46'
Vagenas  64'
Wahl  66'
Report
Davis  12'
Waibel  71'
Kamara  90'
Stadium: Qwest Field
Attendance: 32,404
Referee: Mark Geiger

text:
July 25, 2009
Seattle Sounders FC
0–0
Chicago Fire
[show]Seattle, Washington USA

12:00 PDT
Hurtado  28'
Ianni  57'
Ljungberg  59', 59'
Report
Segares  39'
Thorrington  40', 54'
Stadium: Qwest Field
Attendance: 32,405
Referee: Baldomero Toledo

text:
August 2, 2009
San Jose Earthquakes
4–0
Seattle Sounders FC
[show]Santa Clara, California USA

12:00 PDT
Alonso  2' (o.g.)
Hernandez  27'
Huckerby  37'  78'
Glen  54'
Wondolowski  84'  85'
Report
Ianni  22'
Riley  33'
Montero  35'
Stadium: Buck Shaw Stadium
Attendance: 9,919
Referee: Paul Ward

text:
August 8, 2009
Real Salt Lake
1–0
Seattle Sounders FC
[show]Sandy, Utah USA

19:00 MDT
Mathis  11'
Findley  62'
Beckerman  65'
Report
Hurtado  76'
Stadium: Rio Tinto Stadium
Attendance: 14,193
Referee: Kevin Stott

text:
August 15, 2009
Los Angeles Galaxy
0–2
Seattle Sounders FC
[show]Carson, California USA

20:00 PDT
DeLaGarza  14'
Beckham  17'
Lewis  79'
Kirovski  94+'
Report
Zakuani  22'
Montero  54'  81'
Marshall  65', 76'
Stadium: The Home Depot Center
Attendance: 20,162
Referee: Ricardo Salazar

text:
August 20, 2009
Seattle Sounders FC
0–1
New England Revolution
[show]Seattle, Washington USA

19:00 PDT
Gonzalez  40'
Montero  54'
Nyassi  86'
Report
Joseph  21'
Ralston  43'
Jankauskas  47+'
Heaps  49+'
Reis  65'
Stadium: Qwest Field
Attendance: 32,705
Referee: Baldomero Toledo

text:
August 23, 2009
Houston Dynamo
1–1
Seattle Sounders FC
[show]Houston, Texas USA

19:30 CDT
Boswell  19'
Cameron  36'
Report
Levesque  13'
Jaqua  70'
Stadium: Robertson Stadium
Attendance: 17,063
Referee: Alex Prus

text:
August 29, 2009
Seattle Sounders FC
0–0
Toronto FC
[show]Seattle, Washington USA

13:00 PDT
Ljungberg  73'
Report
Attakora  41'
Gomez  67'
De Rosario  67'
Stadium: Qwest Field
Attendance: 32,679
Referee: Jorge Gonzalez

text:
September 12, 2009
D.C. United
1–2
Seattle Sounders FC
[show]Washington, D.C. USA

19:30 EDT
Wallace  54'  57'
Quaranta  62'
John  93+'
Report
Zakuani  5'
Montero  84'
Stadium: RFK Memorial Stadium
Attendance: 19,592
Referee: Silviu Petrescu

text:
September 19, 2009
Seattle Sounders FC
0–0
Chivas USA
[show]Seattle, Washington USA

12:00 PDT
Alonso  40'
Marshall  78'
Jaqua  86'
Report
Jazic  34'
Nagamura  43'
Saragosa  71'
Trujillo  76'
Santos  77'
Stadium: Qwest Field
Attendance: 32,719
Referee: Terry Vaughn

text:
September 26, 2009
New England Revolution
2–1
Seattle Sounders FC
[show]Foxborough, Massachusetts USA

19:30 EDT
Joseph  51' (pen.)  87'
Report
Montero  5'
Jaqua  92+'
Stadium: Gillette Stadium
Attendance: 15,961
Referee: Steven DePiero

text:
October 3, 2009
Columbus Crew
0–1
Seattle Sounders FC
[show]Columbus, Ohio USA

19:30 EDT
Moreno  55'
O'Rourke  65'
Lenhart  95+'
Report
Levesque  36'
Marshall  84'
Stadium: Columbus Crew Stadium
Attendance: 14,372
Referee: Ricardo Salazar

text:
October 17, 2009
Kansas City Wizards
2–3
Seattle Sounders FC
[show]Kansas City, Kansas USA

19:30 CDT
Hercegfalvi  51'
Wolff  53'
Report
Marshall  27'
Vagenas  45'
Levesque  69'
Jaqua  76'
Stadium: CommunityAmerica Ballpark
Attendance: 10,135
Referee: Mark Geiger

text:
October 24, 2009
Seattle Sounders FC
2–1
FC Dallas
[show]Seattle, Washington USA

19:30 PDT
Alonso  57'
Evans  60'  84'
Jaqua  61'
Report
Harris  14'  38'
Pearce  26'
Ihemelu  70'
Stadium: Qwest Field
Attendance: 33,108
Referee: Baldomero Toledo

text: MLS playoffs[edit]

text:
October 29, 2009 Conf. Semifinals
Seattle Sounders FC
0–0
Houston Dynamo
[show]Seattle, Washington USA

19:00 PDT
Montero  16'
Alonso  64'
Evans  68'
Report
Onstad  16'
Mullan  71'
Chabala  75'
Stadium: Qwest Field
Attendance: 35,807
Referee: Ricardo Salazar

text:
November 8, 2009 Conf. Semifinals
Houston Dynamo
1 – 0 (a.e.t.)
(1–0 agg.)
Seattle Sounders FC
[show]Houston, Texas USA

15:00 CST
Chabala  44'
Cameron  94+'
Ching  96'
Report
Marshall  24'
Riley  120'
Ljungberg  121'
Stadium: Robertson Stadium
Attendance: 27,465
Referee: Jorge Gonzalez

text: US Open Cup[edit]

text:
April 28, 2009 Qualification
Seattle Sounders FC
4–1
Real Salt Lake
[show]Tukwila, Washington USA

19:00 PDT
Ianni  20'
Le Toux  25' (pen.)  55'
Nyassi  27'  71'
King  53'
Report
Johnson  32'
Olave  41'
Stadium: Starfire Sports Complex
Attendance: 3,890

text:
May 26, 2009 Qualification
Seattle Sounders FC
1–0
Colorado Rapids
[show]Tukwila, Washington USA

19:00 PDT
Forrest  62'
Report
Harvey  78'
Stadium: Starfire Sports Complex
Attendance: 4,007
Referee: Tony Russo

text:
July 1, 2009 Third round
Portland Timbers (USL-1)
1–2
Seattle Sounders FC
[show]Portland, Oregon USA

19:00 PDT
Hayes  26'
Mandjou  43'
McManus  61'
Report
Ianni  5'
Levesque  1'
King  26'
Nyassi  59'
Riley  93+'
Stadium: PGE Park
Attendance: 16,382
Referee: Yeder Reyes

text:
July 7, 2009 Quarterfinals
Seattle Sounders FC
1–0
Kansas City Wizards
[show]Tukwila, Washington USA

19:00 PDT
Montero  79'
Le Toux  89' (pen.)
Report
Hirsig  76', 92+'
Stadium: Starfire Sports Complex
Attendance: 4,352
Referee: Abiodun Okulaja

text:
July 21, 2009 Semifinals
Seattle Sounders FC
2 – 1 (a.e.t.)
Houston Dynamo
[show]Tukwila, Washington USA

19:00 PDT
Jaqua  62'
Hurtado  67', 110'
Marshall  80'
Jaqua  89'
King  95'
Report
James  30'
Boswell  30'
Akinbiyi  32'
Davis  43'
Mullan  70'
Chabala  90'
Stadium: Starfire Sports Complex
Attendance: 4,895
Referee: Edvin Jurisevic

text:
September 2, 2009 Final
D. C. United
1–2
Seattle Sounders FC
[show]Washington, D.C. USA

19:30 EDT
Wicks  69'
Simms  89'
Report
Ianni  25'
Gonzalez  49'
Montero  67'
Vagenas  79'
Levesque  86'
Stadium: RFK Stadium
Attendance: 17,329
Referee: Alex Prus

text: Friendlies[edit]

text:
July 18, 2009
Seattle Sounders FC
0–2
 Chelsea
[show]Seattle, Washington USA

Report
Sturridge  12'
Lampard  35'  91+'
Stadium: Qwest Field
Attendance: 65,289
Referee: Carlos Vences

text:
August 5, 2009
Seattle Sounders FC
0–4
 FC Barcelona
[show]Seattle, Washington USA

Fucito  83'
Report
Messi  21'  41'
Busquets  31'
Jeffrén  75'
Pedro  89'
Stadium: Qwest Field
Attendance: 66,848
Referee: Mark Geiger

text: Competitions[edit]

text: Standings[edit]

text:
Western Conference

v
t
e

Pos
Club
Pts
GP
W
L
T
GF
GA
GD

1
Los Angeles Galaxy
48
30
12
6
12
36
31
+5

2
Houston Dynamo
48
30
13
8
9
39
29
+10

3
Seattle Sounders FC
47
30
12
7
11
38
29
+9

4
Chivas USA
45
30
13
11
6
34
31
+3

5
Real Salt Lake
40
30
11
12
7
43
35
+8

6
Colorado Rapids
40
30
10
10
10
42
38
+4

7
FC Dallas
39
30
11
13
6
50
47
+4

8
San Jose Earthquakes
30
30
7
14
9
36
50
−14

text:
2009 MLS Cup Playoffs

2009 MLS Cup Playoffs (Wild Card)

text:
Pos

Team

v
t
e

Pts
GP
W
L
T
GF
GA
GD

Qualification or relegation

1
Columbus Crew !Columbus Crew (SS) (E1)
49
30
13
7
10
41
31
+10
2010–11 CONCACAF Champions League Group Stage 2

2
LA Galaxy !LA Galaxy (W1)
48
30
12
6
12
36
31
+5
2010–11 CONCACAF Champions League Preliminary Round 2

3
Houston Dynamo !Houston Dynamo
48
30
13
8
9
39
29
+10
2010 North American SuperLiga 3

4
Seattle Sounders FC !Seattle Sounders FC
47
30
12
7
11
38
29
+9
2010–11 CONCACAF Champions League Preliminary Round 2

5
Chicago Fire !Chicago Fire
45
30
11
7
12
39
34
+5
2010 North American SuperLiga 3

6
Chivas USA !Chivas USA
45
30
13
11
6
34
31
+3

7
New England Revolution !New England Revolution
42
30
11
10
9
33
37
−4

8
Real Salt Lake !Real Salt Lake
40
30
11
12
7
43
35
+8
2010–11 CONCACAF Champions League Group Stage 2

9
Colorado Rapids !Colorado Rapids
40
30
10
10
10
42
38
+4

10
D.C. United !D.C. United
40
30
9
8
13
43
44
−1

11
FC Dallas !FC Dallas
39
30
11
13
6
50
47
+3

12
Toronto FC !Toronto FC
39
30
10
11
9
37
46
−9
2009–10 CONCACAF Champions League Preliminary Round 1

13
Kansas City Wizards !Kansas City Wizards
33
30
8
13
9
33
42
−9

14
San Jose Earthquakes !San Jose Earthquakes
30
30
7
14
9
36
50
−14

15
New York Red Bulls !New York Red Bulls
21
30
5
19
6
27
47
−20

text:
^Note 1 - Toronto FC cannot qualify for the U.S. Open Cup, as it is a Canadian-based team. If they qualify for an automatic berth into the U.S. Open Cup, the next highest placed team not already qualified will be given a berth. Similarly, they cannot qualify for the CONCACAF Champions League through MLS. Rather, they can qualify through the Canadian Soccer Championship. If they qualify for the Champions League through MLS, then the highest placed team not already qualified will qualify.
^Note 2 - The winner of the 2009 MLS Supporters' Shield (Columbus Crew) and the winner of MLS Cup 2009 (Real Salt Lake) qualified for the 2010–11 CONCACAF Champions League Group Stage. The runner-up of MLS Cup 2009 (Los Angeles Galaxy) and the winner of the 2009 U.S. Open Cup (Seattle Sounders) qualified for the 2010–11 CONCACAF Champions League Preliminary Round.
^Note 3 - SuperLiga 2010 berths are awarded to the top 4 finishing teams from MLS who do not qualify for Champions League (Houston, Chicago, Chivas USA and New England).

text: Summary[edit]

text:
Overall
Home
Away

Pld
Pts
W
L
T
GF
GA
GD
W
L
T
GF
GA
GD
W
L
T
GF
GA
GD

30
47
12
7
11
38
29
 +9
7
2
6
21
10
 +11
5
5
5
17
19
 −2

text:
Last updated: October 24, 2009
Source: MLSNet.com
Pld = Matches played; Pts = Points; W = Matches won; T = Matches tied; L = Matches lost; GF = Goals for; GA = Goals against; GD = Goal difference

text:
Round
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30

Ground
H
H
A
H
A
H
A
H
A
A
H
A
H
H
A
H
H
H
A
A
A
H
A
H
A
H
A
A
A
H

Result
W
W
W
L
L
W
T
T
T
T
T
L
W
T
T
W
W
T
L
L
W
L
T
T
W
T
L
W
W
W

Conference
1
1
1
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
3
3
3
3
3
3
2
2
2
4
2
3
4
3
3
3
5
4
4
3

Overall
1
1
1
2
2
2
2
2
2
3
4
5
5
4
4
3
2
3
4
6
4
5
6
5
5
5
6
5
5
4

text:
Last updated: October 25, 2009.
Source: MLS Results
Ground: A = Away; H = Home. Result: T = Tie; L = Loss; W = Win; P = Postponed.

text: Squad[edit]

text: Statistics are from all MLS matches. Ages are as of March 19, 2009 (the date of their season opener).

text: Source: MLSNet.com Sounders FC Stats. Last updated: October 4, 2009.

text:
Nat
No
Player
Age
Pos
Starts
Apps
G
A

Acquired

 USA
2
FucitoMike Fucito
19850420 (1985-03-29)March 29, 1985 (aged 23)
FW
0
0
0
0
0
0
SuperDraft

 USA
3
EvansBrad Evans
19850420 (1985-04-20)April 20, 1985 (aged 23)
MF
23
25
2
2
4
0
Expansion Draft

 USA
4
IanniPatrick Ianni
19850615 (1985-06-15)June 15, 1985 (aged 23)
DF
10
17
1
2
3
0
Trade

 USA
5
WahlTyson Wahl
19840223 (1984-02-23)February 23, 1984 (aged 25)
DF
9
11
0
0
1
0
Expansion Draft

 CUB
6
AlonsoOsvaldo Alonso
19851111 (1985-11-11)November 11, 1985 (aged 23)
MF
24
25
1
3
4
0
Signed

 USA
7
RileyJames Riley
19821027 (1982-10-27)October 27, 1982 (aged 26)
DF
26
26
0
4
3
2
Expansion Draft

 USA
8
VagenasPeter Vagenas
19780206 (1978-02-06)February 6, 1978 (aged 31)
MF
8
13
0
2
3
0
Expansion Draft

 FRA
9
Le TouxSébastien Le Toux
19840120 (1984-01-20)January 20, 1984 (aged 25)
FW
15
26
1
3
0
0
Signed from USL Sounders

 SWE
10
LjungbergFreddie Ljungberg
19770416 (1977-04-16)April 16, 1977 (aged 31)
MF
19
20
2
5
6
1
Signed Designated Player

 COD
11
ZakuaniSteve Zakuani
19880209 (1988-02-09)February 9, 1988 (aged 21)
FW
22
27
4
4
1
0
SuperDraft

 USA
12
SturgisNathan Sturgis
19870706 (1987-07-06)July 6, 1987 (aged 21)
DF
5
9
0
0
0
0
Expansion Draft

 JAM
14
MarshallTyrone Marshall
19741112 (1974-11-12)November 12, 1974 (aged 34)
DF
23
24
1
1
6
2
Trade

 USA
15
KingStephen King
19860306 (1986-03-06)March 6, 1986 (aged 23)
MF
3
10
0
0
0
0
Expansion Draft

 USA
16
BrownEvan Brown
19870501 (1987-05-01)May 1, 1987 (aged 21)
DF
0
0
0
0
0
0
SuperDraft

 COL
17
MonteroFredy Montero
19870726 (1987-07-26)July 26, 1987 (aged 21)
FW
25
25
12
6
5
1
Signed On Loan

 USA
18
KellerKasey Keller
19691129 (1969-11-29)November 29, 1969 (aged 39)
GK
27
27
0
0
0
1
Signed

 CRC
19
GonzálezLeonardo González
19801121 (1980-11-21)November 21, 1980 (aged 28)
DF
9
9
0
0
1
0
Signed

 USA
20
ScottZach Scott
19800702 (1980-07-02)July 2, 1980 (aged 28)
DF
6
9
0
0
2
0
Signed from USL Sounders

 USA
21
JaquaNate Jaqua
19811028 (1981-10-28)October 28, 1981 (aged 27)
FW
25
26
7
7
6
1
Expansion Draft

 GAM
23
NyassiSanna Nyassi
19890131 (1989-01-31)January 31, 1989 (aged 20)
MF
2
14
0
0
2
0
Signed

 USA
24
LevesqueRoger Levesque
19810122 (1981-01-22)January 22, 1981 (aged 28)
FW
2
12
1
0
1
0
Signed from USL Sounders

 Puerto Rico
26
GrahamTaylor Graham
19800603 (1980-06-03)June 3, 1980 (aged 28)
DF
0
0
0
0
0
0
Signed from USL Sounders

 COL
34
HurtadoJhon Kennedy Hurtado
19840516 (1984-05-16)May 16, 1984 (aged 24)
DF
24
25
1
1
8
0
Signed

33
40
56
8

text: Goalkeepers

text:
Nat
No
Player
Age
Starts
Apps
GA
GAA
CS
Acquired

 USA
1
EylanderChris Eylander
19840314 (1984-03-14) March 14, 1984 (age 33)
1
1
2
2
0
Signed from USL Sounders

 USA
18
KellerKasey Keller
19691129 (1969-11-29) November 29, 1969 (age 47)
27
27
23
0.87
10
Signed

 USA
22
DragavonBen Dragavon
19831231 (1983-12-31) December 31, 1983 (age 33)
0
1
1
1.53
0
MLS goalkeeper pool[85]

 PUR
28
BossTerry Boss
19840314 (1981-09-01) September 1, 1981 (age 36)
0
0
0
0
0
Signed

26
0.93
10

text: Transfers[edit]

text: In

text: Note: Flags indicate national team as defined under FIFA eligibility rules. Players may hold more than one non-FIFA nationality.

text:
No.

Position
Player

19

FW
Kevin Forrest (from Colorado Rapids, Free[43])

27

MF
Lamar Neagle (Free[56])

No.

Position
Player

28

GK
Terry Boss (Free)

19

DF
Leonardo González (from Liberia Mia, Free[62])

text: Out

text:
No.

Position
Player

DF
Jeff Parke (to Vancouver Whitecaps FC, Free[23])

No.

Position
Player

19

FW
Kevin Forrest (Released on waivers)

13

FW
Jarrod Smith (Released on waivers)

text: Recognition[edit]

text:
Kasey Keller – GK – First XI
Freddie Ljungberg – MF – First XI
Jhon Kennedy Hurtado – DF – Coach's selection
Fredy Montero – FW – Coach's selection

text: US Open Cup

text:
Sebastian Le Toux – Player of the Round (Semifinals)[86]
Fredy Montero – Player of the Round (Final)[87]
Kasey Keller – Player of the Tournament[88]

text: MLS Player of the Week

text:
Fredy Montero – Week 1 – 2 G (12', 75') GWG, 1 A (25')
Kasey Keller – Week 2 – SHO, 5 SVS
Nate Jaqua – Week 15 – A (23') GWA, 2 G (48', 68')[permanent dead link]

text: MLS Player of the Month

text: Fredy Montero – March – 3 G, 1 A, Sounders 2–0–0 in March

text: MLS Goal of the Week

text:
Fredy Montero – Week 1 – 12'
Fredy Montero – Week 2 – 77'
Nate Jaqua – Week 11 – 58'
Nate Jaqua – Week 15 – 48'[permanent dead link]
Patrick Ianni – Week 17 – 46'
Steve Zakuani – Week 22 – 22'
Nate Jaqua – Week 23 – 70'

text: MLS Save of the Week

text:
Kasey Keller – Week 10 – 34'[permanent dead link]
Kasey Keller – Week 21 – 47'
Tyrone Marshall – Week 29 – 70'

text: Golden scarf recipients

text: Before each home game, Sounders FC honors a member of the community or special guest with a Golden Scarf.

text:
Date
Opponent
Recipient
Notes

March 19, 2009
New York Red Bulls
Don Garber[89]
MLS Commissioner

March 28, 2009
Real Salt Lake
Jimmy Gabriel[90]
NASL Sounders legend

April 11, 2009
Kansas City Wizards
Robbie Bach[91]
Microsoft executive

April 24, 2009
San Jose Earthquakes
Jimmy McAlister[92]
NASL Sounders legend

May 10, 2009
Los Angeles Galaxy
Meredith Teague
2009 NCAA Div II soccer National Player of the Year

May 31, 2009
Columbus Crew
Jim Mora[93]
Seahawks head coach

June 13, 2009
San Jose Earthquakes
Fred Mendoza[94]
Seattle Public Stadium Authority (Qwest Field) chairman

June 17, 2009
D.C. United
Sue Bird & Swin Cash[95]
WNBA Seattle Storm team

June 28, 2009
Colorado Rapids
Lorenzo Romar[96]
UW Men's Basketball coach

July 11, 2009
Houston Dynamo
Doug Andreassen
Washington Youth Soccer President

July 18, 2009
Chelsea
Dale Chihuly[97]
Glass artist, creator of the sculpture presented to friendly opponents

July 25, 2009
Chicago Fire
Mike Ryan[98]
First U.S. women's national soccer team coach

August 5, 2009
FC Barcelona
Bill Russell[99]
NBA Hall of Famer and Seattle resident

August 20, 2009
New England Revolution
John Nordstrom[100]
NASL Sounders co-founder

August 29, 2009
Toronto FC
Michelle Akers[101]
Former US Women's National Team striker

September 19, 2009
Chivas USA
Alan Hinton[102]
Former coach of NASL Sounders