document_title: I'm a Celebrity...Get Me Out of Here! (Australian TV series)

question_text: who won celebrity get me out of here 2017

text: Format[edit]

text: The premise of the show is that there is a group of well known personalities living together in a specially constructed camp site in a jungle. During their time in the jungle they are isolated from the outside world and are not commonly aware of outside events. The contestants compete for $100,000 to be donated to a charity of their choosing, in addition to being personally reimbursed for their participation.[9] While in the jungle, some of the contestants (generally voted by the viewing public) compete in challenges for food and luxuries for the camp. These challenges often involve local wildlife and are meant to take the contestants out of their comfort zone. Each week one or more of the contestants are evicted from the jungle, based on viewer votes. In addition, if the contestants become overwhelmed by their situation they can leave the series by speaking the phrase "I'm a celebrity get me out of here!". However, it is reported that if contestants do quit they will have their income for participating in the series markedly reduced.[10] Throughout the show, additional contestants (called "intruders") enter the competition; and beginning with season two, some contestants are only included temporarily (i.e. having a guest appearance).[11] In the end, a final viewer vote occurs to determine the winner of the series, who is given the title of "King and/or Queen of the Jungle".

text: Bush Tucker trials[edit]

text: The contestants take part in daily trials to earn food. These trials aim to test both physical and mental abilities. The winner is usually determined by the number of stars collected during the trial, with each star representing a meal earned by the winning contestant for their camp mates.

text: Celebrity chest challenges[edit]

text: Two or more celebrities are chosen to take part in the celebrity chest challenge to win luxuries for camp. Each challenge involves completing a task to win a chest to take back to camp. However, to win the luxury item in the chest, the campmates must correctly answer a question. If they fail to answer correctly, the luxury item is forfeited and a joke prize is won. The luxury item is "donated" by a celebrity from the outside.

text: Secret mission[edit]

text: This is a challenge where some celebrities have to take part without alerting the other celebrities - if they are successful in their 'missions', they are rewarded.

text: Mystery box[edit]

text: A mystery box sees a box delivered to the campsite, each time containing a different gift for the contestants.

text: Production[edit]

text: Broadcast[edit]

text: The show is broadcast Monday to Thursday at 7.30 pm and on Sunday nights at 6:30 pm (for the weekly eviction show). All shows are presented by Julia Morris & Chris Brown from a nearby studio. The program is live to AEDT States (New South Wales, Victoria, Tasmania and the Australian Capital Territory), in other states the program is delayed to accommodate local time zones.

text: The fallout zone[edit]

text: In addition to the television broadcast, for the first season a live feed from the camp site aired for an hour after the AEDT airing of the show on Ten's website and mobile app, titled The Fallout Zone but more commonly referred to as FOZ. The content of feed was available on the website after the fact so viewers in other states could watch the show after their airing of the main show. The feed was hosted by comedian Sam Mac and producer Ciaran "The Butcher" Flannery, also known as "The C-Word". On 8 March and March 12, 2015, producer Dominic "The Domin8or" Sullivan filled in during Flannery's absence. The duo interact with viewers through Twitter, using the hashtag #FOZ. Mac and Flannery have no control over the shots used in the stream which has resulted in one episode featuring a 20-minute shot of a waterfall and, on 16 February 2015, a 15-minute conversation featuring a sound technician looking for Bob being picked up. On 5 March 2015 the show famously featured audio problems during which Mac and Flannery's voices fluctuated between chipmunk and Darth Vader filters for the first thirty minutes. The show's theme song is Highway to the Fallout Zone sung by Sam Mac. The show did not return for the second season.

text: Public voting[edit]

text: Throughout the show the public votes on who competes in the following tucker trial and who to evict from the campsite. Viewers can either vote via SMS (by texting the name of the celebrity) or vote via Social Media (namely Facebook or Twitter) by using the celebrity's hashtag (#celeb[name]). Voting via social media is limited to 20 votes per account. For tucker trial voting, viewers vote for celebrity they wish to complete. For eviction voting, viewers vote for a celebrity to stay. Voting closes at approximately 7:30pm AEDT for Sunday's eviction vote and at approximately 8pm AEDT for voting on other days.

text: Prior to the premiere of the second season, it was announced that the voting process would change slightly compared to the inaugural season. SMS voting wil be used for both trial and eviction voting while Twitter voting will be used exclusively for trial voting. This change was implemented to even the playing field between celebrities with a larger international fan base (who are more likely to receive Twitter votes from said fan base) and celebrities with a smaller fan base who are only known in Australia.[12] However, this decision was later reversed, allowing Twitter and Facebook votes for the finals.[13]

text: Series overview[edit]

text: Winners are crowned King or Queen of their respective year.

text: Key:

text:
Season
Presenters
Start date
End date
Days in camp
Campmates
Honour places

Winner
Second place
Third place

1
Chris Brown and Julia Morris
1 February 2015 (2015-02-01)
15 March 2015 (2015-03-15)
45
14
 Freddie Flintoff
Barry Hall
Chrissie Swan

2
31 January 2016 (2016-01-31)
13 March 2016 (2016-03-13)
45
12
 Brendan Fevola
Paul Harragon
Laurina Fleure

3
29 January 2017 (2017-01-29)
13 March 2017 (2017-03-13)
46
14
 Casey Donovan
Dane Swan
Natalie Bassingthwaighte

text: Series results[edit]

text: Season 1 (2015)[edit]

text:
Celebrity
Known for
Day Entered
Day Exited
Result

Freddie Flintoff
England cricketer
17
45
Winner

Barry Hall
Former AFL forward
1
45
Runner-up

Chrissie Swan
Television & radio broadcaster
1
45
Third Place

Maureen McCormick
The Brady Bunch actress
1
42
Evicted 11th

Joel Creasey
Comedian
1
41
Evicted 10th

Anna Heinrich
The Bachelor star
10
41
Evicted 9th

Julie Goodwin
Chef & cookbook author
17
40
Evicted 8th

Merv Hughes
Former test match cricketer
1
39
Evicted 7th

Tyson Mayr
Model
1
38
Evicted 6th

Andrew Daddo
Television & radio presenter
1
31
Evicted 5th

Lauren Brant
Hi-5 singer
1
24
Evicted 4th

Laura Dundovic
Miss Universe Australia 2008
1
17
Evicted 3rd

Tim Robards
The Bachelor star
10
17
Evicted 2nd

Leisel Jones
Olympic swimmer
1
10
Evicted 1st

text: Season 2 (2016)[edit]

text:
Celebrity
Known for
Day Entered
Day Exited
Result

Brendan Fevola
AFL full-forward
1
45
Winner

Paul Harragon
Former NRL prop forward
1
45
Runner-up

Laurina Fleure
The Bachelor 2 star
1
45
Third Place

Anthony Callea
Singer-songwriter
1
42
Evicted 9th

Shane Warne
Retired international cricketer
2
41
Evicted 8th

Havana Brown
DJ
1
40
Evicted 7th

Jo Beth Taylor
Television presenter
1
39
Evicted 6th

Val Lehman
Prisoner actress
1
38
Evicted 5th

Dean Geyer
Glee actor
1
31
Evicted 4th

Bonnie Lythgoe
So You Think You Can Dance Australia judge
1
24
Evicted 3rd

Akmal Saleh
Comedian
1
17
Evicted 2nd

Courtney Hancock
Ironwoman
1
10
Evicted 1st

text: Season 3 (2017)[edit]

text:
Celebrity
Known for
Day Entered
Day Exited
Result

Casey Donovan
Singer & Actress
1
46
Winner

Dane Swan
AFL Legend
1
46
Runner-Up

Natalie Bassingthwaighte
Singer & Actress
1
46
Third Place

Nazeem Hussain
Comedian
1
45
Evicted 11th

Steve Price
Radio Shock Jock
1
42
Evicted 10th

Lisa Curry
Olympic Swimmer
1
41
Evicted 9th

Ash Pollard
My Kitchen Rules contestant
1
40
Evicted 8th

Carson Kressley
TV Personality
25
39
Evicted 7th

Tegan Martin
Beauty Queen
1
38
Evicted 6th

Keira Maguire
The Bachelor 4 star
19
35
Evicted 5th

Kris Smith
TV Personality & Model
2
35
Evicted 4th

Tziporah Malkah
Former Model
2
31
Evicted 3rd

Jay Laga'aia
Actor & Singer
1
24
Evicted 2nd

Tom Arnold
Hollywood Actor
1
17
Evicted 1st

text: Ratings[edit]

text:
Season
Episodes
Premiere
Finale
Source

Premiere date
Premiere viewers
(Opening Night)
Rank
Premiere viewers
(Welcome to the Jungle)
Rank
Finale date
Finale viewers
(Grand final)
Rank
Finale viewers
(Winner announced)
Rank

1
31
1 February 2015 (2015-02-01)
1.199
#4
1.136
#5
15 March 2015 (2015-03-15)
0.999
#8
1.144
#3
[14][15]

2
31
31 January 2016 (2016-01-31)
1.324
#3
1.081
#5
13 March 2016 (2016-03-13)
0.719
#8
0.858
#6
[16][17]

3
32
29 January 2017 (2017-01-29)
1.103
#7
0.963
#8
13 March 2017
0.989
#6
1.056
#2
[18][19]

text: Awards and nominations[edit]

text:
Year
Award
Category
Recipients and nominees
Result
Refs.

2016
Logie Awards of 2016
Best Reality Program
I'm a Celebrity...Get Me Out of Here!
Nominated
[20]

2017
Logie Awards of 2017
Best Reality Program
I'm a Celebrity...Get Me Out of Here!
Nominated
[21]

text: Lawsuit[edit]

text: In June 2017, Tom Arnold filed a lawsuit against Network Ten and A List Entertainment for defrauding him for being on I'm a Celebrity...Get Me Out of Here!. Arnold claims that he was promised a payment of $425,000 and a comedy tour in Australia, however he was missing $140,000 in payment and that Network Ten backed out of the comedy tour.[22]


document_title: List of most streamed artists on Spotify

question_text: who is the 2nd most streamed artist on spotify

root

text: Most streamed artists[edit]

text: Monthly streams[edit]

text:
Rank
Artist
Monthly listeners
(rounded to the nearest million)
Country
Ref(s)

1.
Drake
49
 CAN
[1]

2.
J Balvin
47
 COL
[2]

3.
Post Malone
44
 USA
[3]

4.
Dua Lipa
43
 GBR
[4]

5.
Calvin Harris
[5]

6.
Ed Sheeran
40
[6]

7.
David Guetta
38
 FRA
[7]

8.
Sia
37
 AUS
[8]

9.
Marshmello
36
 USA
[9]

10.
Khalid
[10]

11.
Bad Bunny
35
 PRI
[11]

12.
Selena Gomez
 USA
[12]

13.
Ariana Grande
34
[13]

14.
Kanye West
[14]

15.
Demi Lovato
[15]

16.
Cardi B
33
[16]

17.
Shawn Mendes
 CAN
[17]

18.
Maroon 5
 USA
[18]

19.
Camila Cabello
32
 CUB /
 USA
[19]

20.
Kendrick Lamar
31
 USA
[20]

As of June 16, 2018

tag: table

text: All-time Top 200 streams[edit]

text: This list enumerates the streams artists' song accrued on the Spotify Global Top 200, which is less than the artist's total streams.[21]

tag: p

text:
Rank
Artist
Total streams
(billions)
Country

1.
Drake
11.2
 CAN

2.
Ed Sheeran
8.7
 GBR

3.
Justin Bieber
8.6
 CAN

4.
The Weeknd
5.7

5.
Post Malone
5.2
 USA

6.
J Balvin
5.0
 COL

7.
The Chainsmokers
 USA

8.
Kendrick Lamar
4.5

9.
Rihanna
4.4
 BAR

10.
Daddy Yankee
4.2
 PRI

11.
Ozuna
4.1

12.
Calvin Harris
3.9
 GBR

13.
Selena Gomez
3.5
 USA

14.
Sia
3.3
 AUS

15.
Ariana Grande
3.2
 USA

16.
Future

17.
Bad Bunny
 PRI

18.
Nicki Minaj
 USA

19.
Major Lazer
3.1
 USA /
 TTO /
 JAM

20.
Khalid
3.0
 USA

As of June 16, 2018

text: Most followers[edit]

text:
Rank
Artist
Followers
(millions)
Country
Ref(s)

1.
Ed Sheeran
26.2
 GBR
[6]

2.
Rihanna
23.7
 BAR
[22]

3.
Justin Bieber
22.7
 CAN
[23]

4.
Drake
21.5
[1]

5.
Eminem
17.3
 USA
[24]

6.
Ariana Grande
15.4
[25]

7.
David Guetta
14.2
 FRA
[7]

8.
Beyoncé
13.7
 USA
[26]

9.
Bruno Mars
13.6
[27]

10.
Taylor Swift
12.9
[28]

11.
Coldplay
12.3
 GBR
[29]

12.
Calvin Harris
11.7
[5]

13.
Shakira
11.6
 COL
[30]

14.
Maroon 5
11.2
 USA
[31]

15.
Nicki Minaj
11.0
[32]

16.
The Weeknd
10.9
 CAN
[33]

17.
Katy Perry
10.2
 USA
[34]

18.
Selena Gomez
10.1
[35]

19.
Maluma
 COL
[36]

20.
Imagine Dragons
9.9
 USA
[37]

As of June 16, 2018

text: Peak position on chart[edit]

text: Timeline of artists who have held the peak position each month as the most streamed artist since September 2015, when the feature was first made public.[38]

text: Indicates most streamed artist of the year

text:
Year
Month
Artist
Ref(s)

2015
September
The Weeknd
[41]

October

November

December
Justin Bieber
[46]

2016
January

February

March

April
Rihanna
[47]

May
Drake
[48]

June

July

August

September

October

November

December
The Weeknd
[50]

2017
January

February
Ed Sheeran
[54]

March

April

May

June

July

August

September

October

November

December

2018
January
Ed Sheeran

February

March
Drake
[55]

April

May

text: Most streamed artists by year[edit]

text: Spotify's most streamed artist of 2017 was Ed Sheeran with 6.3 billion streams that year. This was his second year topping the list.[56]

text:
Rank
Chg
Artist
Country

1.

Ed Sheeran
 GBR

2.

Drake
 CAN

3.

The Weeknd

4.

Kendrick Lamar
 USA

5.

The Chainsmokers

text: Spotify's most streamed artist of 2016 was Drake with 4.7 billion streams that year. He topped the list for a second year in a row.[57]

text:
Rank
Chg
Artist
Country

1.

Drake
 CAN

2.

Justin Bieber

3.

Rihanna
 BAR

4.

Twenty One Pilots
 USA

5.

Kanye West

text: Spotify's most streamed artist of 2015 was Drake with 1.8 billion streams that year.[58]

text:
Rank
Chg
Artist
Country

1.

Drake
 CAN

2.

Ed Sheeran
 GBR

3.

The Weeknd
 CAN

4.

Maroon 5
 USA

5.

Kanye West

text: Spotify's most streamed artist of 2014 was Ed Sheeran with 860 million streams that year.[59]

text:
Rank
Chg
Artist
Country

1.

Ed Sheeran
 GBR

2.

Eminem
 USA

3.

Coldplay
 GBR

4.

Calvin Harris

5.

Katy Perry
 USA

text: Spotify's most streamed artists of 2013 were Macklemore & Ryan Lewis.[60]

text:
Rank
Artist
Country

1.
Macklemore & Ryan Lewis
 USA

2.
Avicii
 SWE

3.
Daft Punk
 FRA

4.
Eminem
 USA

5.
Imagine Dragons

6.
Jay-Z

7.
Bruno Mars

8.
Rihanna
 BAR

9.
Calvin Harris
 GBR

10.
Drake
 CAN


document_title: Islam in the United Kingdom

question_text: what percent of the uk population is muslim

question_tokens: what percent of the uk population is muslim

text: Islam in the United Kingdom

text: History[edit]

text: The earliest evidence of Islamic influence in England dates to the 8th century, when Offa, the Anglo-Saxon king of Mercia, minted a coin with an Islamic inscription, largely a copy of coins issued by a contemporary Muslim ruler, Caliph Al-Mansur.[13] In the 16th century, Muslims from North Africa, the Middle East and Central Asia were present in London, working in a range of roles, from diplomats and translators to merchants and musicians.[14] See Islam in England for more information on Muslims in England prior to the United Kingdom's founding in 1707.

text: Bengal (now Bangladesh and West Bengal), an affluent province of Mughal India with a Muslim majority and Hindu minority, and globally dominant in industries such as textile manufacturing and shipbuilding, was conquered by the British East India Company at the Battle of Plassey in 1757.[15][16][17] The plunder of Bengal directly contributed to the Industrial Revolution in Britain,[15][16][17][18] with the capital amassed from Bengal used to invest in British industries such as textile manufacture during the Industrial Revolution and greatly increase British wealth, while at the same time leading to deindustrialization and famines in Bengal.[15][16][17] With the establishment of British India, the British Empire ruled over a large Muslim population.[19][20][21]

text: The first group of Muslims to come to the UK in significant numbers, in the 18th century, were lascars (sailors) recruited from the Indian subcontinent, largely from the Bengal region, to work for the East India Company on British ships, some of whom settled down and took local wives.[22] Due to the majority being lascars, the earliest Muslim communities were found in port towns. Naval cooks also came, many of them from the Sylhet Division of the Bengal Presidency in British India (now in Bangladesh). One of the most famous early Asian immigrants to England was the Bengali Muslim entrepreneur Sake Dean Mahomet, a captain of the East India Company who in 1810 founded London's first Indian restaurant, the Hindoostanee Coffee House. He is also reputed for introducing shampoo and therapeutic massage to the United Kingdom.[23]

text: Between 1803 and 1813, there were more than 10,000 lascars from the Indian subcontinent visiting British port cities and towns.[24] By 1842, 3,000 lascars visited the UK annually, and by 1855, 12,000 lascars were arriving annually in British ports. In 1873, 3,271 lascars arrived in Britain.[25] Throughout the early 19th century lascars visited Britain at a rate of 1,000 every year,[24] which increased to a rate of 10,000 to 12,000 every year throughout the late 19th century.[26][27] At the beginning World War I, there were 51,616 South Asian lascars working on British ships, the majority of whom were of Bengali descent.[28] In 1932, the Indian National Congress survey of 'all Indians outside India' (which included modern Pakistani and Bangladeshi territories) estimated that there were 7,128 Indians living in the United Kingdom.

text: By 1911, the British Empire had a Muslim population of 94 million, larger than the empire's 58 million Christian population.[21] By the 1920s, the British Empire included roughly half of the world's Muslim population.[20] More than 400,000 Muslim soldiers of the British Indian Army fought for Britain during World War I, where 62,060 were killed in action,[29] and half a million Muslim soldiers of the British Indian Army fought for Britain against the Nazis in World War II.[30] David Lloyd George, Prime Minister of the United Kingdom from 1916 to 1922, stated: "we are the greatest Mahomedan power in the world and one-fourth of the population of the British Empire is Mahomedan. There have been no more loyal adherents to the throne and no more effective and loyal supporters of the Empire in its hour of trial." This statement was later reiterated by Gandhi in 1920.[19]

text: The Shah Jahan Mosque in Woking was the first purpose-built mosque, built in 1889. In the same year Abdullah Quilliam installed a mosque in a terrace in Liverpool, which became the Liverpool Muslim Institute.[31][32] The first mosque in London was the Fazl Mosque established in 1924, commonly called the London mosque. The growing number of Muslims resulted in the establishment of more than 1,500 mosques by 2007.[33]

text: Muslim mass immigration to Britain began after World War II, as a result of the destruction and labour shortages caused by the war.[34][35] Muslim migrants from former British colonies, predominantly India, Pakistan, and Bangladesh,[34] were recruited in large numbers by government and businesses to rebuild the country.[36] Large numbers of doctors recruited from India and Pakistan, encouraged by health minister Enoch Powell in the early 1960s, also played a key role in the establishment of the NHS health service.[37]

text: British Asian Muslims faced discrimination and racism following Enoch Powell's Rivers of Blood speech and the establishment of the National Front in the late 1960s. This included overt racism in the form of Paki bashing, predominantly from white power skinheads, the National Front, and the British National Party, throughout the 1970s and 1980s.[38] Drawing inspiration from the Indian independence movement, the black power movement, and the anti-apartheid movement, young British Pakistani and British Bangladeshi activists began a number of anti-racist Asian youth movements in the 1970s and 1980s, including the Bradford Youth Movement in 1977, the Bangladeshi Youth Movement following the murder of Altab Ali in 1978, and the Newham Youth Movement following the murder of Akhtar Ali Baig in 1980.[39]

text: The publication of Salman Rushdie's novel The Satanic Verses in 1988 caused major controversy. A number of Muslims in Britain condemned the book for blasphemy. On 2 December 1988, the book was publicly burned at a demonstration in Bolton attended by 7,000 Muslims, followed by a similar demonstration and book-burning in Bradford on 14 January 1989.[40]

text: Demographics[edit]

text:
Muslim population of England and Wales

Year
Pop.
±%

1961
50,000
—

1971
226,000
+352.0%

1981
553,000
+144.7%

1991
950,000
+71.8%

2001
1,600,000
+68.4%

2011
2,706,066
+69.1%

2014
3,046,607
+12.6%

[41][42][1]

text: The Muslim population of England and Wales has grown consistently since World War II. Sophie Gilliat-Ray attributes the recent growth to "recent immigration, the growing birth rate, some conversion to Islam, and perhaps also an increased willingness to self-identify as 'Muslim' on account of the 'war on terror'."[43]

text:
Census Year
Number
of Muslims
Population of
England and Wales
Muslim
(% of population)
Registered
mosques
Muslims
per mosque

1961
50,000
46,196,000
0.11[41]
7
7,143

1971
226,000
49,152,000
0.46[41]
30
7,533

1981
553,000
49,634,000
1.11[41]
149
3,711

1991
950,000
51,099,000
1.86[41]
443
2,144

2001
1,600,000
52,042,000
3.07[41]
614
2,606

2011
2,706,000
56,076,000
4.83[42]
1,500
1,912

2014 (estimate)
3,047,000
–
5.4[1]
1,750 (2015)[44]
1,741

text: The settlements with large number of Muslims are Bradford, Luton, Blackburn, Birmingham, London and Dewsbury. There are also high numbers in High Wycombe, Slough, Leicester, Derby, Manchester, Leeds and the mill towns of Northern England. There are also relatively large concentrations in the Scottish cities of Glasgow and Edinburgh.

text: The top 20 local authorities in England and Wales with the highest percent of Muslims in 2011[45] were:

text:
London Borough of Tower Hamlets 34.5% 87,696
London Borough of Newham 32.0% 98,456
Blackburn with Darwen 27.4% 38,817
City of Bradford 24.7% 129,041
Luton 24.6% 49,991
London Borough of Redbridge 23.3% 64,999
Slough 23.3% 32,655
London Borough of Waltham Forest 21.9% 56,541
Birmingham 21.8% 234,411
Leicester 18.6% 61,440
London Borough of Brent 18.6% 58,036
City of Westminster 18.3% 40,073
Metropolitan Borough of Oldham 17.7% 39,879
Pendle 17.4% 15,579
London Borough of Enfield 16.7% 52,141
Manchester 15.8% 79,496
London Borough of Ealing 15.7% 53,198
Kirklees 14.5% 61,280

London Central Mosque interior

London Borough of Haringey 14.2% 36,130
London Borough of Hackney 14.1% 34,727

tag: ul

text: Several large cities have one area that is a majority Muslim even if the rest of the city has a fairly small Muslim population. In addition, it is possible to find small areas that are almost entirely Muslim: for example, Savile Town in Dewsbury.[46]

text: In 2015 Muhammad was the most commonly given name for baby boys in England and Wales, if variant spellings are considered.[47][a]

text: Initial limited mosque availability meant that prayers were conducted in small rooms of council flats until the 1980s when more and larger facilities became available. Some synagogues and community buildings were turned into mosques and existing mosques began to expand their buildings. This process has continued down to the present day with the East London Mosque recently expanding into a large former car park where the London Muslim Centre is now used for prayers, recreational facilities and housing.[50][51] Most people regard themselves as part of the ummah, and their identity is based on their religion rather than their ethnic group.[52] Cultural aspects of a 'Bengali Islam' are seen as superstition and as un-Islamic.[52]

text: The 2001 census recorded that there were 179,733 Muslims who described themselves as 'white'.[citation needed] 65% of white Muslims described themselves as "other white", and would likely have originated from locations such as Bosnia and Herzegovina, Kosovo, Adygea, Chechnya, Albania, Turkey, Bulgaria, the region of East Macedonia and Thrace in Northern Greece, and the Republic of Macedonia.[original research?] The remainder of white Muslims are converts and mostly identified themselves as White British and White Irish.

text: Islam is the third-largest religious group of British Indian people, after Hinduism and Sikhism.[53] 8% of UK Muslims are of Indian descent,[54] principally those whose origins are in Gujarat, West Bengal, Telangana and Kerala. Gujarati Muslims from the Surat and Bharuch districts started to arrive from the 1940s when India was under British colonial rule, settling in the towns of Dewsbury and Batley in Yorkshire and in parts of Lancashire.

text: Pakistanis[edit]

text: The single largest group of Muslims in the United Kingdom are of Pakistani descent. Pakistanis from Mirpur District were one of the first South Asian Muslim communities to permanently settle in the United Kingdom, arriving in Birmingham and Bradford in the late 1940s. Immigration from Mirpur grew from the late 1950s, accompanied by immigration from other parts of Pakistan especially from Punjab, particularly from the surrounding villages of Faisalabad, Sahiwal, Sialkot, Jhelum, Gujar Khan and Gujrat, in addition to from the north-west Punjab including the chhachhi Pathans and Pashtuns from Attock District, and some from villages of Ghazi, Nowshera and Peshwar. There is also a fairly large Punjabi community from East Africa found in London. People of Pakistani extraction are particularly notable in West Midlands (Birmingham), West Yorkshire (Bradford), London (Waltham Forest, Newham and Redbridge), Lancashire/Greater Manchester, East Midlands/Nottingham and several industrial towns such as Luton, Slough, High Wycombe and Oxford.

text: Bangladeshis[edit]

text: People of Bangladeshi descent are the second largest Muslim community (after Pakistanis), 15% of Muslims in England and Wales are of Bangladeshi descent, one of the ethnic groups in the UK with the largest proportion of people following a single religion, being 92% Muslim.[55] The majority of these Muslims come from the Sylhet region of Bangladesh, mainly concentrated in London (Tower Hamlets and Newham), Luton, Birmingham and Oldham. The Bangladeshi Muslim community in London forms 24% of the Muslim population, larger than any other ethnic group.[56] There are groups which are active throughout Bangladeshi communities such as The Young Muslim Organization. It is connected to the Islamic Forum Europe, associated with the East London Mosque and the London Muslim Centre – all of which have connections with the Bangladesh Islamic party, the Jamaat-e-Islami.[citation needed] Other groups also attract a few people, the Hizb ut-Tahrir – which calls for the Khilafah (caliphate) and influences by publishing annual magazines, and lectures through mainly political concepts,[57] and the other which is a movement within Sunni Islam is the Salafi – who view the teachings of the first generations as the correct one,[58] and appeals to younger Muslims as a way to differentiate themselves towards their elders.[50][59] Other large groups include another Sunni movement, the Barelwi – mainly of a Fultoli movement[citation needed] (led by Abdul Latif Chowdhury in Bangladesh), and the Tablighi Jamaat – which is a missionary and revival movement,[60] and avoids political attention. All these groups work to stimulate Islamic identity among local Bengalis or Muslims and particularly focus on the younger members of the communities.[51][61][62]

text: Somalis[edit]

text: The United Kingdom, with 43,532 Somalia-born residents in 2001,[63] and an estimated 101,000 in 2008,[64] is home to the largest Somali community in Europe. A 2009 estimate by Somali community organisations puts the Somali population figure at 90,000 residents.[65] The first Somali immigrants were seamen and traders who arrived in small numbers in port cities in the late 19th century, although most Somalis in the UK are recent arrivals.[65] Established Somali communities are found in Bristol, Cardiff, Liverpool and London, and newer ones have formed in Leicester, Manchester and Sheffield.[66][67][68][69]

text: Gujaratis[edit]

text: There are large numbers of Gujarati Muslims in Dewsbury, Blackburn (including Darwen), Bolton, Preston, Nottingham, Leicester, Nuneaton, Gloucester and London (Newham, Waltham Forest and Hackney).[citation needed]

text: Turks[edit]

text: Turks first began to emigrate in large numbers from the island of Cyprus for work and then again when Turkish Cypriots were forced to leave their homes during the Cyprus conflict.[citation needed] Turks then began to come from Turkey for economic reasons. Recently, smaller groups of Turks have begun to immigrate to the United Kingdom from other European countries.[70] In 2011, there was a total of about 500,000 people of Turkish origin in the UK,[71] made up of approximately 150,000 Turkish nationals and about 300,000 Turkish Cypriots.[72] Furthermore, in recent years, there has been a growing number of ethnic Turks with German, or Dutch citizenship immigrating to Britain. Turkish-speaking Muslims have also come to Britain from parts of the Balkans where they make up a large, indigenous ethnic and religious minority dating to the period of Ottoman rule, particularly Bulgaria, the province of East Macedonia and Thrace in Northern Greece, the Republic of Macedonia, and Romania. Although some of these Balkan Turks, like the Pomaks of southern Bulgaria and Northern Greece, are actually the descendants of Ottoman-era converts to Islam, and are therefore sometimes defined as (e.g.) Bulgarian Muslims and Greek Muslims; the vast majority are the descendants of Turkish settlers dating to the early Ottoman period. Even many of those of non-Turkish origin have adopted the Turkish language and identity, through a combination of educational links with Turkey, intermarriage with Turkish Muslims, and assimilation into mainstream Turkish culture. The majority of Turks live in the greater London area.[73]

text: Arabs[edit]

text: Aside from North African Arabs, often referred to as Maghrebis (mentioned below), people of Arab origin in Britain are the descendants of Arab immigrants to Britain from a variety of Arab states, including Yemen, Syria, Iraq, Lebanon, Jordan and Palestine. Most British Arabs are Sunni Muslim, although some – such as those of southern Iraqi and southern Lebanese origin – are Shi'ite. A smaller number belong to one of the Eastern Christian denominations, such as Coptic Orthodox Egyptians and Maronite or Syrian Orthodox Arabs from the Levant. The main Arab Muslim communities in the UK live in the Greater London area, with smaller numbers living in Manchester, Liverpool, and Birmingham. There are also sizable and very long-established communities of Muslim Yemenis in the United Kingdom in among other places Cardiff and the South Shields area near Newcastle.

text: North African both Berbers & Arabs from the Maghreb (English: western) Although data is scarce, Maghrebis make up a substantial community in Europe and the United Kingdom. Britain has far fewer of Maghrebis than France, The Netherlands or Spain, where the majority of Muslims are Maghrebi.[74]

text: Nigerians[edit]

text: A 2009 government paper estimated the Nigerian Muslim community as 12,000 to 14,000.[75] The community is concentrated in London.

text: Nigerian Muslims in the UK are represented by several community organizations including the Nigeria Muslim Forum.[76]

text: Branches[edit]

text:
Demographics of British Muslims (JPR), 2017[77]

Non-denominational Sunni

51.1%

Other Sunni

14.1%

Shia

5.0%

Barelvi

4.5%

Salafi

3.8%

Deobandi

3.1%

Ahmadiyya

1.0%

Other form of Islam

18.0%

text: An August 2017 survey by the Bertelsmann Stiftung foundation found that among British Muslims, 75% were Sunni and 8% were Shia.[78] A September 2017 survey by the Institute for Jewish Policy Research (JPR) found that among British Muslims, 77% were Sunni, 5% were Shia, 1% were Ahmadiyya, and 4% were members of other denominations. 14% of British Muslims said they didn't know or refused to answer the survey.[79]

text: Sunni[edit]

text: In 2015, The Economist stated that were 2.3 million Sunnis in the UK.[80]

text: Among British Sunnis in 2017, 66.7% were just non-denominational Sunni, 5.9% were Barelvi, 5.0% were Salafist, 4.1% were Deobandi, and 18.3% adhered to another other Sunni Islam.[81]

text: The majority of British mosques are Sunni, including Deobandi, Barelvis and Salafi. In 2010 the affiliation of the mosques was: 44.6% Deobandi, 28.2% Barelvi and other Sufi, 5.8% Salafi, 2.8% Maudoodi-inspired; of the remainder many were part of other Sunni traditions or unaffiliated, while 4.2% were Shi'a (4%). The majority of mosque managers are of Pakistani and Bangladeshi origin, with many Gujarati, and fewer Arab, Turkish and Somali managed entities.[82]

text: Shia[edit]

text: In 2015, The Economist stated that were 400,000 Shias in the UK.[80]

text: Shia mosques are usually Twelvers but also cater for Zaydis and the 50,000-strong Ismaili community;[83] they usually include facilities for women. Various Shia mosques include the Husseini Islamic Centre in Stanmore, Harrow which acts as one of the main Shia Muslim mosques in Britain. Others include Al Masjid ul Husseini in Northolt, Ealing, and Imam Khoei Islamic Centre in Queens Park, Brent.

text: Ahmadiyya[edit]

text: The Ahmadiyya Muslim Community (AMC) established itself in the UK in 1912 and is thus the longest standing Muslim community in the UK. The UK and worldwide headquarters of the AMC are currently situated on the grounds of 'The London Mosque' (Masjid Fazl), London's first Mosque (1926), in the Southfields area of South-West London. The AMC also has the largest Muslim youth organisation, the Ahmadiyya Muslim Youth Association (Majlis Khuddamul Ahmadiyya) in the UK (membership of 7,500) and the largest Muslim women's organisation, the Ahmadiyya Muslim Women's Association (Lajna Imaila), in the UK (membership of 10,000).[84]

text: Associations[edit]

text:
Ahmadiyya Muslim Association[85]
Association of British Muslims, the oldest organisation of British Muslims, created in 1889 as the English Islamic Association by Abdullah Quilliam.[31][86][86]
Association of Muslim Lawyers
British Muslim Forum
Civil Service Islamic Society
Dawatul Islam
Islamic Forum of Europe
Islamic Party of Britain
Islamic Society of Britain
Minhaj-ul-Quran UK
Mosques & Imams National Advisory Board
Muslim Association of Britain
Muslim Council of Britain
Muslim Educational Trust
Muslim Parliament of Great Britain
Muslim Public Affairs Committee UK
Muslim Safety Forum
Sufi Muslim Council
The Young Muslims UK
UK Islamic Mission
World Islamic Mission
Young Muslim Organisation

text: Position in society[edit]

text: Poverty[edit]

text: According to analysis based on the 2011 census, Muslims in the United Kingdom face poor standards of housing, poorer levels of education and are more vulnerable to long-term illness,[87] and that Muslims in the UK had the highest rate of unemployment, the poorest health, the most disability and fewest educational qualifications among religious groups.[88] The figures were, to some extent, explained by the fact that Muslims were the least well-established group, having the youngest age profile.[88]

text: Conversely, it was estimated in 2008 that there were approximately 10,000 Muslim millionaires in the UK.[89] There are 13,400 Muslim-owned businesses in London, creating more than 70,000 jobs and representing just over 33 per cent of Small to Medium Enterprises in London.[90]

text: Education[edit]

text: In 2011, 24.0 per cent of British Muslims had degree level qualifications, compared to 27.2 per cent of the population as a whole.[87] 25.6 per cent of Muslims had no qualifications, compared to the national average of 22.7 per cent.[87] In 2006, it was found that approximately 53% of British Muslim youth chose to attend university.[91] This was higher than the figure for Christians (45%) and the non-religious (32%) but lower than for Hindus (77%) and Sikhs (63%).[91]

text: There are around 140 Muslim faith schools in the UK, twelve of them being state-funded.[92] In 2008, 86.5% of pupils attending Muslim schools achieved five GCSEs, compared to a figure of 72.8% of Roman Catholic schools and 64.5% of secular schools.[93]

text: In 2016, Tauheedul Islam Girls' High School in Blackburn with Darwen was ranked first in the Government's new Progress 8 league table, with Tauheedul Islam Boys' High School coming in second place.[94]

text: Islamic scholars and leaders[edit]

text: Several notable Muslim religious leaders and scholars are based in the UK, including:

text:
Allama Qamaruzzaman Azmi, Leader of World Islamic Mission
Muhammad Imdad Hussain Pirzada of Muslim Charity and Jamia Al-Karam
Shaykh Muhammad al-Ya’qoubi of Al-Mustafa Centre
Waqar Azmi OBE, EU Ambassador of Intercultural Dialogue
Muhammad Arshad Misbahi Imam of Manchester Central Mosque
Sheikh Abdul Qayum, Chief Imam of East London Mosque
Muhammad Abdul Bari, secretary of Muslim Aid
Abu Yusuf Riyadh ul Haq, khateeb of Birmingham Central Mosque
Dr. Mahmudul Hasan, khateeb of Essex Mosque
Abdur Rahman Madani television presenter and Chief Imam of Darul Ummah Mosque
Faiz-ul-Aqtab Siddiqi, principal of Hijaz College
Ajmal Masroor, imam and politician
Dr. Timothy Winter, Dean of Cambridge Muslim College and Director of Studies at Cambridge University
Mirza Masroor Ahmad, fifth Caliph of the Ahmadiyya Muslim Community.

text: Politics[edit]

text: Muslims are playing an increasingly prominent role in political life.[95] Fifteen Muslim MPs were elected in the June 2017 general election,[96] and there are twelve Muslim peers in the House of Lords[citation needed] (there have historically been about fourteen, starting with Lord Stanley, a peer that lived in the 19th century). The majority of British Muslims vote for the Labour Party,[97] however there are some high-profile Conservative Muslims, including former Minister for Faith and Communities and former Co-Chairman of the Conservative Party Sayeeda Warsi and Economic Secretary to the Treasury Sajid Javid,[98] described by The Guardian as a 'rising star' in the Tory party.[99] The Guardian stated that "The treasury minister is highly regarded on the right and would be the Tories' first Muslim leader." Salma Yaqoob is the former leader of the left-wing Respect Party.[100] Sayeeda Warsi, who was the first Muslim to serve in a British cabinet, was appointed by David Cameron in 2010 as a minister without portfolio. She was made a senior minister of state in 2012. In August 2014 she resigned over the government's approach to the 2014 Israel-Gaza conflict.[101]

text: Muslim political parties in Britain have included the People's Justice Party (UK), a Pakistani and Kashmiri party that won city council seats in Manchester in the 2000s,[102] and the unsuccessful Islamic Party of Britain, an Islamist party in Bradford in the 1990s.[103]

text: Media[edit]

text: British Muslims are well represented in various media positions across different organisations. Notable examples include Mehdi Hasan, the political editor of the UK version of The Huffington Post[104] and the presenter of Al Jazeera English shows The Café and Head to Head,[105] Mishal Husain, a British news presenter for the BBC, currently appearing on BBC World News and BBC Weekend News, Rageh Omaar, special correspondent with ITV and formerly Senior Foreign Correspondent with the BBC and a reporter/presenter for Al Jazeera English,[106] and Faisal Islam, economics editor and correspondent for Channel 4 News.[107]

text: There are several Islamic television channels operating in the UK, including British Muslim TV, Muslim Television Ahmadiyya International (MTA International),[108][109] Ummah Channel,[110] Ahlebait TV, and Fadak.

text: Identity[edit]

text: According to one survey from 2006, around 81% of Muslims think of themselves as Muslim first. Muslims living in Muslim-majority countries also tend to think of themselves as Muslim first rather than identifying with nation states (for example 87% of Pakistanis identify themselves as Muslim first rather than Pakistani).[111] However around 83% of Muslims are proud to be a British citizen, compared to 79% of the general public, 77% of Muslims strongly identify with Britain while only 50% of the wider population do, 86.4% of Muslims feel they belong in Britain, slightly more than the 85.9% of Christians, 82% of Muslims want to live in diverse and mixed neighbourhoods compared to 63% of non-Muslim Britons.[112] In polls taken across Europe 2006, British Muslims hold the most negative view of westerners out of all Muslims in Europe, whilst overall in Britain 63% of British hold the most favourable view of Muslims out of all the European countries (down from 67% the year before).[113]

text: On religious issues a poll reported that 36% of 16- to 24-year-olds believe if a Muslim converts to another religion they should be punished by death, compared to 19% of 55+ year old Muslims. A poll reported that 59% of Muslims would prefer to live under British law, compared to 28% who would prefer to live under sharia law. 61% of respondents agreed with the statement that homosexuality is wrong and should be illegal.[114][115][116] This appeared to be borne out by a Gallup poll in 2009 of 500 British Muslims, none of whom believed that homosexuality was morally acceptable.[117] Such polls suggest that British Muslims have strongly conservative views on issues relating to extra-marital and/or homosexual sexual acts compared with their European Muslim counterparts – who are markedly more liberal.[117] However, a poll conducted by Demos in 2011 reported that a greater proportion of Muslims (47% – slightly higher than the 46.5% of Christians who agreed with the statement) than other religions agreed with the statement "I am proud of how Britain treats gay people", with less than 11% disagreeing.[118][119][120] On 18 May 2013, just as the bill to legalize same-sex marriages was being prepared to pass into law, over 400 leading Muslims including head teachers and senior representatives of mosques across the country, published an open letter opposing the bill on the grounds that "Muslim parents will be robbed of their right to raise their children according to their beliefs, as homosexual relationships are taught as something normal to their primary-aged children".[121] A recent 2016 poll has shown an increasing accepts of homosexuality from 61 to 52[122]

text: A 2013 survey indicated that immigrants from Muslim countries were perceived as integrating less well into British society than immigrants from other countries were.[123] Another poll revealed that 28% of British Muslims hoped that Britain would one day become an Islamic state, while 52% disagreed, and 20% did not venture an opinion either way.[124]

text: Sharia[edit]

text: Although sharia is not part of the British legal system, several British establishment figures have supported its use in areas of dispute resolution in Islamic communities. For example, in February 2008 Rowan Williams the Archbishop of Canterbury (the head of the Church of England) lectured at the Royal Courts of Justice on Islam and English Law.[125] In this lecture he spoke of the possibility of using sharia in some circumstances.

text: [...] it might be possible to think in terms of [...] a scheme in which individuals retain the liberty to choose the jurisdiction under which they will seek to resolve certain carefully specified matters, so that 'power-holders are forced to compete for the loyalty of their shared constituents'

text: Several months later, Lord Phillips, then Lord Chief Justice of England and Wales supported the idea that sharia could be reasonably employed as a basis for "mediation or other forms of alternative dispute resolution", and explained that "It is not very radical to advocate embracing sharia law in the context of family disputes, for example, and our system already goes a long way towards accommodating the archbishop's suggestion."[126]

text: In March 2014, The Law Society issued guidance on how to draft sharia-compliant wills for the network of sharia courts which been established to deal with disputes between Muslim families.[127] The guidance was withdrawn later in 2014 following criticism by solicitors and by Chris Grayling, the Justice Secretary.[128]

text: During recent years sharia councils have been used increasingly in the UK and there are claims some of them act unfairly to women including legitimizing forced marriages and issuing discriminatory divorces to women. There are claims that some women were victims of inequitable decisions. In 2016, the Home Secretary Theresa May said "There is only one rule of law in our country, which provides rights and security for every citizen." An independent review due to be completed in 2017 will investigate whether Sharia discriminates against women, also "whether, and to what extent, the application of Sharia law may be incompatible with the law in England and Wales".[129]

text: Extremist ideology[edit]

text: In June 2017, Jeremy Corbyn, leader of the Labour Party, said that difficult conversations are needed, starting with Saudi Arabia and other Gulf states that have funded and fuelled extremist ideology.[130][131] Tom Brake, Liberal Democrat, foreign affairs spokesman has said that Saudi Arabia provides funding to hundreds of mosques in the UK, espousing a very hardline Wahhabist interpretation of Islam.[132]

text: Henry Jackson Society report[edit]

text: In July 2017, a report by the Henry Jackson Society, which was commissioned by the UK government, said that Middle Eastern nations are providing financial support to mosques and Islamic educational institutions, which have been linked to the spread of extremist material with "an illiberal, bigoted Wahhabi ideology".[133][134] The report said that the number of Salafi and Wahhabi mosques in Britain had increased from 68 in 2007 to 110 in 2014.[135]

text: Controversy[edit]

text: The British media has been criticised for propagating negative stereotypes of Muslims and fueling anti-Muslim prejudice.[136] In 2006, British cabinet ministers were criticised for helping to "unleash a public anti-Muslim backlash" by blaming the Muslim community over issues of integration despite a study commissioned by the Home Office on white and Asian-Muslim youths demonstrating otherwise: that Asian-Muslim youths "are in fact the most tolerant of all" and that white British youths "have far more intolerant attitudes," concluding that intolerance from the white British community was a greater "barrier to integration."[137][138] Another survey by Gallup in 2009 also found that the Muslim community feels more patriotic about Britain than the general British population,[139][140] while another survey found that Muslims assert that they support the role of Christianity in British life more so than Christians themselves.[141] A survey by ICM Research found that 52% of the Muslims said they believe homosexuality should be illegal which contrasted with the non-Muslim public at 22%.[142] In January 2010, the British Social Attitudes Survey found that the general British public "is far more likely to hold negative views of Muslims than of any other religious group," with "just one in four" feeling "positively about Islam," and a "majority of the country would be concerned if a mosque was built in their area, while only 15 per cent expressed similar qualms about the opening of a church."[143] The "scapegoating" of Muslims by the media and politicians in the 21st century has been compared in the media to the rise of antisemitism in the early 20th century.[144]

text: There has also been discrimination by orthodox Sunni Muslims against Ahmadiyya Muslims. In 2014, on the 125 anniversary of the establishment of the Ahmadiyya Muslim Community, the Community published an advertisement in the Luton on Sunday. Following a written complaint from Dr Fiaz Hussain, co-ordinator of the Preservation of Finality of Prophethood Forum (PFPF), stating that the Ahmadiyya community should not be called "Muslim" because it rejected some of the basic principles of Islam,[145] the paper received a delegation of 'Community Leaders' and shortly afterwards printed an apology disassociating itself from the Ahmadiyya advertisement.[146] Tell MAMA responded by identifying attempts to intimidate or discriminate against Ahmadiyya Muslims "as anti-Muslim in nature".[147] The newspaper received a lot of criticism for this apology, to some oberservers it appeared that it had taken the stance of Islamic extremists.

text: Islamophobia[edit]

text: There have been cases of threats,[148] one alleged fatal attack,[149] and non-fatal attacks on Muslims and on Muslim targets, including attacks on Muslim graves[150] and mosques.[151] In January 2010, a report from the University of Exeter's European Muslim Research Centre noted that the number of anti-Muslim hate crimes has increased, ranging from "death threats and murder to persistent low-level assaults, such as spitting and name-calling," for which the media and politicians have been blamed with fueling anti-Muslim hatred.[152][153][154] However, Met Police figures showed an 8.5 per cent fall in anti-Muslim crimes between 2009 and 2012, with a spike in 2013 due to the murder of Lee Rigby.[155]

text: Organisations[edit]

text: The emergence of the English Defence League has resulted in demonstrations in English cities with large Muslim populations.[156][157][158][159][160] The EDL is a far-right, anti-Muslim[157][158][161][162][163] street protest movement which opposes what it considers to be a spread of Islamism, Sharia law and Islamic extremism in the United Kingdom.[164][165][166][167][168] The EDL has been described by The Jewish Chronicle as Islamophobic.[169] The group has faced confrontations with various groups, including supporters of Unite Against Fascism (UAF) and Anonymous.[170][171][172]

text: Notable mosques[edit]

text:
Shah Jahan Mosque, Woking - Britain's first mosque
Fazl Mosque, London's first mosque
Baitul Futuh Mosque, London - Britain's largest mosque
Ghamkol Shariff Masjid, Birmingham
Manchester Central Mosque, Manchester
Madina Mosque (Sheffield), Sheffield

text:
Green Lane Masjid, Birmingham
Markazi Mosque, Dewsbury
Al-Rahma Mosque, Liverpool
Jamea Masjid, Preston
Birmingham Central Mosque
East London Mosque, London
Leeds Grand Mosque, Leeds
Finsbury Park Mosque, London
Abbey Mills Mosque, London
Glasgow Central Mosque, Glasgow


document_title: Nadiya Hussain

question_text: who is the host of the big family cooking showdown

text: Nadiya Hussain

text: Early life[edit]

text: Hussain is a second-generation British Bangladeshi born and raised in Luton, where she attended Challney High School and Luton Sixth Form College. She was one of six children, with three sisters and two brothers. Hussain's father was a chef and owned an Indian restaurant.[15] Hussain started wearing hijab aged 14 to cover up her "bad hair more than anything else" because her father "cut it really badly."[16][17][18] As a teenager she was diagnosed with panic disorder and underwent cognitive behavioural therapy.[19] Hussain revealed her mental health battles in moving Sport Relief film. [20]

text: Hussain learned basic cooking skills at school;[6] her mother never baked and used the oven for storage. She taught herself the rest from recipe books and watching videos on YouTube. Her favourite book is a baking-themed book by Irish novelist Marian Keyes.[21]

text: At the time of The Great British Bake Off, Hussain was a homemaker living in Leeds with her husband, an IT specialist, and three children, while studying for an Open University degree in Childhood and Youth Studies.[22] As part of a pre-arranged wager with her husband, their house was sold, within seven days, in preparation for a move to Milton Keynes.[21]

text: Television career[edit]

text: The Great British Bake Off[edit]

text: In 2015, Hussain appeared in and won the sixth series of The Great British Bake Off. During the final she baked 16 iced buns in three hours, as well as raspberry-flavoured mille-feuille, to one of Paul Hollywood's recipes, in two hours, and a multi-layered presentation showstopper which took the form of "My Big Fat British Wedding Cake", in a time of four hours. During her acceptance speech, she said, "I'm never gonna put boundaries on myself ever again. I'm never gonna say I can't do it. I'm never gonna say 'maybe'. I'm never gonna say, 'I don't think I can.' I can and I will."[23]

text: With more than 15 million viewers, the final was the most-watched show of 2015.[24] Her appearance on the show, and ensuing popularity with audiences, were deemed important steps toward shifting stereotypes about the Muslim community and acceptance about cultural diversity.[25][26][27]

text: Hussain established a large following on social media thanks to her stunning show-stoppers and her illuminating facial expressions, her online followers describe themselves as "Nadiyators" and also won backing of then Prime Minister David Cameron.[28]

text: The Junior Bake Off[edit]

text: In 2016, Hussain became judge on Junior Bake Off.[29] Hussain replaced Mary Berry on CBBC's version of the contest in which 40 children aged 9 to 12 compete to create the best cakes and treats.[30]

text: The Chronicles of Nadiya[edit]

text: Hussain was presenter of two-part foodie travelogue, The Chronicles of Nadiya,[31] in which she travels to Bangladesh to trace her culinary roots.[32] She visits her paternal grandfather's village in the Sylhet region of north-east Bangladesh. She cooked for the crew of one of the country's famous paddle steamers that ply the waterways, and visited a riverside village where they still practise the ancient art of otter fishing. In the capital Dhaka, she helped Thrive, a charity delivering meals to deprived schoolchildren.[33]

text: The first episode debuted immediately after The Great British Bake Off aired on 24 August 2016 and was watched by 4.5 million viewers, a 20.5% share of all television viewers during the broadcast slot.[34] The Chronicles of Nadiya was Nominated for 2017 National Television Awards under 'Factual Entertainment' category.[35] For The Chronicles of Nadiya, Hussain was nominated for Breakthrough star of 2017 in the Royal Television Society Awards.[14]

text: Nadiya's British Food Adventure[edit]

text: From July 2017 Hussain presented Nadiya's British Food Adventure, an eight-part series on BBC Two.[36] Hussain travelled across the country, visiting food producers, and then returned to her kitchen to cook using ingredients found on her journeys.[37][38][5]

text: A tie-in cookery book, published by Michael Joseph, features new recipes that use British ingredients cooked in a Bangladeshi style, such as Masala eggy bread, Yorkshire pudding with chia seeds and aubergine pakoras with ketchup.[39]

text: Big Family Cooking Showdown[edit]

text: Beginning in the autumn 2017 Hussain co-presented The Big Family Cooking Showdown alongside Zoë Ball.[40][41]

text: Media appearances[edit]

text: On Christmas Day 2015, Hussain made a cameo appearance in the BBC One show Michael McIntyre's Big Christmas Show recorded at the Theatre Royal, Drury Lane.[42] Hussain has appeared as a reporter for The One Show on BBC One.[43][44]

text: Hussain is a guest presenter on Loose Women.[10] She announced on the programme that she had been given the honour of baking Queen Elizabeth II's 90th birthday cake,[45][46] an orange drizzle cake with orange curd and orange butter cream. Hussain said: "When I told the kids (I was making a cake for the Queen), the boys were great at keeping it a secret. I told my daughter and she said, 'Oh Mary Berry? You’ve made lots of cakes for Mary Berry'."[47]

text: In August 2016, Hussain was a guest on BBC Radio 4's Desert Island Discs,[48] and was interviewed by Kirsty Young. She opened up about her struggles as a young mother, the social isolation suffered by some Muslim women and how her confidence grew during Bake-Off. She described the racial abuse she still receives on the street and, determined to be a good role model to her children, how she responds with the "dignity of silence".[11][49][50]

text: In December 2016, Hussain presented a two-hour cookery show at her home on BBC Radio 2 alongside Olly Smith as part of BBC radio Christmas line-up. The show is her first new programme after signing a deal to make the BBC her 'home' – scotching speculation she would join Channel 4's version of Bake Off.[51]

text: On 9 December Hussain was a guest on BBC One's The Graham Norton Show.[52]

text: Writing career[edit]

text: Newspaper and magazine columns[edit]

text: Hussain is Contributing Editor to UK's biggest food media brand, BBC's Good Food .[53] Hussain also writes a weekly column for The Times Magazine, a part of the Saturday supplement of The Times,[21][54][55] and was previously columnist for Essentials magazine.[56]

text: Her recipes have also appeared in BBC's Good Food magazine,[57] The Sun on Sunday's Fabulous magazine,[58][59] The Guardian[60] and The Telegraph.[60]

text: Author[edit]

text: Hussain was signed by UK publisher Michael Joseph, part of Penguin Random House,[7] for her debut book Nadiya's Kitchen, which is a collection of the recipes which she cooks for friends and family.[61] In 2017, Michael Joseph is published a tie-in cookery book for Hussain's primetime eight-part BBC2 cookery series of the same name, Nadiya's British Food Adventure.[39]

text: Hussain has written a children's book of stories and recipes, Bake Me A Story, published by Hodder Children's Books,[8] which blends updated versions of fairytales (poor "Sleepless Beauty" just needs a nice cup of cardamom-infused hot chocolate to break her curse; resourceful Jack wins the giant over with yummy bean patties) with colourful illustrations and child-friendly recipes.[2] In 2017, Bake Me A Story was shortlisted for Children's Book of the Year prize at the British Book Awards.[13] Following the success, a second cookbook and storybook compilation, Nadiya's Bake Me a Festive Story will be published in October 2017.[62]

text: The 2016 chart of the Top 100 Food & Drink books by book sales, compiled by industry analysts Nielsen, placed Hussain's books Nadiya's Kitchen and Bake Me A Story, in third and fourth place respectively.[63]

text: Nadiya's released her first novel, The Secret Lives of the Amir Sisters, in January 2017 with help from author Ayisha Malik and was billed as a British Muslim take on Little Women.[9] A review published in The Guardian by Jenny Colgan sparked a fierce backlash on social media after Colgan questioned if Hussain "really need to put her name to a novel, too, when there’s only so much shelf space to go around?” and accused Hussain of being “greedy”. [64] [65]

text: Cookery[edit]

text: Queen Elizabeth II's 90th birthday[edit]

text: Hussain was commissioned by Buckingham Palace to bake Elizabeth II's cake as part of her 90th birthday celebrations. Hussain chose to bake an orange drizzle cake with orange curd and orange buttercream.[66][67]

text: Other commissions[edit]

text: Hussain was commissioned by London Dungeon to mark the 350th anniversary of the Great Fire of London, and created a fire-inspired loaf.[68] In June 2016, Hussain collaborated with Champneys Spa Hotel to create a special afternoon tea dessert.[69] She was also commissioned by Disney to make an Alice inspired cake for 'Alice Through the Looking Glass' themed tea party in London.[70][71]

text: Personal life[edit]

text: At the age of 19, Hussain married Abdal Hussain, whom she had only met once before, in an arranged marriage; they married in a traditional ceremony in Bangladesh. They have two sons and a daughter.[21][72] Hussain's birthday is on Christmas Day[73] and her sister Sadiya's birthday is on Christmas Eve.[74]

text: Hussain is ambassador for Starlight Children's Foundation, which supports lives of seriously ill children[75] and is also WaterAid ambassador.[76] Hussain has shown her support for Armistice Day by wearing a 'poppy headscarf', designed to commemorate the number of Muslim soldiers who fought in World War One as well as promote the wearing of the poppy amongst British Muslims.[77]

text: Awards and nominations[edit]

text:
Year
Award
Category
Work
Result

2017
National Television Awards (NTA)
Factual Entertainment[35][78]
The Chronicles of Nadiya
Nominated

Royal Television Society (RTS)
Breakthrough Star[14]
Nominated

Grierson Awards
Best Documentary Presenter[79]
Nominated

Women in Film & Television (UK)
Presenter Award [80][81]
Won

British Book Awards
Children's Book of the Year[13]
Bake Me A Story
Nominated

2018
RTS West of England Awards
Factual Entertainment [82]
Nadiya's British Food Adventure
Won

text: Filmography[edit]

text:
Year
Title
Channel
Role

2015
The Great British Bake Off[24]
BBC One
Winner

2015, 2016—
The One Show[43][44]
Reporter

2015—
Saturday Kitchen'[83][84]
Guest chef

2016
Loose Women[10][47]
ITV
Occasional panellist

The Chronicles of Nadiya[32][35][14]
BBC One
Presenter

Junior Bake Off[29]
CBBC
Judge

2017
Nadiya's British Food Adventure[36][37][38][5]
BBC Two
Presenter

The Big Family Cooking Showdown[40][41][6]
Co-presenter

2018
The Hajj[85]
BBC One
Presenter

text: Bibliography[edit]

text: Cookery[edit]

text:
Nadiya's Kitchen (Michael Joseph, June 2016) ISBN 9780718184513
Nadiya's Bake Me a Story (Hodder Children's Books, September 2016) ISBN 9781444933277
Nadiya's British Food Adventure(Michael Joseph, July 2017) ISBN 9780718184513
Nadiya's Bake Me a Festive Story (Hodder Children's Books, October 2017) ISBN 9781444939613

text: Fiction[edit]

text: The Secret Lives of the Amir Sisters (Harlequin, January 2017) ISBN 9780008192259


document_title: List of winless seasons

question_text: last nfl team to go without a win

question_tokens: last nfl team to go without a win

text: List of winless seasons

text: Gridiron football[edit]

text: Because of the relatively small number of games played in college and professional football seasons, there is a possibility that a particularly inept team will not manage to win any games. Before overtime was used consistently, teams might tie a game without winning one; these are generally counted in lists of winless seasons. This is because, during eras before overtime was introduced to American football, leagues generally ignored tied games when calculating winning percentage.

text: National Football League[edit]

text: 8 or more games[edit]

text:
Year
Team
Wins
Losses
Ties
Strength of Schedule
Remarks

2017
Cleveland Browns
0
16
0
0.520
Ties the 2008 Detroit Lions for most losses in a single season. Coincidentally, both had perfect 4–0 preseasons, and lost the final game of the regular season to a heated division rival on the road. First NFL franchise to have multiple seasons with 15 or more losses, going 1–31 over two seasons, with their only win in week 16 of the 2016 season. The only franchise to have a winless season and a perfect season (1948).

2008
Detroit Lions
0
16
0
0.559
Detroit was the first non-expansion team to lose every game in a full season since World War II. This was their second winless season in franchise history (1942, see below). With this season, The Lions became only the second NFL franchise with two full winless seasons (and the only one still in existence).

1982
Baltimore Colts
0
8
1
0.648
Strike-shortened season.

1976
Tampa Bay Buccaneers
0
14
0
0.520
Debut season; went on to lose the first 12 games of the 1977 season as well, to start 0–26 as a franchise.

1960
Dallas Cowboys
0
11
1
0.540
Debut season.

1944
Brooklyn Tigers
0
10
0
0.645
Suspended operations after the season, and did not return to the league after World War II ended.

1944
Card-Pitt
0
10
0
0.650
Merger between Chicago Cardinals and the Pittsburgh Steelers due to player shortages during World War II; the Steelers themselves merged with the Philadelphia Eagles the previous year for the same reasons. Also, the Steagles were the only team the Steelers had merged and won games with the Eagles.

1943
Chicago Cardinals
0
10
0
0.595
If one includes the 1944 Card-Pitt team (see above), the Cardinals are the only NFL team to have back-to-back full seasons without a victory. (The league, however, considers Card-Pitt and the Cardinals to be separate franchises.)

1942
Detroit Lions
0
11
0
0.541
This was the first NFL season during U.S. involvement in World War II, leading to a depletion of the player talent pool. There were talks of suspending play. However, it was ultimately decided to continue operations to boost morale on the home front.[1]

1934
Cincinnati Reds
0
8
0
0.608
Folded before the season was over.

1925
Columbus Tigers
0
9
0
0.649
First franchise with more than one full winless season (the Tigers folded after the 1926 campaign).

1922
Columbus Panhandles
0
8
0
0.531

text: The Rochester Jeffersons went a combined 0–21–2 from 1922 to 1925, but played only partial NFL schedules in those years (0–4–1, 0–4, 0–7 and 0–6–1, respectively). They also had another winless season in 1911 going 0–1–3 in the New York Pro Football League.

text: Source: Worst NFL Teams of all time (ESPN)[2]

text: 7 games or fewer[edit]

text:
Year
Team
Wins
Losses
Ties
Strength of schedule
Remarks

1929
Dayton Triangles
0
6
0
0.656
Dayton's final season. The third and consecutive winless seasons for Dayton. Their final win was in 1927 then consecutively went 0–18–1 losing every game in their final two seasons.

1928
Dayton Triangles
0
7
0
0.625
The second winless season for Dayton.

1927
Buffalo Bisons
0
5
0
0.456
The Bisons consecutively went 0–13–2 through a three-season span.

1926
Hammond Pros
0
4
0
0.537
The second winless season for Hammond.

1926
Louisville Colonels
0
4
0
0.546
Louisville changed their name from the Brecks to the Colonels making this the franchise's third winless season and going 1-12–0 in their four seasons.

1925
Rochester Jeffersons
0
6
1
0.609
The fourth consecutive winless season for the Jeffersons. They went 0–21–2 through this span.

1925
Dayton Triangles
0
7
1
0.663

1925
Duluth Kelleys
0
3
0
0.621

1925
Milwaukee Badgers
0
6
0
0.708

1924
Kenosha Maroons
0
4
1
0.612
Only season.

1924
Minneapolis Marines
0
6
0
0.650
Consecutively went 0-9-2 through a three-season span.

1924
Rochester Jeffersons
0
6
0
0.594
The third consecutive winless season for the Jeffersons.

1923
Louisville Brecks
0
3
0
0.544
The second winless season for Louisville in their third season, and only having one win in the previous season.

1923
Rochester Jeffersons
0
4
0
0.550
The second consecutive winless season for the Jeffersons.

1922
Evansville Crimson Giants
0
3
0
0.567

1922
Rochester Jeffersons
0
4
1
0.590

1922
Hammond Pros
0
4
1
0.526

1921
Tonawanda Kardex
0
1
0
0.400
Only NFL season.

1921
Muncie Flyers
0
2
0
0.444
The second winless season in a row. The Flyers finished their NFL franchise record as 0–3.

1921
Louisville Brecks
0
2
0
0.285

1921
New York Brickley Giants
0
2
0
0.650
Only Season.

1920
Muncie Flyers
0
1
0
0.700

text: Arena Football League[edit]

text: The previously shorter length of seasons in arena football made imperfect seasons quite possible. The following teams went through an Arena Football League season without winning a game:

text:
Year
Team
Played
Remarks

1989
Maryland Commandos
4
Only year branded as the Maryland Commandos.

1991
Columbus Thunderbolts
10
Moved to Cleveland the following year.

1992
New Orleans Night
10
Team ceased operations after season.

1994
Milwaukee Mustangs
12
First winless team to remain in same city during following season. Went to 10–4 in 1996. Folded in 2001.

1996
Memphis Pharaohs
14
Relocated twice, firstly as the Portland Forest Dragons from 1997 and then as the Oklahoma Wranglers. Folded in 2001.

2003
Carolina Cobras
16
Went to 6–10 the following season. Folded in 2004.

text: In 2001, the Columbus Wardogs of AF2, the minor league of the AFL, made history becoming the first American football team to go 0–16.

text: United Football League[edit]

text: The United Football League had one winless season. In their inaugural season, the 2009 New York Sentinels lost all six of their games. The team, which was a traveling team that played games in Hartford, Long Island and New Jersey (and had intended to play a game in New York City but backed out), fired its head coach and settled permanently in Hartford to become the Hartford Colonials. Under the UFL's double round robin format, only one team could finish any particular season entirely with losses, since every team played each other at least twice.

text: World League of American Football[edit]

text: The 1991 inaugural season of the World League of American Football saw the Raleigh-Durham Skyhawks fold after losing all ten of their regular-season games. The following year, the WLAF replaced that franchise with the Ohio Glory who almost met the same fate but managed one win in their lone season.

text: Other American football leagues[edit]

text: Since non-professional, semi-professional and minor league teams are inherently unstable in their membership, it is far easier for seasons in which a team wins no games to occur. In the case of non-professional teams, neither mechanisms to force a team to shut down against its will, nor effective drafts or revenue sharing mechanisms to distribute talent evenly among teams typically exist, leading to poor teams accumulating multiple winless seasons. Four teams in football history have both lost all their games and failed to score a single point in an entire season; all played eight games or less. The 1938 Clintonville Four Wheel Drive Truckers failed to score a point in a nine-game season, but managed two 0–0 ties.[3] There are at least twelve teams who have accumulated losing streaks of 20 games or more; there are also four teams who have accumulated seasons of all losses with at least 13 games.[4] In the case of minor professional football, particularly in indoor football leagues, winless seasons often result from an owner's abandonment or other financial hardship. The American Indoor Football Association had at least one winless team in five out of six seasons. The National Indoor Football League went its first three seasons without a winless season, but beginning in 2004, at least one team went winless every year until the league's collapse in 2007. Though the Spring Football League had two teams with winless seasons (the Los Angeles Dragons and the Miami Tropics), and the Stars Football League had one such team (the traveling 2011 Michigan Coyotes), they are almost never mentioned in discussions of perfect and perfectly bad seasons, since those teams only played two games each before the seasons were cut short.

text: AF2 was the minor league of the Arena Football League. In 2001, the Columbus Wardogs made history becoming the first American football team to finish a season 0–16.

text: The Legends Football League (originally Lingerie Football League), whose seasons are only three to four games long for each team, has had eight teams with perfectly bad seasons in three years of play. One such team, the Toronto Triumph, did not win a game in either of their competing seasons in 2011 and 2012.

text: The Princeton Tigers sprint football squad, a team consisting of players under 172 pounds, sustained 16 consecutive winless seasons before Princeton University shut the team down in 2015, citing safety concerns in allowing players to play on a team so heavily outmatched.[5]

text: Canadian Football League[edit]

text: The Canadian Football League currently has a regular season of eighteen games; from 1952 to 1985 it was generally sixteen games as with the current NFL season, though those teams in the Eastern Division played only fourteen as late as 1973.[6] Also, the CFL did not adopt interdivisional regular season play until the early 1960s. Consequently, especially given the much smaller number of teams playing, there have been fewer imperfect seasons than in the National Football League, with the exception of the first decade or so when fewer games were played.

text: CFL teams with no wins in a season (based on official CFL site)[edit]

text:
Year
Team
Games
Wins
Losses
Ties
Comments

1949
Hamilton Wildcats
12
0
12
0
Merged with the Hamilton Tigers for 1950 season

1946
Hamilton Wildcats
12
0
10
2

1941
Montreal Royals
6
0
6
0
Did not resume when Canadian football recommenced after World War II.

1939
Montreal Royals
6
0
5
1

1938
Edmonton Eskimos
8
0
8
0

1938
Montreal Royals
6
0
6
0

text: National Pro Grid League[edit]

text: The National Pro Grid League has a short season of 3 to 4 games per team plus a 4 to 8 team playoff. The Los Angeles Reign did not win one game during the first three seasons of the league.

text: NPGL teams with no wins in a season (based on NPGL site)[edit]

text:
Season
Team
Games
Wins
Losses
Comments

2016
LA Reign
3
0
3

2015
LA Reign
3
0
3

2014
LA Reign
4
0
4
Including one playoff loss.

text: Lacrosse[edit]

text: Seasons in the National Lacrosse League and its predecessors Major Indoor Lacrosse League and Eagle Pro Box Lacrosse League have varied from eight games in the first years of competition to sixteen games today, with the extension having been gradual. The Charlotte Cobras, who played only one season before folding, are the only team in the history of the NLL to have not won a game in a season. In their sole 1996 season they played twelve games and lost them all, before folding.

text: In Major League Lacrosse, the season has consisted of either twelve or fourteen games since the league was formed in 2001. The only winless season in Major League Lacrosse has been by the 2006 Chicago Machine, who went 0–12 and lost an MLL record thirteen consecutive games.

text: Other North American leagues[edit]

text: In the other major professional sports leagues of North America it is virtually impossible that a team could lose all its games, for the simple reason that there are many more games in the regular season than in football or lacrosse.

text: Major League Soccer[edit]

text: The Major League Soccer schedule has consisted of between twenty-six and thirty-four games. No team in Major League Soccer has ever come close to losing all its games: the most losses in a MLS season is 24 from 32 games by the Kansas City Wizards in 1999, the year when the league used shootouts to decide all tied games. Shootouts were abandoned the following season. In 2013, D.C. United set new MLS records in futility. They won a league low three games, and lost a record 24 games, tying the aforementioned Wizards.

text: National Basketball Association[edit]

text: Since the 1967–68 season, the National Basketball Association's regular season schedule has been 82 games long (except 1998–99, 50 games and 2011–12, 66 games due to lockouts). It has been as few as 48 games long, but eventually expanded to an 82-game schedule.

text: The 2011–12 Charlotte Bobcats hold the record for the lowest winning percentage of any team in an NBA season, winning only 7 out of 66 games in a lockout-shortened season, for a winning percentage of .106. This broke the record held by the 1972–73 Philadelphia 76ers, who had a winning percentage of .110 in a full 82-game season. The 1947–48 Providence Steamrollers won an all-time NBA low of six games out of 48 (.125 winning percentage).

text: The 1953–54 Baltimore Bullets went 0–20 on the road. More recently, the 1990–91 Sacramento Kings managed a near-imperfect road season, winning only one of 41 away games.[7] Overall, the Kings lost 43 consecutive road games before beating the Orlando Magic 95–93 on November 23, 1991.

text: Women's National Basketball Association[edit]

text: Since its formation in 1997, the WNBA regular season has been gradually increased from 30 to the current 34-game schedule.

text: No team has gone through a WNBA season without winning a game; the fewest wins in a WNBA season has been three by the 1998 Washington Mystics in their first season, and the 2011 Tulsa Shock. Two other expansion WNBA teams, the 2008 Atlanta Dream at 4–30 and the 2006 Chicago Sky at 5–29 have come closest to this record.

text: United States Basketball League[edit]

text: The Atlantic City Seagulls of the (now defunct) summertime, minor league USBL finished the 2001 season with an 0–28 record. It was quite a turnaround for the franchise, as they were dominant in the USBL just a few years earlier; the Seagulls were USBL runners-up in 1996, then swept to three straight titles in 1997–99. In 2000, the Seagulls slipped to 12–18, fourth place, and were beaten in the first round of the playoffs; after their winless 2001 campaign, the Seagulls folded.

text: British Basketball League[edit]

text: In 2013, Mersey Tigers became the first top-flight British basketball team to go a whole season winless.

text: This record of 0–33 in the regular season of the 2012–13 BBL Championship, was completed with a 90–57 loss away to Glasgow Rocks, but can also be extended to include their complete season of 0–35 (defeats in the first round of the BBL Cup and BBL Trophy).

text: The defeat in the BBL Trophy was also significant because they fell at this stage to EBL Division One side, Worthing Thunder, and in doing so, it was the first time a BBL side had been knocked out from a competition by an EBL team.

text: They also currently hold the longest losing streak of 34 consecutive defeats in the BBL Championship.

text: National Hockey League[edit]

text: The National Hockey League's schedule, like that of the NBA, consists of 82 games. Since the 2004–05 lockout, teams receive two points for a win, one point for a loss in overtime or a shootout, and zero points for a loss in regulation time. From 1997 until 2004, teams received two points for a win, one point for a tie or overtime loss, and zero points for a regulation loss. Prior to 1997, teams received two points for a win, one point for a tie, and no points for a loss. From 1997 to 2004, NHL standings tables had four columns: W–L–T–OTL. From 2005 to 2010, it was reduced to three, W–L–OTL; in 2011, a "regulation/overtime win" column (ROW) was added, which excludes shootout wins; it does not change the point totals, but does serve as the second tiebreaker (after games played; since all teams play 82 games by the season's end barring any unreschedulable cancellations, it becomes the first tiebreaker at season's end).

text: No team has ever come close to losing every game in an NHL season; the worst record is by the 1974–75 Washington Capitals who went 8–67–5 (8 wins, 67 losses, 5 ties). The 1974–75 Capitals and 1992–93 Ottawa Senators hold the record for fewest wins on the road with one. The NHL played an 80-game season in 1974–75, whereas in 1992–93 the schedule consisted of 84 games, thus giving the Senators the percentage record for worst road record. The Senators also set a record by losing their first 38 consecutive road games (the Senators' road statistics include a neutral site game played in Hamilton, Ontario, in which the Senators were considered the road team).

text: Major League Baseball[edit]

text: Since the early 1960s, the schedule of both leagues of Major League Baseball has been 162 games long, and before that it was 154 games long. With such a schedule, it is practically impossible for a team to finish with a winless season. The sabermetric baseball statistic Wins Above Replacement is calculated on the premise that even a team consisting entirely of replacement-level players is expected to win a baseline minimum number of games (typically 40-50 depending primarily on the caliber of the team's division) per 162 game season.

text: The closest to a perfectly imperfect season in the National League was the infamous 1899 Cleveland Spiders season, who finished with a record of 20-134 after its roster was looted by the owners of the team, who then stacked the best players onto the St. Louis Perfectos.

text: With a win percentage of .130, the Spiders are (as of 2016) the last of three major league teams to have finished a season below the Mendoza line (.200) in win percentage; the others were the 1889 Louisville Colonels (.196), and the 1890 Pittsburgh Alleghenys (.169), whose best players had jumped to the Pittsburgh Burghers of the newly formed Player's League.

text: Since the establishment of the American League in 1901, the teams to have come closest to imperfection are the 1916 Philadelphia Athletics (36–117), the 1935 Boston Braves (38–115), the 1962 New York Mets (40–120) and the 2003 Detroit Tigers (43–119).

text: Australian rules football[edit]

text: VFL/AFL[edit]

text: In the Australian Football League (until 1990 called the Victorian Football League), seasons have ranged from twelve games per team (in 1916, when only four teams competed due to World War I) to 22 games (since 1970, except for 1993 when 20 games were played), with most seasons being of 18 or 22 games duration.

text: VFL/AFL teams with no wins in a season[edit]

text:
Season
Team
Wins
Losses
Draws
Remarks

1897
St Kilda
0
14
0
Did not win a match until Round 1 of 1900

1898
St Kilda
0
17
0

1899
St Kilda
0
17
0
VFL/AFL record low percentage of 23.2 (scored only 323 points and conceded 1,391)

1902
St Kilda
0
17
0
Full forward Charlie Baker won the VFL Leading Goalkicker Medal despite the team being winless

1913
University
0
18
0
Full forward Roy Park won the VFL Leading Goalkicker Medal despite the team being winless

1914
University
0
18
0
Dropped out of competition and folded at the end of the season; reformed in 1919 and have competed in amateur football since

1919
Melbourne
0
16
0
Melbourne's first season in the VFL after being in recess from 1916-1918 due to World War I[8]

1926
North Melbourne
0
17
1

1928
Hawthorn
0
18
0

1931
North Melbourne
0
18
0

1934
North Melbourne
0
18
0

1950
Hawthorn
0
18
0

1964
Fitzroy
0
18
0

text: SANFL[edit]

text: In the South Australian National Football League, season length has varied from twelve games to 22. Since 2015, teams have played 18 games per season.

text:
Season
Team
Wins
Losses
Draws
Remarks

1898
West Adelaide
0
14
0
First season in SAFL.

1906[9]
West Adelaide
0
12
0

1908[10]
Sturt
0
12
0

1909[11]
South Adelaide
0
12
0

1921[12]
Glenelg
0
14
0
First season in SAFL; did not record first win until Round 1 of 1925.

1922[13]
Glenelg
0
14
0

1923[14]
Glenelg
0
14
0

1924[15]
Glenelg
0
14
0

1926[16]
South Adelaide
0
13
1

1933[17]
West Adelaide
0
17
0

1948[18]
South Adelaide
0
17
0

1950[19]
South Adelaide
0
17
0

1964[20]
Central District
0
20
0
First season in SANFL.

1995
Sturt
0
22
0
The first (and to date only) 0-22 season in a major Australian rules football league.

text: WAFL[edit]

text: The West Australian Football League has existed within Western Australia under various monikers since 1885, and until the 1980s was of equivalent standard to the VFL and SANFL. Its season was originally around six to nine games in length, later increasing to 21 games, and from 2018 is 18 .[a][21]

text:
Season
Team
Wins
Losses
Draws
Remarks

1899
Rovers
0
8
0
Folded during season; Perth played the remaining fixtures.

1902
Subiaco
0
15
0

1905
Subiaco
0
10
0
Played fewer games than rival league clubs due to financial difficulties.

1917
Midland Junction
0
12
0
Disbanded at end of season.

1999
Peel
0
20
0

text: VFA/VFL[edit]

text: From the time of the formation of the Victorian Football League in 1896 until it was dissolved in 1995, the VFA was the second-tier club competition in Victoria. Its home-and-away season varied erratically from 12 to 22 games in length.

text:
Season
Team
Wins
Losses
Draws
VFA Division
Remarks

1898
Brunswick
0
15
0
Single

1903
Essendon Town
0
18
0
Single

1904
Preston
0
18
0
Single

1910
Preston
0
18
0
Single

1912
Melbourne City
0
18
0
Single
First season in the VFA.

1913
Melbourne City
0
18
0
Single
Folded at the end of the season.

1941
Sandringham
0
18
0
Single
Conceded then-record score of 43.29 (287).

1951
Box Hill
0
19
1
Single
First season in VFA.

1961
Brighton
0
18
0
Second
Nearly folded at the end of the season before reforming as Brighton-Caulfield.

1973
Box Hill
0
18
0
Second

1977
Box Hill
0
18
0
Second

1981
Sunshine
0
18
0
Second

1983
Waverley
0
18
0
First

1986
Camberwell
0
18
0
First

1986
Mordialloc
0
18
0
Second

1989
Camberwell
0
18
0
Single
Defeated Sunshine in Round 4, but Sunshine dropped out of the VFA and folded after eight games, with their record being expunged.

1990
Camberwell
0
18
0
Single
Dropped out of the VFA and folded before the start of the following season.

1993
Coburg
0
18
0
Single
Lost 29 consecutive matches between 1992–1994.

1995
Williamstown
0
16
0
Single

text: After 1995, the VFA was replaced by the current Victorian Football League (VFL), which serves as a state league and feeder to the AFL.

text:
Season
Team
Wins
Losses
Draws
Remarks

2001
Bendigo
0
20
0

2002
Bendigo
0
19
1

2009
Bendigo
0
18
0

2013
Bendigo
0
18
0

2014
Bendigo
0
18
0
Dropped out of league and folded at the end of the season.

2015
Frankston
0
18
0

text: Rugby league[edit]

text: Great Britain[edit]

text: In the Rugby Football League Championship, teams initially played a variable number of games, with the maximum ranging over time from 26 to 38, and some teams playing as few as fourteen. In more modern times the fixture list has been standardised at 26 games per team.

text: As a result of this fairly lengthy schedule, it has been almost impossible for British rugby league teams to lose all their games, with the only exception being during World War II's so-called "Wartime emergency League" when teams were often able to arrange no more than ten games and some as few as five. The only two winless seasons since normal competition resumed after the war have been in the second and third divisions of the Championship.

text:
Season
Team
Wins
Losses
Draws
Remarks

2006
Oldham
0
18
0
National League One
Finished with a points difference of -724

1991–92
Nottingham City
0
26
0
Third Division
Last season in league
Finished with a points difference of -1159

1989–90
Runcorn Highfield
0
28
0
Second Division
Renamed Highfield for following season; still took five successive wooden spoons before disbanding in 1997

1941–1942
Bramley
0
19
0
Left the league until 1945–1946

1940–1941
Broughton Rangers
0
10
0
"Wartime Emergency Season"
Left the league until 1945–1946 as Belle Vue Rangers before disbanding in 1955.

1940–1941
Leigh
0
13
0
"Wartime Emergency Season"
Did not return until 1946–1947

1906–1907
Liverpool City
0
30
0
Scored only 76 points and conceded almost 1,400.

text: Australia[edit]

text: In Australian rugby league seasons were initially between eight (in the event of Kangaroo tours) and sixteen games long, so that a very bad team could go through a season with only losses. As a result of the expansion of the NSWRL from 1947 onwards, the season has been lengthened gradually with a few intermissions. The following NSWRL teams up to 1966 did not win a single game:

text:
Season
Team
Wins
Losses
Draws
Remarks

1966
Easts
0
18
0
Longest winless season in NSWRL/NRL history. Last season with 18 games: in 1967 the season expanded to 22.
Sequence of 29 winless games from Round 13 of 1965.

1946
Souths
0
14
0
Lost 22 successive games after the death of Alf Blair during the 1944/1945 off-season.

1937
University
0
8
0
Team disbanded after season shortened by Kangaroo tour, having won only one game in three years (13–11 against St. George in the last round of 1936).

1935
University
0
16
0
Lost 42 consecutive games after winning 4–3 in opening game of 1934

1921
University
0
8
0
Kangaroo tour shortened season.
Won only one game in initial season of 1920 for a combined 1–20 record.

1920
Annandale
0
13
0
Disbanded at end of season after having won only one game (8–5 against Norths) in three seasons.

1918
Annandale
0
14
0
Sequence of 27 winless games: won only twice in last four seasons

text: Since 1967, NSWRL and later NRL seasons have been between 22 and 26 games long; thus it is much less likely a very bad team could lose every single one of its games.

text: Rugby union[edit]

text: Super Rugby, the Southern Hemisphere's principal club competition, has seen two teams go through an entire season with no wins or draws. Both seasons were in the competition's past incarnations of Super 12 and Super 14, each name reflecting the number of competing teams.

text: Under both Super 12 (1996–2005) and Super 14 (2006–2010) formats, each team played all other teams once, resulting in seasons of 11 and then 13 games. The competition became Super Rugby with the addition of a 15th team in 2011. The season format was also heavily revamped; the regular season now consists of 16 matches.

text: The Super 12 and Super 14 eras each saw one team finish a season with only losses; both teams with this dubious distinction are from South Africa. In 2002, the Bulls, based in Pretoria, finished with 11 losses from 11 matches. The other imperfect season was that of the Johannesburg-based Lions in the final season of the Super 14 format in 2010, who lost all 13 of their matches, while ending up with a final points difference of negative 300.

text: Cricket[edit]

text: County cricket[edit]

text: In English first-class county cricket, which has a history dating back to the early nineteenth century and was until the middle twentieth century up to the highest standard of the game, seasons have varied in length. Before the 1880s, they were generally less than ten matches in length and some "first-class" counties played only against one or two different opponents, so that a team losing all its games was not uncommon. Between 1887 and 1929, seasons were gradually increased in length to a standard twenty-eight matches for all counties. However, because of the development and popularity of one-day cricket, seasons have been reduced to twenty-four games in 1969 and twenty in 1972, though this was increased by two in 1977 and 1983. With an increase to four days for all games, sixteen or seventeen games have been played since 1993.

text: Also, because of improvements to pitches via the heavy roller and covering to protect from rain, the proportion of games "drawn" (not finished) has steadily risen since the 1870s.

text: Only two county teams have ever finished a season with only losses in a program of eight or more games:

text:
English First-Class County Teams Losing Every Game (qualification 8 or more games)

Season
Team
Wins
Losses
Draws
Remarks

1884
Derbyshire
0
10
0
Won only three games from 1884 to 1887
Lost every game in 1887, but played only six games

1920
Derbyshire
0
17
0
One match, against Nottinghamshire, was abandoned without a ball bowled

text: Teams losing or drawing every game in a first-class county season have been rather less exceptional, though by no means frequent:[22]

text:
Other English First-Class County Teams with No Wins in a Season (qualification 8 or more games)

Season
Team
Wins
Losses
Draws
Remarks

1865
Yorkshire
0
6
2
Were to have an amazing rise due to the discovery of deadly fast bowlers Freeman and Emmett, winning every game in 1867.

1871
Surrey
0
9
4

1877
Sussex
0
7
1

1886
Derbyshire
0
8
1
Was demoted from first-class status between 1888 and 1893

1897
Derbyshire
0
9
7
Lost two games by one wicket to power clubs Lancashire and Yorkshire

1900
Hampshire
0
16
6
Lost star batsman Robert Poore to the Boer War

1901
Derbyshire
0
13
7

1910
Somerset
0
15
3
Lost star bowler Bill Greswell to business in Ceylon.
Two-year record in 1910 and 1911 was one win, 28 losses and five draws

1924
Derbyshire
0
13
11

1928
Worcestershire
0
19
11
Most matches and most losses by any winless county team.
Played 54 county matches without a win between June 1927 and May 1929.

1936
Northamptonshire
0
9
15
Did win one game against Sussex under "one-innings" rules after first two days washed out by rain

1937
Northamptonshire
0
16
8
Lost star batsman Fred Bakewell to a car crash and bowler "Nobby" Clark to loss of form

1938
Northamptonshire
0
17
7
Ninety-nine County Championship matches without a win between 14 May 1935 and 29 May 1939

1967
Nottinghamshire
0
4
24
Only team to be winless without finishing bottom
24 drawn matches is most in county cricket history; four finished games is fewest in a season of more than sixteen games

1979
Glamorgan
0
10
11

1982
Warwickshire
0
8
14
Alvin Kallicharran was leading run-scorer in country, but bowling exceptionally weak with average of over 45 runs per wicket

1996
Durham[23]
0
12
5
Won only one match in any competition (four-day or one) against a first-class opponent

2008
Surrey
0
5
10
First Division[24]

2008
Gloucestershire
0
5
11
Second Division[24]

2009
Worcestershire
0
10
6
First Division[25]

2013
Leicestershire
0
8
8
Second Division[26]

2014
Northamptonshire
0
12
4
First Division[27]

2014
Leicestershire
0
10
6
Second Division. First back-to-back winless seasons by a county since the Second World War.[27]

text: There were no completely winless seasons in the Sunday League limited-overs competition during its history from 1969 to 2009.

text: International first-class cricket[edit]

text: With the exception of the Sheffield Shield since the 1970s, most first-class cricket competitions outside England have either been knock-outs or of such short length that it becomes an everyday occurrence for a team to lose all its games. Some, such as the Ranji Trophy and most seasons of the Quaid-e-Azam Trophy, have indeed been knockout competitions, which typically use first innings lead to decide if a match is unfinished.

text: There have still be some notable winless sequences in non-English first-class cricket:

text:
in the 1981–1982 Quaid-e-Azam Trophy, Karachi lost all nine of its matches[28]
between 1959–1960 and 1986–1987, Jammu and Kashmir played a total of 115 games without a win[29]

text: International one-day and Twenty20 cricket[edit]

text: In the 2012–13 season of the Australian Big Bash League, the Sydney Thunder completed an imperfect season where they lost all their eight games despite possessing the likes of Chris Gayle.

text: Netball[edit]

text: In the ANZ Championship, which formed out of the old Commonwealth Bank Trophy in 2008, seasons have been thirteen games. There has so far been one winless season, by the Central Pulse from Wellington (formed as a combination of the Wellington Shakers and Western Flyers)[30] in the opening 2008 season. They did earn one point when a game was abandoned due to a leaking roof. The Pulse were to win only one game each in 2009[31] and 2010, thus having a record of 2–36 after three seasons.

text: Association football[edit]

text: Only three teams are known to have completed a season with no victories or draws. Antigua Barracuda lost all 26 matches of the 2013 USL Pro, while in the 2015-16 season, English non-league team Longford AFC, played a 30-game season in the Gloucestershire Northern Senior League Division Two (14th tier on the English pyramid), losing all their matches after the majority of their players and manager left. In 2016, Grêmio Barueri lost all 19 matches of the Campeonato Paulista Série A3, the third level of the São Paulo state championship. After the disastrous season, the Antigua and Grêmio Barueri teams folded.

text: In the 2010–11 Ukrainian Second League (3rd tier on the Ukrainian pyramid), FC Veres Rivne lost all 14 out of 22 scheduled games before being expelled from the league due to failure of payment of league dues; in addition, they also did not score a single goal at home.

text: In top-level domestic league football however, few teams have completed their respective seasons without winning a game. In the 2010–11 Serbian SuperLiga, FK Čukarički Stankom played an entire season winless, drawing five matches and losing 25 in a 30-game season, giving them only 5 points and finishing bottom in a field of 16. The team also only scored ten goals whilst conceding 65.

text: In the Bulgarian A Professional Football Group, which is the top tier of association football in the European country, three teams have all played a season without winning, with those being Torpedo Ruse (four draws out of 22 matches during 1951), Rakovski Ruse (one draw out of 30 matches during 1996/97) and Chernomorets Burgas Sofia (also one draw out of 30 matches during 2006/07). Chernomorets were however the worse performing out of these, conceding 131 goals with only eight in reply (the same number scored as Rakovski Ruse in their winless season), they still however completed the season with a minus 2 points total, because they violated a rule concerning not being able to field enough youth players.

text: In the 1946-47 Allsvenskan, the Swedish Football League season of 1946-47 with 22 games played, Billingsfors IK tied 3 games and lost 19, the only team in Swedish football history never to win even one single Allsvenskan game.

text: In the 1999–2000 Vyshcha Liha, the highest division of Ukrainian football championship, FC Zirka Kirovohrad tied 9 matches and lost 21 out of 30.

text: The open high frequency of draws in association football, coupled with the relatively long length of seasons and promotion and relegation system used in a majority of jurisdictions to automatically remove the lowest performing teams from any given league, makes winless seasons less likely to occur.

text: Ice hockey[edit]

text: Winless seasons occurred frequently in the Ukrainian Hockey Championship, the top-level ice hockey league in Ukraine. The longest series belongs to HK Dniprovski Vovky who lost all 30 games in the regulation time in the 2007–08 season. SDYuShOR Sokil, the academy team of HC Sokil Kyiv, had three winless seasons (1999–2000, 2004–05, and 2006–07). Four more teams completed a season without winning a single game: Ivars Kyiv lost all 12 games in 1996–97, Kryzynka II, the second team of HK Kryzynka Kiev (playing in the same league as the main team), tied 1 and lost 13 games out of 14 in 1998-99, HC Khimik Sieverodonetsk lost all 16 games in 2003–04, and VIM-Berkut lost all 10 games in 2009–10.

text: Notes[edit]

text: a In the 1944 under-19 wartime competition that replaced the senior competition between 1942 and that season due to the player drain of World War II, South Fremantle lost all nineteen of their games.