document_title: Demographics of China

question_text: where does most of the population in china live

question_tokens: where does most of the population in china live

text: Demographics of China

text: Population[edit]

text: Historical population[edit]

text: The population of China fluctuated between 30 million and 86 million during the Han dynasty.

text: After the collapse of the Han Dynasty, the population stayed around 50 million until the advent of the Tang Dynasty.

text: Under the Tang Dynasty, the population increased from 45 million to 80 million over the course of 200 years.

text: At the beginning of the Song Dynasty, the population stood at over 100 million.

text: After Ming and earlier period of Qing dynasty founded population moved around 100 million to 150 million for until 1700s.

text: In the period between 1749 and 1851, the population doubled in a century.

text: During 1960-2015, the population doubled to nearly 1.4 billion.[4]

text: Censuses in China[edit]

text: The People's Republic of China conducted censuses in 1953, 1964, 1982, 2000, and 2010. In 1987, the government announced that the fourth national census would take place in 1990 and that there would be one every ten years thereafter. The 1982 census (which reported a total population of 1,008,180,738) is generally accepted as significantly more reliable, accurate, and thorough than the previous two.[citation needed] Various international organizations eagerly assisted the Chinese in conducting the 1982 census, including the United Nations Fund for Population Activities, which donated US$15.6 million for the preparation and execution of the census.[citation needed]

text: China has been the world's most populous nation for many centuries.[citation needed] When China took its first post-1949 census in 1953, the population stood at 583 million; by the fifth census in 2000, the population had more than doubled, reaching 1.2 billion.

text: By the sixth census in 2010, the total population had reached to 1,370,536,875, with the mainland having 1,339,724,852, Hong Kong having 7,097,600, and Macau having 552,300.

text: Population of China by age and sex (demographic pyramid)[edit]

text:
China population pyramid as of 1st National Census day on June 30, 1953

China population pyramid as of 2nd National Census day on July 1, 1964

China population pyramid as of 3rd National Census day on July 1, 1982

China population pyramid as of 4th National Census day on July 1, 1990

China population pyramid as of 5th National Census day on November 1, 2000

China population pyramid as of 6th National Census day on November 1, 2010

China population pyramid as of 2015

text:
Population of China according to province 1953–2010[5]

Province or
autonomous region
census 1953
census 1964
census 1982
census 1990
census 2000
census 2010

Number
%
Number
%
Number
%
Number
%
Number
%
Number
%

Beijing Municipality
3,768,149
1.48
8,568,495
9.09
9,230,687
3.92
11,819,407
0.95
13,820,000
1.09
19,612,368
1.46

Hebei
35,984,644
6.18
49,687,781
6.58
53,005,876
5.26
61,082,439
5.39
67,440,000
5.33
79,854,202
5.36

Tianjin Municipality
2,693,831
0.46
7,764,141
0.77
8,785,402
0.77
10,010,000
0.79
12,938,224
0.97

Shanxi
14,314,485
2.46
18,015,067
2.59
25,291,389
2.51
28,759,014
2.54
32,970,000
2.60
35,712,111
2.67

Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region
6,100,104
1.05
12,348,638
1.78
19,274,279
1.91
21,456,798
1.89
23,760,000
1.88
24,706,321
1.84

Rehe (now defunct)
5,160,822
0.89

Liaoning
18,545,147
3.18
26,946,200
3.88
35,721,693
3.54
39,459,697
3.48
42,380,000
3.35
43,746,323
3.27

Jilin
11,290,073
1.94
15,668,663
2.26
22,560,053
2.24
24,658,721
2.18
27,280,000
2.16
27,462,297
2.05

Heilongjiang
11,897,309
2.04
20,118,271
2.90
32,665,546
3.24
35,214,873
3.11
39,890,000
2.91
38,312,224
2.86

Shanghai Municipality
6,204,417
1.06
10,816,458
1.56
11,859,748
1.18
13,341,896
1.18
16,740,000
1.32
23,019,148
1.72

Jiangsu
41,252,192
7.08
44,504,608
6.41
60,521,114
6.00
67,056,519
5.91
74,380,000
5.88
77,659,903
5.87

Zhejiang
22,865,747
3.92
28,318,573
4.08
38,884,603
3.86
41,445,930
3.66
46,770,000
3.69
54,426,891
4.06

Anhui
30,343,637
5.21
31,241,657
4.50
49,665,724
4.93
56,180,813
4.96
59,860,000
4.73
59,500,510
4.44

Fujian
13,142,721
2.26
16,757,223
2.41
25,931,106
2.57
30,097,274
2.65
34,710,000
2.74
36,894,216
2.75

Jiangxi
16,772,865
2.88
21,068,019
3.03
33,184,827
3.29
37,710,281
3.33
41,400,000
3.27
44,567,475
3.33

Shandong
48,876,548
8.39
55,519,038
7.99
74,419,054
7.38
84,392,827
7.44
90,790,000
7.17
95,793,065
7.15

Henan
44,214,594
7.59
50,325,511
7.25
74,422,739
7.38
85,509,535
7.54
92,560,000
7.31
94,023,567
7.02

Hubei
27,789,693
4.77
33,709,344
4.85
47,804,150
4.74
53,969,210
4.76
60,280,000
4.76
57,237,740
4.27

Hunan
33,226,954
5.70
37,182,286
5.35
54,008,851
5.36
60,659,754
5.35
64,440,000
5.09
65,683,722
4.90

Guangdong
34,770,059
5.97
42,800,849
6.16
59,299,220
5.88
62,829,236
5.54
86,420,000
6.83
104,303,132
7.79

Hainan
7,870,000
0.62
8,671,518
0.65

Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region
19,560,822
3.36
20,845,017
3.00
36,420,960
3.61
42,245,765
3.73
44,890,000
3.55
46,026,629
3.55

Sichuan
62,303,999
10.69
67,956,490
9.78
99,713,310
9.89
107,218,173
9.46
83,290,000
6.58
80,418,200
6.00

Chongqing Municipality
30,900,000
2.44
28,846,170
2.15

Guizhou
15,037,310
2.58
17,140,521
2.47
28,552,997
2.83
32,391,066
2.86
35,250,000
2.78
34,746,468
2.59

Yunnan
17,472,737
3.00
20,509,525
2.95
32,553,817
3.23
36,972,610
3.26
42,880,000
3.39
45,966,239
3.43

Tibet Autonomous Region
1,273,969
0.22
1,251,225
0.18
1,892,393
0.19
2,196,010
0.19
2,620,000
0.21
3,002,166
0.22

Xikang (now defunct)
3,381,064
0.58

Shaanxi
15,881,281
2.73
20,766,915
2.99
28,904,423
2.87
32,882,403
2.90
36,050,000
2.85
37,327,378
2.79

Gansu
12,093,600
2.06
12,630,569
1.82
19,569,261
1.94
22,371,141
1.97
25,620,000
2.02
25,575,254
1.91

Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region
1,506,200
0.26
2,107,500
0.30
3,895,578
0.39
4,655,451
0.41
5,620,000
0.44
6,301,350
0.47

Qinghai
1,676,534
0.29
2,145,604
0.31
3,895,706
0.39
4,456,946
0.39
5,180,000
0.41
5,626,722
0.42

Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region
4,873,608
0.84
7,270,067
1.05
13,081,681
1.30
15,155,778
1.34
19,250,000
1.52
21,813,334
1.63

Military personnel

4,238,210

3,199,100

2,500,000

2,300,000

Population with permanent residence difficult to define

4,649,985

Total mainland China
582,603,417
694,581,759
1,008,175,288
1,133,682,501
1,265,830,000
1,339,724,852

text: In 1982 China conducted its first population census since 1964. It was by far the most thorough and accurate census taken since 1949 and confirmed that China was a nation of more than 1 billion people, or about one-fifth of the world's population. The census provided demographers with a set of data on China's age-sex structure, fertility and mortality rates, and population density and distribution. Information was also gathered on minority ethnic groups, urban population, and marital status. For the first time since the People's Republic of China was founded, demographers had reliable information on the size and composition of the Chinese work force. The nation began preparing for the 1982 census in late 1976. Chinese census workers were sent to the United States and Japan to study modern census-taking techniques and automation. Computers were installed in every provincial-level unit except Tibet and were connected to a central processing system in the Beijing headquarters of the State Statistical Bureau. Pretests and small scale trial runs were conducted and checked for accuracy between 1980 and 1981 in twenty-four provincial-level units. Census stations were opened in rural production brigades and urban neighborhoods. Beginning on 1 July 1982, each household sent a representative to a census station to be enumerated. The census required about a month to complete and employed approximately 5 million census takers.

text: The 1982 census collected data in nineteen demographic categories relating to individuals and households. The thirteen areas concerning individuals were name, relationship to head of household, sex, age, nationality, registration status, educational level, profession, occupation, status of nonworking persons, marital status, number of children born and still living, and number of births in 1981. The six items pertaining to households were type (domestic or collective), serial number, number of persons, number of births in 1981, number of deaths in 1981, and number of registered persons absent for more than one year. Information was gathered in a number of important areas for which previous data were either extremely inaccurate or simply nonexistent, including fertility, marital status, urban population, minority ethnic groups, sex composition, age distribution, and employment and unemployment.

text: A fundamental anomaly in the 1982 statistics was noted by some Western analysts. They pointed out that although the birth and death rates recorded by the census and those recorded through the household registration system were different, the two systems arrived at similar population totals. The discrepancies in the vital rates were the result of the underreporting of both births and deaths to the authorities under the registration system; families would not report some births because of the one-child policy and would not report some deaths so as to hold on to the rations of the deceased.

text: Nevertheless, the 1982 census was a watershed for both Chinese and world demographics. After an eighteen-year gap, population specialists were given a wealth of reliable, up-to-date figures on which to reconstruct past demographic patterns, measure current population conditions, and predict future population trends. For example, Chinese and foreign demographers used the 1982 census age-sex structure as the base population for forecasting and making assumptions about future fertility trends. The data on age-specific fertility and mortality rates provided the necessary base-line information for making population projections. The census data also were useful for estimating future manpower potential, consumer needs, and utility, energy, and health-service requirements. The sudden abundance of demographic data helped population specialists immeasurably in their efforts to estimate world population. Previously, there had been no accurate information on these 21% of the Earth's inhabitants. Demographers who had been conducting research on global population without accurate data on the Chinese fifth of the world's population were particularly thankful for the 1982 breakthrough census.

text: Population control[edit]

text: Initially, China's post-1949 leaders were ideologically disposed to view a large population as an asset. But the liabilities of a large, rapidly growing population soon became apparent. For one year, starting in August 1956, vigorous support was given to the Ministry of Public Health's mass birth control efforts. These efforts, however, had little impact on fertility. After the interval of the Great Leap Forward, Chinese leaders again saw rapid population growth as an obstacle to development, and their interest in birth control revived. In the early 1960s, schemes somewhat more muted than during the first campaign, emphasized the virtues of late marriage. Birth control offices were set up in the central government and some provincial-level governments in 1964. The second campaign was particularly successful in the cities, where the birth rate was cut in half during the 1963–66 period. The upheaval of the Cultural Revolution brought the program to a halt, however.

text: In 1972 and 1973 the party mobilized its resources for a nationwide birth control campaign administered by a group in the State Council. Committees to oversee birth control activities were established at all administrative levels and in various collective enterprises. This extensive and seemingly effective network covered both the rural and the urban population. In urban areas public security headquarters included population control sections. In rural areas the country's "barefoot doctors" distributed information and contraceptives to people's commune members. By 1973 Mao Zedong was personally identified with the family planning movement, signifying a greater leadership commitment to controlled population growth than ever before. Yet until several years after Mao's death in 1976, the leadership was reluctant to put forth directly the rationale that population control was necessary for economic growth and improved living standards.

text: Population growth targets were set for both administrative units and individual families. In the mid-1970s the maximum recommended family size was two children in cities and three or four in the country. Since 1979 the government has advocated a one-child limit for both rural and urban areas and has generally set a maximum of two children in special circumstances. As of 1986 the policy for minority nationalities was two children per couple, three in special circumstances, and no limit for ethnic groups with very small populations. The overall goal of the one-child policy was to keep the total population within 1.2 billion through the year 2000, on the premise that the Four Modernizations program would be of little value if population growth was not brought under control.

text: The one-child policy was a highly ambitious population control program. Like previous programs of the 1960s and 1970s, the one-child policy employed a combination of public education, social pressure, and in some cases coercion. The one-child policy was unique, however, in that it linked reproduction with economic cost or benefit.

text: Under the one-child program, a sophisticated system rewarded those who observed the policy and penalized those who did not. Through this policy, the increasing population got temperate after the penalties were made. Couples with only one child were given a "one-child certificate" entitling them to such benefits as cash bonuses, longer maternity leave, better child care, and preferential housing assignments. In return, they were required to pledge that they would not have more children. In the countryside, there was great pressure to adhere to the one-child limit. Because the rural population accounted for approximately 60% of the total, the effectiveness of the one-child policy in rural areas was considered the key to the success or failure of the program as a whole.

text: In rural areas the day-to-day work of family planning was done by cadres at the team and brigade levels who were responsible for women's affairs and by health workers. The women's team leader made regular household visits to keep track of the status of each family under her jurisdiction and collected information on which women were using contraceptives, the methods used, and which had become pregnant. She then reported to the brigade women's leader, who documented the information and took it to a monthly meeting of the commune birth-planning committee. According to reports, ceilings or quotas had to be adhered to; to satisfy these cutoffs, unmarried young people were persuaded to postpone marriage, couples without children were advised to "wait their turn," women with unauthorized pregnancies were pressured to have abortions, and those who already had children were urged to use contraception or undergo sterilization. Couples with more than one child were exhorted to be sterilized.

text: The one-child policy enjoyed much greater success in urban than in rural areas. Even without state intervention, there were compelling reasons for urban couples to limit the family to a single child. Raising a child required a significant portion of family income, and in the cities a child did not become an economic asset until he or she entered the work force at age sixteen. Couples with only one child were given preferential treatment in housing allocation. In addition, because city dwellers who were employed in state enterprises received pensions after retirement, the sex of their first child was less important to them than it was to those in rural areas.

text: Numerous reports surfaced of coercive measures used to achieve the desired results of the one-child policy. The alleged methods ranged from intense psychological pressure to the use of physical force, including some grisly accounts of forced abortions and infanticide. Chinese officials admitted that isolated, uncondoned abuses of the program occurred and that they condemned such acts, but they insisted that the family planning program was administered on a voluntary basis using persuasion and economic measures only. International reaction to the allegations were mixed. The UN Fund for Population Activities and the International Planned Parenthood Federation were generally supportive of China's family planning program. The United States Agency for International Development, however, withdrew US$10 million from the Fund in March 1985 based on allegations that coercion had been used.

text: Observers suggested that an accurate assessment of the one-child program would not be possible until all women who came of childbearing age in the early 1980s passed their fertile years. As of 1987 the one-child program had achieved mixed results. In general, it was very successful in almost all urban areas but less successful in rural areas.

text: Rapid fertility reduction associated with the one-child policy has potentially negative results. For instance, in the future the elderly might not be able to rely on their children to care for them as they have in the past, leaving the state to assume the expense, which could be considerable. Based on United Nations and Chinese government statistics, it was estimated in 1987 that by the year 2000 the population 60 years and older (the retirement age is 60 in urban areas) would number 127 million, or 10.1% of the total population; the projection for 2025 was 234 million elderly, or 16.4%. According to projections based on the 1982 census, if the one-child policy were maintained to the year 2000, 25% of China's population would be age 65 or older by the year 2040. In 2050, the number of people over 60 is expected to increase to 430 million. [6]

text: Population density and distribution[edit]

text: China is the most populated country in the world and its national population density (137/km2) is similar to those of Switzerland and the Czech Republic. The overall population density of China conceals major regional variations, the western and northern part have a few million people, while eastern half has about 1.3 billion. The vast majority of China's population lives near the east in major cities.

text: In the 11 provinces, special municipalities, and autonomous regions along the southeast coast, population density was 320.6 people per km2.

text: Broadly speaking, the population was concentrated east of the mountains and south of the northern steppe. The most densely populated areas included the Yangtze River Valley (of which the delta region was the most populous), Sichuan Basin, North China Plain, Pearl River Delta, and the industrial area around the city of Shenyang in the northeast.

text: Population is most sparse in the mountainous, desert, and grassland regions of the northwest and southwest. In Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, portions are completely uninhabited, and only a few sections have populations denser than ten people per km2. The Inner Mongolia, Xinjiang, and Tibet autonomous regions and Qinghai and Gansu comprise 55% of the country's land area but in 1985 contained only 5.7% of its population.

text:
A 2010 population density map of the territories governed by the PRC and the ROC. The eastern, coastal provinces are much more densely populated than the western interior because of the historical access to water.

Area (km2)
Population
Density

China
9,650,000 (100%)
1,300,000,000 (100%)
134.7/km2

5 provinces
5,246,400 (54.45%)
79,533,000 (6.12%)
15.16/km2

Inner Mongolia
1,183,000 (12.28% )
24,051,000

Xinjiang
1,660,000 (17.23%)
20,952,000

Tibet
1,228,400 (12.75%)
2,842,000

Qinghai
721,000 (7.48%)
5,516,000

Gansu
454,000 (4.71%)
26,172,000

China proper
4,403,605 (45.55%)
1,221,000,000 (93.89%)
277.27/km2

Source: National Bureau of Statistics

text: Future challenges for China will be the gender disparity. According to the 2010 census, males account for 51.27% of China's 1.34 billion people, while females made up 48.73% of the total. The sex ratio (the number of males for each female in a population) at birth was 118.06 boys to every 100 girls (54.14%) in 2010, higher than the 116.86 (53.89%) of 2000, but 0.53 points lower than the ratio of 118.59 (54.25%) in 2005.[7] In most western countries the sex ratio at birth is around 105 boys to 100 girls (51.22%). At the moment there are about 9 million more boys than girls in China.

text: Population projection[edit]

text:
2020: 1.42 billion[8]
2030: 1.44 billion
2040: 1.42 billion
2050: 1.36 billion
2075: 1.17 billion
2100: 1.02 billion

text: Vital statistics[edit]

text: Table of births and deaths 1950–2017[edit]

text: China's fertility statistics differ depending on the source. According to the Ministry of Health and Family Planning November 2015 announcement, China's 2015 TFR was somewhere between 1.5 and 1.6. The latest data from the National Bureau of Statistics (NBS) seems to contradict this, stating China's TFR for 2015 was 1,05. Although there is a natural margin of error since the NBS surveys only a thin cross-section of Chinese society, approximately 1% of the total population.[9]

text:
[show]
Average population (x 1000)
Live births1
Deaths1
Natural change1
Crude birth rate (per 1000)
Crude death rate (per 1000)
Natural change (per 1000)
Total Fertility Rate

1950
546,815
20,232,000
9,843,000
10,389,000
37.0
18.0
19.0

1951
557,480
21,073,000
9,923,000
11,150,000
37.8
17.8
20.0

1952
568,910
21,050,000
9,671,000
11,379,000
37.0
17.0
20.0

1953
581,390
21,511,000
8,139,000
13,372,000
37.0
14.0
23.0

1954
595,310
22,604,000
7,846,000
14,758,000
37.97
13.18
24.79

1955
608,655
19,842,000
7,474,000
12,368,000
32.60
12.28
20.32

1956
621,465
19,825,000
7,085,000
12,740,000
31.90
11.40
20.50

1957
637,405
21,691,000
6,884,000
14,807,000
34.03
10.80
23.23

1958
653,235
19,088,000
7,826,000
11,262,000
29.22
11.98
17.24

1959
666,005
16,504,000
9,717,000
6,787,000
24.78
14.59
10.19

1960
667,070
13,915,000
16,964,000
−3 049 000
20.86
25.43
−4.57

1961
660,330
11,899,000
9,403,000
2,496,000
18.02
14.24
3.78

1962
665,770
24,640,000
6,671,000
17,969,000
37.01
10.02
26.99

1963
682,335
29,593,000
6,851,000
22,742,000
43.37
10.04
33.33

1964
698,355
27,334,000
8,031,000
19,303,000
39.14
11.50
27.64

1965
715,185
27,091,000
6,794,000
20,297,000
37.88
9.50
28.38

1966
735,400
25,776,000
6,494,000
19,282,000
35.05
8.83
26.22

1967
754,550
25,625,000
6,361,000
19,264,000
33.96
8.43
25.53

1968
774,510
27,565,000
6,359,000
21,206,000
35.59
8.21
27.38

1969
796,025
27,152,000
6,392,000
20,760,000
34.11
8.03
26.08

1970
818,315
27,356,000
6,219,000
21,137,000
33.43
7.60
25.83

1971
841,105
25,780,000
6,157,000
19,623,000
30.65
7.32
23.33

1972
862,030
25,663,000
6,560,000
19,103,000
29.77
7.61
22.16

1973
881,940
24,633,000
6,209,000
18,424,000
27.93
7.04
20.89

1974
900,350
22,347,000
6,609,000
15,738,000
24.82
7.34
17.48

1975
916,395
21,086,000
6,708,000
14,378,000
23.01
7.32
15.69

1976
930,685
18,530,000
6,747,000
11,783,000
19.91
7.25
12.66

1977
943,455
17,860,000
6,482,000
11,378,000
18.93
6.87
12.06

1978
956,165
17,450,000
5,976,000
11,474,000
18.25
6.25
12.00

1979
969,005
17,268,000
6,018,000
11,250,000
17.82
6.21
11.61

1980
981,235
17,868,000
6,221,000
11,647,000
18.21
6.34
11.87

1981
993,885
20,782,000
6,321,000
14,461,000
20.91
6.36
14.55

1982
1,008,065
21,260,000
6,653,000
14,607,000
22.28
6.60
15.68

1983
1,020,180
18,996,000
7,223,000
11,773,000
20.19
6.90
13.29

1984
1,034,750
18,022,000
6,890,000
11,132,000
19.90
6.82
13.08

1985
1,045,320
21,994,000
7,087,000
14,907,000
21.04
6.78
14.26

1986
1,066,790
23,928,000
7,318,000
16,610,000
22.43
6.86
15.57

1987
1,084,035
25,291,000
7,285,000
18,006,000
23.33
6.72
16.61

1988
1,101,630
24,643,000
7,315,000
17,328,000
22.37
6.64
15.73

1989
1,118,650
24,140,000
7,316,000
16,824,000
21.58
6.54
15.04

1990
1,135,185
23,910,000
7,570,000
16,340,000
21.06
6.67
14.39

1991
1,150,780
22,650,000
7,710,000
14,940,000
19.68
6.70
12.98

1992
1,164,970
21,250,000
7,740,000
13,510,000
18.24
6.64
11.60

1993
1,178,440
21,320,000
7,820,000
13,500,000
18.09
6.64
11.46

1994
1,191,835
21,100,000
7,740,000
13,360,000
17.70
6.49
11.21

1995
1,204,855
20,630,000
7,920,000
12,710,000
17.12
6.57
10.55

1996
1,217,550
20,670,000
7,990,000
12,680,000
16.98
6.56
10.41

1997
1,230,075
20,380,000
8,010,000
12,370,000
16.57
6.51
10.06

1998
1,241,935
19,420,000
8,070,000
11,350,000
15.64
6.50
9.14

1999
1,252,735
18,340,000
8,090,000
10,250,000
14.64
6.46
8.18

2000
1,262,645
17,710,000
8,140,000
9,570,000
14.03
6.45
7.58
1.22

2001
1,271,850
17,020,000
8,180,000
8,840,000
13.38
6.43
6.95

2002
1,280,400
16,470,000
8,210,000
8,260,000
12.86
6.41
6.45

2003
1,288,400
15,990,000
8,250,000
7,740,000
12.41
6.40
6.01

2004
1,296,075
15,930,000
8,320,000
7,610,000
12.29
6.42
5.87

2005
1,303,720
16,170,000
8,490,000
7,680,000
12.40
6.51
5.89
1.33

2006
1,311,020
15,840,000
8,920,000
6,920,000
12.09
6.81
5.28

2007
1,317,885
15,940,000
9,130,000
6,810,000
12.10
6.93
5.17

2008
1,324,655
16,080,000
9,350,000
6,730,000
12.14
7.06
5.08

2009
1,331,380
16,150,000
9,430,000
6,720,000
11.95
7.08
4.87

2010
1,337,825
15,920,000
9,510,000
6,410,000
11.90
7.11
4.79
1.18

2011
1,344,130
16,040,000
9,600,000
6,440,000
11.93
7.14
4.79

2012
1,353,821
16,350,000
9,660,000
6,690,000
12.07
7.14
4.93

2013
1,360,720
16,400,000
9,720,000
6,680,000
12.08
7.16
4.92

2014
1,367,820
16,870,000
9,770,000
7,100,000
12.37
7.16
5.21

2015[11]
1,374,620
16,550,000
9,750,000
6,800,000
12.07
7.11
4.96
1.54 [12]

2016
1,382,710
17,860,000
9,770,000
8,090,000
12.95
7.09
5.86
1.60 [12]

2017[13]
1,390,080
17,230,000
9,860,000
7,370,000
12.43
7.11
5.32

text: Fertility and mortality[edit]

text: In 1949 crude death rates were probably higher than 30 per 1,000, and the average life expectancy was only 35 years. Beginning in the early 1950s, mortality steadily declined; it continued to decline through 1978 and remained relatively constant through 1987. One major fluctuation was reported in a computer reconstruction of China's population trends from 1953 to 1987 produced by the United States Bureau of the Census. The computer model showed that the crude death rate increased dramatically during the famine years associated with the Great Leap Forward (1958–60).

text: According to Chinese government statistics, the crude birth rate followed five distinct patterns from 1949 to 1982. It remained stable from 1949 to 1954, varied widely from 1955 to 1965, experienced fluctuations between 1966 and 1969, dropped sharply in the late 1970s, and increased from 1980 to 1981. Between 1970 and 1980, the crude birth rate dropped from 33.4 per 1,000 to 18.2 per 1,000. The government attributed this dramatic decline in fertility to the wǎn xī shǎo ("晚、稀、少", or "late, long, few": later marriages, longer intervals between births, and fewer children) birth control campaign. However, elements of socioeconomic change, such as increased employment of women in both urban and rural areas and reduced infant mortality (a greater percentage of surviving children would tend to reduce demand for additional children), may have played some role. The birth rate increased in the 1980s to a level over 20 per 1,000, primarily as a result of a marked rise in marriages and first births. The rise was an indication of problems with the one-child policy of 1979. Chinese sources, however, indicate that the birth rate started to decrease again in the 1990s and reached a level of around 12 per 1,000 in recent years.

text: In urban areas, the housing shortage may have been at least partly responsible for the decreased birth rate. Also, the policy in force during most of the 1960s and the early 1970s of sending large numbers of high school graduates to the countryside deprived cities of a significant proportion of persons of childbearing age and undoubtedly had some effect on birth rates (see Cultural Revolution (1966–76)). Primarily for economic reasons, rural birth rates tended to decline less than urban rates. The right to grow and sell agricultural products for personal profit and the lack of an old-age Welfare system were incentives for rural people to produce many children, especially sons, for help in the fields and for support in old age. Because of these conditions, it is unclear to what degree education had been able to erode traditional values favoring large families.

text: Today, the population continues to grow. There is also a serious gender imbalance. Census data obtained in 2000 revealed that 119 boys were born for every 100 girls, and among China's "floating population" the ratio was as high as 128:100. These situations led the government in July 2004 to ban selective abortions of female fetuses. It is estimated that this imbalance will rise until 2025–2030 to reach 20% then slowly decrease.[14]

text: China now has an increasingly aging population; it is projected that 11.8% of the population in 2020 will be 65 years of age and older. Health care has improved dramatically in China since 1949. Major diseases such as cholera, typhoid, and scarlet fever have been brought under control. Life expectancy has more than doubled, and infant mortality has dropped significantly. On the negative side, the incidence of cancer, cerebrovascular disease, and heart disease has increased to the extent that these have become the leading causes of death. Economic reforms initiated in the late 1970s fundamentally altered methods of providing health care; the collective medical care system has been gradually replaced by a more individual-oriented approach.

text: In Hong Kong, the birth rate of 0.9% is lower than its death rate. Hong Kong's population increases because of immigration from the mainland and a large expatriate population comprising about 4%. Like Hong Kong, Macau also has a low birth rate relying on immigration to maintain its population.

text: Total fertility rate[edit]

text: According to the 2000 census, the TFR was 1.22 (0.86 for cities, 1.08 for towns and 1.43 for villages/outposts). Beijing had the lowest TFR at 0.67, while Guizhou had the highest at 2.19. The Xiangyang district of Jiamusi city (Heilongjiang) has a TFR of 0.41, which is the lowest TFR recorded anywhere in the world in recorded history. Other extremely low TFR counties are: 0.43 in the Heping district of Tianjin city (Tianjin), and 0.46 in the Mawei district of Fuzhou city (Fujian). At the other end TFR was 3.96 in Geji County (Tibet), 4.07 in Jiali County (Tibet), and 5.47 in Baqing County (Tibet).[15]

text: The 2010 census reported a TFR of 1.18 (0.88 in cities, 1.15 in townships, and 1.44 in rural areas).[16] The five regions with the lowest fertility rates were Beijing (0.71), Shanghai (0.74), Liaoning (0.74), Heilongjiang (0.75), and Jilin (0.76). The five regions with the highest fertility rates were Guangxi (1.79), Guizhou (1.75), Xinjiang (1.53), Hainan (1.51), and Anhui (1.48).[16]

text: Total fertility rate by ethnic group (2010 census): Han (1.14), Zhuang (1.59), Hui (1.48), Manchu (1.18), Uyghur (2.04), Miao (1.82), Yi (1.82), Tujia (1.74), Tibetan (1.60), Mongols (1.26).[17]

text: Labor force[edit]

text: In 2012, for the first time, according to statistics released by China's National Bureau of Statistics in January 2013, the number of people theoretically able to enter the Chinese labor force (individuals aged 15 to 59), shrank slightly to 937.27 million people, a decrease of 3.45 million from 2011. This trend, resulting from China's demographic transition, is anticipated to continue for at least the next 20 years, to 2030.[18] The CIA World Fact Book estimates the 2012 actual active labor force to amount to 798.5 million.[19]

text: Height and weight[edit]

text: As of 2012, the average Chinese man was 167.1 centimeters tall (5 ft 5.8 in) in 2012, the figures showed, and women's average height was 155.8 centimeters (5 ft 1.3 in). The same study showed an average Chinese man weighed 66.2 kilograms (145.9 lbs, or 10 stone 5.9 lbs), up 3.5 kilograms (7.7 lbs) over 10 years, while women were 2.9 kilograms (6.4 pounds) heavier on average at 57.3 kilograms (126.3 pounds, or 9 stone 0.3 lbs). They were up just 0.4 centimeters (0.16 in) and 0.7 centimeters (0.28 in) respectively from 10 years earlier.[20]

text: Ethnic groups[edit]

text: The People's Republic of China (PRC) officially recognizes 56 distinct ethnic groups, the largest of which are Han, who constitute 91.51% of the total population in 2010. Ethnic minorities constitute 8.49% or 113.8 million of China's population in 2010. During the past decades ethnic minorities have experienced higher growth rates than the majority Han population, because they are not under the one-child policy. Their proportion of the population in China has grown from 6.1% in 1953, to 8.04% in 1990, 8.41% in 2000, and 8.49% in 2010. Large ethnic minorities (data according to the 2000 census) include the Zhuang (16 million, 1.28%), Manchu (10 million, 0.84%), Uyghur (9 million, 0.78%), Hui (9 million, 0.71%), Miao (8 million, 0.71%), Yi (7 million, 0.61%), Tujia (5.75 million, 0.63%), Mongols (5 million, 0.46%), Tibetan (5 million, 0.43%), Buyi (3 million, 0.23%), and Korean (2 million, 0.15%).

text:
Population of China according to ethnic group in censuses 1953–2010[5]

Ethnic group
Language family
1953
%
1964
%
1982
%
1990
%
2000
%
2010[21]
%

Han
Chinese
547,283,057
93.94
651,296,368
94.22
936,703,824
93.30
1,039,187,548
91.92
1,137,386,112
91.53
1,220,844,520
91.60

Minority groups

35,320,360
6.06
39,883,909
5.78
67,233,254
6.67
90,570,743
8.01
105,225,173
8.47
111,966,349
8.40

Zhuang
Tai-Kadai
6,611,455
1.13
8,386,140
1.21
13,441,900
1.32
15,555,820
1.38
16,178,811
1.28
16,926,381
1.27

Hui
Chinese
3,559,350
0.61
4,473,147
0.64
7,207,780
0.71
8,612,001
0.76
9,816,802
0.78
10,586,087
0.79

Manchu
Tungusic
2,418,931
0.42
2,695,675
0.39
4,299,950
0.43
9,846,776
0.87
10,682,263
0.84
10,387,958
0.78

Uyghurs
Turkic
3,640,125
0.62
3,996,311
0.58
5,917,030
0.59
7,207,024
0.64
8,399,393
0.66
10,069,346
0.76

Miao
Miao-Yao / Hmong-Mien
2,511,339
0.43
2,782,088
0.40
5,017,260
0.50
7,383,622
0.65
8,940,116
0.71
9,426,007
0.71

Yi
Tibeto-Burman
3,254,269
0.56
3,380,960
0.49
5,492,330
0.54
6,578,524
0.58
7,762,286
0.61
8,714,393
0.65

Tujia
Tibeto-Burman

284,900
0.03
5,725,049
0.51
8,028,133
0.63
8,353,912
0.63

Tibetans
Tibeto-Burman
2,775,622
0.48
2,501,174
0.36
3,821,950
0.38
4,593,072
0.41
5,416,021
0.43
6,282,187
0.47

Mongols
Mongolic
1,462,956
0.25
1,965,766
0.28
3,402,200
0.34
4,802,407
0.42
5,813,947
0.46
5,981,840
0.45

Buyei
Tai-Kadai
1,247,883
0.21
1,348,055
0.19
2,103,150
0.21
2,548,294
0.22
2,971,460
0.23
2,870,034
0.22

Korean
Korean
1,120,405
0.19
1,339,569
0.19
1,783,150
0.18
1,923,361
0.17
1,923,842
0.15
1,830,929
0.14

Dong
Tai-Kadai
712802

836123

1,446,190
0.14
2,508,624
0.22
2,960,293
0.24
2,879,974
0.22

Yao
Miao-Yao / Hmong-Mien
665933

857265

1,414,870
0.14
2,137,033
0.19
2,637,421
0.21
2,796,003
0.21

Bai
Sino-Tibetan
567119

706623

1,147,360
0.11
1,598,052
0.14
1,858,063
0.15
1,933,510
0.15

Hani
Tibeto-Burman
481220

628727

1,063,300
0.11
1,254,800
0.11
1,439,673
0.12
1,660,932
0.12

Kazakh
Turkic
509375

491637

878,570
0.09
1,110,758
0.10
1,250,458
0.10
1,462,588
0.11

Li
Tai-Kadai
360950

438813

882,030
0.09
1,112,498
0.10
1,247,814
0.10
1,463,064
0.11

Dai
Tai-Kadai
478966

535389

864,340
0.09
1,025,402
0.09
1,158,989
0.09
1,261,311
0.09

She
Miao-Yao / Hmong-Mien

234167

379,080
0.04
634,700
0.06
709,592
0.06
708,651
0.05

Lisu
Tibeto-Burman
317465

270628

466,760
0.05
574,589
0.05
634,912
0.05
702,839
0.05

Gelao
Tai-Kadai

26852

59,810
0.01
438,192
0.04
579,357
0.05
550,746
0.04

Dongxiang
Mongolic
155761

147443

279523
–
373,669
0.03
513,805
0.04
621,500
0.05

Gaoshan
Austronesian
329

366

1,750
0.00
2,877
0.00
4,461
0.00
4,009
0.00

Lahu
Tibeto-Burman
139060

191241

320,350
0.03
411,545
0.04
453,705
0.04
485,966
0.04

Sui
Tai-Kadai
133566

156099

300,690
0.03
347,116
0.03
406,902
0.03
411,847
0.03

Va
Mon-Khmer
286158

200272

271,050
0.03
351,980
0.03
396,610
0.03
429,709
0.03

Nakhi
Tibeto-Burman
143453

156796

248,650
0.02
277,750
0.02
308,839
0.02
326,295
0.02

Qiang
Tibeto-Burman
35660

49105

109,760
0.01
198,303
0.02
306,072
0.02
309,576
0.02

Tu
Mongolic
53277

77349

148,760
0.01
192,568
0.02
241,198
0.02
289,565
0.02

Mulao
Tai-Kadai

52819

91,790
0.01
160,648
0.01
207,352
0.02
216,257
0.02

Xibe
Tungusic
19022

33438

77,560
0.01
172,932
0.02
188,824
0.02
190,481
0.01

Kyrgyz
Turkic
70944

70151

108,790
0.01
143,537
0.01
160,823
0.01
186,708
0.01

Daur
Mongolic

63394

94126
–
121,463
0.01
132,143
0.01
131,992
0.01

Jingpo
Tibeto-Burman
101852

57762

100,180
0.01
119,276
0.01
132,143
0.01
147,828
0.01

Maonan
Tai-Kadai

22382

37,450
0.00
72,370
0.01
107,106
0.01
101,192
0.01

Salar
Turkic
30658

69135

68,030
0.01
82,398
0.01
104,503
0.01
130,607
0.01

Blang
Mon-Khmer

39411

58473
–
87,546
0.01
91,882
0.01
119,639
0.01

Tajik
Indo-European (Iranian)
14462

16236

27,430
0.00
33,223
0.00
41,028
0.00
51,069
0.00

Achang
Tibeto-Burman

12032

31,490
0.00
27,718
0.00
33,936
0.00
39,555
0.00

Pumi
Tibeto-Burman

14298

18,860
0.00
29,721
0.00
33,600
0.00
42,861
0.00

Ewenki
Tungusic
4957

9681

19,440
0.00
26,379
0.00
30,505
0.00
30,875
0.00

Nu
Tibeto-Burman

15047

25,980
0.00
27,190
0.00
28,759
0.00
37,523
0.00

Gin (Vietnamese)
Mon-Khmer

12,140
0.00
18,749
0.00
22,517
0.00
28,199
0.00

Jino
Tibeto-Burman

11,260
0.00
18,022
0.00
20,899
0.00
23,143
0.00

De'ang
Mon-Khmer

–
–
15,461
0.00
17,935
0.00
20,556
0.00

Bonan
Mongolic
4957

5125

6,620
0.00
11,683
0.00
16,505
0.00
20,074
0.00

Russian
Indo-European (Slavic)
22656

1326

2,830
0.00
13,500
0.00
15,609
0.00
15,393
0.00

Yugur
Turkic
3861

5717

7,670
0.00
12,293
0.00
13,719
0.00
14,378
0.00

Uzbek
Turkic
13626

7717

13,810
0.00
14,763
0.00
13,370
0.00
10,569
0.00

Monba
Tibeto-Burman

3809

1,040
0.00
7,498
0.00
8,923
0.00
10,561
0.00

Oroqen
Tungusic
2262

2709

2,280
0.00
7,004
0.00
8,196
0.00
8,659
0.00

Derung
Tibeto-Burman

4,250
0.00
5,825
0.00
7,426
0.00
6,930
0.00

Chinese Tatars
Turkic
6929

2294

7,510
0.00
5,064
0.00
4,890
0.00
3,556
0.00

Hezhen
Tungusic

718

670
0.00
4,254
0.00
4,640
0.00
5,354
0.00

Lhoba
Tibeto-Burman

1,030
0.00
2,322
0.00
2,965
0.00
3,682
0.00

Unrecognized

3,370,880
0.33
3,498
0.00
734,379
0.06
640,101
0.05

Unknown

4,720
0.00
752,347
0.07
735,379
0.06
–
–

Foreigners

–
–
–
–
941
0.00
1,448
0.00

Total mainland China
582,603,417
694,581,759
1,008,175,288
1,133,682,501
1,242,612,226
1,332,810,869

text: Neither Hong Kong nor Macau recognizes the official ethnic classifications maintained by the central government. In Macau, the largest substantial ethnic groups of non-Chinese descent are the Macanese, of mixed Chinese and Portuguese descent (Eurasians), as well as migrants from the Philippines and Thailand. Overseas Filipinas working as domestic workers comprise the largest non-Han Chinese ethnic group in Hong Kong.

text: People from other immigration jurisdictions[edit]

text: The 2010 Census counted 234,829 residents from Hong Kong, 21,201 residents from Macao, 170,283 residents from Taiwan, and 593,832 residents from other locations, totaling 1,020,145 residents.[22]

text:
Nationality
Residents

South Korea
120,750

United States
71,493

Japan
66,159

Burma
39,776

Vietnam
36,205

Canada
19,990

France
15,087

India
15,051

Germany
14,446

Australia
13,286

Other countries
181,589

TOTAL
593,832

text: Languages[edit]

text: The official spoken standard in the People's Republic of China is Standard Chinese, also known as Putonghua. Its pronunciation is based on the Beijing dialect of the Mandarin Chinese dialect group, which was traditionally the formal version the Chinese language.[23]

text: Other languages include other varieties of Chinese: Mandarin dialects, as well as Wu (Shanghainese), Yue (Cantonese), Eastern Min (Fuzhou), Southern Min (Hokkien or Taiwanese and Teochiu), Xiang, Gan and Hakka; there are also minority languages spoken in China.

text: Over 70% of the Han ethnic group are native speakers of the Mandarin group of dialects spoken in northern and southwestern China. The rest, concentrated in south and southeast China, speak one of the six other major Chinese varieties. In addition to their own local dialect, nearly all Chinese also speak Standard Mandarin (Putonghua), which is the language of instruction in all schools and is used for formal and official purposes.

text: Non-Chinese languages spoken widely by ethnic minorities include Mongolian, Tibetan, Uyghur language and other Turkic languages (in Xinjiang), Korean (in the northeast), and Vietnamese (in the southeast).

text: In addition to Chinese, in the special administrative regions, English is an official language of Hong Kong and Portuguese is an official language of Macau. Patuá is a Portuguese creole spoken by a small number of Macanese. English, though not official, is widely used in Macau. In both of the special administrative regions, the dominant spoken form of Chinese is Cantonese.

text: For written Chinese, the PRC officially uses simplified Chinese characters in mainland China, while traditional Chinese characters are used in Hong Kong and Macau.

text: The de facto spoken standard in Hong Kong and Macao is Cantonese, although officially it is just the Chinese language, not specifying which spoken form is standard. The written official standard in Hong Kong and Macao is Mandarin in traditional Chinese characters.

text: On 1 January 1979, the PRC Government officially adopted the hanyu pinyin system for spelling Chinese names and places in mainland China in Roman letters. A system of romanization invented by the Chinese, pinyin has long been widely used in mainland China on street and commercial signs as well as in elementary Chinese textbooks as an aid in learning Chinese characters. Variations of pinyin also are used as the written forms of several minority languages.

text: Pinyin replaced other conventional spellings in mainland China's English-language publications. The U.S. Government and United Nations also adopted the pinyin system for all names of people and places in mainland China. For example, the capital of the PRC is spelled "Beijing" rather than "Peking".

text: Religions[edit]

text: China has long been a cradle and host to a variety of the most enduring religio-philosophical traditions of the world. Confucianism and Taoism, plus Buddhism, constitute the "three teachings", philosophical frameworks which historically have had a significant role in shaping Chinese culture.[26][27] Elements of these three belief systems are often incorporated into the traditional folk religions.[28] Chinese religions are family-oriented and do not demand exclusive adherence, allowing the practice or belief of several at the same time. Some scholars prefer not to use the term "religion" in reference to belief systems in China, and suggest "cultural practices", "thought systems" or "philosophies" as more appropriate terms.[29] There is a stimulating debate over what to call religion and who should be called religious in China.[30] The emperors of China claimed the Mandate of Heaven and participated in Chinese religious practices. Since 1949, China has been governed by the Communist Party of China, which, in theory, is as an officially atheist institution and prohibits party members from belonging to a religion.[31] During Mao Zedong's rule, religious movements were oppressed.[32] Under more recent leaders, religious organisations have been given more autonomy.[33] Presently, the Party formally and institutionally recognises five religions in China: Buddhism, Taoism, Islam, Protestantism, and Catholicism (though despite historic links, the Party enforces a separation of the Chinese Catholic Church from the Roman Catholic Church).[34]

text: Demographically, the largest group of religious traditions is the Chinese folk religion, which overlaps with Taoism and Confucianism, and describes the worship of the shen 神, a character that signifies the "energies of generation", comprising deities of the natural environment, gods of human groups, heroes and ancestors, and figures from Chinese mythology.[35] Among widespread cults even officially promoted there are those of Mazu (goddess of the seas),[36] Huangdi (divine patriarch of all the Chinese, "Volksgeist" of the Chinese nation),[37] Guandi (god of war and business), Caishen (god of prosperity and richness), Pangu and many others. China has many of the world's tallest statues, including the tallest of all, the Spring Temple Buddha in Henan. Most of them represent buddhas and deities and have been built in the 2000s.

text: Scholars have noted that in China there is no clear boundary between religions, especially Buddhism, Taoism and local folk religious practice.[38] According to the most recent demographic analyses, an average 80% of the population in China, that is hundreds of millions of people, practice some kinds of Chinese folk religions and Taoism, 10—16% are Buddhists, 2—4% are Christians, and 1—2% are Muslims. In addition to Han people's local religious practices, there are also various ethnic minority groups in China who maintain their traditional autochthone religions. Various sects of indigenous origin gather 2—3% of the population, while Confucianism as a religious self-designation is popular among intellectuals.

text: Significant faiths specifically connected to certain ethnic groups include Tibetan Buddhism and the Islamic religion of the Hui and Uyghur peoples. Christianity in China was introduced two times between the 7th and the 15th centuries, but failed to take root.[39] It was reintroduced in the 16th century by Jesuit missionaries. Protestant missions and later Catholic missionaries expanded the presence of Christianity, which influenced the Taiping Rebellion of the mid 19th century. Under Communism, foreign missionaries were expelled, most churches closed and their schools, hospitals and orphanages seized.[40] During the Cultural Revolution, many priests were imprisoned.[41] After the late 1970s, religious freedoms for Christians improved.[42]

text: Migration[edit]

text: Internal migration in the People's Republic of China is one of the most extensive in the world according to the International Labour Organization.[43] In fact, research done by Kam Wing Chan of the University of Washington suggests that "In the 30 years since 1979, China's urban population has grown by about 440 million to 622 million in 2009. Of the 440 million increase, about 340 million was attributable to net migration and urban reclassification. Even if only half of that increase was migration, the volume of rural-urban migration in such a short period is likely the largest in human history."[44] Migrants in China are commonly members of a floating population, which refers primarily to migrants in China without local household registration status through the Chinese Hukou system.[45] In general, rural-urban migrant workers are most excluded from local educational resources, citywide social welfare programs and many jobs because of their lack of hukou status.[46]

text: In 2011 a total of 252.78 million migrant workers (an increase of 4.4% compared to 2010) existed in China. Out of these, migrant workers who left their hometown and worked in other provinces accounted for 158.63 million (an increase of 3.4% compared to 2010) and migrant workers who worked within their home provinces reached 94.15 million (an increase of 5.9% compared to 2010).[47] Estimations are that Chinese cities will face an influx of another 243 million migrants by 2025, taking the urban population up to nearly 1 billion people.[48] This population of migrants would represent "almost 40 percent of the total urban population," a number which is almost three times the current level.[48][49] While it is often difficult to collect accurate statistical data on migrant floating populations, the number of migrants is undoubtedly quite large. “In China’s largest cities, for instance, it is often quoted that at least one out of every five persons is a migrant.”[50] China's government influences the pattern of urbanization through the Hukou permanent residence registration system, land-sale policies, infrastructure investment and the incentives offered to local government officials. The other factors influencing migration of people from rural provincial areas to large cities are employment, education, business opportunities and higher standard of living.[51]

text: The mass emigration known as the Chinese diaspora, which occurred from the 19th century to 1949, was mainly caused by wars and starvation in mainland China, invasion from various foreign countries, as well as the problems resulting from political corruption. Most immigrants were illiterate peasants and manual labourers, called "coolies" by analogy to the same pattern of immigration from India, who emigrated to work in countries such as the Americas, Australia, South Africa and Southeast Asia.

text: Urbanization[edit]

text: Urbanization increased in speed following the initiation of the reform and opening policy. By the end of 2014, 54.7% of the total population lived in urban areas, a rate that rose from 26% in 1990.[52]

text: CIA World Factbook[edit]

text: The following demographic statistics are from the CIA World Factbook, unless otherwise indicated. No statistics have been included for areas currently governed by the Republic of China (Taiwan). Unless stated otherwise, statistics refer only to mainland China. (See Demographics of Hong Kong and Demographics of Macau.)

text:
Mainland only: 1,379,302,771 (2015)
Hong Kong: 7,191,503 (2015)
Macau: 601,969 (2015)
Total: 1,387,096,243 (2015).
Population rank: 1 (See List of countries by population.)

text:
Urban: 55.8% (2015) — 779,478,624
Rural: 44.2% (2015) — 617,549,929

text:
0–14 years: 17.15% (2015)
15–64 years: 72.04% (2015)
65 years and: 10.81% (2015)

text: Population growth rate: 0.59% (2016)

text: Sex distribution: 104.98 (2016)

text:
At birth: 1.15 male(s)/female (2015)
Under 15 years: 1.17 male(s)/female (2015)
15–64 years: 1.08 male(s)/female (2015)
65 years and over: 0.92 male(s)/female (2015)
Total population: 1.05 male(s)/female (2016)

text:
Total: 12.2 deaths/1,000 live births (2015 est)
Male: 12.4 deaths/1,000 live births (2015 est)
Female: 12.0 deaths/1,000 live births (2015 est)

text: See Infant mortality in China

text:
Total population: 76.34 years (2015)
Male: 73.64 years (2015)
Female: 79.43 years (2015)

text:
Predominantly: Mahayana Buddhism, Taoism (Chinese folk religion), Confucianism (via ancestral worship).
Others: Christianity (3% – 4%), Islam (1.5%), ethnic minority religions, others.
Note: State atheism, but traditionally pragmatic and eclectic.


document_title: The Wolf of Wall Street (2013 film)

question_text: wolf of wall street where was it filmed

question_tokens: wolf of wall street where was it filmed

root

text: The Wolf of Wall Street (2013 film)

text: Plot[edit]

text: In 1987, Jordan Belfort procures a job as a Wall Street stockbroker for L.F. Rothschild, employed under Mark Hanna, who quickly entices him with the sex and drugs fueled stockbroker culture and passes on his idea that a stockbroker's only goal is to make money for himself. Jordan soon finds his career terminated following Black Monday and takes a job at a boiler room brokerage firm on Long Island that specializes in penny stocks. Thanks to his aggressive pitching style and the high commissions, Jordan makes a small fortune.

tag: p

text: Jordan befriends his neighbor, Donnie Azoff, and the two found their own company. They recruit several of Jordan's friends, whom Jordan trains in the art of the "hard sell". The basic method of the firm is a pump and dump scam. To cloak this, Jordan gives the firm the respectable-sounding name of Stratton Oakmont. After an exposé in Forbes, hundreds of ambitious young financiers flock to his company. Jordan becomes immensely successful and slides into a decadent lifestyle of prostitutes and drugs. He has an affair with a woman named Naomi Lapaglia. When his wife finds out, Jordan divorces her and marries Naomi. Meanwhile, the SEC and the FBI begin investigating Stratton Oakmont. Jordan illegally makes $22 million in three hours upon securing the IPO of Steve Madden. This brings him and his firm further to the attention of the FBI. To hide his money, Jordan opens a Swiss bank account with corrupt banker Jean-Jacques Saurel in the name of Naomi's Aunt Emma, who is a British national and thus outside the reach of American authorities. He uses the wife and in-laws of his friend Brad Bodnick, who have European passports, to smuggle the cash into Switzerland.

text: Donnie gets into a public brawl with Brad, and, while Donnie escapes, Brad is arrested. Jordan learns from his private investigator that the FBI is wiretapping his phones. Fearing for his son, Jordan's father advises him to leave Stratton Oakmont and lie low while Jordan's lawyer negotiates a deal to keep him out of prison. Jordan, however, cannot bear to quit and talks himself into staying in the middle of his farewell speech. Jordan, Donnie, and their wives are on a yacht trip to Italy when they learn that Aunt Emma has died of a heart attack. Jordan decides to travel to Switzerland immediately to settle the bank account. To bypass border controls, he orders his yacht captain to sail to Monaco, but the ship is capsized in a storm. After their rescue, the plane sent to take them to Geneva is destroyed when a seagull flies into the engine. Jordan takes this as a sign from God and decides to sober up.

text: Two years later, the FBI arrests Jordan because Saurel, arrested in Florida on an unrelated charge, has informed the FBI on Jordan. Since the evidence against him is overwhelming, Jordan agrees to gather evidence on his colleagues in exchange for leniency. Now fed up with Jordan's lifestyle, Naomi tells Jordan she is divorcing him and wants full custody of their children. Jordan loses his temper and tries to run off with his daughter Skylar in his car, but he ends up crashing in the driveway. The next morning, Jordan wears a wire to work but slips a note to Donnie warning him. Donnie keeps the note and rats out on Jordan to the FBI. Jordan is arrested for breaching his co-operation deal. The FBI raids and shuts down Stratton Oakmont. Despite his breach, Jordan receives a reduced sentence for his testimony and serves three years in a minimum security prison. After his release, Jordan makes a living hosting seminars on sales technique.

text: Cast[edit]

text:
Leonardo DiCaprio as Jordan Belfort
Jonah Hill as Donnie Azoff
Margot Robbie as Naomi Lapaglia
Kyle Chandler as Patrick Denham
Rob Reiner as Max Belfort
Jon Bernthal as Brad Bodnick
Matthew McConaughey as Mark Hanna
Jon Favreau as Manny Riskin
Jean Dujardin as Jean-Jacques Saurel
Joanna Lumley as Aunt Emma
Cristin Milioti as Teresa Petrillo
Christine Ebersole as Leah Belfort
Shea Whigham as Captain Ted Beecham
Katarina Čas as Chantalle Bodnick
P. J. Byrne as Nicky Koskoff
Kenneth Choi as Chester Ming
Brian Sacca as Robbie Feinberg
Henry Zebrowski as Alden Kupferberg
Ethan Suplee as Toby Welch
Jake Hoffman as Steve Madden
Mackenzie Meehan as Hildy Azoff
Bo Dietl as himself
Jordan Belfort as Auckland Straight Line Host

tag: ul

text: Production[edit]

text: Development[edit]

text: In 2007, Leonardo DiCaprio/Warner Bros. won a bidding war against Brad Pitt/Paramount Pictures for the rights to Jordan Belfort's memoir The Wolf of Wall Street, and Martin Scorsese was considered to direct the film.[8][9] During pre-production, Scorsese worked on the film's script before working on Shutter Island. He describes having "wasted five months of [his] life" without getting a green light on production dates by the Warner Bros. studio.[10] Jordan Belfort made $1 million on the movie rights.[11]

text: In 2010, Warner Bros. had offered Ridley Scott to direct the film, with Leonardo DiCaprio playing the male lead,[12] but the studio eventually dumped the project.[13]

text: In 2012, a green light was given by the independent company Red Granite Pictures allowing no restrictions to the content development. Scorsese knew that there were no limits to the content that he would produce and therefore came back on board, resulting in an R rating.[14] Red Granite Pictures also asked Paramount Pictures to distribute the film;[15] Paramount Pictures agreed to distribute the film in North America and Japan, but passed on the rest of the international market.[16]

text: The FBI has issued subpoenas to several past and present employees of Red Granite Pictures in regards to allegations that US$155 million was diverted from the Malaysian wealth fund 1MDB to help finance The Wolf of Wall Street.[17][18][19][20] This relates to the 1Malaysia Development Berhad scandal. A civil lawsuit initiated by the U.S. Department of Justice has sought to claim "any rights to profits, royalties and distribution proceeds" from The Wolf of Wall Street.[21] To settle the civil lawsuit, Red Granite Pictures has agreed to pay US$60 million to the U.S. government.[22]

text: In the film, most of the real-life characters' names have been changed from Belfort's original memoir. Donnie Azoff is based on Danny Porush. The name was changed after Porush threatened to sue the filmmakers. Porush maintains that much of the film was fictional and that Donnie Azoff was not in fact an accurate depiction of him.[23][24][25] The FBI agent known as Patrick Denham is the stand-in for real-life Gregory Coleman,[26] and lawyer Manny Riskin is based on Ira Sorkin.[27] Belfort's first wife Denise Lombardo is renamed Teresa Petrillo, while second wife Nadine Caridi became Naomi Lapaglia on-screen. In contrast, Mark Hanna's name remains the same as the LF Rothschild stockbroker who, like Belfort, was convicted of fraud and served time in prison.[28][29] Belfort's parents Max and Leah Belfort's names remained the same for the film.[30] The role of Aunt Emma was initially offered to Julie Andrews, who refused it as she was recovering from an ankle injury, and she was replaced by Joanna Lumley.[31]

text: In January 2014, Jonah Hill revealed in an interview with Howard Stern that he made only $60,000 on the film (the lowest possible SAG-AFTRA rate for his amount of work), while his co-star Leonardo DiCaprio (who also produced) received $10 million. Hill didn't care about his settlement though, and wanted to play Donnie Azoff so badly that he was willing to do whatever it took to get the part as it was his dream to be in a Scorsese film.[32][33][34][35]

text: Filming[edit]

text: Filming began on August 8, 2012, in New York.[36] Jonah Hill announced that his first day of shooting was September 4, 2012.[37] Filming also took place in Closter, New Jersey[38] and Harrison, New York. In January 2013, additional scenes were shot at a set built in an abandoned office building in Ardsley, New York. Scenes at the beach house were filmed in Sands Point, New York.[39]

text: Scorsese's longtime editor Thelma Schoonmaker stated that the film would be shot digitally instead of on film.[40] Scorsese had been a proponent of shooting on film but decided to shoot Hugo digitally because it was being photographed in 3D; however, The Wolf of Wall Street was originally planned to be shot digitally despite being filmed in 2D.[41] Schoonmaker expressed her disappointment with the decision: "It would appear that we've lost the battle. I think Marty just feels it's unfortunately over, and there's been no bigger champion of film than him."[40] After extensive comparison tests during pre-production, eventually the majority of the film was shot on film stock while scenes that used green screen effects or low light were shot with the digital Arri Alexa.[41] The film contains 400–450 VFX shots.[42]

text: Use of animals[edit]

text: The Wolf of Wall Street uses animals including a chimpanzee, a lion, a snake, a fish, and dogs.[43] The chimpanzee and the lion were provided by the Big Cat Habitat wildlife sanctuary in Sarasota County, Florida. The four-year-old chimpanzee Chance spent time with actor Leonardo DiCaprio and learned to roller skate over the course of three weeks. The sanctuary also provided a lion named Handsome because the film's trading company used a lion for its symbol.[44] Danny Porush, Jordan Belfort's real-life partner, denied that there were any animals in the office, although he admitted to eating an employee's goldfish.[45]

text: In December 2013, before the film's premiere, the organization Friends of Animals criticized the use of the chimpanzee and organized a boycott of the film. Variety reported, "Friends of Animals thinks the chimp ... suffered irreversible psychological damage after being forced to act."[46] The Guardian said, "Criticism of The Wolf of Wall Street's use of a chimpanzee arrives as Hollywood comes under ever-increasing scrutiny for its employment of animals on screen," referring to a November 2013 report in The Hollywood Reporter that was critical of the American Humane Association's treatment of animals in films.[45] PETA also launched a campaign to highlight mistreatment of ape "actors" and to petition for DiCaprio not to work with great apes.[47]

text: Release[edit]

text: The Wolf of Wall Street premiered at the Ziegfeld Theatre in New York City on December 17, 2013,[48] followed by a wide release on December 25, 2013. It was previously slated to be released on November 15, 2013, but the date was pushed back after film cuts were made to reduce the run time.[49] On October 22, 2013, it was reported that the film was set for a Christmas 2013 release.[50] Paramount officially confirmed the Christmas Day 2013 release date on October 29, 2013, with a running time of 165 minutes.[9][51] On November 25, 2013, the length was announced to be 179 minutes.[52] It was officially rated R for "sequences of strong sexual content, graphic nudity, drug use and language throughout, and for some violence".[53] Scorsese had to edit sexual content and nudity to avoid an NC-17 rating.[54] By different counts, the film contains between 506 and 569 uses of the word "fuck",[55][56] and currently holds the record for the most uses of the word in a mainstream non-documentary film.[57][58][59]

text: The film is banned in Malaysia, Nepal, Zimbabwe, and Kenya because of its scenes depicting sex, drugs and excessive use of swear words, and additional scenes have been cut in the versions playing in India. In Singapore, after cuts were made to an orgy scene as well as some religiously profane or denigrating language, the film was passed R21.[60][61]

text: The film marks a change in film history when Paramount became the first major studio to distribute movies to theaters in digital format, eliminating 35mm film entirely. Anchorman 2: The Legend Continues was the last Paramount production to include a 35mm film version, while The Wolf of Wall Street was the first major movie distributed entirely digitally.[62][63]

text: Box office[edit]

text: The Wolf of Wall Street grossed $116.9 million in North America and $275.1 million internationally, for a total gross of $392 million,[2] making it Scorsese's highest-grossing film worldwide.[64] In North America, the film opened at number five in its first weekend, with $18.4 million in 3,387 theaters, behind The Hobbit: The Desolation of Smaug, Frozen, Anchorman 2: The Legend Continues, and American Hustle.[65] In Australia, it is the highest grossing R-rated film, earning $12.96 million.[66]

text: File sharing[edit]

text: According to copyright infringement tracking site Excipio, the film was the most illegally downloaded film of 2014, as it was shared over 30 million times via torrent sites.[67]

text: Home media[edit]

text: The Wolf of Wall Street was released on DVD and Blu-ray on March 25, 2014.[68] On January 27, 2014, it was revealed that a four-hour director's cut would be attached to the home release.[69][70] It was later revealed by Paramount Pictures and Red Granite Pictures that the home release would feature only the theatrical release.[71]

text: Reception[edit]

text: Critical response[edit]

text: The Wolf of Wall Street received positive reviews, with critics praising DiCaprio and Hill's performances, Scorsese's direction, and Winter's screenplay. On Rotten Tomatoes, the film holds an approval rating of 78% based on 267 reviews, with an average rating of 7.8/10. The site's critical consensus reads, "Funny, self-referential, and irreverent to a fault, The Wolf of Wall Street finds Martin Scorsese and Leonardo DiCaprio at their most infectiously dynamic."[72] On Metacritic, the film has a weighted average score of 75 out of 100, based on 47 critics, indicating "generally favorable reviews".[73]

text: Peter Travers of Rolling Stone magazine named The Wolf of Wall Street as the third best film of 2013, behind 12 Years a Slave and Gravity at numbers one and two, respectively. The movie was chosen as one of the top ten films of the year by the American Film Institute.[74] Mick LaSalle of the San Francisco Chronicle said "it is the best and most enjoyable American film to be released this year."[75] The Chicago Sun-Times's Richard Roeper gave the film a "B+" score, saying the film was "good, not great Scorsese".[76]

text: Dana Stevens, a member of the New York Film Critics Circle, wrote that the movie did not work for her after labeling the film "Epic in size, claustrophobically narrow in scope."[77] According to Marshall Fine of The Huffington Post the story "wants us to be interested in characters who are dull people to start with, made duller by their delusions of being interesting because they are high."[78] Some critics viewed the movie as an irresponsible glorification rather than a satirical takedown. DiCaprio responded that in his opinion the film does not glorify the excessive lifestyle it depicts.[79][80]

text: In 2015, the film was ranked #78 on the BBC's 100 Greatest Films of the 21st Century list.[81] In June 2017, Richard Brody of The New Yorker named The Wolf of Wall Street as the 2nd best film of the 21st century so far, behind Jean-Luc Godard's In Praise of Love (2001).[82]

text: Top ten lists[edit]

text: The Wolf of Wall Street was listed on many critics' top ten lists.[83]

text:
1st – Richard Brody, The New Yorker (tied with To the Wonder)
1st – Stephen Schaefer, Boston Herald
2nd – Wesley Morris, Grantland
2nd – Mick LaSalle, San Francisco Chronicle
2nd – Ben Kenigsberg, The A.V. Club
3rd – James Berardinelli, Reelviews
3rd – MTV
3rd – Glenn Kenny, RogerEbert.com
3rd – Peter Travers, Rolling Stone
4th – Scott Feinberg, The Hollywood Reporter
4th – Drew McWeeny, HitFix
4th – Yahoo! Movies
4th – Christopher Orr, The Atlantic
4th – Barbara Vancheri, Pittsburgh Post-Gazette
5th – Caryn James, Indiewire[84]
5th – Stephen Holden, The New York Times
5th – Rex Reed, The New York Observer
5th – Katey Rich, Vanity Fair
5th – David Chen, /Film
6th – TV Guide
7th – Matt Zoller Seitz, RogerEbert.com
7th – Film School Rejects
7th – Todd McCarthy, The Hollywood Reporter
7th – Scott Tobias, The Dissolve
7th – Scott Mantz, Access Hollywood
7th – Mark Mohan, The Oregonian
7th – Sam Adams, The A.V. Club
8th – Nathan Rabin, The Dissolve
8th – Bill Goodykoontz, Arizona Republic
8th – Randy Myers, San Jose Mercury News
9th – Joe Neumaier, New York Daily News
10th – Andrew O'Hehir, Salon.com
10th – Jessica Kiang and Katie Walsh, Indiewire
10th – A.O. Scott, The New York Times
10th – Rene Rodriguez, Miami Herald
10th – Marjorie Baumgarten, Austin Chronicle
10th – Keith Uhlich, Time Out New York
Top 10 (listed alphabetically, not ranked) – James Verniere, Boston Herald
Top 10 (listed alphabetically, not ranked) – Stephen Whitty, The Star-Ledger
Top 10 (ranked alphabetically) – Joe Williams, St. Louis Post-Dispatch

text: Audience response[edit]

text: The film received a "C" rating from audiences surveyed by CinemaScore,[85] a rating lower than anything else in theaters the opening week of the film.[86] The Los Angeles Times argues that the film attracted conservative viewers by depicting a more moral tone in its marketing than the film itself depicted.[87]

text: Christina McDowell, daughter of Tom Prousalis, who worked closely with the real-life Belfort at Stratton Oakmont, wrote an open letter addressing Scorsese, DiCaprio, and Belfort himself, criticizing the film for insufficiently portraying the victims of the financial crimes created by Stratton Oakmont, for disregarding the damage that was done to her family as a result, and for giving celebrity to persons (Belfort and his partners, including her father) who do not deserve it.[88]

text: Steven Perlberg of Business Insider saw an advance screening of the film at a Regal Cinemas near the Goldman Sachs building, with an audience of financial workers. Perlberg reported cheers from the audience at what he considered to be all the wrong moments—"When Belfort — a drug addict attempting to remain sober — rips up a couch cushion to get to his secret coke stash, there were cheers."[89][86]

text: The former Assistant United States Attorney who prosecuted the real Belfort criticized both the movie and the book on which it is based. He said he believes some of Belfort's claims were "invented", as for instance "[Belfort] aggrandized his importance and reverence for him by others at his firm." He strongly criticizes the film for not depicting the "thousands of [scam] victims who lost hundreds of millions of dollars," not accepting the filmmakers' argument that it would have detracted attention from the wrongdoers. Furthermore, he deplores the ending—"beyond an insult" to his victims—in which the real Belfort appears, while showing "a large sign advertising the name of Mr. Belfort's real motivational speaking company," and a positive depiction of Belfort uttering "variants of the same falsehoods he trained others to use against his victims."[90]

text: Accolades[edit]

text: The film was nominated for five Academy Awards: Best Picture, Best Director for Scorsese, Best Adapted Screenplay for Winter, Best Actor for DiCaprio, and Best Supporting Actor for Hill. It was also nominated for four BAFTAs, including Best Director, Best Actor and Best Adapted Screenplay, and two Golden Globe Awards, including Best Motion Picture – Musical or Comedy. DiCaprio won the Golden Globe Award for Best Actor – Motion Picture Musical or Comedy.

text: Soundtrack[edit]

text:
The Wolf of Wall Street: Music from the Motion PictureSoundtrack album by Various artistsReleased
December 17, 2013 (2013-12-17)(Digital download)Length
56:30Label
Virgin Records

tag: table

text: The soundtrack to The Wolf of Wall Street features both original as well as existing music tracks, and was released on December 17, 2013 for digital download.

text: More than sixty songs were used in the film, but only sixteen were included on the official soundtrack. Notably, among the exceptions are original compositions by Theodore Shapiro.[91]

text: showTrack listingNo.TitleArtist(s)Length1."Mercy, Mercy, Mercy"Cannonball Adderley5:112."Dust My Broom"Elmore James2:533."Bang! Bang!"Joe Cuba4:064."Movin' Out (Anthony's Song)"Billy Joel3:295."C'est si bon"Eartha Kitt2:586."Goldfinger"Sharon Jones & The Dap-Kings2:307."Pretty Thing"Bo Diddley2:498."Moonlight in Vermont" (Live at the Pershing Lounge)Ahmad Jamal3:109."Smokestack Lightning"Howlin' Wolf3:0710."Hey Leroy, Your Mama's Callin' You"The Jimmy Castor Bunch2:2611."Double Dutch"Malcolm McLaren3:5612."Never Say Never"Romeo Void5:5413."Meth Lab Zoso Sticker"7horse3:4214."Road Runner"Bo Diddley2:4615."Mrs. Robinson"The Lemonheads3:4416."Cast Your Fate to the Wind"Allen Toussaint3:19Total length:56:30


document_title: Bullet (Hollywood Undead song)

question_text: who sings the end of bullet by hollywood undead

text: Bullet (Hollywood Undead song)

text: Background and development[edit]

text: "Bullet" was written by Lewis Edwards. The song contains verses by Terrell and Ragan, and a b-section and chorus sung by Terrell.

text: The song was produced, recorded, and mixed by Griffin Boice at the Beat Suite in Hollywood, California.[1]

text: Composition and lyrics[edit]

text: The acoustic guitar pattern repeats throughout the intro and outro, the verse, the pre-chorus and the chorus in a pattern of intro-verse-pre chorus-chorus-verse-pre chorus-outro, with the chord progression being E-B-C#m-A. The chord progression during the pre-chorus is G#m-F#m-E-D#m-C-B, with every chord following a two strum pattern, with the exceptions of C and B, which both follow an eight strum pattern.

text: The lyrics detail a teenage male's trouble with attempted (or successful) suicide. The chorus, which the song opens with, implies past attempts at suicide for the protagonist: "My legs are dangling off the edge, the bottom of the bottle is my only friend. I think I'll slit my wrist again, and I'm gone, gone, gone, gone! My legs are dangling off the edge, a stomach full of pills didn't work again. I put a bullet in my head, and I'm gone, gone, gone, gone!" The protagonist continues in the verses to describe the decomposition of his life, stating that his "two best friends" are "a bottle of pills" and "a bottle of Gin". We then learn he is at the top of a twenty story building, and that the polishing of a bottle is "pushing [me]" off and he describes how asphalt has never "looked so soft". The protagonist begins to express concern that his mother found his suicide note and had called the police. He starts realising he needs to move fast, as he hears "sirens and they're off in the distance" and that he's "more scarred than my wrist is". He states that he's going to purchase a suit, because "when you go to meet God ya know you wanna look nice." The pre-chorus states that "So if I survive then I'll see you tomorrow" and the chorus plays again. Johnny 3 Tears takes the second verse from a third-person point of view of another young man who had an abusive family life. The young man's father had apparently abandoned him, which left his mother guilt-struck, and he had gone astray in a way that is not specified. It is, however, stated that he "Climbed to the roof to see if [you] could fly". This ends the verse, and goes into the pre-chorus and chorus. After the chorus, Petra Christensen sings the outro stated by J-Dog in a Hollywood Undead live cast in January promoting the release for the band's latest album.

text: Remix contest[edit]

text: The band has hosted a remix contest for the songs "Bullet" and "Le Deux". Bullet's remix is hosted on Indaba Music and is chosen by voting majority. One of the top five voted remixes will be picked by the band themselves, and will receive the grand prize of a Cakewalk SONAR X1 Producer, a Cakewalk Z3TA+2 virtual instrument, and a Roland audio interface. The remix will also be featured on an upcoming official remix EP. Five honorable mentions from the top ten remixes will be sent a Hollywood Undead album signed by the members. Submissions for the contest are due by August 24, 2011.[2]

text: Critical reception[edit]

text: The song has received positive reviews from music critics. Rick Florino of Artist Direct had a list of ten reasons readers needed American Tragedy, with number three being the track "Bullet". Florino explains that "Hollywood Undead snap from faint acoustic guitar into cinematic rhyming about suicide. It's as infectious as it is intense." He states that the ending refrain featuring a little girl "is utterly powerful." He also stated that "Bullet" is "the kind of song that could save some kid in the crowd," and closed his review stating that the song is "heart-wrenching genius."[3] In his official review, Florino again referenced "Bullet" stating it was one of "two moments that make [American Tragedy] a classic," stating that "After an acoustic intro, the song tells a potent and poignant tale of longing for suicide. However, it's the sunniest and catchiest tune on American Tragedy" and that the band's genius lies "in that dangerous space between unforgettable and unsettling." He compared Johnny 3 Tears' verse to being as soulful as Jonathan Davis of Korn. The album as a whole garnered five out of five stars.[4]

text: Jeremy Borjon of Revolver described the song as "a disturbingly upbeat song about a man attempting suicide" and included it with several other songs as high points of the album. He gave the album four out of five stars.[5]

text: Richard Solomon of The Minaret stated that the song was in a part of the album that "stayed strong and continued to please", and analyzed it as "an intense song about suicide," and stated that "[t]he lyrics are probably more depressing than most. The twist? It has a melody happier than many songs, an upbeat and almost peppy tempo that's completely at odds with lyrics like, 'I never bought a suit before in my life, but when you go to meet God you know you wanna look nice!' and, 'A stomach full of pills didn't work again. I put a bullet in my head, and I'm gone, gone, gone, gone!'" He later analyzed that "[t]he final verse is different and is sung by what sounds like a little girl and adds to the 'happy' melody, but with the previous lyrics it just makes it even sadder," and stated that "if 'Comin' in Hot' is a successor to 'No. 5,' then this song is the successor to '[sic] My Black Dahlia.'" Solomon gave the album a positive review, granting four and a half out of five stars.[6]

text: Credits and personnel[edit]

text: The credits for "Bullet" are adapted from the liner notes of American Tragedy.[1]

text:
Recorded at: The Beat Suite in Hollywood, California.
Drums recorded at: NRG Studios, North Hollywood, California.

text:
Charlie Scene – clean vocals, rapping, guitar, composer, writer
Johnny 3 Tears – vocals, composer, writer
Johnny 3 Tears's daughter - End Vocals
J-Dog – synthesizers, keyboards, composer, writer
Danny – composer, writer, background vocals
Griffin Boice – production, recording, mixing, guitar, bass guitar, programming, percussion, composer, writer
Sean Curiel – drum recording assistant
Ken Dudley – additional recording
Daren Pfeifer – drums
Petra Christensen – additional vocals


document_title: Bleach (season 7)

question_text: what episode does ichigo go to hueco mundo

text: Bleach (season 7)

text: Episode list[edit]

text:
No.
Title
Original airdate
English airdate

132
"Hitsugaya, Karin, and Soccer Ball"
"Hitsugaya to Karin to Sakkā Bōru" (日番谷と夏梨とサッカーボール)
July 4, 2007
July 11, 2009

Karin Kurosaki meets Tōshirō Hitsugaya when she is playing soccer in the streets. Karin discovers that older students are using a soccer field for practice during a time slot that her team had booked. After a confrontation, the two teams decide to have a soccer match for control of the field. Karin asks Hitsugaya to join, but he refuses. However, he notes that she can see hollows and goes to the match. In the match, Karin injures her knee, prompting Hitsugaya to enter the game to help her. After the game is over, a hollow enters the area, and Hitsugaya easily defeats it. Realizing that Hitsugaya is a Soul Reaper, Karin questions Hitsugaya about her brother, Ichigo Kurosaki, and Hitsugaya assuages her fears concerning Ichigo's location.

133
"Ikkaku: The Hot-Blooded Kendo Tale"
"Ikkaku, Nekketsu Kendō Monogatari" (一角、熱血剣道物語)
July 11, 2007
July 18, 2009

Keigo Asano's sister Mizuho asks Ikkaku Madarame to help train a group of kendo students at his school. Ikkaku's brutal training causes most of the team to quit, except for a boy named Shinji, who is dedicated to become stronger. To recruit more team members, Ikkaku asks his fellow Soul Reapers Hitsugaya and Renji Abarai to participate in the kendo tournament. The Soul Reapers easily defeat their opponents. However, a hollow appears nearby, forcing them to leave in order to fight it. Shinji fights the final opponent in the tournament, and manages to defeat him as Ikkaku kills the hollow. Ikkaku, enraged at having missed an opportunity to fight, proceeds to attack the entire opposing team on his own.

134
"The Beautiful Patissier, Yumichika!"
"Utsukushiki Patishie, Yumichika!" (美しきパティシエ、弓親！)
July 18, 2007
July 18, 2009

Twelfth division Soul Reaper Rin Tsubokura is sent to Karakura Town to conduct research, and Hanatarō Yamada accompanies him as an escort. Yumichika Ayasegawa, one of the Soul Reapers based in the real world, is assigned as their guide. While Rin searches for sweets to purchase, they encounter the ghost of a chef who wants the three Soul Reapers to bake a cake for his mother. Upon delivering the cake, however, the chef's mother refuses to eat it because it reminds her of her son, causing the chef to begin transforming into a hollow. Attracted by the chef's transformation, a Menos Grande arrives, and Hanatarō is able to both stop the chef's transformation and defeat the Menos Grande with the shikai of his zanpakutō. Using a device, Rin makes the chef visible to his mother, and he convinces her to eat the cake.

135
"Kon is Deceived! Rangiku on the Lookout..."
"Hakarareta, Kon! Rangiku wa Mite Ita..." (はかられたコン！乱菊は見ていた…)
July 25, 2007
July 25, 2009

After encountering Rangiku Matsumoto, Kon rescues a girl named Miyuki from drowning. In the process, however, Kon is swapped with Shintarō, the girl's stuffed animal. Kon attempts to talk to Miyuki, who requests that Kon play with her, as she has no friends outside her house. Kon asks her to bring him to her old house, where Kon learns that "Shintarō" is the name of her old dog and a two-headed dog hollow attacks them. Rangiku kills the hollow, which is revealed to be Shintarō's soul along with a Doberman Pinscher's soul which combined with it to make the hollow. Afterwards, Kon insists that Miyuki stop relying on him and make friends of her own.

136
"Civil War in Hueco Mundo! Ulquiorra's Death"
"Weko Mundo Nairan! Urukiora no Shi" (ウェコムンド内乱！ウルキオラの死)
August 8, 2007
July 25, 2009

In Hueco Mundo, an arrancar named Patros and his two subordinates steal the Orb of Distortion, and kill Espada Ulquiorra Schiffer in the process. Unwilling to continue taking orders from former Soul Reaper Sōsuke Aizen, Patros wishes to use the Orb of Distortion to take control of Las Noches. To this end, he heads for the shop of Kisuke Urahara, as he believes someone in the shop knows how to use the orb. Patros begins to fight Renji, who is staying at Urahara's shop. Meanwhile, the other Soul Reapers fight Patros' subordinates. As the two sides battle, Ulquiorra appears in the real world with no signs of his previous injuries.

137
"The Malicious Battle, Aizen's Trap"
"Akui no Tatakai, Aizen no Wana" (悪意の戦い、藍染の罠)
August 15, 2007
August 1, 2009

In Hueco Mundo, Ulquiorra's staged death and the theft of the Orb of Distortion are revealed to be a ploy by Aizen, engineered using his illusion-casting zanpakutō. In the real world, Patros' subordinates are defeated, and Renji uses his bankai, forcing Patros to release his zanpakutō. Patros begins to overwhelm Renji and reveals the secret of his attacks to the modified soul Lirin. Lirin, Kurōdo and Noba prevent Patros from using his attacks, and Renji defeats him. Meanwhile, Ulquiorra delivers a report to Aizen, noting that Orihime Inoue is currently not in the real world.

138
"Hueco Mundo moves again! Hitsugaya vs. Yammy"
"Hueco Mundo Saidō! Hitsugaya VS Yammy" (ウェコムンド再動！日番谷VSヤミー)
August 29, 2007
August 1, 2009

In Hueco Mundo, Aizen creates the arrancar Wonderweiss Margera with the Orb of Distortion, and Aizen tasks Ulquiorra with gathering arrancars for a mission. Meanwhile, Ichigo's training with the Vizards has enabled him to use his hollow mask for eleven seconds. In Soul Society, Soul Reapers Jūshirō Ukitake and Shūhei Hisagi observe Orihime and Rukia Kuchiki, who are training for the winter war with Aizen. In the real world, Yumichika and Rangiku are training in an attempt to achieve bankai when the arrancars Luppi Antenor, Grimmjow Jaegerjaquez, Yammy Riyalgo and Wonderweiss attack. Ichigo encounters Grimmjow and uses his bankai. In the training room beneath the Urahara shop, Urahara prepares to leave to enter the battle.

139
"Ichigo vs. Grimmjow, the 11-second battle!"
"Ichigo VS Gurimujō, Jū-ichi Byō no tatakai!" (一護VSグリムジョー、11秒の戦い)
September 5, 2007
August 8, 2009

Ichigo dons his hollow mask, and overwhelms Grimmjow with his enhanced power. However, Ichigo is unable to defeat Grimmjow in his eleven-second limit, and Grimmjow takes the advantage. Meanwhile, Hitsugaya battles Yammy, and Luppi demands that Yammy retreat so he can fight all the Soul Reapers present. Luppi releases his zanpakutō, sprouting eight tentacles from his back, and after knocking Hitsugaya into the ground, captures all of the Soul Reapers. Before he can dispatch Rangiku, Urahara arrives, cutting one of his tentacles, and begins to fight Yammy. In Soul Society, as Orihime crosses into the real world, Ulquiorra attacks her. He severely injures her Soul Reaper guards and demands that she leave with him or he will kill all her friends.

140
"Ulquiorra's Scheme, the Moment when the Sun Sets!"
"Sakubō no Urukiora, Taiyō ga Shizumu Toki" (策謀のウルキオラ、太陽が沈む時)
September 12, 2007
August 8, 2009

As the battle with Luppi continues, Hitsugaya uses a sneak attack with his bankai and defeats Luppi. Meanwhile, Urahara dodges Yammy's attacks using one of his inventions, and subsequently nullifies all of them. Grimmjow nearly kills Ichigo, but is saved by Rukia. She is nearly killed, but Shinji Hirako saves her. Grimmjow begins to battle Hirako, and after Hirako dons his hollow mask, he overwhelms Grimmjow. As Grimmjow prepares to release his zanpakutō, Ulquiorra stops him and orders all the arrancars to return to Hueco Mundo, as Orihime agreed to accompany him.

141
"Goodbye..., Kurosaki!"
"Sayonara..., Kurosaki-kun!" (さようなら…、黒崎くん)
September 19, 2007
August 15, 2009

Ulquiorra gives Orihime twelve hours to say goodbye to one person, and provides her with a bracelet that makes her invisible. Orihime travels through Karakura Town, watching her friends from a distance. She then visits Ichigo, who is recovering from the injuries Grimmjow inflicted on him. She makes a confession of her love to the sleeping Ichigo. She almost kisses him but cannot bring herself to do it. Before leaving the real world, she writes a line in a notebook, "Goodbye, halcyon days".

142
"Strict Order! The Forbidden Rescue of Orihime Inoue"
"Genmei! Inoue Orihime no Kyushūtsu o Kinzu" (厳命！井上織姫ノ救出ヲ禁ズ)
September 26, 2007
August 15, 2009

Tatsuki discovers that Orihime is missing following the attack by the arrancars. Because she had time to heal Ichigo before departing, captain Genryūsai Shigekuni Yamamoto assumes that she is a traitor who left of her own volition, and refuses any attempts to rescue her. Meanwhile, Tatsuki Arisawa questions Ichigo concerning Orihime's disappearance, and Ichigo tells her that it is none of her concern. Ichigo, unwilling to abandon Orihime, turns to Urahara for help, and is joined by Uryū Ishida and Yasutora "Chad" Sado.

143
"Grimmjow Revived"
"Fukkatsu no Gurimujō" (復活のグリムジョー)
October 3, 2007
August 22, 2009

After being brought before Aizen, Orihime is asked to demonstrate her power by restoring Grimmjow's arm. After doing so, Grimmjow asks her to restore his tattoo. Following this, he kills Luppi to regain his rank among the Espadas. Although she is worried that her actions will only cause more fighting, Orihime resolves to make herself useful until the Soul Society has prepared for the upcoming war. Meanwhile, Ichigo, Uryū and Chad enter Hueco Mundo with Urahara's aid. In the real world, Isshin Kurosaki meets with Ryūken Ishida in the training chamber underneath the latter's hospital, where they discuss how they raised their respective sons.

144
"Ishida and Chad, The Quickening of a New Power"
"Ishida, Chado, Atarashiki Chikara To taidō" (石田・チャド、新しき力の胎動)
October 17, 2007
August 22, 2009

After arriving in Hueco Mundo, Ichigo, Uryū and Chad traverse the halls of an unknown structure. After setting off several traps, they are greeted by Demōra and Iceringer, two arrancar under Aizen's command. Uryū and Chad insist that Ichigo watch them fight, and they overpower the arrancars, showing their new abilities in the process.

145
"The Espada Gather! Aizen's Royal Assembly"
"Esupāda Shūketsu! Aizen no Gozen Kaigi" (エスパーダ集結！藍染の御前会議)
October 24, 2007
August 29, 2009

With the two arrancars defeated, the room collapses, forcing Ichigo, Uryū and Chad to escape outside. Upon seeing Las Noches, they begin running towards it, impeded by the various natural hazards of the desert. Meanwhile, Aizen gathers the Espadas to inform them of the intrusion, stressing that the intruders are not to be underestimated, but not to be considered an immediate threat. In the desert, Ichigo, Uryū and Chad encounter three hollows chasing a human child, and decide to help the child.

146
"The Name's Nel! The Appearance of a Strange Arrancar"
"Sono Na wa Neru! Fushigi na Arankaru Tōjō" (その名はネル！不思議なアランカル登場)
October 31, 2007
August 29, 2009

Ichigo learns that the human child is an arrancar named Nelliel Tu Oderschvanck. The three hollows are her brothers Pesche Guatiche and Dondochakka Bilstin, and their pet Bawabawa. Afterwards, a hollow named Lunuganga attacks the group, and they are unable to harm him because his body is made of sand. They are saved by Renji and Rukia, who freezes Lunuganga with her shikai. Nel offers to take the whole group to Las Noches. Before they can reach Las Noches, Lunuganga rises from the sands again.

147
"Forest of Menos! Search for the Missing Rukia"
"Menosu no Mori! Kieta Rukia o Sakase" (メノスの森！消えたルキアを探せ)
November 7, 2007
September 12, 2009

Lunuganga sinks the group beneath the sands, and Rukia is separated from the group. Nel explains that they are in the Forest of Menos, where most hollows reside. As they begin to fight the hollows around them, Rukia attempts to fight the hollows attacking her. She is rescued by Soul Reaper Ashido Kanō, who attacks her after dispatching all of the hollows. Meanwhile, Nel, Pesche and Dondochakka are kidnapped by a hollow during an attack.

148
"Ashido, The Soul Reaper Who Came from the Past"
"Ashido, Kako kara Kita Shinigami" (アシド、過去から来た死神)
November 14, 2007
September 12, 2009

Ashido reveals that his attack was a test of her strength, and he decides to take her back to her friends. Along the way, he relates his past to Rukia, explaining that he was part of a unit which hunts hollows that inadvertently came to Hueco Mundo. They are attacked by an Adjuchas. Meanwhile, Nel and her friends are held captive by the other Adjuchas, and Ichigo, Uryū, Chad and Renji are searching the area for them. Rukia and Ashido easily destroy the first Adjuchas, and another adjuchas prepares up an ambush, in which Ashido is hit while trying to protect Rukia.

149
"Through the Crumbling Forest, a Million Menos"
"Kuzureiku Mori, Hyakuman no Menosu" (崩れ行く森、百万のメノス)
November 21, 2007
September 19, 2009

Ashido's mask absorbs the brunt of the attack of the Adjuchas, and Rukia kills the Adjuchas. Meanwhile, Ichigo and the others locate Nel and are led into an ambush. However, they defeat all of the hollows present. Elsewhere, Rukia and Ashido defeat another Adjuchas, and everyone is subsequently reunited. As Ashido attempts to lead them out of the forest, an attack by one of the remaining Adjuchas collapses the passage. Ashido leaves to fight the Adjuchas as the rest of the group returns to the surface. As she leaves, Rukia promises to return for him. In Las Noches, Ulquiorra informs Orihime that her friends have mounted a rescue.

150
"Oath! Back Here Alive Again"
"Chikai! Futatabi Ikite Kono Basho e" (誓い！再び生きてこの場所へ)
November 28, 2007
September 19, 2009

After breaking into Las Noches and finding themselves at a five-way fork, Ichigo's group splits up and each takes one path. When Nel chases after Ichigo, Pesche and Dondochakka forget the direction she took and travel down different paths. Meanwhile, Ulquiorra makes Orihime swear her loyalty to Aizen. Afterwards, he explains to Espada Nnoitra Gilga the psychological traps Aizen created to ensure that Orihime does not have the will to resist. However, Orihime quietly resolves to destroy the Orb of Distortion by erasing its existence, an act that would derail all of Aizen's plans.

151
"The Raging Storm! Encounter with the Dancing Arrancar"
"Fukiareru Bōfū! Odoru Arankaru to no Sōgū" (吹き荒れる暴風！踊るアランカルとの遭遇)
December 5, 2007
September 26, 2009

Ichigo and Nel encounter the Privaron Espada Dordonii Alessandro Del Socacchio, and Ichigo begins to battle him. Uryū and Chad each encounter an arrancar, and former Soul Reaper captains Gin Ichimaru and Kaname Tōsen observe the battles through the surveillance system in Las Noches. Although Ichigo and Dordonii fight evenly, Dordonii gains the upper hand by releasing his zanpakutō.