document_title: List of National Basketball Association career scoring leaders

question_text: who is the leading scorer in the nba

question_tokens: who is the leading scorer in the nba

text: Scoring leaders[edit]

text: The following is a list of National Basketball Association players by total career regular season points scored.

text:
^

Active NBA player

*

Inducted into the Naismith Memorial Basketball Hall of Fame

†

Not yet eligible for Hall of Fame consideration[2]

text:
Rank

Player

Position(s)

Team(s) played for (years)[3]

Total points

Games  played

Points  per gameaverage[4]

Field goalsmade

Three-pointfield goalsmade[5]

Free  throws made

1

Kareem Abdul-Jabbar*[6]

C

Milwaukee Bucks (1969–1975)Los Angeles Lakers (1975–1989)

38,387

1,560

24.6

15,837

1

6,712

2

Karl Malone*

PF

Utah Jazz (1985–2003)Los Angeles Lakers (2003–2004)

36,928

1,476

25.0

13,528

85

9,787

3

Kobe Bryant†

SG

Los Angeles Lakers (1996–2016)

33,643

1,346

25.0

11,719

1,827

8,378

4

Michael Jordan*

SG

Chicago Bulls (1984–1993, 1995–1998)Washington Wizards (2001–2003)

32,292

1,072

30.1

12,192

581

7,327

5

Wilt Chamberlain*

C

Philadelphia/San Francisco Warriors (1959–1965)Philadelphia 76ers (1965–1968)Los Angeles Lakers (1968–1973)

31,419

1,045

30.1

12,681

0

6,057

6

LeBron James^

SF/PF

Cleveland Cavaliers (2003–2010, 2014–2018)Miami Heat (2010–2014)Los Angeles Lakers (2018–present)

31,231

1,150

27.2

11,350

1,626

6,905

7

Dirk Nowitzki^

PF/C

Dallas Mavericks (1999–present)

31,187

1,471

21.2

11,034

1,918

7,201

8

Shaquille O'Neal*

C

Orlando Magic (1992–1996)Los Angeles Lakers (1996–2004)Miami Heat (2004–2008)Phoenix Suns (2008–2009)Cleveland Cavaliers (2009–2010)Boston Celtics (2010–2011)

28,596

1,207

23.7

11,330

1

5,935

9

Moses Malone*

C

Buffalo Braves (1976)Houston Rockets (1976–1982)Philadelphia 76ers (1982–1986, 1993–1994)Washington Bullets (1986–1988)Atlanta Hawks (1988–1991)Milwaukee Bucks (1991–1993)San Antonio Spurs (1994–1995)

27,409

1,329

20.6

9,435

8

8,531

10

Elvin Hayes*

PF/C

San Diego/Houston Rockets (1968–1972, 1981–1984)Baltimore/Capital/Washington Bullets (1972–1981)

27,313

1,303

21.0

10,976

5

5,356

11

Hakeem Olajuwon*[7]

C

Houston Rockets (1984–2001)Toronto Raptors (2001–2002)

26,946

1,238

21.8

10,749

25

5,423

12

Oscar Robertson*

PG

Cincinnati Royals (1960–1970)Milwaukee Bucks (1970–1974)

26,710

1,040

25.7

9,508

0

7,694

13

Dominique Wilkins*

SF

Atlanta Hawks (1982–1994)Los Angeles Clippers (1994)Boston Celtics (1994–1995)San Antonio Spurs (1996–1997)Orlando Magic (1999)

26,668

1,074

24.8

9,963

711

6,031

14

Tim Duncan†

PF/C

San Antonio Spurs (1997–2016)

26,496

1,392

19.0

10,285

30

5,896

15

Paul Pierce†

SF/SG

Boston Celtics (1999–2013)Brooklyn Nets (2013–2014)Washington Wizards (2014–2015)Los Angeles Clippers (2015–2017)

26,397

1,343

19.7

8,668

2,143

6,918

16

John Havlicek*

SF/SG

Boston Celtics (1962–1978)

26,395

1,270

20.8

10,513

0

5,369

17

Kevin Garnett†

PF/C

Minnesota Timberwolves (1995–2007, 2015–2016)Boston Celtics (2007–2013)Brooklyn Nets (2013–2015)

26,071

1,462

17.8

10,505

174

4,887

18

Alex English*

SF

Milwaukee Bucks (1976–1978)Indiana Pacers (1978–1980)Denver Nuggets (1980–1990)Dallas Mavericks (1990–1991)

25,613

1,193

21.5

10,659

18

4,277

19

Carmelo Anthony^

SF

Denver Nuggets (2003–2011)New York Knicks (2011–2017)Oklahoma City Thunder (2017–2018)Houston Rockets (2018–present)

25,488

1,059

24.1

9,114

1,353

5,907

20

Reggie Miller*

SG

Indiana Pacers (1987–2005)

25,279

1,389

18.2

8,241

2,560

6,237

21

Jerry West*

PG/SG

Los Angeles Lakers (1960–1974)

25,192

932

27.0

9,016

0

7,160

22

Vince Carter^

SG/SF

Toronto Raptors (1999–2004)New Jersey Nets (2004–2009)Orlando Magic (2009–2010)Phoenix Suns (2010–2011)Dallas Mavericks (2011–2014)Memphis Grizzlies (2014–2017)Sacramento Kings (2017–2018)Atlanta Hawks (2018–present)

24,915

1,411

17.7

9,005

2,117

4,788

23

Patrick Ewing*

C

New York Knicks (1985–2000)Seattle SuperSonics (2000–2001)Orlando Magic (2001–2002)

24,815

1,183

21.0

9,702

19

5,392

24

Ray Allen*

SG

Milwaukee Bucks (1996–2003)Seattle SuperSonics (2003–2007)Boston Celtics (2007–2012)Miami Heat (2012–2014)

24,505

1,300

18.9

8,567

2,973

4,398

25

Allen Iverson*

SG/PG

Philadelphia 76ers (1996–2006, 2009–2010)Denver Nuggets (2006–2008)Detroit Pistons (2008–2009)Memphis Grizzlies (2009)

24,368

914

26.7

8,467

1,059

6,375

26

Charles Barkley*

PF

Philadelphia 76ers (1984–1992)Phoenix Suns (1992–1996)Houston Rockets (1996–2000)

23,757

1,073

22.1

8,435

538

6,349

27

Robert Parish*

C

Golden State Warriors (1976–1980)Boston Celtics (1980–1994)Charlotte Hornets (1994–1996)Chicago Bulls (1996–1997)

23,334

1,611

14.5

9,614

0

4,106

28

Adrian Dantley*

SF

Buffalo Braves (1976–1977)Indiana Pacers (1977)Los Angeles Lakers (1977–1979)Utah Jazz (1979–1986)Detroit Pistons (1986–1989)Dallas Mavericks (1989–1990)Milwaukee Bucks (1991)

23,177

955

24.3

8,169

7

6,832

29

Elgin Baylor*

SF

Minneapolis/Los Angeles Lakers (1958–1971)

23,149

846

27.4

8,693

0

5,763

30

Clyde Drexler*

SG

Portland Trail Blazers (1983–1995)Houston Rockets (1995–1998)

22,195

1,086

20.4

8,335

827

4,698

31

Dwyane Wade^

SG

Miami Heat (2003–2016, 2018–present)Chicago Bulls (2016–2017) Cleveland Cavaliers (2017–2018)

22,155

988

22.4

8,066

472

5,551

32

Gary Payton*

PG

Seattle SuperSonics (1990–2003)Milwaukee Bucks (2003)Los Angeles Lakers (2003–2004)Boston Celtics (2004–2005)Miami Heat (2005–2007)

21,813

1,335

16.3

8,708

1,132

3,265

33

Larry Bird*

SF/PF

Boston Celtics (1979–1992)

21,791

897

24.3

8,591

649

3,960

34

Hal Greer*

SG/PG

Syracuse Nationals/Philadelphia 76ers (1958–1973)

21,586

1,122

19.2

8,504

0

4,578

35

Kevin Durant^

SF

Seattle SuperSonics/Oklahoma City Thunder (2007–2016)Golden State Warriors (2016–present)

21,139

779

27.1

7,178

1,445

5,338

36

Walt Bellamy*

C

Chicago Packers/Zephyrs/Baltimore Bullets (1961–1965)New York Knicks (1965–1968)Detroit Pistons (1968–1970)Atlanta Hawks (1970–1974)New Orleans Jazz (1974)

20,941

1,043

20.1

7,914

0

5,113

37

Bob Pettit*

PF/C

Milwaukee/St. Louis Hawks (1954–1965)

20,880

792

26.4

7,349

0

6,182

38

Pau Gasol^

C/PF

Memphis Grizzlies (2001–2008)Los Angeles Lakers (2008–2014)Chicago Bulls (2014–2016)San Antonio Spurs (2016–present)

20,815

1,202

17.3

7,951

176

4,737

39

David Robinson*

C

San Antonio Spurs (1989–2003)

20,790

987

21.1

7,365

25

6,035

40

George Gervin*

SG/SF

San Antonio Spurs (1976–1985)Chicago Bulls (1985–1986)

20,708

791

26.2

8,045

77

4,541

41

Mitch Richmond*

SG

Golden State Warriors (1988–1991)Sacramento Kings (1991–1998)Washington Wizards (1999–2001)Los Angeles Lakers (2001–2002)

20,497

976

21.0

7,305

1,326

4,561

42

Joe Johnson^

SG/SF

Boston Celtics (2001–2002)Phoenix Suns (2002–2005)Atlanta Hawks (2005–2012)Brooklyn Nets (2012–2016)Miami Heat (2016)Utah Jazz (2016–2018)Houston Rockets (2018)

20,405

1,276

16.0

7,822

1,978

2,783

43

Tom Chambers

PF

San Diego Clippers (1981–1983)Seattle SuperSonics (1983–1988)Phoenix Suns (1988–1993)Utah Jazz (1993–1995)Charlotte Hornets (1997)Philadelphia 76ers (1997)

20,049

1,107

18.1

7,378

227

5,066

44

Antawn Jamison

PF/SF

Golden State Warriors (1999–2003)Dallas Mavericks (2003–2004)Washington Wizards (2004–2010)Cleveland Cavaliers (2010–2012)Los Angeles Lakers (2012–2013)Los Angeles Clippers (2013–2014)

20,042

1,083

18.5

7,679

1,163

3,521

45

John Stockton*

PG

Utah Jazz (1984–2003)

19,711

1,504

13.1

7,039

845

4,788

46

Bernard King*

SF

New Jersey Nets (1977–1979, 1993)Utah Jazz (1979)Golden State Warriors (1980–1982)New York Knicks (1982–1985, 1987)Washington Bullets (1987–1991)

19,655

874

22.5

7,830

23

3,972

47

Clifford Robinson

PF/SF

Portland Trail Blazers (1989–1997)Phoenix Suns (1997–2001)Detroit Pistons (2001–2003)Golden State Warriors (2003–2005)New Jersey Nets (2005–2007)

19,591

1,380

14.2

7,389

1,253

3,560

48

Walter Davis

SG/SF

Phoenix Suns (1977–1988)Denver Nuggets (1988–1991, 1991–1992)Portland Trail Blazers (1991)

19,521

1,033

18.9

8,118

157

3,128

49

Terry Cummings

PF

San Diego Clippers (1982–1984)Milwaukee Bucks (1984–1989, 1995–1996)San Antonio Spurs (1989–1995)Seattle SuperSonics (1996–1997)Philadelphia 76ers (1997–1998)New York Knicks (1998)Golden State Warriors (1999–2000)

19,460

1,183

16.4

8,045

44

3,326

50

Bob Lanier*

C

Detroit Pistons (1970–1980)Milwaukee Bucks (1980–1984)

19,248

959

20.1

7,761

2

3,724

text: Progressive list of scoring leaders[edit]

text: This is a progressive list of scoring leaders showing how the record increased through the years.[1]

text:
Team abbreviations

Team(s) listed is the one player was on when he established the record.

ATL
Atlanta Hawks
DET
Detroit Pistons
MIL
Milwaukee Bucks
PHX
Phoenix Suns

BOS
Boston Celtics
FTW
Fort Wayne Pistons
MIN
Minnesota Timberwolves
PHW
Philadelphia Warriors

BUF
Buffalo Braves
GSW
Golden State Warriors
MNL
Minneapolis Lakers
SAS
San Antonio Spurs

CHI
Chicago Bulls
HOU
Houston Rockets
NOJ
New Orleans Jazz
SDR
San Diego Rockets

CHS
Chicago Stags
IND
Indiana Pacers
NOP
New Orleans Pelicans
SFW
San Francisco Warriors

CLE
Cleveland Cavaliers
KCO
Kansas City-Omaha Kings
OKC
Oklahoma City Thunder
STL
St. Louis Hawks

DAL
Dallas Mavericks
LAL
Los Angeles Lakers
ORL
Orlando Magic
SYR
Syracuse Nationals

DEN
Denver Nuggets
MIA
Miami Heat
PHI
Philadelphia 76ers
UTA
Utah Jazz

text:
Scoring leader at the end of every season

Season
Year-by-year leader
Points
Active player leader
Total points
Career record
Total points
Single-season record
Points
Season

1946–47
Joe Fulks*000PHW
1,389
Joe Fulks*000PHW
1,389
Joe Fulks*000PHW
1,389
Joe Fulks*000PHW
1,389
1946–47

1947–48
Max Zaslofsky000CHS
1,007
2,338
2,338
1947–48

1948–49
George Mikan*000MNL
1,698
3,898
3,898
George Mikan*000MNL
1,698
1948–49

1949–50
1,865
4,863
4,863
1,865
1949–50

1950–51
1,932
6,099
6,099
1,932
1950–51

1951–52
Paul Arizin*000PHW
1,674
7,021
7,021
1951–52

1952–53
Neil Johnston*000PHW
1,564
George Mikan*000MNL
8,460
George Mikan*000MNL
8,460
1952–53

1953–54
1,759
9,766
9,766
1953–54

1954–55
1,631
Max Zaslofsky000FTW
7,902
1954–55

1955–56
Bob Pettit*000STL
1,849
George Mikan*000MNL
10,156
10,156
1955–56

1956–57
Paul Arizin*000PHW
1,817
Ed Macauley*000STL
10,150
1956–57

1957–58
George Yardley*000DET
2,001
Dolph Schayes*000SYR
11,764
Dolph Schayes*000SYR
11,764
George Yardley*000DET
2,001
1957–58

1958–59
Bob Pettit*000STL
2,105
13,298
13,298
Bob Pettit*000STL
2,105
1958–59

1959–60
Wilt Chamberlain*000PHW 1959–62000SFW 1962–65000PHI 1965–66
2,707
14,987
14,987
Wilt Chamberlain*000PHW
2,707
1959–60

1960–61
3,033
16,855
16,855
3,033
1960–61

1961–62
4,029
17,677
17,677
4,029
1961–62

1962–63
3,586
18,304
18,304
1962–63

1963–64
2,948
Bob Pettit*000STL
19,756
Bob Pettit*000STL
19,756
1963–64

1964–65
2,534
20,880
20,880
1964–65

1965–66
2,649
Wilt Chamberlain*000PHI 1965–68000LAL 1968–73
21,486
Wilt Chamberlain*000PHI 1965–68000LAL 1968–73
21,486
1965–66

1966–67
Rick Barry*000SFW
2,775
23,442
23,442
1966–67

1967–68
Dave Bing*000DET
2,142
25,434
25,434
1967–68

1968–69
Elvin Hayes*000SDR
2,327
27,098
27,098
1968–69

1969–70
Kareem Abdul-Jabbar*000MIL
2,361
27,426
27,426
1969–70

1970–71
2,596
29,122
29,122
1970–71

1971–72
2,822
30,335
30,335
1971–72

1972–73
Tiny Archibald*000KCO
2,719
31,419
31,419
1972–73

1973–74
Bob McAdoo*000BUF
2,261
Oscar Robertson*000MIL
26,710
1973–74

1974–75
2,831
John Havlicek*000BOS
22,389
1974–75

1975–76
2,427
23,678
1975–76

1976–77
Pete Maravich*000NOJ
2,273
25,073
1976–77

1977–78
George Gervin*000SAS
2,232
26,395
1977–78

1978–79
2,365
Kareem Abdul-Jabbar*000LAL
22,141
1978–79

1979–80
2,585
24,175
1979–80

1980–81
Adrian Dantley*000UTA
2,452
26,270
1980–81

1981–82
George Gervin*000SAS
2,551
28,088
1981–82

1982–83
Alex English*000DEN
2,326
29,810
1982–83

1983–84
Adrian Dantley*000UTA
2,418
31,527
Kareem Abdul-Jabbar*000LAL
31,527
1983–84

1984–85
Michael Jordan*000CHI
2,313
33,262
33,262
1984–85

1985–86
Alex English*000DEN
2,414
35,108
35,108
1985–86

1986–87
Michael Jordan*000CHI
3,041
36,474
36,474
1986–87

1987–88
2,868
37,639
37,639
1987–88

1988–89
2,633
38,387
38,387
1988–89

1989–90
2,753
Moses Malone*000ATL 1989–91000MIL 1991–93000PHI 1993–94000SAS 1994–95
24,868
1989–90

1990–91
2,580
25,737
1990–91

1991–92
2,404
27,016
1991–92

1992–93
2,541
27,066
1992–93

1993–94
David Robinson*000SAS
2,383
27,360
1993–94

1994–95
Shaquille O'Neal*000ORL
2,315
27,409
1994–95

1995–96
Michael Jordan*000CHI
2,491
Michael Jordan*000CHI
24,489
1995–96

1996–97
2,431
26,920
1996–97

1997–98
2,357
29,277
1997–98

1998–99
Shaquille O'Neal*000LAL
1,289
Karl Malone*000UTA 1998–2003000LAL 2003–04
28,946
1998–99

1999–00
2,344
31,041
1999–00

2000–01
Jerry Stackhouse00DET
2,380
32,919
2000–01

2001–02
Paul Pierce†000BOS
2,144
34,707
2001–02

2002–03
Kobe Bryant†000LAL
2,461
36,374
2002–03

2003–04
Kevin Garnett†000MIN
1,987
36,928
2003–04

2004–05
Allen Iverson*000PHI
2,302
Reggie Miller*000IND
25,279
2004–05

2005–06
Kobe Bryant†000LAL
2,832
Shaquille O'Neal*000MIA 2005–08000PHO 2008–09000CLE 2009–10000BOS 2010–11
24,764
2005–06

2006–07
2,430
25,454
2006–07

2007–08
2,323
26,286
2007–08

2008–09
Dwyane Wade^000MIA
2,386
27,619
2008–09

2009–10
Kevin Durant^000OKC
2,472
28,255
2009–10

2010–11
2,161
28,596
2010–11

2011–12
1,850
Kobe Bryant†000LAL
29,484
2011–12

2012–13
2,280
31,617
2012–13

2013–14
2,593
31,700
2013–14

2014–15
James Harden^000HOU
2,217
32,482
2014–15

2015–16
2,376
33,643
2015–16

2016–17
Russell Westbrook^000OKC
2,558
Dirk Nowitzki^000DAL
30,260
2016–17

2017–18
LeBron James^000CLE
2,251
31,187
Abdul-Jabbar*0 35 yrs
38,387
Chamberlain*059 yrs
4,029
2017–18

Season
Year-by-year leader
Points
Active player leader
Total points
Career record
Total points
Single-season record
Points
Season


document_title: When Calls the Heart

question_text: who plays mr coulter on when calls the heart

root

text: When Calls the Heart

text: Plot[edit]

text: When Calls the Heart tells the story of Elizabeth Thatcher (Erin Krakow), a young teacher accustomed to her high-society life. She receives her first classroom assignment in Coal Valley, a small coal-mining town in Western Canada which is located just south of Robb, Alberta. There, life is simple—but often fraught with challenges. Elizabeth charms most everyone in Coal Valley, except Royal North West Mounted Police Constable Jack Thornton (Daniel Lissing). He believes Thatcher’s wealthy father has doomed the lawman's career by insisting he be assigned in town to protect the shipping magnate’s daughter. The town of Coal Valley was renamed Hope Valley in Episode 1, Season 2 after the coal mine was closed.

tag: p

text: Living in this 1910 coal town, Elizabeth must learn the ways of the Canadian frontier movement if she wishes to thrive in the rural west on her own. Lori Loughlin portrays Abigail Stanton, whose husband, the foreman of the mine, and her only son—along with 45 other miners—have recently been killed in an explosion, which turns out to have been a tragic accident waiting to happen—a result of the mining-company site manager's irresponsible management and lack of due care in his management of the mine. The newly widowed women find their faith tested when they must go to work in the mine to keep a roof over their heads, food on the table, and compile a wage for the town's teacher.[10]

text: Episodes[edit]

text: SeasonEpisodesOriginally airedFirst airedLast aired112January 11, 2014 (2014-01-11)March 29, 2014 (2014-03-29)27April 25, 2015 (2015-04-25)June 13, 2015 (2015-06-13)New Year's WishDecember 26, 2015 (2015-12-26)38February 21, 2016 (2016-02-21)April 10, 2016 (2016-04-10)ChristmasDecember 25, 2016 (2016-12-25)410February 19, 2017 (2017-02-19)April 23, 2017 (2017-04-23)The Christmas Wishing TreeDecember 25, 2017 (2017-12-25)510February 18, 2018 (2018-02-18)April 22, 2018 (2018-04-22)

tag: table

text: Cast[edit]

text: Main[edit]

text:
Erin Krakow as Elizabeth Thatcher Thornton
Daniel Lissing as Jack Thornton (Seasons 1-5)
Lori Loughlin as Abigail Stanton
Jack Wagner as Bill Avery
Martin Cummins as Henry Gowen
Pascale Hutton as Rosemary LeVeaux Coulter
Kavan Smith as Leland Coulter

tag: ul

text: Recurring[edit]

text:
Paul Greene as Carson Shepherd
Andrea Brooks as Faith Carter
Eva Bourne as Clara Weller Stanton
Aren Buchholz as Jesse Flynn
Carter Ryan Evancic as Cody Hastings
Loretta Walsh as Florence Blakeley
Erica Carroll as Dottie Ramsey
Johannah Newmarch as Molly Sullivan
Mark Humphrey as Frank Hogan
Chelah Horsdal as Cat Montgomery
Mitchell Kummen as Gabe Montgomery
Gracyn Shinyei as Emily Montgomery
Logan Williams as Miles Montgomery
Ben Rosenbaum as Mike Hickam
Ava Grace Cooper as Opal
Charlotte Hegele as Julie Thatcher
Max Lloyd-Jones as Tom Thornton
Brooke Shields as Charlotte Thornton
Ali Skovbye as Becky Hastings
Garwin Sanford as William Thatcher
Lynda Boyd as Grace Thatcher
Devon Weigel as Viola Thatcher
Marcus Rosner as Charles Kensington
Josie Bissett as AJ Foster
Steve Bacic as Charles Spurlock
Kristina Wagner as Nora Avery
Mamie Laverock as Rosaleen Sullivan
Adrian Hough as Reverend Anderson
Will Verchere-Gopaulsingh as Caleb Dunbar
Laura Bertram as Mary Dunbar
Derek Hamilton as Dewitt Graves
Niall Matter as Shane Cantrell (season 4)
Spencer Drever as Cyrus Rivera (season 4)

text: Characters[edit]

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text:
Elizabeth Thatcher Thornton is an independent, strong-minded, passionate and dedicated young teacher from the city. The middle daughter of William and Grace Thatcher, Elizabeth has two sisters, older sister Viola and younger sister Julie.  Elizabeth finds herself in Coal Valley, a small community on the Canadian frontier in need of a teacher, and quickly discovers it is not an easy place to live, lacking the creature comforts and luxuries of her privileged life with her family. She soon meets the newly appointed and charismatic Mountie Jack Thornton and develops an immediate dislike for him. However, over time they become good friends, and develop an obvious attraction to one another. In the final episode of season 1, "Prelude to a Kiss" (also titled as "Final Adieu"), after overcoming many obstacles throughout the season, Jack tells Elizabeth "You're the one, you're the only one" and they share a kiss. Throughout season 2, Elizabeth's feelings for Jack are high at times as well as low. Finally, in the season 2 finale, she admits that his job as a Mountie scares her. After being comforted both admitting that they love each other, Jack and Elizabeth kiss.
Jack Thornton is a laid back country boy. Jack is the son of Mountie Thomas Thornton and his wife Charlotte Thornton. Jack has a younger brother, Tom (named after his father). As a Mountie and a man of stout character and integrity, he often finds himself protecting and saving people. In season 1's "A Telling Silence," Jack finds a basset hound whom he names Rip (after Rip Van Winkle) and takes home with him. A source of comfort and companion in the small town, Jack often goes to Rip when times in his life are difficult. In season 2's "With All My Heart," Rip, who's afraid of thunder, hides in the mine shafts during a storm. Jack and Elizabeth search for him; in their search, their relationship grows stronger. Upon his first meeting of Elizabeth, Jack developed an instant dislike and it appeared she irritated him. However, he grew to like and then fall madly and completely in love with her over time. In "Rules of Engagement" (S.1), it is revealed that Jack was briefly engaged to Rosemary LeVeaux when she comes looking for him. However, they have both changed and realize that they cannot have a relationship as they once did ever again. In "Prelude to a Kiss" (S.1), Jack found out that Elizabeth may be leaving Coal Valley. Taking her on a walk and giving her a framed picture of them that he had sketched, he asks her not to leave Coal Valley and tells her, "You're the one, you're the only one." She replied that she was "not going anywhere", Coal Valley was where she belonged before they share a kiss. In season 2, Elizabeth and Jack share a hot-and-cold relationship until the finale, "With All My Heart." They both admit that they love each other and share another kiss. Jack's brother, Tom, is introduced season 2's "Trials of the Heart," and their rocky relationship continues until "Coming Together, Coming Apart." Jack gently reminds his younger brother how their father was so proud of him, but he wouldn't be proud of the way he was currently living. Both in tears, Jack tells his younger brother that he believes in him and that he can turn his life around. More recently, Jack has become good friends with the sawmill operator, Lee Coulter. In season 3, Jack begins the new year knowing that Elizabeth only has eyes for him and that her relationship with Charles is over for good. In "Hearts In Question," Jack's mother Charlotte shows up unexpectedly. She meets Elizabeth and is suspicious of her, but through staying her sees Elizabeth for who she really is: a trustworthy, dedicated teacher. In the season finale, "Prayers From The Heart," Jack is injured in a flood. But he miraculously recovers in time to serve as Lee's best man at his wedding.
Abigail Stanton is a Coal Valley woman who tragically lost her husband and son in the mining accident. Abigail is a very kind woman, and she stands strongly for the things she believes in. She is one of the first women to welcome Elizabeth and the two women quickly become friends.  When Elizabeth accidentally burns down the little teacherage, Abigail gladly welcomes her into her home to live. After being complimented on her cooking, Abigail decides to open a cafe in Coal Valley. Together, Abigail and Elizabeth move into the rooms above the cafe. At the end of season 1, Abigail enjoys the company of Bill Avery, a Mountie, serving as a Forensic Investigator and friend of Jack Thornton's. In season 2, Abigail takes in her daughter-in-law, Clara, the wife of her late son Peter whom Abigail sees as the daughter she never had. With Bill's past being revealed, Abigail ends their friendship and spends more time with the new pastor, Frank Hogan.  Also, she is a strong independent woman that is set on doing the things that are right and tries to help Elizabeth.
Bill Avery is a mysterious, quiet man. He first appears in season 1's "Rules of Engagement," in order to help Jack expose Mr. Gowen's wrongdoings. Bill is immediately attracted to widow Abigail Stanton. Things are going well until Abigail discovers a picture of Bill's family and his wedding ring. He later tells her that his son died, as well as his wife. However, his wife, Nora, comes to confront him in season 2's "Heart's Desire."
Henry Gowen is a cold, cynical man who formerly owned the coal mine. After the mine was shut down, Henry became the mayor of Hope Valley and still creates a cold, cynical presence whenever people are around him. Henry is highly disliked and feared in the town. He frequently uses bribery to get what he wants, which is never for the good of the town.
Rosemary "Rosie" LeVeaux Coulter is a flamboyant, enthusiastic actress from New York. She was briefly engaged to Jack Thornton, but they both realized that it wouldn't work out. Rosie immediately disliked Elizabeth and viewed her as "the competition," but eventually came to really care about Elizabeth, even if she has a hard time showing it. At the beginning of season 2, Rosemary began working at the cafe with Abigail and the two quickly became friends. Spending time with Abigail helped tone down some of Rosemary's enthusiasm and made her a more likable person. Rosemary even came to like Elizabeth, even if only on an acquaintance level. Truthfully, she cares about everyone in Hope Valley, especially Lee, with whom she shares an mutual attraction. When Rosie is not spending time with Lee, talking to Abigail, or dreaming about the glamorous life of an actress, she can often be found somewhere writing her weekly advice column for Hope Valley's newspaper! In season 3, Rosemary's friendship with Elizabeth deepened. Instead of viewing her as an adversary, she finds a friend in Elizabeth. Throughout season 3, Rosemary's relationship with Lee becomes more romantic. In "Heart Of A Hero," seeing that Lee needs to spend more time at the sawmill to help the new settlers find jobs, Rosemary tells Lee that the theatre doesn't have to be built. He insists, but she says how important his job is. He smiles and tells her he will one day build her theatre, telling her that she is "the best part of his life." The couple shares in their first kiss. In "A Gentle Heart," Lee is injured. Thinking he is asleep, Rosemary pours out her heart to him, telling how much she loves him. In "Heartbreak," Rosemary is offered a job in Hollywood filming. This has always been Rosemary's dream, to be an actress. Lee unselfishly tells her to do whatever she feels best, but it is obvious that the thought of her leaving Hope Valley hurts him. Rosemary considers her options and realizes that her place is in Hope Valley, with Lee. Lee then tells her that he has another "role" that he thinks would be perfect for her and proposes marriage. She happily accepts. In "Hearts In Question," Rosemary enthusiastically plans for their wedding. The couple weds in the season 3 finale "Prayers From The Heart," with Elizabeth and Abigail as her maids of honor.
Leland "Lee" Coulter is a kind, laidback, patient man who opens a sawmill in Hope Valley. When timber becomes Coal Valley's major source of natural resources, the town is renamed Hope Valley.  He shares a mutual attraction to Rosemary and proves to be one of the few people who can outwit her.  When she declines his romantic intentions, Lee recruits his friend, Molly Sullivan, to make Rosemary jealous; the ploy succeeds and Rosemary accepts his suit, appreciating Lee's good qualities.  Despite her dramatic and occasionally prickly personality, Lee's compassion and patience never fails with her.  With Rosemary's help, Lee beat Mr. Gowen at his own game in "Heart and Home."  When not at work, Lee enjoys being with friends, including Jack Thornton, who shares Lee's simple and laidback outlook, allowing the men to discuss their lives and exchange romantic advice. In season 3, Lee's mill is unfortunately sabotaged by a man inside. Through Bill and Jack's investigation, they find the culprit. In season 3's "Heart Of A Hero," Rosemary unselfishly gives up the theatre that Lee promised to build her. Lee promises that one day, he will build her the theatre at a time when he isn't so involved with the sawmill and finding people jobs. In "A Gentle Heart," Lee is injured. Thinking Lee is asleep, Rosemary pours out her heart to Lee, telling him how afraid she was when she heard he had been injured. He however hears each and every word. She told him how much she loves him and to never leave her. In the episode "Heartbreak," Lee thinks Rosemary may leave Hope Valley when she is offered a movie job in Hollywood. When she gives up the movie, seeing her future in Hope Valley with him, he asks her to marry him. The couple weds in the season 3 finale, "Prayers From The Heart." Jack serves the role of Lee's best man.
Julie Thatcher is Elizabeth's hopeless romantic younger sister. She often gets herself into sticky situations by falling head over heels for men who aren't quite what they seem. In season 2 she gets involved with Jack's brother Tom, which causes trouble with her family and for Jack and Elizabeth's relationship.
Cat Montgomery is a kind, encouraging woman in Coal Valley. She is a widow and mother of three: Gabe, Miles, and Emily. Cat was one of the first mothers to show kindness to Elizabeth when she first came. She desperately wants her children to remember the good memories of their father as seen by her self-sacrificing acts in "Secrets and Lies."  Possessing a great sense of teamwork and encouragement, Cat supports the women of Coal Valley while working in the mines in "Cease and Desist." She is good friends with Elizabeth and Abigail. In "These Games," she also helps Jack catch a thief.
Florence Blakeley is a feisty gossip in Hope Valley. She often has a pessimistic perspective and always seems to find the negative, even in a very positive situation. In "Heart and Home," Abigail told Florence what she really thought about her, which causes Florence to rein in her negativity somewhat, though she remains fairly outspoken.  While not always likable, Florence adds spice to life in Hope Valley.
Molly Sullivan is a friend of Lee Coulter and Elizabeth Thatcher. Molly's husband was killed in the mine disaster. She has a daughter Rosaleen. In season 1's "A Telling Silence," Rosaleen has trouble in school because she misses her father so much. When she runs away, Elizabeth finds her in the mine, feeling guilty that she didn't bring her father his lunch the day of the disaster because she wanted to play with a friend instead. She fears her mother will blame her, but Elizabeth convinces her that Molly will "say that she loves her more than life itself." Molly is reunited with her daughter, to the joy of the town's people. In season 2's "With All My Heart," Lee feels it's time to "play hard to get" with Rosemary, so he enlists help from Molly. She pretends to be interested in him romantically. This ploy works and Rosemary admits that she does in fact like him. Molly is a kind woman and was among the first to welcome Elizabeth to town.
Clara Stanton is the wife of Abigail's late son Peter, and is a sweet, quiet, and sensitive young woman.  Abigail never knew she had a daughter-in-law until season 2's "Trials of the Heart;" with Peter having married Clara only three days before he was killed. In "Heart's Desire," Abigail invites Clara to come live with her in Hope Valley, an offer that Clara accepts.
Charles Kensington III is an old friend of Elizabeth with whom she reconnects while in Hamilton. He is interested in her, though her feelings for Jack get in the way of their relationship.

text: Production[edit]

text: The series, originally planned to be filmed in Colorado, is filmed south of Vancouver, British Columbia, on a farm surrounded by vineyards. The fictional frontier town of Coal Valley was erected in late 2013. Some of the set trimmings and a stage coach came from the Hell on Wheels set.[11] The Thatcher home is the University Women's Club of Vancouver.[12]

text: The series was renewed for a second season,[13] which aired from April 25 to June 13, 2015. Hallmark Channel announced in July 2015 that the series had been renewed for a third season, which aired from February 21 to April 10, 2016,[14] with a sneak peek airing during the 2015 Christmas season.[15]

text: In mid-2016, it was announced that Season 4 would premiere on the Hallmark Channel Christmas Day with a two-hour special. On April 11, 2016, Lissing and Krakow announced via the series' Facebook page that Hallmark Channel had renewed the series for a fourth season, which aired from February 19 to April 23, 2017.[16][17]

text: Filming for season five began in Vancouver on August 22, 2017, and ended on December 21, 2017.[18][19]

text: Broadcast[edit]

text: The first season of the series was subsequently picked up by CBC Television for rebroadcast as a summer series in 2015.[20] The network has since aired all five seasons.[21][22] The series became available internationally on Netflix in August 2017.


document_title: Three-point field goal

question_text: when did the nba institute the 3 point shot

text: Three-point field goal

text: History[edit]

text: The three-point line was first tested at the collegiate level in a 1945 NCAA game between Columbia and Fordham but it was not kept as a rule. At the direction of Abe Saperstein, the American Basketball League became the first basketball league to institute the rule in 1961. Its three-point line was a radius of 25 feet (7.62 m) from the baskets, except along the sides.[2] The Eastern Professional Basketball League followed in its 1963–64 season.

text: The three-point shot later became popularized by the American Basketball Association after its introduction in the 1967–68 season. Then commissioner of the ABA George Mikan stated the three-pointer "would give the smaller player a chance to score and open up the defense to make the game more enjoyable for the fans."[3] During the 1970s, the ABA used the three-point shot, along with the slam dunk, as a marketing tool to compete with the National Basketball Association (NBA).

text: In the 1979–80 season, after having tested it in the previous pre-season, the NBA adopted the three-point line despite the view of many that it was a gimmick.[4] Chris Ford of the Boston Celtics is widely credited with making the first three-point shot in NBA history on October 12, 1979. Kevin Grevey of the Washington Bullets also made one on the same day.

text: The sport's international governing body, FIBA, introduced the three-point line in 1984, at a distance of 6.25 m (20 ft 6 in).

text: The NCAA's Southern Conference became the first collegiate conference to use the three-point rule, adopting a 22-foot (6.71 m) line for the 1980–81 season.[5][6] Ronnie Carr of Western Carolina University was the first to score a three-point field goal in college basketball history on November 29, 1980.[6][7][8] Over the following five years, NCAA conferences differed in their use of the rule and distance required for a three-pointer. The line was as close as 17 ft 9 in (5.41 m) in the Atlantic Coast Conference, and as far away as 22 feet in the Big Sky Conference.[9] Used in conference play, it was adopted by the NCAA for the 1986–87 men's season at 19 ft 9 in (6.02 m), and was first used in the NCAA Tournament in 1987.[10] In the same 1986–87 season, the NCAA adopted the three-pointer in women's basketball on an experimental basis, using the same 19 ft 9 in distance, and made its use mandatory beginning in 1987–88.[11] In 2007, the NCAA lengthened the men's three-point distance to 20 ft 9 in (6.32 m), with the rule coming into effect at the beginning of the 2008–09 season.[12] The NCAA women's three-point distance was moved to match the men's distance in 2011–12.[11] American high schools, along with elementary and middle schools, adopted a 19 ft 9 in (6.02 m) line nationally in 1987, a year after the NCAA.[13]

text: During the 1994–95, 1995–96, and 1996–97 seasons, the NBA attempted to address decreased scoring by shortening the distance of the line from 23 ft 9 in (7.24 m) (22 ft (6.71 m) at the corners) to a uniform 22 ft (6.71 m) around the basket. From the 1997–98 season on, the NBA reverted the line to its original distance of 23 ft 9 in (22 ft at the corners, with a 3 inch differential). Ray Allen is currently the NBA all-time leader in career made three-pointers with 2,973.[14]

text: In 2008, FIBA announced that the distance would be increased by 50 cm (19.69 in) to 6.75 m (22 ft 1 3⁄4 in), with the change being phased in beginning in October 2010. In December 2012, the WNBA announced that it would be using FIBA's distance, too, as of the 2013 season. The NBA has discussed adding a four-point line, according to president Rod Thorn.[15]

text: Rule specifications[edit]

text: A three-point line consists of an arc at a set radius measured from the point on the floor directly below the center of the basket, and two parallel lines equidistant from each sideline extending from the nearest end line to the point at which they intersect the arc. In the NBA and FIBA standard, the arc spans the width of the court until it is a specified minimum distance from each sideline. The three-point line then becomes parallel to the sidelines from those points to the baseline. The unusual formation of the three-point line at these levels allows players some space from which to attempt a three-point shot at the corners of the court; the arc would be less than 2 feet (0.61 m) from each sideline at the corners if it was a continuous arc. In the NCAA and American high school standards, the arc spans 180° around the basket, then becomes parallel to the sidelines from the plane of the basket center to the baseline (5 feet 3 inches or 1.60 metres). The distance of the three-point line to the center of the hoop varies by level:

text:
Arc radius
Minimum distance from sidelines

National Basketball Association
23 feet 9 inches (7.24 m)
3 feet (0.91 m)
[16]

FIBA (also used by WNBA)
6.75 meters (22 ft 2 in)
0.90 meters (2 ft 11 in)
[17]

National Collegiate Athletic Association
20 feet 9 inches (6.32 m)
4 feet 3 inches (1.30 m)
[18]

American High school basketball
19 feet 9 inches (6.02 m)
5 feet 3 inches (1.60 m)
[19]

text: A player's feet must be completely behind the three-point line at the time of the shot or jump in order to make a three-point attempt; if the player's feet are on or in front of the line, it is a two-point attempt. A player is allowed to jump from outside the line and land inside the line to make a three-point attempt, as long as the ball is released in mid-air.

text: An official raises his/her arm with three fingers extended to signal the shot attempt. If the attempt is successful, he/she raises his/her other arm with all fingers fully extended in manner similar to a football official signifying successful field goal to indicate the three-point goal. The official must recognize it for it to count as three points. Instant replay has sometimes been used, depending on league rules. The NBA,[20] WNBA, FIBA and the NCAA specifically allow replay for this purpose. In NBA, FIBA, and WNBA games, video replay does not have to occur immediately following a shot; play can continue and the officials can adjust the scoring later in the game, after reviewing the video. However, in late game situations, play may be paused pending a review.

text: If a shooter is fouled while attempting a three-pointer and subsequently misses the shot, the shooter is awarded three free-throw attempts. If a player completes a three-pointer while being fouled, the player is awarded one free-throw for a possible 4-point play. Conceivably, if a player completed a three-pointer while being fouled, and that foul was ruled as either a Flagrant 1 or a Flagrant 2 foul, the player would be awarded two free throws for a possible 5-point play.

text: Related concepts[edit]

text: Major League Lacrosse features a two-point line which forms a 15-yard (14 m) arc around the front of the goal. Shots taken from behind this line count for two points, as opposed to the standard one point.

text: In gridiron football, a standard field goal is worth three points; various professional and semi-pro leagues have experimented with four-point field goals. NFL Europe and the Stars Football League adopted a rule similar to basketball's three-point line in which an additional point was awarded for longer field goals; in both leagues any field goal of 50 yards (46 m) or more was worth four points. The Arena Football League awards four points for any successful drop kicked field goal (like the three-point shot, the drop kick is more challenging than a standard place kick, as the bounce of the ball makes a kick less predictable, and arena football also uses narrower goal posts for all kicks than the outdoor game does).

text: During the existence of the World Hockey Association in the 1970s, there were proposals for two-point hockey goals for shots taken beyond an established distance (one proposal was a 44-foot (13.4m) arc, which would have intersected the faceoff circles), but this proposal gained little support and faded after the WHA merged with the NHL. It was widely believed that long-distance shots in hockey had little direct relation to skill (usually resulting more from goalies' vision being screened or obscured), plus with the lower scoring intrinsic to the sport a two-point goal was seen as disruptive of the structure of the game.

text: The Super Goal is a similar concept in Australian rules football, in which a 50-meter (55 yd) arc determines the value of a goal; within the arc, it is the usual 6 points, but 9 points are scored for a "super goal" scored from outside the arc. To date the super goal is only used in pre-season games and not in the season proper.[21]

text: The National Professional Soccer League II, which awarded two points for all goals except those on the power play, also used a three-point line, drawn 45 feet (14 m) from the goal. It has since been adopted by some other indoor soccer leagues.


document_title: Chennai Super Kings

question_text: who is the captain of chennai super king

text: Chennai Super Kings

text: Franchise history[edit]

text: In September 2007, the Board of Control for Cricket in India (BCCI) announced the establishment of the Indian Premier League, a Twenty20 competition to be started in 2008.[7] In January 2008, the BCCI unveiled the owners of eight city-based franchises. The Chennai franchise was sold to the India Cements for $91 million, making it the fourth most expensive team in the league behind Mumbai, Bangalore and Hyderabad.[8] India Cements acquired the rights to the franchise for 10 years. Former ICC Chairman N. Srinivasan was the de facto owner of the Chennai Super Kings, by means of his position as the vice-chairman and managing director of India Cements Ltd. The franchisee was transferred to a separate entity named Chennai Super Kings Cricket Ltd., after the Supreme Court of India struck down the controversial amendment to the BCCI constitution's clause 6.2.4 that allowed board officials to have a commercial interest in the IPL and the Champions League T20 on January 22, 2015.[9]

text: Team history[edit]

text: 2008–2009: First seasons[edit]

text: During the first player auctions for the inaugural IPL season conducted in January 2008, the Chennai franchise bought a number of contemporary star cricketers such as Mahendra Singh Dhoni, Matthew Hayden, Stephen Fleming, Muttiah Muralitharan and Michael Hussey.[10] Dhoni became the costliest player of the auction, as the Chennai franchise bought him for $1.5 million.[11] The franchise named Dhoni as the captain of the team and appointed Kepler Wessels as the head coach.[12] They played their first game on 19 April 2008 against Kings XI Punjab at Mohali. The Super Kings won the game by 33 runs after posting 240/5 in 20 overs, which was the highest total of the tournament, a record surpassed by themselves in 2010.[13] The Super Kings ended the league stage with eight wins from 14 games and finished third on the points table.[14] They beat the Kings XI Punjab by 9 wickets in the semifinal.[15] The Super Kings faced the Rajasthan Royals in the final of the IPL at Mumbai. Batting first, the Super Kings scored 163/5 in 20 overs and lost the game by 3 wickets off the final delivery of the match.[16] They also earned a spot in the inaugural Champions League Twenty20 along with Rajasthan, but the tournament was cancelled due to the 2008 Mumbai Attacks and the Super Kings, along with Rajasthan, received $5 million each as compensation.[17] Fleming, who had decided to retire from all forms of the game after the first season of the IPL, took over as the coach of the Super Kings team from Wessels for the next season which was to be held in South Africa.

text: For the 2009 season, the Super Kings bought English all-rounder Andrew Flintoff for $1.55 million at the auction making him the highest-paid IPL cricketer along with English teammate Kevin Pietersen who was bought for the same amount by Royal Challengers Bangalore.[18] However, Flintoff played only 3 matches for them before suffering a knee injury that ruled him out of the season. The Super Kings were also without the services of Hussey who had decided to skip the IPL season to focus on The Ashes.[19] The Super Kings finished with 17 points from 14 matches and earned a second place at the league table.[20] However, at the semi-finals, their hopes of entering the final for a second time were crushed by the Royal Challengers who beat them by 6 wickets.[21] The Super Kings opener Matthew Hayden, who scored 572 runs in 12 innings with 5 half-centuries at an average of 52 and strike-rate of 145, won the Orange Cap for the leading run-scorer of the season[22] and was also adjudged Player of the Tournament.

text: 2010: IPL and CLT20 double[edit]

text: In 2010, the Super Kings struggled in the first half of the regular season, winning only two matches out of seven. They won four of their next five games in the season mainly due to the efforts of Murali Vijay and Suresh Raina. After a defeat at home to the Delhi Daredevils, the Super Kings were left with a must-win match against Kings XI Punjab at Dharamsala. The Super Kings won the match by six wickets as they chased down the target of 193 with two balls to spare with skipper Dhoni scoring an unbeaten 54 from 29 balls.[23] Thus, with seven wins from 14 matches, Chennai finished with the same number of points as three other teams with two semi-final spots at stake. Chennai got the third place as they had the better net run rate of the four teams which finished on 14 points.[24] In the semifinal, the Super Kings scored a modest 142/7 in 20 overs against the defending champions Deccan Chargers. But an inspired bowling spell from Doug Bollinger (4/13 in four overs) did the most damage as the Chargers were bowled out for 104. This gave the Super Kings a 38-run victory that took them to the final.[25] The Super Kings faced the tournament favorites Mumbai Indians at their home ground in the final.[26] Suresh Raina's 57 (35) helped the Super Kings recover from 68/3 after 12 overs to put up 168/5 at the end of their 20 overs. Then, their spin duo of Ravichandran Ashwin and Muralitharan conceded only 41 runs in the 8 overs bowled between them to help the Super Kings won the game by 22 runs and secure their first ever IPL title.[27] With this, the Super Kings also qualified for the 2010 Champions League Twenty20 that was held in South Africa.

text: At the Champions League, the Super Kings were placed in Group A along with champions of Twenty20 competitions from Australia, South Africa, New Zealand and Sri Lanka. The Super Kings topped the Group table with three wins and a Super Over defeat to the Victorian Bushrangers.[28] In the semi-final at Durban, the Super Kings comprehensively defeated IPL rivals Royal Challengers Bangalore by 52 runs. Raina won the Man of the match for his unbeaten 94 off 48 balls.[29] The Super Kings played their first CLT20 final at Johannesburg where they beat the Chevrolet Warriors by 8 wickets, becoming the first IPL team to win the CLT20.[30] Murali Vijay won not only the Man of the Match in the final for his 58 but also the Golden Bat for scoring the most runs in the tournament and Ashwin, who was the leading wicket-taker, was adjudged the Player of the Series. At the end of the season, Matthew Hayden decided to retire from the IPL.

text: In 2011, as two new teams were added to the IPL, the IPL Governing Council declared that each franchise could retain a maximum of four players of their squad, only three of whom can be Indian players, and the rest of the international players would be put in the mega-auction. The Chennai franchise, keen to have the same set of core players, retained captain MS Dhoni, vice-captain Suresh Raina, Murali Vijay and all-rounder Albie Morkel for a total of $4.5 million. The retention left them with the power of spending only $4.5 million at the mega-auction. At the auction, they bought back some of their star players of previous seasons such as Hussey, Ashwin, Bollinger and Subramaniam Badrinath. In the 2011 IPL, they lost three of their first five games which placed them at the bottom of the ten-team points table.[31] But then, they went on to win seven of their next eight games to finish second and register a spot in the knockout stages. They faced the top-ranked team Royal Challengers Bangalore in the Qualifying final which they won by 6 wickets thanks to an unbeaten 73 from Suresh Raina.[32] In the final, they faced the same opponents again, which was held at their home ground Chepauk. Vijay and Hussey put on a 133-run first-wicket partnership that helped the Super Kings to post a total of 205/5. Their bowlers, then, restricted Bangalore to only 147 to take the Super Kings to second consecutive title in the IPL. Vijay was awarded Man of the Match for his match-winning innings of 95.[33] CSK also won all their home games that season becoming the first team in IPL to achieve the feat. However at the Champions League later that year, they won only one out of their four group matches and finished at the bottom.[34]

text: In 2012, the franchise signed up Indian all-rounder Ravindra Jadeja for $2 million at the players' auction.[35] They got off to a rather slow start in the regular season, winning only five of their first 12 games which put them in doubt of qualifying for the Playoffs. Then they won three of their last four matches and qualified for the Playoffs with a better net run rate than the Royal Challengers who also finished with the same number of points.[36] In the Eliminator, they beat the Mumbai Indians by 38 runs before comprehensively beating the table-toppers Delhi Daredevils in the Qualifying final by 86 runs. Murali Vijay, who struck his second IPL hundred (113 off 58 balls), won the Man of the Match.[37] At the final, the Super Kings were defeated by 5 wickets by the Kolkata Knight Riders who chased down the target of 191 with two balls to spare, thus denying the Super Kings a hat-trick of titles in the IPL.[38] At the Champions League, once again they could not progress past the group stage with two wins and two defeats.[39]

text: In 2013, the Super Kings strengthened their bowling attack by signing up five overseas and five Indian bowlers.[40] In the IPL season, they finished first in the points table with 11 wins from 16 matches and qualified for the Playoffs and 2013 CLT20.[41] This was the first time in six seasons that the Super Kings had topped the league table of the IPL. During the season, they also equaled Royal Challengers Bangalore's 2011 record for most wins in succession in the IPL (7 wins on trot).[42] In the first Qualifier at Delhi against Mumbai Indians, the Super Kings posted 192/1 in 20 overs riding on unbeaten half-centuries from Hussey (86* off 58 balls) and Raina (82* off 42 balls) before bowling out their opponents for 144.[43] Thus they entered the final of the IPL for the fourth time in succession where they would play the same opponents, Mumbai Indians, at Kolkata. At the final, batting first, the Mumbai Indians made 148/9 in their 20 overs. In reply, the Super Kings were reduced to 39/6 at one stage before an unbeaten half-century from skipper Dhoni took them close to the target. However, Mumbai Indians won the match by 23 runs to win their first ever IPL title.[44] Super Kings opening batsman Michael Hussey, who scored 733 runs that season at an average of 52, won the Orange Cap for the most runs in the season while all-rounder Dwayne Bravo won the Purple Cap for bagging the most wickets (32).[45] The Super Kings gained direct qualification for the 2013 CLT20 which was held in India in September–October. They were placed in Group B alongside Brisbane Heat, Sunrisers Hyderabad, Titans and Trinidad & Tobago. They won their first three games before losing the final group match against Trinidad & Tobago. With 12 points from four matches,[46] the Super Kings progressed to the semifinals where they suffered a 14-run defeat at the hands of the Rajasthan Royals at Jaipur.[47]

text: In 2014, before the players' mega-auction, Chennai retained Dhoni, Raina, Jadeja, Ashwin and Bravo. The retention left them with a purse of ₹21 crores to spend at the auction. At the auction, the franchise bought the likes of Brendon McCullum, Dwayne Smith, Faf du Plessis, Ashish Nehra, Mohit Sharma among others. The first phase of the IPL season, as it coincided with the general elections, was held in UAE. The second phase returned to India, but the Super Kings' home matches were shifted from Chennai, due to "a deadlock between stadium authorities and the state administration", to JSCA International Stadium in Ranchi.[48][49] The Super Kings started the season with a defeat in the opening match, after which they went on to win eight of their next nine matches to take the first spot in the points table. However, they suffered a loss of form towards the end of the regular season which resulted in three consecutive defeats.[50] They won their last league fixture and finished third in the points table and qualified for the Eliminator against the fourth-placed Mumbai Indians. They won the Eliminator at Mumbai by 7 wickets and qualified for the Qualifier. At the Qualifier against Kings XI Punjab, the Super Kings won the toss and elected to field. Punjab went on to score 226/6 in their 20 overs. The Super Kings, in reply, could manage only 202/7 despite a 25-ball 87 from Raina.[51] They crashed out of the IPL, but, on account of finishing third, qualified for the main event of the 2014 CLT20. In the group stage of the CLT20, the Super Kings won two matches, lost one while another match was a no result. Thus with 10 points they finished second in the group table[52] and qualified for the semifinal where they met the unbeaten team of the other group, Kings XI Punjab. After being put in to bat, the Super Kings posted 182/7 in 20 overs thanks to Bravo who scored a 39-ball 67. Then their bowlers reduced Punjab to 34/6 in the eighth over, and Punjab were eventually bowled out for 117.[53] At the final in Bangalore, the Super Kings faced the IPL champions Kolkata Knight Riders who set them a target of 181 in 20 overs. Raina guided the run-chase with an unbeaten 109 off 62 balls, helping the team to an eight-wicket win and their second CLT20 title.[54] Super Kings spinner Pawan Negi who took 5/22 during Kolkata's innings won the Man of the Match, and Raina, who finished as the highest run-getter of the tournament, was awarded Man of the Tournament.[55]

text: In 2015, before the players' auction, Chennai Super Kings gave away Ben Hilfenhaus, John Hastings, Vijay Shankar and David Hussey. At the auction they bought back Michael Hussey for a price of Rs.1.5 crores. They also bought Kyle Abbott, Irfan Pathan, Andrew Tye, Eklavya Dwivedi, Ankush Bains, Pratyush Singh and Rahul Sharma. In the final, they lost against Mumbai.[56]

text: Home ground[edit]

text:
Home record of the Super Kings

Matches
Wins
Losses
Tie/NR
Success Rate

In IPL
39
26
13
0
66.67%

In CLT20
4
3
1
0
75%

Overall
43
29
14
0
67.44%

text: The home ground of the Super Kings is the historic M. A. Chidambaram Stadium (commonly called "The Chepauk") located in Chennai. The stadium is named after former BCCI President M. A. Chidambaram. It is the oldest stadium in India which is in continuous use. The stadium is owned by the Tamil Nadu Cricket Association and has a seating capacity of 50,000 as of May 2013.[57] In 2010, the stadium underwent a major renovation for hosting some of the matches of the 2011 ICC Cricket World Cup. The seating capacity was increased from 36,000 to 50,000 and three new stands were established during this renovation.

text: The Super Kings have a 67.44% win record at this venue, which is often referred to as "Fortress Chepauk"[58] and "Lions' den".[59] In the 2011 season, the Super Kings won all their home games (8 matches) including the final against Royal Challengers Bangalore. The Super Kings thus became the first team to win all their home games in a season and also the first team to win the tournament at home.

text: In 2014, Chennai Super Kings played all their home matches at Ranchi due to issues with Government of Tamil Nadu.

text: Players[edit]

text: Mahendra Singh Dhoni, who was the captain of the Indian limited-overs team in 2008, was bought by the Super Kings for $1.5 million at the 2008 players' auction. He was the most expensive player in the IPL until 2009 when the Super Kings signed up English all-rounder Andrew Flintoff for $1.55 million, he is not a part of the team now. Dhoni is the most successful captain in the IPL having led the team to Six finals(Runners up 2008, 2012, 2013, 2015), winning two(2010, 2011). He has a success rate of 61.05% as captain which is the best among all captains in the IPL who have captained in at least 20 games.[60]

text: The vice-captain of the team since the first season is Suresh Raina. Raina is the most capped player in the history of IPL and has not missed a single match for the Super Kings till date.[61] He is currently the highest run-scorer in the history of IPL and the only player to have scored more than 400 runs till 2014.[62] He also holds the record for most catches in IPL.[63]

text:
Australian batsman Michael Hussey has the best batting average for the Super Kings.[64] He was the first batsman from the Super Kings to score a century in the IPL. After Matthew Hayden's retirement in 2010, Hussey took over his place of opening batsman and was the team's leading run-scorer in 2011 and 2013 seasons.[65][66] Murali Vijay, who played for the team from 2009 to 2013, is the only Indian batsman to have scored two centuries in the IPL. Super Kings' spinner Ravichandran Ashwin has the third best economy rate in IPL (6.53)[67] and is the leading wicket-taker for the team
.[68]

text: Team identity[edit]

text: Team name and logo design[edit]

text: The Chennai franchise named the team as Chennai Super Kings to honor the rulers of the Tamil empire. The word "super" is used commonly in southern India especially in Tamil Nadu. The team name also derives from India Cements' brand "Coromandel King".[69]

text: The team logo features the head of a roaring lion in orange and the team name rendered in blue. The crown above the team name is the same as that used in the logo of the brand Coromandel King. According to the logo designers, since lion is the king of the jungle, the roaring lion logo reflects the team name. The details of the logo signifies various qualities such as youth, vibrancy, solid performance orientation and fiery spirit.[70]

text: Jersey colours[edit]

text: The team's primary colour is yellow with blue and orange stripes on either sides of the jersey. The jersey also incorporates the roaring lion logo in the center of the shirt below the logo of the main sponsor Aircel. The basic look of the jersey has remained same from the first season with no changes except for the sponsor placement. The kit manufacturer until 2014 was Reebok and from 2015, Australian Apparel and Sports Gear manufacturer Spartan manufactures kits for the team.

text: Sponsors[edit]

text: Telecom service provider Aircel became the team's first shirt sponsor after they signed a three-year deal in 2008. They acquired branding rights on the players uniform including shirts and hats during IPL, rights for in-stadia branding, and sponsoring man-of-the-match awards for matches played in Chennai.[71] In 2011, Aircel renewed its sponsorship contract by paying more than ₹ 850 million. According to The Economic Times, it is the most expensive sponsorship deal in IPL.[72] Besides Aircel, the team also has sponsorship deals with Gulf Oil, Pepsi, Reebok and Usha. In 2013, they signed up Nissan Motors and VGN as associate sponsors.[73] In April 2014, the team signed up UST Global as its principal sponsor for a three-year period.[74]

text:
Year
Kit Manufacturers
Shirt Sponsor (Chest)
Shirt Sponsor (Back)

2008
Reebok
Aircel
India Cements

2009

2010

2011

2012

2013

2014

2015
Spartan

text: Star ambassadors[edit]

text: Actor Vijay and Actress Nayanthara are the star ambassadors.

text: Theme song[edit]

text: The title song,composed by Melody Brahma "Manisharma" which comes in the stadium gained the much popularity.And the theme song is the famous Whistle Podu designed by Aravind-Shankar (duo of Aravind Murali and Jaishankar Iyer). Although the track was created only for YouTube in 2008, it gained popularity during the 2009 season and later became the team's theme song. The video of the song represents the street dance form of dappangutthu which is very popular among certain communities in Tamil Nadu. It is also a folk dance and music genre employed in Tamil cinema. The recordings of some of the Super Kings players whistling were used in the video.[75]

text: Rivalries[edit]

text: The Chennai Super Kings have active rivalries with the Mumbai Indians and the Royal Challengers Bangalore. The Super Kings and Mumbai Indians have played against each other more number of times than any other two teams in the IPL.[76] They are the two most successful IPL teams and often termed as "big spenders" at the players auction.[77][78] The two sides have met each other at the final of the IPL thrice, with Mumbai winning two of them and Chennai winning once.

text: The rivalry with Royal Challengers Bangalore stems from the Kaveri River water dispute between the states of Karnataka and Tamil Nadu. The rivalry is also called "Kaveri derby" and "South Indian derby".[79][80][81] The Super Kings beat the Royal Challengers in the final of the 2011 IPL, the only meeting between the two teams at an IPL final.

text: Financial worth[edit]

text: The Economic Times commissioned UK-based Brand Finance to carry out brand evaluation of the IPL and also each of the eight franchise teams (that was increased to 10 in 2011). Chennai Super Kings was rated as the "most valuable team" in the Indian Premier League in 2010–11, with a brand value of $100 million (app ₹ 2.24 billion).[82] In February 2013, London based Brand Finance evaluated the top 150 most valuable teams in the world, in which Chennai Super Kings is placed in the 147th place valued at $46 million just behind the Mumbai Indians.[83]

text: Controversies[edit]

text: Until September 2008, BCCI regulation, Clause 6.2.4 stated that "No administrator could have, directly or indirectly, any commercial interest in the matches or events conducted by the board". However, N. Srinivasan, who was then the treasurer and vice-chairman of BCCI, became the de facto owner of the Chennai Super Kings since he was the Managing Director of India Cements. Former BCCI President A. C. Muthiah wrote to the BCCI regarding the violation of this clause in 2008 but the BCCI did not respond. In September 2008, Muthiah went to the Madras High Court to restrain BCCI from allowing Srinivasan to participate in the general body meeting where the election was to be held. However, the suit was dismissed by the High Court and the following day, Srinivasan was elected as the Secretary of BCCI.[84] The clause was amended as "No administrator shall have, directly or indirectly, any commercial interest in any of the events of the BCCI, excluding IPL, Champions League and Twenty20".[85] Muthiah then moved to the Supreme Court which gave a split verdict in April 2011. Later in August 2011, Muthiah filed another petition to stop Srinivasan from taking over as the BCCI President[86] but the Supreme Court rejected the petition, and Srinivasan was elected the President of BCCI.[87]

text: In 2011, the owners of other teams were concerned about the possible rigging that could have taken place in the IPL auctions. Nita Ambani, the owner of Mumbai Indians questioned the changing the order of players just before the auction began.[88] Former IPL chairman Lalit Modi accused Srinivasan of arm-twisting him and rigging the 2009 IPL auction to ensure that English all-rounder Andrew Flintoff was bought by the Chennai Super Kings while it was refuted by Srinivasan.[89]

text: In May 2013, Gurunath Meiyappan, son-in-law of Srinivasan, was arrested by Mumbai Police on charges of placing bets on IPL matches [90] Meiyappan, who was the Team Principal of the Super Kings, was issued a summons by the Mumbai Police and on interrogation it was found that Meiyappan was in contact with bookies through actor Vindu Dara Singh.[91] Following this, Srinivasan, on 2 June 2013, decided to step aside as BCCI President temporarily until the inquiry into the betting case completed.[92] In February 2014, the three member panel appointed by the Supreme Court of India enquired into the betting case indicted Meiyappan for illegal betting during the 2013 IPL.[93]

text: On 25 March 2014, the Supreme Court of India issued an ultimatum to the BCCI demanding that Srinivasan either step down as President or be removed from his position.[94] On 14 July 2015, the Supreme Court appointed RM Lodha committee suspended the owners of Rajasthan Royals and Chennai Super Kings from the Indian Premier League for a period of two years.[2] On 24 February 2016, the Supreme Court of India agreed to hear a plea for lifting the ban on the Chennai Super Kings.[95]

text: Seasons[edit]

text:
Year
Indian Premier League
Champions League Twenty20

2008
Runners-up
Cancelled (Q)

2009
Semifinalists
DNQ

2010
Champions
Champions

2011
Champions
Group stage

2012
Runners-up
Group stage

2013
Runners-up
Semifinalists

2014
Semifinalists
Champions

2015
Runners-up
Tournament Defunt

Year
Indian Premier League

2016
Suspended

2017
Suspended

2018
Returns

text: IPL 2015 squad[edit]

text:
Players with international caps are listed in bold.
 *  denotes a player who is currently unavailable for selection.
 *  denotes a player who is unavailable for rest of the season.

text:
No.
Name
Nat.
Birth date
Batting style
Bowling style
Signed year
Salary
Notes

Batsmen

3
Suresh Raina

(1986-11-27) 27 November 1986 (age 30)
Left-handed
Right-arm off break
2014
₹95 million (US$1.5 million)
Vice-captain

12
Mithun Manhas

(1979-10-12) 12 October 1979 (age 37)
Right-handed
Right-arm off break
2014
₹1 million (US$16,000)

13
Faf du Plessis

(1984-07-13) 13 July 1984 (age 33)
Right-handed
Right-arm leg break
2014
₹47.5 million (US$740,000)
Overseas

42
Brendon McCullum

(1981-09-27) 27 September 1981 (age 35)
Right-handed
Right-arm medium
2014
₹32.5 million (US$510,000)
Overseas

48
Michael Hussey

(1975-05-27) 27 May 1975 (age 42)
Left-handed
Right-arm medium
2015
₹15 million (US$230,000)
Overseas

All-rounders

5
Baba Aparajith

(1994-07-08) 8 July 1994 (age 23)
Right-handed
Right-arm off break
2014
₹3 million (US$47,000)

8
Ravindra Jadeja

(1988-12-06) 6 December 1988 (age 28)
Left-handed
Slow left-arm orthodox
2014
₹75 million (US$1.2 million)

47
Dwayne Bravo

(1983-10-07) 7 October 1983 (age 33)
Right-handed
Right-arm medium-fast
2014
₹40 million (US$620,000)
Overseas

50
Dwayne Smith

(1983-04-12) 12 April 1983 (age 34)
Right-handed
Right-arm medium-fast
2014
₹45 million (US$700,000)
Overseas

56
Irfan Pathan

(1984-10-27) 27 October 1984 (age 32)
Left-handed
Left-arm medium-fast
2015
₹15 million (US$230,000)

68
Andrew Tye

(1986-12-12) 12 December 1986 (age 30)
Right-handed
Right-arm medium-fast
2015
₹2 million (US$31,000)
Overseas

Wicket-keepers

1
Eklavya Dwivedi

(1988-07-22) 22 July 1988 (age 29)
Right-handed

2015
₹1 million (US$16,000)

7
MS Dhoni

(1981-07-07) 7 July 1981 (age 36)
Right-handed
Right-arm medium
2014
₹125 million (US$1.9 million)
Captain

9
Ankush Bains

(1995-12-06) 6 December 1995 (age 21)
Right-handed

2015
₹1 million (US$16,000)

Bowlers

6
Pawan Negi

(1993-01-06) 6 January 1993 (age 24)
Left-handed
Slow left-arm orthodox
2014
₹1 million (US$16,000)

15
Ishwar Pandey

(1989-08-15) 15 August 1989 (age 28)
Right-handed
Right-arm medium-fast
2014
₹15 million (US$230,000)

18
Mohit Sharma

(1988-09-18) 18 September 1988 (age 29)
Right-handed
Right-arm medium-fast
2014
₹30 million (US$470,000)

19
Pratyush Singh

(1994-09-04) 4 September 1994 (age 23)
Right-handed
Right-arm leg break googly
2015
₹1 million (US$16,000)

21
Matt Henry

(1991-12-14) 14 December 1991 (age 25)
Right-handed
Right-arm fast-medium
2014
₹3 million (US$47,000)
Overseas

22
Ronit More

(1992-02-11) 11 February 1992 (age 25)
Right-handed
Right arm medium-fast
2014
₹1 million (US$16,000)

27
Rahul Sharma

(1986-09-30) 30 September 1986 (age 30)
Right-handed
Right-arm leg break googly
2015
₹3 million (US$47,000)

64
Ashish Nehra

(1979-04-30) 30 April 1979 (age 38)
Right-handed
Left-arm medium-fast
2014
₹20 million (US$310,000)

77
Samuel Badree

(1981-03-09) 9 March 1981 (age 36)
Right-handed
Right-arm leg break
2014
₹3 million (US$47,000)
Overseas

87
Kyle Abbott

(1987-06-18) 18 June 1987 (age 30)
Right-handed
Right-arm fast-medium
2015
₹3 million (US$47,000)
Overseas

99
Ravichandran Ashwin

(1986-09-17) 17 September 1986 (age 31)
Right-handed
Right-arm off break
2014
₹55 million (US$860,000)

text: Administration and support staff[edit]

text:
Owner – Chennai Super Kings Cricket Ltd[96]
Coach – Stephen Fleming[96]
Bowling coach – Andy Bichel[96]
Fielding coach – Steve Rixon[96]
Physical trainer – Gregory King[96]
Physio – Tommy Simsek[96]
Team manager – Radha Krishnan[96]
High Performance analyst – Lakshmi Narayanan[96]
Team Doctor - Dr. Madhu Thottappillil

text: Fixtures and results[edit]

text: Overall results in IPL[edit]

text:
Performance summary in Indian Premier League[97]

Year
Matches
Wins
Losses
No Result
Tied
Success Rate
Position
Summary

2008
16
9
7
0
0
56.25%
2nd
Runners-up

2009
15
8
6
1
0
53.33%
4th
Semi-finalists

2010
16
9
7
0
0
56.25%
1st
Champions

2011
16
11
5
d
0
68.75%
1st
Champions

2012
20
11
8
1
0
57.89%
2nd
Runners-up

2013
18
12
6
0
0
61.11%
2nd
Runners-up

2014
16
10
6
0
0
62.50%
3rd
Playoffs

2015
17
10
7
0
0
58.8%
2nd
Runners-up

2016
Suspended

2017
Suspended

2018
TBD

Total
132
79
51
2
0
59.84

text: Result summary[edit]

text: By opposition[98]

text:
Opposition
Span
Mat
Won
Lost
Tied
NR
Success Rate

Deccan Chargers
2008–2012
10
6
4
0
0
60%

Delhi Daredevils
2008–2015
16
12
4
0
0
75.00%

Kings XI Punjab
2008–2015
16
9
5
1
0
56.25%

Kochi Tuskers Kerala
2011
2
1
1
0
0
50%

Kolkata Knight Riders
2008–2015
16
10
6
0
0
62.50%

Mumbai Indians
2008–2015
22
10
12
0
0
45.45%

Pune Warriors India
2011–2013
6
4
2
0
0
66.67%

Rajasthan Royals
2008–2015
16
10
6
0
0
62.50%

Royal Challengers Bangalore
2008–2015
21
13
7
0
1
61.90%

Sunrisers Hyderabad
2013-2015
6
4
2
0
0
66.67%

Total
2008–2015
128
86
41
1
1
67.18%

text: 2015 season[edit]

text:
No.
Date
Opponent
Venue
Result
Scorecard Link

1
000000002015-04-09-0000April 9, 2015
Delhi Daredevils
Chennai
Won by 1 Run, MoM –  Ashish Nehra 3/25(4 Overs)
Scorecard

2
000000002015-04-11-0000April 11, 2015
Sunrisers Hyderabad
Chennai
Won by 45 Runs, MoM -  Brendon McCullum 100*(56)
Scorecard

3
000000002015-04-17-0000April 17, 2015
Mumbai Indians
Mumbai
Won by 6 wickets, MoM -  Ashish Nehra 3/23(4 Overs)
Scorecard

4
000000002015-04-19-0000April 19, 2015
Rajasthan Royals
Ahmedabad
Lost by 8 Wickets
Scorecard

5
000000002015-04-22-0000April 22, 2015
Royal Challengers Bangalore
Bangalore
Won by 27 Runs, MoM -  Suresh Raina 62 (32)
Scorecard

6
000000002015-04-25-0000April 25, 2015
Kings XI Punjab
Chennai
Won by 97 Runs, MoM -  Brendon McCullum 66(44)
Scorecard

7
000000002015-04-28-0000April 28, 2015
Kolkata Knight Riders
Chennai
Won by 2 Runs, MoM -  Dwayne Bravo 3/22 (3 overs)
Scorecard

8
000000002015-04-30-0000April 30, 2015
Kolkata Knight Riders
Kolkata
Lost by 7 Wickets
Scorecard

9
000000002015-05-02-0000May 2, 2015
Sunrisers Hyderabad
Hyderabad
Lost by 22 runs
Scorecard

10
000000002015-05-04-0000May 4, 2015
Royal Challengers Bangalore
Chennai
Won by 24 Runs, MoM –  Suresh Raina 52 (46)
Scorecard

11
000000002015-05-08-0000May 8, 2015
Mumbai Indians
Chennai
Lost by 6 Wickets
Scorecard

12
000000002015-05-10-0000May 10, 2015
Rajasthan Royals
Chennai
Won by 12 Runs, MoM -  Ravindra Jadeja 4/11(4 Overs)
Scorecard

13
000000002015-05-12-0000May 12, 2015
Delhi Daredevils
Raipur
Lost by 6 Wickets
Scorecard

14
000000002015-05-16-0000May 16, 2015
Kings XI Punjab
Mohali
Won by 7 Wickets MoM -  Pawan Negi 2/25 (4 Overs)
Scorecard

15
000000002015-05-19-0000May 19, 2015
Mumbai Indians (Qualifier 1)
Mumbai
Lost by 25 Runs
Scorecard

16
000000002015-05-22-0000May 22, 2015
Royal Challengers Bangalore (Qualifier 2)
Ranchi
Won by 3 Wickets, MoM -  Ashish Nehra 3/28 (4 Overs)
Scorecard

17
000000002015-05-24-0000May 24, 2015
Mumbai Indians (Final)
Kolkata
Lost by 41 runs

text: Overall results in CLT20[edit]

text:
Performance summary in Champions League[99]

Year
Matches
Wins
Losses
No Result
Success Rate
Summary

2008
Cancelled

2010
6
5
1
0
83.33%
Champions

2011
4
1
3
0
25%
Group stage

2012
4
2
2
0
50%
Group stage

2013
5
3
2
0
60%
Semifinalists

2014
6
4
1
1
66.66%
Champions

Total
25
15
9
1
60.00%

text: Awards and achievements[edit]

text: 2008 Indian Premier League

text:
Runners-up of 2008 Indian Premier League
Fair Play Award Winner[100]
Highest total of the tournament (240/5)[101]
Centuries: (Michael Hussey 116*)[102]
Hat-tricks: (Lakshmipathy Balaji and Makhaya Ntini)[103][104]

text: 2009 Indian Premier League

text:
Semi-finalists of 2009 Indian Premier League
Winner of Orange Cap (Matthew Hayden)[22]
Player of the Tournament (Matthew Hayden)[22]

text: 2010 Indian Premier League

text:
Champions of the 2010 Indian Premier League
Fair Play Award Winner[105]
Highest team total of the tournament (246/5)[106]
Best bowling figures of the tournament (Doug Bollinger )
Highest score in the tournament (Murali Vijay 127)[107]
Centuries (Murali Vijay 127)[107]
IPL Awards: Best Fielder (Suresh Raina)[108]
IPL Awards: Most Economical Bowler (Ravichandran Ashwin)[108]

text: 2010 Champions League

text:
Champions of 2010 Champions League Twenty20
Winner of Golden Bat (Murali Vijay)[109]
Highest individual score (Suresh Raina 94*)[110]
Winner of Golden Wicket (Ravichandran Ashwin)[111]
Best bowling figures of the tournament(Ravichandran Ashwin 4/18)[112]
Player of the Tournament (Ravichandran Ashwin)[113]

text: 2011 Indian Premier League

text:
Champions of the 2011 Indian Premier League
Fair Play Award Winner[114]
Won all home matches[115]

text: 2012 Indian Premier League

text:
Runners-up of 2012 Indian Premier League
Highest team total of the tournament (222/5)[116]
Best bowling figure of the tournament (Ravindra Jadeja 5/16)[117]
Centuries: (Murali Vijay 113)[118]
1st player to score 2000 runs in IPL (Suresh Raina)

text: 2013 Indian Premier League

text:
Runners-up of 2013 Indian Premier League
1st team to register 50 wins in IPL
Fair Play Award Winner
Centuries: (Suresh Raina 100*)[119]
Winner of Orange Cap (Michael Hussey)[120]
Winner of Purple Cap (Dwayne Bravo)[121]

text: 2014 Indian Premier League

text:
Semi-Finalists
Fair Play Award Winner
First Team to play 100 games in IPL
Suresh Raina becomes the first player to play 100 games and score 3000 runs in IPL
Winner of Purple Cap (Mohit Sharma)

text: 2014 Champions League

text:
Champions of 2014 Champions League Twenty20
Centuries: (Suresh Raina 109*)
Player of the Tournament: (Suresh Raina)
Leading Run-Scorer of the Tournament: (Suresh Raina)
Best Bowling Figures of the Tournament: (Pawan Negi)
Maximum Sixes of the Tournament: (Suresh Raina)

text: 2015 Indian Premier league

text:
Runners Up of 2015 Indian Premier League
Fair Play Award Winner
Centuries: (Brendon McCullum 100*)
Best Bowling Figures: (Ashish Nehra) 4/10 (4 Overs)
Winner of Purple Cap: (Dwayne Bravo) 26 wickets
Best catch of the season: (Dwayne Bravo)


document_title: Clifford the Big Red Dog (TV series)

question_text: who is the voice for clifford the big red dog

text: Clifford the Big Red Dog (TV series)

text: Characters[edit]

text: Dogs[edit]

text:
Clifford the Big Red Dog (voiced by John Ritter; Tom Eastwood in the British version): A giant red Labrador Retriever/Vizsla cross. The depiction of Clifford's size is inconsistent; he is often shown as being about 25 feet tall (7.6 m) from paws to head, but can appear far larger. The character is based on the imaginary friend of creator Norman Bridwell's wife.[5] Clifford is devoted to his owner Emily Elizabeth. He is friendly, shy, lovable, loyal, gentle and helpful but sometimes gets into trouble because of his size, or is tempted into trouble by his friends and those he meets. Despite being the protagonist, he seldom has episodes focusing on him, usually serving as the voice-of-reason for his friend's adventures.
Cleo (voiced by Cree Summer; Regine Candler in the British version): An energetic, selfish, trouble-making purple poodle with a tendency to not tell the truth. Her catchphrase is "Have I ever steered you wrong?" which she inadvertently does immediately after. She is one of Clifford's best friends. Her owner is Mrs. Diller.
T-Bone (voiced by Kel Mitchell; Benjamin Small in the British version): A male yellow and orange bulldog with a large appetite. He is often cowardly, clumsy, and cautious, but does have his moments of bravery. He is one of Clifford's best friends. T-Bone is in love with Mimi, another dog who visits from time to time. His owner is Sheriff Lewis.

T-Bone had a best friend named Hamburger (voiced by Kel Mitchell's longtime comedy partner Kenan Thompson) who moved away before Clifford arrived.

Mac (voiced by Cameron Clarke): A male blue greyhound with an inflated sense of self-importance, who shifts between aloofness and wanting to be part of Clifford, Cleo, and T-Bone's circle of friends. Mac competes in dog shows. He can be vain, bossy and selfish. However, he appears to be devoted to his owner Jetta. It is revealed in a few episodes that his name is short for Machiavelli.

text: Humans[edit]

text:
Emily Elizabeth Howard (voiced by Grey DeLisle; Joanna Ruiz in the British version): Clifford's eight-year-old[6] owner. A friendly, curious, and helpful girl. The best skater on the island, and also very good at soccer. Emily Elizabeth adopted Clifford when he was a very small puppy, when her parents gave him to her on her 6th birthday.[7] Emily's love apparently caused Clifford to grow enormous, thus starting their new lives on Birdwell Island. Just like Clifford, she rarely has episodes about her and ends up being the voice of reason. Emily was named for creator Norman Bridwell's daughter and based on the imaginary adventures of Bridwell's wife.[5]

Caroline Howard (also voiced by Grey DeLisle): Emily Elizabeth's mom
Mark Howard (voiced by Cameron Clarke): Emily Elizabeth's dad

Charley (voiced by Gary LeRoi Gray): Emily Elizabeth's best friend and the best soccer player on the Birdwell Birds (the school soccer team). He lives on a houseboat with his father, who owns a restaurant.

Samuel (voiced by Terrence C. Carson): Charley's father and the Jamaican owner of Samuel's Fish and Chips. He is a great storyteller and runs most of the pier.

Jetta Handover (voiced by Kath Soucie): Mac's owner. She is a wealthy, self-centered friend of Emily Elizabeth who is often oblivious to others' feelings. She is often shown leading parades and competing in talent shows as a majorette. Jetta often claims her accomplishments are bigger or better than others' and finds herself humbled when she aims too high to the point where she needs help. Her mother owns one of the island stores and seems somewhat oblivious to Jetta's behavior. She often appears to dislike Clifford, criticizing him for minor accidents caused by his size, but occasionally she will show that she really does like him.

Cosmo Handover (voiced by Debi Derryberry) is the infant brother of Jetta. He is first seen in the episode "And Baby Makes 4".

Vaz (voiced by Ulysses Cuadra): Somewhat clumsy and shy boy who is friends with Emily Elizabeth and Charley.
Sheriff Lewis (voiced by Nick Jameson): T-Bone's owner. The island's sheriff and the soccer coach. He feeds T-Bone often, (explaining why T-Bone is overweight).

He had a best friend named Chief Wilson who moved away with T-Bone's best buddy, Hamburger.

Ms. Diller (voiced by Cree Summer): Cleo's owner.
Horace Bleakman (voiced by Earl Boen) lives with his wife Violet. He is often grumpy and impatient about the noise and mess Clifford inadvertently causes, but he is still a good neighbor and helps Clifford and the others from time to time.
Violet Bleakman (voiced by Edie McClurg) is the first neighbor of the Howards to introduce herself. She is a little more nice, calm, and patient than her cranky husband Horace.
Pedro and Victor (both voiced by Tony Plana) are dock workers who help unload the boat in "Welcome to Birdwell Island".

text: Setting[edit]

text:
Birdwell Island

Series
Clifford the Big Red Dog

Type
Island

First appearance
"My Best Friend"

Last appearance
Clifford's Really Big Movie

text: The TV series takes place in the fictional island of Birdwell Island, where Clifford lives. The name is inspired by Norman Bridwell, the author of the books, but the letters I and R are switched. It is based on Martha's Vineyard, where Bridwell lived.[8]

text: Emily Elizabeth used to live in an apartment in New York City, but she moved away with her parents and Clifford to Birdwell Island because her mother told her that a small apartment is no place for a big dog like Clifford.

text: Format[edit]

text: The series has at least 5 segments in the show, which are:

text:
Theme Song
1st Story - The opening theme is followed by the first central story, which is about the dogs, and a problem they face.
Storytime with Speckle - Between the first and second story, Emily Elizabeth reads Clifford the Speckle Story, a small 60 seconds (approximately) time filler about a fictional dog (Speckle), and his animal friends.
2nd Story - This is followed by another central story, about Emily Elizabeth and her friends.
Clifford's Big Ideas - Before the credits, another 30-second short takes place called Clifford's Big Ideas. The short is basically an animation of an etiquette, a proverb, or basic truth such as "Play Fair", "Help Others", etc., with narration by Emily Elizabeth.

tag: ol

text: Production[edit]

text: This series was produced by Mike Young Productions and Scholastic Studios.

text: Broadcast[edit]

text: Clifford The Big Red Dog is shown on BBC One and Tiny Pop in United Kingdom.

text: Episodes[edit]

text:
Season
Episodes
Originally aired

First aired
Last aired

1
40
September 4, 2000 (2000-09-04)
December 5, 2001 (2001-12-05)

2
25
May 16, 2002 (2002-05-16)
February 25, 2003 (2003-02-25)

text: In other media[edit]

text: Film[edit]

text: In 2004, Warner Bros. Pictures distributed a feature-length animated film based on the show titled Clifford's Really Big Movie. It was about Clifford, Cleo and T-Bone joining an animal show to win a lifetime supply of dog food to provide for Clifford. This was John Ritter's last film as he died on September 11, 2003, after completing voice work for the film. The film was dedicated to his memory. The movie also stars Wayne Brady as Shackleford the Ferret, Judge Reinhold as Amazing Larry, John Goodman as George Wolfsbottom, and Jenna Elfman as Dorothy the Cow. The film also serves as the series finale.

text: Video games[edit]

text: Original series[edit]

text:
Clifford's Reading
Clifford's Thinking Games

text: Modern series[edit]

text:
Clifford's Learning Activities
Clifford's Musical Memory Games
Clifford's Phonics
Clifford's Big Puzzle Game (A Wendy's Kids' Meal DVD game, available for a limited time only)


document_title: Edelweiss (song)

question_text: who sings the song in the man in the high castle

text: Edelweiss (song)

text: Writing of the song[edit]

text: While  The Sound of Music was in tryouts in Boston, Richard Rodgers felt Captain von Trapp should have a song with which he would bid farewell to the Austria he knew and loved.[1] Rodgers and Oscar Hammerstein II decided to write an extra song that Captain von Trapp would sing in the festival concert sequence towards the end of the show.[2] As they were writing it, they felt that this song could also utilize the guitar-playing and folk-singing talents of Theodore Bikel, who had been cast as the Captain.[2] The Lindsay and Crouse script provides the metaphor of the simple edelweiss wildflower as a symbol of the Austria that Captain von Trapp, Maria, and their children knew would live on, in their hearts, despite the Nazi annexation of their homeland. The metaphor of this song builds on an earlier scene when Gretl presents a bouquet of edelweiss flowers to Baroness Elsa Schräder during her visit to the von Trapp household. Rodgers provided a simple, yet haunting and affecting waltz-time melody, to the simple Italian style ritornello lyric that Hammerstein wrote about the appearance of the edelweiss flower. This song turned out to be one of the most beloved songs in the musical, and also one of the best-loved songs of Rodgers and Hammerstein.

text: This song was the last song that Rodgers and Hammerstein wrote together; Hammerstein was suffering from stomach cancer,[3] which would take his life nine months after The Sound of Music opened on Broadway.

text: Film adaptation[edit]

text: Although the stage production uses the song only during the concert sequence, Ernest Lehman's screenplay for the film adaptation uses the song twice. Lehman created a scene that makes extra use of the song. This scene, inspired by a line in the original script by Howard Lindsay and Russel Crouse, calls for Captain von Trapp to sing this song with his children in their family drawing room and rediscover the love he felt for them, with Liesl accompanying him. Lehman also expanded the scope of the song when it was sung in the Salzburg Festival concert scene so that Captain von Trapp and his family would call the crowds to join in the song with him, in defiance of the Nazi soldiers posted around the arena.

text: Misconceptions about the song[edit]

text: The great popularity of the song in the Anglophone world has led many of its audience to believe that it is an Austrian folk song or even the official national anthem.[4] Austria's official anthem is in fact "Land der Berge, Land am Strome" and the anthem used from 1929 until the Anschluss was "Sei gesegnet ohne Ende." The edelweiss is a popular flower in Austria and was featured on the old 1 Schilling coin. It can also now be seen on the 2 cent Euro coin. The flower is protected in Austria and illegal to pick. An "edelweiss" is also worn as a cap emblem by certain Austrian Army and the German Gebirgsjäger (mountain troopers) units stationed in the nearby Bavarian Alps.[5]

text: There is similar confusion about another song co-authored by Hammerstein, "Ol' Man River" from the musical Show Boat, which is widely (though erroneously) believed to be an African-American spiritual[clarification needed].[6] The similarity in misconception about the two songs has been noted by two writers, both of whom see it as tribute to Hammerstein's talents. Alyson McLamore in her book Musical Theater: An Appreciation writes, "The last song to be written for the show was 'Edelweiss,' a tender little homage to a native flower of Austria that has the effect of authentic Austrian folksong, much as 'Ol' Man River' struck listeners as a genuine African American spiritual."[7] Hugh Fordin in his biography of Oscar Hammerstein speaks of "the ability of the authors to simulate the quality of an authentic folk song... 'Ol' Man River' had the ring of a black laborer's song... Thirty years later, 'Edelweiss' was widely believed to be an old Austrian song, though Oscar... composed it for the Sound of Music."[8]

text: Theodore Bikel, in his autobiography, Theo (2002), wrote that, after performances, he was once approached by a native Austrian who said "I love that Edelweiss", and then added with total confidence, "of course, I have known it for a long time, but only in German"[9]

text: Legal problems[edit]

text: The estates of Rodgers and Hammerstein have not authorized the use of alternative lyrics with the melody of the song, making certain commercial uses of those versions potentially infringing if they do not fall under fair use. Rodgers stated that "he would take legal action against any group" using the "Edelweiss" melody with altered words;[10] the current rightsholders comply with his wishes, refusing to grant permission for these commercial requests, which are "inconsistent with the creators' intentions".[11]

text: Other versions[edit]

text: This article may contain indiscriminate, excessive, or irrelevant examples. Please improve the article by adding more descriptive text and removing less pertinent examples. See Wikipedia's guide to writing better articles for further suggestions. (July 2017)

text: This section needs additional citations for verification. Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. (February 2014) (Learn how and when to remove this template message)

text:
Theodore Bikel, who originated the role of Captain von Trapp on Broadway, performed "Edelweiss" (as a duet with Mary Martin) on the original cast album, and included it in his album, In My Own Lifetime - 12 Musical Theater Classics.
Playback singer Bill Lee dubbed the singing voice of Christopher Plummer as Captain von Trapp in the 1965 film adaptation, and its soundtrack album, which included this song.
Josephine Siao Fong-Fong (蕭芳芳) performed a Chinese (Cantonese) version of the song in the 1967 film, Lightning Killer (閃電煞星).[12][13]
The Belgian performer Michael Junior performed this song in his concerts.
German Americans play the same tune every year during the Oktoberfest in Hard Bargain Farm, Maryland, with the ringing of cowbells.
The Irish group Tony and The Graduates had a #7 hit in the Irish Charts with their cover version in November 1966.
The English singer Vince Hill reached #2 in the UK Singles Chart in 1967 with his cover version of the track.[14]
The Canadian singer Sarah Slean has performed the song as a singalong in her concerts.
Linda Eder recorded a version of the song for her 2003 album, Broadway, My Way.
10-year-old Hollie Steel performed the song on the third series of Britain's Got Talent and infamously broke down halfway through due to nerves.[15] It is also due to be her second single, for her album, Hollie, which was released on 29 March 2010.
Elaine Paige recorded the song for her 2006 album, Essential Musicals.
The virtual singer Megurine Luka performed this song.
The song was featured in a comedy skit performed by Seth MacFarlane and Alex Borstein on Seth and Alex's Almost Live Comedy Show, in which Borstein opposes MacFarlane's singing of the song, only to be jokingly reminded that, as a result of the Holocaust, Borstein's only competition as a female Jewish comedian in Hollywood is Sarah Silverman. Borstein then joins MacFarlane in singing the song.
Bryn Terfel has included this song in his 1996 Rodgers & Hammerstein album, Something Wonderful: Bryn Terfel Sings Rodgers and Hammerstein.
Julie Andrews has recorded it for her Richard Rodgers tribute album Broadway: The Music of Richard Rodgers.
Iranian singer Farhad Mehrad performed it in both Persian and English in opposition to Iran's post-revolutionary regime, pointing the similarities between Iran after revolution and Austria under Nazi occupation.
Austrian singers, Sigrid & Marina made a recording of the song in 2009.
André Rieu has recorded his own arrangement and released it on his 2002 album, Dreaming.
Tanya Donelly, best known for her work with Throwing Muses, The Breeders, and Belly recorded a version of the song which was self-released as a free download on her website, circa 2001.
Joe Junior and Sire Ma performed this song in their roles as Louis Kim and Kim Yee-Wah respectively in TVB's 2012 series Bullet Brain.
The Voice Australia contestant Celia Pavey performed and recorded Edelweiss in May 2013.
Andy Conaghan recorded the song for ABC Classics as part of a compilation album, I Dreamed a Dream: The Hit Songs of Broadway in 2013.[16]
Stephen Moyer performed the song as part of his role as Captain Georg von Trapp during the December 2013 television broadcast of The Sound of Music Live! on NBC.
The song is frequently performed by The von Trapps, the real life great-grandchildren of the Captain and Maria. It appears on their A Capella album and on their 2014 album, the latter of which is also a duet with Charmian Carr (who played Liesl in the movie).
A performance by Jeanette Olsson is used as the opening sequence music for the Amazon Original Series The Man in the High Castle.[17]
Singer/songwriter Lady Gaga performed the song along with a medley of others from the musical as part of a tribute to commemorate the 50th Anniversary of the film at the 87th Academy Awards.
Victor Garber, as his character Martin Stein impersonating Max Lorenz in a Nazi-run Parisian Nightclub, sang a cover of this song in Legends of Tomorrow.[18]