document_title: Friday Night Lights (film)

question_text: who wins at the end of friday night lights

text: Friday Night Lights (film)

text: Plot[edit]

text: As preseason practice begins for the Permian High School football team in August 1988, the town of Odessa, Texas has high expectations for the players and their coach Gary Gaines to win a state championship with their star running back James "Boobie" Miles. The quarterback, Mike Winchell, runs under the expectation of handing off the ball to Miles on most plays. Fullback Don Billingsley struggles with his ball handling and is abused by his alcoholic father Charles, who won a state championship with Permian. The players frequently party as they deal with the pressures of Odessa's expectations.

text: In the season opener against the Marshall Bulldogs, the Permian Panthers make the game a blowout. Gaines intends to bench Miles in the waning minutes, but keeps him in after third-stringer Chris Comer is unprepared to go in. Miles tears his ACL after being tackled at the knee, and afterwards Gaines is widely criticized by the town for keeping Miles in. In the next game during the start of district play, Permian gets blown out as Winchell struggles with consistency in his increased role and the second-string running back gets hurt. Comer goes in, but avoids contact, and discussion arises about Gaines losing his job. However, the Panthers start winning again as Winchell and Comer improve, and safety Brian Chavez and linebacker Ivory Christian emerge as defensive standouts.

text: Miles holds out hope that he can return to playing soon, and although his MRI scan shows otherwise, he rejects it and lies to Gaines so he can suit up again, with his uncle and guardian L.V. backing him up. Permian plays its final district game against Midland Lee, with first place and a playoff spot on the line. The Panthers fall behind, and Gaines puts Miles in out of desperation, but Miles is soon injured again. Winchell leads a comeback drive, but Permian loses as his final pass flies over the receiver's hands. After the game, Billingsley fights with his drunk father, who throws his state championship ring onto the side of the freeway. The next morning, Don reveals to his father that he recovered the championship ring and gives it back to him. Charles partially apologizes and makes the point that his state championship was the best thing that happened to him, and he now has nothing happy except those memories. The loss puts Permian in a three-way tie for first place with Lee and Abilene Cooper, and a coin toss is held to determine which two teams make the playoffs. Permian and Lee win the toss, and as the Panthers prepare for the playoffs, Miles clears his locker. While in his uncle's car, he cries about his future in football becoming bleak.

text: Permian is successful in the playoffs, but all eyes are on the state powerhouse Dallas Carter High School. Permian and Carter make it to the state championship game, which is held at the Astrodome due to the schools' different demographics. Miles rejoins the team and watches from the sidelines as the Panthers head into the game. They are initially overwhelmed by Carter's superior size and fall behind, but mount a comeback in the second half to pull within one score. The defense improves its tackling, and the offense pushes through despite injuries. After a defensive stop, Winchell, Comer, and Billingsley mount a final drive, but Comer and Billingsley are injured. Billingsley goes back in, and holds onto the ball for a big run, but it is called back for a holding penalty. On fourth down, Winchell is stopped just short of the goal line as the clock runs out, and Carter wins the championship.

text: Afterwards, Gaines removes the outgoing seniors from his depth chart, and it is revealed that Winchell, Billingsley, Miles, and Chavez went on to have successful lives after their football careers ended, with only Christian receiving a Division I scholarship. The movie ends with the statement that Gaines and Comer led Permian to an undefeated state championship season the following year.

text: Cast[edit]

text:
Billy Bob Thornton as Coach Gary Gaines
Lucas Black as Mike Winchell
Garrett Hedlund as Don Billingsley
Derek Luke as James "Boobie" Miles
Jay Hernandez as Brian Chavez
Lee Jackson III as Ivory Christian
Lee Thompson Young as Chris Comer
Tim McGraw as Charles Billingsley

text: B. T. (Bob Thomas) Stone as Slammin' Sammy Stands

text:
Grover Coulson as L.V. Miles
Connie Britton as Sharon Gaines
Julius Tennon as Coach Freddie James
Connie Cooper as Ms. Winchell
Amber Heard as Maria
Kasey Stevens as Flippy
Rutherford Cravens as Kansas Weslyan Recruiter
Stephen Bishop as Loie Harris
Katherine Willis as Booster Wife
Christian Kane as Brian
Brad Leland as John Aubrey
Tim Crowley, Gary Vaught, and Lee Mack Turner as Championship game officials

text: Cameo roles[edit]

text:
Former NFL wide receiver Roy Williams (a Permian alumnus) had a cameo in the movie as an assistant coach for Midland Lee, Permian's arch-rival.
Some sequences during the state playoffs showed highlights from high school football games in Texas. In one of those highlights, NFL Pro Bowl cornerback Aqib Talib can be seen.
Ty Law played a wide receiver for Dallas Carter, the team Permian played in the movie's state championship game. He wore jersey #2, his last name was Graf, and he caught a one-handed touchdown pass.
The real James "Boobie" Miles played a Permian assistant coach in the film. Although he has no lines, he was seen several times. In the locker room scene at halftime of the state championship game, he was seen standing next to the fictional "Boobie" Miles as Coach Gaines gives his speech.

text: Differences between the movie and events[edit]

text: Players[edit]

text:
In the movie, Boobie Miles was depicted as one of the team's three captains, but that honor was held by Ivory Christian, Mike Winchell and Brian Chavez in real life.
In the movie, some of the players' numbers and positions were changed: Boobie Miles was #45 and played tailback in the movie, but in the book he was playing fullback (while Don Billingsley was the tailback) and #35. In the movie, Brian Chavez was the #4 strong safety, while he was the #85 tight end in the book, and Ivory Christian was a defensive end and wore #90, while he was the #62 middle ("Mike") linebacker in the book. At the beginning of the film, as the camera panned over Coach Gaines' depth chart, 'Miles' name was listed under the FB tag. Chris Comer was also the backup fullback in the book, not a third-string tailback. One of the athletic directors in the stadium booth said, "I think he's a sophomore", when Comer was a junior at the time. Comer also wore #45 in the real season, but in the movie he wore #42. Alan Wyles was depicted as a wide receiver when he was the placekicker.
Don Billingsley's father Charlie was depicted in the movie as having won a state championship. In reality, as a junior, the 1968 Permian team lost in the finals.

text: The regular season[edit]

text: In the movie, the team was depicted as practicing in full pads and with full contact on the first day of practice. Under rules of the University Interscholastic League (UIL), the governing body for Texas public school sports, teams cannot use pads or hit until the 4th day of practice (however, in the deleted scenes included in the DVD, a non-pad practice was shown).

text:
A Permian booster was heard toasting Coach Gaines' second season as Permian's head coach. It was his third.
Boobie Miles, in the book, injured his leg by getting his foot caught on the AstroTurf during a pre-season scrimmage against Amarillo Palo Duro at Jones Stadium in Lubbock. In the movie, he was tackled by two players at the knee during a blowout non-district game at Ratliff Stadium.
In the movie, the top-ranked Permian Panthers defeated the hapless Marshall Bulldogs in a non-district game. In real life, the third-ranked Marshall Mavericks (whose colors are red and white, not purple and gold) defeated fourth-ranked Permian 13-12. In the movie, the game was the season opener and played on a Friday night in Odessa. In real life, it was Permian's second game of the season, and played at Maverick Stadium in Marshall on a Saturday afternoon. Permian's football team chartered a jet for the 500+ mile trip from Odessa to Marshall, spawning controversy on the cost of the trip. Played before a crowd of more than 12,000 fans at Maverick Stadium, the game was on a searing September afternoon where the temperature topped 100 degrees Fahrenheit (38 °C). The footage shown in the movie was from a game against the Midland High Bulldogs, who weren't mentioned in the movie. Permian defeated the Dawgs 42-0 in district play, but the two teams ended up in a three-way tie along with Midland Lee for the district title.
In the movie, district play began in week 2. In the real regular season, district play began in week 4.
In the movie, Permian defeated "North Shore Galena" in a mid-season (presumably district) game. In reality, North Shore High School was within the Galena Park Independent School District located in the Houston suburbs over 500 miles (800 km) southeast of Odessa. Although North Shore and Permian have both been 5A football powerhouses, they have never played.  Furthermore, North Shore did not start seeing football success until the mid 1990s.
In reality, the three teams tied for best district record were Permian, Midland Lee, and Midland High, all with 5-1 district records. In the movie, Permian and Lee were joined not by Midland but by Abilene Cooper, and each team had two district losses. The tie breaking coin flip was held at a truck stop outside of Midland, and Midland High lost (Cooper in the movie), so Permian and Lee went on. Midland High's missing the playoffs was poignant as it had not been to the playoffs since 1951 and did not get back to post-season play until 2002.
A Permian player was shown with coach Gaines at the coin toss. In reality, no players from any of the three schools were allowed at the coin toss. All of Permian's players were on the team bus returning from the game that evening at San Angelo Central. Permian assistant coach Mike Belew drove with Gaines from San Angelo to the site of the coin toss.
In a few scenes, players were shown wearing Under Armour apparel and facemask shields, although in 1988, Under Armour and visors hadn't been invented yet. (Under Armour founder Kevin Plank was in high school in 1988.)  The book says they wore green visors, which are now outlawed for high school and college teams.
In the movie, the annual duel against Permian's archrival Midland Lee was portrayed as Lee having a handy lead throughout the game with Permian never having a shot at the victory. In real life, Lee had to come from behind with a late-game touchdown to win the game 22-21.

text: The playoffs[edit]

text:
Permian's first opponent in the playoffs was Amarillo Tascosa and not Dallas Jesuit as in the movie. In 1988, Texas Public Schools (such as Permian, Carter, and Tascosa) and private schools (such as Jesuit) competed in separate leagues with separate playoffs. Jesuit was not allowed to join the previously all-public school UIL until 2003, starting football competition in 2004. Dallas Jesuit and Strake Jesuit of Houston were the only private schools who currently play in the UIL, the rest competing in leagues such as TAPPS and the SPC. Also, with the district setup at that time, it would have been impossible for Permian to play a team from the Dallas/Fort Worth Metroplex until the third round for the playoffs. Nowadays, Permian could play Fort Worth-area teams in the first round of the playoffs, but still could not play Jesuit until round 3. Permian played Dallas Jesuit in Odessa during the regular season in 1988, winning 48-2. Jesuit's only points came on a missed-PAT return, which was a rule instituted that year (the defensive conversion was not allowed in high school football under National Federation of State High School Associations rules, but Texas played by NCAA rules). Jesuit's helmet was shown as white and orange with a sort of wildcat's head logo on it, but in real life they are solid gold without a logo.
In the movie, it was said that Carter was the state's top-ranked team, when Carter was never ranked higher than No. 3 in the Associated Press poll.
Carter played "Hays" High School in the playoffs, which was depicted as wearing green and white and nicknamed the Rams. The real Jack C. Hays High School, located 15 minutes south of Austin in Buda, used red, white, and blue as its colors, and their nickname was the Rebels. Hays was a Class 4A school in 1988 and did not become 5A until 2000. Hays was in the movie because the makers filmed crowd shots at Hays High during a Rebels home game against the Austin Westlake Chaparrals, another team depicted as a Permian playoff victim.
Permian was depicted as playing "San Angelo" in the quarterfinal round. There were two high schools in the San Angelo Independent School District; until 1998, San Angelo Central High School, the district's only 5A school had been in the same district as Permian (having since been transferred, for football only, to the district with Lubbock and Amarillo schools), and could only have played Permian in the quarterfinal round (owing to the structure of UIL playoffs) if they had qualified. However, Central finished 5th in the district that year, and as only two teams from each district qualified in 1988, Permian and Central did not play in the 1988 playoffs. Instead, Permian played Arlington Lamar in the quarterfinals.
On the playoff brackets it shows just the word "Baytown".  There were two high schools in Baytown in 1988 (there are now three), the team in the playoffs was Baytown Lee.

text: Permian vs. Carter[edit]

text:
Since 1982, the UIL Class 5A (now 6A) football playoffs have had six rounds (though a second, parallel playoff bracket of five rounds was added in 1990, later also expanded to six rounds in 2006), so while Permian played Dallas Carter in the fifth round, it was a semi-final and not a final. In the Texas playoffs, a team from North or Western Texas always plays a team from the Houston area or Southern Texas in the final,[2] so the Carter vs Permian final was not possible. The real-life final featured Carter versus Converse Judson (which defeated Permian in the 1995 state championship). The Carter-Permian game was played in front of 10,000 people in a heavy downpour at The University of Texas at Austin's Memorial Stadium, not in front of 55,000 in the Astrodome in Houston. While the game in the movie was a high-scoring affair (34-28), the real score was 14-9 in favor of Carter. In real life, Permian held a 9-7 lead for most of the game and Carter made the dramatic fourth quarter comeback to win. On the last play of the game, Winchell threw the ball incomplete, rather than running it himself close to the goal line.
The meeting between officials from Permian and Carter at the Midland airport occurred the Sunday prior to the game. Not shown in the movie was the Carter officials changing their minds about a home site from Texas Stadium in Irving to the Cotton Bowl within the Dallas city limits. Under UIL rules, if the schools cannot agree to a neutral site, each side picks a "home" site and a "neutral" site, and two coin tosses are conducted. The first was to determine whether a "home" or "neutral" site will be used, and the second to determine which team's site will be used. After a tense battle between the sides, they agreed to play the game at Austin.
In the movie, Gaines suggested at first suggests San Antonio as a potential neutral site, which would have meant playing the game at Alamo Stadium, since the Alamodome did not open until 1993. The other neutral site suggestion in the movie was College Station, presumably meaning Kyle Field at Texas A&M.
The revocation of Carter's state championship following their use of an academically ineligible player was never mentioned, nor was the prolonged legal battle that Carter went through to enable them to play in the playoffs. Officially, the 1988 state champions were Converse Judson, which lost 31-14 in the final to Carter.  Furthermore, Carter was portrayed in the movie as a stereotypical "inner city thug" team (likely due to the shocking series of armed robberies committed by several players after the season ended); Carter at the time was located in a middle-class African-American neighborhood and was not known for dirty play.

text: The school and the city[edit]

text:
Permian was portrayed in the movie as a single large high school in a small, one-horse town in West Texas. In reality, Odessa was a city of nearly 100,000 people at the time of the events portrayed in the movie, and part of a metropolitan area of nearly 250,000 combining the populations of Midland and Ector counties. (The quaint downtown shown in the trailer for the movie was Manhattan, Kansas.) Also, Permian was (and still is) only one of two large Class 5A high schools in Odessa. The other and first high school in the city, Odessa High School (mascot: the Bronchos), was never mentioned in the movie, despite the fact that they have played Permian every year, as the two schools have been in the same UIL district since Permian opened in 1959 and shared Ratliff Stadium with Permian. An entire chapter in the book was devoted to the "Civil War" between the schools.
In the movie, Odessa was portrayed as being a mostly Anglo town with a sizable African-American population and virtually no Hispanics. In 1988, out of the almost 100,000 people that lived in Odessa, one-third were Hispanic while African-Americans made up only 5% of the population.
Ratliff Stadium was depicted as the location for Permian football practices. In reality, the team practiced mostly on campus, and the stadium, used by both Permian and Odessa, was on the outskirts of town in a fairly unpopulated area about three miles (five km) away from the Permian High campus. It was also unlikely that children would be playing touch football near the stadium, as depicted in the movie, as few houses were nearby at that time. The area around the stadium has grown dramatically since then (which caused an anachronism in the movie—the houses seen near the stadium did not yet exist in 1988).
While Ratliff Stadium has had artificial turf since its opening, in 1988 it had the original AstroTurf, not the modern FieldTurf surface seen on the stadium in the film.

text: Soundtrack[edit]

text: The soundtrack for the film predominantly featured post-rock band Explosions in the Sky. Music by Daniel Lanois and rock band Bad Company were also included. Other songs in the film were "Just Got Paid" by ZZ Top during the montage of the Panthers' road to the finals; the pump up song featured as the team ran through the tunnel in the game against Dallas Carter was "New Noise" by the seminal Swedish punk band Refused. During the start of the third quarter during the Championship game, the song "I Wanna Be Your Dog" by The Stooges was used.  Three songs from Public Enemy's album It Takes a Nation of Millions to Hold Us Back were also used prominently.

text: Reception[edit]

text: Critical reception[edit]

text: Reviews of the film were highly positive. The film received an 81% "Certified Fresh" rating on Rotten Tomatoes, based on 168 reviews, and the consensus stated: "An acute survey of the football-obsessed heartland that succeeds as both a stirring drama and a rousing sports movie."[3] The film also has a score of 70/100 on Metacritic, based on 35 reviews.[4]

text: While the residents of Odessa held a negative reception of the book, they eagerly anticipated the release of the film.[5]

text: Accolades[edit]

text: The film was recognized by American Film Institute in these lists:

text:
2004: AFI'S Top 10 Film of the Year
2008: AFI's 10 Top 10:
Nominated Sports Film[6]


document_title: Depurination

question_text: what is the most common cause of depurination

root

text: Depurination

text: Depurination is a chemical reaction of purine deoxyribonucleosides, deoxyadenosine and deoxyguanosine, and ribonucleosides, adenosine or guanosine, in which the β-N-glycosidic bond is hydrolytically cleaved releasing a nucleic base, adenine or guanine, respectively. The second product of depurination of deoxyribonucleosides and ribonucleosides is sugar, 2’-deoxyribose and ribose, respectively. More complex compounds containing nucleoside residues, nucleotides and nucleic acids, also suffer from depurination. Deoxyribonucleosides and their derivatives are substantially more prone to depurination than their corresponding ribonucleoside counterparts. Loss of pyrimidine bases (Cytosine and Thymine) occurs by a similar mechanism, but at a substantially lower rate.

tag: p

text: When depurination occurs with DNA, it leads to the formation of apurinic site and results in an alteration of the structure. Studies estimate that as many as 5,000 purines are lost this way each day in a typical human cell.[1] In cells, one of the main causes of depurination is the presence of endogenous metabolites undergoing chemical reactions. Apurinic sites in double-stranded DNA are efficiently repaired by portions of the base excision repair (BER) pathway. Depurinated bases in single-stranded DNA undergoing replication can lead to mutations, because in the absence of information from the complementary strand, BER can add an incorrect base at the apurinic site, resulting in either a transition or transversion mutation.[2]

text: Depurination is known to play a major role in cancer initiation.[3]

text: Hydrolytic depurination is one of the principal forms of damage to ancient DNA in fossil or subfossil material, since the base remains unrepaired. This results in both loss of information (the base sequence), and difficulties in recovery and in vitro replication of the damaged molecule by the polymerase chain reaction.

text: Chemistry of the reaction[edit]

text: Depurination is not uncommon because purine is a good leaving group via the 9N-nitrogen (see the structure of a purine). Furthermore, the anomeric carbon is especially reactive towards nucleophilic substitution (effectively making the carbon-oxygen bond shorter, stronger and more polar, while making the carbon-purine bond longer and weaker). This makes the bond especially susceptible to hydrolysis.

text: In chemical synthesis of oligonucleotides, depurination is one of the major factors limiting the length of synthetic oligonucleotides.[4]


document_title: Montgomery Biscuits

question_text: where did the name montgomery biscuits come from

text: Montgomery Biscuits

text: Franchise history[edit]

text: Orlando[edit]

text: The franchise joined the Southern League in 1973 as the Orlando Twins, a minor-league affiliate of the Minnesota Twins, which held spring training in Orlando, Florida at the time. The Orlando Twins played at Tinker Field in downtown Orlando, near the Florida Citrus Bowl Stadium. In 1990, the team was renamed the Orlando Sun Rays. In 1993, the Chicago Cubs became the team's new major-league affiliate, and the team was renamed the Orlando Cubs. While still a Chicago Cubs affiliate, the team renamed itself again in 1997 and became the Orlando Rays. The following year, for one season only, the Seattle Mariners were the Rays' major-league affiliate. The Tampa Bay Devil Rays, an American League expansion team in 1998, assumed the Orlando Rays' major-league affiliation the following year.

text: The Orlando Rays' last season at Tinker Field was 1999. From 2000 to 2003, the Orlando Rays played in Lake Buena Vista, Florida, in Champion Stadium at Walt Disney World Resort. Despite the fact that the team played in a state-of-the-art stadium that was built in 1997 and used during spring training by the Atlanta Braves, attendance did not meet expectations; after trailing the Southern League in attendance in multiple years, the Rays' owners announced the team would move to Montgomery in 2004 (terminating their 10-year lease with Disney after four seasons).[3]

text: While in Orlando, the franchise won three Southern League championships: in 1981 (as the Twins), 1991 (as the Sun Rays), and 1999 (as the Rays).

text: Montgomery[edit]

text: The Biscuits became Montgomery's first Major League Baseball-affiliated team since 1980, when the Montgomery Rebels, a Detroit Tigers affiliate, played their final season in the Southern League at Montgomery's Paterson Field. The Biscuits' owners, Sherrie Myers and Tom Dickson, were selected from six different ownership groups during an extensive search for a public-private partner by the City of Montgomery. Myers and Dickson selected the team's nickname from over 4,000 entries in a "name the team" contest, due in part to tying into indigenous affiliation and potential marketing and pun possibilities (for example, "Hey, Butter, Butter, Butter" or the team's souvenir store, the "Biscuit Basket"). Several successful minor league teams have campy, quirky names to relate to families and kids. During games, biscuits are shot from an air cannon, into the stands.  The official team colors are Butter and Blue.

text: On September 15, 2006, in just their third year of existence, the Biscuits defeated the Huntsville Stars to win the team's first Southern League championship in Montgomery. One year later, in 2007, the Biscuits again defeated the Huntsville Stars to win their second consecutive Southern League championship. They became the first team since the 1975 to 1977 Montgomery Rebels to win back-to-back championships.

text: The Biscuits were sold to a group of investors led by Richmond Flying Squirrels owner Lou DiBella in a transaction that closed on April 27, 2017.[1]

text: Mascot[edit]

text: Their mascots are "Big Mo", an orange beast that loves biscuits,[4] and "Monty", an anthropomorphized buttermilk biscuit. Monty appears in the logo and on the hat. The mascot for the Orlando Rays was "Spike", a bear.[5] The origin of Spike is unknown but presumed to predate the Devil Rays, as the club has been controlled by the Cubs and by the Twins (who have a bear mascot, T.C. Bear).

text: In 2014, a new live mascot was introduced and also named with a contest in which 4,800 entires submitted ideas for a micro-mini pot belly pig which became Miss Gravy, Duchess of Pork.

text: Notable alumni[edit]

text: Major League Baseball players who played for the Biscuits (or earlier incarnations) include:

text:
Dewon Brazelton
Jorge Cantu
Carl Crawford
Matt Diaz
Joey Gathright
Chad Gaudin
Jonny Gomes
Toby Hall
Jason Hammel
Scott Kazmir
Kevin Kiermaier
Evan Longoria
Seth McClung
David Price
Shawn Riggans
Juan Salas
James Shields
Andy Sonnanstine
B. J. Upton
Delmon Young
Stephen Vogt
Mikie Mahtook
Taylor Motter

tag: ul

text: Roster[edit]

text:
Montgomery Biscuits rostervte

Players

Coaches/Other

Pitchers

24 Ruben Alaniz
15 Kyle Bird
27 Genesis Cabrera
-- Edwin Fierro
34 Mike Franco
-- Greg Harris
26 Jordan Harrison
36 Reece Karalus
-- Chris Kirsch
31 Matt Krook
17 Zach Lee
32 Eduar Lopez
30 J. D. Martin
29 Dalton Moats
11 Benton Moss
28 Travis Ott
-- Colin Poche  ∞
33 Austin Wright

Catchers

 8 Mac James
 7 Brett Sullivan
Infielders

 3 Jake Cronenworth
-- Grant Kay
 9 Dalton Kelly
35 Nathaniel Lowe
 4 Jermaine Palacios
 5 Michael Russell
14 Nick Solak
Outfielders

23 Ryan Boldt
 2 Nathan Lukes
21 Thomas Milone
Designated hitters

16 Michael Brosseau

Manager

22 Brady Williams
Coaches

18 R. C. Lichtenstein  (pitching)
44 Jamie Nelson (coach)
20 Gary Redus (coach)

 7-day disabled list
* On Tampa Bay Rays 40-man roster
# Rehab assignment
∞ Reserve list
‡ Restricted list
§ Suspended list
† Temporary inactive list
Roster  updated July 7, 2018
Transactions
→ More rosters: MiLB • Southern League
→ Tampa Bay Rays minor league players

tag: table

text: Television and radio[edit]

text: All Montgomery Biscuits games are televised live on MiLB.TV and select games are also televised live on WSFA. WMSP 740 AM provides radio broadcasts of games. Since 2016, the Biscuits play-by-play commentator is Chris Adams-Wall.


document_title: Grimm (season 2)

question_text: when does nick tell hank he is a grimm

question_tokens: when does nick tell hank he is a grimm

text: Grimm (season 2)

text: Cast[edit]

text: Main cast[edit]

text:
David Giuntoli as Nick Burkhardt
Russell Hornsby as Hank Griffin
Bitsie Tulloch as Juliette Silverton
Silas Weir Mitchell as Monroe
Sasha Roiz as Captain Sean Renard
Reggie Lee as Sergeant Drew Wu
Bree Turner as Rosalee Calvert
Claire Coffee as Adalind Schade

text: Recurring cast[edit]

text:
Robert Blanche as Franco
Christian Lagadec as Sebastien
Danny Bruno as Bud Wurstner
James Frain as Eric Renard
Mary McDonald-Lewis as Frau Pech
Sharon Sachs as Dr. Harper
Shohreh Aghdashloo as Stefania Vaduva Popescu
Michael Grant Terry as Ryan Smulson
Bertila Damas as Pilar
Reg E. Cathey as Baron Samedi
Mary Elizabeth Mastrantonio as Kelly Burkhardt
Jessica Tuck as Catherine Schade
Lisa Vidal as Lauren Castro
Mike Dopud as Marnassier
Jim Crino as Leroy Estes
Robert Alan Barnett as Matthew

text: Production[edit]

text: On March 16, 2012, NBC announced that the series had been renewed for a second season with a 22-episode order.[1][2] Bree Turner, who plays Rosalee Calvert, joined the main cast from the beginning of season two.[3] Production began on May 30[4] for an August 13 premiere.[5] Claire Coffee, who plays Adalind Schade, was also upgraded to a series regular for season two, which began from episode 12.[6]

text: The first four episodes debuted on Monday nights at 10 pm before moving back to Friday nights at 9 pm starting September 28. The fall finale aired on November 16. New episodes returned on March 8, 2013. The show was moved to Tuesday nights beginning with episode 19.[7]

text: Russell Hornsby injured his Achilles tendon near the end of production of the second season. His character was written out as "on vacation" for two episodes (Volcanalis and Endangered) to give Hornsby time to undergo surgery.[8][9]

text: Episodes[edit]

text:
No.
overall
No. in
season
Title
Directed by
Written by
Original air date
Prod.
code
U.S. viewers
(millions)

23
1
"Bad Teeth"
Norberto Barba
Jim Kouf & David Greenwalt
August 13, 2012 (2012-08-13)
201
5.64[10]

Nick learns that his mother has come back, to save him; Juliette is still in her coma from the spell that Adalind put her under, while Monroe and Rosalee work against the clock to try to wake her up. Nick is on the case of a man found murdered in the harbor, and his mother believes that she can help. When the beast that killed that man attacks the FBI agents working the case, he lures Nick there so that he can kill him. When Nick arrives, the beast comes up behind him.

Opening quote: "The blood-dimmed tide is loosed, and everywhere the ceremony of innocence is drowned."

24
2
"The Kiss"
Terrence O'Hara
Jim Kouf & David Greenwalt
August 20, 2012 (2012-08-20)
202
4.90[11]

Nick's mother kills the beast and Nick goes to the hospital to give the potion that will stop Juliette's memory loss. He then gets called to investigate the homicide he was just at and has to cover for his mother. Meanwhile, Catherine gets ingredients from Rosalee and makes a potion before calling Capt. Renard to come over. She gives him the potion and says that it will purify him, as only someone pure of heart can wake Juliette. After taking the potion, Capt. Renard kisses Juliette and wakes her up. Nick goes to the hospital to visit her, but the memory loss is already too advanced, and she does not recognize him.

Opening quote: "If a man of pure heart were to fall in love with her, that would bring her back to life."

25
3
"Bad Moon Rising"
David Solomon
Richard Hatem
August 27, 2012 (2012-08-27)
203
4.67[12]

An old friend of Hank's asks for help when his daughter turns up missing. The friend's in-laws have kidnapped the daughter for a mating ceremony. Juliette's memory loss seems only to affect solely her memories of Nick. Hank learns the truth of his best friend, and Nick's secret as a Grimm when cornered in a barn, but is alright in accepting this reality. Juliette is released from the hospital, but Nick remains saddened that she has no feelings for him and no memory of their relationship.

Opening quote: "Then she began to weep bitterly, and said, 'What can a poor girl like me do now?"

26
4
"Quill"
David Straiton
David Simkins
September 3, 2012 (2012-09-03)
204
4.62[13]

During the middle of an investigation of an accident site, Nick discovers a Wesen disease that is quickly spreading. After killing a Reinigen, Nick suspects there is something else going on because of the looks of the creature. After doing some research in the books in his trailer, Nick finds out the disease is the "yellow plague", it only effects Wesen and not regular humans. Monroe and Rosalee go on a date and comes to a turn when they come across an infected creature. Meanwhile, Captain Renard gets a tip about a dangerous fugitive that has arrived to Portland – he is looking for Nick.

Opening quote: "Death stood behind him, and said: 'Follow me, the hour of your departure from this world has come.'"

27
5
"The Good Shepherd"
Steven DePaul
Dan E. Fesman
September 28, 2012 (2012-09-28)
205
5.32[14]

When a Wesen church gets money stolen from an online bank account, Nick and Monroe investigate the members of the church for suspicious and unusual activity. Later, once again, another dangerous opponent targets Nick in search for the key.

Opening quote: "Dressed in the skin, the wolf strolled into the pasture with the Sheep. Soon a little Lamb was following him about and was quickly led away to slaughter."

28
6
"Over My Dead Body"
Rob Bailey
Spiro Skentzos
October 5, 2012 (2012-10-05)
206
5.29[15]

Angelina (Jaime Ray Newman) comes back to Portland with some bad news, she has been hired to kill Monroe. Angelina however does not want to kill him, but if she chooses to kill him she gets $25,000. If she does not kill him the people who hired her will kill her and she will not get the money. Nick asks Hank for help for Monroe's care. Meanwhile, Captain Renard gets an unexpected visitor (Alice Evans). Rosalee asks Monroe to run the shop while she is gone helping her aunt, Monroe says yes.

Opening quote: "Whilst he thus gazed before him, he saw a snake creep out of a corner of the vault and approach the dead body."

29
7
"The Bottle Imp"
Darnell Martin
Alan DiFiore
October 12, 2012 (2012-10-12)
207
5.01[16]

Hank and Nick's current investigation is on a seemingly-unstable man who is on the run with his daughter; Monroe realizes that filling in for Rosalee at her shop will be harder than he thought. Meanwhile with a conversation between Captain Renard and Adalind, Adalind is wondering who killed her mother. Captain Renard asks where she was, she responds that it was some place he would not find her, and Renard suggests she should come back to Portland to discuss the issues that have been occurring.

Opening quote: "Let me out, let me out,' the spirit cried. And the boy, thinking no evil, drew the cork out of the bottle."

30
8
"The Other Side"
Eric Laneuville
William Bigelow
October 19, 2012 (2012-10-19)
208
5.03[17]

Hank and Nick investigate a competition at a local high school that soon turns deadly after a murder of a boy. Meanwhile, Captain Renard faces a very unexpected and unwanted infatuation with Juliette; he goes to Rosalee's shop to try to find a cure so he will stop thinking about Juliette, and Monroe tells him (since Rosalee is gone helping her aunt) that his obsessive behavior will get worse as the days go on if he does not do something about it. Adalind Schade's current location is revealed.

Opening quote: "I thought of making myself a beautiful wooden marionette. It must be wonderful, one that can dance, fence and turn somersaults."

31
9
"La Llorona"
Holly Dale
Akela Cooper
October 26, 2012 (2012-10-26)
209
6.11[18]

A series of horrifying child attack and abductions at Halloween pairs Nick and Hank with Valentina Espinosa, a mysterious detective, and Juliette, who joins as the Spanish translator. The more Nick digs into the case, the more he realizes the pattern of the kidnapping matches those in the famed Hispanic horror story "La Llorona", a story Nick's ancestors investigated to no avail. Meanwhile, Monroe celebrates the holiday in fine style as he teaches the neighborhood bullies a lesson.

Opening quote: "On many a dark night people would see her walking along the riverbank and crying for her children."

32
10
"The Hour of Death"
Peter Werner
Sean Calder
November 2, 2012 (2012-11-02)
210
5.64[19]

When a brutal vigilante homicide is made public, it sends Portland’s Wesen community into a frenzy. As Nick investigates further, he discovers a pattern similar to that of a particularly brutal line of past Grimms. Is there another Grimm in town, or is Nick dealing with a sadistic copycat? Meanwhile, Captain Renard takes it upon himself to offer Juliette comfort in handling her ongoing dilemma with Nick.

Opening quote: "And branded upon the beast, the mark of his kin. For none shall live whom they have seen." (Source: The fictional in-universe work Albträume für Wesen Kinder, meaning Nightmares for Wesen Children in English.)

33
11
"To Protect and Serve Man"
Omar Madha
Dan E. Fesman
November 9, 2012 (2012-11-09)
211
5.21[20]

Hank starts reflecting on an arrest he made earlier in his career regarding a man who committed murder claiming "self-defense against monsters". With the man’s death sentence rapidly approaching and the knowledge he’s recently gathered from Nick, Hank begins to wonder if there was more truth to the man’s seemingly absurd story then he once thought. Back at the spice shop, Monroe finds himself involved in a situation he never saw coming.

Opening quote: "The beast was simply the Call of the Wild personified... which some natures hear to their own destruction."

34
12
"Season of the Hexenbiest"
Karen Gaviola
Story by: Jim Kouf
Teleplay by: Jim Kouf & David Greenwalt
November 16, 2012 (2012-11-16)
212
5.03[21]

Adalind returns to wreak havoc in everyone’s lives and avenge her mother’s brutal death. She has her eyes set on Nick and those closest to him – especially Hank and Juliette. Elsewhere, Captain Renard’s obsession continues to escalate. Meanwhile, a surprise visit at the spice shop gives Monroe more than he ever bargained for.

Opening quote: "Oh! There is a terrible witch in that house who spewed her poison over me and scratched me with her long fingernails."

35
13
"Face Off"
Terrence O'Hara
Jim Kouf & David Greenwalt
March 8, 2013 (2013-03-08)
213
4.90[22]

After Nick learns about Juliette and Captain Renard, he must deal with the consequences. Things get even more complicated when Nick is called to investigate his own crime. Meanwhile, the search for the key intensifies as Captain Renard tries to stop what’s going on with him and Juliette before it goes too far. Elsewhere, Wu responds to a bizarre shooting at Nick and Juliette’s house.

Opening quote: "The will to conquer is the first condition of victory."

36
14
"Natural Born Wesen"
Michael Watkins
Thomas Ian Griffith & Mary Page Keller
March 15, 2013 (2013-03-15)
214
4.91[23]

The Wesen code of honor comes into question when Nick, Hank and Monroe discover a series of bank robberies with Wesen using true natures as their disguises. Meanwhile, Juliette finds herself tormented by faint, slowly returning memories that cause her to question her mental state.

Opening quote: "So the animals debated how they might drive the robbers out, and at last settled on an idea."

37
15
"Mr. Sandman"
Norberto Barba
Alan DiFiore
March 22, 2013 (2013-03-22)
215
5.00[24]

As Nick and Hank investigate a case of sudden blindness leading to a woman's death, they come across a Wesen that feeds off its victim's tears. Rosalee continues to work with Juliette in order to fix her memory.

Opening quote: "Now we've got eyes — eyes — a beautiful pair of children's eyes," he whispered.

38
16
"Nameless"
Charles Haid
Akela Cooper
March 29, 2013 (2013-03-29)
216
4.86[25]

After helping fix the code for a new video game to get it in for a deadline, a gamer and I.T. genius seeks revenge from those who refused to give him credit for the game. He kills the coders' characters and then splits them in half. Meanwhile, Juliette asks Monroe and Rosalee to spend time with her so that she can tell them her visions when they come to her. Monroe accidentally reveals that one of the visions is of Nick in Aunt Marie's trailer, and Juliette demands they take her there, as she believes it will recover her memory.

Opening quote: "Then he seized his left foot with both hands in such a fury that he split in two."

39
17
"One Angry Fuchsbau"
Terrence O'Hara
Richard Hatem
April 5, 2013 (2013-04-05)
217
5.13[27]

During jury duty, Rosalee seeks Nick, Hank and Monroe's help to stop a defense attorney with peculiar powers of persuasion on cases that should be quickly resolved. Meanwhile, Monroe, with Nick's permission, takes Juliette to the trailer which causes a cavalcade of memories to rush back to her.

Opening quote: "He sang a sweet song in tones so full and soft that no human ear could resist them nor fathom their origin..." (Source: The quotation is inspired by, but not actually from "The Garden of Paradise".[26])

40
18
"Volcanalis"
David Grossman
Jim Kouf & David Greenwalt
April 26, 2013 (2013-04-26)
218
4.85[28]

When a geologist on Mount Hood is killed, Nick, Monroe, and Renard must team up with a new ally to stop a living volcano from destroying Portland. Meanwhile, Juliette finally regains control over her memories.

Opening quote: "The demon came home, and he declared that the air was not clear. 'I smell the flesh of man."

41
19
"Endangered"
David Straiton
Spiro Skentzos
April 30, 2013 (2013-04-30)
219
5.77[29]

Mysterious cow mutilations and reports of glowing creatures put Nick on a case that forces him to question the existence of aliens within the Wesen world. He also meets a strange UFO expert who seems to know more than he’s letting on. Meanwhile, Nick digs further into the key, and Juliette's romantic memories of Nick start coming back in a big way.

Opening quote: "They'll kill you, and I'll be here in the woods all alone and abandoned."

42
20
"Kiss of the Muse"
Tawnia McKiernan
Sean Calder
May 7, 2013 (2013-05-07)
220
5.67[30]

Nick discovers a muse-like Wesen with the ability to influence those she gets close to – some with positive results, others with terrifying ones. Nick must find a way to get close without losing himself in the process. Juliette arranges a dinner date with Nick wanting to apologize to him for her bad behavior, but it goes awry as the case intensifies. Meanwhile, Rosalee takes her first visit to Aunt Marie’s trailer.

Opening quote: "Tell me O'Muse, from whatsoever source you may know them."

43
21
"The Waking Dead"
Steven DePaul
Jim Kouf & David Greenwalt
May 14, 2013 (2013-05-14)
221
5.36[31]

Nick and Hank discover a new kind of strange when they investigate suspects being found dead – for the second time. In Europe, Adalind finds herself in the middle of a feud between Frau Pech and Stefania while working over the details of her pending transaction. Meanwhile, determined to remember every last detail to get things started once more, Juliette insists Monroe share with her Nick’s darkest secret – the world of Grimms and Wesen.

Opening quote: "Papa Ghede is a handsom fellow in his hat and coat of black. Papa Ghede is going to the palace! He'll eat and drink when he gets back!"

44
22
"Goodnight, Sweet Grimm"
Norberto Barba
Jim Kouf & David Greenwalt
May 21, 2013 (2013-05-21)
222
4.99[32]

Nick investigates a series of rage-fueled assaults; Nick learns Captain Sean Renard's half brother named Eric Renard is in town. Stefania and Frau Pech battle each other using their alliances with Adalind. During a confrontation with the Baron, Nick falls into a trap resulting in his own zombie-like coma.

Opening quote: "And flights of angels sing thee to thy rest."

text: Ratings[edit]

text:
No. in
series
No. in
season
Title
Air Date
Timeslot (ET)
Rating/Share
18–49
Viewers
(million)
DVR
18–49
DVR Viewers
(millions)
Total
18–49
Total Viewers
(millions)

23
1
Bad Teeth
August 13, 2012 (2012-08-13)
Monday
10:00 P.M.
2.0/5[10]
5.64[10]
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A

24
2
The Kiss
August 20, 2012 (2012-08-20)
1.7/5[11]
4.90[11]
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A

25
3
Bad Moon Rising
August 27, 2012 (2012-08-27)
1.6/4[12]
4.67[12]
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A

26
4
Quill
September 3, 2012 (2012-09-03)
1.5/4[13]
4.62[13]
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A

27
5
The Good Shepherd
September 28, 2012 (2012-09-28)
Friday
9:00 P.M.
1.6/4[14]
5.32[14]
1.3
2.92
2.9
8.24[33]

28
6
Over My Dead Body
October 5, 2012 (2012-10-05)
1.6/5[15]
5.29[15]
1.2
2.55
2.8
7.84[34]

29
7
The Bottle Imp
October 12, 2012 (2012-10-12)
1.6/5[16]
5.01[16]
1.2
2.67
2.8
7.69[35]

30
8
The Other Side
October 19, 2012 (2012-10-19)
1.5/5[17]
5.03[17]
1.3
2.75
2.8
7.79[36]

31
9
La Llorona
October 26, 2012 (2012-10-26)
2.0/6[18]
6.11[18]
1.2
2.84
3.2
8.93[37]

32
10
The Hour of Death
November 2, 2012 (2012-11-02)
1.8/5[19]
5.64[19]
1.1
2.48
2.9
8.17[38]

33
11
To Protect and Serve Man
November 9, 2012 (2012-11-09)
1.7/5[20]
5.21[20]
1.2
2.87
2.9
8.08[39]

34
12
Season of the Hexenbiest
November 16, 2012 (2012-11-16)
1.6/5[21]
5.03[21]
1.2
2.97
2.8
8.00[40]

35
13
Face Off
March 8, 2013 (2013-03-08)
1.5/5[22]
4.90[22]
1.2
2.80
2.7
7.71[41]

36
14
Natural Born Wesen
March 15, 2013 (2013-03-15)
1.4/5[23]
4.91[23]
1.1
2.53
2.5
7.44[42]

37
15
Mr. Sandman
March 22, 2013 (2013-03-22)
1.4/4[24]
5.00[24]
1.0
2.39
2.4
7.39[43]

38
16
Nameless
March 29, 2013 (2013-03-29)
1.4/4[25]
4.86[25]
1.1
2.71
2.5
7.53[44]

39
17
One Angry Fuchsbau
April 5, 2013 (2013-04-05)
1.5/5[27]
5.13[27]
1.2
2.78
2.7
7.91[45]

40
18
Volcanalis
April 26, 2013 (2013-04-26)
1.3/4[28]
4.85[28]
0.9
2.15
2.2
6.98[46]

41
19
Endangered
April 30, 2013 (2013-04-30)
Tuesday
10:00 P.M.
1.9/5[29]
5.77[29]
1.2
2.90
3.1
8.67[47]

42
20
Kiss of the Muse
May 7, 2013 (2013-05-07)
1.8/5[30]
5.68[30]
1.1
2.74
2.9
8.42[48]

43
21
The Waking Dead
May 14, 2013 (2013-05-14)
1.7/5[31]
5.36[31]
1.3
3.11
3.0
8.47[49]

44
22
Goodnight, Sweet Grimm
May 21, 2013 (2013-05-21)
1.7/5[32]
4.99[32]
1.0
2.79
2.7
7.79[50]

text: DVD release[edit]

text:
Grimm – The Complete Second Season

Set Details
Special Features

22 Episodes
5-Disc Set
English (Dolby Digital 5.1 Surround)
Audio Commentaries

Deleted Scenes
Gag Reel
Grimm: Myths, Monsters & Legends – Learn about the ever-expanding mythology of Grimm as producers and cast discuss the richness of the show's storylines, covering this season's terrifying Wesen, the Seven Royal Families, and the mysteries of Aunt Marie's trailer
Grimm: Creatures and Chaos – Watch as the creatures of Grimm morph and wreak havoc on anyone – or anything – in their path
"Bad Hair Day" Webisodes: A fellow Wesen visits Rosalee's spice shop looking for a hair-loss cure in this 4-part series
Monroe's Best Moments: Revisit the quips and quibbles that makes Monroe our favorite Wesen
(Blu-ray Only) Grimm Guide: An interactive book that provides insight into the various creatures featured in the show
(Blu-ray Only) Extended Episode – Featuring never-before-seen footage of the episode "Over My Dead Body"

Release Dates

Region 1
Region 2

September 17, 2013[51]
October 28, 2013[52]


document_title: List of Pittsburgh Steelers seasons

question_text: when was the last time the steelers won a playoff game

text: List of Pittsburgh Steelers seasons

text: The Pittsburgh Steelers compete in the National Football League (NFL) as a member club of the American Football Conference (AFC) North division. Founded in 1933, the Steelers are the oldest franchise in the AFC; seven franchises in the National Football Conference (NFC) have longer tenures in the NFL. The team struggled to be competitive in its early history, posting winning records in just 8 of its first 39 seasons. Since the AFL–NFL merger in 1970, however, it has appeared in eight Super Bowls and is the only team to have won the Super Bowl six times. The six championships place the Steelers fourth in the league in terms of total championships (including those prior to the first Super Bowl), trailing only the Green Bay Packers (13 championships), the Chicago Bears (9) and the New York Giants (8).[1] The club's 15 AFC Championship Game appearances are a record. In addition, they have hosted more conference championship games (11) than any franchise in either conference, and are tied with the Dallas Cowboys, New England Patriots and Denver Broncos with eight Super Bowl appearances.

text: From 1974 to 1979 the franchise became the first NFL franchise to win four Super Bowl titles in six seasons, a feat which is yet to be matched. The 2005 team was the first sixth-seeded team to advance to a conference championship game since the playoff field was expanded to 12 teams in 1990; the same team also became the first sixth-seed to win the Super Bowl. The Steelers are 6–2 in Super Bowls, winning Super Bowl IX, Super Bowl X, Super Bowl XIII, Super Bowl XIV, Super Bowl XL, Super Bowl XLIII and losing Super Bowl XXX and Super Bowl XLV.

text:
Key to color-coding of list of seasons table

NFL Champions (1920–1969)
Super Bowl Champions (1970–present)
Conference Champions
Division Champions
Wild Card Berth
One-Game Playoff Berth

text:
Season
Team
League
Conference
Division
Regular season
Postseason results
Awards

Finish
Won
Lost
Ties
Pct[1]

Pittsburgh Pirates

1933
1933
NFL

East
5th
3
6
2
.364

1934
1934
NFL

East
5th
2
10
0
.167

1935
1935
NFL

East
3rd
4
8
0
.333

1936
1936
NFL

East
2nd
6
6
0
.500

1937
1937
NFL

East
3rd
4
7
0
.364

1938
1938
NFL

East
5th
2
9
0
.182

1939
1939
NFL

East
4th[T]
1
9
1
.136

Pittsburgh Steelers

1940
1940
NFL

East
4th
2
7
2
.273

1941
1941
NFL

East
5th
1
9
1
.136

1942
1942
NFL

East
2nd
7
4
0
.636

Steagles[2]

1943
1943
NFL

East
3rd
5
4
1
.550

Card-Pitt[3]

1944
1944
NFL

East
5th
0
10
0
.000

Pittsburgh Steelers

1945
1945
NFL

East
5th
2
8
0
.200

1946
1946
NFL

East
3rd[T]
5
5
1
.500

Bill Dudley – Joe F. Carr Trophy (MVP)

1947
1947
NFL

East
2nd
8
4
0
.667
Lost Eastern Divisional Playoff (Eagles) 21–0

1948
1948
NFL

East
3rd[T]
4
8
0
.333

1949
1949
NFL

East
2nd
6
5
1
.542

1950
1950
NFL
American

3rd[T]
6
6
0
.500

1951
1951
NFL
American

4th
4
7
1
.375

1952
1952
NFL
American

4th
5
7
0
.417

1953
1953
NFL
Eastern

4th
6
6
0
.500

1954
1954
NFL
Eastern

4th
5
7
0
.417

1955
1955
NFL
Eastern

6th
4
8
0
.346

1956
1956
NFL
Eastern

4th[T]
5
7
0
.500

1957
1957
NFL
Eastern

3rd
6
6
0
.500

1958
1958
NFL
Eastern

3rd
7
4
1
.625

1959
1959
NFL
Eastern

4th
6
5
1
.542

1960
1960
NFL
Eastern

5th
5
6
1
.458

1961
1961
NFL
Eastern

5th
6
8
0
.429

1962
1962
NFL
Eastern

2nd
9
5
0
.643
Lost Playoff Bowl (Lions) 17–10 exhibition gm[2]

1963
1963
NFL
Eastern

4th
7
4
3
.607

1964
1964
NFL
Eastern

6th
5
9
0
.357

1965
1965
NFL
Eastern

7th
2
12
0
.143

1966
1966
NFL
Eastern

6th
5
8
1
.393

1967
1967
NFL
Eastern
Century
4th
4
9
1
.321

1968
1968
NFL
Eastern
Century
4th
2
11
1
.179

1969
1969
NFL
Eastern
Century
4th
1
13
0
.071

Joe Greene – Defensive Rookie of the Year

1970
1970
NFL
AFC
Central
3rd
5
9
0
.357

1971
1971
NFL
AFC
Central
2nd
6
8
0
.429

1972
1972
NFL
AFC
Central
1st
11
3
0
.786
Won Divisional Playoffs (Raiders) 13–7
Lost Conference Championship (Dolphins) 21–17
Chuck Noll – AFC Coach of the Year
Franco Harris Offensive Rookie of the Year
Joe Greene – Defensive Player of the Year
Franco Harris – AFC Offensive Rookie of the Year

1973
1973
NFL
AFC
Central
2nd
10
4
0
.714
Lost Divisional Playoffs (Raiders) 33–14

1974
1974
NFL
AFC
Central
1st
10
3
1
.750
Won Divisional Playoffs (Bills) 32–14
Won Conference Championship (Raiders) 24–13
Won Super Bowl IX (1) (Vikings) 16–6
Jack Lambert – Defensive Rookie of the Year
Joe Greene – Defensive Player of the Year
Franco Harris – Super Bowl MVP

1975
1975
NFL
AFC
Central
1st
12
2
0
.857
Won Divisional Playoffs (Colts) 28–10
Won Conference Championship (Raiders) 16–10
Won Super Bowl X (2) (Cowboys) 21–17
Mel Blount – Defensive Player of the Year
Lynn Swann – Super Bowl MVP

1976
1976
NFL
AFC
Central
1st
10
4
0
.714
Won Divisional Playoffs (Colts) 40–14
Lost Conference Championship (Raiders) 24–7
Jack Lambert – Defensive Player of the Year
Jack Lambert – AFC Defensive Player of the Year

1977
1977
NFL
AFC
Central
1st
9
5
0
.643
Lost Divisional Playoffs (Broncos) 34–21

1978
1978
NFL
AFC
Central
1st
14
2
0
.875
Won Divisional Playoffs (Broncos) 33–10
Won Conference Championship (Oilers) 34–5
Won Super Bowl XIII (3) (Cowboys) 35–31
Terry Bradshaw – MVP
Terry Bradshaw – Super Bowl MVP
Terry Bradshaw – Bert Bell MVP

1979
1979
NFL
AFC
Central
1st
12
4
0
.750
Won Divisional Playoffs (Dolphins) 34–14
Won Conference Championship (Oilers) 27–13
Won Super Bowl XIV (4) (Rams) 31–19
Jack Lambert – AFC Defensive Player of the Year
Terry Bradshaw – Super Bowl MVP

1980
1980
NFL
AFC
Central
3rd
9
7
0
.563

1981
1981
NFL
AFC
Central
2nd
8
8
0
.500

1982
1982
NFL
AFC
Central
4th[T][3]
6
3
0
.667
Lost First Round (Chargers) 31–28

1983
1983
NFL
AFC
Central
1st
10
6
0
.625
Lost Divisional Playoffs (Raiders) 38–10

1984
1984
NFL
AFC
Central
1st
9
7
0
.563
Won Divisional Playoffs (Broncos) 24–17
Lost Conference Championship (Dolphins) 45–28
Louis Lipps – Offensive Rookie of the Year
John Stallworth – Comeback Player of the Year

1985
1985
NFL
AFC
Central
3rd
7
9
0
.438

1986
1986
NFL
AFC
Central
3rd
6
10
0
.375

1987
1987
NFL
AFC
Central
3rd
8
7
0
.533

1988
1988
NFL
AFC
Central
4th
5
11
0
.313

1989
1989
NFL
AFC
Central
2nd
9
7
0
.563
Won Wild Card Playoffs (Oilers) 26–23
Lost Divisional playoff (Broncos) 24–23
Chuck Noll – Maxwell Football Club Coach of the Year

1990
1990
NFL
AFC
Central
3rd
9
7
0
.563

1991
1991
NFL
AFC
Central
2nd
7
9
0
.438

1992
1992
NFL
AFC
Central
1st
11
5
0
.688
Lost Divisional Playoffs (Bills) 24–3
Bill Cowher – NFL Coach of the Year
Barry Foster – AFC Offensive Player of the Year

1993
1993
NFL
AFC
Central
2nd
9
7
0
.563
Lost Wild Card Playoffs (Chiefs) 27–24 (OT)
Rod Woodson – Defensive Player of the Year

1994
1994
NFL
AFC
Central
1st
12
4
0
.750
Won Divisional Playoffs (Browns) 29–9
Lost Conference Championship (Chargers) 17–13
Greg Lloyd – AFC Defensive Player of the Year

1995
1995
NFL
AFC
Central
1st
11
5
0
.688
Won Divisional Playoffs (Bills) 40–21
Won Conference Championship (Colts) 20–16
Lost Super Bowl XXX (Cowboys) 27–17

1996
1996
NFL
AFC
Central
1st
10
6
0
.625
Won Wild Card Playoffs (Colts) 42–14
Lost Divisional Playoffs (Patriots) 28–3
Jerome Bettis – Comeback Player of the Year

1997
1997
NFL
AFC
Central
1st
11
5
0
.688
Won Divisional Playoffs (Patriots) 7–6
Lost Conference Championship (Broncos) 24–21

1998
1998
NFL
AFC
Central
3rd
7
9
0
.438

1999
1999
NFL
AFC
Central
4th
6
10
0
.375

2000
2000
NFL
AFC
Central
3rd
9
7
0
.563

2001
2001
NFL
AFC
Central
1st
13
3
0
.813
Won Divisional Playoffs (Ravens) 27–10
Lost Conference Championship (Patriots) 24–17
Kendrell Bell – Defensive Rookie of the Year

2002
2002
NFL
AFC
North
1st
10
5
1
.656
Won Wild Card Playoffs (Browns) 36–33
Lost Divisional Playoffs (Titans) 34–31
Tommy Maddox – Comeback Player of the Year

2003
2003
NFL
AFC
North
3rd
6
10
0
.375

2004
2004
NFL
AFC
North
1st
15
1
0
.938
Won Divisional Playoffs (Jets) 20–17
Lost Conference Championship (Patriots) 41–27
Bill Cowher – Sporting News Coach of the Year
Ben Roethlisberger – Offensive Rookie of the Year

2005
2005
NFL
AFC
North
2nd
11
5
0
.688
Won Wild Card Playoffs (Bengals) 31–17
Won Divisional Playoffs (Colts) 21–18
Won Conference Championship (Broncos) 34–17
Won Super Bowl XL (5) (Seahawks) 21–10
Hines Ward – Super Bowl MVP

2006
2006
NFL
AFC
North
3rd
8
8
0
.500

2007
2007
NFL
AFC
North
1st
10
6
0
.625
Lost Wild Card Playoffs (Jaguars) 31–29

2008
2008
NFL
AFC
North
1st
12
4
0
.750
Won Divisional Playoffs (Chargers) 35–24
Won Conference Championship (Ravens) 23–14
Won Super Bowl XLIII (6) (Cardinals) 27–23
James Harrison – Defensive Player of the Year[4]
Santonio Holmes – Super Bowl MVP
Mike Tomlin – Motorola NFL Coach of the Year[5]

2009
2009
NFL
AFC
North
3rd
9
7
0
.563

2010
2010
NFL
AFC
North
1st
12
4
0
.750
Won Divisional Playoffs (Ravens) 31–24
Won Conference Championship (Jets) 24–19
Lost Super Bowl XLV (Packers) 31–25
Troy Polamalu – Defensive Player of the Year

2011
2011
NFL
AFC
North
2nd
12
4
0
.750
Lost Wild Card Playoffs (Broncos) 29–23 (OT)

2012
2012
NFL
AFC
North
3rd
8
8
0
.500

2013
2013
NFL
AFC
North
2nd
8
8
0
.500

2014
2014
NFL
AFC
North
1st
11
5
0
.688
Lost Wild Card Playoffs (Ravens) 30–17

2015
2015
NFL
AFC
North
2nd
10
6
0
.625
Won Wild Card Playoffs (Bengals) 18–16
Lost Divisional Playoffs (Broncos) 23–16

2016
2016
NFL
AFC
North
1st
11
5
0
.688
Won Wild Card Playoffs (Dolphins) 30–12
Won Divisional Playoffs (Chiefs) 18–16
Lost Conference Championship (Patriots) 36–17

Totals
Regular season:
606
549
21
.524
1933–2016, regular season only

Playoff:
36
24
0
.600
1933–2016, playoffs only

Overall:
642
573
21
.528
1933–2016, regular season and playoff games

text: Notes:

text:
American football portal
Pittsburgh portal


document_title: Olaf's Frozen Adventure

question_text: when will olaf's frozen adventure be on dvd

question_tokens: when will olaf 's frozen adventure be on dvd

text: Olaf's Frozen Adventure

text: Plot[edit]

text: It is the first Christmas season since the gates reopened and Anna and Elsa host a celebration for all of Arendelle. When the townspeople unexpectedly leave early to enjoy their individual holiday customs, the sisters realize they have no family traditions of their own. Elsa laments the fact that because she had isolated herself most of her life, she and Anna were unable to spend time with each other. Olaf decides to look for traditions with Sven's help.

text: Going through the town, Olaf encounters various family traditions relating to Christmas, Hanukkah and Winter solstice. After a visit to Oaken, Olaf, Sven and their sleigh full of traditions travel through the snowy tundra only for a coal (from a portable sauna given to them by Oaken) to set the sleigh on fire. They slide down a hill and Olaf and Sven end up separated by a chasm. With only a fruit cake, Olaf attempts to travel through the woods and is attacked by wolves.

text: Meanwhile, Anna and Elsa discover some forgotten items in their attic where they find things from their past. Sven returns to Kristoff and informs him (in vain), Anna, and Elsa of Olaf's plight. They gather the residents of Arendelle to go look for Olaf. Elsewhere, Olaf manages to escape the wolves, but loses the fruit cake to a hawk and gives up by a tree not too far from the kingdom. Anna and Elsa find him and cheer him up by revealing that they do have a tradition: After Elsa had shut herself away for years, Anna began annually sliding cards and dolls of their snowman, Olaf, under her door. As they all celebrate the holidays, the hawk drops the fruit cake on Olaf. Upon getting the fruit cake back, Olaf declares it "A Christmas miracle!"

text: Cast[edit]

text:
Josh Gad as Olaf, a talking snowman who was magically created by Elsa in the first film. He serves as the titular protagonist of the short film.
Kristen Bell as Anna, the younger of the two sisters, the Princess of Arendelle, and Kristoff's girlfriend.
Idina Menzel as Elsa, the elder of the two sisters and Queen of Arendelle.

Eva Bella as Young Elsa

Jonathan Groff as Kristoff, an ice seller and Anna's boyfriend.
Chris Williams as Oaken, the owner of Wandering Oaken's Trading Post and Sauna.
John de Lancie as Mr. Olsen
Lauri Fraser as Mrs. Olsen
Stevie Wermers as Candy Cane Mother
Benjamin Deters as Candy Cane Kid
Kate Anderson as Norwegian Cookie Lady & Cat Lady
Elyssa Samsel as Kittens

text: Production[edit]

text: On February 9, 2016, the short film was announced as a television special, to be aired on ABC,[7] produced by Roy Conli, and directed by Kevin Deters and Stevie Wermers. The title was revealed during the airing of The Making of Frozen: Return to Arendelle on ABC in 2016, and it was announced that it would feature original songs by Elyssa Samsel and Kate Anderson, the sister of Frozen songwriter Kristen Anderson-Lopez. However, in June 2017, it was announced that the film would instead receive a limited time[5] theatrical release in front of Disney·Pixar's Coco, as it was deemed too cinematic for television. The main original cast, Josh Gad, Kristen Bell, Idina Menzel, and Jonathan Groff, returned, and the story follows Olaf as he tries to find the best holiday traditions for Anna, Elsa, and Kristoff.[3][8]

text: The music was recorded by an 80-piece orchestra in May 2017. The short was the filmmakers' first musical. They noted the requirement to keep the plot "pretty simple", and commented that they removed anything that diverted too much from that story. The fruitcake jokes in the short are a continuing motif from the filmmakers' previous project Prep & Landing. As they crafted the story, the Frozen team had barely started sketching out the plot of Frozen 2.[9]

text: Soundtrack[edit]

text:
Olaf's Frozen Adventure

Soundtrack album by Various artists

Released
November 3, 2017

Length
25:40

Label
Walt Disney Records

Producer

Elyssa Samsel
Kate Anderson
Christophe Beck
Jeff Morrow

text: There are four original songs in the film, written by Elyssa Samsel and Kate Anderson, titled "Ring in the Season", "The Ballad of Flemmingrad", "That Time of Year" and "When We're Together". Film's score has been composed by Christophe Beck and Jeff Morrow. The full soundtrack was released on November 3, 2017 by Walt Disney Records.[10][11]

text:
Original Motion Picture Soundtrack

No.
Title
Performer(s)
Length

1.
"Ring in the Season"

Kristen Bell
Idina Menzel
Josh Gad

1:58

2.
"The Ballad of Flemmingrad"
Jonathan Groff
0:44

3.
"Ring in the Season" (Reprise)
Idina Menzel
1:16

4.
"That Time of Year"

Josh Gad
Idina Menzel
Kristen Bell
Cast

3:03

5.
"That Time of Year" (Reprise)
Josh Gad
0:52

6.
"When We're Together"

Idina Menzel
Kristen Bell
Josh Gad
Jonathan Groff

2:50

7.
"Olaf's Frozen Adventure" (Score Suite)

Christophe Beck
Jeff Morrow

4:27

8.
"The Ballad of Flemmingrad" (Traditional Version)
Groff
3:06

9.
"Ring in the Season" (Instrumental Karaoke Mix)

Elyssa Samsel
Kate Anderson

1:58

10.
"That Time of Year" (Instrumental Karaoke Mix)

Samsel
Anderson

3:02

11.
"When We're Together" (Instrumental Karaoke Mix)

Samsel
Anderson

2:49

Total length:
25:40

text: Release[edit]

text: Olaf's Frozen Adventure was released by Walt Disney Pictures in 3D in theaters as a limited time offering[5] on November 22, 2017, preceding screenings of Pixar's Coco.[3][8] In the UK, it was shown before re-releases of Frozen on November 25 and 26, and December 2 and 3, 2017. On November 23, Disney announced the release of Olaf's Frozen Adventure on Disney's cable television channels in Latin America, along with Netflix, on December 8, and later on Mexican channels Azteca 7 and 13.[12] Coco co-director Adrian Molina said that the short's placement before Coco was an "experiment" due to its length.[13] It ended its limited time run in US screenings on December 8.[14] Due to its brevity, the film was released as a matinee in Gibraltar, after which the 2013 film Frozen was also shown.[15]

text: Reception as pre-Coco short[edit]

text: The week after Coco's release in Mexico, local media noted audiences' strong dislike for the length of the short film.[16][17][18][19] A few days later, all cinemas in Mexico offered apologies for it, and removed the short film from exhibition.[20][21] American audiences had a similar reaction.[22] It was reported that some theaters put warning signs up about the length of the Frozen short ahead of Coco.[23] The Disney Movies Review felt that the choice to put a franchise-expander in the short film slot prevented a Pixar animator from sharing their unique cultural and creative voice.[24] The Washington Post argued that the "emotionally complex work," of Pixar becomes jarring when paired with the "truly silly jokes and big, showy production numbers" of the short film.[25] Mashable's review focused on the placement of the short before Coco, and deemed it a "horrendous waste of time".[26]

text: Reception as Frozen TV special[edit]

text: The short made its television debut on ABC on December 14, 2017, as part of 25 Days of Christmas.[27] It was viewed by 5.64 million viewers.[28] Reviewers began to review the film as a television special rather than a pre-Coco short and had a favorable reception to it as part of the Frozen franchise. Simon Boyle of The Sun wrote that the short film "doesn't disappoint", adding it "provides a perfect bridge to the hotly anticipated full sequel".[29] Indiwire deemed the short a "bridge" and a "setup" to Frozen 2,[30] while The Mirror felt it would "tide fans over" until the next feature length installment of the franchise.[31] Meanwhile, KSDK thought it was "an 'Adventure' worth taking,"[32] and Slashfilm wrote that "When We're Together" had the potential to be 2017's version of "Let It Go".[33] Slate noted the short film's overt commercialism, and also thought it committed the well-trodden sin of turning a comedic side-character into the star, describing it as an "increasingly desperate one-man show". However, the reviewer felt ultimately won over by the music, animation, and heartwarming conclusion.[34]

text: Accolades[edit]

text:
Year
Award
Category
Recipient(s) and nominee(s)
Result
Ref.

2018
Annie Award
Best Animated Special Production
Olaf's Frozen Adventure
Nominated
[35]

Animated Effects in an Animated Production
Christopher Hendryx, Dan Lund, Mike Navarro, Hiroaki Narita, Steven Chitwood
Nominated

Music in an Animated Feature Production
Elyssa Samsel, Kate Anderson, Christophe Beck
Nominated

text: Home media[edit]

text: The film was made available in the digital format on December 19, 2017,[36][37] while in the UK it was released as a Tesco-exclusive DVD on December 7, 2017.[38]


document_title: Kentucky Derby top four finishers

question_text: who came in 2nd in the kentucky derby

question_tokens: who came in 2nd in the kentucky derby

text: Kentucky Derby top four finishers

text: This is a listing of first-place, second-place, third-place and fourth-place finishers, and the number of starters in the Kentucky Derby, a Grade I American Thoroughbred race run at 1 1⁄4 miles on dirt for three-year-olds. It is the first leg of the American Triple Crown, run at Churchill Downs in Louisville, Kentucky.[1]

text:
Year

Winner

Second

Third

Fourth

Starters

2018

Justify †

Good Magic

Audible

Instilled Regard

20

2017

Always Dreaming

Lookin At Lee

Battle of Midway

Classic Empire

20

2016

Nyquist

Exaggerator

Gun Runner

Mohaymen

20

2015

American Pharoah †

Firing Line

Dortmund

Frosted

18

2014

California Chrome

Commanding Curve

Danza

Wicked Strong

19

2013

Orb

Golden Soul

Revolutionary

Normandy Invasion

19

2012

I'll Have Another

Bodemeister

Dullahan

Went The Day Well

20

2011

Animal Kingdom

Nehro

Mucho Macho Man

Shackleford

19

2010

Super Saver

Ice Box

Paddy O'Prado

Make Music for Me

20

2009

Mine That Bird

Pioneerof the Nile

Musket Man

Papa Clem

19

2008

Big Brown

Eight Belles

Denis of Cork

Tale of Ekati

20

2007

Street Sense

Hard Spun

Curlin

Imawildandcrazyguy

20

2006

Barbaro

Bluegrass Cat

Steppenwolfer

Jazil

20

2005

Giacomo

Closing Argument

Afleet Alex

Don't Get Mad

20

2004

Smarty Jones

Lion Heart

Imperialism

Limehouse

18

2003

Funny Cide

Empire Maker

Peace Rules

Atswhatimtalkinbout

16

2002

War Emblem

Proud Citizen

Perfect Drift

Medaglia d'Oro

18

2001

Monarchos

Invisible Ink

Congaree

Thunder Blitz

17

2000

Fusaichi Pegasus

Aptitude

Impeachment

More Than Ready

19

1999

Charismatic

Menifee

Cat Thief

Prime Timber

19

1998

Real Quiet

Victory Gallop

Indian Charlie

Halory Hunter

15

1997

Silver Charm

Captain Bodgit

Free House

Pulpit

13

1996

Grindstone

Cavonnier

Prince of Thieves

Halo Sunshine

19

1995

Thunder Gulch

Tejano Run

Timber Country

Jumron

19

1994

Go for Gin

Strodes Creek

Blumin Affair

Brocco

14

1993

Sea Hero

Prairie Bayou

Wild Gale

Personal Hope

19

1992

Lil E. Tee

Casual Lies

Dance Floor

Conte Di Savoya

18

1991

Strike the Gold

Best Pal

Mane Minister

Green Alligator

16

1990

Unbridled

Summer Squall

Pleasant Tap

Video Ranger

15

1989

Sunday Silence

Easy Goer

Awe Inspiring

Dansil

15

1988

Winning Colors

Forty Niner

Risen Star

Proper Reality

17

1987

Alysheba

Bet Twice

Avies Copy

Cryptoclearance

17

1986

Ferdinand

Bold Arrangement

Broad Brush

Rampage

16

1985

Spend A Buck

Stephan's Odyssey

Chief's Crown

Fast Account

13

1984 *

Swale

Coax Me Chad

At The Threshold

Fali Time

20

1983

Sunny's Halo

Desert Wine

Caveat

Slew o' Gold

20

1982

Gato Del Sol

Laser Light

Reinvested

Water Bank

19

1981

Pleasant Colony

Woodchopper

Partez

Classic Go Go

21

1980

Genuine Risk

Rumbo

Jaklin Klugman

Super Moment

13

1979

Spectacular Bid

General Assembly

Golden Act

King Celebrity

10

1978

Affirmed †

Alydar

Believe It

Darby Creek Road

11

1977

Seattle Slew †

Run Dusty Run

Sanhedrin

Get the Axe

15

1976

Bold Forbes

Honest Pleasure

Elocutionist

Amano

9

1975

Foolish Pleasure

Avatar

Diabolo

Master Derby

15

1974

Cannonade

Hudson County

Agitate

J. R.'s Pet

23

1973

Secretariat †

Sham

Our Native

Forego

13

1972

Riva Ridge

No Le Hace

Hold Your Peace

Introductivo

16

1971

Canonero II

Jim French

Bold Reason

Eastern Fleet

20

1970

Dust Commander

My Dad George

High Echelon

Naskra

17

1969

Majestic Prince

Arts and Letters

Dike

Traffic Mark

8

1968 *

Forward Pass

Francie's Hat

T.V. Commercial

Kentucky Sherry

14

1967

Proud Clarion

Barbs Delight

Damascus

Reason to Hail

14

1966

Kauai King

Advocator

Blue Skyer

Stupendous

15

1965

Lucky Debonair

Dapper Dan

Tom Rolfe

Native Charger

11

1964

Northern Dancer

Hill Rise

The Scoundrel

Roman Brother

12

1963

Chateaugay

Never Bend

Candy Spots

On My Honor

9

1962

Decidedly

Roman Line

Ridan

Sir Ribot

15

1961

Carry Back

Crozier

Bass Clef

Dr. Miller

15

1960

Venetian Way

Bally Ache

Victoria Park

Tompion

13

1959

Tomy Lee

Sword Dancer

First Landing

Royal Orbit

17

1958

Tim Tam

Lincoln Road

Noureddin

Jewel's Reward

14

1957

Iron Liege

Gallant Man

Round Table

Bold Ruler

9

1956

Needles

Fabius

Come On Red

Count Chic

17

1955

Swaps

Nashua

Summer Tan

Racing Fool

10

1954

Determine

Hasty Road

Hasseyampa

Goyamo

17

1953

Dark Star

Native Dancer

Invigorator

Royal Bay Gem

11

1952

Hill Gail

Sub Fleet

Blue Man

Master Fiddle

16

1951

Count Turf

Royal Mustang

Ruhe

Phil D

20

1950

Middleground

Hill Prince

Mr. Trouble

Sunglow

14

1949

Ponder

Capot

Palestinian

Old Rockport

14

1948

Citation †

Coaltown

My Request

Billings

6

1947

Jet Pilot

Phalanx

Faultless

On Trust

13

1946

Assault †

Spy Song

Hampden

Lord Boswell

17

1945

Hoop Jr.

Pot o' Luck

Darby Dieppe

Air Sailor

16

1944

Pensive

Broadcloth

Stir Up

Shut Up

16

1943

Count Fleet †

Blue Swords

Slide Rule

Amber Light

10

1942

Shut Out

Alsab

Valdina Orphan

With Regards

15

1941

Whirlaway †

Staretor

Market Wise

Porter's Cap

11

1940

Gallahadion

Bimelech

Dit

Mioland

8

1939

Johnstown

Challedon

Heather Broom

Viscounty

8

1938

Lawrin

Dauber

Can't Wait

Menow

10

1937

War Admiral †

Pompoon

Reaping Reward

Melodist

20

1936

Bold Venture

Brevity

Indian Broom

Coldstream

14

1935

Omaha †

Roman Soldier

Whiskolo

Nellie Flag

18

1934

Cavalcade

Discovery

Agrarian

Mata Hari

13

1933

Brokers Tip

Head Play

Charley O.

Ladysman

13

1932

Burgoo King

Economic

Stepenfetchit

Brandon Mint

20

1931

Twenty Grand

Sweep All

Mate

Spanish Play

12

1930

Gallant Fox †

Gallant Knight

Ned O.

Gone Away

15

1929

Clyde Van Dusen

Naishapur

Panchio

Blue Larkspur

21

1928

Reigh Count

Misstep

Toro

Jack Higgins

22

1927

Whiskery

Osmand

Jock

Hydromel

15

1926

Bubbling Over

Bagenbaggage

Rock Man

Rhinock

13

1925

Flying Ebony

Captain Hal

Son of John

Single Foot

20

1924

Black Gold

Chilhowee

Beau Butler

Altawood

19

1923

Zev

Martingale

Vigil

Nassau

21

1922

Morvich

Bet Mosie

John Finn

Deadlock

10

1921

Behave Yourself

Black Servant

Prudery

Tryster

12

1920

Paul Jones

Upset

On Watch

Damask

17

1919

Sir Barton †

Billy Kelly

Under Fire

Valcanite

12

1918

Exterminator

Escoba

Viva America

War Cloud

8

1917

Omar Khayyam

Ticket

Midway

Rickety

15

1916

George Smith

Star Hawk

Franklin

Dodge

9

1915

Regret

Pebbles I

Sharpshooter

Royal II

16

1914

Old Rosebud

Hodge

Bronzewing

John Gund

7

1913

Donerail

Ten Point

Gowell

Foundation

8

1912

Worth

Duval

Flamma

Free Lance

7

1911

Meridian

Governor Gray

Colston

Mud Sill

7

1910

Donau

Joe Morris

Fighting Bob

Boola Boola

7

1909

Wintergreen

Miami

Dr. Barkley

Sir Catesby

10

1908

Stone Street

Sir Cleges

Dunvegan

Synchronized

8

1907

Pink Star

Zal

Ovelando

Red Gauntlet

6

1906

Sir Huon

Lady Navarre

James Reddick

Hyperion II

6

1905

Agile

Ram's Horn

Layson

none

3

1904

Elwood

Ed Tierney

Brancas

Prince Silverwings

5

1903

Judge Himes

Early

Bourbon

Bad News

6

1902

Alan-a-Dale

Inventor

The Rival

Abe Frank

4

1901

His Eminence

Sannazarro

Driscoll

Amur

5

1900

Lieut. Gibson

Florizar

Thrive

Highland Lad

7

1899

Manuel

Corsini

Mazo

His Lordship

5

1898

Plaudit

Lieber Karl

Isabey

Han d'Or

4

1897

Typhoon II

Ornament

Dr. Catlett

Dr. Shepard

6

1896

Ben Brush

Ben Eder

Semper Ego

First Mate

8

1895

Halma

Basso

Laureate

Curator

4

1894

Chant

Pearl Song

Sigurd

Al Boyer

5

1893

Lookout

Plutus

Boundless

Buck McCann

6

1892

Azra

Huron

Phil Dwyer

none

3

1891

Kingman

Balgowan

High Tariff

Hart Wallace

4

1890

Riley

Bill Letcher

Robespierre

Palisade

6

1889

Spokane

Proctor Knott

Once Again

Hindoocraft

8

1888

Macbeth II

Gallifet

White

Alexandria

7

1887

Montrose

Jim Gore

Jacobin

Banburg

7

1886

Ben Ali

Blue Wing

Free Knight

Lijero

10

1885

Joe Cotton

Bersan

Ten Booker

Favor

10

1884

Buchanan

Loftin

Audrain

Bob Miles

9

1883

Leonatus

Drake Carter

Lord Raglan

Ascender

7

1882

Apollo

Runnymede

Bengal

Harry Gilmore

14

1881

Hindoo

Lelex

Alfambra

Sligo

6

1880

Fonso

Kimball

Bancroft

Boulevard

5

1879

Lord Murphy

Falsetto

Strathmore

Trinadad

9

1878

Day Star

Himyar

Leveler

Solicitor

9

1877

Baden-Baden

Leonard

King William

Vera Cruz

11

1876

Vagrant

Creedmore

Harry Hill

Parole

11

1875

Aristides

Volcano

Verdigris

Bob Wooley

15

text: A † designates a Triple Crown Winner.

text: Note:  D. Wayne Lukas swept the 1995 Triple Crown with two different horses.

text: *In 1968, Dancer's Image finished first, but was disqualified after a post-race urine sample revealed traces of a banned drug in the horse. The drug in question - phenylbutazone - illegal at the time, is now legal for use on racehorses in many states, including Kentucky. Forward Pass is now the 1968 winner of the Kentucky Derby.

text: *In 1984, Gate Dancer finished fourth, but was disqualified for fouling Fali Time, who was then moved up from 5th to 4th place.


document_title: Texas v. Johnson

question_text: what was the vote of texas vs johnson case

text: Texas v. Johnson

text: Background of the case[edit]

text: Gregory Lee "Joey" Johnson, then a member of the Revolutionary Communist Youth Brigade, participated in a political demonstration during the 1984 Republican National Convention in Dallas, of the Reagan Administration and of certain companies based in Dallas. They marched through the streets, shouted chants, destroyed property, broke windows and threw trash, beer cans, soiled diapers and various other items, and held signs outside the offices of several companies. At one point, another demonstrator handed Johnson an American flag stolen from a flagpole outside one of the targeted buildings.

text: When the demonstrators reached Dallas City Hall, Johnson poured kerosene on the flag and set it on fire. During the burning of the flag, demonstrators shouted such phrases as, "America, the red, white, and blue, we spit on you, you stand for plunder, you will go under," and, "Reagan, Mondale, which will it be? Either one means World War III." No one was hurt, but some witnesses to the flag burning said they were extremely offended. One witness, Daniel E. Walker, received international attention when he collected the burned remains of the flag and buried them according to military protocol in his backyard.[2]

text: Johnson was charged with violating the Texas law that prohibits vandalizing respected objects (desecration of a venerated object). He was convicted, sentenced to one year in prison, and fined $2,000. He appealed his conviction to the Fifth Court of Appeals of Texas, but he lost this appeal. On appeal to the Texas Court of Criminal Appeals the court overturned his conviction, saying that the State could not punish Johnson for burning the flag because the First Amendment protects such activity as symbolic speech.

text: The court said, "Recognizing that the right to differ is the centerpiece of our First Amendment freedoms, a government cannot mandate by fiat a feeling of unity in its citizens. Therefore that very same government cannot carve out a symbol of unity and prescribe a set of approved messages to be associated with that symbol." The court also concluded that the flag burning in this case did not cause or threaten to cause a breach of the peace.

text: Texas asked the Supreme Court of the United States to hear the case. In 1989, the Court handed down its decision.[3]

text: The Supreme Court's decision[edit]

text: The opinion of the Court came down as a controversial 5–4 decision, with the majority opinion delivered by William J. Brennan, Jr. and Justices Thurgood Marshall, Harry Blackmun, Antonin Scalia, and Anthony Kennedy joining Brennan, with Kennedy also writing a concurrence.

text: The Court first considered the question of whether the First Amendment to the United States Constitution protected non-speech acts, since Johnson was convicted of flag desecration rather than verbal communication, and, if so, whether Johnson's burning of the flag constituted expressive conduct, which would permit him to invoke the First Amendment in challenging his conviction.

text: The First Amendment specifically disallows the abridgment of "speech," but the court reiterated its long recognition that its protection does not end at the spoken or written word. This was concluded based on the 1931 case Stromberg v. California (283 U.S. 359) which ruled the display of a red flag as speech, and the 1969 case Tinker v. Des Moines Independent Community School District (393 U.S. 503), which ruled the wearing of a black armband as speech.

text: The Court rejected "the view that an apparently limitless variety of conduct can be labeled 'speech' whenever the person engaging in the conduct intends thereby to express an idea," but acknowledged that conduct may be "sufficiently imbued with elements of communication to fall within the scope of the First and Fourteenth Amendments." In deciding whether particular conduct possesses sufficient communicative elements to bring the First Amendment into play, the court asked whether "an intent to convey a particularized message was present, and [whether] the likelihood was great that the message would be understood by those who viewed it."

text: The Court found that, "Under the circumstances, Johnson's burning of the flag constituted expressive conduct, permitting him to invoke the First Amendment. ... Occurring as it did at the end of a demonstration coinciding with the Republican National Convention, the expressive, overtly political nature of the conduct was both intentional and overwhelmingly apparent." The court concluded that, while "the government generally has a freer hand in restricting expressive conduct than it has in restricting the written or spoken word," it may not "proscribe particular conduct because it has expressive elements."

text: Texas had conceded, however, that Johnson's conduct was expressive in nature. Thus, the key question considered by the Court was "whether Texas has asserted an interest in support of Johnson's conviction that is unrelated to the suppression of expression."

text: At oral argument, the state defended its statute on two grounds: first, that states had a compelling interest in preserving a venerated national symbol; and second, that the state had a compelling interest in preventing breaches of the peace.

text: As to the "breach of the peace" justification, however, the Court found that "no disturbance of the peace actually occurred or threatened to occur because of Johnson's burning of the flag," and Texas conceded as much. The Court rejected Texas's claim that flag burning is punishable on the basis that it "tends to incite" breaches of the peace, citing the test from the 1969 case Brandenburg v. Ohio (395 U.S. 444) that the state may only punish speech that would incite "imminent lawless action," finding that flag burning does not always pose an imminent threat of lawless action. The Court noted that Texas already punished "breaches of the peace" directly.

text: Kennedy's concurrence[edit]

text: Justice Kennedy wrote a concurrence with Brennan's opinion.[4] Kennedy wrote:

text: For we are presented with a clear and simple statute to be judged against a pure command of the Constitution. The outcome can be laid at no door but ours. The hard fact is that sometimes we must make decisions we do not like. We make them because they are right, right in the sense that the law and the Constitution, as we see them, compel the result. And so great is our commitment to the process that, except in the rare case, we do not pause to express distaste for the result, perhaps for fear of undermining a valued principle that dictates the decision. This is one of those rare cases.

text: Though symbols often are what we ourselves make of them, the flag is constant in expressing beliefs Americans share, beliefs in law and peace and that freedom which sustains the human spirit. The case here today forces recognition of the costs to which those beliefs commit us. It is poignant but fundamental that the flag protects those who hold it in contempt.[5]

text: Rehnquist's dissent[edit]

text: Brennan's opinion for the court generated two dissents. Chief Justice William H. Rehnquist, joined by Justices Byron White and Sandra Day O'Connor, argued that the "unique status" of the flag "justifies a governmental prohibition against flag burning in the way respondent Johnson did here." Rehnquist wrote:

text: The American flag, then, throughout more than 200 years of our history, has come to be the visible symbol embodying our Nation. It does not represent the views of any particular political party, and it does not represent any particular political philosophy. The flag is not simply another "idea" or "point of view" competing for recognition in the marketplace of ideas. Millions and millions of Americans regard it with an almost mystical reverence regardless of what sort of social, political, or philosophical beliefs they may have. I cannot agree that the First Amendment invalidates the Act of Congress, and the laws of 48 of the 50 States, which make criminal the public burning of the flag.

text: However, the Johnson majority found the lack of evidence for flag protection in the Constitution that necessitated the claim of "uniqueness" to counter indicate protection of the flag from free speech. They answered the "uniqueness" claim directly: "We have not recognized an exception to [bedrock First Amendment principles] even where our flag has been involved. ... There is, moreover, no indication—either in the text of the Constitution or in our cases interpreting it—that a separate juridical category exists for the American flag alone...We decline, therefore, to create for the flag an exception to the joust of principles protected by the First Amendment."

text: Rehnquist also argued that flag burning is "no essential part of any exposition of ideas" but rather "the equivalent of an inarticulate grunt or roar that, it seems fair to say, is most likely to be indulged in not to express any particular idea, but to antagonize others." He goes on to say that he felt the statute in question was a reasonable restriction only on the manner in which Johnson's idea was expressed, leaving Johnson with, "a full panoply of other symbols and every conceivable form of verbal expression to express his deep disapproval of national policy." He quoted the 1984 Supreme Court decision in City Council of Los Angeles v. Taxpayers for Vincent (466 U.S. 789), where the majority stated that "the First Amendment does not guarantee the right to employ every conceivable method of communication at all times and in all places."

text: Stevens' dissent[edit]

text: Justice John Paul Stevens also wrote a dissenting opinion. Stevens argued that the flag "is more than a proud symbol of the courage, the determination, and the gifts of nature that transformed 13 fledgling Colonies into a world power. It is a symbol of freedom, of equal opportunity, of religious tolerance, and of good will for other peoples who share our aspirations. ... The value of the flag as a symbol cannot be measured." Stevens concluded, therefore, that "The case has nothing to do with 'disagreeable ideas.' It involves disagreeable conduct that, in my opinion, diminishes the value of an important national asset," and that Johnson was punished only for the means by which he expressed his opinion, not the opinion itself.

text: Subsequent developments[edit]

text: The Court's decision invalidated laws in force in 48 of the 50 states. More than two decades later, the issue remained controversial, with polls suggesting that a majority of Americans still supported a ban on flag-burning.[6] Congress did, however, pass a statute, the 1989 Flag Protection Act, making it a federal crime to desecrate the flag. In the 1990 Supreme Court case United States v. Eichman (496 U.S. 310),[7] that law was struck down by the same five person majority of justices as in Texas v. Johnson (in an opinion also written by Justice William Brennan). Since then, Congress has considered the Flag Desecration Amendment several times. The amendment usually passes the House of Representatives, but has always been defeated in the Senate.[citation needed] The most recent attempt occurred when S.J.Res.12[8] failed by one vote on June 27, 2006.