document_title: Vasectomy

question_text: where are the incisions made for a vasectomy

text: Vasectomy

text: Medical uses[edit]

text: A vasectomy is done to prevent fertility in males. It ensures that in most cases the person will be sterile after confirmation of success following surgery. The procedure is regarded as permanent because vasectomy reversal is costly and often does not restore the male's sperm count or sperm motility to prevasectomy levels. Men with vasectomies have a very small (nearly zero) chance of successfully impregnating a woman, but a vasectomy has no effect on rates of sexually transmitted infections.

text: After vasectomy, the testes remain in the scrotum where Leydig cells continue to produce testosterone and other male hormones that continue to be secreted into the blood-stream. Some studies have found that sexual desire after vasectomy may be somewhat diminished.[4][5]

text: When the vasectomy is complete, sperm cannot exit the body through the penis. Sperm are still produced by the testicles, but they are soon broken down and absorbed by the body. Much fluid content is absorbed by membranes in the epididymis, and much solid content is broken down by the responding macrophages and reabsorbed via the blood stream. Sperm is matured in the epididymis for about a month before leaving the testicles. After vasectomy, the membranes must increase in size to absorb and store more fluid; this triggering of the immune system causes more macrophages to be recruited to break down and reabsorb more solid content. Within one year after vasectomy, sixty to seventy per cent of vasectomized men develop antisperm antibodies.[6] In some cases, vasitis nodosa, a benign proliferation of the ductular epithelium, can also result.[7][8] The accumulation of sperm increases pressure in the vas deferens and epididymis. The entry of the sperm into the scrotum can cause sperm granulomas to be formed by the body to contain and absorb the sperm which the body will treat as a foreign biological substance (much like a virus or bacterium).[9]

text: Efficacy[edit]

text: Vasectomy is the most effective permanent form of contraception available to men. In nearly every way that vasectomy can be compared to tubal ligation it has a more positive outlook. Vasectomy is more cost effective, less invasive, has techniques that are emerging that may facilitate easier reversal, and has a much lower risk of postoperative complications. Early failure rates, i.e. pregnancy within a few months after vasectomy, typically result from unprotected sexual intercourse too soon after the procedure while some sperm continue to pass through the vasa deferentia. Most physicians and surgeons who perform vasectomies recommend one (sometimes two) postprocedural semen specimens to verify a successful vasectomy; however, many men fail to return for verification tests citing inconvenience, embarrassment, forgetfulness, or certainty of sterility.[10] In January 2008, the F.D.A. cleared a home test called SpermCheck Vasectomy that allows patients to perform postvasectomy confirmation tests themselves;[11] however, compliance for postvasectomy semen analysis in general remains low.

text: Late failure, i.e. pregnancy following spontaneous recanalization of the vasa deferentia, has also been documented.[12] The Royal College of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists states there is a generally agreed-upon rate of late failure of about one in 2000 vasectomies— better than tubal ligations for which the failure rate is one in every 200 to 300 cases.[13] A 2005 review including both early and late failures described a total of 183 recanalizations from 43,642 vasectomies (0.4%), and sixty pregnancies after 92,184 vasectomies (0.07%).[14]

text: Complications[edit]

text: Short-term possible complications include infection, bruising and bleeding into the scrotum resulting in a collection of blood known as a hematoma. A study in 2012 demonstrated an infection rate of 2.5% postvasectomy.[15] The stitches on the small incisions required are prone to irritation, though this can be minimized by covering them with gauze or small adhesive bandages. The primary long-term complications are chronic pain conditions or syndromes that can affect any of the scrotal, pelvic or lower-abdominal regions, collectively known as post-vasectomy pain syndrome. Though vasectomy results in increases in circulating immune complexes, these increases are transient. Data based on animal and human studies indicate these changes do not result in increased incidence of atherosclerosis. The risk of prostate and testicular cancer is not affected by vasectomy.[16][17][18] According to one study long-term postvasectomy discomfort is experienced at a frequency which ranges between 15% and 33% of vasectomy patients.[19]

text: Postvasectomy pain[edit]

text: Post-vasectomy pain syndrome (P.V.P.S.) is a chronic and sometimes debilitating condition that may develop immediately or several years after vasectomy.[20] One survey cites studies that estimate incidence at one case in every ten to thirty vasectomies.[21] The pain can be constant orchialgia or epididymal pain (epididymitis), or it can be pain that occurs only at particular times such as with sexual intercourse, ejaculation, or physical exertion.[9]

text: Psychological effects[edit]

text: Approximately 90% are generally reported in reviews as being satisfied with having had a vasectomy,[22] while 7–10% of men regret their decision.[23] Regret was less common when both people in the relationship agreed on the procedure.[24]

text: Men who are of a younger age at the time of having a vasectomy are significantly more likely to regret and seek a reversal of their vasectomy, with one study showing men for example in their twenties being 12.5 times more likely to undergo a vasectomy reversal later in life (and including some who chose sterilization at a young age);[25] prevasectomy counseling is therefore of particular importance in younger patients.

text: Dementia[edit]

text: An association between vasectomy and primary progressive aphasia, a rare variety of frontotemporal dementia, was reported.[24] However, it is unclear if there is a causal relationship.[26] The putative mechanism is a cross-reactivity between brain and sperm, including the shared presence of neural surface antigens.[27] In addition, the cytoskeletal tau protein has been found only to exist outside of the CNS in the manchette of sperm.[27]

text: Procedure[edit]

text: The traditional incision approach of vasectomy involves numbing of the scrotum with local anesthetic (although some men's physiology may make access to the vas deferens more difficult in which case general anesthesia may be recommended) after which a scalpel is used to make two small incisions, one on each side of the scrotum at a location that allows the surgeon to bring each vas deferens to the surface for excision. The vasa deferentia are cut (sometimes a section may be removed altogether), separated, and then at least one side is sealed by ligating (suturing), cauterizing (electrocauterization), or clamping.[28] There are several variations to this method that improve healing, effectiveness, and which help mitigate long-term pain such as post-vasectomy pain syndrome (PVPS) or epididymitis.

text:
Fascial interposition: Recanalization of the vas deferens is a known cause of vasectomy failure(s).[29] Fascial interposition ("FI"), in which a tissue barrier is placed between the cut ends of the vas by suturing, may help to prevent this type of failure, increasing the overall success rate of vasectomy while leaving the testicular end within the confines of the fascia.[30] The fascia is a fibrous protective sheath that surrounds the vas deferens as well as all other body muscle tissue. This method, when combined with intraluminal cautery (where one or both sides of the vas deferens are electrically "burned" closed to prevent recanalization), has been shown to increase the success rate of vasectomy procedures.
No-needle anesthesia: Fear of needles for injection of local anesthesia is well known.[31] In 2005, a method of local anesthesia was introduced for vasectomy which allows the surgeon to apply it painlessly with a special jet-injection tool, as opposed to traditional needle application. The numbing agent is forced/pushed onto and deep enough into the scrotal tissue to allow for a virtually pain-free surgery. Initial surveys show a very high satisfaction rate amongst vasectomy patients.[31] Once the effects of no-needle anesthesia set in, the vasectomy procedure is performed in the routine manner.
No-scalpel vasectomy (NSV): Also known as a "key-hole" vasectomy,[28] is a vasectomy in which a sharp hemostat (as opposed to a scalpel) is used to puncture the scrotum. This method has come into widespread use as the resulting smaller "incision" or puncture wound typically limits bleeding and hematomas. Also the smaller wound has less chance of infection, resulting in faster healing times compared to the larger/longer incisions made with a scalpel. The surgical wound created by the No-Scalpel method usually does not require stitches. NSV is the most commonly performed type of minimally invasive vasectomy, and both describe the method of vasectomy that leads to access of the vas deferens.[32]
Open-ended vasectomy: In this procedure the testicular end of the vas deferens is not sealed, which allows continued streaming of sperm into the scrotum. This method may avoid testicular pain resulting from increased back-pressure in the epididymis.[9] Studies suggest that this method may reduce long-term complications such as post-vasectomy pain syndrome.[33][34]
Vas irrigation: Injections of sterile water or euflavine (which kills sperm) are put into the distal portion of the vas at the time of surgery which then brings about a near-immediate sterile ("azoospermatic") condition. The use of euflavine does however, tend to decrease time (or, number of) ejaculations to azoospermia vs. the water irrigation by itself. This additional step in the vasectomy procedure, (and similarly, fascial interposition), has shown positive results but is not as prominently in use, and few surgeons offer it as part of their vasectomy procedure.[35]

text: Other techniques[edit]

text: The following vasectomy methods have purportedly had a better chance of later reversal but have seen less use by virtue of known higher failure rates (i.e., recanalization). An earlier clip device, the VasClip, is no longer on the market, due to unacceptably high failure rates.[36][37][38]

text: The VasClip method, though considered reversible, has had a higher cost and resulted in lower success rates. Also, because the vasa deferentia are not cut or tied with this method, it could technically be classified as other than a vasectomy. Vasectomy reversal (and the success thereof) was conjectured to be higher as it only required removing the Vas-Clip device. This method achieved limited use, and scant reversal data are available.[38]

text: Vas occlusion techniques[edit]

text:
Injected plugs: There are two types of injected plugs which can be used to block the vasa deferentia. Medical-grade polyurethane (M.P.U.) or medical-grade silicone rubber (MSR) starts as a liquid polymer that is injected into the vas deferens after which the liquid is clamped in place until is solidifies (usually in a few minutes).[39]
Intra-vas device: The vasa deferentia can also be occluded by an intra-vas device (IVD). A small cut is made in the lower abdomen after which a soft silicone or urethane plug is inserted into each vas tube thereby blocking (occluding) sperm. This method allows for the vas to remain intact. IVD technique is done in an out-patient setting with local anesthetic, similar to a traditional vasectomy. IVD reversal can be performed under the same conditions making it much less costly than vasovasostomy which can require general anesthesia and longer surgery time.[40]

text: Both vas occlusion techniques require the same basic patient setup: local anesthesia, puncturing of the scrotal sac for access of the vas, and then plug or injected plug occlusion. The success of the aforementioned vas occlusion techniques is not clear and data are still limited. Studies have shown, however, that the time to achieve sterility is longer than the more prominent techniques mentioned in the beginning of this article. The satisfaction rate of patients undergoing IVD techniques has a high rate of satisfaction with regard to the surgery experience itself.[35]

text: Recovery[edit]

text: Sexual intercourse can usually be resumed in about a week (depending on recovery); however, pregnancy is still possible as long as the sperm count is above zero. Another method of contraception must be relied upon until a sperm count is performed either two months after the vasectomy or after ten to twenty ejaculations have occurred.[41]

text: After a vasectomy, contraceptive precautions must be continued until azoospermia is confirmed. Usually two semen analyses at three and four months are necessary to confirm azoospermia. The British Andrological Society has recommended that a single semen analysis confirming azoospermia after sixteen weeks is sufficient.[42]

text: Conceiving after vasectomy[edit]

text: In order to allow the possibility of reproduction via artificial insemination after vasectomy, some men opt for cryopreservation of sperm before sterilization. It is advised that all men having a vasectomy consider freezing some sperm before the procedure. Dr Allan Pacey (senior lecturer in andrology at Sheffield University and secretary of the British Fertility Society) notes that men who he sees for a vasectomy reversal which has not worked, express wishing they knew they could have stored sperm. Pacey notes, "The problem is you're asking a man to foresee a future where he might not necessarily be with his current partner—and that may be quite hard to do when she's sitting next to you."[43]

text: The cost of cryopreservation (sperm banking) itself may also be substantially less (approximately every five years) than alternative vaso-vasectomy procedure(s), compared to the costs of in-vitro fertilization which usually run to US$15,000.[citation needed]

text: Intracytoplasmic sperm injection: Sperm can be aspirated from the testicles or the epididymis, and while there is not enough for successful artificial insemination, there is enough to fertilize an ovum by ICSI This avoids the problem of antisperm antibodies and may result in a faster pregnancy. IVF (In-vitro fertilization) may be less costly (see aforementioned text) per cycle than reversal in some health-care systems, but a single I.V.F. cycle is often insufficient for conception. Disadvantages include the need for procedures on the woman, and the standard potential side-effects of I.V.F. for both the mother and the child.[44]

text: Vasectomy reversal[edit]

text: Although men considering vasectomies should not think of them as reversible, and most men and their partners are satisfied with the operation,[45][46] life circumstances and outlooks can change, and there is a surgical procedure to reverse vasectomies using vasovasostomy (a form of microsurgery first performed by Earl Owen in 1971[47][48]). Vasovasostomy is effective at achieving pregnancy in a variable percentage of cases, and total out-of-pocket costs in the United States are often upwards of $10,000.[49] The typical success rate of pregnancy following a vasectomy reversal is around 55% if performed within 10 years, and drops to around 25% if performed after 10 years.[50] After reversal, sperm counts and motility are usually much lower than pre-vasectomy levels. There is evidence that men who have had a vasectomy may produce more abnormal sperm, which would explain why even a mechanically successful reversal does not always restore fertility.[51][52] The higher rates of aneuploidy and diploidy in the sperm cells of men who have undergone vasectomy reversal may lead to a higher rate of birth defects.[51]

text: Some reasons that men seek vasectomy reversals include wanting a family with a new partner following a relationship break-down/divorce, their original wife/partner dying and subsequently going on to repartner and to want children, the unexpected death of a child, or a long-standing couple changing their minds some time later, often prompted by situations such as improved finances or existing children approaching the age of school or leaving home.[43] Patients often comment that they never anticipated the possibility of a relationship break-down or death (of their partner or child), or how that may affect their situation at the time of having their vasectomy. A small number of vasectomy reversals are also performed in attempts to relieve postvasectomy pain syndrome.[53]

text: Prevalence[edit]

text: Internationally, vasectomy rates are vastly different.[54] While female sterilisation is the most widely used method worldwide, with 223 million women relying on it, only 28 million women rely on their partner’s vasectomy.[55] In the world’s 69 least developed countries less than 0.1% of men use vasectomies on average. Of 54 African countries, only ten report measurable vasectomy use and only Swaziland, Botswana, and South Africa exceed 0·1% prevalence.[54]

text:
country
vasectomy usage
notes

Canada
22%
"of all women rely on vasectomy"

UK
17% - 21%
only range given

New Zealand
17% to 21%
only range given

South Korea
17% to 21%
only range given

Australia
~10%

Belgium
~10%

Denmark
~10%

Spain
~10%

 Switzerland
~10%

Swaziland
0.3%

Botswana
0.4%

South Africa
0.7%

text: In North America and Europe vasectomy usage is on the order of 10% with some countries reaching 20%.[54] Despite its high efficacy, in the United States, vasectomy is utilized less than half the rate of the alternative female tubal ligation.[56] According to the research, vasectomy is least utilized among black and Latin populations, the U.S. groups that have the highest rates of female sterilization.[56]

text: New Zealand, in contrast to the U.S., has higher levels of vasectomy than tubal ligation uptake. 18% of all men, and 25% of all married men have had a vasectomy. The age cohort with the highest level of vasectomy was 40–49, where 57% of men had taken it up.[57] Canada, the UK, Bhutan and the Netherlands all have similar levels of uptake.[58]

text: History[edit]

text: The first recorded vasectomy was performed on a dog in 1823.[59] A short time after that, R. Harrison of London performed the first human vasectomy; however the surgery was not done for sterilization purposes, but to bring about atrophy of the prostate.[citation needed] Soon, however, it was believed to have benefits for eugenics. The first case report of vasectomy in the U.S. was in 1897, by A. J. Ochsner, a surgeon in Chicago, in a paper titled, "Surgical treatment of habitual criminals." He believed vasectomy to be a simple, effective means for stemming the tide of racial degeneration widely believed to be occurring.[citation needed] In 1902, Harry C. Sharp, the surgeon at the Indiana Reformatory, reported that he had sterilized 42 inmates, in an effort to both reduce criminal behavior in those individuals and prevent the birth of future criminals.[60]

text: However, some vasectomies were not performed with the goal of sterilization in mind. Eugen Steinach (1861–1944), an Austrian physician, believed that a unilateral vasectomy (severing only one of the two vas deferentia) in older men could restore general vigor and sexual potency, shrink enlarged prostates, and cure various ailments by somehow boosting the hormonal output of the vasectomied testicle.[61] This surgery, which became very popular in the 1920s, was undertaken by many wealthy men, including Sigmund Freud and W. B. Yeats.[62] Since these operations lacked rigorous controlled trials, any rejuvenating effect was likely due to the Placebo Effect, and with the later development of synthetic injectable hormones, this operation fell out of vogue.[61][63]

text: Vasectomy began to be regarded as a method of consensual birth control during the Second World War.[citation needed] The first vasectomy program on a national scale was launched in 1954 in India.[64]

text: Society and culture[edit]

text: Availability and legality[edit]

text: Vasectomy costs are (or may be) covered in different countries, as a method of both contraception or population control, with some offering it as a part of a national health insurance. The Affordable Care Act of the U.S. does not cover vasectomy. Vasectomy was generally considered illegal in France until 2001, due to provisions in the Napoleonic Code forbidding "self-mutilation". No French law specifically mentioned vasectomy until a 2001 law on contraception and foeticide permitted the procedure.[65]

text: Ideological issues[edit]

text: The emphasis on "shared responsibility" has been taken up in recent research and articles by Terry and Braun, who regard much of the earlier psychological research on vasectomy as seemingly negative, or 'suspicious' in tone.[66] In research based on 16 New Zealand men (chosen for their enthusiasm on the topic of vasectomy), researchers extracted primary themes from their interviews of "taking responsibility" and "vasectomy as an act of minor heroism".[67]

text: The need to "target men’s involvement in reproductive and contraceptive practices" was historically raised on a global scale at the 1994 International Conference on Population and Development (ICPD) in Cairo,[68] in relation to both population control and decreasing the levels of inequality in the ‘contraceptive burden’, which has traditionally placed responsibility for contraception unfairly upon women. Vigoya has referred to a global "cultura anticonceptiva femenina"—a female contraceptive culture, where, despite the possibility of men taking more responsibility for contraception, there is virtually nowhere in the world where true contraceptive equality exists.[69]

text: Critical health researchers emphasize the positive identities that men can take up post vasectomy, as a "man who takes on responsibility for the contraceptive task"[67] and a man who is willing to "sacrifice" his fertility for his partner and family's sake.[66] Often these sorts of accounts are constructed within the 'contraceptive economy' of a relationship, in which women have maintained responsibility of the contraceptive task up until the point of the operation. Terry notes that a man undergoing a vasectomy may also mean he receives a high degree of gratitude and positive reinforcement for making the choice to be sterilised, perhaps more so than a woman who has been on an oral contraceptive or similar for years prior.[67]

text: Tourism[edit]

text: Medical tourism, where a patient travels to a less developed location where a procedure is cheaper to save money and combine convalescence with a vacation, is infrequently used for vasectomy due to its low cost, but is more likely to be used for vasectomy reversal. Many overseas hospitals list vasectomy as one of their qualified surgical procedures. Medical tourism has come under the scrutiny of some governments for quality of care and postoperative care issues.[70]


document_title: All in the Family

question_text: what president is named in the theme song to all in the family

question_tokens: what president is named in the theme song to all in the family

root

text: All in the Family

text: Premise[edit]

text: All in the Family is about a typical white working-class family living in Queens, New York. Its patriarch is Archie Bunker (O'Connor), an outspoken, narrow-minded man, seemingly prejudiced against everyone who is not like him or his idea of how people should be. Archie's wife Edith (Jean Stapleton) is sweet and understanding, though somewhat naïve and uneducated; her husband sometimes disparagingly calls her "dingbat". Their one child, Gloria (Sally Struthers), is generally kind and good-natured like her mother, but displays traces of her father's stubbornness; unlike them, however, she is a feminist. Gloria is married to college student Michael Stivic (Reiner) – referred to as "Meathead" by Archie – whose values are likewise influenced and shaped by the counterculture of the 1960s. The two couples represent the real-life clash of values between the Greatest Generation and Baby Boomers. For much of the series, the Stivics live in the Bunkers' home to save money, providing abundant opportunity for them to irritate each other.

tag: p

text: The show is set in the Corona section of Queens, with the vast majority of scenes taking place in the Bunkers' home at 704 Hauser Street. Occasional scenes take place in other locations, especially during later seasons, such as Kelsey's Bar, a neighborhood tavern where Archie spends a good deal of time and which he eventually buys, and the Stivics' home after Mike and Gloria move to the house next door. The house seen in the opening is at 89-70 Cooper Avenue near the junction of the Glendale, Middle Village, and Rego Park sections of Queens.[9] Supporting characters represent the demographics of the neighborhood, especially the African American Jeffersons, who live in the house next door in the early seasons.

text: Cast[edit]

text: Main characters[edit]

text:
Carroll O'Connor as Archie Bunker: Frequently called a "lovable bigot", Archie was an assertively prejudiced blue-collar worker. A World War II veteran, Archie longs for better times when people sharing his viewpoint were in charge, as evidenced by the nostalgic theme song "Those Were the Days" (also the show's original title). Despite his bigotry, he is portrayed as loving and decent, as well as a man who is simply struggling to adapt to the changes in the world, rather than someone motivated by hateful racism or prejudice. His ignorance and stubbornness seem to cause his malapropism-filled arguments to self-destruct. He often rejects uncomfortable truths by blowing a raspberry. Former child actor Mickey Rooney was Lear's first choice to play Archie, but Rooney declined the offer because of the strong potential for controversy, and in Rooney's opinion, a poor chance for success. Scott Brady, formerly of the Western series Shotgun Slade, also declined the role of Archie Bunker, but appeared four times on the series in 1976 in the role of Joe Foley. O'Connor appears in all but seven episodes of the series' run.
Jean Stapleton as Edith Bunker, née Baines: Edith is Archie's ditzy but kind-hearted wife. Archie often tells her to "stifle" herself and calls her a "dingbat", and although Edith generally defers to her husband's authority and endures his insults, on the rare occasions when Edith takes a stand, she proves to have a simple but profound wisdom.[10] Despite their different personalities, they love each other deeply. Stapleton developed Edith's distinctive voice.[11] Stapleton remained with the show through the original series run, but decided to leave at that time. During the first season of Archie Bunker's Place, Edith was seen in four episodes in guest appearances. After that point, Edith was written out as having suffered a stroke and died off-camera, leaving Archie to deal with the death of his beloved "dingbat". Stapleton appeared in all but four episodes of All in the Family. In the series' first episode, Edith is portrayed as being less of a dingbat and even sarcastically refers to her husband as "Mr. Religion, here..." after they come home from church, something her character would not be expected to say later.
Sally Struthers as Gloria Stivic, née Bunker: The Bunkers' college-aged daughter who is married to Michael Stivic. She has the generally kind nature of her mother, but the stubbornness of her father, which early in the series manifests as childishness, later as a more mature feminism. Gloria frequently attempts to mediate between her father and husband, generally siding with the latter. The roles of the Bunkers' daughter and son-in-law (then named "Dickie") initially went to Candice Azzara and Chip Oliver. However, after seeing the show's pilot, ABC requested a second pilot expressing dissatisfaction with both actors. Lear later recast the roles of Gloria and Dickie with Struthers and Reiner. Penny Marshall (Reiner's wife, whom he married in April 1971, shortly after the program began) was also considered for the role of Gloria. During the earlier seasons of the show, Struthers was known to be discontented with how static her part was and, in 1974, sued to get out of her contract. But the character became more developed, satisfying her.[12] Struthers appeared in 157 of the 202 episodes during the first eight seasons—from January 12, 1971 to March 19, 1978. She later reprised the role in the spin-off series Gloria, which lasted for a single season in 1982–1983.
Rob Reiner as Michael Stivic: Gloria's Polish-American hippie husband is part of the counterculture of the 1960s. While good-hearted and well-meaning, he constantly spars with Archie, and is equally stubborn, although his moral views are generally presented as being more ethical and his logic somewhat sounder. He is the most-educated person in the household, a fact which gives him a self-assured arrogance, and despite his intellectual belief in progressive social values, he tends to expect Gloria to defer to him as her husband. As discussed in All in the Family retrospectives, Richard Dreyfuss sought the part, but Norman Lear was convinced to cast Reiner. Harrison Ford turned down the role, citing Archie Bunker's bigotry. Reiner appeared in 174 of the 202 episodes of the series during the first eight seasons—from January 12, 1971 to March 19, 1978. Reiner is also credited with writing three of the series' episodes.[13]
Danielle Brisebois as the cute nine-year-old daughter of one of Edith's cousins, Stephanie Mills, who is a regular throughout the ninth season. Despite being cute and having a sweet side, she is smart, clever, and does give her own few remarks at Archie from time to time. The Bunkers take her in after the child's father, Floyd Mills, abandons her on their doorstep in 1978 (he later extorts money from them to let them keep her). She remained with the show through its transition to Archie Bunker's Place, and appeared in all four seasons of the latter show.

tag: ul

text: Supporting characters[edit]

text:
Sherman Hemsley as George Jefferson, Isabel Sanford as his wife Louise, and Mike Evans as their son Lionel, Archie's black neighbors: George is Archie's combative black counterpart, while Louise is a smarter, more assertive version of Edith. Lionel first appeared in the series' premiere episode "Meet the Bunkers", with Louise appearing later in the first season. Although George had been mentioned many times, he was not seen until 1973. Hemsley, who was Norman Lear's first choice to play George, was performing in the Broadway musical Purlie and did not want to break his commitment to that show. However, Lear kept the role waiting for him until he had finished with the musical. Plots frequently find Archie and George at odds with one another, while Edith and Louise attempt to join forces to bring about a resolution. They later moved to an apartment in Manhattan in their own show, The Jeffersons.
Mel Stewart, as George's brother Henry Jefferson: The two appeared together only once, in the 1973 episode in which the Bunkers host Henry's going-away party, marking Stewart's final episode and Hemsley's first. After the Jeffersons were spun off into their own show in 1975, Stewart's character was rarely referred to again and was never seen. In the closing credits of "The First and Last Supper" episode, Mel Stewart is incorrectly credited as playing George Jefferson. Stewart was actually playing George's brother, Henry Jefferson, who was pretending to be George for most of the episode. (Season 1-4, 8 episodes)
Bea Arthur as Edith's cousin Maude: Maude was white-collared and ultra-liberal, the perfect foil to Archie, and one of his main antagonists. She appeared in only two episodes, "Cousin Maude's Visit", where she took care of the Bunker household when all four were sick, and "Maude" from the show's second season, which was basically a backdoor pilot. Her spin-off series, Maude, began in fall 1972. (Season 2, 2 episodes)
Betty Garrett and Vincent Gardenia as the liberal and Roman Catholic next-door neighbors Irene and Frank Lorenzo: Both first appeared as a married couple as Irene was trying to use the Bunker's phone. During an argument earlier in the episode, Archie and Mike had broken the phone wire. Irene being a 'handyman' of sorts with her own tools, which she carried in her purse, fixed it. Irene fixed many things at the Bunker house during her time on the show. She also had a sister who was a nun and appeared in one episode. "Edith's Christmas Story" reveals that Irene has had a mastectomy. Archie got her a job as a forklift operator at the plant where he worked. Irene was a strong-willed woman of Irish heritage, and Frank was a jovial Italian househusband who loved cooking and singing. He also was a salesman, but what he sold was never said. Gardenia, who also appeared as Jim Bowman in episode eight of season one (as the man who sold his house to the Jeffersons) and as Curtis Rempley in episode seven of season three (as a swinger opposite Rue McClanahan), became a semiregular along with Garrett in 1973. Gardenia only stayed for one season as Frank Lorenzo, but Garrett remained until her character was phased out in late 1975. (Season 4-6)
Allan Melvin as Archie's neighbor and good friend Barney Hefner: Barney started appearing in 1972 as a recurring character. Over time, he appeared progressively more often until he became a regular. He appeared as a regular in all four seasons of Archie Bunker's Place. He also appeared in the first season as a desk sergeant at a police precinct.

text: Recurring characters[edit]

text:
James Cromwell as Jerome [14] "Stretch" Cunningham (1973–1976) "The Funniest Man in The World", Archie's friend and co-worker from the loading dock (Archie claims that he is known as the "Bob Hope" of the loading platform): What Archie did not know was that Stretch was Jewish, evident only after Stretch died and Archie went to the funeral. Archie's eulogy (or "urology" as he called it) for his friend is often referred to as a rare occasion when he was capable of showing the humanity he tried so earnestly to hide. In the episode titled "Archie in the Cellar", Billy Sands is referred to as Stretch Cunningham, the voice on the tape recorder telling jokes. Sands also appeared as other characters on the show during its run, in Kelsey's Bar as a patron. (Season 5, 3 episodes)
Liz Torres as Theresa Betancourt (1976–1977): A Puerto Rican nursing student who meets Archie when he is admitted to the hospital for surgery. She later rents Mike and Gloria's former room at the Bunker house. She called Archie "Papi". Torres had just completed the first season of the CBS sitcom Phyllis in the spring of 1976 before being dropped from the cast. (She had replaced the late actress Barbara Colby in the role of Julie Erskine.) Torres joined All in the Family in the fall of 1976, but her character was not popular with viewers, and the role was phased out before the end of the season. (Season 7, 7 episodes)
Billy Halop as Mr. Munson (1971–74), the cab driver who lets Archie use his cab to make extra money. (Season 1-3 & 5-6, 10 episodes)
Bob Hastings as Kelcy or Tommy Kelsey, who owns the bar Archie frequents and later buys: Kelcy was also played by Frank Maxwell in the episode "Archie Gets The Business". The name of the establishment is Kelcy's Bar (as seen in the bar window in various episodes). However, due to a continuity error, the end credits[15] of episodes involving the bar owner spell the name "Kelcy" for the first two seasons and "Kelsey" thereafter, although the end credits show "Kelcy" in the "Archie Gets the Business" episode.
Jason Wingreen as Harry Snowden, a bartender at Kelcy's Bar who continues to work there after Archie purchases it as his business partner: Harry had tried to buy the bar from Kelcy, but Archie was able to come up with the money first, by taking a mortgage out on his house, which the Bunkers owned outright.
Gloria LeRoy as Mildred "Boom-Boom" Turner, a buxom, middle-aged secretary at the plant where Archie works: Her first appearance was when Archie is lost on his way to a convention and Mike and Gloria suspect he and she could be having an affair. Archie gave her that moniker as she was walking by the loading dock. He said when she walked, "Boom-Boom". She is not fond of Archie because he and Stretch leer at her and because of their sexist behavior, but later becomes friendly with him, occasionally working as a barmaid at Archie's Place. Gloria LeRoy also appeared in a third-season episode as "Bobbi Jo" Loomis, the wife of Archie's old war buddy "Duke".
Barnard Hughes as Father Majeskie, a local Catholic priest who was suspected by Archie one time of trying to convert Edith: He appeared in multiple episodes. The first time was when Edith accidentally hit Majeskie's car near the local supermarket with a can of cling peaches in heavy syrup. (Season 2,3 & 4, 3 episodes)
Eugene Roche appeared as practical jokester friend and fellow lodge member "Pinky Peterson", one of Archie Bunker's buddies, in three episodes, first in the episode "Beverly Rides Again", then the memorable Christmas Day episode called "The Draft Dodger" (episode 146, 1976), and finally the episode "Archie's Other Wife". (Season 7 & 9, 3 episodes)
Sorrell Booke as Lyle Sanders, personnel manager at Archie Bunker's workplace, Prendergast Tool and Die Company: He had appeared on the series as Lyle Bennett, the manager of a local television station, in the episode "Archie and the Editorial" in season three.
Lori Shannon played Beverly La Salle, a transvestite entertainer, who appeared in three episodes: "Archie the Hero", "Beverly Rides Again", and "Edith's Crisis of Faith". In that third episode, Mike and Beverly are attacked, and he dies in a hospital from injuries suffered during the fight.[16]
Estelle Parsons as Blanche Hefner (1977–1979), Barney's second wife: Blanche and Archie are not fond of one another, though Edith likes her very much. The character is mentioned throughout much of the series after Barney's first wife, Mabel, had died, though she only appeared in a handful of episodes during the last few seasons. Estelle Parsons also appeared in the season-seven episode "Archie's Secret Passion" as Dolores Fencel. (Season 7 & 9)
Bill Quinn as Mr. Edgar van Ranseleer (Mr. van R), a blind patron and regular at the bar: He was almost never referred to by his first name. In a running joke, Archie usually waves his hand in front of Mr. van R's face when he speaks to him. His role was later expanded on Archie Bunker's Place, where he appeared in all four seasons.
Burt Mustin as Justin Quigley, a feisty octogenarian/nonagenarian: Mr. Quigley first appeared in the episode: "Edith Finds an Old Man" (season four, episode three, Sept 23, 1973) where he runs away from an old age home. He temporarily moves in with the Bunkers but quickly leaves to share an apartment with his friend Josephine "Jo" Nelson, played by Ruth McDevitt. He appeared in several other episodes, including "Archie's Weighty Problem". Mr. Mustin previously appeared in a first-season episode as Harry Feeney, the night watchman at Archie's workplace. (1, 4-6, 5 episodes)
Nedra Volz as Aunt Iola: Edith's aunt, she was mentioned several times in the eighth season and stayed with the Bunkers for two weeks. Edith wanted her to move in, but Archie would not allow it, though when he thought Iola did not have any place to go, he told her privately that she could always stay with them.
Francine Beers and Jane Connell as Sybil Gooley, who worked at Ferguson's Market: Frequently mentioned, usually by Edith, Sybil predicted that Gloria and Mike were having a baby boy by performing a ring on a string "swing test" over Gloria's abdomen. Sybil also appeared in the episode "Edith's 50th Birthday" and spilled the beans on her surprise party because she had not been invited. Archie and she did not get along, and he referred to her as a "Big Mouth".
Rae Allen and Elizabeth Wilson as Cousin Amelia: Archie detested Amelia and her husband, Russ, who were both wealthy. Once, she sent Edith a mink and Archie wanted to send it back, until he found out how much it was worth. In another episode, Amelia and her husband visit the Bunkers to bring them gifts from a recent trip to Hawaii, but in a private moment, Amelia shares with Edith that, despite appearances, she and Russ are considering a divorce. The character was played by two different actresses in three episodes of the show.
Richard Dysart and George S. Irving as Russ DeKuyper, Amelia's husband. He is a plumbing contractor who continued the business started by Amelia's father and uncles. He constantly flaunts his monetary wealth in front of Archie and looks askance at the way Archie lives, forgetting that he walked into a profitable plumbing business. He appeared in two of the episodes that featured Amelia
Clyde Kusatsu as Reverend Chong appeared in three episodes. He refused to baptize little Joey in season six, and then remarried Archie and Edith, and Mike and Gloria in season eight, and gave counsel to Stephanie in season nine as it was learned that she was Jewish. (Season 6, 8 & 9, 3 episodes)
Ruth McDevitt as Josephine "Jo" Nelson: She played the girlfriend of Justin Quigley, the older man Edith found walking around the supermarket. She appeared in three episodes from seasons four through six. Gloria and Mike adopted them as their godgrandparents. Of most of the characters, Archie took a liking to Justin and Jo. She died following the end of the sixth season. (Season 4 & 5, 3 episodes)
William Benedict as Jimmy McNabb: The Bunkers' neighbor, he appeared in two episodes during the first and second seasons, and was referred to many times during the first few seasons.
Jack Grimes as Mr. Whitehead: A member of Archie's lodge, he was the local funeral director. The death of Archie's cousin Oscar in a season-two episode of All in the Family brings the very short, white-haired, and silver-tongued Whitehead with his catalog of caskets. (Season 2 & 4, 2 episodes)

text: History and production[edit]

text: This section needs additional citations for verification. Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. (January 2015) (Learn how and when to remove this template message)

tag: table

text: The show came about when Norman Lear read an article in Variety magazine on Till Death Us Do Part and its success in the United Kingdom.[17] He immediately knew it portrayed a relationship just like the one between his father and him.[18]

text: Lear bought the rights to the show and incorporated his own family experiences with his father into the show. Lear's father would tell Lear's mother to "stifle herself" and she would tell Lear's father "you are the laziest white man I ever saw" (two "Archieisms" that found their way onto the show).

text: The original pilot was titled Justice for All[19] and was developed for ABC. Tom Bosley, Jack Warden, and Jackie Gleason were all considered for the role of Archie Bunker. In fact, CBS wanted to buy the rights to the original show and retool it specifically for Gleason, who was under contract to them, but producer Lear beat out CBS for the rights and offered the show to ABC.

text: In the pilot, Carroll O'Connor and Jean Stapleton played Archie and Edith Justice. Kelly Jean Peters played Gloria and Tim McIntire played her husband, Richard. It was taped in October 1968 in New York City. After screening the first pilot, ABC gave the producers more money to shoot a second pilot, titled Those Were the Days,[20] which was taped in February 1969 in Hollywood. Candice Azzara played Gloria and Chip Oliver played Richard. D'Urville Martin played Lionel Jefferson in both pilots.

text: After stations' and viewers' complaints caused ABC to cancel Turn-On after only one episode in February 1969, the network became uneasy about airing a show with a "foul-mouthed, bigoted lead" character, and rejected the series[21][22] at about the time Richard Dreyfuss sought the role of Michael. Rival network CBS was eager to update its image and was looking to replace much of its then popular "rural" programming (Mayberry R.F.D., The Beverly Hillbillies, Petticoat Junction, and Green Acres) with more "urban", contemporary series and was interested in Lear's project. CBS bought the rights from ABC and retitled the show All in the Family. The pilot episode CBS developed had the final cast and was the series' first episode.

text: Lear wanted to shoot in black and white as Till Death Us Do Part had been. While CBS insisted on color, Lear had the set furnished in neutral tones, keeping everything relatively devoid of color. As costume designer Rita Riggs described in her 2001 Archive of American Television interview, Lear's idea was to create the feeling of sepia tones, in an attempt to make viewers feel as if they were looking at an old family album.

text: All in the Family was the first major American series to be videotaped in front of a live studio audience. In the 1960s, most sitcoms had been filmed in the single-camera format without audiences, with a laugh track simulating an audience response. Lear employed the multiple-camera format of shooting in front of an audience, but used tape, whereas previous multiple-camera shows like Mary Tyler Moore had used film. Due to the success of All in the Family, videotaping sitcoms in front of an audience became a common format for the genre during the 1970s, '80s, and '90s. The use of videotape also gave All in the Family the look and feel of early live television, including the original live broadcasts of The Honeymooners, to which All in the Family is sometimes compared.

text: For the show's final season, the practice of being taped before a live audience changed to playing the already taped and edited show to an audience and recording their laughter to add to the original sound track. Thus, the voice-over during the end credits was changed from Rob Reiner's "All in the Family was recorded on tape before a live audience" to Carroll O'Connor's "All in the Family was played to a studio audience for live responses". (Typically, the audience was gathered for a taping of One Day at a Time, and got to see All In the Family as a bonus.) Throughout its run, Norman Lear took pride in the fact that canned laughter was never used (mentioning this on many occasions); the laughter heard in the episodes was genuine.

text: Theme song[edit]

text: The series' opening theme song "Those Were The Days",[23] was written by Lee Adams (lyrics) and Charles Strouse (music). It was presented in a way that was unique for a 1970s series: Carroll O'Connor and Jean Stapleton were seated at a console or spinet piano (played by Stapleton) and sang the tune together on-camera at the start of every episode, concluding with live-audience applause. (The song dates back to the first Justice For All pilot, although on that occasion O'Connor and Stapleton performed the song off-camera and at a faster tempo than the series version.) Six different performances were recorded over the run of the series, including one version that includes additional lyrics. The song is a simple, pentatonic melody (that can be played exclusively with black keys on a piano) in which Archie and Edith wax nostalgic for the simpler days of yesteryear. A longer version of the song was released as a single on Atlantic Records, reaching number 43 on the U.S. Billboard Hot 100 and number 30 on the Billboard Adult Contemporary chart in early 1972; the additional lyrics in this longer version lend the song a greater sense of sadness, and make poignant reference to social changes taking place in the 1960s and early 1970s.

text:
Those Were The Days
Boy, the way Glenn Miller played
Songs that made the hit parade
Guys like us, we had it made
Those were the days!

text:
And you knew where you were then
Girls were girls, and men were men
Mister, we could use a man like Herbert Hoover again

text:
Didn't need no welfare state
Everybody pulled his weight
Gee, our old LaSalle ran great
Those were the days!

text: In the original 1968 pilot episode an additional verse was sung:

text:
Had my twelve-tube radio
Loved The Eddie Cantor Show
Oh where did all that beauty go?
Those were the days!

text: A few perceptible drifts can be observed when listening to each version chronologically. In the original version, the lyric "Those Were The Days" was sung over the tonic (root chord of the song's key), and the piano strikes a dominant 7th passing chord in transition to the next part, which is absent from subsequent versions. Jean Stapleton's screeching high note on the line "And you knew who you WEEERRE then" became louder, longer, and more comical, although only in the original version did the line draw a laugh from the audience. Carroll O'Connor's pronunciation of "welfare state" gained more of Archie's trademark whining enunciation, and the closing lyrics (especially "Gee, our old LaSalle ran great") were sung with increasingly deliberate articulation, as viewers had complained that they could not understand the words. Also in the original version, the camera angle was shot slightly from the right side of the talent as opposed to the straight on angle of the next version. Jean Stapleton performed the theme song without glasses beginning in season 6.

text: In addition to O'Connor and Stapleton singing, footage is also shown beginning with aerial shots of Manhattan, and continuing to Queens, progressively zooming in, culminating with a still shot of a lower middle-class semidetached home, presumably representing the Bunkers' house in Astoria. The house shown in the opening credits, however, is actually located at 89–70 Cooper Avenue in the Glendale section of Queens,[24][25] New York. A notable difference exists, however, between the Cooper Avenue house and the All in the Family set: the Cooper Avenue house has no porch, while the Bunkers' home featured a front porch. The footage for the opening had been shot back in 1968 for the series' first pilot, thus the establishing shot of the Manhattan skyline was completely devoid of the World Trade Center towers, which had not yet been built. When the series aired two years later, the Trade Center towers, although under construction, had still not yet risen high enough to become a prominent feature on the Manhattan skyline (this did not happen until the end of 1971). Despite this change in the Manhattan skyline, the original 1968 footage continued to be used for the series opening until the series transitioned into Archie Bunker's Place in 1979. At that time, a new opening with current shots of the Manhattan skyline was used with the Trade Center towers being seen in the closing credits. This opening format – showing actual footage of the cities and neighborhoods in which the show was set – became the standard for most of Norman Lear's sitcoms, including Maude, Good Times, and The Jeffersons.

text: At the end of the opening, the camera then returns to a few final seconds of O'Connor and Stapleton, as they finish the song. At the end of the original version, Edith smiles at Archie and Archie smiles off at a slight distance. In the longest running version (from season 2 to season 5), Edith smiles blissfully at Archie, and Archie puts a cigar in his mouth and returns a rather cynical, sheepish look to Edith. From season 6 through the season 8, Edith smiles and rests her chin on Archie's shoulder. In the final season, Edith hugs Archie at the conclusion. Additionally, in the first three versions of the opening, Archie is seen wearing his classic trademark white shirt. In the last version of the opening for the series' ninth season, Archie is seen wearing a grey sweater-jacket over his white shirt. In all versions of the opening, the song's conclusion is accompanied by applause from the studio audience.

text: The opening for the animated series Family Guy begins with Peter and Lois Griffin singing at the piano, a tribute to the All in the Family opening. As with "Those Were the Days", the lyrics to the Family Guy theme song also seem to imply that things have changed for the worse since the old days ("But where are those good old fashioned values/On which we used to rely?"). The All in the Family opening is also parodied in The Simpsons ninth-season episode "Lisa's Sax", as Homer and Marge Simpson sit at a piano and perform "Those Were the Days" with altered lyrics pertaining to the episode's plot.

text: In interviews, Norman Lear stated that the idea for the piano song introduction was a cost-cutting measure. After completion of the pilot episode, the budget would not allow an elaborate scene to serve as the sequence played during the show's opening credits. Lear decided to have a simple scene of Archie and Edith singing at the piano.

text: The closing theme (an instrumental) was "Remembering You" played by Roger Kellaway with lyrics co-written by Carroll O'Connor. It was played over footage of the same row of houses in Queens as in the opening (but moving in the opposite direction down the street), and eventually moving back to aerial shots of Manhattan, suggesting the visit to the Bunkers' home has concluded. O'Connor recorded a vocal version of "Remembering You" for a record album, but though he performed it several times on TV appearances, the lyrics (about the end of a romance) were never heard in the actual series.

text: Except for some brief instances in the first season, no background or transitional music was used.

text: Setting and location[edit]

text: Lear and his writers set the series in the Queens neighborhood of Astoria. The location of the Bunkers' house at 704 Hauser Street is fictitious (no Hauser Street exists in Queens). The address is not presented the way addresses are given in Queens: most address numbers are hyphenated, containing the number of the nearest cross street. Nevertheless, many episodes reveal that the Bunkers live near the major thoroughfare Northern Boulevard, which was the location of Kelsey's Bar and later Archie Bunker's Place.

text: The façade of the house shown at the show opening is a home located at 89-70 Cooper Avenue, Glendale, Queens, New York, across from St. John Cemetery (40°42′45″N 73°51′39″W / 40.712492°N 73.860784°W / 40.712492; -73.860784).[24]

text: Many real Queens institutions are mentioned throughout the series. Carroll O’Connor, a Queens native from Forest Hills, said in an interview with the Archive of American Television that he suggested to the writers many of the locations to give the series authenticity. For example, Archie is revealed to have attended Flushing High School, a real high school located in Flushing, Queens (although in the "Man Of The Year" episode of Archie Bunker's Place, Archie attended Bryant High School in Long Island City, graduating in 1940). As another example, the 1976 episode "The Baby Contest" deals with Archie entering baby Joey in a cutest baby contest sponsored by the Long Island Daily Press, a then-operating local newspaper in Queens and Long Island.

text: The writers of All in the Family continued throughout the series to have the Bunkers and other characters use telephone exchange names when giving a telephone number (most other series at the time, such as The Mary Tyler Moore Show, were using the standard fake 555 telephone number) at a time when AT&T was trying to discontinue them. At different times throughout the series, the telephone exchanges Ravenswood and Bayside were used for the Bunkers' telephone number. Both exchanges were and still are applicable names for phone numbers in the neighborhoods of Astoria and Bayside. This may have had to do with the fact that at the time many major cities in the United States, such as New York, were resisting the dropping of telephone exchange names in favor of all-number calling, and were still printing their telephone books with exchange names. Actual residents of the Bunkers' age continued using exchange names into the early 1980s. This fact is referred to in the 1979 episode "The Appendectomy", when Edith, while dialing a telephone number, uses the Parkview exchange name only to correct herself by saying that she keeps forgetting that it is all-number dialing now. However, she comes to the conclusion that the number is exactly the same either way.

text: Episodes[edit]

text:
Season
Episodes
Originally aired
Nielsen ratings[26]

First aired
Last aired
Rank
Rating

Pilots
2
1968
1969
N/A
N/A

1
13
January 12, 1971 (1971-01-12)
April 6, 1971 (1971-04-06)
N/A
N/A

2
24
September 18, 1971 (1971-09-18)
March 11, 1972 (1972-03-11)
1
34.0

3
24
September 16, 1972 (1972-09-16)
March 24, 1973 (1973-03-24)
1
33.3

4
24
September 15, 1973 (1973-09-15)
March 16, 1974 (1974-03-16)
1
31.2

5
23
September 14, 1974 (1974-09-14)
March 8, 1975 (1975-03-08)
1
30.2

6
24
September 8, 1975 (1975-09-08)
March 8, 1976 (1976-03-08)
1
30.1

7
25
September 22, 1976 (1976-09-22)
March 12, 1977 (1977-03-12)
12
22.9

8
24
October 2, 1977 (1977-10-02)
March 19, 1978 (1978-03-19)
4
24.4[a]

9
24
September 24, 1978 (1978-09-24)
April 8, 1979 (1979-04-08)
9
24.9[b]

text:
Jump up ^ Tied with 60 Minutes and Charlie's Angels
Jump up ^ Tied with Taxi

tag: ol

text: "Sammy's Visit," first broadcast in February 1972, is a particularly notable episode, whose famous episode-ending scene produced the longest sustained audience laughter in the history of the show. Guest star Sammy Davis, Jr. plays himself in the episode. Davis leaves a briefcase behind in Archie's taxi (Archie is moonlighting as a cab driver) and goes to the Bunker home to pick it up. After hearing Archie's racist remarks, Davis asks for a photograph with him. At the moment the picture is taken, Davis suddenly kisses a stunned Archie on the cheek. The ensuing laughter went on for so long that it had to be severely edited[27] for network broadcast, as Carroll O'Connor still had one line ("Well, what the hell — he said it was in his contract!") to deliver after the kiss. (The line is usually cut in syndication.)

text: Syndication[edit]

text: During the show's sixth season, starting on December 1, 1975, CBS began showing reruns on weekdays at 3 pm (EST), replacing long-running soap opera The Edge of Night, which had been purchased by ABC. It would later move to 3:30 pm and in September 1978, 10 am. This lasted until September 1979, when the reruns entered off-network syndication by Viacom. The show was picked up in most television markets as such. In 1991, the show began to be syndicated by Columbia Pictures Television and has been by their heirs since then.

text: Since the late 1980s, All in the Family has been rerun on various cable and satellite networks including TBS (although they had the rights locally in Atlanta, as well), TV Land, and Nick at Nite. From January 3, 2011 to December 31, 2017, the show aired on Antenna TV. As of January 1, 2018, the show now airs on GetTV.

text: The cast settled their residual rights for a cash payout early in the production run.[28]

text: Ratings[edit]

text: All in the Family is one of three television shows (The Cosby Show and American Idol being the others) that have been number one in the Nielsen ratings for five consecutive TV seasons. The show remained in the top 10 for seven of its nine seasons.

text:
Season
Time
Nielsen Ratings

Rank
Rating

1 (1970–71)
Tuesday at 9:30-10:00 pm on CBS
#34
18.9[29]

2 (1971–72)
Saturday at 8:00-8:30 pm on CBS
#1
34.0[30]

3 (1972–73)
33.3[31]

4 (1973–74)
31.2[32]

5 (1974–75)
30.2[33]

6 (1975–76)
Monday at 9:00-9:30 pm on CBS
30.1[34]

7 (1976–77)
Wednesday at 9:00-9:30 pm on CBS (September 22—October 27, 1976)
Saturday at 9:00-9:30 pm on CBS (November 6, 1976—March 12, 1977)
#12
22.9[35]

8 (1977–78)
Sunday at 9:00-9:30 pm on CBS
#4
24.4 (Tied with 60 Minutes and Charlie's Angels)[36]

9 (1978–79)
Sunday at 9:00-9:30 pm on CBS (September 24—October 1, 1978)
Sunday at 8:00-8:30 pm on CBS (October 8, 1978—April 8, 1979)
#9
24.9 (Tied with Taxi)[37]

text: The series finale was seen by 40.2 million viewers.[38]

text: Spin-offs[edit]

text: According to The Complete Directory to Prime Time Network and Cable TV Shows 1946–Present, All in the Family has the most spin-offs for a prime-time television series, spawning five other shows, three of which were very successful and two of which are spin-offs from spin-offs.[39]

text:
The first spin-off was Maude, which debuted in September 1972. It features Edith's acerbic cousin Maude Findlay (Bea Arthur), who first appeared on All in the Family in the December 1971 episode "Cousin Maude's Visit", visiting to take care of the influenza-suffering Bunkers. In March 1972, at the end of the series' second season, the character was again featured in the episode "Maude". In this episode, a "back door pilot" for a new series, Archie and Edith visit her home in Westchester County to attend the wedding of her daughter Carol. Bill Macy played Maude's husband Walter and Marcia Rodd played Carol; Rodd was replaced by Adrienne Barbeau for the series. The show lasted for six seasons and 141 episodes, airing its final episode in April 1978.

Good Times is considered by some to be a spin off of Maude, as the show's focus was Florida Evans, a character first appearing on Maude during its initial seasons as the Findlays maid. But the character's history and situation were changed for the new show. According to producer Allan Manings, "It wasn't really a spin-off."[40] The show features no reference to Maude, changes the name of Florida's husband from Henry to James, and sets the show in a Chicago housing project. It ran for six seasons from February 1974 to August 1979.

The second and longest-lasting spin-off of All in the Family was The Jeffersons. Debuting on CBS in January 1975, The Jeffersons lasted 11 seasons and 253 episodes (more than All in the Family's nine seasons and 208 episodes). The main characters were the Bunkers' former next-door neighbors George and Louise Jefferson (Sherman Hemsley and Isabel Sanford). George was the owner of seven successful dry-cleaning stores, and the series featured their life after moving from the Bunkers' working-class neighborhood to a luxury high-rise apartment building in Manhattan's Upper East Side.

Checking In was spun off from The Jeffersons, focusing on the Jeffersons' maid Florence Johnston, working as an executive housekeeper at the St. Frederick Hotel in Manhattan. It only lasted four weeks in April 1981, and the character returned to her old job as the Jeffersons' maid.

Gloria was the third spin-off of All in the Family, focusing on now-divorced Gloria, starting a new life as an assistant trainee to a couple of veterinarians in Foxridge, New York. It premiered in September 1982, and ran for one season.
Archie Bunker's Place was technically a spin-off, but was essentially a renamed continuation of the series, beginning in September 1979 following the final season of the original. It was primarily set in the titular neighborhood tavern which Archie Bunker purchased in the eighth-season of All in the Family. It aired for four seasons, until April 1983.
704 Hauser features the Bunkers' house with a new family. It was an inversion of the formula of the original, featuring a liberal African-American couple with a conservative son, who is dating a white Jewish woman. Gloria and Mike's son Joey Stivic, now in his twenties, makes a brief appearance in the first episode. Five episodes aired in April and May 1994.

text: Specials[edit]

text: At the height of the show's popularity, Henry Fonda hosted a special one-hour retrospective of All in the Family and its impact on American television. Included were clips from the show's most memorable episodes up to that time. It was titled The Best of "All in the Family", and aired on December 21, 1974.

text: A 90-minute retrospective, All in the Family 20th Anniversary Special, was produced to commemorate the show's 20th anniversary and aired on CBS on February 16, 1991. It was hosted by Norman Lear, and featured a compilation of clips from the show's best moments, and interviews with the four main cast members. The special was so well received by the viewing audience CBS aired reruns of All in the Family during their summer schedule in 1991,[41] garnering higher ratings than the new series scheduled next to it, Norman Lear's sitcom Sunday Dinner. The latter was Lear's return to TV series producing after a seven-year absence, and was cancelled after the six-week tryout run.[citation needed]

text: Home media[edit]

text: Sony Pictures Home Entertainment (formerly Columbia TriStar Home Entertainment) released the first six seasons of All in the Family on DVD in Region 1 between 2002 and 2007. No further seasons were released, because the sales figures did not match Sony's expectations.

text: On June 23, 2010, Shout! Factory announced that it had acquired the rights to the series, and has since released the remaining three seasons.[42][43][44][45]

text: On October 30, 2012, Shout! Factory released All in the Family - The Complete Series on DVD in Region 1. The 28-disc boxed set features all 208 episodes of the series, as well as bonus features.[46]

text: On February 6, 2018, Sony released All in the Family- Seasons 1-5 on DVD in Region 1. The 15-disc set features all episodes from the first five seasons.[47]

text:
DVD Name
Ep #
Release Date

The Complete First Season
13
March 26, 2002

The Complete Second Season
24
February 4, 2003

The Complete Third Season
24
July 20, 2004

The Complete Fourth Season
24
April 12, 2005

The Complete Fifth Season
25
January 3, 2006

The Complete Sixth Season
24
February 13, 2007

The Complete Seventh Season
25
October 5, 2010

The Complete Eighth Season
24
January 11, 2011

The Complete Ninth Season
24
May 17, 2011

The Complete Series
208
October 30, 2012

text: Cultural impact[edit]

text: As one of US television's most acclaimed and groundbreaking programs, All in the Family has been referenced or parodied in countless other forms of media. References on other sitcoms include That '70s Show and The Simpsons. The animated series Family Guy pays homage to All in the Family in the opening sequence which features Peter and Lois Griffin playing the piano and singing a lament on the loss of traditional values and also paid tribute to the ending credits of the show at the end of the episode "Stewie Loves Lois".

text: Popular T-shirts, buttons, and bumper stickers showing O'Connor's image and farcically promoting "Archie Bunker for President" appeared around the time of the 1972 presidential election. In 1998, All in the Family was honored on a 33-cent stamp by the USPS.[49]

text: Archie and Edith Bunker's chairs are on display in the Smithsonian National Museum of American History.[50] The originals had been purchased by the show's set designer for a few dollars at a local Goodwill thrift store, and were given to the Smithsonian (for an exhibit on American television history) in 1978. It cost producers thousands of dollars to create replicas to replace the originals.

text: Then-US President Richard Nixon can be heard[51] discussing the show (specifically the 1971 episodes "Writing the President" and "Judging Books by Covers") on one of the infamous Watergate tapes.[52]

text: Rapper Redman has made references to Archie Bunker in a few of his songs, specifically his smoking of large cigars.[53]

text: Awards and nominations[edit]

text: All in the Family is the first of four sitcoms in which all the lead actors (O'Connor, Stapleton, Struthers, and Reiner) won Primetime Emmy Awards. The other three are The Golden Girls, The Simpsons, and Will and Grace.

text: Primetime Emmy awards and nominations[edit]

text:
Outstanding New Series (Won)
Outstanding Series - Comedy (Won)
Outstanding Continued Performance by an Actor in a Leading Role in a Comedy Series: Carroll O'Connor (Nominated)
Outstanding Continued Performance by an Actress in a Leading Role in a Comedy Series: Jean Stapleton (Won)
Outstanding Directorial Achievement in Comedy: John Rich for "Gloria's Pregnant" (Nominated)
Outstanding Writing Achievement in Comedy:

Norman Lear for "Meet the Bunkers" (Nominated)
Stanley Ralph Ross for "Oh, My Aching Back" (Nominated)

text:
Outstanding Series - Comedy (Won)
Outstanding Single Program - Drama or Comedy for "Sammy's Visit" (Nominated)
Outstanding Achievement in Live or Tape Sound Mixing: Norman Dewes for "The Elevator Story" (Won)
Outstanding Continued Performance by an Actor in a Leading Role in a Comedy Series: Carroll O'Connor (Won)
Outstanding Continued Performance by an Actress in a Leading Role in a Comedy Series: Jean Stapleton (Won)
Outstanding Performance by an Actor in a Supporting Role in a Comedy Series: Rob Reiner (Nominated)
Outstanding Performance by an Actress in a Supporting Role in a Comedy Series: Sally Struthers (Won)
Outstanding Directorial Achievement in Comedy: John Rich for "Sammy's Visit" (Won)
Outstanding Writing Achievement in Comedy:

Burt Styler for "Edith's Problem" (Won)
Alan J. Levitt and Philip Mishkin for "Mike's Problem" (Nominated)
Norman Lear and Burt Styler for "The Saga of Cousin Oscar" (Nominated)

text:
Outstanding Comedy Series (Won)
Outstanding Continued Performance by an Actor in a Leading Role in a Comedy Series: Carroll O'Connor (Nominated)
Outstanding Continued Performance by an Actress in a Leading Role in a Comedy Series: Jean Stapleton (Nominated)
Outstanding Performance by an Actor in a Supporting Role in a Comedy Series: Rob Reiner (Nominated)
Outstanding Performance by an Actress in a Supporting Role in a Comedy Series: Sally Struthers (Nominated)
Outstanding Directorial Achievement in Comedy: Bob LaHendro and John Rich for "The Bunkers and the Swingers" (Nominated)[54]
Outstanding Writing Achievement in Comedy: Lee Kalcheim & Michael Ross & Bernie West for "The Bunkers and the Swingers" (Won)[54]

text:
Outstanding Comedy Series (Nominated)
Best Lead Actor in a Comedy Series: Carroll O'Connor (Nominated)
Best Lead Actress in a Comedy Series: Jean Stapleton (Nominated)
Best Supporting Actor in a Comedy Series: Rob Reiner (Won)
Best Supporting Actress in a Comedy Series: Sally Struthers (Nominated)

text:
Outstanding Comedy Series (Nominated)
Outstanding Lead Actor in a Comedy Series: Carroll O'Connor (Nominated)
Outstanding Lead Actress in a Comedy Series: Jean Stapleton (Nominated)
Outstanding Continuing Performance by a Supporting Actor in a Comedy Series: Rob Reiner (Nominated)

text: Outstanding Comedy Series (Nominated)

text:
Outstanding Comedy Series (Nominated)
Outstanding Lead Actor in a Comedy Series: Carroll O'Connor (Won)
Outstanding Lead Actress in a Comedy Series: Jean Stapleton (Nominated)
Outstanding Directing for a Comedy Series: Paul Bogart for "The Draft Dodger" (Nominated)
Outstanding Art Direction or Scenic Design for a Comedy Series: Don Roberts for "The Unemployment Story" (Nominated)

text:
Outstanding Comedy Series (Won)
Outstanding Lead Actor in a Comedy Series: Carroll O'Connor (Won)
Outstanding Lead Actress in a Comedy Series: Jean Stapleton (Won)
Outstanding Continuing Performance by a Supporting Actor in a Comedy Series: Rob Reiner (Won)
Outstanding Continuing Performance by a Supporting Actress in a Comedy Series: Sally Struthers (Nominated)
Outstanding Directing for a Comedy Series: Paul Bogart for "Edith's 50th Birthday" (Won)
Outstanding Writing for a Comedy Series:

Bob Schiller and Bob Weiskopf for "Edith's 50th Birthday" (Nominated)
Larry Rhine & Erik Tarloff & Mel Tolkin for "Edith's Crisis of Faith" (Nominated)
Harve Brosten & Barry Harman & Bob Schiller & Bob Weiskopf for "Cousin Liz" (Won)

text:
Outstanding Comedy Series (Nominated)
Outstanding Lead Actor in a Comedy Series: Carroll O'Connor (Won)
Outstanding Lead Actress in a Comedy Series: Jean Stapleton (Nominated)
Outstanding Supporting Actress in a Comedy, Comedy-Variety, or Music Series: Sally Struthers (Won)
Outstanding Directing for a Comedy, Comedy-Variety, or Music Series: Paul Bogart for "California, Here We Are" (Nominated)
Outstanding Writing for a Comedy, Comedy-Variety, or Music Series: Milt Josefsberg & Bob Schiller & Phil Sharp & Bob Weiskopf for "California, Here We Are" (Nominated)
Outstanding Video Tape Editing for a Series: Harvey W. Berger and Hal Collins for "The 200th Episode Celebration of 'All in the Family'" (Nominated)

text: Golden Globe Awards and Nominations[edit]

text:
Best TV Show - Musical/Comedy (Won)
Best TV Actor - Musical/Comedy: Carroll O'Connor (Won)
Best TV Actress - Musical/Comedy: Jean Stapleton (Nominated)
Best Supporting Actor - Television: Rob Reiner (Nominated)
Best Supporting Actress - Television: Sally Struthers (Nominated)

text:
Best TV Show - Musical/Comedy (Won)
Best TV Actor - Musical/Comedy: Carroll O'Connor (Nominated)
Best TV Actress - Musical/Comedy: Jean Stapleton (Won)
Best Supporting Actor - Television: Rob Reiner (Nominated)
Best Supporting Actress - Television: Sally Struthers (Nominated)

text:
Best TV Show - Musical/Comedy (Nominated)
Best TV Actor - Musical/Comedy: Carroll O'Connor (Nominated)
Best TV Actress - Musical/Comedy: Jean Stapleton (Nominated)
Best Supporting Actress - Television: Betty Garrett (Won)

text:
Best TV Actor - Musical/Comedy: Carroll O'Connor (Nominated)
Best Supporting Actor - Television: Rob Reiner (Nominated)

text:
Best TV Series - Musical/Comedy (Won)
Best TV Actor - Musical/Comedy: Carroll O'Connor (Nominated)
Best TV Actress - Musical/Comedy: Jean Stapleton (Nominated)

text:
Best TV Series - Musical/Comedy (Nominated)
Best TV Actress - Musical/Comedy: Jean Stapleton (Nominated)

text: Best TV Actress - Musical/Comedy: Jean Stapleton (Nominated)

text: TCA Heritage Award[edit]

text: In 2013, the Television Critics Association honored All in the Family with its Heritage Award for its cultural and social impact on society.[55]


document_title: Freedom Day (South Africa)

question_text: what is the significance of april 27 1994 in south africa

text: Freedom Day (South Africa)

text: This article needs additional citations for verification. Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. (April 2018) (Learn how and when to remove this template message)

text:
Freedom day
Nelson Mandela voting in 1994Observed by
Republic of South AfricaType
NationalCelebrations
Presidential speechDate
27 AprilNext time
27 April 2019 (2019-04-27)Frequency
AnnualFirst time
27 April 1995Related to
South African general election, 1994

text: Freedom Day is a public holiday in South Africa celebrated on 27 April. It celebrates freedom and commemorates the first post-apartheid elections held on that day in 1994. The elections were the first non-racial national elections where everyone of voting age of over 18 from any race group, including foreign citizens permanently resident in South Africa,[1] were allowed to vote. Previously, under the apartheid regime, non-whites in general had only limited rights to vote while indigenous black South Africans had no voting rights whatsoever.

text: It is part of the twelve public holidays determined by the Public Holidays Act (No. 36 of 1994).

text: On the first commemoration of the holiday, President Nelson Mandela addressed Parliament:[citation needed]

text: As dawn ushered in this day, the 27th of April 1994, few of us could suppress the welling of emotion, as we were reminded of the terrible past from which we come as a nation; the great possibilities that we now have; and the bright future that beckons us. And so we assemble here today, and in other parts of the country, to mark a historic day in the life of our nation. Wherever South Africans are across the globe, our hearts beat as one, as we renew our common loyalty to our country and our commitment to its future.


document_title: The Bold and the Beautiful cast members

question_text: who is zoey on the bold and beautiful

question_tokens: who is zoey on the bold and beautiful

text: The Bold and the Beautiful cast members

text: Current cast members

text: Main cast

text:
Actor

Character

Duration

Ref

Kiara Barnes

Zoe Buckingham

2018–

[4]

Adain Bradley

Alexander Avant

2018–

[5]

Darin Brooks

Wyatt Spencer

2013–

[6]

Scott Clifton

Liam Spencer

2010–

[7]

Don Diamont

Bill Spencer, Jr.

2009–

[8]

Courtney Hope

Sally Spectra

2017–

[9][10][11]

Thorsten Kaye

Ridge Forrester

2013–

[12][13]

Katherine Kelly Lang

Brooke Logan

1987–

[2]

John McCook

Eric Forrester

1987–

[3]

Alley Mills

Pamela Douglas

2006–

[14]

Karla Mosley

Maya Avant

2013–

[15]

Annika Noelle

Hope Logan

2018–

[16][17][18]

Ingo Rademacher

Thorne Forrester

2017–

[19][20]

Nia Sioux

Emma Barber

2018–

[21]

Rena Sofer

Quinn Fuller

2013–

[22]

Aaron D. Spears

Justin Barber

2009–

[23][24]

Heather Tom

Katie Logan

2007–

[25]

Jacqueline MacInnes Wood

Steffy Forrester

2008–13, 2015–

[26][27][28]

text: Recurring cast

text:
Actor

Character

Duration

Ref

Obba Babatundé

Julius Avant

2015–

[29]

Kimberlin Brown

Sheila Carter

1992–98, 2002–03, 2017–

[30][31]

Ian Buchanan

Dr. James Warwick

1993–99, 2004, 2007–11, 2017–

[32][33]

Mick Cain

C.J. Garrison

1997–2004, 2007, 2010, 2017–

Crystal Chappell

Danielle Spencer

2012–

[34]

Dick Christie

Charlie Webber

2013–

Othello Clark

Othello

2011–

[35]

Andrew Collins

Jarrett Maxwell

2004–

[36]

Reign Edwards

Nicole Avant

2015–

[37][38]

Jennifer Gareis

Donna Logan

2006–

[39]

Finnegan George

Will Spencer

2018–

[40]

Courtney Grosbeck

Coco Spectra

2017–

[41]

Theodora Greece

Alison Montgomery

2011–

Jacqueline Hahn

Dr. Caspary

2005–

Jon Hensley

Dr. Meade

2012–

[42]

Anna Maria Horsford

Vivienne Avant

2015–

[29]

Dan Martin

Lieutenant Baker

1997–

[36]

Chris McKenna

Dr. Hayden

2016–

[43][44]

Zach Rance

Zach

2014–

[45]

Lawrence Saint-Victor

Carter Walton

2013–

[46]

Rodney Saulsberry

Anthony Wallace

2010–

[36]

Scott Turner Schofield

Nick

2015–

[47]

Tigerlily and Ginger Siler

Rosie Forrester

2011–

Taja V. Simpson

Adele

2012–

[48]

Hunter Tylo

Taylor Hayes

1990–2002, 2004, 2005–14, 2018–

[49]

Jeremy Ray Valdez

Detective Sanchez

2018–

[50]

Sandra Vergara

Theresa Corazon

2013–

Stephanie Wang

Madison Lee

2007–

Fred Willard

John Forrester

2014–

[51]

Jacob Young

Rick Forrester

1997–99, 2011–

[52][53]

Andres Zuno

Rafael

2013–

text: Former cast members

text:
Actor
Character
Duration
Ref

Marla Adams
Beth Logan
1991

Luigi Amodeo
Lorenzo Barelli
2002–03

Zane Achor
Will Spencer
2013–18
[40]

Justin Baldoni
Graham Darros
2010

Judith Baldwin
Beth Logan
1987

Texas Battle
Marcus Forrester
2008–13

Kabir Bedi
Prince Omar Rashid
1994–95, 2005

Drew Tyler Bell
Thomas Forrester
2004–10

Brandon Beemer
Owen Knight  Casper Knight
2008–12  2009

Paulo Benedeti
Antonio Dominguez
2001–02, 2012–13, 2017
[54]

Tracey E. Bregman
Lauren Fenmore Baldwin
1992–99, 2002, 2004, 2007

Ashleigh Brewer
Ivy Forrester
2014–18
[55][56]

Peter Brown
Blake Hayes
1991–92

Sarah Joy Brown
Agnes Jones
2009–11

Agnes Bruckner
Bridget Forrester
1997–99

Sabrina Bryan
Alisa Cordova
2002

Nancy Burnett
Beth Logan
1987–89, 1994, 1996–98, 2000–01

Sarah G. Buxton
Morgan DeWitt
2000–01, 2005

Ashley Lyn Cafagna
Kimberly Fairchild
1998–2001

Brian Patrick Clarke
Storm Logan (#2)
1990–91

Robert Clary
Pierre Jourdan
1988–89

Darlene Conley
Sally Spectra
1989–2006

Felisha Cooper
Sasha Thompson
2015–17
[57]

Mace Coronel
R.J. Forrester
2013–14
[54]

Barbara Crampton
Maggie Forrester
1995–98

Patrika Darbo
Shirley Spectra
2017–18
[9][10][58]

Eileen Davidson
Ashley Abbott
2007–08

Tamara Davies
Tricia Quick
2002-03

Michelle Davison
Ruthanne Owens
1991–93, 1995, 1997

William deVry
Storm Logan
2006–08, 2012

Michael Dietz
Mark Maclaine
2002–05

Lesley-Anne Down
Jackie Marone
2003–12

Courtnee Draper
Mary Warwick
2002

Patrick Duffy
Stephen Logan
2006–11

Bobbie Eakes
Macy Alexander
1989–2000, 2001, 2002-03

Andrea Evans
Tawny Moore
1999–2000, 2010–11

Kayla Ewell
Caitlin Ramirez
2004–05

Jennifer Finnigan
Bridget Forrester
2000–03

Susan Flannery
Stephanie Forrester
1987–2012

Rome Flynn
Zende Forrester Dominguez
2015–17
[59][60]

Pierson Fodé
Thomas Forrester
2015–18
[61][62][63]

Adrienne Frantz
Amber Moore  April Knight
1997–2005, 2010–12  2003
[64][65]

Brian Gaskill
Oscar Marone
2003–04

Bryan Genesse
Rocco Carner
1987–89, 2009

Frank and Morgan Gingerich
Jack Marone
2010–11

Linsey Godfrey
Caroline Spencer
2012–18
[66]

Ricky Paull Goldin
Jesse Graves
2013

Charles Grant
Grant Chambers
1996–98

Adam Gregory
Thomas Forrester
2010–13, 2014

Dax Griffin
Shane McGrath
2006–07

Ken Hanes
Mike Guthrie
1993–98, 2010

Winsor Harmon
Thorne Forrester
1996–2016
[67][68][69]

Emily Harrison
Bridget Forrester
2004

Rick Hearst
Whipple Jones
2002, 2009–11

Danube Hermosillo
Darlita
2017–18
[9][10][70]

Ben Hogestyn
Harry Jackson
2006

Addison Hoover
Phoebe Forrester
2005–06

Alex Hoover
Steffy Forrester
2005–06

Jack Horan
R.J. Forrester
2011

Mykel Shannon Jenkins
Charlie Baker
2007–09, 2012

Joanna Johnson
Caroline Spencer Forrester  Karen Spencer
1987–90, 2001  1991–94, 2009, 2011–14

Ashley Jones
Bridget Forrester
2004–12, 2013, 2015, 2016, 2018
[71]

Lesli Kay
Felicia Forrester
2005–11, 2012, 2013, 2014, 2016
[54]

Sean Kanan
Deacon Sharpe
2000–05, 2012, 2014–2017
[72]

Lauren Koslow
Margo Maclaine Lynley
1987–92, 2002

Lorenzo Lamas
Hector Ramirez
2004–06

Teri Ann Linn
Kristen Forrester
1987–90, 1992–94

Mario Lopez
Dr. Christian Ramirez
2006

Kyle Lowder
Rick Forrester
2007–11

Kristolyn Lloyd
Dayzee Leigh Forrester
2010–13
[73][74]

Constantine Maroulis
Constantine Parros
2007

A Martinez
Dr. Ramon Montgomery
2011–12

Joseph Mascolo
Massimo Marone
2001–06

Kim Matula
Hope Logan
2010–14, 2015, 2016
[75][76][77][78]

MacKenzie Mauzy
Phoebe Forrester
2006–08

Todd McKee
Jake Maclaine
1990–92, 2007–13, 2015–16, 2018

Daniel McVicar
Clarke Garrison
1987–92, 1996–2009

Tracy Melchior
Kristen Forrester
2001–06, 2008–09, 2012–13
[54]

Lilly Melgar
Claudia Cortez
1996-97

Ronn Moss
Ridge Forrester
1987–2012
[79][80]

Carrie Mitchum
Donna Logan
1987–91, 1994, 1995, 1996, 2001

Dylan Neal
Dylan Shaw
1994–97

Clayton Norcross
Thorne Forrester
1987–89

Ashlyn Pearce
Alexandria Forrester
2013–15
[81][82][83]

Sydney Penny
Samantha Kelly
2003–05

Robert Pine
Stephen Logan
1988, 1994, 1996, 1997–98, 2001

Lindsay Price
Michael Lai
1995–97

Usher Raymond
Raymond
1999

Robin Riker
Beth Logan
2008–10

Victor Rivers
Ricardo Montemayor
2013–14

Chris Robinson
Jack Hamilton
1992-94, 1996, 1997, 1998, 1999, 2000, 2001, 2002, 2005

Gina Rodriguez
Beverly
2011–12

Jane A. Rogers
Julie DeLorean
1990–92

Antonio Sabàto Jr.
Dante Damiano
2005–06

Francisco San Martin
Mateo
2017
[84]

Colleen Dion-Scotti
Felicia Forrester
1990–92, 1997, 2004

Mary Sheldon
Donna Logan
1991

Hillary B. Smith
Dr. Stacy Barton
2012

Nancy Sloan
Katie Logan
1987–89, 1991, 1994–96, 1997–98, 2000, 2001, 2003, 2004

Jim Storm
Bill Spencer, Sr.
1987–94, 1997, 2000, 2003, 2009

Michael Swan
Adam Alexander
1998–2000, 2001, 2002–03

Marissa Tait
Becky Moore
1999-2000

Justin Torkildsen
Rick Forrester
1999–2006

Jeff Trachta
Thorne Forrester
1989–96

Anthony Turpel
R.J. Forrester
2016–18
[85]

Sandra Vidal
Sofia Alonso
2001–03

Lark Voorhies
Jasmine Malone
1995–96

Jack Wagner
Nick Marone
2003–12

Maitland Ward
Jessica Forrester
1994–96

Chris Warren Jr.
Jimmy Ramirez
2004–05

Ethan Wayne
Storm Logan
1987–89, 1994, 1997–98, 2000, 2001, 2003

Betty White
Ann Douglas
2006–07, 2008, 2009

Fred Willard
John Forrester
2014–15

Shanelle Workman
Gabriela Moreno
2005

Alex Wyse
Saul Feinberg
2017–18

[9][10][58]

text: Deceased cast members

text:
Actor
Character
Date of Death

Michael Fox
Saul Feinberg
June 1, 1996

Philip O'Brien
Minister / Rev. Marshall
January 9, 1999

Steve Allen
Himself
October 30, 2000

Lesley Woods
Grandma Helen Logan
August 2, 2003

Sandy Ward
Det. Roy Banks
March 6, 2005

Frank Gorshin
George
May 17, 2005

James Doohan
Damon Warwick
July 20, 2005  [86]

Perry Stephens
Steve Crown
September 8, 2005 [87]

Mark Roberts
Dr. Adams / Dr. Reston
January 5, 2006

Michelle Davison
Ruthanne Owens
April 2, 2006

Ric Mancini
Vendor #1
May 26, 2006

Don Snell
Clerk
December 2, 2006

Darlene Conley
Sally Spectra
January 14, 2007

Luciano Giancarlo
Waiter
July 16, 2007

Charlton Heston
Himself
April 5, 2008

Patricia Place
Nurse Busch
September 20, 2008

Richard Blackwell
Himself
October 19, 2008

Douglas Barcellos
Rico
December 24, 2008

Dick Gjonola
Wayne Garfield
October 25, 2009

Christopher Cazenove
Himself
April 7, 2010

Don Ross
Charles Barnes
January 15, 2011

Jeff Conaway
Mick Savage
May 27, 2011 [88]

Frank Marocco
Musician
March 3, 2012

Kathryn Joosten
Herself
June 2, 2012

Holly Lewis
Gladys' assistant
June 22, 2012

Phyllis Diller
Gladys Pope
August 20, 2012 [89][90]

Michael Clarke Duncan
Slash
September 3, 2012

Karen Kim
Maya
October 21, 2012

Zheng Cao
Herself
February 21, 2013

Jeanne Cooper
Katherine Chancellor
May 8, 2013

Jerry Ayres
Conway Weston, P.I.
May 14, 2013 [91]

Kirk Scott
Frank Leonard
November 16, 2013

Tony Genaro
Luis
May 7, 2014

Matthew Cowles
Curtis Love
May 22, 2014

Bern Bennett
Announcer
May 29, 2014

John Brandon
Ben Maclaine
August 25, 2014

R. J. Adams
David Johns Esq.
January 26, 2015

Jayne Meadows
Herself
April 26, 2015

John Carter
Richard Baker
May 23, 2015

Peter Brown
Blake Hayes
March 21, 2016

Anthony Addabbo
Tony "Rush" Carrera/Jonny Carrera
October 18, 2016

Joseph Mascolo
Massimo Marone
December 8, 2016

Alan Thicke
Rich Ginger
December 13, 2016

Erin Moran
Kelly DeMartin
April 22, 2017

Bruce Gray
Judge Morrissey
December 13, 2017

Joseph Campanella
Jonathan Young
May 16, 2018