document_title: Isle of Man TT

question_text: who has most isle of man tt wins

question_tokens: who has most isle of man tt wins

text: Isle of Man TT

text: Early Isle of Man TT race history (1904–1910)[edit]

text: Gordon Bennett and Tourist Trophy car races[edit]

text: Motor racing began on the Isle of Man in 1904 with the Gordon Bennett Eliminating Trial, restricted to touring automobiles. As the Motor Car Act 1903 placed a speed restriction of 20 mph (32 km/h) on automobiles in the UK, Julian Orde, Secretary of the Automobile Car Club of Britain and Ireland approached the authorities in the Isle of Man for the permission to race automobiles on the island's public roads.[14] The Highways (Light Locomotive) Act 1904 gave permission in the Isle of Man for the 52.15-mile (83.93 km) Highroads Course for the 1904 Gordon Bennett Eliminating Trial which was won by Clifford Earl (Napier) in 7 hours 26.5 minutes for five laps (255.5 mi or 411.2 km) of the Highroads Course. The 1905 Gordon Bennett Trial was held on 30 May 1905 and was again won by Clifford Earl driving a Napier automobile in 6 hours and 6 minutes for six laps of the Highroads Course. This was followed in September 1905 with the first Isle of Man Tourist Trophy Race for racing automobiles, now known as the RAC Tourist Trophy and was won by John Napier (Arrol-Johnston) in 6 hours and 9 minutes at an average speed of 33.90 mph (54.56 km/h).[15]

text: International Motor-Cycle Cup Race (1905)[edit]

text: For the 1905 Gordon Bennett Eliminating Trial it was decided to run an eliminating trial for motorcycles the day after for a team to represent Great Britain in the International Motor-Cycle Cup Races. An accident at Ramsey Hairpin forced out one of the pre-race favourites and the inability of the motorcycle competitors to climb the steep Mountain Section of the course forced the organisers to use a 25-mile (40 km) section of the Gordon Bennett Trial course. This ran from Douglas south to Castletown and then north to Ballacraine along the primary A3 road and returned to the start at the Quarterbridge in Douglas via Crosby and Glen Vine along the current Snaefell Mountain Course in the reverse direction. The 1905 International Motor-Cycle Cup Race for five laps (125 mi or 201 km) was won by J.S. Campbell (Ariel) despite a fire during a pit stop[16] in 4 hours, 9 minutes and 36 seconds at an average race speed of 30.04 mph (48.34 km/h).[17]

text: Format of the races[edit]

text: The TT Races since the first race in 1907 have been in the format of time-trial. The races held on the Clypse Course during the period 1954–1959 were the more traditional full grid starts along with the 1924 Lightweight TT Race and Clubmen TT Races from 1948, which were also "mass-start" races.  The current format is a "clutch start" and race competitors will be "started singly at 10-second intervals".[18]

text: Race procedure[edit]

text:
Start Preliminaries
First Signal – 45 minutes before the start with a warm-up of engines in the Race Paddock and assembly area.
Second Signal – 30 minutes before start.
Third Signal – 15 minutes before start, race competitors move to the start-line and form-up in qualification order.
Fourth Signal – 5 minutes before start, signal to clear the grid and race competitors move towards the exit-gate.

text: Eligibility[edit]

text: Entrants must be in possession of a valid National Entrants or FIM Sponsors Licence for Road Racing.

text: Entrants must cite pre-filled documentation of completion of a UK drivers licence or motorcycle certification or a drivers licence from a comparable country that is recognized by UK comparable department of transportation standards and may withhold due to any pre race or post race suspensions.

text: Race classes[edit]

text: Superbike TT[edit]

text: The 2015 specification for entries into the Superbike TT race are defined as:

text:
Any machine complying with the following specifications:
TT Superbike: (Machines complying with the 2015 FIM Superbike Championship specifications)
Over 750 cc up to 1000 cc 4 cylinders 4-stroke
Over 750 cc up to 1000 cc 3 cylinders 4-stroke
Over 850 cc up to 1200 cc 2 cylinders 4-stroke

text: Minimum Weight 165 kg (364 lb). Other machines admitted at the discretion of the Organisers[19]

text: Supersport TT[edit]

text: The 1911 Isle of Man TT was the first time the Junior TT race took place, open to 300 cc single-cylinder and 340 cc twin cylinder motorcycles, contested over five laps of the new 37.5-mile (60.4 km) Snaefell Mountain Course. The first event on the new course was the Junior TT Race contested by 35 entrants, won by Percy J. Evans riding a Humber motor-cycle at an average race speed of 41.45 mph (66.71 km/h). The 1912 event was the first to limit the Junior TT to only 350 cc machines and this engine capacity prevailed until 1994 when replaced by the 600 cc Supersport class.

text:
1911 For single cylinder motorcycles not exceeding 300 cc engine capacity and 340 cc twin cylinder motorcycles.
1912–1948 For motorcycles not exceeding 350 cc engine capacity.
1949–1953 FIM World Championship event for motorcycles not exceeding 350 cc engine capacity and held on the Snaefell mountain course.
1954–1959 FIM World Championship event for motorcycles not exceeding 350 cc engine capacity and held on the Clypse Course.
1960–1976 FIM World Championship event for motorcycles not exceeding 350 cc engine capacity and held on the Mountain Course.
1977–1993 for motorcycles not exceeding 350 cc engine capacity and held on the Mountain Course.
1994 onwards for motorcycles not exceeding 600 cc engine capacity and held on the Mountain Course.

text: The 2015 specifications for entries into the Supersport TT race are:

text: TT Supersport: (Machines complying with the 2015 FIM Supersport Championship specifications)

text:
Over 400 cc up to 600 cc 4 cylinders 4-stroke
Over 600 cc up to 675 cc 3 cylinders 4-stroke
Over 600 cc up to 750 cc 2 cylinders 4-stroke

text: Minimum Weight 161 kg[20]

text: Superstock TT[edit]

text: The 2015 specifications for entries for the Superstock TT, an event for production based motorcycles racing with treaded road tyres, are based on the FIM Superstock Championship specifications, as follows:

text:
Superstock TT: (Machines complying with the 2012 FIM Superstock Championship specifications)
Over 750 cc up to 1000 cc 4 cylinders 4-stroke
Over 750 cc up to 1000 cc 3 cylinders 4-stroke
Over 850 cc up to 1200 cc 2 cylinders 4-stroke

text: Minimum (Dry) Weight 170 kg[21]

text: Lightweight TT[edit]

text: The 1922 event was the first time the Lightweight TT race took place, won by a motorcycle-journalist Geoff S. Davison, riding a Levis at an average speed of 49.89 mph (80.29 km/h) for seven laps of the Snaefell Mountain Course. As with the Ultra-Lightweight TT Race, the event was dropped from the race schedule in 2004, but was reintroduced 2008–2009, held on the Billown short road circuit and then dropped again from the race schedule on cost grounds.

text:
1924–1948 For motorcycles not exceeding 250 cc engine capacity.
1949–1953 FIM World Championship event for motorcycles not exceeding 250 cc engine capacity, held on the Snaefell mountain course.
1954–1959 FIM World Championship event for motorcycles not exceeding 250 cc engine capacity, held on the Clypse Course.
1960–1976 FIM World Championship event for motorcycles not exceeding 250 cc engine capacity, held on the Mountain Course.
1977–2004 for motorcycles not exceeding 250 cc engine capacity, held on the Mountain Course.
2008–2009 for motorcycles not exceeding 250 cc engine capacity, held on the Billown Circuit.
2012– The event was re-introduced from the 2012 event for water-cooled four-stroke twin cylinder not exceeding a capacity of 650 cc and complying with the ACU Standing Regulations.[22]

text: The 2015 specifications for entries into the Lightweight TT race are:

text:
Machines must comply with general technical rules as per ACU Standing Regulations and 2015 IOM TT regulations.
Any four-stroke twin cylinder motorcycle originally sold for road use with a water-cooled engine of up to 650 cc engine capacity.
Eligible machines must be from models homologated[clarification needed] for road use 2006 or later.[23]

text: Sidecar TT[edit]

text: The 1923 TT was the first time the Sidecar TT race was run, over three laps (113 mi or 182 km) of the Mountain Course and was won by Freddie Dixon and passenger Walter Perry with a Douglas and special banking-sidecar at an average race speed of 53.15 mph (85.54 km/h). For the 1926 event the Sidecar and Ultra-Lightweight TT classes were dropped due to lack of entries.

text: The Sidecar race was re-introduced from the 1954 event for Sidecars not exceeding 500 cc engine capacity, run on the Clypse Course. A non-championship 750 cc class for sidecars was introduced at the 1968 event. For the 1976 event the race was held over two-legs. From 1975, the previous 500 cc and 750 cc classes for Sidecars were replaced by a 1000 cc engine capacity class.

text: The new FIM Formula 2 class for Sidecars was introduced for the 1990 Isle of Man TT.

text:
1954–1959 FIM World Championship Event for Side-Cars not exceeding 500 cc engine capacity. Race held on the Clypse Course.
1960–1976 FIM World Championship Event held on Mountain Course.
1968–1974 Non-Championship event for Sidecars not exceeding 750 cc.
1975–1989 Sidecars not exceeding 1000 cc engine capacity.
1990– FIM Formula 2 Sidecar race for two-stroke engines not exceeding 350 cc or four-stroke engines not exceeding 600 cc.

text: The 2015 specifications for entries into the Sidecar TT race are:

text:
Machines must comply with general technical rules as per ACU Standing Regulations and 2015 Isle of Man TT regulations.
Engine Types
501 – 600 cc, 4 stroke, 4 cylinder, Production based motorcycle engines.

text: Senior TT[edit]

text: For the 1911 Isle of Man TT, the first TT event using the Snaefell Mountain Course or Mountain Course, two separate races were introduced. The first event was a four lap Junior TT race and a separate Senior TT race for 500 cc single-cylinder and 585 cc twin-cylinder motorcycles, over five laps of the new 37.5-mile (60.4 km) Snaefell Mountain Course. The new technical challenges of the Mountain Course forced changes on entrants and motorcycle manufacturers alike. The American Indian motorcycle factory fitted a two-speed gearbox and chain-drive. This proved to be the winning combination when Oliver Godfrey won the 1911 Senior TT race riding an Indian at an average speed of 47.63 mph (76.65 km/h). Fitted with a six-speed belt drive[24] Charlie Collier riding a Matchless motorcycle finished second in the 1911 Senior TT race and was later disqualified for illegal refuelling. During an early morning practice session for the 1911 Isle of Man TT races, Victor Surridge died after crashing his Rudge motorcycle at Glen Helen, the first death of a competitor on the Snaefell Mountain Course and the first death in the Isle of Man of a person in an automotive accident.[25]

text:
1911 For single cylinder motorcycles not exceeding 500 cc engine capacity and 585 cc twin cylinder motorcycles.
1912–1939 For motorcycles not exceeding 500 cc engine capacity.
1947–1948 For motorcycles not exceeding 500 cc engine capacity and a ban on engine supercharging.
1949–1976 FIM World Championship event for motorcycles not exceeding 500 cc engine capacity.
1977–1984 for motorcycles not exceeding 500 cc engine capacity.
1985–2004 for motorcycles complying with ACU TT Formula 1 rules not exceeding 1,010 cc engine capacity.
2004 onwards for motorcycles complying with ACU/FIM Superbike rules not exceeding 1,000 cc engine capacity.

text: The 2015 specifications for entries into the Senior TT race are:

text:
TT Superbike: (Machines complying with the 2015 FIM Superbike Championship specifications)[26]
Over 750 cc up to 1000 cc 4 cylinders 4-stroke
Over 750 cc up to 1000 cc 3 cylinders 4-stroke
Over 850 cc up to 1200 cc 2 cylinders 4-stroke

text:
Supersport Junior TT (without limitation of tyre choice)
TT Superstock (without limitation of tyre choice)
Other machines admitted at the discretion of the Organisers.

text: TT Zero[edit]

text: Starting from the 2010 races, the TT Zero event over one lap (37.73 mi or 60.72 km) of the Snaefell Mountain Course replaced the TTXGP. The TT Zero event as an officially sanctioned TT race is for racing motorcycles where "The technical concept is for motorcycles (two wheeled) to be powered without the use of carbon based fuels and have zero toxic/noxious emissions".[27] The Isle of Man Government offered a prize of £10,000 for the first entrant to exceed the prestigious 100 mph (160 km/h) (22 minutes and 38.388 seconds) average speed around the Mountain Course. This was achieved by Michael Rutter of team MotoCzysz in the 2012 race,[28] and has been exceeded every year since.

text: Discontinued race classes[edit]

text: Ultra-Lightweight TT[edit]

text: 1924 was the first time the Ultra-Lightweight TT race took place for motorcycles not exceeding 175 cc engine capacity. It was won by Jack Porter, riding a New Imperial motorcycle at an average speed of 51.21 mph (82.41 km/h) over three laps of the Snaefell mountain course. The Ultra-Lightweight class was re-introduced in 1951 for motorcycles not exceeding 125 cc until discontinued in 1974, and then re-introduced for 1989, again for two-stroke 125 cc motorcycles, until dropped again due to lack of entries after 2004. The event was reintroduced 2008–2009 held on the four-mile Billown Circuit and then dropped from the race schedule on cost grounds for the 2010 races.

text:
1924–1925 For motorcycles not exceeding 175 cc engine capacity.
1951–1953 FIM World Championship event for motorcycles not exceeding 125 cc engine capacity, held on the Snaefell mountain course.
1954–1959 FIM World Championship event for motorcycles not exceeding 125 cc engine capacity, held on the Clypse Course.
1960–1974 FIM World Championship event for motorcycles not exceeding 125 cc engine capacity, held on the Mountain Course.
1989–2004 for motorcycles not exceeding 125 cc engine capacity, held on the Mountain Course.
2008–2009 for motorcycles not exceeding 125 cc engine capacity, held on the Billown Circuit.

text: 50 cc race 1962–1968, an additional World Championship event for Ultra-Lightweight motorcycles not exceeding 50 cc engine capacity, held on the Mountain Course.

text: Clubman TT and Production TT[edit]

text: The Clubman races with Lightweight, Junior and Senior classes were held for production motorcycles from 1947 until 1956.[29] A Senior 1000 cc class provided an opportunity for Vincent motorcycles.[30] The riders were little-known, but as the stars were barred from entering the class, it provided a stepping-stone for future-stars but resulted in less spectator-interest. The series became dominated by one model – the BSA Gold Star,[31][32][33] and with little competition from other manufacturers, was discontinued. When previewing the impending re-introduction of a specification-controlled, roadster-based class in March 1967, David Dixon wrote: "lack of inter-make rivalry probably put the final nail in the coffin".[31]

text: Writing in UK monthly magazine Motor Cyclist Illustrated, racing journalist Ray Knight, who had achieved a lap speed of nearly 88 mph on a Triumph Tiger 100 roadster-based racing motorcycle in the Manx Grand Prix,[34][35][36] commented in early 1965 that the ACU had refused a request from manufacturers to run a production TT race, which he thought was a missed opportunity, particularly considering the dwindling support for the 500 cc race.[37]

text: A Production TT for roadster-based motorcycles having classes for maximum engine capacities of 250 cc, 500 cc and 750 cc was introduced from 1967 until 1976 when the class was discontinued.

text: The Production TT was reintroduced for the 1984 races in three classes, reduced to two classes on safety grounds for the 1990 races. For the 2005 races the Superstock class replaced the previous 1000 cc & 600 cc Production TT classes that had been part of the race schedule since 1989.

text: Practice sessions[edit]

text: At the TT races there is usually one week of practice and one week of racing. Historically there was an early morning practice session from 05:00–07:30 am but this was discontinued from the 2004 races. During an early morning practice at the 1927 Isle of Man TT, Archie Birkin, brother of Tim Birkin of the Bentley Boys, was killed at Rhencullen. From 1928 practice sessions for the Isle of Man TT Races and Manx Grand Prix were held on closed roads. Evening practice sessions were introduced for the 1937 Isle of Man TT and continue to this day. The Thursday afternoon practice session from 13:45–17:00, introduced in the late 1950s, was discontinued from the Centenary races in 2007.

text: A schedule for practice sessions is announced each year well in advance. For the 2016 races a provisional schedule was announced by mid-July 2015,[38] and changes in the schedule were highlighted.[39]

text: But for example, the 2015 event began with a Saturday evening untimed practice session from 18:00–21:30, with the public roads that comprise the Snaefell Mountain Course closed. The section of the primary A18 Snaefell Mountain Road from Ramsey Hairpin to Creg-ny-Baa was to close at 16:45 for the practice periods (from 17:00 hours from the Bungalow), 1 hour and 15 minutes before the rest of the course.[40]

text: The first practice session in 2015 was to provide four controlled laps for newcomers, two for new Solo competitors and two for new Sidecar competitors. Competitors would be escorted for one lap of the Mountain Course by the Travelling Marshals at a steady pace and accompanied by experienced Isle of Man TT and/or Manx Grand Prix competitors.

text: The schedule for the first Saturday untimed session in 2015 was:

text: Practice week sessions[edit]

text: The main practice and timed practice sessions are usually held on Monday-Friday of the next week. The public roads forming the Mountain Course were to be closed in 2015 between 18:00 – 21:30 for the Solo and Sidecar classes. Some would-be racers need to qualify for races by achieving satisfactory practice times during these sessions.

text: Schedule for the five-day timed session Monday-Friday of practice week in 2015:

text: Race week practice sessions[edit]

text: Further scheduled timed practice sessions after the race periods for the 2015 Isle of Man TT Races:

text: Saturday 6 June:

text:
Mad Sunday, 7 June:
No practice sessions were scheduled during "Mad Sunday", a day when many fans ride the TT course themselves. An exception to this non-scheduling was in 2013 when there was racing on the afternoon of Mad Sunday. In 2013, Inspector Derek Flint said: "Even though the benefits of the mountain being one way are in place for the entire two weeks these days, Mad Sunday is traditionally a time for that little bit of extra exuberance, which creates us problems when people run out of skill, then run out of road".  Police are out in force, and in 2013  large numbers of fans were expected to ride due to very favourable weather forecasts.[41]

text: Monday 8 June:

text: Wednesday 10 June:

text: Practice TT Zero[edit]

text: Schedule for the TT Zero Challenge timed sessions in 2015 was:

text: Friday 5 June 20:30 – 20:50

text: Saturday 6 June 17:45 – 18:30

text: Monday 8 June 16:00 – 16:30

text: In the event of inclement weather either delaying or leading to the cancellation of one or more timed practice sessions, a reserve morning session could be held with the public roads closed 06:00 – 07:30 on the Mountain Course. Further untimed practice sessions are held during race week after the racing has been completed for selected race classes.

text: Race schedule[edit]

text: In 2015 there were four scheduled race days:

text: Saturday 6 June:

text: Monday 8 June:

text: Wednesday 10 June:

text: Friday 12 June:

text: The section of the primary A18 Snaefell Mountain Road from Ramsey Hairpin (Barrule Park, Ramsey) to Creg-ny-Baa was to close for the race periods 45 minutes before the rest of the course (30 minutes from the Bungalow).[42]

text: TT course official vehicles[edit]

text: After the completion of a practice or race period, an official course vehicle displaying the notice Roads Open proceeds around the Mountain Course, passing each point opening the roads including side-access junctions to public use. On the Snaefell mountain road section from Ramsey to Douglas, the official vehicle displays the notice Roads Open One Way.

text: Crossing places during practice and races[edit]

text: The 1982 Road Racing Act (Isle of Man) and the supplementary TT Road Races Orders allow vehicles and pedestrians to cross the Snaefell Mountain Course at certain points between scheduled race periods under the supervision of a police officer. Several permanent pedestrian overbridges have been erected. These points include:

text: In Douglas[edit]

text:
A2 St Ninian's Crossroads with the A22 Ballaquayle Road and the A22 Ballanard Road
A2 junction at Bray Hill with the Tromode Road and Stoney Road
A1 Peel Road between Braddan Bridge (Jubilee Oak) and the Quarterbridge
A2 Governor's Road, Onchan, the A2 Glencrutchery Road and Victoria Road at Governor's Bridge
A2 Glencrutchery Road between Second & Third Avenues and Victoria Road
A18 Bemahague Road at Bedstead Corner, Onchan

text:
Pedestrian overbridge at Glencrutchery Road, Douglas, close to start/finish and TT Grandstand

Pedestrian overbridge at Bedstead Corner, Douglas, with Hailwood Avenue junction to right

text: Elsewhere[edit]

text:
A1 Douglas to Peel road with the A23 Eyreton Road and the B36 Old Church Road, Crosby
A3 Castletown to Ramsey road junction with B10 Sartfield Road and the Ballaleigh Road at Barregarrow Crossroads, Michael
A3 junction with A10 Station Road and C37 Ballaugh Glen Road at Ballaugh Bridge
A3 junction with A14 Sandygate Road and A14 Tholt-y-Will Glen Road at Sulby Crossroads
A2 Albert Square and Princes Road, Ramsey at the junction with A18 Snaefell Mountain Road, close to May Hill

text:
Pedestrian overbridge before School House Corner, western approach to Ramsey town

Pedestrian overbridge exiting Ramsey town centre, looking south-east towards May Hill

Pedestrian overbridge at The Bungalow, on Snaefell mountain

text: TT Course access road[edit]

text: The TT Access Road runs parallel to a section of the A1 Peel Road, which is part of the Snaefell Mountain Course, and operates during practice and race periods to enable vehicles to pass from inside of the race course to the outside. It runs along a section of former railway line on the historic Douglas to Peel route, from the junction of the A5 New Castletown Road at the Quarter Bridge, passing under the course at Braddan Bridge, to an exit at Braddan School Road in Douglas outskirts, near the former Braddan Railway Halt and the A23/Ballafletcher Road junction. The access road is a narrow, single-track width with passing places and is restricted to cars and light vans below a weight limit of 3,500 kilograms (3.4 long tons; 3.9 short tons). When used for vehicular traffic, pedestrian access is prohibited, but at other times it is part of a system of nature-trails.[43][44]

text: Description[edit]

text: The Oxford Companion to World Sports and Games notes:

text: The oldest motor-cycle racing circuit still in use is the Snaefell Mountain Course over which the Isle of Man Tourist Trophy races are run. Starting at the town of Douglas on the south-east coast, the course takes a wide sweep to the west and north to enter the town of Ramsey on the north-east coast and thence return to the starting point, each lap measuring 373⁄4 miles (60.7 km) and taking in over 200 bends while climbing from sea level to an altitude of over 1,300 ft (396 m). This circuit is the epitome of the natural road course, all the roads used being ordinary public highways closed for the racing and practice sessions.[45]

text: During race week, the TT races create a carnival atmosphere with picnicking spectators flanking vantage points on the circuit similar to other community festivals in another form of cycle racing – the Tour de Yorkshire and Le Tour de France.

text: Safety[edit]

text: Between 1907 and 2018 there have been 147 fatalities during official practices or races on the Snaefell Mountain Course, and 255 total fatalities (this number includes the riders killed during the Manx Grand Prix, and Clubman TT race series of the late 1940s/1950s).[7][46][47]  In 2016, 5 riders died on the course during official practices or races, bringing the total number of fatalities to 252.[48][49][8][50] There were six fatalities among competitors in the 1970 Isle of Man TT, making it the deadliest year in the history of the event.[51][52]

text: Total overall race winners[edit]

text:
Rider
Wins

Joey Dunlop

26

John McGuinness

23

Michael Dunlop

18

Dave Molyneux

17

Ian Hutchinson

16

Mike Hailwood

14

Bruce Anstey

12

Steve Hislop, Phillip McCallen

11

Giacomo Agostini, Robert Fisher, Ian Lougher, Stanley Woods

10

Mick Boddice, Dave Saville, David Jefferies, Siegfried Schauzu

9

Ben Birchall, Jim Moodie, Chas Mortimer, Phil Read, Dan Sayle, Charlie Williams

8

Mick Grant, Wolfgang Kalauch, Tony Rutter

7

Chas Birks, Geoff Duke, Jimmie Guthrie, Rick Long, Jim Redman, Michael Rutter, John Surtees

6

Alec Bennett, Nick Crowe, Robert Dunlop, Brian Reid, Carlo Ubbiali

5

Klaus Enders, Freddie Frith, Wal Handley, Trevor Ireson, Benga Johansson, Dave Leach, Chris Palmer, Ray Pickrell, Tarquinio Provini, Horst Schneider, Barry Smith, Bill Smith, Jock Taylor, John Williams

4

Ray Amm, Adrian Archibald, Graeme Crosby, Harold Daniell, Max Deubel, Ralf Engelhardt, Ryan Farquhar, Patrick Farrance, Carl Fogarty, Alex George, Tom Herron, Darren Hope, Emil Hörner, Alan Jackson, Tony Jefferies, Geoff Johnson, Klaus Klaffenböck, Rob McElnea, Bob McIntyre, Phil Mellor, Dave Morris, Clive Pollington, Walter Schneider, Ian Simpson, Rolf Steinhausen, Hans Strauss, Luigi Taveri, Don Williams, Barry Woodland

3

Fergus Anderson, Hugh Anderson, Manliff Barrington, Artie Bell, Geoff Bell, Lowry Burton, Kel Carruthers, Bernard Codd, Charlie Collier, Keith Cornbill, Mark Cox, Steve Cull, Pat Cushnahan, Howard R Davies, Freddie Dixon, Charlie Dodson, Cameron Donald, Iain Duffus, Karl Ellison, Bob Foster, Dick Greasley, Manfred Grunwald, Hermann Hahn, Craig Hallam, Shaun Harris, Dean Harrison, John Hartle, Peter Hickman, Pete Hill, Fritz Hillebrand, Mac Hobson, Gary Hocking, John Holden, Josef Huber, Tim Hunt, Bill Ivy, Gary Johnson, Alistair King, Con Law, Eddie Laycock, Ivan Lintin, Bill Lomas, Nick Long, Graeme McGregor, Trevor Nation, Gary Padgett, Steve Plater, Jock Porter, Nick Roche, Cecil Sandford, Dave Saville, Tom Sheard, Edwin Twemlow, Malcolm Uphill, Dave Wells, Eric Williams, Andrew Winkle, Michael Wynn

2

Steve Abbott, Dario Ambrosini, Frank A Applebee, Ivor Arber, Reg Armstrong, Kenny Arthur, Stewart Atkinson, Georg Auerbacher, Mike Aylott, Mark Baldwin, Rob Barber, W. Harry Bashall, Ian Bell, Phillip Biggs, Eric Bliss, Dieter Braun, Eric Briggs, Norman Brown, Ralph Bryans, Jimmy Buchan, Trevor Burgess, Roger Burnett, Mick Burns, Florian Camathias, Maurice Cann, Neil Carpenter, Phil Carpenter, Phil Carter, Harold Clark, Rod Coleman, Harry A Collier, Stuart Collins, Syd Crabtree, Dave Croxford, J.D. Daniels, Leo Davenport, Geoff Davison, Tommy de la Hay, Ernst Degner, Walter Denny, George Douglas, Eddie Dow, Percy Evans, Helmut Fath, Jack Findlay, John Flaxman, Frank Fletcher, Rem Fowler, John Gibbard, Sid Gleave, Oliver Godfrey, Les Graham, Stuart Graham, Werner Haas, Dave Hallam, Roy Hanks, Colin Hardman, Bernard Hargreaves, Conrad Harrison, Ron Haslam, Ronnie Hazlehurst, Chris Heath, Alfred Herzig, Freddie Hicks, James Hillier, Robert Holden, Rupert Hollaus, Colin Hopper, Ken Horstman, Clive Horton, Eric Housley, Dennis Ireland, Mitsuo Itoh, Brian Jackson, Nick Jefferies, Doug Jewell, C. W. Johnston, Ken Kavanagh, Bob Keeler, Neil Kelly, Basil Keys, John Kidson, Ewald Kluge, Ray Knight, David Lashmar, Monty V. Lockwood, Frank Longman, Heinz Luthringshauser, Jack Marshall, Keith Martin, Hugh Mason, Cromie McCandless, Georg Meier, Ted Mellors, Mark Miller, Derek Minter, Brian Morrison, Les Nutt, George O'Dell, Eric Oliver, Mat Oxley, Len Parker, Philip Parker, Denis Parkinson, Graham Penny, Alex Phillip, Derek Powell, Cyril Pullin, Brian Purslow, Richard Quayle, Johnny Rea, Harry Reed, Tim Reeves, Brett Richmond, Tommy Robb, John Robinson, Mike Rogers, Nigel Rollason, Dave Roper, Gordon Russell, Fritz Scheidegger, Martyn Sharpe, Dave Simmonds, Bill Simpson, Jimmie Simpson, Cyril Taft, Omobono Tenni, Steve Tonkin, George Tucker, Kenneth Twemlow, Henry Tyrell-Smith, Chris Vincent, Terry Vinicombe, Graham Walker, Frank Whiteway, Cyril Williams, Paul Williams, Peter Williams, Alfred Wohlgemuth, Tim Wood, Tommy Wood, Stan Woods

1

text: FIM Championship Rounds (1949–1976)[edit]

text: The Isle of Man TT was part of the FIM Motor-Cycle Grand Prix World Championship (now MotoGP) between 1949 and 1976. During this period the Isle of Man TT Races counted as the United Kingdom round including the Sidecar TT, 50 cc Ultra-Lightweight TT, 125 cc Lightweight TT, 250 cc Lightweight TT, 350 cc Junior TT and 500 cc Senior TT races counted towards the FIM Motor-Cycle Grand Prix World Championship. After the 1972 races, multiple world champion and dominant motorcycle racer of his time Giacomo Agostini announced he would never race again at the Isle of Man, declaring it too dangerous for international competition and that it was outrageous that such a race should never[clarification needed] be part of a scenario where riders were forced to do such a race; at this point the Isle of Man TT was not suited to the growing professionalism and business aspects of Grand Prix motorcycle racing. More and more riders joined his boycott, and after 1976 the race was stricken from the championship and replaced by the British Grand Prix.

text:
Year

50 cc (Ultra-Lightweight TT)

125 cc (Lightweight TT)

250 cc (Lightweight TT)

350 cc (Junior TT)

500 cc (Senior TT)

Report

Rider

Manufacturer

Rider

Manufacturer

Rider

Manufacturer

Rider

Manufacturer

Rider

Manufacturer

1976

 Tom Herron

Yamaha

 Chas Mortimer

Yamaha

 Tom Herron

Yamaha

Report

1975

 Chas Mortimer

Yamaha

 Charlie Williams

Yamaha

 Mick Grant

Kawasaki

Report

1974

 Charlie Williams

Yamaha

 Tony Rutter

Yamaha

 Phil Carpenter

Yamaha

Report

1973

 Tommy Robb

Yamaha

 Charlie Williams

Yamaha

 Tony Rutter

Yamaha

 Jack Findlay

Suzuki

Report

1972

 Chas Mortimer

Yamaha

 Phil Read

Yamaha

 Giacomo Agostini

MV Agusta

 Giacomo Agostini

MV Agusta

Report

1971

 Chas Mortimer

Yamaha

 Phil Read

Yamaha

 Tony Jefferies

Yamsel

 Giacomo Agostini

MV Agusta

Report

1970

 Dieter Braun

Suzuki

 Kel Carruthers

Yamaha

 Giacomo Agostini

MV Agusta

 Giacomo Agostini

MV Agusta

Report

1969

 Dave Simmonds

Kawasaki

 Kel Carruthers

Benelli

 Giacomo Agostini

MV Agusta

 Giacomo Agostini

MV Agusta

Report

1968

 Barry Smith

Derbi

 Phil Read

Yamaha

 Bill Ivy

Yamaha

 Giacomo Agostini

MV Agusta

 Giacomo Agostini

MV Agusta

Report

1967

 Stuart Graham

Suzuki

 Phil Read

Yamaha

 Mike Hailwood

Honda

 Mike Hailwood

Honda

 Mike Hailwood

Honda

Report

1966

 Ralph Bryans

Honda

 Bill Ivy

Yamaha

 Mike Hailwood

Honda

 Giacomo Agostini

MV Agusta

 Mike Hailwood

Honda

Report

1965

 Luigi Taveri

Honda

 Phil Read

Yamaha

 Jim Redman

Honda

 Jim Redman

Honda

 Mike Hailwood

MV Agusta

Report

1964

 Hugh Anderson

Suzuki

 Luigi Taveri

Honda

 Jim Redman

Honda

 Jim Redman

Honda

 Mike Hailwood

MV Agusta

Report

1963

 Mitsuo Itoh

Suzuki

 Hugh Anderson

Suzuki

 Jim Redman

Honda

 Jim Redman

Honda

 Mike Hailwood

MV Agusta

Report

1962

 Ernst Degner

Suzuki

 Luigi Taveri

Honda

 Derek Minter

Honda

 Mike Hailwood

MV Agusta

 Gary Hocking

MV Agusta

Report

1961

 Mike Hailwood

Honda

 Mike Hailwood

Honda

 Phil Read

Norton

 Mike Hailwood

Norton

Report

1960

 Carlo Ubbiali

MV Agusta

 Gary Hocking

MV Agusta

 John Hartle

MV Agusta

 John Surtees

MV Agusta

Report

1959

 Tarquinio Provini

MV Agusta

 Tarquinio Provini

MV Agusta

 John Surtees

MV Agusta

 John Surtees

MV Agusta

Report

1958

 Carlo Ubbiali

MV Agusta

 Tarquinio Provini

MV Agusta

 John Surtees

MV Agusta

 John Surtees

MV Agusta

Report

1957

 Tarquinio Provini

Mondial

 Cecil Sandford

Mondial

 Bob McIntyre

Gilera

 Bob McIntyre

Gilera

Report

1956

 Carlo Ubbiali

MV Agusta

 Carlo Ubbiali

MV Agusta

 Ken Kavanagh

Moto Guzzi

 John Surtees

MV Agusta

Report

1955

 Carlo Ubbiali

MV Agusta

 Bill Lomas

Moto Guzzi

 Bill Lomas

Moto Guzzi

 Geoff Duke

Gilera

Report

1954

 Rupert Hollaus

NSU

 Werner Haas

NSU

 Rod Coleman

AJS

 Ray Amm

Norton

Report

1953

 Leslie Graham

MV Agusta

 Fergus Anderson

Moto Guzzi

 Ray Amm

Norton

 Ray Amm

Norton

Report

1952

 Cecil Sandford

MV Agusta

 Fergus Anderson

Moto Guzzi

 Geoff Duke

Norton

 Reg Armstrong

Norton

Report

1951

 Cromie McCandless

Mondial

 Tommy Wood

Moto Guzzi

 Geoff Duke

Norton

 Geoff Duke

Norton

Report

1950

 Dario Ambrosini

Benelli

 Artie Bell

Norton

 Geoff Duke

Norton

Report

1949

 Manliff Barrington

Moto Guzzi

 Freddie Frith

Velocette

 Harold Daniell

Norton

Report

text: Current lap records[edit]

text:
Category

Rider(s)

Machine

Tyres

Year

Time

Average speed

Source[54]

mph

km/h

Outright (all categories)

Peter Hickman
BMW S1000RR
Dunlop
2018
16:42.778
135.452

217.989
[1]

Superbike TT

Dean Harrison
Kawasaki
Metzeler
2018
16:50.384
134.432

216.347
[55]

Supersport TT

Michael Dunlop
Honda CBR600RR
Dunlop
2018
17:31.328
129.197

207.922
[56]

Lightweight TT

Michael Dunlop
Paton

2018
18:26.543
122.750

197.547
[57]

Ultra-Lightweight TT

Chris Palmer
Honda RS125

2004
20:20.87
110.52

177.86

Senior TT

Peter Hickman
BMW S1000RR
Dunlop
2018
16:42.778
135.452

217.989
[58]

Superstock TT

Peter Hickman
BMW S1000RR
Dunlop
2018
16:50.601
134.403

216.301
[59]

TT Zero

Michael Rutter
Mugen Shinden

2018
18:34.956
121.824

196.057
[60]

Sidecar TT

Ben Birchall and Tom Birchall
Honda CBR Sidecar
Avon
2018
18:59.018
119.250

191.914
[61]

text: Current race records[edit]

text:
Category

Rider(s)

Machine

Tyres

Year

Race time

Average speed

mph

km/h

Superbike TT (6 laps)

Michael Dunlop
BMW S1000RR
Dunlop
2018
01:44:13.398
130.324

209.736[55]

Supersport TT (4 laps)

Dean Harrison
Kawasaki ZX-6R

2018
01:11:28.059
126.703

203.909[62]

Lightweight TT (4 laps)

Michael Dunlop
Paton

2018
01:15:05.032
120.601

194.088[57]

Lightweight TT (3 laps)

Ivan Lintin
Kawasaki ER650
Metzeler
2015
57:06.070
118.936

191.409[63]

Senior TT (6 laps)

Peter Hickman
BMW S1000RR

2018
01:43:08.065
131.700

211.951[58]

Senior TT (4 laps)

John McGuinness
Honda CBR1000RR
Dunlop
2015
01:09:23.903
130.481

209.989

Superstock TT (4 laps)

Peter Hickman
BMW S1000RR
Dunlop
2018
01:08:49.976
131.553

211.714[59]

TT Zero (1 lap)

Michael Rutter
Mugen Shinden

2018
18:34.956
121.824

196.057[64]

Sidecar TT (3 laps)

Ben Birchall andTom Birchall
Honda CBR Sidecar
Avon
2018
57:25.040
118.281

190.355[61]

text: Race awards[edit]

text: Race winner trophies[edit]

text:
Race

Trophy

Rider(s)

Machine

Tyres

Year

Average speed

mph

km/h

Senior TT

Senior Tourist Trophy1
Michael Dunlop
Suzuki GSX-R1000
Dunlop
2017
130.456

209.949

TT Superbike

TT Superbike Trophy
Michael Dunlop
BMW S1000RR
Dunlop
2018
130.324

209.736[55]

TT Superstock

John Hartle Trophy
Peter Hickman
BMW S1000RR
Dunlop
2018
131.553

211.714[59]

TT Supersport Race 1

Junior Tourist Trophy
Michael Dunlop
Honda CBR600RR
Dunlop
2018
126.027

202.821[56]

TT Supersport Race 2

Classic TT Trophy
Ian Hutchinson
Yamaha YZF-R6
Metzeler
2016
125.905

202.624[65]

TT Lightweight

Lightweight TT Trophy
Michael Rutter
Paton S1
Dunlop
2017
118.645

190.941

TT Sidecar Race 1

Fred W. Dixon Trophy
Ben Birchall and Tom Birchall
Honda CBR Sidecar
Avon
2018
117.987

189.882[61]

TT Sidecar Race 2

Sidecar TT Trophy
Ben Birchall and Tom Birchall
LCR Honda 600 cc
Avon
2017
115.760

186.298

text: ^1  Marquis de Mouzilly St Mars Trophy.

text: Fastest lap awards[edit]

text:
Race

Trophy

Rider(s)

Machine

Year

Average speed

Time

mph

km/h

Overall

Jimmy Simpson Trophy
Michael Dunlop
Suzuki GSX-R1000
2017
132.903

213.887
17:02.009

Senior TT

Norman Brown Trophy
Michael Dunlop
Suzuki GSX-R1000
2017
132.903

213.887
17:02.009

TT Superbike

John Williams Trophy
Dean Harrison
Kawasaki Ninja ZX-10R
2018
134.432

216.347
16:50.384[1]

TT Superstock

Don Ryder Trophy
Peter Hickman
BMW S1000RR
2018
134.403

216.301
16:50.601[59]

TT Supersport Race

Formula 2 TT Trophy
Peter Hickman
Triumph Daytona 675
2017
126.848

204.142
17:50.792

TT Sidecar Race

Jock Taylor Trophy
Ben Birchall and Tom Birchall
LCR Honda 600 Sidecar
2017
117.119

188.485
19:19.746

text: Special awards[edit]

text:
Award
Trophy
Rider(s)
Machine
Year

TT Solo Championship

Joey Dunlop Trophy
Ian Hutchinson
BMW S1000RRYamaha YZF-R6
2016[66]

TT Privateer's Champion

TT Privateer's Champion
Daniel Hegarty
Kawasaki Ninja ZX-10RKawasaki Ninja ZX-6R
2016[66]

Overall Sidecar Championship

RAC Sidecar Trophy
John Holden andAndrew Winkle
LCR Suzuki 600 cc
2016[67]

Sidecar Passenger Championship

Craig Trophy
Andrew Winkle
LCR Suzuki 600 cc
2016[67]

Supersport Championship

TT Supporters' Club Trophy
Ian Hutchinson
Yamaha YZF-R6
2016

Sidecar Chassis Championship

Fred Hanks Trophy
John Holden andAndrew Winkle
LCR Suzuki 600 cc
2016[67]

Newcomers Sidecar Driver Championship

Peter Chapman Trophy
Lionel Mansuy
Windle 600 cc
2015

Newcomers Sidecar Passenger Championship

Dave Wells Trophy
Matty Ramsden
LCR 600 cc
2015

British competitorBritish manufacturer

Joe Craig Trophy
Guy Martin
Triumph 675 cc
2015

Irish (North or South) solo competitor

Martin Finnegan Trophy
Michael Dunlop
BMW S1000RR
2016[66][68]

Isle of Man solo competitor

Gavin Lee Trophy
Conor Cummins
Honda CBR1000RR
2016[68]

text: Other Special awards[edit]

text: Fastest Newcomer – The Vernon Cooper Trophy

text:
Rider(s)

Machine

Year

Average speed

Time

mph

km/h

Derek McGee
Honda 1000 cc
2015
121.928

196.224
18:33.999

text: Most Meritorious Female – The Susan Jeness Trophy is awarded yearly by the Executive Committee of the TT Supporters' Club, in recognition of the "most meritorious performance by a female competitor" during the previous TT meeting.[69]

text:
Rider(s)

Race Category

Year

Jenny Tinmouth
solo rider
2010

Jenny Tinmouth
solo rider
2011

Debbie Baron
as driver, Ireson Kawasaki Sidecar 600 cc
2012

Estelle Leblond
as driver, Sidecar 600 cc
2013

Estelle Leblond
as driver, Sidecar 600 cc
2014

(undecided)

2015


document_title: Matt Monro

question_text: who wrote if i never sing another song

question_tokens: who wrote if i never sing another song

root

text: Matt Monro

text: Early career[edit]

text: He was born Terence Edward Parsons in Shoreditch, London[4] and attended Duncombe School in Islington, and Elliott School, Putney.[5] He was first noticed while serving in the British armed forces in Hong Kong.[6]

tag: p

text: A regular guest (and frequent winner) of Radio Rediffusion's Talent Time show, he was invited by then-host Ray Cordeiro to perform in his own one-off show, on the condition that he would bow out of future Talent Time episodes to make way for others. Agreeing to the deal, he performed his first on-air concert for Rediffusion on June 27, 1953.[7]

text: By 1956, Monro had become a featured vocalist with the BBC Show Band. An important influence on his early career was the pianist Winifred Atwell, who became his mentor, provided him with his stage name, and helped him sign with Decca Records.

text: In 1957 Monro released Blue and Sentimental, a collection of standards. Despite the album's critical acclaim, Monro languished among the young male singers trying to break through at the end of the 1950s, many of them emulating Frankie Vaughan by recording cover versions of American hits. (Monro even recorded a version of Vaughan's "Garden of Eden" during this period.) A short recording contract with Fontana Records followed.

text: By the end of the 1950s, Monro's mid-decade fame had evaporated, and he returned to relative obscurity. He and his wife Mickie lived from her wages as a song plugger and his royalties from a TV advertising jingle for Camay soap. In 1959 he recorded a country pastiche song, "Bound for Texas", for The Chaplin Revue, a feature-length compilation of Charlie Chaplin shorts. It would be the first of many Monro soundtrack themes.

text: International success[edit]

text: Prior to producing the Peter Sellers album Songs for Swingin' Sellers in 1960, George Martin asked Monro to record a satirical ditty to help the comedian imitate the song with a Frank Sinatra-type styling. When Sellers heard the recording he decided to use it to open the record rather than record his own version. However, Sellers billed Monro as "Fred Flange," and though it was a demoralising experience at the time, the incident developed into a lifelong friendship with Martin, who subsequently asked Monro to begin recording with him for EMI's Parlophone record label. Their second single and Monro's highest UK chart success, "Portrait of My Love", written by Cyril Ornadel and Norman Newell OBE (using the pseudonym "David West") reached number three in the UK Singles Chart.

text: By the following year, he had been named Top International Act by Billboard.  In February 1961, the British music magazine, NME reported that Monro had won ITV's A Song for Britain with "My Kind of Girl".[8] His follow-up hits included that song, plus "Softly as I Leave You" (1962) and the song from the James Bond film From Russia with Love (1963). For the latter, his vocals were not used in the opening titles, as became the standard for the series; they were heard on a radio during the film and over the final credits.

text: At the 1964 Eurovision Song Contest, singing "I Love the Little Things," Monro finished second behind Italy's 16-year-old Gigliola Cinquetti, despite an "excellent performance of the only English language song of the night."[9] The Austrian entry "Warum nur warum?", performed  by songwriter Udo Jürgens, caught Monro's ear, despite its sixth-place finish, and he recorded an English version titled "Walk Away" (lyric by Monro's manager Don Black), earning him another hit single late in 1964. He also had a hit with the Beatles' "Yesterday" in 1965, releasing the first single of the most recorded song of all time, predating even the Beatles' own.

text: The following year, Monro sang the Oscar-winning title song for the film, Born Free, which became his signature tune. It was also his second collaboration with John Barry, following From Russia With Love. Monro went on to record two further songs from Barry film scores: "Wednesday's Child" (from the film The Quiller Memorandum) and "This Way Mary" (from Mary, Queen of Scots). Both Born Free and "On Days Like These" (from the film The Italian Job) had lyrics by Don Black.

text: In the late 1960s he recorded another Udo Jürgens song with the name Was Ich Dir Sagen Will. It was adapted to English as The Music Played. Matt  recorded a Spanish version of the song with adapted title of Alguien Canto. The Spanish version was a top sales hit (Superventas) in Spain in 1969.[10] Additionally, Monro recorded an English version of Jürgens' 1966 Eurovision winner Merci, Chérie, but it failed to chart when released as a UK single.

text: On 31 December 1976, Monro performed Black's "Walk Away" on BBC1's A Jubilee of Music, celebrating British pop music for Queen Elizabeth II's impending Silver Jubilee.

text: Monro achieved fame in the United States when "My Kind of Girl" (1961) and "Walk Away" (1964) hit the Top 40. In 1966, following the death of Nat King Cole, EMI moved Monro from Parlophone to Capitol. After relocating to California and recording several albums with American arrangers, Monro returned to the UK and began appearing on EMI's Columbia label, his final U.S. album release being Close To You in 1970. This LP contained "We're Gonna Change The World", a semi-satirical song about women's liberation, which was not a hit in either the US or the UK but was nevertheless widely played, and became enduringly popular on BBC Radio 2.

text: He continued touring and recording until just before his death, releasing a single and promoting it throughout the UK and Australia in 1984. In one of his final appearances Monro praised Boy George, noting the importance of quality recordings in all musical genres.[citation needed]

text: Marriages[edit]

text: This section needs additional citations for verification. Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. (July 2017) (Learn how and when to remove this template message)

tag: table

text: He was married twice, to:

text:
Iris, in 1953 (divorced); one son Mitchell (died 2004)
Mickie Schuller (born 19 July 1933 in Berlin; died 25 February 2010 aged 76, in Middlesex, England of bone cancer), married 1959–1985; one daughter Michele and one son, Matt Monro Jnr

tag: ul

text: Death and legacy[edit]

text: Monro was a heavy smoker and battled alcoholism in the 1960s.[11] He died from liver cancer on 7 February 1985 at the Cromwell Hospital, Kensington, London,[12] aged 54, leaving a widow, Mickie, and three children: Mitchell, Michele, and Matthew. Mitchell, a professional pilot, also died of cancer, in 2004.  Matt Monro was cremated at Golders Green Crematorium. The ashes were removed by the family.[13] A memorial service was also held in Harrow.

text: The 20th anniversary of Monro's death spotlighted the continuing interest in his music, with a Top 10 tribute compilation CD (UK), a No. 1 concert DVD (UK), a BBC TV documentary, and an official website[14] all appearing in 2005. A 2007 compilation CD entitled From Matt With Love reached the Top 40 of the UK Albums Chart during its first week of release. His songs were featured on Friday Night is Music Night on 8 October 2010.

text: In Autumn 2005 Matt Monro Jnr. toured the United Kingdom with a tribute concert commemorating the anniversary. Also, EMI  re-released Matt Sings Monro, a 1995 duet album that combined his voice with the senior Monro's. Another posthumous Matt Monro duet, with Cliff Richard, appeared on Richard's duets CD, Two's Company, in 2007.

text: Monro never recorded a "live" concert album, preferring the technical purity of the recording studio and wanting his public performances to retain an element of uniqueness. However, in the past few years, commercially released concert albums have emerged following meticulous remastering of radio and television shows, private recordings he commissioned. These include an intimate 1967 cabaret performance from his first tour of Australia; a 1967 BBC concert with Nelson Riddle; a 1966 arena concert before 24,000 fans in Manila; and one of his final concerts, recorded on the last night of his fourteenth and final Australian tour in 1984.

text: In recent years, Michael Bublé and Rick Astley have cited Matt Monro as a strong influence.[citation needed] He continues to feature prominently on radio stations and CD compilations featuring popular easy-listening vocalists.

text: His daughter Michele has written a biography, The Singer's Singer: The Life and Music of Matt Monro and has been instrumental, along with sound engineer Richard Moore, in releasing rare and unreleased material by Matt Monro in recent years.

text: His music[edit]

text:
Matt Monro – On Days Like These excerpt

An excerpt from "On Days Like These"
Problems playing this file? See media help.

text: Most of Monro's recordings were produced or overseen by George Martin. Unlike his contemporaries, Monro recorded very few Tin Pan Alley standards during his career. (The exception was Matt Monro Sings Hoagy Carmichael, one of his most highly regarded albums.) Instead, he and Martin searched for material written by promising newcomers and commissioned English lyrics for dramatic melodies written by European composers.

text: Monro also covered many of the most popular stage and screen songs of the 1950s and 1960s. Over the years, his recordings featured arrangements by Sid Feller, Billy May, John Barry, Buddy Bregman, Kenny Clayton and Colin Keyes, and Martin himself. He also had a long and fruitful musical partnership with British arranger Johnnie Spence. Monro also teamed up with American star arrangers Nelson Riddle and Billy May and leading British bandleader Ted Heath, for concerts broadcast by the BBC.

text: In 1973 Monro released a vocal version of the popular Van der Valk TV-series theme titled "And You Smiled", with lyrics written by Melvyn Taggart. It was his final hit. In 1977,  he recorded the Don Black penned, "If I Never Sing Another Song", which became a latter-day standard among his contemporaries, its lyrics referring to the "heyday" of fan mail, awards, and other trappings of celebrity that had faded for them.

text: In 1979 Monro recorded an all-Spanish album produced by Leonardo Schultz and Gary Mason.  Schultz and Mason hoped to capitalize on the success of the earlier hit song Alquien Canto, which Leonardo Schultz had adapted to Spanish.  The album, entitled "Camino al Amor", was recorded in George Martin's Air London Studios, as well as in Miami, Los Angeles, and New York.  The arranger was Kenny Woodman, and it was engineered by Tom Greto.  The album was a critical success, and was a hit in various Latin American countries. The song Volvere Alguna Vez from the album made it on to the singles charts: the song was subsequently sung by Jose Feliciano and became a hit.

text: Hit albums[edit]

text:
Year

Album

Peak positions

Certifications†

UK [15]

BPI (UK) [16]

1965

I Have Dreamed

20

N/A

1966

This Is the Life!

25

N/A

1967

Invitation to the Movies

30

N/A

1980

Heartbreakers

5

Gold

1982

Matt Monro – The Very Best of Matt Monro

—

Gold

2005

The Ultimate

7

Gold

2007

From Matt with Love

30

—

2010

The Greatest

28

—

text: † Before 1973 the BPI did not have an album/single certified award scheme.

text: Hit singles[edit]

text:
Year

Single

Chart Positions

UK[15]

US

AC

AU

1960

Portrait of My Love

3

—

—

—

1961

My Kind of Girl

5

18

6

29

Why Not Now? / Can This Be Love

24

92

—

93

Gonna Build a Mountain

44

—

—

—

1962

Softly As I Leave You / Is There Anything I Can Do

10

116

—

—

When Love Comes Along

46

—

—

—

My Love and Devotion

29

—

—

—

1963

From Russia with Love

20

—

—

—

1964

Walk Away

4

23

5

6

For Mama

23

135

—

—

1965

Without You (I Cannot Live)

37

101

—

73

Yesterday

8

—

—

98

1966

Born Free / Other People

—

126

35

4

Merci Cherie / Honey on the Vine

—

—

—

74

1967

The Lady Smiles

—

—

11

—

What to Do

—

—

22

—

1968

The Music Played

—

—

15

25

1970

He Ain't Heavy, He's My Brother

—

—

—

72

1973

And You Smiled

28

—

—

100

"—" denotes releases that failed to chart/were not released


document_title: Saint Joseph's Day

question_text: what color do you wear on st joseph's day

question_tokens: what color do you wear on st joseph 's day

text: Saint Joseph's Day

text: Christian traditions[edit]

text:
Part of a series onJosephologyof the Catholic ChurchSaint Joseph (c. 1640) by Guido Reni.
General articles
Saint Joseph
Holy Family
marriage
Saint Joseph's dreams
Saint Joseph's Day

Prayers and devotions
Prayer
Novena
Chaplet
Scapular
Cord

Organisations
Sisters of St. Joseph
Josephite Fathers
Oblates of St. Joseph

Papal documents
Quamquam pluries
Redemptoris custos

 Catholicism portalvte

text: March 19 always falls during Lent, and traditionally it is a day of abstinence. This explains the custom of Saint Joseph tables being covered with meatless dishes.

text: If the feast day falls on a Sunday other than Palm Sunday, it is observed on the next available day, usually Monday, March 20, unless another solemnity (e.g., a church's patronal saint) falls on that day. Since 2008, if Saint Joseph's Day falls during Holy Week, it is moved to the closest possible day before 19 March, usually the Saturday before Holy Week. This change was announced by the Congregation for Divine Worship in Notitiae March–April, 2006 (475-476, page 96) in order to avoid occurrences of the feasts of Saint Joseph and the Annunciation both being moved to just after the Easter octave. This decision does not apply to those using the 1962 Missal according to the provisions of Summorum Pontificum; when that missal is used, its particular rubrics, which require the feast to be transferred to the next available date after 19 March, must be observed. In practice, the 1962 rubrics lead to the observance of St. Joseph's Day on the Tuesday following Low Sunday, as the Feast of the Annunciation (which must also be transferred in years when its assigned date, 25 March, falls during either Holy Week or the octave of Easter) is observed on the Monday after Low Sunday.

text: Italy[edit]

text: In Sicily, where Saint Joseph is regarded by many as their Patron saint, and in many Italian-American communities, thanks are given to Saint Joseph (San Giuseppe in Italian) for preventing a famine in Sicily during the Middle Ages. According to legend, there was a severe drought at the time, and the people prayed for their patron saint to bring them rain. They promised that if God answered their prayers through Joseph's intercession, they would prepare a large feast to honor him. The rain did come, and the people of Sicily prepared a large banquet for their patron saint. The fava bean was the crop which saved the population from starvation and is a traditional part of Saint Joseph's Day altars and traditions. Giving food to the needy is a Saint Joseph's Day custom. In some communities it is traditional to wear red clothing and eat a Neapolitan pastry known as a zeppola (created in 1840 by Don Pasquale Pinatauro in Napoli) on Saint Joseph's Day.[6] Maccu di San Giuseppe is a traditional Sicilian dish that consists of various ingredients and maccu that is prepared on this day.[7] Maccu is a foodstuff and soup that dates to ancient times which is prepared with fava beans as a primary ingredient.[7]

text: Upon a typical Saint Joseph's Day altar, people place flowers, limes, candles, wine, fava beans, specially prepared cakes, breads, and cookies (as well as other meatless dishes), and zeppole. Foods are traditionally served containing bread crumbs to represent saw dust since Joseph was a carpenter. Because the feast occurs during Lent, traditionally no meat was allowed on the celebration table. The altar usually has three tiers, to represent the Trinity.[8]

text: On the Sicilian island of Lipari, the Saint Joseph legend is modified somewhat, and says that sailors returning from the mainland encountered a fierce storm that threatened to sink their boat.  They prayed to Saint Joseph for deliverance, and when they were saved, they swore to honor the saint each year on his feast day.  The Liparian ritual is somewhat changed, in that meat is allowed at the feast.

text: Some villages like Avola used to burn wood and logs in squares on the day before Saint Joseph, as thanksgiving to the Saint. In Belmonte Mezzagno this is currently still performed every year, while people  ritually  shout invocations to the Saint in local Sicilian language. This is called "A Vampa di San Giuseppe" (the Saint Joseph's bonfire).

text: Spectacular celebrations are also held in Bagheria. Joseph is even celebrated twice a year, the second time being held especially for people from Bagheria who come back for summer vacation from other parts of Italy or abroad.

text: In Italy, March 19 is also Father's Day.

text: Malta[edit]

text: In Malta, the set date for the celebration of Saint Joseph is March 19, but can be moved if necessary to fit into the Lent and Easter season. This has been a day of remembrance in Malta since the 10th century A.D.. Most businesses shut down for this day for all the celebrations that occur. The main celebrations are held in Mdina, which is the “old capital” of Malta in the suburbs of the city of Rabat. There are three main events that occur for this day. One of them being special masses in honor of Saint Joseph. Then it follows with colorful processions with music bands in the streets and fireworks at night. The main procession takes place in the evening with the statue of St. Joseph being carried to the church of Saint Mary of Jesus. The statue represents a high level of workmanship for the figure Joseph had in Jesus' life.[9] Also, this is one of the public holidays in Malta, known as Jum San Ġużepp. People celebrate mass in the morning, and in the afternoon go for a picnic. It is a liturgical feast that occurs on a Sunday in summer. However, the city of Rabat celebrates the traditional Maltese feast where in the evening a procession is also held with the statue of Saint Joseph. On this day also the city of Żejtun celebrates the day, known as Jum il-Kunsill (Zejtun Council's Day), till 2013 was known as Jum iż-Żejtun (Zejtun's Day). During this day a prominent person from Żejtun is given the Żejtun Honour (Ġieħ iż-Żejtun). In the past years the Żejtun Parish Church has celebrated these feast days with a procession with the statue of Saint Joseph.

text: Spain[edit]

text: In Spain, Saint Joseph's Day is their version of Father's Day, which is called El Dia del Padre. In some parts of Spain it is celebrated as Falles. They feel that St. Joseph is a good example of what a father figure should be like, which is why they connect these two days. Since Spain does correlate this day with Father's Day, it is tradition for children to cook their fathers breakfast or even give small gifts. It is a "meatless affair", because it occurs during the Lenten season. Some symbols to represent this day include Jesus holding carpenter tools, baby Jesus, and a staff with lilies. A few things to do on this day to celebrate are attending a special church service, visiting different cathedrals, joining Valencia's Falla Festival, and exploring the city, museums and art galleries. The Falla Festival runs for 5 days and ends on March 19 in remembrance of Saint Joseph.[10]

text: Poland[edit]

text: In Poland, it is necessary to celebrate Imienien or Namesday, the feast day of one's patron saint; celebrating Saint Joseph's Day is a part of this. Polish families celebrate this day with a Saint Joseph's table in their house that is decorated with red and white for Poland and Saint Joseph. These tables set up in their house include holy cards and candles all around and meatless food in which they call a "festive fast" because it is Lent season. To represent and honor Saint Joseph, Poland has hymns they made. A few of the hymns are Duszo moja, O Jozefie Ukochany, and Szczesliwy, Kto Sobie Patrona.[11]

text: The Philippines[edit]

text: In the Philippines, some families maintain the ritual of holding a banquet for the Holy Family. An old man, a young lady, and a small boy, often chosen from among the poor, are honoured as representations of Saint Joseph, the Blessed Virgin Mary, and the Child Jesus, respectively.

text: The three, sometimes dressed like the santo (traditional saint image) they each represent, are seated around a table set with the family's best silverware and china, and served a variety of courses. Hymns are sung while they are literally spoonfed by senior members of the host family and inportant guests. The Novena to Saint Joseph is also recited at a nearby temporary altar. The hosts and other participants then seek blessings from the “Holy Family” by paying obeisance to the three individuals (or images of the holy personages they represent), either through kissing icons in the hands of the trio or performing mano, all while genuflecting before them.

text: The now-fed “Holy Family” are lastly given donations (monetary or in kind), which they split amongst themselves, as a thank-you gift after the ceremony. [12]

text: United States of America[edit]

text: In New Orleans, Louisiana, which was a major port of entry for Sicilian immigrants during the late 19th century, the Feast of Saint Joseph is a citywide event. Both public and private Saint Joseph's altars are traditionally built. The altars are usually open to any visitor who wishes to pay homage. The food is generally distributed to charity after the altar is dismantled.[13]

text: There are also parades in honor of Saint Joseph and the Italian population of New Orleans which are similar to the many marching clubs and truck parades of Mardi Gras and Saint Patrick's Day. Tradition in New Orleans also holds that by burying a small statue of Saint Joseph upside down in the front yard of a house, that house will sell more promptly. In addition to the above traditions, some groups of Mardi Gras Indians stage their last procession of the season on the Sunday nearest to Saint Joseph's Day otherwise known as "Super Sunday," after which their costumes are dismantled.[14]

text: Saint Joseph's Day is also celebrated in other American communities with high proportions of Italians such as New York City; Utica/Rome, NY, Syracuse, NY, Niagara Falls, NY, Buffalo, NY, Hawthorne, NJ, Hoboken, NJ, Jersey City, NJ; Kansas City, MO; and Chicago;[15] Gloucester, Mass.; and Providence, Rhode Island, where observance (which takes place just after Saint Patrick's Day) often is expressed through "the wearing of the red", i.e., wearing red clothing or accessories similar to the wearing of green on Saint Patrick's Day. Saint Joseph's Day tables may also be found in Rockford and Elmwood Park, Illinois.[16]

text: Americans of Polish ancestry, especially those in the Midwest and New England, who have the name Joseph celebrate Saint Joseph's Day (Dzien Swietego Jozefa) as an imieniny. As a symbol of ethnic pride, and in solidarity with their Italian counterparts, Polish Catholic parishes often hold Saint Joseph's Day feasts known as Saint Joseph's Tables or Saint Joseph's altars, and display statues and holy cards of Saint Joseph. As the day falls during Lent, these are meatless feasts.[17]

text: In the Mid-Atlantic regions, Saint Joseph's Day is traditionally associated with the return of anadromous fish, such as striped bass, to their natal rivers, such as the Delaware.[citation needed]

text: Saint Joseph's Day is also the day when the swallows are traditionally believed to return to Mission San Juan Capistrano after having flown south for the winter.[18]


document_title: Hacksaw Ridge

question_text: who plays desmond doss wife in hacksaw ridge

text: Hacksaw Ridge

text: Plot[edit]

text: As a young boy, Desmond Doss nearly kills his younger brother Hal. This experience and his Seventh-day Adventist upbringing reinforce Desmond's belief in the commandment "Thou shalt not kill". Years later, Doss takes an injured man to the hospital and meets a nurse, Dorothy Schutte. The two begin a relationship and Doss tells Dorothy of his interest in medical work.

text: After the Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor, Doss is motivated to enlist in the Army and intends to serve as a combat medic. His father Tom, a troubled World War I veteran, is deeply upset by the decision. Before leaving for Fort Jackson, he asks for Dorothy's hand in marriage and she accepts.

text: Doss is placed under the command of Sergeant Howell. He excels physically but becomes an outcast among his fellow soldiers for refusing to handle a rifle and train on Saturdays. Howell and Captain Glover attempt to discharge Doss for psychiatric reasons but are overruled, as Doss' religious beliefs do not constitute mental illness. They subsequently torment Doss by putting him through grueling labor, intending to get Doss to leave of his own accord. Despite being beaten one night by his fellow soldiers, he refuses to identify his attackers and continues training.

text: Doss' unit completes basic training and is released on leave, during which Doss intends to marry Dorothy, but his refusal to carry a firearm leads to an arrest for insubordination. Captain Glover and Dorothy visit Doss in jail and try to convince him to plead guilty so that he can be released without charge but Doss refuses to compromise his beliefs. At his trial, Doss pleads not guilty, but before he is sentenced, his father barges into the tribunal with a letter from a former commanding officer stating that his son's pacifism is protected by an Act of Congress. The charges against Doss are dropped, and he and Dorothy are married.

text: Doss' unit is assigned to the 77th Infantry Division and deployed to the Pacific theater. During the Battle of Okinawa, Doss' unit is informed that they are to relieve the 96th Infantry Division, which was tasked with ascending and securing the Maeda Escarpment ("Hacksaw Ridge”). In the initial fight, both sides sustain heavy losses, and Doss successfully saves several soldiers, including those with severe injuries. The Americans camp for the night, which Doss spends in a foxhole with Smitty, a squadmate who was the first to call Doss a coward. Doss reveals that his aversion to holding a firearm stems from nearly shooting his drunken father, who threatened his mother with a gun. Smitty apologizes for doubting his courage and the two make amends.

text: The next morning, the Japanese launch a massive counterattack and drive the Americans off the escarpment. Smitty is killed, while Howell and several of Doss' squad mates are left injured on the battlefield. Doss hears the cries of the dying soldiers and decides to run back into the carnage. He starts carrying wounded soldiers to the cliff's edge and belaying them down by rope, each time praying to save one more. The arrival of dozens of wounded once presumed dead comes as a shock to the rest of the unit below. When day breaks, Doss rescues Howell and the two finally escape Hacksaw under enemy fire.

text: Captain Glover tells Doss that the men have been inspired by his miraculous efforts, and that they will not launch the next attack without him. Despite the next day being the Sabbath day, he joins his fellow soldiers after finishing his prayers. With reinforcements, they turn the tide of battle. During an ambush set by Japanese soldiers feigning surrender, Doss manages to save Glover and others by knocking away enemy grenades. Doss is eventually wounded by a grenade blast, but the battle is won. Doss descends the cliff, clutching the Bible Dorothy gave him.

text: The film switches to real-life photos and archive footage showing that after rescuing 75 soldiers at Hacksaw Ridge, Doss was awarded the Medal of Honor by President Harry S. Truman. Doss stayed married to Dorothy until her death in 1991. He died on March 23, 2006, at the age of 87.

text: Cast[edit]

text:
Andrew Garfield as Desmond Doss
Vince Vaughn as Sergeant Howell
Sam Worthington as Captain Jack Glover
Luke Bracey as Smitty Ryker
Hugo Weaving as Tom Doss, Desmond's father
Ryan Corr as Lieutenant Manville
Teresa Palmer as Dorothy Schutte, Desmond's wife
Rachel Griffiths as Bertha Doss, Desmond's mother
Richard Roxburgh as Colonel Stelzer
Luke Pegler as Milt "Hollywood" Zane
Richard Pyros as Randall "Teach" Fuller
Ben Mingay as Grease Nolan
Firass Dirani as Vito Rinnelli
Damien Thomlinson as Ralph Morgan
Matt Nable as Lt. Colonel Cooney
Robert Morgan as Colonel Sangston
Nathaniel Buzolic as Harold "Hal" Doss, Desmond's brother

text: Production[edit]

text: Development[edit]

text: The project was in development hell for 14 years.[10] Numerous producers had tried for decades to film Doss' story, including decorated war hero Audie Murphy and Hal B. Wallis (producer of Casablanca).[11]

text: In 2001, after finally convincing Doss that making a movie on his remarkable life was the right thing to do, screenwriter/producer Gregory Crosby (grandson of Bing Crosby) wrote the treatment and brought the project to film producer David Permut, of Permut Presentations, through the early efforts of Stan Jensen of the Seventh-day Adventist Church, which ultimately led to the film being financed.[10]

text: In 2004, director Terry Benedict won the rights to make a documentary about Doss, The Conscientious Objector, and secured the dramatic film rights in the process. However, Doss died in 2006, after which producer Bill Mechanic acquired and then sold the rights to Walden Media, which developed the project along with producer David Permut.[12] Co-producers of the film are Gregory Crosby and Steve Longi.[13] Walden Media insisted on a PG-13 version of the battle, and Mechanic spent years working to buy the rights back.[11][14]

text: After acquiring the rights, Mechanic approached Mel Gibson, and wanted him to create a concoction of violence and faith, as he did with The Passion of the Christ (2004). Gibson turned down the offer twice, as he previously did with Braveheart (1995).[15] Then nearly a decade later, Gibson finally agreed to helm the film, a decision announced in November 2014. The same month, Andrew Garfield was confirmed to play the role of Desmond Doss.[12]

text: With a budget of $40 million, the team still faced many challenges. Hacksaw Ridge became an international co-production, with key players and firms located in both the United States and Australia. When Australian tax incentives were taken off the table, the film had to qualify as Australian to receive government subsidies. Despite being American-born, Gibson's early years in Australia helped the film qualify, along with most of the cast being Australian, including Rachel Griffiths (Doss' mother), Teresa Palmer (Doss' wife), Sam Worthington (unit leader), Hugo Weaving (as Doss' father), Richard Roxburgh (as a colonel) and Luke Bracey (as Smitty, one of Doss' most antagonistic unit members). Rounding out the cast was American actor Vince Vaughn.[16]

text: On February 9, 2015, IM Global closed a deal to finance the film, and also sold the film into the international markets.[17] On the same day, Lionsgate acquired the North American distribution rights to the film.[18] Chinese distribution rights were acquired by Bliss Media, a Shanghai-based film production and distribution company.[19]

text: Hacksaw Ridge is the first film directed by Gibson since Apocalypto in 2006,[20][21] and marks a departure from his previous films, such as Apocalypto and Braveheart, in which the protagonists acted violently.[22]

text: Writing[edit]

text: Robert Schenkkan and Randall Wallace wrote the script, and Wallace was previously attached to direct the film. Andrew Knight polished the original script. Gibson's partner Bruce Davey also produced the film, along with Paul Currie.[23]

text: Casting[edit]

text: The cast – Andrew Garfield, Vince Vaughn, Sam Worthington, Luke Bracey, Teresa Palmer, Rachel Griffiths, Richard Roxburgh, Luke Pegler, Richard Pyros, Ben Mingay, Firass Dirani, Nico Cortez, Michael Sheasby, Goran Kleut, Jacob Warner, Harry Greenwood, Damien Thomlinson, Ben O’Toole, Benedict Hardie, Robert Morgan, Ori Pfeffer, Milo Gibson, and Nathaniel Buzolic, Hugo Weaving, and Ryan Corr – was announced between November 2014 and October 2015.[23][24][25][26][27] The younger Doss was played by Darcy Bryce.[28]

text: Garfield plays Desmond Doss, a US Army medic awarded the Medal of Honor by President Harry S. Truman for saving lives during the Battle of Okinawa in World War II.[12] Garfield had high regards for Doss, and venerated him for his act of bravery, hailing him as a "wonderful symbol of embodying the idea of live and let live no matter what your ideology is, no matter what your value system is, just to allow other people to be who they are and allow yourself to be who you are." He found the idea of playing a real superhero, as compared to his past roles playing Spider-Man in The Amazing Spider-Man and its sequel, much more inspiring.[29] Garfield admitted that he cried the first time he read the screenplay.[30] He visited Doss' hometown and touched his various tools.[31] Gibson was drawn to Garfield the first time he saw his performance in The Social Network.[22]

text: Palmer wanted a role in the film so badly that she auditioned via phone, and sent the recording to Gibson. She heard nothing back for three months, until Gibson called Palmer to tell her in a Skype chat that he had cast her in the role of Dorothy, Doss' wife.[32]

text: Principal photography[edit]

text: Principal photography started on September 29, 2015,[21] and lasted for 59 days,[33] ending in December of that year.[10] Filming took place entirely in Australia.[15] The film was based at Fox Studios in Sydney, after producers vigorously scouted for locations around the country.[34] Filming took place mostly in the state of New South Wales — where Gibson spent much of his early years — in and around Sydney such as in Richmond,[35] Bringelly,[36] and Oran Park.[37] Gibson moved to the state in July 2015, two months before filming began.[38] The graveyard scene was shot at a set-constructed cemetery in Sydney's Centennial Park.[39] The grounds of Newington Armory at Sydney Olympic Park were used as Fort Jackson. Filming in Bringelly required the team to clear and deforest over 500 hectares of land, which evoked the ire of some environmentalists. However, the producers had complete approval and clearance to do so. Also conditions were imposed to replant and rehabilitate part of the land after filming ceased.[40] According to Troy Grant, New South Wales' deputy premier and minister for the arts, the film brought 720 jobs and US$19 million to regional and rural New South Wales.[41]

text: Altogether, three jeeps, two trucks and a tank were featured in the film.[15] Bulldozers and backhoes were used to transform a dairy pasture near Sydney to re-create the Okinawa battlefield. A berm had to be raised around the perimeter so cameras could turn 360 degrees without getting any eucalyptus trees in the background.[15] Gibson did not want to rely heavily on computer visual effects, either on the screen or in pre-visualizing the battle scenes. Visual effects were used only during bloody scenes, like napalm-burnt soldiers.[15] During filming of the war scenes, Gibson incorporated his past war-movie experiences, and would yell to the actors, reminding them constantly of what they were fighting for.[15]

text: Themes[edit]

text: The film has been described as an anti-war film,[42] with pacifist themes.[15] It also incorporates recurring religious imagery, such as baptism and ascension.[3]

text: Historical accuracy[edit]

text: After the war, Doss turned down many requests for books and film versions of his actions, because he was wary of whether his life, wartime experiences, and Seventh-day Adventist beliefs would be portrayed inaccurately or sensationally. Doss' only child, Desmond Doss Jr., stated: "The reason he declined is that none of them adhered to his one requirement: that it be accurate. And I find it remarkable, the level of accuracy in adhering to the principle of the story in this movie."[43] Producer David Permut stated that the filmmakers took great care in maintaining the integrity of the story, since Doss was very religious.[3]

text: However, the filmmakers did change some details, notably the backstory about his father, the incident with the gun Doss took out of his alcoholic father's hands, and the circumstances of his first marriage.[43][44] The film also omits his prior combat service in the Battle of Guam and Battle of Leyte (Doss was awarded the Bronze Star Medal for extraordinary bravery in both battles),[45] and leaves the impression that Doss' actions at Okinawa took place over a period of a few days, though his Medal of Honor citation covered his actions over a period of about three weeks.[43]

text: Music[edit]

text: The film's accompanying score was provided by Rupert Gregson-Williams and was recorded at Abbey Road Studios in London, with an orchestra of 70 musicians, and a 36-voice choir.[46]

text: Release[edit]

text: The world premiere of Hacksaw Ridge occurred on September 4, 2016,[47] at the 73rd Venice Film Festival, where it received a 10-minute standing ovation.[48] The film was released in Australia on November 3, 2016, by Icon Film Distribution, and in the United States on November 4, 2016, by Lionsgate/Summit Entertainment.[49][50] It was released by Bliss Media in China in November,[51][52] and in the United Kingdom in 2017,[53] with IM Global handling international sales.[21]

text: Marketing[edit]

text: In August 2016, Gibson appeared at Pastor Greg Laurie's SoCal Harvest in Anaheim, California, to promote the film.[54]

text: Reception[edit]

text: Box office[edit]

text: Hacksaw Ridge grossed $67.1 million in the United States and Canada and $108.2 million in other countries for a worldwide total of $175.3 million, against a production budget of $40 million.[5]

text: The film opened alongside Doctor Strange and Trolls, and was projected to gross around $12 million from 2,886 theaters. It was expected to play very well among faith-based, Midwest, and Southern audiences.[55][56] It made $5.2 million on its first day and $15.2 million in its opening weekend, finishing third at the box office. The debut was on par with the $15 million opening of Gibson's last directorial effort, Apocalypto, in 2006.[57] In its second weekend, the film grossed $10.8 million (a drop of just 29.1%), finishing 5th at the box office.

text: The film also opened successfully in China, grossing over $16 million in its first four days at the box office.[58]

text: Critical response[edit]

text: On review aggregator Rotten Tomatoes, the film has an approval rating of 86%, based on 232 reviews, with an average rating of 7.2/10. The site's critical consensus reads, "Hacksaw Ridge uses a real-life pacifist's legacy to lay the groundwork for a gripping wartime tribute to faith, valor, and the courage of remaining true to one's convictions."[59] On Metacritic, which assigns a weighted average to reviews, the film has a score of 71 out of 100, based on reviews from 47 critics, indicating "generally favorable reviews".[60] Audiences polled by CinemaScore gave the film an average grade of "A" on an A+ to F scale.[61]

text: The Milford Daily News called the film a "masterpiece", adding that it "is going to end up on many 2016 Top 10 lists, that should get Oscar nominations for Best Actor, Best Director and Best Picture."[62] Maggie Stancu of Movie Pilot wrote that "Gibson made some of his most genius directing choices in Hacksaw Ridge, and Garfield has given his best performance yet. With amazing performances by Vince Vaughn, Teresa Palmer, Sam Worthington and Hugo Weaving, it is absolutely one of 2016's must-see films."[63] Mick LaSalle of SFGate called the film "a brilliant return for Mel Gibson, which confirms his position as a director with a singular talent for spectacle and a sure way with actors."[64] In The Film Lawyers, Samar Khan called Hacksaw Ridge "fantastic," and emphasised "just how wonderful it is to have Gibson back in a more prominent position in Hollywood, hopefully with the demons of his past behind him. If Hacksaw Ridge is any indication, we are poised for a future filled with great films from the visionary director."[65] The Telegraph awarded the film four stars, and added: "Hacksaw Ridge is a fantastically moving and bruising war film that hits you like a raw topside of beef in the face – a kind of primary-coloured Guernica that flourishes on a big screen with a crowd.”[66]

text: The Guardian also awarded the film four stars, and stated that Gibson had "absolutely hit Hacksaw Ridge out of the park."[67] The Australian's reviewer was equally positive, stating that, as a director, "Gibson’s approach is bold and fearless; this represents his best work to date behind the camera."[68] Rex Reed of Observer rated the film with four stars, and called it "the best war film since Saving Private Ryan... [I]t is violent, harrowing, heartbreaking and unforgettable. And yes, it was directed by Mel Gibson. He deserves a medal, too"[69] Michael Smith of Tulsa World called Hacksaw Ridge a "moving character study" and praised both the direction and acting. He observed: "It’s truly remarkable how Gibson can film scenes of such heartfelt emotion with such sweet subtlety as easily as he stages some of the most vicious, visual scenes of violence that you will ever see. ... Hacksaw Ridge is beautiful and brutal, and that’s a potent combination for a movie about a man determined to serve his country, as well as his soul."[70] IGN critic Alex Welch gave the film a score of 8/10, praising it as "one of the most successful war films of recent memory," and "at times horrifying, inspiring, and heart-wrenching."[71] Mike Ryan of Uproxx gave the film a positive review, praising Gibson's direction and saying, "There are two moments during the second half of Mel Gibson's Hacksaw Ridge when I literally jumped out of my seat in terror. The film's depiction of war is the best I’ve seen since Saving Private Ryan."[72] Peter Travers of Rolling Stone gave the film 3.5 stars, writing, "Thanks to some of the greatest battle scenes ever filmed, Gibson once again shows his staggering gifts as a filmmaker, able to juxtapose savagery with aching tenderness."[73] In contrast, Matt Zoller Seitz for RogerEbert.com gave the film 2.5 stars, and described the film as "a movie at war with itself."[74] Guy Westwell, writing for The Conversation, criticized the depiction of Doss' pacifism as contributing to the jingoism of the film.[75]

text: Accolades[edit]

text: Hacksaw Ridge won Best Film Editing and Best Sound Mixing and was nominated for Best Picture, Best Director, Best Actor for Garfield and Best Sound Editing at the Academy Awards.[76] The film won Best Editing and was nominated for Best Actor in a Leading Role for Garfield, Best Adapted Screenplay, Best Sound and Best Makeup and Hair at the British Academy Film Awards.[77] The film won Best Action Movie and Best Actor in an Action Movie for Garfield and was nominated for Best Picture, Best Director, Best Actor for Garfield, Best Editing and Best Hair and Makeup at the Critics' Choice Awards.[78] The film received three nominations at the Golden Globe Awards, including Best Motion Picture – Drama, Best Actor – Motion Picture Drama for Garfield and Best Director.[9] The film won Best Actor for Garfield, Best Film Editing and Best Sound and was nominated for Best Film, Best Director, Best Adapted Screenplay, Best Cinematography, Best Original Score and Best Art Direction and Production Design at the Satellite Awards.[79]


document_title: List of largest sports contracts

question_text: who has the highest paid contract in sports

text: List of largest sports contracts

text: Largest sports contracts[edit]

text:
Rank

Player

Team/Streaming Service

Sport

Length of contract

Contract value (USD)

Average per year (USD)

Average per game/fight4 (USD)

Ref[1]

01

Canelo Álvarez

DAZN*

Boxing

5 years (2018–2023)

$365,000,000

$73,000,000

$33,181,818.18

[2]

02

Giancarlo Stanton

Miami Marlins*

Baseball

13 years (2014–2027)

$325,000,000

$25,000,000

$154,320.99

[1]

03

Alex Rodriguez1R

New York Yankees*

Baseball

10 years (2008–2017)

$275,000,000

$27,500,000

$169,753.09

[3]

04

Alex Rodriguez2R

Texas Rangers*

Baseball

10 years (2001–2010)

$252,000,000

$25,200,000

$155,555.56

[4]

05

Miguel Cabrera

Detroit Tigers

Baseball

8 years (2016–2023)

$247,000,000

$31,000,000

$191,358.02

[5]

06 (tie)

Robinson Cano

Seattle Mariners

Baseball

10 years (2014–2023)

$240,000,000

$24,000,000

$148,148.15

[6]

06 (tie)

Albert Pujols

Los Angeles Angels

Baseball

10 years (2012–2021)

$240,000,000

$24,000,000

$148,148.15

[7]

08

James Harden

Houston Rockets

Basketball

6 years (2017–2023)

$228,000,000

$38,000,000

$463,414.64

[8]

09

Joey Votto

Cincinnati Reds

Baseball

10 years (2014–2024)

$225,000,000

$22,500,000

$138,888.89

[9]

10

David Price

Boston Red Sox

Baseball

7 years (2016–2022)

$217,000,000

$31,000,000

$191,358.02

[10]

11

Clayton Kershaw

Los Angeles Dodgers

Baseball

7 years (2014–2020)

$215,000,000

$30,714,285

$186,120.37

[11]

12

Prince FielderInjury

Detroit Tigers*

Baseball

9 years (2012–2020)

$214,000,000

$23,777,777

$146,776.40

[12]

13

Max Scherzer

Washington Nationals

Baseball

7 years (2015–2021)

$210,000,000

$30,000,000

$185,185.19

[13]

14

Zack Greinke

Arizona Diamondbacks

Baseball

6 years (2016–2021)

$206,500,000

$34,416,667

$212,448.56

[14]

15

Russell Westbrook 6

Oklahoma City Thunder

Basketball

5 years (2018–2023)

$205,000,000

$41,000,000

$491,000.00

[15]

16

Stephen Curry6

Golden State Warriors

Basketball

5 years (2017–2022)

$201,200,000

$40,200,000

$490,243.90

[16]

17

Derek JeterR

New York Yankees*

Baseball

10 years (2001–2010)

$189,000,000

$18,900,000

$116,666.67

[17]

18 (tie)

Joe Mauer

Minnesota Twins

Baseball

8 years (2011–2018)

$184,000,000

$23,000,000

$141,975.31

[18]

18 (tie)

Jason Heyward

Chicago Cubs

Baseball

8 years (2016–2023)

$184,000,000

$23,000,000

$141,975.31

[19]

20 (tie)

Mark TeixeiraR

New York Yankees*

Baseball

8 years (2009–2016)

$180,000,000

$22,500,000

$138,888.89

[20]

20 (tie)

Justin Verlander

Detroit Tigers*

Baseball

7 years (2013–2019)

$180,000,000

$25,714,286

$158,730.16

[21]

22 (tie)

Félix Hernández

Seattle Mariners

Baseball

7 years (2013–2019)

$175,000,000

$25,000,000

$154,320.99

[22]

22 (tie)

Stephen Strasburg

Washington Nationals

Baseball

7 years (2017–2023)

$175,000,000

$25,000,000

$154,320.99

[23]

24

Blake Griffin6

Los Angeles Clippers*

Basketball

5 years (2017–2022)

$172,260,000

$34,452,000

$420,146.34

[24]

25

Buster Posey

San Francisco Giants

Baseball

9 years (2013–2021)

$167,000,000

$18,555,556

$114,540.47

[25]

26 (tie)

CC Sabathia

New York Yankees

Baseball

7 years (2009–2015)

$161,000,000

$23,000,000

$141,975.31

[26]

26 (tie)

Chris Davis

Baltimore Orioles

Baseball

7 years (2016–2022)

$161,000,000

$23,000,000

$141,975.31

[27]

28 (tie)

Matt Kemp

Los Angeles Dodgers

Baseball

8 years (2012–2019)

$160,000,000

$20,000,000

$123,456.79

[28]

28 (tie)

Manny RamírezR

Boston Red Sox*

Baseball

8 years (2001–2008)

$160,000,000

$20,000,000

$123,456.79

[29]

30

Troy Tulowitzki

Colorado Rockies*

Baseball

10 years (2011–2020)

$157,750,000

$15,775,000

$97,376.54

[30]

31 (tie)

Masahiro Tanaka

New York Yankees

Baseball

7 years (2014–2020)

$155,000,000

$22,141,857

$136,684.30

[31]

31 (tie)

Jon Lester

Chicago Cubs

Baseball

6 years (2015–2020)

$155,000,000

$25,833,333

$159,465.02

[32]

33

Adrián González

Boston Red Sox*

Baseball

7 years (2012–2018)

$154,000,000

$22,000,000

$135,802.67

[33]

34 (tie)

Kimi Räikkönen

Ferrari

Auto racing

3 years (2007–2009)

$153,000,000

$51,000,000

$2,942,307.69

[34]

34 (tie)

Jacoby Ellsbury

New York Yankees

Baseball

7 years (2014–2020)

$153,000,000

$21,857,142

$134,920.64

[35]

36

Mike Conley

Memphis Grizzlies

Basketball

5 years (2016–2020)

$152,605,576

$30,521,115

$372,208.72

[36]

37

Miguel Cabrera

Detroit Tigers

Baseball

8 years (2008–2015)

$152,300,000

$19,037,500

$117,515.43

[37]

38

Todd HeltonR

Colorado Rockies*

Baseball

11 years (2001–2011)

$151,500,000

$13,772,727

$85,016.83

[38]

39

Zack Greinke

Los Angeles Dodgers*

Baseball

6 years (2013–2019)

$147,000,000

$24,500,000

$151,234.57

[39]

40

Gareth Bale

Real Madrid C.F.

Association football

6 years (2013–2019)

$146,280,000

$24,380,000

$406,333.33

[40]

41

Mike Trout

Los Angeles Angels

Baseball

6 years (2015–2020)

$144,500,000

$24,083,333

$148,662.55

[41]

42

Cole Hamels

Philadelphia Phillies*

Baseball

6 years (2013–2018)

$144,000,000

$24,000,000

$148,148.15

[42]

43

Carl CrawfordR

Boston Red Sox*

Baseball

7 years (2011–2017)

$142,000,000

$20,285,714

$125,220.46

[43]

44

Damian Lillard

Portland Trail Blazers

Basketball

5 years (2016–2021)

$139,888,445

$27,977,689

$341,191.33

[44]

45

Andrew Luck

Indianapolis Colts

American football

6 years (2016–2021)

$139,125,000

$23,187,500

$1,449,218.75

[45]

46

DeMar DeRozan

Toronto Raptors

Basketball

5 years (2016–2021)

$139,000,000

$27,800,000

$339,024.39

[46]

47

David Wright

New York Mets

Baseball

8 years (2013–2020)

$138,000,000

$17,250,000

$106,481.48

[47]

48 (tie)

Johan SantanaR

New York Mets*

Baseball

6 years (2008–2013)

$137,500,000

$22,916,667

$141,460.91

[48]

48 (tie)

Jimmy Garoppolo

San Francisco 49ers

American football

5 years (2018–2022)

$137,500,000

$27,500,000

$1,718,750.00

[49]

50

Kobe BryantR

Los Angeles Lakers*

Basketball

7 years (2004–2011)

$136,400,000

$19,485,714

$237,630.66

[50]

51

Alfonso SorianoR

Chicago Cubs*

Baseball

8 years (2007–2014)

$136,000,000

$17,000,000

$104,938.27

[51]

52 (tie)

Freddie Freeman

Atlanta Braves

Baseball

8 years (2014–2021)

$135,000,000

$16,875,000

$104,166.67

[52]

52 (tie)

Matthew Stafford

Detroit Lions

American football

5 years (2018–2022)

$135,000,000

$27,000,000

$1,687,500.00

[53]

54

Justin Upton

Detroit Tigers

Baseball

6 years (2016–2021)

$132,750,000

$22,125,000

$136,574.07

[54]

55

Calvin JohnsonR

Detroit Lions*

American football

8 years (2007–2015)

$132,000,000

$16,500,000

$1,031,250.00

[55]

56 (tie)

Shin-Soo Choo

Texas Rangers

Baseball

7 years (2014–2020)

$130,000,000

$18,571,428

$114,638.45

[56]

56 (tie)

Michael Vick3 R

Atlanta Falcons*

American football

10 years (2005–2014)

$130,000,000

$13,000,000

$812,500.00

[57]

58 (tie)

Johnny Cueto

San Francisco Giants

Baseball

6 years (2016–2021)

$130,000,000

$21,666,667

$133,744.86

[58]

58 (tie)

Anthony Davis

New Orleans Pelicans

Basketball

5 years (2016–2021)

$127,171,313

$25,434,262

$310,173.93

[59]

58 (tie)

Andre Drummond

Detroit Pistons

Basketball

5 years (2016–2021)

$127,171,313

$25,434,262

$310,173.93

[60]

58 (tie)

Bradley Beal

Washington Wizards

Basketball

5 years (2016–2021)

$127,171,313

$25,434,262

$310,173.93

[61]

62

Jay CutlerR

Chicago Bears*

American football

7 years (2014–2020)

$126,700,000

$18,100,000

$1,131,250.00

[62]

63

Jermaine O'NealR

Indiana Pacers*

Basketball

7 years (2003–2010)

$126,558,000

$18,079,714

$220,484.32

[63]

64 (tie)

Kevin GarnettR

Minnesota Timberwolves*

Basketball

6 years (1999–2005)

$126,000,000

$21,000,000

$256,097.56

[64]

64 (tie)

Rashard LewisR

Orlando Magic*

Basketball

6 years (2007–2013)

$126,000,000

$21,000,000

$256,097.56

[65]

64 (tie)

Vernon WellsR

Toronto Blue Jays*

Baseball

7 years (2008–2014)

$126,000,000

$18,000,000

$111,111.11

[66]

64 (tie)

Barry ZitoR

San Francisco Giants*

Baseball

7 years (2007–2013)

$126,000,000

$18,000,000

$111,111.11

[66]

64 (tie)

Jayson WerthR

Washington Nationals*

Baseball

7 years (2011–2017)

$126,000,000

$18,000,000

$111,111.11

[67]

64 (tie)

Colin Kaepernick

San Francisco 49ers*

American football

6 years (2015–2020)

$126,000,000

$21,000,000

$1,312,500.00

[68]

64 (tie)

Jrue Holiday6

New Orleans Pelicans

Basketball

5 years (2017–2022)

$126,000,000

$25,200,000

$307,317.07

[69]

71 (tie)

Ryan Howard

Philadelphia Phillies*

Baseball

5 years (2012–2016)

$125,000,000

$25,000,000

$154,320.99

[70]

71 (tie)

Josh Hamilton

Los Angeles Angels*

Baseball

5 years (2013–2017)

$125,000,000

$25,000,000

$154,320.99

[71]

71 (tie)

Derek Carr

Oakland Raiders

American football

5 years (2018–2022)

$125,000,000

$25,000,000

$1,562,500.00

[72]

74

Carmelo Anthony

New York Knicks*

Basketball

5 years (2014–2019)

$124,064,280

$24,812,856

$302,595.81

[73]

75 (tie)

Michael SchumacherR

Ferrari*

Auto racing

4 years (1996–1999)

$124,000,000

$31,000,000

$1,907,692.30

[74]

75 (tie)

Alexander Ovechkin

Washington Capitals

Hockey

13 years (2008–2021)

$124,000,000

$9,538,461

$116,322.70

[75]

77

Joe Johnson

Atlanta Hawks*

Basketball

6 years (2010–2017)

$123,658,089

$20,609,681

$251,337.58

[76]

78

Chris WebberR

Sacramento Kings*

Basketball

7 years (2001–2007)

$122,718,750

$17,531,250

$213,795.73

[77]

79

Tim DuncanR

San Antonio Spurs*

Basketball

7 years (2003–2010)

$122,007,704

$17,429,672

$212,556.98

[78]

80

Mike HamptonR

Colorado Rockies*

Baseball

8 years (2001–2008)

$121,000,000

$15,125,000

$93,364.20

[38]

81

Joe Flacco

Baltimore Ravens

American football

6 years (2013–2018)

$120,600,000

$20,100,000

$1,256,250.00

[79]

82 (tie)

Jason GiambiR

New York Yankees*

Baseball

7 years (2002–2008)

$120,000,000

$17,142,857

$105,820.10

[80]

82 (tie)

Elvis Andrus

Texas Rangers

Baseball

8 years (2015–2022)

$120,000,000

$15,000,000

$92,592.59

[81]

82 (tie)

Cliff LeeR

Philadelphia Phillies*

Baseball

5 years (2011–2015)

$120,000,000

$24,000,000

$148,148.15

[82]

82 (tie)

Shaquille O'NealR

Los Angeles Lakers*

Basketball

7 years (1996–2003)

$120,000,000

$17,142,857

$209,059.23

[83]

82 (tie)

Matt Holliday

St. Louis Cardinals*

Baseball

7 years (2010–2016)

$120,000,000

$17,142,857

$105,820.10

[84]

82 (tie)

Larry Fitzgerald

Arizona Cardinals

American football

8 years (2011–2018)

$120,000,000

$15,000,000

$937,500.00

[85]

82 (tie)

Nicolas Batum

Charlotte Hornets

Basketball

5 years (2016–2021)

$120,000,000

$24,000,000

$292,682.93

[86]

89

Carson PalmerR

Cincinnati Bengals*

American football

9 years (2006–2014)

$119,750,000‡

$13,305,555

$831,597.19

[87]

90

Carlos BeltránR

New York Mets*

Baseball

7 years (2005–2011)

$119,000,000

$17,000,000

$104,938.27

[88]

91

James Harden

Houston Rockets

Basketball

4 years (2016–2020)

$118,103,446

$29,525,861

$360,071.48

[89]

92

Chris Bosh

Miami Heat

Basketball

5 years (2014–2019)

$118,000,000

$23,600,000

$287,804.88

[90]

93

Ken Griffey, Jr.R

Cincinnati Reds*

Baseball

9 years (2000–2008)

$116,500,000

$12,944,444

$79,903.98

[38]

94 (tie)

Donovan McNabbR

Philadelphia Eagles*

American football

12 years (2002–2013)

$115,000,000‡

$9,583,333

$598,958.31

[91]

94 (tie)

Andy Dalton

Cincinnati Bengals

American football

6 years (2015–2020)

$115,000,000‡

$19,166,667

$1,197,916.67

[92]

96

Von Miller

Denver Broncos

American football

6 years (2016–2021)

$114,500,000

$19,083,333

$1,192,708.33

[93]

97

Ndamukong Suh

Miami Dolphins*

American football

6 years (2015–2020)

$114,000,000

$19,000,000

$1,187,500.00

[94]

98

Al Horford

Boston Celtics

Basketball

4 years (2016–2020)

$113,326,228

$28,331,557

$345,506.79

[95]

99 (tie)

Kevin Love

Cleveland Cavaliers

Basketball

5 years (2015–2020)

$113,211,750

$22,642,350

$276,126.22

[96]

99 (tie)

Marc Gasol

Memphis Grizzlies

Basketball

5 years (2015–2020)

$113,211,750

$22,642,350

$276,126.22

[97]

text:
1 – Rodriguez's 2014 salary was reduced to $2,868,853 due to his season-long suspension related to the Biogenesis baseball scandal[98]
2 – Rodriguez opted out of this contract after the 2007 season
3 – Vick's contract was terminated by the Atlanta Falcons after the 2006 season
4 – Based on regular season games only (excludes any playoff games), also in baseball, starting pitchers usually pitch every five games, resting during the interval between starts
6 – Exact contract figures will be available once the 2017–18 salary cap is set and contracts are officially signed
R – retired
Injury – While still technically under contract, injury has ended his career
* – no longer on team
‡ – entirety of contract salary not guaranteed