document_title: Fastest animals

question_text: which is the fastest running animal in the world

text: Fastest animals

text: Fastest organism[edit]

text: The fastest land animal is the cheetah, which has a recorded speed of 109.4–120.7 km/h (68.0–75.0 mph).[1] The peregrine falcon is the fastest bird and the fastest member of the animal kingdom with a diving speed of 389 km/h (242 mph).[2] The fastest animal in the sea is the black marlin, which has a recorded speed of 129 km/h (80 mph).[3]

text: While comparing between various classes of animals, a different unit is used, body length per second for organisms. The fastest organism on earth, relative to body length, is the South Californian mite Paratarsotomus macropalpis, which has a speed of 322 body lengths per second.[4] The equivalent speed for a human running as fast as this mite would be 1,300 mph (2,092 km/h).[5] This is far in excess of the previous record holder, the Australian tiger beetle, Cicindela eburneola, the fastest insect in the world relative to body size, which has been recorded at 1.86 metres per second (6.7 km/h; 4.2 mph) or 171 body lengths per second.[6] The cheetah, the fastest land mammal, scores at only 16 body lengths per second [4] while Anna's hummingbird has the highest known length-specific velocity attained by any vertebrate.

text:
List of animals by speed

Rank
Animal
Maximum speed
Class
Notes

1
Peregrine falcon
389 km/h (242 mph)[2][7]
Flight
The peregrine falcon is the fastest aerial animal, fastest animal in flight, fastest bird, and the overall fastest member of the animal kingdom. The peregrine achieves its highest velocity not in horizontal level flight, but during its characteristic hunting stoop. While stooping, the peregrine falcon soars to a great height, then dives steeply at speeds of over 200 mph (320 km/h).[2]

2
Golden eagle
240–320 km/h (150–200 mph)
Flight

3
White-throated needletail swift
169 km/h (105 mph)[8][9][10]

4
Eurasian hobby
160 km/h (100 mph)[11]
Flight
Can sometimes outfly the swift

5
Frigatebird
153 km/h (95 mph)[12]
Flight
The frigatebird's high speed is helped by its having the largest wing-area-to-body-weight ratio of any bird.

6
Rock dove (pigeon)
148.9 km/h (92.5 mph)[13]
Flight
Pigeons have been clocked flying 92.5 mph (148.9 km/h) average speed on a 400-mile (640 km) race.

7
Spur-winged goose
142 km/h (88 mph)[14]
Flight

8
Black marlin
129 km/h (80 mph)[3]
Swimming
A hooked black marlin has been recorded stripping line off a fishing reel at 120 feet per second (82 mph; 132 km/h).[3]

9
Gyrfalcon
128 km/h (80 mph)
Flight

10
Grey-headed albatross
127 km/h (79 mph)[15][16][note 1]
Flight

11
Cheetah
109.4–120.7 km/h (68.0–75.0 mph)[a]
Land
Fastest land-animal, fastest feline, the cheetah can accelerate from 0 to 96.6 km/h (60.0 mph) in under three seconds, though endurance is limited.[1]

12
Sailfish
109.19 km/h (67.85 mph)
Flight-swimming

13
Anna's hummingbird
98.27 km/h (61.06 mph)[22]
Flight

14[note 2]
Swordfish
97 km/h (60 mph)[23]
Swimming

15
Pronghorn
7001245833333333333♠88.5 km/h (55.0 mph)[b]
Land

16
Springbok
7001244444444444444♠88 km/h (55 mph)[28][29]
Land

17[note 3]
Blue wildebeest
7001223611111111111♠80.5 km/h (50.0 mph)[c]
Land

18[note 3]
Lion
7001223611111111111♠80.5 km/h (50.0 mph)[33]
Land

19
Blackbuck

7001222222222222222♠80 km/h (50 mph)[28][34]

Land

text: Birds[edit]

text:
Animal
Maximum recorded speed
Notes

Peregrine falcon
389 km/h (242 mph)[2][7]
The peregrine falcon is the fastest bird, and the fastest member of the animal kingdom. When in its hunting dive, the stoop, it soars to a great height, then dives steeply at speeds of over 200 mph (320 km/h). However, it does not hold first place when travelling in level flight.

Golden eagle

240–320 km/h (150–200 mph)

In full stoop, a golden eagle can reach spectacular speeds of up to 240 to 320 kilometers per hour (150 to 200 mph) when diving after prey. Although less agile and maneuverable, the golden eagle is apparently quite the equal and possibly even the superior of the peregrine falcon’s stooping and gliding speeds.

White-throated needletail
169 km/h (105 mph)[8][9][10]
The fastest-flying bird in flapping flight.

Eurasian hobby
160 km/h (100 mph)[11]
It can sometimes even outfly birds such as the swift when hunting.

Frigatebird
153 km/h (95 mph)[12]
The frigatebird's high speed is helped by its having the largest wing-area-to-body-weight ratio of any bird.

Rock dove (pigeon)
148.9 km/h (92.5 mph)[13]
Pigeons have been clocked flying 92.5 mph (148.9 km/h) average speed on a 400-mile (640 km) race.

Spur-winged goose
142 km/h (88 mph)[14]

Red-breasted merganser
129 km/h (80 mph)[35]

Gyrfalcon
128 km/h (80 mph)

Grey-headed albatross
127 km/h (79 mph)[15][16][note 4]

Anna's hummingbird
98.27 km/h (61.06 mph)[22]
The stated speed equals 276 body lengths per second, the highest known length-specific velocity attained by any vertebrate.

Ostrich
96.6 km/h (60 mph)[36]
The ostrich is the tallest and heaviest species of all living birds. Although its bulky body means that flying is out of the question, the ostrich has adapted to life on the ground with impressive agility. Ostriches are superb runners that can sprint at speeds of up to 45 mph (72 km/h)[37] on average, with a peak 60 mph (96.6 km/h) during short periods, with 12 foot strides. This also makes the ostrich the fastest animal on two legs. The ostrich is also an endurance runner and can jog at 30 mph (48 km/h) for as long as half an hour.

text:
Jump up ^ Sustained ground speed for approximately nine hours with no rest on high tailwinds during an Antarctic storm.
Jump up ^ Swordfish and ostrich have approximately equal average recorded speeds.
^ Jump up to: a b The average recorded speeds of both blue wildebeest and lion are approximately equal.
Jump up ^ Sustained ground speed for approximately nine hours with no rest on high tailwinds during an Antarctic storm.

tag: ol

text: Reptiles[edit]

text:
Animal
Maximum recorded speed
Notes

Central bearded dragon
40 km/h (25 mph)[38]
Bearded dragons are not dragons at all, but lizards.

Green Iguana
35 km/h (22 mph)[39]
Green Iguanas are the largest lizards to dwell in trees, and are faster than the fastest snake can move along the ground.

Leatherback sea turtle
35.28 km/h (21.92 mph)[40]
Leatherback turtles have the most hydrodynamic body design of any sea turtle, with a large, teardrop-shaped body.

Black mamba
23 km/h (14 mph)[41]

Komodo dragon
21 km/h (13 mph)[42]
Komodo dragons are also speedy reptiles. They can run briefly up to 13 mph (21 km/h) but prefer to hunt by stealth.[42]

text: Fish[edit]

text:
Animal
Maximum recorded speed
Notes

Black marlin
129 km/h (80 mph)[3]
A hooked black marlin has been recorded stripping line off a fishing reel at 120 feet per second (82 mph; 132 km/h).[3]

Sailfish
109.19 km/h (67.85 mph)[43]
In a series of tests carried out in a fishing cam at Long Key, Florida, United States, sailfish swam and leapt 91 meters (300 feet) in 3 seconds, equivalent to a speed of 109 km/h (68 mph), although this speed includes leaps out of the water, which do not strictly qualify as swimming speed.[44]

Swordfish
97 km/h (60 mph)[23]
The 60 mph (97 km/h) figure listed for the swordfish is based on a corrupted version of calculations made by Sir James Gray to estimate the impact speed necessary for a hypothetical 600-pound (270 kg) swordfish to embed its sword 3 feet in the timbers of ships, as has been known to occur; the figure seems to have entered the literature without question as though someone had actually timed a swordfish at that speed.[45]

Yellowfin tuna
76 km/h (47 mph)[46]
Many tuna species are capable of swimming at fast speeds colloquially cited at around 80 km/h (50 mph). The tails of tuna move fast enough to cause cavitation, which slows them down as vapour accumulates.[47] Tuna have bony fins without nerve endings, which prevents the fish from feeling the pain of cavitation but does not fully protect them from the implosive damage.

Shortfin mako shark
72 km/h (45 mph)[48]
Underwater and unimpeded by a fishing line, the Shortfin Mako has been reliably clocked at 31 miles (50 kilometres) per hour, and there is a claim that one individual of this species achieved a burst speed of 46 miles (74 kilometres) per hour. But it is extremely difficult to get a fish in the wild to swim in a straight line over a measured course. Laboratory measurements of numerous kinds of fishes — representing a wide range of body sizes — swimming against an artificial current have revealed a surprisingly uniform maximum burst speed of about 10 times the body length per second. Thus, for an average-sized, 6.5-foot (2-metre) Shortfin, its theoretical maximum speed might be something on the order of 45 miles (72 kilometres) per hour. Yet some estimates of the top-speed of a Shortfin Mako are considerably higher.[49]

text: Mammals[edit]

text:
Animal
Maximum speed
Notes

Mexican free-tailed bat
(in flight)
7001444444444444444♠160 km/h (99 mph)[50]

Cheetah
109.4–120.7 km/h (68.0–75.0 mph)[d]
The cheetah can accelerate from 0 to 96.6 km/h (60.0 mph) in under three seconds, though endurance is limited: most cheetahs run for only 60 seconds at a time.[1] When sprinting, cheetahs spend more time in the air than on the ground.[51] See Sarah, the fastest cheetah.

Pronghorn
7001245833333333333♠88.5 km/h (55.0 mph)[e]
The pronghorn (American antelope) is the fastest animal over long distances; it can run 56 km/h for 6 km (35 mph for 4 mi), 67 km/h for 1.6 km (42 mph for 1 mi), and 88.5 km/h for 0.8 km (55 mph for 0.5 mi).[1]

Springbok
7001244444444444444♠88 km/h (55 mph)[28][29]
The springbok, an antelope of the gazelle tribe in southern Africa,[29] can make long jumps and sharp turns while running. Unlike pronghorns, springboks are poor long-distance runners.[1]

Wildebeest
7001223611111111111♠80.5 km/h (50.0 mph)[f]
The wildebeest, an antelope, exists as two species: the blue wildebeest and the black wildebeest. Both are extremely fast runners, which allows them to flee from predators.[32] They are better at endurance running than at sprinting.[31]

Lion
80.5 km/h (50.0 mph)[33]
The lion (Panthera leo) It is the second fastest wild cat with a top running speed of 80.5 km/h though it lasts only for very short bursts and can be highly exhausting, hence they have to be close to their prey before starting the attack.[33]

Blackbuck
7001222222222222222♠80 km/h (50 mph)[28][34]
The blackbuck antelope can sustain speeds of 80 km/h (50 mph) for over 1.5 km (0.93 mi) at a time.[34] Each of its strides (i.e., the distance between its hoofprints) is 5.8–6.7 m (19–22 ft).[28]

Hare
7001223520000000000♠80 km/h (50 mph)
Hares can reach maximum speeds of 35 mph (56 km/h)[52] in short distances of approximately 90 meters, and a top speed of 50 mph (80 km/h) for about 20 meters.

Greyhound
7001205555555555555♠74 km/h (46 mph)[g]
Greyhounds are the fastest dogs, and have primarily been bred for coursing game and racing.

Jackrabbit
7001200000000000000♠72 km/h (45 mph)[h]
The jackrabbit's strong hind legs allow it to leap 3 m (9.8 ft) in one bound; some can even reach 6 m (20 ft).[63] Jackrabbits use a combination of leaps and zig-zags to outrun predators.[56]

African wild dog
7001197222222222222♠71 km/h (44 mph)[i]
When hunting, African wild dogs can sprint at 66 km/h (41 mph) in bursts, and they can maintain speeds of 56–60 km/h (35–37 mph) for up to 4.8 km (3 mi).[67][68] Their targeted prey rarely escapes.[65]

Kangaroo
7001197222222222222♠71 km/h (44 mph)[j]
The comfortable hopping speed for a kangaroo is about 21–26 km/h (13–16 mph), but speeds of up to 71 km/h (44 mph) can be attained over short distances, while it can sustain a speed of 40 km/h (25 mph) for nearly 2 km (1.2 mi).[70] The faster a kangaroo hops, the less energy it consumes (up to its cruising speed).[69]

Horse
7001196555555555555♠70.76 km/h (43.97 mph)[71]
The fastest horse speed was achieved by a thoroughbred.

Onager
7001194444444444444♠70 km/h (43 mph)[k]
The onager consists of several subspecies, which most likely share the same ability to run at high speeds.[74]

Thomson's gazelle
7001194444444444444♠70 km/h (43 mph)[l]
Thomson's gazelles, being long-distance runners, can escape cheetahs by sheer endurance.[76] Their speed is partially due to their "stotting", or bounding leaps.[75]

Coyote
7001180555555555555♠65 km/h (40 mph)[m]
Coyotes can easily reach 48 km/h (30 mph), and can sprint at 65 km/h (40 mph) when hunting.[78] Even when lacking a front foot, a coyote can still run at around 32 km/h (20 mph).[77]

Common dolphin
7001180555555555555♠65 km/h (40 mph)[n]
Common dolphins are the fastest marine mammal. When reaching their top speed, they take very short breaths. As an example, fin whales, which are much larger, can empty and refill their lungs in 2 seconds

Zebra
7001177777777777777♠64 km/h (40 mph)[o]
Zebras have a home range anywhere between 11 and 232 sq mi (28 and 601 km2) and they can travel 10 mi (16 km) a day while grazing.[83]

Tiger
7001177777777777777♠64 km/h (40 mph)[p]
They live in jungles, and have been recorded going anywhere from 30 mph (48 km/h) to 40 mph (64 km/h), although only in short bursts.

Hyena
7001166666666666666♠60 km/h (37 mph)[q]
The hyena can run up to 60 km/h (37 mph); some attribute this performance specifically to the spotted hyena.[87] They use their speed to chase their prey, sometimes traveling 15 mi (24 km) in a single chase.

Human
Instantaneous max. 7001132100320000000♠47.56 km/h (29.55 mph)
Avg max over fastest 10 to 20m was 45 kmh/28 mph[88] Compared to other land animals, humans are exceptionally capable of endurance, but exceptionally incapable of great speed.

*Usain Bolt set the 100 m world record at 9.58 seconds. His absolute fastest recorded speeds (between individual strides) during that sprint were 13.2 meters/second (29.55 mph / 47.52 km/h) between strides during the 50m to 70m intervals. Average overall maximum speeds over this 20m section of the race (where max speed is reached during approx. the middle) to 75m were 44–45 km/h (28 mph) before tapering from 75m onwards.[89]

Hicham El Guerrouj set the current men's mile run (5,280 feet/1,609.344 metres) world record of 3:43.13.
Svetlana Masterkova set the current women's mile run (5,280 feet/1,609.344 metres) world record of 4:12.56.[90]

In the absence of significant external factors, non-athletic humans tend to walk at about 1.4 m/s (5.0 km/h; 3.1 mph) and run at about 5.1 m/s (18 km/h; 11 mph).[91][92][93] Although humans are capable of walking at speeds from nearly 0 m/s to upwards of 2.5 m/s (9.0 km/h; 5.6 mph) and running 1 mile (1.6 kilometers) in 6.5 minutes, humans typically choose to use only a small range within these speeds.[94]

African elephant
7000692912000000000♠24.9 km/h (15.5 mph)[95]

text: Invertebrates[edit]

text:
Animal
Maximum recorded speed
Notes

Horsefly
145 km/h (90 mph)[96][unreliable source?]
The pursuit maneuver used by male Hybomitra hinei wrighti, measured by interpolation of slow-motion cinematography.

Members of Loliginidae and Ommastrephidae
36 km/h (22 mph)
Many of these species "fly" out of the water to escape danger. The Japanese flying squid can glide for 3 seconds over 30 metres.

Paratarsotomus macropalpis
~22 cm/s or 800 m/h
(8.7 in/s or 0.51 mph)
0.7 mm long mite endemic to Southern California, tracked running up to 322 body lengths per second, equivalent to a human running at around 2,092 km/h (1,300 mph). It can withstand temperatures of 60 °C (140 °F), which are lethal to many animals.[5][97]

Tiger beetle
6.8 km/h (4.2 mph)[6]
The Australian tiger beetle Cicindela eburneola, is one of the fastest running insects in the world relative to body size, which has been recorded at 6.8 km/h (4.2 mph) or 171 body lengths per second. It can fly at a speed of 27 mph


document_title: List of High Commissioners of India to the United Kingdom

question_text: who is the high commissioner of india in london

root

text: High Commissioners for India (1920-1947)[edit]

tag: p

text:
Name

Portrait

Entered office

Left office

Notes

Sir William Stevenson Meyer GCIE, KCSI [4]

September 1920

October 1922

J. W. Bhore CBE [4]

October 1922

April 1923

(acting)

Sir Dadiba Merwanji Dalal CIE [4]

April 1923

December 1924

First High Commissioner of Indian origin

Sir Atul Chandra Chatterjee KCSI, KCIE [5]

1925

1931

Sir Bhupendra Nath Mitra KCSI, KCIE, CBE [6]

1931

1936

Malik Sir Feroz Khan Noon KCSI, KCIE, Kt. [7]

1936

December 1941

Khan Bahadur Maulvi Sir Muhammad Aziz-ul-Haq CIE [8]

December 1941

May 1943

Dewan Bahadur Sir Samuel Ebenezer Runganadhan [9]

May 1943

April 1947

M. K. Vellodi CIE [10]

April 1947

August 1947

(acting)

tag: table

text: High Commissioners of India to the United Kingdom (1947-present)[edit]

text: Dominion of India (1947-1950)[edit]

text:
Name

Portrait

Entered office

Left office

Notes

V. K. Krishna Menon

August 1947

26 January 1950

text: Republic of India (1950-present)[edit]

text:
Name

Portrait

Entered office

Left office

Notes

V. K. Krishna Menon

26 January 1950

1952

First High Commissioner of the Republic of India (from 26 January 1950)

B. G. Kher

1952

1954

Vijaya Lakshmi Pandit

1954

1961

M. C. Chagla

1962

1963

Jivraj Narayan Mehta

1963

1966

S. S. Dhawan

1968

1969

Appa B. Pant

1969

1972

Braj Kumar Nehru

1973

1977

N. G. Gore

1977

1979

V.A. Seyid Muhammad

1980

1984

P. Mehrotra

July 1984

December 1984

P. C. Alexander

1985

1987

Maharaja Krishna Rasgotra

1988

1990

Kuldip Nayar

March 1990

November 1990

Laxmi Mall Singhvi

1991

1997

Salman Haidar

January 1998

July 1998

Lalit Mansingh

1998

1999

Nareshwar Dayal

2000

2002

Ronen Sen

May 2002

April 2004

Kamalesh Sharma

July 2004

January 2008

Shiv Shankar Mukherjee[12][13]

January 2008

August 2009

Nalin Surie[14]

September 2009

August 2011

Jaimini Bhagwati

February 2012

December 2013

Ranjan Mathai

December 2013

December 2015

Navtej Sarna

January 2016

December 2016

Yashvardhan Kumar Sinha

December 2016