document_title: Happy Death Day

question_text: who is killing teresa in happy death day

text: Happy Death Day

text: Plot[edit]

text: Theresa "Tree" Gelbman wakes up on her birthday on Monday, September 18, 2017 in the dorm room of classmate Carter Davis after a drunken binge the previous evening. Tree goes through the day being self-centered, dismissive, and condescending to her classmates and previous hook-ups, ignoring her father's invitation to a restaurant, throwing away a birthday cupcake given to her by her roommate Lori Spengler, and having an affair with Dr. Gregory Butler, her professor. That night, while going to a party, Tree is lured into a tunnel where she is brutally murdered by a hooded figure wearing a mask of the campus mascot.

text: Tree wakes up the next morning back in Carter's bed with the previous day's events repeating. Unnerved, she relives the day and avoids the tunnel, instead heading to a fraternity house for a surprise party. However, after becoming intimate with her classmate Nick, the masked killer murders him before killing Tree once more. Tree realizes that she is in a time loop and tries to avoid her death by barricading herself in her room. However, she is murdered again when the killer hides in her bedroom.

text: Upon waking up again, she relays her story to Carter, who suggests that she take advantage of the loop in order to figure out who her killer is. She spends the next several iterations trailing suspected classmates and dying each time.

text: After Tree dies from being bludgeoned by a baseball bat, she passes out shortly after waking up. She awakens in the campus hospital where she learns that her body shows evidence of recovery from multiple, massive, traumatic injuries, meaning she has retained damage from her previous murders even after waking up fully healed every time. Tree escapes the hospital room only to be chased by the killer until she manages to flee in Butler's car. While driving, she is pulled over by a police officer and volunteers to be arrested in order to be spared. While held in the officer's squad car, the killer runs over the officer and blows up the squad car by igniting the fuel tank with a candle.

text: Waking up in Carter's bed again, Tree convinces Carter of her predicament by showing that she holds foreknowledge of the day's events. In Corky's, Tree admits to Carter that she does not like who she has become as she is distant from her father in the wake of her mother's death three years ago. Tree catches a local news report on John Tombs, a serial killer who is being held in the hospital on her campus. Concluding that Tombs is her killer, Tree rushes to the hospital to warn of his escape. Tombs breaks free and nearly kills Tree, but Carter follows and rescues her. Tombs snaps Carter's neck before chasing Tree to a nearby bell tower where she manages to subdue him with a crowbar. Realizing that Carter will remain dead if she doesn't restart the loop, Tree hangs herself in the tower.

text: During the next iteration, Tree sets out to be a kinder person by ending her affair with Dr. Butler and meeting with her father to resolve her inner grief. That night, she prepares to stop Tombs. He manages to get the upper hand on her until Tree utilizes a campus-wide blackout that occurs during the loop to disarm him and shoot him to death. Relieved to finally be free, she celebrates her birthday in Carter's room and eats the cupcake given to her by Lori.

text: However, the next morning Tree wakes up again on her birthday. Confused and distraught over the fact that killing Tombs did not stop the time loop, Tree returns to her room where Lori offers the cupcake again. Tree realizes that she had died in her sleep and also notes that this was the only time she had ever eaten the cupcake. Tree realizes that Lori is the true killer; Lori had poisoned the cupcake, but when Tree did not eat it, she utilized her job as a nurse in the hospital to frame Tombs for Tree's murder. Tree tries to coerce Lori to have a bite and when Lori refuses, Tree decides to take it to the police. Lori attacks Tree, locks the door and confesses that she was jealous of her affair with Dr. Butler. Tree manages to stuff the cupcake into Lori's mouth before kicking her out of a window, sending her falling to her death. Tree and Carter muse over the day's events back in the restaurant. He offers her his room for the night, also commenting her situation is a lot like the film Groundhog Day. Tree wakes up the next day believing herself to be in another loop, but it turns out to be a prank by Carter. The two share a kiss.

text: Cast[edit]

text:
Jessica Rothe as Theresa "Tree" Gelbman
Israel Broussard as Carter Davis
Ruby Modine as Lori Spengler
Rachel Matthews as Danielle Bouseman
Charles Aitken as Gregory Butler
Rob Mello as John Tombs
Phi Vu as Ryan Phan
Caleb Spillyards as Tim Bauer
Jason Bayle as David Gelbman
Laura Clifton as Stephanie Butler
Cariella Smith as Becky Shepard
Tran Tran as Emily
Blaine Kern III as Nick Sims
Dane Rhodes as Officer Santora
Tenea Intriago as Student Protestor
Missy Yager as Mrs. Gelbman

text: Production[edit]

text: Pre-production[edit]

text:
"The movie was in pre-production or soft production at the time, and I came on and I loved the concept of the movie. I loved the idea of a girl, trapped in a time loop who has to solve her own murder."

– Director Christopher B. Landon about the concept of the film.[5]

tag: div

text: The film was first announced in July 2007, with Megan Fox attached to star. The film was originally titled Half to Death, produced by Michael Bay and Rogue Pictures, and directed by Antti Jokinen.[6] Christopher B. Landon was hired to rewrite the Scott Lobdell script, and while he liked the reworked script the studio decided to not move on with it. The project was only revived years later, as original producer Angela Mancuso had lunch with Landon and remembered about Half to Death. Landon decided to send the script to Jason Blum of Blumhouse Productions, with whom he had worked in the Paranormal Activity sequels, and he approved it, leading to a green-light by Universal Pictures.[5] Blumhouse announced the project on October 11, 2016, with Landon directing and Jessica Rothe cast in the lead role of the film.[7] On November 8, 2016, it was announced that Ruby Modine, Charles Aitken and Rachel Matthews had joined the cast, alongside Rothe and Israel Broussard.[8] The film got eventually retitled Happy Death Day in June 2017.[9]

text: The mask was constructed by Tony Gardner, the same man who built the "Ghostface" mask from every Scream film, and its design was personal. Landon explains, "During preproduction... I was expecting my first son. I don't know if I just had babies on the brain, or if I was subconsciously scared to become a father, but that baby image was floating around in my head. Tony made us a pig mask, too, but when I wore the baby mask in the office, I scared a co-worker, and we thought... yeah, this is it. This is the one."[10] Scream itself was listed among the influences Christopher Landon took for the film, along with Halloween (1978), Groundhog Day and comedies of the 1980s such as Sixteen Candles and Back to the Future,[11] given he aimed to make a "fun, silly horror movie". He also aimed to emulate the protagonist's personal growth in Groundhog Day to comment on "this age of social media and all the crappy things that kids do to each other."[12]

text: Writing[edit]

text: Writer Scott Lobdell said he wanted to play with the tropes of the slasher genre, as according to him "every slasher film opens up with the mean girl getting killed and the good girl living till the end. And I thought, 'How can I make the mean girl and the good girl the same person?'" [12] In the original draft, Lori and Dr. Butler were the killers together. Landon says, "They were a psycho couple murdering Tree together. That ultimately didn’t work for me. I thought Gregory was a great opportunity to be a suspect. To make him a killer, it didn't help me. That was a change I really wanted to make."[13] Also, in the original draft there was no birthday,[13] and no romance, which Landon added to humanize Tree.[5] Landon decided to shorten the protagonist's name Teresa into Tree, which also conveyed her character arc as "trees need to grow and you see this character go from one person to another".[14]

text: Filming[edit]

text: Filming took place at and around Loyola University in New Orleans, Louisiana,[15] and it lasted 5 weeks.[16] The scenes where Tree awakens in Carter's bed after her death were filmed back to back in a span of two days.[17] The scene after Lori dies was supposed to be at the sorority house, but the filming permit was over before production was able to shoot there, forcing the location to be changed into a Los Angeles diner also featured in another Blumhouse production, Split.[14]

text: Alternate ending[edit]

text: In the original ending of the film, Tree is taken to the hospital after her encounter with Lori. The doctor instructs her to stay away from pain medication for at least a day due to the extent of her injuries. After he leaves, a nurse comes in and tells Tree she is giving Tree something for the pain and Tree informs the nurse of the doctor's orders. The nurse reveals herself to be Dr. Butler's wife Stephanie, who says it is for her pain and then murders Tree in revenge for the affair between her and Dr. Butler.

text: This version was shown in the test screenings for the film, and was received negatively by the audience, forcing the writers to come up with the theatrical ending. Director Christopher Landon also revealed Lori and Dr. Butler were the killers in the rough drafts, which later inspired the idea of the poisoned cupcake.[18]

text: Music[edit]

text:
Happy Death Day (Original Motion Picture Soundtrack)

Soundtrack album by Bear McCreary

Released
October 13, 2017

Genre
Film score

Length
39:57 (Standard album)
44:16 (Bonus track version)

Label
Back Lot Music

text:
Professional ratings

Review scores

Source
Rating

Soundtrack Dreams

text: Bear McCreary is the composer of all tracks.

text:
Standard album[19]

No.
Title
Length

1.
"Day One"
5:26

2.
"Day Two"
6:05

3.
"Day Three"
4:18

4.
"Day Four"
2:17

5.
"Hospital Pursuit"
5:55

6.
"The Bell Tower"
3:30

7.
"Righting Wrongs"
3:40

8.
"Tree Takes Control"
4:30

9.
"The Cupcake"
4:16

Total length:
39:57

text:
Bonus track

No.
Title
Length

10.
"Happy Death Day End Title Credits"
4:19

Total length:
44:16

text: Reception[edit]

text: Box office[edit]

text: Happy Death Day grossed $55.7 million in the United States and Canada, and $67 million in other territories, for a worldwide total of $122.6 million, against a production budget of $4.8 million.[1]

text: In the United States and Canada, Happy Death Day was released alongside Marshall, The Foreigner and Professor Marston and the Wonder Women, and was expected to gross $15–20 million from 3,130 theaters in its opening weekend.[20] It made $1 million from Thursday night previews at 2,450 theaters, similar to fellow Blumhouse release The Visit ($1.05 million in 2015)[21] and $11.6 million on its first day, increasing weekend projections to $26 million. It went on to debut to $26 million, topping the box office, making it the third Blumhouse Productions film of 2017 (after Split and Get Out) to do so.[4] It fell 64% in its second weekend to $9.4 million, finishing in third behind newcomers Boo 2! A Madea Halloween and Geostorm.[22]

text: Critical response[edit]

text: On review aggregator website Rotten Tomatoes, the film has an approval rating of 71% based on 119 reviews, with an average rating of 6/10. The site's critical consensus reads, "Happy Death Day puts a darkly humorous sci-fi spin on slasher conventions, with added edge courtesy of a starmaking performance from Jessica Rothe."[23] On Metacritic, the film has a weighted average score of 57 out of 100, based on 26 critics, indicating "mixed or average reviews".[24] Audiences polled by CinemaScore gave the film an average grade of "B" on an A+ to F scale, while PostTrak reported filmgoers gave it a 52% "definite recommend".[4]

text: Critics noted that although the film makes laudatory attempts at merging genres—including romantic comedy, horror and "campus satire"—the end results were mixed.[3][25] Jamie East from The Sun likened it to a "slasher Mean Girls," while Chris Agar of Screen Rant said that the "fun, if silly, blending of genre tropes...ends up being a double-edged sword."[26][27]

text: Home media[edit]

text: The film was released on digital HD on January 2, 2018 and was released on DVD and Blu-Ray on January 16, 2018. The home release features the original ending.[28]

text: Sequel[edit]

text: Director Christopher B. Landon has talked about the possibility of a sequel, focusing on why Tree went into a time loop.[29] Jessica Rothe stated that while most horror sequels retread the original, Landon's pitch instead "elevates the movie from being a horror movie into a Back to the Future type of genre film where the sequel joins us right from where we left off, it explains a lot of things in the first one that didn’t get explained, and it elevates everything."[30] Filming is scheduled to begin in May 2018.[31]


document_title: List of Indian monarchs

question_text: who was the first king of ancient india

question_tokens: who was the first king of ancient india

root

text: List of Indian monarchs

text: Kuru dynasty (c. 1200 BCE–500 BCE)[edit]

text:
Sudas (c. 14th century BCE), tribal king of the Bhāratas, led to the foundation of the Kuru Kingdom
Pratipa
Shantanu
Chitrāngada
Vichitravirya
Dhritarashtra
Pandu
Yudhishthira
Duryodhana
Parikshit (c. 1000 BCE)
Janamejaya (c. 950 BCE)
Satanika
Aswamedhadatta
Asíma-krishńa
Nichakra
Ushńa
Chitraratha
Vrishńimat
Susheńa
Sunítha
Richa
Nrichakshu
Sukhíhala
Pariplava
Sunaya
Medhávin
Nripanjaya
Mridu
Tigma
Vrihadratha
Vasudána
Śatáníka II
Udayana
Ahínara
Khańd́apáni
Niramitra
Kshemaka

tag: ul

text: Magadha dynasties[edit]

text: Legendary kings[edit]

text: This list includes the legendary kings of Magadha.

tag: p

text:
Dharma

Sunita
Satyajit
Biswajit
Ripunjaya

text: Pradyota dynasty (c. 779 BCE–544 BCE)[edit]

text:
Pradyota Mahasena
Palaka
Visakhayupa
Ajaka
Varttivarddhana

text: Haryanka dynasty (c. 544 BCE–413 BCE)[edit]

text:
Bimbisara (558–491 BCE), founder of the first Magadhan empire
Ajatashatru (491–461 BCE)
Udayin
Anirudha
Munda
Darshaka (from 461 BCE)
Nāgadāsaka (last ruler of the Haryanka dynasty)

text: Shishunaga dynasty (c. 413 BCE–345 BCE)[edit]

text:
Shishunaga (412–395 BCE), king of Magadha
Kakdeddd
Kshemadharman
Kshatraujas
Nandivardhana
Mahanandin (until 345 BCE), his empire was inherited by his illegitimate son Mahapadma Nanda

text: Nanda dynasty (c. 345 BCE–321 BCE)[edit]

text:
Mahapadma Nanda (from 345 BCE), son of Mahanandin, founded the Nanda Empire after inheriting Mahanandin's empire
Pandhukananda
Panghupatinanda
Bhutapalananda
Rashtrapalananada
Govishanakananda
Dashasidkhakananda
Kaivartananda
Karvinatha Nand (Illegitimate son of Mahapadma Nanda)
Dhana Nanda (Agrammes, Xandrammes) (until 321 BCE), lost his empire to Chandragupta Maurya after being defeated by him.

text: Maurya dynasty (c. 321 BCE–185 BCE)[edit]

text:
Chandragupta Maurya (c. 321–298 BCE)
Bindusara Amitraghata (298–273 BCE)
Ashoka (273–232 BCE)
Dasharatha (232–224 BCE)
Samprati (224–215 BCE)
Shalishuka (215–202 BCE)
Devavarman (202–195 BCE)
Shatadhanvan (195–187 BCE), the Mauryan Empire had shrunk by the time of his reign
Brihadratha (187–185 BCE), assassinated by Pushyamitra Shunga

text: Shunga dynasty (c. 185 BCE–73 BCE)[edit]

text:
Pushyamitra Shunga (185–149 BCE), founded the dynasty after assassinating Brihadratha
Agnimitra (149–141 BCE), son and successor of Pushyamitra
Vasujyeshtha (141–131 BCE)
Vasumitra (131–124 BCE)
Andhraka (124–122 BCE)
Pulindaka (122–119 BCE)
Ghosha (119-116 BCE)
Vajramitra (116-110 BCE)
Bhagabhadra (c. 110 BCE), mentioned by the Puranas
Devabhuti (83–73 BCE), the last Shunga king

text: Kanva dynasty (c. 73 BCE–26 BCE)[edit]

text:
Vasudeva (c. 75 BCE–66 BCE)
Bhumimitra (c. 66 – c. 52 BCE)
Narayana (c. 52 – c. 40 BCE)
Susarman (c. 40 – c. 26 BCE)

text: Gupta dynasty (c. 240–550 CE)[edit]

text:
Sri-Gupta I (c. 240–290), founder
Ghatotkacha (290–305)
Chandra Gupta I (305–335)
Samudra Gupta (335–370)
Ramagupta (370–380)
Chandra Gupta II (Chandragupta Vikramaditya) (380-415)
Kumara Gupta I (415–455)
Skanda Gupta (455–467)
Kumara Gupta II (467–477)
Buddha Gupta (477–496)
Chandra Gupta III (496–500)
Vainya Gupta (500–515)
Narasimha Gupta (515–530)
Kumara Gupta III (530–540)
Vishnu Gupta I (c. 540–550)

text: Ancient southern dynasties[edit]

text: Pandyan dynasty (c. 550 BCE–345 CE)[edit]

text: Central Pandyas

text:
Kadunkoen (c. 550–450 BCE)
Pandion (c. 50 BCE – 50 CE), known as Pandion to Greeks and Romans

text: Early Pandyas

text:
Nedunj Cheliyan I (Aariyap Padai Kadantha Nedunj Cheliyan)
Pudappandiyan
Mudukudumi Paruvaludhi
Nedunj Cheliyan II (Pasumpun Pandiyan)
Nan Maran
Nedunj Cheliyan III (Talaiyaalanganathu Seruvendra Nedunj Cheliyan )
Maran Valudi
Musiri Mutriya Cheliyan
Ukkirap Peruvaluthi

text: First Empire

text:
Kadungon (c. 600–700 CE), revived the dynasty
Maravarman Avani Culamani (590–620 CE)
Cezhiyan Cendan (620–640 CE)
Arikesari Maravarman Nindraseer Nedumaaran (640–674 CE)
Kochadaiyan Ranadhiran (675–730 CE)
Arikesari Parankusa Maravarman Rajasinga (730–765 CE)
Parantaka Nedunjadaiyan (765–790 CE)
Rasasingan II (790–800 CE)
Varagunan I (800–830 CE)
Sirmara Srivallabha (830–862 CE)
Varaguna II (862–880 CE)
Parantaka Viranarayana (862–905 CE)
Rajasima Pandian II (905–920 CE)

text: Pandyan Revival

text:
Jatavarman Sundara Pandyan (1251–1268), revived Pandyan glory, considered one of the greatest conquerors of Southern India
Maravarman Sundara Pandyan
Maravarman Kulasekaran I (1268–1308)
Sundara Pandya (1308–1311), son of Maravarman Kulasekaran, fought with his brother Vira Pandya over the throne
Vira Pandya (1308–1311), son of Maravarman Kulasekaran, fought with his brother of Sundara Pandya over the throne, Madurai was conquered by the Khalji dynasty

text: Pandalam Dynasty (c. 1200)

text: Raja Rajasekhara (c. 1200 – 1500), descendant of the Pandya Dynasty, father of Ayyappan (often regarded as a Hindu deity)

text: Chera dynasty (c. 300 BCE–1124 CE)[edit]

text: Note that years are still highly disputed among the scholars, the given is only a version.

text: Ancient Chera kings

text:
Udiyancheralatan
Antuvancheral
Imayavaramban Nedun-Cheralatan (56–115 CE)
Cheran Chenkutuvan (from 115)
Palyanai Sel-Kelu Kuttuvan (115–130)
Poraiyan Kadungo (from 115)
Kalankai-Kanni Narmudi Cheral (115–140)
Vel-Kelu Kuttuvan (130–185)
Selvak-Kadungo (131–155)
Adukotpattu Cheralatan (140–178)
Kuttuvan Irumporai (178–185)
Tagadur Erinda Perumcheral (185–201)
Yanaikat-sey Mantaran Cheral (201–241)
Ilamcheral Irumporai (241–257)
Perumkadungo (257–287)
Ilamkadungo (287–317)
Kanaikal Irumporai (367–397)

tag: ol

text: Kulashekhara dynasty (1020–1314 CE)

text:
Kulashekhara Varman (800–820 CE), also called Kulashekhara Alwar
Rajashekhara Varman (820–844 CE), also called Cheraman Perumal
Sthanu ravi Varman (844–885 CE), contemporary of Aditya Chola
Rama Varma Kulashekhara (885–917 CE)
Goda Ravi Varma (917–944 CE)
Indu Kotha Varma (944–962 CE)
Bhaskara Ravi Varman I (962–1019 CE)
Bhaskara Ravi Varman II (1019–1021 CE)
Vira Kerala (1021–1028 CE)
Rajasimha (1028–1043 CE)
Bhaskara Ravi Varman III (1043–1082 CE)
Rama Varman Kulashekhara (1090–1122 CE), also called Cheraman Perumal
Ravi Varman Kulashekhara (c. 1250 – 1314), last of the Cheras

text: Chola dynasty (c. 300 BCE–1279 CE)[edit]

text: Sangam Cholas

text:
Ilamcetcenni
Karikala Chola
Nedunkilli
Nalankilli
Killivalavan
Perunarkilli
Kocengannan

text: Imperial Cholas (848–1279 CE)

text:
Vijayalaya Chola (848–881)
Aditya (871–907)
Parantaka I (907–955)
Gandaraditya (950–957)
Arinjaya (956–957)
Parantaka Chola II (957–970)
Uttama Chola (973–985)
Rajaraja Chola I (985–1014)
Rajendra Chola I (1014-1018)
Rajadhiraja Chola I (1018–1054)
Rajendra Chola II (1054–1063)
Virarajendra Chola (1063–1070)
Athirajendra Chola (1067–1070)
Vikkrama Chola (1118–1135)
Kulotunga Chola II (1133–1150)
Rajaraja Chola II (1146–1163)
Rajadiraja Chola II (1163–1178)
Kulothunga Chola III (1178–1218)
Rajaraja Chola III (1216–1246)
Rajendra Chola III (1246–1279), last of the Cholas

text: Foreign emperors in north-western India[edit]

text: These empires were vast, centered in Persia or the Mediterranean; their satrapies (provinces) in India were at their outskirts.

text:
The boundaries of the Achaemenid Empire reached the Indus River.
Alexander the Great (326–323 BCE) of the Argead Dynasty defeated Porus in the Battle of the Hydaspes River; his empire was quickly divided amongst the so-called diadochoi.
Seleucus Nicator (323–321 BCE), diadochos general who founded the Seleucid Empire in the eastern part of the Macedonian empire after gaining control following Alexander's death
The Hellenistic Euthydemid Dynasty also reached the north-western frontiers of India (c. 221–85 BCE)
Muhammad bin Qasim (711–715), an Arab general of the Umayyad Caliphate, conquered Sindh, Balochistan and southern Punjab and ruled these lands on behalf of the Umayyad Caliph, Al-Walid ibn Abd al-Malik

text: Satavahana dynasty (c. 271 BCE–220 CE)[edit]

text: The beginning of the Satavahana rule is dated variously from 271 BCE to 30 BCE.[1] Satavahanas dominated the Deccan region from 1st century BCE to 3rd century CE.[2] It lasted till the early 3rd century CE. The following Satavahana kings are historically attested by epigraphic records, although the Puranas name several more kings (see Satavahana dynasty#List of rulers):

text:
Simuka
Kanha (or Krishna)
Satakarni I
Hāla (c. 20–24 CE)
Gautamiputra Satakarni (c. 106–130)
Vashishtiputra Pulumayi (c. 130–158)
Vashishtiputra Satakarni (c. 158–170)
Sri Yajna Satakarni (c. 170–199)

text: Vakataka dynasty (c. 250 – c. 500 CE)[edit]

text:
Vindhyasakti (250–270)
Pravarasena I (270–330)

text: The Pravarapura-Nandivardhana branch[edit]

text:
Rudrasena I (330–355)
Prithvisena I (355–380)
Rudrasena II (380–385)
Divakarasena (385–400)
Prabhavatigupta (fem.), Regent (385–405)
Damodarasena (Pravarasena II) (400–440)
Narendrasena (440–460)
Prithvishena II (460–480)

text: The Vatsagulma branch[edit]

text:
Sarvasena (330–355)
Vindhyasena (Vindhyashakti II) (355–442)
Pravarasena II (400–415)
Unknown (415–450)
Devasena (450–475)
Harishena (475–500)

text: Indo-Scythian rulers (c. 90 BCE – 45 CE)[edit]

text: Northwestern India (c. 90 BCE – 10 CE)[edit]

text:
Maues (c. 85–60 BCE)
Vonones (c. 75–65 BCE)
Spalahores (c. 75–65 BCE)
Spalarises (c. 60–57 BCE)
Azes I (c. 57–35 BCE)
Azilises (c. 57–35 BCE)
Azes II (c. 35–12 BCE)
Zeionises (c. 10 BCE – 10 CE)
Kharahostes (c. 10 BCE – 10 CE)
Hajatria
Liaka Kusuluka, satrap of Chuksa
Kusulaka Patika, satrap of Chuksa and son of Liaka Kusulaka

text: Mathura area (c. 20 BCE – 20 CE)[edit]

text:
Hagamasha (satrap)
Hagana (satrap)
Rajuvula (Great Satrap) (c. 10 CE)
Sodasa, son of Rajuvula

text: Apracharaja rulers (12 BCE – 45 CE)[edit]

text:
Vijayamitra (12 BCE – 15 CE)
Itravasu (c. 20 CE)
Aspavarma (15–45 CE)

text: Minor local rulers[edit]

text:
Bhadrayasha Niggas
Mamvadi
Arsakes

text: Indo-Parthian rulers (c. 21–100 CE)[edit]

text:
Gondophares I (c. 21–50)
Abdagases I (c. 50–65)
Satavastres (c. 60)
Sarpedones (c. 70)
Orthagnes (c. 70)
Ubouzanes (c. 77)
Sases or Gondophares II (c. 85)
Abdagases II (c. 90)
Pakores (c. 100)

text: Western Kshatrapas (c. 35–405 CE)[edit]

text:
Nahapana (119–124 CE)
Chashtana (c. 120)
Rudradaman I (c. 130–150)
Damajadasri I (170–175)
Jivadaman (175, d. 199)
Rudrasimha I (175–188, d. 197)
Isvaradatta (188–191)
Rudrasimha I (restored) (191–197)
Jivadaman (restored) (197–199)
Rudrasena I (200–222)
Samghadaman (222–223)
Damasena (223–232)
Damajadasri II (232–239) with
Viradaman (234–238)
Yasodaman I (239–240)
Yasodaman II (240)
Vijayasena (240–250)
Damajadasri III (251–255)
Rudrasena II (255–277)
Visvasimha (277–282)
Bhartridaman (282–295) with
Visvasena (293–304)
Rudrasimha II (304–348) with
Yasodaman II (317–332)
Rudradaman II (332–348)
Rudrasena III (348–380)
Simhasena (380–?)

text: Kushana dynasty (80–225)[edit]

text:
Vima Takto (c. 80–105), alias Soter Megas or "Great Saviour."
Vima Kadphises (c. 105–127), the first great Kushan emperor
Kanishka I (127–147)
Huvishka (c. 155–187)
Vasudeva I (c. 191–225), the last of the great Kushan emperors
Kanishka II (c. 227–247)
Vāsishka (c. 247–265)
Kanishka III (c. 268)
Vasudeva II (c. 275–300)
Shaka Kushan (300–350)
Gadahara or minor kings

text: Pallava dynasty (275–882)[edit]

text: Early Pallavas (275–355)[edit]

text:
Simha Varman I (King) (275–300 or 315–345)
Skanda Varman I (Queen) (345–355)

text: Middle Pallavas (355–537)[edit]

text:
Visnugopa (350–355)
Kumaravisnu I (355–370)
Skanda Varman II (370–385)
Vira Varman (385–400)
Skanda Varman III (400–438)
Simha Varman II (438–460)
Skanda Varman IV (460–480)
Nandi Varman I (480–500)
Kumaravisnu II (c. 500–510)
Buddha Varman (c. 510–520)
Kumaravisnu III (c. 520–530)
Simha Varman III (c. 530–537)

text: Later Pallavas (537–882)[edit]

text:
Simha Vishnu (537–570)
Mahendra Varman I (571–630)
Narasimha Varman I (Mamalla) (630–668)
Mahendra Varman II (668–672)
Paramesvara Varman I (672–700)
Narasimha Varman II (Raja Simha) (700–728)
Paramesvara Varman II (705–710)
Nandi Varman II (Pallavamalla) (732–796)
Thandi Varman (775–825)
Nandi Varman III (825–869)
Nirupathungan (869–882)
Aparajitha Varman (882–901)

text: Kadambas of Chandravalli at Chitradurga (345–525 CE)[edit]

text:
Mayurasharma (Varma) (345–365)
Kangavarma (365–390)
Bagitarha (390–415)
Raghu (415–435)
Kakusthavarma (435–455)
Santivarma (455–460)
Mrigeshavarma (460–480)
Shivamandhativarma (480–485)
Ravivarma (485–519)
Harivarma (519–525)
Kadambas of Goa( till-1345)
Kadambas of Hangal (till-1347)

text: Western Ganga dynasty of Talakad (350–1024 CE)[edit]

text:
Konganivarma Madhava (350–370)
Madhava II (370–390)
Harivarman (390–410)
Vishnugopa (410–430)
Tadangala Madhava (430–466)
Avinita (466–495)
Durvinita (495–535)
Mushkara (535–585)
Srivikrama (585–635)
Bhuvikarma (635–679)
Shivamara I (679–725)
Sripurusha (725–788)
Shivamara II (788–816)
Rajamalla I (817–853)
Nitimarga Ereganga (853–869)
Rajamalla II (870–907)
Ereyappa Nitimarga II (907–919)
Narasimhadeva (919–925)
Rajamalla III (925–935)
Butuga II (935–960)
Takkolam in (949)
Maruladeva (960–963)
Marasimha III (963–974)
Rajamalla IV (974–985)
Rakkasa Ganga (985–1024)

text: Maitrakas of Vallabhi (470–776 CE)[edit]

text:
Bhatarka (c. 470–c. 492)
Dharasena I (c. 493–c. 499)
Dronasinha (also known as Maharaja) (c. 500–c. 520)
Dhruvasena I (c. 520–c. 550)
Dharapatta (c. 550–c. 556)
Guhasena (c. 556–c. 570)
Dharasena II (c. 570–c. 595)
Siladitya I (also known as Dharmaditya) (c. 595–c. 615)
Kharagraha I (c. 615–c. 626)
Dharasena III (c. 626–c. 640)
Dhruvasena II (also known as Baladitya) (c. 640–c. 644)
Chkravarti king Dharasena IV (also known as Param Bhatarka, Maharajadhiraja, Parameshwara) (c. 644–c. 651)
Dhruvasena III (c. 651–c. 656)
Kharagraha II (c. 656–c. 662)
Siladitya II (c. 662–?)
Siladitya III
Siladitya IV
Siladitya V
Siladitya VI
Siladitya VII (c. 766–c. 776)[3]

text: Chahamanas of Shakambhari (6th century –12th century)[edit]

text: Chahamana Dynasty (6th century - 12th century)[edit]

text: The Chahamanas of Shakambhari , colloquially known as the Chauhans of Sambhar (Sambhar Lake Town), were an Indian dynasty that ruled parts of the present-day Rajasthan and its neighbouring areas between 6th to 12th centuries. The territory ruled by them was known as Sapadalaksha. They were the most prominent ruling family of the Chahamana (Chauhan) clan, and were categorized among Agnivanshi Rajputs (Agnivansha) in the later medieval legends.

text:
Vasu-deva (c. 6th century CE)
Samanta-raja (c. 684-709 CE)
Nara-deva (c. 709-721 CE)
Ajaya-raja I (c. 721-734 CE), alias Jayaraja or Ajayapala
Vigraha-raja I (c. 734-759 CE)
Chandra-raja I (c. 759-771 CE)
Gopendra-raja (c. 771-784 CE)
Durlabha-raja I (c. 784-809 CE)
Govinda-raja I (c. 809-836 CE), alias Guvaka I
Chandra-raja II (c. 836-863 CE)
Govindaraja II (c. 863-890 CE), alias Guvaka II
Chandana-raja (c. 890-917 CE)
Vakpati-raja (c. 917-944 CE); his younger son established the Naddula Chahamana branch
Simha-raja (c. 944-971 CE)
Vigraha-raja II (c. 971-998 CE)
Durlabha-raja II (c. 998-1012 CE)
Govinda-raja III (c. 1012-1026 CE)
Vakpati-raja II (c. 1026-1040 CE)
Viryarama (c. 1040 CE)
Chamunda-raja (c. 1040-1065 CE)
Durlabha-raja III (c. 1065-1070 CE), alias Duśala
Vigraha-raja III (c. 1070-1090 CE), alias Visala
Prithvi-raja I (c. 1090-1110 CE)
Ajaya-raja II (c. 1110-1135 CE), moved the capital to Ajayameru (Ajmer)
Arno-raja (c. 1135-1150 CE), alias Ana
Jagad-deva (c. 1150 CE)
Vigraha-raja IV (c. 1150-1164 CE), alias Visaladeva
Apara-gangeya (c. 1164-1165 CE)
Prithvi-raja II (c. 1165-1169 CE)
Someshvara (c. 1169-1178 CE)
Prithvi-raja III (c. 1178-1192 CE), better known as Prithviraj Chauhan
Govinda-raja IV (c. 1192 CE); banished by Hari-raja for accepting Muslim suzerainty; established the Chahamana branch of Ranastambhapura
Hari-raja (c. 1193-1194 CE)

text: Chalukya dynasty (543–1156)[edit]

text: Chalukyas of Badami (543–757)[edit]

text:
Pulakeshin I (543–566)
Kirtivarman I (566–597)
Mangalesha (597–609)
Pulakeshin II (609–642)
Vikramaditya I (655–680)
Vinayaditya (680–696)
Vijayaditya (696–733)
Vikramaditya II (733–746)
Kirtivarman II (746–757)

text: Chalukyas of Kalyani (973–1156)[edit]

text:
Tailapa alias Ahavamalla (973–997)
Satyashraya (997–1008)
Vikramaditya V (1008–1014)
Ayyana (1014–1015)
Jayasimha II (1015–1042)
Someshvara I (1042–1068)
Someshvara II (1068–1076)
Vikramaditya VI (1076–1127)
Someshvara III (1127–1138)
Jagadekamalla (1138–1151)
Tailapa (1151–1156)
Someshvara IV (1183–1189)

text: Shashanka dynasty (600–626)[edit]

text:
Shashanka (600–625), first recorded independent king of Bengal, created the first unified political entity in Bengal
Manava (625–626), ruled for 8 months before being conquered by Harshavardana and Bhaskarvarmana

text: Harsha dynasty (606–647)[edit]

text: Harsha Vardhana (606–647), unified Northern India and ruled it for over 40 years, he was the last non-Muslim emperor to rule a unified Northern India

text: Gurjara-Pratihara dynasty (650–1036 CE)[edit]

text:
Dadda I-II-III (650–750)
Nagabhata I (750–780)
Vatsaraja (780–800)
Nagabhata II (800–833)
Ramabhadra (833–836)
Mihira Bhoja (836–890)
Mahendrapala I (890–910)
Bhoj II (910–913)
Mahipala I (913–944)
Mahendrapala II (944–948)
Devpala (948–954)
Vinaykpala (954–955)
Mahipala II (955–956)
Vijaypala II (956–960)
Rajapala (960–1018)
Trilochanpala (1018–1027)
Jasapala (Yashpala) (1024–1036)

text: Rashtrakutas of Manyaketha (735–982)[edit]

text:
Dantidurga (735–756)
Krishna I (756–774)
Govinda II (774–780)
Dhruva Dharavarsha (780–793)
Govinda III (793–814)
Amoghavarsha I (814–878)
Krishna II Akalavarsha (878–914)
Indra III (914–929)
Amoghavarsha II (929–930)
Govinda IV (930–935)
Amoghavarsha III (934–939)
Krishna III (939–967)
Khottiga Amoghavarsha (967–972)
Karka II Amoghhavarsha IV (972–973)
Indra IV (973–982), only a claimer for the lost throne

text: Pala dynasty (c. 750–1174)[edit]

text: Most of the Pala inscriptions mention only the regnal year as the date of issue, without any well-known calendar era. Because of this, the chronology of the Pala kings is hard to determine.[4] Based on their different interpretations of the various epigraphs and historical records, different historians estimate the Pala chronology as follows:[5]

text:
RC Majumdar (1971)[6]
AM Chowdhury (1967)[7]
BP Sinha (1977)[8]
DC Sircar (1975–76)[9]
D. K. Ganguly (1994)[4]

Gopala I
750–770
756–781
755–783
750–775
750–774

Dharmapala
770–810
781–821
783–820
775–812
774–806

Devapala
810–c. 850
821–861
820–860
812–850
806–845

Mahendrapala
NA (Mahendrapala's existence was conclusively established through a copper-plate charter discovered later.)
845–860

Shurapala I
850–853
861–866
860–865
850–858
860–872

Vigrahapala I
858–60
872–873

Narayanapala
854–908
866–920
865–920
860–917
873–927

Rajyapala
908–940
920–952
920–952
917–952
927–959

Gopala II
940–957
952–969
952–967
952–972
959–976

Vigrahapala II
960–c. 986
969–995
967–980
972–977
976–977

Mahipala I
988–c. 1036
995–1043
980–1035
977–1027
977–1027

Nayapala
1038–1053
1043–1058
1035–1050
1027–1043
1027–1043

Vigrahapala III
1054–1072
1058–1075
1050–1076
1043–1070
1043–1070

Mahipala II
1072–1075
1075–1080
1076–1078/9
1070–1071
1070–1071

Shurapala
1075–1077
1080–1082
1071–1072
1071–1072

Ramapala
1077–1130
1082–1124
1078/9–1132
1072–1126
1072–1126

Kumarapala
1130–1125
1124–1129
1132–1136
1126–1128
1126–1128

Gopala III
1140–1144
1129–1143
1136–1144
1128–1143
1128–1143

Madanapala
1144–1162
1143–1162
1144–1161/62
1143–1161
1143–1161

Govindapala
1155–1159
NA
1162–1176 or 1158–1162
1161–1165
1161–1165

Palapala
NA
NA
NA
1165–1199
1165–1200

tag: table

text:
Earlier historians believed that Vigrahapala I and Shurapala I were the two names of the same person. Now, it is known that these two were cousins; they either ruled simultaneously (perhaps over different territories) or in rapid succession.
AM Chowdhury rejects Govindapala and his successor Palapala as the members of the imperial Pala dynasty.
According to BP Sinha, the Gaya inscription can be read as either the "14th year of Govindapala's reign" or "14th year after Govindapala's reign". Thus, two sets of dates are possible.

text: Paramara dynasty of Malwa (9th century to c. 1305)[edit]

text: The Paramara rulers mentioned in the various inscriptions and literary sources include:[10]

text:
Upendra, 9th century
Vairisimha (I), 9th century (considered fictional by some historians)
Siyaka (I), 9th century (considered fictional by some historians)
Vakpati (I), 9th–10th century
Vairisimha (II), 10th century
Siyaka (II), 948–972
Vakpati (II) alias Munja, 972–990s
Sindhuraja, 990s–1010
Bhoja, 1010–1055
Jayasimha I, 1055–1070
Udayaditya, 1070–1086
Lakshmadeva, 1086–1094
Naravarman, 1094–1130
Yashovarman, 1133–1142
Jayavarman I, 1142–1143
Interregnum under an usurper named Ballala and later the Solanki king Kumarapala, 1144–1174
Vindhyavarman, 1175–1194
Subhatavarman, 1194–1209
Arjunavarman I, 1210–1215
Devapala, 1218–1239
Jaitugideva, 1239–1255
Jayavarman II, 1255–1274
Arjunavarman II, 13th century
Bhoja II, 13th century
Mahlakadeva, died 1305

text: Seuna Yadavas of Devagiri (850–1334 CE)[edit]

text:
Dridhaprahara
Seunachandra (850–874)
Dhadiyappa (874–900)
Bhillama I (900–925)
Vadugi (Vaddiga) (950–974)
Dhadiyappa II (974–975)
Bhillama II (975–1005)
Vesugi I (1005–1020)
Bhillama III (1020–1055)
Vesugi II (1055–1068)
Bhillama III (1068)
Seunachandra II (1068–1085)
Airamadeva (1085–1115)
Singhana I (1115–1145)
Mallugi I (1145–1150)
Amaragangeyya (1150–1160)
Govindaraja (1160)
Amara Mallugi II (1160–1165)
Kaliya Ballala (1165–1173)
Bhillama V (1173–1192), proclaimed independence from Kalyani Chalukya
Jaitugi I (1192–1200)
Singhana II (1200–1247)
Kannara (1247–1261)
Mahadeva (1261–1271)
Amana (1271)
Ramachandra (1271–1312)
Singhana III (1312–1313)
Harapaladeva (1313–1318)
Mallugi III (1318–1334)

text: Brahmin Shahi dynasty (c. 890–964)[edit]

text:
Lalliya (c. 890–895)
Kamaluka (895–921)
Bhima (921–964), son of Kamaluka

text: Shahi dynasty (964–1026 CE)[edit]

text:
Jayapala (964–1001)
Anandapala (1001–1011)
Trilochanpala (1011–1022)
Bhímapála (1022–1026)

text: Hoysala dynasty (1000–1346)[edit]

text:
Nripa Kama (1000–1045)
Vinayaditya I (1045–1098)
Ereyanga (1098–1100)
Ballala (1100–1108)
Vishnuvardhana (1108–1142)
Narasimha I (1142–1173), proclaimed independence from Kalyani Chalukya
Ballala II (1173–1220)
Narasimha II (1220–1235)
Vira Someshwara (1235–1253)
Narasimha III and Ramanatha (1253–1295)
Ballala III (1295–1342)

text: Sena dynasty rule over Bengal (1070–1230 CE)[edit]

text:
Hemanta Sen (1070–1096)
Vijay Sen (1096–1159)
Ballal Sen (1159–1179)
Lakshman Sen (1179–1206)
Vishwarup Sen (1206–1225)
Keshab Sen (1225–1230)

text: Eastern Ganga dynasty (1078–1434)[edit]

text:
Anantavarman Chodaganga (1078–1147)
Ananga Bhima Deva II (1170–1198)
Anangabhima Deva III (1211–1238)
Narasimha Deva I (1238–1264)
Bhanu Deva I (1264–1279)
Narasimha Deva II (1279–1306)
Bhanu Deva II (1306–1328)
Narasimha Deva III (1328–1352)
Bhanu Deva III (1352–1378)
Narasimha Deva IV (1378–1414)
Bhanu Deva IV (1414–1434)

text: Kakatiya dynasty (1083–1323 CE)[edit]

text:
Beta I (1000–1030)
Prola I (1030–1075)
Beta II (1075–1110)
Prola II (1110–1158)
Prataparudra I/Rudradeva I (1158–1195)
Mahadeva (1195–1198). Brother of King Rudradeva
Ganapathi deva (1199–1261)
Rudrama devi (1262–1296)
Prataparudra II/ Rudradeva II (1296–1323). Grandson of Queen Rudrama

text: Kalachuris of Kalyani (Southern) dynasty (1130–1184)[edit]

text:
Bijjala II (1130–1167), proclaimed independence from Kalyani Chalukyas in 1162 CE
Sovideva (1168–1176)
Mallugi → overthrown by his brother Sankama
Sankama (1176–1180)
Ahavamalla (1180–83)
Singhana (1183–84)

text: Chutiya dynasty ruled over eastern Assam (1187–1524)[edit]

text:
Birpal (1187–1224)
Ratnadhwajpal (1224–1250)
Vijayadhwajpal (1250–1278)
Vikramadhwajpal (1278–1302)
Gauradhwajpal (1302–1322)
Sankhadhwajpal (1322–1343)
Mayuradhwajpal (1343–1361)
Jayadhwajpal (1361–1383)
Karmadhwajpal (1383–1401)
Satyanarayan (1401–1421)
Laksminarayan (1421–1439)
Dharmanarayan (1439–1458)
Pratyashnarayan (1458–1480)
Purnadhabnarayan (1480–1502)
Dharmadhajpal (1502–1522)
Nitypal (1522–1524)

text: Bana dynasty rule over Magadaimandalam (c. 1190–1260 CE)[edit]

text: Kadava dynasty (c. 1216–1279 CE)[edit]

text:
Kopperunchinga I (c. 1216 – 1242)
Kopperunchinga II (c. 1243 – 1279)

text: Delhi Sultanate (1206–1526)[edit]

text: Mamluk dynasty of Delhi (1206–1290)[edit]

text:
Qutb-ud-din Aybak (1206–1210)
Aram Shah (1210–1211)
Shams-ud-din Iltutmish (1211–1236)
Rukn-ud-din Firuz (1236)
Raziyyat ud din Sultana (1236–1240)
Muiz-ud-din Bahram (1240–1242)
Ala-ud-din Masud (1242–1246)
Nasir-ud-din Mahmud (1246–1266)
Ghiyas-ud-din Balban (1266–1286)
Muiz-ud-din Qaiqabad (1286–1290)
Shamsuddin Kayumars(1290)

text: Khalji dynasty (1290–1320)[edit]

text:
Jalal ud din Firuz Khalji (1290–1296), founder of the Khalji dynasty, defeated some invading Mongol armies
Alauddin Khalji (1296–1316), considered the greatest of the Delhi Sultans, unified India and defeated a number of invading Mongol armies
Qutb ud din Mubarak Shah (1316–1320). The Delhi Sultanate had shunt during his
Khusro Khan (1320)

text: Tughlaq dynasty (1321–1414)[edit]

text:
Ghiyasu-Din Tughluq (1321–1325)
Muhammad bin Tughluq (1325–1351)
Firuz Shah Tughlaq (1351–1388)
Ghiyas-ud-Din Tughluq II (1388–1389)
Abu Bakr Shah (1389–1390)
Nasir ud din Muhammad Shah III (1390–1394)
Mahmud Nasir ud-Din (Sultan Mahmud) at Delhi (1394–1413)
Nusrat Shah at Firozabad

text: Invasion of Timur in 1398 and the end of the Tughluq Dynasty as known earlier.

text: Sayyid dynasty (1414–1451)[edit]

text:
Khizr (1414–1421)
Mubarik II (1421–1434)
Muhamed IV (1434–1445)
Alem I (1445–1451)

text: Lodi dynasty (1451–1526)[edit]

text:
Bahlol Khan Lodi (1451–1489)
Sikandar Lodi (1489–1517)
Ibrahim Lodi (1517–1526), defeated by Babur (who replaced the Delhi Sultanate with the Mughal Empire)

text: Bahmani Sultanate (1347–1527)[edit]

text:
Ala ud din Bahman Shah (1347–1358), established his capital at Gulbarga
Muhammad Shah I (1358–1375)
Ala ud din Mujahid Shah (1375–1378)
Daud Shah I (1378)
Muhammad Shah II (1378–1397)
Ghiyas ud din Tahmatan Shah (1397)
Shams ud din Daud Shah II (1397)
Taj ud din Feroz Shah (1397–1422)
Shahab ud din Ahmad Shah I (1422–1435), established his capital at Bidar
Ala ud din Ahmad Shah II (1436–1458)
Ala ud din Humayun Shah (1458–1461)
Nizam ud din Ahmad Shah III (1461–1463)
Shams ud din Muhammad Shah III (1463–1482)
Mahmud Shah (1482–1518)
Ahmad Shah IV (1518–1521)
Ala ud din Shah (1521–1522)
Waliullah Shah (1522–1524)
Kalimullah Shah (1524–1527)

text: Malwa Sultanate (1392–1562)[edit]

text: Ghoris (1390–1436)[edit]

text:
Dilavar Khan Husain (1390–1405)
Alp Khan Hushang (1405–1435)
Ghazni Khan Muhamnmad (1435–1436)
Mas'ud Khan (1436)

text: Khaljis (1436–1535)[edit]

text:
Mahmud Shah I (1436–1469)
Ghiyath Shah (1469–1500)
Nasr Shah (1500–1511)
Mahmud Shah II (1511–1530)

text: Under Gujarat (1530–1534)

text: Amit parsagandites (1534–1535)

text: Qadirid (1535–1555)[edit]

text: Qadir Shah (1535–1542)

text: Under the Mughal Empire (1542–1555)

text: Shaja'atid (1555–1562)[edit]

text:
Shaja'at Khan (1555)
Miyan Bayezid Baz Bahadur (1555–1562)

text: Ahom dynasty ruled over Assam (1228–1826)[edit]

text:
Sukaphaa (1228–1268)
Sutephaa (1268–1281)
Subinphaa (1281–1293)
Sukhaangphaa (1293–1332)
Sukhrampha (1332–1364)
Interregnum (1364–1369)
Sutuphaa (1369–1376)
Interregnum (1376–1380)
Tyao Khamti (1380–1389)
Interregnum (1389–1397)
Sudangphaa (1397–1407)
Sujangphaa (1407–1422)
Suphakphaa (1422–1439)
Susenphaa (1439–1488)
Suhenphaa (1488–1493)
Supimphaa (1493–1497)
Swarganarayan (1497–1539)
Suklenmung (1539–1552)
Sukhaamphaa (1552–1603)
Pratap Singha (1603–1641)
Jayaditya Singha (1641–1644)
Sutingphaa (1644–1648)
Jayadhwaj Singha (1648–1663)
Chakradhwaj Singha (1663–1670)
Udayaaditya Singha (1670–1672)
Ramadhwaj Singha (1672–1674)
Suhunga (1674–1675)
Gobar (1675–1675)
Sujinphaa (1675–1677)
Sudoiphaa (1677–1679)
Ratnadhwaj Singha (1679–1681)
Gadadhar Singha (1681–1696)
Rudra Singha (1696–1714)
Siba Singha (1714–1744)
Pramatta Singha (1744–1751)
Rajeswar Singha (1751–1769)
Lakshmi Singha (1769–1780)
Gaurinath Singha (1780–1795)
Kamaleswar Singha (1795–1811)
Chandrakanta Singha (1811–1818)
Purandar Singha (1818–1819)
Chandrakanta Singha (1819–1821)
Jogeshwar Singha (1821–1822)
Purandar Singha (1833–1838)

text: Musunuri Nayaks (1323 - 1368)[edit]

text: There were at least two Musunuri Nayak rulers:

text:
Musunuri Prolaya Nayudu (1323-1333)
Musunuri Kapaya Nayak (1333-1368)

text: Reddy dynasty (1325–1448 CE)[edit]

text:
Prolaya Vema Reddy (1325–1335)
Anavota Reddy (1335–1364)
Anavema Reddy (1364–1386)
Kumaragiri Reddy (1386–1402)
Kataya Vema Reddy (1395–1414)
Allada Reddy (1414–1423)
Veerabhadra Reddy (1423–1448)

text: Vijayanagara Empire (1336–1646)[edit]

text: Sangama dynasty (1336–1487)[edit]

text:
Harihara I (Deva Raya) 1336–1343
Bukka I (1343–1379)
Harihara II (1379–1399)
Bukka II (1399–1406)
Deva Raya I (1406–1412)
Vira Vijaya (1412–1419)
Deva Raya II (1419–1444)
(Not known) (1444–1449)
Mallikarjuna (1452–1465)
Rajasekhara (1468–1469)
Virupaksha I (1470–1471)
Praudha Deva Raya (1476–?)
Rajasekhara (1479–1480)
Virupaksha II (1483–1484)
Rajasekhara (1486–1487)

text: Saluva dynasty (1490–1567)[edit]

text:
Narasimha (1490–1503)
Narasa (Vira Narasimha) (1503–1509)
Achyuta (1530–1542)
Sadasiva (1542–1567)

text: Tuluva dynasty (1491–1570)[edit]

text:
Tuluva Narasa Nayaka(1491–1503)
Viranarasimha Raya (1503–1509)
Krishnadevaraya (1509–1529)
Achyuta Deva Raya (1529–1542)
Venkata I (1542)
Sadasiva raya (1543–1576)

text: ARAVEETI DYNASTY (1565–1680)

text:
Aliya Rama raya (1542–1565) - unofficial ruler
Tirumala raya (1570–1572)
Ranga raya I (1572–1585)
Venkatapathi raya II (1586–1614)
Ranga raya II (1614)
Venkatapathi raya III (1630–1642)
Ranga raya III (1642)

text: Pemmasani Kamma dynasty (1350- 1652)[edit]

text: Pemmasani Kings are longest ruled Telugu dynasty.

text:
Pemmasani Timmanayudu (1350-1392)
Pemmasani Ramalinga Nayudu (1509-1529)
Pemmasani Chinna Timma Naidu (1646-1652)

text: Wodeyar dynasty (first rule, 1371–1761)[edit]

text:
Yaduraya Wodeyar or Raja Vijaya Raj Wodeyar (1371–1423)
Hiriya Bettada Chamaraja Wodeyar I (1423–1459)
Thimmaraja Wodeyar I (1459–1478)
Hiriya Chamaraja Wodeyar II (1478–1513)
Hiriya bettada Chamaraja Wodeyar III (1513–1553)
Thimmaraja Wodeyar II (1553–1572)
Bola Chamaraja Wodeyar IV (1572–1576)
Bettada Devaraja Wodeyar (1576–1578)
Raja Wodeyar I (1578–1617)
Chamaraja Wodeyar V (1617–1637)
Raja Wodeyar II (1637–1638)
(Ranadhira) Kantheerava Narasaraja Wodeyar I (1638–1659)
Dodda Devaraja Wodeyar (1659–1673)
Chikka Devaraja Wodeyar (1673–1704)
Kantheerava Narasaraja Wodeyar II (1704–1714)
Dodda Krishnaraja Wodeyar I (1714–1732)
Chamaraja Wodeyar VI (1732–1734)
(Immadi) Krishnaraja Wodeyar II (1734–1766), ruled under Hyder Ali from 1761
Nanajaraja Wodeyar (1766–1772), ruled under Hyder Ali
Bettada Chamaraja Wodeyar VII (1772–1776), ruled under Hyder Ali
Khasa Chamaraja Wodeyar VIII (1776–1796), ruled under Hyder Ali until 1782, then under Tipu Sultan until his deposition in 1796

text: The reign of the Kings of Mysore (Wodeyar line) was interrupted from 1761 to 1799.

text: Hyder Ali's dynasty of Mysore (1761–1799)[edit]

text:
Hyder Ali (1761–1782), Muslim commander deposing the Hindu Maharaja, fought the British and Nizams of Hyderabad in the first of 4 Anglo-Mysore Wars
Tipu Sultan (Tiger of Mysore) (1782–1799), son of Hyder Ali, considered the greatest ruler of Mysore, assumed the novel style Badhshah Bahadur of Khudadad (thus claiming the paramountcy of India instead of the Mughal 'mere' Badhshah), fought the British, Marathas and Nizams of Hyderabad in the 3 Anglo-Mysore Wars (where iron rockets) were first used, allied to the French, and lost everything

text: Wodeyar dynasty (second rule, 1799–1950)[edit]

text:
(Mummudi) Krishnaraja Wodeyar III (1799–1868)
Chamaraja Wodeyar IX (1868–1894)
H.H. Vani Vilas Sannidhana, queen of Chamaraja Wodeyar IX served as regent from 1894 to 1902
(Nalvadi) Krishnaraja Wodeyar IV (1894–1940)
Jayachamaraja Wodeyar Bahadur (1940–1950)

text: Gajapati Kingdom (1434–1541 CE)[edit]

text:
Kapilendra Deva (1434–67)
Purushottama Deva (1467–97)
Prataparudra Deva (1497–1540)
Kalua Deva (1540–41)
Kakharua Deva (1541)

text: Maharajas of Cochin (Perumpadapu Swaroopam, 1503–1964)[edit]

text: Veerakerala Varma, nephew of Cheraman Perumal, is supposed to have been the first king of Cochin around the 7th century CE. But the records we have start in 1503.

text:
Unniraman Koyikal I (?–1503)
Unniraman Koyikal II (1503–1537)
Veera Kerala Varma (1537–1565)
Keshava Rama Varma (1565–1601)
Veera Kerala Varma (1601–1615)
Ravi Varma I (1615–1624)
Veera Kerala Varma (1624–1637)
Godavarma (1637–1645)
Veerarayira Varma (1645–1646)
Veera Kerala Varma (1646–1650)
Rama Varma I (1650–1656)
Rani Gangadharalakshmi (1656–1658)
Rama Varma II (1658–1662)
Goda Varma (1662–1663)
Veera Kerala Varma (1663–1687)
Rama Varma III (1687–1693)
Ravi Varma II (1693–1697)
Rama Varma IV (1697–1701)
Rama Varma V (1701–1721)
Ravi Varma III (1721–1731)
Rama Varma VI (1731–1746)
Veera Kerala Varma I (1746–1749)
Rama Varma VII (1749–1760)
Veera Kerala Varma II (1760–1775)
Rama Varma VIII (1775–1790)
Shaktan Thampuran (Rama Varma IX) (1790–1805)
Rama Varma X (1805–1809) - Vellarapalli-yil Theepetta Thampuran (King who died in "Vellarapali")
Veera Kerala Varma III (1809–1828) - Karkidaka Maasathil Theepetta Thampuran (King who died in "karkidaka" month (Malayalam Era))
Rama Varma XI (1828–1837) - Thulam-Maasathil Theepett1a Thampuran (King who died in "Thulam" month (ME))
Rama Varma XII (1837–1844) - Edava-Maasathil Theepett1a Thampuran (King who died in "Edavam" month (ME))
Rama Varma XIII (1844–1851) - Thrishur-il Theepetta Thampuran (King who died in "Thrishivaperoor" or Thrishur)
Veera Kerala Varma IV (1851–1853) - Kashi-yil Theepetta Thampuran (King who died in "Kashi" or Varanasi)
Ravi Varma IV (1853–1864) - Makara Maasathil Theepetta Thampuran (King who died in "Makaram" month (ME))
Rama Varma XIV (1864–1888) - Mithuna Maasathil Theepetta Thampuran (King who died in "Mithunam" month (ME))
Kerala Varma V (1888–1895) - Chingam Maasathil Theepetta Thampuran (King who died in "Chingam" month (ME))
Rama Varma XV (1895–1914) - a.k.a. Rajarshi, abdicated (d. in 1932)
Rama Varma XVI (1915–1932) - Madrasil Theepetta Thampuran (King who died in Madras or Chennai)
Rama Varma XVII (1932–1941) - Dhaarmika Chakravarthi (King of Dharma), Chowara-yil Theepetta Thampuran (King who died in "Chowara")
Kerala Varma VI (1941–1943) - Midukkan (syn: Smart, expert, great) Thampuran
Ravi Varma V (1943–1946) - Kunjappan Thampuran (Brother of Midukkan Thampuran)
Kerala Varma VII (1946–1948) - Ikya-Keralam (Unified Kerala) Thampuran
Rama Varma XVIII (1948–1964) - Pareekshit Thampuran

text: Qutb Shahi dynasty (1518–1687)[edit]

text:
Sultan Quli Qutbl Mulk (1518–1543)
Jamsheed Quli Qutb Shah (1543–1550)
Subhan Quli Qutb Shah (1550)
Ibrahim Quli Qutub Shah (1550–1580)
Muhammad Quli Qutb Shah (1580–1612)
Sultan Muhammad Qutb Shah (1612–1626)
Abdullah Qutb Shah (1626–1672)
Abul Hasan Qutb Shah (1672–1687)

text: Mughal Empire (1526–1857)[edit]

text:
Zahir ud din Muhammad Babur (1526–1530), descendant of Mongol conqueror Chenghiz Khan and Amir Timur , established the Mughal Empire (one of the 3 earliest gunpowder empires) after defeating the Delhi Sultanate
Nasir ud din Muhammad Humayun (1530–1540), temporarily lost his empire to the Afghan warrior Sher Shah Suri after being defeated by him, restored his rule after defeating Adil Shah Suri in 1556.
Jalal ud din Muhammad Akbar (Akbar the Great) (1556–1605), considered the greatest of all Mughals, he restored the rule of his dynasty after defeating Hemchandra Vikramaditya. He carried out the biggest expansion of the Mughal Empire in Northern India
Nur ud din Muhammad Jahangir (1605–1627), known in legends as Shehzada Salim
Shihab-ud-din Shah Jahan (1627–1657), constructed the Taj Mahal, which is often regarded as one of the Seven Wonders of the World
Muhiuddin Muhammad Aurangzeb Alamgir (1658–1707), expanded the Mughal Empire to its greatest extent, ruling over most of South Asia and Afghanistan
Muhammad Azam Shah (1707)
Bahadur Shah I (1707–1712)
Jahandar Shah (1712–1713)
Farrukh Siyar (1713–1719)
Rafi ud Darajat (1719)
Rafi ud Daulah (1719)
Nikusiyar (1719)
Muhammad Shah (first rule, 1719–1720)
Muhammad Ibrahim (1720)
Muhammad Shah (restored) (1720–1748)
Ahmad Shah Bahadur (1748–1754)
Alamgir II (1754–1759)
Shah Jahan III (1760)
Shah Alam II (1759–1806)
Akbar Shah II (1806–1837)
Bahadur Shah II (1837–1857)

text: Mewar Dynasty[edit]

text: Mewar (Sisodia)[edit]

text:
Bappa rawal (715to728-753)
khumman (753-773)
Mathatt (773-790)
bhathabhatt (790-813) In his time another bharthbhutt 2nd son ruled with another brench of guhil in noth east rajaasthan
Rawal singh (813-820)
khumman 2 (820-853)
Mahayak (853-878) In his region mewar ruler under gurjara-prthihar in his sub-ordinate -king mihir bhoja
853 to 1172 ruler of mewar become weak
Samanta Singh (1172-1179)
[[khumar, Manthan,Padam Singh (1179-1213)
Jaitra Singh (1213-1261)
Teja Singh (1261-1273)
Samar Singh (1273-1301)
Ratan Singh (1301-1303)
Hammir Singh (1326–1364)
Kshetra Singh (1364–1382)
Lakha Singh (1382–1421)
Mokal Singh (1421–1433)
Rana Kumbha (1433–1468)
Udai Singh I (1468–1473)
Rana Raimal (1473–1508)
Rana Sanga (1508–1527) - last Rajput emperor of India.
Ratan Singh II (1528–1531)
Vikramaditya Singh (1531–1536)
Vanvir Singh (1536–1540)
Udai Singh II (1540–1572)
Maharana Pratap (1572–1597)
Amar Singh I (1597–1620)
Karan Singh II (1620–1628)
Jagat Singh I (1628–1652)
Raj Singh I (1652–1680)
Jai Singh (1680–1698)
Amar Singh II (1698–1710)
Sangram Singh II (1710–1734)
Jagat Singh II (1734–1751)
Pratap Singh II (1751–1754)
Raj Singh II (1754–1762)
Ari Singh II (1762–1772)
Hamir Singh II (1772–1778)
Bhim Singh (1778–1828)
Jawan Singh (1828–1838)
Shambhu Singh (1861–1874)
Sajjan Singh (1874–1884)
Fateh Singh (1884–1930)
Bhupal Singh (1930–1947)

text: Suri dynasty (1540–1555)[edit]

text:
Sher Shah (1540–1545), seized the Mughal Empire after defeating the second Mughal Emperor Humayun
Islam Shah Suri (1545–1554)
Firuz Shah Suri (1554)
Muhammad Adil Shah (1554–1555)
Ibrahim Shah Suri (1555)
Sikandar Shah Suri (1554–1555)
Adil Shah (1555–1556)

text: Chogyal, monarchs of Sikkim and Ladakh (1642–1975)[edit]

text: 1. 1642–1670 Phuntsog Namgyal (1604–1670) Ascended the throne and was consecrated as the first Chogyal of Sikkim. Made the capital in Yuksom.

text: 2. 1670–1700 Tensung Namgyal (1644–1700) Shifted capital to Rabdentse from Yuksom.

text: 3. 1700–1717 Chakdor Namgyal (1686–1717) His half-sister Pendiongmu tried to dethrone Chakdor, who fled to Lhasa, but was reinstated as king with the help of Tibetans.

text: 4. 1717–1733 Gyurmed Namgyal (1707–1733) Sikkim was attacked by Nepalis.

text: 5. 1733–1780 Phuntsog Namgyal II (1733–1780) Nepalis raided Rabdentse, the then capital of Sikkim.

text: 6. 1780–1793 Tenzing Namgyal (1769–1793) Chogyal fled to Tibet, and later died there in exile.

text: 7. 1793–1863 Tsugphud Namgyal (1785–1863) The longest-reigning Chogyal of Sikkim. Shifted the capital from Rabdentse to Tumlong. Treaty of Titalia in 1817 between Sikkim and British India was signed in which territories lost to Nepal were appropriated to Sikkim. Darjeeling was gifted to British India in 1835. Two Britons, Dr. Arthur Campbell and Dr. Joseph Dalton Hooker were captured by the Sikkimese in 1849. Hostilities between British India and Sikkim continued and led to a treaty signed, in which Darjeeling was ceded to the British Raj.

text: 8. 1863–1874 Sidkeong Namgyal, (1819–1874)

text: 9. 1874–1914 Thutob Namgyal (1860–1914) John Claude White appointed as the first political officer in Sikkim in 1889. Capital shifted from Tumlong to Gangtok in 1894.

text: 10. 1914 Sidkeong Tulku Namgyal (1879–1914) The shortest-reigning Chogyal of Sikkim, ruled from 10 February to 5 December 1914. Died of heart failure, aged 35, in most suspicious circumstances.

text: 11. 1914–1963 Tashi Namgyal (1893–1963) Treaty between India and Sikkim was signed in 1950, giving India suzerainty over Sikkim.

text: 12. 1963–1975 Palden Thondup Namgyal, (1923–1982)

text: Deccan Sultanates[edit]

text: Adil Shahi dynasty (1490–1686)[edit]

text:
Yusuf Adil Shah (1490–1510)
Ismail Adil Shah (1510–1534)
Mallu Adil Shah (1534)
Ibrahim Adil Shah I (1534–1558)
Ali Adil Shah I (1558–1579)
Ibrahim Adil Shah II (1580–1627)
Mohammed Adil Shah (1627–1657)
Ali Adil Shah II (1657–1672)
Sikandar Adil Shah (1672–1686)

text: Nizam Shahi dynasty (1490–1636)[edit]

text:
Malik Ahmad Nizam Shah I (1490–1510)
Burhan Nizam Shah I (1510–1553)
Hussain Nizam Shah I (1553–1565)
Murtaza Nizam Shah (1565–1588)
Miran Nizam Hussain (1588–1589)
Isma'il Nizam Shah (1589–1591)
Burhan Nizam Shah II (1591–1595)
Ibrahim Nizam Shah (1595–1596)
Ahmad Nizam Shah II (1596)
Bahadur Nizam Shah (1596–1600)
Murtaza Nizam Shah II (1600–1610)
Burhan Nizam Shah III (1610–1631)
Hussain Nizam Shah II (1631–1633)
Murtaza Nizam Shah III (1633–1636).[11]

text: Berar Sultanate (1490–1572)[edit]

text:
Fathullah Imad-ul-Mulk (1490–1504)
Ala-ud-din Imad Shah (1504–1530)
Darya Imad Shah (1530–1562)
Burhan Imad Shah (1562–1574)
Tufal Khan (usurper) 1574

text: Bidar Sultanate(1492–1542)[edit]

text:
Qasim Barid I (1492–1504)
Amir Barid I (1504–1542)
Ali Barid Shah (1542–1580)
Ibrahim Barid Shah (1580–1587)
Qasim Barid Shah II (1587–1591)
Ali Barid Shah II (1591)
Amir Barid Shah II (1591–1600)
Mirza Ali Barid Shah III (1600–1609)
Amir Barid Shah III (1609–1619).[11]
Amir Barid I 1504–1542

text: Qutb Shahi dynasty(1518–1687)[edit]

text:
Sultan Quli Qutb-ul-Mulk (1518–1543)
Jamsheed Quli Qutb Shah (1543–1550)
Subhan Quli Qutb Shah (1550)
Ibrahim Quli Qutub Shah (1550–1580)
Muhammad Quli Qutb Shah (1580–1611)
Sultan Muhammad Qutb Shah (1611–1626)
Abdullah Qutb Shah (1626–1672)
Abul Hasan Qutb Shah (1672–1687).[12]

text: Maratha Empire (1674–1881)[edit]

text: Shivaji era[edit]

text:
Chattrapati Shivaji Maharaj (born on 19 February 1630, crowned on 6 June 1674; and died on 3 April 1680)
Chhatrapati Sambhaji (1680–1688), elder son of Shivaji
Chhatrapati Rajaram (1688–1700), younger son of Shivaji
Rajmata Tarabai, regent (1700–1707), widow of Chhatrapati Rajaram
Chhatrapati Shivaji II (b. 1696, ruled 1700–14); first of the Kolhapur Chhatrapatis

text: The Empire was divided between two branches of the family c. 1707–10; and the division was formalized in 1731.

text: Bhosale Chhatrapatis at Kolhapur (1700–1947)[edit]

text:
Chhatrapati Shivaji II (b. 1696, ruled 1700–14)
Sambhaji II of Kolhapur (b. 1698, r. 1714–60)
Rajmata Jijibai of Kolhapur|Rajmata Jijibai, regent (1760–73), senior widow of Sambhaji II
Rajmata Durgabai of Kolhapur|Rajmata Durgabai, regent (1773–79), junior widow of Sambhaji II
Shahu Shivaji II of Kolhapur (r. 1762–1813); adopted by Jijibai, his predecessor's senior widow
Sambhaji III of Kolhapur (b. 1801, r. 1813–21)
Shivaji III of Kolhapur (b. 1816, r. 1821–22) (council of regency)
Shahaji I of Kolhapur (b. 1802, r. 1822–38)
Shivaji IV of Kolhapur (b. 1830, r. 1838–66)
Rajaram I of Kolhapur (r. 1866–70)
Council of regency (1870–94)
Shivaji V of Kolhapur (b. 1863, r. 1871–83); adopted by his predecessor's widow
Rajarshi Shahu IV of Kolhapur (b. 1874, r. 1884–1922); adopted by his predecessor's widow
Rajaram II of Kolhapur (b. 1897 r. 1922–40)
Indumati Tarabai of Kolhapur, regent (1940–47), widow of Rajaram II
Shivaji VI of Kolhapur (b. 1941, r. 1941–46); adopted by his predecessor's widow
Shahaji II of Kolhapur (b. 1910, r. 1947, d. 1983); formerly Maharaja of Dewas Senior; adopted by Indumati Tarabai, widow of Rajaram II

text: The state acceded unto the Dominion of India following the independence of India in 1947.[13]

text: Bhosale Chhatrapatis at Satara (1707–1839)[edit]

text:
Shahu I (1708–1749). Son of Sambhaji I.
Ramaraja (1749–1777). Grandson of Rajaram and Tarabai; adopted son of Shahu I.
Shahu II of Satara (1777–1808). Son of Ramaraja.
Pratapsinh (1808–1839)
Shahaji III (1839–1848)
Pratapsinh I (adopted)
Rajaram III
Pratapsinh II
Raja Shahu III (1918–1950)

text: The Peshwas (1713–1858)[edit]

text: Technically they were not monarchs, but hereditary prime ministers, though in fact they ruled instead of the Maharaja after death of Chattrapati Shahu, and were hegemon of the Maratha confederation.

text:
Balaji Vishwanath (1713 – 2 April 1720) (b. 1660, died 2 April 1720)
Peshwa Bajirao I (17 April 1720 – 28 April 1740) (b. 18 Aug. 1700, died 28 April 1740)
Balaji Bajirao (4 July 1740 – 23 June 1761) (b. 8 Dec. 1721, d. 23 Jun. 1761)
Madhavrao Ballal (1761 – 18 Nov. 1772) (b. 16 Feb. 1745, d. 18 Nov. 1772)
Narayanrao Bajirao (13 Dec. 1772 – 30 Aug. 1773) (b. 10 Aug. 1755, d. 30 Aug. 1773)
Raghunath Rao Bajirao (5 Dec. 1773 – 1774) (b. 18 Aug. 1734, d. 11 Dec. 1783)
Sawai Madhavrao (1774 – 27 Oct. 1795) (b. 18 April 1774, d. 27 Oct. 1795)
Baji Rao II (6 Dec. 1796 – 3 June 1818) (d. 28 Jan. 1851)
Nana Sahib (1 July 1857 – 1858) (b. 19 May 1825, d. 24 Sep. 1859)

text: Bhosale Maharajas of Thanjavur (?–1799)[edit]

text: Descended from a brother of Shivaji; ruled independently and had no formal relationship with the Maratha Empire.

text:
Ekoji I
Shahuji I of Thanjavur
Serfoji I
Tukkoji
Ekoji II
Sujanbai
Shahuji II of Thanjavur
Pratapsingh of Thanjavur (r. 1737–63)
Tulojirao Bhonsle of Thanjavur (b. 1738, r. 1763–87), elder son of Pratapasimha
Serfoji II of Thanjavur (r. 1787–93 & 1798–99, d. 1832); adoptive son of Tuloji Bhonsle
Ramaswami Amarasimha Bhonsle (r. 1793–98); younger son of Pratapasimha

text: The state was annexed by the British in 1799.[14]

text: Bhosale Maharajas of Nagpur (1799–1881)[edit]

text:
Raghoji I (1738–1755)
Janoji (1755–1772)
Sabaji (1772–1775)
Mudhoji I (1775–1788)
Raghoji II (1788–1816)
Parsoji Bhonsle (18??–1817)
Mudhoji II (1816–1818)
Raghoji III (1818–1853)
1853 to Great Britain
Janoji II (1853–1881) (adopted)
Raghujideo (1881)
The kingdom was annexed by the British under the Doctrine of Lapse.[15]

text: Holkar rulers of Indore (1731–1948)[edit]

text:
Malharrao Holkar (I) (r. 2 November 1731 – 19 May 1766)
Malerao Khanderao Holkar (r. 23 August 1766 – 5 April 1767)
Punyaslok Rajmata Ahilyadevi Holkar (r. 5 April 1767 – 13 August 1795)
Tukojirao Holkar (I) (r. 13 August 1795 – 29 January 1797)
Kashirao Tukojirao Holkar (r. 29 January 1797 – 1798)
Yashwantrao Holkar (I) (r. 1798 – 27 November 1811)
Malharrao Yashwantrao Holkar (III) (r. November 1811 – 27 October 1833)
Martandrao Malharrao Holkar (r. 17 January 1834 – 2 February 1834)
Harirao Vitthojirao Holkar (r. 17 April 1834 – 24 October 1843)
Khanderao Harirao Holkar (r. 13 November 1843 – 17 February 1844)
Tukojirao Gandharebhau Holkar (II) (r. 27 June 1844 – 17 June 1886)
Shivajirao Tukojirao Holkar (r. 17 June 1886 – 31 January 1903)
Tukojirao Shivajirao Holkar (III) (r. 31 January 1903 – 26 February 1926)
Yashwantrao Holkar (II) (r. 26 February 1926 – 1961)

text: Following the independence of India in 1947, the state acceded unto the Dominion of India. The monarchy was ended in 1948, but the title is still held by Usha Devi Maharaj Sahiba Holkar XV Bahadur, Maharani of Indore since 1961.

text: Scindia rulers of Gwalior (?–1947)[edit]

text:
Ranojirao Scindia (1731 – 19 July 1745)
Jayapparao Scindia (1745 – 25 July 1755)
Jankojirao I Scindia (25 July 1755 – 15 January 1761). Born 1745
Meharban Dattaji Rao Scindia, Regent (1755 – 10 January 1760). Died 1760
Vacant 15 January 1761 – 25 November 1763
Kedarjirao Scindia (25 November 1763 – 10 July 1764)
Manajirao Scindia Phakade (10 July 1764 – 18 January 1768)
Mahadaji Scindia (18 January 1768 – 12 February 1794). Born c. 1730, died 1794
Daulatrao Scindia (12 February 1794 – 21 March 1827). Born 1779, died 1827
Jankojirao II Scindia (18 June 1827 – 7 February 1843). Born 1805, died 1843
Jayajirao Scindia (7 February 1843 – 20 June 1886). Born 1835, died 1886
Madho Rao Scindia (20 June 1886 – 5 June 1925). Born 1876, died 1925
George Jivajirao Scindia (Maharaja 5 June 1925 – 15 August 1947, Rajpramukh 28 May 1948 – 31 October 1956, later Rajpramukh). Born 1916, died 1961

text: Following the independence of India in 1947, the state acceded unto the Dominion of India.

text:
Madhavrao Scindia (6 February 1949; died 2001)
Jyotiraditya Madhavrao Scindia (born 1 January 1971)

text: Gaekwad rulers of Baroda (Vadodara) (1721–1947)[edit]

text:
Pilaji Rao Gaekwad (1721–1732)
Damaji Rao Gaekwad (1732–1768)
Govind Rao Gaekwad (1768–1771)
Sayaji Rao Gaekwad I (1771–1789)
Manaji Rao Gaekwad (1789–1793)
Govind Rao Gaekwad (restored) (1793–1800)
Anand Rao Gaekwad (1800–1818)
Sayaji Rao II Gaekwad (1818–1847)
Ganpat Rao Gaekwad (1847–1856)
Khande Rao Gaekwad (1856–1870)
Malhar Rao Gaekwad (1870–1875)
Maharaja Sayajirao Gaekwad III (1875–1939)
Pratap Singh Gaekwad (1939–1951)

text: The major Muslim vassals of the Mughal/British Paramountcy (1707–1856)[edit]

text: Nawabs of Bengal (1707–1770)[edit]

text:
Murshid Quli Jafar Khan (1707–1727)
Sujauddin Khan (1727–1739)
Sarfraz Khan (1739–1740)
Alivardi Khan (1740–1756)
Siraj Ud Daulah (1756–1757)
Mir Jafar (1757–1760)
Mir Qasim (1760–1763)
Mir Jafar (1763–1765)
Najm ud Daulah (1765–1766)
Saif ud Daulah (1766–1770)

text: Nawabs of Oudh (1719–1858)[edit]

text:
Saadat Ali Khan I (1719–1737)
Safdarjung (1737–1753)
Shuja-ud-Daula (1753–1775)
Asaf-ud-Daula (1775–1797)
Wazir Ali Khan (1797–1798)
Saadat Ali Khan II (1798–1814)
Ghazi-ud-Din Haider (1814–1827)
Nasiruddin Haider (1827–1837)
Muhammad Ali Shah (1837–1842)
Amjad Ali Shah (1842–1847)
Wajid Ali Shah (1847–1856)
Birjis Qadra (1856–1858)

text: Nizams of Hyderabad (1720–1948)[edit]

text:
Mir Qamaruddin Khan, Nizal ul Mulk, Asif Jah I (1720–1748)
Mir Ahmed Ali Khan Nasir Jang Nazam-ud-Dowlah (1748–1750)
Nawab Hidayat Mohuddin Sa'adu'llah Khan Bahadur, Muzaffar Jang (1750–1751)
Nawab Syed Mohammed Khan, Amir ul Mulk, Salabat Jang (1751–1762)
Nawab Mir Nizam Ali Khan Bahadur, Nizam ul Mulk, Asif Jah II (1762–1803)
Nawab Mir Akbar Ali Khan Sikandar Jah, Asif Jah III (1803–1829)
Nawab Mir Farkhonda Ali Khan Nasir-ud-Daulah, Asif Jah IV (1829–1857)
Nawab Mir Tahniat Ali Khan Afzal ud Daulah, Asif Jah V (1857–1869)
Nawab Mir Mahboob Ali Khan, Asif Jah VI (1869–1911)
Nawab Mir Osman Ali Khan, Asif Jah VII (1911–1948)

text: Kingdom of Travancore (1729–1947)[edit]

text:
Marthanda Varma (1729–1758)
Dharma Raja (1758–1798)
Balarama Varma (1798–1810)
Gowri Lakshmi Bayi (1810–1815)
Gowri Parvati Bayi (1815–1829)
Swathi Thirunal (1829–1846)
Uthram Thirunal (1846–1860)
Ayilyam Thirunal (1860–1880)
Visakham Thirunal (1880–1885)
Moolam Thirunal (1885–1924)
Sethu Lakshmi Bayi (1924–1931)
Chithira Thirunal (1931–1949)

text: Sikh Empire (1801–1849)[edit]

text:
Maharaja Ranjit Singh (b. 1780, crowned 12 April 1801; d. 1839)
Kharak Singh (b. 1801, d. 1840), eldest son of Ranjit Singh
Nau Nihal Singh (b. 1821, d. 1840), grandson of Ranjit Singh
Chand Kaur (b. 1802, d. 1842) was briefly Regent
Sher Singh (b. 1807, d. 1843), son of Ranjit Singh
Duleep Singh (b. 1838, crowned 1843, d. 1893), youngest son of Ranjit Singh

text: The British Empire annexed the Punjab c. 1845–49; after the First and Second Anglo-Sikh Wars

text: Emperors of India (1857–1947)[edit]

text:
Queen-Empress Victoria (1876–1901)
King-Emperor Edward VII (1901–1910)
King-Emperor George V (1910–1936)
King-Emperor Edward VIII (1936)
King-Emperor George VI (1936–1947)[nb 1]

text: Dominion of India (1947–1950)[edit]

text: George VI, King of India (1947–1950) retained the title "Emperor of India" until 22 June 1948.[16]

text: Dominion of Pakistan (1947–1956)[edit]

text:
George VI, King of Pakistan (1947–1952)
Elizabeth II, Queen of Pakistan (1952–1956)