document_title: Pabst Blue Ribbon

question_text: what's the abv of pabst blue ribbon

question_tokens: what 's the abv of pabst blue ribbon

text: Pabst Blue Ribbon

text: History[edit]

text: Brand Name[edit]

text: Gottlieb and Frederika Pabst and their twelve-year-old son Frederick arrived in the United States in 1848 and settled in Chicago where Frederick eventually found work on the ships of Lake Michigan.[1] In 1862, Frederick married Maria Best, daughter of the founder and owner of the Best Brewing Company, and in 1863 became a brewer at his father-in-law's brewery.[2]

text: When Philip Best retired to Germany in 1867, Pabst and Emil Schandein—his sister-in-law's husband and the vice-president of Best Brewery—worked to transform the company into one of the nation's largest brewers, capitalizing on, among other things, the Great Chicago Fire of 1871 that destroyed nineteen Chicago breweries and helped position Milwaukee as the leading beer-producing city in the United States.[3] In 1889, Schandein died, leaving Pabst as president and his widow, Lisette Schandein, as vice-president.[4][5] In 1890, Pabst changed the "Best" letterhead to "Pabst" and the Pabst Brewing Company officially began.

text:
“

This is the original Pabst Blue Ribbon Beer. Nature's choicest products provide its prized flavor. Only the finest of hops and grains are used. Selected as America's Best in 1893.

”

— Quote from PBR label, referring to the award it received at the 1893 World's Columbian Exposition.[6]

text: The company has historically claimed that its flagship beer was renamed Pabst Blue Ribbon following its win as "America’s Best" at the World's Columbian Exposition in Chicago in 1893. Whether the brand actually won an award in 1893 is unclear.  Some contemporaneous accounts indicate that many vendors were frustrated by the fair's refusal to award such prizes. One account says that the only prizes awarded by the executive committee were bronze medals, in recognition of "some independent and essential excellence in the article displayed", rather than "merely to indicate the relative merits of competing exhibits". However, the beer had won many other awards at many other fairs – so many, in fact, that Captain Pabst had already started tying silk ribbons around every bottle. It was a time when beer bottles were more likely to be embossed than labeled and the ribbons were likely added at great cost to Pabst. But Pabst’s display of pride was also a display of marketing savvy, as patrons started asking their bartenders for the blue ribbon beer.[7][8]

text: Peak, decline, and revival[edit]

text: Sales of Pabst peaked at 18 million barrels in 1977.[9] In 1980 and 1981, the company had four different CEOs, and by 1982 it was fifth in beer sales in the U.S., dropping from third in 1980.[10]

text: In 1996, Pabst headquarters left Milwaukee,[11] and the company ended beer production at its main complex there.[12] By 2001, the brand's sales were below a million barrels. That year, the company got a new CEO, Brian Kovalchuk, formerly the CFO of Benetton, and major changes at the company's marketing department were made.[13]

text: In 2010, food industry executive C. Dean Metropoulos bought the company for a reported $250 million.[14] In 2011, the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission forced two advertising executives to cease efforts to raise $300 million to buy the Pabst Brewing Company. The two had raised over $200 million by crowdsourcing, collecting pledges via their website, Facebook, and Twitter.[15] In November 2014, Eugene Kashper, an American beer entrepreneur, and TSG Consumer Partners acquired Pabst Brewing Company.[16][17][18] In 2015, Pabst won the "best large brewing company of the year" award at the Great American Beer Festival.[19]

text: Nutritional content[edit]

text: A 12 US fluid ounces (0.35 l) Pabst Blue Ribbon has:[20]

text:
144 calories
12.8 grams of carbohydrates
4.74% alcohol by volume (alc/vol)

text: Marketing[edit]

text: The beer experienced a sales revival in the early 2000s after a two decade-long slump, largely due to its increasing popularity among urban hipsters.[21][22] Although the Pabst website features user-submitted photography, much of which features twenty-something Pabst drinkers dressed in alternative fashions,[23] the company has opted not to fully embrace the countercultural label in its marketing, fearing that doing so could jeopardize the very "authenticity" that made the brand popular (as was the case with the poorly received OK Soda).[21][24][25] Pabst instead targets its desired market niche through the sponsorship of indie music, local businesses, facial hair clubs (RVA Beard League), post-collegiate sports teams,[26] dive bars and radio programming like National Public Radio's All Things Considered.[22][27] The company encourages fan art to be submitted online, and is subsequently shown on the beer's official Facebook page.[28]

text: Pabst Blue Ribbon in popular culture[edit]

text:
The beer has appeared in the films Midnight Madness,[29] Blue Velvet,[30] Everything Must Go[31] and Gran Torino,[32] and in television shows such as AMC's Breaking Bad and South Park.[33]
The beer is referenced in the 2011 film Tucker & Dale vs. Evil.[34]
The beer is referenced in the title and lyrics of the 1973 country song Rednecks, White Socks and Blue Ribbon Beer by Johnny Russell.
In the Mad Men season 2 episode, "The Mountain King", Don Draper drinks a Pabst Blue Ribbon from the bottle.[35]
In South Park, Pabst Blue Ribbon is the beer preferred by character Randy Marsh. In "The Poor Kid," the narrator opines: “Pabst Blue Ribbon and white trash. It’s a deadly combination that can lead to prison time and children being taken away from their homes.”[36]
In Reno 911! season 4 episode 12, "Hodgepodge", Officer Jonson and Junior arrest a man who drank PBR because he is completely confused.[37]
Lana Del Rey mentions the brand in her songs "This is What Makes us Girls"[38] and "Music To Watch Boys To."[39]
Australian Metalcore Band The Amity Affliction released a song on their 2012 album Chasing Ghosts which they named "Pabst Blue Ribbon on Ice".[40]
The Zac Brown Band references the brand in their song "Toes" on their 2008 album The Foundation.[41]
In the album, Heart to Heart by Betty Buckley, there is a song called "I Am a Town" (Carpenter) which contains the lyric, "I am Pabst Blue Ribbon America and Southern Serves the South".[42]
The song "Ruby Room" by Green Day side project Foxboro Hot Tubs alludes to the beer with the lyric: "Lucky Strike and I will travel, as the Pabst Blue Ribbon unravels."[43]
In the film National Lampoon's Christmas Vacation, Randy Quaid's character is seen drinking a can of PBR.[citation needed]
In The West Wing season four episode "Election Night", Charlie Young's Little Brother Anthony brings his friend Orlando Kettles to the White House, possibly hoping to get charges dropped after Orlando was caught driving with "an open can of Pabst."[44]
In the Timeless episode "The World's Columbian Exposition", a waitress serves Flynn and Lucy, "It's called Pabst?  It just won a blue ribbon at the fair."[45]
The Boston Ska Band "Big D and the Kids Table" features numerous songs that include Pabst Blue Ribbon in their lyrics; including "Lynn Lynn The City Of Sin"[46] and "Shining On".[47]
Macklemore's song "Cowboy Boots" includes the lyric "cowboy boots doing lines at the bar where the time goes slow when you're drinking PBR."[48]
The beer is referenced in the title and lyrics of the 2009 country song “Pabst Blue Ribbon”, by Shane Yellowbird.[49]
Brad Pitt is seen drinking a PBR in the hit film Se7en[50]

text: Outside of the United States[edit]

text: Australia[edit]

text: Dan Murphy's liquor stores have stocked the beer since 2012.[51]

text: Canada[edit]

text: Pabst Blue Ribbon is brewed by Sleeman Breweries of Guelph, Ontario (although credited as 'Stroh Canada' on the labeling; Sleeman acquired the Stroh label in 1999).[52] Pabst Blue Ribbon contains 4.9% alc/vol. There is also a Pabst strong beer which contains 5.9% alc/vol.[53]

text: China[edit]

text: Pabst Blue Ribbon America has a licensing agreement and joint venture arrangement with China Pabst Blue Ribbon.  It is produced, marketed and distributed by CBR Brewing Company, which jointly owns the company along with Guangdong Blue Ribbon Group under a sub-licensing agreement with the Pabst Brewing Company. CBR is a British Virgin Islands owned company but it is based in China.[54][55][56] In 2010, China Pabst released a new beer called Pabst Blue Ribbon 1844 for consumption in the domestic market; it sells for 44 U.S. dollars a bottle.[57]

text: Ireland[edit]

text: Pabst Blue Ribbon America has a licensing agreement and joint venture arrangement with C&C Group Plc and is being distributed in Republic of Ireland through C&C Gleeson and in Northern Ireland through Tennents Northern Ireland. It is sold in 355ml cans and bottles and on draught via a 30L keg. The ABV is 4.6%.

text: Sweden[edit]

text: Pabst Blue Ribbon launched in Sweden in 2012, imported by Galatea Beer Spirits & Wine and sold in Systembolaget stores. The Pabst Blue Ribbon sold in Sweden is labeled as the "export" version. According to Galatea it is an "extra flavorful version brewed for the Swedish market", and contains 4.5% alc/vol. Pabst Blue Ribbon export is brewed and bottled in America and then shipped to Sweden.


document_title: Charlotte mayoral election, 2017

question_text: who is running for mayor of charlotte nc

root

text: Charlotte mayoral election, 2017

text: Background[edit]

text: Jennifer Roberts, a former Mecklenburg County commissioner, was elected to her first term in 2015 when she defeated Republican Edwin Peacock III, a former Charlotte City Councilman.

tag: p

text: Democratic primary[edit]

text: Candidates[edit]

text: Declared[edit]

text:
Jennifer Roberts, incumbent[3]
Joel Ford, North Carolina State Senator[3]
Vi Lyles, Charlotte City Councilwoman[4]
Constance Partee-Johnson[5]
Lucille Puckett [6]

tag: ul

text: Declined[edit]

text: David Howard, former Charlotte City Councilman[3]

text: Endorsements[edit]

text:
[show]Jennifer Roberts

Human Rights Campaign[7]
MeckPAC[8]
Equality NC[9]
New South Progressives[10]
Sierra Club[11]
Southern Piedmont Central Labor Council[12]
Unite Here Local 23 North Carolina Chapter[13]

tag: table

text:
[show]Joel Ford

Charlotte Fire Fighters Association[14]
Real Estate and Building Industry Coalition[15]

text:
[show]Vi Lyles

Black Political Caucus[16]
Democracy for America[17]
Charlotte Post[18]
Charlotte Observer[19]

text: Polling[edit]

text:
Poll source
Date(s)
administered
Sample
size
Margin of
error
Jennifer Roberts (D)
Joel Ford (D)
Vi Lyles (D)
Constance Partee-Johnson (D)
Other
Undecided

Lake Research Partners[20]
June 1–4, 2017
400
± 4.9%
35%
15%
21%
–
–
28%

text: Results[edit]

text:
Candidates
Democratic Primary Election - Sept. 12[21]

Candidate
Party
Votes
Percent

Vi Lyles
Democratic
15,773
46.15%

Jennifer Roberts
Democratic
12,375
36.21%

Joel Ford
Democratic
5,452
15.95%

Constance Partee (Connie) Johnson
Democratic
310
0.91%

Lucille Puckett
Democratic
267
0.78%

text: Republican primary[edit]

text: Candidates[edit]

text: Declared[edit]

text:
Kimberley Paige Barnette,[22] former magistrate[23]

Barnette garnered controversy in September 2017 when her Facebook page briefly described herself as "Republican $ Smart, White, Traditional." The controversy garnered national attention. [24]

Gary M. Dunn, candidate for Democratic nomination in 2013[22]
Kenny Smith, Charlotte City Councilman[25]

text: Endorsements[edit]

text:
[show]Kenny Smith

Fraternal Order of Police [26]
Charlotte Observer [27]

text: Results[edit]

text:
Candidates
Republican Primary Election - Sept. 12[21]

Candidate
Party
Votes
Percent

Kenny Smith
Republican
7,912
88.63%

Gary M. Dunn
Republican
553
6.19%

Kimberley Paige Barnette
Republican
462
5.18%

text: General election[edit]

text: Polling[edit]

text:
Poll source
Date(s)
administered
Sample
size
Margin of
error
Vi
Lyles (D)
Kenny
Smith (R)
Undecided

SurveyUSA
October 18–21, 2017
517
± 4.4%
41%
40%
19%

text: Results[edit]

text:
Candidates
General Election - Nov. 7[28]

Candidate
Party
Votes
Percent

Vi Lyles
Democratic
71,876
59.13%

Kenny Smith
Republican
49,555
40.77%


document_title: Eye for an eye

question_text: where does the eye for an eye come from

question_tokens: where does the eye for an eye come from

text: Eye for an eye

text: Definition and methods[edit]

text: The term lex talionis does not always and only refer to literal eye-for-an-eye codes of justice (see rather mirror punishment) but applies to the broader class of legal systems that specify formulate penalties for specific crimes, which are thought to be fitting in their severity. Some propose that this was at least in part intended to prevent excessive punishment at the hands of either an avenging private party or the state.[4] The most common expression of lex talionis is "an eye for an eye", but other interpretations have been given as well. Legal codes following the principle of lex talionis have one thing in common: prescribed 'fitting' counter punishment for a felony. In the famous legal code written by Hammurabi, the principle of exact reciprocity is very clearly used. For example, if a person caused the death of another person, the killer would be put to death.[5]

text: The simplest example is the "eye for an eye" principle. In that case, the rule was that punishment must be exactly equal to the crime. Conversely, the twelve tables of Rome merely prescribed particular penalties for particular crimes. The Anglo-Saxon legal code substituted payment of wergild for direct retribution: a particular person's life had a fixed value, derived from his social position; any homicide was compensated by paying the appropriate wergild, regardless of intent. Under the British Common Law, successful plaintiffs were entitled to repayment equal to their loss (in monetary terms). In the modern tort law system, this has been extended to translate non-economic losses into money as well. The meaning of the principle Eye for an Eye is that a person who has been injured by another person returns the offending action to the originator in compensation, or that an authority does so on behalf of the injured person. The exact Latin (lex talionis) to English translation of this phrase is "The law of retaliation." The root principle of this law is to provide equitable retribution.

text: Antecedents[edit]

text: Various ideas regarding the origins of lex talionis exist, but a common one is that it developed as early civilizations grew and a less well-established system for retribution of wrongs, feuds and vendettas, threatened the social fabric. Despite having been replaced with newer modes of legal theory, lex talionis systems served a critical purpose in the development of social systems—the establishment of a body whose purpose was to enact the retaliation and ensure that this was the only punishment. This body was the state in one of its earliest forms.

text: The principle is found in Babylonian Law.[6][7] If it is surmised that in societies not bound by the rule of law, if a person was hurt, then the injured person (or their relative) would take vengeful retribution on the person who caused the injury. The retribution might be worse than the crime, perhaps even death. Babylonian law put a limit on such actions, restricting the retribution to be no worse than the crime, as long as victim and offender occupied the same status in society. As with blasphemy or lèse-majesté (crimes against a god or a monarch), crimes against one's social betters were punished more severely.

text: Roman law moved toward monetary compensation as a substitute for vengeance. In cases of assault, fixed penalties were set for various injuries, although talio was still permitted if one person broke another's limb.[8]

text: In religion[edit]

text: First referenced in the Code of Hammurabi, (which predates the Hebrew bible.) In the Hebrew Law, the "eye for eye" was to restrict compensation to the value of the loss. Thus, it might be better read 'only one eye for one eye'.[3] The biblical phrase "an eye for an eye" in Exodus and Leviticus (עין תחת עין, ayin tachat ayin) literally means 'an eye in place of an eye' while a slightly different phrase (עַיִן בְּעַיִן שֵׁן בְּשֵׁן, literally "eye for an eye; tooth for a tooth") is used in another passage (in Deuteronomy) of the Hebrew Bible, specifically, in the first of its three subdivisions, the Torah.[9][10][11] For example, a passage in Leviticus states, "And a man who injures his countryman – as he has done, so it shall be done to him [namely,] fracture for fracture, eye for eye, tooth for tooth. Just as he has injured a person, so it shall be done to him." (Lev. 24:19–21)[9]

text: Judaism[edit]

text: Isaac Kalimi explains that the "lex talionis was humanized by the Rabbis who interpreted "an eye for an eye" to mean reasonable pecuniary compensation. As in the case of the Babylonian 'lex talionis', ethical Judaism and humane Jewish jurisprudence replaces the peshat (literal meaning) of the written Torah.[12] Pasachoff and Littman point to the reinterpretation of the lex talionis as an example of the ability of Pharisaic Judaism to "adapt to changing social and intellectual ideas."[13]

text: Talmud[edit]

text: The Talmud[14] interprets the verses referring to "an eye for an eye" and similar expressions as mandating monetary compensation in tort cases and argues against the interpretations by Sadducees that the Bible verses refer to physical retaliation in kind, using the argument that such an interpretation would be inapplicable to blind or eyeless offenders. Since the Torah requires that penalties be universally applicable, the phrase cannot be interpreted in this manner.

text: The Oral Law explains, based upon the biblical verses, that the Bible mandates a sophisticated five-part monetary form of compensation, consisting of payment for "Damages, Pain, Medical Expenses, Incapacitation, and Mental Anguish" — which underlies many modern legal codes. Some rabbinic literature explains, moreover, that the expression, "An eye for an eye, etc." suggests that the perpetrator deserves to lose his own eye, but that biblical law treats him leniently. − Paraphrased from the Union of Orthodox Congregations.[15]

text: However, the Torah also discusses a form of direct reciprocal justice, where the phrase ayin tachat ayin makes another appearance.[16] Here, the Torah discusses false witnesses who conspire to testify against another person. The Torah requires the court to "do to him as he had conspired to do to his brother".[17] Assuming the fulfillment of certain technical criteria (such as the sentencing of the accused whose punishment was not yet executed), wherever it is possible to punish the conspirators with exactly the same punishment through which they had planned to harm their fellow, the court carries out this direct reciprocal justice (including when the punishment constitutes the death penalty). Otherwise, the offenders receive lashes.[18][19]

text: Since there is no form of punishment in the Torah that calls for the maiming of an offender (punitary amputation) there is no case where a conspiratorial false witness could possibly be punished by the court injuring to his eye, tooth, hand, or foot. There is one case where the Torah states "…and you shall cut off her hand…"[20] The sages of the Talmud understood the literal meaning of this verse as referring to a case where the woman is attacking a man in potentially lethal manner. This verse teaches that, although one must intervene to save the victim, one may not kill a lethal attacker if it is possible to neutralize that attacker through non-lethal injury.[21][22][23] Regardless, there is no verse that even appears to mandate injury to the eye, tooth, or foot.

text: Numbers 35:9–30 discusses the only form of remotely reciprocal justice not carried out directly by the court, where, under very limited circumstances, someone found guilty of negligent manslaughter may be killed by a relative of the deceased who takes on the role of "redeemer of blood". In such cases, the court requires the guilty party to flee to a designated city of refuge. While the guilty party is there, the "redeemer of blood" may not kill him. If, however, the guilty party illegally forgoes his exile, the "redeemer of blood", as an accessory of the court, may kill the guilty party. Nevertheless, the provision of the "redeemer of blood" does not serve as true reciprocal justice, because the redeemer only acts to penalize a negligent killer who forgoes his exile. Furthermore, intentional killing does not parallel negligent killing and thus cannot serve directly as a reciprocal punishment for manslaughter, but as a penalty for escaping punishment.[24] According to traditional Jewish Law, application of these laws requires the presence and maintenance of the biblically designated cities of refuge, as well as a conviction in an eligible court of 23 judges as delineated by the Torah and Talmud. The latter condition is also applicable for any capital punishment. These circumstances have not existed for approximately 2,000 years.

text: Objective of reciprocal justice in Judaism[edit]

text: The Talmud discusses the concept of justice as measure-for-measure retribution (middah k'neged middah) in the context of divinely implemented justice. Regarding reciprocal justice by court, however, the Torah states that punishments serve to remove dangerous elements from society ("…and you shall eliminate the evil from your midst"[17]) and to deter potential criminals from violating the law ("And the rest shall hear and be daunted, and they shall no longer commit anything like this evil deed in your midst"[25]). Additionally, reciprocal justice in tort cases serves to compensate the victim (see above).

text: The ideal of vengeance for the sake of assuaging the distress of the victim plays no role in the Torah's conception of court justice, as victims are cautioned against even hating or bearing a grudge against those who have harmed them. The Torah makes no distinction between whether the potential object of hatred or a grudge has been brought to justice, and all people are taught to love their fellow Israelites.[26]

text: Social hierarchy and reciprocal justice[edit]

text: In Exodus 21, as in the Code of Hammurabi, the concept of reciprocal justice seemingly applies to social equals; the statement of reciprocal justice "life for life, eye for eye, tooth for tooth, hand for hand, foot for foot, burn for burn, wound for wound, stripe for stripe"[27] is followed by an example of a different law: if a slave-owner blinds the eye or knocks out the tooth of a slave, the slave is freed but the owner pays no other consequence. On the other hand, the slave would probably be put to death for the injury of the eye of the slave-owner.[28]

text: However the reciprocal justice applies across social boundaries: the "eye for eye" principle is directly followed by the proclamation "You are to have one law for the alien and the citizen."[29] This shows a much more meaningful principle for social justice, in that the marginalized in society were given the same rights under the social structure. In this context, the reciprocal justice in an ideal functioning setting, according to Michael Coogan,[who?] "to prevent people from taking the law into their own hands and exacting disproportionate vengeance for offenses committed against them."[28]

text: Christianity[edit]

text: In the Sermon on the Mount, Jesus urges his followers to turn the other cheek:

text: You have heard that it was said, "An eye for an eye and a tooth for a tooth." But I say to you, Do not resist the one who is evil. But if anyone slaps you on the right cheek, turn to him the other also.

text: Some interpret this as an admonition not to seek legal steps for any compensation that corresponds in kind and degree to the injury:[2]. Others interpret it as Jesus simply teaching his followers not to take personal vengeance, rather than commenting on any legal practice.[30][better source needed]

text: Christian interpretation of the Biblical passage has been heavily influenced by the Church father Augustine of Hippo. He already discussed in his Contra Faustum, Book XIX, the points of 'fulfilment or destruction' of the Jewish law.[31] George Robinson characterizes the passage of Exodus ("an eye for an eye") as one of the "most controversial in the Bible". According to Robinson, some have pointed to this passage as evidence of the vengeful nature of justice in the Hebrew Bible.[32] Similarly, Abraham Bloch speculates that the "lex talionis has been singled out as a classical example of biblical harshness."[33] Harry S. Lewis points to Lamech, Gideon and Samson as Biblical heroes who were renowned for "their prowess in executing blood revenge upon their public and private enemies." Lewis asserts that this "right of 'wild' justice was gradually limited."[34] Stephen Wylen asserts that the lex talionis is "proof of the unique value of each individual" and that it teaches "equality of all human beings for law."[35]

text: Islam[edit]

text: The Qur'an mentions the "eye for an eye" concept as being ordained for the Children of Israel.[36] The principle of Lex talionis in Islam is Qiṣāṣ (Arabic: قصاص) as mentioned in Qur'an, 2:178 : "O you who have believed, prescribed for you is legal retribution (Qisas) for those murdered – the free for the free, the slave for the slave, and the female for the female. But whoever overlooks from his brother anything, then there should be a suitable follow-up and payment to him with good conduct. This is an alleviation from your Lord and a mercy. But whoever transgresses after that will have a painful punishment." Shi'ite countries that use Islamic Sharia law, such as Iran, apply the "eye for an eye" rule literally.[37][38]

text: In the Torah We prescribed for them a life for a life, an eye for an eye, a nose for a nose, an ear for an ear, a tooth for a tooth, an equal wound for a wound: if anyone forgoes this out of charity, it will serve as atonement for his bad deeds. Those who do not judge according to what God has revealed are doing grave wrong. (Qurʾān, 5:45 )

text: Notable criticisms[edit]

text: Martin Luther King, Jr. later used this phrase in the context of racial violence: "The old law of an eye for an eye leaves everyone blind."[39]


document_title: List of prime ministers of Elizabeth II

question_text: who was prime minister when the queen was crowned

question_tokens: who was prime minister when the queen was crowned

text: List of prime ministers of Elizabeth II

text: Prime ministers of current realms[edit]

text: Antigua and Barbuda[edit]

text: Antigua and Barbuda became independent on 1 November 1981 with Vere Bird as the first prime minister. Bird had previously been Premier of Antigua.

text:
№

Portrait

Name(Birth–Death)

Tenure

Took office

Left office

1

Vere Bird(1910–1999)

1 November 1981

9 March 1994

2

Lester Bird(1938–)

9 March 1994

24 March 2004

3

Baldwin Spencer(1948–)

24 March 2004

13 June 2014

4

Gaston Browne(1967–)

13 June 2014

Incumbent

text: Australia[edit]

text: Robert Menzies was the incumbent prime minister of Australia when Elizabeth became queen.

text:
№

Portrait

Name(Birth–Death)

Tenure

Took office

Left office

1

Sir Robert Menzies(1894–1978)

19 December 1949

26 January 1966

2

Harold Holt(1908–1967)

26 January 1966

19 December 1967

3

Sir John McEwen(1900–1980)

19 December 1967

10 January 1968

4

Sir John Gorton(1911–2002)

10 January 1968

10 March 1971

5

Sir William McMahon(1908–1988)

10 March 1971

5 December 1972

6

Gough Whitlam(1916–2014)

5 December 1972

11 November 1975

7

Malcolm Fraser(1930–2015)

11 November 1975

11 March 1983

8

Bob Hawke(1929–)

11 March 1983

20 December 1991

9

Paul Keating(1944–)

20 December 1991

11 March 1996

10

John Howard(1939–)

11 March 1996

3 December 2007

11

Kevin Rudd(1957–)

3 December 2007

24 June 2010

12

Julia Gillard(1961–)

24 June 2010

27 June 2013

(11)

Kevin Rudd(1957–)

27 June 2013

18 September 2013

13

Tony Abbott(1957–)

18 September 2013

15 September 2015

14

Malcolm Turnbull(1954–)

15 September 2015

Incumbent

text: Bahamas[edit]

text: The Bahamas became independent on 10 July 1973 with Lynden Pindling as the first prime minister. Pindling had previously been the prime minister of the self-governing Commonwealth of the Bahama Islands.

text:
№

Portrait

Name(Birth–Death)

Tenure

Took office

Left office

1

Sir Lynden Pindling(1930–2000)

10 July 1973

21 August 1992

2

Hubert Ingraham(1947–)

21 August 1992

3 May 2002

3

Perry Christie(1943–)N1

3 May 2002

4 May 2007

(2)

Hubert Ingraham(1947–)

4 May 2007

8 May 2012

(3)

Perry Christie(1943–)

8 May 2012

11 May 2017

4

Hubert Minnis(1954–)

11 May 2017

Incumbent

text: Barbados[edit]

text: Barbados became independent on 30 November 1966 with Errol Barrow as the first prime minister. Barrow had previously been Premier of Barbados.

text:
№

Portrait

Name(Birth–Death)

Tenure

Took office

Left office

1

Errol Barrow(1920–1987)

30 November 1966

8 September 1976

2

J.M.G.M. 'Tom' Adams(1931–1985)

8 September 1976

11 March 1985

3

Harold Bernard St. John(1931–2004)

11 March 1985

29 May 1986

(1)

Errol Barrow(1920–1987)

29 May 1986

1 June 1987

4

Lloyd Erskine Sandiford(1937–)

1 June 1987

7 September 1994

5

Owen Arthur(1945–)

7 September 1994

16 January 2008

6

David Thompson(1961–2010)

16 January 2008

23 October 2010

7

Freundel Stuart(1951–)

23 October 2010

25 May 2018

8

Mia Mottley(1965–)

25 May 2018

Incumbent

text: Belize[edit]

text: Belize became independent on 21 September 1981 with George Cadle Price as the first prime minister. Price had previously been Premier of Belize.

text:
№

Portrait

Name(Birth–Death)

Tenure

Took office

Left office

1

George Cadle Price(1919–2011)

21 September 1981

17 December 1984

2

Manuel Esquivel(1940–)

17 December 1984

7 November 1989

(1)

George Cadle Price(1919–2011)

7 November 1989

3 July 1993

(2)

Manuel Esquivel(1940–)

3 July 1993

28 August 1998

3

Said Musa(1944–)

28 August 1998

8 February 2008

4

Dean Barrow(1951–)

8 February 2008

Incumbent

text: Canada[edit]

text: Louis St. Laurent was the incumbent Prime Minister of Canada when Elizabeth became queen.

text:
№

Portrait

Name(Birth–Death)

Tenure

Took office

Left office

1

Louis St. Laurent(1882–1973)

15 November 1948

21 June 1957

2

John Diefenbaker(1895–1979)

21 June 1957

22 April 1963

3

Lester B. Pearson(1897–1972)

22 April 1963

20 April 1968

4

Pierre Trudeau(1919–2000)

20 April 1968

4 June 1979

5

Joe Clark(1939–)

4 June 1979

3 March 1980

(4)

Pierre Trudeau(1919–2000)

3 March 1980

30 June 1984

6

John Turner(1929–)

30 June 1984

17 September 1984

7

Brian Mulroney(1939–)

17 September 1984

25 June 1993

8

Kim Campbell(1947–)

25 June 1993

4 November 1993

9

Jean Chrétien(1934–)

4 November 1993

12 December 2003

10

Paul Martin(1938–)

12 December 2003

6 February 2006

11

Stephen Harper(1959–)

6 February 2006

4 November 2015

12

Justin Trudeau(1971–)

4 November 2015

Incumbent

text: Grenada[edit]

text: Grenada became independent on 7 February 1974 with Eric Gairy as the first prime minister. Gairy had previously been Premier of Grenada.

text:
№

Portrait

Name(Birth–Death)

Tenure

Took office

Left office

1

Sir Eric Gairy(1922–1997)

7 February 1974

13 March 1979

2

Maurice Bishop(1943–1983)N2

13 March 1979

19 October 1983

3

Herbert Blaize(1918–1999)

4 December 1984

19 December 1989

4

Ben Jones(1924–2005)

19 December 1989

16 March 1990

5

Nicholas Brathwaite(1925–2016)

16 March 1990

1 February 1995

6

George Brizan(1942–2012)

1 February 1995

22 June 1995

7

Keith Mitchell(1946–)

22 June 1995

9 July 2008

8

Tillman Thomas(1947–)

9 July 2008

20 February 2013

(7)

Keith Mitchell(1946–)

20 February 2013

Incumbent

text: Jamaica[edit]

text: Jamaica became independent on 6 August 1962 with Alexander Bustamante as the first prime minister. Bustamante had previously been Premier of Jamaica.

text:
№

Portrait

Name(Birth–Death)

Tenure

Took office

Left office

1

Sir Alexander Bustamante(1884–1977)

6 August 1962

23 February 1967

2

Sir Donald Sangster(1911–1967)

23 February 1967

11 April 1967

3

Hugh Shearer(1923–2004)

11 April 1967

2 March 1972

4

Michael Manley(1924–1997)

2 March 1972

1 November 1980

5

Edward Seaga(1930–)

1 November 1980

10 February 1989

(4)

Michael Manley(1924–1997)

10 February 1989

30 March 1992

6

P. J. Patterson(1935–)

30 March 1992

30 March 2006

7

Portia Simpson-Miller(1945–)

30 March 2006

11 September 2007

8

Bruce Golding(1947–)

11 September 2007

23 October 2011

9

Andrew Holness(1972–)

23 October 2011

5 January 2012

(7)

Portia Simpson-Miller(1945–)

5 January 2012

3 March 2016

(9)

Andrew Holness(1972–)

3 March 2016

Incumbent

text: New Zealand[edit]

text: Sidney Holland was the incumbent Prime Minister of New Zealand when Elizabeth became queen.

text:
№

Portrait

Name(Birth–Death)

Tenure

Took office

Left office

1

Sir Sidney Holland(1893–1961)

13 December 1949

20 September 1957

2

Sir Keith Holyoake(1904–1983)

20 September 1957

12 December 1957

3

Sir Walter Nash(1882–1968)

12 December 1957

12 December 1960

(2)

Sir Keith Holyoake(1904–1983)

12 December 1960

7 February 1972

4

Sir Jack Marshall(1912–1988)

7 February 1972

8 December 1972

5

Norman Kirk(1923–1974)

8 December 1972

31 August 1974†

6

Sir Bill Rowling(1927–1995)

6 September 1974

12 December 1975

7

Sir Robert Muldoon(1921–1992)

12 December 1975

26 July 1984

8

David Lange(1942–2005)

26 July 1984

8 August 1989

9

Sir Geoffrey Palmer(1942–)

8 August 1989

4 September 1990

10

Mike Moore(1949–)

4 September 1990

2 November 1990

11

Jim Bolger(1935–)

2 November 1990

8 December 1997

12

Dame Jenny Shipley(1952–)

8 December 1997

5 December 1999

13

Helen Clark(1950–)

5 December 1999

19 November 2008

14

Sir John Key(1961–)

19 November 2008

12 December 2016

15

Sir Bill English(1961–)

12 December 2016

26 October 2017

16

Jacinda Ardern(1980–)

26 October 2017

Incumbent

text: Papua New Guinea[edit]

text: Papua New Guinea became independent on 16 September 1975 with Michael Somare as the first prime minister. Somare had previously been Chief Minister of the Papua New Guinea.

text:
№

Portrait

Name(Birth–Death)

Tenure

Took office

Left office

1

Michael Somare(1936–)

16 September 1975

11 March 1980

2

Sir Julius Chan(1939–)

11 March 1980

2 August 1982

(1)

Michael Somare(1936–)

2 August 1982

21 November 1985

3

Paias Wingti(1951–)

21 November 1985

4 July 1988

4

Rabbie Namaliu(1947–)

4 July 1988

17 July 1992

(3)

Paias Wingti(1951–)

17 July 1992

30 August 1994

(2)

Sir Julius Chan(1939–)

30 August 1994

27 March 1997

N/A

John Giheno(1950–2017)Acting Prime MinisterN3

27 March 1997

2 June 1997

(2)

Sir Julius Chan(1939–)

2 June 1997

22 July 1997

5

Bill Skate(1953–2006)

22 July 1997

14 July 1999

6

Sir Mekere Morauta(1946–)

14 July 1999

5 August 2002

(1)

Sir Michael Somare(1936–)N4

5 August 2002

2 August 2011 / 3 August 2012N5

7

Peter O'Neill(1965–)

2 August 2011 / 3 August 2012N5

Incumbent

text: Saint Kitts and Nevis[edit]

text: Saint Kitts and Nevis became independent on 19 September 1983 with Kennedy Simmonds as the first prime minister. Simmonds had previously been Premier of Saint Kitts and Nevis.

text:
№

Portrait

Name(Birth–Death)

Tenure

Took office

Left office

1

Kennedy Simmonds(1936–)

19 September 1983

7 July 1995

2

Denzil Douglas(1953–)

7 July 1995

18 February 2015

3

Timothy Harris(1964–)

18 February 2015

Incumbent

text: Saint Lucia[edit]

text: Saint Lucia became independent on 22 February 1979 with John Compton as the first prime minister. Compton had previously been Premier of Saint Lucia.

text:
№

Portrait

Name(Birth–Death)

Tenure

Took office

Left office

1

John Compton(1925–2007)

22 February 1979

2 July 1979

2

Allan Louisy(1916–2011)

2 July 1979

4 May 1981

3

Winston Cenac(1925–2004)

4 May 1981

17 January 1982

N/A

Michael Pilgrim(1947–)Acting Prime Minister

17 January 1982

3 May 1982

(1)

Sir John Compton(1925–2007)

3 May 1982

2 April 1996

4

Vaughan Lewis(1940–)

2 April 1996

24 May 1997

5

Kenny Anthony(1951–)

24 May 1997

15 December 2006

(1)

Sir John Compton(1925–2007)

15 December 2006

7 September 2007

6

Stephenson King(1958–)

7 September 2007

30 November 2011

(5)

Kenny Anthony(1951–)

30 November 2011

7 June 2016

7

Allen Chastanet(1960-)

7 June 2016

Incumbent

text: Saint Vincent and the Grenadines[edit]

text: Saint Vincent and the Grenadines became independent on 27 October 1979 with Milton Cato as the first prime minister. Cato had previously been Premier of Saint Vincent.

text:
№

Portrait

Name(Birth–Death)

Tenure

Took office

Left office

1

Milton Cato(1915–1997)

27 October 1979

30 July 1984

2

Sir James Fitz-Allen Mitchell(1931–)

30 July 1984

27 October 2000

3

Arnhim Eustace(1944–)

27 October 2000

29 March 2001

4

Ralph Gonsalves(1946–)

29 March 2001

Incumbent

text: Solomon Islands[edit]

text: The Solomon Islands became independent on 7 July 1978 with Peter Kenilorea as the first prime minister.

text:
№

Portrait

Name(Birth–Death)

Tenure

Took office

Left office

1

Peter Kenilorea(1943–2016)

7 July 1978

31 August 1981

2

Solomon Mamaloni(1943–2000)

31 August 1981

19 November 1984

(1)

Sir Peter Kenilorea(1943–2016)

19 November 1984

1 December 1986

3

Ezekiel Alebua(1947–)

1 December 1986

28 March 1989

(2)

Solomon Mamaloni(1943–2000)

28 March 1989

18 June 1993

4

Francis Billy Hilly(1948–)

18 June 1993

7 November 1994

(2)

Solomon Mamaloni(1943–2000)

7 November 1994

27 August 1997

5

Bartholomew Ulufa'alu(1950–2007)

27 August 1997

30 June 2000

6

Manasseh Sogavare(1955–)

30 June 2000

17 December 2001

7

Sir Allan Kemakeza(1950–)

17 December 2001

20 April 2006

8

Snyder Rini(1949–)

20 April 2006

4 May 2006

(6)

Manasseh Sogavare(1955–)

4 May 2006

20 December 2007

9

Derek Sikua(1959–)

20 December 2007

25 August 2010

10

Danny Philip(1953–)

25 August 2010

16 November 2011

11

Gordon Darcy Lilo(1965–)

16 November 2011

9 December 2014

(6)

Manasseh Sogavare(1955–)

9 December 2014

15 November 2017

12

Rick Houenipwela(1958-)

15 November 2017

Incumbent

text: Tuvalu[edit]

text: Tuvalu became independent on 1 October 1978 with Toaripi Lauti as the first prime minister. Lauti had previously been Chief Minister of Tuvalu.

text:
№

Portrait

Name(Birth–Death)

Tenure

Took office

Left office

1

Toaripi Lauti(1928–2014)

1 October 1978

8 September 1981

2

Tomasi Puapua(1938–)

8 September 1981

16 October 1989

3

Bikenibeu Paeniu(1956–)

16 October 1989

10 December 1993

4

Kamuta Latasi(1936–)

10 December 1993

24 December 1996

(3)

Bikenibeu Paeniu(1956–)

24 December 1996

27 April 1999

5

Ionatana Ionatana(1938–2000)

27 April 1999

8 December 2000

N/A

Lagitupu TuilimuActing Prime MinisterN6

8 December 2000

24 February 2001

6

Faimalaga Luka(1940–2005)

24 February 2001

14 December 2001

7

Koloa Talake(1934–2008)

14 December 2001

24 August 2002

8

Saufatu Sopoanga(1952–)

24 August 2002

25 August 2004

9

Maatia Toafa(1954–)

11 October 2004

14 August 2006

10

Apisai Ielemia(1955–)

14 August 2006

29 September 2010

(9)

Maatia Toafa(1954–)

29 September 2010

24 December 2010

11

Willy Telavi(1954–)

24 December 2010

1 August 2013

12

Enele Sopoaga(1956–)N7

5 August 2013

Incumbent

text: United Kingdom[edit]

text: Winston Churchill was the incumbent Prime Minister of the United Kingdom when Elizabeth became queen.

text:
№

Portrait

Name(Birth–Death)

Tenure

Took office

Left office

1

Sir Winston Churchill(1874–1965)

26 October 1951

7 April 1955

2

Sir Anthony Eden(1897–1977)

7 April 1955

10 January 1957

3

Harold Macmillan(1894–1986)

10 January 1957

18 October 1963

4

Sir Alec Douglas-Home(1903–1995)

18 October 1963

16 October 1964

5

Harold Wilson(1916–1995)

16 October 1964

19 June 1970

6

Edward Heath(1916–2005)

19 June 1970

4 March 1974

(5)

Harold Wilson(1916–1995)

4 March 1974

5 April 1976

7

James Callaghan(1912–2005)

5 April 1976

4 May 1979

8

Margaret Thatcher(1925–2013)

4 May 1979

28 November 1990

9

Sir John Major(1943–)

28 November 1990

2 May 1997

10

Tony Blair(1953–)

2 May 1997

27 June 2007

11

Gordon Brown(1951–)

27 June 2007

11 May 2010

12

David Cameron(1966–)

11 May 2010

13 July 2016

13

Theresa May(1956–)

13 July 2016

Incumbent

text: Prime ministers of former realms[edit]

text: This section lists prime ministers during Elizabeth's reign of former states that became republics during her reign. Where an office of prime minister remained after the transition, and the incumbent at the time of transition remained in that office, the date of the end of that period in office is given in the tables below.

text: Ceylon[edit]

text: D. S. Senanayake was the incumbent prime minister of Ceylon when Elizabeth became queen.

text:
№

Portrait

Name(Birth–Death)

Tenure

Took office

Left office

1

D. S. Senanayake(1883–1952)

24 September 1947

22 March 1952

2

Dudley Senanayake(1911–1973)

26 March 1952

12 October 1953

3

Sir John Kotelawala(1895–1980)

12 October 1953

12 April 1956

4

S. W. R. D. Bandaranaike(1899–1959)

12 April 1956

26 September 1959

5

Wijeyananda Dahanayake(1901–1997)

26 September 1959

20 March 1960

(2)

Dudley Senanayake(1911–1973)

21 March 1960

21 July 1960

6

Sirimavo Bandaranaike(1916–2000)

21 July 1960

27 March 1965

(2)

Dudley Senanayake(1911–1973)

27 March 1965

29 May 1970

(6)

Sirimavo Bandaranaike(1916–2000)

29 May 1970

23 July 1977

text: Ceylon abolished the monarchy on 22 May 1972 and renamed the Democratic Socialist Republic of Sri Lanka. Bandaranaike remained in office as the republic's first prime minister until 23 July 1977.

text: Fiji[edit]

text: Fiji became independent on 10 October 1970 with Kamisese Mara as the first prime minister. Mara had previously been Chief Minister of Fiji.

text:
№

Portrait

Name(Birth–Death)

Tenure

Took office

Left office

1

Ratu Sir Kamisese Mara(1920–2004)

10 October 1970

13 April 1987

2

Timoci Bavadra(1934–1989)

13 April 1987

14 May 1987

text: Following the 1987 Fijian coups d'état (which resulted in a vacancy in the premiership until December 1987), on 7 October 1987, the new ruling regime declared the nation to have become the Republic of Fiji. Fiji's relationship with the monarchy after this transition is complex (see Monarchy of Fiji).

text: Gambia[edit]

text: The Gambia became independent on 18 February 1965 with Dawda Jawara as the first prime minister. Jawara had previously been prime minister of the self-governing Gambia.

text:
№

Portrait

Name(Birth–Death)

Tenure

Took office

Left office

1

Sir Dawda Jawara(1924–)

6 March 1965

24 April 1970

text: The Gambia abolished the monarchy on 24 April 1970, via referendum. Jawara became President of the Gambia on the same day as the post of prime minister was abolished.

text: Ghana[edit]

text: Ghana became independent on 15 August 1957, with Kwame Nkrumah as its first prime minister. Nkrumah had previously been prime minister of the self-governing Gold Coast.

text:
№

Portrait

Name(Birth–Death)

Tenure

Took office

Left office

1

Kwame Nkrumah(1909–1972)

15 August 1957

1 July 1960

text: Ghana abolished the monarchy on 1 July 1960, via referendum. Nkrumah became President of Ghana on the same day as the post of prime minister was abolished.

text: Guyana[edit]

text: Guyana became independent on 26 May 1966, with Forbes Burnham as its first prime minister. Burnham had previously been Premier of British Guiana.

text:
№

Portrait

Name(Birth–Death)

Tenure

Took office

Left office

1

Forbes Burnham(1923–1985)

26 May 1966

6 October 1980

text: Guyana abolished the monarchy on 23 February 1970. Burnham remained in office as the republic's first prime minister until 6 October 1980.

text: Kenya[edit]

text: Kenya became independent on 12 December 1963, with Jomo Kenyatta becoming the first prime minister. Kenyatta had previously been prime minister of self-governing Kenya.

text:
№

Portrait

Name(Birth–Death)

Tenure

Took office

Left office

1

Jomo Kenyatta(1891–1978)

12 December 1963

12 December 1964

text: Kenya abolished the monarchy on 12 December 1964. Kenyatta became President of Kenya as the post of prime minister was abolished.

text: Malawi[edit]

text: Malawi became independent on 6 July 1964, with Hastings Banda as prime minister. Banda had previously been prime minister of self-governing Nyasaland.

text:
№

Portrait

Name(Birth–Death)

Tenure

Took office

Left office

1

Hastings Banda(1898–1997)

6 July 1964

6 July 1966

text: Malawi abolished the monarchy on 6 July 1966. Banda became President of Malawi as the post of prime minister was abolished.

text: Malta[edit]

text: The Crown Colony of Malta became independent as the State of Malta on 21 September 1964 with George Borg Olivier as prime minister. Olivier had previously been the colony's prime minister.

text:
№

Portrait

Name(Birth–Death)

Tenure

Took office

Left office

1

George Borg Olivier(1911–1980)

21 September 1964

21 June 1971

2

Dom Mintoff(1916–2012)

21 June 1971

22 December 1984

text: Malta abolished the monarchy on 13 December 1974 and became the current Republic of Malta, a republic within the Commonwealth. Mintoff remained in office as the republic's first prime minister until 22 December 1984.

text: Mauritius[edit]

text: Mauritius became independent on 12 March 1968, with Seewoosagur Ramgoolam becoming the first prime minister. Ramgoolam had previously been Chief Minister of Mauritius.

text:
№

Portrait

Name(Birth–Death)

Tenure

Took office

Left office

1

Sir Seewoosagur Ramgoolam(1899–1985)

12 March 1968

30 June 1982

2

Sir Anerood Jugnauth(1930–)

30 June 1982

15 December 1995

text: Mauritius abolished the monarchy on 12 March 1992. Jugnauth remained in office as the republic's prime minister until 15 December 1995.

text: Nigeria[edit]

text: The Federation of Nigeria became independent on 1 October 1960, with Abubakar Tafawa Balewa becoming the first Prime Minister of Nigeria. Balewa had previously been Chief Minister of the Colony and Protectorate of Nigeria.

text:
№

Portrait

Name(Birth–Death)

Tenure

Took office

Left office

1

Sir Abubakar Tafawa Balewa(1912–1966)

1 October 1960

15 January 1966

text: Nigeria became the Federal Republic of Nigeria on 1 October 1963. Balewa remained in office as the republic's prime minister until his overthrow and assassination in the 1966 Nigerian coup d'état on 15 January 1966.

text: Pakistan[edit]

text: Khawaja Nazimuddin was the incumbent Prime Minister of Pakistan when Elizabeth became queen.

text:
№

Portrait

Name(Birth–Death)

Tenure

Took office

Left office

1

Sir Khawaja Nazimuddin(1894–1964)

17 October 1951

17 April 1953

2

Mohammad Ali Bogra(1909–1963)

17 April 1953

12 August 1955

3

Chaudhry Muhammad Ali(1905–1980)

12 August 1955

12 September 1956

text: Pakistan abolished the monarchy on 23 March 1956. Ali remained in office as the republic's first prime minister until 12 September 1956.

text: Sierra Leone[edit]

text: Sierra Leone became independent on 27 April 1961, with Milton Margai as the first prime minister. Margai had previously been Prime Minister of the Protectorate of Sierra Leone.

text:
№

Portrait

Name(Birth–Death)

Tenure

Took office

Left office

1

Sir Milton Margai(1895–1964)

27 April 1961

28 April 1964

2

Sir Albert Margai(1910–1980)

28 April 1964

21 March 1967

3

Siaka Stevens(1905–1988)

(See below)

(See below)

text: Siaka Stevens assumed the role of prime minister following his party's narrow victory in the 1967 general election. However, immediately after taking office, Stevens was deposed by the National Reformation Council in a coup d'état and placed under house arrest. Military rule persisted until an April 1968 counter-coup restored Stevens' premiership.[29]

text: Sierra Leone became the Republic of Sierra Leone on 19 April 1971. Stevens left the office of prime minister two days later and became President of Sierra Leone.

text: South Africa[edit]

text: Daniel François Malan was the incumbent prime minister of the Union of South Africa when Elizabeth became queen.

text:
№

Portrait

Name(Birth–Death)

Tenure

Took office

Left office

1

Daniel François Malan(1874–1959)

4 June 1948

30 November 1954

2

Johannes Gerhardus Strijdom(1893–1958)

30 November 1954

24 August 1958

3

Hendrik Verwoerd(1901–1966)

24 August 1958

6 September 1966

text: Following a referendum, South Africa abolished the monarchy on 31 May 1961, becoming the Republic of South Africa. Verwoerd remained in office as the republic's first prime minister until 6 September 1966.

text: Tanganyika[edit]

text: Tanganyika became independent on 9 December 1961, with Julius Nyerere as its first prime minister. Nyerere had previously been the prime minister of self-governing Tanganyika.

text:
№

Portrait

Name(Birth–Death)

Tenure

Took office

Left office

1

Julius Nyerere(1922–1999)

9 December 1961

22 January 1962

2

Rashidi Kawawa(1926–2009)

22 January 1962

9 December 1962

text: Tanganyika abolished the monarchy on 9 December 1962. The post of prime minister was abolished.

text: Trinidad and Tobago[edit]

text: Trinidad and Tobago became independent on 31 August 1962, with Eric Williams as its first prime minister. Williams had previously been Chief Minister and Premier of Trinidad and Tobago.

text:
№

Portrait

Name(Birth–Death)

Tenure

Took office

Left office

1

Eric Williams(1911–1981)

31 August 1962

29 March 1981

text: Trinidad and Tobago abolished the monarchy on 1 August 1976. Williams remained in office as the republic's first prime minister until 29 March 1981.

text: Uganda[edit]

text: Uganda became independent on 9 October 1962 with Milton Obote as the first prime minister. Obote had previously been the prime minister of self-governing Uganda.

text:
№

Portrait

Name(Birth–Death)

Tenure

Took office

Left office

1

Milton Obote(1925–2005)

9 October 1962

15 April 1966

text: Uganda abolished the monarchyN8 on 9 October 1963. Obote remained in office as the republic's first prime minister until 15 April 1966.

text: Anomalous cases[edit]