document_title: Pelé

question_text: how many goals did pele score for santos

question_tokens: how many goals did pele score for santos

text: Pelé

text: Early years

text: Pelé was born Edson Arantes do Nascimento on 23 October 1940, in Três Corações, Minas Gerais, Brazil, the son of Fluminense footballer Dondinho (born João Ramos do Nascimento) and Celeste Arantes. He was the elder of two siblings.[1] He was named after the American inventor Thomas Edison.[2] His parents decided to remove the "i" and call him "Edson", but there was a mistake on the birth certificate, leading many documents to show his name as "Edison", not "Edson", as he is called.[2][3] He was originally nicknamed "Dico" by his family.[1][4] He received the nickname "Pelé" during his school days, when it is claimed he was given it because of his pronunciation of the name of his favorite player, local Vasco da Gama goalkeeper Bilé, which he misspoke but the more he complained the more it stuck. In his autobiography, Pelé stated he had no idea what the name means, nor did his old friends.[1] Apart from the assertion that the name is derived from that of Bilé, and that it is Hebrew for "miracle" (פֶּ֫לֶא), the word has no known meaning in Portuguese.[note 1][5]

text: Pelé grew up in poverty in Bauru in the state of São Paulo. He earned extra money by working in tea shops as a servant. Taught to play by his father, he could not afford a proper football and usually played with either a sock stuffed with newspaper and tied with a string or a grapefruit.[6][1] He played for several amateur teams in his youth, including Sete de Setembro, Canto do Rio, São Paulinho, and Amériquinha.[7] Pelé led Bauru Athletic Club juniors (coached by Waldemar de Brito) to two São Paulo state youth championships.[8] In his mid-teens, he played for an indoor football team called Radium. Indoor football had just become popular in Bauru when Pelé began playing it. He was part of the first Futebol de Salão (indoor football) competition in the region. Pelé and his team won the first championship and several others.[9]

text: According to Pelé, indoor football presented difficult challenges; he said it was a lot quicker than football on the grass and that players were required to think faster because everyone is close to each other in the pitch. Pelé accredits indoor football for helping him think better on the spot. In addition, indoor football allowed him to play with adults when he was about 14 years old. In one of the tournaments he participated, he was initially considered too young to play, but eventually went on to end up top scorer with fourteen or fifteen goals. "That gave me a lot of confidence", Pelé said, "I knew then not to be afraid of whatever might come".[9]

text: Club career

text: Santos

text: In 1956, de Brito took Pelé to Santos, an industrial and port city located near São Paulo, to try out for professional club Santos FC, telling the directors at Santos that the 15-year-old would be "the greatest football player in the world."[10] Pelé impressed Santos coach Lula during his trial at the Estádio Vila Belmiro, and he signed a professional contract with the club in June 1956.[11] Pelé was highly promoted in the local media as a future superstar. He made his senior team debut on 7 September 1956 at the age of 15 against Corinthians Santo Andre and had an impressive performance in a 7–1 victory, scoring the first goal in his prolific career during the match.[12][13]

text: When the 1957 season started, Pelé was given a starting place in the first team and, at the age of 16, became the top scorer in the league. Ten months after signing professionally, the teenager was called up to the Brazil national team. After the 1962 World Cup, wealthy European clubs such as Real Madrid, Juventus and Manchester United tried to sign him, but the government of Brazil under President Jânio Quadros had declared Pelé an "official national treasure" the year before to prevent him from being transferred out of the country.[6][14]

text: Pelé won his first major title with Santos in 1958 as the team won the Campeonato Paulista; Pelé would finish the tournament as top scorer with 58 goals,[15] a record that stands today. A year later, he would help the team earn their first victory in the Torneio Rio-São Paulo with a 3–0 over Vasco da Gama.[16] However, Santos was unable to retain the Paulista title. In 1960, Pelé scored 33 goals to help his team regain the Campeonato Paulista trophy but lost out on the Rio-São Paulo tournament after finishing in 8th place.[17] In the 1960 season, Pelé scored 47 goals and helped Santos regain the Campeonato Paulista. The club went on to win the Taça Brasil that same year, beating Bahia in the finals; Pelé finished as top scorer of the tournament with 9 goals. The victory allowed Santos to participate in the Copa Libertadores, the most prestigious club tournament in the Western hemisphere.[18]

text:
"I arrived hoping to stop a great man, but I went away convinced I had been undone by someone who was not born on the same planet as the rest of us."
—Benfica goalkeeper Costa Pereira following the loss to Santos in 1962.[19]

tag: div

text:
Santos's most successful Copa Libertadores season started in 1962;[20]  the team was seeded in Group One alongside Cerro Porteño and Deportivo Municipal Bolivia, winning every match of their group but one (a 1–1 away tie versus Cerro). Santos defeated Universidad Católica in the semifinals and met defending champions Peñarol in the finals. Pelé scored twice in the playoff match to secure the first title for a Brazilian club.[21] Pelé finished as the second top scorer of the competition with four goals. That same year, Santos would successfully defend the Campeonato Brasileiro (with 37 goals from Pelé) and the Taça Brasil (Pelé scoring four goals in the final series against Botafogo). Santos would also win the 1962 Intercontinental Cup against Benfica.[22] Wearing his number 10 shirt, Pelé produced one of the best performances of his career, scoring a hat-trick in Lisbon as Santos won 5–2.[23][24]
As the defending champions, Santos qualified automatically to the semi-final stage of the 1963 Copa Libertadores. The ballet blanco, the nickname given to Santos for Pelé, managed to retain the title after victories over Botafogo and Boca Juniors. Pelé helped Santos overcome a Botafogo team that contained Brazilian legends such as Garrincha and Jairzinho with a last-minute goal in the first leg of the semi-finals which made it 1–1. In the second leg, Pelé scored a hat-trick in the Estádio do Maracanã as Santos won, 0–4, in the second leg. Santos started the final series by winning, 3–2, in the first leg and defeating Boca Juniors 1–2, in La Bombonera. It was a rare feat in official competitions, with another goal from Pelé.[25] Santos became the first (and to date the only) Brazilian team to lift the Copa Libertadores in Argentine soil. Pelé finished the tournament with 5 goals. Santos lost the Campeonato Paulista after finishing in third place but went on to win the Rio-São Paulo tournament after a 0–3 win over Flamengo in the final, with Pelé scoring one goal. Pelé would also help Santos retain the Intercontinental Cup and the Taça Brasil against Milan and Bahia respectively.[22]

text: In the 1964 Copa Libertadores, Santos were beaten in both legs of the semi-finals by Independiente. The club won the Campeonato Paulista, with Pelé netting 34 goals. Santos also shared the Rio-São Paulo title with Botafogo and won the Taça Brasil for the fourth consecutive year. In the 1965 Copa Libertadores, Santos reached the semi-finals and met Peñarol in a rematch of the 1962 final. After two matches, a playoff was needed to break the tie.[26] Unlike 1962, Peñarol came out on top and eliminated Santos 2–1.[26] Pelé would, however, finish as the topscorer of the tournament with eight goals.[27] This proved to be the start of a decline as Santos failed to retain the Torneio Rio-São Paulo. In 1966, Pelé and Santos also failed to retain the Taça Brasil as Pelé's goals were not enough to prevent a 9–4 defeat by Cruzeiro (led by Tostão) in the final series. The club did, however, win the Campeonato Paulista in 1967, 1968 and 1969. On 19 November 1969, Pelé scored his 1000th goal in all competitions, in what was a highly anticipated moment in Brazil. The goal, popularly dubbed O Milésimo (The Thousandth), occurred in a match against Vasco da Gama, when Pelé scored from a penalty kick, at the Maracanã Stadium.[28]

text: Pelé states that his most memorable goal was scored at Rua Javari stadium on a Campeonato Paulista match against São Paulo rival Clube Atlético Juventus on 2 August 1959. As there is no video footage of this match, Pelé asked that a computer animation be made of this specific goal.[29] In March 1961, Pelé scored the gol de placa (goal worthy of a plaque), against Fluminense at the Maracanã.[30] Pelé received the ball on the edge of his own penalty area, and ran the length of the field, eluding opposition players with feints, before striking the ball beyond the goalkeeper.[30] A plaque was commissioned with a dedication to "the most beautiful goal in the history of the Maracanã".[31]

text: In 1967, the two factions involved in the Nigerian Civil War agreed to a 48-hour ceasefire so they could watch Pelé play an exhibition game in Lagos.[32] During his time at Santos, Pelé played alongside many gifted players, including Zito, Pepe, and Coutinho; the latter partnered him in numerous one-two plays, attacks, and goals.[33]

text: New York Cosmos

text: After the 1974 season (his 19th with Santos), Pelé retired from Brazilian club football although he continued to occasionally play for Santos in official competitive matches. Two years later, he came out of semi-retirement to sign with the New York Cosmos of the North American Soccer League (NASL) for the 1975 season. Though well past his prime at this point, Pelé was credited with significantly increasing public awareness and interest of the sport in the United States. Hoping to fuel the same kind of awareness in the Dominican Republic, he and the Cosmos team played in an exhibition match against Haitian team, Violette AC, in the Santo Domingo Olympic Stadium on 3 June 1976, where over 25,000 fans watched him score a winning goal in the last seconds of the match, leading the Cosmos to a 2–1 victory.[34] He led the Cosmos to the 1977 NASL championship, in his third and final season with the club.[35]

text: On 1 October 1977, Pelé closed out his career in an exhibition match between the Cosmos and Santos. Santos arrived in New York after previously defeating the Seattle Sounders in New Jersey, 2–0. The match was played in front of a sold out crowd at Giants Stadium and was televised in the United States on ABC's Wide World of Sports as well as throughout the world. Pelé's father and wife both attended the match, as well as Muhammad Ali and Bobby Moore.[36]

text: International career

text: Pelé's first international match was a 2–1 defeat against Argentina on 7 July 1957 at the Maracanã.[37][38] In that match, he scored his first goal for Brazil aged 16 years and nine months, and he remains the youngest goalscorer for his country.[39][40]

text: 1958 World Cup

text: Pelé arrived in Sweden sidelined by a knee injury but on his return from the treatment room, his colleagues stood together and insisted upon his selection.[41] His first match was against the USSR in the third match of the first round of the 1958 FIFA World Cup, where he gave the assist to Vavá's second goal.[42] He was the youngest player of that tournament, and at the time the youngest ever to play in the World Cup.[note 2][38] Against France in the semifinal, Brazil was leading 2–1 at halftime, and then Pelé scored a hat-trick, becoming the youngest in World Cup history to do so.[44]

text: On 29 June 1958, Pelé became the youngest player to play in a World Cup final match at 17 years and 249 days. He scored two goals in that final as Brazil beat Sweden 5–2 in Stockholm, the capital. His first goal where he flicked the ball over a defender before volleying into the corner of the net, was selected as one of the best goals in the history of the World Cup.[45] Following Pelé's second goal, Swedish player Sigvard Parling would later comment; "When Pelé scored the fifth goal in that Final, I have to be honest and say I felt like applauding".[46] When the match ended, Pelé passed out on the field, and was revived by Garrincha.[47] He then recovered, and was compelled by the victory to weep as he was being congratulated by his teammates. He finished the tournament with six goals in four matches played, tied for second place, behind record-breaker Just Fontaine, and was named best young player of the tournament.[48]

text: It was in the 1958 World Cup that Pelé began wearing a jersey with number 10. The event was the result of disorganization: the leaders of the Brazilian Federation did not send the shirt numbers of players and it was up to FIFA to choose the number 10 shirt to Pelé who was a substitute on the occasion.[49] The press proclaimed Pelé the greatest revelation of the 1958 World Cup, and he was also retroactively given the Silver Ball as the second best player of the tournament, behind Didi.[46]

text: South American Championship

text: Pelé also played in the South American Championship. In the 1959 competition he was named best player of the tournament and was top scorer with 8 goals, as Brazil came second despite being unbeaten in the tournament.[46][50] He scored in five of Brazil’s six games, including two goals against Chile and a hat-trick against Paraguay.[51]

text: 1962 World Cup

text: When the 1962 World Cup started, Pelé was the best rated player in the world.[52] In the first match of the 1962 World Cup in Chile, against Mexico, Pelé assisted the first goal and then scored the second one, after a run past four defenders, to go up 2–0.[53] He injured himself in the next game while attempting a long-range shot against Czechoslovakia.[54] This would keep him out of the rest of the tournament, and forced coach Aymoré Moreira to make his only lineup change of the tournament. The substitute was Amarildo, who performed well for the rest of the tournament. However, it was Garrincha who would take the leading role and carry Brazil to their second World Cup title, after beating Czechoslovakia at the final in  Santiago.[55]

text: 1966 World Cup

text: Pelé was the most famous footballer in the world during the 1966 World Cup in England, and Brazil fielded some world champions like Garrincha, Gilmar and Djalma Santos with the addition of other stars like Jairzinho, Tostão and Gérson, leading to high expectations for them.[56] Brazil was eliminated in the first round, playing only three matches.[56] The World Cup was marked, among other things, for brutal fouls on Pelé that left him injured by the Bulgarian and Portuguese defenders.[57]

text: Pelé scored the first goal from a free kick against Bulgaria, becoming the first player to score in three successive FIFA World Cups, but due to his injury, a result of persistent fouling by the Bulgarians, he missed the second game against Hungary.[56] Brazil lost that game and Pelé, although still recovering, was brought back for the last crucial match against Portugal at Goodison Park in Liverpool by the Brazilian coach Vicente Feola. Feola changed the entire defense, including the goalkeeper, while in midfield he returned to the formation of the first match. During the game, Portugal defender João Morais fouled Pelé, but was not sent off by referee George McCabe; a decision retrospectively viewed as being among the worst refereeing errors in World Cup history.[58] Pelé had to stay on the field limping for the rest of the game, since substitutes were not allowed at that time.[58] After this game he vowed he would never again play in the World Cup, a decision he would later change.[52]

text: 1970 World Cup

text: Pelé was called to the national team in early 1969, he refused at first, but then accepted and played in six World Cup qualifying matches, scoring six goals.[59] The 1970 World Cup in Mexico was expected to be Pelé's last. Brazil's squad for the tournament featured major changes in relation to the 1966 squad. Players like Garrincha, Nilton Santos, Valdir Pereira, Djalma Santos and Gilmar had already retired. However, Brazil's 1970 World Cup squad, which included players like Pelé, Rivelino, Jairzinho, Gérson, Carlos Alberto Torres, Tostão and Clodoaldo, is often considered to be the greatest football team in history.[60][61]

text: The front five of Jairzinho, Pelé, Gerson, Tostão and Rivelino together created an attacking momentum, with Pelé having a central role in Brazil's way to the final.[62] All of Brazil's matches in the tournament (except the final) were played in Guadalajara, and in the first match against Czechoslovakia, Pelé gave Brazil a 2–1 lead, by controlling Gerson's long pass with his chest and then scoring. In this match Pelé attempted to lob goalkeeper Ivo Viktor from the half-way line, only narrowly missing the Czechoslovak goal.[63] Brazil went on to win the match, 4–1. In the first half of the match against England, Pelé nearly scored with a header that was saved by the England goalkeeper Gordon Banks.[64] In the second half, he controlled a cross from Tostão before flicking the ball to Jairzinho who scored the only goal.[65]

text: Against Romania, Pelé scored two goals, with Brazil winning by a final score of 3–2. In the quarterfinals against  Peru, Brazil won 4–2, with Pelé assisting Tostão for Brazil's third goal. In their semi-final match, Brazil faced Uruguay for the first time since the 1950 World Cup final round match. Jairzinho put Brazil ahead 2–1, and Pelé assisted Rivelino for the 3–1. During that match, Pelé made one of his most famous plays.[63] Tostão passed the ball for Pelé to collect which Uruguay's goalkeeper Ladislao Mazurkiewicz took notice of and ran off his line to get the ball before Pelé. However, Pelé got there first and fooled Mazurkiewicz with a feint by not touching the ball, causing it to roll to the goalkeepers left, while Pelé went to the goalkeepers right. Pelé ran around the goalkeeper to retrieve the ball and took a shot while turning towards the goal, but he turned in excess as he shot, and the ball drifted just wide of the far post.[67]

text: Brazil played Italy in the final at the Azteca Stadium in Mexico City.[68] Pelé scored the opening goal with a header over Italian defender Tarcisio Burgnich. He then made assists on Brazil's third goal, scored by Jairzinho, and the fourth finished by Carlos Alberto. The last goal of the game is often considered the greatest team goal of all time because it involved all but two of the team's outfield players. The play culminated after Pelé made a blind pass that went into Carlos Alberto's running trajectory. He came running from behind and struck the ball to score.[69] Brazil won the match 4–1, keeping the Jules Rimet Trophy indefinitely, and Pelé received the Golden Ball as player of the tournament.[46][70] Burgnich, who marked Pelé during the final, was quoted saying "I told myself before the game, he's made of skin and bones just like everyone else — but I was wrong".[71]

text: Pelé's last international match was on 18 July 1971 against Yugoslavia in Rio de Janeiro. With Pelé on the field, the Brazilian team's record was 67 wins, 14 draws and 11 losses.[59] Brazil never lost a match while fielding both Pelé and Garrincha.[72]

text: Style of play

text: Pelé has also been known for connecting the phrase "The Beautiful Game" with football.[73] A prolific goalscorer, he was known for his ability to anticipate opponents in the area and finish off chances with an accurate and powerful shot with either foot.[32][74][75] Pelé was also a hard-working team-player, and a complete forward, with exceptional vision and intelligence, who was recognised for his precise passing, and ability to link-up with teammates and provide them with assists.[76][77][78]

text: In his early career, he played in a variety of attacking positions. Although he usually operated inside the penalty area as a main striker or centre-forward, his wide range of skills also allowed him to play in a more withdrawn role, as an inside forward or second striker, or out wide.[63][76][79] In his later career, he took on more of a deeper playmaking role behind the strikers, often functioning as an attacking midfielder.[80][81][82] Pelé's unique playing style combined speed, creativity, and technical skill with physical power, stamina, and athleticism. His excellent technique, balance, flair, agility, and dribbling skills enabled him to beat opponents with the ball, and frequently saw him use sudden changes of direction and elaborate feints in order to get past players, such as his trademark move, the drible da vaca.[63][79][83] Another one of his signature moves was the paradinha, or little stop.[note 3][84]

text: In spite of his relatively small stature, 5 feet 8 inches (1.73 m),[85] he excelled in the air, due to his heading accuracy and elevation.[74][77][83] Renowned for his bending shots, he was also an accurate free-kick taker, and penalty taker, although he often refrained from taking penalties, stating that he believed it to be a cowardly way to score.[86][87]

text: In addition to his abilities as a footballer, Pelé was also known to be a fair and highly influential player, who stood out for his charismatic leadership and sportsmanship on the pitch. He also earned a reputation for often being a decisive player for his teams, due to his tendency to score crucial goals in important matches.[88][89][90]

text: Reception and legacy

text:
"Pelé was one of the few who contradicted my theory: instead of 15 minutes of fame, he will have 15 centuries."
—Andy Warhol.[19]

text:
"My name is Ronald Reagan, I'm the President of the United States of America. But you don't need to introduce yourself, because everyone knows who Pelé is."
—US President Ronald Reagan, greeting Pelé at the White House.[19]

text: Pelé is one of the most lauded players in history and is frequently ranked the best player ever.[91][92][93] Among his contemporaries, Dutch star Johan Cruyff stated; "Pelé was the only footballer who surpassed the boundaries of logic."[19] Brazil's 1970 FIFA World Cup-winning captain Carlos Alberto Torres opined; "His great secret was improvisation. Those things he did were in one moment. He had an extraordinary perception of the game."[19] Tostão, his strike partner at the 1970 World Cup; "Pelé was the greatest – he was simply flawless. And off the pitch he is always smiling and upbeat. You never see him bad-tempered. He loves being Pelé."[19] His Brazilian teammate Clodoaldo commented on the adulation he witnessed; "In some countries they wanted to touch him, in some they wanted to kiss him. In others they even kissed the ground he walked on. I thought it was beautiful, just beautiful."[19]

text: Pelé is the greatest player of all time. He reigned supreme for 20 years. There's no one to compare with him.

text: Former Real Madrid and Hungary star Ferenc Puskás stated; "The greatest player in history was Di Stéfano. I refuse to classify Pelé as a player. He was above that."[19] Just Fontaine, French striker and leading scorer at the 1958 World Cup; "When I saw Pelé play, it made me feel I should hang up my boots."[19] England's 1966 FIFA World Cup-winning captain Bobby Moore commented: "Pelé was the most complete player I've ever seen, he had everything. Two good feet. Magic in the air. Quick. Powerful. Could beat people with skill. Could outrun people. Only five feet and eight inches tall, yet he seemed a giant of an athlete on the pitch. Perfect balance and impossible vision. He was the greatest because he could do anything and everything on a football pitch. I remember Saldanha the coach being asked by a Brazilian journalist who was the best goalkeeper in his squad. He said Pelé. The man could play in any position".[74] Former Manchester United striker and member of England's 1966 FIFA World Cup-winning team Sir Bobby Charlton stated; "I sometimes feel as though football was invented for this magical player."[19] During the 1970 World Cup, when Manchester United defender Paddy Crerand (who was part of the ITV panel) was asked; "How do you spell Pelé?", he replied with the response; "Easy: G-O-D."[19]

text: Accolades

text: Since retiring, Pelé has continued to be lauded by players, coaches, journalists and others. Brazilian attacking midfielder Zico, who represented Brazil at the 1978, 1982 and 1986 FIFA World Cup, stated; "This debate about the player of the century is absurd. There's only one possible answer: Pelé. He's the greatest player of all time, and by some distance I might add".[46] French three time Balon D'or winner Michel Platini said; "There's Pelé the man, and then Pelé the player. And to play like Pelé is to play like God." Joint FIFA Player of the Century, Argentina's 1986 FIFA World Cup-winning captain Diego Maradona stated; "It's too bad we never got along, but he was an awesome player".[46] Prolific Brazilian striker Romário, winner of the 1994 FIFA World Cup and player of the tournament; "It's only inevitable I look up to Pelé. He's like a God to us".[46] Five-time FIFA Ballon d'Or winner Cristiano Ronaldo said: "Pelé is the greatest player in football history, and there will only be one Pelé", while José Mourinho, two-time UEFA Champions League winning manager, commented; "I think he is football. You have the real special one – Mr. Pelé."[94] Real Madrid honorary president and former player, Alfredo Di Stéfano, opined: "The best player ever? Pelé. Lionel Messi and Cristiano Ronaldo are both great players with specific qualities, but Pelé was better".[95]

text: Presenting Pelé the Laureus Lifetime Achievement Award, former South African president Nelson Mandela said; "To watch him play was to watch the delight of a child combined with the extraordinary grace of a man in full."[97] US politician and political scientist Henry Kissinger stated, "Performance at a high level in any sport is to exceed the ordinary human scale. But Pelé's performance transcended that of the ordinary star by as much as the star exceeds ordinary performance."[98] After a reporter asked if his fame compared to that of Jesus, Pelé quipped, "There are parts of the world where Jesus Christ is not so well known."[71]

text: In 1999, the International Federation of Football History & Statistics (IFFHS) voted Pelé the World Player of the Century. That same year, the International Olympic Committee elected him the Athlete of the Century. According to the IFFHS, Pelé is the most successful league goal-scorer in the world, scoring 1281 goals in 1363 games, which included unofficial friendlies and tour games. In 1999, Time magazine named Pelé one of the 100 Most Important People of the 20th Century. During his playing days, Pelé was for a period the highest-paid athlete in the world.[99] Pelé's "electrifying play and penchant for spectacular goals" made him a star around the world. To take full advantage of his popularity, his teams toured internationally.[32] During his career, he became known as "The Black Pearl" (A Pérola Negra), "The King of Football" (O Rei do Futebol), "The King Pelé" (O Rei Pelé) or simply "The King" (O Rei).[6] In 2014, the city of Santos inaugurated the Pelé museum – Museu Pelé – which displays a 2,400 piece collection of Pelé memorabilia.[100] Approximately $22 million was invested in the construction of the museum, housed in a 19th century mansion.[101]

text: Personal life

text: Relationships and children

text:
By Anizia Machado
Sandra (1964–2006)
By Lenita Kurtz
Flávia (born 1968)
By Rosemeri dos Reis Cholbi
Kelly Cristina (born 1967)
Edson (born 1970)
Jennifer (born 1978)
By Assíria Lemos Seixas
Joshua (born 1996)
Celeste (born 1996)

text: Pelé has married three times, and has had several affairs, producing several children. On 21 February 1966, Pelé married Rosemeri dos Reis Cholbi.[103] They had two daughters and one son: Kelly Cristina (born 13 January 1967), who married Dr. Arthur DeLuca, Jennifer (b. 1978), and their son Edson ("Edinho", b. 27 August 1970). The couple divorced in 1982.[104] In May 2014, Edinho was jailed for 33 years for laundering money from drug trafficking.[105] On appeal the sentence was reduced to 12 years and 10 months.[106]

text: From 1981 to 1986, Pelé was romantically linked with TV presenter Xuxa, which was influential in launching her career. She was 17 when they started dating.[107] In April 1994, Pelé married psychologist and gospel singer Assíria Lemos Seixas, who gave birth on 28 September 1996 to twins Joshua and Celeste through fertility treatments. The couple divorced in 2008.[108]

text: Pelé had at least two more children from former affairs. Sandra Machado, who was born from an affair Pelé had in 1964 with a housemaid, Anizia Machado, fought for years to be acknowledged by Pelé, who refused to submit to DNA tests.[109][110][111] Although she was recognized by courts as his biological daughter based on DNA evidence in 1993, Pelé never acknowledged his eldest daughter even after her death in 2006, nor her two children, Octavio and Gabriel.[110][111] Pelé also had another daughter, Flávia Kurtz, in an extramarital affair in 1968 with journalist Lenita Kurtz. Flávia was recognized by him as his daughter.[109]

text: At the age of 73, Pelé announced his intention to marry 41-year-old Marcia Aoki, a Japanese-Brazilian importer of medical equipment from Penápolis, São Paulo, whom he had been dating from 2010. They first met in the mid-1980s in New York, before meeting again in 2008.[112] They married in July 2016.[113]

text: Politics

text: In 1970, Pelé was investigated by the Brazilian military dictatorship for suspected leftist sympathies. Declassified documents showed Pelé was investigated after being handed a manifesto calling for the release of political prisoners. Pelé himself did not get further involved within political struggles in the country.[114]

text: In 1976, Pelé was on a Pepsi-sponsored trip in Lagos, Nigeria, when that year's attempted Military Coup took place. Pelé was trapped in a hotel together with Arthur Ashe and other tennis pros, who were participating in the interrupted 1976 Lagos WCT tournament. Pelé and his crew eventually left the hotel to stay at the residence of Brazil's ambassador as they couldn't leave the country for a couple of days. Later the airport was opened and Pelé left the country disguised as a pilot.[115][116]

text: In June 2013, he was criticized in public opinion for his conservative views.[117][118] During the 2013 protests in Brazil, Pelé asked for people to "forget the demonstrations" and support the Brazil national team.[119]

text: Health

text: In 1977, Brazilian media reported that Pelé had his right kidney removed.[120] In November 2012, Pelé underwent a successful hip operation.[121] In December 2017 Pelé appeared in a wheelchair at the 2018 World Cup draw in Moscow where he was pictured with Russian President Vladimir Putin and Diego Maradona.[122] A month later he collapsed from exhaustion and was taken to hospital.[122]

text: After football

text: In 1994, Pelé was appointed a UNESCO Goodwill Ambassador.[123] In 1995, Brazilian President Fernando Henrique Cardoso appointed Pelé to the position of Extraordinary Minister for Sport. During this time he proposed legislation to reduce corruption in Brazilian football, which became known as the "Pelé law."[124] Pelé left his position in 2001 after he was accused of involvement in a corruption scandal that stole $700,000 from UNICEF. It was claimed that money given to Pelé's company for a benefit match was not returned after it was cancelled, although nothing was proven, and it was denied by UNICEF.[125][126] In 1997, he received an honorary knighthood from Queen Elizabeth II at a ceremony in Buckingham Palace.[127] Pelé also helped inaugurate the 2006 FIFA World Cup finals, alongside supermodel Claudia Schiffer.[61]

text: In 1993, Pelé publicly accused the Brazilian football administrator Ricardo Teixeira of corruption after Pelé's television company was rejected in a contest for the Brazilian domestic rights to the 1994 World Cup.[128] Pelé accusations led to an eight-year feud between the pair.[129] As a consequence of the affair, the President of FIFA, João Havelange banned Pelé from the draw for the 1994 FIFA World Cup in Las Vegas. Criticisms over the ban were perceived to have negatively affected Havelange's chances of re-election as FIFA's president in 1994.[128]

text:
Pelé has published several autobiographies, starred in documentary films, and composed musical pieces, including the soundtrack for the film Pelé in 1977.[130] He appeared in the 1981 film Escape to Victory, about a World War II-era football match between Allied prisoners of war and a German team. Pelé starred alongside other footballers of the 1960s and 1970s, with actors Michael Caine, and Sylvester Stallone.[131]
in 1969, Pelé starred in a telenovela called Os Estranhos, about first contact with aliens. It was created to drum up interest in the Apollo missions.[132] In 2001, had a cameo role in the satire film, Mike Bassett: England Manager.[133]

text: In November 2007, Pelé was in Sheffield, England to mark the 150th anniversary of the world's oldest football club, Sheffield F.C.[134] Pelé was the guest of honour at Sheffield's anniversary match against Inter Milan at Bramall Lane.[134] As part of his visit, Pelé opened an exhibition which included the first public showing in 40 years of the original hand-written rules of football.[134] Pelé scouted for Premier League club Fulham in 2002.[135] He made the draw for the qualification groups for the 2006 FIFA World Cup finals.[136] On 1 August 2010, Pelé was introduced as the Honorary President of a revived New York Cosmos, aiming to field a team in Major League Soccer.[137] In August 2011, ESPN reported that Santos were considering bringing him out of retirement for a cameo role in the 2011 FIFA Club World Cup, although this turned out to be false.[138]

text: The most notable area of Pelé's life since football is his ambassadorial work. In 1992, he was appointed a UN ambassador for ecology and the environment.[139] He was also awarded Brazil's Gold Medal for outstanding services to the sport in 1995. In 2012, Pelé was awarded an honorary degree from the University of Edinburgh for "significant contribution to humanitarian and environmental causes, as well as his sporting achievements".[140]

text: In 2009, Pelé assisted the Rio de Janeiro bid for the 2016 Summer Olympics. In July 2009 he spearheaded the Rio 2016 presentation to the Association of National Olympic Committees of Africa General Assembly in Abuja, Nigeria.[141]

text: On 12 August 2012, Pelé was an attendee at the 2012 Olympic hunger summit hosted by UK Prime Minister David Cameron at 10 Downing Street, London, part of a series of international efforts which have sought to respond to the return of hunger as a high-profile global issue.[142][143] Later on the same day, Pelé appeared at the closing ceremony of the 2012 Summer Olympics in London, following the handover section to the next host city for the 2016 Summer Olympics, Rio de Janeiro.[144]

text: In March 2016, Pelé filed a lawsuit against Samsung Electronics in the United States District Court for the Northern District of Illinois seeking US$30 million in damages claiming violations under the Lanham Act for false endorsement and a state law claim for violation of his right of publicity.[145] The suit alleged, that at one point Samsung and Pelé came close to entering into a licensing agreement for Pelé to appear in a Samsung advertising campaign. Samsung abruptly pulled out of the negotiations. The October 2015 Samsung ad in question, included a partial face shot of a man who allegedly "very closely resembles" Pelé and also a superimposed high-definition television screen next to the image of the man featuring a "modified bicycle or scissors-kick", often used by Pelé.[145]

text: Honours

text: International

text: Brazil

text: FIFA World Cup (3): 1958, 1962, 1970[146]

text: Club

text: Santos

text:
Campeonato Brasileiro Série A (6): 1961, 1962, 1963, 1964, 1965, 1968[147]
Copa Libertadores (2): 1962, 1963[148][149]
Intercontinental Cup (2): 1962, 1963[150]
Intercontinental Supercup: 1968[150]

text:
Campeonato Paulista (10): 1958, 1960, 1961, 1962, 1964, 1965, 1967, 1968, 1969, 1973[note 4][152]
Torneio Rio-São Paulo (4): 1959, 1963, 1964[note 5][136]

text: New York Cosmos

text:
North American Soccer League, Soccer Bowl: 1977[154]
North American Soccer League, Atlantic Conference Championship: 1977[154]

text: Individual

text: In December 2000, Pelé and Maradona shared the prize of FIFA Player of the Century by FIFA.[155] The award was originally intended to be based upon votes in a web poll, but after it became apparent that it favoured Diego Maradona, many observers complained that the Internet nature of the poll would have meant a skewed demographic of younger fans who would have seen Maradona play, but not Pelé. FIFA then appointed a "Family of Football" committee of FIFA members to decide the winner of the award together with the votes of the readers of the FIFA magazine. The committee chose Pelé. Since Maradona was winning the Internet poll, however, it was decided he and Pelé should share the award.[156]

text:
Santos
Copa Libertadores Top Scorer: 1965[157]
Campeonato Paulista Top Scorer (11): 1957, 1958, 1959, 1960, 1961, 1962, 1963, 1964, 1965, 1969, 1973[136]
Torneio Rio-São Paulo Top Scorer: 1963[158]
Bola de Prata: 1970[159]
Brazil
FIFA World Cup Best Young Player: 1958[48]
FIFA World Cup Golden Ball (Best Player): 1970[46]
Copa America Best Player: 1959[50]
Copa América Top Scorer: 1959[51]
Other awards
FIFA Ballon d'Or Prix d'Honneur: 2013[160]
Ballon d'Or (7): 1958, 1959, 1960, 1961, 1963, 1964, 1970  - Le nouveau palmarès (the new winners)[161]
FIFA Player of the Century: 2000[46]
FIFA Order of Merit: 1984[162]
FIFA Centennial Award: 2004[163]
FIFA 100 Greatest Living Footballers: 2004[164]
BBC Overseas Sports Personality of the Year: 1970[165]
BBC Sports Personality of the Year Lifetime Achievement Award: 2005[166]
Laureus Lifetime Achievement Award: 2000[167]
Greatest football player to have ever played the game, by Golden Foot: 2012[168]
Athlete of the Century, by Reuters News Agency: 1999[169]
Athlete of the Century, elected by International Olympic Committee: 1999[170]
South American Footballer of the Year: 1973[171]
Football Player of the Century, elected by France Football's Ballon d'Or  Winners: 1999[172]
Inducted into the American National Soccer Hall of Fame: 1992[173]
World Team of the 20th Century: 1998[174]
TIME: One of the 100 Most Important People of the 20th century: 1999[175]
World Soccer Greatest XI of All Time: 2013[176]
FWA Tribute Award: 2018[177]

text:
Knight of the Order of Rio Branco: 1967[178]
Knight Commander of the Order of the British Empire (honorary knighthood): 1997[179]

text: Personal records

text:
Brazil national football team: All-time leading goalscorer: 77 goals (95 goals including unofficial friendlies).[180]
Santos: All-time leading goalscorer: 643 goals in 656 competitive games.[181]
Intercontinental Cup: All-time leading goalscorer: 7 goals[182]
World record number of hat-tricks: 92[183]
Guinness World Records: Most career goals (football): 1283 goals in 1363 games[184]
Guinness World Records: Most FIFA World Cup winners' medals: three[184]
Guinness World Records: Youngest winner of a FIFA World Cup: 17 years and 249 days in 1958 FIFA World Cup[185]
Youngest goalscorer in the FIFA World Cup: 17 years and 239 days (Brazil v Wales 1958)[46][186]
Youngest player to score a hat-trick in the FIFA World Cup: 17 years and 244 days (Brazil v France 1958)[186]
Youngest player to play in a FIFA World Cup Final: 17 years and 249 days (Brazil v Sweden 1958)[187]
Youngest goalscorer in a FIFA World Cup Final: 17 years and 249 days (Brazil v Sweden 1958)[187]

text: Career statistics

text: Club

text: Pelé's goalscoring record is often reported by FIFA as being 1281 goals in 1363 games.[46] This figure includes goals scored by Pelé in friendly club matches, like international tours Pelé completed with Santos and the New York Cosmos, and a few games Pelé played in for the Brazilian armed forces teams during his national service in Brazil.[188] He was listed in the Guinness World Records for most career goals scored in football.[189]

text: The tables below record every goal Pelé scored in major club competitions for Santos and the New York Cosmos.

text:
Club

Season

Campeonato Paulista

Rio-São Paulo[note 6]

Campeonato Brasileiro Série A[note 7]

Domestic competitionsSub-total

International Competitions

TotalOfficial

Total inc.Friendlies

Copa Libertadores

Intercontinental Cup

Apps
Goals
Apps
Goals
Apps
Goals
Apps
Goals
Apps
Goals
Apps
Goals
Apps
Goals
Apps
Goals

Santos

1956

0*
0*

1
1

1
1
2*
2*

1957

14+15*
19+17*[note 8][note 9]
9
5

38*
41*

38*
41*
67*
57*

1958

38
58
8
8

46
66

46*
66*
60*
80*

1959[193]

32
45
7
6
4*
2*
39
51

43*
53*
83*
100*

1960[194]

30
33
3
0
0
0
33
33
0
0
0
0
33*
33*
67*
59*

1961

26
47
7
8
5*
7
33
55
0
0
0
0
38*
62*
74*
110*

1962

26
37
0
0
5*
2*
26
37
4*
4*
2
5
37*
48*
50*
62*

1963[195]

19
22
8
14
4*
8
27
36
4*
5*
1
2
36
51*
52*
67*

1964

21
34
4
3
6*
7
25
37
0*
0*
0
0
31*
44*
47*
57*

1965

30
49
7
5
4*
2*
37
54
7*
8
0
0
48*
64*
66*
97*

1966

14
13
0*
0*
5*
2*
14*
13*
0
0
0
0
19*
15*
38*
31*

1967

18
17

14*
9*
32*
26*
0
0
0
0
32*
26*
65*
56*

1968

21
17

17*
11*
38*
28*
0
0
0
0
38*
28*
73*
55*

1969

25
26

12*
12*
37*
38*
0
0
0
0
37*
38*
61*
57*

1970

15
7

13*
4*
28*
11*
0
0
0
0
28*
11*
54*
47*

1971

19
8

21
1
40
9
0
0
0
0
40
9
72*
60*

1972

20
9

16
5
36
14
0
0
0
0
36
14
74*
55*

1973

19
11

30
19
49
30
0
0
0
0
49
30
66*
45*

1974

10
1

17
9
27
10
0
0
0
0
27
10
49*
19*

Total

412
470
53
49
173*
100*
638*
619*
15
17[note 10]
3
7
656
643
1120
1033*

text: * Indicates that the number was deduced from the list of rsssf.com and this list of Pelé games.

text:
Club

Season

League

Post season

Other

Total

Apps

Goals

Apps

Goals

Apps

Goals

Apps

Goals

NY Cosmos

1975

9
5
–
–
14
10
23
15

1976

22
13
2
2
18
11
42
26

1977

25
13
6
4
11
6
42
23

Total

56
31
8
6
43
27
107
64

text: International

text: Pelé is the top scorer of the Brazil national football team with 77 goals in 92 official appearances.[46] In addition, he scored 18 times in 22 unofficial games. This makes an unofficial total of 114 games and 95 goals. He also scored 12 goals and is credited with 10 assists in 14 World Cup appearances, including 4 goals and 7 assists in 1970.[12] Pelé shares with Uwe Seeler, Miroslav Klose and Cristiano Ronaldo the achievement of being the only players to have scored in four separate World Cup tournaments.[196][197]

text:
#
Date
Venue
Home
Result
Visitor
Competition
Goals
Cumulative Goals

1.

7 July 1957
Rio de Janeiro
 Brazil
1–2
 Argentina
Roca Cup
1
1

2.

10 July 1957
São Paulo
 Brazil
2–0
 Argentina
Roca Cup
1
2

3.

4 May 1958
Rio de Janeiro
 Brazil
5–1
 Paraguay
Oswaldo Cruz Cup
1
3

4.

14 May 1958
Rio de Janeiro
 Brazil
4–0
 Bulgaria
Friendly
0
3

5.

18 May 1958
São Paulo
 Brazil
3–1
 Bulgaria
Friendly
2
5

6.

15 June 1958
Gothenburg
 Brazil
2–0
 Soviet Union
World Cup
0
5

7.

19 June 1958
Gothenburg
 Brazil
1–0
 Wales
World Cup
1
6

8.

24 June 1958
Stockholm
 Brazil
5–2
 France
World Cup
3
9

9.

29 June 1958
Stockholm
 Brazil
5–2
 Sweden
World Cup
2
11

10.

10 March 1959
Buenos Aires
 Brazil
2–2
 Peru
Copa América
1
12

11.

15 March 1959
Buenos Aires
 Brazil
3–0
 Chile
Copa América
2
14

12.

21 March 1959
Buenos Aires
 Brazil
4–2
 Bolivia
Copa América
1
15

13.

26 March 1959
Buenos Aires
 Brazil
3–1
 Uruguay
Copa América
0
15

14.

29 March 1959
Buenos Aires
 Brazil
4–1
 Paraguay
Copa América
3
18

15.

4 April 1959
Buenos Aires
 Argentina
1–1
 Brazil
Copa América
1
19

16.

13 May 1959
Rio de Janeiro
 Brazil
2–0
 England
Friendly
0
19

17.

17 September 1959
Rio de Janeiro
 Brazil
7–0
 Chile
O'Higgins Cup
3
22

18.

20 September 1959
São Paulo
 Brazil
1–0
 Chile
O'Higgins Cup
0
22

19.

29 April 1960
Cairo
 United Arab Republic
0–5
 Brazil
Friendly
0
22

20.

1 May 1960
Alexandria
 United Arab Republic
1–3
 Brazil
Friendly
3
25

21.

6 May 1960
Cairo
 United Arab Republic
0–3
 Brazil
Friendly
0
25

22.

10 May 1960
Copenhagen
 Denmark
3–4
 Brazil
Friendly
0
25

23.

9 July 1960
Montevideo
 Uruguay
0–1
 Brazil
Atlantic Cup
0
25

24.

12 July 1960
Rio de Janeiro
 Brazil
5–1
 Argentina
Atlantic Cup
1
26

25.

21 April 1962
Rio de Janeiro
 Brazil
6–0
 Paraguay
Oswaldo Cruz Cup
1
27

26.

24 April 1962
São Paulo
 Brazil
4–0
 Paraguay
Oswaldo Cruz Cup
2
29

27.

6 May 1962
São Paulo
 Brazil
2–1
 Portugal
Friendly
0
29

28.

9 May 1962
Rio de Janeiro
 Brazil
1–0
 Portugal
Friendly
1
30

29.

12 May 1962
Rio de Janeiro
 Brazil
3–1
 Wales
Friendly
1
31

30.

16 May 1962
São Paulo
 Brazil
3–1
 Wales
Friendly
2
33

31.

30 May 1962
Viña del Mar
 Brazil
2–0
 Mexico
World Cup
1
34

32.

2 June 1962
Viña del Mar
 Brazil
0–0
 Czechoslovakia
World Cup
0
34

33.

13 April 1963
São Paulo
 Brazil
2–3
 Argentina
Roca Cup
0
34

34.

16 April 1963
Rio de Janeiro
 Brazil
5–2
 Argentina
Roca Cup
3
37

35.

21 April 1963
Lisbon
 Portugal
1–0
 Brazil
Friendly
0
37

36.

28 April 1963
Paris
 France
2–3
 Brazil
Friendly
3
40

37.

2 May 1963
Amsterdam
 Netherlands
1–0
 Brazil
Friendly
0
40

38.

5 May 1963
Hamburg
 West Germany
1–2
 Brazil
Friendly
1
41

39.

12 May 1963
Milan
 Italy
3–0
 Brazil
Friendly
0
41

40.

30 May 1964
Rio de Janeiro
 Brazil
5–1
 England
Taça das Nações
1
42

41.

3 June 1964
São Paulo
 Brazil
0–3
 Argentina
Taça das Nações
0
42

42.

7 June 1964
Rio de Janeiro
 Brazil
4–1
 Portugal
Taça das Nações
1
43

43.

2 June 1965
Rio de Janeiro
 Brazil
5–0
 Belgium
Friendly
3
46

44.

6 June 1965
Rio de Janeiro
 Brazil
2–0
 West Germany
Friendly
1
47

45.

9 June 1965
Rio de Janeiro
 Brazil
0–0
 Argentina
Friendly
0
47

46.

17 June 1965
Orano
 Algeria
0–3
 Brazil
Friendly
1
48

47.

24 June 1965
Porto
 Portugal
0–0
 Brazil
Friendly
0
48

48.

30 June 1965
Stockholm
 Sweden
1–2
 Brazil
Friendly
1
49

49.

4 July 1965
Moscow
 Soviet Union
0–3
 Brazil
Friendly
2
51

50.

21 November 1965
Rio de Janeiro
 Brazil
2–2
 Soviet Union
Friendly
1
52

51.

19 May 1966
Rio de Janeiro
 Brazil
1–0
 Chile
Friendly
0
52

52.

4 June 1966
São Paulo
 Brazil
4–0
 Peru
Friendly
1
53

53.

8 June 1966
Rio de Janeiro
 Brazil
2–1
 Poland
Friendly
0
53

54.

12 June 1966
Rio de Janeiro
 Brazil
2–1
 Czechoslovakia
Friendly
2
55

55.

15 June 1966
Rio de Janeiro
 Brazil
2–2
 Czechoslovakia
Friendly
1
56

56.

25 June 1966
Glasgow
 Scotland
1–1
 Brazil
Friendly
0
56

57.

30 June 1966
Göteborg
 Sweden
2–3
 Brazil
Friendly
0
56

58.

12 July 1966
Liverpool
 Brazil
2–0
 Bulgaria
World Cup
1
57

59.

19 July 1966
Liverpool
 Portugal
3–1
 Brazil
World Cup
0
57

60.

25 July 1968
Asunción
 Paraguay
0–4
 Brazil
Oswaldo Cruz Cup
2
59

61.

28 July 1968
Asunción
 Paraguay
1–0
 Brazil
Oswaldo Cruz Cup
0
59

62.

31 October 1968
Rio de Janeiro
 Brazil
1–2
 Mexico
Friendly
0
59

63.

3 November 1968
Belo Horizonte
 Brazil
2–1
 Mexico
Friendly
1
60

64.

6 November 1968
Rio de Janeiro
 Brazil
2-1
FIFA XI
Friendly
0
60

65.

14 December 1968
Rio de Janeiro
 Brazil
2–2
 West Germany
Friendly
0
60

66.

17 December 1968
Rio de Janeiro
 Brazil
3–3
 Yugoslavia
Friendly
1
61

67.

7 April 1969
Porto Alegre
 Brazil
2–1
 Peru
Friendly
0
61

68.

9 April 1969
Rio de Janeiro
 Brazil
3–2
 Peru
Friendly
1
62

69.

12 June 1969
Rio de Janeiro
 Brazil
2–1
 England
Friendly
0
62

70.

6 August 1969
Bogotá
 Colombia
0–2
 Brazil
World Cup Qualifiers
0
62

71.

10 August 1969
Caracas
 Venezuela
0–5
 Brazil
World Cup Qualifiers
2
64

72.

17 August 1969
Asunción
 Paraguay
0–3
 Brazil
World Cup Qualifiers
0
64

73.

21 August 1969
Rio de Janeiro
 Brazil
6–2
 Colombia
World Cup Qualifiers
1
65

74.

24 August 1969
Rio de Janeiro
 Brazil
6–0
 Venezuela
World Cup Qualifiers
2
67

75.

31 August 1969
Rio de Janeiro
 Brazil
1–0
 Paraguay
World Cup Qualifiers
1
68

76.

4 March 1970
Porto Alegre
 Brazil
0–2
 Argentina
Friendly
0
68

77.

8 March 1970
Rio de Janeiro
 Brazil
2–1
 Argentina
Friendly
1
69

78.

22 March 1970
São Paulo
 Brazil
5–0
 Chile
Friendly
2
71

79.

26 March 1970
Rio de Janeiro
 Brazil
2–1
 Chile
Friendly
0
71

80.

12 April 1970
Rio de Janeiro
 Brazil
0–0
 Paraguay
Friendly
0
71

81.

26 April 1970
São Paulo
 Brazil
0–0
 Bulgaria
Friendly
0
71

82.

29 April 1970
Rio de Janeiro
 Brazil
1–0
 Austria
Friendly
0
71

83.

3 June 1970
Guadalajara
 Brazil
4–1
 Czechoslovakia
World Cup
1
72

84.

7 June 1970
Guadalajara
 Brazil
1–0
 England
World Cup
0
72

85.

10 June 1970
Guadalajara
 Brazil
3–2
 Romania
World Cup
2
74

86.

14 June 1970
Guadalajara
 Brazil
4–2
 Peru
World Cup
0
74

87.

17 June 1970
Guadalajara
 Brazil
3–1
 Uruguay
World Cup
0
74

88.

21 June 1970
Mexico City
 Brazil
4–1
 Italy
World Cup
1
75

89.

30 September 1970
Rio de Janeiro
 Brazil
2–1
 Mexico
Friendly
0
75

90.

4 October 1970
Santiago de Chile
 Chile
1–5
 Brazil
Friendly
1
76

91.

11 July 1971
São Paulo
 Brazil
1–1
 Austria
Friendly
1
77

92.

18 July 1971
Rio de Janeiro
 Brazil
2–2
 Yugoslavia
Friendly
0
77

text:
Unofficial international appearances (22) and goals (18)

#
Date
Venue
Home
Result
Visitor
Goals
Cumulative Goals

1.

1958-05-21
São Paulo
 Brazil
5–0
 Corinthians
0
0

2.

1960-05-08
Malmö
 Malmö FF
1–7
 Brazil
2
2

3.

1960-05-12
Milano
 Inter Milan
2–2
 Brazil
2
4

4.

1960-05-16
Lisbon
 Sporting Lisbon
0–4
 Brazil
0
4

5.

1963-05-03
Eindhoven
 PSV Eindhoven
0–1
 Brazil
0
4

6.

1966-05-01
Rio de Janeiro
 Brazil
2–0
 Rio Grande do Sul
0
4

7.

1966-06-21
Madrid
 Atlético Madrid
3–5
 Brazil
3
7

8.

1966-07-04
Stockholm
 AIK
2–4
 Brazil
2
9

9.

1966-07-06
Malmö
 Malmö FF
1–3
 Brazil
2
11

10.

1968-11-06[59]
Rio de Janeiro
FIFA XI (Friendly match)
2–1
 Brazil
0
11

11.

1968-11-13
Curitiba
 Coritiba
1–2
 Brazil
0
11

12.

1969-07-06
Salvador
 Bahia
0–4
 Brazil
1
12

13.

1969-07-09
Aracaju
 Rio Grande do Sul
2–8
 Brazil
0
12

14.

1969-07-13
Recife
 Pernambuco
1–6
 Brazil
1
13

15.

1969-08-01
Bogotá
 Millonarios
0–2
 Brazil
0
13

16.

1969-09-03
Belo Horizonte
 Atlético Mineiro
2–1
 Brazil
1
14

17.

1970-03-14
Rio de Janeiro
 Bangu
1–1
 Brazil
0
14

18.

1970-04-05
Manaus
 Amazonas A
1–4
 Brazil
1
15

19.

1970-04-19
Belo Horizonte
 Minas Gerais
1–3
 Brazil
0
15

20.

1970-05-06
Guadalajara
 Guadalajara XI
0–3
 Brazil
1
16

21.

1970-05-17
León
 León XI
2–5
 Brazil
2
18

22.

1970-05-24
Irapuato
 Irapuato
0–3
 Brazil
0
18

text:
FIFA World Cup goals

#
Date
Venue
Opponent
Score
Result
World Cup
Round

1.

1958-06-19
Ullevi, Gothenburg, Sweden
 Wales
1–0
1–0
1958
Quarterfinal

2.

1958-06-24
Råsunda Stadium, Solna, Sweden
 France
1–3
2–5
1958
Semifinal

3.

1958-06-24
Råsunda Stadium, Solna, Sweden
 France
1–4
2–5
1958
Semifinal

4.

1958-06-24
Råsunda Stadium, Solna, Sweden
 France
1–5
2–5
1958
Semifinal

5.

1958-06-29
Råsunda Stadium, Solna, Sweden
 Sweden
1–3
2–5
1958
Final

6.

1958-06-29
Råsunda Stadium, Solna, Sweden
 Sweden
2–5
2–5
1958
Final

7.

1962-05-30
Estadio Sausalito, Viña del Mar, Chile
 Mexico
2– 0
2–0
1962
Group stage

8.

1966-07-12
Goodison Park, Liverpool, England
 Bulgaria
1–0
2–0
1966
Group stage

9.

1970-06-03
Estadio Jalisco, Guadalajara, Mexico
 Czechoslovakia
2–1
4–1
1970
Group stage

10.

1970-06-10
Estadio Jalisco, Guadalajara, Mexico
 Romania
1–0
3–2
1970
Group stage

11.

1970-06-10
Estadio Jalisco, Guadalajara, Mexico
 Romania
3–1
3–2
1970
Group stage

12.

1970-06-21
Estadio Azteca, Mexico City, Mexico
 Italy
1–0
4–1
1970
Final

text:
Team

Year

Tournament

Friendly

Total

Goal average

Apps
Goals
Apps
Goals
Apps
Goals

Brazil

1957

2
2
0
0
2
2
1.00

1958

4
6
3
3
7
9
1.13

1959

8
11
1
0
9
11
1.22

1960

2
1
4
1
6
2
0.89

1961

0
0
0
0
0
0
-

1962

4
4
4
4
8
8
1.00

1963

2
3
5
4
7
7
0.88

1964

3
2
0
0
3
2
0.67

1965

0
0
8
9
8
9
1.13

1966

2
1
7
4
9
5
0.85

1967

0
0
0
0
0
0
-

1968

0
0
7
4
7
4
0.63

1969

6
6
3
1
9
7
0.71

1970

6
4
9
4
15
8
0.57

1971

0
0
2
1
2
1
0.50

Total

41
43
51
34
92
77
0.84

Career total (incl. unofficial matches)[198]

41
43
69
56
114
95
0.83

text: Summary

text: Pelé numbers differ between sources mostly due to friendly games. The RSSSF states that Pelé scored 767 goals in 831 official games, 1281 goals in 1365 overall while he was active, and 1284 in 1375 taking into account benefit games after retirement.[182] The following table is a compendium of sources that include data from Santos and FIFA official websites among others.[199]

text:
Matches

Goals

Ratio

Domestic Tournaments

702

656

0.94

International Tournaments

18

24

1.33

Brazil national football team

92

77

0.84

Official

812

757

0.93

Friendly matches and defunct Tournaments

554

526

0.95

Total

1366

1283

0.94

text:
Matches

Goals

Ratio

International matches (Official and Friendlies)

503

479

0.95

Domestic matches (Official and Friendlies)

863

804

0.93

Total

1366

1283

0.94

text:
Matches

Goals

Ratio

Santos FC[200]

1116

1091

0.98

New York Cosmos[200]

111

65

0.59

Brazil

114

95

0.83

Other

25

32

1.28

Total

1366

1283

0.94


document_title: RMS Queen Mary

question_text: where is the queen mary docked in california

root

text: RMS Queen Mary

text: Construction and naming[edit]

text: With Germany launching Bremen and Europa into service, Britain did not want to be left behind in the shipbuilding race. White Star Line began construction on their 80,000-ton Oceanic in 1928, while Cunard planned a 75,000-ton unnamed ship of their own.

tag: p

text: Construction on the ship, then known only as "Hull Number 534",[6] began in December 1930 on the River Clyde by the John Brown & Company shipyard at Clydebank in Scotland. Work was halted in December 1931 due to the Great Depression and Cunard applied to the British Government for a loan to complete 534. The loan was granted, with enough money to complete the unfinished ship, and also to build a running mate, with the intention to provide the weekly service to New York with just two ships.[7]

text: One condition of the loan was that Cunard would merge with the White Star Line, which was Cunard's chief British rival at the time and which had already been forced by the depression to cancel construction of its Oceanic. Both lines agreed and the merger was completed on 10 May 1934. Work on Queen Mary resumed immediately and she was launched on 26 September 1934. Completion ultimately took 3 1⁄2 years and cost 3.5 million pounds sterling.[7] Much of the ship's interior was designed and constructed by the Bromsgrove Guild.[8] Prior to launch the River Clyde had to be specifically deepened to cope with her size, this being undertaken by the enginer D. Alan Stevenson.[9]

text: The ship was named after Mary of Teck, consort of King George V. Until her launch, the name she was to be given was kept a closely guarded secret. Legend has it that Cunard intended to name the ship Victoria, in keeping with company tradition of giving its ships names ending in "ia", but when company representatives asked the king's permission to name the ocean liner after Britain's "greatest queen", he said his wife, Mary of Teck, would be delighted.[10] And so, the legend goes, the delegation had of course no other choice but to report that No. 534 would be called Queen Mary.[10]

text: This story was denied by company officials, and traditionally the names of sovereigns have only been used for capital ships of the Royal Navy. Some support for the story was provided by Washington Post editor Felix Morley, who sailed as a guest of the Cunard Line on Queen Mary's 1936 maiden voyage. In his 1979 autobiography, For the Record, Morley wrote that he was placed at table with Sir Percy Bates, chairman of the Cunard Line. Bates told him the story of the naming of the ship "on condition you won't print it during my lifetime." The name Queen Mary could also have been decided upon as a compromise between Cunard and the White Star Line, as both lines had traditions of using names either ending in "ic" with White Star and "ia" with Cunard.[10]

text: The name had already been given to the Clyde turbine steamer TS Queen Mary, so Cunard made an arrangement with its owners and this older ship was renamed Queen Mary II.[11]

text: Queen Mary was fitted with 24 Yarrow boilers in four boiler rooms and four Parsons turbines in two engine rooms. The boilers delivered 400 pounds per square inch (28 bar) steam at 700 °F (371 °C) which provided a maximum of 212,000 shp (158,000 kW) to four propellers, each turning at 200 RPM.[12] Queen Mary achieved 32.84 knots on her acceptance trials in early 1936.[13]

text: History (1934–1939)[edit]

text: In 1934 the new liner was launched by Queen Mary as RMS Queen Mary. On her way down the slipway, Queen Mary was slowed by eighteen drag chains, which checked the liner's progress into the River Clyde, a portion of which had been widened to accommodate the launch.[14]

text: When she sailed on her maiden voyage from Southampton on 27 May 1936, she was commanded by Sir Edgar T. Britten, who had been the master designate for Cunard White Star whilst the ship was under construction at the John Brown shipyard. Queen Mary measured 80,774 gross register tons (GRT).[15] Her rival Normandie, which originally grossed 79,280 tonnes, had been modified the preceding winter to increase her size to 83,243 GRT (an enclosed tourist lounge was built on the aft boat deck on the area where the game court was), and therefore reclaimed the title of the world's largest ocean liner from the Queen Mary, who only held it for a few weeks.[16] Queen Mary sailed at high speeds for most of her maiden voyage to New York, until heavy fog forced a reduction of speed on the final day of the crossing, arriving in New York Harbor on 1 June 1936.

text: Queen Mary's design was criticised for being too traditional, especially when Normandie's hull was revolutionary with a clipper-shaped, streamlined bow. Except for her cruiser stern, she seemed to be an enlarged version of her Cunard predecessors from the pre–First World War era. Her interior design, while mostly Art Deco, seemed restrained and conservative when compared to the ultramodern French liner. Queen Mary proved to be the more popular vessel than her larger rival, in terms of passengers carried.[10][17]

text: In August 1936, Queen Mary captured the Blue Riband from Normandie, with average speeds of 30.14 knots (55.82 km/h; 34.68 mph) westbound and 30.63 knots (56.73 km/h; 35.25 mph) eastbound. Normandie was refitted with a new set of propellers in 1937 and reclaimed the honour, but in 1938 Queen Mary took back the Blue Riband in both directions with average speeds of 30.99 knots (57.39 km/h; 35.66 mph) westbound and 31.69 knots (58.69 km/h; 36.47 mph) eastbound, records which stood until lost to United States in 1952.

text: Interior[edit]

text: Among facilities available on board Queen Mary, the liner featured two indoor swimming pools, beauty salons, libraries and children's nurseries for all three classes, a music studio and lecture hall, telephone connectivity to anywhere in the world, outdoor paddle tennis courts and dog kennels. The largest room onboard was the cabin class (first class) main dining room (grand salon), spanning three stories in height and anchored by wide columns. The cabin-class swimming pool facility spanned over two decks in height. This was the first ocean liner to be equipped with her own Jewish prayer room – part of a policy to show that British shipping lines avoided the racism evident at that time in Nazi Germany.[18]

text: The cabin-class main dining room featured a large map of the transatlantic crossing, with twin tracks symbolising the winter/spring route (further south to avoid icebergs) and the summer/autumn route. During each crossing, a motorised model of Queen Mary would indicate the vessel's progress en route.

text: As an alternative to the main dining room, Queen Mary featured a separate cabin-class Verandah Grill on the Sun Deck at the upper aft of the ship. The Verandah Grill was an exclusive à la carte restaurant with a capacity of approximately eighty passengers, and was converted to the Starlight Club at night. Also on board was the Observation Bar, an Art Deco-styled lounge with wide ocean views.

text: Woods from different regions of the British Empire were used in her public rooms and staterooms. Accommodation ranged from fully equipped, luxurious cabin (first) class staterooms to modest and cramped third-class cabins. Artists commissioned by Cunard in 1933 for works of art in the interior include Edward Wadsworth and A. Duncan Carse.[19]

text: Second World War[edit]

text: In late August 1939, Queen Mary was on a return run from New York to Southampton. The international situation led to her being escorted by the battlecruiser HMS Hood. She arrived safely, and set out again for New York on 1 September. By the time she arrived, the Second World War had started and she was ordered to remain in port alongside Normandie until further notice.

text: In March 1940 Queen Mary and Normandie were joined in New York by Queen Mary's new sister ship Queen Elizabeth, fresh from her secret dash from Clydebank. The three largest liners in the world sat idle for some time until the Allied commanders decided that all three ships could be used as troopships. Normandie was destroyed by fire during her troopship conversion. Queen Mary left New York for Sydney, Australia, where she, along with several other liners, was converted into a troopship to carry Australian and New Zealand soldiers to the United Kingdom.

text: In the Second World War conversion, the ship's hull, superstructure and funnels were painted navy grey. As a result of her new colour, and in combination with her great speed, she became known as the "Grey Ghost." To protect against magnetic mines, a degaussing coil was fitted around the outside of the hull. Inside, stateroom furniture and decoration were removed and replaced with triple-tiered wooden bunks, which were later replaced by standee bunks.

text: Six miles of carpet, 220 cases of china, crystal and silver service, tapestries and paintings were removed and stored in warehouses for the duration of the war. The woodwork in the staterooms, the cabin-class dining room and other public areas was covered with leather. Queen Mary and Queen Elizabeth were the largest and fastest troopships involved in the war, often carrying as many as 15,000 men in a single voyage, and often travelling out of convoy and without escort. Their high speed and zigzag courses made it virtually impossible for U-boats to catch them.

text: On 2 October 1942, Queen Mary accidentally sank one of her escort ships, slicing through the light cruiser HMS Curacoa off the Irish coast with a loss of 239 lives. Queen Mary was carrying thousands of Americans of the 29th Infantry Division[20] to join the Allied forces in Europe.[21] Due to the risk of U-boat attacks, Queen Mary was under orders not to stop under any circumstances and steamed onward with a fractured stem. Some sources claim that hours later, the convoy's lead escort[clarification needed] returned to rescue 99 survivors of Curacoa's crew of 338, including her captain John W. Boutwood.[22][23][24] This claim is contradicted by the liner's then Staff Captain (and later Cunard Commodore) Harry Grattidge, who records that Queen Mary's Captain immediately ordered the accompanying destroyers to look for survivors within moments of the Curacoa's sinking.[25]

text: In 25–30 July 1943, Queen Mary carried 15,740 soldiers and 943 crews (total 16,683), a standing record for the most passengers ever transported on one vessel.[26] During this trip, while 700 miles (1,100 km) from Scotland during a gale, she was suddenly hit broadside by a rogue wave that may have reached a height of 28 metres (92 ft). An account of this crossing can be found in Carter's book.[27][28] As quoted in the book, Carter's father, Dr. Norval Carter, part of the 110th Station Hospital on board at the time, wrote in a letter that at one point Queen Mary "damned near capsized... One moment the top deck was at its usual height and then, swoom! Down, over, and forward she would pitch." It was calculated later that the ship rolled 52 degrees, and would have capsized had she rolled another 3 degrees.[27] The incident inspired Paul Gallico to write his novel, The Poseidon Adventure (1969) and carry the incident to a fictional extreme. This was adapted as a 1972 film by the same name, in which the SS Poseidon is turned upside-down, and the trapped passengers try to escape. Parts of the film were shot in the actual Queen Mary, conveniently docked in Long Beach.

text: During the war Queen Mary carried British Prime Minister Winston Churchill across the Atlantic for meetings with fellow Allied forces officials on several occasions. He was listed on the passenger manifest as "Colonel Warden".[29] The ship was also used to return American troops from Europe after the war.

text: Post Second World War[edit]

text: After delivering a load of war brides to Canada, Queen Mary made her fastest ever crossing, returning to Southampton in only three days, 22 hours and 42 minutes at an average speed of just under 32 knots (59 km/h).[30] From September 1946 to July 1947, Queen Mary was refitted for passenger service, adding air conditioning and upgrading her berth configuration to 711 first class (formerly called cabin class), 707 cabin class (formerly tourist class) and 577 tourist class (formerly third class) passengers.[31] Following refit, Queen Mary and Queen Elizabeth dominated the transatlantic passenger trade as Cunard White Star's two-ship weekly express service through the latter half of the 1940s and well into the 1950s. They proved highly profitable for Cunard (as the company was renamed in 1947).

text: On 1 January 1949, Queen Mary ran aground off Cherbourg, France. She was refloated the next day[32] and returned to service.

text: In 1958 the first transatlantic flight by a jet began a completely new era of competition for the Cunard Queens. On some voyages, winters especially, Queen Mary sailed into harbour with more crew than passengers, though both she and Queen Elizabeth still averaged over 1,000 passengers per crossing into the middle 1960s.[33] By 1965, the entire Cunard fleet was operating at a loss.

text: Hoping to continue financing the Queen Elizabeth 2 which was under construction at Brown's shipyard, Cunard mortgaged the majority of the fleet. Due to a combination of age, lack of public interest, inefficiency in a new market and the damaging after effects of the national seamen's strike, Cunard announced that both Queen Mary and Queen Elizabeth would be retired from service and sold off. Many offers were submitted, and the bid of $3.45m/£1.2m from Long Beach, California beat the Japanese scrap merchants.[34] Queen Mary was featured in the 1966 action-adventure film Assault on a Queen starring Frank Sinatra.

text:
Queen Mary was retired from service in 1967.[35] On 27 September she completed her 1,000th and last crossing of the North Atlantic, having carried 2,112,000 passengers over 3,792,227 miles (6,102,998 km). Under the command of Captain John Treasure Jones, who had been her captain since 1965, she sailed from Southampton for the last time on 31 October with 1,093 passengers and 806 crew. After a voyage around Cape Horn, she arrived in Long Beach on 9 December.[34]
Queen Elizabeth was withdrawn in 1968 and Queen Elizabeth 2 took over the transatlantic route in 1969.

text: Long Beach[edit]

text: Queen Mary is permanently moored as a tourist attraction, hotel, museum and event facility in Long Beach. From 1983 to 1993, Howard Hughes' plane H-4 Hercules was located in a large dome nearby. The dome was later repurposed as a soundstage for film and television.[36] The structure is now used by Carnival Cruise Lines as a ship terminal, as a venue for the Long Beach Derby Gals roller derby team[37] and as an event venue.[38]

text: Since drilling had started for oil in Long Beach Harbor, some of the revenue had been set aside in the "Tidelands Oil Fund." Some of this money was allocated in 1958 for the future purchase of a maritime museum for Long Beach.[39]

text: Conversion[edit]

text: This section does not cite any sources. Please help improve this section by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. (September 2015) (Learn how and when to remove this template message)

tag: table

text: When Queen Mary was bought by Long Beach, the new owners decided not to preserve her as an ocean liner. It had been decided to clear almost every area of the ship below "C" deck (called "R" deck after 1950, to lessen passenger confusion, as the restaurants were located on "R" deck) to make way for Jacques Cousteau's new Living Sea Museum. This increased museum space to 400,000 square feet (37,000 m2).

text: It required removal of all the boiler rooms, the forward engine room, both turbo generator rooms, the ship stabilisers and the water softening plant. The ship's empty fuel tanks were filled with local mud to keep the ship's centre of gravity and draft at the correct levels, as these critical factors had been affected by the removal of the various components and structure. Only the aft engine room and "shaft alley", at the stern of the ship, would be spared. Remaining space would be used for storage or office space.

text: One problem that arose during the conversion was a dispute between land-based and maritime unions over conversion jobs. The United States Coast Guard had final say. Queen Mary was deemed a building, since most of her propellers had been removed and her machinery gutted. The ship was also repainted with its red water level paint at a slightly higher level than previously. During the conversion the funnels were removed, as this area was needed to lift out the scrap materials from the engine and boiler rooms. Workers found that the funnels were significantly degraded and they were replaced with replicas.

text: With all of the lower decks nearly gutted from R deck and down, Diners Club, the initial lessee of the ship, converted the remainder of the vessel into a hotel. Diners Club Queen Mary dissolved and vacated the ship in 1970 after their parent company, Diners Club International, was sold, and a change in corporate direction was mandated during the conversion process. Specialty Restaurants, a Los Angeles-based company that focused on theme-based restaurants, took over as master lessee the following year.

text: This second plan was based on converting most of her first- and second-class cabins on A and B decks into hotel rooms, and converting the main lounges and dining rooms into banquet spaces. On Promenade Deck, the starboard promenade was enclosed to feature an upscale restaurant and café named Lord Nelson's and Lady Hamilton's; it was themed in the fashion of early-19th century sailing ships. The famed and elegant Observation Bar was redecorated as a western-themed bar.

text: The smaller first-class public rooms, such as the Drawing Room, Library, Lecture Room and the Music Studio, would be stripped of most of their fittings and converted to commercial use. This markedly expanded retail space on the ship. Two more shopping malls were built on the Sun Deck in separate spaces previously used for first-class cabins and engineers' quarters.

text: A post-war feature of the ship, the first-class cinema, was removed for kitchen space for the new Promenade Deck dining venues. The first-class lounge and smoking room were reconfigured and converted into banquet space. The second-class smoking room was subdivided into a wedding chapel and office space. On the Sun Deck, the elegant Verandah Grill would be gutted and converted into a fast-food eatery, while a new upscale dining venue was created directly above it on Sports Deck, in space once used for crew quarters.

text: The second-class lounges were expanded to the sides of the ship and used for banqueting. On R deck, the first-class dining room was reconfigured and subdivided into two banquet venues, the Royal Salon and the Windsor Room. The second-class dining room was subdivided into kitchen storage and a crew mess hall, while the third-class dining room was initially used as storage and crew space.

text: Also on R deck, the first-class Turkish bath complex, the 1930s equivalent to a spa, was removed. The second-class pool was removed and its space initially used for office space, while the first-class swimming pool was open for viewing by hotel guests and visitors. Because of modern safety codes and the compromised structural soundness of the area directly below, the swimming pool could not be used for swimming after the conversion, although it was filled with water until the late 1980s. Today the pool can only be seen on guided tours and is in a derelict condition, having never been maintained by the hotel operators. No second-class, third-class or crew cabins remain intact aboard the ship today.

text: As a tourist attraction[edit]

text: On 8 May 1971 Queen Mary opened her doors to tourists. Initially, only portions of the ship were open to the public as Specialty Restaurants had yet to open its dining venues and PSA had not completed work converting the ship's original First Class staterooms into the hotel. As a result, the ship was open only on weekends. On 11 December 1971 Jacques Cousteau's Museum of the Sea opened, with a quarter of the planned exhibits completed. Within the decade, Cousteau's museum closed due to low ticket sales and the deaths of many of the fish that were housed in the museum. On 2 November 1972 the PSA Hotel Queen Mary opened its initial 150 guest rooms. Two years later, with all 400 rooms finished, PSA brought in Hyatt Hotels to manage the hotel, which operated from 1974 to 1980 as the Queen Mary Hyatt Hotel.[40]

text: By 1980, it had become apparent that the existing system was not working.[41] The ship was losing millions each year for the city because the hotel, restaurants and museum were run by three separate concessionaires, while the city owned the vessel and operated guided tours. It was decided that a single operator with more experience in attractions was needed.[42]

text: Jack Wrather, a local millionaire, had fallen in love with the ship because he and his wife, Bonita Granville, had fond memories of sailing on it numerous times. Wrather signed a 66-year lease with the city of Long Beach to operate the entire property. He oversaw the display of the Spruce Goose, on long-term loan. The immense plane, which had been sitting in a hangar in Long Beach for decades unseen by the public, was installed in a huge geodesic dome adjacent to the liner in 1983, attracting increased attendance.[42]

text: His Wrather Port Properties operated the entire attraction after his death in 1984 until 1988, when his holdings were bought by the Walt Disney Company. Wrather had built the Disneyland Hotel in 1955, when Walt Disney had insufficient funds to construct the resort himself. Disney had been trying to buy the hotel for 30 years. When they finally succeeded, they also acquired  the Queen Mary. This was never marketed as a Disney property.

text: Through the late 1980s and early 1990s the Queen Mary struggled financially. Disney pinned their hopes for turning the attraction around on Port Disney,[43] a huge planned resort on the adjacent docks. It was to include a theme park known as DisneySea, themed around the world's oceans. The plans eventually fell through; in 1992 Disney gave up the lease on the ship to focus on building what would become Disney California Adventure Park. The DisneySea concept was recycled a decade later in Japan as Tokyo DisneySea, with a recreated ocean liner resembling Queen Mary named the SS Columbia as the centrepiece of the American Waterfront area.

text: With Disney gone, the Hotel Queen Mary closed on 30 September 1992. The owners of the Spruce Goose, the Aero Club of Southern California, sold the plane to the Evergreen Aviation & Space Museum in Oregon. The plane departed on barges on 2 October 1992, leaving the huge dome empty. The Queen Mary tourist attraction remained open for another two months, but on 31 December 1992, the Queen Mary completely closed her doors to tourists and visitors.

text: On 5 February 1993, RMS Foundation, Inc signed a five-year lease with the city of Long Beach to act as the operators of the property. The foundation was run by President and C.E.O. Joseph F. Prevratil, who had managed the attraction for Wrather. On 26 February 1993 the tourist attraction reopened completely, while the hotel reopened partially on 5 March with 125 rooms and the banquet facilities, with the remainder of the rooms coming on line on 30 April. In 1995, RMS Foundation's lease was extended to twenty years, while the scope of the lease was reduced to operation of the ship. A new company, Queen's Seaport Development, Inc. (QSDI), was established in 1995 to control the real estate adjacent to the vessel. In 1998, the city of Long Beach extended the QSDI lease to 66 years.

text: In 2005, QSDI sought Chapter 11 protection due to a rent credit dispute with the city. In 2006, the bankruptcy court requested bids from parties interested in taking over the lease from QSDI. The minimum required opening bid was $41M. The operation of the ship, by RMS Foundation, remained independent of the bankruptcy. In summer 2007, Queen Mary's lease was sold to a group named "Save the Queen," managed by Hostmark Hospitality Group.

text: They planned to develop the land adjacent to Queen Mary, and upgrade, renovate and restore the ship. During their management, staterooms were updated with iPod docking stations and flatscreen TVs and the ship's three funnels and waterline area were repainted their original Cunard Red color. The portside Promenade Deck's planking was restored and refinished. Many lifeboats were repaired and patched, and the ship's kitchens were renovated with new equipment.

text: In 2004, Queen Mary and Stargazer Productions added Tibbies Great American Cabaret to the space previously occupied by the ship's bank and wireless telegraph room. Stargazer Productions and Queen Mary transformed the space into a working dinner theatre complete with stage, lights, sound and scullery.[44]

text:
In late September 2009, management of Queen Mary was taken over by Delaware North Companies, who plan to continue restoration and renovation of the ship and its property. They were determined to revitalise and enhance the ship as an attraction.[45] But in April 2011, The city of Long Beach was informed that Delaware North was no longer managing Queen Mary. Garrison Investment Group said this decision was purely business.[46] Delaware North still manages Scorpion, a Soviet submarine that has been a separate attraction next to Queen Mary since 1998.[47]
Evolution Hospitality, LLC. assumed operational control of the Queen Mary on 23 September 2011, with Garrison Investments leasing Queen Mary.[48][49][50]

text: In 2016 Urban Commons, a real estate company, assumed the lease of the Queen Mary. They revealed plans to extensively renovate the liner over the next year, and to redevelop the adjacent 45 acres of parking with a boutique hotel, restaurants, a marina, an amphitheater, jogging trails, bike paths and possibly a huge Ferris wheel, all at a cost of up to $250 million.[51]

text: In July 2017, while making repairs to a bathroom, workers discovered the ship's forward gear room which had once controlled the ships 16-ton anchors. The room was apparently sealed up during the 1960s conversion and was forgotten for decades.[52]

text: In 2017 a report on the ship's condition was issued. The report noted that not only the hull but also the supports for a raised exhibition area within the ship were corroding, and that the ship's deteriorating condition left areas such as the engine room vulnerable to flooding. Repairs were estimated at close to $300 million. In November 2016 the City of Long Beach had put $23 million toward addressing the Queen Mary's most vital repairs. John Keisler, economic and property development director for Long Beach, said, "We have a timeline in which the engineers believe they can complete those immediate projects. These are major challenges we can only address over time; it can't all be done at once." Political leaders in Scotland, birthplace of the Queen Mary, have called for UK Prime Minister Theresa May to pressure the American government to fund a full repair of the liner.[53]

text: Meeting of the Queens[edit]

text:
On 23 February 2006, RMS Queen Mary 2 saluted her predecessor as she made a port of call in Los Angeles Harbor, while on a cruise to Mexico.
In March 2011, Queen Mary was saluted by MS Queen Victoria while fireworks were going on, and on 12 March 2013, MS Queen Elizabeth made a salute while there were fireworks.[54]

text: The salute was carried out with Queen Mary replying with her one working air horn in response to Queen Mary 2 sounding her combination of two brand new horns and an original 1934 Queen Mary horn (on loan from the City of Long Beach).[55] Queen Mary originally had three whistles tuned to 55 Hz, a frequency chosen because it was low enough that the extremely loud sound of it would not be painful to human ears.[56]

text: Modern IMO regulations specify ships' horn frequencies to be in the range 70–200 Hz for vessels that are over 200 metres (660 ft) in length.[57] Traditionally, the lower the frequency, the larger the ship. Queen Mary 2, being 345 metres (1,132 ft) long, was given the lowest possible frequency (70 Hz) for her regulation whistles, in addition to the refurbished 55 Hz whistle on permanent loan. Fifty-five Hz is the "A" note an octave above the lowest note of a standard piano keyboard. The air-driven Tyfon whistle can be heard at least 10 miles (16 km) away.[58]

text: Queen Mary's original, professionally manned wireless radio room was removed when the ship was moored in Long Beach. In its place, an amateur radio room was created one deck above the original radio reception room, with some of the discarded original radio equipment used for display purposes. The amateur radio station, with the call sign W6RO ("Whiskey Six Romeo Oscar"), relies on volunteers from a local amateur radio club. They staff the radio room during most public hours. The radios can also be used by other licensed amateur radio operators.[59][60][61][62]

text: In honour of his over forty years of dedication to W6RO and Queen Mary, in November 2007 the Queen Mary Wireless Room was renamed as the Nate Brightman Radio Room. This was announced on 28 October 2007, at Brightman's 90th birthday party by Joseph Prevratil, former President and CEO of the Queen Mary.[63]

text: Haunting legends[edit]

text: Following Queen Mary's permanent docking in California, claims were made that the ship was haunted.[64]  One of the staterooms is alleged to be haunted by the spirit of a person who supposedly was murdered there.[65] The Queen Mary operates commercial haunted attraction experiences, such as its "Haunted Encounters Tour" and "Ghosts and Legends" tour, which feature "terrifying original stories and characters based the ship’s well-known paranormal tales".[66][67] Skeptical Inquirer writer John Champion has criticized the haunted tours, calling them a "cynical exploitation of the space" and noting that much effort is put into promoting the ship as a “haunted attraction", while efforts to explain or preserve the factual history of the ship are "somehow pushed to the wayside".[68]