document_title: I'm a Celebrity...Get Me Out of Here! (Australian TV series)

question_text: who won i am a celebrity 2018 australia

question_tokens: who won i am a celebrity 2018 australia

root

text: Format[edit]

text: The premise of the show is that there is a group of well known personalities living together in a specially constructed camp site in a jungle. During their time in the jungle they are isolated from the outside world and are not commonly aware of outside events. The contestants compete for $100,000 to be donated to a charity of their choosing, in addition to being personally reimbursed for their participation.[9] While in the jungle, some of the contestants (generally voted by the viewing public) compete in challenges for food and luxuries for the camp. These challenges often involve local wildlife and are meant to take the contestants out of their comfort zone. Each week one or more of the contestants are evicted from the jungle, based on viewer votes. In addition, if the contestants become overwhelmed by their situation they can leave the series by speaking the phrase "I'm a celebrity get me out of here!". However, it is reported that if contestants do quit they will have their income for participating in the series markedly reduced.[10] Throughout the show, additional contestants (called "intruders") enter the competition; and beginning with season two, some contestants are only included temporarily (i.e. having a guest appearance).[11] In the end, a final viewer vote occurs to determine the winner of the series, who is given the title of "King and/or Queen of the Jungle".

tag: p

text: Tucker trials[edit]

text: The contestants take part in daily trials to earn food. These trials aim to test both physical and mental abilities. The winner is usually determined by the number of stars collected during the trial, with each star representing a meal earned by the winning contestant for their camp mates.

text: Celebrity chest challenges[edit]

text: Two or more celebrities are chosen to take part in the celebrity chest challenge to win luxuries for camp. Each challenge involves completing a task to win a chest to take back to camp. However, to win the luxury item in the chest, the campmates must correctly answer a question. If they fail to answer correctly, the luxury item is forfeited and a joke prize is won. The luxury item is "donated" by a celebrity from the outside.

text: Secret mission[edit]

text: This is a challenge where some celebrities have to take part without alerting the other celebrities - if they are successful in their 'missions', they are rewarded.

text: Mystery box[edit]

text: A mystery box sees a box delivered to the campsite, each time containing a different gift for the contestants.

text: Production[edit]

text: Broadcast[edit]

text: The show is broadcast Sunday to Thursday at 7.30 pm, with a weekly eviction show on Sunday (except for the first week, where the celebrities arrive in the 'jungle'). All shows are presented by Julia Morris & Chris Brown from a nearby studio. The program is live to AEDT States (New South Wales, Victoria, Tasmania and the Australian Capital Territory), in other states the program is delayed to accommodate local time zones.

text: The fallout zone[edit]

text: In addition to the television broadcast, for the first season a live feed from the camp site aired for an hour after the AEDT airing of the show on Ten's website and mobile app, titled The Fallout Zone but more commonly referred to as FOZ. The content of feed was available on the website after the fact so viewers in other states could watch the show after their airing of the main show. The feed was hosted by comedian Sam Mac and producer Ciaran "The Butcher" Flannery, also known as "The C-Word". On 8 and 12 March 2015, producer Dominic "The Domin8or" Sullivan filled in during Flannery's absence. The duo interact with viewers through Twitter, using the hashtag #FOZ. Mac and Flannery have no control over the shots used in the stream which has resulted in one episode featuring a 20-minute shot of a waterfall and, on 16 February 2015, a 15-minute conversation featuring a sound technician looking for Bob being picked up. On 5 March 2015 the show famously featured audio problems during which Mac and Flannery's voices fluctuated between chipmunk and Darth Vader filters for the first thirty minutes. The show's theme song is Highway to the Fallout Zone sung by Sam Mac. The show did not return for the second season.

text: Public voting[edit]

text: Throughout the show the public votes on who competes in the following tucker trial and who to evict from the campsite. Viewers can either vote via SMS (by texting the name of the celebrity to 1995 1010) or vote via Social Media (namely Facebook or Twitter) by using the celebrity's hashtag (#celeb[name]). Voting via social media is limited to 20 votes per account. For tucker trial voting, viewers vote for celebrity they wish to compete. For eviction voting, viewers vote for a celebrity to stay. Voting closes at approximately 7:30pm AEDT for Sunday's eviction vote and at approximately 8pm AEDT for voting on other days.

text: Prior to the premiere of the second season, it was announced that the voting process would change slightly compared to the inaugural season. SMS voting wil be used for both trial and eviction voting while Twitter voting will be used exclusively for trial voting. This change was implemented to even the playing field between celebrities with a larger international fan base (who are more likely to receive Twitter votes from said fan base) and celebrities with a smaller fan base who are only known in Australia.[12] However, this decision was later reversed, allowing Twitter and Facebook votes for the finals.[13]

text: Series overview[edit]

text: Winners crowned King or Queen of their respective year.

text: Key:

text:
Season
Presenters
Start date
End date
Days in camp
Campmates
Honour places

Winner
Second place
Third place

1
Chris Brown and Julia Morris
1 February 2015 (2015-02-01)
15 March 2015 (2015-03-15)
45
14
Freddie Flintoff
Barry Hall
Chrissie Swan

2
31 January 2016 (2016-01-31)
13 March 2016 (2016-03-13)
45
12
Brendan Fevola
Paul Harragon
Laurina Fleure

3
29 January 2017 (2017-01-29)
13 March 2017 (2017-03-13)
46
14
Casey Donovan
Dane Swan
Natalie Bassingthwaighte

4
28 January 2018 (2018-01-28)
12 March 2018 (2018-03-12)
45
15
Fiona O'Loughlin
Shannon Noll
Danny Green

5

2019
2019

tag: table

text: Series results[edit]

text: Season 1 (2015)[edit]

text:
Celebrity
Known for
Day Entered
Day Exited
Result

 Freddie Flintoff
England and Wales cricketer
17
45
Winner

 Barry Hall
Former AFL forward
1
45
Runner-up

 Chrissie Swan
Television & radio broadcaster
1
45
Third Place

 Maureen McCormick
The Brady Bunch actress
1
42
Evicted 11th

 Joel Creasey
Comedian
1
41
Evicted 10th

 Anna Heinrich
The Bachelor Australia star
10
41
Evicted 9th

 Julie Goodwin
Chef & cookbook author
17
40
Evicted 8th

 Merv Hughes
Former test match cricketer
1
39
Evicted 7th

 Tyson Mayr
Model
1
38
Evicted 6th

 Andrew Daddo
Television & radio presenter
1
31
Evicted 5th

 Lauren Brant
Hi-5 singer
1
24
Evicted 4th

 Laura Dundovic
Miss Universe Australia 2008
1
17
Evicted 3rd

 Tim Robards
The Bachelor Australia star
10
17
Evicted 2nd

 Leisel Jones
Olympic swimmer
1
10
Evicted 1st

text: Season 2 (2016)[edit]

text:
Celebrity
Known for
Day Entered
Day Exited
Result

 Brendan Fevola
AFL full-forward
1
45
Winner

 Paul Harragon
Former NRL prop forward
1
45
Runner-up

 Laurina Fleure
The Bachelor Australia 2 star
1
45
Third Place

 Anthony Callea
Singer-songwriter
1
42
Evicted 9th

 Shane Warne
Retired international cricketer
2
41
Evicted 8th

 Havana Brown
DJ
1
40
Evicted 7th

 Jo Beth Taylor
Television presenter
1
39
Evicted 6th

 Val Lehman
Prisoner actress
1
38
Evicted 5th

 Dean Geyer
Glee actor
1
31
Evicted 4th

 Bonnie Lythgoe
So You Think You Can Dance Australia judge
1
24
Evicted 3rd

 Akmal Saleh
Comedian
1
17
Evicted 2nd

 Courtney Hancock
Ironwoman
1
10
Evicted 1st

text: Season 3 (2017)[edit]

text:
Celebrity
Known for
Day Entered
Day Exited
Result

 Casey Donovan
Singer-songwriter (Australian Idol Winner)
1
46
Winner

 Dane Swan
AFL Legend
1
46
Runner-Up

 Natalie Bassingthwaighte
Singer & Actress
1
46
Third Place

 Nazeem Hussain
Comedian
1
45
Evicted 11th

 Steve Price
Radio Shock Jock
1
42
Evicted 10th

 Lisa Curry
Olympic Swimmer
1
41
Evicted 9th

 Ash Pollard
My Kitchen Rules contestant
1
40
Evicted 8th

 Carson Kressley
TV Personality
25
39
Evicted 7th

 Tegan Martin
Beauty Queen
1
38
Evicted 6th

 Keira Maguire
The Bachelor Australia 4 star
19
35
Evicted 5th

 Kris Smith
TV Personality & Model
2
35
Evicted 4th

 Tziporah Malkah
Former Model
2
31
Evicted 3rd

 Jay Laga'aia
Actor & Singer
1
24
Evicted 2nd

 Tom Arnold
Hollywood Actor
1
17
Evicted 1st

text: Season 4 (2018)[edit]

text:
Celebrity
Known for
Day Entered
Day Exited
Result

 Fiona O'Loughlin
Comedian
1
45
Winner

 Shannon Noll
Singer
1
45
Runner-up

 Danny Green
Boxer
7
45
Third place

 Vicky Pattison
Reality TV Star (I'm a Celeb UK, Winner)
17
44
Evicted 10th

 Simone Holtznagel
Model
1
41
Evicted 9th

 Peter Rowsthorn
Actor & Comedian
1
40
Evicted 8th

 Jackie Gillies
Psychic & Reality TV Star
1
39
Evicted 7th

 Josh Gibson
AFL Player
1
38
Evicted 6th

 Paul Burrell
Former Royal Butler (I'm a Celeb UK, Runner Up)
17
37
Evicted 5th

 Lisa Oldfield
Reality TV Star
24
34
Evicted 4th

 David Oldfield
Former Politician
24
30
Evicted 3rd

 Kerry Armstrong
Actress
1
23
Evicted 2nd

 Tiffany Darwish
Singer
1
16
Evicted 1st

 Anthony Mundine
Boxer
2
12
Withdrew

 Bernard Tomic
Tennis Player
1
3
Withdrew

text: Season 5 (2019)[edit]

text: Ratings[edit]

text:
Season
Episodes
Premiere
Finale
Source

Premiere date
Premiere viewers
(Opening Night)
Rank
Premiere viewers
(Welcome to the Jungle)
Rank
Finale date
Finale viewers
(Grand final)
Rank
Finale viewers
(Winner announced)
Rank

1
31
1 February 2015 (2015-02-01)
1.199
4
1.136
5
15 March 2015 (2015-03-15)
0.999
8
1.144
3
[14][15]

2
31
31 January 2016 (2016-01-31)
1.324
3
1.081
5
13 March 2016 (2016-03-13)
0.719
8
0.858
6
[16][17]

3
32
29 January 2017 (2017-01-29)
1.103
7
0.963
8
13 March 2017
0.989
6
1.056
2
[18][19]

4
31
28 January 2018 (2018-01-28)
1.274
4
1.108
5
12 March 2018
0.684
11
0.804
8
[20][21]

5

2019

2019

text: Awards and nominations[edit]

text:
Year
Award
Category
Recipients and nominees
Result
Refs.

2016
Logie Awards of 2016
Best Reality Program
I'm a Celebrity...Get Me Out of Here!
Nominated
[22]

2017
Logie Awards of 2017
I'm a Celebrity...Get Me Out of Here!
Nominated
[23]

2018
Logie Awards of 2018
I'm a Celebrity...Get Me Out of Here!
N/A

text: Lawsuit[edit]

text: In June 2017, Tom Arnold filed a lawsuit against Network Ten and A List Entertainment for defrauding him for being on I'm a Celebrity...Get Me Out of Here!. Arnold claims that he was promised a payment of $425,000 and a comedy tour in Australia, however he was missing $140,000 in payment and that Network Ten backed out of the comedy tour.[24]


document_title: An Essay on Criticism

question_text: who said to error is human to forgive divine

text: An Essay on Criticism

text: An Essay on Criticism is one of the first major poems written by the English writer Alexander Pope (1688–1744). It is the source of the famous quotations "To err is human, to forgive divine" and "A little learning is a dang'rous thing," frequently misquoted as "A little knowledge is a dang'rous thing." It first appeared in 1711[1] after having been written in 1709, and it is clear from Pope's correspondence[2] that many of the poem's ideas had existed in prose form since at least 1706. Composed in heroic couplets (pairs of adjacent rhyming lines of iambic pentameter) and written in the Horatian mode of satire, it is a verse essay primarily concerned with how writers and critics behave in the new literary commerce of Pope's contemporary age. The poem covers a range of good criticism and advice, and represents many of the chief literary ideals of Pope's age.

text: Pope contends in the poem's opening couplets that bad criticism does greater harm than bad writing:

text: Despite the harmful effects of bad criticism, literature requires worthy criticism.

text: Pope delineates common faults of poets, e.g., settling for easy and cliché rhymes:

text: Throughout the poem, Pope refers to ancient writers such as Virgil, Homer, Aristotle, Horace and Longinus. This is a testament to his belief that the "Imitation of the ancients" is the ultimate standard for taste. Pope also says, "True ease in writing comes from art, not chance, / As those move easiest who have learned to dance" (362–363), meaning poets are made, not born.

text: As is usual in Pope's poems, the Essay concludes with a reference to Pope himself. Walsh, the last of the critics mentioned, was a mentor and friend of Pope who had died in 1710.

text: An Essay on Criticism was famously and fiercely attacked by John Dennis, who is mentioned mockingly in the work. Consequently, Dennis also appears in Pope's later satire, The Dunciad.

text: Part II of An Essay on Criticism includes a famous couplet:

text: This is in reference to the spring in the Pierian Mountains in Macedonia, sacred to the Muses. The first line of this couplet is often misquoted as "a little knowledge is a dangerous thing".

text: The Essay also gives this famous line (towards the end of Part II):

text: The phrase "fools rush in where angels fear to tread" from Part III has become part of the popular lexicon, and has been used for and in various works.


document_title: Color mixing

question_text: mix red and green to make this colour

question_tokens: mix red and green to make this colour

text: Color mixing

text: Additive mixing[edit]

text: The additive mixing of colors is unintuitive as it does not correspond to the mixing of physical substances (such as paint) which would correspond to subtractive mixing. For instance, one can additively mix yellow and blue by shining yellow light together with blue light, which will result in not green but a white light. As in this example, one should always have the mixture of light in mind when considering additive color mixing as it is the only situation where it occurs. Despite being unintuitive, it is conceptually simpler than subtractive mixing. Two beams of light that are superimposed correspond to additive mixing.

text: By convention, the three primary colors in additive mixing are red, green, and blue. In the absence of color, when no colors are showing, the result is black. If all three primary colors are showing, the result is white. When red and green combine, the result is yellow. When red and blue combine, the result is magenta. When blue and green combine, the result is cyan.

text: Additive mixing is used in television and computer monitors to produce a wide range of colors using only three primary colors. A pixel is a juxtaposition of these three primary colors. Projection televisions typically have three projectors, one for each primary color.

text: Subtractive mixing[edit]

text: The mixing of colored physical substances corresponds to subtractive color mixing, hence it corresponds to our intuition about mixing colors. To explain the mechanism, let us consider mixing red paint with yellow paint. The red paint is red because when the ambient light strikes it, the composition of the material is such that it absorbs all other colors in the visible spectrum except for red. The red light, not being absorbed, reflects off the paint and is what we see. This same mechanism describes the color of all material objects -- note that light is not a material object -- and so applies to the yellow paint as well. Making recourse to the figure above demonstrating additive color mixing, one sees that yellow light is composed of an (additive) mixture of red and green light. When we mix the two paints, the resulting substance has red paint and yellow paint. The yellow paint absorbs all colors except for red and green. However, the red paint will absorb the green reflected by the yellow paint. The red paint can be said to subtract the green from the yellow paint. The resulting paint reflects only red light and so appears red to our eyes. Note however that this description is theoretical and that the mixing of pigments does not correspond to ideal subtractive color mixing because some light from the subtracted color is still being reflected by one component of the original paint. This results in a darker and desaturated color compared to the color that would be achieved with ideal filters.

text: The three primary colors in subtractive mixing that produce the largest gamut are yellow, magenta and cyan, leading to the CMYK color model widely used in color printing. Historically, painters have used yellow, red and blue in place of these, resulting in reduced gamut. In subtractive mixing of color, the absence of color is white and the presence of all three primary colors is black. The secondary colors are the same as the primary colors from additive mixing, and vice versa. This is not an accident. By mixing additive secondary colors subtractively one can reachieve the primary additive colors. Subtractive mixing is used to create a variety of colors when printing on paper by combining a small number of ink colors, and also when painting. Red is created by mixing magenta and yellow (removing green and blue). Green is created by mixing cyan and yellow (removing red and blue respectively). Blue is created by mixing cyan and magenta (removing red and green). Black can be approximated by mixing cyan, magenta, and yellow, although real pigments are not ideal and so pure black is nearly impossible to achieve.


document_title: India women's national cricket team

question_text: when did women's cricket start in india

question_tokens: when did women 's cricket start in india

text: India women's national cricket team

text: History[edit]

text: The British brought cricket to India in the early 1700s, with the first cricket match played in 1721.[10] The first Indian cricket club was established by the Parsi community in Bombay, in 1848; the club played their first match against the Europeans in 1877.[11] The first official Indian cricket team was formed in 1911 and toured England, where they played English county teams.[12] The India team made their Test debut against England in 1932.[13] Around the same time (1934), the first women's Test was played between England and Australia.[14] However, women's cricket arrived in India much later; the Women's Cricket Association of India was formed in 1973.[15] The Indian women's team played their first Test match in 1976, against the West Indies.[16]  India recorded its first-ever Test win in November 1978 against West Indies under Shantha Rangaswamy's captaincy at the Moin-ul-Haq Stadium in Patna.[17][18]

text: As part of the International Cricket Council's initiative to develop women's cricket, the Women's Cricket Association of India was merged with the Board of Control for Cricket in India in 2006.[19]

text: Current international rankings Top 10[edit]

text: The ICC Women's Rankings incorporates results from Tests, ODIs and T20Is into a single ranking system.

text:
ICC Women's Rankings vte

Rank
Team
Matches
Points
Rating

1

 Australia
54
7,157
133

2

 England
45
5,715
127

3

 New Zealand
57
6,900
121

4

 India
59
6,672
113

5

 West Indies
48
4,725
98

6

 South Africa
62
5,775
93

7

 Pakistan
52
3,920
75

8

 Sri Lanka
52
3,256
63

9

 Bangladesh
19
704
37

10

 Ireland
17
504
30

Reference: icc-cricket.com, espncricinfo.com, 31 March 2018

text: Governing body[edit]

text: The Board of Control for Cricket in India (BCCI) is the governing body for the Indian cricket team and first-class cricket in India. The Board has been operating since 1929 and represents India at the International Cricket Council. It is amongst the richest sporting organisations in the world. It sold media rights for India's matches from 2006–2010 for US$612,000,000.[20] It manages the Indian team's sponsorships, its future tours and team selection.

text: The International Cricket Council determines India's upcoming matches through its future tours program.

text: Team colours[edit]

text: Team colour is blue.

text: International grounds[edit]

text: Fourteen grounds in India have hosted women's international Test cricket matches. The first women's international test cricket match hosted in India was held at the M. Chinnaswamy Stadium in Bangalore on 31 October 1976.

text: Six grounds in India have hosted women's T20I matches. The first women's T20I match hosted in India was held at the Bandra Kurla Complex Ground in Mumbai on 4 March 2010.

text: Captains[edit]

text: Results and fixtures[edit]

text: The recent results and forthcoming fixtures of India in international cricket:

text:
Bilateral series and tours

Date

Against

H/A/N

Results [Matches]

Test

WODI

WT20I

February 2018

 South Africa

Away

–
2–1 [3]
3–1 [5]

March 2018

 Australia

Home

–
0–3 [3]
–

April 2018

 England

Home

–
2–1 [3]
–

Summer 2018

 Sri Lanka

Away

–
[3]
–

February–March 2019

 New Zealand

Away

–
[3]
–

text:
Multiteam series and tournaments

Date

Series

Format

Position

Results [Matches]

March 2018

 2017–18 India women's Tri-Nation Series

WT20I

3rd place

1–3 [4]

June 2018

 2018 Women's Twenty20 Asia Cup

WT20I

Runner's up

4–2 [6]

text: Current squad[edit]

text: This lists all the players who have played for India in the past 12 months and the forms in which they have played.

text: Key

text:
C/G = Contract grade
S/N = Shirt number

tag: ul

text:
Name

Age

Batting style

Bowling style

Domestic team

Zone

C/G

Forms

S/N

Test and ODI Captain

Mithali Raj
35
Right-handed
Right-arm leg break
Railways Rajasthan
Central
A
Test, ODI, T20I
3

T20I Captain

Harmanpreet Kaur
29
Right-handed
Right-arm medium fast
Railways Punjab
North
A
ODI, T20I
17

Batswomen

Thirush Kamini
28
Left-handed
Leg break
Railways
Central Tamil Nadu
-
T20I
16

Veda Krishnamurthy
25
Right-handed
Right-arm leg break
Karnataka
South
B
ODI, T20I
79

Smriti Mandhana
22
Left-handed
Right-arm medium
Maharashtra
West
A
ODI, T20I
18

Mona Meshram
26
Right-handed
Right-arm medium

C
ODI, T20I

Poonam Raut
28
Right-handed
Right-arm offbreak
Railways
Central
C
ODI, T20I
14

Vellaswamy Vanitha
28
Right-handed
Right-arm offbreak
Karnataka
South
-
ODI, T20I
14

Latika Kumari
26
Right-handed
Right-arm offbreak
Delhi
North
-
T20I
15

Jemimah Rodrigues
17
Right-handed
Right-arm offbreak
Delhi
North
C
ODI, T20I

Wicket-keeper

Sushma Verma
25
Right-handed
n/a
Himachal Pradesh
North
C
ODI, T20I
5

Ravi Kalpana
22
Right-handed
n/a
Andhra
South
-
ODI, T20I
11

Nuzhat Parveen
22
Right-handed
n/a
Railways
Central
C
ODI, T20I

Taniya Bhatia
20
Right-handed
n/a
Punjab
North
C
ODI, T20I

All-rounders

Jhulan Goswami
35
Right-handed
Right-arm medium fast
Bengal
East
A
Test, ODI, T20I
25

Shikha Pandey
29
Right-handed
Right-arm medium fast
Goa
South
B
ODI, T20I
99

Deepti Sharma
20
Left-handed
Right-arm off spin
Uttar Pradesh
North
B
ODI, T20I
6

Anuja Patil
26
Right-handed
Right-arm off spin
Maharashtra
West
C
ODI, T20I
82

Bowlers

Ekta Bisht
32
Right-handed
Slow left-arm orthodox
Railways
Central
B
ODI, T20I
8

Rajeshwari Gayakwad
27
Right-handed
Slow left-arm orthodox
Railways
Central
B
ODI, T20I
1

Mansi Joshi
24
Right-handed
Right-arm medium-fast

C
ODI, T20I

Sneh Rana
24
Right-handed
Right-arm offbreak
Punjab
North
-
ODI, T20I
7

Pooja Vastrakar
18
Right-handed
Right-arm medium
Railways
Central
C
T20I

Poonam Yadav
26
Right-handed
Right-arm legbreak

C
ODI, T20I

Radha Yadav
18
Right-handed
Right-arm leg break
Railways
North
-
T20I

text: The BCCI awarded contracts to women cricketers for the first time in the 2015-16 fiscal year.[21] Contracts are pay graded according to the importance of the player. Players' salaries are as follows:

text:
Grade A – ₹50 lakh (US$73,000) per annum
Grade B – ₹30 lakh (US$44,000) per annum
Grade C – ₹10 lakh (US$15,000) per annum[22]

text: Support Staff[edit]

text:
Team Manager-Monica Sumra
Director Of Cricket-Rajani Venugopal
Head Coach-Anjum Chopra
Assistant Head Coach-Neetu David
Batting Coach-Pramila Bhatt
Batting Consultant-Mithali Raj
Fast Bowling Coach-Amita Sharma
Spin Bowling Coach-Nooshin Al Khadeer
Bowling Consultant-Jhulan Goswami
Youth Development Coach-Mamatha Maben
Fielding Coach-Rita Dey
Wicket Keeping Coach-Anju Jain
Physiotherapist-Tracy Fernandes
Fitness Trainer-Neelima Batav
Analyst-Aarti Nalge

text: Tournament history[edit]

text:
World Cup record

Year and Host
Played
Won
Lost
Tie
NR
Position

1973

DNP

1978
3
0
3
0
0
Fourth[23]

1982
12
4
8
0
0
Fourth[24]

1988

DNP

1993
7
4
3
0
0
Fourth[25]

1997
5
3
1
1
0
Semi-Finalists

2000
8
5
3
0
0
Semi-Finalists[26]

2005
8
5
2
0
1
Runners-Up

2009
7
5
2
0
0
3rd Place[27][28]

2013
4
2
2
0
0
7th Place[29]

2017
9
6
3
0
0
Runners-Up[30]

TOTAL
63
34
27
1
1
Runners-Up (2 Times)

text: Note- In the 1997 World Cup, a match was abandoned between India and Sri Lanka. In 2005 World Cup, a match was abandoned between India and Australia. Both these matches are not included in any categories.[31]

text:
World Twenty20 record

Year
Played
Won
Lost
Tie
NR
Position

2009
4
2
2
0
0
Semi-Finalists

2010
4
2
2
0
0
Semi-Finalists

2012
3
0
3
0
0
Group Stage[32]

2014
5
3
2
0
0
Group Stage

2016
5
1
4
0
0
Group Stage

TOTAL
21
8
13
0
0
Semi-Finalists (2 Times)

text: Individual records[edit]

text: Statistics[edit]

text: One-Day Internationals[edit]

text:
Opponent

Matches

Won

Lost

Tied

No Result

% Won

First

Last

 Australia

46
9
37
0
0
19.56
1978
2018

 Bangladesh

4
4
0
0
0
100.00
2013
2017

 Denmark

1
1
0
0
0
100.00
1993
1993

 England

66
28
36
0
2
43.75
1978
2018

 International XI

3
3
0
0
0
100.00
2013
2013

 Ireland

12
12
0
0
0
100.00
1993
2017

 Netherlands

3
3
0
0
0
100.00
1993
2000

 New Zealand

45
17
27
1
0
38.88
1978
2017

 Pakistan

10
10
0
0
0
100.00
2005
2017

 South Africa

19
11
7
0
1
61.11
1997
2018

 Sri Lanka

26
24
1
0
1
96.00
2000
2017

 Zimbabwe

1
1
0
0
1
100
2017
2017

 West Indies

22
18
4
0
0
81.81
1993
2017

Total

258
141
112
1
4
55.83
1978
2018

Statistics are correct as of  India v  England at Nagpur, 3rd ODI, April 12, 2018.[33][34] vte

text:
Most ODI runs for India[35]

Player
Runs
Average

Mithali Raj
6,373
50.18

Anjum Chopra
2,856
31.38

Harmanpreet Kaur
2,196
35.41

Jaya Sharma
2,091
30.75

Anju Jain
1,729
29.81

Poonam Raut
1,670
32.11

Smriti Mandhana
1,464
37.53

Deepti Sharma
1,230
43.92

Hemlata Kala
1,023
20.87

Jhulan Goswami
1,011
13.66

Most ODI wickets for India[36]

Player
Wickets
Average

Jhulan Goswami
203
21.77

Neetu David
141
16.34

Nooshin Al Khadeer
100
24.02

Amita Sharma
87
35.52

Ekta Bisht
79
21.39

Gouher Sultana
66
19.39

Rumeli Dhar
63
27.38

Deepa Marathe
60
20.83

Rajeshwari Gayakwad
59
16.64

Shikha Pandey
54
21.44

text:
Highest team total: 358/3 v Ireland, 15 May 2017 at Senwes Park, South Africa [37]
Highest individual score: 188 Deepti Sharma v Ireland, 15 May 2017 at Senwes Park, South Africa [38]
Best innings bowling: 6/10, Mamatha Maben v Sri Lanka, 25 April 2004 at Asgiriya Stadium,  Sri Lanka

text: Twenty20 Internationals[edit]

text:
Opponent

Matches

Won

Lost

Tied

No Result

% Won

First

Last

 Australia

14
3
11
0
0
21.42
2008
2018

 Bangladesh

11
9
2
0
0
81.81
2013
2018

 England

13
3
10
0
0
23.07
2006
2018

 Malaysia

1
1
0
0
0
100.00
2018
2018

 New Zealand

7
2
5
0
0
28.57
2009
2015

 Pakistan

10
8
2
0
0
80.00
2009
2018

 South Africa

6
4
1
0
1
80.00
2014
2018

 Sri Lanka

12
9
3
0
0
75.00
2009
2018

 Thailand

1
1
0
0
0
100.00
2018
2018

 West Indies

13
5
8
0
0
38.46
2011
2016

Total

88
45
42
0
1
51.72
2006
2018

Statistics are correct as of  India v  Bangladesh at Kuala Lumpur, Women's Twenty20 Asia Cup final, June 10, 2018.[39][40] vte

text:
Most T20I runs for India[41]

Player
Runs
Average

Mithali Raj
2,026
36.83

Harmanpreet Kaur
1,557
27.31

Smriti Mandhana
826
23.60

Poonam Raut
719
27.65

Veda Krishnamurthy
596
18.62

Jhulan Goswami
405
10.94

Sulakshana Naik
384
14.76

Amita Sharma
383
14.73

Anuja Patil
260
17.33

Anjum Chopra
241
17.21

Most T20I wickets for India[42]

Player
Wickets
Average

Jhulan Goswami
56
21.94

Poonam Yadav
50
14.12

Ekta Bisht
50
14.30

Anuja Patil
31
23.48

Gouher Sultana
29
26.27

Priyanka Roy
21
12.47

Rajeshwari Gayakwad
20
19.80

Shikha Pandey
18
25.66

Harmanpreet Kaur
17
28.94

Diana David
16
14.18

text: Test cricket[edit]

text: Test record versus other nations

text:
Opponent

Matches

Won

Lost

Draw

W/L ratio

% Won

% Lost

% Draw

First

Last

 Australia

9
0
4
5
0.00
0.00
44.44
55.55
1977
2006

 England

13
2
1
10
2.00
15.38
7.69
76.92
1986
2014

 New Zealand

6
0
0
6
0.00
0.00
0.00
100.00
1977
2003

 South Africa

2
2
0
0
-
100.00
0.00
0.00
2002
2014

 West Indies

6
1
1
4
1.00
16.66
16.66
66.66
1976
1976

Total

36
5
6
25
0.83
13.88
16.66
69.44
1976
2014

Statistics are correct as of  India v  South Africa at Mysore, Nov 16-19, 2014.[43][44] vte

text:
Most Test runs for India[45]

Player
Runs
Average

Sandhya Agarwal
1,110
50.45

Shanta Rangaswamy
750
32.60

Shubhangi Kulkarni
700
23.33

Mithali Raj
663
51.00

Gargi Banerji
614
27.90

Sudha Shah
601
18.78

Anjum Chopra
548
30.44

Hemlata Kala
503
50.30

Most Test wickets for India[46]

Player
Wickets
Average

Diana Edulji
63
25.77

Shubhangi Kulkarni
60
27.45

Neetu David
41
18.90

Jhulan Goswami
40
16.62

Shashi Gupta
25
31.28

Shanta Rangaswamy
21
31.61

Sharmila Chakraborty
19
22.10

Purnima Rau
15
21.26

text:
Highest team total: 467 v England, 14 August 2002 at County Ground, Taunton, England
Highest individual score: 214, Mithali Raj v England, 14 August 2002 at County Ground, Taunton, England
Best innings bowling: 8/53, Neetu David v England, 24 November 1995 at Jamshedpur, India
Best match bowling: 10/78, Jhulan Goswami v England, 29 August 2006 at County Ground, Taunton, England


document_title: Measurement of land in Punjab

question_text: how many kanals in one acre in pakistan

question_tokens: how many kanals in one acre in pakistan

text: Measurement of land in Punjab

text:
[hide]This article has multiple issues. Please help improve it or discuss these issues on the talk page. (Learn how and when to remove these template messages)

This article does not cite any sources. Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. (February 2010) (Learn how and when to remove this template message)

This article is an orphan, as no other articles link to it. Please introduce links to this page from related articles; try the Find link tool for suggestions. (March 2012)

The topic of this article may not meet Wikipedia's general notability guideline. Please help to establish notability by citing reliable secondary sources that are independent of the topic and provide significant coverage of it beyond its mere trivial mention. If notability cannot be established, the article is likely to be merged, redirected, or deleted.
Find sources: "Measurement of land in Punjab" – news · newspapers · books · scholar · JSTOR (February 2010) (Learn how and when to remove this template message)

(Learn how and when to remove this template message)

text: The following are the basic 'measurements of land used in Pakistan Punjab , Indian Punjab and Haryana' in ascending order.

text:
one 'karam' is 5.5 ft
one 'marla' is 9 square karams (3x3)(272.25 sq ft)(30.25 gaz)
one 'kanaal' is 20 marlas (5,445 sq ft)
one 'bigha' is of 4 knaals (21780 sq. ft)
one 'killa' is of 8 kanaals
one 'murabba' is 25 killas (1,089,000 sq ft = 25 acres)

text: A killa or Acre is measured rectangularly, reckoned as an area 36 karams (198 ft) x 40 karams (220 ft) (43,560 square ft). 5/8th of a Killa or Acre is known as Bigha

text: Homes (Kothis) are measured in marlas and kanaals. Most are two to four kanaals but the big ones can be anything from four to six kanaals.

text: A couple of older measures:

text:
one biswa = 15 Sq karams; 12 biswas = 1 kanaal (605 gaz)
one bigha = 60 biswas - 3025 square yards - 2530 sq m

text: i)In all areas consolidated on the basis of the standard measure of 66 inches i.e. Karam or Gatha:

text: - 1. 1 Sq. Karam or Sarsahi 3.3611111 Sq.yds.

text: 2. 9 Sarsahies or 1 Marla 30.249999 Sq.yds say 30.25 Sq.yds.

text: 3. 20 Marlas or 1 Kanal 604.99996 Sq.yds say 605 Sq.yds.

text: 4. 160 Marlas or 8 Kanals 4839.99998 Sq.yds.say 4840 Sq.yds. (1 acre or 1 killa)

text: (ii)In the areas consolidated on the basis of the local meas ure and the non- consolidated areas of Amritsar, Gurdaspur, (except Shahpur Hill Circle and Chak Andar in Pathankot tehsil), Ferozepur (except Fazilka) and the erstwhile pr incelyState of Faridkot. Also applicable for Lahore (Pakistan):

text: 1. 1 Karam 60 inches

text: 2. 1 Sq. Karam or Sarsahi 2.777777 Sq. yds.

text: 3. 9 Sarsahies or 1 Marla 24.999999 Sq. yards say 25 Sq.yards.

text: 4. 20 Marlas or 1 Kanal 499.9999 Sq. yards say 500 Sq.yards

text: 5. 193.60 Marlas (9 Kanals1 Acre or 4840 Sq.yds 13 Marlas 5 Sarsahis)

text: (iii) In the areas consolidated on the basis of the local measure and the non- consolidated areas of Hoshiarpur, Jalandhar, Anandpur Sahib (Ropar) and the Shahpur hill Circle in Gurdaspur District:

text: 1.1 Karam 57.5 inches

text: 2. 1 Sq. Karam or Sarsahi 2.5511188 Sq.yds.

text: 3. 9 Sarsahies or 1 Marla 22.960069 Sq.yards say 22.96 Sq.yds

text: 4. 20 Marlas or 1 Kanal 459.20138 Sq.yards say 459 Sq.yards.

text: 5. 160 Marlas (8 Kanals I Acre or 4840 Sq.yds. (iv) In the area consolidated on the basis of the local measure and the non-consolidated areas of the erstwhile princely State of Kapurthala:

text: 1. 1 Karam 54 inches

text: 2. 1 Sq. Karam or Sarsahi 2.25 Sq.yds.

text: 3. 9 Sarsahies or 1 Marla 30.25 Sq.yards

text: 4. 20 Marlas or 1 Kanal 405 Sq.yards.

text: 5. 239 Marlas (11 Kanals1 Acre or 4840 Sq.yds.19 Marlas)

text: 1 Karam or Gat ha x 1 Karam or Gatha

text: 1 Sq. Karam or Biswansi 20 Biswansis

text: 1 Biswa20 Biswa 1 Satty2

text: Sq Feet Sq Gaz Sq Meter Karams Marla Kanaal Killa Begha Muraba 272.25 30.25 25.293 9 1 0.05 0.00625 0.0005 0.00025 1361.25 151.25 126.465 45 5 0.25 0.03125 0.0025 0.00125 2722.5 302.5 252.93 90 10 0.5 0.0625 0.005 0.0025 5445 605 505.86 180 20 1 0.125 0.01 0.005 43560 4840 4046.88 1440 160 8 1 0.08 0.04 27225 3025 2529.3 900 100 5 0.625 0.05 0.025 1089000 121000 101172 36000 4000 200 25 2 1

text: Good work

text: Units of measurementPunjabEconomic history of IndiaEconomic history of PakistanMetrication

text: Articles lacking sources from February 2010All articles lacking sourcesOrphaned articles from March 2012All orphaned articlesArticles with topics of unclear notability from February 2010All articles with topics of unclear notability


document_title: Aerial silk

question_text: what do you call a person who does acrobatics

text: Aerial silk

text: Tricks[edit]

text: The three main categories of tricks are climbs, wraps, and drops. Climbs employed by aerialists range from purely practical and efficient, such as the Russian climb, to athletic and elegant tricks of their own, such as the straddle climb. Wraps are static poses where aerialists wrap the silks around one or more parts of their body. In general, the more complicated the wrap, the stronger the force of friction and the less effort required to hold oneself up. Some wraps, such as the straddle-back-balance, actually allow performers to completely release their hands. Foot locks are a sub-category of wraps where the silks are wrapped around one or both feet, for instance, an ankle hang. In a drop, performers wrap themselves up high on the silks before falling to a lower position. Drops can combine aspects of free fall, rolling or otherwise rotating oneself before landing in a new pose. Preparation for a drop can make for a pretty wrap, but the ultimate goal is the fall rather than the pose. Of the three trick types, drops require the most strength and are also the most potentially dangerous. Rosin (dry or mixed with rubbing alcohol) is employed to help performers maintain their grip. Aerial silks are a demanding art and require a high degree of strength, power, flexibility, courage, stamina, and grace to practice.

text: Fabrics[edit]

text: The fabrics used as silks are very strong with some give and flexibility. The fabric is 2-way stretch polyester lycra or Tricot Nylon. The width varies depending on the routine and the acrobat. The fabric is usually quite long, as it is doubled for rigging, giving the acrobat two strips of fabric to work with as they perform.[citation needed]

text:
Stretch

Low stretch fabrics. Low stretch fabrics are primarily used by beginners who have not yet developed proper climbing technique.
Medium stretch fabrics. Medium stretch fabrics are the principal choice of professional aerialists and graduates of professional training programs.

Width. Fabric width is mostly a personal choice. The thickness of the fabric when gathered is also influenced by the "denier", or technical thickness of the fabric's weave. 40 denier is a common choice. The following applies to 40 denier nylon fabric:

60" - Narrow when open, thin when gathered. Fairly common simply because the fabric is widely available.
72-84” - Average for adult performers
96" - Wide when open, thick when gathered. Best for adults with large hands.
108” - Very wide and thick. For adults with very large hands, or specialty acts.

Length

Length is a function of the height of the space available.
For beginners, it is beneficial if the fabric comes down past the ground, allowing them to practice wraps at a lower level where they can be spotted.
For intermediate users and above, it is sufficient if the fabrics come down to the ground.
For all users, the space required is usually between 20 feet (6 m) and 30 feet (9 m). There are a great many tricks that can be done on a 12-to-15-foot (3.7 to 4.6 m) aerial fabric and a few drops require more than 30 feet, but for the most part 20 to 30 feet (6 to 9 m) is best.

text: History[edit]

text: Aerial silks were invented in 1995 by André Simard, the journey began when he was hired by Cirque du Soleil to develop and research acrobatics in 1987, his job was to discover original and imaginative ways to attract the audience to the shows. (“The beautiful yet dangerous art of aerial silk”, 2010). Now silks have been incorporated into circus arts as well as a form of aerial fitness.

text: Rigging[edit]

text: Aerial rigging applies to the hanging of aerial silks and hammocks. Aerial silk rigging equipment commonly includes:

text:
a figure-eight descender, rescue eight, ring, or another piece of hardware for holding the silk
a ball-bearing swivel to keep the silk from twisting and to allow for spinning, which is sometimes not used but makes spinning more manageable
carabiners for connecting the silk hardware to the swivel, and for connecting the swivel to a mounting point, so depending on the setup, there can be multiple carabiners in use at one time.

text: Carabiners are the most used rigging piece for all aerial arts, but only two or three styles are safe for aerial use, these are the auto lock gate and screw gate carabiner. rated two different ways, one for the spine and one for the gate, though distributing weight on the gate is not recommended for it is about 1/3 of the spine kN rating. When using a carabiner for aerial arts, it is important to hook, then rotate and screw downwards, so there is little or no risk that the carabiner will accidentally open or that the screw gate will become unscrewed, also the top part of a carabiner is stronger.

text:
A span set or daisy chain can be used to add length to the silks if needed, they can also be used to wrap around a beam.
A span set is a polyester loop that can hold up to 44kN (10,000 lbs.), depending on the quality.
A daisy chain is made of nylon webbing with loops sewn on, to offer more length variation, but it is less strong then a span set and may not be able to withstand the downward force of drops and other aerial tricks. A basic daisy chain tops out at around 4kN (1,000 lbs.) on each loop, and end to end is around 22kN (5,000 lbs.). (Providing Hardware For Flight)

text: Kilo Newtons[edit]

text: A KiloNewton or (kN) is a measurement of weight in motion. Knowing the weight that your rigging and hang point can withstand is important for your safety and the maintenance of your equipment. Example: A 100-pound aerialist dropping 5 feet on silks, with half a foot of stopping distance and the stretch of the silks, calculates to 1,100 pounds of force exerted on rigging, silks, and person. (Types of Carabiners and What KN Ratings Mean.) Equation: W x (1 + D falling/ D stopping) Example with the equation:


document_title: List of Tom and Jerry characters

question_text: what is the name of the cat in tom and jerry

question_tokens: what is the name of the cat in tom and jerry

text: List of Tom and Jerry characters

text: Main characters[edit]

text: Tom Cat and Jerry Mouse[edit]

text: Tom (named "Jasper" in his debut appearance) is a grey and white domestic shorthair cat. "Tom" is a generic name for a male cat. He is usually but not always, portrayed as living a comfortable, or even pampered life, while Jerry (named "Jinx" in his debut appearance) is a small, brown, house mouse who always lives in close proximity to Tom. Despite being very energetic, determined and much larger, Tom is no match for Jerry's wits. Jerry also possesses surprising strength for his size, approximately the equivalent of Tom's, lifting items such as anvils with relative ease and withstanding considerable impacts. Although cats typically chase mice to consume them, it is quite rare for Tom to actually try to consume Jerry. Most of his attempts are just to torment or humiliate Jerry, sometimes in revenge, and sometimes to obtain a reward from a human for catching Jerry. By the final "fade-out" of each cartoon, Jerry usually emerges triumphant, while Tom is shown as the loser.

text: However, other results may be reached. On rare occasions, Tom triumphs, usually when Jerry becomes the aggressor or when he pushes Tom a little too far. In The Million Dollar Cat Jerry learns that Tom will lose his newly acquired wealth if he harms any animal, "including a mouse;" he then torments Tom a little too much until he retaliates. In Timid Tabby Tom's look-alike cousin pushes Jerry over the edge. Occasionally and usually ironically, they both lose, usually when Jerry's final trap or attack on Tom backfires or Jerry overlooks something. In Chuck Jones' Filet Meow, Jerry orders a shark from the pet store to scare Tom away from eating a goldfish, but finds himself entirely intimidated as well. Finally, they occasionally end up being friends, although within this set of stories, there is often a last minute event that ruins the truce. One story that has friendly ending is Snowbody Loves Me.

text: Both characters display sadistic tendencies, in that they are equally likely to take pleasure in tormenting each other, although it is often in response to a triggering event. However, when one character appears to truly be in mortal danger from an unplanned situation or due to actions by a third party, the other will develop a conscience and save him. Occasionally, they bond over a mutual sentiment towards an unpleasant experience and their attacking each other is more play than serious attacks. Multiple shorts show the two getting along with minimal difficulty, and they are more than capable of working together when the situation calls for it, usually against a third party who manages to torture and humiliate them both. Sometimes this partnership is forgotten quickly when an unexpected event happens, or when one character feels that the other is no longer necessary. This is the case in Posse Cat, when they agree that Jerry will allow himself to be caught if Tom agrees to share his reward dinner, but Tom then reneges. Other times however, Tom does keep his promise to Jerry and the partnerships are not quickly dissolved after the problem is solved.

text: Tom changes his love interest many times. The first love interest is Toots who appears in Puss n' Toots, and calls him "Tommy" in The Mouse Comes to Dinner. He is also interested in a cat called Toots in The Zoot Cat although she has a different appearance to the original Toots. The most frequent love interest of Tom's is Toodles Galore, who never has any dialogue in the cartoons.

text: Despite six shorts ending with a depiction of Tom's apparent death, his demise is never permanent; he even reads about his own death in a flashback in Jerry's Diary. He appears to die in explosions in Mouse Trouble (after which he is seen in heaven), Yankee Doodle Mouse and in Safety Second,"Heavenly Puss" while in The Two Mouseketeers he is guillotined offscreen.(except Heavenly Puss,Tom is just having a dream)

text: Hanna-Barbera era[edit]

text: The following characters were introduced in the theatrical shorts that were directed by William Hanna and Joseph Barbera.

text: Spike and Tyke[edit]

text: Spike, occasionally referred to as Butch or Killer, is a stern but occasionally dumb American bulldog who is particularly disapproving of cats, but a softie when it comes to mice (though in his debut appearance, Dog Trouble, Spike goes after both Tom and Jerry), and later, his son Tyke. In the shorts Jerry would often try to get Tom in trouble with Spike making him a shoo-in for a beating from the bulldog. Spike has a few weaknesses that Tom tries to capitalize upon: his possessiveness about his bone and his ticklishness. He made his first appearance in the 1942 Tom and Jerry cartoon Dog Trouble, and his first speaking role was in 1944's The Bodyguard, where he was voiced by Billy Bletcher up until 1949, from which point he was voiced by Daws Butler. Unlike his father Spike, Tyke does not speak. He only communicates by yapping, whimpering, growling, facial expressions and wagging his tail. In Tom and Jerry Kids, Tyke does have a speaking role in the program and is the first time that viewers were able to hear Tyke speak. Spike is very protective towards his son and gets very angry at Tom if Tyke is bothered or harmed. Although Tyke has spoken in Tom and Jerry Kids, he has laughed in one Tom and Jerry short. After Daws Butler, Maurice LaMarche, Frank Welker, John DiMaggio, Michael Donovan, Phil LaMarr and currently Rick Zieff would all perform Spike's voice. Tyke's vocal effects are provided by Frank Welker and speaking roles by Patric Zimmerman.

text: Butch[edit]

text: Butch (voiced by Frank Graham, later Daws Butler due to Graham's death) is a black alley cat who made his first appearance in the Tom and Jerry series in the 1943 short Baby Puss, alongside Topsy and the already-established Meathead. His character, however (along with the character of Toodles Galore), first appeared in the 1941 MGM short The Alley Cat, directed by Hugh Harman, Butch's only solo cartoon. Butch is the leader of the alley cat bullies who are usually friends with Tom and help him catch Jerry. In his first appearance, however, Butch was an antagonist, tormenting Tom after Tom's young girl owner treated him like a baby—to the point of dressing Tom up in a diaper, a bonnet, and pink paw mittens. Thus costumed, Tom couldn't help but be a figure of fun—both for Butch and his gang, and for Jerry. Butch also battles with Tom over Toodles Galore and her affections in a couple of shorts including the 1946 short, Springtime for Thomas and the 1951 short Casanova Cat. In some cartoons, such as A Mouse in the House, Butch battles with Tom to catch Jerry. He is voiced by Maurice LaMarche in Tom and Jerry: The Magic Ring, Tony Cervone in The Karate Guard, Colin Murdock in Tom and Jerry Tales, Billy West in Tom and Jerry in War of the Whiskers, and Joey D'Auria in The Tom and Jerry Show. Butch is usually decipted as a homeless alley/street cat although in the 1956 short, Blue Cat Blues, Butch is apparently a millionaire who wins the attention of Tom's love interest due to his immense wealth much to Tom's dismay. Butch also appears in the Spike and Tyke cartoon Scat Cats as a house cat owned by George and Joan who in the original series own Tom.

text: Toodles Galore[edit]

text: Toodles Galore is an attractive white female cat, and is supposedly Tom's usual love interest, although Tom is a reputed playboy, and had other love interests before and after Toodles. Toodles is the only love interest who appeared more than twice, and is probably the most favored. During the classic era, Tom had to compete twice against Butch and even once against Spike for Toodles's affection, and he lost them all. In Casanova Cat, Toodles fell in love with Jerry. However, in her final short Love Me, Love My Mouse, she remained with Tom. Toodles is one of the most anthropomorphic animals in the series, with the only cat features being her tail, nose and ears. She never speaks and she rarely moves around. However, in The Tom and Jerry Show, her appearance and attitude is shown differently and she is heard speaking for the first time.

text: Mammy Two Shoes[edit]

text: From the beginning, Tom also has to deal with Mammy Two Shoes (voiced by Lillian Randolph), an African-American domestic housemaid based on Hattie McDaniel. In the earliest shorts, Mammy is depicted as the maid taking care of the often opulent home in which Tom and Jerry reside. Later Tom and Jerry shorts are set in what appears to be Mammy's own house. Her face is never seen (with the exception of 1950s Saturday Evening Puss, in which her face is very briefly seen as she runs towards the camera), and she usually wallops the cat (whom she usually addresses as "Thomas") with a broom when he misbehaves. When Mammy was not present, other humans would sometimes be seen, usually from the neck down as well. Mammy would appear in many cartoons until 1952's Push-Button Kitty; Mammy's character was retired after that year following McDaniel's death. Later cartoons would instead show Tom and Jerry living with a 1950s suburban couple. Soon after, virtually all humans in the series had visible faces.e.g.:Jeanie,Joan,the baby and George.

text: Nibbles[edit]

text: Nibbles (also known as Tuffy) is the little, blue/gray, diaper-wearing orphan mouse who is close to Jerry and appears frequently with him, especially in the comics. His cartoon debut came in the 1946 short The Milky Waif. Nibbles was later featured in the 1949 Academy Award-winning short The Little Orphan.Tom's and Jerry's devil appeared in three cartoons Sufferin' Cats!, Springtime for Thomas and Smitten Kitten. In the first of these cartoons, he served as evil coscience for Tom and in the other two for Jerry when the other fell in love.

text: He is sometimes seen as Jerry's nephew, but occasionally referred to as an orphan. In many cartoons, Nibbles is seen eating a lot (he is always hungry). In his first animated appearance, he was left on Jerry's doorstep, abandoned by his parents. Tom enjoys chasing Nibbles much as he does with Jerry.

text: Though the character was created under the name Tuffy for the comics in 1942, his early animated appearances (from 1945) gave him the name Nibbles. From the 1950s, the mouse was called Tuffy on-screen as well. In Tom and Jerry: The Magic Ring, the name Nibbles was used again—and the character was depicted as a pet-store mouse whom Jerry doesn't know.

text: In the Mouseketeer shorts, Nibbles speaks in French and English. He also is not Jerry's nephew; rather, he is the son of François Mouse—who does not make an appearance, but his name was given in two letters in the short Touché, Pussy Cat!

text: Nibbles is often mistaken for a girl due to the extaordinarily high pitched voice. He was voiced by Tara Strong in Tom and Jerry: The Magic Ring, Kath Soucie from 2010, onwards, and Nancy Cartwright in War of the Whiskers.

text: Quacker[edit]

text: Another recurring character in the series was Little Quacker the duckling, who was later adapted into the Hanna-Barbera character Yakky Doodle. He appears in Little Quacker, The Duck Doctor, Just Ducky, Downhearted Duckling, Southbound Duckling, That's My Mommy, Happy Go Ducky, and The Vanishing Duck. Quacker talks a lot compared to Tom and Jerry. His voice is a 'duck voice' similar to Disney's Donald Duck. In many shorts, he is the only one who speaks. He's very trusting, even trusting Tom in many situations in which Tom wishes to eat him. He's a friend of Jerry, but unlike Jerry harbors no hard feelings towards Tom. He appeared in The Tom and Jerry Show episode "The Lost Duckling." He also got his own series of shorts on The Yogi Bear Show (renamed Yakky Doodle) after guesting in several Hanna-Barbera TV shows. Quacker was then used as a template for the 'Hard Luck Duck' character starring in the titular character's short from the What a Cartoon! series. His What a Cartoon! counterpart Hard Luck Duck was voiced by Russi Taylor.

text: Quacker was voiced by Red Coffey in the classic shorts, and Charlie Adler in Tom and Jerry in War of the Whiskers, along with Jerry. He was named "Duckling" in that game.

text: In Tom and Jerry Show, Quacker's "duck voice" is provided by Sam Kwasman.

text: In three cartoons Quacker gets separated from his mother at birth, only to reunite with her later in two of them (Little Quacker and Just Ducky). In That's My Mommy however, he is adopted by Tom. In Little Quacker, Quacker's father, Henry makes an appearance. Because his birth is shown differently in different cartoons, he may have siblings as seen in Just Ducky and Happy Go Ducky.

text: Quacker gets a girlfriend in Downhearted Duckling.

text: Cuckoo[edit]

text: Cuckoo is a canary that first appeared in Kitty Foiled. He also appeared in Puss n' Toots, The Flying Cat, Life with Tom, Hic-cup Pup, Two Little Indians (where he is red in color) and Matinee Mouse. He is Jerry's good friend. Despite being a little bird, he can actually carry heavy objects which is seen in only Kitty Foiled and The Flying Cat.e.g.:a bowling ball,a 2000 kilogram object.

text: Lightning[edit]

text: Lightning is a ginger orange cat who first appeared in the 1948 short Old Rockin' Chair Tom as Tom's rival. Lightning is named as such because in his first short, he practically moved at the speed of lightning. In later cartoons, Lightning often appeared as one of Tom's alley cat buddies/rivals. Lightning has the same character design as Butch Cat, but with an orange color (although his coloring occasionally varies from film-to-film). In Mucho Mouse, he speaks Spanish and is a house cat. He also appears in the Gene Deitch short Switchin' Kitten. In the Chuck Jones short Catty-Cornered (his final appearance), Lightning is portrayed with more of an orange-yellow color than before, with the additional changes of a black tail and ears. Lightning also makes several appearances in Tom and Jerry Tales, often with a red nose and, in two episodes, a bushy tail. Fans have occasionally confused Lightning with Meathead, though the two are not the same and have appeared side-by-side in two cartoons.

text: Topsy[edit]

text: Topsy is a grey/brown Scottish Fold kitten. He is one of Tom's alley cat friends/foes, although in Professor Tom he befriends Jerry. He first appeared in Baby Puss; his final appearance in the original theatrical shorts was in Scat Cats. He also appears in Tom and Jerry Tales with a more yellowish color (similar to Life with Tom). In Professor Tom, Topsy is explicitly a house cat; more often (as in Saturday Evening Puss and elsewhere), he is depicted as an alley cat or a cat of unknown origin.

text: Meathead[edit]

text: Meathead is a brown, mangy alley (or feral) cat who wears a red toupee (which is occasionally seen the same color as the rest of his fur). He is generally portrayed as dull-witted and first appeared in the 1943 short, Sufferin' Cats!, as Tom's rival. He also appears in Baby Puss and additional shorts as one of Tom's alley cat buddies/foes. He is known as Frankie in Heavenly Puss. In Scat Cats, his final appearance in the original theatrical shorts, he is portrayed with an all-gray color. Fans have occasionally confused Meathead with Lightning, though the two are not the same and have appeared side-by-side in two cartoons.

text: After over nearly six decades of absence, Meathead re-appeared in The Tom and Jerry Show episode Cruisin' for a Bruisin' as a lead antagonist, while a drag version of the character named Meathelda appeared in the episode Hop to It! Meathead also makes multiple appearances in later seasons, usually alongside Butch and other alley cats.

text: George and Joan[edit]

text: George and Joan are an average middle class white couple, who debuted in the 1954 short Pet Peeve. They are the new owners of Tom and Spike, but Tom likes to keep Joan company and Spike likes to keep George company. Joan is often seen either cooking or sitting on her armchair knitting or sewing a dress with Tom keeping her company. George, on the other hand, hates the monthly bills and complains that they're too expensive. But when he's not complaining about the bills, he is sitting in his armchair or on the sofa reading the newspaper wearing his smart purple or grey suit and Spike is keeping him company. Both George and Joan are very kind and polite towards each other and Tom and Spike. In Pet Peeve, George and Joan decided that they keep Jerry as a pet because he is easy to look after and doesn't eat too much (George and Joan do not know Jerry's secret: He eats a lot more than Tom and Spike combined, which explains the amount of food he has in his mouse hole shown later, which mean they lost even more food compared to Tom and Spike.) and tell Tom and Spike to leave. However, in later shorts with George and Joan, Tom and Spike still happily live with them and Jerry is not known by the couple and he is not a pet anymore.

text: In some shorts, Joan appears without George, such as Mouse for Sale, The Flying Sorceress and Mucho Mouse. It could be presumed that George would be working at his office during the settings of these cartoons.

text: George and Joan also appeared in four other Tom & Jerry shorts, Tom's Photo Finish, Busy Buddies, The Vanishing Duck (Quacker's last short) and Tot Watchers.

text: Jeannie and the Baby[edit]

text: Jeannie, the babysitter of George and Joan's baby, is an average teenager who spends much of her time talking on the phone. She is often called on to look after the baby if they're going out. Jeannie proceeds to leap straight onto the phone just as George and Joan shut the front door, which tells us that she is very negligent about her job. Despite this, Jeannie is very kind, friendly, cheerful and rarely loses a smile—except to scold Tom for "bothering the baby", which she thinks he is doing on purpose to annoy her. Jeannie was seen in only two cartoons: Busy Buddies (1956) and Tot Watchers (1958). Jeannie is voiced by Janet Waldo in the original shorts. The baby also appears in Tom & Jerry Kids where the babysitter is slightly younger and a redhead instead.

text: The Ants[edit]

text: The Ants are an army of red ants who steal food as they see them. They appeared in four cartoons Cat Napping, Pup on a Picnic, Barbecue Brawl and Carmen Get It!. They also appeared in Tom & Jerry Kids. They're unusually heavy for their size, and their combined weight often causes many items, such as Tom's hammock, to break. It's unclear how or why the ants are so heavy, as they are even capable of making tables and diving boards shake as they march onto them.

text: Guardian devils[edit]

text: Each guardian devil for Tom and Jerry appeared in three cartoons Sufferin' Cats!, Springtime for Thomas and Smitten Kitten. In the first of these cartoons, one served as evil conscience for Tom and in the other one for Jerry.

text: Goldfish[edit]

text: A tiny goldfish who is friends with Jerry and lives in the same house as Tom and Jerry. She appeared in major roles in Jerry and the Goldfish and Filet Meow. Tom's attempts to eat her lead to Jerry earning her affections. She also appeared in cameo roles in other cartoons namely Puss n' Toots, The Million Dollar Cat, Casanova Cat and The Missing Mouse.

text: Muscles[edit]

text: Muscles is Jerry's cousin and a mouse with incredible strength. In Jerry's Cousin, Muscles appears to hate cats, including Tom. In Haunted Mouse, another mouse named Merlin, who is also a cousin of Jerry's, appears as a wizard with magical abilities. Muscles' final appearance was in Tom and Jerry: The Magic Ring, however his name was changed to Freddie and he was hostile towards Jerry. He was voiced by Paul Frees in Jerry's Cousin and by Billy West in Tom and Jerry: The Magic Ring.

text: George (cat)[edit]

text: George is the cat counterpart of Muscles but with a personality that is in stark contrast to him. Like Muscles, George is identical to Tom (although he is shorter) and is his cousin. Unlike Muscles, however, George is a coward and is scared of mice. He first appeared at the beginning of Jerry's Cousin where he gets thrashed by Muscles (possibly the reason for his fear of mice). His bigger role was in Timid Tabby where he finally overcomes his fear. He also appeared in Tom and Jerry Kids where his fear seems to have re-instated even though he pretended it has not (his name was changed to Tim in that short).

text: Fluff, Muff and Puff[edit]

text: Fluff, Muff and Puff are a trio of brown, black and orange kittens that first appeared in Heavenly Puss as adorable kittens -who were murdered by drowning- in a cameo role (that happened in Tom's dream). They also appeared in Triplet Trouble as cute but extremely mischievous kittens. They also appeared in The Tom and Jerry Show.

text: Chérie[edit]

text: Chérie is a brown/grey female mouse who serves as Jerry's love interest. She first appeared at the end of Springtime for Thomas, and then later in Smitten Kitten, Touché, Pussy Cat! (only cartoon where she has an identical twin), Tom and Chérie (the first cartoon where she is named) and The Mouse from H.U.N.G.E.R. (as a ticking time bomb set by Tom).

text: Toots[edit]

text: Toots is the name given to three different characters that have appeared infrequently. The first of these is a fluffy beige cat who appears in Puss n' Toots and The Mouse Comes to Dinner, the latter being her only speaking role. She also has a cameo in Smitten Kitten. This version of Toots also appeared in some 1940s Tom and Jerry comics. Toots is also a different cat by the same name who appears in The Zoot Cat and in the Tom and Jerry Tales episode "Kitty Cat Blues." She has occasionally and erroneously been referred to as "Sheikie," but this is actually Tom's nickname, as seen on a gift card in the cartoon. Finally Toots is the name of a mouse who serves as Jerry's love interest in Blue Cat Blues. Toots also appeared in Love Me, Love My Mouse.

text: King of France[edit]

text: In some of the mouseketeer series of cartoons, Tom serves the king of France. This is an obvious reference to Louis XVI of France, who is shown as an extremely short-tempered and cruel monarch. In The Two Mouseketeers, the king guillotines Tom while in Royal Cat Nap, he orders for Tom's decapitation.

text: Mechano cat and Robot-Mouse[edit]

text: Mechano cat first appeared in Push Button Kitty as Tom's rival. Later, Mechano and Robot-Mouse are seen as a cat-like-robot and mouse-like-robot who serve Tom and Jerry (except at the end of Advance and Be Mechanized, when they get revenge and switch roles with Tom and Jerry, as they control their minds and make them do the work) in the three Chuck Jones outer space cartoons O-Solar Meow, Guided Mouse-ille and Advance and Be Mechanized. Mechano's efforts to catch or trap Jerry or Robot-Mouse always backfire for Tom, except in Advance and Be Mechanized, when he succeeds to catch Robot-Mouse in the beginning. In Guided Mouse-ille, he can stand up right and have hands to use a gun with to try and blast Jerry in his mobile tank. This backfired and left Mechano with a black face, while crying in frustration. He sneaks back and promptly shoots Tom, who attempts to shoot Mechano back for his insubordination. However, the shot came out on the wrong end and Tom faints leaving Mechano laughing himself silly. He also appeared in the Tom and Jerry Tales episode "Tin Cat of Tomorrow" where he is named Verminator 7000. Mechano (called "Robot Cat") also appeared as a fighter in the video game, War of the Whiskers, and was voiced by Dee Bradley Baker.

text: The St. Bernard[edit]

text: The St. Bernard is a dog who first appeared in Puttin' on the Dog and then again in The A-Tom-Inable Snowman. Unlike other dogs in the series, he is not hostile to cats and even attends Tom medically.

text: Eagle[edit]

text: Eagle is an Eagle that tries to steal Jerry for food from Tom. He first appeared in Flirty Birdy, then in The Tom and Jerry Show episode "The Egg and Tom and Jerry" (where he is female instead of male) and then again in Tom and Jerry Tales episode "Bend it like Thomas." Eagle also appeared as a playable character in Tom and Jerry in War of the Whiskers, voiced by Rob Paulsen.

text: Lion[edit]

text: Lion is a lion that has switched from a tame one in Jerry and the Lion, to a nervous one in The Tom and Jerry Show episode "The Hypochondriac Lion" to a monster in the Tom and Jerry Tales episode "You're Lion." He is also a playable character in Tom and Jerry in War of the Whiskers where he is voiced by Jim Cummings.

text: Baby Woodpecker[edit]

text: A baby woodpecker that first appeared in Hatch Up Your Troubles and it's remake The Egg and Jerry where it could peck into virtually anything including Tom's stomach, Tom's golf club in Tee for Two or a water pipe as in Landing Stripling. Baby Woodpecker and his Mama would re-appear by making cameo appearances in The Tom and Jerry Show (2014 TV Series).

text: Uncle Pecos[edit]

text: Uncle Pecos is Jerry's Cowboyish uncle who appears in Pecos Pest. He was voiced by Shug Fisher. He is known to always play with a guitar and wears a black cowboy hat that covers his eyes. He plucks one of Tom's whiskers off to replace broken strings on the guitar. Being from Texas, he is shown to be super strong.

text: Uncle Pecos returned in the Tom and Jerry Tales episode "Cry Uncle", voiced by Scott McNeil. In the episode, he arrives at Tom and Jerry's house and annoys Tom and Jerry with his music. He later leaves with Auntie Spinner in the end of the episode. Uncle Pecos made his second return in The Tom and Jerry Show, voiced by Stephen Stanton. He appears in the Season 2 episodes, "I Quit", "Uncle Pecos Rides Again" and "Cat-A-Tonic Mouse".

text: Radio[edit]

text: A radio with a male human voice that broadcasts music, cookery show and warnings on escaped animals, bomb threats etc. In Jerry's Diary, the radio is shown to be anthropomorphic (with the announcer's name as 'Uncle Dudley') but this is not the case with other cartoons. The radio's announcements often cause troubles for Tom (The Missing Mouse, Jerry and the Lion, Little Runaway and Down Beat Bear), fear (Fraidy Cat), embarrassment (Jerry's Diary and Life with Tom) or may be the cause of evil intentions (Jerry and the Goldfish).

text: Radio has been voiced by Martha Wentworth in Fraidy Cat, by Paul Frees in The Missing Mouse and Jerry and the Lion and by Joseph Forte in Jerry's Diary. Other voice actors such as Daws Butler in Jerry and the Goldfish have been uncredited.

text: Jackass[edit]

text: Unlike other Tom and Jerry characters, this one is not a character per se, but rather an avatar of a popular character such as Spike. Usually, a character turns into a jackass when it is fooled such as Spike in Solid Serenade, The Framed Cat and Pet Peeve or Tom in Polka Dot Puss. In Pup on a Picnic, the word 'Sucker' is used instead of 'Jackass'.

text: Gene Deitch era[edit]

text: The following characters were introduced in the theatrical shorts that were directed by Gene Deitch in the 1960s.

text: DeWitt Clinton 'Clint' Clobber[edit]

text: An overweight, average height, middle-aged, bald white man became Tom's owner in three of the thirteen cartoons in Down and Outing, High Steaks and Sorry Safari. Just like Spike the Bulldog, he has very severe anger issues and is repeatedly violent towards Tom for his actions.

text: There is some debate as to whether this is the genuine Clint Clobber as the real Clint would never be an animal abuser, he was just a put-upon grouch.

text: Mad Scientist[edit]

text: He is a mad scientist reminiscent of Frankenstein. He first appeared in Switchin' Kitten and subsequently was the subject of a number of television episodes (for e.g. 'Trojan Dog' in Tom and Jerry Comedy Show) and movies thereafter. In his first appearance, the mad scientist is the owner of Jerry(who is also his assistant) and has numerous cats trapped in a prison. When Jerry picks an orange cat named Lightning, the other cats flee in terror as the scientist pulls him out for his latest experiment. He switches the mind of the orange cat with that of a bulldog and presents him as his present to Jerry.

text: Thin Lady[edit]

text: An unnamed thin white lady became Tom's owner in Buddies Thicker Than Water. Gene Deitch opted not to use Mammy's character in his shorts, as he felt a "stereotypical black housekeep" character "didn't work in a modern context."[1] Chuck Jones would also use her in The Unshrinkable Jerry Mouse and in the re-animated version of Saturday Evening Puss. She also appeared in the movie Tom and Jerry: The Fast and the Furry. Like many other early human characters, her face was never shown.

text: Chuck Jones era[edit]

text: The following characters were introduced in the theatrical shorts that were produced by Chuck Jones in the 1960s.

text: Tiny Bulldog[edit]

text: This nameless mouse-sized bulldog, designed similarly to Spike the Bulldog, is Jerry's pet dog companion in only two shorts: The Cat's Me-Ouch and Purr-Chance to Dream. His role is similar to Spike in cartoons such as The Bodyguard, Fit To Be Tied, and Much Ado About Mousing, which is to defend Jerry against Tom. He is presumably the oldest son of Spike before Tyke, and this could be identified by his looks and personality that is similar to his father Spike. Unlike Spike and Tyke he has a big bite (similar to those of Looney Tunes' Tasmanian Devil).

text: Porpoise[edit]

text: A shark who tries to eat Tom and Jerry. He appears in Cannery Rodent, Puss 'n' Boats, Filet Meow and Surf-Bored Cat. The creature's color and species varies, in Cannery Rodent and Surf-Bored Cat it is a blue shark, while in Filet Meow and Puss 'n' Boats it is a great white shark.

text: Porpoise also appeared in the Tom and Jerry Comedy Show episode A Connecticut mouse in King Arthur's court.

text: The Tom and Jerry Show[edit]

text: The following characters were introduced in the 1975 television series The Tom and Jerry Show.

text: Boo-Boo[edit]

text: Boo-Boo is the English sheep dog puppy of a rich lady who hires Tom and Jerry as dog walkers. He only appears in Towering Fiasco. Note that Boo-Boo chases a cat during their walk, but he accepts Tom, who is also a cat. The title Towering Fiasco is derived from Irwin Allen's 1974 20th Century-Fox/Warner Bros. disaster movie The Towering Inferno, starring Steve McQueen and Paul Newman. The idea for the cartoon itself is based on the Tom-and-Jerry cartoon Tot Watchers. Towering Fiasco originally ended with the lady inviting Tom and Jerry to come again the next day, but after a walk during which Boo-Boo kept running into trouble they react in horror and flee. In the new version, she asks them to walk him again right now, Boo-Boo runs off, chasing a small gnat, dragging Tom and Jerry behind him.

text: Broke[edit]

text: A gopher that devours vegetables in Gopher Broke. He appeared in the cartoon's sequel The Son of Gopher Broke. He also appeared in Tom and Jerry Comedy Show.

text: Robin Ho Ho and his merry men[edit]

text: A parody of Robin Hood and his merry men, they appeared in Robin Ho Ho. They also appeared in Tom and Jerry: Robin Hood and His Merry Mouse.

text: Sheriff of Nottingham[edit]

text: The primary antagonist in Robin Ho Ho and also in Tom and Jerry: Robin Hood and His Merry Mouse. He is based on the character from Robin Hood tales.

text: Yvonne Jockalong[edit]

text: Love interest to both Tom and Jerry, she appears in Sky Bunny and The Tennis Menace.

text: Sergeant Farce[edit]

text: A police officer who appears in See Dr. Jackal and Hide and in The Police Kitten where he is the superior officer to both Tom and Jerry.

text: Alley Cat Gang[edit]

text: The Tom and Jerry Comedy Show[edit]

text: The following characters were introduced in the television series The Tom and Jerry Comedy Show.

text: Droopy[edit]

text: A Basset Hound often with a miserable look on his face, originally introduced in the Tex Avery shorts of the 1940s. He first made a poster cameo in Matinee Mouse. He also appeared in the Droopy and Dripple segments of Tom and Jerry Kids. He is sometimes an adversary of Spike. He would also appear in Tom and Jerry Tales and would appear in the direct-to-video films.

text: Barney Bear[edit]

text: An anthropomorphic cartoon character, a sluggish, sleepy bear who often is in pursuit of nothing but peace and quiet, originally introduced in the Harman-Ising shorts of the 1930s. He would also appear in the direct-to-video films.

text: McWolf[edit]

text: McWolf, initially named 'Slick Wolf' is the villain of the "Droopy and Dripple" segments. A bad and cruel wolf whose only mission is to ruin the life of Droopy (and Dripple and sometimes to remain with Miss Vavoom in Tom & Jerry Kids). Sometimes for of crazy scientist whom it loves to dominate the world, of space villain, a criminal fat person (known as "The Chubby Man"), etc. His character is based on the wolf in Red Hot Riding Hood. He is voiced by Frank Welker.

text: Tom & Jerry Kids[edit]

text: The following characters were introduced in the television series Tom & Jerry Kids.

text: Dripple[edit]

text: The son of Droopy, essentially an older version of the infant pup from Homesteader Droopy. He is always with his father and they always do the same (although sometimes Dripple thinks “better” than his father). The identity of his mother is never mentioned or even addressed, although, due to Droopy's frequent relationships with Miss Vavoom, it can be assumed that his mother is either dead or is divorced from Droopy with no visitation rights prior to the events of the series. He is voiced by Charlie Adler.

text: Miss Vavoom[edit]

text: The contiguous woman of the show. She is very seductive and she always takes different hairdos. She always is conquered by Droopy and most of times is the greater target of McWolf. Sometimes she is called Bubbles Vavoom, Ultra Vavoom, Sugar Vavoom, etc. Her character is based on Red from Red Hot Riding Hood. She is voiced by Teresa Ganzel.

text: Calaboose Cal[edit]

text: A gold cat owner of a show of demonstration and participation. He is arrogant (sometimes), has a rancher accent, and is sometimes presented as an enemy to Tom. Purportedly inspired by legendary Southern California car dealer Cal Worthington. He is voiced by Phil Hartman.

text: Urfo[edit]

text: Urfo is a six-legged alien dog that arrives on Earth many times and helps Jerry fend off Tom. His owners often send people to retrieve him.

text: Clyde[edit]

text: A fat cat that often one puts in problems, and when Tom and Jerry save him, he promises to be their better friend (Although for Tom and Jerry he is like a punishment). Voiced by Brian Cummings.

text: Kyle the Cat[edit]

text: A mangy orange cat that first appeared as the antagonist of Spike and/or Tyke. Voiced by Pat Fraley.

text: Bernie the Swallow[edit]

text: A medically challenged yellow swallow that is friends with Jerry in "Hard to Swallow". He had a color change to blue in "Swallow the Swallow" and "Grab that Bird" as he is chased mostly by Clyde and Kyle. Voiced by David L. Lander.

text: Wild Mouse[edit]

text: A grayish-green, shaggy fanged mouse who occasionally replaces Jerry and outwits his foes. Like Tom and Jerry, Wildmouse is voiced by Frank Welker. He first appears in the episode "Wildmouse" and is last seen in the episode "King Windmouse."

text: Moncy[edit]

text: A cougar who loves tormenting Spike and Tyke. He wants to eat Tyke's lunch (and Spike prevents him). He was voiced by Frank Welker.

text: Sheriff Potgut[edit]

text: The elderly sheriff of Hokey Finokey Swamp. He is arrogant, rude, and self-centered. He threatened to send Swampy back to the circus (which Swampy is aware of the fact that it promotes animal cruelty), throwing Swampy into tears. He also envies the map Swampy made out to search for the hidden treasure. He appears in the episode "Cajun Gumbo" as the episode's main antagonist. Aside from the lone episode where he battled Swampy, the Sheriff and the Gator Brothers were also used as antagonists in an episode featuring Wild Mouse.

text: Gator Brothers[edit]

text: Sheriff Potgut's henchmen. They appear in the episode "Cajun Gumbo" as antagonists and in another episode featuring Wild Mouse.

text: Stinky Jr. McWolf[edit]

text: Stinky Jr. is the son of McWolf who has the same personality as him.

text: Screwball Squirrel[edit]

text: Screwball Squirrel is based on the original Screwball "Screwy" Squirrel in 1944, but now his adventures take place in a public city park, as he messes with hot-headed park attendant Dweeble and his dumb guard dog, Rumpley. He was voiced by Charlie Adler. He would also appear in one direct-to-video film, Tom and Jerry's Giant Adventure, voiced by Paul Reubens. He would also make a cameo appearance in the Season 3 episode of The Tom and Jerry Show, "Kid Stuff".

text: Lightning Bolt the Super Squirrel[edit]

text: A squirrel superhero. He is a rather campy and flamboyant superhero who throws lightning bolts. He also speaks with a slight Minnesotan accent and appeared in the spin-off series Droopy, Master Detective. He was voiced by Charlie Adler.

text: Tom and Jerry Tales[edit]

text: The following characters were introduced in the television series Tom and Jerry Tales.

text: Morizzio[edit]

text: Morizzio is a very amorous octopus gentleman who first appeared in the 1953 musical film Dangerous When Wet. In Octo Sauve, Tom encounters him, who mistakes Tom for a mermaid. Morizzio wants to date Tom, and they end up getting lost in the sea.

text: Princess[edit]

text: Nicole Bouma voiced the princess in Tom and Jerry Tales. The princess appears in Medieval Menace where she kisses Tom -who has turned into a frog- thinking he is a prince transformed by a spell.

text: Sniffles[edit]

text: Geraldine Mouse[edit]

text: Thomasina Cat[edit]

text: Baby Booties[edit]

text: The Tom and Jerry Show[edit]

text: The following characters were introduced in the 2014 television series Tom and Jerry Show.

text: Rick and Ginger[edit]

text: Tom's new owners are Rick and Ginger, a middle-class couple similar to George and Joan. Much like the original couple, the husband is more sympathetic towards Spike while the wife favors Tom. Rick is stouter in appearance when compared to George. Unlike Joan and George, their faces are never seen.

text: Napoleon[edit]

text: Napoleon is a small rat with grey fur. He has light pink ears, light pink hands, feet and tail and has black eyes.

text: Hamster[edit]

text: The Hamster is a small "anti-social, overachieving" hamster with light brown fur. He wears glasses and is the smartest hamster in the lab.

text: Newt[edit]

text: Newt is a newt with orange skin. He has yellow spots and long feet. He wears a black eye-patch over his right eye and has green eyes with a black pupil.

text: Bot[edit]

text: Bot is a robot that cleans the lab with its vacuum cleaner and control arm. It has a red screen that spots trash all over the lab and most often mistakes Tom as such out of its programming.

text: Beatie and Hildie[edit]

text: Beatie and Hildie are witch sisters who act as Tom and Jerry's medieval owners.

text: The Detective[edit]

text: The detective is a detective who is the owner of Tom (and presumably Jerry too). In his absence, Tom and Jerry work as sleuths themselves, in the process using his name and fame. He appeared in "Feline Fatale", "One of a Kind", "Haunted Mouse", "Sleuth or Consequences", "Poof!", "Bone Dry", "Cat Napped", and "Curse Case Scenario".

text: Dr. Bigby[edit]

text: Dr. Bigby is an eccentric scientist whose experiments don't always often go according to plan (with Jerry and Napoleon usually being the only ones to see the results).

text: Skid[edit]

text: Skid is an orange cat that was always the great leader and also always makes the election of the Top cat. Both Tom and Butch compete for the Golden Fez in the United Mouse Catchers when they both attempt to capture Jerry.

text: Tom and Jerry movies[edit]

text: The following recurring characters were introduced in the various Tom and Jerry movies.

text: Biff Buzzard and Buzz Blister[edit]

text: Biff Buzzard and Buzz Blister are characters in Tom and Jerry: The Fast and the Furry and Tom and Jerry: Blast Off to Mars. In Tom and Jerry: The Fast and the Furry, they were news reporters. In Tom and Jerry: Blast Off to Mars, they were astronauts. Biff is voiced by Billy West and Buzz by Jess Harnell.

text: Tin, Pan and Alley[edit]

text: Tin, Pan and Alley are a trio of male Siamese cats created especially for the new direct-to-video films, they are secondary antagonists in Tom and Jerry Meet Sherlock Holmes, Tom and Jerry: Robin Hood and His Merry Mouse, Tom and Jerry's Giant Adventure, Tom and Jerry: The Lost Dragon and Tom and Jerry: Spy Quest, acting as henchmen for the main antagonists. In their first appearance in Tom and Jerry Meet Sherlock Holmes, they are local gravediggers who work for Professor Moriarty. In Tom and Jerry: Robin Hood and His Merry Mouse, they work for Prince John. In Tom and Jerry: The Lost Dragon, they are the Hench-cats of Drizelda. In Tom and Jerry: Spy Quest, they are seen working for Doctor Zin. They also make an appearance in Tom and Jerry: Willy Wonka and the Chocolate Factory. They were named after the Warner Bros. 1943 short Tin Pan Alley Cats. Tin is voiced by Greg Ellis, Pan by Jess Harnell and Alley by Richard McGonagle.

text: Butch (dog)[edit]

text: Butch (Originally known as Spike, until renamed as Butch to avoid confusion with Spike from the Tom and Jerry cartoons) is the name of another bulldog from Tex Avery's shorts in the 1940s and 1950s. He was one of the main antagonists in Droopy shorts (although he was replaced by Hanna-Barbera's Spike in the 1980s) and also had a series of his own. He appears in a number of movies e.g. Tom and Jerry and the Wizard of Oz and Tom and Jerry: The Magic Ring.


document_title: Mystic River (film)

question_text: who killed katie in the movie mystic river

text: Mystic River (film)

text: Plot[edit]

text: Three boys, Jimmy Markum, Sean Devine, and Dave Boyle, play hockey in a Boston street in 1975. Spotting wet concrete, they start writing their names into it when a car pulls up and two men, pretending to be police officers, get out, berate the boys for their actions, and tell Dave to get into the car. The men hold Dave captive and sexually abuse him for four days, until he escapes.

text: Twenty-five years later, the boys are grown and, while they still live in Boston, have drifted apart. Jimmy is an ex-con running a neighborhood store, while Dave is a blue-collar worker, still haunted by his abduction. The two are still neighbors and related by marriage. Jimmy's 19-year-old daughter Katie is secretly dating Brendan Harris, a boy Jimmy despises. She and Brendan are planning to run away together to Las Vegas.

text: Katie goes out for the night with her girlfriends and Dave sees her at a local bar. That night, Katie is murdered, and Dave comes home with an injured hand and blood on his clothes, which his wife Celeste helps him clean up. Dave claims he fought off a mugger, "bashed his head into the concrete", and possibly killed him. Sean, now a detective with the Massachusetts State Police, investigates Katie's murder. His pregnant wife, Lauren, has recently left him.

text: Over the course of the film, Sean and his partner, Sergeant Whitey Powers, track down leads while Jimmy conducts his own investigation using his neighborhood connections. Sean discovers that the gun used to kill Katie was also used in a liquor store robbery during the 1980s by "Just Ray" Harris, the father of Katie's boyfriend. Harris has been missing since 1989, but Brendan claims he still sends his family $500 every month. Brendan also feigns ignorance about Ray's gun but Sean believes it was still in the house. Sergeant Powers suspects Dave as a possible perpetrator because he was one of the last people to see Katie alive. He also has a wounded hand and, although he continues to tell his wife he got it while being mugged, he tells the police a different story – soon Jimmy becomes suspicious of it. Dave continues to behave strangely, which upsets his wife to the point she is afraid he will hurt her. While Jimmy and his associates conduct their investigation, Dave's wife eventually tells Jimmy about Dave's behavior, the bloody clothing, and her suspicions.

text: Jimmy and his friends get Dave drunk at a local bar. When Dave leaves the bar, the men follow him out. Jimmy tells Dave that he shot "Just Ray" Harris at that same location for ratting him out and sending him to jail. Jimmy informs Dave that his wife thinks he murdered Katie and tells Dave he will let him live if he confesses. Dave repeatedly tells Jimmy that he did kill someone but it was not Katie: he beat a child molester to death after finding him having sex with a child prostitute in a car. Jimmy does not believe Dave's claim and threatens him with a knife. When Dave finally admits to killing Katie thinking he can escape with his life, Jimmy kills him and disposes of his body in the adjacent Mystic River.

text: While Dave is being killed, Brendan (having found out about his father's gun during questioning) confronts his younger brother Ray Jr. and his brother's friend John about Katie's murder. He beats the two boys and threatens to kill them if they do not admit their guilt, but when John takes the gun and is about to shoot him, Sean and Powers arrive just in time to stop it.

text: The next morning, Sean tells Jimmy the police have Katie's murderers – who have confessed. She was killed by Brendan's brother, "Silent Ray" Harris, and his friend John O'Shea in a violent prank gone wrong: The kids got hold of Just Ray's gun and saw a car coming which happened to be Katie's. John aimed the gun just to scare her but the gun went off by accident. The car veered onto the curb and Katie got out and ran into the park. Silent Ray and John pursued her so she wouldn't tell anyone. The beating Katie received was from Silent Ray, who had a hockey stick. Once she was beaten, John shot her again, killing her. Sean asks Jimmy if he has seen Dave, because he is wanted for questioning in another case, the murder of a known child molester. A distraught Jimmy thanks Sean for finding his daughter's killers, but says, "if only you had been a little faster." Sean asks Jimmy if he's going to "send Celeste Boyle $500 a month too?"

text: Sean reunites with his wife and his daughter Nora, after apologizing for "pushing her away". Jimmy goes to his wife, Annabeth and confesses. She comforts him and tells him he is a king and kings always make the right decision. At a town parade, Sean sees Jimmy, and mimics shooting him, to let Jimmy know he is watching.

text: Cast[edit]

text:
Sean Penn as James "Jimmy" Markum

Jason Kelly as young Jimmy Markum

Tim Robbins as Dave Boyle

Cameron Bowen as young Dave Boyle

Kevin Bacon as Detective Sean Devine

Connor Paolo as young Sean Devine

Laurence Fishburne as Detective Sergeant Whitey Powers
Marcia Gay Harden as Celeste Samarco Boyle
Laura Linney as Annabeth Markum
Tom Guiry as Brendan Harris
Spencer Treat Clark as "Silent Ray" Harris, Jr.
Andrew Mackin as John O'Shea
Emmy Rossum as Katie Markum
Jenny O'Hara as Esther Harris
Kevin Chapman as Val Savage
Adam Nelson as Nick Savage
Robert Wahlberg as Kevin Savage
Cayden Boyd as Michael Boyle
John Doman as Driver
Tori Davis as Lauren Devine
Jonathan Togo as Pete
Will Lyman as FBI Special Agent Birden
Ari Graynor as Eve Pigeon
Ken Cheeseman as Dave's Friend in Bar
Michael McGovern as 1975 reporter
Kevin Conway (uncredited) as Theo
Eli Wallach (uncredited) as Mr. Loonie

text: Production[edit]

text: Principal photography took place on location in Boston.[3] Eastwood claimed that the three lead actors were his first choices for the roles.[3]

text: Release[edit]

text: Reception[edit]

text: Mystic River was well received by critics, with the performances and direction receiving widespread acclaim. The film has an 87% approval rating based on 195 reviews from critics at the review aggregator website Rotten Tomatoes.[4] At the website Metacritic, which utilizes a normalized rating system, the film earned a rating of 84/100 ("universal acclaim") based on 42 reviews.[5] Peter Travers of Rolling Stone wrote "Clint Eastwood pours everything he knows about directing into Mystic River. His film sneaks up, messes with your head, and then floors you. You can't shake it. It's that haunting, that hypnotic."[6] The Sun wrote that the film was "a haunting masterpiece and probably [Eastwood's] best film to date".[7]

text: Box office[edit]

text: The film earned $156,822,020 worldwide with $90,135,191 in the United States and $66,686,829 in the international box office, which is significantly higher than the film's $30 million budget.[2]

text: Accolades[edit]

text:
76th Academy Awards:

Best Actor in a Leading Role (Sean Penn)[7]
Best Actor in a Supporting Role (Tim Robbins)[7]

Art Directors Guild: Feature Film – Contemporary Film (Henry Bumstead [production designer] and Jack G. Taylor Jr. [art director])
Blue Ribbon Awards: Best Foreign Language Film
24th Boston Society of Film Critics Awards: Best Picture, Best Ensemble Cast
9th BFCA Critics' Choice Awards: Best Actor (Sean Penn), Best Supporting Actor (Tim Robbins)
Cannes Film Festival: Golden Coach (Clint Eastwood)
Casting Society of America: Best Casting for Feature Film – Drama
Central Ohio Film Critics: Best Actor (Sean Penn), Best Supporting Actor (Tim Robbins), Best Supporting Actress (Marcia Gay Harden)
Chicago Film Critics Association: Best Supporting Actor (Tim Robbins)
César Awards (France): Best Foreign Language Film
Dallas-Fort Worth Film Critics Association: Best Actor (Sean Penn)
Florida Film Critics Circle: Best Actor (Sean Penn), Best Supporting Actor (Tim Robbins)
Fotogramas de Plata (Spain): Best Foreign Language Film
61st Golden Globe Awards:

Best Actor in a Motion Picture – Drama (Sean Penn)
Best Actor in a Supporting Role in a Motion Picture (Tim Robbins)

Kansas City Film Critics Circle: Best Actor (Sean Penn)
Kinema Junpo Awards (Japan): Best Foreign Language Film
Las Vegas Film Critics Society: Best Actor (Sean Penn)
London Film Critics Circle: Actor of the Year (Sean Penn), Director of the Year (Clint Eastwood)
Mainichi Film Concours (Japan): Best Foreign Language Film
National Board of Review: Best Picture, Best Actor (Sean Penn)
National Society of Film Critics: Best Director (Clint Eastwood)
PEN Center USA West Literary Awards: Best Screenplay (Brian Helgelan)
Sant Jordi Awards (Spain): Best Foreign Language Film
Satellite Awards: Best Performance by an Actor in a Motion Picture – Drama (Sean Penn), Best Screenplay – Adapted (Brian Helgeland)
Screen Actors Guild: Outstanding Performance by a Male Actor in a Supporting Role (Tim Robbins)
Seattle Film Critics: Best Supporting Actress (Marcia Gay Harden)
Southeastern Film Critics Association: Best Supporting Actor (Tim Robbins), Best Screenplay – Adapted (Brian Helgeland)
USC Scripter Award: Brian Helgeland (screenwriter) and Dennis Lehane (author)
Uruguayan Film Critics Association (Uruguay): Best Film
Vancouver Film Critics Circle: Best Actor (Sean Penn)

text:
76th Academy Awards:

Best Picture[7]
Best Director (Clint Eastwood)[7]
Best Actress in a Supporting Role (Marcia Gay Harden)[7]
Best Adapted Screenplay (Brian Helgeland)[7]

American Cinema Editors: Best Edited Feature Film – Dramatic (Joel Cox)
American Screenwriters Association: Discover Screenwriting Award (Brian Helgeland)
Argentine Film Critics Association: Best Foreign Film (Clint Eastwood)
Australian Film Institute: Best Foreign Film
Japan Academy Prize: Best Foreign Film
57th BAFTA Film Awards:

Best Actor in a Leading Role (Sean Penn)
Best Actor in a Supporting Role (Tim Robbins)
Best Actress in a Supporting Role (Laura Linney)
Best Screenplay – Adapted (Brian Helgeland)

Broadcast Film Critics Association: Best Acting Ensemble, Best Supporting Actress (Mary Gay Harden), Best Director (Clint Eastwood), Best Writer (Brian Helgeland), Best Composer (Clint Eastwood)
Cannes Film Festival: Golden Palm (Clint Eastwood)[8]
Cinema Writers Circle (Spain): Best Foreign Film
European Film Awards: Screen International Award (Clint Eastwood)
61st Golden Globe Awards:

Best Motion Picture – Drama
Best Director – Motion Picture (Clint Eastwood)
Best Screenplay – Motion Picture (Brian Helgeland)

IFTA Awards: Best International Film, Best International Actor (Sean Penn)
International Horror Guild Award: Best Movie
Motion Picture Sound Editors: Best Sound Editing in Domestic Features – Dialogue & ADR
Online Film Critics Society: Best Picture, Best Actor (Sean Penn), Best Supporting Actor (Tim Robbins), Best Director (Clint Eastwood), Best Screenplay – Adapted (Brian Helgeland)
PGA Golden Laurel Awards: Motion Picture Producer of the Year Award
Robert Festival (Denmark): Best American Film
Satellite Awards: Best Motion Picture – Drama, Best Performance by an Actress in a Supporting Role – Drama (Marcia Gay Harden), Best Director (Clint Eastwood), Best Cinematography, Best Film Editing (Joel Cox), Best Sound (Alan Robert Murray, Bub Asman, Michael Semanick, Christopher Boyes and Gary Summers)
Screen Actors Guild: Outstanding Performance by a Cast in a Motion Picture (Kevin Bacon, Laurence Fishburne, Marcia Gay Harden, Laura Linney, Sean Penn and Tim Robbins), Outstanding Performance by a Male Actor in a Leading Role (Sean Penn)
Writers Guild of America: Best Adapted Screenplay (Brian Helgeland)

text: Home media[edit]

text: The examples and perspective in this section may not represent a worldwide view of the subject. You may improve this article, discuss the issue on the talk page, or create a new article, as appropriate. (December 2010) (Learn how and when to remove this template message)

text: The DVD was released on June 8, 2004 and three editions have been released:

text:
Full Screen Edition
Widescreen Edition
3-Disc Deluxe Edition including CD Soundtrack

text: The film has also been released on Blu-ray Disc, both sold separately and as a part of the "Clint Eastwood Collection".