document_title: Lone Ranger

question_text: what does the lone ranger say to silver

question_tokens: what does the lone ranger say to silver

text: Lone Ranger

text: Origin[edit]

text: The Lone Ranger was named so because the character is the only survivor of a group of six Texas Rangers.[11] While details differ, the basic story of the origin of the Lone Ranger is the same in most versions of the franchise.[8] A posse of six members of the Texas Ranger Division pursuing a band of outlaws led by Bartholomew "Butch" Cavendish is betrayed by a civilian guide named Collins and is ambushed in a canyon named Bryant's Gap.[12] Later, an Indian named Tonto stumbles onto the scene and discovers one ranger is barely alive, and he nurses the man back to health. In some versions, Tonto recognizes the lone survivor as the man who saved his life when they both were children. According to the television series, when Tonto left the Reid place with a horse given him by the boy Reid, he gave Reid a ring and the name Kemo Sabe, which he said means "trusty scout".[13] Among the Rangers killed was the survivor's older brother, Daniel Reid, who was a captain in the Texas Rangers and the leader of the ambushed group. To conceal his identity and honor his fallen brother, Reid fashions a black domino mask from the material of his brother's vest. To aid in the deception, Tonto digs a sixth grave and places at its head a cross bearing Reid's name so that Cavendish and his gang would believe that all of the Rangers had been killed.

text: In many versions Reid continues fighting for justice as The Lone Ranger even after the Cavendish gang is captured.

text: Characters[edit]

text: The Lone Ranger[edit]

text: As generally depicted, the Lone Ranger conducts himself by a strict moral code based on that put in place by Striker at the inception of the character. It read:

text: I believe...

text:
That to have a friend, a man must be one.
That all men are created equal and that everyone has within himself the power to make this a better world.
That God put the firewood there, but that every man must gather and light it himself.
In being prepared physically, mentally, and morally to fight when necessary for what is right.
That a man should make the most of what equipment he has.
That 'this government of the people, by the people, and for the people' shall live always.
That men should live by the rule of what is best for the greatest number.
That sooner or later...somewhere...somehow...we must settle with the world and make payment for what we have taken.
That all things change but truth, and that truth alone, lives on forever.
In my Creator, my country, my fellow man.[14]

text: In addition, Fran Striker and George W. Trendle drew up the following guidelines that embody who and what the Lone Ranger is:[15]

text:
The Lone Ranger was never seen without his mask or some sort of disguise.
He was never captured or held for any length of time by lawmen, avoiding his being unmasked.
He always used perfect grammar and precise speech devoid of slang and colloquialisms.
Whenever he was forced to use guns, he never shot to kill, but instead tried to disarm his opponent as painlessly as possible.
He was never put in a hopeless situation; e.g., he was never seen escaping from a barrage of gunfire merely by fleeing toward the horizon.
He rarely referred to himself as the Lone Ranger. If someone's suspicion were aroused, the Lone Ranger would present one of his silver bullets to confirm his identity; but many times someone else would attest on his behalf. The origin of this name was, following the Bryant's Gap ambush, Tonto observed him to be the only ranger left—the "lone ranger"; Tonto's choice of words inspired him to call himself "The Lone Ranger".
Even though The Lone Ranger offered his aid to individuals or small groups facing powerful adversaries, the ultimate objective of his story always implied that their benefit was only a by-product of the development of the West or the country.
Adversaries were rarely other than American, to avoid criticism from minority groups. There were some exceptions to this rule. He sometimes battled foreign agents, though their nation of origin was generally not named. An exception was his having helped the Mexican Benito Juárez against French troops of Emperor Maximilian, as occurred in the radio episodes "Supplies for Juarez" (18 September 1939), "Hunted by Legionnaires" (20 September 1939) and "Lafitte's Reinforcements" (22 September 1939).
The names of unsympathetic characters were carefully chosen so that they never consisted of two names if it could be avoided. More often than not, a single nickname was selected.
The Lone Ranger never drank or smoked; and saloon scenes were usually shown as cafes, with waiters and food instead of bartenders and liquor.
Criminals were never shown in enviable positions of wealth or power, and they were never successful or glamorous.

text: The Lone Ranger's first name[edit]

text: Although the Lone Ranger's last name in the radio shows was given as Reid, his first name was never specified in any of the radio or television shows. Various radio reference books, beginning with Radio's Golden Age (Eastern Valley Press, 1966), give the Lone Ranger's first name as John.[16] Some cite the 20th anniversary radio program in 1953 as the source of the name, but the Lone Ranger's first name is never mentioned in that episode.[17]

text: In the final chapter of the 1938 Republic The Lone Ranger movie serial, he is revealed to be Texas Ranger Allen King. In the second serial, The Lone Ranger Rides Again, he identifies himself as "Bill Andrews".

text: The Lone Ranger's first name is also thought not to have been mentioned in contemporary Lone Ranger newspaper comics, comic books, and tie-in premiums, though some have stated that the name John Reid was used in an illustration of the grave marker made by Tonto which appeared in either a comic book version of the character's origin story or in a children's record set.

text: The name John Reid is used in a scene in the 1981 film The Legend of the Lone Ranger, in which the surviving Reid digs an extra grave for himself. The Lone Ranger is also John Reid in Dynamite Entertainment's licensed Lone Ranger comic book series that began in 2006 and in the 2013 Disney film The Lone Ranger.

text: The name "Luke Hartman" was used in the 2003 TV-movie/unsold series pilot.

text: Tonto[edit]

text: The character made his initial appearance in the 11th episode of the radio show. Fran Striker told his son that Tonto was added so the Lone Ranger would have someone to talk to.[14] He was named by James Jewell, who also came up with the term "Kemosabe" based on the name of a summer camp owned by his father-in-law in upstate Michigan. In the local Native American language, "Tonto" meant "wild one."[18]

text: The character spoke in broken English that emphasized Tonto had learned it as a second language.

text: Because Tonto means "stupid" or "ignorant" in Spanish, the character is renamed "Toro" (Spanish for "bull") or "Ponto" in Spanish-speaking countries.[18]

text: Dan Reid Jr.[edit]

text: The name of Captain Reid's son, the Lone Ranger's nephew, a character introduced in the radio series in 1942, who became a juvenile sidekick to the Masked Man, is Dan Reid. When Trendle and Striker later created The Green Hornet in 1936, they made this Dan Reid the father of Britt Reid, alias the Green Hornet, thereby making the Lone Ranger the Green Hornet's great-uncle.[19] Throughout The Lone Ranger radio series, Dan was played by Ernest Winstanley, Bob Martin, Clarence Weitzel, James Lipton and Dick Beals.

text: The Lone Ranger's nephew made his first appearance in "Heading North" (December 14, 1942) under the name "Dan Frisby", the grandson of Grandma Frisby. The two lived in an area described as "the high border country of the northwest" near the town of Martinsville close to the Canada–US border. This and the following four episodes ("Design for Murder", December 16, 1942; "Rope's End", December 18, 1942; "Law of the Apex", December 21, 1942; and "Dan's Strange Behavior", December 23, 1942) centred on a plot to steal the valuable Martin Copper Mine and Dan's being fooled by a Lone Ranger impostor into helping him steal it. The Lone Ranger and the Mounties foil the plot and capture the impostor and his gang.

text: In the final episode of the arc, "A Nephew is Found" (December 25, 1942), the dying Grandma Frisby reveals to The Lone Ranger Dan's true identity and how he came to be with her. Fifteen years previously, Grandma Frisby had been part of a wagon train travelling to Fort Laramie. Also on that wagon train had been Linda Reid, wife of Texas Ranger Captain Dan Reid, and her six-month-old son Dan Jr., who were travelling from their home in Virginia to join her husband. Before the wagon train could reach Fort Laramie, Indians attacked it and Linda Reid was among those killed. Grandma Frisby took charge and care of Dan Jr., but upon reaching Fort Laramie found two messages waiting: one that Captain Reid (voiced in this story by Al Hodge) had been killed in an ambush at Bryant's Gap and the other that her own husband had been killed in an explosion. Taking Dan and certain items concerning his identity (including a small gold locket containing a picture of Dan's parents and a picture of Captain Reid's brother), Grandma Frisby travelled to Martinsville and raised Dan as her grandson.

text: On hearing this story, The Lone Ranger reveals his true identity and his own story to Grandma Frisby and promises that he will care for Dan like his own son. Before Grandma Frisby passes away, The Lone Ranger removes his mask and lets her see his face. Her last words are "Ride on, Lone Ranger ... ride on forever ... with Danny at your side." The Lone Ranger takes the grieving Dan outside the cabin, gives him the locket and reveals their true relationship. Dan Reid Jr. would go on to be a recurring character throughout the remainder of the series, riding with The Lone Ranger and Tonto on his own horse Victor.

text: Eventually, Dan Reid Jr. would be sent East to gain an education, making infrequent appearances on the series whenever Fran Striker wanted to remind the audience of the family connection, and would later become part of The Green Hornet radio series, first appearing on October 22, 1936, establishing the connection between The Lone Ranger and The Green Hornet in the episode "Too Hot to Handle" (November 11, 1947) and being played throughout the series by John Todd, who played "Tonto" on The Lone Ranger radio series.

text: Their horses[edit]

text: According to the episode "The Legend of Silver" (September 30, 1938), before acquiring Silver, the Lone Ranger rode a chestnut mare called Dusty. The Lone Ranger saves Silver's life from an enraged buffalo and, in gratitude, Silver chooses to give up his wild life to carry him.

text: The origin of Tonto's horse, Scout, is less clear. For a long time, Tonto rides a white horse called White Feller. In "Four Day Ride" (August 5, 1938), Tonto is given a paint horse by his friend Chief Thundercloud, who then takes White Feller. Tonto rides this horse and refers to him simply as "Paint Horse" for several episodes. The horse is finally named Scout in "Border Dope Smuggling" (September 2, 1938). In another episode, however, the Lone Ranger, in a surge of conscience, releases Silver back to the wild. The episode ends with Silver returning, bringing along a companion who becomes Tonto's horse Scout.

text: In an echo of the Lone Ranger's line, Tonto frequently says, "Git-um up, Scout!" (The phrase became so well embedded in the Lone Ranger mythos that International Harvester used it as an advertising line to promote their Scout utility vehicle in the 1970s.) In the Format Films animated cartoon which ran from 1966 to 1968, Tonto also had an eagle he called Taka, and installments that focused exclusively on him or had him team up with the Lone Ranger ended with his saying, "Fly, Taka! On, Scout!" (Those where he teamed with the Lone Ranger had the Ranger following this up with the customary "Hi-yo, Silver! Away!")

text: Original radio series[edit]

text: Premiere[edit]

text: The first of 2,956 radio episodes of The Lone Ranger premiered on WXYZ, a radio station serving Detroit, Michigan, on January 30, 1933[20] or January 31, 1933.[21] As Dunning writes in On the Air: The Encyclopedia of Old-Time Radio:

text: There may have been a few late-night on-air shakedown shows prior to the official January 31, 1933 premiere date. Lacking concrete evidence, [Lone Ranger authority Terry] Salomonson is inclined to doubt it. "There is nothing in any of the Detroit papers to indicate this, but that in itself doesn't mean much. The papers didn't even list the show in their radio logs at first."[21]

text: The show was an immediate success.[4] Though it was aimed at children, adults made up at least half the audience.[4][8][22] It became so popular, it was picked up by the Mutual Broadcasting System and, on May 2, 1942,[23] by NBC's Blue Network, which in time became ABC.[24]

text: Introductions[edit]

text: An announcer introduced each episode with the following, which was sometimes changed to reflect the storyline of the episode:

text: In the early days of the western United States, a masked man and an Indian rode the plains, searching for truth and justice. Return with us now to those thrilling days of yesteryear, when from out of the past come the thundering hoofbeats of the great horse Silver! The Lone Ranger rides again!

text: By the time it was on ABC at 7:30 pm Eastern Time, the introduction, voiced by Fred Foy, had become "Return with us now to those thrilling days of yesteryear", followed by, "From out of the west with the speed of light and a hearty 'Hi-yo, Silver!'" The intro was later changed to:

text: A fiery horse with the speed of light, a cloud of dust and a hearty Hi-Yo Silver! The Lone Ranger! ... With his faithful Indian companion Tonto, the daring and resourceful masked rider of the plains led the fight for law and order in the early western United States! Nowhere in the pages of history can one find a greater champion of justice! Return with us now to those thrilling days of yesteryear! From out of the past come the thundering hoofbeats of the great horse Silver! The Lone Ranger rides again!

text: This was followed by Brace Beemer's voice, declaring, "Come on, Silver! Let's go, big fellow! Hi-yo, Silver! Away!"

text: Cast[edit]

text: The Lone Ranger was played by several actors:

text:
John L. Barrett, on test broadcasts on WEBR in January 1933;
George Seaton (under the name George Stenius) (January 31–May 9, 1933);
Series director James Jewell, for one episode;
An actor known only by the pseudonym "Jack Deeds", for one episode;
Earle Graser (May 16, 1933 – April 7, 1941). On April 8, Graser died in a car accident; and, for five episodes, the Lone Ranger was unable to speak beyond a whisper, with Tonto carrying the action. In addition, six episodes broadcast in August 1938 did not include the Lone Ranger's voice other than an occasional "Hi-Yo Silver!" in the background.[25] In those episodes, Tonto carried the dialog;
Brace Beemer (April 18, 1941 to the end), who had been the show's deep-voiced announcer for several years;
Fred Foy (March 29, 1954), also an announcer on the show, took over the role for one broadcast when Beemer had laryngitis.

text: Tonto was played throughout the run by actor John Todd (although there were a few isolated occasions when he was replaced by Roland Parker, better known as Kato for much of the run of sister series The Green Hornet). Other supporting players were selected from Detroit area actors and studio staff. These included Jay Michael (who also played the lead on Challenge of the Yukon, a.k.a. Sgt. Preston of the Yukon), Bill Saunders (as various villains, including Butch Cavendish), Paul Hughes (as the Ranger's friend Thunder Martin and as various army colonels and badmen), future movie star John Hodiak, Janka Fasciszewska (under the name Jane Fae), and Rube and Liz Weiss (a married couple, both actors in several radio and television programs in Detroit, Rube usually taking on villain roles on the "Ranger", and Liz playing damsels in distress). The part of nephew Dan Reid was played by various child actors, including Bob Martin, James Lipton and Dick Beals.

text: Music[edit]

text: The theme music was primarily taken from the "March of the Swiss Soldiers" finale of Gioachino Rossini's William Tell Overture, which thus came to be inseparably associated with the series. The theme was conducted by Daniel Pérez Castañeda,[26] with the softer parts excerpted from Die Moldau, composed by Bedřich Smetana.

text: Many other classical selections were used as incidental music, including Wagner's Flying Dutchman Overture, Bizet's Symphony in C, Mendelssohn's Fingal's Cave Overture, Emil von Řezníček's Donna Diana Overture, Liszt's Les préludes, Tchaikovsky's 1812 Overture and music by Schubert.[27] Classical music was originally used because it was in the public domain, thus allowing production costs to be kept low while providing a wide range of music as needed without the cost of a composer. Interestingly, the incidental music from Liszt's Les Preludes was being used in the 1940s by Germany's Nazi propaganda minister, Joseph Goebbels, as a theme in German weekly news announcements, particularly to dramatize German victories in WWII.

text: In the late 1930s, Trendle acquired the rights to use incidental music from Republic Pictures motion picture serials as part of a deal for Republic to produce a serial based (loosely) on the Lone Ranger. This music was then modified by NBC radio arranger Ben Bonnell and recorded in Mexico to avoid American union rules. This music was used in both the radio and later television shows.[26]

text: Possible inspirations[edit]

text: The character was originally believed to be inspired by Texas Ranger Captain John R. Hughes, to whom the book The Lone Star Ranger by Zane Grey was dedicated in 1915.[28] A debunked myth was the possible historical inspiration of Bass Reeves, the first black deputy U.S. marshal west of the Mississippi River.[29] Other suggested inspirations were Zorro and Robin Hood.[30]

text: The Green Hornet[edit]

text: The radio series inspired a spinoff called The Green Hornet, which depicts the son of the Lone Ranger's nephew Dan,[31] Britt Reid, originally played by Al Hodge, who in contemporary times, fights crime with a similar secret identity and a sidekick, Kato. In the Green Hornet comic book series published by NOW Comics, the Lone Ranger makes a cameo appearance by being in a portrait in the Reid home. Contrary to most visual media depictions, and acknowledged by developer/original script writer Ron Fortier to be the result of legal complications,[32] his mask covers all of his face, as it did in the two serials from Republic Pictures (see below). However, rights to The Lone Ranger and The Green Hornet have been acquired by separate owners and the familial link has been ignored in the Western character's various incarnations. The Lone Ranger – Green Hornet connection is part of Philip José Farmer's Wold Newton Universe, which connects disparate fictional characters.

text: Film serials[edit]

text: Republic Pictures released two serials starring the Lone Ranger. The first, released in 1938, utilized several actors playing different men portraying the masked hero, with the true Lone Ranger unknown to the audience until the conclusion; the character played by Lee Powell is ultimately revealed to be the Lone Ranger. The second serial, The Lone Ranger Rides Again, was released in 1939 and starred Robert Livingston. Tonto was played in both by Victor Daniels, billed as Chief Thundercloud.

text: Television series[edit]

text: The Lone Ranger was a TV show that aired for eight seasons, from 1949 to 1957, and starred Clayton Moore as the Lone Ranger and Jay Silverheels as Tonto. Only five of the eight seasons had new episodes. It was the ABC television network's first big hit of the early 1950s.[20] Moore's tenure as the Ranger is probably the best-known treatment of the franchise.[33] Moore was replaced in the third season by John Hart,[34][35] but he returned for the final two seasons. The fifth and final season was the only one shot in color. A total of 221 episodes were made.

text: Hi-Yo Silver!, Kemo sabe, and other cultural tropes[edit]

text: At the beginning of each episode, the magnificent white stallion, Silver, would rear up with the Lone Ranger on his back, then they would dash off, the Ranger encouragingly shouting, "Hi-Yo, Silver!"[36] Tonto could occasionally be heard to urge on his mount by calling out, "Get 'em up, Scout!" At the end of each episode, mission completed, one of the characters would always ask the sheriff or other authority, "Who was that masked man?" When it was explained, "Oh, he's the Lone Ranger!", the Ranger and Tonto would be seen galloping off with the cry, "Hi-Yo, Silver! Away!" catching the attention of one of the townspeople crossing the street.

text: Tonto usually referred to the Lone Ranger as "Kemo sabe", described as meaning either "faithful friend," or "trusty scout".[12][37] It is more likely the word derives from the Anishnaabe language. Gimoozaabi is said to mean "he looks out in secret." [38] These catchphrases, the Ranger's trademark silver bullets, and the theme music from the William Tell Overture have become tropes of popular culture.[citation needed]

text: Moore lawsuits[edit]

text: After the series ended, Moore continued to make public appearances as the Lone Ranger. In 1979, Jack Wrather, then owner of the rights to the character, obtained a restraining order against Moore, enjoining Moore from appearing in public in his mask.[39] The actor began wearing oversized wraparound Foster Grant sunglasses, as a substitute for the mask. Moore later won a countersuit, allowing him to resume his costume.[39]

text: Films[edit]

text: Clayton Moore series:

text: The Lone Ranger (1956)[edit]

text: The Lone Ranger and the Lost City of Gold (1958)[edit]

text: Other Lone Rangers:

text: The Return of the Lone Ranger (1961)[edit]

text: In 1961 CBS produced Return of the Lone Ranger, starring Tex Hill, as the pilot episode for a proposed TV series.[citation needed]

text: The Legend of the Lone Ranger (1981)[edit]

text: At the time of the 1981 release of the film The Legend of the Lone Ranger, the company owning the rights to the character, Wrather Corp., filed a lawsuit and obtained a court injunction to prevent Clayton Moore from appearing as the Lone Ranger,[40] and then gave a cameo to his TV replacement, John Hart. The film itself was a critical and commercial failure. It starred Klinton Spilsbury in his only motion picture appearance. His lines were overdubbed by James Keach.[41] The part of Tonto was played by Michael Horse, a Native American of Yaqui, Mescalero Apache, Zuni, and Latino descent.

text: Moore, who never appeared publicly without his mask, was enjoined in the lawsuit from wearing it and, in protest, he began wearing oversized sunglasses that were the approximate size and shape of the mask.[42] In a sequence in the movie, John Reid, a newly graduated attorney, is travelling west in a stagecoach to meet his brother. Another passenger announces his intent to make his fortune from his invention of sunglasses. The stage is robbed and the inventor killed. As John Reid lays the dead man on the floor with the broken dark glasses, yet another passenger says, "So much for American opportunity."

text: The Lone Ranger (2003)[edit]

text: In 2003, the WB network aired a two-hour Lone Ranger TV movie, starring Chad Michael Murray as the Lone Ranger. The TV movie served as the pilot for a possible new series. However, the movie was greeted unenthusiastically; the name of the secret identity of the Lone Ranger was changed from "John Reid" to "Luke Hartman", and while an empty grave was still alongside those of the five dead Rangers, its supposed occupant was unidentified, and the hero maintained his unmasked identity, as well, becoming a cowboy version of Zorro, as in the first film serial. Ultimately, the project was shelved, with the pilot aired in telefilm form during the summer season due to Murray's popularity with the target audience of the network.

text: The Lone Ranger (2013)[edit]

text: In 2013, Walt Disney Pictures and Jerry Bruckheimer Films released The Lone Ranger, starring Armie Hammer as the Lone Ranger and Johnny Depp as Tonto.[43] Directed by Gore Verbinski, the film is an origin story of the two characters and explores the duo's efforts to subdue the immoral actions of the corrupt, and to bring them to justice, in the American Old West. The film, produced with an estimated budget of $225 million, was received negatively by American critics and performed poorly at the box office.[44]

text: Other media[edit]

text: The series also inspired numerous comic books, books, and gramophone records.

text: Novels[edit]

text: The first Lone Ranger novel appeared in 1936, and eventually 18 volumes were published, as listed below. The first book was written by Gaylord Dubois, but the others were written by the character's primary developer, Fran Striker. Striker also re-edited and rewrote parts of later editions of the first novel. First published between 1936 and 1956 in hardback by Grosset and Dunlap, these stories were reprinted in 1978 by Pinnacle Books.

text: In 2012, Moonstone Books published the novel The Lone Ranger: Vendetta, written by Howard Hopkins.

text:
The Lone Ranger (1936)
The Lone Ranger and the Mystery Ranch (1938)
The Lone Ranger and the Gold Robbery (1939)
The Lone Ranger and the Outlaw Stronghold (1939)
The Lone Ranger and Tonto (1940)
The Lone Ranger Rides (1941)
The Lone Ranger at the Haunted Gulch (1941)
The Lone Ranger Traps the Smugglers (1941)
The Lone Ranger Rides Again (1943)
The Lone Ranger Rides North (1943)
The Lone Ranger and the Silver Bullet (1948)
The Lone Ranger on Powderhorn Trail (1949)
The Lone Ranger in Wild Horse Canyon (1950)
The Lone Ranger West of Maverick Pass (1951)
The Lone Ranger on Gunsight Mesa (1952)
The Lone Ranger and the Bitter Spring Feud (1953)
The Lone Ranger and the Code of the West (1954)
The Lone Ranger and Trouble on the Santa Fe (1955)
The Lone Ranger on Red Butte Trail (1956)
The Lone Ranger: Vendetta (2012), ISBN 978-1936814152

text: Big Little Books[edit]

text: From 1935 to 1950, 13 Big Little Books were published.

text:
The Lone Ranger and his Horse Silver (1935)
The Lone Ranger and the Vanishing Herd (1936)
The Lone Ranger and the Secret Killer (1937)
The Lone Ranger and the Menace of Murder Valley (1938)
The Lone Ranger and the Lost Valley (1938)
The Lone Ranger and Dead Men's Mine (1939)
The Lone Ranger and the Black Shirt Highwayman (1939)
The Lone Ranger and the Red Renegades (1939)
The Lone Ranger Follows Through (1941)
The Lone Ranger and the Secret Weapon (1943)
The Lone Ranger on the Barbary Coast (1944)
The Lone Ranger and the Silver Bullets (1946)
The Lone Ranger and the Secret of Somber Cavern (1950)

text: Little Golden Books[edit]

text: Three Little Golden Books were published.

text:
The Lone Ranger (1956)
The Lone Ranger and Tonto (1957)
The Lone Ranger and the Talking Pony (1958)

text: Anthologies[edit]

text: In, 1993, Perennial published the anthology The Lone Ranger and Tonto Fistfight in Heaven, a collection of short stories by Sherman Alexie.

text: In 2012, Moonstone Books published the anthology The Lone Ranger Chronicles, edited by Matthew Baugh Starr with stories by Johnny. D Boggs, James Reasoner, Mel Odom, Bill Crider, Matthew Baugh, Tim Lasiuta, Joe Gentile, Paul Kupperberg, Dennis O'Neil, Kent Conwell, David McDonald, Thom Brannon, Troy D. Smith, Chuck Dixon, and Richard Dean Starr, stories incorporating famous characters of the western, such as Cisco Kid, Wyatt Earp and Doc Holliday.

text:
The Lone Ranger and Tonto Fistfight in Heaven, 1993, Perennial, ISBN 978-0-06-097624-8
The Lone Ranger Chronicles, anthology edited by Matthew Baugh Starr, 2012, Moonstone Books, ISBN 978-1936814237

text: Comic strip[edit]

text: King Features Syndicate distributed a newspaper strip of the Lone Ranger from September 1938 to December 1971. Fran Striker himself initially scripted the feature, but time constraints soon required him to quit, replaced by Bob Green, later followed by Paul S. Newman and others.[45] The original artist was Ed Kressy, but he was replaced in 1939 by Charles Flanders (fr) who drew the strip until its conclusion.[46]

text: In 1981, the New York Times Syndicate launched a second Lone Ranger strip, written by Cary Bates with art by Russ Heath.[47] It ran until 1984. In 1993 Pure Imagination Publishing collected two of the storylines and put them in a comic book.

text: Comic books[edit]

text: In 1948, Western Publishing, with its publishing partner Dell Comics, launched a comic book series which lasted 145 issues. This originally consisted of reprints from the newspaper strips (as had all previous comic book appearances of the character in various titles from David McKay Publications and from Dell). However, new stories by writer Paul S. Newman and artist Tom Gill began with issue #38 (August 1951). Some original content was presented as early as #7 (January 1949), but these were non-Lone Ranger fillers. Newman and Gill produced the series until its final issue, #145 (July 1962).[48]

text: Tonto got his own spin-off title in 1951, which lasted 31 issues. Such was the Ranger's popularity at the time that even his horse Silver had a comic book, The Lone Ranger's Famous Horse Hi-Yo Silver, starting in 1952 and running 34 issues; writer Gaylord DuBois wrote and developed Silver as a hero in his own right. In addition, Dell also published three big Lone Ranger annuals, as well as an adaptation of the 1956 theatrical film.

text: The Dell series came to an end in 1962. Later that same year, Western Publishing ended its publishing partnership with Dell Comics and started up its own comic book imprint, Gold Key Comics. The new imprint launched its own Lone Ranger title in 1964. Initially reprinting material from the Dell run, original content did not begin until issue #22 in 1975, and the magazine itself folded with #28 in 1977.[49] Additionally, Hemmets Journal AB published a three-part Swedish Lone Ranger story the same year.[citation needed]

text: In 1994, Topps Comics produced a four-issue miniseries, The Lone Ranger and Tonto, written by Joe R. Lansdale and drawn by Timothy Truman.[50] One of the major changes in this series was the characterization of Tonto, who was now shown to be a very witty, outspoken, and sarcastic character, even willing to punch the Lone Ranger during a heated argument, and commenting on his past pop-culture depictions with the words, "Of course, quimo sabe. Maybe when we talk I should use that 'me Tonto' stuff, the way they write about me in the dime novels. You'd like that, wouldn't you?".[51]

text: The first issue of a new Lone Ranger series from Dynamite Entertainment by Brett Matthews and Sergio Cariello shipped September 6, 2006. It has started as a six-issue miniseries, but due to its success, it has become an ongoing series by the same team. On September 15, 2006, Dynamite Entertainment announced that The Lone Ranger #1 had sold out of its first printing. A second printing of the first issue was announced; a first for the company.[52][dead link] The series has received an Eisner Awards nomination for best new series in 2007. True West magazine awarded the publication the "Best Western Comic Book of the Year" in their 2009 Best of The West Source Book! And in 2010 Dynamite released "The Lone Ranger Avenges the Death of Zorro".

text: Comic Book Collections from Dynamite Entertainment:

text:
The Lone Ranger Vol. 1 (160 pages, Collects The Lone Ranger #1–6)
The Lone Ranger Vol. 2 Lines Not Crossed (128 pages, Collects The Lone Ranger #7–11)
The Lone Ranger Vol. 3 Scorched Earth (144 pages, Collects The Lone Ranger #12–16)
The Lone Ranger Vol. 4 Resolve (Collects The Lone Ranger #17–25)
The Lone Ranger Vol. 5 Hard Country (Collects The Lone Ranger Volume 2 #1–6)
The Lone Ranger Vol. 6 Native Ground (Collects The Lone Ranger Volume 2 #7–12)
The Lone Ranger & Tonto (128 pages)
The Lone Ranger: Snake of Iron (92 pages)
The Lone Ranger Omnibus (632 pages)
The Lone Ranger: Vindicated (112 pages)
The Lone Ranger: Death of Zorro (128 pages)

text: The Lone Ranger Magazine[edit]

text: In 1937, eight issues of The Lone Ranger Magazine were published by Trojan Publishing, with stories written by Fran Striker.[53]

text: Animation[edit]

text: In late 1930's Roy Meredith produced the first-known animated film based on Lone Ranger, in this silent film The Lone Ranger and Tonto capture a band of cattle rustlers and save the life of the rancher.[54]

text: Format Films animated cartoon, 1966 to 1968[edit]

text: An animated series of The Lone Ranger ran from 1966 to 1968 on CBS. It was produced by Herbert Klynn and Jules Engel of Format Films, Hollywood, and designed and animated at the Halas and Batchelor Cartoon Film studios in London, England. The show lasted thirty episodes; however, these were invariably split into three separate shorts, with the middle segment being a solo adventure for Tonto, so that there were actually 90 installments in all. The last episode aired on March 9, 1968.

text: These Lone Ranger adventures were similar in tone and nature to CBS's science fiction Western, The Wild Wild West, in that the plots were bizarre and had elements of science-fiction and steampunk technology thrown in. Even the Lone Ranger's greatest enemy in the animated series was a dwarf, similar to James T. West's greatest enemy, Dr. Miguelito Loveless. He was called Tiny Tom, and was voiced by Dick Beals. This animated cartoon was credited as being a Jack Wrather production, and it provided the first exposure many 1960s children had to the characters.

text: The Lone Ranger's voice was provided by Michael Rye, who had portrayed Jack Armstrong: The All-American Boy on radio. Shepard Menken played Tonto. The narrator in the opening title was Marvin Miller. Other "guest voices" were provided by Paul Winchell, Agnes Moorehead and Hans Conried.

text: The Tarzan/Lone Ranger Adventure Hour, early 1980s[edit]

text: The Lone Ranger was featured, along with Zorro and Tarzan, in Adventure Hour cartoon shorts in the early 1980s, produced by Filmation. These episodes featured William Conrad as the voice of the Masked Man, although he was listed in the credits as "J. Darnoc" (Conrad spelled backwards). This series took a more realistic tone with a heavily historical context to include an educational element to the stories, even though there were several episodes that did feature elements of science fiction (much like the earlier cartoons from the 1960s). There were 14 episodes, combining two adventures in each episode, for a total of 28 stories. Though Conrad was the main voice featured, other noted voice actors in the Filmation series include an uncredited Lou Scheimer, Frank Welker, and Michael Bell.

text: The Lone Ranger: The Lost Episodes, 2001[edit]

text: In 2001, GoodTimes Home Video released a videotape called The Lone Ranger: The Lost Episodes. Along with clips from the first 1930s film serial, trailers for the two post-TV series features, commercials with Moore, and sometimes Silverheels, in character, and two complete television episodes, there was a cartoon short, said to date from the late 1930s.[55][56] This cartoon was produced by Pathegrams on 16mm film and sold to the home market and libraries, which often showed cartoons as a prelude to the feature films they would play for children, much as they do videos now. It was a silent film, like most films produced for the home market in those days, and had dialog written on title cards, just as films of the silent era. The DVD also has the approximately eight-minute-long documentary, "The Lone Ranger and the Peace Patrol". Presented and narrated by Clayton Moore, it revolves around purchasing U.S. Savings Stamps, a child's version of Savings Bonds. The main focus is to get children to invest in the stamps. The narrated segment culminates with the inaugural ceremonies on the grounds of the Washington Memorial before a crowd of thousands of children and their parents.

text: Video game[edit]

text: A video game version of The Lone Ranger was released by Konami for the Nintendo Entertainment System in North America in 1991. It is an action adventure game featuring three different perspectives: side-scrolling, overhead, and first-person exploration. The game loosely follows the plot of the 1981 film The Legend of the Lone Ranger, with the ultimate goal being the rescue of the President of the United States, whom the Lone Ranger's nemesis, "Butch" Cavendish, has kidnapped.

text: Premiums[edit]

text: The Lone Ranger program offered many radio premiums, including the Lone Ranger Six-Shooter Ring and the Lone Ranger Deputy Badge. Some used a silver bullet motif. One ring had a miniature of one of his six-guns atop it, with a flint and striking wheel, as used in cigarette lighters, so that "fanning" the miniature pistol would produce a shower of sparks. During World War II, the premiums adapted to the times. In 1942, the program offered the Kix Blackout Kit.

text: Some premiums were rather anachronistic for a 19th-century hero. In 1947, the program offered the Kix Atomic Bomb Ring, also known to collectors as the Lone Ranger Atom Bomb Ring.[57] This ring was a miniature spinthariscope that actually had a small amount of polonium-210 in it, which emitted alpha particles to produce scintillations on the zinc sulfide outer part of the ring. With its tailfin piece removed, though, the "bomb" body looked like a silver bullet.

text: The sponsor was General Mills, with its breakfast-cereal products: Cheerios, Wheaties, and Kix. In 1947, Cheerios produced a line of Frontier Town cereal boxes with the Lone Ranger likeness on the front of the box. Different versions of the boxes would have Frontier Town buildings on their backs to cut out. One could also send in ten cents and a box-top to get each of the four map sections of the town. These, as well as nine different boxes, were needed to complete the cardboard Frontier Town.

text: Toys[edit]

text: Besides the premiums offered in connection with the radio series, there have been many Lone Ranger commercial toys released over the years. One of the most successful was a line of 10-inch action figures and accessories released by Gabriel Toys in 1973.

text: Parodies and spoofs[edit]

text: In the 1939 Looney Tune The Lone Stranger and Porky, supervised by Bob Clampett, the masked man comes to the rescue of stagecoach driver in distress Porky Pig.[58]

text: In 1940, Hugh Harman made a Lone Ranger parody for MGM Cartoons titled The Lonesome Stranger.[59]

text: Jay Silverheels appeared as Tonto on The Tonight Show starring Johnny Carson in a comedy sketch in which Carson is interviewing Tonto for employment. The audio portion of this sketch was included in the LP Here's Johnny! Magic Moments From The Tonight Show, released by Casablanca Records.

text: Both Clayton Moore and Silverheels appeared as the Lone Ranger and Tonto in a commercial for Jeno's Pizza Rolls produced by ad man/satirist Stan Freberg. The commercial was a spoof of a then-current commercial for Lark cigarettes which also used the William Tell overture theme music.

text: A recorded routine by comic Lenny Bruce formed the basis for the 1971 animated cartoon, Thank You Mask Man, produced by John Magnuson Associates. This was an adult humor routine, comically implying a gay relationship between the Ranger and Tonto.

text: Parody versions of The Lone Ranger (called Lonely Rider) and Tonto appear as main characters in 1971 Finnish western comedy The Unhanged (Hirttämättömät). They were played by Vesa-Matti Loiri and Simo Salminen.

text: The Top Ranger is a movie parody produced by Disney starring Mickey Mouse (Top Ranger) and Goofy (Tonto-lone), with the script and drawing by Marco Gervasio and published in an Italian comic book, Topolino #3005 (July 2, 2013).[60]

text: "The Provolone Ranger", an episode of the Super Mario Bros. Super Show, featured Mario donning a mask to fight outlaws alongside of a speedy companion named Pronto. In a spoof of the Lone Ranger's habit of leaving before those whom he has helped can thank him, the episode ends with Mario returning to collect a reward of pasta.

text: In "Wild West Rangers"", a two-part episode of Mighty Morphin Power Rangers, Pink Ranger Kimberly Hart (Amy Jo Johnson) falls backwards through time to the Old West, where she meets look-alike ancestors of her fellow Power Rangers and other characters in the show. A hero called the White Stranger, a mask-less duplicate of Kimberly's boyfriend Tommy Oliver, the White Ranger (played by Jason David Frank) rides to the rescue on more than one occasion when danger threatens.

text: Ownership[edit]

text: From its inception, George W. Trendle had legal ownership of the Lone Ranger and characters associated with the Lone Ranger through his company, The Lone Ranger, Inc. Trendle sold The Lone Ranger, Inc. to oil man and film producer Jack Wrather in 1954 for $3 million. After Wrather died in 1984, his widow, Bonita Granville, sold the Wrather Productions properties to Southbrook International Television Co. in 1985.[61][62] Broadway Video acquired the rights in 1994. Classic Media acquired the rights in 2000. DreamWorks Animation acquired Classic Media in 2012 and renamed the division DreamWorks Classics,[63] which was acquired by NBCUniversal in 2016 for $3.8 billion. Its Universal Pictures unit presently has the rights to the Lone Ranger.[64]


document_title: List of Major League Baseball franchise postseason droughts

question_text: which mlb teams have never been to the world series

root

text: Longest current World Series championship droughts[edit]

text: No World Series was played in 1994, and counts as a drought season for those franchises.

tag: p

text:
Seasons

Team

Last World Series championship won

Last World Series appearance

70
Cleveland Indians
1948
2016

58
Texas Rangers
Never (franchise began 1961)
2011

50
Milwaukee Brewers
Never (franchise began 1969)
1982

50
San Diego Padres
Never (franchise began 1969)
1998

50
Washington Nationals
Never (franchise began 1969)
Never

42
Seattle Mariners
Never (franchise began 1977)
Never

39
Pittsburgh Pirates
1979
1979

35
Baltimore Orioles
1983
1983

34
Detroit Tigers
1984
2012

32
New York Mets
1986
2015

30
Los Angeles Dodgers
1988
2018

29
Oakland Athletics
1989
1990

28
Cincinnati Reds
1990
1990

27
Minnesota Twins
1991
1991

26
Colorado Rockies
Never (franchise began 1993)
2007

25
Toronto Blue Jays
1993
1993

23
Atlanta Braves
1995
1999

21
Tampa Bay Rays
Never (franchise began 1998)
2008

17
Arizona Diamondbacks
2001
2001

16
Los Angeles Angels
2002
2002

15
Miami Marlins
2003
2003

13
Chicago White Sox
2005
2005

10
Philadelphia Phillies
2008
2009

9
New York Yankees
2009
2009

7
St. Louis Cardinals
2011
2013

4
San Francisco Giants
2014
2014

3
Kansas City Royals
2015
2015

2
Chicago Cubs
2016
2016

1
Houston Astros
2017
2017

0
Boston Red Sox
2018
2018

tag: table

text: Longest World Series championship droughts through history[edit]

text: The first World Series was played in 1903.  No World Series was played in 1904 or 1994. This list only shows droughts of 30 or more seasons.  Active droughts are listed in bold type.

text:
Seasons
Team
Previous Title
Next Title

107
Chicago Cubs
1908
2016

87
Chicago White Sox
1917
2005

85
Boston Red Sox
1918
2004

77
Philadelphia Phillies
1903*
1980

70
Cleveland Indians
1948
—

63
St. Louis Browns/Baltimore Orioles
1903*
1966

62
Washington Senators/Minnesota Twins
1924
1987

58
Washington Senators/Texas Rangers
1961*
—

55
Houston Colt .45s/Astros
1962*
2017

55
New York/San Francisco Giants
1954
2010

52
Brooklyn Dodgers
1903*
1955

50
Seattle Pilots/Milwaukee Brewers
1969*
—

50
San Diego Padres
1969*
—

50
Montreal Expos/Washington Nationals
1969*
—

42
Boston/Milwaukee Braves
1914
1957

42
Seattle Mariners
1977*
—

41
Philadelphia/Kansas City/Oakland Athletics
1930
1972

41
Los Angeles-California-Anaheim Angels
1961*
2002

39
Pittsburgh Pirates
1979
—

37
Milwaukee/Atlanta Braves
1957
1995

35
Baltimore Orioles
1983
—

34
Pittsburgh Pirates
1925
1960

34
Cincinnati Reds
1940
1975

34
Detroit Tigers
1984
—

32
Detroit Tigers
1903*
1935

32
New York Mets
1986
—

30
Los Angeles Dodgers
1988
—

text: * Year does not indicate a title won, but rather the team's first year of existence or the first year of the modern World Series (1903).

text: World Series championship droughts by city/region[edit]

text:
This list only includes cities/regions with current Major League Baseball franchises.
Years during which a city/region did not field a Major League Baseball team are not counted.

text:
Region
Drought (seasons)
Last World Series title

Cleveland
70
Cleveland Indians, 1948

Washington, D.C.
61*
Washington Senators (original A.L.), 1924

Milwaukee
57**
Milwaukee Braves, 1957

San Diego
50‡
None

Dallas-Ft. Worth
47‡
None

Seattle
43‡ †
None

Pittsburgh
39
Pittsburgh Pirates, 1979

Baltimore
35
Baltimore Orioles, 1983

Detroit
34
Detroit Tigers, 1984

Cincinnati
28
Cincinnati Reds, 1990

Minneapolis–Saint Paul
27
Minnesota Twins, 1991

Denver
26‡
None

Toronto
25
Toronto Blue Jays, 1993

Atlanta
23
Atlanta Braves, 1995

Tampa-St. Petersburg
21‡
None

Phoenix
17
Arizona Diamondbacks, 2001

Los Angeles
16
Anaheim Angels, 2002

Miami-Ft. Lauderdale
15
Florida Marlins, 2003

Philadelphia
10
Philadelphia Phillies, 2008

New York City
9
New York Yankees, 2009

St. Louis
7
St. Louis Cardinals, 2011

San Francisco Bay Area
4
San Francisco Giants, 2014

Kansas City
3
Kansas City Royals, 2015

Chicago
2
Chicago Cubs, 2016

Houston
1
Houston Astros, 2017

Boston
0
Boston Red Sox, 2018

text: *city without Major League Baseball franchise for 33 seasons (1972–2004)

text: **city without Major League Baseball franchise for 4 seasons (1966–1969)

text: †city without Major League Baseball franchise for 7 seasons (1970–1976)

text: ‡number doesn't indicate a title won, but rather total seasons played.

text: World Series in which neither team had previously won a championship[edit]

text: In these instances, the World Series matchup ensured that one team would win the first championship in its history.

text:
Season
Won
Lost

1980
Philadelphia Phillies
Kansas City Royals

1920
Cleveland Indians
Brooklyn Dodgers

1909
Pittsburgh Pirates
Detroit Tigers

1907
Chicago Cubs
Detroit Tigers

1906*
Chicago White Sox
Chicago Cubs

1905*
New York Giants
Philadelphia Athletics

1903*
Boston Americans
Pittsburgh Pirates

text: *In these cases, each team was making its first World Series appearance.

text: World Series in which both teams had ended pennant droughts of 20-plus seasons[edit]

text:
Season
Won
Drought (seasons)
Lost
Drought (seasons)

2005
Chicago White Sox
45
Houston Astros
43

1948
Cleveland Indians
27
Boston Braves
33

text: World Series in which neither franchise had won a championship in 30-plus seasons[edit]

text: Teams that had never won the World Series are included, even if they were less than 30 seasons old at the time. Bold denotes team that won.

text:
Season
American League
Drought (seasons)
National League
Drought (seasons)

2016
Cleveland Indians
67
Chicago Cubs
107

2010
Texas Rangers
49*
San Francisco Giants
55

2005
Chicago White Sox
87
Houston Astros
43*

2002
Anaheim Angels
41*
San Francisco Giants
47

1997
Cleveland Indians
48
Florida Marlins
4*

1995
Cleveland Indians
46
Atlanta Braves
37

1992
Toronto Blue Jays
15*
Atlanta Braves
34

1980
Kansas City Royals
11*
Philadelphia Phillies
77*

1975
Boston Red Sox
56
Cincinnati Reds
34

1972
Oakland Athletics
40
Cincinnati Reds
31

1920
Cleveland Indians
17*
Brooklyn Dodgers
17*

1909
Detroit Tigers
6*
Pittsburgh Pirates
6*

1907
Detroit Tigers
4*
Chicago Cubs
4*

1906
Chicago White Sox
3*
Chicago Cubs
3*

1905
Philadelphia Athletics
2*
New York Giants
2*

1903
Boston Americans
0*
Pittsburgh Pirates
0*

text: Numbers marked with * indicates that the number is counted from either the franchise's first year of existence or the first year of the modern World Series (1903).

text: Major League pennant droughts[edit]

text: Longest current Major League pennant droughts[edit]

text: No pennants were won in 1994 due to the players' strike that year.

text:
Seasons

Team

Last pennant

50
Washington Nationals
Never (franchise started in 1969)

42
Seattle Mariners
Never (franchise started in 1977)

39
Pittsburgh Pirates
1979

36
Milwaukee Brewers
1982 (never since joining NL in 1998)

35
Baltimore Orioles
1983

28
Cincinnati Reds
1990

28
Oakland Athletics
1990

27
Minnesota Twins
1991

25
Toronto Blue Jays
1993

20
San Diego Padres
1998

19
Atlanta Braves
1999

17
Arizona Diamondbacks
2001

16
Los Angeles Angels
2002

15
Miami Marlins
2003

13
Chicago White Sox
2005

11
Colorado Rockies
2007

10
Tampa Bay Rays
2008

9
New York Yankees
2009

9
Philadelphia Phillies
2009

7
Texas Rangers
2011

6
Detroit Tigers
2012

5
St. Louis Cardinals
2013

4
San Francisco Giants
2014

3
Kansas City Royals
2015

3
New York Mets
2015

2
Chicago Cubs
2016

2
Cleveland Indians
2016

1
Houston Astros
2017

0
Boston Red Sox
2018

0
Los Angeles Dodgers
2018

text: Longest Major League pennant droughts through history[edit]

text: List begins with 1903, about the time the current configuration of National League and American League stabilized and also the year of the first World Series. No pennants were won in 1994 due to the players strike that year. This list only shows droughts of 20 or more seasons.  Active droughts are listed in bold type.

text:
Seasons
Team
Prev. Pennant
Next Pennant

70
Chicago Cubs
1945
2016

50
Montreal Expos/Washington Nationals
1969*
—

49
Washington Senators/Texas Rangers
1961*
2010

45
Chicago White Sox
1959
2005

43
Houston Colt .45s/Astros
1962*
2005

42
Seattle Mariners
1977*
—

41
St. Louis Browns
1903*
1944

41
Los Angeles-California-Anaheim Angels
1961*
2002

40
Philadelphia/Kansas City/Oakland Athletics
1931
1972

40
Cleveland Indians
1954
1995

39
Chicago White Sox
1919
1959

39
Pittsburgh Pirates
1979
—

36
Milwaukee Brewers
1982
—

35
Baltimore Orioles
1983
—

34
Philadelphia Phillies
1915
1950

33
Boston Braves
1914
1948

32
Pittsburgh Pirates
1927
1960

32
Milwaukee/Atlanta Braves
1958
1991

31
Washington Senators/Minnesota Twins
1933
1965

29
Philadelphia Phillies
1950
1980

28
Kansas City Royals
1985
2014

28
Los Angeles Dodgers
1988
2017

28
Oakland Athletics
1990
—

28
Cincinnati Reds
1990
—

27
Boston Red Sox
1918
1946

27
Cleveland Indians
1920
1948

27
Minnesota Twins
1991
—

26
San Francisco Giants
1962
1989

25
Toronto Blue Jays
1993
—

24
Detroit Tigers
1909
1934

23
St. Louis Cardinals
1903*
1926

22
Detroit Tigers
1945
1968

21
St. Louis Browns/Baltimore Orioles
1944
1966

21
Minnesota Twins
1965
1987

21
Detroit Tigers
1984
2006

21
Washington Senators
1903*
1924

20
Brooklyn Dodgers
1920
1941

20
Cincinnati Reds
1940
1961

20
Boston Red Sox
1946
1967

20
San Diego Padres
1998
—

text: * Year does not indicate a pennant, but rather the team's first year of existence or the first year of the modern World Series (1903).

text: Major League pennant droughts by city/region[edit]

text:
Region
Drought (seasons)
Last pennant

Washington, D.C.
52*
Washington Senators (original A.L.), 1933

Seattle
43** †
None

Pittsburgh
39
Pittsburgh Pirates, 1979

Milwaukee
36
Milwaukee Brewers, 1982 (in A.L.)

Baltimore
35
Baltimore Orioles, 1983

Cincinnati
28
Cincinnati Reds, 1990

Minneapolis–Saint Paul
27
Minnesota Twins, 1991

Toronto
25
Toronto Blue Jays, 1993

San Diego
20
San Diego Padres, 1998

Atlanta
19
Atlanta Braves, 1999

Phoenix
17
Arizona Diamondbacks, 2001

Miami-Ft. Lauderdale
15
Florida Marlins, 2003

Denver
11
Colorado Rockies, 2007

Tampa-St. Petersburg
10
Tampa Bay Rays, 2008

Philadelphia
9
Philadelphia Phillies, 2009

Dallas-Ft. Worth
7
Texas Rangers, 2011

Detroit
6
Detroit Tigers, 2012

St. Louis
5
St. Louis Cardinals, 2013

San Francisco Bay Area
4
San Francisco Giants, 2014

Kansas City
3
Kansas City Royals, 2015

New York City
3
New York Mets, 2015

Cleveland
2
Cleveland Indians, 2016

Chicago
2
Chicago Cubs, 2016

Houston
1
Houston Astros, 2017

Boston
0
Boston Red Sox, 2018

Los Angeles
0
Los Angeles Dodgers, 2018

text: **city without Major League Baseball franchise for 7 seasons (1970–1976)

text: †number doesn’t indicate a title won, but rather total seasons played.

text: World Series droughts by division[edit]

text:
Division

Last World Series win

Seasons

NL East
2008 — Phillies
10

NL West
2014 — Giants
4

AL Central
2015 — Royals
3

NL Central
2016 — Cubs
2

AL West
2017 — Astros
1

AL East
2018 — Red Sox
0

text: League championship appearance droughts[edit]

text: Longest current league championship appearance droughts[edit]

text: No league championships were played in 1994 due to the players' strike that year.

text:
Seasons

Team

Last appearance

37
Washington Nationals
1981

26
Pittsburgh Pirates
1992

23
Cincinnati Reds
1995

20
San Diego Padres
1998

17
Atlanta Braves
2001

17
Seattle Mariners
2001

16
Minnesota Twins
2002

15
Miami Marlins
2003

13
Chicago White Sox
2005

12
Oakland Athletics
2006

11
Arizona Diamondbacks
2007

11
Colorado Rockies
2007

10
Tampa Bay Rays
2008

9
Los Angeles Angels
2009

8
Philadelphia Phillies
2010

7
Texas Rangers
2011

5
Detroit Tigers
2013

4
St. Louis Cardinals
2014

4
San Francisco Giants
2014

4
Baltimore Orioles
2014

3
Kansas City Royals
2015

3
New York Mets
2015

2
Toronto Blue Jays
2016

2
Cleveland Indians
2016

1
Chicago Cubs
2017

1
New York Yankees
2017

0
Milwaukee Brewers
2018

0
Houston Astros
2018

0
Boston Red Sox
2018

0
Los Angeles Dodgers
2018

text: Postseason droughts[edit]

text: Longest current postseason droughts[edit]

text:
Seasons

Team

Last appearance

17
Seattle Mariners*
2001 ALCS

15
Miami Marlins
2003 World Series

12
San Diego Padres
2006 NLDS

10
Chicago White Sox
2008 ALDS

7
Philadelphia Phillies
2011 NLDS

5
Cincinnati Reds
2013 NL Wild Card

5
Tampa Bay Rays
2013 ALDS

4
Detroit Tigers
2014 ALDS

4
Los Angeles Angels
2014 ALDS

3
Pittsburgh Pirates
2015 NL Wild Card

3
St. Louis Cardinals
2015 NLDS

3
Kansas City Royals
2015 World Series

2
Baltimore Orioles
2016 AL Wild Card

2
New York Mets
2016 NL Wild Card

2
San Francisco Giants
2016 NLDS

2
Texas Rangers
2016 ALDS

2
Toronto Blue Jays
2016 ALCS

1
Minnesota Twins
2017 AL Wild Card

1
Arizona Diamondbacks
2017 NLDS

1
Washington Nationals
2017 NLDS

0
Oakland Athletics
2018 AL Wild Card

0
Chicago Cubs
2018 NL Wild Card

0
Atlanta Braves
2018 NLDS

0
Cleveland Indians
2018 ALDS

0
Colorado Rockies
2018 NLDS

0
New York Yankees
2018 ALDS

0
Houston Astros
2018 ALCS

0
Milwaukee Brewers
2018 NLCS

0
Los Angeles Dodgers
2018 World Series

0
Boston Red Sox
2018 World Series

text: *Also longest active drought in North American sports[citation needed]

text: Longest postseason droughts in the expanded-postseason era[edit]

text: After the postseason was expanded in 1995 to include eight teams (further expanded in 2012 to ten teams), 18 of the 30 teams qualified within the first five years, and few teams went for long droughts without at least participating in the first round of the postseason.  This list only shows droughts of 15 or more seasons that occurred primarily in the expanded-postseason era.  Active droughts are listed in bold type.

text:
Seasons
Team
Previous Postseason Appearance
Next Postseason Appearance

30
Montreal Expos/Washington Nationals
1981
2012

28
Kansas City Royals
1985
2014

25
Milwaukee Brewers
1982
2008

21
Toronto Blue Jays
1993
2015

20
Pittsburgh Pirates
1992
2013

18
Detroit Tigers
1987
2006

17
Seattle Mariners
2001
—

15
Los Angeles Angels
1986
2002

15
Miami Marlins
2003
—


document_title: Coming Home for Christmas (2017 film)

question_text: coming home for christmas 2017 where was it filmed

text: Coming Home for Christmas (2017 film)

text: Plot[edit]

text: Lizzie Richfield is at a crossroads when she lands a job as house manager for the exclusive Ashford Estate in the Virginia countryside.

text: The estate is being sold; prior to its sale, Lizzie plans one final Christmas Eve gala for the owners: the Marley family, who appear to be a "family" in name only. The clan consists of Kip Marley (who never met a party he didn’t like); Robert (the handsome but all-business executor of the estate); Sloane (who arrives with her two young children, sans husband), and Pippa (the 80-year-old matriarch, a spitfire who doesn’t want to put the house up for sale at all).

text: As Lizzie is inserted into the home and the lives of the Marley family she finds herself drawn to Robert – even as Kip pursues her.

text: Cast[edit]

text:
Danica McKellar as Lizzie Richfield
Neal Bledsoe as Robert Marley
Chelan Simmons as Sloane
Andrew Francis as Kip Marley
Lindsay Maxwell as Megan Richfield
Paula Shaw as Pippa Marley
Andrew Kavadas as Gerard
Brenda Crichlow as Anna
Rebecca Staab as Camille Richfield
Bekham Skoddje as Sammy
Christian Convery as Paul
Scott Perrie as Jackson
Tosca Baggoo as Carla
Roz Murray as Gladys

tag: ul

text: Development[edit]

text: The film was developed from an original novel of the same name by author Jenny Hale. Hale was approached by a screenwriter who wished to adapt the novel after reading the book.[1]

text: Filming[edit]

text: Filming took place in British Columbia, in the Abbotsford, Vancouver and Langley areas in August 2017, with a mansion in the Aldergrove area of Langely serving as the property at the centre of the story.[2]

text: Broadcast[edit]

text: The film premiered on the Hallmark Channel on November 18, 2017, as part of the channel's 'Countdown to Christmas' season of programming.[2]