document_title: Quantitative easing

question_text: when did the bank of england start quantitative easing

text: Quantitative easing

text: Process[edit]

text: Standard central bank monetary policies are usually enacted by buying or selling government bonds on the open market to reach a desired target for the interbank interest rate. However, if a recession or depression continues even when a central bank has lowered interest rates to nearly zero, the central bank can no longer lower interest rates, a situation known as the liquidity trap. The central bank may then implement quantitative easing by buying financial assets without reference to interest rates. This policy is sometimes described as a last resort to stimulate the economy.[27][28]

text: A central bank enacts quantitative easing by purchasing—regardless of interest rates—a predetermined quantity of bonds or other financial assets on financial markets from private financial institutions.[5][13] This action increases the excess reserves that banks hold. The goal of this policy is to facilitate an expansion of private bank lending; if private banks increase lending, it would increase the money supply, though QE does directly increase the broad money supply even without further bank lending. Additionally, if the central bank also purchases financial instruments that are riskier than government bonds, it can also lower the interest yield of those assets (as those assets are more scarce in the market, and thus their prices go up correspondingly).

text: Quantitative easing, and monetary policy in general, can only be carried out if the central bank controls the currency used in the country. The central banks of countries in the Eurozone, for example, cannot unilaterally decide to employ quantitative easing. They must instead rely on the European Central Bank's governing council (composed of all national central banks governors) to agree on a common monetary policy, which they (national central banks) implement.[29]

text: History[edit]

text: Precedents[edit]

text: The US Federal Reserve belatedly implemented policies similar to the current quantitative easing during the Great Depression of the 1930s.[30][31] Specifically, banks' excess reserves exceeded 6 percent in 1940, whereas they vanished during the entire postwar period until 2008.[32] Despite this fact, many commentators called the scope of the Federal Reserve quantitative easing program after the 2008 crisis "unprecedented".[33][34][35] [check quotation syntax]

text: Japan before 2007[edit]

text: A policy termed 'quantitative easing' (量的金融緩和, ryōteki kin'yū kanwa) was first used by the Bank of Japan (BOJ) to fight domestic deflation in the early 2000s.[20][36][37][38] The BOJ had maintained short-term interest rates at close to zero since 1999. The Bank of Japan had for many years, and as late as February 2001, stated that "quantitative easing ... is not effective" and rejected its use for monetary policy.[39]

text: According to the Bank of Japan, the central bank adopted quantitative easing on 19 March 2001.[40][41] Under quantitative easing, the BOJ flooded commercial banks with excess liquidity to promote private lending, leaving them with large stocks of excess reserves and therefore little risk of a liquidity shortage.[42] The BOJ accomplished this by buying more government bonds than would be required to set the interest rate to zero. It later also bought asset-backed securities and equities and extended the terms of its commercial paper–purchasing operation.[43] The BOJ increased the commercial bank current account balance from ¥5 trillion to ¥35 trillion (approximately US$300 billion) over a four-year period starting in March 2001. The BOJ also tripled the quantity of long-term Japan government bonds it could purchase on a monthly basis.[citation needed]

text: After 2007[edit]

text: Since the global financial crisis of 2007–08, policies similar to those undertaken by Japan have been used by the United States, the United Kingdom, and the Eurozone. Quantitative easing was used by these countries because their risk-free short-term nominal interest rates (termed the federal funds rate in the US, or the official bank rate in the UK) were either at or close to zero.

text: During the peak of the financial crisis in 2008, the US Federal Reserve expanded its balance sheet dramatically by adding new assets and new liabilities without "sterilizing" these by corresponding subtractions. In the same period, the United Kingdom also used quantitative easing as an additional arm of its monetary policy to alleviate its financial crisis.[44][45][46]

text: US QE1, QE2, and QE3 [edit]

text: The U.S. Federal Reserve System held between $700 billion and $800 billion of Treasury notes on its balance sheet before the recession. In late November 2008, the Federal Reserve started buying $600 billion in mortgage-backed securities.[47] By March 2009, it held $1.75 trillion of bank debt, mortgage-backed securities, and Treasury notes; this amount reached a peak of $2.1 trillion in June 2010. Further purchases were halted as the economy started to improve, but resumed in August 2010 when the Fed decided the economy was not growing robustly. After the halt in June, holdings started falling naturally as debt matured and were projected to fall to $1.7 trillion by 2012. The Fed's revised goal became to keep holdings at $2.054 trillion. To maintain that level, the Fed bought $30 billion in two- to ten-year Treasury notes every month.[48]

text: In November 2010, the Fed announced a second round of quantitative easing, buying $600 billion of Treasury securities by the end of the second quarter of 2011.[49][50] The expression "QE2" became a ubiquitous nickname in 2010, used to refer to this second round of quantitative easing by US central banks.[51] Retrospectively, the round of quantitative easing preceding QE2 was called "QE1".[52][53]

text: A third round of quantitative easing, "QE3", was announced on 13 September 2012. In an 11–1 vote, the Federal Reserve decided to launch a new $40 billion per month, open-ended bond purchasing program of agency mortgage-backed securities. Additionally, the Federal Open Market Committee (FOMC) announced that it would likely maintain the federal funds rate near zero "at least through 2015."[54][55] According to NASDAQ.com, this is effectively a stimulus program that allows the Federal Reserve to relieve $40 billion per month of commercial housing market debt risk.[56] Because of its open-ended nature, QE3 has earned the popular nickname of "QE-Infinity."[57] On 12 December 2012, the FOMC announced an increase in the amount of open-ended purchases from $40 billion to $85 billion per month.[58]

text: On 19 June 2013, Ben Bernanke announced a "tapering" of some of the Fed's QE policies contingent upon continued positive economic data. Specifically, he said that the Fed could scale back its bond purchases from $85 billion to $65 billion a month during the upcoming September 2013 policy meeting.[59][not in citation given] He also suggested that the bond-buying program could wrap up by mid-2014.[60] While Bernanke did not announce an interest rate hike, he suggested that if inflation followed a 2% target rate and unemployment decreased to 6.5%, the Fed would likely start raising rates. The stock markets dropped by approximately 4.3% over the three trading days following Bernanke's announcement, with the Dow Jones dropping 659 points between 19 and 24 June, closing at 14,660 at the end of the day on 24 June.[61] On 18 September 2013, the Fed decided to hold off on scaling back its bond-buying program,[62] and announced in December 2013 that it would begin to taper its purchases in January 2014.[63] Purchases were halted on 29 October 2014[64] after accumulating $4.5 trillion in assets.[65]

text: United Kingdom[edit]

text: During its QE programme, the Bank of England bought gilts from financial institutions, along with a smaller amount of relatively high-quality debt issued by private companies.[67] The banks, insurance companies, and pension funds could then use the money they received for lending or even to buy back more bonds from the bank. Further, the central bank could lend the new money to private banks or buy assets from banks in exchange for currency.[citation needed] These measures have the effect of depressing interest yields on government bonds and similar investments, making it cheaper for business to raise capital.[68] Another side effect is that investors will switch to other investments, such as shares, boosting their price and thus encouraging consumption.[67] QE can reduce interbank overnight interest rates and thereby encourage banks to loan money to higher interest-paying and financially weaker bodies.

text: Beginning in March 2009, the Bank of England had purchased around £165 billion in assets as of September 2009 and around £175 billion in assets by the end of October 2009.[69] At its meeting in November 2009, the Monetary Policy Committee (MPC) voted to increase total asset purchases to £200 billion. Most of the assets purchased have been UK government securities (gilts); the Bank has also purchased smaller quantities of high-quality private-sector assets.[70] In December 2010, MPC member Adam Posen called for a £50 billion expansion of the Bank's quantitative easing programme, while his colleague Andrew Sentance has called for an increase in interest rates due to inflation being above the target rate of 2%.[71] In October 2011, the Bank of England announced that it would undertake another round of QE, creating an additional £75 billion.[72] In February 2012 it announced an additional £50 billion.[73] In July 2012 it announced another £50 billion,[74] bringing the total amount to £375 billion. The Bank has said that it will not buy more than 70% of any issue of government debt.[75] This means that at least 30% of any issue of government debt will have to be purchased and held by institutions other than the Bank of England. In 2012 the Bank estimated that quantitative easing had benefited households differentially according to the assets they hold; richer households have more assets.[76]

text: In August 2016, the Bank of England said it would buy an additional £60bn of UK government bonds and £10bn of corporate bonds, to address uncertainty over Brexit and worries about productivity and economic growth.[77]

text: Europe[edit]

text: The European Central Bank said that it would focus on buying covered bonds, a form of corporate debt. It signalled that its initial purchases would be worth about €60 billion in May 2009.[78]

text: At the beginning of 2013, the Swiss National Bank had the largest balance sheet relative to the size of the economy it was responsible for, at close to 100% of Switzerland's national output. A total of 12% of its reserves were in foreign equities. By contrast, the US Federal Reserve's holdings equalled about 20% of US GDP, while the European Central Bank's assets were worth 30% of GDP.[79]

text: In a dramatic change of policy, following the new Jackson Hole Consensus, on 22 January 2015 Mario Draghi, President of the European Central Bank, announced an 'expanded asset purchase programme': where €60 billion per month of euro-area bonds from central governments, agencies and European institutions would be bought. Beginning in March 2015, the stimulus was planned to last until September 2016 at the earliest with a total QE of at least €1.1 trillion. Mario Draghi announced the programme would continue: 'until we see a continued adjustment in the path of inflation', referring to the ECB's need to combat the growing threat of deflation across the eurozone in early 2015.[80][81]

text: On 10 March 2016, ECB increased its monthly bond purchases to €80 billion from €60 billion and started to include corporate bonds under the asset purchasing programme and announced new ultra-cheap four-year loans to banks.

text: Scandinavia[edit]

text: Swedish National Bank launched quantitative easing in February 2015, announcing government bond purchases of nearly 1.2 billion USD.[82] The annualised inflation rate in January 2015 was minus 0.3 percent, and the bank implied that Sweden's economy could slide into deflation.[82]

text: Japan after 2007 and Abenomics[edit]

text: In early October 2010, the Bank of Japan announced that it would examine the purchase of ¥5 trillion (US$60 billion) in assets. This was an attempt to push down the value of the yen against the US dollar to stimulate the domestic economy by making Japanese exports cheaper; however, it was ineffective.[83]

text: On 4 August 2011 the BOJ announced a unilateral move to increase the commercial bank current account balance from ¥40 trillion (US$504 billion) to a total of ¥50 trillion (US$630 billion).[84][85] In October 2011, the Bank expanded its asset purchase program by ¥5 trillion ($66bn) to a total of ¥55 trillion.[86]

text: On 4 April 2013, the Bank of Japan announced that it would expand its asset purchase program by 60 to 70 trillion Yen a year. https://www.boj.or.jp/en/mopo/outline/qqe.htm/

text: The Bank hoped to bring Japan from deflation to inflation, aiming for 2% inflation. The amount of purchases was so large that it was expected to double the money supply.[87] This policy has been named Abenomics, as a portmanteau of economic policies and Shinzō Abe, the current Prime Minister of Japan.

text: On 31 October 2014, the BOJ announced the expansion of its bond buying program, to now buy 80 trillion Yen of bonds a year.[88]

text: Economic impact[edit]

text: Effectiveness[edit]

text: According to the International Monetary Fund (IMF), the quantitative easing policies undertaken by the central banks of the major developed countries since the beginning of the late-2000s financial crisis have contributed to the reduction in systemic risks following the bankruptcy of Lehman Brothers. The IMF states that the policies also contributed to the improvements in market confidence and the bottoming-out of the recession in the G7 economies in the second half of 2009.[24]

text: Economist Martin Feldstein argues that QE2 led to a rise in the stock market in the second half of 2010, which in turn contributed to increasing consumption and the strong performance of the US economy in late 2010.[26] Former Federal Reserve Chairman Alan Greenspan calculated that as of July 2012, there was "very little impact on the economy."[89] Federal Reserve Governor Jeremy Stein has said that measures of quantitive easing such as large-scale asset purchases "have played a significant role in supporting economic activity".[25]

text: According to Neil Irwin, senior economic correspondent at The New York Times, quantitative easing by the US Federal Reserve likely contributed to: i) Lower interest rates for corporate bonds and mortgage rates, helping support housing prices; ii) Higher stock market valuation, in terms of a higher price-earnings ratio for the S&P 500 index; iii) Increased inflation rate and investor's expectations for future inflation; iv) Higher rate of job creation; and v) Higher rate of GDP growth.[90]

text: Several studies published in the aftermath of the crisis found Large Scale Asset Purchases to have lowered long term interest rates on a variety of securities as well as lower credit risk. The impacts were to modestly increase inflation and boost GDP growth.[91][92][93][94][95]

text: Exchange rate effects[edit]

text: Increasing the money supply tends to depreciate a country's exchange rates relative to other currencies, through the mechanism of the interest rate. Lower interest rates lead to a capital outflow from a country, thereby reducing foreign demand for a country's money, leading to a weaker currency. This feature of QE directly benefits exporters living in the country performing QE, as well as debtors, since the interest rate has fallen, meaning there is less money to be repaid. However, it directly harms creditors as they earn less money from lower interest rates. Devaluation of a currency also directly harms importers and consumers, as the cost of imported goods is inflated by the devaluation of the currency.[96]

text: Counteracting a falling money supply[edit]

text: In a fractional reserve monetary system the money supply will contract when repayments of bank loans (destroying money) exceed the amount of new credit extended. During the great depression, for example, the money supply fell by approximately 35%.[citation needed]

text: Risks[edit]

text: Quantitative easing may cause higher inflation than desired if the amount of easing required is overestimated and too much money is created by the purchase of liquid assets.[22] On the other hand, QE can fail to spur demand if banks remain reluctant to lend money to businesses and households. Even then, QE can still ease the process of deleveraging as it lowers yields. However, there is a time lag between monetary growth and inflation; inflationary pressures associated with money growth from QE could build before the central bank acts to counter them.[97] Inflationary risks are mitigated if the system's economy outgrows the pace of the increase of the money supply from the easing. If production in an economy increases because of the increased money supply, the value of a unit of currency may also increase, even though there is more currency available. For example, if a nation's economy were to spur a significant increase in output at a rate at least as high as the amount of debt monetized, the inflationary pressures would be equalized. This can only happen if member banks actually lend the excess money out instead of hoarding the extra cash. During times of high economic output, the central bank always has the option of restoring reserves to higher levels through raising interest rates or other means, effectively reversing the easing steps taken.

text: Economists such as John Taylor[98] believe that quantitative easing creates unpredictability. Since the increase in bank reserves may not immediately increase the money supply if held as excess reserves, the increased reserves create the danger that inflation may eventually result when the reserves are loaned out.[99]

text: Impact on savings and pensions[edit]

text: In the European Union, World Pensions Council (WPC) financial economists have also argued that artificially low government bond interest rates induced by QE will have an adverse impact on the underfunding condition of pension funds, since "without returns that outstrip inflation, pension investors face the real value of their savings declining rather than ratcheting up over the next few years".[100][101]

text: Capital flight[edit]

text: According to Bloomberg reporter David Lynch, the new money from quantitative easing could be used by the banks to invest in emerging markets, commodity-based economies, commodities themselves, and non-local opportunities rather than to lend to local businesses that are having difficulty getting loans.[102]

text: Increased income and wealth inequality[edit]

text: Critics frequently point to the redistributive effects of quantitative easing. For instance, British Prime Minister Theresa May openly criticized QE in July 2016 for its regressive effects: "Monetary policy – in the form of super-low interest rates and quantitative easing – has helped those on the property ladder at the expense of those who can't afford to own their own home."[103] Dhaval Joshi of BCA Research wrote that "QE cash ends up overwhelmingly in profits, thereby exacerbating already extreme income inequality and the consequent social tensions that arise from it".[104] Anthony Randazzo of the Reason Foundation wrote that QE "is fundamentally a regressive redistribution program that has been boosting wealth for those already engaged in the financial sector or those who already own homes, but passing little along to the rest of the economy. It is a primary driver of income inequality".[104]

text: Those critics are partly based on some evidence provided by central banks themselves. In 2012, a Bank of England report[105] showed that its quantitative easing policies had benefited mainly the wealthy, and that 40% of those gains went to the richest 5% of British households.[104][106]

text: In May 2013, Federal Reserve Bank of Dallas President Richard Fisher said that cheap money has made rich people richer, but has not done quite as much for working Americans.[107]

text: Answering similar critics expressed by MEP Molly Scott Cato, the President of the ECB Mario Draghi once declared:[108][109]

text: Some of these policies may, on the one hand, increase inequality but, on the other hand, if we ask ourselves what the major source of inequality is, the answer would be unemployment. So, to the extent that these policies help – and they are helping on that front – then certainly an accommodative monetary policy is better in the present situation than a restrictive monetary policy.

text: Criticism by BRIC countries[edit]

text: BRIC countries have criticized the QE carried out by the central banks of developed nations. They share the argument that such actions amount to protectionism and competitive devaluation. As net exporters whose currencies are partially pegged to the dollar, they protest that QE causes inflation to rise in their countries and penalizes their industries.[110][111][112][113]

text: Political risk[edit]

text: Richard W. Fisher, president of the Federal Reserve Bank of Dallas, warned in 2010 that QE carries "the risk of being perceived as embarking on the slippery slope of debt monetization. We know that once a central bank is perceived as targeting government debt yields at a time of persistent budget deficits, concern about debt monetization quickly arises." Later in the same speech, he stated that the Fed is monetizing the government debt: "The math of this new exercise is readily transparent: The Federal Reserve will buy $110 billion a month in Treasuries, an amount that, annualized, represents the projected deficit of the federal government for next year. For the next eight months, the nation's central bank will be monetizing the federal debt."[114] Ben Bernanke remarked in 2002 that the US government had a technology called the printing press (or, today, its electronic equivalent), so that if rates reached zero and deflation threatened, the government could always act to ensure deflation was prevented. He said, however, that the government would not print money and distribute it "willy nilly" but would rather focus its efforts in certain areas (e.g., buying federal agency debt securities and mortgage-backed securities).[115][116] According to economist Robert McTeer, former president of the Federal Reserve Bank of Dallas, there is nothing wrong with printing money during a recession, and quantitative easing is different from traditional monetary policy "only in its magnitude and pre-announcement of amount and timing".[117][118]

text: Related policies[edit]

text: Qualitative easing[edit]

text: Professor Willem Buiter of the London School of Economics has proposed a terminology to distinguish quantitative easing, or an expansion of a central bank's balance sheet, from what he terms qualitative easing, or the process of a central bank adding riskier assets to its balance sheet:

text: Quantitative easing is an increase in the size of the balance sheet of the central bank through an increase [in its] monetary liabilities (base money), holding constant the composition of its assets. Asset composition can be defined as the proportional shares of the different financial instruments held by the central bank in the total value of its assets. An almost equivalent definition would be that quantitative easing is an increase in the size of the balance sheet of the central bank through an increase in its monetary liabilities that holds constant the (average) liquidity and riskiness of its asset portfolio.

text: Qualitative easing is a shift in the composition of the assets of the central bank towards less liquid and riskier assets, holding constant the size of the balance sheet (and the official policy rate and the rest of the list of usual suspects). The less liquid and more risky assets can be private securities as well as sovereign or sovereign-guaranteed instruments. All forms of risk, including credit risk (default risk) are included.[119]

text: Credit easing[edit]

text: In introducing the Federal Reserve's response to the 2008–09 financial crisis, Fed Chairman Ben Bernanke distinguished the new program, which he termed "credit easing", from Japanese-style quantitative easing. In his speech, he announced,

text: Our approach—which could be described as "credit easing"—resembles quantitative easing in one respect: It involves an expansion of the central bank's balance sheet. However, in a pure QE regime, the focus of policy is the quantity of bank reserves, which are liabilities of the central bank; the composition of loans and securities on the asset side of the central bank's balance sheet is incidental. Indeed, although the Bank of Japan's policy approach during the QE period was quite multifaceted, the overall stance of its policy was gauged primarily in terms of its target for bank reserves. In contrast, the Federal Reserve's credit easing approach focuses on the mix of loans and securities that it holds and on how this composition of assets affects credit conditions for households and businesses.[120]

text: Credit easing involves increasing the money supply by the purchase not of government bonds but of private-sector assets, such as corporate bonds and residential mortgage–backed securities.[121][122] In 2010, the Federal Reserve purchased $1.25 trillion of mortgage-backed securities to support the sagging mortgage market. These purchases increased the monetary base in a way similar to a purchase of government securities.[123]

text: Monetary financing[edit]

text: Quantitative easing has been nicknamed "printing money" by some members of the media,[124][125][126] central bankers,[127] and financial analysts.[128][129] Stephen Hester, chief executive officer of the RBS Group, said:

text: What the Bank of England does in quantitative easing is it prints money to buy government debt, ... So the Quantitative Easing has enabled governments, this government, to run a big budget deficit without killing the economy because the Bank of England has financed it.[130]

text: The Dutch Central Bank itself sees QE as being a money creation operation:[131]

text: The Eurosystem directly injects money into the economy by purchasing the bonds with newly created electronic cash. This is called quantitative easing.

text: However, QE is a very different form of money creation than it is commonly understood when talking about "money printing". Indeed, the term printing money usually implies that newly created money is used to directly finance government deficits or pay off government debt (also known as monetizing the government debt). However, with QE, the newly created money is directly used to buy government bonds or other financial assets,[124] Central banks in most developed nations (e.g., the United Kingdom, the United States, Japan, and the EU) are prohibited from buying government debt directly from the government and must instead buy it from the secondary market.[123][132] This two-step process, where the government sells bonds to private entities that in turn sell them to the central bank, has been called "monetizing the debt" by many analysts.[123] Also, the Federal Reserve has mostly "sterilized" its bond purchases by paying interest to banks for reserve deposits. This removes money from circulation previously added by the Fed's bond purchases. The net effect is to raise bond prices, lowering borrowing rates for mortgages and other loans, without an inflationary increase in the money supply [133]

text: The distinguishing characteristic between QE and monetizing debt is that with the former, the central bank creates money to stimulate the economy, not to finance government spending (although an indirect effect of QE is to lower rates on sovereign bonds). Also, the central bank has the stated intention of reversing the QE when the economy has recovered (by selling the government bonds and other financial assets back into the market).[124] The only effective way to determine whether a central bank has monetized debt is to compare its performance relative to its stated objectives. Many central banks have adopted an inflation target. It is likely that a central bank is monetizing the debt if it continues to buy government debt when inflation is above target and if the government has problems with debt financing.[123]

text: In fact, with the failure of quantitative easing programmes around the world, more and more people are precisely calling for a more overt and direct money printing process, including monetary financing of government budgets, helicopter money or "QE for People" (see section below).

text: QE for the people[edit]

text: In response to concerns that QE is failing to create sufficient demand, particularly in the Eurozone, a number of economists have called for "QE for the people". Instead of buying government bonds or other securities by creating bank reserves, as the Federal Reserve and Bank of England have done, some suggest that central banks could make payments directly to households (in a similar fashion as Milton Friedman's helicopter money).[134] Economists Mark Blyth and Eric Lonergan argue in Foreign Affairs that this is the most effective solution for the Eurozone, particularly given the restrictions on fiscal policy.[135] They argue that based on the evidence from tax rebates in the United States, less than 5% of GDP transferred by the ECB to the household sector in the Eurozone would suffice to generate a recovery, a fraction of what it intends to be done under standard QE. Oxford economist, John Muellbauer, has suggested that this could be legally implemented using the electoral register.[136]

text: On 27 March 2015, 19 economists including Steve Keen, David Graeber, Ann Pettifor, Robert Skidelsky, and Guy Standing have signed a letter to the Financial Times calling on the European Central Bank to adopt a more direct approach to its quantitative easing plan announced earlier in February.[137]

text: In November 2015, more than 65 economists supported the campaign 'Quantitative Easing for People',[138] claiming that "Instead of flooding financial markets, money created through QE should be spent into the real economy, on essential public investment such as green infrastructure, affordable housing and/or distributed as a citizens’ dividend to all residents."

text: Those ideas were also discussed at the European Parliament on 17 February 2016.[139][140]

text: A variant of QE for the people is People's Quantitative Easing, a policy proposed by Jeremy Corbyn during the 2015 Labour leadership election, which would require the Bank of England to create money to finance government investment via a National Investment Bank.[141]

text: Altering debt maturity structure[edit]

text: Based on research by economist Eric Swanson reassessing the effectiveness of the US Federal Open Market Committee action in 1961 known as Operation Twist, The Economist has posted that a similar restructuring of the supply of different types of debt would have an effect equal to that of QE.[142] Such action would allow finance ministries (e.g., the US Department of the Treasury) a role in the process now reserved for central banks.[142]


document_title: Stephen Curry

question_text: where did steph curry play college basketball at

root

text: Stephen Curry

text: Early life

text: Stephen Curry is the son of Sonya (Adams) and Dell Curry. He was born in Akron, Ohio while his father was a member of the Cleveland Cavaliers.[2][3] He grew up in Charlotte, North Carolina, where his father spent most of his NBA career with the Charlotte Hornets.[4] Dell often took Curry and his younger brother Seth to his games, where they would shoot with the Hornets during warm-ups.[5] The family briefly relocated to Toronto, where Dell finished out his career as a member of the Raptors.[4] During this time, Curry played for the Queensway Christian College boys' basketball team, leading them to an undefeated season.[6][7] He was also a member of Toronto 5–0, a club team that plays across Ontario,[8][9] pitting him against fellow future NBA players Cory Joseph and Kelly Olynyk.[9] Curry led the team to a 33–4 record, en route to winning the provincial championship.[10]

tag: p

text: Following Dell's retirement, the family moved back to Charlotte and Curry enrolled at Charlotte Christian School, where he was named all-conference, all-state, and led his team to three conference titles and three state playoff appearances. Because of his father's storied career at Virginia Tech, Curry wanted to play college basketball for the Hokies, but was only offered a walk-on spot due in part to his slender 160-pound frame.[11] He ultimately chose to attend Davidson College, who had aggressively recruited him from the tenth grade.[12]

text:
US college sports recruiting information for high school athletes

Name
Hometown
High school / college
Height
Weight
Commit date

Stephen Curry
PG
Charlotte, North Carolina
Charlotte Christian
6 ft 2 in (1.88 m)
163 lb (74 kg)
Sep 18, 2005

Recruiting star ratings: Scout:   Rivals:   247Sports:

Overall recruiting rankings: Scout: 36 (PG)

Note: In many cases, Scout, Rivals, 247Sports, and ESPN may conflict in their listings of height and weight.
In these cases, the average was taken. ESPN grades are on a 100-point scale.

Sources:

"2006 Davidson Basketball Commitment List". Rivals.com. Retrieved August 21, 2013.
"2006 Davidson College Basketball Team Recruiting Prospects". Scout.com. Archived from the original on August 21, 2013. Retrieved August 21, 2013.

"Scout.com Team Recruiting Rankings". Scout.com. Retrieved August 21, 2013.
"2006 Team Ranking". Rivals.com. Retrieved August 21, 2013.

tag: table

text: College career

text: Freshman season

text: Before Curry even played in his first game for the Wildcats, head coach Bob McKillop praised him at a Davidson alumni event, "Wait 'til you see Steph Curry. He is something special."[13] In his first collegiate game, against Eastern Michigan, Curry finished with 15 points but committed 13 turnovers. In the next game, against Michigan, he scored 32 points, dished out 4 assists, and grabbed 9 rebounds. Curry finished the season leading the Southern Conference in scoring with 21.5 points per game. He was second in the nation among freshmen in scoring, behind only Kevin Durant of Texas. Curry's scoring ability helped the Wildcats to a 29–5 overall record and a Southern Conference regular season title. On March 2, 2007, in the Southern Conference tournament semi-finals against Furman, Curry made his 113th three-pointer of the year, breaking Keydren Clark's NCAA freshman season record for 3-point field goals.[14]

text: Curry eclipsed the school freshman scoring record with his 502nd point against Chattanooga on February 6, 2007.[15] On March 15, 2007, Davidson marched into the NCAA tournament as a 13 seed set to play Maryland; despite Curry's game-high 30 points, Davidson lost 82–70.[16] At the end of his freshman season, Curry was named Southern Conference Freshman of the Year, SoCon Tournament MVP, and selected to the SoCon All-tournament team, All-freshman team, and first team All-SoCon. He was also honorable mention in Sports Illustrated's All-Mid-Major. After the season ended, he was selected for the USA team to appear at the 2007 FIBA U19 World Championships in which he averaged 9.4 points, 3.8 rebounds, and 2.2 assists in 19.4 minutes, helping team USA to a silver medal finish.

text: Sophomore season

text: In his sophomore season in 2007–08, Curry had grown to his adult height of 6 ft 3 in (1.91 m) and again led the Southern Conference in scoring, averaging 25.5 points per game while adding 4.7 rebounds per game and 2.8 assists per game. He led the Wildcats to a 26–6 regular season record, and a 20–0 conference record. As a result of Curry's exceptional play, Davidson earned its third straight NCAA Tournament bid.

text: On March 21, 2008, Davidson matched up with seventh-seeded Gonzaga. Gonzaga led by 11 points early in the second half but Curry went on to score 30 points in the half[17] to push Davidson to their first NCAA Tournament win since 1969, 82–76. Curry ended the game with 40 points while also going 8-for-10 from 3-point range.[18] On March 23, Davidson played second seeded Georgetown in the second round of the NCAA Tournament. Georgetown, ranked eighth nationally, entered the game as a heavy favorite after an appearance in the Final Four in 2007. Curry managed just five points in the first half of the game as Davidson trailed by as many as 17 points, but his 25 second-half points led Davidson to a 74–70 comeback victory.[17]

text: On March 28, 2008, Curry led Davidson to another win, against third-seeded Wisconsin. Curry scored 33 points as Davidson won 73–56 to advance to the Elite 8.[19] Curry joined Clyde Lovellette, Jerry Chambers, and Glenn Robinson as the only college players to score over 30 points in their first four career NCAA tournament games.[19] Curry also tied Darrin Fitzgerald of Butler for the single-season record for most three-pointers with 158.[20][21] On March 30, 2008, he set the record, against the top-seeded Kansas Jayhawks, with his 159th three-pointer of the season. Curry scored 25 points in the game but Davidson lost 57–59, and the Jayhawks went on to win the championship.[22]

text: Curry finished the season averaging 25.9 points, 2.9 assists, and 2.1 steals per game. He was named to the Associated Press' All-America Second Team on March 31, 2008.[23] He also was named the Most Outstanding Player of the Midwest Region of the 2008 NCAA Men's Division I Basketball Championship Tournament, becoming the first player from a team not making the Final Four to do so since Juwan Howard of Michigan in 1994.[24] Curry was nominated for an ESPY in the Breakthrough Player of the Year category.[25]

text: Junior season

text: After Davidson's loss against Kansas in the NCAA Regional Finals, Curry announced that he would return for his junior year.[20] He stated that he wanted to develop as a point guard, his likely position in the NBA. On November 18, 2008, Curry scored a career-high 44 points in Davidson's 82–78 loss to Oklahoma.[26] He extended a career-long streak by scoring at least 25 points for the seventh straight game.[26] On November 21, Curry registered a career-high 13 assists, to go along with 30 points, in Davidson's 97–70 win over Winthrop.[27] On November 25, against Loyola, Curry was held scoreless as Loyola constantly double-teamed him. It was Curry's only scoreless collegiate game and just his second without double-digit points. He finished 0-for-3 from the field as Davidson won the game 78–48.[28] In Davidson's next game (11 days later), Curry matched his career-high of 44 in a 72–67 win over North Carolina State.

text: Curry surpassed the 2000-point mark for his career on January 3, 2009, as he scored 21 points against Samford.[29] On February 14, 2009, Curry rolled his ankle in the second half of a win over Furman. The injury caused Curry to miss the February 18 game against The Citadel, the first and only game he missed in his college career.[30] On February 28, 2009, Curry became Davidson's all-time leading scorer with 34 points in a 99–56 win against Georgia Southern. That gave Curry 2,488 points for his career, surpassing previous school leader John Gerdy.[31] Davidson won the 2008–09 Southern Conference regular season championship for the south division, finishing 18–2 in the conference.[32][33]

text: In the 2009 Southern Conference Tournament, Davidson played Appalachian State in the quarterfinals and won 84–68. Curry scored 43 points, which is the third most points in Southern Conference tournament history.[34] In the semifinals, against the College of Charleston, Curry had 20 points but Davidson lost 52–59. Despite lobbying from Davidson head coach Bob McKillop and Charleston coach Bobby Cremins,[35] the Wildcats failed to get an NCAA tournament bid. Instead, they received the sixth seed in the 2009 NIT. Davidson played the third seed, South Carolina, on the road in the first round. Curry scored 32 points as the Wildcats beat the Gamecocks 70–63.[36][37] Davidson then fell 68–80 to the Saint Mary's Gaels in the second round. Curry registered 26 points, 9 rebounds, and 5 assists in what was his final game for the Wildcats.[38]

text: In his final season at Davidson, Curry averaged 28.6 points, 5.6 assists, and 2.5 steals. He was the NCAA scoring leader and was named a consensus first team All-American.[39] Curry opted out of his senior year at Davidson, but he stated that he still planned to earn his degree.[40]

text: College statistics

text:
Regular Season Averages

Season
Team
G
PTS
REB
AST
STL
BLK
FG%
3P%
FT%
MIN
TO

2006–07
Davidson Wildcats
34
21.5
4.6
2.8
1.8
0.2
.463
.408
.855
30.9
2.8

2007–08
Davidson Wildcats
36
25.9
4.6
2.9
2.1
0.4
.483
.439
.894
33.1
2.6

2008–09
Davidson Wildcats
34
28.6
4.4
5.6
2.5
0.2
.454
.387
.876
33.7
3.7

Career
104
25.3
4.5
3.7
2.1
0.3
.467
.412
.876
32.6
3.0

text: Professional career

text: Golden State Warriors (2009–present)

text: Early seasons (2009–11)

text: Curry was selected with the seventh overall pick in the 2009 NBA draft by the Golden State Warriors.[41] His rookie contract was worth $12.7 million over four years.[42] In his first career game, he scored 14 points and distributed 7 assists.[43] With final season averages of 17.5 points, 5.9 assists, and 1.9 steals per game,[41] he finished second in NBA Rookie of the Year voting to the Sacramento Kings' Tyreke Evans, and was named to the NBA All-Rookie First Team.[44]

text: At the 2011 NBA All-Star Weekend, Curry won the NBA All-Star Weekend Skills Challenge.[45] He finished the season with averages of 18.6 points, 5.8 assists, and 1.5 steals per game and shot a franchise- and league-best 93.4 percent from the free throw line.[41][46] He was also the recipient of the NBA Sportsmanship Award.[47]

text: Injury-riddled year (2011–12)

text: In May 2011, Curry had surgery on his right ankle to repair torn ligaments that were caused by multiple sprains from the previous.[50] The ankle healed in time for the start of the 2011–12 campaign, but he sprained it again during the preseason and on January 4 in a game against the San Antonio Spurs.[51][52][53] On February 22, he strained a tendon in his right foot in a game against the Phoenix Suns.[54] In April, he had another surgery.[55] In total, Curry appeared in only 26 regular season games and his scoring average dipped to 14.7 points per game.[41]

text: Getting back on track (2012–14)

text: Prior to the start of the 2012–13 season, Curry agreed to a four-year, $44 million rookie scale contract extension with the Warriors.[56] At the time, many basketball writers considered the move risky for Golden State because of Curry's injury history.[57] Over the course of the year, Curry and backcourt teammate Klay Thompson gained a reputation for their perimeter scoring, earning them the nickname "The Splash Brothers".[58] On February 27, Curry scored a career-high 54 points in a game against the New York Knicks, setting a franchise record for three-pointers made in a game with 11 and falling just one shy of tying the NBA record.[59][60] In the final game of the season, he set a new league record for three-pointers made in a single season.[61] His final averages were 22.9 points and 6.9 assists per game.[41] The Warriors finished the year with 47 wins, earning them the sixth seed in the Western Conference and a matchup with the Denver Nuggets in the first round of the playoffs.[62] Golden State defeated the Nuggets in six games to advance to the second round, where Curry scored 44 points in a Game 1 loss to the Spurs.[63] The Warriors eventually lost the series in six games.[64]

text: In December of the 2013–14 season, Curry eclipsed Jason Richardson as the franchise's leader in career three-pointers.[65] In February, he made his first All-Star appearance, starting for the West.[66] Behind averages of 24 points and 8.5 assists per game, he was selected to his first All-NBA Team.[41] Seeded sixth for the second consecutive year, the Warriors drew the Los Angeles Clippers to begin the postseason.[67] In Game 4, Curry scored 33 points, including a then playoff career-high seven three-pointers, in a winning effort.[68] Golden State went on to lose the series in seven games.[67]

text: NBA Championship and MVP (2014–15)

text: Prior to the start of the 2014–15 season, the Warriors hired former NBA player and general manager Steve Kerr as their new head coach.[70] Kerr implemented significant changes to Golden State's schemes, including playing at a faster pace and giving Curry more freedom to shoot, helping the team evolve into a title contender.[71] On February 4, Curry scored a season-high 51 points in a win over the Dallas Mavericks.[72] He was the leading vote-getter for the All-Star Game and won the Three-Point Contest on All-Star Saturday night.[73][74] On April 9, he broke his own league record for three-pointers made in a season during a game against the Portland Trail Blazers.[75] The Warriors finished the year with 67 wins and Curry was voted the NBA Most Valuable Player after posting averages of 23.8 points, 7.7 assists and 2 steals per game.[41] Over the course of the season, he sat out 17 fourth quarters due to Golden State's wide margins of victory.[76]

text: In Game 5 of the Conference Semifinals against the Memphis Grizzlies, Curry became the first player in league history to register six three-pointers and six steals in a game.[77] In Game 6, he made a playoff career-high eight three-pointers en route to a series-clinching victory.[78] In Game 3 of the Conference Finals against the Houston Rockets, he broke the NBA record for most three-pointers made in a single postseason.[79][80] The Warriors went on to defeat the Rockets to earn a Finals matchup with the Cleveland Cavaliers, where Curry struggled to start the series, converting on only 22 percent of his field goals in Game 2.[81] In Game 5, he scored 37 points,[82] and in Game 6, Golden State closed out the series to win their first championship in 40 years.[83] For the Finals, Curry averaged 26 points and 6.3 assists per game.[82]

text: Unanimous MVP (2015–16)

text: On October 27, 2015, Curry scored 40 points (including a career-high 24 points in the first quarter) in the Warriors' season opening win over the New Orleans Pelicans, the most points scored by a reigning MVP in an opener since 1972 when Kareem Abdul-Jabbar scored 41 for the Milwaukee Bucks.[84] In addition, Curry started his seventh straight season opener, joining Jeff Mullins, and Chris Mullin as the only Warriors' players since 1962 to do so.[84] Two games later on October 31, also against the Pelicans, Curry scored 53 points on 17-of-27 shooting to lead the Warriors to a 134–120 win. Curry became the first player since Michael Jordan in 1989–90 to score 118 points in the first three games of a season.[85] On November 24, he scored 24 points in a win over the Los Angeles Lakers, as the Warriors set the record for best start in NBA history at 16–0.[86] The Warriors improved to 24–0 on December 11 with a double overtime win over the Boston Celtics, before finally having their streak broken the following day against the Milwaukee Bucks.[87]

text: On December 28, Curry recorded his sixth career triple-double with 23 points, a career-high 14 rebounds and 10 assists in a 122–103 win over the Sacramento Kings. During the game against the Kings, Curry was guarded by his brother Seth for the first time in their NBA careers.[88] On January 22, he recorded his second triple-double of the season and seventh of his career with 39 points, 12 assists and 10 rebounds in a 122–110 win over the Indiana Pacers. He made eight three-pointers in the game to reach 200 for the season, becoming the first player in NBA history to make 200 three-pointers in four straight seasons.[89] On February 3, he made 11 three-pointers (including seven in the first quarter) and scored 51 points (including a career-high 36 points in the first half) to lead the Warriors past the Washington Wizards 134–121. His 51 points tied Gilbert Arenas and Michael Jordan for the Verizon Center record.[90] During the 2016 NBA All-Star Weekend, Curry competed in his third straight All-Star game for the West, and competed in the Three-Point Shootout, where he lost in the final round to teammate Klay Thompson. At 48–4, the Warriors entered the All-Star break with the best record through 52 games in NBA history, one win better than the 1995–96 Chicago Bulls and 1966–67 Philadelphia 76ers.[91]

text: On February 25, Curry made 10 three-pointers and scored 51 points to lead the Warriors past the Orlando Magic 130–114. Curry topped 50 points for the third time in 2015–16, the first player to do it that many times since LeBron James and Dwyane Wade did so in 2008–09. Curry also surpassed Kyle Korver's mark of 127 straight games with a three-pointer.[92] In the following game two days later, the Warriors defeated the Oklahoma City Thunder in overtime thanks to a Curry three-pointer with 0.6 seconds remaining. Curry finished with 46 points as his winning shot was his 12th three-pointer, tying the NBA single-game record (with Kobe Bryant and Donyell Marshall).[93] He also broke his own NBA record for threes in a season, leaving the new mark at 288.[94] On March 7, in a win over the Orlando Magic, Curry scored 41 points and became the first player in NBA history to make 300 three-pointers in a season.[95] On April 1, Curry missed a three-pointer to tie the game against the Boston Celtics with 5.3 seconds left, as the Warriors suffered their first home defeat since January 27, 2015, losing 109–106 to the Celtics to snap an NBA-record 54-game winning streak in the regular season at Oracle Arena.[96] On April 7, Curry scored 27 points to help the Warriors become the second team in NBA history to win 70 games in a season with a 112–101 win over the San Antonio Spurs.[97] In the Warriors' regular season finale on April 13 against the Memphis Grizzlies, Curry achieved another shooting milestone, becoming the first player to make 400 three-pointers in a season by knocking down 10 from long range on his way to 46 points and 402 total three-pointers. With a 125–104 win over the Grizzlies, the Warriors became the first 73-win team in NBA history, surpassing the 1995–96 Chicago Bulls' 72–10 record to finish the 2015–16 season with just nine losses.[98] With the conclusion of the regular season, Curry became the seventh player in NBA history to join the 50–40–90 club, representing the shooting percentages from the field (.504), beyond the arc (.454), and the free-throw line (.908).[99]

text: As the No. 1 seed in the Western Conference, the Warriors faced the eighth-seeded Rockets in the first round of the playoffs. In a Game 1 win, Curry scored 24 first-half points before an ankle injury ruled him out for the rest of the game.[100] He subsequently missed Games 2 and 3 of the series, which the Warriors split for a 2–1 lead.[101] Curry returned in Game 4, but sprained his right knee on the final play of the second quarter. He did not play in the second half, but the Warriors won 121–94.[102] He was diagnosed with a sprained right medial collateral ligament (MCL) and was ruled out for two weeks.[103] Without Curry, the Warriors defeated the Rockets in Game 5 to move on to the second round, where they faced the Portland Trail Blazers. Curry missed the first three games of the series, as the Warriors led 2–1 after Game 3. Curry returned to action in Game 4, coming off the bench to record 40 points, 9 rebounds and 8 assists in a 132–125 overtime win.[104] Seventeen of those points came in the extra period, an NBA record for points scored by an individual in overtime.[105] A day after returning from injury, Curry was named the league's first ever unanimous MVP, becoming the 11th player in NBA history to win the award in consecutive seasons and the first guard to do so since Steve Nash in 2004–05 and 2005–06.[106] Curry led the Warriors to a 4–1 victory over the Trail Blazers, as they moved on to the Western Conference Finals to face the Oklahoma City Thunder. After going down 3–1, he helped the Warriors rally to win the series 4–3 and advance to their second straight NBA Finals.[107] In the Finals, Curry's play relative to his regular season performance remained inconsistent, as it had been since he returned from injury against Portland.[108] Still, he broke Danny Green's record of 27 three-pointers made in a Finals.[109] However, the Warriors, despite being up 3–1 in the series, were defeated by the Cleveland Cavaliers in seven games and became the first team in NBA Finals history to lose a series after leading 3–1. In the Game 7 loss, Curry scored 17 points on 6-of-19 shooting.[110]

text: Second NBA Championship (2016–17)

text: After dropping their season opener at home to the San Antonio Spurs on October 25, the Warriors levelled their record at 1–1 with a 122–114 win over the New Orleans Pelicans three days later. Curry hit four three-pointers against the Pelicans to reach 1,600 for his career, becoming the 19th player to do so, as well as the fastest to reach the mark.[111] On November 4, 2016, Curry's NBA-record streak of 157 straight games with at least one made three-pointer was snapped during the Warriors' 117–97 loss to the Los Angeles Lakers after he went 0-of-10 from three-point range. He had hit a three-pointer in every regular-season game since November 11, 2014.[112] Three days later, he hit 13 three-pointers against New Orleans, setting an NBA record for most three-pointers made in a regular-season game. Curry shot 16-of-26 overall against the Pelicans for his first 40-point game of the season, finishing with 46 in a 116–106 win.[113] On December 11, Curry hit two three-pointers against the Minnesota Timberwolves to pass Steve Nash for 17th on the NBA's career three-pointers list.[114] With 14 points against the Dallas Mavericks on December 30, Curry (11,903) passed Purvis Short (11,894) for seventh place on the Warriors' all-time scoring list.[115] In a loss to the Memphis Grizzlies on January 6, 2017, Curry had his second 40-point game of the season and reached the 12,000-point threshold, becoming the seventh player in Warriors history to score 12,000 career points.[116] Three days later, Curry was named Western Conference Player of the Week for games played Monday, January 2 through Sunday, January 8.[117] It marked his eighth career Player of the Week honor, more than any other player in franchise history.[116] On January 19, Curry was named a starter on the Western Conference All-Star team for the 2017 NBA All-Star Game.[118] On January 28, he scored 25 of his 43 points in the third quarter of the Warriors' 144–98 win over the Los Angeles Clippers. He also had nine three-pointers against the Clippers.[119] On February 1, he hit 11 three-pointers and scored 39 points in a 126–111 win over the Charlotte Hornets.[120] The following day, he was named Co-Western Conference Player of the Month for January alongside teammate Kevin Durant[121] and hit his 200th three-pointer of the season in the Warriors' 133–120 win over the Clippers, making him the first player in NBA history to have 200 or more three-pointers in five consecutive seasons.[122] On March 5, he scored 31 points and moved into the top 10 on the NBA's career three-point list in a 112–105 win over the New York Knicks. Curry hit five three-pointers, passing Chauncey Billups for 10th place, and added eight rebounds and six assists.[123] On April 2, Curry hit nine three-pointers and scored 42 points in a 139–115 win over the Washington Wizards.[124] Three days later, he had another 42-point effort in a 120–111 win over the Phoenix Suns, helping the Warriors clinch the best record in the Western Conference for the third straight season.[125]

text: On April 24, Curry scored 37 points in Game 4 to help the Warriors sweep their first-round playoff series against the Portland Trail Blazers and advance to the conference semifinals.[126] On May 8, he scored 30 points in Game 4 to help the Warriors sweep their second-round playoff series against the Utah Jazz and advance to the Western Conference Finals.[127] In Game 1 of the Western Conference Finals against the Spurs on May 14, Curry scored 40 points and hit a tying 3-pointer with 1:48 remaining to help the Warriors rally from a 25-point deficit to win 113–111; the Warriors overcame their largest halftime deficit ever in the postseason at 20 points.[128] In a 120–108 Game 3 win, Curry scored 21 points and became the franchise leader in postseason points, passing Rick Barry. They went up 3–0 in the series, becoming the third team in NBA history to win their first 11 playoff games.[129] His 36 points in Game 4 led to a 129–115 victory that saw the Warriors advance to the NBA Finals for a third straight year while becoming the first team in league history to start the playoffs 12–0.[130] In Game 2 of the 2017 NBA Finals against the Cleveland Cavaliers, Curry recorded his first career postseason triple-double with 32 points, 11 assists and 10 rebounds to help the Warriors go up 2–0 in the series with a 132–113 win.[131] Curry helped the Warriors clinch the series and the championship in Game 5 with 34 points, 10 assists and six rebounds, as Golden State claimed its second title in three years.[132]

text: 2017–18 season

text: On July 1, 2017, Curry agreed to a five-year, $201 million extension with the Warriors, becoming the first NBA player to sign a supermax contract, the crossing of a $200 million threshold.[133] He officially signed the contract on July 25.[134] On October 21, in the Warriors' third game of the season, Curry was ejected after throwing his mouthpiece in the direction of a referee.[135] The Warriors lost the game 111–101 to the Memphis Grizzlies, and Curry received a $50,000 fine, the maximum amount the NBA can fine players for.[136]

text: National team career

text: Curry's first experience with the United States national team came at the 2007 FIBA Under-19 World Championship, where he helped Team USA capture the silver medal.[137] In 2010, he was selected to the senior squad, playing limited minutes at the 2010 FIBA World Championship (known later as FIBA Basketball World Cup) as the United States won the gold medal in an undefeated tournament.[138] In 2014, he took on a larger role with the team, helping them to another undefeated tournament at the 2014 World Cup and scoring 10 points in the final game.[139] On June 6, 2016, Curry withdrew from consideration for the 2016 Olympics in Brazil, citing ankle and knee ailments as the major reason behind the decision.[140]

text: Player profile

text: Standing at 6 feet 3 inches tall (1.91 m) and weighing 190 pounds (86 kg), Curry plays almost exclusively at the point guard position and has career averages of 22.4 points, 6.9 assists, and 1.8 steals per game. He has been selected to three All-NBA Teams and voted league MVP twice.[41] Since 2013, he has been ranked a top ten player in the NBA as part of ESPN's #NBArank project.[141][142][143]

text: Curry is considered to be an important leader within the Warriors organization; he is known for his humility and work ethic.[144][145] Curry is said to have played a significant role in the recruitment of former MVP Kevin Durant to the Warriors.[146]

text: Curry is known for his elite shooting ability; he is able to score in great volume from underneath the rim all the way to near half-court.[147] He is considered by many to be among the greatest scorers in NBA history.[148][149][150] [150][151] Using an unorthodox jump shot, he is able to get the ball out of his hands in under half a second by releasing it on the way up, adding extra arc to his shot and making it difficult to block.[152] In addition to his quick release, he puts extra pressure on defenses with his long range, leading the NBA in field goals made from beyond 28 feet in 2016.[153] As of April 2016, he ranks second in NBA history in career three-point field goal percentage and holds three of the top five seasons in terms of total three-pointers made.[154][155][156] He is also the fastest player in league history to make 1,000 career three-pointers, doing so in 88 fewer games than the previous record-holder.[157] In an article for FiveThirtyEight, Benjamin Morris emphasized Curry's importance in the NBA's increasing use of the three-point shot, writing, "Curry is perhaps the figurehead in the NBA's Three-Point Revolution."[158]

text: Some experts have commented that Curry's elite scoring ability creates a "gravity" effect, forcing opposing defenders to double-team him even when he doesn't have the ball, which creates mismatches that his teammates are able to exploit.[159][160]

text: Curry is also known as a clutch scorer, often shooting at his best in high-pressure moments, and taking game-winning shots.[161][162]

text: Curry is an exceptional free throw shooter, with a career free throw average of over 90% through the 2015–16 season.[163] He is currently the Warriors' all-time free-throw leader, and led the NBA in free throw shooting average in the 2014–15 and 2015–16 seasons.[164]

text: Though capable stealing the ball, having led the league in steals for the 2015–16 season, Curry is not considered to be an elite defender, and his teammates frequently take the more difficult defensive assignments.[159]

text: Personal life

text: On July 30, 2011, Curry married longtime girlfriend and Toronto native Ayesha Alexander in Charlotte.[7][8][165][166] Together, they have two daughters, Riley (b. 2012) and Ryan (b. 2015).[167][168] They currently reside in Alamo, California.[169] Curry's younger brother, Seth, is also a professional basketball player,[170] and his younger sister, Sydel, plays volleyball at Elon University.[171]

text: Curry has been outspoken about his Christian faith.[172][173] Curry spoke about his faith during his MVP speech by saying, "People should know who I represent and why I am who I am, and that's because of my Lord and Savior." He also said the reason that he pounds his chest and points up is that he has a "heart for God" and as a reminder that he plays for God.[174] On some of his "Curry One" basketball shoes, there is a lace loop scripted "4:13".[175] It is a reference to the Bible verse Philippians 4:13, which reads "I can do all things through Christ who strengthens me".[176][177] Curry has a tattoo of First Corinthians, 13:8 in Hebrew on his wrist ("Love never fails...").[178] Curry is also an investor in Active Faith, a Christian sports apparel brand.[179][180]

text: During the 1992 All-Star Weekend, Curry's father entrusted him to Biserka Petrović, mother of future Hall of Fame player Dražen Petrović, while Dell competed in the Three-Point Contest. Following the 2015 NBA Finals, Curry gave Biserka one of his Finals-worn jerseys, which will reportedly be added to the collection of the Dražen Petrović Memorial Center, a museum to the late player in the Croatian capital of Zagreb.[181]

text: On September 22, 2017, Curry tweeted that he did not want to visit the White House. The next day, President Donald Trump tweeted that since Curry was "hesitating" he was no longer welcome at the White House.[182]

text: Charity

text: In 2012, Curry started donating three insecticide-treated mosquito nets for every three-pointer he made to the United Nations Foundation's Nothing But Nets campaign to combat malaria. He was first introduced to the malaria cause by Davidson teammate Bryant Barr when they were both in school. Curry visited the White House in 2015 and delivered a five-minute speech to dignitaries as part of President Barack Obama's launch of his President's Malaria Initiative strategy for 2015–2020.[183][184]

text: In 2015, Curry wore sneakers that had Deah Shaddy Barakat's name on them (one of the victims of the 2015 Chapel Hill shooting). According to his sister Suzanne, Deah Barakat was known for his "love for basketball and anything Steph Curry."[185] Deah's number for his intramural basketball team at North Carolina State University was Curry's No. 30 and he posed for a photo that was similar to one that Curry did for GQ.[185] Curry said that Barakat's family "did a great job of reaching out to me and making me aware of the details of his life and personality [...] It was really kind of a cool deal to be able to use the platform yesterday to honor Deah and his family [...] I'm going to send them the shoes I wore yesterday. And hopefully they know that I've been thinking about them."[186][187][188] Also in 2015, after winning the MVP award following his impressive season, Curry donated his prize vehicle—a 2016 Kia Sorento—to the East Oakland Youth Development Center, a local non-profit organization located in the backyard of Oracle Arena.[189]

text: Celebrity

text: Curry is currently one of the most successful players in the NBA, and he has also become an international celebrity, on par with four-time MVP LeBron James.[190][191] His flashy play and penchant for coming up big in the clutch have made him a fan favorite, and his smaller physique is said to have made his success seem more attainable for younger fans of the NBA.[192][193] Curry's jersey was the top seller in the NBA for the 2015–16 and 2016–17 NBA seasons.[194] ESPN has ranked Curry among the most famous international athletes, while Forbes has ranked him among the world's highest-paid celebrities for his endorsements.[195][196]

text: Under Armour

text: Curry is widely known for his partnership with Under Armour, where he is considered to be the "face of their footwear line".[197] Originally signed to Nike, Curry joined with Under Armour in the 2013 offseason.[198] As Curry became MVP and one of the most popular athletes in the world, sales of his shoes have become a major factor for the brand, with stock prices rising and falling based on the success of the Curry shoe line.[199][200]

text: Golf

text: Curry is an avid golfer; he played golf in high school, and frequently plays golf with teammate Andre Iguodala.[201][202] A 5-handicap golfer, Curry participates in celebrity golf tournaments, and has played golf alongside Barack Obama.[203][204][205] In August 2017, Curry competed in the Ellie Mae Classic on an unrestricted sponsor exemption.[206] Though he missed the first cut, he scored 4-over-74 for both days he participated, surpassing most expectations for an amateur competing in the pro event.[207]

text: Steiner Sports

text: On September 20, 2017, it was announced that Curry had signed an exclusive autograph contract with Steiner Sports Memorabilia. The full product line will include: hand-signed official basketballs and jerseys, autographed photographs of epic moments, flashy framed signs and wall-art, game-used memorabilia, and limited-edition pieces.[208]

text: Rap music career

text: Briefly pursuing a career in rap music, Curry appeared in a rap song while attending Davidson College.[209][210] His style has been compared to the one of rapper Nas.[211] He has also been mentioned in numerous rap songs.[212]

text: NBA career statistics

text:
Legend

  GP
Games played
  GS
Games started
 MPG
Minutes per game

 FG%
Field goal percentage
 3P%
3-point field goal percentage
 FT%
Free throw percentage

 RPG
Rebounds per game
 APG
Assists per game
 SPG
Steals per game

 BPG
Blocks per game
 PPG
Points per game
 Bold
Career high

text:
†
Denotes seasons in which Curry won an NBA championship

*
Led the league

text: Regular season

text:
Year
Team
GP
GS
MPG
FG%
3P%
FT%
RPG
APG
SPG
BPG
PPG

2009–10
Golden State
80
77
36.2
.462
.437
.885
4.5
5.9
1.9
.2
17.5

2010–11
Golden State
74
74
33.6
.480
.442
.934*
3.9
5.8
1.5
.3
18.6

2011–12
Golden State
26
23
28.2
.490
.455
.809
3.4
5.3
1.5
.3
14.7

2012–13
Golden State
78
78
38.2
.451
.453
.900
4.0
6.9
1.6
.2
22.9

2013–14
Golden State
78
78
36.5
.471
.424
.885
4.3
8.5
1.6
.2
24.0

2014–15†
Golden State
80
80
32.7
.487
.443
.914*
4.3
7.7
2.0
.2
23.8

2015–16
Golden State
79
79
34.2
.504
.454
.908*
5.4
6.7
2.1*
.2
30.1*

2016–17†
Golden State
79
79
33.4
.468
.411
.898
4.5
6.6
1.8
.2
25.3

Career
574
568
34.7
.476
.438
.901
4.4
6.8
1.8
.2
22.8

All-Star
4
4
27.2
.437
.355
1.000
5.2
7.0
1.7
.0
16.0

text: Playoffs

text:
Year
Team
GP
GS
MPG
FG%
3P%
FT%
RPG
APG
SPG
BPG
PPG

2013
Golden State
12
12
41.4
.434
.396
.921
3.8
8.1
1.7
.2
23.4

2014
Golden State
7
7
42.3
.440
.386
.881
3.6
8.4
1.7
.1
23.0

2015†
Golden State
21
21
39.3
.456
.422
.835
5.0
6.4
1.9
.1
28.3

2016
Golden State
18
17
34.3
.438
.404
.916
5.5
5.2
1.4
.3
25.1

2017†
Golden State
17
17
35.3
.484
.419
.904
6.2
6.7
2.0
.2
28.1

Career
75
74
37.8
.453
.410
.885
5.1
6.6
1.7
.2
26.2

text: Awards and honors

text: NBA

text:
2× NBA champion: 2015, 2017
2× NBA Most Valuable Player: 2015, 2016
4× NBA All-Star: 2014, 2015, 2016, 2017
2× All-NBA First Team: 2015, 2016
2× All-NBA Second Team: 2014, 2017
NBA scoring leader: 2016[a]
5× NBA three-point field goals leader: 2013, 2014, 2015, 2016, 2017
3× NBA free-throw percentage leader: 2011, 2015, 2016
NBA steals leader: 2016
NBA Skills Challenge champion: 2011
NBA regular season record for made three-pointers (402)[214]
NBA record for most consecutive regular season games with a made three-pointer (157)[112]
NBA record for most consecutive playoff games with a made three-pointer (75)
NBA record for most three-pointers made in a single playoffs (98 – tied with Klay Thompson)[215]
NBA record for most three-pointers made in a game (13)
NBA record for most points scored in an overtime period (17)
Warriors franchise leader in three-point field goals made

tag: ul

text: College

text:
2× SoCon Player of the Year (2008–2009)
Consensus first-team All-American (2009)
Consensus second-team All-American (2008)
2× First-team All-SoCon (2008–2009)
2× SoCon Conference Tournament Most Outstanding Player (2007–2008)
3× SoCon first-team All-Tournament (2007–2009)
SoCon Freshman of the Year (2007)
SoCon All-Freshmen Team (2007)

text: NCAA records

text:
NCAA Division I scoring leader (2009)
Single-season NCAA 3-point field goals (162, 2007–08)
Single-season NCAA freshman 3-point field goals (122, 2006–07)

text: Davidson College records

text:
All-time leading scorer in Davidson College history (2,635)
All-time Davidson College leader in 3-point field-goals made (414)
All-time Davidson College leader in 30-point games (30)
All-time Davidson College leader in 40-point games (6)
Single-season Davidson College points (974, 2008–09)
Single-season Davidson College steals (86, 2008–09)
Single-season Davidson College freshman points (730, 2006–07)

text: Other

text:
Jefferson Award for Outstanding Public Service in Professional Sports (2011)[216]
ESPY Award for Best Male Athlete and Best NBA Player (2015)[217]
BET Award for Sportsman of the Year (2015)[218]
AP Male Athlete of the Year (2015)[219]
2016 ESPY Award Nominee for Best Record-Breaking Performance[220]


document_title: Blade Runner 2049

question_text: who composed the music for blade runner 2049

text: Blade Runner 2049

text: Plot[edit]

text: In 2049, bioengineered humans called replicants have been integrated into society, mostly as servants and slaves. A Nexus-9 replicant named "K" works for the LAPD as a "blade runner", an agent who hunts down and "retires" (eliminates) rogue replicants. He lives with a holographic girlfriend Joi, an artificial intelligence product of the Wallace Corporation, the current manufacturer of replicants.

text: K's investigation into a growing replicant freedom movement leads him to a farm, where he retires Sapper Morton, a rogue Nexus-8 replicant. K finds a box buried on the farm containing bodily remains; forensic analysis reveals they are the remains of a female Nexus-7 replicant who died during an emergency caesarean section, contradicting the belief that all replicants are sterile. Fearful that this knowledge could lead to war between humans and replicants, K's superior Lieutenant Joshi orders K to destroy the evidence and to retire the replicant child.

text: K visits the headquarters of Wallace Corporation, where the deceased female is identified from DNA archives as Rachael, an experimental replicant designed by the inventor of replicants, Dr. Tyrell. K learns of Rachael's romantic ties with former blade runner Rick Deckard. The ruthless CEO, Niander Wallace, wants to discover the secret to reproduction in replicants in order to expand interstellar colonization, and sends his replicant enforcer named Luv to steal Rachael's remains from LAPD headquarters and follow K to find Rachael's child.

text: Returning to Morton's farm, K finds Rachael's date of death, and recognizes it from one of his childhood memories about a wooden toy horse. Joi insists that this coincidence is evidence that K was born and not created as a replicant, which only have implanted memories. While searching through records from that year, he discovers twins born on that day with identical DNA except for the sex chromosome, but only the boy is listed as alive. K tracks the child to an orphanage in ruined San Diego, but discovers its records from the relevant year have been removed. K also recognizes the orphanage from his memories, and finds the wooden horse where he remembers hiding it.

text: K seeks out Dr. Ana Stelline, the leading designer of replicant memories, who confirms that his memory of the orphanage is real. This leads K to believe that he is Rachael's son. At LAPD headquarters, K fails a test for his replicant obedience, but claims that he failed the test because he was emotional from completing his mission to kill the child. Joshi gives him 48 hours before he is retired, pending the results of his next test. After learning what K has discovered, Joi insists that he is special and names him "Joe". Preparing to flee, K transfers Joi to a mobile emitter on her request. K has the wooden horse analyzed, which reveals traces of radiation that lead him to the ruins of Las Vegas. There he finds Deckard, who reveals that he is the father of Rachael's child and that he scrambled the birth records to protect the child's identity before leaving it in the custody of the replicant freedom movement.

text: After killing Joshi, Luv and her men track K to Deckard's location. They kidnap Deckard, destroy Joi and leave a wounded K to die. K is rescued by the replicant freedom movement and their leader Freysa informs him that Rachael's child is female. In order to ensure that Deckard does not lead Wallace to Rachael's daughter or to the replicant freedom movement, Freysa orders K to kill Deckard. Meanwhile, Deckard is brought before Wallace, who offers him a clone of Rachael as a reward for revealing what he knows. When Deckard refuses, Wallace orders Luv to escort Deckard off-world to be tortured for information.

text: K intercepts Deckard's captors and kills Luv but is mortally injured in the fight. K stages Deckard's death to protect him from both Wallace and the replicants. He then leads Deckard to Stelline's office, having deduced that she is his daughter (due to witnessing her crying when K visited her to have her look at his memories, which were in fact her own memories implemented into his subconscious). K and Deckard part ways, with K lamenting that his best memories belong to her. Deckard then cautiously enters the office and approaches Stelline. K lies down upon a set of steps and looks up into the sky, peacefully dying from his injuries as the snow falls down upon his face.[13]

text: Cast[edit]

text:
Ryan Gosling as K
Harrison Ford as Rick Deckard
Ana de Armas as Joi
Sylvia Hoeks as Luv
Robin Wright as Lt. Joshi
Mackenzie Davis as Mariette
Carla Juri as Dr. Ana Stelline
Lennie James as Mister Cotton
Dave Bautista as Sapper Morton
Jared Leto as Niander Wallace
David Dastmalchian as Coco
Barkhad Abdi as Doc Badger
Hiam Abbass as Freysa
Wood Harris as Nandez
Edward James Olmos as Gaff

text: Ana de Armas additionally portrays various holographic advertisements for the "Joi" line. Sallie Harmsen briefly portrays a replicant killed in front of Luv by Niander Wallace. Archival footage, audio and stills of Sean Young from the original film are used to represent her character of Rachael.[14] Additionally, Young's likeness was digitally superimposed onto stand-in actress Loren Peta, who was coached by Young on how to recreate her performance, in order to briefly portray Rachael in a hallucination had by Deckard, and to portray a replicant designed by Wallace to be physically identical to the original Rachael. The voice of the replicant was created with the use of a sound-alike actress to Young.[15]

text: Production[edit]

text: Development[edit]

text: On March 3, 2011, it was reported that Alcon Entertainment, a production company financed by Warner Bros., was "in final discussions to secure film, television and ancillary franchise rights to produce prequels and sequels to the iconic 1982 science-fiction thriller Blade Runner."[16] It was also reported that month that Christopher Nolan was desired as director.[17]

text: On August 18, 2011, it was announced that Ridley Scott would lead the production of a new Blade Runner film, although work would not begin until at least 2013. Producer Andrew A. Kosove suggested that Harrison Ford, who had starred in the original film, was unlikely to be involved.[18][19] Scott said that the film was "liable to be a sequel" but without the previous cast, and that he was close to finding a writer who "might be able to help [him] deliver".[20] On February 6, 2012, Kosove stated: "It is absolutely, patently false that there has been any discussion about Harrison Ford being in Blade Runner. To be clear, what we are trying to do with Ridley now is go through the painstaking process of trying to break the back of the story ... The casting of the movie could not be further from our minds at this moment."[21] When Scott was asked about the possibility of a sequel in October 2012, he said, "It's not a rumor—it's happening. With Harrison Ford? I don't know yet. Is he too old? Well, he was a Nexus-6 so we don't know how long he can live. And that's all I'm going to say at this stage."[22]

text: Scott said in November 2014 that he would not direct the film and would instead produce; that filming would begin in late 2014 or 2015, and that Ford's character would only appear in "the third act" of the sequel.[23] On February 26, 2015, the sequel was confirmed, with Denis Villeneuve as its director. Ford was confirmed to be returning as Deckard; so too Hampton Fancher, one of the two writers of the original film. The film was expected to enter production in mid-2016.[24]

text: Pre-production[edit]

text: On April 16, 2015, Ryan Gosling entered negotiations for a role.[25] Gosling confirmed in November 2015 that he had been cast, citing the involvement of Villeneuve and the cinematographer Roger Deakins as factors for his decision;[26] Deakins was hired as director of photography on May 20, 2016.[27] Principal photography was set to begin in July, with Warner Bros. distributing the film domestically, and Sony Pictures Releasing distributing internationally.[28] On February 18, 2016, an official release date of January 12, 2018 was announced.[29]

text: On March 31, 2016, Robin Wright entered final negotiations for a role in the film,[30] and on April 2, Dave Bautista posted a picture of himself with an origami unicorn, hinting at a role in the film.[31] Bautista and Wright were confirmed to be joining the cast on April 4, and a filming start date of July was established.[32] In late April 2016, the film's release date was moved up to October 6, 2017,[33] as well as Ana de Armas and Sylvia Hoeks being added to the cast.[34][35] Carla Juri was cast in May 2016.[36] In June, Mackenzie Davis and Barkhad Abdi were cast,[37][38] with David Dastmalchian, Hiam Abbass and Lennie James joining in July.[39][40] Jared Leto was cast in the film in August; Villeneuve had hoped to cast David Bowie, but Bowie died before production began.[41][42] In March 2017, Edward James Olmos confirmed he was in the film in a sequence playing his original character, Gaff.[43]

text: When interviewed at the 2015 Toronto International Film Festival, Villeneuve had noted that the plot would be ambiguous as to the question of Deckard being a human or a replicant.[44] In an interview, Villeneuve mentioned that the film is set a few decades after the original. It would again take place in Los Angeles, and the Earth's atmosphere would be different, he said: "The climate has gone berserk – the ocean, the rain, the snow is all toxic."[45] It was announced that Scott would be executive producer.[45]

text: Filming[edit]

text: Principal photography took place between July and November 2016, mainly at Korda Studios and Origo Studios in Budapest, Hungary.[46] For the casino scenes, the old Stock Exchange Palace in Budapest's Liberty Square (Budapest) served as a filming location.[47][48]

text: On August 25, 2016, a construction worker was killed while dismantling one of the film's sets at Origo Studios.[49]

text: Post-production[edit]

text: Warner Bros. announced in early October 2016 that the film would be titled Blade Runner 2049.[50] Editing commenced in December in Los Angeles, with the intention of having the film being rated R.[51] At the 2017 San Diego Comic-Con, Villeneuve said that the film would run for approximately two-and-a-half hours.[52]

text: Soundtrack[edit]

text:
Blade Runner 2049: Original Motion Picture Soundtrack

Soundtrack album by Hans Zimmer and Benjamin Wallfisch

Released
October 5, 2017 (2017-10-05)

Label
Epic

Producer

Hans Zimmer
Benjamin Wallfisch

Hans Zimmer chronology

Dunkirk: Original Motion Picture Soundtrack
(2017)
Blade Runner 2049: Original Motion Picture Soundtrack
(2017)

Benjamin Wallfisch chronology

It: Original Motion Picture Soundtrack
(2017)
Blade Runner 2049: Original Motion Picture Soundtrack
(2017)

text: Rapper-producer El-P was asked to compose music for the first Blade Runner 2049 trailer, but his score was "rejected or ignored".[53] Jóhann Jóhannsson, who had worked with Villeneuve on Prisoners, Sicario and Arrival, was initially announced as composer for the film.[54] However, Villeneuve and Jóhannsson decided to end the collaboration because Villeneuve considered the film "needed something different, and I needed to go back to something closer to Vangelis's soundtrack".[55] New composers Hans Zimmer and Benjamin Wallfisch joined in July 2017. In September, Jóhannsson's agent confirmed that he was no longer involved and that he was contractually forbidden from commenting on the situation.[56]

text: According to Epic Records, Zimmer and Wallfisch sought to continue the legacy of the original Blade Runner score by incorporating the analog synthesizer Yamaha CS-80. Zimmer has said of the soundtrack: "First of all, I realized that Denis [Villeneuve] is a director who has a vision; he has a voice. Remember, I've done a lot of movies with Ridley Scott. So, it was important that this was an autonomous piece of work. Let's just be honest. Ridley is a hard act to follow—as is Vangelis. While Ben [Wallfisch] was four-years-old, I had actually experienced all of this. We watched and literally, as we stopped watching, we decided on the palette. We decided this wasn't going to be an orchestral thing. The story spoke to us."[57]

text: The soundtrack album was released on October 5, 2017.[58][59] A physical two-disc CD version of the soundtrack by Epic Records will be released in the United States on October 27, 2017. There are two editions of the CD release and each edition is limited to 2049 copies. Both editions are hand numbered to 2049 but each contains different cover artwork to differentiate the two.[60]

text: On October 25, 2017, it was announced that a double-LP of the soundtrack album will be released on December 15, 2017.[61] This would be limited to 2,500 numbered copies, pressed on 180-gram "premium vinyl for audiophiles".[62]. Although the information about the release mentioned that the album would have 24 tracks, the advertised tracks on sites selling it shows only 20 tracks, with the tracks by Frank Sinatra and Elvis Presley being omitted from the LPs.

text: Track listing[edit]

text: All tracks written by Hans Zimmer and Benjamin Wallfisch, unless otherwise noted.

text:
[show]Track listing

No.
Title
Length

1.
"2049"
3:37

2.
"Sapper's Tree"
1:36

3.
"Flight to LAPD"
1:47

4.
"Summer Wind (*)" (performed by Frank Sinatra)
2:54

5.
"Rain"
2:26

6.
"Wallace"
5:23

7.
"Memory"
2:32

8.
"Mesa"
3:10

9.
"Orphanage"
1:13

10.
"Furnace"
3:41

11.
"Someone Lived This"
3:13

12.
"Joi"
3:51

13.
"Pilot"
2:17

14.
"Suspicious Minds (*)" (performed by Elvis Presley)
4:22

15.
"Can't Help Falling in Love (*)" (performed by Elvis Presley & the Jordanaires)
3:02

16.
"One for My Baby (and One More for the Road) (*)" (performed by Frank Sinatra)
4:24

17.
"Hijack"
5:32

18.
"That's Why We Believe"
3:36

19.
"Her Eyes Were Green"
6:17

20.
"Sea Wall"
9:52

21.
"All the Best Memories Are Hers"
3:22

22.
"Tears in the Rain" (originally by Vangelis)
2:10

23.
"Blade Runner"
10:05

24.
"Almost Human" (performed by Lauren Daigle)
3:22

text: Note: (*) indicates tracks that are not on the limited edition 2-LP vinyl release

text: Charts[edit]

text:
Chart (2017)
Peak
position

Belgian Albums (Ultratop Flanders)[63]
55

Belgian Albums (Ultratop Wallonia)[64]
69

Canadian Albums (Billboard)[65]
59

French Albums (SNEP)[66]
160

Spanish Albums (PROMUSICAE)[67]
63

Swiss Albums (Schweizer Hitparade)[68]
64

UK Albums (OCC)[69]
43

US Billboard 200[70]
53

US Soundtrack Albums (Billboard)[71]
2

text: Release[edit]

text: Blade Runner 2049 premiered on October 3, 2017 at the Dolby Theatre in Los Angeles, although following the 2017 Las Vegas Strip shooting, the red carpet events were cancelled prior to the screening.[72] It was the opening feature at the Festival du nouveau cinéma in Montreal the following day.[73] It also was premiered in Switzerland at the Zurich Film Festival on October 4, 2017.[74]

text: Sony Pictures Releasing, who had obtained rights to release the film in overseas territories,[75] was the first to release Blade Runner 2049 in theaters, first in France and Belgium on October 4, 2017,[74] then in other countries on the two following days.[74] The film was released by Warner Bros. domestically in the United States on October 6, 2017.[74] In addition to standard 2D and 3D formats, Blade Runner 2049 was released in IMAX theaters.[76] Also, Alcon Entertainment partnered with Oculus VR to create and distribute content for the film exclusively for its virtual reality format and launched it alongside the theatrical release of October 6, 2017.[77]

text: Due to the popularity and preference of IMAX in 2D (as opposed to 3D) among moviegoers in North America, the film was shown in IMAX theaters in only 2D domestically, but was screened in 3D formats internationally.[78]

text: The film is rated R by the Motion Picture Association of America for "violence, some sexuality, nudity, and language".[79] Leading into the film's release, Villeneuve told Europa Plus the theatrical version would be his only version, unlike the original, and any potential alternate versions would be made by someone else.[80]

text: Marketing[edit]

text: Warner Bros. and Columbia Pictures jointly released an announcement teaser on December 19, 2016.[81][82] A selection of excerpts (lasting 15 seconds) were released as a trailer tease on May 5, 2017 in the lead up to the full trailer, which was released on May 8, 2017.[83] A second trailer was released on July 17, 2017.[84]

text: Three short films have been made to explore events that occur in the 30-year period between Blade Runner and Blade Runner 2049:

text:
Blade Runner Black Out 2022, is an anime directed by Shinichirō Watanabe[85] wherein a rogue replicant named Iggy carries out an operation to detonate a nuclear warhead over Los Angeles, triggering an electromagnetic pulse that erases the Tyrell Corporation's database of registered replicants. Edward James Olmos reprises his role as Gaff in this film. Flying Lotus composed the soundtrack; Watanabe had used his music as a temp score in making a rough cut of the short.[86]
2036: Nexus Dawn is directed by Luke Scott, and follows Niander Wallace as he presents a new Nexus-9 replicant to lawmakers in an attempt to have a prohibition on replicants lifted. The short film also stars Benedict Wong as one of the lawmakers.[87][88]
2048: Nowhere to Run, also directed by Scott, follows Sapper Morton as he protects a mother and daughter from thugs.[89]

text: Spirit distiller Johnnie Walker made a limited edition Scotch Whisky called Black Label The Director's Cut, created by Master Blender Jim Beveridge in collaboration with Denis Villeneuve. The experimental blend comes in a futuristic bottle.[90]

text: Reception[edit]

text: Box office[edit]

text: As of November 7, 2017[update], Blade Runner 2049 had grossed $86.1 million in the United States and Canada, and $155 million in other territories, for a worldwide total of $241.1 million.[7]

text: In the United States and Canada, the film was released alongside The Mountain Between Us and My Little Pony: The Movie and was initially projected to gross $43–50 million from 4,058 theaters in its opening weekend. In September 2017, a survey from Fandango indicated that the film was one of the most anticipated releases of the season.[91] It made $4 million from Thursday night previews, including $800,000 from IMAX, but just $12.6 million on its first day, lowering weekend estimates to $32–35 million.[92] It made $11.4 million on Saturday and went on to debut to $32.8 million, well below initial projections but still finishing first at the box office and marking the biggest openings of Villeneuve and Gosling's careers. Deadline.com attributed the film's performance to the 163-minute runtime limiting the number of showtimes theaters could have, lack of appeal to mainstream audiences, and the marketing being vague and relying on nostalgia and established fanbase to carry it.[93] In its second weekend, the film dropped 52.7% to $15.5 million, finishing second behind newcomer Happy Death Day ($26 million)[94] and dropped another 54% to $7.2 million, finishing in 4th behind Boo 2! A Madea Halloween, Geostorm and Happy Death Day.[95]

text: Overseas, it was expected to debut to an additional $60 million, for a worldwide opening of around $100 million.[5] The debut ended up making $50.2 million internationally, finishing number one in 45 markets, for a global opening of $81.7 million. It made $8 million in the United Kingdom, $4.9 million in Russia, $1.8 million in Brazil and $3.6 million in Australia.[96]

text: Critical response[edit]

text: On review aggregator website Rotten Tomatoes, the film has an approval rating of 88% based on 322 reviews, with an average rating of 8.2/10. The site's critical consensus reads, "Visually stunning and narratively satisfying, Blade Runner 2049 deepens and expands its predecessor's story while standing as an impressive filmmaking achievement in its own right."[97] Metacritic, another review aggregator, assigned the film a weighted average score of 81 out of 100, based on 51 critics, indicating "universal acclaim".[98] Critics who saw the film before its release were asked by Villeneuve not to reveal certain characters and plot points.[99] Audiences polled by CinemaScore gave the film an average grade of "A−" on an A+ to F scale.[92]

text: Peter Travers of Rolling Stone gave the film three-and-a-half stars out of four, calling it an instant classic and writing: "For Blade Runner junkies like myself, who've mainlined five different versions of Ridley Scott's now iconic sci-fi film noir, [...] every minute of this mesmerizing mindbender is a visual feast to gorge on."[100] Peter Bradshaw of The Guardian gave the film five out of five stars, praising the production design, cinematography and score, and calling the CGI some of the best he had ever seen, writing: "It just has to be experienced on the biggest screen possible. Blade Runner 2049 is a narcotic spectacle of eerie and pitiless vastness, by turns satirical, tragic and romantic."[101] A. O. Scott of The New York Times described the film as "a carefully engineered narrative puzzle" that "tries both to honor the original and to slip free of its considerable shadow", and mostly succeeds. He found it, though, ultimately unequal to the original, describing Blade Runner 2049 as "a more docile, less rebellious 'improvement'". He also lauded Villeneuve's direction to which he attributed an "unnerving calm, as if he were exploring and trying to synthesize the human and mechanical sides of his own sensibility", as well as the cinematography and visual effects, which he describes as "zones of strangeness that occasionally rise to the level of sublimity".[102]

text: Eric Kohn of IndieWire gave the film an A- rating, saying: "Blade Runner 2049 may not reinvent the rules for blockbuster storytelling, but it manages to inject the form with the ambitions of high art, maintaining a thrilling intensity along the way."[12] Scott Collura of IGN awarded the film a score of 9.7 out of 10 and called it one of the best sequels ever, saying: "2049 plays off of the themes, plot, and characters of the 1982 movie without cannibalizing it or negating or retroactively ruining any of those elements. Rather, it organically expands and grows what came before. It's a deep, rich, smart film that's visually awesome and full of great sci-fi concepts, and one that was well worth the 35-year wait."[103] Mick LaSalle of San Francisco Chronicle rated the film 3.5 out of 4 stars, labeling the film as a "quiet, thoughtful science fiction" while drawing a similarity on its tone to Villeneuve's recent film, Arrival and praising the performances, particularly Gosling and Ford.[104]

text: Christopher Orr writing for The Atlantic found the sequel to be a faithful and worthwhile continuation of the original film stating: "This is in part because, like its predecessor, Blade Runner 2049 is a decidedly cool artifact, and not primarily an actors' film. Villeneuve's most important collaborators are the cinematographer Roger Deakins and the production designer Dennis Gassner, who between them conjure a future world breathtaking in its decrepitude, a gorgeous ruin. From the grayed-out countrysides over which the sky has closed like a lid; to the drizzly neon decadence of Los Angeles; to a San Diego refashioned as a waste dump worthy of WALL-E; to the Ozymandian wreckage of Las Vegas—the film is a splendor of the first order."[105] Graeme Virtue, in The Guardian stated that the film's "impact is never at the expense of visual comprehension. Characters may crash through walls but it is never unclear where those walls are in relation to the mayhem. These occasional jolts of intensity do not snap us out of the film's hypnotic spell, which remains persuasive enough to make the 163-minute duration feel like something to luxuriate in rather than an endurance test."[106]

text: John Serba in his review for Mlive also saw the film as a worthy successor and continuation of the original film and capable of standing next to other strong films in this genre such as the 1927 Metropolis, stating: "Blade Runner 2049 is a feast for the eyes and intellect, and for more patient audiences. It broods so intently and for so long, its occasional bursts of violent action break the film's exquisitely meditative constitution. A key atmospheric component is the thrumming synthesizer score, by Hans Zimmer and Benjamin Wallfisch, emulating Vangelis' masterful original."[107]

text: Michael O'Sullivan of The Washington Post put emphasis on the depiction of the villain-aspects of the industrialist played by Jared Leto stating: "In the world of 2049, there are now two kinds of replicants, in addition to people: the old, rogue versions, and a newer, more subservient variety designed by a godlike industrialist (Jared Leto portraying Wallace), who refers to his products, tellingly, as good and bad 'angels.'"[108]

text: Reviewing the film for Vice.com, Charlotte Gush was critical of the film's portrayal of women, who she said were "either prostitutes, holographic housewives" or victims dying brutal deaths. While acknowledging that "misogyny was part of the dystopia" in Scott's 1982 original, she stated that the sequel was "flat, emotionless, nonsensical, and eye-gougingly sexist".[109] Writing in one of the reviews of the film in The Guardian, Anna Smith expressed similar concerns, stating that "sexualised images of women dominate the stunning futuristic cityscapes" and questioned whether the film heavily catered toward heterosexual men.[110]

text: The Economist was more critical of the film, calling it a "bombastic sequel" and noting its "thin and threadbare" storyline, which was "riddled with holes", and the "little more than a cameo" appearance of Ford, despite his being used heavily in the film's promotion.[111] Kevin Maher of The Times gave it three of five stars, claiming "a more devastatingly beautiful blockbuster has yet to be made", but concluding that the plot was lackluster.[112]

text: Accolades[edit]

text:
List of awards and nominations

Award
Date of ceremony
Category
Recipient(s) and nominee(s)
Result
Ref.

Golden Trailer Awards
June 6, 2017
Best Teaser
Blade Runner 2049
Won
[113]

Hollywood Film Awards
November 5, 2017
Producer Award
Andrew A. Kosove, Broderick Johnson and Cynthia Sikes Yorkin
[114][115]

Production Design Award
Dennis Gassner

IndieWire Critic's Poll
December 19, 2016
Most Anticipated of 2017
Blade Runner 2049
[116][117]

text: Possible sequel[edit]

text: During an interview with Yahoo! during a promotional tour for the 2015 film The Martian, Ridley Scott revealed that, as with Prometheus, four sequels to Blade Runner 2049 have been considered.[118] In October 2017, Villeneuve said that he expected a third film would be made if 2049 was successful. Writer of both films Hampton Fancher also revealed that he was considering reviving an old story idea involving Deckard travelling to another country, and Ford said that he would be open to returning if he liked the script.[119] Jared Leto has also expressed interest in reprising his role as Niander Wallace.[120]