document_title: Nicky, Ricky, Dicky & Dawn

question_text: who plays mom on nicky ricky dicky and dawn

text: Nicky, Ricky, Dicky & Dawn

text: Plot[edit]

text: The series focuses on quadruplets Nicky, Ricky, Dicky, and Dawn Harper, 10-years-old at the start of the series,[1] who have nothing in common and often fight, but must work together to solve everyday situations.

text: Characters[edit]

text:
Tom (Brian Stepanek) is the father of the quadruplets. It is a running gag in the series that he cares more about his possessions than his children, but he loves his family and is a kid at heart.
Anne (Allison Munn) is the mother of the quadruplets who usually gets caught up in Tom's new obsessions.
Nicky (Aidan Gallagher) is the youngest of the quadruplets. He is shown to be quite comedic, quirky, and easily confused.
Ricky (Casey Simpson) is the second oldest of the quadruplets. He is the smart one of the group, always seen carrying a book or doing his homework. He is also a neat freak and a bit of a goody two-shoes, though he occasionally tries to prove to Dawn and his brothers that he can bend rules as well.
Dicky (Mace Coronel) is the easy-going quadruplet who cares a great deal about his appearance. He always takes the easy way out.
Dawn (Lizzy Greene) is the oldest of the quadruplets. Although she's always seen bothering her brothers, she does care about them deeply. There is a consistent rivalry for the leader spot of the quads between her and Ricky.
Josie (Gabrielle Elyse) is a worker at Tom's sporting shop and babysitter for Nicky, Ricky, Dicky and Dawn. She only appears in the first season.
Mae (Kyla-Drew Simmons) is the quads' friend and Dawn's best friend. She once called herself "the fifth quad". In the first two seasons, she is a recurring character, but is promoted to a main character in the third season.

text: Production[edit]

text: The series was originally picked up for 13 episodes on March 13, 2014, but was later increased to 20 episodes.[2] The series premiered on September 13, 2014. On November 18, 2014, the series was renewed for a second season.[3] The second season premiered on May 23, 2015. On February 9, 2016, Nickelodeon renewed Nicky, Ricky, Dicky & Dawn for a third season of 14 episodes. It was also confirmed that Matt Fleckenstein would step down as show runner.[4] Actress Lizzy Greene announced on her Twitter account that production for season three started on April 26, 2016.[5] The third season premiered on January 7, 2017. The series was renewed for a fourth season and had its episode order for the third season increased from 14 to 24 by Nickelodeon on March 20, 2017.[6] On October 4, 2017, it was announced that Mace Coronel would be leaving both Nicky, Ricky, Dicky & Dawn and Nickelodeon.[7]

text: Episodes[edit]

text:
Season
Episodes
Originally aired

First aired
Last aired

1
20
September 13, 2014 (2014-09-13)
March 24, 2015 (2015-03-24)

2
25
May 23, 2015 (2015-05-23)
August 6, 2016 (2016-08-06)

3
23
January 7, 2017 (2017-01-07)
August 5, 2017 (2017-08-05)[8]

text: Ratings[edit]

text:
Season
Episodes
First aired
Last aired
Avg. viewers
(millions)

Date
Viewers
(millions)
Date
Viewers
(millions)

1
20
September 13, 2014 (2014-09-13)
1.60[9]
March 24, 2015 (2015-03-24)
1.75[10]
1.75

2
25
May 23, 2015 (2015-05-23)
1.11[11]
August 6, 2016 (2016-08-06)
1.31[12]
1.46

3
23
January 7, 2017 (2017-01-07)
1.58[13]
TBA
TBD
1.47

text: Awards and nominations[edit]

text: This section does not cite any sources. Please help improve this section by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. (March 2017) (Learn how and when to remove this template message)

text:
Year
Award
Category
Result
Refs

2015
Nickelodeon Kids' Choice Awards
Favorite TV Show
Nominated

2017
Nickelodeon Kids' Choice Awards
Favorite TV Show – Kids' Show
Nominated


document_title: Ampicillin

question_text: which cellular component in the bacterial cell is targeted by ampicillin

root

text: Ampicillin

text: Medical uses[edit]

text: Diseases[edit]

text:
Bacterial meningitis; an aminoglycoside can be added to increase efficacy against Gram-negative meningitis bacteria[8]
Endocarditis by enterococcal strains (off-label use); often given with an aminoglycoside[9]
Gastrointestinal infections caused by contaminated water or food (for example, by Salmonella)[8]
Genito-urinary tract infections[8]
Healthcare-associated infections that are related to infections from using urinary catheters and that are unresponsive to other medications and unresponsive to other medications[10]
Otitis media (middle ear infection)
Prophylaxis (i.e. to prevent infection) in those who previously had rheumatic heart disease or are undergoing dental procedures, vaginal hysterectomies, or C-sections.[2] It is also used in pregnant woman who are carriers of group B streptococci to prevent early-onset neonatal infections.[2]
Respiratory infections, including bronchitis, pharyngitis[8]
Sinusitis
Sepsis[11]
Whooping cough, to prevent and treat secondary infections[2]

tag: ul

text: Ampicillin used to also be used to treat gonorrhea, but there are now too many strains resistant to penicillins.[2]

tag: p

text: Bacteria[edit]

text: Ampicillin is used to treat infections by many Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. It was the first "broad spectrum" penicillin with activity against Gram-positive bacteria, including Streptococcus pneumoniae, Streptococcus pyogenes, some isolates of Staphylococcus aureus (but not penicillin-resistant or methicillin-resistant strains), Trueperella, and some Enterococcus. It is one of the few antibiotics that works against multidrug resistant Enterococcus faecalis and E. faecium.[12] Activity against Gram-negative bacteria includes Neisseria meningitidis, some Haemophilus influenzae, and some of the Enterobacteriaceae (though most Enterobacteriaceae and Pseudomonas are resistant).[12][13] Its spectrum of activity is enhanced by co-administration of sulbactam, a drug that inhibits beta lactamase, an enzyme produced by bacteria to inactivate ampicillin and related antibiotics.[14][15] It is sometimes used in combination with other antibiotics that have different mechanisms of action, like vancomycin, linezolid, daptomycin, and tigecycline.[16][17]

text: Available forms[edit]

text: Ampicillin can be administered by mouth, an intramuscular injection (shot) or by intravenous infusion.[2] The oral form, available as capsules or oral suspensions, is not given as an initial treatment for severe infections, but rather as a follow-up to an IM or IV injection.[2] For IV and IM injections, ampicillin is kept as a powder that must be reconstituted.[18]

text: IV injections must be given slowly, as rapid IV injections can lead to convulsive seizures.[2][19]

text: Specific populations[edit]

text: Ampicillin is one of the most commonly used drugs in pregnancy,[20] and has been found to be generally harmless both by the Food and Drug Administration in the U.S. (which classified it as category B) and the Therapeutic Goods Administration in Australia (which classified it as category A).[2][21] It is the drug of choice for treating Listeria monocytogenes in pregnant women, either alone or combined with an aminoglycoside.[2] Pregnancy increases the clearance of ampicillin by up to 50%, and a higher dose is thus needed to reach therapeutic levels.[20][22]

text: Ampicillin crosses the placenta and remains in the amniotic fluid at 50–100% of the concentration in maternal plasma; this can lead to high concentrations of ampicillin in the newborn.[22]

text: While lactating mothers secrete some ampicillin into their breast milk, the amount is minimal.[2][20]

text: In newborns, ampicillin has a longer half-life and lower plasma protein binding.[23] The clearance by the kidneys is lower, as kidney function has not fully developed.[2]

text: Contraindications[edit]

text: Ampicillin is contraindicated in those with a hypersensitivity to penicillins, as they can cause fatal anaphylactic reactions. Hypersensitivity reactions can include frequent skin rashes and hives, exfoliative dermatitis, erythema multiforme, and a temporary decrease in both red and white blood cells.[8]

text: Ampicillin is not recommended in people with concurrent mononucleosis, as over 40% of patients develop a skin rash.[8]

text: Side effects[edit]

text: Ampicillin is comparatively less toxic than other antibiotics, and side effects are more likely in those who are sensitive to penicillins and those with a history of asthma or allergies.[8] In very rare cases, it causes severe side effects such as angioedema, anaphylaxis, and C. difficile infection (that can range from mild diarrhea to serious pseudomembranous colitis).[8] Some develop black "furry" tongue. Serious adverse effects also include seizures and serum sickness. The most common side effects, experienced by about 10% of users are diarrhea and rash. Less common side effects can be nausea, vomiting, itching, and blood dyscrasias. The gastrointestinal effects, such as hairy tongue, nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, and colitis, are more common with the oral form of penicillin.[8] Other conditions may develop up several weeks after treatment.[2]

text: Overdose[edit]

text: Ampicillin overdose can cause behavioral changes, confusion, blackouts, and convulsions, as well as neuromuscular hypersensitivity, electrolyte imbalance, and renal failure.[8]

text: Interactions[edit]

text: Ampicillin reacts with probenecid and methotrexate to decrease renal excretion. Large doses of ampicillin can increase the risk of bleeding with concurrent use of warfarin and other oral anticoagulants, possibly by inhibiting platelet aggregation.[24] Ampicillin has been said to make oral contraceptives less effective,[2] but this has been disputed.[25] It can be made less effective by other antibiotic, such as chloramphenicol, erythromycin, cephalosporins, and tetracyclines.[18] For example, tetracyclines inhibit protein synthesis in bacteria, reducing the target against which ampicillin acts.[26] If given at the same time as aminoglycosides, it can bind to it and inactivate it. When administered separately, aminoglycosides and ampicillin can potentiate each other instead.[2][27]

text: Ampicillin causes skin rashes more often when given with allopurinol.[8]

text: Both the liver cholera vaccine and live typhoid vaccine can be made ineffective if given with ampicillin. Ampicillin is normally used to treat cholera and typhoid fever, lowering the immunological response that the body has to mount.[28][29][30]

text: Pharmacology[edit]

text: Mechanism of action[edit]

text: Ampicillin is in the penicillin group of beta-lactam antibiotics and is part of the aminopenicillin family. It is roughly equivalent to amoxicillin in terms of activity.[2] Ampicillin is able to penetrate Gram-positive and some Gram-negative bacteria. It differs from penicillin G, or benzylpenicillin, only by the presence of an amino group. That amino group, present on both ampicillin and amoxicillin, helps them enter the pores of the outer membrane of Gram-negative bacteria, such as E. coli, Proteus mirabilis, Salmonella enterica, and Shigella).[14][31]

text: Ampicillin acts as an irreversible inhibitor of the enzyme transpeptidase, which is needed by bacteria to make the cell wall.[2] It inhibits the third and final stage of bacterial cell wall synthesis in binary fission, which ultimately leads to cell lysis; therefore, ampicillin is usually bacteriolytic.[2][32]

text: Pharmacokinetics[edit]

text: Ampicillin is well-absorbed from the GI tract (though food reduces its absorption), and reaches peak concentrations in one to two hours.The bioavailability is around 62% for parenteral routes. Unlike other penicillins, which usually have bind 60–90% to plasma proteins, ampicillin binds to only 15–20%.[2][23]

text: Ampicillin is distributed through most tissues, though it is concentrated in the liver and kidneys. It can also be found in the cerebrospinal fluid when the meninges become inflamed (such as, for example, meningitis).[23] Some ampicillin is metabolized by hydrolyzing the beta-lactam ring to penicilloic acid,[2] though most of it is excreted unchanged.[8] In the kidneys, it is filtered out mostly by tubular secretion; some also undergoes glomerular filtration, and the rest is excreted in the feces and bile.

text: Hetacillin and pivampicillin are ampicillin esters that have been developed to increase bioavailability.[33]

text: History[edit]

text: Ampicillin has been used extensively to treat bacterial infections since 1961.[34] Until the introduction of ampicillin by the British company Beecham, penicillin therapies had only been effective against Gram-positive organisms such as staphylococci and streptococci.[32] Ampicillin (originally branded as "Penbritin:) also demonstrated activity against Gram-negative organisms such as H. influenzae, coliforms, and Proteus spp.[34]

text: Cost[edit]

text: As of 2014[update], ampicillin's wholesale cost is between US$0.13 and 1.20 for a vial of the intravenous solution.[7] In the United States, it is available as a generic medication: 10 days of treatment cost about $13.[2]

text: Veterinary use[edit]

text: In veterinary medicine, ampicillin is used in cats, dogs, and farm animals to treat:[11]

text:
Anal gland infections
Cutaneous infections, such as abscesses, cellulitis, and pustular dermatitis
E. coli and Salmonella infections in cattle, sheep, and goats (oral form). Ampicillin use for this purpose had declined as bacterial resistance has increased.[33]
Mastitis in sows[35]
Mixed aerobic–anaerobic infections, such as from cat bites[33]
Multidrug-resistant Enterococcus faecalis and E. faecium[12]
Prophylactic use in poultry against Salmonella and sepsis from E. coli or Staphylococcus aureus[33]
Respiratory tract infections, including tonsilitis, bovine respiratory disease, shipping fever, bronchopneumonia, and calf and bovine pneumonia
Urinary tract infections in dogs

text: Horses are generally not treated with ampicillin, as they have low bioavailability of beta-lactams.[12]

text: The half-life in animals is around that same of that in humans (just over an hour). Oral absorption is less than 50% in cats and dogs, and less than 4% in horses.[13]


document_title: North and South (miniseries)

question_text: who played billy hazard in north and south

text: North and South (miniseries)

text: Cast[edit]

text: The initial 1985 miniseries cast Patrick Swayze as Orry Main and James Read as George Hazard with Lesley-Anne Down as Orry's love interest Madeline and Wendy Kilbourne as George's future wife Constance.[8] Kirstie Alley played George's outspoken abolitionist sister Virgilia, with Genie Francis as Orry's "good" sister Brett and Terri Garber as his selfish and wicked sister Ashton, as well as Philip Casnoff as Elkanah Bent, George and Orry's nemesis.[8] All of these actors returned for the 1986 sequel, joined by Parker Stevenson as Billy Hazard, George's brother and Brett's husband.[9]

text: North and South (1985) also featured many well-known actors as guest stars, including Elizabeth Taylor as bordello proprietor Madam Conti, David Carradine as the sadistic Justin LaMotte, Hal Holbrook as Abraham Lincoln, Gene Kelly as Bent's father Senator Charles Edwards, Robert Mitchum as Colonel Patrick Flynn, M.D., Johnny Cash as abolitionist John Brown, Jean Simmons as Orry's mother Clarissa Main, Mitchell Ryan as Orry's father Tillet Main, John Anderson as George's father William Hazard, Jonathan Frakes as George's older brother Stanley Hazard, Inga Swenson as George's mother Maude Hazard, Robert Guillaume as abolitionist Frederick Douglass, Morgan Fairchild as Burdetta Halloran, David Ogden Stiers as Congressman Sam Greene, and Olivia Cole as Madeline's devoted but doomed servant Maum Sally.[8] John Jakes' wife Rachel also made an appearance in Episode 6 as Lincoln's wife Mary. North and South: Book II (1986) saw the return of Carradine as LaMotte, Holbrook as Lincoln, and Stiers as Congressman Greene, as well as new guests Lloyd Bridges as Jefferson Davis, Anthony Zerbe as Ulysses S. Grant, Nancy Marchand as Dorothea Dix, James Stewart as Miles Colbert, Wayne Newton as Captain Thomas Turner, and William Schallert as Robert E. Lee,[9] with Linda Evans as Rose Sinclair and Olivia de Havilland as Mrs. Neal. 1994's Heaven and Hell featured Peter O'Toole as "louche actor" Sam Trump[10] and Billy Dee Williams as Francis Cardozo.

text: Filming of the miniseries resulted in four marriages among the cast and crew. Read and Kilbourne, who played opposite each other, married in 1988 and now have two children. Frakes and Francis, who had previously played opposite each other on the failed NBC soap Bare Essence, also married in 1988. Lesley-Anne Down married assistant cameraman Don E. FauntLeRoy in 1986. They met during filming of Book I when both were married to other people, and eventually obtained divorces.[11] Garber married screenwriter Chris Hager, whom she met in 1985 when he worked as a grip on the set of North and South: Book II. They had a daughter, Molly, in 1986, and later divorced.[12]

text:
Character
North and South
1985
North and South: Book II
1986
Heaven and Hell:
North and South Book III
1994

Orry Main
Patrick Swayze
Patrick Swayze (archive/uncredited)

George Hazard
James Read

Madeline Fabray
Lesley-Anne Down

Constance Flynn
Wendy Kilbourne

Virgilia Hazard
Kirstie Alley
–

Ashton Main
   Young Ashton
   Young Ashton
Terri Garber
Temi Epstein (Ep. 1)
Stephanie Jolluck (Ep. 2)
Terri Garber
Terri Garber

Brett Main
   Young Brett
   Young Brett
Genie Francis
Nikki Creswell (Ep. 1)
Melissa Manley (Ep. 2)
Genie Francis
Genie Francis

Elkanah Bent
Philip Casnoff

Charles Main
Lewis Smith
Kyle Chandler

Billy Hazard
   Young Billy
John Stockwell
Cary Guffey (Ep. 1)
Parker Stevenson

Stanley Hazard
Jonathan Frakes

Isabel Truscott Hazard
Wendy Fulton
Mary Crosby
Deborah Rush

Justin LaMotte
David Carradine
–

Clarissa Gault Main
Jean Simmons
–

Maude Hazard
Inga Swenson
–

Burdetta Halloran
Morgan Fairchild
–

Congressman Sam Greene
David Ogden Stiers
–

James Huntoon
Jim Metzler
–

Salem Jones
Tony Frank
–

Priam
David Harris
–

Semiramis
Erica Gimpel
–

Cuffey
Forest Whitaker
–

Ned Fisk
Andrew Stahl
–

Maum Sally
Olivia Cole

Madam Conti
Elizabeth Taylor

Garrison Grady
Georg Stanford Brown

Tillet Main
Mitchell Ryan

William Hazard
John Anderson

Ironworker
Ray Spruell

Barman
Ronnie Stutes

Augusta Barclay

Kate McNeil

Rafe Baudeen

Lee Horsley

Miles Colbert

James Stewart

Mrs. Neal

Olivia de Havilland

Rose Sinclair

Linda Evans

Captain Thomas Turner

Wayne Newton

Ezra

Beau Billingslea

Lt. Rudy Bodford

Michael Dudikoff

Lt. Stephen Kent

Whip Hubley

Hope Hazard
uncredited
Jennifer and Michele Steffin
Mary Elizabeth McCae

Sam Trump

Peter O'Toole

Willa Parker

Rya Kihlstedt

Prudence Chaffee

Mariette Hartley

Adolphus

Rip Torn

Cooper Main

Robert Wagner

Judith Stafford Main

Cathy Lee Crosby

Will Fenway

Tom Noonan

Gus Main

uncredited
Cameron Finley

Scar

Gregory Zaragoza

Running Wolf

Ted Thin Elk

Gettys LaMotte

Cliff De Young

Jack Quinlan

Woody Watson

Isaac

Stan Shaw

Jane

Sharon Washington

Historical figures

Person
Book I
1985
Book II
1986
Book III
1994

Abraham Lincoln
Hal Holbrook

Mary Todd Lincoln
Rachel Jakes (uncredited)

Ulysses S. Grant
Mark Moses
Anthony Zerbe
Rutherford Cravens

Frederick Douglass
Robert Guillaume

John Brown
Johnny Cash

George B. McClellan
Chris Douridas

George Pickett
Cody W. Hampton

Thomas "Stonewall" Jackson
William Preston Daly

Hiram Berdan

Kurtwood Smith

Jefferson Davis

Lloyd Bridges

Robert E. Lee

William Schallert

Dorothea Dix

Nancy Marchand

Francis Cardozo

Billy Dee Williams

Major Anderson
James Rebhorn

tag: table

text: Crew[edit]

text: North and South (1985) was directed by Richard T. Heffron, from a script adaptation by Patricia Green, Douglas Heyes, Paul F. Edwards, and Kathleen A. Shelley. It was produced by David L. Wolper, Paul Freeman, Rob Harland, and Chuck McLain, with music by Bill Conti and Stevan Larner as cinematographer. Wolper also produced 1986's North and South: Book II with his son Mark Wolper, as well as Stephanie Austin and Robert Papazian. Conti returned as composer, with Kevin Connor directing, Jacques R. Marquette as cinematographer, and a script by Heyes and Richard Fielder. Heaven and Hell: North and South Book III (1994) was directed by Larry Peerce from a script by Suzanne Clauser. Hal Galli produced the miniseries, with music by David Bell and Don E. FauntLeRoy as cinematographer.

text: Plot[edit]

text: Book I: North and South[edit]

text:
Episode 1 (summer 1842 - summer 1844) - Young Southerner Orry Main, the firstborn son of a wealthy South Carolina plantation owner, decides to go to West Point. On his way to the train station, he rescues and falls in love with the beautiful French-Creole southern belle from New Orleans, Madeline Fabray. In New York City, Orry meets Northerner George Hazard, the second son of a wealthy Pennsylvania steel-factory owner, who is also on his way to West Point. They quickly become close friends. At the Academy, they meet classmates George Pickett, George McClellan, Thomas "Stonewall" Jackson and a senior student named Ulysses Grant. They also meet the amoral egomaniac Elkanah Bent, a fellow cadet from Georgia. Bent is a handsome, smooth-talking man who hides his evil, twisted nature beneath his charm and good looks. He takes an instant dislike to Orry and George and uses his status as their drillmaster to constantly harass them. Orry constantly writes letters to Madeline, although it seems that she has not been responding to him. After two years of training, the men return home for a summer leave. George's sister, Virgilia, is a passionate abolitionist and immediately takes a dislike to Orry when she finds out that his family keeps slaves. While at home, Orry is devastated to learn that Madeline is getting married to his cruel neighbor, plantation owner Justin LaMotte. Orry has an argument with his father over the hiring of the brutal and sadistic Salem Jones as the plantation's overseer. Orry stops Jones from using a bullwhip to "punish" one of the slaves, sparking a tense relationship between the two. After Orry witnesses Madeline's marriage, they privately speak to each other afterwards and find out that Madeline's father has been hiding Orry's letters to ensure that she would marry Justin. That night, Justin hits and rapes Madeline, leaving her broken.
Episode 2 (autumn 1844 - spring 1848) - Bent continues his cruelty towards George, Orry, and their friends. The men, with some help from other cadets, arrange for Bent to be caught with a prostitute and he is forced to leave the Academy. When Bent learns that Orry and George were involved, he vows revenge. George and Orry graduate from West Point. They leave to fight in the Mexican War. During the Battle of Churubusco, Bent, who has blackmailed his father in order to obtain a superior rank, orders George and Orry to lead a suicidal charge against the Mexican forces. Both men survive, but Orry is shot in his left leg and permanently crippled. Meanwhile, George meets Constance Flynn, the Irish Catholic daughter of an Army surgeon, and falls in love. They plan to marry. Orry drowns his sorrows in alcoholism. With the Mexican War over, George quits the army, finds Bent, and beats him, threatening to kill him if he ever tries to harm him or Orry again. Traumatized by his injuries, Orry temporarily becomes a recluse. When Madeline helps Priam, one of Orry's slaves, escape, one of the other slaves gets whipped for helping Priam.
Episode 3 (spring 1848 - summer 1854) George gets married to Constance and Orry is his best man. Orry and Madeline become secret lovers. A terrible fire erupts at Hazard Iron and kills many of the workers due to George's older brother, Stanley, making a greedy decision. All authority over Hazard Iron is handed to George, greatly displeasing Stanley and his wife, Isabel. Orry's father dies, leaving Orry to inherit the family plantation. His first act is to fire the brutal Salem Jones as overseer. Jones vows revenge. Orry's cousin Charles, who does not have good relations with the Main family, is challenged to a pistol duel in a dispute over an engaged woman. Orry, as Charles' second, begrudgingly helps Charles to survive the duel and they become close. The Mains visit the Hazards in Pennsylvania. Billy and Charles plan to attend West Point together, just as Orry and George did. Orry's sister Ashton purposely courts George's younger brother Billy, whom Brett has come to fancy. Orry and George begin a partnership cotton mill at Orry's plantation in South Carolina; they do so on George's condition that Orry not use slave labor in the mill. Virgilia is furious that her family has allowed slave owners into their house and tries to humiliate them, angering the rest of her family.
Episode 4 (summer 1854 - autumn 1856) - The Hazards visit the Mains in South Carolina. Billy discovers how selfish and seductive Ashton can be and falls in love with Ashton's younger and kinder sister, Brett, much to Ashton's jealousy. George's sister Virgilia enters a passionate relationship with Grady, the proud and aggressive coachman of James Huntoon, an ambitious but easily manipulated South Carolina politician, who is also a strong suitor of Ashton, and helps Grady escape from slavery. Ashton, however, becomes aware of Virgilia's involvement and informs James, as well as announcing it in the Hazard family's presence. On his deathbed, Madeline's father tells her that her maternal great-grandmother was black. Billy and Charles graduate from West Point, and both families attend the graduation. Ashton sleeps with many of Billy's friends, still bitter over his rejection and attraction to Brett, which Charles is furious to discover, but keeps secret for the family's sake. Ashton gets pregnant and begs Madeline for help, who takes her to a local midwife to perform a secret abortion. When Madeline lies to Justin about where she was when she was away helping Ashton, he beats Madeline, locks her in a spare bedroom to starve, and kills Maum Sally for trying to help Madeline escape.
Episode 5 (spring 1857 - November 1860) - Madeline is drugged by Justin into becoming robotic and submissive and disappears from society, even forgetting her love for Orry. Ashton marries James Huntoon, though she doesn't plan on being a committed wife. Elkanah Bent befriends James Huntoon, and subtly interrogates him at a brothel about the people in his wedding picture, including Orry, Ashton, and Madeline. Bent recognizes the resemblance between Madeline and the painting of a former popular prostitute that worked there. Orry visits George, but Virgilia's views cause a serious argument to ensue over the issue of slavery. Orry does not want Brett to marry Billy because of the growing tensions between the North and South. Virgilia and Grady both join abolitionist leader John Brown. In 1859, Brown makes his famous raid on Harper's Ferry, Virginia, to arm and free the slaves there. The U.S. Army stops the raid, Virgilia's husband Grady and Priam are killed, and Brown is captured. Virgilia escapes, but is more bitter than ever towards Southerners. Abraham Lincoln is elected President; several Southern states make plans to secede from the U.S. and establish themselves as a separate nation.
Episode 6 (November 6, 1860 - April 1861) - Having argued with Orry, now a bitter drunk, Brett has fled to Ashton's house in Charleston and runs into Billy, who is stationed at Fort Sumter. Ashton, however, still holds a grudge against Billy and conspires with Justin's nephew and her lover, Forbes LaMotte, to harm them both. George visits Orry and the two apologize to each other after years of estrangement. Orry gives Brett his blessing to marry Billy. South Carolina secedes from the Union, infuriating Orry. Ashton schemes to have Billy killed, partly out of jealousy, and partly because Billy is now a "Yankee" enemy in the eyes of the South. She fails, however, due to a drugged Madeline, who overhears Justin and Forbes discussing it. Her memories come back and she runs to inform Orry after fending off Justin. After stopping Billy and Brett on their way to the train station, Forbes provokes Billy into a rigged pistol duel, which turns into a full-fledged fight after Charles arrives, resulting in Forbes' death. Orry is enraged at Ashton and disowns her, with her vowing revenge. Justin comes looking for Madeline, as she has taken refuge with Orry at Mont Royal, but is forced to leave with a warning. Now off the drugs and with her memories returned, Madeline plans to divorce Justin and marry Orry. Orry visits the Hazard mansion near Philadelphia to give George his part of their cotton mill money. When he arrives, Orry discovers that George and Constance now have a baby girl named Hope. Virgilia finds out that Orry is present and tries to have him killed by forming a lynch mob which threatens the Hazard estate; the mob's leaders demand that George hand Orry over to them, leaving little doubt that their intentions are to kill him. George and Orry face off against the mob with shotguns and Orry boards a train to return to South Carolina. The two friends part, unsure if they will ever see each other again. The Civil War begins.

text: Book II: Love and War[edit]

text:
Episode 1 (June 1861 - July 21, 1861) - Orry and Charles, now officers in the Confederate Army, leave the Main family plantation for the war in Virginia. Orry, despite having been against secession, becomes a general and military aide to Confederate President Jefferson Davis in the Confederate capital of Richmond. Meanwhile, George and Billy are in Washington, D.C., where they are officers in the U.S. Army. Billy joins the U.S. Sharpshooters regiment, while George becomes a military aide to U.S. President Abraham Lincoln. Charles, a Confederate cavalry officer, meets Augusta Barclay, a Virginia belle who smuggles medicine for the southern soldiers. Virgilia wants to work as a nurse at a Washington, D.C. military hospital and asks Congressman Sam Greene, a fellow abolitionist, for help. Orry's cruel and manipulative sister Ashton meets her match in Elkanah Bent, who sees the Civil War as a great way to get rich by smuggling forbidden luxury goods through the U.S. Navy blockade of the South. Bent and Ashton quickly become lovers, while Ashton's politician husband, James Huntoon, is unaware of his wife's adultery. With Orry and Charles gone to war, Justin kidnaps Madeline from the Main family plantation and burns the cotton barn; Orry's mother is injured trying to stop the fire. The First Battle of Bull Run takes place with George and Constance getting caught up in the panicked aftermath as they reluctantly watch from a distance. The South is the winner.
Episode 2 (July 1861 - summer 1862) - Hearing about her mother's injury, Brett and one of the Main household servants, Semiramis, make the dangerous trip from Washington, D.C. to the Main plantation in South Carolina. Along the way, Semiramis is captured by Union soldiers, but rescued by Brett. Orry leaves Richmond and returns to South Carolina as well; he finds Madeline at Justin's plantation and kills Justin in a fight. Orry and Madeline finally get married. Orry discovers Bent's illegal smuggling enterprise and stops it by capturing Bent's blockade runners, arresting his men, and destroying most of his merchandise. Bent and Ashton vow revenge. Meanwhile, in Pennsylvania, George's older brother Stanley takes over the family's steel factories. His greedy wife Isabel talks him into profiteering from the war by using cheap, low-grade iron to make cannons for the U.S. Army; the cannons often explode and kill Northern soldiers. They forge George's name on the documents, in case the cannons are traced back to Hazard Iron.
Episode 3 (September 17, 1862 - spring 1864) - At the bloody battle of Antietam, Charles and Billy nearly kill each other, but each allows the other to escape. Charles's friend Ambrose is killed in the battle by one of the poor-quality cannons made by Hazard Iron. Afterwards, President Abraham Lincoln's Emancipation Proclamation frees the slaves in the rebel Southern states. Most of the slaves leave the Main plantation in South Carolina, but a few remain. Ashton visits her family's plantation, supposedly to see her recovering mother and sister Brett, but in reality to carry out Bent's revenge against Orry. Ashton tells Madeline that she knows that Madeline's mother was a high-priced, part-black prostitute in New Orleans, and that, unless Madeline leaves Orry with no explanation, she will reveal this secret and ruin Orry's public reputation. Madeline flees to Charleston where she is befriended by a suave gambler Rafe Baudeen and begins working for the city's poor and orphans who are suffering from the war. Meanwhile, Bent — who has become increasingly psychotic and unstable — begins planning to assassinate Confederate President Jefferson Davis and become the dictator of the South. Following the Union victory at the Battle of Gettysburg, Billy, sick of not having seen his wife Brett for nearly two years, goes AWOL from the U.S. Army and makes his way to South Carolina, where he and Brett spend some time together. Ashton discovers Billy's presence and goes to tell the local authorities, but Billy is saved when Brett threatens her sister with a pitchfork long enough for Billy to escape.
Episode 4 (May 1864 - late autumn 1864) - When Billy returns to his regiment, his commanding officer threatens to court-martial and execute him if he ever leaves again. Billy is also placed in harm's way by being put in charge of the regiment's skirmishers. George is captured in a raid by Southern forces and taken to the dreaded Libby Prison in Richmond, where he is tortured by Captain Turner, the prison's psychotic commandant. Orry is shot and taken to the hospital where Virgilia works; despite her hatred of Southerners, she helps him recover and looks the other way, allowing him to escape. Later, Virgilia is accused of allowing a wounded Southern soldier to die and is fired from the hospital. In a fit of rage, Virgilia pushes the elderly chief nurse Mrs. Neal, causing her to lose her balance and tumble to the floor. Believing Mrs. Neal to be dead, Virgilia panics and flees the hospital. Desperate for money and a hiding place, she goes to Congressman Greene for help. He gives her money and protection in exchange for sex. Charles saves Augusta from being raped by Northern soldiers at her farm in Virginia, and the two become lovers.
Episode 5 (December 1864 - February 1865) - The war has turned against the South. Orry and Charles save George from Libby Prison, kill Turner in a fight, and allow George to return to the North. Madeline helps starving people in Charleston. Returning home, George learns of his brother and sister-in-law's illegal business schemes to use cheap iron to build cannon, and forces Stanley and Isabel to admit guilt. Bent tries to kill Madeline in Charleston, but she is rescued by her gambler friend Rafe, who saves Madeline but is fatally shot by Bent. Bent enlists James Huntoon for help in his plot to overthrow the Confederate government. Although he is still oblivious to Bent's and Ashton's affair, Huntoon acts as a double agent gathering intelligence on the planned coup d'état and reporting the activities to Jefferson Davis. The Confederate President orders Orry to squash the planned revolution. In a final fight, Orry and Huntoon attack Bent's hideout near Richmond. Bent is (apparently) killed when the ammunition he was hiding in a barn explodes. Ashton confesses her affair to James, conspiring to have Billy killed, her past abortion, and tells Orry that she helped Bent drive Madeline away. Orry disowns Ashton and tells Huntoon that he never wants to see his sister again. Ashton begs Huntoon's forgiveness, but he tells her that it is too late.
Episode 6 (March 1865 - April 1865) - The fighting ends with a Northern victory. Orry and George lead troops against each other in the last major battle at Petersburg; Orry is wounded. Confederate General Robert E. Lee surrenders his army to U.S. Army General Ulysses Grant. With the war over, Charles goes to Augusta's farm and finds that she has died giving birth to his child, a son. He goes to Charleston and gets his child from Augusta's uncle's wife. Billy also quits the army and reunites with Brett at her family's plantation. Congressman Greene ends his affair with Virgilia, which he thinks detrimental to his political career. Virgilia learns that Greene had been lying to her about the seriousness of the charges and using Virgilia's dependence for his own gratification; she murders the congressman and is sentenced to death by hanging. She and George have a tearful farewell before her execution. George learns that Orry is wounded and searches for him, finally finding him in a Union hospital. Their reunion is spoiled when both learn that President Lincoln has been shot. George helps Orry find Madeline, who reveals that Orry is now the father of their son. Orry, Madeline, their baby, and George all set out for the Main plantation. Salem Jones, the cruel former overseer of the Main plantation, joins with one of the Main's former slaves, Cuffey, in an attack on the Main plantation; they burn the mansion before being killed or driven off by Charles, Billy, and Ezra, a former slave who is engaged to marry Semiramis. Orry, George, and Madeline arrive, with the former two helping to fend off the last of the attackers. Οrry's mother is killed in the attack by Cuffey while trying to prevent Semiramis' rape, but Cuffey is shot dead by Charles, while Salem Jones is shot dead by Brett when he is about to shoot Billy. Orry and George pledge to renew their family's friendship, and George agrees to help Orry rebuild his plantation home by reopening the cotton mill and letting Orry take the profits.

text: Book III: Heaven and Hell[edit]

text:
Episode 1 (summer 1865 - autumn 1865) - Elkanah Bent, having survived the explosion of his hidden ammunition depot near Richmond, becomes obsessed with getting his "final revenge" on Orry and George, whom he blames for his failures in life. He begins his revenge by going to Richmond and murdering Orry Main with a single stab wound. Furious, Ashton tries unsuccessfully to kill Bent; she then moves to the West to start a new life. Heartbroken at Orry's death, Madeline tries to rebuild the Main family mansion at Mont Royal and helps local freed slaves, to the disapproval of most of her white neighbors. After learning of Orry's death, George goes to Mont Royal and helps Madeline. Charles Main, now a corporal in the U.S. Cavalry in the Old West, meets and romances Willa Parker. Ashton begins working as a prostitute in Santa Fe; her goal is to earn enough money to buy Mont Royal. Carrying out the next part of his plan of revenge, Bent goes to the Hazard mansion near Philadelphia and murders George's wife Constance.
Episode 2 (autumn 1865 - spring 1866) - Devastated by news of his wife's murder, George begins searching for Bent to exact justice. Cooper Main, Orry's older brother, becomes a member of the Ku Klux Klan and begins working to undermine his sister-in-law Madeline's efforts to help local blacks. Isabel, George's greedy sister-in-law, wants to buy Mont Royal and evict the Main family. Charles continues to work as a cavalryman in the Old West, and continues to romance Willa. Realizing that she cannot stand against Cooper and Isabel alone, Madeline asks George for help. Charles helps to form a unit of buffalo soldiers. Cavalrymen massacre a Cheyenne village.
Episode 3 (spring 1866 - spring/summer 1866) - George arrives at Mont Royal to help Madeline, and they fall in love. Carrying out the final part of his revenge, Bent kidnaps Charles and Augusta's son Gus. When George learns of this, he goes West and finds Charles. Together the two men rescue Gus, hunt down Bent, and hang him. The hanging ends the personal war between Bent and the Main and Hazard families, avenging the deaths of Orry and Constance. When Ashton finally gets home, she weeps when she sees that Mont Royal has been burned. George and Charles return to Mont Royal to help Madeline and the freed slaves defeat the Ku Klux Klan. Cooper takes Madeline during the fight, and George rides after to save her. When Cooper is told by Gettys LaMotte to kill both Madeline and George, he refuses. Gettys LaMotte shoots Cooper, and George kills Gettys. Charles says his goodbyes before returning to Willa and Gus, while George and Madeline plan for their future together.

text: Awards and nominations[edit]

text: The North and South miniseries were nominated and/or awarded with many different awards around the world, among which the most significant are :

text:
Year
Award
Result
Category/People

1986
Golden Globe Awards
Nominated
David Carradine for Best Performance by an Actor in a Supporting Role in a Series, Mini-Series or Motion Picture Made for TV (N&S1)

Nominated
Lesley-Anne Down for Best Performance by an Actress in a Supporting Role in a Series, Mini-Series or Motion Picture Made for TV (N&S1)

Primetime Emmy Awards
Won
Costuming team for Outstanding Achievement in Costuming for a Miniseries or a Special (N&S1, ep.4)

Nominated
Virginia Darcy for Outstanding Achievement in Hairstyling for a Miniseries or a Special (N&S1, ep.1)

Nominated
Makeup team for Outstanding Achievement in Makeup for a Miniseries or a Special (N&S1, ep.6)

Nominated
Bill Conti for Outstanding Achievement in Music Composition for a Miniseries or a Special (Dramatic Underscore) (N&S1, ep.1)

Nominated
Stevan Larner for Outstanding Cinematography for a Miniseries or a Special (N&S1, ep.6)

Nominated
Editing team for Outstanding Editing for a Miniseries or a Special - Single Camera Production (N&S1, ep.4)

Nominated
Sound editing team for Outstanding Sound Editing for a Miniseries or a Special (N&S1, ep.2)

Nominated
Hairstyling team for Outstanding Achievement in Hairstyling for a Miniseries or a Special (N&S2, ep.1)

Nominated
Robert Fletcher for Outstanding Costume Design for a Miniseries or a Special (N&S2, ep.1)

Nominated
Sound editing team for Outstanding Sound Editing for a Miniseries or a Special (N&S2, ep.6)

1995
ASC Award
Nominated
Don E. FauntLeRoy for Outstanding Achievement in Cinematography in Mini-Series (N&S3, ep.3)

text: Media[edit]

text: VHS and DVD releases[edit]

text: North and South Books I and II were released on NTSC VHS in the United States. Book III was never released on VHS in the United States. Books I, II and III were released on PAL VHS in Europe.

text: All three Books were released on Region 1 DVD in October 2004. This release also included a bonus featurette with John Jakes and David Wolper talking about the books and the miniseries; James Read, Lesley-Anne Down, and Patrick Swayze discussing their characters; general thoughts of other cast and crew members; plus information about the historical background and trials of its reconstruction for the miniseries.

text: The Region 2 DVD release contained only Books I and II at first, but eventually Book III also became available, with the bonus featurette included. All volumes were sold as separate boxes, but later on they were also available in one box.

text: Soundtrack[edit]

text: A soundtrack CD published by Varèse Sarabande in 1985 (VCD47250) contains tracks from the Bill Conti scores to North and South and The Right Stuff. It includes the following tracks from North and South:[13]

text:
Main Title 3:45
Southern Life 1:38
Love In The Chapel 4:04
A Close Call 2:00
Returning Home 2:13
Last Embrace 2:57
Final Meeting 2:28

tag: ol

text: The Varèse Sarabande Soundtrack Club released the entire score to North and South (1985) in a four-CD box set on February 25, 2008.[14] The tracks in this set are the original recordings used in the production of the series, with three discs devoted to Conti's score and a fourth to the source music from the series. The entire score to North and South: Book II (1986) was released on October 3, 2008 and includes three CDs.[15] On December 4, 2015, North and South: Highlights, a 76-minute disc featuring selections from the first miniseries score, was released.[16] David Bell scored Heaven and Hell: North and South Book III using Conti's thematic material.


document_title: Cleveland Cavaliers

question_text: when did the cavs win their first championship

text: Cleveland Cavaliers

text: History

text: The Cavaliers began play in the 1970–71 NBA season as an expansion team. They set losing records in each of their first five seasons before winning their first division title in 1976. That team was led by Austin Carr, Bobby "Bingo" Smith, Jim Chones, Dick Snyder, Nate Thurmond, and head coach Bill Fitch, and was remembered most for the "Miracle at Richfield", in which the Cavaliers defeated the Washington Bullets 4–3 in the Eastern Conference Semifinals. They won Game 7, 87–85, on a shot by Snyder with four seconds to go. The Cavaliers moved on to the Eastern Conference Finals for the first time, but were without Chones after he broke his foot in a practice right before the series opener. As a result, the Cavaliers went on to lose 4–2 to the Boston Celtics.[7] They made playoff appearances in the following two seasons before going on a six-year playoff hiatus.

text: The early 1980s were marked by Ted Stepien's ownership, who had a disastrous run as owner and de facto general manager between 1980 and 1983. During Stepien's reign, the Cavaliers made a practice of trading future draft picks for marginal veteran players. His most notable deal sent a 1982 first-round pick to the Los Angeles Lakers in exchange for Dan Ford and the 22nd overall pick in 1980. As a result of Stepien's dealings, the NBA introduced the "Stepien Rule", which prohibits teams from trading first-round draft picks in successive seasons.[8] The Cavaliers went 66–180, dropped to the bottom of the league in attendance and lost $15 million during Stepien's three years as the owner.[9] The Cavs went through six coaches during that span, including four during the 1981–82 season.[9] The team finished 15–67, and between March and November 1982, the team had a 24-game losing streak, which at the time, was the NBA's longest losing streak. George and Gordon Gund purchased the Cavaliers from Stepien in 1983.[8]

text: The Cavaliers made the playoffs ten times between 1984–85 and 1997–98. In 1988–89, the Cavaliers had their best season to date, finishing the regular season with 57–25 record behind the likes of Brad Daugherty, Mark Price, Ron Harper and Larry Nance, and head coach Lenny Wilkens. They had their second 57-win season in 1991–92 and reached the Eastern Conference Finals that year. However, between 1998–99 and 2004–05, the Cavaliers failed to make a playoff appearance. The 2002–03 season saw the Cavaliers finish 17–65, tied for the worst record in the NBA.

text: The Cavaliers' luck changed as they landed the number 1 pick in the 2003 NBA draft. The team selected heralded forward and future NBA MVP LeBron James, a native of nearby Akron who had already risen to national stardom at St. Vincent-St. Mary High School. In 2005, the team would be sold to businessman Dan Gilbert. That year, the team also hired head coach Mike Brown and general manager Danny Ferry.  The Cavaliers built a team around James and Žydrūnas Ilgauskas by adding players including Drew Gooden, Larry Hughes, and Anderson Varajao. Under this new leadership, the Cavaliers made five straight playoffs from 2006 to 2010, advancing to at least the second round each time. The 2006–07 Cavaliers advanced to the franchise's first NBA Finals, but were swept by the more experienced San Antonio Spurs. The 2008–09 Cavaliers won a franchise record 66 games, including a franchise-best 39–2 record at home, but lost the Eastern Conference Finals to the Orlando Magic. Despite the addition of four-time NBA champion Shaquille O'Neal, the 2009–10 Cavaliers were unable to return to the Eastern Conference Finals after losing to the Boston Celtics in the second round.

text: With the Cavaliers out of the playoffs, the focus turned to James' impending free agency. On July 8, 2010, James announced in a nationally televised one-hour special titled The Decision that he would be signing with the Miami Heat.[10] The repercussions of this announcement left many in the city of Cleveland infuriated and feeling betrayed. After a 19–win season in 2010–11 (the 42-win difference being the biggest single-season drop in NBA history), the Cavaliers began a rebuild around Kyrie Irving, who they selected first overall in the 2011 NBA Draft.

text: In 2014, James returned to the Cavaliers after four seasons in Miami. While the Heat had a 224–88 record during James' four-year tenure and won NBA titles in 2012 and 2013, the Cavaliers went 97–215 and missed the playoffs each season.[11] The Cavaliers made several moves to build a championship-contender around James, most notably acquiring power forward Kevin Love from the Minnesota Timberwolves, which created what many fans and media referred to a "Big Three" with James, Love, and Irving. The Lebron-led Cavaliers made four consecutive finals appearances in from 2015 to 2018, all against the Golden State Warriors, winning in 2016. The 2016 NBA Championship marked the Cavaliers' first title in franchise history, as they became the first team to come back from a 3–1 deficit to win the Finals. It was also Cleveland's first championship in major professional sports since the 1964 Browns, signaling the end of the so-called Cleveland sports curse.

text: The Cavaliers' roster went through many changes in the 2017–18 season, most notably the trade of Irving to the Boston Celtics in exchange for Isaiah Thomas and other assets. Thomas was later traded to the Los Angeles Lakers as part of a trade deadline overhaul that saw the Cavaliers add several young players. The following offseason, James declined his player option to rejoin the team, instead signing with the Lakers.

text: Season-by-season records

text: Rivalries

text: Chicago Bulls

text: This section is empty. You can help by adding to it. (June 2018)

text: Golden State Warriors

text: Logos and uniforms

text: When the Cleveland Cavaliers debuted in the NBA in 1970, the team's original jerseys were wine and gold. The first jerseys featured the feathered treatment of the letter C in Cavaliers. In 1974, they changed into the classic block lettering and checkerboard pattern that was synonymous to the 'Miracle of Richfield' teams of 1976. In 1980, the gold shade was changed from yellowish to metallic, and the uniforms removed the checkerboard pattern and placed the stripes above Cleveland and below the uniform number, the only time the city name was featured in both home and away jerseys.

text: The original logo was that of swashbuckling cavalier looking right with a sword pointing, surrounded by the team name and a basketball. A modernized swashbuckling cavalier logo was later used by the Cavaliers' NBA Development League affiliates, the Canton Charge. The gold checkerboard uniforms were used as throwbacks in the 2004–05 season to commemorate the 30th anniversary of the 'Miracle of Richfield' team, while the gold 'Feathered C' uniforms were used again in the 2008–09 season, as a buildup to the then-upcoming 40th season of the Cavaliers. The 'Miracle of Richfield' gold uniforms were used again in the 2015–16 season on special "Hardwood Classic" nights to commemorate the Miracle of Richfield teams's 40th anniversary celebration.

text: Blue and orange

text: In the 1983–84 season, the colors were changed to burnt orange, blue and white. The first Cavaliers uniform under the new scheme featured the Cavaliers logo (with a V in the shape of a hoop and circle above as basketball) in an arched pattern and the player name sewn onto the back shoulder as a patch, with orange being the primary color in both the away and home uniforms. However, in the 1987–88 season, orange was relegated as a secondary color, and blue was used instead as the primary for the away and home uniforms; minor changes in the 1989–90 season include the city name on the blue away uniforms. The drop shadows were also removed. The orange version of the uniform was used again in the 2006–07 and 2016–17 seasons, as part of the respective 20th and 30th anniversaries of the 1986–87 team.[12] The blue versions were worn in the 2009–10 season as part of the franchise's 40th anniversary and as a tribute to the 1988–89 team.

text: Blue, black and orange

text: Coinciding with the move to Gund Arena in the 1994–95 season, the Cavaliers changed logos and uniforms, adding black in addition to the already existing blue, orange and white colors. The uniforms feature a blue splash in the abdomen area in front. From 1994 to 1997 the word 'CAVS' on the home uniforms was orange with black line, while the numbers are in black with white line, while 'CLEVELAND' on the road uniforms was also orange with black lines, while the numbers are in white with a black line. From 1997 to 1999 the numbers and lettering were slightly tweaked. The word 'CAVS' and the numbers on the home uniforms are in black with orange lines, while the word 'CLEVELAND' and the numbers on the road uniforms are in white with orange lines. In the latter iteration, the blue splash was moved from the right leg to the left leg, surrounding 'CLEVELAND' on the home uniforms and 'CAVS' on the road uniforms, with a minor change in striping.

text: In the 1999–2000 season, the Cavaliers opted to go for a cleaner look, eliminating the splash and adding an orange and blue line that runs through the shorts. The home jerseys feature the team nickname and the uniform numbers are in blue with black lines, while on the away jerseys, they feature the city name and the uniform numbers in white with blue lines. They were used until the 2002–03 season. The logo used in this period was of a basketball on its way down the net, surrounded by a black square and the word 'CAVS' in blue with black line below.

text: The "new" wine and gold

text: The Cavaliers switched to a modified version of the team's classic wine and gold scheme in the 2003–04 season (metallic gold and crimson shade of wine), with navy blue added to the color scheme. The home uniform was white, with the word "Cavaliers" in wine lettering with gold trim on the front, the player's name in wine lettering with gold trim on the back, the player's numbers in navy blue, and wine and gold trim on the sides. The team's standard road uniform was wine-colored, with the word "Cleveland", the player's name, and the player's numbers all in white lettering with gold trim, as well as white and gold trim on the sides.The team's third/alternate uniform was navy blue with the word "Cleveland", the player's name, and the player's numbers all in white lettering with gold trim, as well as a wine, gold, and navy blue checkerboard trim. The checkerboard trim was a tribute to the original Cavaliers uniforms from the 1970s. The logo used was a gold sword piercing to the words 'Cleveland Cavaliers' in white and navy trim, with a wine basketball surrounding it.

text: The return to original wine and gold

text: The Cavaliers debuted new uniforms before the start of the 2010–11 NBA season, to coincide with the team returning to the original shades of wine and gold used from 1970 to 1983.[13] The home uniform is white with a wine and gold horizontal stripe trim on the collar, sleeves, waistband, and pant legs, "Cavaliers" (in block style lettering) in wine on the front of the jersey, with wine lettering for the name and number, and white shoes and socks. The road uniform is wine colored with the same stripe trim, "Cleveland" in gold on the front of the jersey, and gold lettering on the name and number, with black shoes and socks. An alternate third uniform was added for the 2012–13 season, which is gold with "CAVS" in wine on the front of the jersey, wine lettering on the name and number, white socks and shoes, and the same stripe trim as the other uniforms.[14] All uniforms have the team motto "All For One, One for All" stitched on the inside of the collar, and the secondary "Sword C" logo on the side of the pant legs. The logo used is the same piercing sword logo, updated to the classic wine and gold scheme.

text: For the 2014–15 season, a second alternate uniform (and fourth uniform overall) was added, which is navy blue (a callback to the 1987–94 style) with "CAVS" and the player's number in wine with gold trim, the player's name on the back of the jersey in gold, and the "Sword C" logo on the side of the pant legs.[15] Two alternate jerseys were unveiled prior to the start of the 2015–16 season.[16] The second wine uniform is similar to their regular road threads, except that it features the arched mid-1980s Cavs logo and white numerals in gold trim. A black sleeved uniform features the wine 'C' logo in front, and was famously worn in the title-clinching Game 7 of the 2016 NBA Finals.[17][18] Their new logos for the 2017–18 season newly include the color black to commemorate the victory.[3][19]

text: CavFanatic uniforms

text: From the 2008–09 to the 2011–12 seasons, the Cavaliers wore special "mash-up" uniforms (combining the style from one era with the color scheme of another) on select "Cavs Fanatic" Nights.

text:
2008–09: the team wore the original "Feathered C" uniforms but with the 1994–2003 shade of blue combined with the classic wine and gold shade.
2009–10: the team wore their 1987–89 uniforms, but in the classic wine and gold from the 'Miracle of Richfield' era.
2010–11: the team wore the 2005–10 checkerboard alternate uniforms, but in the 1994–2003 color scheme of blue, black and orange.
2011–12: the team wore navy uniforms with wine and gold lettering; these are similar to their current navy alternates but with a different jersey and shorts striping.

text: Nike styles

text: Beginning in the 2017–18 season, all NBA teams will wear Nike-designed white "Association" uniforms and "Icon" uniforms in the respective team's primary color. For the Cavs, their Icon uniforms will be wine colored with "Cleveland" across the front and the player's name in gold lettering with black numerals both in the front and in the back.  The white Association uniforms will have "Cavs" across the front, with wine color letters and numbers both front and back.  All teams have the choice of which uniform to wear for any home game.  Also new will be a small Goodyear wingfoot logo on the Cavs uniforms, as part of a sponsorship deal with the team.[20][21]

text: Nike also announced that each team will have a third, alternate uniform called the "Statement" uniform for the 2017–18 season. The Cavaliers' Statement uniform will be black with dark gray pinstripes, a wine colored "C" trimmed in gold on the front, names in gold letters on the back, wine colored/gold trimmed numbers on the front and back, and gold colored Nike and Goodyear logos on the front.  The black uniform is a nod to the team's former black sleeved jerseys that they wore when they won Game 7 in the 2016 Finals.[22]

text: Late in 2017, Nike unveiled a fourth uniform design for the Cavs called the "City Edition", which honors the city of Cleveland as well as the state of Ohio.  This uniform is grey with dark grey trim, "The Land" (a popular Cleveland nickname) across the front of the uniform in white letters trimmed in dark grey and gold (as is the number on the front of the jersey), with the player's name and number in white lettering on the back.  The "City Edition" also features a special design going down the sides of the uniform that is a tribute to the Guardians of Transportation (part of the Hope Memorial Bridge in downtown Cleveland).  Outlines of the state of Ohio and a small Ohio flag are also part of the uniform.[23]

text: Home arenas

text:
Cleveland Arena (1970–1974)
Richfield Coliseum (1974–1994)
Quicken Loans Arena (1994–present)

text: Cleveland Clinic Courts

text: Cleveland Clinic Courts, the team's practice facility and team headquarters, is located in suburban Independence, Ohio. The 50,000-square-foot (4,600 m2) building opened in 2007 and includes two full-size basketball courts, weight room, team room, offices, medical facilities, and kitchen and dining facilities. Naming rights are held by the Cleveland Clinic, which is the team's official healthcare partner. Prior to the opening of Cleveland Clinic Courts, the team used the practice court located on the club level of Quicken Loans Arena.[24][25][26] In honor of the Cavs winning the NBA Championship, the city of Independence renamed the section of Brecksville Road leading to the team's practice facility "Cavaliers Way" in November 2016.[27]

text: Players

text: Current roster

text:
Cleveland Cavaliers rostervte

Players
Coaches

Pos.
No.
Name
Height
Weight
DOB (YYYY-MM-DD)
From

G

7000800000000000000♠8

Clarkson, Jordan

7000195580000000000♠6 ft 5 in (1.96 m)

194 lb (88 kg)

1992–06–07

Missouri

G

7000300000000000000♠3

Hill, George

7000190500000000000♠6 ft 3 in (1.91 m)

188 lb (85 kg)

1986–05–04

IUPUI

G/F

7001100000000000000♠10

Holland, John (TW)

7000195580000000000♠6 ft 5 in (1.96 m)

205 lb (93 kg)

1988–11–06

Boston University

F

7000100000000000000♠1

Hood, Rodney

7000203200000000000♠6 ft 8 in (2.03 m)

206 lb (93 kg)

1992–10–20

Duke

G

7001260000000000000♠26

Korver, Kyle

7000200659999999999♠6 ft 7 in (2.01 m)

212 lb (96 kg)

1981–03–17

Creighton

F/C

5000000000000000000♠0

Love, Kevin (C)

7000208279999999999♠6 ft 10 in (2.08 m)

251 lb (114 kg)

1988–09–07

UCLA

F

7001220000000000000♠22

Nance, Larry

7000205740000000000♠6 ft 9 in (2.06 m)

230 lb (104 kg)

1993–01–01

Wyoming

F

7001160000000000000♠16

Osman, Cedi

7000203200000000000♠6 ft 8 in (2.03 m)

215 lb (98 kg)

1995–04–08

Turkey

C

7001210000000000000♠21

Perkins, Kendrick

7000208279999999999♠6 ft 10 in (2.08 m)

270 lb (122 kg)

1984–11–10

Clifton J. Ozen HS (TX)

F

7001200000000000000♠20

Preston, Billy (TW)

7000208279999999999♠6 ft 10 in (2.08 m)

240 lb (109 kg)

1997–10–26

Oak Hill Academy (VA)

G

7000200000000000000♠2

Sexton, Collin

7000187960000000000♠6 ft 2 in (1.88 m)

183 lb (83 kg)

1999–01–04

Alabama

G

7000500000000000000♠5

Smith, J. R.

7000198120000000000♠6 ft 6 in (1.98 m)

225 lb (102 kg)

1985–09–09

St. Benedict's Prep (NJ)

F/C

7001130000000000000♠13

Thompson, Tristan

7000205740000000000♠6 ft 9 in (2.06 m)

238 lb (108 kg)

1991–03–13

Texas

F

7000900000000000000♠9

White, Okaro

7000203200000000000♠6 ft 8 in (2.03 m)

215 lb (98 kg)

1992–08–13

Florida State

F/C

7001410000000000000♠41

Žižić, Ante

7000210820000000000♠6 ft 11 in (2.11 m)

250 lb (113 kg)

1997–01–04

Croatia

Head coach
Tyronn Lue
Assistant coach(es)
Larry Drew (Assoc. HC)
Damon Jones
Dan Geriot
Mike Longabardi
James Posey

Legend
(C) Team captain(DP) Unsigned draft pick(FA) Free agent(S) Suspended(GL) On assignment to G League affiliate(TW) Two-way affiliate player Injured

Roster • Transactions  Last transaction: 2018–07–08

text: Retained draft rights

text: The Cavaliers hold the draft rights to the following unsigned draft picks who have been playing outside the NBA. A drafted player, either an international draftee or a college draftee who is not signed by the team that drafted him, is allowed to sign with any non-NBA teams. In this case, the team retains the player's draft rights in the NBA until one year after the player's contract with the non-NBA team ends.[28] This list includes draft rights that were acquired from trades with other teams.

text:
Draft

Round

Pick

Player

Pos.

Nationality

Current team

Note(s)

Ref

2015

2

47

Artūras Gudaitis

F/C

 Lithuania

EA7 Emporio Armani Milano (Italy)

Acquired from the Sacramento Kings

[29]

2015

2

53

Sir'Dominic Pointer

G/F

 United States

Alba Fehérvár (Hungary)

[30]

2012

2

57

İlkan Karaman

F

 Turkey

Demir İnşaat Büyükçekmece (Turkey)

Acquired from the Brooklyn Nets

[31]

2011

2

54

Milan Mačvan

F

 Serbia

Bayern Munich (Germany)

[32]

2011

2

56

Chukwudiebere Maduabum

F/C

 Nigeria

Cyberdyne Ibaraki Robots (Japan)

Acquired from the Los Angeles Lakers (via Denver and Philadelphia)

[33]

2009

2

49

Sergiy Gladyr

G

 Ukraine

AS Monaco (France)

Acquired from the Atlanta Hawks

[34]

2006

2

48

Vladimir Veremeenko

F

 Belarus

Nizhny Novgorod (Russia)

Acquired from the Washington Wizards (via Chicago)

[35]

2006

2

55

Ejike Ugboaja

F

 Nigeria

Free agent

[36]

2006

2

56

Edin Bavčić

F

 Bosnia and Herzegovina

Klosterneuburg Dukes (Austria)

Acquired from the Toronto Raptors (via Philadelphia, New Orleans and Brooklyn)

[31]

text: Cavs Legends

text: The following is a list of past Cavaliers players and other personnel who have been honored as "Cavs Legends" either by retiring their number or having commemorative banners placed in the rafters at Quicken Loans Arena.[37][38][39]

text:
Retired numbers

No.

Name

Position

Tenure

Date

7
Bobby "Bingo" Smith
G/F
1970–1979
December 4, 1979

11
Zydrunas Ilgauskas
C
1996–2010
March 8, 2014[40]

22 1
Larry Nance
F/C
1988–1994
January 30, 1995

25
Mark Price
G
1986–1995
November 13, 1999

34
Austin Carr
G
1971–1980
January 3, 1981

42
Nate Thurmond
C
1975–1977
December 18, 1977

43
Brad Daugherty
C
1986–1994
March 1, 1997

text:
Other honored personnel

Insignia

Name

Role

Tenure

Date

Joe Tait
Broadcaster
1970–19811983–2011
April 8, 2011

text: Notes:

text: 1 A special arrangement was made in 2018, which allowed Larry Nance Jr. to wear #22 in honor of his father.[41]

text: Hall of Famers

text: The following is a list of players and other personnel who have spent at least part of their careers with the Cavaliers that have been inducted into the Naismith Memorial Basketball Hall of Fame.

text:
Cleveland Cavaliers Hall of Famers

Players

No.
Name
Position
Tenure
Inducted

42
Nate Thurmond
F/C
1975–1977
1985

11
Walt Frazier
G
1977–1980
1987

19
Lenny Wilkens 1
G
1972–1974
1989

33
Shaquille O'Neal
C
2009–2010
2016

Coaches

Name
Position
Tenure
Inducted

Chuck Daly 2
Head coach
1981–1982
1994

Lenny Wilkens 1
Head coach
1986–1993
1998

Contributors

Name
Position
Tenure
Inducted

Wayne Embry 3
General manager
1986–1999
1999

text: Notes:

text:
1 In total, Wilkens was inducted into the Hall of Fame three times – as player, as coach and as a member of the 1992 Olympic team.
2 In total, Daly was inducted into the Hall of Fame twice – as a coach, and as a member of the 1992 Olympic team.
3 Never played for the Cavaliers. Inducted as contributor for being the first African American to manage a team in NBA.

text: Curt Gowdy Award winners

text: Joe Tait – 2010 (team announcer 1970–1981; 1983–2011)

text: FIBA Hall of Famers

text:
Cleveland Cavaliers Hall of Famers

Players

No.
Name
Position
Tenure
Inducted

33
Shaquille O'Neal
C
2009–2010
2017

text: Individual records and accomplishments

text: Franchise leaders

text: Bold denotes still active with team. Italic denotes still active but not with team.

text: Points scored (regular season – as of the end of the 2017–18 season)[42]

text:
LeBron James (23,119)
Zydrunas Ilgauskas (10,616)
Brad Daugherty (10,389)
Austin Carr (10,265)
Mark Price (9,543)
Bingo Smith (9,513)
Hot Rod Williams (8,504)
Kyrie Irving (8,232)
Larry Nance (7,257)
Campy Russell (6,588)
World B. Free (6,329)
Terrell Brandon (5,793)
Jim Chones (5,729)
Danny Ferry (5,643)
Mike Mitchell (5,217)
Craig Ehlo (5,103)
Phil Hubbard (4,962)
Anderson Varejão (4,485)
Ron Harper (4,433)
Tristan Thompson (4,378)

text: Other statistics (regular season) (as of April 18, 2017)[42]

text:
Most minutes played

Player

Minutes

LeBron James
30,104

Zydrunas Ilgauskas
21,820

Hot Rod Williams
20,802

Brad Daugherty
20,029

Bingo Smith
19,221

Austin Carr
19,003

Mark Price
18,127

Danny Ferry
15,045

Larry Nance
14,966

Anderson Varejao
14,773

text:
Most rebounds

Player

Rebounds

Zydrunas Ilgauskas
5,904

LeBron James
5,482

Brad Daugherty
5,227

Hot Rod Williams
4,669

Anderson Varejão
4,434

Tristan Thompson
4,029

Jim Chones
3,790

Larry Nance
3,561

Jim Brewer
3,551

Bingo Smith
3,057

text:
Most assists

Player

Assists

LeBron James
5,481

Mark Price
4,206

John Bagley
2,311

Terrell Brandon
2,235

Foots Walker
2,115

Kyrie Irving
2,114

Brad Daugherty
2,028

Andre Miller
2,015

Austin Carr
1,820

Craig Ehlo
1,803

text:
Most steals

Player

Steals

LeBron James
1,260

Mark Price
734

Foots Walker
722

Craig Ehlo
661

Terrell Brandon
621

Hot Rod Williams
587

Ron Harper
530

Anderson Varejão
529

Kyrie Irving
504

John Bagley
474

text:
Most blocks

Player

Blocks

Zydrunas Ilgauskas
1,269

Hot Rod Williams
1,200

Larry Nance
1,087

LeBron James
624

Jim Chones
450

Roy Hinson
430

Brad Daugherty
397

Anderson Varejão
397

Tristan Thompson
364

Jim Brewer
353

text:
Most three-pointers made

Player

3-pointers made

LeBron James
1,102

Mark Price
802

Kyrie Irving
723

Daniel Gibson
578

Wesley Person
550

Danny Ferry
543

Kevin Love
447

J.R. Smith
430

Mo Williams
414

Craig Ehlo
381

text: Individual awards

text:
NBA Most Valuable Player

LeBron James – 2009, 2010
NBA Rookie of the Year

LeBron James – 2004
Kyrie Irving –  2012
NBA Coach of the Year

Bill Fitch – 1976
Mike Brown – 2009
NBA Executive of the Year

Wayne Embry – 1992, 1998
NBA Sportsmanship Award

Terrell Brandon – 1997
J. Walter Kennedy Citizenship Award

Austin Carr – 1980
Eric Snow – 2005
Luol Deng – 2014
LeBron James – 2017
NBA Finals Most Valuable Player

LeBron James – 2016

NBA All-Rookie First Team

Austin Carr – 1972
Dwight Davis – 1973
Brad Daugherty – 1987
Ron Harper – 1987
John Williams – 1987
Zydrunas Ilgauskas – 1998
Brevin Knight – 1998
Andre Miller – 2000
LeBron James – 2004
Kyrie Irving – 2012
Dion Waiters – 2013
NBA All-Rookie Second Team

Terrell Brandon – 1992
Derek Anderson – 1998
Cedric Henderson – 1998
Chris Mihm – 2001
Carlos Boozer – 2003
Tristan Thompson – 2012
Tyler Zeller – 2013

All-NBA First Team

Mark Price – 1993
LeBron James – 2006, 2008, 2009, 2010, 2015, 2016, 2017, 2018
All-NBA Second Team

LeBron James – 2005, 2007
All-NBA Third Team

Mark Price – 1989, 1992, 1994
Brad Daugherty – 1992
Kyrie Irving – 2015
NBA All-Defensive First Team

Larry Nance – 1989
LeBron James – 2009, 2010
NBA All-Defensive Second Team

Jim Brewer – 1976, 1977
Jim Cleamons – 1976
Larry Nance – 1992, 1993
Bobby Phills – 1996
Anderson Varejão – 2010

text: NBA All-Star Weekend

text:
NBA All-Star Game

John Johnson – 1971, 1972
Butch Beard – 1972
Austin Carr – 1974
Campy Russell – 1979
Mike Mitchell – 1981
Brad Daugherty – 1988, 1989, 1991, 1992, 1993
Larry Nance – 1989, 1993
Mark Price – 1989, 1992, 1993, 1994
Tyrone Hill – 1995
Terrell Brandon – 1996, 1997
Shawn Kemp – 1998*
Žydrūnas Ilgauskas – 2003, 2005
LeBron James – 2005*, 2006*, 2007*, 2008*, 2009*, 2010*, 2015*, 2016*, 2017*, 2018*
Mo Williams – 2009
Kyrie Irving – 2013, 2014*, 2015, 2017*
Kevin Love – 2017, 2018
* Starter
NBA All-Star Game head coaches

Lenny Wilkens – 1989
Mike Brown – 2009
Tyronn Lue – 2016
NBA All-Star Game MVP

LeBron James – 2006, 2008, 2018
Kyrie Irving – 2014
Three-point Shootout

Mark Price – 1988 (5th), 1990 (7th), 1993 (1st), 1994 (1st), 1995 (3rd)
Craig Ehlo – 1990 (5th), 1992 (6th)
Wesley Person – 2002 (2nd)
Damon Jones – 2007 (5th)
Daniel Gibson – 2008 (2nd), 2011 (5th)
Kyrie Irving – 2013 (1st), 2014 (4th), 2015 (2nd), 2017 (2nd)

Slam Dunk Contest

Roy Hinson – 1986 (7th)
Ron Harper – 1987 (5th), 1989 (7th)
Bob Sura – 1997 (5th)
Larry Nance Jr. – 2018 (2nd)
Skills Challenge

LeBron James – 2006 (2nd), 2007 (3rd)
Mo Williams – 2009 (3rd)
Kyrie Irving – 2012 (7th)
Rookie/Rising Stars Challenge

Chris Mills – 1994
Bob Sura – 1996
Vitaly Potapenko – 1997
Žydrūnas Ilgauskas – 1998
Brevin Knight – 1998
Cedric Henderson – 1998
Derek Anderson – 1998 (DNP)
Andre Miller – 2000 (Rookie), 2001 (Sophomore)
Chris Mihm – 2002 (Sophomore)
Carlos Boozer – 2003 (Rookie), 2004 (Sophomore)
Dajuan Wagner – 2003 (Rookie)
LeBron James – 2004 (Rookie), 2005 (Sophomore)
Daniel Gibson – 2008 (Sophomore)
Kyrie Irving  – 2012 (Rookie), 2013 (Sophomore)
Tristan Thompson – 2012 (Rookie), 2013 (Sophomore)
Dion Waiters – 2013 (Rookie), 2014 (Sophomore)
Tyler Zeller – 2013 (Rookie)
Matthew Dellavedova – 2015 (World)
Rookie/Rising Stars Challenge MVP

Žydrūnas Ilgauskas – 1998
Daniel Gibson – 2008 (Sophomore)
Kyrie Irving  – 2012 (Rookie)
Two Ball Contest

Wesley Person with Michelle Edwards – 1998 (7th)
Trajan Langdon with Eva Nemcova –  2001 (2nd)

text: Head coaches

text: Media

text: WTAM (1100 AM) and WMMS (100.7 FM) currently serve as the flagship stations for the Cavaliers Radio Network.[43] John Michael (play by play) and former Cavaliers star Jim Chones (analyst) are the radio team, with WTAM morning co-host/sports director Mike Snyder hosting the pregame/halftime/postgame shows. Either Chones (home games) or former Ohio State standout and NBA player Brad Sellers (road games) will join Snyder for the postgame show.

text: WLFM-LP (87.7 FM) serves as the Spanish-language radio home of the Cavaliers, with the 2014–15 season marking the first time the Cavaliers have been broadcast in a second language.  Rafael Hernández Brito serves as the Spanish language play-by-play announcer, as well as hosting pregame and postgame shows.[44]

text: The Cavaliers air on Fox Sports Ohio, with select games simulcast on WUAB (TV channel 43).[45] The broadcast team includes play-by-play announcer Fred McLeod; analyst Austin Carr, a former Cavalier; and sideline reporter Allie Clifton.  Jeff Phelps and former Cavalier Campy Russell host the pregame, halftime, and postgame shows.[45]

text: Mascots

text: The Cavaliers have two official mascots, Moondog and Sir C.C.  The character has a unique connection not just to the team, but to the city and surrounding area. Cleveland is known worldwide as the rock and roll city, due to Cleveland radio disc jockey Alan Freed, who popularized the phrase "rock and roll", breaking new ground and sparking a music explosion. Freed called himself the "Moondog", and his listeners were "Moondoggers". When the Cavaliers looked to create a new mascot which represents the city, Moondog was a natural selection. Moondog was an NBA All-Star selection in 2003 and 2004. His first appearance was on November 5, 2003. Sir C.C., a swashbuckler character, debuted during a game on November 27, 2010.[46] During the 1990s and early 2000s, the Cavs had a polar bear mascot named Whammer, who was introduced November 9, 1995. He still makes occasional appearances throughout the season at Cavaliers games.