document_title: List of Disney's Cinderella characters

question_text: what is the fat mouses name in cinderella

question_tokens: what is the fat mouses name in cinderella

text: List of Disney's Cinderella characters

text: Cinderella[edit]

text:
CinderellaFirst appearance
Cinderella (1950)Created by
Marc DavisEric LarsonLes ClarkPortrayed by
Lily James (2015 film)Brandy Norwood (1997 film)Voiced by
Ilene Woods (in Cinderella)  Jennifer Hale (in sequels)

text: Cinderella is a young woman with medium-length blonde hair, blue eyes and fair complexion. There are many different stories about her from different states and countries.

text: After her father dies, she is forced into servitude in her own home and is constantly tormented by her evil stepmother, Lady Tremaine, and two stepsisters, Anastasia and Drizella. Despite this, she maintains hope through her dreams and remains a kind, gentle and sweet person. She has faith that someday her dreams of happiness will come true and her kindness will be repaid. Cinderella is shown to have a down-to-earth attitude, but she is also a daydreamer. For example, in "Sing Sweet Nightingale", she becomes distracted with the bubbles, allowing Lucifer the cat to smudge the floor she was cleaning. Also, after hearing that the Grand Duke is traveling the kingdom with the missing slipper, she dreamily dances back to the attic humming the song she heard at the ball. She is also shown to have a sarcastic side and a sharp wit.

text: With the help of her animal friends, she fixes up an old dress of her mother's so she can attend a royal ball. However, when her evil stepsisters brutally tear the dress apart, she is heartbroken and fears that her dreams will never come true.

text:
However, her Fairy Godmother appears, restoring Cinderella's hope by transforming her torn homemade gown into her now-iconic powder blue ball gown with a glittering puffed over-skirt, a delicate laced white petticoat and puffy sleeves. She wears her hair in a French twist supported by a powder blue headband and her accessories include powder blue opera gloves, a black choker, and glass slippers.
As a servant, she wears her hair down in a ponytail, sometimes supported by a white scarf and wears a brown dress with a powder blue blouse, a white apron, and black flats.

text: She was voiced by Ilene Woods in the original film and later Jennifer Hale in the sequels.

text: In the 2015 live-action film, Ella was the character's original name, Cinderella was instead a spiteful nickname given by the stepsisters to Ella after she slept near the fireplace and subsequently covered by cinder (ash). In the film, Eloise Webb portrayed the 10-year old Ella in the prologue, with Lily James portrayed the older Ella.

text: Jaq and Gus[edit]

text:
Jaq (Jacques)First appearance
Cinderella (1950)Created by
Ward KimballJohn LounsberyVoiced by
Jimmy MacDonald (in Cinderella)  Rob Paulsen (in sequels)Aliases
Jaq-Jaq

text:
Gus (Octavius)First appearance
Cinderella (1950)Created by
Ward KimballJohn LounsberyVoiced by
Jimmy MacDonald (in Cinderella)  Corey Burton (in sequels)

text: Jaq (real name Jacques) and Gus (real name Octavius) are two mice who serve as Cinderella's sidekicks. Gus has a penchant for cheese.

text: In the first film, Cinderella rescues the mice from traps and the cat Lucifer and dresses and feeds them. They perform many favors in return. Jaq seems to be one of the leaders of the mice, planning strategies to avoid the cat, sneak food, and help Cinderella with her ball gown. The other mice gladly follow his lead. Jaq is thin, with scruffy hair, and speaks a fast kind of pidgin English. Gus appears in the first scene of the film, trapped shivering in a cage where Jaq finds him and brings Cinderella to rescue him. Cinderella names him "Octavius," and calls him "Gus" for short. This is an example of an inside joke among the writers and (some) viewers of the movie. Gus is actually short for Augustus. In ancient Rome, Octavius was renamed Augustus when he became Caesar. Hence Octavius - Augustus - Gus. Jaq explains the situation to Gus, that Cinderella wants to help him, and Gus catches on and joins the mouse troop. Gus has a large belly that pokes out of his yellow shirt and seems to be a bit slow on the pickup, but brave in a pinch, and speaks even more broken English than Jaq, who calls him "Gus-Gus".

text: Jaq and Gus are two of four mice that the Fairy Godmother transforms into horses so that Cinderella can attend the ball, but at the stroke of midnight, they are transformed back into mice. Later, Jaq and Gus are responsible for stealing the key to Cinderella's room from the wicked stepmother, Lady Tremaine, and freeing Cinderella to try on the glass slipper, which of course fits. While trying to steal the key, Jaq is stuck in Lady Tremaine's pocket and gets knocked around as she pats the key. Gus gets trapped in a tea cup and Lady Tremaine offers some tea to the Duke, with Gus inside. She begins to pour tea into the cup and it drops towards Gus's large belly. Gus sucks in his belly to survive, trembling and sweating, but in a moment the Duke says he wants none, the tea lifts, and Gus is safe (though he gets his butt burnt by the tea later when they get the key). They are last seen in the film in tiny palace uniforms, eating and waving at the wedding of Cinderella and Prince Charming.

text: In Cinderella II: Dreams Come True, Gus and Jaq were also present, living in the castle along with all the other mice. It was Gus' idea to make the new book of stories to replace the old one. In Cinderella's Story, Jaq and Gus helped Cinderella to prepare for the ball and gave her support when she doubted her abilities. In Jaq's Story, Jaq, feeling useless, wishes that he were a human; Fairy Godmother grants this wish and Jaq tries to help Cinderella and the others prepare for the fair until he realizes he liked being a mouse better and returns to normal. In Anastasia's Story, they attempt to help their old nemesis Lucifer win the affections of a snobby female cat named Pom Pom (the mice's, and probably Bruno's, new nemesis) in the castle in the hopes the cats will then leave the mice alone.

text: In Cinderella III: A Twist in Time, Gus and Jaq make their opening appearance helping the fairy godmother prepare for the prince and Cinderella's anniversary party. After Lady Tremaine reversed time and made the slipper fit Anastasia's foot, they helped Cinderella search for the prince, (wreaking havoc in the palace kitchen in the process). They discover Lady Tremaine's use of dark magic by witnessing her cast a spell on the prince to forget Cinderella (and think that he danced with Anastasia). In a plan to steal the wand back, they succeed in taking the wand from Lady Tremaine, but she has Cinderella arrested with a banishment sentence before she can lift the spell on the prince. Gus and Jaq manage to convince the prince that Cinderella is the right girl through a catchy showtune, "At the Ball". They later help Cinderella put on her wedding gown, but the three are magically sent away by Lady Tremaine, who assigns Lucifer the cat to drive them in a pumpkin carriage over a cliff. After they narrowly escape their deaths, Cinderella, Jaq, and Gus return to the palace where the mice attack the entrance guards to let Cinderella through to the wedding. The mice are last seen in Cinderella III during the closing credits in a picture with a very decorated king, one with them stuffed with cheese, Gus in a rather sophisticated uniform, and the final picture in a photo booth style series with Cinderella, the prince, and the two mice.

text: Jaq and Gus also appeared in the Grandma Duck comics in Walt Disney's Comics and Stories where they live with Grandma Duck and her grandnephew Gus Goose. At some time before then, they crossed paths with Donald Duck and Daisy Duck. They appeared in one Mickey Mouse comic strip adventure titled Mousepotamia where they appear to be the same size as Mickey rather than standard mouse size.

text: Jaq appears in Kingdom Hearts Birth by Sleep for the PSP, and was one of the first new confirmed characters, while Gus is absent. He finds Ventus, shrunk down to 3 in (10 cm) by the Fairy Godmother, placed in a mousetrap, and helps free him, marking the beginning of their friendship. Ventus later helps him gather the necessary materials for Cinderella's dress, and despite a fight between Ventus and Lucifer, they succeed. Later on, while Cinderella is locked in her room by Lady Tremaine, Jaq attempts to get the key to her room up the stairs and is protected by Aqua when the Unversed ambush him. Jaq succeeds and the slipper fits Cinderella perfectly. In the original film they were both voiced by Jimmy MacDonald; in the sequels, Jaq is voiced by Rob Paulsen and Gus is voiced by Corey Burton.

text: In the 2015 remake, Jaq is changed to a doe (female mouse) named Jacqueline; Gus remains male but is referred to as Gus-Gus.

text: Lady Tremaine[edit]

text:
Lady TremaineFirst appearance
Cinderella (1950)Created by
Frank ThomasPortrayed by
Cate Blanchett (2015 film)Voiced by

Susanne Blakeslee (2002-present)
Eleanor Audley (1950 film)
Based on
The Wicked Stepmother from Charles Perrault's fairy taleInformationNickname(s)
Madame TremaineOccupation
SocialiteAffiliation
Disney villainsTitle
The Wicked StepmotherSpouse(s)
Cinderella's father (deceased)Sir Francis Tremaine (deceased)

text: Lady Tremaine (also known as the Wicked Stepmother or Cinderella's stepmother) is the main antagonist of the franchise. She is based on the original character from the Cinderella fairy tale created by Charles Perrault. Animators Ollie Johnston and Frank Thomas, in their book The Disney Villain, describe animating Audley's voice as "a difficult assignment but a thrilling one, working to that voice track with so much innuendo mixed in with the fierce power." In contrast to the broad treatment given to some of the other characters, Lady Tremaine was animated in malevolent and subtle realism.[1]

text: A cruel, cold, and calculating tyrant, Lady Tremaine wants nothing more than her daughters to succeed. Unlike most Disney villains, who sport fiery personalities and desire power and the spotlight, she possesses a more cunning, subtle, passive-aggressive personality with a shrewd intelligence and ability for manipulation, particularly towards her daughters. She rarely yells, speaking in a calm, collected voice, even when angered. She wishes her daughters to succeed so that she may reap the benefits when it best suits her.

text: She is introduced in the prologue of the film. Cinderella's father, a widower anxious for his daughter to have a mother figure, married Lady Tremaine, who is described as "a woman of good family". She was a widow herself, with two daughters from her first marriage. After an unspecified amount of time living happily together as a family, Cinderella's father tragically died and Lady Tremaine revealed her true colors. She lets the chateau fall into disrepair while pampering her own selfishly spoiled daughters and forcing Cinderella to become a maid in her own home. Lady Tremaine allows Cinderella to attend the Royal Ball, on the condition that Cinderella finishes all her chores and finds a suitable dress. When Cinderella actually finishes her work and appears ready for the Ball in a suitable dress, Lady Tremaine mildly mentions the beads and sash that Jaq and Gus found after Anastasia and Drizella threw them out. Enraged, her daughters cruelly tear apart Cinderella's dress, leaving her unable to attend the ball. When Cinderella, with the help of a Fairy Godmother, nevertheless attends the ball, her stepfamily does not recognize her, but Lady Tremaine notes a familiarity about her appearance as she dances with Prince Charming.

text: News promptly arrives by way of a Royal Proclamation that the Prince will marry the girl whose foot fits the glass slipper accidentally left behind by Cinderella at the ball. Lady Tremaine overhears Cinderella dreamily humming the song "So This is Love" as she heads to the attic, and realizes that she was the mysterious girl at the ball. Hoping to pass off one of her daughters as the mysterious girl, Lady Tremaine follows Cinderella up to the attic and locks her in her room, putting the key in her pocket. However, two of Cinderella's mice friends, Gus and Jaq, steal the key from the stepmother's pocket (after Lady Tremaine almost boils Gus in a tea cup) and succeed in returning the key to Cinderella, who rushes downstairs to the Grand Duke just as he and the footman are about to leave. Lady Tremaine attempts to convince the Duke that Cinderella is merely a lowly scullery maid who did not even attend the ball. But the Duke, who is required by the King's Royal Proclamation not to skip a single maiden in the kingdom on his quest for the mysterious girl the Prince danced with, solemnly rebuffs Lady Tremaine. The Duke also finds Cinderella strikingly familiar to him. He proceeds to try the glass slipper on Cinderella. In a last-ditch effort to foil Cinderella's dreams, Lady Tremaine trips the footman bearing the glass slipper, causing it to smash. She deviously grins with wicked satisfaction as the Duke wails in despair and fear of the King's reaction when he finds out that the slipper was broken. But Cinderella still manages to come out on top by revealing that she has the other slipper, and that it fits her foot, proving that she is the girl who danced with Prince Charming, much to her stepmother's appalled horror.

text: She made her second appearance in the direct-to-video sequel Cinderella II: Dreams Come True, this time voiced by Susanne Blakeslee. In this film, she only appeared in the An Uncommon Romance segment, where Anastasia has to go against her mother for the first time. A likable, slightly plump humble baker falls in love with Anastasia, as does she with him. Lady Tremaine and Drizella do everything they can to thwart this romance, but Cinderella encourages Anastasia to follow her own heart (which she does).

text: Her latest animated appearance was in the second direct-to-video Cinderella sequel, Cinderella III: A Twist in Time, again voiced by Blakeslee, wherein she resumes her role as the pivotal antagonist. This time, she acquires the Fairy Godmother's magic wand after Anastasia finds it. Lady Tremaine, strangely still bent on ruining Cinderella's life (in what she believes to be revenge) then uses the wand to reverse time to undo Cinderella's "happily ever after"; she manipulates the glass slipper to fit Anastasia so that Cinderella never gets to try on the slipper herself, then she brainwashes the Prince into forgetting Cinderella and marrying Anastasia. When Cinderella tries to set things right, Lady Tremaine thwarts her efforts, aided by the magic wand. Ultimately, Anastasia is her mother's undoing; feeling guilty about marrying someone she does not love and who does not love her, she rejects the Prince at the altar, to Cinderella's amazement. Furious, Lady Tremaine tries to turn Cinderella and Anastasia into toads, but the Prince defends the two from the spell and reflects it back with his sword, turning Lady Tremaine and Drizella into toads instead. Anastasia then gives the magic wand to Cinderella so that she can undo all the wrongs that had been committed. During the end credits, Lady Tremaine and Drizella have been restored, but are wearing scullery clothes identical to those Cinderella used to wear, implying that they will be working in the palace as servants as their punishment.

text: Aside from the films, Lady Tremaine has also made various appearances on the Disney Channel series House of Mouse; she frequently shares a table with another famous wicked stepmother, Queen Grimhilde from Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs. Again, in these appearances, she is voiced by Susan Blakeslee. She also makes an appearance in the Who Framed Roger Rabbit Special Edition DVD in one of the menus.

text: She appears in Kingdom Hearts Birth by Sleep, along with Anastasia and Drizella. In the game, she is much crueler and is even hinted to be a sadist. She plays out the same role as in the film, only this time, the extreme darkness in her heart creates two Unversed, fuelled by her hatred of Cinderella. Aqua makes note of this as she passes Lady Tremaine, and later goes to the Tremaines' chateau to assassinate her and her daughters before their darkness kills anyone, but the Fairy Godmother stops her, advising her that Light and Darkness must co-exist. After the slipper fits Cinderella, Lady Tremaine gives into her fury once again and her negativity transforms Cinderella's pumpkin coach into a giant Unversed, the Cursed Coach, who is then sent to murder the now-freed Cinderella. When Aqua jumps in and rescues Cinderella, the Cursed Coach accidentally drops a fire bomb in front of Lady Tremaine and her daughters, which explodes and leaves their fate unknown.

text: She is voiced by Eleanor Audley in the original film, and by Susan Blakeslee in subsequent appearances.

text: In the 2015 live-action version, Lady Tremaine was portrayed by Cate Blanchett. A woman of grace and refinement, she married Ella's father for the sake of her daughters; shortly after her first husband, Sir Francis Tremaine, died. At first, Lady Tremaine did not seem to bear any particular animosity towards Ella, but her jealousy and spite was incited after overhearing a private conversation in which it was confirmed that her second husband loved his biological daughter more than he did her, and that he still cherished the memory of his first wife. After he died while on a business trip, Lady Tremaine was hurt and jealous that his dying words had only been of Ella and her mother. Revealing her true colors, she takes her jealousy out on Ella, firing all of the servants and forcing Ella to take up most of their duties. She even joins in her daughters' childish taunting of Ella, and mocks her as "Cinderella". When she and her daughters are getting ready to go to the ball, Ella comes downstairs at the last minute, wearing a gown of her mother's. Lady Tremaine rips one of the sleeves and encourages her daughters to help her tear the dress apart. At the ball, she is as mystified as all the other guests when a mysterious girl in a blue gown enraptures Kit (the Fairy Godmother having cast an additional spell to prevent Ella's step-family recognizing her), but realizes that it's really Ella based on her attitude after the ball. The next morning, she discovers a glass slipper hidden in the attic. Knowing that the other slipper will fit Ella, she demands that Ella make her the head of the royal household and to ensure that Drisella and Anastasia find proper husbands. Ella rejects this out of hand, telling her that she isn't about to let Kit fall into her stepmother's clutches after she failed to protect her father. An enraged Lady Tremaine locks Ella in the attic. She then blackmails the Grand Duke into ensuring that she will become a countess, in return for keeping the secret so that Kit can be married to a princess from another kingdom, as his father had originally intended. When the Captain finds Ella hidden in the attic, Lady Tremaine initially tells the Captain that as her mother, she will not allow Ella to try it on. Ella curtly tells her that she is not, nor will she ever will be, her mother. Ella leaves with Kit after forgiving her stepmother. The Tremaines leave the kingdom with the Grand Duke, never to return.

text: In Disney Descendants: Isle of the Lost (novel), Lady Tremaine obtains a grandson, Anthony, by one of her children and several granddaughters (referred to as the step-granddaughters) and teaches "Evil 101" on the Isle of the Lost. Lady Tremaine has a voice cameo in the sequel Descendants 2 as she yells at her granddaughter Dizzy to be quiet, but the actress that voiced her was uncredited.

text: Anastasia Tremaine[edit]

text:
Anastasia TremaineFirst appearance
Cinderella (1950)Created by
Ollie JohnstonPortrayed by
Holliday Grainger (2015 film)Voiced by
Lucille Bliss (original film)  Tress MacNeille (sequels, current)  Lesli Margherita (singing voice in sequels)Family
Lady Tremaine (mother)  Drizella Tremaine (sister)  Cinderella (step-sister)  Prince Charming (step-brother-in-law) The Baker (husband)Children
Anthony Tremaine (son; in Descendants only)

text: Anastasia Tremaine is the redheaded younger daughter of Lady Tremaine.[2] Though following the original story's depiction of the ugly and cruel stepsister in the first film, Anastasia becomes a more sympathetic character in later Disney sequels, depicted as struggling to find genuine love and follow her conscience despite her mother and sister's negative influence and scheming. Pat Williams, James Denney, and Jim Denney report that actress "Lucille Bliss was the voice of Cinderella's stepsister, Anastasia, an experience that remains one of her fondest memories." The actress explains, "I was just a teenager when I got the part...I read that Walt had personally selected me for the part of Anastasia."[3]

text: In Cinderella, Anastasia is demanding and whiny, but not as bad as Drizella. Anastasia also has enormous feet. During their music lesson, Anastasia plays the flute as Drizella sings but in the sequels she has a beautiful singing voice. Anastasia quarrels with her sister often, though they are united in their jealousy of and contempt for Cinderella. Anastasia's most common dress attire is a pink dress with fuchsia bodice with a lighter pink skirt and fuchsia slippers which she wears with  white collar and petticoat. and a sunny coloured hair bow and wears pink bloomers underneath. Her hair is tied to sausage curls longer than Drizella's, flowing on her shoulders. Her ball dress is lavender and has a purple bustle, a violet bodice, choker and slippers  and wears a green feather on her head instead of her gold headpiece and her curls are shorter than before. However, unlike Drizella, Anastasia's hair style changes throughout the film. In the very beginning, her hair is much shorter and the ringlets are tied back behind her head. When she sleeps and is preparing for the ball, Anastasia's hair is put into a bun. During the first film, she was seen as physically ugly, however in the sequels, she blossomed into a more beautiful young woman as her inner goodness developed.

text: In Cinderella II, Anastasia is portrayed as a more sympathetic character, following the latter-day tradition of setting a stepsister on a redemptive path. She falls in love with a working-class baker and wants to get close to him, but her mother refuses to allow her to because of her own prejudices towards the baker's social standing. Cinderella reassures Anastasia that the baker is a good man, regardless of what Lady Tremaine thinks, and encourages Anastasia to follow her heart. With the help of Cinderella, Anastasia gets a make-over and becomes more beautiful, although her new looks never approach the same level as Cinderella. With help from Cinderella and her animal friends, Anastasia and the baker are reunited and reconciled, they attend Cinderella's ball, where Anastasia thanks her for her help.

text: In Cinderella III: A Twist in Time, Anastasia is shown not only to have compassion for Cinderella, but to also have a conscience. She unintentionally gains access to Cinderella's fairy godmother's wand, which sets in motion her mother's nefarious plot to destroy Cinderella's "happily ever after" and gain access to an opulent lifestyle at the palace. As she is manipulated into marrying the Prince as a means to fulfill her mother and sister's selfish desires, Anastasia begins to feel remorse and guilt. At the altar, realizing she does not truly love the Prince and having understood what true love really means after she talked with the King, Anastasia refuses to marry him and steps aside for Cinderella, to her amazement. After a tense standoff with Lady Tremaine and Drizella, where Cinderella protects Anastasia for her honesty, and the two evil ladies were turned in toads after the spell went against them, Anastasia acquires the wand, sets everything right and makes peace with Cinderella, who subsequently invites her to stay in the castle to be her Lady-in-waiting which she happily accepts. This repentant act excludes her from the punishment that is seen to befall her mother and sister as Cinderella believes that Anastasia only tried to go through with Lady Tremaine's plot because she was also emotionally abused and manipulated by her mother and she truly still had a kind heart in the end; at the close of the film, they have been reduced to working as servants at the palace. During the credits, a picture shows Anastasia sitting in the palace garden while gazing happily at the baker with whom she fell in love in the second film.

text: Over the films she gradually becomes less 'ugly' and more snub-nosed, chubby-faced, 'sweet', although never approaching Cinderella's beauty, becoming 'plain' instead of downright 'ugly'. This is partly because she smiles more and partly due to the animators' efforts.

text: Variety asserts that "stepsister Anastasia is appreciably more sympathetic" in Cinderella III.[4]  At Walt Disney World during the Cinderella's Gala Feast attraction, Julie and Mike Neal declare that "everyone will love Anastasia and Drizella, Cinderella's evil stepsisters, who wander the room with Lady Tremaine..."[5]

text: She appears in Kingdom Hearts: Birth by Sleep in her homeworld, Castle of Dreams, with her family, playing out the same role as in the original film, except for the strong darkness in her heart nearly causing her to sadistically murder Cinderella before the Cursed Coach drops a bomb on her and her blood family, leaving their fate unknown.

text: A 2015 live-action version of Cinderella featured Anastasia in the same role as the classic story. She was portrayed by Holliday Grainger. Like her mother and sister, she left the kingdom with the Grand Duke never to return.

text: Drizella Tremaine[edit]

text:
Drizella TremaineFirst appearance
Cinderella (1950)Created by
Ollie JohnstonPortrayed by
Sophie McShera (2015 film)Voiced by
Rhoda Williams (original film)  Russi Taylor (sequels, current)Family
Lady Tremaine (mother)  Anastasia Tremaine (sister)  Cinderella (step-sister)  Prince Charming (step-brother-in-law)Children
Dizzy Tremaine (daughter; in Descendants 2 only)

text: Drizella Tremaine is the brown-haired older daughter of Lady Tremaine.[6] Her name is commonly misspelled as "Drusilla". Her name is spelled "Drisella" in the 2015 Disney Cinderella film. Drizella appears in various novels and other publications.[7][8][9][10]

text: Drizella's common dress is a sunny yellow dress with a pale yellow bodice and slippers and has center-parted hair ending in short sausage curls on the back, and a bright blue bow in her hair. For the palace ball, she wears a pale green gown with aqua bustle, pale green sleeves, and a jade green bodice, choker, and slippers and a second jade green bustle under the aqua one and wears a turquoise feather instead of a bow in her hair. In her second movie, her ribbon changes to pale blue. After her downfall she is reduced to wearing a maid servant's frock. In live appearances, and in many book illustrations, Drizella wears a dress similar to that shown for the palace ball in the first film and wears green slippers and green bloomers underneath. Like her sister, Drizella has enormous feet.

text: She is portrayed as haughty, abusive, and sadistically cruel. She sets so many bad examples of spitefulness towards Cinderella for her younger sister to follow, that between them Anastasia's the better of the two. Highly unorganized, and, in the Kingdom Hearts series, murderous, she is contemptuously envious of Cinderella's success and beauty and often gets her into trouble. Unlike her younger sister Anastasia, who changes her spiteful ways and develops into a kind and good-natured woman, Drizella remains mean-spirited and cruel, and never overcomes her hatred of Cinderella. She is also depicted as having slovenly eating habits in the third movie, where she samples the food and the wedding cake being prepared for her sister's wedding by shoving handfuls of it into her face and eating them noisily. In the sequels, though not in the original film, Drizella is essentially a younger version of her mother.

text: Drizella and her mother constantly plot to ruin Cinderella and have no qualms about hurting her feelings. Lady Tremaine is well aware of her older daughter's harsh and cold-hearted – and even violent – mannerisms, and can trigger Drizella's anger with a mere handful of casually delivered words. In a particularly distressing scene in the original film, as Lady Tremaine and her daughters prepare to leave for the Prince's ball, Cinderella appears wearing her beautiful homemade gown. Lady Tremaine notes that Cinderella is wearing beads that belonged to Drizella, who rejected them on the claims she was sick of the sight of them. After Lady Tremaine casually points out to Drizella that the beads add a charming touch to the dress, Drizella flies into a rage and yanks the beads from Cinderella's neck, and along with Anastasia, lunges upon her stepsister and tears her gown to rags, leaving Cinderella devastated.

text: Later on throughout the series, Drizella turns on Anastasia and torments her, being able to physically intimidate her. Although she seems to be awed by her during the story An Uncommon Romance, after Anastasia openly rebelled against their overbearing mother and told her she was in love with a baker of low-birth and that she was happier with him than she would ever be with the wealthy suitor Lady Tremaine had hoped she would encounter at another palace ball. Angered, Lady Tremaine stormed off, leaving Drizella stunned, though she sided with her mother and returned home with her.

text: Unlike Anastasia, who eventually liberates herself from her mother's domination, Drizella obeys her mother's every order and schemes with her to undermine her hated stepsister, Cinderella, though they are foiled by Anastasia and as punishment, they are removed of their wealth and status and are reduced to working as scullery maids in Cinderella's palace.

text: Like her mother and sister, she appears in Kingdom Hearts: Birth by Sleep, playing the same role as in the original film. However, unlike in the films, she is very sadistic and is willing to murder Cinderella to prevent her from ever getting her happiness, and nearly succeeds with the Cursed Coach. However, Aqua manages to save her, and Drizella is hit by a firebomb alongside her mother and sister. It is unknown whether they died or were turned into Heartless.

text: She was voiced by Rhoda Williams in the original film and by Russi Taylor in the sequels.

text: In the 2015 live-action version of Cinderella, the "z" in Drizella was replaced by an "s" to reflect the British stereotype. Drisella was portrayed by Sophie McShera. Like her mother and sister, Drizella left the kingdom with the Grand Duke never to return.

text: While Drizella does not appear in Descendants 2, the film does feature her daughter, Dizzy, who is a hair stylist on the Isle of the Lost who helps Mal regain her familiar purple hair when she leaves Auradon. After the threat posed by Uma has been dealt with, Evie and Mal ask that Dizzy be the next 'villain kid' to be released from the Isle, with Dizzy expressing great enthusiasm for the offer.

text: Prince Charming[edit]

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text:
Prince CharmingFirst appearance
Cinderella (1950)Created by
Milt KahlPortrayed by
Richard Madden (2015 film)Voiced by
William Phipps (Cinderella)  Mike Douglas (singing in Cinderella)  Christopher Daniel Barnes (sequels)  Matt Nolan (Kingdom Hearts Birth by Sleep)

text: Prince Charming is Cinderella's love interest. He is a dark-haired, tall, and handsome young man. In the first film, he has no given name. It should be noted that Cinderella's prince is never actually identified in the film as "Prince Charming", nor is there any clear reason why he has come to be known by that title in the Disney vernacular. The only media where he is referred to as "Prince Charming" as of today is Kingdom Hearts Birth by Sleep and the attraction Prince Charming Regal Carrousel.

text: Determined to see grandchildren, the King organizes a ball for Prince Charming in an effort to cause his son to fall in love and marry, with every eligible maiden in the kingdom ordered to attend. At the ball, Prince Charming rejects every girl, until he sees Cinderella, with whom he is immediately smitten in love. The two dance throughout the castle grounds until the clock starts to chime midnight and Cinderella flees away from the castle, accidentally dropping one of her glass slippers. Prince Charming picks up the glass slipper and the next day a royal proclamation is issued, stating the Grand Duke will visit every house in the kingdom to find the girl who fits the glass slipper, so that she can be married to Prince Charming. After the slipper perfectly fits onto Cinderella's foot, Prince Charming marries her.

text: Prince Charming has little involvement in the sequel, Cinderella II: Dreams Come True. In the third film, Cinderella III: A Twist in Time, while Prince Charming and Cinderella are celebrating the first anniversary of their wedding, Lady Tremaine gets possession of the Fairy Godmother's wand and reverses time, going back to the moment of the Duke's arrival at her manor with the glass slipper. Lady Tremaine then uses the wand to fit the slipper onto Anastasia's foot and make her marry Prince Charming. When he sees Anastasia, he is about to dismiss but Lady Tremaine uses the wand to make him forget about Cinderella completely and to marry Anastasia. Cinderella is later caught trying to get the wand from her stepmother, but she manages to touch Prince Charming's hand, and the connection they both feel confuses him. Prince Charming is then addressed by Gus and Jaq who confront him with their side of the story, using the other mended glass slipper as evidence. Prince Charming, although he still cannot remember her, believes the mice's tale and sets out to retrieve Cinderella before she sails off under Lady Tremaine's orders. The two lovers are reunited and get prepared for the wedding, but Lady Tremaine makes Anastasia to look exactly like Cinderella to take the real Cinderella's place during the wedding. When Anastasia hesitates during the wedding and says "I don't", Lady Tremaine aims the wand at both Cinderella and Anastasia. However, Prince Charming manages to step between them and blocks the magic with his sword, causing it to bounce back and transform Lady Tremaine and Drizella into toads. Prince Charming and Cinderella stay in this new timeline and get married again.

text: He appears in Kingdom Hearts: Birth by Sleep along with his homeworld, playing out the same role as in the film. Just after Cinderella flees the ball, he briefly mistakes Aqua for Cinderella. In a scene which was originally intended for the film but deleted, Prince Charming and Cinderella are reunited after the slipper fits Cinderella's foot perfectly, and he embraces her lovingly. In the original film, his speaking is provided by William Phipps while his singing is provided by Mike Douglas. He is later voiced by Christopher Daniel Barnes (who originally voiced Prince Eric from The Little Mermaid) in the sequels.

text: The animated movies never made mention of his real name. An official advertisement from Disney France said "The Prince's name is Henry".[11]

text: In the 2015 live-action film, the prince was named Kit (a diminutive form of either Christopher or Christian) and portrayed by Richard Madden. In the film, Prince Kit and Cinderella first met in the woods without knowing each other's true identity, and took a liking to each other, with Cinderella believing that Kit is an apprentice training under his father without recognizing him as the prince. The desire to see Cinderella again was what caused Prince Kit to open the ball to commoners, Cinderella attending to find him rather than to meet the prince (not knowing they are the same person). Prince Kit also became king in the last one-third of the film after his father died from illness.

text: Lucifer[edit]

text:
LuciferFirst appearance
Cinderella (1950)Created by
Ward KimballJohn LounsberyWolfgang ReithermanNorman FergusonVoiced by
June Foray (Cinderella)  Frank Welker (sequels–current)Gender
Male

text: Lucifer is the Tremaines' pet cat and the third antagonist of the franchise. Tonally, his existence can be justified to provide a sinister and scheming opposing counterpart to Cinderella's loyal and good-natured pet dog Bruno as well as the birds and mice who are supportive and loving friends and allies of Cinderella. He has black fur and is depicted as a sly, wicked, and manipulative mouse consumer. In a particularly conniving scene in the beginning of the original film, Lucifer tries to rid the château's pet dog Bruno outside of the kitchen Lucifer is consuming his breakfast bowl of milk in, by scratching him painfully and slyly while Cinderella's back is momentarily turned away. Bruno then growls loudly and threateningly out of infuriation and pain, and Lucifer lets out a benign and exaggerated fake shriek of pain, as if Bruno scratched him. Cinderella hears Lucifer's whining fake screech and blames Bruno, bitterly scolding him to go outside and to stop misbehaving, reasoning "we have to at least try, to get along together". Back inside the kitchen, Lucifer wears a mischievous grin of wicked satisfaction, lazily licking his milk bowl, while Cinderella reprimands him with scorn and annoyance "and that includes you too, your majesty!". He becomes very focused on catching the mice when provoked, but his attempts to catch them always end in a comical failure. First, in the first movie, that also the main antagonist, Jaq bravely makes a distraction to lure Lucifer away from the other mice's path to getting their breakfast. While returning with the mice, Gus struggles with carrying his load and easily grabs Lucifer's attention. Fortunately, and unexpectedly, Cinderella enters the room and accidentally takes Gus away on her breakfast serving platters for Lady Tremaine and her daughters. Tremaine's youngest daughter, Anastasia, is the dubious recipient of Gus, for the teacup he was hiding under was the one Cinderella served her. Lucifer knowingly puts his ear against all three of their closed doors to decipher Gus' location, and races over in delight to Anastasia's once he hears her scream of horror upon discovering the poor, frightened little mouse in her tea. Anastasia continues to scream wildly upon hastily accusing Cinderella of the perceived sabotage, and in severe distress and anguish, immediately notifies her mother, inciting an enormous frenzy, whereupon Cinderella is summoned to her stepmother's bedroom for a private talk. Lucifer slips into the room as well for a brief grooming by his malevolent owner, before she reprimands her stepdaughter with frigid ferocity. At the conclusion of this degrading and abusive private talk, after sadistically rattling off an inordinately long list of chores that Lady Tremaine is forcing Cinderella to complete, in a moment of amusing comical tongue-in-cheek, the wicked stepmother muses "and one more thing: see that Lucifer gets his bath" at which the ears of the evil feline shoot straight up in horror, and he snarls at his owners quarrelsome request with repugnant disdain, which suggests that he dislikes baths or prefers to remain filthy.

text: Lucifer's next appearance in the film is when he encounters Jaq and Gus as they attempt to retrieve a sash and necklace of beads from a laundry pile, as part of making Cinderella's dress for the ball. At the start of the scene, Jaq and Gus assume they are alone and approach the sash, initially unaware that a slumbering Lucifer is lying on top of an ottoman directly above them. Once they realize that they are in fact not alone, they attempt to sneak past their foe while carrying the sash. Unfortunately, Lucifer's impeccable hearing ability picks up suspicious movement nearby and awakes, confused and a bit cranky. Jaq and Gus' cover is eventually blown, yet they still manage to slip the sash into their mouse hole, partly thanks to Lucifer's clumsiness. With the sash successfully obtained, Jaq and Gus shift their focus towards the bead necklace. Overcome with excitement, Gus blurts out the duo's desire to take the beads along with the sash. Determined not to fail this time around, Lucifer spots the necklace and immediately sits on it, awaiting the mice's next move. Now faced with an inevitable detour, Jaq formulates a plan, much to Gus' delight and Lucifer's suspicion. Jaq then fully exposes himself and starts casually walking in Lucifer's direction. Pleased with what he thinks is a surrender, Lucifer readies his paws and prepares for his pounce, unknowingly letting Jaq sneak directly behind him. His focus is then interrupted when he turns and is shocked to hear Jaq, now amidst the laundry pile at the other side of the room, humming to himself and biting off buttons of an overcoat. Jaq does so in the hopes of luring Lucifer away from the beads, thus giving Gus time to grab them and escape. Lucifer eventually catches on to this, and initially has trouble deciding on whether he should pursue Jaq or protect the necklace from Gus, standing by at the mouse hole. Lucifer ultimately figures out a way to accomplish both tasks and uses his tail to keep the necklace close to him as he moves towards Jaq. By the time Lucifer reaches Jaq, the witty little mouse launches a button that does no more than leave an imprint on the annoyed feline's nose. Shifting his attention completely on Jaq, Lucifer pounces on the pest and chases him into the heap of laundry, mainly into a light-blue nightgown. Finally sensing an opening, Gus makes his way to the necklace and struggles to get a grip on it. After a few more seconds of chasing, Lucifer temporarily emerges from the gown and examines it, attempting to get a better idea of where Jaq might be. Ironically, Jaq has hid himself in Lucifer's thick fur atop his head, using this pause to check on Gus. The portly mouse seems to be successfully making his way back to the mouse hole, but then suddenly slips on a bead, loses his footing, and slams into the far side wall, breaking the necklace into its several beads. Lucifer's attention briefly turns to the sudden disturbance, only to have Jaq intervene by keeping his eyes closed. Lucifer then tries to grab the intruder on his head, learns that the intruder was Jaq, and ultimately chases him back into the nightgown again. During this struggle, Gus begins picking up the beads, one by one, and placing them into his hat. The struggle in the laundry pile reaches its end, this time by Jaq making an escape out of one the nightgown's sleeves, with Lucifer close behind. Being evidently far too large for such a small exit, the cat only manages to poke his head out of the sleeve, as Jaq rushes to Gus' aid. Enraged by the trap he has been put in, Lucifer uses all the limited mobility he has and slithers across the floor towards the mice. Jaq tries speeding up the process of picking up the beads by stringing them to Gus' tail, hoping to gather them all before time runs out. Gus barely manages to grab the last bead before Lucifer reaches him and attempts to bite on him. The two mice narrowly escape back through the mouse hole, leaving Lucifer temporarily trapped in the nightgown, dazed and confused after slamming his face against the now closed hole as part of an unsuccessful last pounce.

text: At the film's climax, he attempts to catch Jaq and Gus while they try to free Cinderella from her locked room, but Cinderella's dog, Bruno (a friend of the mice and enemy to Lucifer) intervenes and scares Lucifer so much that he jumps out of the tower's window. This is the last see of Lucifer in the film, but the sequels reveal that he survived the fall, due to cats always landing on their feet.

text: Lucifer appears in the two sequels. In Cinderella II: Dreams Come True, the second film, he only appears in the third and final segment, An Uncommon Romance, where he falls in love with the snobby palace cat, Pom Pom, to the point that he makes a deal with the mice never to chase them again if they help him reconcile with Pom Pom. The plan works, but Pom Pom goads Lucifer into helping her catch and eat the mice. His treachery backfires, and Pom Pom dumps him.

text: In Cinderella III: A Twist in Time, the third film, after Lady Tremaine reverses time with the Fairy Godmother's wand, Lucifer resumes his role as adversary to both Cinderella and the mice. In his most notable scene, Lady Tremaine turns him into a human coachman to take Cinderella and the mice as far away from the palace as he can, but during the chase, Lucifer falls off the coach into a small pond, where he turns back into a cat and is left stranded in the woods.

text: Lucifer appears in Kingdom Hearts Birth by Sleep, as a boss character in Ven's scenario, in which he attempts to stop Jaq and Ventus from gathering the necessary materials for Cinderella's dress. Despite having been shrunk to the size of a mouse, Ventus valiantly engages Lucifer in a brutal battle which Ventus wins. Frightened, Lucifer runs off.

text: He is voiced by June Foray in the original film and by Frank Welker in its sequels.

text: The Fairy Godmother[edit]

text:
Fairy GodmotherFirst appearance
Cinderella (1950)Created by
Milt KahlPortrayed by
Helena Bonham Carter (2015 film)Melanie Paxson (Descendants)Voiced by
Verna Felton (Cinderella)  Russi Taylor (sequels)Species
FairyChildren
Jane (daughter; in Descendants and Descendants 2 only)

text: The Fairy Godmother first appears in the film after Cinderella's stepsisters tear her gown to shreds before Prince Charming's ball. She appears in the garden, and greatly transforms her appearance for the ball. She transforms the mice into horses, Bruno the dog into a footman, Major the horse into a coachman, a pumpkin into a white coach, and transforms her torn dress into a beautiful silvery-blue dress with comfortable glass slippers. Cinderella departs for the ball after the Fairy Godmother warns her that the spell will expire at the stroke of midnight. With her work done, she vanishes into thin air.

text:
Cinderella II: Dreams Come True begins with the Fairy Godmother reading the story of Cinderella to the animals until Gus and Jaq arrive. The three of them set off to make a new book to narrate what happens after the "Happily Ever After" by stringing the three segments of the film together into one narrative. During one of the segments, the Fairy Godmother turns Jaq into a human six times taller than his height so that he can help Cinderella in the palace.
In Cinderella III: A Twist in Time, the Fairy Godmother's powerful magic wand is stolen by Anastasia, who accidentally turns her into a stone statue, and her wand is misused by the venomously evil Lady Termaine. The Fairy Godmother is turned back to her normal form at the end of the film. She offers to return Cinderella and Prince Charming to their former lives, but allows the two lovers be live happily ever after...again.

text: The Fairy Godmother also appears in the Kingdom Hearts series. After the destruction of her world, Castle of Dreams, by Maleficent, she manages to safely escape. She lives in Traverse Town with Merlin, and every time Sora gives her summon gem, she restores that being's spirit, allowing Sora to summon them in battle. She eventually gives Donald Duck the Lord Fortune staff. She also appears in Kingdom Hearts Birth by Sleep in her own world, reprising the same role as in the film and also shrinking Ventus and Aqua to the size of mice in order to avoid Lady Tremaine spotting them.

text: The Fairy Godmother is one of the many guests in Disney's House of Mouse. She also is the host in the Magic, Music and Mayhem live show. She was voiced by Verna Felton in the first film and its sequels voiced by Russi Taylor.

text: In Italian dub the fairy is called Smemorina, for the scene in first film where she didn't find her magic wand.

text: She is portrayed by Helena Bonham Carter in the 2015 remake live-action version of the original Disney movie, and also serves as the narrator of the story. As well as casting the spells to create Cinderella's coach, gown, and slippers, she also casts a quick spell to prevent Cinderella's step-family from recognizing her at the ball.

text: Other minor characters[edit]

text:
The King: Prince Charming's father who desperately wants his son to marry and have children because he wants to see his grandchildren before he dies as shown in the first film. In the second film, he appears a few times in the first and second segments. In the third film, he reveals to Anastasia that his queen died in a house fire (who's seen only as a painting) was not a good dancer and gives the stepsister his most precious possession: the seashell that he and the queen touched together for the first time. He was voiced by Luis Van Rooten in the first film and by Andre Stojka in the sequels. Derek Jacobi played the character in the 2015 live-action film, where he becomes ill and dies in the movie, although he has a brief conversation with Cinderella at the ball that inspires him to accept her as Kit's wife despite his initial plans for Kit to marry a true princess.
The Grand Duke: The King's right-hand man who organized the ball for Prince Charming to meet and marry a woman. He later visited the Tremaine manor to find the glass slipper's owner. He appears a few times in the second film, more than the King. In the third film, the Grand Duke is responsible for organizing the wedding between Prince Charming and Anastasia. The Grand Duke also appears in Kingdom Hearts Birth by Sleep, playing out the same role as in the film with some differences. He was voiced by Luis Van Rooten (who also voiced the King in the original film) in the first film and by Rob Paulsen in the sequels. Stellan Skarsgård plays him in the 2015 live-action film, in which he played a supporting role to the Prince and Cinderella. Unlike the original film, he played a more antagonistic role by consorting with Cinderella's evil stepmother Lady Tremaine. By the end of the film, the Grand Duke alongside Lady Tremaine and her family leave the kingdom never to return.
Bruno: A Bloodhound who is Cinderella's pet dog, a friend of the mice, and enemy to Lucifer. He is transformed into a footman by the Fairy Godmother so that Cinderella can attend the ball in the first film. Bruno plays an important role in foiling Lucifer at the climax of the first film that allows Jaq to save Gus and foil Lady Tremaine. He appears again in the second film, having moved to the palace with Cinderella and her mice friends. He was voiced by Jimmy MacDonald and Earl Keen in the first film and by Frank Welker in the second film.
Major: A horse that lives with Cinderella (in the first film) and friend of the mice. He is transformed into a coachman by the Fairy Godmother so that Cinderella can attend the ball in the first film. He was possibly voiced by John Woodbury.

text: Introduced in Cinderella II: Dreams Come True[edit]

text:
Prudence: A sharp and snobbish woman who is in charge of the palace banquets and parties. She wears a dark-grey dress, and keeps her dark brown hair in a tight bun. Cinderella helps change Prudence's view on things through her improvements to the ball; she comes to trust Cinderlla's judgement as the King loves the changes. Her name is a pun about her behavior. She was voiced by Holland Taylor in both sequels.
Beatrice and Daphne: Two kind, understanding, and helpful female palace servants help Cinderella caringly with her royal-ball preparation duties, in the first segment that appears in the second film, Cinderella II: Dreams Come True. They try to comfort Cinderella, amidst the stuck-up, arrogant whims of the insufferably overbearing, burdensome, and bland Prudence, the female head servant. Beatrice is a tall, thin women with chocolate-brown eyes, who wears a blue dress, and keeps her light blonde hair in a tight bun. Daphne is shorter and stubbier with bright blue eyes, clad in a rose-pink dress, and also keeps her dark brown hair in a bun. Russi Taylor voices both characters.
Mary: A female mouse who appears in the second film, she is a close friend to Jaq and Gus and has feelings for Jaq.
Pom-Pom: A white female cat. She becomes the new nemesis of the mice within the palace after they moved into it. Appears only in the second film. In the third segment, Lucifer falls in love with her, but she shows no interest in him. With help from Jaq and the other mice, Lucifer manages to win Pom-Pom's love. After that, she notices the mice and teams up with Lucifer to eat them, the mice panic and run around the room trying to escape from the cats, Pom-Pom catches one and is about to eat him when she gets soaked by water from a jug. Blaming this on Lucifer, she drops the bouquet of fish on Lucifer (who had given it to her) and walks off, not wanting anything to do with him. She was voiced by Frank Welker in the second film.
The Baker: Appearing only in the second film, Anastasia meets him by chance in his bakery shop and they both soon swept off each other's feet. However, Lady Tremaine and Drizella disapprove of Anastasia's mutual romantic feeling for the baker. With Lady Tremaine saying the Baker and his shop are unworthy and forbids Anastasia from speaking to him. After a failed attempt to get Anastasia and the Baker to see each other again by Cinderella, the mice (including Jaq and Gus), and the birds, Cinderella decides to help Anastasia in seeing the Baker again. Once Anastasia is ready to Cinderella's ball with him. She notices him with another lady and runs away crying. The baker finds her, but Lady Tremaine and Drizella find them together again. Lady Tremaine again tries to take Anastasia away again but she stands up to her and says she will go with the baker to the ball. After this, her mother and elder sister leave. Later that night, Anastasia attends the ball and dances with the baker. He would later make a cameo appearance during the end credits of the third film, as he is shown in a painting with Anastasia.


document_title: Connective tissue

question_text: what component of connective tissue is designed for strength

root

text: Connective tissue

text: Types[edit]

text: Connective tissue can be broadly subdivided into connective tissue proper, and special connective tissue.[5][6] Connective tissue proper consists of loose connective tissue and dense connective tissue (which is further subdivided into dense regular and dense irregular connective tissues.)[7] Loose and dense connective tissue are distinguished by the ratio of ground substance to fibrous tissue. Loose connective tissue has much more ground substance and a relative lack of fibrous tissue, while the reverse is true of dense connective tissue. Dense regular connective tissue, found in structures such as tendons and ligaments, is characterized by collagen fibers arranged in an orderly parallel fashion, giving it tensile strength in one direction. Dense irregular connective tissue provides strength in multiple directions by its dense bundles of fibers arranged in all directions.

tag: p

text:
Special connective tissue consists of reticular connective tissue, adipose tissue, cartilage, bone, and blood.[8] Other kinds of connective tissues include fibrous, elastic, and lymphoid connective tissues.[9] Fibroareolar tissue is a mix of fibrous and areolar tissue.[10] New vascularised connective tissue that forms in the process of wound healing is termed granulation tissue.[11]
Fibroblasts are the cells responsible for the production of some CT.

text: Type I collagen is present in many forms of connective tissue, and makes up about 25% of the total protein content of the mammalian body.[12]

text: Characteristics[edit]

text: Characteristics of CT:

text:
Cells are spread through an extracellular fluid.
Ground substance - A clear, colorless, and viscous fluid containing glycosaminoglycans and proteoglycans to fix the body water and the collagen fibers in the intercellular spaces. Ground substance slows the spread of pathogens.
Fibers. Not all types of CT are fibrous. Examples of non-fibrous CT include adipose tissue and blood. Adipose tissue gives "mechanical cushioning" to the body, among other functions.[13][14] Although there is no dense collagen network in adipose tissue, groups of adipose cells are kept together by collagen fibers and collagen sheets in order to keep fat tissue under compression in place (for example, the sole of the foot). The matrix of blood is plasma.
Both the ground substance and proteins (fibers) create the matrix for CT. Connective tissues are derived from the mesenchyme.

tag: ul

text:
Tissue
Purpose
Components
Location

Collagenous fibers
Bind bones and other tissues to each other
Alpha polypeptide chains
tendon, ligament, skin, cornea, cartilage, bone, blood vessels, gut, and intervertebral disc.

Elastic fibers
Allow organs like arteries and lungs to recoil
Elastic microfibril and elastin
extracellular matrix

Reticular fibers
Form a scaffolding for other cells
Type III collagen
liver, bone marrow, and lymphatic organs

tag: table

text: Function[edit]

text: Connective tissue has a wide variety of functions that depend on the types of cells and the different classes of fibers involved. Loose and dense irregular connective tissue, formed mainly by fibroblasts and collagen fibers, have an important role in providing a medium for oxygen and nutrients to diffuse from capillaries to cells, and carbon dioxide and waste substances to diffuse from cells back into circulation. They also allow organs to resist stretching and tearing forces. Dense regular connective tissue, which forms organized structures, is a major functional component of tendons, ligaments and aponeuroses, and is also found in highly specialized organs such as the cornea.[15]:161 Elastic fibers, made from elastin and fibrillin, also provide resistance to stretch forces.[15]:171 They are found in the walls of large blood vessels and in certain ligaments, particularly in the ligamenta flava.[15]:173

text: In hematopoietic and lymphatic tissues, reticular fibers made by reticular cells provide the stroma—or structural support—for the parenchyma—or functional part—of the organ.[15]:171

text: Mesenchyme is a type of connective tissue found in developing organs of embryos that is capable of differentiation into all types of mature connective tissue.[16] Another type of relatively undifferentiated connective tissue is mucous connective tissue, found inside the umbilical cord.[15]:160

text: Various types of specialized tissues and cells are classified under the spectrum of connective tissue, and are as diverse as brown and white adipose tissue, blood, cartilage and bone.[15]:158 Cells of the immune system, such as macrophages, mast cells, plasma cells and eosinophils are found scattered in loose connective tissue, providing the ground for starting inflammatory and immune responses upon the detection of antigens.[15]:161

text: Clinical significance[edit]

text: There are many types of connective tissue disorders, such as:

text:
Connective tissue neoplasms including sarcomas such as hemangiopericytoma and malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumor in nervous tissue.
Congenital diseases include Marfan syndrome and Ehlers-Danlos Syndrome.
Myxomatous degeneration – a pathological weakening of connective tissue.
Mixed connective tissue disease – a disease of the autoimmune system, also undifferentiated connective tissue disease.
Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) – a major autoimmune disease of connective tissue
Scurvy, caused by a deficiency of vitamin C which is necessary for the synthesis of collagen.

text: Staining of connective tissue[edit]

text: For microscopic viewing, most of the connective tissue staining-techniques, colour tissue fibers in contrasting shades. Collagen may be differentially stained by any of the following:

text:
Van Gieson's stain
Masson's trichrome stain
Mallory's trichrome stain
Aniline blue stain
Eosin
Reticulin stain


document_title: List of most-followed Twitter accounts

question_text: who has the world's most followers on twitter

question_tokens: who has the world 's most followers on twitter

text: List of most-followed Twitter accounts

text: This list contains the top 50 accounts with the largest number of followers on the social media platform Twitter.[1] As of January 7, 2018, the most followed person is American singer Katy Perry, with over 108 million followers. Her account was the first to exceed 100 million followers, in June 2017.[2]

text: Top accounts[edit]

text: The following table lists the top 50 most followed accounts on Twitter, with each total rounded to the nearest million followers, as well as the profession of each user and country of origin.

text:
Rank
Account name
Owner
Followers
(millions)
Profession
Country

1.
@katyperry
Katy Perry
108
Musician
 United States

2.
@justinbieber
Justin Bieber
105
 Canada

3.
@BarackObama
Barack Obama
99
Former U.S. President
 United States

4.
@taylorswift13
Taylor Swift
86
Musician

5.
@rihanna
Rihanna
86
 Barbados

6.
@TheEllenShow
Ellen DeGeneres
77
Comedian
 United States

7.
@ladygaga
Lady Gaga
76
Musician

8.
@YouTube
YouTube
71
Social media platform

9.
@Cristiano
Cristiano Ronaldo
68
Footballer
 Portugal

10.
@jtimberlake
Justin Timberlake
65
Musician and actor
 United States

11.
@twitter
Twitter
62
Social media platform

12.
@KimKardashian
Kim Kardashian West
58
Reality TV personality

13.
@ArianaGrande
Ariana Grande
57
Musician

14.
@britneyspears
Britney Spears
56

15.
@selenagomez
Selena Gomez
56
Musician and actress

16.
@cnnbrk
CNN Breaking News
54
News

17.
@ddlovato
Demi Lovato
54
Musician and actress

18.
@shakira
Shakira
50
Musician
 Colombia

19.
@jimmyfallon
Jimmy Fallon
50
Comedian
 United States

20.
@realDonaldTrump
Donald Trump
46
U.S. President

21.
@JLo
Jennifer Lopez
45
Musician and actress

22.
@BillGates
Bill Gates
43
Businessman and philanthropist

23.
@Oprah
Oprah Winfrey
41
Businesswoman

24.
@nytimes
The New York Times
41
Newspaper

25.
@KingJames
LeBron James
40
Basketball player

26.
@BrunoMars
Bruno Mars
40
Musician

27.
@instagram
Instagram
39
Social media platform

28.
@narendramodi
Narendra Modi
39
Prime Minister of India
 India

29.
@CNN
CNN
39
Television channel
 United States

30.
@MileyCyrus
Miley Cyrus
39
Musician and actress

31.
@NiallOfficial
Niall Horan
38
Musician
 Ireland

32.
@neymarjr
Neymar
37
Footballer
 Brazil

33.
@Drake
Drake
37
Rapper
 Canada

34.
@BBCBreaking
BBC Breaking News
37
News
 United Kingdom

35.
@SportsCenter
SportsCenter
35
Television channel
 United States

36.
@KevinHart4real
Kevin Hart
35
Comedian

37.
@espn
ESPN
34
Television channel

38.
@LilTunechi
Lil Wayne
33
Rapper

39.
@wizkhalifa
Wiz Khalifa
33

40.
@SrBachchan
Amitabh Bachchan
33
Actor
 India

41.
@iamsrk
Shah Rukh Khan
32

42.
@Pink
P!nk
32
Musician
 United States

43.
@Louis_Tomlinson
Louis Tomlinson
32

44.
@onedirection
One Direction
32
Band
 UK /  Ireland

45.
@Harry_Styles
Harry Styles
32
Musician
 United Kingdom

46.
@LiamPayne
Liam Payne
31

47.
@aliciakeys
Alicia Keys
30
 United States

48.
@BeingSalmanKhan
Salman Khan
30
Actor
 India

49.
@KAKA
Kaká
30
Footballer
 Brazil

50.
@Adele
Adele
29
Musician
 United Kingdom

Last updated on January 7, 2018


document_title: Apollo 13 (film)

question_text: who does tom hanks play in apollo 13

question_tokens: who does tom hanks play in apollo 13

text: Apollo 13 (film)

text: Plot[edit]

text: In July 1969, Astronaut Jim Lovell hosts a house party where guests watch Neil Armstrong's televised first human steps on the Moon. Afterwards Lovell, who had orbited the Moon on Apollo 8, tells his wife Marilyn that he intends to return to the Moon to walk on its surface.

text: Three months later, as Lovell conducts a VIP tour of NASA's Vertical Assembly Building, his boss Deke Slayton informs him that because of problems with Alan Shepard's crew, his crew will fly Apollo 13 instead of 14. Lovell, Ken Mattingly, and Fred Haise train for their new mission. A few days before launch, Mattingly is exposed to the measles, and the flight surgeon demands his replacement with Mattingly's backup, Jack Swigert. Lovell resists breaking up his team, but relents when Slayton threatens to bump his crew to a later mission. As the launch date approaches, Marilyn has a nightmare about her husband getting killed in space, but goes to the Kennedy Space Center the night before launch to see him off.

text: On April 11, 1970, Flight Director Gene Kranz gives the go-ahead from Houston's Mission Control Center for the Apollo 13 launch. As the Saturn V rocket climbs through the atmosphere, a second stage engine cuts off prematurely, but the craft reaches its Earth parking orbit. After the third stage fires to send Apollo 13 to the Moon, Swigert performs the maneuver to connect the Command/Service Module Odyssey to the Lunar Module Aquarius and pull it away from the spent rocket.

text: Three days into the mission, the crew makes a television transmission, which the networks decline to broadcast live. After Swigert turns on the liquid oxygen tank stirring fans as requested, one of the tanks explodes, emptying its contents into space and sending the craft tumbling. The other tank is soon found to be leaking. They attempt to stop the leak by shutting off fuel cells #1 and #3, but to no avail. With the fuel cells closed, the Moon landing must be aborted, and Lovell and Haise must hurriedly power up Aquarius to use as a "lifeboat" for the return home, as Swigert shuts down Odyssey before its battery power runs out. In Houston, Kranz rallies his team to come up with a plan to bring the astronauts home safely, declaring "failure is not an option". Controller John Aaron recruits Mattingly to help him invent a procedure to restart Odyssey for the landing on Earth.

text: As Swigert and Haise watch the Moon pass beneath them, Lovell laments his lost chance of walking on its surface, then turns their attention to the business of getting home. With Aquarius running on minimal electrical power, the crew suffers freezing conditions, and Haise contracts a urinary infection and a fever. Swigert suspects Mission Control is withholding their inability to get them home; Haise angrily blames Swigert's inexperience for the accident; and Lovell quickly squelches the argument. When carbon dioxide approaches dangerous levels, ground control must quickly invent a way to make the Command Module's square filters work in the Lunar Module's round receptacles. With the guidance systems on Aquarius shut down, the crew must make a difficult but vital course correction by manually igniting the Lunar Module's engine.

text: Mattingly and Aaron struggle to find a way to turn on the Command Module systems without drawing too much power, and finally transmit the procedure to Swigert, who restarts Odyssey by transferring extra power from Aquarius. When the crew jettisons the Service Module, they are surprised to see the extent of the damage. As they release Aquarius and re-enter the Earth's atmosphere, no one is sure that Odyssey's heat shield is intact. The tense period of radio silence due to ionization blackout is longer than normal, but the astronauts report all is well and splash down in the Pacific Ocean.

text: As helicopters bring the three men aboard the recovery ship USS Iwo Jima for a hero's welcome, Lovell's voice-over describes the subsequent investigation into the explosion, and the careers of Haise, Swigert, Mattingly, and Kranz. He wonders if and when mankind will return to the Moon.

text: Cast[edit]

text:
Tom Hanks as Apollo 13 Commander Jim Lovell: Jim Lovell stated that before his book Lost Moon was even written, the movie rights were being shopped to potential buyers[5] and that his first reaction was that Kevin Costner would be a good choice to play him.[5][6] However, by the time Howard acquired the director's position, Costner's name never came up in serious discussion, and Hanks had already been interested in doing a film based on Apollo 13. When Hanks' representative informed him that a script was being passed around, he had the script sent to him.[5] John Travolta was initially offered the role of Lovell, but declined.[7]
Kevin Bacon as Apollo 13 backup Command Module Pilot Jack Swigert
Bill Paxton as Apollo 13 Lunar Module Pilot Fred Haise
Gary Sinise as Apollo 13 prime Command Module Pilot Ken Mattingly: Sinise was invited by Howard to read for any of the characters, and chose Mattingly.[5]
Ed Harris as White Team Flight Director Gene Kranz: Harris described the film as "cramming for a final exam." Harris described Gene Kranz as "corny and like a dinosaur", but was respected by the crew.[5] Apollo 13 would be Harris' second space travel-themed movie; he had starred as pioneering astronaut John Glenn in 1983's The Right Stuff.
Kathleen Quinlan as Marilyn Gerlach Lovell, Jim's wife
Chris Ellis as Director of Flight Crew Operations Deke Slayton
Joe Spano as "NASA Director", a composite character loosely based on Chris Kraft
Marc McClure as Black Team Flight Director Glynn Lunney
Clint Howard as White Team Electrical, Environmental and Consumables Manager (EECOM) Sy Liebergot
Ray McKinnon as White Team Flight Dynamics Officer Jerry Bostick
Todd Louiso as White Team Flight Activities Officer
Loren Dean as EECOM John Aaron
Xander Berkeley as "Henry Hurt", a fictional NASA Office of Public Affairs staff member[8]
David Andrews as Apollo 12 Commander Pete Conrad
Christian Clemenson as Flight Surgeon Dr. Charles Berry
Ben Marley as Apollo 13 backup Commander John Young
Brett Cullen as Capsule Communicator (CAPCOM) 1
Ned Vaughn as CAPCOM 2
Tracy Reiner as Haise's wife Mary
Mark Wheeler as Neil Armstrong Apollo 11 Commander
Larry Williams as Buzz Aldrin Apollo 11 Lunar Module Pilot
Mary Kate Schellhardt as Lovell's older daughter Barbara
Max Elliott Slade as Lovell's older son James (Jay), who attended military school at the time of the flight
Emily Ann Lloyd as Lovell's younger daughter Susan
Miko Hughes as Lovell's younger son Jeffrey

text: The real Jim Lovell appears as captain of the recovery ship USS Iwo Jima; Howard had intended to make him an admiral, but Lovell himself, having retired as a captain, chose to appear in his actual rank. Horror film director Roger Corman, a mentor of Howard, appears as a congressman being given a VIP tour by Lovell of the Vehicle Assembly Building, as it had become something of a tradition for Corman to make a cameo appearance in his protégés' films.[9][10] The real Marilyn Lovell appeared among the spectators during the launch sequence.[6] CBS News anchor Walter Cronkite appears in archive news footage and can be heard in newly recorded announcements, some of which he edited himself to sound more authentic.[6]

text: In addition to his brother, Clint Howard, several other members of Ron Howard's family appear in the movie:

text:
Rance Howard (his father) appears as the Lovell family minister.
Jean Speegle Howard (his mother) appears as Lovell's mother Blanch.
Cheryl Howard (his wife) and Bryce Dallas Howard (his daughter) appear as uncredited background performers in the scene where the astronauts wave goodbye to their families.[10]

text: Brad Pitt was offered a role in the film, but turned it down to star in Se7en.[11] Reportedly, the real Pete Conrad expressed interest in appearing in the film.[6]

text: Jeffrey Kluger appears as a television reporter.[10]

text: Production[edit]

text: Preproduction and props[edit]

text: The screenplay by William Broyles, Jr. and Al Reinert was rewritten by John Sayles after Hanks had been cast and construction of the spacecraft sets had begun.[12]

text: While planning the film, director Ron Howard decided that every shot of the film would be original and that no mission footage would be used.[13] The spacecraft interiors were constructed by the Kansas Cosmosphere and Space Center's Space Works, which also restored the Apollo 13 Command Module. Two individual Lunar Modules and two Command Modules were constructed for filming. While each was a replica, composed of some of the original Apollo materials, they were built so that different sections were removable, which enabled filming to take place inside the capsules. Space Works also built modified Command and Lunar Modules for filming inside a Boeing KC-135 reduced-gravity aircraft, and the pressure suits worn by the actors, which are exact reproductions of those worn by the Apollo astronauts, right down to the detail of being airtight. When the actors put the suits on with their helmets locked in place, air was pumped into the suits to cool them down and allow them to breathe, exactly as in launch preparations for the real Apollo missions.[14]

text: The real Mission Control Center consisted of two control rooms located on the second and third floors of Building 30 at the Johnson Space Center in Houston, Texas. NASA offered the use of the control room for filming, but Howard declined, opting instead to make his own replica from scratch.[6][13] Production designer Michael Corenblith and set decorator Merideth Boswell were in charge of the construction of the Mission Control set at Universal Studios. The set was equipped with giant rear-screen projection capabilities and a complex set of computers with individual video feeds to all the flight controller stations. The actors playing the flight controllers were able to communicate with each other on a private audio loop.[14] The Mission Control room built for the film was on the ground floor.[13] One NASA employee, who was a consultant for the film, said that the set was so realistic that he would leave at the end of the day and look for the elevator before remembering he was not in Mission Control.[6] By the time the film was made, the USS Iwo Jima had been scrapped, so her sister ship, the USS New Orleans, was used as the recovery ship instead.[13]

text:
For actors, being able to actually shoot in zero gravity as opposed to being in incredibly painful and uncomfortable harnesses for special effects shots was all the difference between what would have been a horrible moviemaking experience as opposed to the completely glorious one that it actually was.

—Tom Hanks[14]

tag: div

text: Howard anticipated difficulty in portraying weightlessness in a realistic manner. He discussed this with Steven Spielberg, who suggested using a KC-135 airplane, which can be flown in such a way as to create about 23 seconds of weightlessness, a method NASA has always used to train its astronauts for space flight. Howard obtained NASA's permission and assistance in filming in the realistic conditions aboard multiple KC-135 flights.[15]

text: Cast training and filming[edit]

text: In Los Angeles, Ed Harris and all the actors portraying flight controllers enrolled in a Flight Controller School led by Gerry Griffin, an Apollo 13 flight director, and flight controller Jerry Bostick. The actors studied audiotapes from the mission, reviewed hundreds of pages of NASA transcripts, and attended a crash course in physics.[13][14] Astronaut Dave Scott was impressed with their efforts, stating that each actor was determined to make every scene technically correct, word for word.[5]

text: Soundtrack[edit]

text:
Apollo 13: Music From The Motion Picture

Soundtrack album by James Horner

Released
June 27, 1995

Genre
Soundtrack

Length
77:41

Label
MCA

text:
Professional ratings

Review scores

Source
Rating

AllMusic
[16]

Filmtracks.com
[17]

SoundtrackNet
[18]

Tracksounds
[19]

text: The score to Apollo 13 was composed and conducted by James Horner. The soundtrack was released in 1995 by MCA Records and has seven tracks of score, eight period songs used in the film, and seven tracks of dialogue by the actors at a running time of nearly seventy-eight minutes. The music also features solos by vocalist Annie Lennox and Tim Morrison on the trumpet. The score was a critical success and garnered Horner an Academy Award nomination for Best Original Score.[20]

text: All music composed by James Horner, except where noted.

text:
Apollo 13: Original Motion Picture Soundtrack

No.
Title
Length

1.
"Main Title"
1:32

2.
"One Small Step"
0:42

3.
"Night Train" (performed by James Brown)
3:27

4.
"Groovin'" (performed by The Young Rascals)
2:26

5.
"Somebody to Love" (performed by Jefferson Airplane)
2:55

6.
"I Can See for Miles" (performed by The Who)
4:09

7.
"Purple Haze" (performed by The Jimi Hendrix Experience)
2:48

8.
"Launch Control"
3:28

9.
"All Systems Go/The Launch"
6:39

10.
"Welcome to Apollo 13"
0:38

11.
"Spirit in the Sky" (performed by Norman Greenbaum)
3:50

12.
"House Cleaning/Houston, We Have a Problem"
1:34

13.
"Master Alarm"
2:54

14.
"What's Going On?"
0:34

15.
"Into the L.E.M."
3:43

16.
"Out of Time/Shut Her Down"
2:20

17.
"The Darkside of the Moon" (performed by Annie Lennox)
5:09

18.
"Failure is Not an Option"
1:18

19.
"Honky Tonkin'" (performed by Hank Williams)
2:42

20.
"Blue Moon" (performed by The Mavericks)
4:09

21.
"Waiting for Disaster/A Privilege"
0:43

22.
"Re-Entry & Splashdown"
9:05

23.
"End Titles" (performed by Annie Lennox)
5:34

text: Release[edit]

text: The film was released on June 30, 1995 in North America and on September 22, 1995 in the UK.

text: In September 2002 the film was re-released in IMAX. It was the first film to be digitally remastered using IMAX DMR technology.[21]

text: Box-office performance[edit]

text: The film was a box-office success, bringing in $355,237,933 worldwide.[2] The film's widest release was 2,347 theaters.[2] The film's opening weekend and the following two weeks placed it at #1 with a US gross of $25,353,380, which made up 14.7% of the total US gross.[2]

text:
Apollo 13 box office revenue

Source
Gross (US$)
% Total
All-time rank (unadjusted)

US
$173,837,933[2]
48.9%
229[2]

Non-US
$181,400,000[2]
51.1%
N/A

Worldwide
$355,237,933[2]
100.0%
282[2]

text: Reception[edit]

text: Review aggregator Rotten Tomatoes reports that the film has an overall approval rating of 95%, based on 85 reviews, with a weighted average rating of 8.2/10. The site's critical consensus reads, "In recreating the troubled space mission, Apollo 13 pulls no punches: it's a masterfully told drama from director Ron Howard, bolstered by an ensemble of solid performances."[22] Metacritic, which assigns a normalized rating to reviews from mainstream critics, gave the film an average score of 77 out of 100, based on 22 critics, indicating "generally favorable reviews".[23]

text: Roger Ebert of the Chicago Sun-Times praised the film in his review saying: "A powerful story, one of the year's best films, told with great clarity and remarkable technical detail, and acted without pumped-up histrionics."[24] Richard Corliss from Time highly praised the film, saying: "From lift-off to splashdown, Apollo 13 gives one hell of a ride."[25] Edward Guthmann of San Francisco Chronicle gave a mixed review and wrote: "I just wish that Apollo 13 worked better as a movie, and that Howard's threshold for corn, mush and twinkly sentiment weren't so darn wide."[26] Peter Travers from Rolling Stone praised the film and wrote: "Howard lays off the manipulation to tell the true story of the near-fatal 1970 Apollo 13 mission in painstaking and lively detail. It's easily Howard's best film."[27] Movie Room Reviews said "This film is arguably one of the most dramatic and horrendous spaceflight stories ever told."[28]

text: Janet Maslin made the film an NYT Critics' Pick, calling it an "absolutely thrilling" film that "unfolds with perfect immediacy, drawing viewers into the nail-biting suspense of a spellbinding true story." According to Maslin, "like Quiz Show, Apollo 13 beautifully evokes recent history in ways that resonate strongly today. Cleverly nostalgic in its visual style (Rita Ryack's costumes are especially right), it harks back to movie making without phony heroics and to the strong spirit of community that enveloped the astronauts and their families. Amazingly, this film manages to seem refreshingly honest while still conforming to the three-act dramatic format of a standard Hollywood hit. It is far and away the best thing Mr. Howard has done (and Far and Away was one of the other kind)."[29] The academic critic Raymond Malewitz focuses on the DIY aspects of the "mailbox" filtration system to illustrate the emergence of an unlikely hero in late 20th-century American culture—"the creative, improvisational, but restrained thinker—who replaces the older prodigal cowboy heroes of American mythology and provides the country a better, more frugal example of an appropriate 'husband'."[30]

text: Ron Howard stated that, after the first test preview of the film, one of the comment cards indicated "total disdain"; the audience member had written that it was a "typical Hollywood" ending and that the crew would never have survived.[31] Marilyn Lovell praised Quinlan's portrayal of her, stating she felt she could feel what Quinlan's character was going through, and remembered how she felt in her mind.[5]

text: Home media[edit]

text: A 10th-anniversary DVD of the film was released in 2005; it included both the theatrical version and the IMAX version, along with several extras.[32] The IMAX version has a 1.66:1 aspect ratio.[33]

text: In 2006, Apollo 13 was released on HD DVD and on April 13, 2010 it was released on Blu-ray disc as the 15th-anniversary edition on the 40th anniversary of the Apollo 13 accident.[32] The Film was released on 4K UHD Blu-Ray on October 17, 2017.[34]

text: Accolades[edit]

text:
Year
Award
Category
Recipient
Result
Ref.

1996
Academy Awards (1996)
Best Film Editing
Mike Hill and Daniel Hanley
Won
[4]

Best Sound
Rick Dior, Steve Pederson, Scott Millan, and David MacMillan
Won

Best Actor in a Supporting Role
Ed Harris (lost to Kevin Spacey in The Usual Suspects)
Nominated

Best Actress in a Supporting Role
Kathleen Quinlan (lost to Mira Sorvino in Mighty Aphrodite)
Nominated

Best Art Direction
Art Direction: Michael Corenblith; Set Decoration: Merideth Boswell (lost to Restoration)
Nominated

Best Original Dramatic Score
James Horner (lost to Il Postino)
Nominated

Best Picture
Brian Grazer (lost to Braveheart)
Nominated

Best Visual Effects
Robert Legato, Michael Kanfer, Leslie Ekker, and Matt Sweeney (lost to Babe)
Nominated

Best Adapted Screenplay
William Broyles Jr. and Al Reinert (lost to Sense & Sensibility)
Nominated

American Cinema Editors (Eddies)
Best Edited Feature Film
Mike Hill, Daniel P. Hanley
Nominated

American Society of Cinematographers
Outstanding Achievement in Cinematography in Theatrical Releases
Dean Cundey
Nominated

BAFTA Film Awards
Best Production Design
Michael Corenblith
Won

Outstanding Achievement in Special Visual Effects
Robert Legato, Michael Kanfer, Matt Sweeney, Leslie Ekker
Won

Best Cinematography
Dean Cundey
Nominated

Best Editing
Mike Hill, Daniel Hanley
Nominated

Best Sound
David MacMillan, Rick Dior, Scott Millan, Steve Pederson
Nominated

Casting Society of America (Artios)
Best Casting for Feature Film, Drama
Jane Jenkins, Janet Hirshenson
Nominated

Chicago Film Critics Association Awards
Best Picture
Apollo 13
Won

Directors Guild of America
Outstanding Directorial Achievement in Motion Pictures
Ron Howard, Carl Clifford, Aldric La'Auli Porter, Jane Paul
Won

Golden Globe Awards
Best Supporting Actor – Motion Picture
Ed Harris as Gene Kranz
Nominated

Best Supporting Actress – Motion Picture
Kathleen Quinlan as Marilyn Lovell
Nominated

Best Director – Motion Picture
Ron Howard
Nominated

Best Motion Picture – Drama
Apollo 13
Nominated

Heartland Film Festival
Studio Crystal Heart Award
Jeffrey Kluger
Won

Hugo Awards
Best Dramatic Presentation
Apollo 13
Nominated

MTV Movie Awards
Best Male Performance
Tom Hanks as Jim Lovell
Nominated

Best Movie
Apollo 13
Nominated

PGA Awards
Motion Picture Producer of the Year Award
Brian Grazer, Todd Hallowell
Won

Saturn Awards
Best Action / Adventure / Thriller Film
Apollo 13
Nominated

Screen Actors Guild Awards
Outstanding Performance by a Male Actor in a Supporting Role
Ed Harris as Gene Kranz
Won

Outstanding Performance by a Cast
Kevin Bacon, Tom Hanks, Ed Harris, Bill Paxton, Kathleen Quinlan, and Gary Sinise
Won

Space Foundation's Douglas S. Morrow Public Outreach Award
Best Family Feature – Drama
Apollo 13
Won
[35]

Writers Guild of America Awards
Best Screenplay Adapted from Another Medium
William Broyles Jr., Al Reinert
Nominated

Young Artist Awards
Best Family Feature – Drama
Apollo 13
Nominated

2005
American Film Institute
AFI's 100 Years... 100 Movie Quotes
"Houston, we have a problem." (#50)
Won
[36]

2006
American Film Institute
AFI's 100 Years... 100 Cheers
Apollo 13 (#12)
Won
[36]

text: Technical and historical accuracy[edit]

text: The film depicts the crew hearing a bang quickly after Swigert followed directions from mission control to stir the oxygen and hydrogen tanks. In reality, the crew heard the bang 93 seconds later.[37]

text: The film portrays the Saturn V launch vehicle being rolled out to the launch pad two days before launch. In reality, the launch vehicle was rolled out on the mobile launch platform using the crawler-transporter weeks before the launch date.

text: The movie depicts Swigert and Haise arguing about who was at fault. The show The Real Story: Apollo 13 broadcast on the Smithsonian Channel includes Haise stating that no such argument took place and that there was no way anyone could have foreseen that stirring the tank would cause problems.[38]

text: The dialogue between ground control and the astronauts was taken nearly verbatim from transcripts and recordings, with the exception of one of the taglines of the film, "Houston, we have a problem." (This quote was voted #50 on the list "AFI's 100 Years... 100 Movie Quotes".) According to the mission transcript, the actual words uttered by Jack Swigert were "Hey, we've got a problem here" (talking over Haise, who had started "Okay, Houston"). Ground control responded by saying "This is Houston, say again please." Jim Lovell then repeated, "Houston, we've had a problem."[39]

text: One other incorrect dialogue is after the re-entry blackout. In the movie, Tom Hanks (as Lovell) says "Hello Houston... this is Odyssey... it's good to see you again." In the actual re-entry, the Command Module's transmission was finally acquired by a Sikorsky SH-3D Sea King recovery aircraft which then relayed communications to Mission Control. CAPCOM and fellow astronaut Joe Kerwin (not Mattingly, who serves as CAPCOM in this scene in the movie) then made a call to the spacecraft "Odyssey, Houston standing by. Over." Jack Swigert, not Lovell, replied "Okay, Joe," and unlike in the movie, this was well before the parachutes deployed; the celebrations depicted at Mission Control were triggered by visual confirmation of their deployment.[40]

text: The tagline "Failure is not an option", stated in the film by Gene Kranz, also became very popular, but was not taken from the historical transcripts. The following story relates the origin of the phrase, from an e-mail by Apollo 13 Flight Dynamics Officer Jerry Bostick:

text: As far as the expression "Failure is not an option," you are correct that Kranz never used that term. In preparation for the movie, the script writers, Al Reinart and Bill Broyles, came down to Clear Lake to interview me on "What are the people in Mission Control really like?" One of their questions was "Weren't there times when everybody, or at least a few people, just panicked?" My answer was "No, when bad things happened, we just calmly laid out all the options, and failure was not one of them. We never panicked, and we never gave up on finding a solution." I immediately sensed that Bill Broyles wanted to leave and assumed that he was bored with the interview. Only months later did I learn that when they got in their car to leave, he started screaming, "That's it! That's the tag line for the whole movie, Failure is not an option. Now we just have to figure out who to have say it." Of course, they gave it to the Kranz character, and the rest is history.[41]

text: In the film, Flight Director Gene Kranz and his White Team are portrayed as managing all of the essential parts of the flight, from liftoff to landing. Consequently, the actual role of the other flight directors and teams, especially Glynn Lunney and his Black Team, were neglected. In fact, it was Flight Director Lunney and his Black Team who got Apollo 13 through its most critical period in the hours immediately after the explosion, including the mid-course correction that sent Apollo 13 on a "free return" trajectory around the Moon and back to the Earth. Astronaut Ken Mattingly, who was replaced as Apollo 13 Command Module Pilot at the last minute by Jack Swigert, later said:

text: If there was a hero, Glynn Lunney was, by himself, a hero, because when he walked in the room, I guarantee you, nobody knew what the hell was going on. Glynn walked in, took over this mess, and he just brought calm to the situation. I've never seen such an extraordinary example of leadership in my entire career. Absolutely magnificent. No general or admiral in wartime could ever be more magnificent than Glynn was that night. He and he alone brought all of the scared people together. And you've got to remember that the flight controllers in those days were—they were kids in their thirties. They were good, but very few of them had ever run into these kinds of choices in life, and they weren't used to that. All of a sudden, their confidence had been shaken. They were faced with things that they didn't understand, and Glynn walked in there, and he just kind of took charge.[42]

text: A DVD commentary track, recorded by Jim and Marilyn Lovell and included with both DVD versions,[32] mentions several inaccuracies included in the film, all done for reasons of artistic license:

text:
We were working and watching the controls during that time. Because we came in shallow, it took us longer coming through the atmosphere where we had ionization. And the other thing was that we were just slow in answering.

—Jim Lovell, on the real reason for the delay in replying after Apollo 13's four-minute re-entry into Earth's atmosphere[43]

text:
In the film, Mattingly plays a key role in solving a power consumption problem that Apollo 13 was faced with as it approached re-entry. Lovell points out in his commentary that Mattingly was a composite of several astronauts and engineers—including Charles Duke (whose rubella led to Mattingly's grounding)—all of whom played a role in solving that problem.[6]
When Jack Swigert is getting ready to dock with the LM, a concerned NASA technician says: "If Swigert can't dock this thing, we don't have a mission." Lovell and Haise also seem worried. In his DVD commentary, the real Jim Lovell says that if Swigert had been unable to dock with the LM, he or Haise could have done it. He also says that Swigert was a well-trained Command Module Pilot and that no one was really worried about whether he was up to the job,[43] but he admitted that it made a nice subplot for the film. What the astronauts were really worried about, Lovell says, was the expected rendezvous between the Lunar Module and the Command Module after Lovell and Haise left the surface of the Moon.[6]
A scene set the night before the launch, showing the astronauts' family members saying their goodbyes while separated by a road, to reduce the possibility of any last-minute transmission of disease, depicted a tradition not begun until the Space Shuttle program.[6]
The film depicts Marilyn Lovell dropping her wedding ring down a shower drain. According to Jim Lovell, this did occur,[43] but the drain trap caught the ring and his wife was able to retrieve it.[6] Lovell has also confirmed that the scene in which his wife had a nightmare about him being "sucked through an open door of a spacecraft into outer space" also occurred, though he believes the nightmare was prompted by her seeing a scene in Marooned, a 1969 film they saw three months before Apollo 13 launched.[43]