document_title: U.S. national anthem protests (2016–present)

question_text: when did nfl start standing for the anthem

text: Meaning behind protesting the U.S. national anthem and kneeling[edit]

text: It is a tradition in the United States to play The Star-Spangled Banner, the national anthem, before sporting events.[6] Those present are expected to stand at attention with right hand over heart.[7][8][9] National Football League (NFL) players were not mandated to be on the field for the playing of the national anthem until 2009.[10] It is also noteworthy this tradition did not acquire prominence as an official act until the twenty-first century. The NFL has stated that "players are encouraged but not required to stand during the playing of the National Anthem"; its game operations manual reads that players "should stand" for the anthem.[11]

text: Americans are divided on the intended meaning of the anthem. Some believe it salutes military and police officers who have died on duty; for others, it honors the United States generally.[6][12] Kaepernick and his 49ers teammate Eric Reid say they choose to kneel during the anthem to call attention to the issues of racial inequality and police brutality. "After hours of careful consideration, and even a visit from Nate Boyer, a retired Green Beret and former NFL player, we came to the conclusion that we should kneel, rather than sit, ... during the anthem as a peaceful protest," said Reid. "We chose to kneel because it’s a respectful gesture. I remember thinking our posture was like a flag flown at half-mast to mark a tragedy."[13] Kneeling is by some considered disrespectful to those who have died or been wounded in service of the United States, such as police officers or military veterans.[14] Torrey Smith, a wide receiver for the Philadelphia Eagles said in an interview "I understand why people are offended by people protesting the National Anthem. My father served 25 years. When he dies, he's going to be wrapped in an American flag. But my dad is also out of the Army, and he drives trucks all over the country, and he's a black man everywhere he goes, and sometimes he has racial incidents still today. That doesn't protect him, just because he served our country. And I think that's important."[15]

text: Reasons for the protest and related charity[edit]

text: Criminal justice reform is one of the top issues that NFL players have been protesting.[16] Kaepernick was initially moved to protest by the deaths of African Americans by police actions or while in police custody that gained prominence through the Black Lives Matter movement and through general reporting in recent years.[17] During a post-game interview on August 26, 2016, he stated, "I am not going to stand up to show pride in a flag for a country that oppresses black people and people of color. To me, this is bigger than football and it would be selfish on my part to look the other way. There are bodies in the street and people getting paid leave and getting away with murder", adding that he would continue to protest during the anthem until he feels like "[the United States flag] represents what it's supposed to represent."[18][19]

text: After that interview, Kaepernick pledged to donate the first $1 million of his $11.9 million salary from the 2016–2017 season to different organizations that help communities in need.[20] He pledged to donate $100,000 per month for 10 months to various organizations.[21] Days later, the San Francisco 49ers matched Kaepernick by pledging $1 million to two organizations addressing racial and social inequality.[22] Kaepernick has been following through on his commitment and has donated $900,000 as of September 2017 to groups including Meals on Wheels, United We Dream, Black Veterans for Social Justice and many others.[23][24] Kaepernick has also held “Know Your Rights” camps for young people of color.[25] The camps include legal education from attorneys that give advice on how to interact with police when being detained and lectures from prominent academics on the history of the Civil Rights Movement in the United States.[26][27] The NFL Player’s Union named Kaepernick the Week One MVP in September 2017 for his charity work related to the protest.[28]

text: Trump calls for firing protesting players[edit]

text: In September 2017, U.S. President Donald Trump, speaking at a rally in Huntsville, Alabama, said NFL owners should fire players who kneel during the national anthem, and encouraged fans to walk out. Trump advised NFL owners to say "Get that son of a bitch off the field right now, out, he's fired. He's fired!"[29] Trump called the players' protest "a total disrespect of our heritage."[30][31] He went on to say that new NFL safety rules meant to protect players from concussions are ruining the game.[32] His statement came after new research indicates NFL players are at high risk for chronic traumatic encephalopathy (CTE) due to the likelihood of multiple head injuries.[33]

text: Although 70 percent of NFL players were black,[34] Trump denied his criticism of the protesters was related to race. "This has to do with respect for our country and respect for our flag," he said.[35] In the games immediately following Trump's statements, the protest gained broader participation when over 200 players sat or kneeled during the anthem, others linked arms with their teammates or raised fists, and three teams chose to stay in the locker room for the anthem.[36][4][5][37] However, the response was more a reaction to Trump than Kaepernick's original protests of racial injustice.[37][38][39] Reasons cited by players, owners, and coaches included supporting freedom of speech and opposing what they considered intimidation by Trump.[37] Others said they took offense to Trump demeaning the integrity of their primarily African American colleagues, when a month earlier he had called the white nationalists who protested in Charlottesville, Virginia, "Very fine people".[40][41] The reaction to Trump's remarks overshadowed other ongoing issues his administration was facing, including failed attempts at healthcare reform, the primary election loss of Trump-backed candidate Luther Strange for the Alabama seat in the U.S. Senate, recovery efforts for Hurricane Maria in Puerto Rico and Hurricane Harvey in Houston, and relations with North Korea over their nuclear and missile testing.[42]

text: NFL protests[edit]

text: 2016 preseason[edit]

text: Kaepernick began sitting during the national anthem at the start of the 2016 NFL preseason. His actions went unnoticed for two weeks before he was questioned by the media.[43] In the 49ers' final 2016 preseason game on September 1, 2016, after talking to Boyer, Kaepernick opted to kneel during the U.S. national anthem rather than sit as he did in their previous games. He explained his decision to switch was an attempt to show more respect to former and current U.S. military members while still protesting during the anthem. Eric Reid joined Kaepernick in kneeling during the national anthem during the final preseason game.[44] Seattle Seahawks player Jeremy Lane also did not stand for the anthem during his final preseason game the same day, stating, "It's something I plan to keep on doing until justice is being served."[45]

text: 2016 season[edit]

text: In Week 1, eleven NFL players joined Kaepernick's protests.[46] Denver Broncos player Brandon Marshall knelt during the national anthem prior to the start of the Kickoff game, which was broadcast on NBC.[47] The act of kneeling as protest has been referred to as "taking a knee".[48][49][50] Kaepernick and Marshall were teammates at the University of Nevada.[47] On September 11, Kansas City Chiefs player Marcus Peters raised his fist while the rest of the team interlocked their arms showing solidarity.[51] Two members of the New England Patriots, Devin McCourty and Martellus Bennett, raised their fists on Sunday Night Football. The entire Seattle Seahawks team stood and interlocked arms.[52] Jelani Jenkins, Arian Foster, Kenny Stills, and Michael Thomas of the Miami Dolphins all kneeled during the National Anthem.[53] At the same time, a group of Jacksonville Jaguars players, led by cornerback Prince Amukamara, initially planned to join the protest but chose not to do so after photographs of Kaepernick wearing socks with a crude anti-police message during training camp were made public.[54]

text: On November 13, 2016, 5 days after Donald Trump was elected President, Tampa Bay Buccaneers wide-receiver Mike Evans decided to sit during the national anthem. According to Sports Illustrated, Evans said, "If this happens, then America's not right right now. I said this a long time ago. When he ran, I thought it was a joke, and the joke continues. I'm not a political person that much, but I got common sense. And I know when something's not right."[55] However, his protest began the day following Veterans Day, so he received criticism. He quickly changed his method of protesting and joined his teammates during the following game against the Kansas City Chiefs. He apologized to veterans and other members of the military for his actions – citing that the timing of his protest was poor. "On the field, I'm going to continue to do what I do – play hard. I'm playing hard because I've got this right – freedom, because of the vets. I'm going to reach out to organizations, organizations that I feel are doing the best job to help the minority ... women, LGBT, African Americans, Latinos, people that are in fear of Donald Trump and his presidency."[56]

text: 2017 season[edit]

text: Cleveland Browns tight end Seth DeValve became the first white football player to kneel or sit during the anthem on the team's August 21, 2017 preseason game against the New York Giants.[57]

text: In Week 3 of the season the majority of games were played two days after Trump made his statements.[58] The protest gained broader participation when over 200 players sat or kneeled during the anthem.[5][4][36] Many players, coaches and NFL teams protested and/or issued statements expressing dismay with Trump's comments:[59]

text:
Twenty-seven members of the Baltimore Ravens and Jacksonville Jaguars kneeled during the American National Anthem at their game at Wembley Stadium in London.[60] Retired Ravens star and honorary Team Captain Ray Lewis kneeled with members of his team.[61] All of the players stood for the British national anthem "God Save the Queen" with many remaining in locked arms.[62]
Several members of the Philadelphia Eagles raised their fists during the anthem before their game against the New York Giants. Before the same game, various Giants players stood with arms locked while others kneeled.[63]
The Seattle Seahawks and the Tennessee Titans did not take the field during the playing of the anthem, staying in their locker rooms until it concluded. The players of the Seahawks released a statement saying, "We will not stand for the injustice that has plagued people of color in this country. Out of love for our country and in honor of the sacrifices made on our behalf, we unite to oppose those that would deny our most basic freedoms."[59] Meghan Linsey, the Nashville singer who performed the anthem, kneeled when she completed the song.[64]
Before the opening of their game against the Houston Texans, various New England Patriots players and staff also expressed their concerns, including quarterback Tom Brady locking arms with Phillip Dorsett, and head coach Bill Belichick crossing his arms in front of him. Sixteen members of the Patriots kneeled during the anthem.[65] Patriots owner Robert Kraft said he was disappointed at the tone in which Trump's comments were made.[63]
Several members of the Miami Dolphins wore "#IMWITHKAP" T-shirts on the field during the pregame warmup, in support of Kaepernick's actions.[65] The team locked arms during the anthem, with five members kneeling. The opposing team, the New York Jets, also linked arms during the anthem.[66]
All Pittsburgh Steelers players except Alejandro Villanueva, who served as an Army Ranger, refused to leave the locker room during the anthem. On the sideline, the Chicago Bears players locked their arms while the anthem was performed.[67] Villanueva has since expressed regret for his actions.[68]
The majority of the Oakland Raiders either sat or knelt during the anthem, with several members of the opposing Washington Redskins either kneeling or joining arms as well.[69]
Thirty-two members of the Denver Broncos kneeled during the anthem.[70] At least ten members of the Buffalo Bills also kneeled during the anthem, while other team members locked arms.[71] Running back LeSean McCoy said "My message to him (Trump) is, be a president, be respectful, man. You know, us Americans, we are together. Stop trying to divide us."[72] McCoy performed stretches during the national anthem.
The Dallas Cowboys and Arizona Cardinals players locked arms during the anthem, while everyone on the Cowboys, including owner and general manager Jerry Jones, kneeled before the anthem was played.[73]
The New Orleans Saints established a plan with their team prior to their game against the Miami Dolphins on how they will handle the national anthem before the game. Drew Brees stood and stated the thoughts of his team as a whole by tweeting "As a way to show respect to all, our #Saints team will kneel in solidarity prior to the national anthem & stand together during the anthem."[74]
More than ten Indianapolis Colts and about 20 Cleveland Browns players kneeled on one knee while the remaining players locked arms during the playing of "The Star-Spangled Banner" in Indianapolis, Indiana which was met by boos from the crowd[clarification needed] at Lucas Oil Stadium.[75][76] Indiana is the home state of Vice President Mike Pence, who weeks later intentionally walked out of a Colts game against the 49ers.[77]

tag: ul

text: In Week 8 at Seattle, the majority of the Texans players kneeled during the anthem after Houston owner Bob McNair had commented about having the "inmates running the prison" during a league owner meeting regarding the ongoing protest. McNair had apologized, stating that he was not referring to the players, but rather to the "relationship between the league office and team owners."[78][79] It was the first time a Texans player had knelt during the anthem.[80]

text: 2018 preseason[edit]

text: On May 23, 2018, NFL Commissioner Roger Goodell and all NFL team owners except for two owners that abstained from voting in a show of hand voting process, approved a new policy requiring all players to stand during the national anthem or given the option to stay in the locker room during the national anthem.[81] Any players from all NFL teams who protest the anthem while on the field will become subject to discipline from the league. In addition, the teams as a whole will be subject to punishment and other forms of discipline from the NFL as a result.[82][83]

text: In disagreement with the policy, several players on the Super Bowl champion Philadelphia Eagles indicated they would decline an invitation from Trump to visit The White House on June 5, leading the President to rescind the offer only hours before.[84]

text: Other athletes join[edit]

text: Soccer[edit]

text: Seattle Reign FC and U.S. women's national soccer team player Megan Rapinoe knelt during the national anthem in a game on September 5, 2016, explaining that her decision was a "nod to Kaepernick and everything that he's standing for right now".[85] In a subsequent match at the Washington Spirit, Spirit owner Bill Lynch – anticipating Rapinoe's protest – moved the national anthem's performance without warning or notice to occur before the players' appearances on the pitch. Jeff Plush, the league's commissioner, was present at the game and told reporters that he was unaware of Lynch's plans and disagreed with the act of moving the anthem's performance.[86] The Spirit's players issued a joint statement also disagreeing with Lynch's decision to move the anthem without first consulting the team's players or coaches.[87]

text: As a member of the U.S. women's national soccer team, Rapinoe also knelt before an international friendly match against Thailand on September 16, despite public statements of disagreement with her protest methods issued before the match by the U.S. Soccer Federation and her coach Jill Ellis.[88] U.S. Soccer proceeded to pass a policy that now requires all of its players to stand “respectfully” during the national anthem making it the first American sports league or governing body to do so.[89]

text: The protest had supporters outside the U.S. as well: In an October 2017 match against Schalke 04, players and staff of German football club Hertha BSC took the knee in solidarity.[90]

text: College[edit]

text: On September 7, 2016, three volleyball players from West Virginia Tech knelt during the national anthem.[91][92]

text: On October 1, at East Carolina University, about 19 members of the band kneeled, while about another two held the American flag during the national anthem at the beginning of the football game against the University of Central Florida.[93] There have been almost no such incidents involving college football players, for the simple reason that college players and coaches are typically in the locker room when the anthem is played. There has been at least one exception to the rule, however. During a September 2016 away game at Northwestern, where players are traditionally on the field during the anthem, three Nebraska players knelt on the sideline.[94][95] The NCAA football rule book does not address the issue of pregame ceremonies (patriotic or otherwise) at all, except to say that team captains must be present for a coin toss three minutes before the first-half kickoff.

text: College of the Ozarks president Jerry Davis announced in September 2017 that his college's teams would refuse to play any team whose players knelt during the anthem.[96] In response, the NAIA chose to move its Division II men's basketball champion game away from College of the Ozarks; the championship game had been held there since 2000.[97]

text: High school[edit]

text: On September 2, 2016, a football player at Brunswick High School in Ohio knelt during the national anthem after he heard his teammates saying "nigger".[92] After his protest, the player received racial threats.[98] On September 9, high school players across the country knelt during the national anthem. On September 23, four players from Withrow High School, three black and one white, in Cincinnati knelt during the national anthem before their football game.[92]

text: In September 2017, Principal Waylon Bates of Parkway High School in Louisiana referred to the national anthem protests as a "disruption" and threatened to kick any player out of the football team if he knelt during the national anthem.[99] Two black students on the Victory & Praise Christian Academy football team protested during the anthem. Immediately after the anthem concluded, their coach removed them from the team, having them take off their uniforms on the sidelines.[100]

text: Baseball[edit]

text: On September 23, 2017, Bruce Maxwell of the Oakland Athletics knelt during the national anthem, becoming the first MLB player to join the protest. His team backed him up by saying, "The Oakland A's pride ourselves on being inclusive. We respect and support all of our players' constitutional rights and freedom of expression."[101][102] Maxwell received a standing ovation from A's fans before his first at-bat following his protest.[103]

text: Basketball[edit]

text: On September 24, 2017, prior to Game 1 of the 2017 WNBA Finals, players from the Los Angeles Sparks chose to stay in the locker room during the national anthem, while members of the Minnesota Lynx locked arms on the court.[104]

text: Ice hockey[edit]

text: On October 7, 2017, J. T. Brown of the Tampa Bay Lightning raised his fist while standing on the bench during the national anthem. He had also done the same in a preseason game, in an attempt to "bring awareness to police brutality against minorities and racial inequality."[105] He stated that he had "received death threats" after the protest.[106]

text: Reaction[edit]

text: The neutrality of this section is disputed. Relevant discussion may be found on the talk page. Please do not remove this message until conditions to do so are met. (August 2017) (Learn how and when to remove this template message)

text: Political figures[edit]

text: In September 2016, President Barack Obama stated that Kaepernick was "exercising his constitutional right" to protest. He went on: "I don't doubt his sincerity. I think he cares about some real, legitimate issues that have to be talked about. If nothing else, he's generated more conversation about issues that have to be talked about."[107]

text: Supreme Court Justice Ruth Bader Ginsburg criticized the protest as "dumb and disrespectful," stating that athletes have the right to protest "if they want to be stupid." The Supreme Court later issued a statement from Ginsburg stating that her comments were "inappropriately dismissive and harsh. I should have declined to respond."[108]

text: On September 25, 2017, U.S. Representative Sheila Jackson Lee knelt on the floor of the House of Representatives.[109] Fellow congressman Mark Pocan kneeled on the floor of the House the next day.[110]

text: On October 8, 2017, Vice President Mike Pence left a game between the NFL's Indianapolis Colts and the San Francisco 49ers, members of which had knelt during the anthem, "because President Trump and I will not dignify any event that disrespects our soldiers, our Flag, or our National Anthem."[111]

text: Oklahoma senator James Lankford said Russian internet trolls, seeking to polarize Americans, helped fuel a debate.[112][113][114]

text: ”We watched, even this weekend, the Russians and their troll farms, their internet folks, start hashtagging out #TakeAKnee and also hashtagging out #BoycottNFL,” he said during a hearing on threats faced by the United States.“They were taking both sides of the argument this weekend ... to try to raise the noise level of America and make a big issue seem like an even bigger issue as they are trying to push divisiveness in this country.”

text: Corporations[edit]

text: Major sports sponsors Nike, Under Armour, and Ford all issued statements in support of athletes' freedom of expression after Trump's comments regarding the NFL. Nike's statement read, "Nike supports athletes and their right to freedom of expression on issues that are of great importance to our society.”[115] In September 2016, after Brandon Marshall knelt during the national anthem, Century Link and Air Academy Federal Credit Union dropped him as a paid sponsor.[116] Radio station WFAY dropped a broadcast of an East Carolina University football game on the station after the marching band took part in the protest, calling it an insult to the U.S. Armed Forces.[117] John Schnatter of sponsor Papa John's Pizza blamed the protests for a drop in sales and a 24% fall in stock during 2017, saying that the "controversy is polarizing the customer, polarizing the country."[118] Later that day, the company announced that the NFL shield or "official sponsor" designation on Papa John's commercials and advertising would be removed.[119] In December 2017 Sanderson Farms CEO questioned whether the NFL protests were to blame for falling chicken wing prices.[120]

text: Athletes and sports media[edit]

text: Throughout the remainder of the 2016 season, Kaepernick received public backlash for his protest, with an anonymous NFL executive calling Kaepernick "a traitor".[121] He also stated that he received death threats.[122]

text: Sportscaster Bob Costas offered support for Kaepernick stating, "Patriotism comes in many forms and what has happened is it's been conflated with a bumper-style kind of flag-waving and with the military only so that people cannot see that in his own way Colin Kaepernick, however imperfectly, is doing a patriotic thing."[123]

text: Trent Dilfer criticized Kaepernick. "The big thing that hit me through all this was this is a backup quarterback whose job is to be quiet, and sit in the shadows and get the starter ready to play Week 1," Dilfer said on Sunday NFL Countdown. "Yet he chose a time where all of a sudden he became the center of attention. And it has disrupted that organization. It has caused friction. And it's torn at the fabric of the team."[124]

text: The September 2016 police shootings of Terence Crutcher and Keith Lamont Scott bolstered support for his protest.[125] Kaepernick said of the Terence Crutcher shooting, "this is a perfect example of what this is about."[122] Boxer Floyd Mayweather, criticized Kaepernick, stating, “You know, a lot of times, we get stuck, and we are followers. When you hear one person say ‘black lives matter’ or ‘blue lives matter,’ all lives matter.” Adding moments later, “With me being a fighter, and my hands being registered, if I hit a guy for breaking in my house, or breaking in my car, it’s gonna cost me more money, so I gotta work smarter, not harder. I’m gonna call the cops.”[126]

text: Discussion continued throughout August 2017. Baseball Hall of Famer Hank Aaron said, "I think he's getting a raw deal" from the NFL.[127] That same month, Pro Football Hall of Famer and longtime civil rights activist Jim Brown, who a year earlier supported Kaepernick "100 percent,"[128] now criticized him, suggesting Kaepernick ought to decide whether to be an athlete or an activist.[129] "I'm an American," said Brown. "I don't desecrate my flag and my national anthem. … This is my country, and I'll work out the problems, but I'll do it in an intelligent manner."[130]

text: Jim Harbaugh, Kaepernick's former coach, penned a strong statement of support for him as part of Time's "100 Most Influential People" series. Harbaugh wrote, "His willingness to take a position at personal cost is now part of our American story. How lucky for us all and for our country to have among our citizens someone as remarkable as Colin Kaepernick."[131]

text: NASCAR team owners Richard Petty and Richard Childress have supported Trump and said that they would fire drivers and employees who would not stand for the national anthem.[132] Petty said, "Anybody that don’t stand up for the anthem ought to be out of the country. Period." Childress said, "It’ll get you a ride on a Greyhound bus" if anyone on his team protested the anthem.[133] Driver Dale Earnhardt Jr., however, expressed support for the peaceful protests, quoting President John F. Kennedy, "Those who make peaceful revolution impossible will make violent revolution inevitable."[134] NASCAR released a statement on September 25 in response to the protests that said, "Sports are a unifying influence in our society, bringing people of differing backgrounds and beliefs together. Our respect for the national anthem has always been a hallmark of our pre-race events. Thanks to the sacrifices of many, we live in a country of unparalleled freedoms and countless liberties, including the right to peacefully express one’s opinion."[135]

text: Jemele Hill, an ESPN anchor who called Trump a "white supremacist" in a series of tweets earlier in the month, tweeted, "Just so we're clear: the president's comments will only incite more player protests, not quell them." following the Trump's initial response to the protests.[136][137] Hill was later put on a two-week suspension for "a second violation of our social media guidelines," after Hill suggested people direct their disagreements towards advertisers of Dallas Cowboys owner, Jerry Jones, after Jones stated he will bench any player who protested the national anthem on October 9, 2017.[138][139]

text: On September 25, 2017, Bill Russell posted a photo to Twitter while kneeling and wearing his Presidential Medal of Freedom.[140] On September 26, 2017, Joey Odoms, the national anthem singer for the home games of the Ravens, resigned citing the "tone/actions of a large number of NFL fans in the midst of our country's cultural crisis."[141]

text: Former Chicago Bears coach Mike Ditka commented, “If you don't respect our country, then you shouldn't be in this country playing football…So I would say, adios." He added that he was “not condemning anybody or criticizing anybody" in his remarks. According to Ditka, "there has been no oppression in the last 100 years that I know of.”[142]

text: Entertainment[edit]

text: Stevie Wonder knelt during the 2017 Global Citizen Festival on September 23, saying "Tonight, I'm taking a knee for America".[143]

text: Eddie Vedder, Pharrell Williams, Dave Matthews, John Legend and Roger Waters knelt to support the protests during concerts on September 24.[144] The same day Sonequa Martin-Green posted in her Instagram account a picture of several members from Star Trek: Discovery's cast alongside producer Akiva Goldsman and herself kneeling.[145] Shonda Rhimes posted a photo kneeling with the cast of Grey's Anatomy.[146]

text: Gillian Anderson and David Duchovny posted a photo on Twitter of themselves kneeling with arms locked on September 26.[147]


document_title: Capita

question_text: when was capita fully listed as a public company on the london stock exchange

root

text: Capita

text: History[edit]

text: Capita was formed 1984 as a division of the non-profit CIPFA (Chartered Institute of Public Finance and Accountancy). In 1987 it became an independent company with 33 staff as a result of a management buy-out, led by Rod Aldridge, and was first listed on the London Stock Exchange in 1991.[5]

tag: p

text: In March 2006, Executive Chairman Rod Aldridge resigned in the aftermath of claims that contracts awarded to the Group were influenced by his loan of £1 million to the Labour Party. Aldridge resigned saying that he denied the claims, but to avoid any lingering doubts about it, he was leaving the company. Aldridge had overseen the company's growth from a small company in 1987 to a FTSE 100 member in 2006.[6] He was replaced by his longtime associate Paul Pindar.[7]

text: In February 2007, a Capita office in Victoria, London was subject to a letter bomb attack. One person was injured.[8]

text: On 2 October 2009, one of Capita's businesses (Capita Financial Group) announced plans to move some of its operations from London to Leeds.[9][10][11]

text: On 1 July 2011, Capita acquired Ventura, a customer contact specialist for a cash consideration of £65 million.[12] On 28 February 2013, Capita bought the Fire Service College from the Department for Communities and Local Government for £10 million.[13]

text: In 2014 Pindar stepped down as chief executive.[14] He was replaced by Andy Parker.[15]

text: Operations[edit]

text: In 1998, Capita won the contract to run Constructionline, the newly created Public-Private Partnership owned by the Department for Business, Innovation and Skills (BIS).[16]

text: Capita manages the Criminal Records Bureau for the Home Office. In 2002, when mandatory CRB-vetting of all workers with children was brought in, a large number of teachers were temporarily unable to work after Capita's systems had difficulty with the workload and were subsequently overwhelmed, meaning that the start of the academic year was delayed in some places. Poor systems specifications and last-minute changes in government policy by the then Secretary of State for Education, Estelle Morris are believed to have been significant factors in these delays.[17]

text: In 2006 Capita Financial Administrators (CFA) was fined £300,000 by the Financial Services Authority for having poor anti-fraud controls .[18]

text: Capita entered the healthcare recruitment market during May 2011[19] through acquisition of Team24, a healthcare recruitment specialist - extending the services they offer within the recruitment industry.[20]

text: Capita also intended to enter into the legal services market and entered into a funding arrangement with the Law Firm Optima Legal Services Limited which saw them, in the period between May 2006 to the end of 2009 invest a total of £36,700,000 by way of investment loans into Optima.[21] As part of the funding arrangement Capita Group had the option of acquiring the shares of Optima Legal Services for the nominal sum of £1 upon the full implementation of the Legal Services Act 2007 which would make ownership of law firms by the likes of Capita possible. It is thought that such Alternative Business Structures ("ABS") could be lawful around October 2011.[22] However, on 9 August 2010 it was reported that the Solicitors Regulatory Authority ("SRA") had found that the arrangement breached its rules in that it effectively amounted to an ABS.[23] As a consequence, Optima Legal Services Lead Litigation and Property Partners, Philip Robinson and Anthony Ruane respectively were both severely reprimanded by the SRA for what was found to be professional misconduct and only narrowly avoided referral to the Solicitors Disciplinary Tribunal[24] and Adrian Lamb, former CEO of Optima Legal Services Limited, left the business in June 2010.[25]

text: In January 2015, Capita acquired Constructionline outright from BIS for £35m.[26]

text: NHS Services[edit]

text: In June 2014 it was reported that at least five of eight Liverpool NHS Trusts which had contracted their payroll and recruitment to Capita in 2012 were withdrawing because of concerns about the quality of the service provided.[27] Several NHS trusts contracted with the company for human resources services. West London Mental Health NHS Trust cancelled their contract in September 2014 after the company proved "unable to meet acceptable ‘time to hire’ targets", particularly for nurses. At the same time Alder Hey Children's NHS Foundation Trust and Liverpool Heart and Chest Hospital NHS Foundation Trust terminated their contracts.[28]

text: In November Mersey Care Trust revealed that "information governance issues" had been uncovered when the services were taken back in house. Details of staff at other Merseyside trusts were sent to Liverpool Community Health Trust’s HR department.[29]

text: The company was awarded a 4-year contract to become sole provider of administrative services including payment administration, management of medical records and eligibility lists of practitioners for GPs, opticians and dentists across the UK by NHS England in June 2015.[30] In July 2016 it was reported that there was “a large backlog of unprocessed correspondence relating to patients”. It was earlier reported that the company was unable to deal “effectively” with the movement of paper records between practices.[31]

text: In 2015, an undercover Daily Telegraph investigation showed that in some cases locum agencies, Medicare and Team24 owned by Capita were charging some hospitals higher fees than others and giving false company details. The agencies were charging up to 49% of the fee. Health secretary Jeremy Hunt criticised agencies who sought “big profits” at the expense of the NHS and taxpayers and promised to “reduce the margins rip-off agencies are able to generate.”[32]

text: The company established Primary Care Support England in September 2015, replacing former regional services provided by each local heath authority. The new service was described as shambolic by the Local Optical Committee Support Unit and the Optical Confederation. [33]A deal was negotiated to enable optician practices to claim interest, administrative costs and bank charges on late payments of General Ophthalmic Services fees by Capita.[34] In August 2016 a survey of GPs found 85% were missing records of recently registered patients, 65% had experienced shortages of clinical supplies or delays in deliveries, and 32% had suffered from missed or delayed payments. Delays in the payment of GP trainees’ salaries were also reported.[35]

text: Education services[edit]

text:
SIMS.net – Schools Information Management Software a Management information system used in 70% of primary and secondary schools across England and Wales to record many aspects of pupil data.[36] In March 2009, Capita SIMS was said to be responsible for sending a truancy warning notice to the family of a Cheshire school pupil who had died two months before.[37] SIMS also links with Capita One (through a process called B2B), which is a database used within Local Education Authorities for general analysis and overview of pupil and school data.[38]
Individual Learning Account – A £290million scheme intended to give financial support to adult learners that was opened in 2000 and scrapped in 2001 following widespread and massive fraud.[39]
Connexions Card – A £109million scheme that involved issuing 16- to 19-year-olds with smart cards that recorded their lesson attendance and rewarded them with discounts on consumer goods. It ran from 2002 until it was terminated in 2006 owing to lack of uptake.[40]
Education Maintenance Allowance for the Learning and Skills Council[41]
Capita Education Resourcing - Capita Education Resourcing is an education recruitment specialist with a large networks of schools, colleges and nurseries across England and Wales. They have 19 offices covering teaching jobs operating throughout the UK.[42]

text: Irish Postcodes[edit]

text: In 2014, Capita were awarded the contract to introduce postcodes to the Republic of Ireland. The Irish communications minister has welcomed the implementation saying that the Irish code is the first in the world to be unique to each individual address. The scheme was launched in July 2015.[43]

text: The emergency services have expressed concern that the new system may lead to responders having difficulty getting to incidents.[44] Further, the Irish Data Protection Authority has raised concerns over the design of the code as information about individuals will be made more accessible.[45] Liam Duggan, CEO of Capita Ireland stated at a Government enquiry in 2014 that they had thoroughly tested the new system for unsuitable words and even used a game of Scrabble for this purpose.[46]

text: The project is generally running to programme and budget: roll out, which was originally planned to start in March 2015, will now take place in "mid-2015" and the cost, which was originally budgeted at €25 million has increased to €27 million.[47]

text: Financial performance[edit]

text: The Company's results are as follows:[1]

text:
Year
People
Turnover (£ million)
Pre-tax profit (£ million)

1984
2

1987
33

1991
320
25

1992
687
33

1996
3,500
112
12.3

1998
5,000
238
27.1

1999
7,000
327
36.3

2000
8,500
453
51.2

2001
13,000
691
72.1

2002
17,000
898
98.2

2003
19,000
1,081
121.2

2004
23,000
1,282
148.6

2005
24,000
1,436
177.2

2006
27,000
1,738
193.2

2007
29,000
2,073
228.7

2008
32,600
2,441
226.6

2009
34,600
2,687
258.1

2010
35,400
2,744
309.8

2011
46,500
2,930
302.9

2012
52,500
3,352
281.4

2013
65,000
3,851
215.0

2014
68,000
4,372
292.4

2015
75,000
4,674
112.1

2016
73,000
4,898
74.8

tag: table

text: Criticism[edit]

text: Capita Group has not been received well by the public and in the media. It has gained the nickname "Crapita", particularly from the coverage in the satirical and current affairs magazine Private Eye, which routinely documents the company's many failures and setbacks in the public sector.[48][49]

text: Pindar himself has attracted criticism for complaining about being called a 'fat cat', receiving a £770,000 per annum salary and driving around in an Aston Martin DB9. "It really takes the biscuit—especially when you consider his workers are fighting for a rise equivalent to just four pints of milk a week", said a workers' representative. The average Capita employee salary at the time was £28,000 per year.[49]

text: It was revealed in January 2013 that Capita was embroiled in a scandal over misinforming people that they had to leave the U.K. as they had no valid visa. One such person was in fact the holder of a U.K. passport.[50]

text: In 2014, a leak to The Guardian revealed that the DWP had to send civil servants in to help the company process personal independence payments for the seriously ill and the disabled. "Waiting times for assessment," the newspaper noted, "have been so long that in some cases people with terminal conditions have died before receiving a penny."[51]

text: The 2015 sale of a government research operation charged with overlooking food safety to Capita has been criticized by Tim Lang, an advisor to the U.K. government and the WHO on food safety issues.[52] Arguing that a for-profit operation will be under pressure to ignore low-paying projects vital to public safety and the environment, he indicates that there is no profit in public research concerning food and biodiversity or food and pesticide residues, and predicts "commercial concerns will skew Fera's priorities"[52]

text: Former Liberal Democrat leader, Tim Farron questioned how Atos and Capita could have been paid over £500m from tax payers money for assessing fitness to work as 61% who appealed won their appeals. Farron stated, “This adds to the suspicion that these companies are just driven by a profit motive, and the incentive is to get the assessments done, but not necessarily to get the assessments right. They are the ugly face of business.”[53]


document_title: This Is Us (season 2)

question_text: this is us season 2 episode 6 air date

question_tokens: this is us season 2 episode 6 air date

text: This Is Us (season 2)

text: Cast and characters[edit]

text: Main[edit]

text:
Milo Ventimiglia as Jack Pearson[1]
Mandy Moore as Rebecca Pearson[1]
Sterling K. Brown as Randall Pearson[1]

Niles Fitch as teenage Randall Pearson[2]
Lonnie Chavis as young Randall Pearson[2]

Chrissy Metz as Kate Pearson[1]

Hannah Zeile as teenage Kate Pearson[2]
Mackenzie Hancsicsak as young Kate Pearson[2]

Justin Hartley as Kevin Pearson[1]

Logan Shroyer as teenage Kevin Pearson[2]
Parker Bates as young Kevin Pearson[2]

Susan Kelechi Watson as Beth Pearson[1]
Chris Sullivan as Toby Damon[1]
Ron Cephas Jones as William H. "Shakespeare" Hill[1][3]
Jon Huertas as Miguel Rivas[1]
Alexandra Breckenridge as Sophie[1]
Eris Baker as Tess Pearson[2]
Faithe Herman as Annie Pearson[2]

text: Recurring[edit]

text:
Lyric Ross as Deja, Randall and Beth's foster child.[4]
Jermel Nakia as young adult William H. "Shakespeare" Hill[5][3]

text: Guest[edit]

text:
Sylvester Stallone as himself, an actor in Kevin's movie.[6]
Debra Jo Rupp as Linda, a social worker who works with Randall and Beth when they foster Deja.[7]
Sam Anderson as Walter Crowder, the judge in young adult William Hill's case.[5]
Delroy Lindo as Ernest Bradley, the judge in Randall's adoption case.[5]
Joy Brunson as Shauna, Deja's mother.[8]
Kate Burton as Barbara, a psychologist at Kevin's rehab who facilitates his meeting with the family.[9]
Garrett Morris as Lloyd, a resident of William's old apartment building.[10]
Iantha Richardson as adult Tess Pearson, a social worker.[11]
Gerald McRaney as Dr. Nathan Katowski (aka Dr. K), Rebecca's former childbirth obstetrician.[12]
Susan Blakely as Anne, Dr. K's wife.[12]

text: Episodes[edit]

text:
No.
overall
No. in
season
Title
Directed by
Written by
Original air date
Prod.
code
U.S. viewers
(millions)

19
1
"A Father's Advice"
Ken Olin
Dan Fogelman
September 26, 2017 (2017-09-26)
2AZC01
12.94[13]

On the Big Three's 37th birthday, Randall wants to adopt a baby, but Beth convinces him they can honor William's legacy by adopting an older child. Kate leaves an audition because all the other women there are thin, but she returns to go through with it. She is rejected because of her inexperience, not her weight; Kate is confident she can work her way up. Toby tells Kevin that he, not Kevin, needs to be Kate's "person." Kevin explains that Kate informed him of their father's death, and being Kate's brother is the only thing he is really good at. In the past, Rebecca takes the Big Three to a movie after her argument with Jack. Rebecca urges Jack to come home; Jack admits his drinking is out of control. Later, the family house has burned and Rebecca, in the car with Jack's possessions in a bag, screams and cries.

20
2
"A Manny-Splendored Thing"
John Fortenberry
Dan Fogelman & Bekah Brunstetter
October 3, 2017 (2017-10-03)
2AZC02
11.06[14]

Kevin is invited back for the 100th "The Manny" episode. The producers try to embarrass him for how he left the show, but Sophie helps him do it anyway. Randall, Beth, their girls, Rebecca, and Miguel travel across the country to see the live episode. Randall and Beth take a walk during the taping to discuss Randall's worries about fostering an older child who could have major issues. Also during the taping, Kate gets a call for her first gig; however, she does not want her mother to criticize her performance, so Kate asks both Rebecca and Toby not to follow her, but they do anyway. Later, Kate confronts Rebecca about how she has always treated her. Rebecca seeks support from Toby, but he clearly sides with Kate, which wins Rebecca's approval. After the episode taping, Beth learns from Kevin that Randall only risked failure once: in asking her out. Beth reassures Randall they can go through with their plan. In flashbacks, Jack confesses to teenage Kate that he has an alcoholism problem. Jack (when on the wagon before) vented his anger on a punching bag; this time, he lets Rebecca take him to an AA meeting.

21
3
"Déjà Vu"
John Requa & Glenn Ficarra
Isaac Aptaker & Elizabeth Berger
October 10, 2017 (2017-10-10)
2AZC03
11.02[15]

On Kevin's movie set, Kate—excited that Sylvester Stallone is his co-star—bonds with "Sly" and tells him what his films meant to her father, and about his death. After talking with Stallone, Kevin's memories of his dad surface, affecting his performance in a scene. Randall learns that a young girl, Deja, is being brought to his home. Later, when Deja yells at Beth for "stealing" her mom's cigarettes, Randall defends his wife, and Deja shrinks to defend herself from apparent aggression. Randall talks to Deja about the joy he found in having Jack and Rebecca, as well as William. Kevin takes pain medication after injuring his knee—his old football injury—from a scene explosion during filming. In flashbacks, when the kids are teenagers, Jack talks about his efforts to rehabilitate from alcoholism; Randall tries to find his birth parents through an ad, and is comforted by Kate and Kevin after a woman claims to be his birth mother for his family's money.

22
4
"Still There"
Ken Olin
Vera Herbert
October 17, 2017 (2017-10-17)
2AZC04
10.65[16]

Randall takes his daughters and Deja bowling, which does not go as expected. Beth offers to help Deja take care of her hair, and the two bond. Randall admits to Deja that he has had problems with nervous breakdowns and has taken up running to deal with his anxiety; he invites her to come with him. Kevin undergoes surgery on his injured knee, and continues to overuse his pain medication. Kate visits a gynaecologist for an ultrasound, revealing that she is pregnant. In flashbacks, Kate and Kevin contract the chicken pox, and their doctor urges Randall to do his best to catch them as well so it would not occur later for him. Rebecca's mother pops in intent on staying for a while, and her overbearing attitude and the fact that she treats Randall differently than Kate and Kevin leads to Rebecca confronting her about it all and calling her a racist, which Randall overhears. Rebecca's mother takes her words to heart and reaches out to Randall, recognizing for the first time how special he is.

23
5
"Brothers"
John Requa & Glenn Ficarra
Tyler Bensinger
October 24, 2017 (2017-10-24)
2AZC05
10.60[17]

Kate and Toby share news of her pregnancy. Kevin, set to be auctioned off by Sophie for a large-scale charity event she is hosting, gets drunk while trying to get a pain medication prescription; he misses the auction, embarrassing Sophie. Randall earns Deja's trust. In the past, when Jack takes 10-year-old Kevin and Randall camping, Rebecca learns that Jack's father is dying. She calls Jack, but he had issues with his father, and he is trying to have Kevin get along with Randall, so Jack says that he will not return. Rebecca reassures Jack's father (who sees his granddaughter, Kate) that Jack is a great father and husband. Kevin finds a notebook where Randall wrote notes of how to keep peace between them, motivating him to be nice to Randall. Later, Jack looks at a picture of him and his brother in the army. During Jack's childhood, he and his never-before-seen brother await their father's return to the car as he gets drunk at a bar.

24
6
"The 20's"
Regina King
Don Roos
October 31, 2017 (2017-10-31)
2AZC06
8.43[18]

In flashbacks, with the 10-year-old Big Three, Rebecca takes Randall trick-or-treating, while Jack takes Kate and Kevin to a haunted house. Randall learns about Kyle's death from the neighbors; Rebecca then tells him the facts of his adoption. In other flashbacks, with the Big Three being in their twenties, Kate finds out she is involved with a married man. Kevin, desperate for work as an actor, attempts to steal a role from his roommate and best friend. Meanwhile, Randall and Beth prepare for the arrival of their first daughter. Beth unexpectedly goes into labor after agreeing to help Rebecca get a Facebook account. With no time to get to the hospital, Randall helps Beth through a home delivery. Kate and Kevin commiserate about their deadbeat lives and decide to live together. When Rebecca posts a photo of her granddaughter on Facebook, she gets a message from Miguel, asking how she has been the last 8 years. (Jack's death was sometime before Miguel last saw Rebecca.)

25
7
"The Most Disappointed Man"
Chris Koch
Kay Oyegun
November 7, 2017 (2017-11-07)
2AZC07
9.89[19]

Jack and Rebecca prepare to finalize Randall's adoption when Randall is a year old. Their case worker gives a glowing recommendation, but their judge is against interracial adoption. After Rebecca's letter about being Randall's mother, the judge recuses himself; the new judge grants the adoption. Concurrently, William pleads guilty to a drug charge. Although the judge is disappointed because William had a clean record, William claims to be more disappointed, due to the loss of his loved ones and son. The judge visits William in jail, offering to reduce the sentence and get him help, if he stays sober. William keeps this promise for at least 30 years, until hearing his cancer is terminal. As he is about to use, Randall introduces himself as William's biological son. In the present, Randall takes Deja to visit her mother Shauna in prison, but Shauna declines the visit. Randall later talks to Shauna, who intends to take Deja back after her release. He lets Shauna call Deja collect. Kevin's relationship with Sophie deteriorates as he continues abusing pain medication and alcohol. Kate and Toby announce their pregnancy to Kevin, plan to get married at city hall, but then consider a big wedding.

26
8
"Number One"
Ken Olin
K.J. Steinberg
November 14, 2017 (2017-11-14)
2AZC08
10.05[20]

In flashbacks, baby Kevin walks first. Teenage Kevin disrespects a Pitt football recruiter, thinking Pitt inferior, so Jack scolds Kevin. As Jack speaks with his sponsor, and recites the serenity prayer, Kevin remains flippant, but Jack apologizes to Kevin. A game injury ends Kevin's football prospects while Jack and Randall are away at a college tour. Jack comes to the hospital and assures Kevin he has other talents, and will find his purpose. Kevin apologizes for his attitude. Jack gives him a pendant, symbolizing "purpose", given to him in Vietnam at a personal low point. Jack says Kevin is his purpose. Present-day Kevin, exhausted by substance abuse, is an honored alumnus at his high school. His football coach introduces him; Kevin imagines Jack giving the speech. Kevin declares himself unworthy of his award. He pantomimes football on the field, giving play-by-play commentary on his failures. He has sex with fellow honoree Charlotte, a doctor, and uses her prescription pad to create a forgery; he quickly leaves a pharmacy after police enter, having left the pendant in Charlotte's house, but she keeps him out. He collapses, begging for help. He visits Randall, who assumes Kevin's desire to talk concerns Kate's miscarriage.

27
9
"Number Two"
Ken Olin
K.J. Steinberg & Shukree Hassan Tilghman
November 21, 2017 (2017-11-21)
2AZC09
9.34[21]

In flashbacks, baby Kate walks second. Teenage Kate bonds with the dog, Louie. Kate seems unconcerned with college applications; Rebecca is pleased to discover Kate's application for Berklee. At Kevin's game, Kate accepts Rebecca's praise just as Kevin is injured. At the hospital, Kate admits she feared disappointing Rebecca; Rebecca acknowledges their emotional distance, but is ready to support Kate when needed. Kate watches her parents embrace. Present-day Kate talks to her unborn baby; she and Toby focus on her prenatal care, but she miscarries. Kate leaves a singing gig, overcome at seeing a family; she loads a buffet plate but leaves it untouched. Toby works frantically to avert the delivery of a baby bath. At home, Kate blames Toby for getting her excited about the baby; she tells Toby that the miscarriage didn't happen to him, but he asserts that he shares their loss. Rebecca arrives and Kate accepts her support. Kate admits feeling she hurt Toby by miscarrying; Rebecca shares that concealing from Jack her grief over triplet Kyle's death led her to a breakdown in a supermarket after six weeks. Kate tells Toby how she feels, and they agree to try again soon; they reaffirm their love.

28
10
"Number Three"
Ken Olin
Shukree Hassan Tilghman
November 28, 2017 (2017-11-28)
2AZC10
10.94[22]

In flashbacks, baby Randall walks third. Jack expects teenage Randall to attend Harvard, but lets Randall tour Howard. Jack takes the official tour; a friend shows Randall around. Randall tells Jack that others' reactions make him feel "off-balance" as the only black family member. Jack shows Randall the Vietnam Veterans Memorial; Jack felt off-balance when he returned from the war. Jack believes Randall will find balance and be "spectacular". They return to Pittsburgh for hospitalized Kevin; Jack admits monitoring all three children is difficult. In the present, the charges against Deja's mother Shauna are dropped; Randall and Beth consider fighting for custody. Randall recalls William's account of following Rebecca home after her second visit; he realized Randall had a full life without him, and left. Randall observes Shauna preparing for Deja's homecoming, and realizes Deja's home is with Shauna; Beth agrees. They attend Deja's school presentation. Shauna takes Deja home; Randall offers help. Randall and Beth agree to foster again; a young boy meets with his social worker. Kevin arrives, but leaves quickly after drinking vodka. Kevin is speeding—Tess, hidden in his backseat because she "hates" home, admonishes him; Kevin is arrested for DUI; Tess is safe.

29
11
"The Fifth Wheel"
Chris Koch
Vera Herbert
January 9, 2018 (2018-01-09)
2AZC11
9.65[23]

When the kids are 10, Jack takes the family to a cabin vacation, getting Kevin after football camp. Randall's new glasses are missing. Rebecca notices Kate's food obsession; Jack has her exercise, but takes her for ice cream. During a thunderstorm, Kevin brings Randall's glasses to their parents' room—where Kate and Randall are sleeping. He sleeps on the floor. Present-day Toby finds junk-food trash. Tess tells her parents she was sad when Deja had to leave. The family visits Kevin at rehab; Barbara, the facilitator, wants only immediate family at Kevin's first session. Kevin apologizes to the family, but Barbara has him discuss family issues. Kevin says they are a family of addicts. Kevin felt like an outcast ("fifth wheel"): Kate had Jack's support; Rebecca loved Randall more than Kevin. Randall scolds Kevin; Rebecca, crying, says why Randall was easier to love. Toby, Beth, and Miguel, at a bar, discuss being outsiders, Miguel the only one who knew Jack. After the session, the Big Three reconcile. Kate admits to Toby about hiding junk food since miscarrying. Rebecca tells Kevin why she never worried about him, but they had their moments. (In the flashback, Rebecca joins Kevin on the floor.)

30
12
"Clooney"
Zetna Fuentes
Bekah Brunstetter
January 16, 2018 (2018-01-16)
2AZC12
9.82[24]

Jack and Rebecca take the teenage Big Three shopping for suits and dresses for the winter formal and Jack's job. Randall asks a redhead girl out. Though the teenagers are almost starting college, Jack again wants to start "Big Three Homes" (which he put aside to support his family). Presently, William's stray cat "Clooney" wanders. After rehab, Kevin stays with Rebecca—whom Miguel is protecting, since Kevin upset her by getting arrested and criticizing her at rehab. Miguel later tells Kevin that Jack and Rebecca were a unified couple, not individuals; he did not love Rebecca while Jack was alive, but does now and is staying. Kate befriends Madison from support group; they go wedding dress shopping; Kate discovers Madison's bulimia. Madison later faints and calls Kate for help. Kate says losing weight as a teenager did not make her happy. Randall visits Beth at work; she says working again would help him. Randall gets William's box from storage, searches for a lady about whom William wrote and drew, and discovers from a picture it was Billie Holiday. Randall tells Beth he wants to buy and manage the run-down building with her. In the flashback, they forget smoke detector batteries.

31
13
"That'll Be the Day"
Uta Briesewitz
Kay Oyegun & Don Roos
January 23, 2018 (2018-01-23)
2AZC13
9.37[25]

Around 1980, an elderly couple look through their junk, including a jukebox which would play "That'll Be the Day". When their house gets a buyer, the man gives his neighbor, Jack, a slow cooker with a tricky switch. In 1998, Jack and Rebecca watch the Super Bowl alone as the teenagers are otherwise occupied—Kevin is with Sophie, Randall is on a date, and Kate is making a music college audition tape (which Jack videotapes, to Kate's initial disapproval). Presently, Randall and Beth buy William's old building. Kevin helps Randall do repairs; they soon find themselves overwhelmed—and bugs, so the building is vacated when an exterminator is called. When Toby looks for a dog on the internet, Kate—with mixed feelings—adopts a dog. Kevin tries to make amends to Sophie, receives his missing pendant in the mail—and knows that he cannot make amends to his dad. In 1998, the old slow cooker's faulty switch causes a house fire.

32
14
"Super Bowl Sunday"
John Requa & Glenn Ficarra
Dan Fogelman
February 4, 2018 (2018-02-04)
2AZC14
26.97[26]

In 1998, Jack evacuates the family (Kevin is away) from the burning house, then retrieves Kate's dog and family mementos. Jack, hospitalized for smoke inhalation, dies suddenly of cardiac arrest, to Rebecca’s shock. She tells Miguel, Randall, and Kate; Kate tells Kevin. On the 20th anniversary of Jack's death, Kate's VCR damages her audition tape Jack recorded—and saved from the fire—which she watches cathartically, blaming herself. Toby gets the tape repaired and digitized. Kate tells Toby he strengthens her, and Jack would have loved him. Kevin visits Jack's memorial tree, admitting not living up to Jack's legacy, but wanting to make him proud. Rebecca makes Jack's favorite lasagna, and bonds with Kevin. Randall holds a Super Bowl party to commemorate Jack, but is emotional when the family's new pet lizard dies. Tess admits trying to prevent social workers from calling, fearing recent changes mean Randall wants a "new life". He reassures her he will always be devoted to her; she is happy the family participates in fostering. Deja unexpectedly arrives; Randall and Beth comfort her. The boy seen earlier is placed with a couple; the social worker is adult Tess, whom older Randall meets for dinner.

33
15
"The Car"
Ken Olin
Isaac Aptaker & Elizabeth Berger
February 6, 2018 (2018-02-06)
2AZC15
10.13[27]

Jack buys a costly Wagoneer because his young children love it. The Pearsons, going to see "Weird Al" Yankovic, slowly cross a bridge Rebecca fears. Jack drives Rebecca, awaiting MRI results, to his "favorite tree” (nearest a pay phone); Rebecca is fine, as Jack anticipated. Jack predicts he will die first; he asks to be outside, not buried. The brothers fight during Randall's driving lesson; Jack exhorts them to be close like him and his brother, who died in Vietnam. Jack drives truant Kate to Alanis Morissette's autograph session; they compare Morrissette with Bruce Springsteen. Rebecca drives the teenagers to Jack's funeral, stalking the urn because she was not in Jack's room when he died. Dr. K—married to Anne—attends; he tells Rebecca Jack often sought his advice and she has always been strong. Kate decides to give away her dog; Rebecca affirms that Jack's death is not Kate's fault—Jack made his own decisions. The brothers bicker over manly duties; Rebecca tells them to remain teenagers; they make peace. The Pearsons scatter Jack's ashes at the tree; Kate keeps some. Jack had purchased Springsteen tickets for that night; Rebecca drives the family to the concert—crossing the bridge.

34
16
"Vegas, Baby"[28]
TBA
TBA
February 27, 2018 (2018-02-27)
2AZC16
TBD

text: Production[edit]

text: Development[edit]

text: On January 18, 2017, NBC renewed the series for a second and third season of 18 episodes each, for a total of 36 additional episodes.[29] Dan Fogelman, Isaac Aptaker, and Elizabeth Berger serve as the season's showrunners.[30]

text: Casting[edit]

text: Main cast members Milo Ventimiglia, Mandy Moore, Sterling K. Brown, Chrissy Metz, Justin Hartley, Susan Kelechi Watson, Chris Sullivan, and Ron Cephas Jones return from the first season as Jack Pearson, Rebecca Pearson, Randall Pearson, Kate Pearson, Kevin Pearson, Beth Pearson, Toby Damon, and William H. Hill, respectively.[1] Jon Huertas and Alexandra Breckenridge, who recurred as Miguel and Sophie, respectively, throughout the first season, were subsequently promoted to the principal cast in the second season.[1] Also promoted to series regulars are young actors Hannah Zeile as teenage Kate, Niles Fitch as teenage Randall, Logan Shroyer as teenage Kevin, Mackenzie Hancsicsak as young Kate, Parker Bates as young Kevin, Faithe Herman as Annie Pearson, and Eris Baker as Tess Pearson. Lonnie Chavis will continue to recur as young Randall.[2]

text: In August 2017, Sylvester Stallone and Debra Jo Rupp were cast in guest starring roles.[6][7]

text: Filming[edit]

text: The show was awarded over $9.9 million in tax incentives by the California Film Commission for its second season.[31] Production on the season began on July 11, 2017, in Los Angeles.[32]

text: Release[edit]

text: Broadcast[edit]

text: The second season was originally set to move to a Thursday timeslot, to anchor a new Must See TV lineup, alongside Will & Grace, Great News and Law & Order True Crime: The Menendez Murders, with NBC chairman Bob Greenblatt explaining, "While this is a bit risky, there is a bigger case to be made about redoing Thursday night. If there is one show we could move, it would be this one."[33] However, on May 30, 2017, NBC decided to keep the series on Tuesdays at 9 pm EST,[34] allowing it a run of 10 uninterrupted original episodes in the fall.[35]

text: The season began airing on September 26, 2017, on NBC in the United States,[36] and on CTV in Canada.[37] This Is Us served as the lead-out program for Super Bowl LII on February 4, 2018.[38]

text: Reception[edit]

text: Critical response[edit]

text: The review aggregator website Rotten Tomatoes reported a 95% approval rating with an average rating of 8.12/10 based on 20 reviews.[39]

text: Ratings[edit]

text:
No.
Title
Air date
Rating/share
(18–49)
Viewers
(millions)
DVR
(18–49)
DVR viewers
(millions)
Total
(18–49)
Total viewers
(millions)

1
"A Father's Advice"
September 26, 2017
3.9/13
12.94[13]
2.6
6.93
6.5
19.87[40]

2
"A Manny-Splendored Thing"
October 3, 2017
3.1/11
11.06[14]
2.4
6.15
5.5
17.21[41]

3
"Déjà Vu"
October 10, 2017
2.8/10
11.02[15]
2.2
6.11
5.0
17.13[42]

4
"Still There"
October 17, 2017
2.9/10
10.65[16]
2.3
6.32
5.2
16.97[43]

5
"Brothers"
October 24, 2017
2.8/10
10.60[17]
2.2
6.09
5.0
16.69[44]

6
"The 20's"
October 31, 2017
2.0/7
8.43[18]
2.4
6.50
4.4
14.94[45]

7
"The Most Disappointed Man"
November 7, 2017
2.5/9
9.89[19]
2.3
6.28
4.8
16.17[46]

8
"Number One"
November 14, 2017
2.6/9
10.05[20]
2.2
6.10
4.8
16.15[47]

9
"Number Two"
November 21, 2017
2.5/9
9.34[21]
2.0
5.71
4.5
15.05[48]

10
"Number Three"
November 28, 2017
2.8/10
10.94[22]
2.0
5.65
4.8
16.60[49]

11
"The Fifth Wheel"
January 9, 2018
2.7/9
9.65[23]
2.3
6.34
5.0
15.99[50]

12
"Clooney"
January 16, 2018
2.5/9
9.82[24]
2.5
6.35
5.0
16.18[51]

13
"That'll Be the Day"
January 23, 2018
2.5/9
9.37[25]
2.6
7.10
5.2
16.58[52]

14
"Super Bowl Sunday"
February 4, 2018
9.3/32
26.97[26]
2.3
6.44
11.6
33.40[53]

15
"The Car"
February 6, 2018
2.7/10
10.13[27]
TBD
TBD
TBD
TBD

text: Accolades[edit]

text:
Year
Award
Category
Recipient(s) and nominee(s)
Result
Ref.

2018
NAACP Image Awards
Outstanding Drama Series
This Is Us
Nominated
[54]

Outstanding Actor in a Drama Series
Sterling K. Brown
Nominated

Outstanding Supporting Actress in a Drama Series
Susan Kelechi Watson
Nominated

Outstanding Writing in a Drama Series
Vera Herbert for "Still There"
Nominated

Outstanding Performance by a Youth
Lonnie Chavis
Nominated


document_title: Chevrolet Corvette (C6)

question_text: how much hp does a z06 corvette have

question_tokens: how much hp does a z06 corvette have

text: Chevrolet Corvette (C6)

text: Overview[edit]

text: The Corvette C6 featured new bodywork with exposed headlamps, revised suspension geometry, a larger passenger compartment, a larger 6.0 L (364 cu in; 5967 cc) engine and a higher level of refinement.[2] It is 5.1 inches (13 cm) shorter than the C5, but the wheelbase was increased by 1.2 inches (3 cm). It is also one inch (2.5 cm) narrower. The 6.0 L LS2 V8 produces 400 hp (298 kW) at 6000 rpm and 400 lb⋅ft (542 N⋅m) of torque at 4400 rpm. Like the C5, the Corvette C6's suspension consisted of independent unequal-length double wishbones with transverse fiberglass mono-leaf springs and optional magnetorheological dampers.

text: With an automatic transmission, the Corvette achieves 15 mpg‑US (16 L/100 km; 18 mpg‑imp) / 25 mpg‑US (9.4 L/100 km; 30 mpg‑imp) mpg (city/highway); the manual-transmission model gets 16 mpg‑US (15 L/100 km; 19 mpg‑imp) / 26 mpg‑US (9.0 L/100 km; 31 mpg‑imp) mpg.[3] The Corvette's manual transmission is fitted with Computer Aided Gear Shifting (CAGS), obligating the driver to shift from 1st directly to 4th when operating at lower RPM. This boosts the EPA's derived fuel economy thus allowing the buyer to avoid paying the "gas guzzler" tax. GM badges were added to the car in 2006.

text: Beginning with the 2008 model year, the Corvette received a new engine, the LS3. With displacement increased to 6.2 liters (376 cu in; 6162 cc),[4] power was increased to 430 hp (321 kW) at 6500 rpm and 424 lb⋅ft (575 N⋅m) of torque at 4600 rpm, or 436 hp (325 kW) and 428 lb⋅ft (580 N⋅m) with the optional vacuum actuated valve exhaust.[5] The previous Tremec T56 transmission on manual Corvettes was replaced with a new version, the TR6060, in model year 2008.[6] Manual Corvettes have improved shift linkage; the automatic model is set up for quicker shifts, and (according to Chevrolet) goes from 0 to 60 mph in 4.0 seconds, faster than any other production automatic Corvette.[7]  From 2008 onward, steering was revised for improved feel and the wheels were updated to a new five-spoke design.[7]  The last Corvette C6, a white 427 convertible, was completed on February 28, 2013.[8]

text: The Z06 arrived as a 2006 model in the third quarter of 2005 and is the lightest of all Corvette models. The Z06 was equipped with the largest-displacement small-block engine ever produced, a new 7,011 cc (7.0 L; 427.8 cu in) engine codenamed LS7 produced 505 bhp (512 PS; 377 kW) @ 6300 rpm and 470 lb⋅ft (637 N⋅m) @ 4800 rpm of torque,[9] is the most powerful naturally aspirated engine put into a production car from General Motors. In addition to the larger displacement engine, the Corvette Z06 has a dry sump oiling system, and connecting rods made out of titanium alloy. The frame of the Z06 is constructed from aluminum, saving 136 pounds (61 kg) over the standard steel frame. Other weight saving measures such as balsa wood/carbon fiber composite floors and a magnesium alloy engine cradle were used. The Z06's body differentiates itself from the standard Corvette with its larger front and rear fenders and an intake inlet scoop on the front bumper. The front fenders are constructed with carbon fiber and the rear fenders contain ducts to aid in cooling the rear brakes. The Z06 weighed 3,130 lb (1,420 kg),[10] giving it a weight to power ratio of 6.2 pounds per horsepower (3.8 kg/kW), allowing it to achieve a fuel economy of 15 mpg‑US (16 L/100 km; 18 mpg‑imp) in the city and 24 mpg‑US (9.8 L/100 km; 29 mpg‑imp) on the highway.[11] The Z06 was the official pace car for both the 2006 Daytona 500 and the Indianapolis 500 race. Car and Driver recorded a 0-60 mph time of 3.6 seconds and 1/4 mile in 11.7 seconds at 125 mph in October 2005. A pre-production/pre-official model was recorded by AMS against the 483bhp Porsche 996 GT2 with a slower 0-60 time of 4.3 seconds and a 0-to-400-meter time of 12.7 seconds in May 2004.[12]The Z06 contains the following enhancements over the standard C6 Corvette:

text:
Hand-built LS7 7.0L 427 CID V8 with dry sump oiling system
Aluminum chassis with fixed roof
Larger/stiffer anti-sway bars
Stiffer springs and shocks
Larger rear spoiler and front splitter
Transmission cooler
Unique front fascia with intake inlet
Wider carbon fiber front and fiberglass rear fenders
Functional front and rear brake ducts for added brake system cooling
Unique light weight forged aluminum 18-inch front and 19-inch rear wheels; painted finish standard and chromed finish optional
Wider 275/35ZR18 tires in the front and wider 325/30ZR19 tires in the rear
Larger 6-piston front and 4-piston rear calipers, including cross-drilled 355 mm (14.0 in) front rotors and 340 mm (13 in) rear rotors
Can be ordered with 1LZ, 2LZ, and 3LZ trim packages.

text: For 2011 the Z06 carbon edition was introduced, which carries over multiple parts from the ZR1 including carbon ceramic brakes, active suspension, and other carbon fiber aerodynamic pieces. Only 500 Z06 Carbon Editions were made. Actual production numbers were much lower, in total only about 250 were Carbon Editions and 250 were optioned the same but did not have the carbon hood. In 2012 and 2013, these options can be ordered through the Z07 package on the Z06.[13]

text: The ZR1 is a Corvette variant that was first reported by several print and online publications, based on rumors that General Motors was developing a production version of the Corvette above the Z06 level under the internal code name Blue Devil (named after CEO Rick Wagoner's alma mater, Duke University). The car was originally rumored to feature a supercharged LS9 engine producing more than 630 bhp (639 PS; 470 kW) with prices reported to exceed $130,000.99 USD.[14]

text:
The October 12, 2006 issue of AutoWeek published photos by photographer Chris Doane of a C6 with special auto-manufacturer-issued license plates on a Z06 with a hood bulge, widely thought to confirm the presence of a supercharger on the Blue Devil. Other names attached to the project included Corvette SS[15] and Corvette Z07.[16] In February 2007, a worker at a Michigan shipping company posted pictures online of a powertrain development mule that was being shipped to Germany, believed to be part of the Blue Devil program. The car had manufacturer's license plates, carbon-ceramic brakes, enlarged fender vents, a hood bulge, and an engine with a positive-displacement supercharger in the valley between the cylinder banks and a water-to-air intercooler atop it.
GM began to release details on the Blue Devil project in April 2007, and revealed the ZR1 in December. The company confirmed the existence of the project in an interview with Car and Driver on April 13. Power levels were confirmed to be between 600 and 700 horsepower (447 and 522 kW), but contrary to prior rumors of a supercharged 6.2 liter engine, the engine was only confirmed to have greater displacement than the 7.0 liter LS7 in the Z06.[17] Motor Trend confirmed the official name for the production Blue Devil, resurrecting the old ZR1 nameplate. The ZR1 had originally been used on developmental cars in 1971, and again as ZR-1 as the top performance model on the C4 Corvette.[18] General Motors officially revealed the 2009 Corvette ZR1 on December 19, giving a press release and photographs of the car. GM confirmed a supercharged 6.2 L LS9 V8 producing 638 bhp (647 PS; 476 kW) @ 6500 rpm and 604 lb⋅ft (819 N⋅m) @ 3800 rpm of torque.[19] A test of the ZR1 on the German autobahn reached a top speed of 192 mph (309 km/h), although the manufacturer claims it is engineered to reach 205 mph (330 km/h)[20]

text: Carbon fiber is used on the roof, hood, fenders, front splitter, and rocker moldings; the hood and fenders are painted over, while the roof and splitter are merely covered in a clear-coat, retaining their black color. A polycarbonate window is placed in the center of the hood, allowing the engine intercooler to be seen from the exterior. The wheels are the largest ever placed on a production Corvette, with both front and rear wheels increasing in size and diameter over the Corvette Z06. Carbon-ceramic brakes are included. The brake calipers are painted blue, as are the engine intercooler trim and the ZR1 logo. Magnetic Selective Ride Control is also included on the car, with sensors to automatically adjust stiffness levels based on road conditions and vehicle movement.[21]

text: Grand Sport[edit]

text: The 2010 Grand Sport was unveiled at the 12th annual C5/C6 Corvette Birthday Bash, held at the National Corvette Museum.[22] The Grand Sport replaces the previous Z51 option.  The GS or Grand Sport was equipped with the following enhancements:

text:
Specific manual transmission with different gear ratios
Larger/stiffer anti-sway bars
Stiffer springs
Revised shocks
Larger Z06 rear spoiler
Transmission cooler
Functional front and rear brake ducts for added brake system cooling
Unique light weight forged aluminum 18-inch front and 19-inch rear wheels (painted finish standard and chromed finish optional)
Z06 brakes, including cross-drilled 355 mm (14.0 in) front rotors and 340 mm (13 in) rear rotors
Specific rear axle ratio on automatic transmission equipped models
Can be ordered with 1LT, 2LT, 3LT and 4LT trim packages.
Wider front and rear fenders with integrated Grand Sport badges
Wider 275/35ZR18 tires in the front
Wider 325/30ZR19 tires in the rear
6-piston front calipers and 4-piston rear calipers
Dry-sump oil system (Coupes equipped with manual transmissions only)
Hand-built LS3 6.2L V8 (Coupes equipped with manual transmissions only)
Manual models also include launch control.

text: Engines[edit]

text:
Type
Years Corvette

LS2
2005-2007

LS7
2006-2013

LS3
2008-2013

LS9
2009–2013

text: LS2 was replaced by LS3 in 2008 - 2013 vehicles.

text: LS3 engine in the GS convertible or Grand Sport coupe equipped with an automatic transmission is wet sump instead of dry sump.[23]

text: Limited Editions[edit]

text: Ron Fellows Special Edition (2007)[edit]

text: 399 Ron Fellows Special Edition Z06 Corvettes were produced in 2007 with an option cost of $7,500.00.  Option included Arctic White paint with Monterey Red Grand Sport style fender stripes, Arctic White "CORVETTE" script windshield banner, Ebony/Red interior, body color exterior door handles and full-width rear spoiler, unique console and dash pod trim pattern, Red center console lid with C6 logo embroidery (signed and numbered by Ron Fellows) and 427 hood emblems.

text: ZHZ (2008)[edit]

text: 500 examples of the ZHZ - mechanically a C6 coupé with the LS3 engine, 6-speed automatic transmission, vacuum actuated valve exhaust, F55 suspension and unique 7-spoke chrome wheels - were produced for The Hertz Corporation's Fun Collection for 2008 in targa versions. 350 convertibles were produced for Hertz in 2009.[24] All cars were finished in yellow with a broad black stripe along the hood and roof.[25]

text: GT1 Championship Edition (2009)[edit]

text: The GT1 Championship Edition is an option package for the C6 that was unveiled in the 2009 New York Auto Show.[26] It celebrates the Corvette C6.R's entry into the GT1 class of ALMS in 2009. Its Based on Corvette Coupe 4LT, Convertible 4LT or Z06, it comes with same yellow body hue that adorns the C6.R or "41U" black, along with a "Jake" graphic that spans the Championship edition's hood. Chrome wheels and a body-colored spoiler pulled from the ZR1 join a "carbon pattern" engine cover, while inside a leather-wrapped ebony interior contains "GT1" embroidered on the seats, an instrument panel and a center console armrest. Non-Z06 models also include a Z51 Performance Package and NPP Performance exhaust.

text: 100 units of each model (600 total) were built, each carrying a $7,840 premium over standard models.[27]

text: Z06 Carbon Limited Edition (2011)[edit]

text: In March 2010, Chevrolet announced that 500 Z06 Carbon Limited Editions will be made available as a 2011 model beginning in Summer 2010. The car will be available in two colors: Inferno Orange and an all-new Supersonic Blue. On the exterior, the car will get black headlamps and mirrors, a ZR1-style spoiler, carbon fiber hood, and black carbon fiber rockers and splitter. Inside, the Z06 Carbon has ebony leather and suede seats with body color-matching stitching. Other improvements include Magnetic Selective Ride Control, a special carbon engine cover, 20-spoke black 19-inch front/20-inch rear wheels, and ZR1’s carbon ceramic Brembo brakes.[28]

text: Centennial Edition (2012)[edit]

text: Order code "ZLC" was an equipment package celebrating 100 years of racing heritage at Chevrolet.  Offered exclusively in Carbon Flash Metallic, the Centennial Edition kit includes satin-black graphics and unique lightweight cast-spun aluminum Centennial Satin Black wheels that feature a thin red perimeter outline (on Z06 and ZR1 cars). All cars will come with red brake calipers and feature Magnetic Selective Ride Control.

text: Inside, Ebony leather with red stitching accents dominate, while the seats, steering wheel and armrests feature microfiber suede accents. The headrests have an embossed Centennial Edition logo and the steering wheel hub carries the same "Louis Chevrolet 100" graphic found on the car's B-pillar and wheel center caps. Arguably the most subtle variation to be found is seen in the signature crossed-flags exterior badge, which sees the traditional fleur-de-lis element replaced with "100" in all Centennial Edition cars.

text: Cadillac XLR[edit]

text: The Cadillac XLR is a luxury roadster that was marketed by Cadillac from 2004 to 2009 model years.[29] Assembled in Bowling Green, Kentucky, the XLR was based on the Chevrolet Corvette's Y platform. Designed to be more in the grand tourer market segment than a sports car, the XLR version featured different exterior and interior design, standard adaptive suspension system, a 4.6-liter Northstar V8 engine, and a power-retractable aluminum hardtop.[30]

text: Production notes[edit]

text:
Year
Production
Notes

2005
37,372
New C6 body is first with fixed headlights since 1962; no Z06 model and a late convertible introduction

2006
34,021
differential is re-designed; Z06 debuts; 6-speed automatic with paddle shift available on non-Z06 models

2007
40,561
6-speed automatic paddle shift delays are reduced drastically compared to 2006; larger glovebox

2008
35,310
LS3 introduced, Tremec TR6060 transmission, new steering system, NPP exhaust, improved interior on all models, All leather interior added (4LT, 3LZ)

2009
16,956
ZR1 model added, new "Spyder" wheels for Z06

2010
12,194
Grand Sport Coupe and Convertible added, replacing the Z51 performance packages, launch control standard with manual transmission

2011
13,596
Z06 Carbon limited edition; Z07 performance package added for Z06; new 5-spoke wheels for base models

2012
11,647
New seat design and steering wheel; Chevrolet Centennial Edition package offered

2013
13,466
427 Convertible collector edition added in final year for C6; 60th Anniversary design package offered

text: Concept cars[edit]

text: The Z06X was designed to be a factory built road race car similar to cars like the Porsche 911 GT3 Cup and Dodge Viper ACR-X.  The concept car was built by GM with the help of Pratt & Miller Engineering.  The Z06X features racecar components such as: carbon fiber adjustable rear wing, carbon fiber front splitter, full roll cage, fire suppression system, race seat, harness, carbon ceramic brakes, upgraded cooling system, polycarbonate rear window, adjustable coilovers, adjustable sway bars, and tow hooks; the radio, interior carpeting and sound-deadening materials have been removed.[31]  The suspension system was designed and supplied by Pfadt Race Engineering.[32]

text: Racing[edit]

text: File:Dijon Neon Callaway Wako's ED 2012 Super GT Sugo free practice.jpg

text: The C6.R was a replacement for the C5-R, built by Pratt & Miller, and unveiled for its first competition at the 2005 12 Hours of Sebring endurance race of the American Le Mans Series. It came in second and third in its class, just behind the new Aston Martin DBR9 race car. It was put on display a week later at the New York International Auto Show next to the Z06.

text: In 2006, the Corvette C6.R won both American Le Mans GT1 Championships: Teams and Manufacturers. On March 17, 2007 it won the GT1 class in the 12 Hours of Sebring.

text: For Le Mans 2007, four C6.R's were on the entry list, the two Corvette Racing entries joined by single entries from the Luc Alphand Aventures and PSI-Motorsport teams.

text: The heart of the C6.R, its LS7.R motor, was crowned as Global Motorsport Engine of the Year by a jury of 50 race engine engineers on the Professional Motorsport World Expo 2006 in Cologne, Germany.

text: As the GT1 class dwindled, Corvette Racing switched to the GT2 class during the 2009 ALMS season.

text: For 2011, the aerodynamics of the ALMS cars were modified to be similar to the ZR1. This car has since won the 2011 24 Hours of Le Mans in the GTE-Pro and GTE-Am classes. In 2012, the Corvette C6.R won again in the GTE-Am category.

text: In addition to the American Le Mans Series, Corvette C6.Rs also race in the FIA GT1 World Championship. The GT1 cars are given more power and have less aerodynamics restrictions than the Le Mans cars, which follow GT2 regulations.

text: Riley GT[edit]

text: Riley Technologies built a GT2-class Chevrolet Corvette for the 2008 American Le Mans Series. The car also raced at the 2009 Petit Le Mans, where it beat both Pratt & Miller-built factory cars in qualifying.

text: Entered in the FIA GT3 European Championship series as a GT3 class car, the Z06-R is a modified production Z06. Changes were necessary to make the car endurance race ready. These include a stripped interior, full rollcage for safety, center-locking wheels, carbon fiber doors, rear deck spoiler and front splitter. The LS7 and LS3-engine and drivetrain are built by APP Racing Engines from the Netherlands. The car is not road legal.

text: Eight Z06-R were constructed by Callaway Competition GmbH[33] in Leingarten, Germany, for the 2006 season. The French team Riverside campaigned a three car team.[34] In an effort to achieve parity among the disparate participants of the GT3 Series, three forms of handicapping were applied by the FIA regulators: additional vehicle weight, ride height, and tire compound selection. The Corvettes were raced with all three handicaps employed.[citation needed] The Z06R won the FIA GT3 European Championship in its second year of entry.[35] By 2011, all Z06-R teams discontinued their racing efforts in GT3, ending the car's FIA career. Z06-Rs are also campaigned in national championships.

text: Special Coverage for Service Recalls[edit]

text:
15682-03: Special Coverage – Primary Tank Module Flange Fuel and Vapor Leaks – (Jan 17, 2017)
Some 2007 to 2013 model year Chevrolet Corvette vehicles may have a condition where a fuel odor is detected, fuel droplets appear below the left-hand fuel tank with fuel gauge level above 1/2, or a malfunction indicator lamp illuminates due to a leak path in the left-hand fuel pump module flange. This special coverage covers the condition described above for a period of 10 years or 120,000 miles (193,000 km), whichever occurs first, from the date the vehicle was originally placed in service, regardless of ownership.[36]
Bulletin Description Special Coverage Adjustment Bulletin PDF


document_title: Great American Ball Park

question_text: who hit the first home run at great american ballpark

text: Great American Ball Park

text: History[edit]

text: Planning and funding[edit]

text: In 1996, Hamilton County voters passed a ½% sales tax increase to fund the construction of new venues for both the Reds and the Cincinnati Bengals of the National Football League (NFL).[5] The Reds and the Bengals had previously shared occupancy of Cinergy Field, but by the mid-1990s, they complained that the multi-purpose stadium lacked amenities necessary for small-market professional sports teams to compete and each lobbied for venues of their own.[11] Nearby Paul Brown Stadium broke ground in 1998 and was opened on August 19, 2000.

text: Design and construction[edit]

text: Great American Ball Park was built by the architectural firms Populous (then HOK Sport) and GBBN at a cost of approximately US$290 million. It is located on the plot of land between the former site of Cinergy Field and US Bank Arena; it was known locally as the "wedge". The limited construction space necessitated the partial demolition of Cinergy Field. It was fully demolished on December 29, 2002.[12]

text: Features[edit]

text: The original address of Great American Ball Park was 100 Main Street. However, after the death of former pitcher and longtime broadcaster Joe Nuxhall in 2007, the address was changed to 100 Joe Nuxhall Way. A sign bearing Nuxhall's traditional signoff phrase "rounding third and heading for home" is located on the third base side exterior of the park. The Cincinnati Reds Hall of Fame and Museum is adjacent to Great American Ball Park. In honor of Crosley Field, the Cincinnati Reds' home park from 1912 to June 1970, a monument reminiscent of the park's infamous left field terrace was built on the main entrance plaza on Joe Nuxhall Way; statues of Crosley-era stars Nuxhall, catcher Ernie Lombardi, first baseman Ted Kluszewski, and outfielder Frank Robinson are depicted playing an imaginary baseball game.[13]

text: The Gap. A 35-foot-(10.7-m)-wide break in the stands between home plate and third base called "The Gap" is bridged by the concourse on each level (see photo). Aligned with Sycamore Street, it provides views into the stadium from downtown and out to the skyline from within the park.

text: Power Stacks. In right center field, two smokestacks, reminiscent of the steamboats that were common on the Ohio River in the 19th and early 20th centuries, flash lights, emit flames and launch fireworks to incite or respond to the home team's efforts. When the Reds strike out a batter, fire blows out of the stacks beginning with the 2012 season (previously, steam was spewed out following a strikeout). Fireworks are launched from the stacks after every Reds home run and win. The seven baseball bats featured on both smokestacks symbolize the #14 of Pete Rose.[14][15] On May 15, 2015, a part of the top of the right smokestack caught on fire during the 6th inning of a Reds game, caused by a loose propane valve, causing smoke to be blown across the field, several sections of seats to be evacuated, and  the Cincinnati Fire Department being called to put it out. No one was injured.[16]

text: The Spirit of Baseball. A 50-foot-by-20-foot (15 x 6 m) Indiana limestone bas relief carving near the main entrance features a young baseball player looking up to the heroic figures of a batter, pitcher and fielder, all set against the background of many of Cincinnati's landmarks, including the riverfront and Union Terminal. Local designers and artist created the piece between 2001 and 2003 with concept, design and project oversight / management by Berberich Design. The illustrative artist was Mark Riedy, the sculptors of the scale model used for fabrication were Todd Myers and Paul Brooke with fabrication by Mees Distributors.

text: The Mosaics. Just inside the main gates off the Crosley Terrace you will find two mosaic panels measuring 16 feet wide by 10 feet high. The mosaics depict two key eras in Reds history: "The First Nine", the 1869 Red Stockings who were the first professional baseball team in history with a record of 57-0 in their first season and "The Great Eight", the famous Big Red Machine that won back-to-back World Series in 1975 and 1976. The mosaics were created between 2001 and 2003 with concept, design and project oversight / management by Berberich Design. The illustrative artist was Mark Riedy. These mosaic panels are made of opaque glass tiles and were produced in Ravenna, Italy by SICIS.

text: The Panoramas. Panoramas of downtown Cincinnati, Mt. Adams, the Ohio River and Northern Kentucky are visible from most of the park.

text: The Scoreboard. At 217 feet, 9 inches (66.4 m) wide, the scoreboard from Daktronics is the sixth largest in Major League Baseball, and the 15th largest in the United States out of all LED screens. The Reds paid $4 million to install a new, LED scoreboard and high definition video screen in time for the 2009 season. The scoreboard did not add any size from the previous, but added HD quality. The scoreboard clock was originally a replica of the Longines clock at Crosley Field,[17] but has since been modified.[18]

text: The Toyota Tundra Home Run Deck. If a Reds player hits the "Hit Me" sign located between the Power Stacks located in right field, a randomly selected fan will win the red Toyota Tundra pickup truck located on top of an elevator shaft approximately 500 feet (150 m) from home plate beyond the center field fence, which is valued at approximately US$31,000.

text: Crosley Terrace.

text: As a nod to Crosley Field, the Reds' home from 1912–1970, a monument was created in front of the main entrance to highlight the park's famous left-field terrace. Bronze statues of Crosley-era stars Joe Nuxhall, Ernie Lombardi, Ted Kluszewski, and Frank Robinson (created by sculptor Tom Tsuchiya) are depicted playing in an imaginary ballgame. The grass area of the terrace has the same slope as the outfield terrace at Crosley Field.[13][17]

text: 4192 Mural. A three-piece mural on the back of the scoreboard in left field depicts the bat Pete Rose used for his record-breaking 4,192nd hit and the ball he hit in 1985. This was replaced with new banners in 2015 as part of the All-Star Game upgrades.

text: Cincinnati Reds Hall of Fame and Museum. Located on the west side of Great American Ball Park on Main Street, the Hall of Fame and Museum celebrate the Reds' past through galleries and extensive use of multimedia. The Hall of Fame has been in existence since 1958, but did not previously have a building.

text: Riverboat Deck. A private party area located above the batter's eye.

text: Center Field. The dimension of 404 feet (123 m) in center field is a tribute to the same center field dimension in the Reds' previous home, Riverfront Stadium.

text: Riverfront Club. A glass encased restaurant on the third level of the stadium that serves upscale food and has views of the field and the river.

text: Rose Garden. Adjacent to both the stadium and the Reds Hall of Fame is a rose garden that symbolizes Pete Rose's record-breaking 4,192nd hit. It was strategically placed here because the ball landed around this area in Riverfront Stadium. The garden is visible from a stairwell in the hall of fame displaying the amount of balls that Rose hit.

text: Fan amenities[edit]

text: Nursing Suite. For the 2015 season, Great American Ball Park became the first MLB ballpark to feature a suite designed exclusively as a place for mothers to feed and care for their babies.[19] Reds COO Phil Castellini, a father of 5, says he felt compelled to do his best to provide a worthwhile solution after stadium officials told him an increasing number of women were asking where they could nurse their children at the ballpark.[20] The suite has 5 glider chairs, diaper-changing stations, a restroom, a kitchenette, refrigerator, lockers, and televisions showing the game. It's located on the Suite Level near the Champions Club elevators.[21]

text: Screen renovations for the 2009 season[edit]

text: After the 2008 season, all of the scoreboards in the park were replaced by new high-definition video displays. The Reds have a ten-year contract with the Daktronics company of Brookings, South Dakota, and also have contracted with Sony for the high-definition video cameras and production equipment, which will be operated from a renovated control room. A team of 25 people will be responsible for the content of the displays.

text: The previous displays were installed by the Trans-Lux company when Great American Ball Park was built. However, Trans-Lux went bankrupt, and the team could not find replacement parts.

text: "We were just limping through, hoping the old scoreboard would make it to the end of the 2008 season", said Reds spokesman Michael Anderson.[22]

text: Jennifer Berger, Reds senior director of entertainment, events and production said that the Cincinnati Reds will assume the responsibility of the cost of maintaining the displays; the fans will not have to bear the brunt of paying for them.

text: The team expects to save money in the long term due to the displays' increased energy efficiency.

text: Notable non-baseball events[edit]

text: Concerts[edit]

text:
Date

Artist

Opening act(s)

Tour / Concert name

Attendance

Revenue

Notes

August 28, 2010

Backstreet Boys

—

This Is Us Tour

—

—

August 4, 2011

Paul McCartney

DJ Chris Holmes

On The Run Tour

41,256 / 41,256

$4,158,146

This was his first Cincinnati appearance in 18 years.

June 28, 2014

BeyoncéJay Z

N/A

On the Run Tour

37,863 / 37,863

$4,250,931

[23][24]

July 19, 2014

Jason Aldean

Miranda LambertFlorida Georgia LineTyler Farr

Burn It Down Tour

39,196 / 39,196

$2,632,614

June 16, 2018

Luke Bryan

Sam HuntJon PardiMorgan Wallen

What Makes You Country Tour

TBA

TBA

August 4, 2018

Zac Brown Band

Leon Bridges

Down the Rabbit Hole Live

TBA

TBA

text: Other events[edit]

text:
On October 31, 2004, President George W. Bush and First Lady Laura Bush held a campaign rally in Great American Ball Park.
On April 27, 2008, a memorial service for Matt Maupin was held at Great American Ball Park.

text: Milestones and notable moments[edit]

text: Opening day (March 31, 2003)[edit]

text:
Statistic

Player(s)/Team

First game

vs. Pittsburgh Pirates

First hit

Ken Griffey Jr. (a double)

First home run

Reggie Sanders, Pirates

First Reds home run

Austin Kearns, later in the same game

First ceremonial first pitch

George H. W. Bush

First at-bat

Kenny Lofton (a ground out)

text: Other firsts[edit]

text:
Statistic

Details

Date

First grand slam

Russell Branyan

July 21, 2003

First playoff game

Game 3 NLDS

October 10, 2010

Fastest pitch ever

Aroldis Chapman zipped a fastball past Pittsburgh's Andrew McCutchen that registered 106 mph on the Great American Ball Park scoreboard.However, MLB.com's Pitch/FX tracker clocked the throw at 105.

April 18, 2011

Clinching division

Home Run vs. Houston Astros by Jay Bruce

September 28, 2010

First inside-the-park home run by the Reds

vs. Toronto Blue Jays by Drew Stubbs

June 17, 2011

Longest home run

Outfielder Adam Dunn hits the longest home run in Great American Ball Park history against José Lima and the Dodgers. The distance was 535 feet. The ball landed in the Ohio River, which, because the border with Kentucky is defined as the north shore of the river, the ball landed in Kentucky.

August 10, 2004

1,000 hits

Second baseman Brandon Phillips records his 1,000th hit with a home run against the Cleveland Indians

July 1, 2011

All-Star Game Hosted

American League @ National League

July 14, 2015

No-hitter

Reds pitcher Homer Bailey pitched the first no-hitter in the history of Great American Ball Park, beating the San Francisco Giants 3–0.

July 2, 2013

First no-hitter by a visiting pitcher

Jake Arrieta no-hit the Reds while pitching for the Chicago Cubs, who won 16–0.(This was the most lopsided no-hitter in Major League Baseball since Aug. 4, 1884, when the Buffalo Bisons' Pud Galvin threw an 18-0 no-hitter against the Detroit Wolverines.)

April 21, 2016

text: Attendance records[edit]

text: Bold indicates the winner of each game.

text:
Highest attendance at Great American Ball Park

Rank
Attendance
Date
Game result
Notes

1

44,599
October 10, 2010
Reds 0, Phillies 3
2010 NLDS, Game 3

2

44,501
October 9, 2012
Reds 1, Giants 2 (10)
2012 NLDS, Game 3

3

44,375
October 10, 2012
Reds 3, Giants 8
2012 NLDS, Game 4

4

44,142
October 11, 2012
Reds 4, Giants 6
2012 NLDS, Game 5

5

43,878
March 30, 2018
Reds 0, Nationals 2
2018 Opening Day, regular season record

6

43,804
April 3, 2017
Reds 3, Phillies 4
2017 Opening Day

7

43,683
April 4, 2016
Reds 6, Phillies 2
2016 Opening Day

8

43,656
July 14, 2015
National League 3, American League 6
2015 Major League Baseball All-Star Game

text: Statistics[edit]

text:
Ticket windows: 25
Concourse widths: 40 feet (12 m)
Escalators: 3
Passenger elevators: 14
Public restrooms: 47 (20 women, 20 men, 7 family)
Concession stands: 28
Parking spaces: 850
Club seats: 4,235
Suites: 63
Reds' playoff victories: 0