document_title: Horns (film)

question_text: who killed the girl in the movie horns

question_tokens: who killed the girl in the movie horns

text: Horns (film)

text: Plot[edit]

text: Ignatius "Ig" Perrish becomes the prime suspect when his girlfriend Merrin is raped and murdered. Despite his declarations of innocence, he is shunned by the community. He stays with his parents and brother Terry, hiding from the press. After a vigil led by Merrin's father, who believes Ig to be guilty, Ig drinks heavily, urinates over Merrin's memorial, and wakes up with a pair of horns protruding from his head.

text: While at his doctor to try and remove his horns, Ig, under anesthesia, dreams of his childhood, when he first met Merrin. A young Ig and his friends play with cherry bombs; Ig risks a dangerous dare to win a cherry bomb, and nearly drowns, but is saved by Lee, his childhood friend and now-lawyer. He later trades the cherry bomb with Lee in exchange for fixing Merrin's broken necklace; however, Lee loses two fingers when the cherry bomb goes off accidentally. Ig and Merrin bond over the fixed necklace and fall in love, frequenting a treehouse in the woods together.

text: The horns are revealed to force people around Ig to tell him their darkest secrets and desires, which, under Ig's bidding, they act upon. Ig goes to visit his parents, but under the power of the horns his mother reveals that she doesn't want him as her son, while his father tells him that he is worthless without Merrin and that a friend of his helped him burn down the lab where DNA tests were being conducted. Ig goes to a bar, where he goads the reporters into a brawl and attempts to find evidence that he didn't kill Merrin. Several people confess their deepest secrets, and the bartender burns down the building.

text: From one of the confessions Ig also learns that the new witness for the case is from the diner where Merrin broke up with him the night she died. Ig finds the waitress, and discovers that she has been fabricating her stories to become famous. When Ig talks to Terry, he learns that Terry had driven Merrin from the diner the night she died. When he touches Terry, Ig sees what happened that night: Merrin left the car en route to her home and ran into the woods; Terry passed out in the car, and woke up the next morning with a bloody rock in his hand, finding Merrin dead under the treehouse. Afraid that he would be implicated, he fled. Infuriated, Ig assaults Terry until he is arrested by Eric Hannity, a police officer and another childhood friend. The next morning Ig is released from jail with Lee's help, discovering that Lee had been wearing Merrin's cross necklace and as a result couldn't see Ig's horns.

text: Ig realizes that snakes are following him wherever he goes, and uses them to exact vengeance against the waitress. He also gets Eric to act on his feelings for his fellow police partner (who reciprocates his feelings) and forces Terry to overdose on drugs, causing Terry to be tormented with memories of Merrin's death. Ig meets Lee by the docks and pulls off Merrin's necklace; exposed to the horns, Lee falls under their influence, admitting he killed Merrin. In flashbacks, it is shown that Lee was also in love with Merrin and was deeply jealous of Ig throughout their childhood. Lee followed Merrin into the woods, thinking that she had broken up with Ig to be with him, and in a jealous rage raped her, killed her with a rock, planted it on Terry, and stole her necklace. In the ensuing confrontation, Lee overpowers him and lights him on fire in his car, causing Ig to drive into the bay, claiming that Ig confessed to the crime and committed suicide. In reality, with the power of the horns, Ig survives, horrifically burned and disfigured.

text: Merrin's father, who now believes Ig's innocence, gives Ig the key to Merrin's lock box. When Ig puts on Merrin's cross, his body is restored and his horns disappear. In the box, he finds a note from Merrin that explains that she knew he was going to propose, but she was dying from cancer and didn't want him to suffer, so she pushed him away under the pretense of loving someone else.

text: Ig confronts Lee, who does not remember their earlier fight, and leads him into the woods where Merrin was killed. Meanwhile, Eric and Terry arrive to arrest Lee. Lee confesses to the murder, but then gleefully kills Eric and injures Terry. Ig tears off the necklace, sprouting a pair of wings and bursting into flame, transforming into a demonic monster. Despite Lee mortally wounding him, Ig impales Lee on one of his horns and telepathically forces a snake down Lee's throat, killing him. Stating that his vengeance was all-consuming, Ig dies from his injuries and his smoldering corpse turns to hardened ash, and he appears to be reunited with Merrin in the afterlife.

text: Cast[edit]

text:
Daniel Radcliffe as Ignatius "Ig" Perrish, a 26-year-old man who wakes up after a drunken night to find two protrusions growing from his forehead, which give him the power to compel people to unravel their deepest secrets.[3] Radcliffe stated, "It’s a very, very different type of part than anything I've done before",[4][5] adding that the role was "deeply emotional and also incredibly outrageous in some ways".[6]

Mitchell Kummen as young Ig

Max Minghella as Lee Tourneau, Ig's childhood best friend and now lawyer.

Dylan Schmid as young Lee

Joe Anderson as Terry Perrish, Ig's alcoholic, drug-addicted older brother, who is also a talented musician.

Jared Ager-Foster as young Terry

Juno Temple as Merrin Williams, Ig's late girlfriend, who is raped and murdered.[7]

Sabrina Carpenter as young Merrin

Kelli Garner as Glenna

Laine MacNeil as young Glenna

James Remar as Derrick Perrish
Kathleen Quinlan as Lydia Perrish
Heather Graham as Veronica, The Waitress
David Morse as Dale Williams
Alex Zahara as Dr. Renald
Kendra Anderson as Delilah
Michael Adamthwaite as Eric Hannity, Ig's gay friend, who is now a cop.

Erik McNamee as young Eric

Desiree Zurowski as Radio reporter

text: Shia LaBeouf was originally set to play the lead, but was later replaced by Radcliffe.[8][9]

text: The band seen backing up Joe Anderson's character on lead trumpet is The Brass Action from Vancouver, British Columbia. The scene features the band's song, "The Devil Down Below".[10]

text: Production[edit]

text: This section needs expansion. You can help by adding to it. (September 2015)

text: Explaining his initial interest in the project, Alexandre Aja said "After reading Joe Hill's cult book, I couldn't resist temptation to dive into the devilish underworld and reinvent a universal myth".[11]

text: Principal photography started late September 2012, in British Columbia.[12][13] The filming took place in Vancouver, Mission, Surrey and Squamish,[14][15][16] completing shooting in December 2012.[14][17]

text: Release[edit]

text: The world premiere was held at the 2013 Toronto International Film Festival,[18]

text: The film was released in North America and the United Kingdom on October 31, 2014,[19][20] however the movie was also made available via digital download on iTunes as of October 6, 2014.[21]

text: Horns grossed a total of $3,875,442 worldwide in 31 days of release.[22]

text: The film's North American distribution rights were acquired by Dimension Films and RADiUS-TWC.[23] Anchor Bay Entertainment released the film on January 13, 2015 on DVD and Blu Ray.[24]

text: Critical response[edit]

text: Horns received mixed reviews from critics. Review aggregator Rotten Tomatoes gives a 41% approval rating based on 112 reviews with an average rating of 5.2/10. The consensus says "Horns is a bit of a tonal jumble, but it offers enough thoughtful horror-comedy—and strong work from Daniel Radcliffe—to hook genre enthusiasts."[25]

text: John DeFore of The Hollywood Reporter gave a positive review of the film, remarking, "While this all begins as a kind of supernatural black comedy ... the tone grows darker with each revelation".[26]

text: Joe Hill, who wrote the novel the film is based on, praised Radcliffe's performance, calling it a "wrenching, vulnerable, emotionally naked performance that isn’t like anything he’s ever done on screen before. He is such a wonderful Ig Perrish".[27]

text: The Guardian scored the film two out of five stars, calling it "a Dogma-style mash-up of grim comedy and religious satire".[28] Eric Kohn of IndieWire wrote, "Predominantly a failure of tone, "Horns" has plenty of admirable traits and yet dooms itself from the outset. It's an admirable conceit stuffed into far less subtle material".[29] Peter Debruge of Variety sensed that the film "benefits from the helmer's twisted sensibility, but suffers from a case of overall silliness".[30] Jonathan Weichsel of MoreHorror.com stated that "The cast is all around terrific, especially Daniel Radcliffe who is nothing short of phenomenal, and the set pieces are entertaining in that wild, over the top way that only horror can pull off effectively.".[31]


document_title: 2016 ICC World Twenty20 Final

question_text: whose 47-ball century against england was the only hundred of the main world t20 competition

root

text: 2016 ICC World Twenty20 Final

text: Background[edit]

text: Prior to the tournament, there were concerns that some of the West Indies players may withdraw from the tournament with a dispute over pay,[4] with a possibility of a second-string team being sent.[5] West Indies captain Darren Sammy had exchanged letters with the West Indies Cricket Board (WICB) expressing his concerns regarding the payment players were due to receive for taking part in the tournament.[6][7] Sammy went on to say that "...we want to play and will represent the West Indies to the best of our abilities".[8]

tag: p

text: Before this match England and the West Indies had played each other in two ICC finals – the final of the 1979 World Cup at Lord's and the final of the 2004 Champions Trophy final at the Oval – both of which the West Indies won. This was also the first final between two previous champions – England won the 2010 World T20 for their first ICC world championship while the West Indies won the 2012 World T20.

text: Both teams were drawn into Super 10s Group 1 alongside Afghanistan, Sri Lanka and South Africa. They played each other in their opening game on 16 March at the Wankhede Stadium in Mumbai, with the West Indies winning by six wickets with 11 balls to spare. West Indian opener Chris Gayle scored an unbeaten 100 runs off 47 balls, including 11 sixes, becoming the first player to hit two T20 International centuries.[9]

text: In addition, immediately before the men's final, the West Indies also won the women's tournament with an eight-wicket victory over three-time defending champions Australia, also at Eden Gardens, which gave them the chance to be the first to win both the men's and women's World Twenty20 on the same day.

text: Road to the Final[edit]

text: England[edit]

text: Despite having been the 2010 World T20 champions, England had not advanced past the group stage of the previous year's World Cup and had included only one member of their 2010 champion squad – Irish-born batsman and captain Eoin Morgan. Despite selecting a relatively inexperienced team, England did include players who had World Cup experience and had won Ashes series such as batsman Joe Root, wicketkeeper Jos Buttler and fast bowler Liam Plunkett.

text: After their loss to the West Indies, England beat South Africa with the highest successful run chase (229) in World T20 history before beating Afghanistan and then Sri Lanka to reach the semifinal. In the semifinal they came up against unbeaten New Zealand in Delhi. New Zealand made a strong start to be 89 for 1 after 10 overs, before tight bowling by Chris Jordan and Ben Stokes kept them to 153. English opener Jason Roy scored 78 off 44, a Man of the Match performance, to lead England to a seven-wicket victory with 17 balls remaining.[10]

text: West Indies[edit]

text: Despite subpar performances in Test and ODI play, the West Indies were confident heading into the tournament. Much of this was due to the number of players with IPL experience and that the majority were part of the 2012 champion squad, off-spinner Sunil Narine and all-rounder Kieron Pollard being notable exceptions.[11]

text: After prevailing against England, they defeated Sri Lanka in a rematch of the 2012 final and then South Africa. They suffered an upset loss to Afghanistan in their final group match, but with first place in the group already secured. In the semifinal they came up against the hosts India in Mumbai, and India batted first with Virat Kohli's unbeaten 89 off 47 propelling India to 192/2 in their 20 overs. In reply, Gayle was bowled for just 5 and Samuels was dismissed soon after to leave the West Indies in trouble at 19/2. However, power hitting saw the West Indies home, by seven wickets with two balls to spare. Late replacement Lendl Simmons led the chase, surviving being caught twice off no balls to score an unbeaten 82 off 51 balls and earn Man of the Match.[12]

text: Match details[edit]

text: Match summary[edit]

text: The West Indies started well with Badree bowling Roy for a duck with just the second ball and fellow opener Alex Hales being caught off Andre Russell in the second over. Morgan was caught at slip by Gayle off Badree to leave England at 3/23 after 4.4 overs. Root helped England climb back into the game with 54 off 36, but he was caught playing an uncharacteristic paddle sweep off Carlos Brathwaite. Dwayne Bravo then took two wickets in three balls dropping England from 110/4 to 111/7. Batting deep, England managed to finish at 155/9 after their 20 overs.[13]

text: Root was a surprising choice to bowl the second over of the West Indian innings but immediately dismissed both Gayle and fellow opener Johnson Charles. David Willey subsequently had Simmons out LBW for a golden duck leaving the West Indies 11/3 in the third over. A partnership of 75 between Bravo and Samuels kept the West Indies in the game and they were still a chance with 45 runs needed from the last four overs. Tight bowling left them nineteen runs behind going into the final over, but Brathwaite hit four consecutive sixes off the first four balls from Ben Stokes to seal the win.[13]

text: Only three West Indian batsmen reached double figures: Samuels, Brathwaite and Bravo. Samuels finished with an unbeaten 85 off 66, the highest score in World Twenty20 final history. Brathwaite broke the record for the most runs by a single batsman in the final over of a successful chase (Brathwaite's 24 beating Michael Hussey's 22 for Australia off Pakistan's Saeed Ajmal in the 2010 semifinals in St. Lucia). Samuels earned Man of the Match for his 85 not out for his second World Twenty20 final Man of the Match and his second final half century.

text: Victory meant that the West Indies had won their fourth ICC world championship after the 1975 and 1979 World Cups and the 2012 World Twenty20. It also gave them the honor of being the first to win two men's World Twenty20s and the first to win both the women's and men's tournaments on the same day.

text:
3 April
19:00 (D/N)
Scorecard

tag: table

text:
England
155/9 (20 overs)

v

 West Indies
161/6 (19.4 overs)

Joe Root 54 (36)
Carlos Brathwaite 3/26 (4 overs)

Marlon Samuels 85* (66)
David Willey 3/20 (4 overs)

text:
West Indies won by 4 wickets
Eden Gardens, Kolkata
Umpires: Kumar Dharmasena (SL) and Rod Tucker (Aus)
Player of the match: Marlon Samuels (WI)

text:
West Indies won the toss and elected to field.
West Indies become the first team to win two World Twenty20s[3]
West Indies won the ICC World Twenty20 2016
CR Brathwaite hit four consecutive sixes in the last over.
West Indies' fifth ICC world title overall (1975 and 1979 World Cups, 2004 Champions Trophy, 2012 and 2016 World Twenty20)

tag: ul

text: Match officials[edit]

text:
Umpires : Rod Tucker (Australia) and Kumar Dharmasena (Sri Lanka)
TV umpire : Marais Erasmus (South Africa)
Match referee : Ranjan Madugalle (Sri Lanka)
Reserve umpire : Bruce Oxenford (Australia)

text: Post match[edit]

text: At the presentation ceremony, man of the match Marlon Samuels dedicated his award to Shane Warne, saying "I answer with the bat, not the mic".[14] This was in response to an ongoing war-of-words between the two players that dates back to an altercation at the 2013–14 Big Bash League.[15] West Indies captain Darren Sammy criticised the WICB during the presentation speech, saying "I'm yet to hear from our own cricket board (during the tournament). That is very disappointing".[16][17] England captain Eoin Morgan said that "we let ourselves down with the bat and probably fell about 40 short"[18] and defended Ben Stokes bowling in the final over saying "it's not his fault".[19]

text: Following the conclusion of the match, the ICC named its World Twenty20 team of the tournament. This included two players from the West Indies team (Andre Russell and Samuel Badree) and four players from the England team (Jason Roy, Joe Root, Jos Buttler and David Willey).[20] In Saint Lucia, the Beauséjour Stadium was renamed the Darren Sammy National Cricket Stadium, following the West Indies win.[21]

text: On 25 April, the ICC reprimanded some of the West Indies players for their comments at the post-match interviews saying that "certain comments and actions were inappropriate, disrespectful and brought the event into disrepute".[22]


document_title: The Boy in the Striped Pyjamas

question_text: when did the boy in the striped pajamas take place

text: The Boy in the Striped Pyjamas

text:
The Boy in the Striped Pj's
UK first edition book coverAuthor
John BoyneCountry
IrelandLanguage
EnglishGenre
Historical / post modernPublisher
David Fickling BooksPublication date
5 January 2006Media type
Print (hard cover & paper back)Pages
216ISBN
0-385-60940-XOCLC
62132588Dewey Decimal
823.914 22LC Class
CS 2006/45764

text: The Boy in the Striped Pyjamas is a 2006[1] Holocaust novel by Irish novelist John Boyne. Unlike the months of planning Boyne devoted to his other books, he said that he wrote the entire first draft of  The Boy in the Striped Pyjamas in two and a half days, barely sleeping until he got to the end.[1] (He did, however, commit to nearly 20 years of research, reading and researching about the Holocaust as a teenager before the idea for the novel even came to him.) As of March 2010, the novel had sold more than five million copies around the world.[2]  In both 2007 and 2008, it was the best selling book of the year in Spain, and it has also reached number one on the New York Times bestseller list,[3] as well as in the UK, Ireland, and Australia.[not verified in body] The book was adapted in 2008 as a film of the same name.

text: Plot[edit]

text: Bruno is a 9-year-old boy growing up during World War II in Berlin. He lives with his parents, his 12-year-old sister Gretel and maids, one of whom is called Maria. After a visit by Adolf Hitler, Bruno's father is promoted to Commandant, and the family has to move to "Out-With" because of the orders of "The Fury" (Bruno's naïve interpretation of the word "Führer"). Bruno is initially upset about moving to Out-With (in actuality, Auschwitz)[4] and leaving his friends, Daniel, Karl and Martin. From the house at Out-With, Bruno sees a camp in which the prisoners wear striped pyjamas. One day, Bruno decides to explore the strange wire fence. As he walks along the fence, he meets a Jewish boy named Shmuel, who he learns shares his birthday. Shmuel says that his father, grandfather, and brother are with him on this side of the fence, but he is separated from his mother. Bruno and Shmuel talk and become very good friends, although Bruno still does not understand very much about Shmuel and his side of the fence. Nearly every day, unless it's raining, Bruno goes to see Shmuel and sneaks him food. As the meetings go on, and Shmuel gets more and more skinny, Bruno's naïveté is proved, as he never realizes he is living beside a concentration camp.

text: When lice eggs are discovered in Bruno's hair he is forced to get all of his hair shaved off. Bruno comments that he looks like Shmuel, and Shmuel agrees, except that Bruno is fatter. Bruno's mother eventually persuades his father to take them back to Berlin and stay at Out-With without them.

text: The next day Bruno concocts a plan with Shmuel to sneak into the camp to look for Shmuel's father. Shmuel brings a set of prison clothes (which look to Bruno like striped pyjamas), and Bruno leaves his own clothes outside the fence. As they search the camp, both children are rounded up along with a group of prisoners on a "march". They are forced to remove their clothing and are led into a gas chamber. In the gas chamber, Bruno apologizes to Shmuel for not finding his father and tells Shmuel that he is Bruno's best friend for life. It's unknown if Shmuel answers him, because as soon as the door is closed, the lights go out and all is chaos. However, Bruno is determined that even in chaos, he will never let go of Shmuel's hand.

text: Critics' reviews[edit]

text: Kathryn Hughes, writing in The Guardian, calls the novel "a small wonder of a book". While she comments on "the oddness of Auschwitz security being so lax that a child prisoner could make a weekly date with the commandant's son without anyone noticing", she describes the novel as "something that borders on fable", arguing that "Bruno's innocence comes to stand for the willful refusal of all adult Germans to see what was going on under their noses".[5]

text: Nicholas Tucker, writing in The Independent, calls the novel "a fine addition to a once taboo area of history, at least where children's literature is concerned. It provides an account of a dreadful episode short on actual horror but packed with overtones that remain in the imagination. Plainly and sometimes archly written, it stays just ahead of its readers before delivering its killer punch in the final pages."[6]

text: Ed Wright, writing in The Age of Melbourne, calls the novel "a touching tale of an odd friendship between two boys in horrendous circumstances and a reminder of man's capacity for inhumanity". He felt that "Bruno's friendship with Shmuel is rendered with neat awareness of the paradoxes between children's naïve egocentricity, their innate concept of fairness, familial loyalty and obliviousness to the social conventions of discrimination". He concludes by observing that "The Boy in the Striped Pyjamas is subtitled A Fable and, as in other modern fables such as Antoine de St.-Exupéry's The Little Prince, Boyne uses Bruno to reveal the flaws in an adult world".[7]

text: A. O. Scott, writing in The New York Times, questioned the author and publisher's choice to intentionally keep the Holocaust setting of the book vague in both the dust jacket summary and the early portion of the novel, writing: "Boyne's reluctance to say as much can certainly be defended, not least on the grounds that the characters in a story about the Holocaust are themselves most likely unaware of the scale and historical importance of their experiences. To recreate those experiences faithfully might require undoing some of the readers' preconceptions". However Scott felt this undermined the work, saying: "A young reader who knows little or nothing about the mass murder of European Jews by the Nazis will not know much more after reading The Boy in the Striped Pajamas, while one who has read other books on the topic — Jerry Spinelli's Milkweed, say, or Anne Frank's diary — may be irritated by the book’s evasions and euphemisms. There is something awkward about the way Boyne manages to disguise, and then to disclose, the historical context". Scott concludes that "[T]o mold the Holocaust into an allegory, as Boyne does here with perfectly benign intent, is to step away from its reality".[8]

text: Rabbi Benjamin Blech offered a historical criticism, contending that the premise of the book and subsequent film – that there could be a child of Shmuel's age in Auschwitz – was impossible, writing of the book: "Note to the reader: there were no 9-year-old Jewish boys in Auschwitz – the Nazis immediately gassed those not old enough to work."[9] Rabbi Blech affirmed the opinion of a Holocaust survivor friend that the book is "not just a lie and not just a fairytale, but a profanation". Blech acknowledges the objection that a "fable" need not be factually accurate; he counters that the book trivializes the conditions in and around the death camps and perpetuates the "myth that those [...] not directly involved can claim innocence", and thus undermines its moral authority.  Students who read it, he warns, may believe the camps "weren't that bad" if a boy could conduct a clandestine friendship with a Jewish captive of the same age, unaware of "the constant presence of death".[10]

text: Holocaust scholar Henry Gonashk rebuts Blech's historical contention in his book Hollywood and the Holocaust, writing that "[T]he rabbi found implausible Shmuel's very existence in the camp", but stating that "Blech is factually incorrect. In fact, there were male (though apparently not female) children at Auschwitz. In 1944, for example, according to the Nazis' meticulous records, there were 619 male children at the camp, ranging in age from one month to fourteen years old. Some of the boys were employed by the Nazis as camp messengers, while others were simply kept around as mascots and curiosities. Probably some of these children were sexually abused by the guards. Of course, thousands of other children at Auschwitz (including all the girls who arrived at the camp) were gassed".[11]


document_title: STR analysis

question_text: what do the letters str stand for as used in forensic science

text: STR analysis

text: A Short Tandem Repeat (STR) analysis is one of the most useful methods in molecular biology which is used to compare specific loci on DNA from two or more samples.  A short tandem repeat is a microsatellite, consisting of a unit of two to thirteen nucleotides repeated hundreds of times in a row on the DNA strand.  STR analysis measures the exact number of repeating units.  This method differs from restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis (RFLP) since STR analysis does not cut the DNA with restriction enzymes.  Instead, probes are attached to desired regions on the DNA, and a polymerase chain reaction (PCR) is employed to discover the lengths of the short tandem repeats.

text: Forensic uses[edit]

text: STR analysis is a tool in forensic analysis that evaluates specific STR regions found on nuclear DNA. The variable (polymorphic) nature of the STR regions that are analyzed for forensic testing intensifies the discrimination between one DNA profile and another.[1] Forensic science takes advantage of the population's variability in STR lengths, enabling scientists to distinguish one DNA sample from another. The system of DNA profiling used today is based on PCR and uses simple sequences[2] or short tandem repeats (STR). This method uses highly polymorphic regions that have short repeated sequences of DNA (the most common is 4 bases repeated, but there are other lengths in use, including 3 and 5 bases). Because unrelated people almost certainly have different numbers of repeat units, STRs can be used to discriminate between unrelated individuals. These STR loci (locations on a chromosome) are targeted with sequence-specific primers and amplified using PCR. The DNA fragments that result are then separated and detected using electrophoresis. There are two common methods of separation and detection, capillary electrophoresis (CE) and gel electrophoresis.

text: Each STR is polymorphic, but the number of alleles is very small. Typically each STR allele will be shared by around 5 - 20% of individuals. The power of STR analysis comes from looking at multiple STR loci simultaneously. The pattern of alleles can identify an individual quite accurately. Thus STR analysis provides an excellent identification tool. The more STR regions that are tested in an individual the more discriminating the test becomes.

text: From country to country, different STR-based DNA-profiling systems are in use. In North America, systems that amplify the CODIS 13 core loci are almost universal, whereas in the United Kingdom the DNA-17 17 loci system (which is compatible with The National DNA Database) is in use. Whichever system is used, many of the STR regions used are the same. These DNA-profiling systems are based on multiplex reactions, whereby many STR regions will be tested at the same time.

text: The true power of STR analysis is in its statistical power of discrimination. Because the 13 loci that are currently used for discrimination in CODIS are independently assorted (having a certain number of repeats at one locus does not change the likelihood of having any number of repeats at any other locus), the product rule for probabilities can be applied. This means that, if someone has the DNA type of ABC, where the three loci were independent, we can say that the probability of having that DNA type is the probability of having type A times the probability of having type B times the probability of having type C. This has resulted in the ability to generate match probabilities of 1 in a quintillion (1x1018) or more. However, DNA database searches showed much more frequent than expected false DNA profile matches.[3] Moreover, since there are about 12 million monozygotic twins on Earth, the theoretical probability is not accurate.

text: In practice, the risk of contaminated-matching is much greater than matching a distant relative, such as contamination of a sample from nearby objects, or from left-over cells transferred from a prior test. The risk is greater for matching the most common person in the samples: Everything collected from, or in contact with, a victim is a major source of contamination for any other samples brought into a lab. For that reason, multiple control-samples are typically tested in order to ensure that they stayed clean, when prepared during the same period as the actual test samples. Unexpected matches (or variations) in several control-samples indicates a high probability of contamination for the actual test samples. In a relationship test, the full DNA profiles should differ (except for twins), to prove that a person was not matched as being related to their own DNA in another sample.


document_title: Benefits (How I Met Your Mother)

question_text: how i met your mother read a magazine meaning

text: Benefits (How I Met Your Mother)

text: Plot[edit]

text: Ted and Robin become "friends with benefits" to deal with the stress of being roommates. Marshall catches them having sex while he's using Ted's bathroom. Marshall cannot use the work toilet, because his coworkers judge him. Barney says that he "reads a magazine" at work all the time, but he then asks for affirmation that they are talking about masturbation. Marshall blackmails Ted and Robin: he won't tell Lily and Barney about their sex, provided he can continue to use their bathroom, but gives in and tells about it. Barney breaks televisions outside MacLaren's to vent his anger, and when out of televisions, buys more to smash.

text: Ted and Robin's arrangement hits a snag when they accidentally kiss each other goodbye on Ted's way out, an old reflex when they were together, and decide to bring it to an end, but this lasts less than a day. Barney solves all of Ted and Robin's household problems to ensure they have no reason to have sex. Ted realizes that Barney loves Robin. Barney tells Lily about his heartbreak in front of her kindergarten class.

text: Marshall decides not to be ashamed and that his colleagues' attitude towards him changes. He relays his new-found confidence to Barney who finds it as motivation to tell Ted that he is in love with Robin. Barney tells Marshall that he can use his private bathroom.

text: When Robin relays Ted's ending of casual sex to Barney, she thinks Ted was afraid of getting hurt because he's too romantic. Barney confesses, saying "I love you" to Robin. Robin misunderstands and thinks he is imitating Ted. They go together for a meal, while Barney doesn't correct her. Barney gazes at Robin while she is laughing, and looks to Ted, who is okay with Barney's feelings for Robin.

text: Critical response[edit]

text: This section needs expansion. You can help by adding to it. (May 2014)

text: Donna Bowman of The A.V. Club gave the episode an A grade.[1]

text: With 11.85 million viewers, this is the 4th most watched episode of the entire series, behind "Last Forever", "The Pineapple Incident" and "The Naked Truth". It is also the most watched episode of season 4.


document_title: First Epistle to Timothy

question_text: when was the book of 1 timothy written

question_tokens: when was the book of 1 timothy written

text: First Epistle to Timothy

text: Composition

text: The author of First Timothy has been traditionally identified as the Apostle Paul. He is named as the author of the letter in the text (1:1). Nineteenth and twentieth century scholarship questioned the authenticity of the letter, with many scholars suggesting that First Timothy, along with Second Timothy and Titus, are not original to Paul, but rather to an unknown Christian writing some time in the late-first-to-mid-2nd century.[1] Most scholars now affirm this view.[2][3] As evidence for this perspective, they put forward that the Pastoral Epistles contain 306 words that Paul does not use in his unquestioned letters, that their style of writing is different from that of his unquestioned letters, that they reflect conditions and a church organization not current in Paul's day, and that they do not appear in early lists of his canonical works.[4]

text: Historical views

text: The authenticity of Pauline authorship was accepted by Church orthodoxy as early as c. AD 180, as evidenced by the surviving testimony of Irenaeus and the author of the Muratorian. Possible allusions are found in the letters from Clement of Rome to the Corinthians (c. 95), Ignatius of Antioch to the Ephesians (c. 110) and Polycarp to the Philippians (c. 130),[5][6] though it is difficult to determine the nature of any such literary relationships. Modern scholars who support Pauline authorship nevertheless stress their importance regarding the question of authenticity: I.H. Marshall and P.H. Towner wrote that 'the key witness is Polycarp, where there is a high probability that 1 and 2 Tim were known to him'.[7] Similarly M.W. Holmes argued that it is 'virtually certain or highly probable' that Polycarp used 1 and 2 Timothy.[5]

text: Late in the 2nd century there are a number of quotations from all three Pastoral Epistles in Irenaeus' work Against Heresies. The Muratorian Canon (c. 170–180) lists the books of the NT and ascribes all three Pastoral Epistles to Paul. Eusebius (c. 330) calls it, along with the other thirteen canonical Pauline Epistles, "undisputed".[8] Exceptions to this positive witness include Tatian,[9] a disciple of Justin Martyr turned heretic, as well as the Gnostic Basilides.[10]

text: Marcion, an orthodox Bishop later excommunicated for heresy, formed an early canon of Scripture c. 140 around the Gospel of Luke and ten of the canonical Pauline epistles, excluding 1–2 Timothy and Titus. The reasons for these exclusions are unknown, and so speculation abounds, including the hypotheses that they were not written until after Marcion's time, or that he knew of them, but regarded them as inauthentic. Proponents of Pauline authorship argue that he had theological grounds for rejecting the Pastorals, namely their teaching about the goodness of creation (cf. 1 Tim 4:1 ff.).[11]

text: The question remains whether Marcion knew these three letters and rejected them as Tertullian says, since in 1 Timothy 6:20 "false opposing arguments" are referred to, with the word for "opposing arguments" being "antithesis", the name of Marcion's work, and so a subtle hint of Marcion's heresy. However, the structure of the Church presupposed is less developed than the one Ignatius presupposes (who wrote c. 110), as well as the fact that not only is "antithesis" itself a Greek word which simply means "opposing arguments" but as it has been noted, the attack on the heretics is not central to the three letters.[12]

text: Date

text: Some of this section's listed sources may not be reliable. Please help this article by looking for better, more reliable sources. Unreliable citations may be challenged or deleted. (March 2017) (Learn how and when to remove this template message)

text: The dating of 1 Timothy depends very much on the question of authorship. Those who accept the epistle's authenticity believe it was written soon after Paul left Ephesus, which he did twice according to the Acts of the Apostles. This dates the epistle to either about the year 58 or 59, or about the year 64 or 65 AD. Those who have maintained the former opinion, among others, are Theodoret, Benson, Zachariae, Michaelis, Schmidt. Koppe, Planck, Grotius Lightfoot, Witsius, Lardner, Hug, and Prof. Stuart. The latter opinion, that it was written after Paul's first imprisonment at Rome, is maintained by Paley, Pearson, L'Enfant, LeClerc, Cave, Mill, Whitby, Macknight, and others.[13]

text: Secular historians generally place its composition some time in the late 1st century or first half of the 2nd century AD, with a wide margin of uncertainty. The text seems to be contending against nascent Gnosticism (1 Tim 1:4, 1 Tim 4:3)[14] (see Encratism), which would suggest a later date due to Gnosticism developing primarily in the latter 1st century. The term Gnosis ("knowledge") itself occurs in 1 Timothy 6:20.[15] If the parallels between 1 Timothy and Polycarp's epistle are understood as a literary dependence by the latter on the former, as is generally accepted,[6] this would constitute a terminus ante quem of AD 130–155. However, Irenaeus (writing c.AD 180) is the earliest author to clearly and unequivocally describe the Pastorals.[citation needed]

text:
The earliest known writing of 1 Timothy has been found on Oxyrhynchus Papyrus 5258, designated

P

{\displaystyle {\mathfrak {P}}}

133, in 2017. It comes from a leaf of a codex which is dated to the 3rd century [16]

text: Background

text: This historical relationship between Paul and Timothy is one of mentorship. Timothy is first mentioned in Acts 16:1. His mother Eunice, and his grandmother, Lois, are mentioned in 2 Timothy 1:5. All that we know of his father is that he was a Greek not a Jew (Acts 16:1).

text: Paul's second visit to Lystra is when Timothy first connected with Paul (1 Timothy 1:2; 2 Timothy 3:11). Paul not only brought Timothy into the faith but he was Timothy’s main mentor in Christian leadership (Acts 16:3), having done church planting and missionary journeys together. Timothy would have received his authority to preach in churches directly from Paul who of course was the greater known and accepted of the two and an apostle. Timothy’s official position in the church was one of an evangelist (1 Timothy 4:14) and he worked with Paul in Phrygia, Galatia, and Mysia, Troa, Philippi and Berea (Acts 17:14) and continued on to do even more work in Athens, and Thessalonica for the church (Acts 17:15; 1 Thessalonians 3:2) not to mention his work in Corinth, Macedonia, Ephesus and greater Asia. Timothy was also noted for coming to Paul’s aid when Paul fell into prison (Philippians 1:1, 2 Timothy 4:13). It is noteworthy that, despite not being required due the ruling of the Jerusalem council, Timothy took circumcision himself in order to be a better witness among the Jews. According to church tradition he was loyal to Paul’s wishes and stayed and worked in Ephesus until he finally suffered a martyr's death himself.[citation needed]

text: If, however, "… the pastorals are best understood against the background of the second century, the evidence in the letters relative to church order ... clearly reflect a time when apostle and prophet have been succeeded by bishop (and archbishop?) and/or elder in a stabilized church organization fully committed to an authorized succession of ordained ministers. The local churches are no longer lay churches, nor are their needs now taken care of simply by itinerant missionaries. There is obviously hierarchical organization both in the local and ecumenical church. The chief function of the bishop (or archbishop?) is to transmit and maintain the true faith"[17]

text: The Pastorals are distinguished from all other New Testament letters in that they are addressed ... to a special functional class within the church, namely, the professional ministry. Thus these letters occupy the unique distinction of being not simply the only letters in the New Testament to be addressed primarily to clergymen, but also of being in this sense the first extant pastoral letters—that is, letters written by a pastor to pastors—in the history of the church.[18]

text: Key themes

text: The author of this epistle writes to Timothy concerning the organization of the church and Timothy's own leadership within the body. Major themes include the use of The Law (1Timothy 1:7–11), warnings against false doctrine such as Encratism, instructions for prayer (1Timothy 2:1–8), roles of women in the church, qualifications for leaders of the church (1Timothy 3:1–13), and the treatment of widows, elders, masters, youth, and church members in general (1 Timothy 5:1–5:20).

text: The structure for the role of women in the Church at Ephesus is laid out as well as a detailed list of qualifications for who can and cannot serve as Elders and Deacons in the church. Some[who?] feel he clearly teaches that women are not to have authority over men in the church structure (1 Timothy 2:12; see a similar earlier statement in 1 Corinthians 14:35) and that this is why he clearly excludes them from the roles of Elder/Bishop and Deacon in chapter three. People who hold to this stance point out that Paul’s use of the phrase “Husband of one wife” is gender specific and excludes women from that role. They would point out that in the Greek text it literally reads "Man of one woman". "μιας γυναικος ανδρα"(1 Timothy 3:2)[19] However, other scholars argue that this is a product of the time in which Paul lived and it is a cultural reference not meant to be eternally binding on the church.[citation needed] The treatment of this issue has also been pointed to as evidence that I Timothy is not Pauline, noting "the freedom granted [women] in the apostolic age to exercise the gifts of the Spirit, [and] Paul's insistence that in Christ there is neither male nor female, [which] had brought them into quick and widespread public activity." [20] The New Jerome Bible Commentary points out that the reasoning in I Timothy (the fall was Eve's fault) is non-Pauline: “Paul himself prefers to assign blame to Adam (as a counterpart to Christ – see Rom [Romans] 5:12–21; I Cor [Corinthians] 15: 45–49…)”[21] In fact, 1 Timothy 2:14 states, not that Eve disobeyed, but that she was tricked, holding true to Paul's assertion that Adam alone was the transgressor.[22]

text: Outline

text: I. Salutation (1:1–2)

text: II. Negative Instructions: Stop the False Teachers (1:3–20)

text: III. Positive Instructions: Repair the Church (2:1–6:10)

text: IV. Personal Instructions: Pursue Godliness (6:11–21)


document_title: List of Penny Dreadful episodes

question_text: how many episodes in penny dreadful series 3

text: List of Penny Dreadful episodes

text: Series overview[edit]

text:
Season
Episodes
Originally aired

First aired
Last aired

1
8
May 11, 2014 (2014-05-11)
June 29, 2014 (2014-06-29)

2
10
May 3, 2015 (2015-05-03)
July 5, 2015 (2015-07-05)

3
9
May 1, 2016 (2016-05-01)
June 19, 2016 (2016-06-19)

text: Episodes[edit]

text: Season 1 (2014)[edit]

text:
No.
overall
No. in
season
Title
Directed by
Written by
Original air date
U.S. viewers
(millions)

1
1
"Night Work"
J. A. Bayona
John Logan
May 11, 2014 (2014-05-11)
0.872[3]

The episode opens in Victorian England on September 22, 1891, with the brutal abduction of a woman and her daughter who are later found mutilated and dismembered. Meanwhile, the enigmatic Vanessa Ives enlists the skilled marksman/showman Ethan Chandler to do some "night work". She introduces him to Sir Malcolm Murray, father of the recently-abducted Mina Harker. The trio infiltrate a vampire nest in search of Mina. They find and kill a vicious vampire, later enlisting Victor Frankenstein to examine it. The autopsy reveals hieroglyphs etched beneath its skin, which are later found to be from the Egyptian Book of the Dead. Ethan, overwhelmed by the new world opening before him, takes his payment and leaves Vanessa and Sir Malcolm's service, but is later tempted to return. In his laboratory, Frankenstein brings life to a dead body.

2
2
"Séance"
J. A. Bayona
John Logan
May 18, 2014 (2014-05-18)
0.722[4]

Sir Malcolm offers his assistance with the "Ripper" case, proclaiming that they should be looking for a beast, not a man. Ethan befriends Brona Croft, a sickly prostitute, who later has an erotic encounter with the seductive and charming Dorian Gray. Vanessa and Sir Malcolm attend Ferdinand Lyle's party. There, Vanessa meets Dorian, and the two are deeply drawn to one another. The guests take part in a séance led by a spiritualist known as Madame Kali, where Vanessa is possessed by evil spirits, who accuse Sir Malcolm of leaving his son to die. The next day, Ferdinand studies the other photographed hieroglyphics and discovers that they are a resurrection spell invoking Amunet and Amun-Ra, who will bring about the apocalypse if united. He concludes that Vanessa is being hunted by them. Victor's newly animated creation chooses a name – Proteus. They become close friends, but their time together is cut short when Proteus is murdered by Victor's "firstborn", Caliban, an earlier creation.

3
3
"Resurrection"
Dearbhla Walsh
John Logan
May 25, 2014 (2014-05-25)
0.734[5]

Victor is forced to listen to the story of his first creation. Caliban was abandoned by Victor after he was created, and wandered the streets until an actor took pity on him and gave him a job in the Grand Guignol theatre. Lonely, the creature demands that Victor make him a mate. Ethan joins Vanessa and Sir Malcolm's company once again. Vanessa's visions of Mina lead the group to the London Zoo, where they encounter and capture Fenton, a vampire thrall. Sir Malcolm reveals his suspicion that Mina is being used as bait to lure a greater prize, to wit, Vanessa.

4
4
"Demimonde"
Dearbhla Walsh
John Logan
June 1, 2014 (2014-06-01)
0.730[6]

Vanessa grows increasingly infatuated with Dorian. Victor and Professor Van Helsing study Fenton's blood, hoping to manufacture a cure. Sir Malcolm and Victor come face to face with a vampire; Fenton is killed in the ensuing conflict. Concluding that Fenton had allowed himself to be captured, Sir Malcolm and Vanessa discuss the probability that Mina is too far gone to save. Unnerved at seeing Ethan so comfortable around Dorian and Vanessa, Brona ends her relationship with him, citing her terminal illness. Heartbroken, Ethan drowns his sorrows with Dorian, culminating in a sexual encounter.

5
5
"Closer Than Sisters"
Coky Giedroyc
John Logan
June 8, 2014 (2014-06-08)
0.797[7]

Vanessa, through a letter to Mina, relates their backstory. The Ives and Murray families were neighbours and friends, to the point where Vanessa and Mina were considered as close as sisters, and it was accepted as a foregone conclusion that Vanessa would marry Mina's frail brother, Peter. As a young girl, Vanessa caught Sir Malcolm and her mother having an affair. Although she kept it a secret, she says the experience led her to embrace her dark side, culminating in seducing Mina's fiancé the night before their wedding. The families severed ties after this, the strain of which caused Vanessa's clairvoyance and mediumship to manifest. She was committed to an asylum, an experience which left her mostly catatonic. Vanessa recovered with the assistance of an evil spirit that took Sir Malcolm's form. Some time later, Vanessa encountered Mina, who forgave her for her transgression, but revealed that she had already been kidnapped by the master vampire. This inspired Vanessa to seek out Sir Malcolm and begin their search.

6
6
"What Death Can Join Together"
Coky Giedroyc
John Logan
June 15, 2014 (2014-06-15)
0.681[8]

Sir Malcolm, Ethan and Sembene track the vampires to a quarantined ship and learn that Mina is closer than they thought. Not trusting Vanessa, Sir Malcolm encourages her to spend the evening with Dorian, but she cuts it short when the spirit haunting her rears its head as a result of her having sex with Dorian. Brona reconciles with Ethan, but her condition worsens. Van Helsing attempts to pass on to Frankenstein what he knows of vampires, but is murdered by Caliban, who intends to continue killing those close to his creator until his mate is made.

7
7
"Possession"
James Hawes
John Logan
June 22, 2014 (2014-06-22)
0.799[9]

Vanessa's evening with Dorian allows a demon to possess her. Sir Malcolm engages the help of Ethan, Victor and Sembene to restrain her, but her condition worsens as time passes. Sir Malcolm, having hoped that Vanessa could contact Mina while under the influence of the possession, finally allows a Catholic priest into the house to administer last rites, but when Vanessa attacks the priest as he begins, Ethan manages to perform an exorcism on Vanessa by himself. Vanessa collapses, but emerges from her room later. She informs Sir Malcolm that she now knows where Mina is.

8
8
"Grand Guignol"
James Hawes
John Logan
June 29, 2014 (2014-06-29)
0.856[10]

Vanessa rejects Dorian's further advances, noting that he is not good for her. Caliban's first love ends poorly, and he is forced to leave the theatre, returning to Victor's lodgings. Victor initially tries to kill his creation, but takes pity on him instead. Brona's consumption nears its end. Unbeknownst to Ethan, Victor smothers her and uses her body to create a mate for Caliban. When Sir Malcolm's team find Mina in the Grand Guignol theatre, she captures Vanessa, intending to make her her master's bride. Sir Malcolm kills Mina to save Vanessa. While mourning over Brona's death, Ethan is approached by two Pinkerton detectives determined to return him to America and to his father. He transforms into a werewolf and attacks them. Vanessa requests an exorcism from a priest, who asks her if she truly wants to be normal.

text: Season 2 (2015)[edit]

text:
No.
overall
No. in
season
Title
Directed by
Written by
Original air date
U.S. viewers
(millions)

9
1
"Fresh Hell"
James Hawes
John Logan
April 19, 2015 (2015-04-19) (online)
May 3, 2015 (2015-05-03) (Showtime)
0.575[11]

Vanessa is barraged by an onslaught of disturbing occult images brought on by the mysterious Evelyn Poole. Following the massacre in the Mariner's Inn, Ethan believes he needs to leave London. Dr. Frankenstein works to bring Brona back to life while under the pressure from Caliban, who, in search of work after being let go at the Grand Guignol, applies at a wax museum. After Mina's funeral, Sir Malcolm returns to London to discover that a whole new evil is hunting Vanessa.

10
2
"Verbis Diablo"
James Hawes
John Logan
May 10, 2015 (2015-05-10)
0.536[12]

A distressed Vanessa looks for comfort from Sir Malcolm, who takes her to an underground care facility for people suffering from cholera. Dr. Frankenstein begins his work with Brona, now known as Lily. A Scotland Yard inspector tracks down the sole survivor of the Mariner's Inn Massacre. Evelyn begins her manipulation of Sir Malcolm. Dorian Gray meets Angelique, a mysterious woman. Ferdinand Lyle reveals the secrets of the Verbis Diablo. Hecate Poole murders a family and takes their infant. Ferdinand is revealed to be being blackmailed by Evelyn and her coven into spying on the group, before Hecate returns with a bag containing the lifeless body of the infant. Evelyn takes the bag in a chamber room filled with voodoo dolls. She removes the organs of the infant and sews them into a lifelike doll of Vanessa.

11
3
"The Nightcomers"
Brian Kirk
John Logan
May 17, 2015 (2015-05-17)
0.639[13]

A young Vanessa harnesses her fledgling powers as a witch from the Cut-Wife (real name Joan Clayton), a trainer and master of the dark arts, but as she sees the extent of Vanessa's powers, the Cut-Wife warns her of the dangers that lie ahead and the evil that will chase her until the end of her days.

12
4
"Evil Spirits in Heavenly Places"
Damon Thomas
John Logan
May 24, 2015 (2015-05-24)
0.640[14]

Lyle divulges how the grim and disconcerting history behind the Verbis Diablo relics affects Vanessa; Bartholomew Rusk speaks with a survivor of the Mariner's Inn Massacre; Hecate does her best to get close to Ethan. However, during their meeting in a cafe, Ethan reveals Hecate's ruse and believes she is an agent of his father's. Vanessa assists Victor in buying clothes for Lily. As Lily tries to become more ladylike, the relationship between her and Victor develops. At night, after being told that her future is potentially linked to the devil, Vanessa is attacked by the witches who take a lock of her hair.

13
5
"Above the Vaulted Sky"
Damon Thomas
John Logan
May 31, 2015 (2015-05-31)
0.712[15]

Vanessa, Ethan, Sembene, and Sir Malcolm strive to work together as a team to defend the old mansion from another attack; Caliban becomes increasingly impatient with Frankenstein; Hecate returns from her travels with a gift for her mother. Vanessa meets Lily, and is able to detect the look of love between Frankenstein and Lily. Caliban and Vanessa recite poetry together and Vanessa teaches him to dance. Ethan is questioned by Rusk, indicating that he is suspicious of Ethan's background. Gladys Murray continues to be tormented by Poole's fetish-voodoo doll. As the night turns stormy, she sees the ghosts of her children and takes her own life. Evelyn and Sir Malcolm become intimate, as she uses her ring to enchant him. Angelique reveals more of her story to Dorian after a disastrous night at the opera.

14
6
"Glorious Horrors"
James Hawes
John Logan
June 7, 2015 (2015-06-07)
0.566[16]

Victor wakes next to Lily, contemplating his actions from the night before. Sir Malcolm returns home to learn the fate of his wife, but is seemingly unaffected by the news. In conversation, Victor realizes that Vanessa has met the Creature and is visibly affected. Inspector Rusk continues to pursue Ethan as a suspect in the Mariner's Massacre. Dorian throws an elaborate ball to introduce Angelique to high society, but the evening turns into a scarring experience for a helpless Vanessa, who is forced to attend without an escort after Ethan rejects her invitation. Lily and Victor attend the ball, where Lily has a sense that she knows Dorian's room of portraits and Dorian himself. Victor is troubled by an obvious attraction between Dorian and Lily, and angrily chastises her. Malcolm brings Evelyn to the ball, after shaving off his beard, seemingly enchanted by Evelyn's charms. Vanessa expresses her concern and disapproval to Evelyn about Sir Malcolm's changes in demeanor and character, as well as their developing relationship. As Vanessa is being observed by the witches and prepares to leave, she begins to have visions of blood rain in the ballroom and faints. Lavinia Putney is troubled by a frightening encounter with Caliban, telling her parents that something is greatly amiss. Sembene makes a shocking discovery about Ethan. As the night is of a full moon, Ethan asks to be chained up in the basement and watched by Sembene. Ethan turns into a werewolf.

15
7
"Little Scorpion"
Brian Kirk
John Logan
June 14, 2015 (2015-06-14)
0.572[17]

The morning after: Sembene and Ethan discuss Ethan's transformation. Sir Malcolm doubts Vanessa's story of feeling surrounded by some powerful force at the ball from the night before. Vanessa and Ethan retreat to the Cut-Wife's cottage on the moors, where they become accustomed to the surroundings until a figure from Vanessa's past resurfaces. On the first night, Ethan leaves hastily as the full moon illuminates a flock of sheep and he changes. Vanessa awakens to Ethan cutting down the tree where the Cut-Wife had been murdered. The pair fall into a pattern of familiarity: gardening, target practice, cooking, and dancing. While observing a thunderstorm, a bolt of lightning strikes the roof and a fire starts. This incites Ethan and Vanessa to kiss, although she acknowledges the danger in their intimacy and instantly stops. They are approached by Sir Geoffrey, the man responsible for the Cut-Wife's murder. This later prompts Vanessa to recite from the Verbis Diablo book which leads to Sir Geoffrey's death. Ethan angrily confronts Vanessa about her actions and his fear that she has lost her soul by murdering Sir Geoffrey. Lyle and Dr. Frankenstein learn more about the Verbis Diablo relics. Lyle acknowledges the dangers of the demon pursuing Vanessa. Interpreting the relics about a relationship between Amunet and Amun-Ra, gods who believed in their immortality and love but would be ultimately dangerous if ever joined, he indicates there is a cycle involving Vanessa: the Demon, the Scorpion and the Hound. Lily continues to be intrigued by Dorian and her new found life, visiting a wax museum and later a public house. She meets a man at the bar, with whom she has sex and then strangles to death.

16
8
"Memento Mori"
Kari Skogland
John Logan
June 21, 2015 (2015-06-21)
0.523[18]

Lily wakes up next to the corpse of the man she had killed the night before. Caliban, discovering that she is missing, lets loose his anger on Dr. Frankenstein over the events involving Lily, reminding Victor that Lily belongs to him. When she returns home, Victor asks that they leave London, but Lily refuses.
Malcolm is visited by Inspector Rusk, making the connection between Ethan and him. By remembering the events from the year before, Malcolm's connection to Evelyn begins to falter. Evelyn attempts to hurt Malcolm by using the voodoo doll; however, Sembene helps to break the spell. Malcolm begins to have visions of the people important to him and Evelyn is unsuccessful at controlling her power over him. He goes to visit Evelyn where he is attacked by the witches. Evelyn promises Malcolm eternal life and companionship if Vanessa is given to her Master. He rejects her offer, and she traps him in a room which contains the coffin of his departed son. He weeps as he holds the body, and is then haunted by the bodies of his wife and Mina.
Lily and Dorian continue to spend time together. He returns home to find that Angelique has discovered his secret room. They stand before the portrait, as he asks if she can love him. Despite declaring her love for him, Dorian kills her by poison, while looking upon the painting of an older man wrapped in chains.
Caliban confronts Lily, and in doing so, reveals her cruel side. Demonstrating her ability to hurt him, both physically and emotionally, she declares her independence from the submission of man. She seduces a stunned Caliban, revealing her plan to murder Victor.

17
9
"And Hell Itself My Only Foe"
Brian Kirk
John Logan
June 28, 2015 (2015-06-28)
0.604[19]

Still hiding in the Cut Wife's cottage, Vanessa and Ethan are discovered by Roper, the bounty hunter that Ethan had mauled. Vanessa stabs him to death and they bury the body. Victor arrives to inform them of Malcolm's situation and they return home. In addition, Victor's addiction to narcotics has grown uncontrollable, and in talking to Vanessa, demonstrates his inner angst. Ironically, Caliban reflects similar suffering while talking to Putney. Later, the Putneys trap him in a cell, telling him they plan to put him on display as a "freak" in their new business venture.
The ghosts of Malcolm's family continue to haunt and torture him. While listening to Malcolm's screams from below, Evelyn prepares for Vanessa's arrival.
Lyle admits his involvement in the situation as they plan, but Ethan discourages Vanessa from attempting a rescue at night, knowing that he will change into the wolf. Sembene tells Ethan the marks on his face were indicative of his former profession as a slave trader. Hecate appears in Ethan's room and asks to ally with him. Vanessa sneaks out of the mansion to fight Evelyn on her own. Sembene, Lyle, Victor, and Ethan follow. While trapped in a stairwell, Ethan changes, and despite his anguish and resistance do so, kills Sembene. Victor becomes trapped with a clearly tormented Malcolm, and is forced to face his creations.
Lily and Dorian continue to spend time together and finally become intimate. Dorian acknowledges Lily as formerly being Brona, of which she does not argue. They agree to become partners in Lily's plan for the future as he demonstrates his power of immortality.

18
10
"And They Were Enemies"
Brian Kirk
John Logan
July 5, 2015 (2015-07-05)
0.746[20]

Vanessa faces the Master/Devil in the form of a life-like puppet, who promises her a normal life free of pain, with Ethan and a family, if she chooses to give him her soul. In addition, Malcolm and Victor continue to be taunted and tormented by the ghosts of their life, who demand their deaths to atone for their crimes. Vanessa is able to resist the Master's promises, beginning to recite words from the Verbis Diablo. The words destroy the puppet, and scorpions scramble from the head. As Evelyn begins to age drastically, Hecate releases Ethan from the stairwell. Ethan kills Evelyn, but before he can kill Vanessa, he seems to recognize her and runs away. Upon Evelyn's death, the spell is broken and Victor and Malcolm are released from the ghosts. In his guilt, Ethan turns himself in to Rusk for the murders committed at the Mariner's Inn hoping for a swift execution but is instead extradited to America.

text: Season 3 (2016)[edit]

text:
No.
overall
No. in
season
Title
Directed by
Written by
Original air date
U.S. viewers
(millions)

19
1
"The Day Tennyson Died"
Damon Thomas
John Logan
April 24, 2016 (2016-04-24) (online)
May 1, 2016 (2016-05-01) (Showtime)
0.540[21]

As London grieves the death of "the last great poet" Alfred Tennyson, all the characters are scattered around the world. A distraught Vanessa fights a severe depression with the help of an alienist; Frankenstein seeks redemption with the aid of Dr. Henry Jekyll; Sir Malcolm meets a mysterious man in Zanzibar; Ethan Chandler is escorted home to his father, with Hecate in tow; and the Creature stranded in the Arctic sets on a journey after his past memories re-appear. A new threat hangs over London in the form of Count Dracula.

20
2
"Predators Far and Near"
Damon Thomas
John Logan
May 8, 2016 (2016-05-08)
0.554[22]

Dorian and Lily rescue a girl named Justine from a torture house. Rusk refuses to hand the matter of Ethan's execution to the Americans due to his snatching. Vanessa begins her regular sessions with Dr. Seward; Renfield begins gathering information for his new master. Jekyll shows Frankenstein his lab. They agree to test on a subject before attempting anything on Lily. Sir Malcolm and Kaetenay embark on a ship to the American West to rescue Ethan. After a session, Vanessa attends a lecture given by Dr. Sweet and later invites him to accompany her for a night out. Lily promises Justine that she will have revenge against those who hurt her. Frankenstein and Jekyll test on their subject, which is successful. Ethan transforms and murders his escorts with the help of Hecate. Frankenstein has a tender moment with Lily, who advises him not to see her again. Renfield visits his master's lair with the information; Dr. Sweet is revealed to be Dracula.

21
3
"Good and Evil Braided Be"
Damon Thomas
John Logan
May 15, 2016 (2016-05-15)
0.599[23]

The Creature returns to London in search of his former family. Sir Malcolm and Kaetenay continue to track Ethan and Hecate, as does Rusk, with the assistance of Franklin Orstow and his deputies. Dorian and Lily continue their tutelage of Justine in the acquisition of power. As Vanessa continually struggles with the mysterious forces tracking her every move, the beleaguered witch meets a creature of the night who divulges details and clues to her past and says that she has met his master before, hinting it was in the clinic where she spent five months.

22
4
"A Blade of Grass"
Toa Fraser
John Logan
May 22, 2016 (2016-05-22)
0.482[24]

In order to better understand the plight that she has been given to deal with, Vanessa convinces Dr. Seward to hypnotise her so that she may relive her time in the clinic and remember her meeting with the master. In doing so, she discovers that the only person she ever saw in her room at the clinic was "John Clare".

23
5
"This World Is Our Hell"
Paco Cabezas
Andrew Hinderaker
May 29, 2016 (2016-05-29)
0.656[25]

Ethan and Hecate, Sir Malcolm and Kaetenay, and Rusk and the rangers all continue the trek across the western landscape. Frankenstein and Jekyll test their modified serum on their subject with miraculous results. Hecate encourages Ethan to embrace his dark side; they also reveal secrets to one another, bringing them closer. With Ethan's agreement, she summons rattlesnakes to kill the rangers; Rusk and Ostow survive although Kaetenay is bitten. Ethan appears to accept his darkness more and more, and makes love to Hecate. In the desert, Ethan's horse collapses, then later Hecate's, forcing them to continue on foot. Hecate later collapses from the heat and is barely alive when Sir Malcolm arrives with Kaetenay, also barely alive. Sir Malcolm attempts to murder Hecate, but Ethan won't allow it. Riders summoned by Ethan's father, Jared Talbot, arrive and take them to the household, leaving Kaetenay to die at the request of Ethan; Sir Malcolm is unhappy with this. Talbot requests Sir Malcolm's assistance in dealing with Ethan. He shows Ethan the room where their family died at the hands of Native Americans, saying that he will pay for his hand in it, aiming his pistol at him, and demanding he repent then and there on pain of death and damnation.

24
6
"No Beast So Fierce"
Paco Cabezas
Andrew Hinderaker & Krysty Wilson-Cairns
June 5, 2016 (2016-06-05)
0.722[26]

Rusk and Ostow arrive at the household and place everyone present under arrest. Renfield informs Count Dracula, among other things, that Vanessa knows his true name. Vanessa visits Lyle, who is embarking on an indefinite trip to Cairo. He gives her the name of a friend who could help her. Frankenstein perfects the serum. Dorian and Lily's army grows; Justine shows an unnerving amount of malice towards Dorian. The Creature comforts his dying son, who recognizes his fathers' voice; the two share a heartfelt moment before the child opens his eyes and is horrified at what he sees. The Creature leaves in heartbreaking agony. Vanessa meets with Catriona Hartdegen, who agrees to help her defeat the Count. Frankenstein sneaks into Dorian and Lily's house to kidnap her and bring her to the lab for experimentation. The entire army is present. Dorian requests a moment with Lily. After their discussion, Justine and the others announce that they have a visitor. At the advice of Dr. Seward, Vanessa decides to pay a visit to Dr. Sweet. Justine and the others want to murder Frankenstein, Justine asking for Lily's blessing; Dorian strongly advises her against it, with Justine not having any of it. Lily spares Frankenstein's life, saying that she is in no need of curing, but that he could still be of use. Dorian lets Frankenstein out, saying that he is in his debt.
During dinner at the Talbot household, Jared requests that Ethan say grace and continues to berate him. Sir Malcolm lashes at Jared, saying that he dealt with his son the same way, only to have him taken from his life, regretting his actions to this day; also saying that he knows Ethan to be a good man. Ethan says grace in reverse fashion. Jared notices that Ostow has been brooding at him. Ostow tells him that his men were murdered at the hands of Jared's men, and that there will be a reckoning. Jared agrees and shoots him dead. Vanessa pours her heart out to Dr. Sweet and the two share a passionate love-making session. A battle ensues at the household, with Rusk and Hecate killed. Kaetenay is revealed to be alive and well, seemingly on good terms with Ethan. Sir Malcolm, Kaetenay and Ethan engage in a shootout in the room where the Talbot family died. Having wounded Jared, Ethan goes forward, ready to kill him; Jared saying that he is truly his son because of his murderous ways. After challenging his son to shoot, Ethan walks away; Jared saying that he will never cease sending men after him and attempting to bring him to justice. Sir Malcolm shoots Jared dead, to Ethan's surprise.

25
7
"Ebb Tide"
Paco Cabezas
John Logan
June 12, 2016 (2016-06-12)
0.651[27]

Kaetenay has visions of Vanessa in danger, which prompts Sir Malcolm and Ethan to travel back to London. The Creature returns to his wife and son, on the advice of Vanessa. Lily sends her assembled army of women out to kill, which disturbs Dorian. Catriona Hartdegen helps Vanessa discover that Dracula's identity is Dr Sweet and tells her he can be killed when in human form. Dorian delivers Lily to Victor so that he can administer the serum he has been working on with Jekyll. Vanessa confronts Sweet at the museum but he convinces her to join him, and she lets him bite her.

26
8
"Perpetual Night"
Damon Thomas
Krysty Wilson-Cairns
June 19, 2016 (2016-06-19)
0.448[28]

Sir Malcolm, Ethan and Kaetenay arrive in London to find the streets deserted and falling under the influence of darkness. Catriona helps save them when they are attacked by vampires at Sir Malcolm's home. She tells them that the end of days is coming and that Vanessa is the only one who can stop it. Dorian dismisses Lily's army and then kills Justine. Lily reveals a secret from her past to Victor, who releases her without administering the serum. Dr. Seward discovers Renfield is working for Dracula. Ethan is attacked by vampires and Kaetenay reveals he is a werewolf.

27
9
"The Blessed Dark"
Paco Cabezas
John Logan
June 19, 2016 (2016-06-19)
0.551[28]

Dracula reveals to Vanessa that Ethan is prophesied as his only threat. Dr. Seward discovers from Renfield the location of Dracula's lair. Lily leaves Dorian. The Creature's son dies and his wife urges him to take the boy to Victor so that he may be resurrected. Sir Malcolm and the others head to Dracula's lair to confront him and save Vanessa. They fend off an attack by a large group of Dracula's "children" but then Dracula himself subdues them. Ethan slips away and finds Vanessa. At her request, Ethan shoots her to end the darkness. Sir Malcolm, Victor and Ethan consider their futures, the Creature places his son's body into the river and Vanessa's funeral is held.

text: Ratings[edit]

text:
Season
Ep. 1
Ep. 2
Ep. 3
Ep. 4
Ep. 5
Ep. 6
Ep. 7
Ep. 8
Ep. 9
Ep. 10
Average

1
872
722
734
730
797
681
799
856
N/A
770[29]

2
575
536
639
640
712
566
572
523
604
746
610[30]

3
540
554
599
482
656
722
651
448
551
N/A
578[31]