document_title: List of Gotham episodes

question_text: when is the next episode of gotham airing

text: List of Gotham episodes

text: Series overview[edit]

text:
Season
Episodes
Originally aired
Nielsen ratings

First aired
Last aired
Rank
Avg. viewers
(in millions)

1
22
September 22, 2014 (2014-09-22)
May 4, 2015 (2015-05-04)
68
7.56[3]

2
22
September 21, 2015 (2015-09-21)
May 23, 2016 (2016-05-23)
89
5.37[4]

3
22
September 19, 2016 (2016-09-19)
June 5, 2017 (2017-06-05)
100
4.52[5]

4
TBA
September 21, 2017 (2017-09-21)
TBA
TBA
TBA

tag: table

text: Episodes[edit]

text: Season 1 (2014–15)[edit]

text:
No.
overall
No. in
season
Title
Directed by
Written by
Original air date
Prod.
code
U.S. viewers
(millions)

1
1
"Pilot"
Danny Cannon
Bruno Heller
September 22, 2014 (2014-09-22)
276072
8.21[6]

Rookie detective James Gordon and his partner Harvey Bullock are assigned to the case of the murders of Thomas and Martha Wayne, witnessed by street petty criminal Selina Kyle. Their investigation leads them to a parolee named Mario Pepper, whom Bullock kills in Gordon's defense. They discover that Pepper had been framed, leading them to mobster Fish Mooney, an associate of Carmine Falcone, an organized crime boss. Mooney has them captured, but Falcone spares them upon his arrival, revealing that he intended to end the case so that the people of Gotham could feel safe, facilitating his illegal activities. In exchange, Falcone orders Gordon to kill Oswald Cobblepot, a low-level member of Mooney's gang and informant for Gotham Major Crimes Unit (MCU) investigators Renee Montoya and Crispus Allen. Gordon fakes Cobblepot's death, and tells him never to return to Gotham. Gordon promises the Waynes' son, Bruce, and his butler, Alfred Pennyworth, to find the real killer. Cobblepot kills a fisher. Selina is seen watching the Wayne Manor. Meanwhile, Montoya threatens Barbara, Gordon's fiancee, to tell him about Barbara's unknown past.

2
2
"Selina Kyle"
Danny Cannon
Bruno Heller
September 29, 2014 (2014-09-29)
4X6652
7.45[10]

Gordon and Bullock start investigating the abductions of street kids by Patti and Doug, operatives of Dr. Francis Dulmacher, A.K.A. the Dollmaker,[7][8][9] and have been posing as members of the Mayor's Homeless Outreach Program. Mayor Aubrey James announces plans to help Gotham's homeless kids, rounding them up and shipping them out of town. Patti and Doug hijack one of the buses of street kids, including Selina. After Bullock's extreme interrogation of an informant, Gordon obtains a clue. Gordon and Bullock arrive and catch Patti and Doug while encountering Kyle. While Bruce has plans to find a way to help the children, Gordon meets with Kyle who states that she has been watching him during his visits with Bruce and might have some information on the person who shot the Waynes. Meanwhile, Cobblepot kills two men after they mock his walking pattern. He takes refuge in a rented trailer after his faked death, plotting his return to Gotham City, having kidnapped a teenager for ransom. Falcone confronts Mooney for her plans to overthrow him, having heard from Cobblepot. The former warns her by having her lover beaten. Allen and Montoya investigate Cobblepot's mother.

3
3
"The Balloonman"
Dermott Downs
John Stephens
October 6, 2014 (2014-10-06)
4X6653
6.36[11]

Gordon and Bullock track a vigilante who targets corrupt Gotham officials and nicknamed "Balloonman" for strapping his victims to weather balloons, which eventually implode in the cold atmosphere, giving the victim a long fall. Montoya and Allen question Gordon about Cobblepot, who returns to Gotham to get revenge on Mooney. He gets a job at Don Sal Maroni's restaurant, and is befriended by Maroni himself. Mooney arranges for Falcone's lover Natalia to be disfigured in response to her own lover's beating. Gordon realizes that "Balloonman" is social worker Davis Lamond, who was driven to vigilantism because of corrupt officials refusing to aid children on the streets. After arrest, he warns Gordon that more vigilantes will follow in his path. Falcone tells Mooney that he will investigate what happened to Natalia, also telling about the Arkham Plan. At his apartment later, Gordon receives a surprise visit from Cobblepot. Meanwhile, Barbara is revealed to be an addict and Montoya's former girlfriend. Selina is given to Gordon for his investigation; but she uses the chance to escape.

4
4
"Arkham"
TJ Scott
Ken Woodruff
October 13, 2014 (2014-10-13)
4X6654
6.39[12]

Cobblepot offers Gordon help in stopping the future war. The latter learns of the Arkham Plan from Alfred, who states that Falcone and Mayor James are backing the project that will improve the Arkham District, opposed by Maroni, who has another plan. An independent hitman starts targeting the city council members involved in both opposing sides of the Plan. After an armed robbery of Maroni's restaurant, Cobblepot is promoted to restaurant manager by Maroni, following the former's action of saving a bag of money and the death of the previous manager. Mooney pits two female singers against each other for her nightclub job opening, with the winner being Liza. In order to prevent the war, Mayor James holds a conference about a compromise on the Arkham Plan, that Falcone will handle small housing development projects and Maroni will be refurbishing the Asylum. Gordon urges Bruce not to lose hope in the city. Later, Cobblepot fatally poisons the restaurant robbers, who are revealed to had been hired for just that purpose by Cobblepot himself. Meanwhile, Barbara confronts Gordon about Cobblepot, telling him about her past with Montoya. She decides to end the engagement when he refuses to talk.

5
5
"Viper"
Tim Hunter
Rebecca Perry Cutter
October 20, 2014 (2014-10-20)
4X6655
6.09[13]

Bruce plans to find a way to speak to the board members of Wayne Enterprises to learn their connections to the Arkham District Project. A new drug called "Viper", a prototype of Venom, is hitting the street, endowing the user with super-strength, but eventually killing them. Maroni plans to rob a casino owned by Falcone, and Cobblepot offers a less-casualty plan, forcing him to reveal his past, which Maroni believes after Gordon confirms it. The latter learns that "Viper" is being distributed at a charity event held by WellZyn and Wayne Enterprises. Gordon shoots the canister on the roof and former WellZyn employee Stan Potolsky is exposed, committing suicide after he suggests they check out Warehouse 39, where Gordon and Bullock later find nothing, observed by Wayne Enterprises operative Mathis. Maroni successfully robs the casino, admiring Cobblepot. As Mooney makes plans to conspire against Falcone with her lover and Russian mob boss Nikolai, a disguised Liza visits Falcone and begins seducing him.

6
6
"Spirit of the Goat"
TJ Scott
Ben Edlund
October 27, 2014 (2014-10-27)
4X6656
5.89[14]

Ten years ago, a masked killer calling himself the "Spirit of the Goat" targets the firstborn of Gotham's elite, leading Bullock and his partner Dix to investigate the case. They find the killer, Randall Milkie, who is shot down by Bullock after Dix falls through a trap door and ends up badly injured. In the present day, Bullock finds another elite firstborn murdered by someone with the same "Goat" motive. Upon surgery, Bullock sees Milkie's trademark, which only he and Dix knew, meaning that he was not an copycat. During a debrief, Dix tells Gordon about Bullock's enthusiasm for justice, to Gordon's surprise. Bullock deduces that hypnotherapist Marks coerced both Milkie and the new killer to become the Goat to scare Gotham's rich and corrupt, leading to Marks' arrest. The "murder" of Cobblepot is also investigated, with Gordon the prime suspect as Montoya and Allen finally find a witness near the river. When they attempt to arrest Gordon and Bullock, Cobblepot enters the precinct, causing friction between Bullock and Gordon. Meanwhile, CSU operative Nygma is revealed to be in love with archivist Kristen Kringle, who ignores him. Selina infiltrates the Wayne Manor and steals a component of Bruce's investigation.

7
7
"Penguin's Umbrella"
Rob Bailey
Bruno Heller
November 3, 2014 (2014-11-03)
4X6657
6.63[15]

Exonerated, Gordon tells Barbara to leave Gotham. Cobblepot leads Maroni enforcer Frankie Carbone and two other henchmen to Nikolai's hideout, killing the latter and Carbone by buying the loyalties of the henchmen. Montoya and Allen begin cooperating with Gordon. The escalating mob war is settled with a land trade between Maroni and Falcone. A drunken Bullock re-evaluates his choice for helping Gordon, and the two partners attempt to arrest Mayor James and Falcone, but they give up when it is revealed that Falcone and hitman Victor Zsasz have Barbara, who had returned to try and negotiate with Falcone for Gordon. Falcone allows the trio to leave. In a flashback to the night they had met Gordon, it is shown that Cobblepot and Falcone had formed a deal, in which Falcone would place Gordon in charge of killing Cobblepot, giving Cobblepot a chance at surviving, and in exchange, Cobblepot would forge an alliance with Maroni, snitching for Falcone; and Cobblepot told Falcone about Mooney and Nikolai and their plan. It is revealed that Falcone spared Gordon's life due to Cobblepot's request.

8
8
"The Mask"
Paul Edwards
John Stephens
November 10, 2014 (2014-11-10)
4X6658
6.35[16]

Bruce returns to school, where he has some trouble with bully Tommy Elliot; and Alfred agrees to teach the former how to fight. Gordon and Bullock investigate Richard Sionis, who is hosting an illegal and deadly fight club where the champions are accepted for Sionis Investments. Liza's loyalty to Mooney begins to falter when she learns of the latter's plan to eventually kill Falcone, but Mooney presses her to steal a ledger from the Falcone's office that may be used to incriminate him. When Gordon is caught at the site of the fight club, Bullock persuades other officers, who collectively despise Gordon due to blaming them for leaving him during Zsasz' attack, to help find Gordon. Mooney fakes a story about her past to convince Liza to stay on the mission. After Sionis and those involved are arrested, Gordon learns that Selina was apprehended after skillfully robbing a dress store. Barbara leaves Gordon. Cobblepot learns from Mooney's henchman of a spy close to Falcone.

9
9
"Harvey Dent"
Karen Gaviola
Ken Woodruff
November 17, 2014 (2014-11-17)
4X6659
6.49[17]

Gordon has Selina placed at Wayne Manor for her safety. She and Bruce establish a friendship. She claims that her mother is an intelligence agent. During a prison transport from Blackgate Penitentiary to St. Mark Psychiatric Hospital, bomb maker Ian Hargrove is taken by the Russian mob, who are working against Falcone following Nikolai's death. Gordon meets with Harvey Dent, who suspects tycoon Dick Lovecraft for the Wayne murders. Gordon and Bullock realize that Hargrove intends no harm. Manipulated by Mooney, the Russians target Falcone's cache of money, but when a police standoff ensues, the Russians' armored truck explodes via remote control by Mooney's enforcer, Butch Gilzean. Cobblepot confronts Liza for spying on Falcone, whom the former claims will not tell. Mayor James announces his plans to reopen Arkham Asylum to house the mentally ill criminals, including Hargrove. Barbara is revealed to have a new relationship with Montoya.

10
10
"Lovecraft"
Guy Ferland
Rebecca Dameron
November 24, 2014 (2014-11-24)
4X6660
6.05[22]

Assassins led by Copperhead[18][19][20] infiltrate Wayne Manor, but Bruce and Selina escape into the city. Alfred seeks Gordon and Bullock's help to find the pair. Dent suspects that Lovecraft hired the assassins to cover his tracks. However, Gordon learns Lovecraft is also being targeted to hide what he knows; the assassins kill Lovecraft in a staged suicide, planting Gordon's gun at the scene. Following the armory fiasco, Cobblepot tells Falcone that Mooney has a mole in his ranks, but does not reveal the identity. Selina determines the assassins are after her, and she and Bruce encounter Ivy Pepper.[21], Mario's daughter. The assassins find Selina and Bruce, but she escapes while Bullock and Alfred, who convinces Mooney to help, arrive and rescue Bruce. Selina later kisses Bruce and returns to living on the streets. Following Lovecraft's "suicide", Mayor James reassigns Gordon as a security guard at Arkham Asylum.

11
11
"Rogues' Gallery"
Oz Scott
Sue Chung
January 5, 2015 (2015-01-05)
4X6661
7.06[25]

While working at Arkham run by Dr. Gerry Lang, Gordon investigates a series of attacks on inmates with the help of Dr. Leslie "Lee" Thompkins. Mooney discusses her plan to overthrow Falcone with underboss Jimmy Saviano, who has a disagreement with her on succession. Cobblepot is arrested by the police for trying to further extort some fishermen already paying protection money to Maroni. The former is freed by the latter, who initiated the arrest to warn Cobblepot about hubris. Montoya ends her relationship with Barbara. Gordon, Bullock, and Captain Essen discover that the person attacking inmates was Jack Gruber[23][24], who then escapes from Arkham with his associate Aaron Danzig, after killing several guards and Dr. Lang. Saviano tries to convince Gilzean to change sides, but the latter kills him instead. Selina takes an ill Ivy to Gordon's. Barbara calls and mistakes Ivy as his girlfriend.

12
12
"What the Little Bird Told Him"
Eagle Egilsson
Ben Edlund
January 19, 2015 (2015-01-19)
4X6662
6.50[26]

Gruber and Danzig go on rampage through Gotham. Gordon promises Commissioner Loeb he will arrest Gruber within 24 hours. Nygma learns Gruber is a former Mafia bank robber who was betrayed by Maroni. Gordon and Bullock put Maroni under protective custody to use as bait to attract Gruber to the precinct. Gruber and Danzig attack, but Gordon thwarts them by shorting out Gruber's electrical apparatus with water. For living up to his end of the deal, Gordon is reinstated as a detective. Meanwhile, Mooney makes her move against Falcone by "abducting" Liza and extorting him into signing his crime family over to Mooney's gang. Falcone nearly goes through with the deal, but Cobblepot informs him that Liza is Mooney's mole. Falcone confronts Mooney, has his mercenaries take both her and Gilzean prisoner, and strangles Liza to death. Cobblepot inherits Mooney's nightclub and what's left of her gang. Barbara visits her estranged parents. Maroni begins suspecting Cobblepot. Gordon and Lee develop romance.

13
13
"Welcome Back, Jim Gordon"
Wendey Stanzler
Megan Mostyn-Brown
January 26, 2015 (2015-01-26)
4X6663
6.04[27]

Mooney is tortured by Falcone's henchman, but Gilzean frees himself and rescues her. A homicide witness is murdered while under custody at GCPD. Gordon comes to suspect Narcotics Detective Arnold Flass is behind. Learning that Flass is supported by influential figures, Gordon asks Cobblepot for help, who tasks his enforcer, Gabe. Bruce asks Selina about his parents' murderer, but she reveals she lied about seeing the man's face to avoid being sent to juvenile detention. Nygma gives Kringle a romantic greeting card, but Flass finds it and mocks him; Kringle later apologizes to Nygma and admires the card. Gabe gives Gordon evidence that exposes Flass' involvement in the witness' death, and Flass is arrested. Gordon learns that Gabe threatened the family of Delaware, Flass's accomplice, for proof. Mooney and Gilzean confront Cobblepot at the nightclub, but Zsasz arrives and recaptures Gilzean. Mooney escapes decides to temporarily leave Gotham, with Bullock revealed as her lover.

14
14
"The Fearsome Dr. Crane"
John Behring
John Stephens
February 2, 2015 (2015-02-02)
4X6664
5.79[28]

Gordon and Bullock investigate a serial killer who is targeting members of a phobia support group and extracting their adrenal glands. The killer turns out to be Gerald Crane, Jonathan's father; Gordon and Bullock are able to save one of his victims, but Crane evades capture. In light of Selina's recent claim of false witness, Bruce absolves Gordon of his promise to find the killer, intending to solve the case himself. Mooney informs Maroni about Cobblepot's treachery to him. Maroni tries to kill Cobblepot, who escapes. Nygma frames medical examiner Guerra for hoarding body parts after Guerra has him suspended for his repeated corpse probing. After Guerra's suspension and Nygma's reinstatement, Gordon informs Lee, who finds a clue in Crane's case, that a job has opened up for her as GCPD's medical examiner. Mooney is captured by mercenaries on a boat away from Gotham.

15
15
"The Scarecrow"
Nick Copus
Ken Woodruff
February 9, 2015 (2015-02-09)
4X6665
5.63[29]

Gordon and Bullock investigate Gerald's background and learn his wife died in a fire that he was too scared to rescue her from; believing fear is a human flaw, he is now harvesting adrenal glands in order to create a serum that makes people confront and overcome their greatest fears. Bruce continues a yearly family tradition by going on a hiking trip in the woods, albeit alone for the first time. He finds himself unprepared for the dangers, but Alfred eventually joins him. Maroni speaks with Falcone and agrees to let Cobblepot live, but warns the latter that it will last until Falcone's eventual death. After using the serum on himself and overcoming his fear, Gerald injects Jonathan with a much larger dose. Gordon and Bullock arrive and kill Gerald in a gunfight. Jonathan is rushed to the hospital, but the serum has sent him into a state of constant terror, and he may never stop hallucinating his greatest fear: scarecrows. Mooney wakes up among other captives and befriends a man named Kelly. She kills the prisoners' leader and takes his place, learning that their captors are organ harvesters. Lee becomes the new medical examiner.

16
16
"The Blind Fortune Teller"
Jeffrey Hunt
Bruno Heller
February 16, 2015 (2015-02-16)
4X6666
6.19[30]

Barbara returns to Gotham to find Ivy and Selina squatting in her apartment. Gordon and Lee investigate the murder of Lila Valeska, a snake dancer with Haly's Circus, and the contesting families Flying Graysons and the Lloyds are suspects. Gordon determines that Lila's son Jerome is the killer, which he eventually admits maniacally. When business begins to decrease at Cobblepot's club, Zsasz brings in a brainwashed Gilzean for help. Taking advice from Selina and Ivy, Barbara attempts to reunite with Gordon, but changes her mind after she sees him kissing Lee. Bruce holds a board meeting at Wayne Enterprises and voices concern to the executives that the company is involved with the mob, threatening with legal action. John Grayson and Mary Lloyd get engaged after the dispute between the two families are resolved. Mooney manages to get a meeting with the captors' boss after uniting the prisoners against the captors.

17
17
"Red Hood"
Nathan Hope
Danny Cannon
February 23, 2015 (2015-02-23)
4X6667
6.53[31]

An armed group robs a bank, and one wearing a red mask throws some of the stolen money into the crowd to ensure their escape. Gordon and Bullock identify the "Red Hood" as Gus Floyd, but find him dead in the hideout. After a robbery led by Carl Destro, who now wears Floyd's mask, and the Hood becoming a public hero, Gordon and Bullock track him to his house where they find him wounded and the mask gone. With information given by Destro, the police find and kill the remainder of the gang in a shootout. A teenage boy steals the mask. Meanwhile, Cobblepot struggles from Maroni's actions against the restaurant, but Butch uses some fake policemen to seize Maroni's supplies. Mooney discovers that the facility is owned by Dulmacher, meeting the manager, who tries to take her eye for organ trade purposes; but she removes it herself and destroys it before passing out. An old comrade of Alfred, Reginald Payne, visits him in the Manor and stays over night. On the next day, however, he steals some of Bruce's files, stabs Alfred to evade capture and reports to the Board that Bruce has no solid evidence.

18
18
"Everyone Has a Cobblepot"
Bill Eagles
Megan Mostyn-Brown
March 2, 2015 (2015-03-02)
4X6668
6.10[32]

At the hospital, Alfred refuses to implicate Payne. Gordon and Dent investigate the sudden release and reinstatement of Flass by Loeb, who announces his support of Flass as the new president of the policemen's union. Bullock reveals that Loeb has leverage to blackmail most officers; in Bullock's case, Loeb forced him to falsely confess to providing illegitimate evidence against Flass. Investigating a triad bookmaking office and interrogating Loeb's former partner, Gordon learns that Loeb has ties with Falcone. With Cobblepot's help, Gordon and Bullock investigate Loeb's uptown farm, where they find the latter's psychotic daughter Miriam, who confesses to her mother's murder, which Gordon uses to terminate Bullock's case by blackmailing Loeb, who announces Gordon as the new candidate. Meanwhile, Mooney finally meets Dulmacher, who provides her with a blue-irised eye and allows her to prove herself in order to become his right hand woman. She surrenders some of the prisoners, including Kelly. She discovers that the facility is situated on a snowy island. Selina visits Bruce and offers her help in his investigation, which he refuses. Nygma learns that Kringle has a new boyfriend in the GCPD.

19
19
"Beasts of Prey"
Eagle Egilsson
Ken Woodruff
April 13, 2015 (2015-04-13)
4X6669
4.50[33]

Despite Gordon's warning, Bruce goes after Payne with Selina's help. Payne confesses that he was hired by the Board. Selina pushes Payne out a window after Bruce hesitates to do so, presumably killing him. Gordon and Bullock investigate an unsolved murder case. Upon Nygma discovering a painting of a broken heart as the key evidence, Bullock realizes that the serial killer called "the Ogre" is responsible. Harvey then states that everyone who tried to investigate the Ogre lost their loved ones. It is revealed that the Ogre keeps his victims prisoner for some time, until he realizes she is not a fit for his desire, so he kills her. Meanwhile, Oswald manages to convince a bar owner to do business, but his real intention is to kill Maroni in the bar. Mooney succeeds in escaping with Kelly and some other inmates by luring another group to a fatal deadend. She is shot during the takeoff by the "Catcher", the chief guard. It is revealed that Loeb had the case given to Gordon, but the latter decides to continue the investigation, knowing the threat upon Lee. Gordon promises Loeb that he will face justice too.

20
20
"Under the Knife"
TJ Scott
John Stephens
April 20, 2015 (2015-04-20)
4X6670
4.44[34]

Lee refuses to leave town, staying at the GCPD. The "Ogre" calls Gordon and makes his typical threat. Following the incident with Payne, Bruce and Selina attend Wayne Enterprises' Charity Ball with Barbara, where Selina copies keys from Sid Banderslaw, one of the executives who hired Payne. Cobblepot allies himself with Irish hitmen in hopes of killing Maroni, who visits the club and reveals to the former's mother that her son is a psychopathic killer. Nygma tries to protect Kringle from her abusive boyfriend Tom Dougherty, but goes too far when he stabs him to death and has a psychotic breakdown. Investigating the Ogre's first victim, Gordon, Bullock, and Essen identify the killer as Jason Skolimski, who illicitly inherited the fortune of a woman, whose butler is his father, who covered up the murder. Gordon learns that Jason saw him with Barbara at a charity event some time prior, meaning she is the target. Jason approaches Barbara at the Ball and takes her to his home, witnessed by Selina.

21
21
"The Anvil or the Hammer"
Paul Edwards
Jordan Harper
April 27, 2015 (2015-04-27)
4X6671
4.58[35]

Jason holds Barbara captive and forces her at knifepoint to choose his next victim. Nygma disposes of Dougherty's body and forges a letter from him saying a cold goodbye to Kringle. Bruce sneaks into Bunderslaw's office to open his safe, but Bunderslaw was expecting Bruce and has emptied it. He claims that Thomas knew of Wayne Enterprises' illegal activities but kept quiet. Junior executive Lucius Fox tells Bruce that Thomas did not approve of the company's crimes. Bruce confesses his and Selina's adventures, including Payne's death, to Alfred. Cobblepot sends the hitmen to attack Maroni, but is revealed to have set up the plan to frame Falcone and start a war between the two mob bosses. Gordon and Bullock locate Jason's apartment, but he and Barbara have already left for her parents' mansion. There, they find her parents dead, and Gordon kills Jason after a standoff. Later, Gordon reassures Lee that he no longer loves Barbara. Maroni begins attacking Falcone's men, and Essen calls all GCPD officers to remain on duty during the upcoming gang war.

22
22
"All Happy Families Are Alike"
Danny Cannon
Bruno Heller
May 4, 2015 (2015-05-04)
4X6672
4.93[36]

The mob war between Falcone and Maroni escalates. Cobblepot attempts to kill Falcone himself and take his place, but Gordon intervenes. As Maroni's men approach, Gordon and Bullock bring Falcone, Cobblepot, and Butch to a safe house, but Mooney's new gang, including Selina, take them captive. Maroni arrives, but Cobblepot manipulates him and Mooney into a dispute over mob leadership. Mooney abruptly kills Maroni. Gordon, Bullock, and Falcone escape in the ensuing chaos. While Butch struggles on whom to be loyal to, Cobblepot fights and throws Mooney off the roof into the water, calling himself Gotham's new crime lord. Barbara undergoes trauma counseling with Lee; she reveals she killed her parents and attacks Lee, who neutralizes her. Kringle begins suspecting Nygma's involvement in Dougherty's disappearance; and he is revealed to have a second personality. Falcone retires from the mob, urging Gordon to continue fighting crime. Believing his father led a secret life and remembering a subtle clue from Fox, Bruce discovers a hidden stairwell behind the fireplace.

text: Season 2 (2015–16)[edit]

text:
No.
overall
No. in
season
Title
Directed by
Written by
Original air date
Prod.
code
U.S. viewers
(millions)

Rise of the Villains [37]

23
1
"Damned If You Do..."
Danny Cannon
Bruno Heller
September 21, 2015 (2015-09-21)
4X6201
4.57[40]

Having resigned, Bullock is working as a bartender while Gordon is demoted to an officer and eventually fired by Commissioner Loeb. Gordon works with Cobblepot, now a crime boss having employed Zsasz and Selina, to force Loeb to reinstate Gordon as a detective, resign and give his position to Essen in exchange for Gordon collecting a debt from a mobster and regretfully killing him to protect himself. Meanwhile, several inmates of Arkham Asylum including Barbara Kean, Aaron Helzinger, Jerome Valeska, Arnold Dobkins, Richard Sionis and Robert Greenwood are broken out by Theo Galavan and his sister/enforcer, Tabitha[38][39]. All but Sionis agree to join forces with Theo; Sionis is killed for his refusal. Bruce and Alfred discover a secret office at the end of the staircase, with a letter from Thomas, urging Bruce to choose between happiness and the truth.

24
2
"Knock, Knock"
Rob Bailey
Ken Woodruff
September 28, 2015 (2015-09-28)
4X6202
4.65[41]

Theo kidnaps Mayor James while his group of "Maniax", excluding Barbara, begin a killing spree for the sake of publicity. Gordon fails to persuade Bullock to return. Dobkins is arrested before being killed by Tabitha using a sniper rifle. While Barbara lures Gordon out of GCPD, the Maniax attack and kill several police officers; Nygma is wounded saving Kringle. Helzinger beats up Gordon until he is stopped by Barbara. Jerome kills Greenwood and fatally wounds Essen. Following this, Bullock rejoins the force to stop the Maniax. Meanwhile, Alfred destroys the computer in the secret room, intending to protect Bruce, who gets angry and fires him. Alfred later agrees to return with the condition of training Bruce how to fight. Bruce has Fox begin fixing the computer.

25
3
"The Last Laugh"
Eagle Egilsson
John Stephens
October 5, 2015 (2015-10-05)
4X6203
4.33[42]

Gordon and Bullock start searching for Jerome, but discover Paul Cicero, Jerome's father, already murdered, Theo tells Barbara, who has a romantic relationship with Tabitha, that his family built Gotham and he is seeking revenge on those who tarnished his family name. He attends a charity event that Alfred, Bruce and Lee also do. Alfred develops feelings toward Lee. Jerome and Barbara impose as magicians and take the guests hostage. Bruce and Selina manage to escape; but he returns to save Alfred. Gordon fails to persuade the officers for a rescue operation, entering the building alone. The situation turns out to be an elaborate ruse wherein Theo kills Jerome and is perceived to be a hero. Alfred learns about Gordon and Lee. Tabitha learns that Barbara is involved with Theo. Bullock threatens Cobblepot not to ask Gordon for anymore "favors". Several Gotham citizens see Jerome's actions on television and begin having mental breakdowns.

26
4
"Strike Force"
TJ Scott
Danny Cannon
October 12, 2015 (2015-10-12)
4X6204
4.17[43]

Nathaniel Barnes, a new captain of the GCPD, arrives to clean up department and end corruption. With Gordon's assistance, they recruit several aspiring police graduates from the Academy in order to form a Strike Force team called Unit Alpha to accomplish the goal. Theo kidnaps Kapelput and blackmails Cobblepot into murdering all of the other candidates so that the former can run for mayor unopposed. When Selina begins looking for Bruce at his prep school, Alfred punches her for Payne and demands her to stay away from Bruce. Shortly afterwards, Bruce meets with Theo to thank him for saving his life during the charity event and meets his niece, Silver St. Cloud, who is also attending the school. Nygma begins dating Kringle. As Cobblepot begins to have Butch quietly search for Kapelput, Gordon confronts him for attacking the candidates. Cobblepot threatens to reveal Gordon's affiliations to Barnes, who directs Unit Alpha to target Cobblepot.

27
5
"Scarification"
Bill Eagles
Jordan Harper
October 19, 2015 (2015-10-19)
4X6205
4.19[44]

Theo has Bunderslaw kidnapped; and Tabitha removes one of his eyes. Unit Alpha busts one of Cobblepot's money laundering facilities. Theo asks Gordon to endorse his campaign, which he declines. Tabitha tasks Cobblepot to burn buildings owned by Wayne Enterprises; and he lures her into believing that he has become paranoid with his henchmen's loyalties. He hires the Pyke arsonist family, giving them Bunderslaw's eye, which they use to steal an old knife. Cobblepot learns from an antiquist that 200 years prior, the Waynes destroyed the Dumas, beginning with cutting one's hand off by the knife. The Dumas' remnants changed their family name to Galavan. Cobblepot deduces that the Galavans want revenge upon the Waynes and tasks Butch to infiltrate the Galavans using Cobblepot's paranoia and free Kapelput, cutting off Butch's hand to support the deceit. Unit Alpha ambushes Bridgit Pyke, who fatally burns an officer. She escapes with Selina. Gordon decides to endorse Theo, who is revealed to be affiliated with a monk named Creel.

28
6
"By Fire"
TJ Scott
Rebecca Perry Cutter
October 26, 2015 (2015-10-26)
4X6206
4.32[45]

Barnes scolds Gordon for using extreme interrogation. Bridgit is abducted and further abused by her brothers after attempting to leave Gotham. She kills them and begins killing other criminals. After a visit to Selina's hideout, Gordon and Bullock find the Pike brothers dead. As Bruce and Silver begin developing feelings, Theo promises him to help clean up the corruption at Wayne Enterprises. Butch discovers Kapelput's location before being discovered by Theo. The former escapes and tells Cobblepot, who begins rallying a rescue team. Bridgit is incapacitated in a struggle with the GCPD strike force, publicly announced to be dead much to the dismay of Selina, who tells Gordon about Cobblepot's involvement. Nygma tells Kringle about Dougherty before accidentally killing her when she attempts to escape him. Bridgit is revealed to be alive with her suit had melted onto her, rendering her fireproof. She is taken to Indian Hill, an underground division of Wayne Enterprises where illicit experiments are performed.

29
7
"Mommy's Little Monster"
Kenneth Fink
Robert Hull
November 2, 2015 (2015-11-02)
4X6207
4.27[46]

Butch leads Cobblepot to Gertrud's location, where Theo and Tabitha are waiting. The former is revealed to have been freed of his brainwash, betraying Cobblepot. Tabitha kills Gertrud before Cobblepot manages to escape, vowing to get revenge. Theo, now elected mayor, convinces the GCPD that Cobblepot assaulted him and has Dent obtain a warrant for Cobblepot's arrest. Gordon begins suspecting Theo and tracks down Butch, who reveals Theo's actions. Theo attends his victory celebration at which the GCPD are secretly stationed, ready to capture Cobblepot if he arrives. Cobblepot shows up with his henchmen, but is quickly ambushed by Gordon and narrowly escapes. Gordon promises Theo to expose his corruption. Tabitha murders a Unit Alpha member to escape. Following Kringle's death, Nygma's split personality convinces him that he enjoys getting away with murder. Both of Nygma's personalities then merge. Silver is revealed to be involved in Theo's plans and assigned to seduce Bruce. She succeeds while causing a friction between him and Selina.

30
8
"Tonight's the Night"
Jeffrey Hunt
Jim Barnes
November 9, 2015 (2015-11-09)
4X6208
4.11[47]

Due to Gordon's investigation, Theo accelerates his plans, offering Bruce the identity of his parents' murderer in exchange for buying his voting shares in Wayne Enterprises. Barnes recruits more officers into the Strike Force. In order to keep Gordon distracted from Bruce, Barbara surrenders to GCPD and offers information against Theo. While en route to an unknown location on her instructions, they are ambushed by Theo's operatives. Gordon wakes up in the church where he and Barbara were planning to marry. She brings an abducted Lee for execution. Bullock deduces the location. While the Strike Force engages Tabitha's crew and rescues Lee, Gordon briefly fights Barbara, leading to her severe injuries after due to a fall. Following information provided by Barbara, GCPD rescues James. Bruce declines Theo's proposition just as Gordon arrives and arrests Theo, who destroys the evidence on the Waynes' killer. While trying to bury Kringle and another victim, Nygma discovers an injured and exhausted Penguin, who asks Nygma for help.

31
9
"A Bitter Pill to Swallow"
Louis Shaw Milito
Megan Mostyn-Brown
November 16, 2015 (2015-11-16)
4X6209
4.35[48]

Seeking revenge for Barbara's injuries, Tabitha hires an assassins agency against Gordon. Bruce tries to get information about his parents' killer from Silver, but is stopped by Alfred, who demands her to stay away from the former, whom he warns not to pursue the case without Gordon. When Bruce tries to sneak out, he is stopped by Selina, who claims she has evidence for Silver's malevolence. Gordon and Barnes investigate Theo's penthouse for evidence. The assassins arrive; Gordon and Barnes manage to overpower them, but Barnes is severely injured. Barnes tells Gordon about a teenage prisoner he killed while serving as a marine, assuring him that they are not evil since they are enforcing the law. Police backup is eliminated by another assassin named Eduardo Flamingo. After coming close to killing him, Gordon arrests Flamingo, but, before being placed in his cell, Flamingo kills another officer. Meanwhile, Nygma persuades Cobblepot to move on from Gertrud's death and kill one of Theo's kidnapped henchmen in celebration. Tabitha visits Theo, who warns her not to interfere with his plans. Creel's fellow monks arrive in Gotham.

32
10
"The Son of Gotham"
Rob Bailey
John Stephens
November 23, 2015 (2015-11-23)
4X6210
4.00[49]

Bruce and Silver are kidnapped by a mercenary named Tom, who manipulates her into seemingly revealing the name of the Waynes' killer, named M. Malone. Tom is revealed to have been hired by Bruce and Selina to extract the truth from Silver, who later claims that she lied. Bruce later admits feelings to Selina. The monks known as the Order of Saint Dumas begin a killing spree, which Gordon connects to the Galavans. Theo is released after James lies, framing Cobblepot for the kidnapping. Gordon is abducted by Theo, who reveals the history of his family to Gordon, and overpowers him in a duel; but Gordon is rescued by Cobblepot and Gabe. Alfred grows suspicious of Bruce's whereabouts and searches Theo's residence, where he is wounded in a fight with Tabitha, whom he narrowly escapes from. When Lee notices Kringle's absence, Nygma tells her that Kringle left town with Dougherty. Theo breaks into Wayne Manor and attacks Bruce.

33
11
"Worse Than a Crime"
Jeffrey Hunt
Bruno Heller
November 30, 2015 (2015-11-30)
4X6211
4.51[50]

Gordon wakes up in Nygma's house only to learn from Cobblepot that he is now a fugitive for assaulting Theo. Lucius finishes fixing the computer, but finds no one at the Manor. Gordon and Cobblepot begin making plans to break into Theo's residence, save Bruce and defeat the Order. Lee tells Gordon that she is pregnant. Theo tasks Silver to seduce Bruce again, warning to expel her if she fails. Bruce learns of Silver's mission and decides to lure Theo into believing her success. Gordon, Bullock, Alfred, Selina, Cobblepot and his gang all arrive at Theo's residence just as the Order is about to kill Bruce. As the Order is decimated, Theo, Tabitha, and Silver begin to make their escape. Tabitha and Silver escape but leave Theo behind. Cobblepot convinces Gordon that Theo might never be convicted and the two take Theo to the docks and murder him. Gordon proposes to Lee. Theo's body is taken Indian Hill where Fish Mooney's body also is being kept. Theo's body is assigned to one Professor Strange.

Wrath of the Villains [51]

34
12
"Mr. Freeze"
Nick Copus
Ken Woodruff
February 29, 2016 (2016-02-29)
4X6212
4.12[52]

Several weeks following Theo's death, Gordon is called in for questioning and Cobblepot is arrested. Gordon and Cobblepot lie to the police, stating that Cobblepot murdered Galavan due to insanity and Gordon was not involved. The latter is reinstated into the GCPD, while Cobblepot is sent to Arkham, where he becomes a patient of Strange, the Chief of Psychiatry. Butch takes over Cobblepot's criminal empire and is seduced by Tabitha. Gordon and Bullock begin investigating a kidnapping and murder spree, unaware that a scientist named Victor Fries is the culprit. Victor has been experimenting on freezing and re-animating humans so as to find a cure for his terminally ill wife Nora. When the police target Victor as a suspect, they discover his laboratory while he is away and arrest Nora. After learning of the arrest, Victor attempts to turn himself in before witnessing one of his subjects reanimated and deducing the treatment. Cobblepot learns of the illicit experiments conducted by Strange, who receives news of Victor's activities and begins making plans to recruit him for Indian Hill, where Bridgit is reported to be resisting the procedures.

35
13
"A Dead Man Feels No Cold"
Eagle Egilsson
Seth Boston
March 7, 2016 (2016-03-07)
4X6213
4.54[53]

At Arkham, Strange begins overseeing intensive treatments for Cobblepot's aggressive tendencies. Upon learning that Nora is being sent to the medical wing at Arkham, Victor builds an armoured suit. Strange learns the truth about Theo's death. Victor arrives at the asylum and, with Strange facilitating his activities in exchange for one of his cartridges, manages to escape with Nora. Gordon deduces that Victor will return to his home laboratory in order to freeze Nora and the police surround the building. In the laboratory, Nora blames herself for the murders. Victor freezes her, only to learn that she switched the cartridges when he was not looking, leading to her death. He attempts suicide by freezing himself. Publicly pronounced dead, he wakes up in Indian Hill to discover that he can no longer survive outside of subzero temperatures. He meets Strange, who offers him an alliance as a fellow scientist and a modified suit for outside world. Gordon and Lee's relationship faces a friction. Elsewhere, Bruce researches a lead, believing he has discovered the killer to be Patrick "Matches" Malone. Bruce falsely promises Alfred to let him kill Malone when found, but asks Selina to find him a gun.

36
14
"This Ball of Mud and Meanness"
John Behring
Jordan Harper
March 14, 2016 (2016-03-14)
4X6214
4.01[54]

Bruce receives a gun from Selina and goes on the hunt for Malone with Alfred. To get the information, Alfred is forced to fight in an underground club, landing him in the hospital. After Bruce goes on the hunt himself, Alfred contacts Gordon and Bullock so that they can protect Bruce, who locates Malone, who seemingly confirms he is responsible for the murder of Bruce's parents, refusing to name the employer. He asks Bruce to kill him, but Bruce holds back at the last moment and leaves the gun behind, leading to Malone committing suicide. Later, in the cave, Alfred reads Bruce's letter about him moving to the streets with Selina to learn how to fight crime. Meanwhile, Leslie asks Gordon to investigate Kringle's sudden disappearance. When Nygma is informed, he vows to outsmart Gordon. After running a few more tests on Cobblepot, Strange declares him sane and releases him from Arkham, all the while stating that he still has "deeper plans" for him.

37
15
"Mad Grey Dawn"
Nick Copus
Robert Hull
March 21, 2016 (2016-03-21)
4X6215
3.89[55]

Cobblepot meets and reconciles with Butch, disapproved by Tabitha. After seeing and disappointing Nygma, Cobblepot visits Gertrud's grave, meeting his father Elijah Van Dahl, who had an affair with Gertrud when she served his wealthy family, who forcefully separated the pair. Dahl welcomes Cobblepot into his family, with his wife and her children despising Cobblepot. Nygma begins a series of crimes that involve brain teasers. As Gordon begins solving these crimes, Nygma kills Officer Pinkney, deceiving the GCPD that Gordon killed Pinkney to cover up Theo's murder, to which Pinkney was presumably a witness. An angry Barnes arrests Gordon. After a trial, Gordon is found guilty and sentenced to Blackgate Penitentiary. Bullock vows to prove Gordon's innocence. Selina begins training Bruce as they steal money from Butch's nephew, with Bruce taking a massive beating from the nephew in the process. He later tells her that he believed in his stamina. Barbara wakes from her catatonic state in Arkham.

38
16
"Prisoners"
Scott White
Danny Cannon
March 28, 2016 (2016-03-28)
4X6216
3.82[56]

Gordon begins adjusting to life in prison. Warden Carlson Grey moves Gordon to the General Population, part of his plan to have Gordon killed. The latter is constantly aided by C.O. Wilson Bishop. Gordon is told by Bullock that Lee has lost their baby and left town. Later, he is defended from attackers by convict Peter "Puck" Davies, who is beaten and sent to the infirmary. In an attempt to save Gordon, Bullock meets with Falcone. Gordon's death is successfully staged; and he and Puck escape. Puck dies from his injuries, while Gordon is given a safe house so he can prove his innocence and find Lee. Meanwhile, Oswald reveals his criminal past to Dahl, who forgives him. Dahl learns from his physician that he has little time to live. After several failed attempts to expel Oswald and claim Dahl's fortune, his wife Grace and her children Sasha and Charles poison a drink for Oswald to ingest. However, Dahl drinks from the bottle and dies, after stating to Oswald his intentions of changing his will in favor of him.

39
17
"Into the Woods"
Oz Scott
Rebecca Perry Cutter
April 11, 2016 (2016-04-11)
4X6217
3.71[57]

Gordon continues fleeing the law as he tries to clear his name. When Gordon secretly approaches Nygma for help, he deduces that Nygma framed him and escapes him after being shot. He goes to Selina's, tasking her to give a false report to the GCPD, luring Nygma into relocating Kringle's body. Gordon follows Nygma into the woods, where the latter admits that he framed Gordon as the GCPD eavesdrops on the conversation. They arrest Nygma before he can kill Gordon. Nygma is placed in Arkham. Barnes offers Gordon his job back, but Gordon decides to find Malone's employer first, with Barnes giving him Lee's phone number and workplace. Strange has Barbara released in spite of her incomplete treatment, intending to watch her activities. She visits Gordon. After Alfred tells him of Lucius having fixed the computer, Bruce decides to stay at the manor and push Selina away for her safety. Following Dahl's funeral, Cobblepot is bullied by Grace and her children. However, when he discovers evidence that they killed Dahl, his former self returns and he kills the trio.

40
18
"Pinewood"
John Stephens
Robert Hull & Megan Mostyn-Brown
April 18, 2016 (2016-04-18)
4X6218
3.72[58]

Bruce, Lucius, and Alfred search through the secret files on Thomas's computer with the goal of finding a clue to his and Martha's murder. Claiming to be cured of her condition, Barbara tries to reconcile with Gordon, but to no avail. With her unorthodox assistance, Gordon discovers that the person who contracted Malone to kill the Waynes is known as "the Philosopher." Bruce and Alfred track a lead from Thomas's computer and find Karen Jennings, a former Blackgate inmate on whom experiments were performed at Pinewood Farms, a Wayne Enterprises facility, by the Philosopher. She offers to identify the Philosopher, but Fries is sent to kill her. Following Jennings' death, Lucius does further research and discovers that Strange is the Philosopher. After many failed attempts, Strange finally succeeds in resurrecting someone from the dead: Theo. Barbara returns to Tabitha.

41
19
"Azrael"
Larysa Kondracki
Jim Barnes & Ken Woodruff
May 2, 2016 (2016-05-02)
4X6219
3.59[59]

Gordon questions Strange about his activities, which later makes Strange send a brainwashed Theo, now under the name Azrael, to take out Gordon. Nygma overhears Strange and Peabody complaining about Gordon's interference, offering help in defeatin Gordon, but Strange refuses. Bruce is told by Bullock and Gordon that there is not enough evidence to arrest Strange. Azrael gets some memories back after looking at posters from Galavan's election. Barnes puts Gordon in holding to protect him before the lights flicker and Azrael shows up, killing a few officers and making an unsuccessful attempt on Gordon's life. Barnes and Gordon flee to the roof, where Barnes fights Azrael with a pipe, breaks his supposedly legendary sword, and rips off his mask, revealing Azrael's identity to the public. In the end, Barnes is sent to the hospital and Gordon heads home, watched by Azrael from a distance. Nygma uses some inmates under his influence to infiltrate Strange's secret ward.

42
20
"Unleashed"
Paul Edwards
Danny Cannon
May 9, 2016 (2016-05-09)
4X6220
3.67[60]

Together with Bullock and a crew of police officers, Gordon arrives at Arkham with a warrant to inspect Strange's office. Strange is one step ahead, having shredded all of his documents. Nygma, in the meantime, is disturbed by what he saw at Indian Hill and determines to escape. Bullock becomes the acting captain. Bruce decides to go off with Selina to find a way into Arkham. She accepts in order to rescue Bridgit, but insists she go in on her own. Gordon and Bullock arrive at Butch's mansion to talk with Tabitha, who states the sword Azrael used was fake and that the real one is located in her grandfather's tomb, where they arrive and acquire it. Azrael arrives, injuring Tabitha and escaping with the sword. Selina encounters Nygma, who gives her instructions to enter Indian Hill in exchange for the way out. Gordon warns Alfred about Azrael just as Bruce returns to Wayne Manor. Gordon arrives and shoots Azrael multiple times, but he remains undefeated until Cobblepot and Butch arrive and kill Azrael with an RPG. Nygma is captured while Selina is attacked by Bridget, who has no memories of her past and calls herself "Firefly".

43
21
"A Legion of Horribles"
Rob Bailey
Jordan Harper
May 16, 2016 (2016-05-16)
4X6221
3.84[61]

Seeing Firefly's defeat improbable, Selina convinces her to accept her as a "servant". Bruce learns of her capture. As Strange's unknown female employer pushes him for results, his project continues; and he successfully resurrects Fish, the first subject to retain full mental function. Bruce believes that there is a secret room in Arkham where Strange is experimenting on the dead and that the only way to be certain is if they head in themselves. Bruce, Gordon, and Fox visit Arkham to execute their plan, but their motives are revealed and all three are captured. Fish learns that she can control the mind of the person she touches. Bruce and Fox are put in a chamber and interrogated by Nygma on Strange's behalf while Gordon is taken into another room with Strange and introduced to Basil, a patient whose skin stretches more than humanly possible. As Bullock leads a Strike Force team to Arkham, Strange places Gordon in a machine and replicates his visage onto Basil's face.

44
22
"Transference"
Eagle Egilsson
Bruno Heller
May 23, 2016 (2016-05-23)
4X6222
3.62[62]

Disguised as Gordon, Basil pulls the GCPD off of Arkham; however, Barbara later exposes Basil as an impostor. Strange prepares to detonate a bomb beneath Arkham and tells Peabody to transfer the patients to another facility. Mooney gains control of Peabody, but Strange starts the bomb's countdown anyway. With Nygma's help, Gordon and Lucius stop the bomb. Mooney escapes in a bus with the other enhanced inmates, and encounters a shocked Penguin on the street; she knocks him out, prompting Butch and his gang to flee. Strange is arrested, Gordon leaves to find Lee, entrusting Gotham to Bullock. Bruce tells Alfred of his plans to find the secret council that wants him dead. A homeless woman opens the abandoned bus, unwittingly releasing the inmates upon Gotham; among them is a boy identical to Bruce.

text: Season 3 (2016–17)[edit]

text:
No.
overall
No. in
season
Title
Directed by
Written by
Original air date
Prod.
code
U.S. viewers
(millions)

Mad City [63][64]

45
1
"Better to Reign in Hell..."
Danny Cannon
John Stephens
September 19, 2016 (2016-09-19)
T13.19901
3.90[65]

46
2
"Burn the Witch"
Danny Cannon
Ken Woodruff
September 26, 2016 (2016-09-26)
T13.19902
3.54[66]

47
3
"Look into My Eyes"
Rob Bailey
Danny Cannon
October 3, 2016 (2016-10-03)
T13.19903
3.19[67]

48
4
"New Day Rising"
Eagle Egilsson
Robert Hull
October 10, 2016 (2016-10-10)
T13.19904
3.42[68]

49
5
"Anything for You"
TJ Scott
Denise Thé
October 17, 2016 (2016-10-17)
T13.19905
3.32[69]

50
6
"Follow the White Rabbit"
Nathan Hope
Steven Lilien & Bryan Wynbrandt
October 24, 2016 (2016-10-24)
T13.19906
3.48[70]

51
7
"Red Queen"
Scott White
Megan Mostyn-Brown
October 31, 2016 (2016-10-31)
T13.19907
3.16[71]

52
8
"Blood Rush"
Rob Bailey
Tze Chun
November 7, 2016 (2016-11-07)
T13.19908
3.52[72]

53
9
"The Executioner"
John Behring
Ken Woodruff
November 14, 2016 (2016-11-14)
T13.19909
3.63[73]

54
10
"Time Bomb"
Hanelle M. Culpepper
Robert Hull
November 21, 2016 (2016-11-21)
T13.19910
3.44[74]

55
11
"Beware the Green-Eyed Monster"
Danny Cannon
John Stephens
November 28, 2016 (2016-11-28)
T13.19911
3.37[75]

56
12
"Ghosts"
Eagle Egilsson
Danny Cannon
January 16, 2017 (2017-01-16)
T13.19912
3.69[76]

57
13
"Smile Like You Mean It"
Olatunde Osunsanmi
Steven Lilien & Bryan Wynbrandt
January 23, 2017 (2017-01-23)
T13.19913
3.60[77]

58
14
"The Gentle Art of Making Enemies"
Louis Shaw Milito
Seth Boston
January 30, 2017 (2017-01-30)
T13.19914
3.46[78]

Heroes Rise [79]

59
15
"How the Riddler Got His Name"
TJ Scott
Megan Mostyn-Brown
April 24, 2017 (2017-04-24)
T13.19915
2.99[80]

60
16
"These Delicate and Dark Obsessions"
Ben McKenzie
Robert Hull
May 1, 2017 (2017-05-01)
T13.19916
3.02[81]

61
17
"The Primal Riddle"
Maja Vrvilo
Steven Lilien & Bryan Wynbrandt
May 8, 2017 (2017-05-08)
T13.19917
3.03[82]

62
18
"Light the Wick"
Mark Tonderai
Tze Chun
May 15, 2017 (2017-05-15)
T13.19918
2.98[83]

63
19
"All Will Be Judged"
John Behring
Ken Woodruff
May 22, 2017 (2017-05-22)
T13.19919
2.92[84]

64
20
"Pretty Hate Machine"
Danny Cannon
Steven Lilien & Bryan Wynbrandt
May 29, 2017 (2017-05-29)
T13.19920
3.03[85]

65
21
"Destiny Calling"
Nathan Hope
Danny Cannon
June 5, 2017 (2017-06-05)
T13.19921
3.17[86]

66
22
"Heavydirtysoul"
Rob Bailey
Robert Hull
June 5, 2017 (2017-06-05)
T13.19922
3.03[86]

text: Season 4 (2017–18)[edit]

text:
No.
overall
No. in
season
Title
Directed by
Written by
Original air date
Prod.
code
U.S. viewers
(millions)

A Dark Knight [87]

67
1
"Pax Penguina"
Danny Cannon
John Stephens
September 21, 2017 (2017-09-21)
T40.10001
3.21[88]

68
2
"The Fear Reaper"
Louis Shaw Milito
Danny Cannon
September 28, 2017 (2017-09-28)
T40.10002
2.87[89]

69
3
"They Who Hide Behind Masks"
Mark Tonderai
Steven Lilien & Bryan Wynbrandt
October 5, 2017 (2017-10-05)
T40.10003
2.92[90]

70
4
"The Demon's Head"
Kenneth Fink
Ben McKenzie
October 12, 2017 (2017-10-12)
T40.10004
2.75[91]

71
5
"The Blade's Path"
Scott White
Tze Chun
October 19, 2017 (2017-10-19)
T40.10005
2.75[92]

72
6
"Hog Day Afternoon"
Mark Tonderai
Kim Newton
October 26, 2017 (2017-10-26)
T40.10006
2.87[93]

73
7
"A Day in the Narrows"
John Behring
Peter Blake
November 2, 2017 (2017-11-02)
T40.10007
2.75[94]

74
8
"Stop Hitting Yourself"
Rob Bailey
Charlie Huston
November 9, 2017 (2017-11-09)
T40.10008
2.70[95]

75
9
"Let Them Eat Pie"
Nathan Hope
Iturri Sosa
November 16, 2017 (2017-11-16)
T40.10009
2.62[96]

76
10
"Things That Go Boom"
Louis Shaw Milito
Steven Lilien & Bryan Wynbrandt
November 30, 2017 (2017-11-30)
T40.10010
2.59[97]

77
11
"Queen Takes Knight"
Danny Cannon
John Stephens
December 7, 2017 (2017-12-07)
T40.10011
2.53[98]

78
12
"Pieces of a Broken Mirror"
Hanelle M. Culpepper
Danny Cannon
March 1, 2018 (2018-03-01)
T40.10012
2.57[99]

79
13
"A Beautiful Darkness"
John Stephens
Tze Chun
March 8, 2018 (2018-03-08)
T40.10013
2.41[100]

80
14
"Reunion"
Annabelle K. Frost
Peter Blake
March 15, 2018 (2018-03-15)
T40.10014
2.55[101]

81
15
"The Sinking Ship The Grand Applause"
Nick Copus
Seth Boston
March 22, 2018 (2018-03-22)
T40.10015
2.47[102]

82
16
"One of My Three Soups"
Ben McKenzie
Charlie Huston
March 29, 2018 (2018-03-29)
T40.10016
2.39[103]

83
17
"Mandatory Brunch Meeting"
Maja Vrvilo
Steven Lilien & Bryan Wynbrandt
April 5, 2018 (2018-04-05)
T40.10017
TBD

84
18
"That's Entertainment"[104]
TBA
TBA
April 12, 2018 (2018-04-12)
TBA
TBD

85
19
"To Our Deaths and Beyond"[105]
TBA
TBA
April 19, 2018 (2018-04-19)
TBA
TBD

text: Ratings[edit]

text: Season 1 (2014–15)[edit]

text:
No.
Title
Air date
Rating/share
(18–49)
Viewers
(millions)
DVR
(18–49)
DVR viewers
(millions)
Total
(18–49)
Total viewers
(millions)

1
"Pilot"
September 22, 2014
3.2/10
8.21[6]
2.7
5.84
6.0
14.15[106]

2
"Selina Kyle"
September 29, 2014
2.8/8
7.45[10]
1.9
4.33
4.7
11.81[107]

3
"The Balloonman"
October 6, 2014
2.5/8
6.36[11]
2.0
4.52
4.5
10.88[108]

4
"Arkham"
October 13, 2014
2.4/7
6.39[12]
1.7
3.95
4.5
10.34[109]

5
"Viper"
October 20, 2014
2.3/7
6.09[13]
1.7
4.33
4.0
10.12[110]

6
"Spirit of the Goat"
October 27, 2014
2.2/7
5.89[14]
1.5
3.78
3.7
9.66[111]

7
"Penguin's Umbrella"
November 3, 2014
2.4/7
6.63[15]
1.7
3.83
4.1
10.47[112]

8
"The Mask"
November 10, 2014
2.2/7
6.35[16]
1.6
3.68
3.8
10.03[113]

9
"Harvey Dent"
November 17, 2014
2.3/6
6.49[17]
1.7
3.77
4.0
10.26[114]

10
"Lovecraft"
November 24, 2014
2.3/7
6.05[22]
1.5
3.56
3.8
9.61[115]

11
"Rogues' Gallery"
January 5, 2015
2.5/8
7.06[25]
1.3
3.04
3.8
10.10[116]

12
"What the Little Bird Told Him"
January 19, 2015
2.2/7
6.50[26]
1.6
3.49
3.8
9.99[117]

13
"Welcome Back, Jim Gordon"
January 26, 2015
2.1/6
6.04[27]
1.3
3.03
3.4
9.07[118]

14
"The Fearsome Dr. Crane"
February 2, 2015
1.9/6
5.79[28]
1.3
2.80
3.2
8.59[119]

15
"The Scarecrow"
February 9, 2015
1.8/6
5.63[29]
1.2
2.76
3.0
8.39[120]

16
"The Blind Fortune Teller"
February 16, 2015
2.1/6
6.19[30]
1.3
3.06
3.4
9.25[121]

17
"Red Hood"
February 23, 2015
2.3/7
6.53[31]
1.3
3.20
3.6
9.73[122]

18
"Everyone Has a Cobblepot"
March 2, 2015
2.0/6
6.10[32]
1.4
3.11
3.4
9.21[123]

19
"Beasts of Prey"
April 13, 2015
1.5/5
4.50[33]
1.1
2.63
2.6
7.13[124]

20
"Under the Knife"
April 20, 2015
1.6/5
4.44[34]
1.1
2.85
2.7
7.28[125]

21
"The Anvil or the Hammer"
April 27, 2015
1.5/5
4.58[35]
1.1
2.65
2.6
7.23[126]

22
"All Happy Families Are Alike"
May 4, 2015
1.7/6
4.93[36]
1.1
2.64
2.8
7.57[127]

text: Season 2 (2015–16)[edit]

text:
No.
Title
Air date
Rating/share
(18–49)
Viewers
(millions)
DVR
(18–49)
DVR viewers
(millions)
Total
(18–49)
Total viewers
(millions)

1
"Damned If You Do..."
September 21, 2015
1.6/5
4.57[40]
1.2
2.92
2.8
7.49[128]

2
"Knock, Knock"
September 28, 2015
1.6/5
4.65[41]
1.3
2.90
2.9
7.54[129]

3
"The Last Laugh"
October 5, 2015
1.5/5
4.33[42]
1.2
2.78
2.7
7.11[130]

4
"Strike Force"
October 12, 2015
1.5/5
4.17[43]
1.3
2.64
2.8
6.81[131]

5
"Scarification"
October 19, 2015
1.3/4
4.19[44]
1.1
2.43
2.4
6.62[132]

6
"By Fire"
October 26, 2015
1.5/5
4.32[45]
1.1
2.43
2.6
6.76[133]

7
"Mommy's Little Monster"
November 2, 2015
1.6/5
4.27[46]
1.1
2.77
2.7
7.04[134]

8
"Tonight's the Night"
November 9, 2015
1.5/4
4.11[47]
1.2
2.70
2.7
6.81[135]

9
"A Bitter Pill to Swallow"
November 16, 2015
1.5/5
4.35[48]
1.1
2.46
2.6
6.79[136]

10
"The Son of Gotham"
November 23, 2015
1.4/4
4.00[49]
1.0
2.49
2.4
6.49[137]

11
"Worse Than a Crime"
November 30, 2015
1.6/5
4.51[50]
1.0
2.42
2.6
6.93[138]

12
"Mr. Freeze"
February 29, 2016
1.5/5
4.12[52]
1.0
2.44
2.5
6.57[139]

13
"A Dead Man Feels No Cold"
March 7, 2016
1.5/5
4.54[53]
1.0
2.23
2.5
6.77[140]

14
"This Ball of Mud and Meanness"
March 14, 2016
1.3/4
4.01[54]
1.0
2.31
2.3
6.32[141]

15
"Mad Grey Dawn"
March 21, 2016
1.3/4
3.89[55]
0.8
2.09
2.1
5.98[142]

16
"Prisoners"
March 28, 2016
1.3/5
3.82[56]
0.8
1.92
2.1
5.72[143]

17
"Into the Woods"
April 11, 2016
1.2/4
3.71[57]
0.9
2.07
2.1
5.78[144]

18
"Pinewood"
April 18, 2016
1.2/4
3.72[58]
0.9
2.16
2.1
5.88[145]

19
"Azrael"
May 2, 2016
1.2/4
3.59[59]
0.9
2.18
2.1
5.77[146]

20
"Unleashed"
May 9, 2016
1.2/4
3.67[60]
0.9
1.93
2.1
5.61[147]

21
"A Legion of Horribles"
May 16, 2016
1.3/4
3.84[61]
0.8
1.88
2.1
5.72[148]

22
"Transference"
May 23, 2016
1.2/4
3.62[62]
0.8
1.94
2.0
5.55[149]


document_title: The 5th Wave (film)

question_text: who plays the girl in the fifth wave

question_tokens: who plays the girl in the fifth wave

root

text: The 5th Wave (film)

text: Plot[edit]

text: Ohio high-schooler Cassie Sullivan, armed with an M4 carbine, emerges from the woods to raid an abandoned gas station. Upon entering, she hears a male voice calling for help. She finds a wounded man, who points a gun at her, but they each put their weapons down. His other hand is under his jacket and as he takes it out, she sees a glint of metal and kills him. He was holding a Christian cross and the screen cuts to black to show her backstory.

tag: p

text: A city-sized alien spaceship is circling Earth, containing extraterrestrials referred to as "The Others". Ten days later, The Others unleash their 1st Wave, an electromagnetic pulse that permanently destroys all electrical power. The 2nd Wave has The Others manipulate the planet's geology and fault lines, causing earthquakes and megatsunamis that destroy coastal cities and islands. For the 3rd Wave, The Others weaponize a strain of avian flu virus, with birds carrying the infectant across the planet. Cassie's mother is one of the casualties.

text: Cassie, her father and her younger brother Sam, find a refugee camp in the woods with roughly 300 survivors. A few days later, an army unit with working vehicles rolls into the camp. The unit's commander, Colonel Vosch, claims there is an imminent threat of a 4th Wave and they will take the children to safety at Wright-Patterson Air Force Base, intending to bring the buses back to retrieve the adults. Cassie is separated from Sam, and witnesses the army massacring all the adults, her father included.

text: Cassie scavenges her way toward the base, but is shot in the leg by an unseen shooter and passes out. About a week later, she wakes up in the farmhouse of a man named Evan Walker, who saved her. Cassie leaves towards the base with Evan, but learns that he is an Other, sent years ago as a sleeper agent and merged his consciousness into a human host. The sleepers roam their designated zones, killing human survivors. Evan admits his humanity was reactivated when he saw her, disagrees with the invasion and lets her leave. He warns that Colonel Vosch and the military are possessed by the consciousness of individual Others.

text: At the base, the military have used deception and technology to convince the rescued children that the humans outside the base have been possessed. They provide military training to the children, forming them into squads to go on kill missions outside the base. Sam has been placed into a squad led by Ben, a boy Cassie had a crush on, along with Ringer, a tough teenage girl, Dumbo and Teacup. While out on a kill mission, Ringer removes her military implant, causing her to register as an Other-possessed human on the squad's scopes. The squad deduces the plan to have them kill real unpossessed humans, making them the 5th Wave. Ben sends his squad into the woods and returns to base, claiming his squad was killed, for the purpose of retrieving Sam, who was left behind.

text: Ben confronts Colonel Vosch about child warriors being the 5th Wave and Cassie kills Sergeant Reznik during her one-on-one indoctrination spiel. Ben and Cassie find each other and leave to find Sam. Evan sets off numerous bombs and advises them to quickly find Sam before the destruction of the entire facility. Colonel Vosch and the surviving military evacuate with the human children by military aircraft. Cassie, Ben and Sam escape, with help from Ringer, just as Evan completes the destruction of the base. Ben's squad is reunited and Cassie ponders the strength of hope as humanity's driving force for survival.

text: Cast[edit]

text:
Chloë Grace Moretz as Cassie Sullivan
Nick Robinson as Ben Thomas Parish
Ron Livingston as Oliver Sullivan
Maggie Siff as Lisa Sullivan
Alex Roe as Evan Walker
Maria Bello as Sergeant Reznik
Maika Monroe as Ringer
Zackary Arthur as Sam Sullivan
Liev Schreiber as Colonel Alexander Vosch
Tony Revolori as "Dumbo"
Talitha Bateman as "Teacup"
Nadji Jeter as "Poundcake"
Alex MacNicoll as "Flintstone"

tag: ul

text: Production[edit]

text: Development[edit]

text: In March 2012, Columbia Pictures picked up the film rights to the trilogy, with Graham King and Tobey Maguire attached as producers.[6][7] On April 15, 2014, it was officially announced that Chloë Grace Moretz would star as Cassie Sullivan, and that J Blakeson would direct from a script by Susannah Grant.[8][9] From June through August 2014, Nick Robinson and Alex Roe joined the film as male protagonists Ben Parish and Evan Walker, respectively, while Liev Schreiber was cast as the villain.[10][11] Over the following months, Maika Monroe, Zackary Arthur, Tony Revolori, Ron Livingston, Maggie Siff, and Talitha Bateman joined the film.[12][13][14][15]

text: Filming[edit]

text: Principal photography began on October 18, 2014, in Atlanta, Georgia.[16][17] Three months later, on January 11, a planned explosion of a bus in downtown Macon, Georgia for the film went awry when it spread wider than planned, blowing out more than forty windows on Cotton Avenue, collapsing ceilings, destroying store fronts, setting one building on fire, and leaving soot on the brick buildings as well. The production company promised to cover all damages caused by the 3:45 am incident, but the work that was done was done badly and remains incomplete twenty-eight months later.[18][19] Filming officially ended on January 17, 2015.[20]

text: Music[edit]

text: In April 2015, it was announced that Henry Jackman would compose the music for the film.[21]

text: Release[edit]

text: Columbia Pictures originally set the film a release date for January 29, 2016.[22] On April 30, 2015, they pushed back the release date this time from its original release date of January 29, 2016, then to January 15, 2016.[23] However, In December 2015, they pushed back the release date this time from January 15, 2016, then to January 22, 2016.[24][25] It was released on January 14, 2016 in Australia, Germany and the Middle East.[26]

text: Marketing[edit]

text: An international trailer for the film was released on Sony Pictures' official YouTube account on September 1, 2015.[27]

text: The film was released for home media on 3 May 2016. The film was released online on various video sites 2 weeks prior to this.

text: Reception[edit]

text: Box office[edit]

text: The 5th Wave grossed $34.9 million in North America and $75 million in other territories for a worldwide total of $109.9 million, against a production budget of $54 million.[28]

text: The film was released in North America on January 22, 2016, alongside Dirty Grandpa and The Boy, and was projected to gross $10–14 million from 2,908 theaters in its opening weekend.[29] It made $475,000 from its Thursday night screenings and $3.5 million on its first day.[30] It went on to gross $10.3 million in its opening weekend, finishing 6th at the box office.[31]

text: Critical response[edit]

text: On review aggregator website Rotten Tomatoes, the film has an approval rating of 15% based on 131 reviews and an average rating of 4.2/10. The site's critical consensus reads, "With unimpressive effects and plot points seemingly pieced together from previous dystopian YA sci-fi films, The 5th Wave ends up feeling like more of a limp, derivative wriggle."[32] On Metacritic, the film has a score of 33 out of 100 based on 30 critics, indicating "generally unfavorable reviews".[5] Audiences polled by CinemaScore gave the film an average grade of "B–" on an A+ to F scale.[31]

text: Jeffrey M. Anderson of The San Francisco Examiner said of the film, "Every plot turn and every line of dialogue has been borrowed from somewhere else, and everything is utterly, totally predictable", noting how the film "steals material from (but does not stop at) the Twilight, Hunger Games and Divergent franchises."[33] Anthony Lane of The New Yorker faulted the film as a "marketing wheeze dressed up as an art form, and stupendously summarized by the image of Cassie hurrying through the woods carrying both an assault rifle and a Teddy bear", adding that the film "appears to have been designed by some crazed Oedipal wing of the N.R.A."[34]

text: Rob Vaux of the Sci-Fi Movie Page gave the film one star out of five, saying, "The YA adaptation craze hits a low point with this aimless, purposeless alien invasion story that wastes a fine cast."[35][unreliable source?] In the San Francisco Chronicle, Mick LaSalle wrote, "rarely does a movie that fails so utterly start so well", falling apart ahead of the fifth wave. As to a possible trilogy, "if we’re not really vigilant, and look to the skies, and prepare, they’re going to make at least two more of these things. We’ve got to beat back the invasion now".[36] Eddie Cockrell of Variety gave the film a mixed review, saying, "The 5th Wave is an effectively decent post-apocalyptic, young adult, world-in-the-balance survival thriller" with an "arrestingly original spin on trendy genre tropes", although he suggested that fans of the book may have "issues with what has been edited".[37]

text: Brian Truitt of USA Today gave the film a positive review, stating that it "is an inviting sci-fi invasion" and "nicely stokes the imagination of a new generation of science-fiction movie nerds". He praised Moretz and Robinson as "equally strong" co-leads.[38] Shannon Harvey of The West Australian also gave the film a positive review, writing, "It’s actually got a lot going for it, from acting prodigy Chloe Grace Moretz as the kind of tough but fragile heroine you can cheer for to handsome production values, several plot twists".[39] Michael Patterson of Moviepilot gave the film a positive review, calling it a "thrilling story of survival".[40]

text: Accolades[edit]

text:
Award
Category
Recipient
Result
Ref.

Teen Choice Awards
Choice Movie Actress: Sci-Fi/Fantasy
Chloë Grace Moretz
Nominated
[41]


document_title: List of presidents of the Junior Chamber International

question_text: who was the first young leader to occupy the chair of the president of junior chamber international

text: This article relies too much on references to primary sources. Please improve this by adding secondary or tertiary sources. (July 2014) (Learn how and when to remove this template message)

text: The World President of the Junior Chamber International is elected annually at the JCI World Congress.

text:
Year elected
Name of President[1]
National Organization
Area
Note

1945/46
Raul Garcia Vidal
Mexico
the Americas

1946/47
Erasmo A. Chambonnet
Panama
the Americas

1947/48
C. Taylor Cole
United States
the Americas

1948/49
Victor Boucas
Brazil
the Americas
JCI Creed is adopted

1949/50
Théo Staar
Belgium
Europe
First European elected

1950/51
Ramon V. del Rosario
Philippines
Asia-Pacific
First Asian elected

1951/52
Philip T. R. Pugsley
Canada
the Americas
JCI Senate established

1952/53
Roberto Villanueva
Philippines
Asia-Pacific

1954
Douglas L. Hoge
United States
the Americas

1955
Peter B. Watts
New Zealand
Asia-Pacific

1956
Arnaldo De Oliveira Sales
Hong Kong
Asia-Pacific

1957
Ira D. Kaye
United States
the Americas

1958
Alberto Philippe Morales
Mexico
the Americas

1959
Maurice C. Sexton
New Zealand
Asia-Pacific

1960
Milton Zapata
Puerto Rico
the Americas

1961
Peter Frankel
Brazil
the Americas

1962
Leslie M. Perrott
Australia
Asia-Pacific

1963
Eric H. Stevenson
Scotland
Europe

1964
Conrad O'Brien
Trinidad and Tobago (JCI West Indies)
the Americas

1965
John D. Rundle
Australia
Asia-Pacific

1966
Edward A. Merdes
United States
the Americas

1967
Clifford E. Myatt
Puerto Rico
the Americas

1968
Philippe Abravanel
Switzerland
Europe

1969
Thomas E. Gates
United States
the Americas

1970
Hiroshi Maeda
Japan
Asia-Pacific

1971
Graham Sinclair
New Zealand
Asia-Pacific

1972
Royce R. Pepin
Australia
Asia-Pacific

1973
L. A. Roy Banarsee
Jamaica (JCI West Indies)
the Americas

1974
A. Jay Smith
United States
the Americas

1975
Jean Claude Féraud
France
Europe

1976
Feliciano Belmonte
Philippines
Asia-Pacific

1977
Ronald G. S. Au
United States
the Americas

1978
Carl Peterson
Guam (JCI Pacific)
Asia-Pacific

1979
Kumar Gera
India
Asia-Pacific

1980
Patricio Izurieta
Ecuador
the Americas

1981
Gary Nagao
Japan
Asia-Pacific

1982
Barry Kennedy
United States
the Americas

1983
Kjell Peterson
Sweden
Europe

1984
Joe Murphy
Ireland
Europe
JCI is present in 55 countries and has 500.000 members

1985
Victor C. Luciano
Philippines
Asia-Pacific

1986
Mohammed Moncef Barouni
Tunisia
Africa and the Middle East
First African elected

1987
Phil Berry
United States
the Americas

1988
Jennifer Yu
Hong Kong
Asia-Pacific
First woman elected

1989
Isfahani Sameen
Sri Lanka
Asia-Pacific

1990
Jorge Suncar Morales
Dominican Republic
the Americas

1991
Reginald Schaumans
Belgium
Europe

1992
Albert Hiribarrondo
France
Europe

1993
Robby Dawkins
United States
the Americas

1994
Arnaud Godère
Mauritius
Africa and the Middle East

1995
David Hide Oji
Japan
Asia-Pacific

1996
Thomas Clear III
United States
the Americas

1997
Crispin Dy
Philippines
Asia-Pacific

1998
Petri Niskanen
Finland
Europe

1999
Youk Suk Choi
Korea
Asia-Pacific

2000
Karyn Bisdee
New Zealand
Asia-Pacific

2001
Georges A. Bouverat
Switzerland
Europe

2002
Salvatore Battle
Catalonia
Europe

2003
Bruce Rector
United States
the Americas

2004
Fernando Sanchez-Arias
Venezuela
the Americas

2005
Kevin Cullinane
Ireland
Europe

2006
Lars Hajslund
Denmark
Europe

2007
Scott Greenlee
United States
the Americas

2008
Graham Hanlon
Ireland
Europe

2009
Jun Sup Shin
Korea
Asia-Pacific

2010
Roland Kwemain
Cameroon
Africa and the Middle East

2011
Kentaro Harada
Japanan
Asia-Pacific

2012
Bertolt Daems
Netherlands
Europe

2013
Chiara Milani
Italy
Europe

2014
Shine Bhaskaran[2]
India
Asia-Pacific

2015
Ismail Haznedar[3]
Turkey
Europe

2016
Paschal Dike
Nigeria
Africa and the Middle East

2017
Dawn Hetzel
United States
the Americas


document_title: Dose–response relationship

question_text: the threshold on a dose-response curve is the

text: Dose–response relationship

text: Dose–response curve[edit]

text: A dose–response curve is a simple X–Y graph relating the magnitude of a stressor (e.g. concentration of a pollutant, amount of a drug, temperature, intensity of radiation) to the response of the receptor (e.g. organism or population under study). The response may be a physiological or biochemical response, or even death (mortality), and thus can be counts (or proportion, e.g., mortality rate), ordered descriptive categories (e.g., severity of a lesion), or continuous measurements (e.g., blood pressure).[4] A number of effects (or endpoints) can be studied, often at different organizational levels (e.g., population, whole animal, tissue, cell).

text: The measured dose (usually in milligrams, micrograms, or grams per kilogram of body-weight for oral exposures or milligrams per cubic meter of ambient air for inhalation exposures) is generally plotted on the X axis and the response is plotted on the Y axis. Other dose units include moles per body-weight, moles per animal, and for dermal exposure, moles per square centimeter. In some cases, it is the logarithm of the dose that is plotted on the X axis, and in such cases the curve is typically sigmoidal, with the steepest portion in the middle. Biologically based models using dose are preferred over the use of log(dose) because the latter can visually imply a threshold dose when in fact there is none.

text: The first point along the graph where a response above zero (or above the control response) is reached is usually referred to as a threshold-dose. For most beneficial or recreational drugs, the desired effects are found at doses slightly greater than the threshold dose. At higher doses, undesired side effects appear and grow stronger as the dose increases. The more potent a particular substance is, the steeper this curve will be. In quantitative situations, the Y-axis often is designated by percentages, which refer to the percentage of exposed individuals registering a standard response (which may be death, as in LD50). Such a curve is referred to as a quantal dose-response curve, distinguishing it from a graded dose-response curve, where response is continuous (either measured, or by judgment).

text: A commonly used dose-response curve is the EC50 curve, the half maximal effective concentration, where the EC50 point is defined as the inflection point of the curve.

text: Statistical analysis of dose-response curves may be performed by regression methods such as the probit model or logit model, or other methods such as the Spearman-Karber method.[5] Empirical models based on nonlinear regression are usually preferred over the use of some transformation of the data that linearizes the dose-response relationship.[6]

text: Dose–response curves are generally sigmoidal and monophasic and can be fit to a classical Hill equation. A generalized model for multiphasic cases has also been suggested.[7]

text: Problems with linear model[edit]

text: The concept of linear dose-response relationship, thresholds, and all-or-nothing responses may not apply to non-linear situations. A threshold model or linear no-threshold model may be more appropriate, depending on the circumstances. A recent critique of these models as they apply to endocrine disruptors argues for a substantial revision of testing and toxicological models at low doses.[8]


document_title: My Last Duchess

question_text: who is the duke speaking to in the poem my last duchess

text: My Last Duchess

text: Historical background[edit]

text: The poem is preceded by "Ferrara:", indicating that the speaker is most likely Alfonso II d'Este, the fifth Duke of Ferrara (1533–1598), who, at the age of 25, married Lucrezia di Cosimo de' Medici, the 14-year-old daughter of Cosimo I de' Medici, Grand Duke of Tuscany, and Eleonora di Toledo.

text: Lucrezia was not well educated, and the Medicis could be considered "nouveau riche" in comparison to the venerable and distinguished Este family (Alfonso II d'Este's remark regarding his gift of a "nine-hundred-years-old name" clearly indicates that he considered his bride beneath him socially). She came with a sizeable dowry, and the couple married in 1558. He then abandoned her for two years before she died on 21 April 1561, at age 17. There was a strong suspicion of poisoning.[citation needed] The Duke then sought the hand of Barbara, eighth daughter of the Holy Roman Emperor Ferdinand I and Anna of Bohemia and Hungary and the sister of the Count of Tyrol, Ferdinand II.[2] The count was in charge of arranging the marriage; the chief of his entourage, Nikolaus Madruz, a native of Innsbruck, was his courier. Madruz is presumably the listener in the poem.

text: The other characters named in the poem - painter Frà Pandolf and sculptor, Claus of Innsbruck - are fictional.

text: Story[edit]

text: The poem is set during the late Italian Renaissance. The speaker (presumably the Duke of Ferrara) is giving the emissary of the family of his prospective new wife (presumably a third or fourth since Browning could have easily written 'second' but did not do so) a tour of the artworks in his home. He draws a curtain to reveal a painting of a woman, explaining that it is a portrait of his late wife; he invites his guest to sit and look at the painting. As they look at the portrait of the late Duchess, the Duke describes her happy, cheerful and flirtatious nature, which had displeased him. He says, "She had a heart – how shall I say? – too soon made glad..."  He goes on to say that his complaint of her was that "'twas not her husband's presence only" that made her happy. Eventually, "I gave commands; then all smiles stopped together." This could be interpreted as either the Duke had given commands to the Duchess to stop smiling or commands for her to be killed. He now keeps her painting hidden behind a curtain that only he is allowed to draw back, meaning that now she only smiles for him.

text: In 'My Last Duchess' the Duke of Ferrara is addressing the envoy of the Count of Tyrol. Although he is on his best behaviour, the Duke of Ferrara demonstrates many sociopathic tendencies as he recalls the time he shared with his now-deceased Duchess.  Even in death the Duke wished to hide her away behind the curtain where no other man could admire her beauty. The Duke then resumes an earlier conversation regarding wedding arrangements, and in passing points out another work of art, a bronze statue of Neptune taming a sea-horse by Claus of Innsbruck, so making his late wife but just another work of art.

text: In an interview, Browning said, "I meant that the commands were that she should be put to death ... Or he might have had her shut up in a convent."[3]

text: Modern adaptations[edit]

text:
The 20th century American poet Richard Howard wrote a sequel to the poem, "Nikolaus Mardruz  [sic] to his Master Ferdinand, Count of Tyrol, 1565", in the form of a letter from the listener in Browning's original that details his response to the Duke's monologue.[4]
Science fiction author Eric Flint uses portions of "My Last Duchess" in his book 1634: The Galileo Affair (2004).[citation needed]
Canadian author Margaret Atwood's short story "My Last Duchess" appears in her short story anthology Moral Disorder (2006). It is about two high school students who study the poem and argue about its meaning.[citation needed]
South African author Judy Croome based the main character Rax-ul-Can in her apocalyptic short story "The Last Sacrifice" (published in "The Weight of a Feather and Other Stories", Aztar Press, 2013) on the Duke in Browning's "My Last Duchess".[5]
In "The Painter", a song by Chris de Burgh, the lyrics also take the Duke's point of view, but show a less stable mindset than the original poem.[6]

text: Notes[edit]

text:
Jump up ^ Philip V. Allingham. "Applying Modern Critical Theory to Robert Browning's "My Last Duchess"". Retrieved 16 December 2009., Note 16-C

Jump up ^ Robert Browning, John Woolford, Daniel Karlin (1991) The Poems of Browning: 1841–1846, Pearson Education 518 pages. (ISBN 9780582063990), p. 157

Jump up ^ Harmon, William, and C. Hugh Holman. A Handbook to Literature. 8th edn. Upper Saddle River, NJ: Prentice Hall, 1999.

Jump up ^ Text of "Nikolaus Mardruz to his Master Ferdinand, Count of Tyrol, 1565" by Richard Howard at Poets.org

Jump up ^ | Morsels and Juices | In Foucus: Author Judy Croome | May 2014

Jump up ^ | Spanish Train and Other Stories| Chris De Burg | 1975

tag: ol


document_title: AP Poll

question_text: when does the updated ap poll come out

question_tokens: when does the updated ap poll come out

text: AP Poll

text: College football[edit]

text: The football poll is released Sundays at 2pm Eastern time during the football season, unless ranked teams have not finished their games.

text: History[edit]

text: The AP college football poll has a long history.  The news media began running their own polls of sports writers to determine who was, by popular opinion, the best football team in the country at the end of the season. One of the earliest such polls was the AP College Football Poll, first run in 1934.[3] In 1935, AP sports editor Alan J. Gould declared a three way tie for national champion in football between Minnesota, Princeton, and Southern Methodist. Minnesota fans protested, and a number of Gould's colleagues led by Charles "Cy" Sherman suggested he create a poll of sports editors instead of only using his own list, and the next year the poll was born.[4] It has run continuously from 1936.[5]

text: Due to the long-standing historical ties between individual college football conferences and high-paying bowl games like the Rose Bowl and Orange Bowl, the NCAA had not held a tournament or championship game to determine the champion of what is now the highest division, NCAA Division I, Football Bowl Subdivision (the Division I, Football Championship Subdivision and lower divisions do hold championship tournaments).  As a result, the public and the media began to acknowledge the leading vote-getter in the final AP Poll as the national champion for that season.

text: While the AP Poll currently lists the Top 25 teams in the nation, from 1936 to 1961 the wire service only ranked 20 teams. From 1962 to 1967 only 10 teams were recognized. From 1968 to 1988, the AP again resumed its Top 20 before expanding to the current 25 teams in 1989.

text: The AP began conducting a preseason poll starting in 1950.[6][7]

text: At the end of the 1947 season the AP released an unofficial post-bowl poll which differed from the regular season final poll.[8] Until the 1968 college football season, the final AP poll of the season was released following the end of the regular season, with the lone exception of the 1965 season. In 1964, Alabama was named the national champion in the final AP Poll following the completion of the regular season, but lost in the Orange Bowl to Texas, leaving Arkansas as the only undefeated, untied team after the Razorbacks defeated Nebraska in the Cotton Bowl Classic. In 1965, the AP's decision to wait to crown its champion paid handsomely, as top-ranked Michigan State lost to UCLA in the Rose Bowl, number two Arkansas lost to LSU in the Cotton Bowl Classic, and fourth-ranked Alabama defeated third-ranked Nebraska in the Orange Bowl, vaulting the Crimson Tide to the top of the AP's final poll (Michigan State was named national champion in the final UPI Coaches Poll, which did not conduct a post-bowl poll).

text: Beginning in the 1968 season, the post bowl game poll became permanent and the AP championship reflected the bowl game results. The UPI did not follow suit with the coaches' poll until the 1974 season.

text: No. 1 vs. No. 2[edit]

text: As of the completion of the 2015 season the number one ranked team has faced the number two ranked team 50 times since the inception of the AP Poll in 1936.[9] The number one team has a record of 28–20–2 against the number two team.[9]

text:
No. 1 vs. No. 2 games

Light blue indicates bowl game

Season
No. 1
Result
No. 2
Site
Event

1943
Notre Dame
35–12
Michigan
Michigan Stadium • Ann Arbor, MI
1943 Michigan–Notre Dame football rivalry game

1943
Notre Dame
14–13
Iowa Pre-Flight
Notre Dame Stadium • Notre Dame, IN

1944
Army
23–7
Navy
Baltimore Stadium • Baltimore, MD
1944 Army–Navy Game

1945
Army
48–0
Notre Dame
Yankee Stadium • New York, NY
1945 Army–Notre Dame football rivalry game

1945
Army
32-13
Navy
Philadelphia Municipal Stadium • Philadelphia, PA
1945 Army–Navy Game

1946
Army
0–0
Notre Dame
Yankee Stadium • New York, NY
1946 Army vs. Notre Dame football game

1962
USC
42–37
Wisconsin
Rose Bowl Stadium • Pasadena, CA
1963 Rose Bowl

1963
Oklahoma
7–28
Texas
Cotton Bowl • Dallas, TX
1963 Red River Shootout game

1963
Texas
28–6
Navy
Cotton Bowl • Dallas, TX
1964 Cotton Bowl Classic

1966
Notre Dame
10–10
Michigan State
Spartan Stadium • East Lansing, MI
1966 Notre Dame vs. Michigan State football game

1968
Purdue
37–22
Notre Dame
Notre Dame Stadium • Notre Dame, IN
1968 Shillelagh Trophy game

1968
Ohio State
27–16
USC
Rose Bowl Stadium • Pasadena, CA
1969 Rose Bowl

1969
Texas
15–14
Arkansas
Razorback Stadium • Fayetteville, AR
1969 Texas vs. Arkansas football game

1971
Nebraska
35–31
Oklahoma
Oklahoma Memorial Stadium •  Norman, OK
1971 Nebraska vs. Oklahoma football game

1971
Nebraska
38–6
Alabama
Miami Orange Bowl • Miami, FL
1972 Orange Bowl

1978
Penn State
7–14
Alabama
Louisiana Superdome • New Orleans, LA
1979 Sugar Bowl

1981
USC
28–24
Oklahoma
Los Angeles Coliseum • Los Angeles

1982
Georgia
23–27
Penn State
Louisiana Superdome • New Orleans, LA
1983 Sugar Bowl

1985
Iowa
12–10
Michigan
Kinnick Stadium • Iowa City, IA

1986
Oklahoma
16–28
Miami
Miami Orange Bowl • Miami, FL

1986
Miami
10–14
Penn State
Sun Devil Stadium • Tempe, AZ
1987 Fiesta Bowl

1987
Nebraska
7–17
Oklahoma
Memorial Stadium • Lincoln, NE
1987 Nebraska–Oklahoma football rivalry game

1987
Oklahoma
14–20
Miami
Miami Orange Bowl • Miami, FL
1988 Orange Bowl

1988
Notre Dame
27–10
USC
Los Angeles Coliseum • Los Angeles
1988 Jeweled Shillelagh game

1989
Notre Dame
24–19
Michigan
Michigan Stadium • Ann Arbor, MI
1989 Michigan–Notre Dame football rivalry game

1991
Florida State
16–17
Miami
Doak Campbell Stadium • Tallahassee, FL
1991 Miami vs. Florida State football game

1992
Miami
13–34
Alabama
Louisiana Superdome • New Orleans, LA
1993 Sugar Bowl

1993
Florida State
24–31
Notre Dame
Notre Dame Stadium • Notre Dame, IN
1993 Florida State vs. Notre Dame football game

1993
Florida State
18–16
Nebraska
Miami Orange Bowl • Miami, FL
1994 Orange Bowl

1995
Nebraska
62–24
Florida
Sun Devil Stadium • Tempe, AZ
1996 Fiesta Bowl

1996
Florida
21–24
Florida State
Doak Campbell Stadium • Tallahassee, FL
1996 Florida–Florida State football rivalry game

1998
Tennessee
23–16
Florida State
Sun Devil Stadium • Tempe, AZ
1999 Fiesta Bowl

1999
Florida State
46–29
Virginia Tech
Louisiana Superdome • New Orleans, LA
2000 Sugar Bowl

2002
Miami
24–31 2OT
Ohio State
Sun Devil Stadium • Tempe, AZ
2003 Fiesta Bowl

2004
USC
55–19
Oklahoma
Pro Player Stadium • Miami Gardens, FL
2005 Orange Bowl

2005
USC
38–41
Texas
Rose Bowl Stadium • Pasadena, CA
2006 Rose Bowl

2006
Ohio State
24–7
Texas
Darrell K Royal – Texas Memorial Stadium • Austin, TX

2006
Ohio State
42–39
Michigan
Ohio Stadium • Columbus, OH
2006 Michigan vs. Ohio State football game

2006
Ohio State
14–41
Florida
University of Phoenix Stadium • Glendale, AZ
2007 BCS National Championship Game

2007
Ohio State
24–38
LSU
Louisiana Superdome • New Orleans, LA
2008 BCS National Championship Game

2008
Alabama
20–31
Florida
Georgia Dome • Atlanta, GA
2008 SEC Championship Game

2008
Florida
24–14
Oklahoma
Sun Life Stadium • Miami Gardens, FL
2009 BCS National Championship Game

2009
Florida
13–32
Alabama
Georgia Dome • Atlanta, GA
2009 SEC Championship Game

2009
Alabama
37–21
Texas
Rose Bowl Stadium • Pasadena, CA
2010 BCS National Championship Game

2010
Auburn
22–19
Oregon
University of Phoenix Stadium • Glendale, AZ
2011 BCS National Championship Game

2011
LSU
9–6 OT
Alabama
Bryant–Denny Stadium • Tuscaloosa, AL
2011 LSU vs. Alabama football game

2011
LSU
0–21
Alabama
Mercedes-Benz Superdome • New Orleans, LA
2012 BCS National Championship Game

2012
Notre Dame
14–42
Alabama
Sun Life Stadium • Miami Gardens, FL
2013 BCS National Championship Game

2013
Florida State
34–31
Auburn
Rose Bowl · Pasadena, CA
2014 BCS National Championship Game

2015
Clemson
40–45
Alabama
University of Phoenix Stadium · Glendale, AZ
2016 College Football Playoff National Championship

text: AP Poll inclusion in the BCS[edit]

text: In 1997, the Bowl Championship Series (BCS) was developed to try to unify the poll results by picking two teams for a "real" national championship game. For the first several years the AP Poll factored in the determination of the BCS rankings, along with other factors including the Coaches Poll and computer-based polls. Because of a series of controversies surrounding the BCS, the AP demanded in December, 2004, that its poll no longer be used in the BCS rankings,[10] and so the 2004–2005 season was the last season that the AP Poll was used for this purpose.

text: In the 2003 season the BCS system broke down when the final BCS standings ranked the University of Southern California (USC) at No. 3 while the two human polls in the system had ranked USC at No. 1. As a result, USC did not play in the BCS' designated national championship game. After defeating another highly ranked team, Michigan, in its final game, the AP Poll kept USC at No. 1 while the Coaches Poll was contractually obligated to select the winner of the BCS game, Louisiana State University (LSU), as the No. 1 team.  The resulting split national title was the very problem that the BCS was created to solve, and has been widely considered an embarrassment.[11]

text: In 2004, a new controversy erupted at the end of the season when Auburn and Utah, who both finished the regular season 12–0, were left out of the BCS title game in favor of Oklahoma who also was 12–0 and had won decisively over Colorado in the Big 12 Championship game. USC went on to a win easily over Oklahoma in the Orange Bowl while Auburn and Utah both won their bowl games, leaving three undefeated teams at the end of the season.  Also, in that same year, Texas made up late ground on California (Cal) in the BCS standings and as a result grabbed a high-payout, at-large spot in the Rose Bowl.  Previous to that poll, Cal had been ranked ahead of Texas in both human polls and the BCS poll. Going into their final game, the Golden Bears were made aware that while margin of victory did not affect computer rankings, it did affect human polls and just eight voters changing their vote could affect the final standings.[12]  Both teams won their game that week, but the Texas coach, Mack Brown, had made a public effort to lobby for his team to be moved higher in the ranking.  When the human polls were released, Texas remained behind Cal, but it had closed the gap enough so that the BCS poll (which determines placement) placed Texas above Cal, angering both Cal and its conference, the Pac-10.[13] The final poll positions had been unchanged with Cal at No. 4 AP, No. 4 coaches, and No. 6 computers polls and Texas at No. 6 AP, No. 5 coaches, and No. 4 computer polls.[13]  The AP Poll voters were caught in the middle because their vote changes were automatically made public, while the votes of the Coaches poll were kept confidential.  Although there had been a more substantial shift in the votes of the Coaches Poll, the only clear targets for the ire of fanatical fans were the voters in the AP Poll.  While officials from both Cal and the Pac-10 called for the coaches' votes to be made public, the overtures were turned down and did little to solve the problem of AP voters. Cal went on to lose to Texas Tech in the Holiday Bowl.  Texas defeated Michigan in the Rose Bowl.

text: Many members of the press who voted in the AP Poll were upset by the controversy and, at the behest of its members, the AP asked that its poll no longer be used in the BCS rankings. The 2004 season was the last season that the AP Poll was used in the BCS rankings, it was replaced in the BCS equation by the newly created Harris Interactive College Football Poll.[14]

text: Final AP football polls[edit]

text: Other media football polls[edit]

text: The AP Poll is not the only college football poll. The other major poll is the Coaches Poll, which has been sponsored by several organizations: the United Press (1950–1957), the United Press International (1958–1990), USA Today (1991–present), CNN (1991–1996), and ESPN (1997–2005). Having two major polls has led to numerous "split" national titles, where the two polls disagreed on the No. 1 team. This has occurred on eleven different occasions (1954, 1957, 1965, 1970, 1973, 1974, 1978, 1990, 1991, 1997, 2003).

text: College basketball[edit]

text: In Division I men's and women's college basketball, the AP Poll is largely just a tool to compare schools throughout the season and spark debate, as it has no bearing on postseason play. Generally, all top 25 teams in the poll are invited to the men's and women's NCAA basketball tournament, also known as March Madness. The poll is usually released every Monday and voters' ballots are made public.[15]

text: Men's basketball[edit]

text: The AP began compiling a ranking of the top 20 college men's basketball teams during the 1948–1949 season. It has issued this poll continuously since the 1950–1951 season. As of January 2018, UCLA and Duke are tied for the most appearances atop the rankings at 134 times.[16]

text: Women's basketball[edit]

text: The women's basketball poll began during the 1976–1977 season, and was initially compiled by Mel Greenberg and published by The Philadelphia Inquirer. At first, it was a poll of coaches conducted via telephone, where coaches identified top teams and a list of the Top 20 team was produced. The initial list of coaches did not include Pat Summitt, who asked to join the group, not to improve her rankings, but because of the lack of media coverage, Summitt believed it would be a good way to stay on top of who the top teams were outside of her own schedule.[17] The contributors continued to be coaches until 1994, when the AP took over administration of the poll from Greenberg, and switched to a panel of writers.[18] In 1994, Tennessee started out as No. 1 in the polls with Connecticut at No. 4. After losses by the No. 2 and No. 3 teams, Tennessee and Connecticut were ranked No. 1 and No. 2, headed into a showdown, scheduled as a special event on Martin Luther King day, the only women's basketball game scheduled on that day. Because of the unusual circumstances, the decision was made to hold off the AP voting for one day, to ensure it would be after the game. Connecticut won the game, and moved into first place in the AP poll, published on Tuesday for the only time. (Connecticut went on to complete an undefeated season.)[19] Over the history of the poll, over 255 coaches have had a team represented in polls.[20]

text: NFL football[edit]

text: Beginning in 2012, the AP began issuing a weekly pro football ranking, the AP Pro32 rankings.[21]