document_title: List of Academy Award records

question_text: who's won the most oscars in history

question_tokens: who 's won the most oscars in history

root

text: List of Academy Award records

text: Most awards[edit]

text:
Most awards won by a single film
Three films have won 11 Academy Awards:
Ben-Hur (1959) – 15 categories available for nomination; nominated for 12
Titanic (1997) – 17 categories available for nomination; nominated for 14
The Lord of the Rings: The Return of the King (2003) – 17 categories available for nomination; nominated for 11
Most nominations received by a single film
Three films have received 14 nominations:
All About Eve (1950) – 16 categories available for nomination; won 6 awards
Titanic (1997) – 17 categories available for nomination; won 11 awards
La La Land (2016) – 17 categories available for nomination; won 6 awards
Largest sweep (winning awards in every nominated category)
The Lord of the Rings: The Return of the King (2003) won all 11 categories for which it was nominated: Best Picture, Director, Adapted Screenplay, Original Score, Original Song, Sound Mixing, Art Direction, Makeup, Costume Design, Film Editing, and Visual Effects
Most awards won by an individual
Walt Disney won 22 Oscars.
Most awards won by a woman
Edith Head won eight Oscars, all for Costume Design
Most nominations in a single year / Most awards in a single year
In 1954, Walt Disney won four awards out of six nominations, both records. He won Best Documentary, Features for The Living Desert; Best Documentary, Short Subjects for The Alaskan Eskimo; Best Short Subject, Cartoons for Toot Whistle Plunk and Boom; and Best Short Subject, Two-reel for Bear Country. He had two additional nominations in Best Short Subject, Cartoons for Rugged Bear; and Best Short Subject, Two-reel for Ben and Me.
Most awards won by a person who is still living
Visual Effects Supervisor Dennis Muren has won nine Academy Awards – six competitive awards, two "Special Achievement" awards, and one "Technical Achievement" award
Most competitive awards won by a person who is still living
Composer Alan Menken has won eight competitive Academy Awards
Acting
Katharine Hepburn won four awards, all for Best Actress
Directing
John Ford won the most directing awards, with four
Cinematography
The highest number of Academy Awards won by a cinematographer is four:
Joseph Ruttenberg, in 1938, 1942, 1956, and 1958
Leon Shamroy, in 1942, 1944, 1945, and 1963
Art Direction
Cedric Gibbons, who designed the Oscar statuette, won 11 awards out of a total of 39 nominations.[1]
Makeup
Rick Baker won seven Academy Awards (all for Best Makeup)
Most awards won by a country for Best Foreign Language Film
Italy won 14 awards in this category and received, in total, 32 nominations
Most nominations received by a country for Best Foreign Language Film
France received 40 nominations and won the award 12 times
Most awards won by a foreign-language film
Two foreign-language films have won four Academy Awards:
Fanny and Alexander (1982) won Best Foreign Language Film, Best Cinematography, Best Art Direction, and Best Costume Design
Crouching Tiger, Hidden Dragon (2000) won Best Foreign Language Film, Best Art Direction, Best Original Score, and Best Cinematography
Most nominations received by a foreign-language film
Crouching Tiger, Hidden Dragon (2000) received ten nominations: Best Foreign Language Film, Best Picture, Best Director, Best Adapted Screenplay, Best Original Song, Best Costume Design, Best Art Direction, Best Film Editing, Best Original Score, and Best Cinematography

tag: ul

text: Awards for debut acting or directing performances on film[edit]

text: The following individuals won Academy Awards for their film debut acting performances:

tag: p

text:
Best Actor
None
Best Actress
Shirley Booth (Come Back, Little Sheba, 1952)
Julie Andrews (Mary Poppins, 1964)
Barbra Streisand (Funny Girl, 1968)
Marlee Matlin (Children of a Lesser God, 1986)
Best Supporting Actor
Harold Russell (The Best Years of Our Lives, 1946)
Timothy Hutton (Ordinary People, 1980)
Haing S. Ngor (The Killing Fields, 1984)
Best Supporting Actress
Gale Sondergaard (Anthony Adverse, 1936)
Katina Paxinou (For Whom the Bell Tolls, 1943)
Mercedes McCambridge (All the King's Men, 1949)
Eva Marie Saint (On the Waterfront, 1954)
Jo Van Fleet (East of Eden, 1955)
Tatum O'Neal (Paper Moon, 1973)
Anna Paquin (The Piano, 1993)
Jennifer Hudson (Dreamgirls, 2006)
Lupita Nyong'o (12 Years a Slave, 2013) [2][3][4]
Academy Juvenile Award
Claude Jarman Jr. (The Yearling, 1946)
Vincent Winter (The Little Kidnappers, 1954) [2][3][5]

text: The following individuals won Academy Awards for their film debut direction.

text:
Best Director
Delbert Mann (Marty, 1955)
Jerome Robbins (West Side Story, 1961)
Robert Redford (Ordinary People, 1980)
James L. Brooks (Terms of Endearment, 1983)
Kevin Costner (Dances with Wolves, 1990)
Sam Mendes (American Beauty, 1999) [2][3][6]

text: Big Five winners[edit]

text: Three films have received the Big Five Academy Awards: Best Picture, Director, Actor, Actress, and Screenplay (Original or Adapted).[7][8][9]

text:
It Happened One Night (1934)
One Flew Over the Cuckoo's Nest (1975)
The Silence of the Lambs (1991)

text: Most consecutive awards[edit]

text:
Any awards
Walt Disney was awarded a record of 10 awards in the eight consecutive years from 1931/32 through 1939. Eight (listed below) are for Short Subject (Cartoon), and two were Special Awards: one for the creation of Mickey Mouse, and one recognizing the innovation of Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs.
Best Actress
Two actresses have won two consecutive awards:
Luise Rainer (The Great Ziegfeld, 1936 and The Good Earth, 1937)
Katharine Hepburn (Guess Who's Coming to Dinner, 1967 and The Lion in Winter, 1968)
Best Actor
Two actors have won two consecutive awards:
Spencer Tracy – Captains Courageous (1937) and Boys Town (1938)
Tom Hanks – Philadelphia (1993) and Forrest Gump (1994) [7][10]
Best Director
Three directors have won two consecutive awards:
John Ford – The Grapes of Wrath (1940) and How Green Was My Valley (1941)
Joseph L. Mankiewicz – A Letter to Three Wives (1949) and All About Eve (1950) [7][11]
Alejandro G. Iñárritu – Birdman or (The Unexpected Virtue of Ignorance) (2014) and The Revenant (2015)
Best Supporting Actor
Jason Robards won two consecutive awards for All the President's Men in 1976 and Julia in 1977[12][13]
Best Supporting Actress
No consecutive winner for Best Supporting Actress
Best Picture
David O. Selznick produced two consecutive Best Picture winners Gone with the Wind in 1939 and Rebecca in 1940. (He himself was not awarded the Oscars as at the time the statuette went to the studio instead of the producer.)
Best Original Screenplay
No consecutive winner for Best Original Screenplay
Best Adapted Screenplay
Joseph L. Mankiewicz won two consecutive adapted screenplay awards for A Letter to Three Wives in 1949 and All About Eve in 1950
Robert Bolt won for Doctor Zhivago in 1965 and A Man for All Seasons in 1966
Best Cinematography
Emmanuel Lubezki has won three consecutive awards for Gravity in 2013, Birdman or (The Unexpected Virtue of Ignorance) in 2014 and The Revenant in 2015
Best Art Direction
Thomas Little won three consecutive awards for Best Art Direction, Black and White, for the films How Green Was My Valley in 1941, This Above All in 1942, and The Song of Bernadette in 1943. Little also won an Oscar the next year in 1944 for Best Art Direction, Color for the film Wilson.
Best Film Editing
Angus Wall and Kirk Baxter won for The Social Network in 2010 and The Girl with the Dragon Tattoo in 2011
Best Original Score
Roger Edens won three consecutive awards for composing the scores for Easter Parade (1948), On the Town (1949), and Annie Get Your Gun (1950)
Best Original Song
Three composers have won two consecutive awards for best original song, but under different award names:
Henry Mancini (music) and Johnny Mercer (lyrics) shared the awards for Best Music (Song) for "Moon River" from Breakfast at Tiffany's in 1961 and "Days of Wine and Roses" from Days of Wine and Roses in 1962
Alan Menken (music) won twice consecutively for Best Music (Original Song) for "Beauty and the Beast" from Beauty and the Beast (lyrics by Howard Ashman) in 1991 and "A Whole New World" from Aladdin (lyrics by Tim Rice) in 1992
Best Visual Effects
Jim Rygiel and Randall William Cook won 3 consecutive visual effects Oscars for The Lord of the Rings: The Fellowship of the Ring, The Lord of the Rings: The Two Towers, and The Lord of the Rings: The Return of the King in 2001, 2002, and 2003 respectively.
Best Sound Mixing
Thomas Moulton won three consecutive awards for The Snake Pit in 1948, Twelve O'Clock High in 1949, and All About Eve in 1950.
Best Costume Design
Edith Head won three consecutive awards for The Heiress in 1949, All About Eve in 1950, and A Place in the Sun in 1951.
Best Short Subject (Cartoon)
Walt Disney won eight consecutive awards for Flowers and Trees in 1931/32, Three Little Pigs in 1932/33, The Tortoise and the Hare in 1934, Three Orphan Kittens in 1935, The Country Cousin in 1936, The Old Mill in 1937, Ferdinand the Bull in 1938, and The Ugly Duckling in 1939
Best Short Subject (Two-Reel)
Walt Disney won four consecutive awards for In Beaver Valley in 1950, Nature's Half Acre in 1951, Water Birds in 1952, and Bear Country in 1953
Best Documentary (Feature)
Walt Disney won two consecutive awards for The Living Desert in 1953 and The Vanishing Prairie in 1954

text: Academy Award firsts[edit]

text:
First woman to win Best Picture
Julia Phillips for The Sting (1973)
First woman to win Best Director
Kathryn Bigelow for The Hurt Locker (2009)
First woman to win Best Animated Feature
Brenda Chapman for Brave (2012)
First woman to receive an Honorary Award
6 year old Shirley Temple received a Special Award in 1934
Greta Garbo received an Honorary Award in 1954
First foreign-language film to be nominated for Best Picture
Grand Illusion (1937), in French
First science fiction film to be nominated for Best Picture
A Clockwork Orange (1971)
First horror film to be nominated for Best Picture
The Exorcist (1973)
First animated film to be nominated for Best Picture
Beauty and the Beast (1991)
First fantasy film to win Best Picture
The Lord of the Rings: The Return of the King (2003)
First 3-D films to be nominated for Best Picture
Avatar and Up (2009)
First film with an entirely non-white cast to win Best Picture
Slumdog Millionaire (2008)
First film with an all-black cast to win Best Picture
Moonlight (2016)
First science-fiction film to win Best Picture
The Shape of Water (2017)
First animated film to be nominated for Best Foreign Language Film
Waltz with Bashir (2008), representing Israel
First animated film to be nominated for Best Original Screenplay and for a Best Screenplay award in general
Toy Story (1995)
First animated film to be nominated for Best Adapted Screenplay
Shrek (2001)
First actress to be nominated for a performance in a 3-D film
Sandra Bullock for Gravity (2013)
First actor to be nominated for a performance in a 3-D film
Matt Damon for The Martian (2015)
First film to receive the most nominations of its year without receiving a Best Picture nomination
Dreamgirls (2006), with eight nominations
First X-rated film to win Best Picture
Midnight Cowboy (1969). It was also the first X-rated film to be nominated for Best Picture and the only one to date to have won it.
First actor to receive ten nominations for acting
Laurence Olivier received his tenth nomination (for Best Actor and Best Supporting Actor) for the film The Boys from Brazil (1978)
First actress to receive ten nominations for acting
Bette Davis received her tenth official nomination (all for Best Actress) for the film What Ever Happened to Baby Jane? (1962)
First actress to receive twenty nominations for acting
Meryl Streep received her twentieth nomination (for Best Actress and Best Supporting Actress) for the film Florence Foster Jenkins (2016)
First posthumous nomination for acting
Jeanne Eagels, nominated for Best Actress for The Letter (1929)
First posthumous nomination for a male actor
James Dean, nominated for Best Actor for East of Eden (1955)
First posthumous win for acting
Peter Finch won Best Actor for Network (1976)
First actress to be nominated for performing in a language other than English
Melina Mercouri was nominated for Best Actress for Never on Sunday (1960), performing in Greek
First actor to be nominated for performing in a language other than English
Marcello Mastroianni was nominated for Best Actor for Divorce, Italian Style (1962), performing in Italian
First actress to win for performing in a language other than English
Sophia Loren won Best Actress for Two Women (1961), performing in Italian
First actor to win for performing in a language other than English
Robert De Niro won Best Supporting Actor for The Godfather Part II (1974), performing in Italian
First actress to win for performing in a sign language
Marlee Matlin won Best Actress for Children of a Lesser God (1986), performing in American Sign Language
First French actress to be nominated for performing in the French language
Anouk Aimée was nominated for Best Actress for A Man and a Woman (1966)
First French actress to win for performing in the French language
Marion Cotillard won Best Actress for La Vie en rose (2007). She's the only one to date to have won it.
First Nordic actress to be nominated for acting
Greta Garbo (from Sweden) was nominated for Best Actress for Anna Christie (1930)
First Nordic actor to be nominated for acting
Max von Sydow (from Sweden) was nominated for Best Actor for Pelle the Conqueror (1988)
First Nordic actress to win for acting
Ingrid Bergman (from Sweden) won Best Actress for Gaslight (1944)
First actor from Africa to be nominated for acting
Basil Rathbone (from South Africa), nominated for Best Supporting Actor for Romeo and Juliet (1936)
First actress from Africa to win for acting
Charlize Theron (from South Africa), won Best Actress for Monster (2003)
First actress from Asia to win for acting
Miyoshi Umeki (from Japan), won Best Supporting Actress for Sayonara (1957)
First Asian (and non-Caucasian) to win Best Director
Ang Lee (from Taiwan) for Brokeback Mountain (2005)
First Australian actress to win Best Actress
Nicole Kidman for The Hours (2002) – Born in the U.S.
First Australian actor to win Best Actor
Peter Finch for Network (1976)
First French actress to win Best Actress
Claudette Colbert for It Happened One Night (1934)
First French actor to win Best Actor
Jean Dujardin for The Artist (2011)
First Italian actress to win Best Actress
Anna Magnani for The Rose Tattoo (1955)
First Italian actor to win Best Actor
Roberto Benigni for Life Is Beautiful (1998)
First German actress to win Best Actress
Luise Rainer for The Great Ziegfeld (1937)
First German actor to win Best Actor
Emil Jannings (born in Switzerland) for The Way of All Flesh (1927) and The Last Command (1928)
First Austrian actor to win twice for acting
Christoph Waltz won Best Supporting Actor for Inglorious Basterds (2009) and Django Unchained (2012)
First persons from India to win in any music category
A. R. Rahman won Best Original Score and Best Original Song ("Jai Ho") for Slumdog Millionaire (2008)
Gulzar also won Best Original Song ("Jai Ho") for Slumdog Millionaire (2008)
First Middle Eastern/North African actor to be nominated for acting
Omar Sharif, nominated for Best Supporting Actor for Lawrence of Arabia (1962)
First Middle Eastern movie to win Best Foreign Language Film
A Separation (2011), representing Iran
First foreign actress to be nominated twice for Best Actress for foreign-language films without the films receiving a Best Foreign Language Film nomination
Marion Cotillard (from France) won Best Actress for La Vie en Rose (2007) and was nominated for Two Days, One Night (2014)
First black filmmaker to win Best Picture
Steve McQueen won for producing 12 Years a Slave (2013)
First black filmmaker to be nominated for Best Director
John Singleton for Boyz n the Hood (1991)
First black actress to win for acting
Hattie McDaniel won Best Supporting Actress for Gone with the Wind (1939)
First black actor to win for acting
Sidney Poitier won Best Actor for Lilies of the Field (1963)
First black actress to win Best Actress
Halle Berry for Monster's Ball (2001)
First black actress to win for film acting debut
Jennifer Hudson won Best Supporting Actress for Dreamgirls (2006)
First year in which two black actors/actresses won for acting
74th Academy Awards (in 2002, for 2001): Denzel Washington won Best Actor for Training Day; Halle Berry won Best Actress for Monster's Ball
First black African actor to be nominated for acting
Djimon Hounsou (born in Benin, U.S.-Benin dual citizen), nominated for Best Supporting Actor for In America (2003)
First black writer to win for screenwriting
Geoffrey S. Fletcher won Best Adapted Screenplay for Precious: Based on the Novel "Push" by Sapphire (2009)
First African American to receive an Honorary Award
James Baskett received a Special Award for his portrayal of Uncle Remus in Song of the South (1946)
First Latin American director to win Best Director
Alfonso Cuarón from Mexico won for Gravity in 2014
First Latin American actress to be nominated for Best Actress
Fernanda Montenegro from Brazil was nominated for Best Actress for Central Station (1998)
First Latin American actor to win Best Actor
José Ferrer from Puerto Rico won for Cyrano de Bergerac in 1950
First Muslim actor to win in an acting category
Mahershala Ali for Moonlight in 2016
First child actor to receive an Academy Award nomination [14]
Jackie Cooper, age 9, was nominated for Best Actor for Skippy (1931)
First short film to win an Academy Award outside of the Short Film categories
The Red Balloon (1956) for Best Original Screenplay
First professional athlete to win an Academy Award
Kobe Bryant for Best Animated Short Film, Dear Basketball (2017)

text: Age-related records[edit]

text:
Youngest winner of an acting award
Tatum O'Neal, age 10 (Best Supporting Actress, Paper Moon, 1973)
Youngest nominee for an acting award
Justin Henry, age 8 (Best Supporting Actor, Kramer vs. Kramer, 1979)
Youngest female winner of a lead acting award
Marlee Matlin, age 21 (Best Actress, Children of a Lesser God, 1986)
Youngest male winner of a lead acting award
Adrien Brody, age 29 (Best Actor, The Pianist, 2002)
Youngest male nominee for a lead acting award
Jackie Cooper, age 9 (Best Actor, Skippy, 1931)
Youngest female nominee for a lead acting award
Quvenzhané Wallis, age 9 (Best Actress, Beasts of the Southern Wild, 2012) [15][16] (also first person born in the 21st century to be nominated for an Academy Award)
Youngest winner of an Oscar
Shirley Temple, age 6, who was awarded the inaugural (now retired) non-competitive Academy Juvenile Award in 1934
Youngest winner of Best Director
Damien Chazelle, age 32 (La La Land, 2016)
Youngest nominee for Best Director
John Singleton, age 24 (Boyz n the Hood, 1991)
Oldest winner of Best Director
Clint Eastwood, age 74 (Million Dollar Baby, 2004)
Oldest nominee for Best Director
John Huston, age 79 (Prizzi's Honor, 1985)
Oldest winner of an acting award
Christopher Plummer, age 82 (Best Supporting Actor, Beginners, 2011)
Oldest woman to win best Actress Award
Jessica Tandy, age 80 (Best Actress, Driving Miss Daisy, 1989)
Oldest man to win Best Actor Award
Henry Fonda, age 76 (Best Actor, On Golden Pond, 1981)
Oldest nominee for an acting award
Christopher Plummer, age 88 (Best Supporting Actor, All the Money in the World, 2017)
Oldest nominee for a lead acting award
Emmanuelle Riva, age 85 (Best Actress, Amour, 2012) [15][16]
Oldest competitive Oscar winner
James Ivory, age 89 (Best Adapted Screenplay, Call Me by Your Name, 2017).
Oldest competitive Oscar nominee
Agnès Varda, age 89 (Best Documentary, Faces Places, 2017)
Earliest-born Oscar winner by birth year
George Arliss, born 10 April 1868 (Academy Award for Best Actor, Disraeli, 1929)
Earliest-born Oscar nominee by birth year
May Robson, born 19 April 1858 (Academy Award for Best Actress, Lady for a Day, 1933)
Year where all four Acting winners had the oldest age average
1981 with a combined average age of 70.5 years old[17].
Henry Fonda (aged 77)
John Gielgud (also 77)
Katharine Hepburn (72)
Maureen Stapleton (56)
Year where all four Acting winners had the youngest age average
1980 with a combined average age of 29 years old.
Sissy Spacek (aged 31)
Robert De Niro (37)
Timothy Hutton (20)
Mary Steenburgen (28)
Youngest multiple nominees for an acting award (best actor or best supporting actor)

text:
Nomination

Name

Age

Film

Year

Date of Birth

Date of Nomination

2nd

Sal Mineo

7003805300000000000♠22 years, 17 days

Exodus

1960

January 10, 1939

January 27, 1961

3rd

Marlon Brando

7004109100000000000♠29 years, 318 days

Julius Caesar

1953

April 3, 1924

February 15, 1954

4th

Marlon Brando

7004112720000000000♠30 years, 315 days

On the Waterfront

1954

April 3, 1924

February 12, 1955

5th

Marlon Brando

7004123740000000000♠33 years, 321 days

Sayonara

1957

April 3, 1924

February 18, 1958

6th

Richard Burton

7004161690000000000♠44 years, 98 days

Anne of the Thousand Days

1969

November 10, 1925

February 16, 1970

7th

Jack Nicholson

7004171010000000000♠46 years, 300 days

Terms of Endearment

1983

April 22, 1937

February 16, 1984

8th

Jack Nicholson

7004178210000000000♠48 years, 289 days

Prizzi's Honor

1985

April 22, 1937

February 5, 1986

9th

Jack Nicholson

7004185630000000000♠50 years, 301 days

Ironweed

1987

April 22, 1937

February 17, 1988

10th

Jack Nicholson

7004203910000000000♠55 years, 302 days

A Few Good Men

1992

April 22, 1937

February 18, 1993

tag: table

text: Youngest multiple nominees for an acting award (best actress or best supporting actress)

text:
Nomination

Name

Age

Film

Year

Date of Birth

Date of Nomination

2nd

Angela Lansbury

7003740800000000000♠20 years, 103 days

The Picture of Dorian Gray

1945

October 16, 1925

January 27, 1946

3rd

Jennifer Lawrence

7003855500000000000♠23 years, 154 days

American Hustle

2013

August 15, 1990

January 16, 2014

4th

Jennifer Lawrence

7003928300000000000♠25 years, 152 days

Joy

2015

August 15, 1990

January 14, 2016

5th

Kate Winslet

7004114330000000000♠31 years, 110 days

Little Children

2006

October 5, 1975

January 23, 2007

6th

Kate Winslet

7004121630000000000♠33 years, 109 days

The Reader

2008

October 5, 1975

January 22, 2009

7th

Bette Davis

7004134530000000000♠36 years, 304 days

Mr. Skeffington

1944

April 5, 1908

February 3, 1945

8th

Meryl Streep

7004144830000000000♠39 years, 238 days

A Cry in the Dark

1988

June 22, 1949

February 15, 1989

9th

Meryl Streep

7004152110000000000♠41 years, 236 days

Postcards from the Edge

1990

June 22, 1949

February 13, 1991

10th

Meryl Streep

7004170370000000000♠46 years, 236 days

The Bridges of Madison County

1995

June 22, 1949

February 13, 1996

text: Film records[edit]

text:
Most nominations for a single film
Three films received 14 nominations:
All About Eve (1950)
Titanic (1997)
La La Land (2016)
Most Oscars without winning Best Picture
Cabaret won 8 awards (1972)
Most nominations without winning Best Picture
La La Land (2016) with 14 nominations
Most nominations without any wins
Two films received 11 nominations without winning any awards:
The Turning Point (1977)
The Color Purple (1985)
Most nominations without a Best Picture nomination
They Shoot Horses, Don't They? (1969) with 9 nominations
Most Oscars without a nomination for Best Picture
The Bad and the Beautiful (1952) with 5 wins
Fewest nominations for a Best Picture winner
Grand Hotel (1932) received only  the Best Picture nomination.
Nominations in the most different technical categories
Five films have been nominated in all 7 technical categories (Cinematography, Costume Design, Film Editing, Production Design/Art Direction, Sound Editing, Sound Mixing, and Visual Effects):
Titanic (1997)
Master and Commander: The Far Side of the World (2003)
Hugo (2011)
Mad Max: Fury Road (2015)
The Revenant (2015)
Most nominations without a major nomination (Picture, Director, Acting and Screenplay)
Pepe (1960) received 7 nominations with no major nominations.
These 6 films got 6 nominations with no major nominations:
The Rains Came (1939)
Hans Christian Andersen (1952)
It's a Mad, Mad, Mad, Mad World (1963)
Empire of the Sun (1987)
Who Framed Roger Rabbit (1988) (note: received 7 nominations when you include a "special achievement")
Terminator 2: Judgment Day (1991)
Best picture nominees that won every nomination except Best Picture
These 14 films were nominated for Best Picture and won in every category they were nominated for except Best Picture:
Bad Girl (1931), 2/3
The Private Life of Henry VIII (1932), 1/2
Naughty Marietta (1935), 1/2
The Story of Louis Pasteur (1936), 3/4
The Adventures of Robin Hood (1938), 3/4
Miracle on 34th Street (1947), 3/4
The Treasure of the Sierra Madre (1948), 3/4
A Letter to Three Wives (1949), 2/3
King Solomon's Mines (1950), 2/3
Three Coins in the Fountain (1954), 2/3
Jaws (1975), 3/4
Traffic (2000), 4/5
The Blind Side (2009), 1/2
Selma (2014), 1/2
Films nominated for Best Picture with no other major nominations
These 28 films were nominated for Best Picture but had no other major nominations (this does not include films that were only nominated for Best Picture and nothing else):
Wings (1927), 2 nominations (winner)
42nd Street (1933), 2 nominations
A Farewell to Arms (1933), 4 nominations
Cleopatra (1934), 5 nominations
Flirtation Walk (1934), 2 nominations
The Gay Divorcee (1934), 5 nominations
Imitation of Life (1934), 3 nominations
The White Parade (1934), 2 nominations
David Copperfield (1935), 3 nominations
Les Misérables (1935), 4 nominations
A Midsummer Night's Dream (1935), 4 nominations (note: really had 2, but 2 more were write in noms)
Naughty Marietta (1935), 2 nominations
Top Hat (1935), 4 nominations
A Tale of Two Cities (1936), 2 nominations
The Adventures of Robin Hood (1938), 4 nominations
Of Mice and Men (1939), 4 nominations
The Wizard of Oz (1939), 6 nominations
King Solomon's Mines (1950), 3 nominations
Decision Before Dawn (1951), 2 nominations
Three Coins in the Fountain (1954), 3 nominations
The Music Man (1962), 6 nominations
Doctor Dolittle (1967), 9 nominations
Hello, Dolly! (1969), 7 nominations
Jaws (1975), 4 nominations
Beauty and the Beast (1991), 6 nominations
The Lord of the Rings: The Two Towers (2002), 6 nominations
War Horse (2011), 6 nominations
Selma (2014), 2 nominations
Stories made into multiple Best Picture nominees
6 sets of Best Picture nominees share either original source material or were revised versions of the same story (* =winner):
Cleopatra (1934), Cleopatra (1963)
Mutiny on the Bounty (1935)*, Mutiny on the Bounty (1962)
Romeo and Juliet (1936), West Side Story (1960)*, Romeo and Juliet (1968). (The plot of another Best Picture winner, Shakespeare in Love, revolves around the original production of Romeo and Juliet)
Les Misérables (1935), Les Misérables (2012)
Pygmalion (1938), My Fair Lady (1964)*
Here Comes Mr. Jordan (1941), Heaven Can Wait (1978)
First Best Picture produced wholly by non-Americans
Hamlet (1948), United Kingdom
First Best Picture produced wholly by non-Americans or non-British
The Artist (2011), France
Most wins by a film produced wholly or partially by non-Americans
The Last Emperor (1987), Italy/Hong Kong/United Kingdom
Most nominations for a film produced wholly or partially by non-Americans
Two non-American films have received 13 nominations:
Shakespeare in Love (1998), United Kingdom/United States
The Lord of the Rings: The Fellowship of the Ring (2001), New Zealand/United States
Best Picture with no female speaking roles
Lawrence of Arabia (1962)

text: Acting records[edit]

text:
Most awards for leading actress
Katharine Hepburn with 4 awards (1933, 1967, 1968*, 1981) (*Hepburn tied with Barbra Streisand in 1968.)
Most awards for leading actor
Daniel Day-Lewis with 3 awards (1989, 2007, 2012)
Most awards for supporting actor
Walter Brennan with 3 awards (1936, 1938, 1940)
Most consecutive leading actress nominations
Two actresses have been nominated 5 years in a row:
Bette Davis (1938–1942)
Greer Garson (1941–1945)
Most consecutive leading actor nominations
Marlon Brando with four nominations (1951 to 1954)
Actress with most total nominations for acting
Meryl Streep with 21 nominations
Actor with most total nominations for acting
Jack Nicholson with 12 nominations
Most acting nominations without an award
Peter O'Toole with 8 nominations (He received an Honorary Award in 2002)
Most nominations for an actor performing in a foreign language
Marcello Mastroianni with 3 nominations. He was nominated for Best Actor for Divorce, Italian Style (1962); A Special Day (1977) and Dark Eyes (1987), performing in Italian
Longest gap between first and second award
Helen Hayes won in 1932 for The Sin of Madelon Claudet and in 1971 for Airport, a 39-year gap
Longest time span between first and last nomination and between first and last award
Katharine Hepburn: 48 years from Morning Glory (1933, in the 1932/33 awards) until On Golden Pond (1981)
Most acting nominations before first award
Both Geraldine Page and Al Pacino won on their 8th nomination
Most posthumous nominations
James Dean with 2 (1955 for East of Eden and 1956 for Giant)
Shortest performance to win an acting Oscar
Beatrice Straight in Network (1976) – 5 minutes and 2 seconds
Shortest performance to win a lead acting Oscar
Patricia Neal in Hud (1963) – 21 minutes and 51 seconds [18]
Shortest performance to be nominated for an acting Oscar
Hermione Baddeley in Room at the Top (1959) – 2 minutes and 19 seconds
Shortest performance to be nominated for a lead acting Oscar
Spencer Tracy in San Francisco (1936) – 14 minutes and 58 seconds
Longest performance to win an acting Oscar
Vivien Leigh in Gone with the Wind (1939) – 2 hours, 23 minutes and 32 seconds
Longest performance to win a supporting acting Oscar
Tatum O'Neal in Paper Moon (1973) – 1 hour, 6 minutes and 58 seconds
Longest performance to be nominated for an acting Oscar
Vivien Leigh in Gone with the Wind (1939) – 2 hours, 23 minutes and 32 seconds
Longest performance to be nominated for a supporting acting Oscar
Frank Finlay in Othello (1965) – 1 hour, 30 minutes and 43 seconds
Most awards by an African American actor
Denzel Washington with 2, winning Best Supporting Actor for Glory (1989) and Best Actor for Training Day (2001)
Most awards for one acting performance
Harold Russell played Homer Parish in The Best Years of Our Lives in 1946. For this role he received 2 Oscars, one for Best Supporting and an honorary award for being an inspiration to all returning veterans.
Most nominations for one acting performance
Barry Fitzgerald was nominated as Best Actor and won for Best Supporting Actor for his role as Father Fitzgibbon in 1944's Going My Way
Years where all four Acting winners were born outside the United States
1964
Best Actor - Rex Harrison for My Fair Lady, United Kingdom
Best Actress - Julie Andrews for Mary Poppins, United Kingdom
Best Supporting Actor - Peter Ustinov for Topkapi, United Kingdom
Best Supporting Actress - Lila Kedrova for Zorba the Greek, Russia
2007
Best Actor - Daniel Day-Lewis for There Will Be Blood, United Kingdom
Best Actress - Marion Cotillard for La Vie en Rose, France
Best Supporting Actor - Javier Bardem for No Country for Old Men, Spain
Best Supporting Actress - Tilda Swinton for Michael Clayton, United Kingdom

text: Miscellaneous records[edit]

text:
Most nominations in different decades Six decades – John Williams, Elmer Bernstein[citation needed]
Only people to win both a Nobel Prize and an Oscar
George Bernard Shaw: Won the Nobel Prize in Literature in 1925, and an Oscar for Best Adapted Screenplay in 1938 for the film Pygmalion
Bob Dylan: Won an Oscar for Best Original Song for the song "Things Have Changed" from Wonder Boys in 2000, and the Nobel Prize in Literature in 2016.
Only person to win both an Olympic medal and an Oscar
Kobe Bryant: Won gold medals in Basketball in 2008 and 2012, and an Oscar for Best Animated Short Film in 2018 for the film Dear Basketball
Only woman to win Best Actress and Best Original Song
Barbra Streisand: Best Actress (joint) for Funny Girl (1968); Best Original Song for the Love Theme ("Evergreen") from A Star Is Born (1976)
Only person to win an Academy Award for acting and writing
Emma Thompson: Best Actress for Howards End (1992); Best Adapted Screenplay for Sense and Sensibility (1995)
Only person nominated for Acting, Writing, Producing, and Directing the same film
Warren Beatty was nominated in the four categories for Heaven Can Wait (1978), and again for  Reds (1981).
Only actor to win an Academy Award for portraying a real Academy Award winner
Cate Blanchett won Best Supporting Actress for portraying Katharine Hepburn in The Aviator
Only actor to win an Academy Award for portraying a fictional Academy Award nominee
Maggie Smith won Best Supporting Actress in California Suite
Most total nominations without a win
Greg P. Russell has earned 16 nominations in the Best Sound Mixing category. (This does not include his nomination at the 89th Academy Awards for 13 Hours: The Secret Soldiers of Benghazi, which was revoked the day before the ceremony.)[19]
Most total nominations before receiving an award
Film composer Victor Young was nominated 21 times without winning. He was often nominated multiple times in one year; twice, four times at the same Oscars. He won posthumously for Around the World in 80 Days, alongside yet another nomination (also posthumous).
Sound re-recording mixer Kevin O'Connell comes in at a close second, with 20 unsuccessful nominations from 1983 until 2016, when he finally won for Hacksaw Ridge.
Most nominations for a person
Walt Disney with 59; followed by composer John Williams with 51; composer Alfred Newman with 43; production designer Cedric Gibbons with 39; costume designer Edith Head with 35; songwriter Sammy Cahn with 26; composer Max Steiner with 25; Woody Allen with 23; composer Victor Young with 22; sound mixer Kevin O'Connell, Billy Wilder and Meryl Streep tied  with 21.
Most nominations for a living person
Film composer John Williams with 51
Most nominated woman
Edith Head with 35
Highest "perfect score"
Sound editor Mark Berger has four nominations and four wins
Most nominations for directing
William Wyler with 12 nominations
Most wins for producing
Two producers received 3 awards:
Sam Spiegel
Saul Zaentz
Most nominations for producing
Steven Spielberg with 10 nominations
Most nominations for directing in a single year
Two people have received 2 nominations for Best Director in the same year:
Michael Curtiz for Angels with Dirty Faces and Four Daughters in 1938
Steven Soderbergh for Erin Brockovich and Traffic in 2000
Most Best Picture awards for a film series
The Godfather series with 2 (for The Godfather and The Godfather Part II)
Most nominations and awards for a film series
The Middle-earth series with 17 competitive wins out of 37 nominations (for The Lord of the Rings and The Hobbit).
Most nominations for Best Original Screenplay
Woody Allen with 16 nominations and 3 wins
Longest time between the release of a film and winning an Oscar
Limelight (1952) is the only film to have won an award twenty years after its official release. Since it was not released in Los Angeles County until 1972, it was not eligible for any Academy Awards until that time.
Most posthumous award wins
William A. Horning won in 1958 for Best Art Direction for Gigi, and for Best Art Direction for Ben-Hur in 1959
Most posthumous award nominations
Howard Ashman with four
Lowest-grossing film to win Best Picture
Cimarron with $1,380,000
Longest film to win Best Picture
Gone with the Wind, 224 minutes (238 with overture, entr'acte, and exit music)
Longest film to win an award
O.J.: Made in America (2016), 467 minutes (Academy Award for Best Documentary)
The longest fictional film to win an award was War and Peace (1968), 431 minutes (Academy Award for Best Foreign Language Film)
Shortest film to win Best Picture
Marty, 90 minutes
Most acting awards for a character
Portrayals of Vito Corleone won:
Best Actor for Marlon Brando in The Godfather
Best Supporting Actor for Robert De Niro in The Godfather Part II
Most nominations for a character
3 portrayals of Queen Elizabeth I of England earned nominations for:
Cate Blanchett in Elizabeth and Elizabeth: The Golden Age (Best Actress)
Judi Dench in Shakespeare in Love (winner, Best Supporting Actress)
3 Portrayals of King Henry VIII of England earned nominations for:
Charles Laughton in The Private Life of Henry VIII (winner, Best Actor)
Robert Shaw in A Man for All Seasons (Best Supporting Actor)
Richard Burton in Anne of the Thousand Days (Best Actor)
21 other characters have been nominated twice – (*) = winning portrayal:
Abraham Lincoln – Raymond Massey, Daniel Day-Lewis (*)
Arthur Chipping – Robert Donat (*), Peter O'Toole
Cyrano de Bergerac – Jose Ferrer (*), Gerard Depardieu
Esther Blodgett – Janet Gaynor, Judy Garland
"Fast Eddie" Felson – Paul Newman (*)
Father Chuck O'Malley – Bing Crosby (*)
Father Fitzgibbons – Barry Fitzgerald (*) – nominated for Best Actor and Best Supporting Actor for the same performance in Going My Way
Henry Higgins – Leslie Howard, Rex Harrison (*)
Howard Hughes – Jason Robards, Leonardo DiCaprio
Iris Murdoch – Judi Dench, Kate Winslet – portrayals of the same character at different ages in the same film (Iris)
Joe Pendleton – Robert Montgomery, Warren Beatty
King Henry II of England – Peter O'Toole
King Henry V of England – Laurence Olivier, Kenneth Branagh
Leslie Crosbie – Jeanne Eagels, Bette Davis
Max Corkle – James Gleason, Jack Warden
Michael Corleone – Al Pacino
Norman Maine – Fredric March, James Mason
Richard Nixon – Anthony Hopkins, Frank Langella
Rocky Balboa – Sylvester Stallone
Rooster Cogburn – John Wayne (*), Jeff Bridges
Rose DeWitt Bukater – Kate Winslet and Gloria Stuart – portray of the same character at different ages in the same film (Titanic)
Vito Corleone – Marlon Brando (*), Robert De Niro (*)

text:
Most Royalty and Leaders portrayed
43 portrayals of monarchs or civil leaders (real and fictional), have been nominated for acting awards, with 11 winners.
The United Kingdom is the most represented nation.
Overall, there have been 15 Nominations and 4 wins for portrayals of  British monarchs.
In addition, Vanessa Redgrave was nominated for her portrayal of  Mary, Queen of Scots.
3 portrayals of British Prime Ministers have been nominated, with 3 wins
The only portrayal of a non-British monarch to win an award was Yul Brynner as  King Mongkut of Siam in  The King and I.
9 portrayals of  Presidents of the United States - 2 of them fictional - have been nominated, with Daniel Day-Lewis's portrayal of Abraham Lincoln the only winner.
Portrayals of 4  French  kings and Emperor Napoleon Bonaparte have nominations.
3 portrayals of Dictators have been nominated:
Forest Whitaker won for his portrayal of Idi Amin in The Last King of Scotland
Charlie Chaplin and Jack Oakie were nominated for their turns as the dictators of Tomainia and Bacteria in The Great Dictator.
11 portrayals of spouses/consorts of leaders have been nominated, with Katharine Hepburn's  Eleanor of Aquitaine  the only winner.

text:
Most Honorary Awards
Bob Hope received 5 honorary awards – 2 Special, 2 Honorary, and the Jean Hersholt Humanitarian Award.[20]

text: Oscar speeches[edit]

text:
Longest speech
The longest Oscar speech was that given by Greer Garson at the 15th Academy Awards after she was named Best Actress for 1942 for Mrs. Miniver. Her speech ran for nearly six minutes.[21] It was shortly after this incident that the Academy set forty-five seconds as the allotted time for an acceptance speech and began to cut the winners off after this time limit. When presenting the Best Actor award at the 24th Academy Awards, Garson quipped, "I think I have ten minutes left over from a highly emotional speech I made a few years ago. I'd be glad to give it to them."
Shortest speech
The shortest Oscar speech was that given by Patty Duke at the 35th Academy Awards after she was named Best Supporting Actress for 1962 for The Miracle Worker. Duke, age 16, was the youngest person at that time to receive an Academy Award in a competitive category. Her acceptance speech was, simply, two words – "Thank you" – after which she walked off the stage.[22]

text: Tied winners[edit]

text: There have been six two-way ties:

text:
1931/32: Best Actor – Wallace Beery (The Champ) and Fredric March (Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde)
1949: Best Documentary Short – A Chance to Live and So Much for So Little
1968: Best Actress – Katharine Hepburn (The Lion in Winter) and Barbra Streisand (Funny Girl)
1986: Best Documentary – Artie Shaw: Time Is All You've Got and Down and Out in America
1994: Best Short Film (Live Action) – Franz Kafka's It's a Wonderful Life and Trevor
2012: Best Sound Editing – Paul N. J. Ottosson (Zero Dark Thirty) and Per Hallberg and Karen Baker Landers (Skyfall)


document_title: Ed Sheeran

question_text: who did ed sheeran tour with in 2010

question_tokens: who did ed sheeran tour with in 2010

text: Ed Sheeran

text: Early life

text: Sheeran was born in Halifax,[5] on 17 February 1991.[6] When he was a child, he moved with his family to Framlingham in Suffolk.[7] He has an older brother named Matthew,[8] who works as a composer. Sheeran's parents, John and Imogen, are from London; his paternal grandparents are Irish,[9][10][11] and Sheeran has stated that his father is from a "very large" Catholic family.[12] John is an art curator and lecturer, and Imogen is a culture publicist turned jewellery designer.[10][13] His parents ran Sheeran Lock, an independent art consultancy, from 1990 to 2010.[14]

text: Sheeran sang in a local church choir from the age of four, learned to play the guitar at a very young age during his time at Rishworth School,[15] and began writing songs while at Thomas Mills High School in Framlingham.[16][17] He was accepted at the National Youth Theatre in London as a teenager.[18][19] He is a patron of the Youth Music Theatre UK[20] and of Access to Music, where he studied Artist Development course.[21][22] Sheeran is a second cousin of Northern Irish broadcaster Gordon Burns,[23] who hosted the British game show The Krypton Factor.[10]

text: Music career

text: 2004–2010: Career beginnings

text: Sheeran began recording music in 2004, and independently released his first collection of work, Spinning Man.[A] He has been friends with fellow English singer, Passenger, since he was 15, with the two playing on the same gig in Cambridge.[25] He moved to London in 2008, and began playing in small venues. In 2008, he auditioned for the ITV series, Britannia High.[26] He also opened for Nizlopi in Norwich in April 2008, after being one of their guitar technicians.[17] He released another EP in 2009, You Need Me, just before going on tour with Just Jack. He also did a few collaborations with Essex singer, Leddra Chapman, including CeeLo Green's "Fuck You". In February 2010, Sheeran posted a video through SB.TV, and rapper Example invited Sheeran to tour with him. In the same month, he also released his critically acclaimed Loose Change EP, which featured his future debut single, "The A Team".[27] In the autumn of 2009, Sheeran began studying music at the Academy of Contemporary Music (ACM) in Guildford, Surrey as an undergraduate,[28][29] though it is not clear how long he remained at the college.

text: Sheeran began to be seen by more people over the internet through YouTube and his fan-base grew, with him also getting credit from The Independent newspaper, England football captain Rio Ferdinand and Elton John.[30] He played a Station Session in St. Pancras International in June 2010.[31][32] The episode is unavailable from the official Station Sessions channel.[33] Sheeran also self-released two other EPs in 2010, Ed Sheeran: Live at the Bedford and Songs I Wrote with Amy, which is a collection of love songs he wrote in Wales with singer, Amy Wadge.[34] In 2010 he was in Los Angeles and was invited to perform at The Foxxhole, a club run by actor Jamie Foxx, which ended with an invitation to stay at Foxx's home.[35]

text: On 8 January 2011, Sheeran released another independent EP, No. 5 Collaborations Project, featuring grime artists such as Wiley, Jme, Devlin, Sway and Ghetts.[36] With this EP, Sheeran gained mainstream attention for reaching number 2 in the iTunes chart without any promotion or label, selling over 7,000 copies in its first week.[37] Three months later, Sheeran put on a free show to fans at the Barfly in Camden Town. Over 1,000 fans turned up, so Sheeran played four different shows to ensure everyone saw a gig, including a gig outside on the street after the venue had closed. Later that month, Sheeran was signed to Asylum Records.[37]

text: 2011–2013: + and international success

text: On 26 April 2011, Sheeran appeared on the TV music show Later... with Jools Holland, where he performed his debut single "The A Team". Six weeks later, "The A Team" was released as a digital download in the UK. The release served as the lead single from Sheeran's debut studio album, + (pronounced "plus").[38] "The A Team" entered the UK Singles Chart at number three, selling over 58,000 copies in the first week. It was the best selling debut single and the overall eighth-best selling single of 2011, selling 801,000 copies.[39] The lead single also became a top ten hit in Australia, Germany, Ireland, Japan, Luxembourg, New Zealand, Norway and the Netherlands. During a headline set in the BBC Introducing tent at Glastonbury Festival 2011, Sheeran announced that "You Need Me, I Don't Need You" would be released on 26 August as the second single from the album. The second single peaked at number four on the UK Singles Chart.[40] "Lego House" was released as the third single, reaching the top ten on the Australian, Irish and New Zealand Singles Charts.[41] The music video for “Lego House” features Harry Potter actor Rupert Grint, as a play on their similar appearance.[42] "Drunk", released on 19 February 2012, became Sheeran's fourth consecutive top ten single in the UK, peaking at number nine.[43]

text: Sheeran released + on 12 September 2011. The album received generally favourable reviews from music critics.[44] + debuted at number one on the UK Albums Chart for sales of 102,000 copies.[45] By end of 2011, sales of the album in the UK stand at 791,000; it became the second best-selling debut album and the ninth biggest-selling album there.[46] The album has been certified platinum six times by the British Phonographic Industry, denoting shipments of 1,800,000 copies.[47] As of March 2012, the album had sold 1,021,072 copies in the UK.[48] The album also reached the top five in Australia, Canada, Ireland, New Zealand and the US.[49][50][51]

text: The song, "Moments", on the debut album by boy band One Direction, released in November 2011, was co-written by Sheeran.[52] At the 2012 Brit Awards on 21 February, Sheeran won the Brit Awards for Best British Male Solo Artist, and British Breakthrough Act of the Year.[53][54] On 10 January 2012, it was announced that Sheeran would support Snow Patrol on their US tour from late March until May.[55] His song, "Give Me Love", was featured in the episode "Dangerous Liaisons" of The Vampire Diaries.[56] At the Ivor Novello Awards in May 2012, Sheeran's "The A Team" bested Adele's "Rolling in the Deep" and Florence and the Machine's "Shake It Out" for Best Song Musically and Lyrically.[57] Sheeran performed "The A Team" at the Diamond Jubilee of Queen Elizabeth II concert held on The Mall outside Buckingham Palace on 4 June 2012 and a cover of Pink Floyd's "Wish You Were Here" at the closing ceremony of the 2012 Summer Olympics on 12 August 2012.[58]

text: Taylor Swift contacted Sheeran after hearing his music while touring Australia in March 2012.[59] He later co-wrote and provided vocals for "Everything Has Changed", a single featured on Swift's fourth studio album, Red. Sheeran also contributed two songs to One Direction's second studio album, Take Me Home, released in November 2012; the single "Little Things" became the group's second number-one in the UK.[60] Sheeran's album peaked at No. 5 on the Billboard 200, while "The A Team" reached No. 16 on the US Billboard Hot 100.[59] In late 2012 and early 2013, he headlined a US tour of 6,000–9,000 capacity venues.[59] "The A Team" received a nomination for Song of the Year at the 2013 Grammy Awards.[61] Elton John, who runs Sheeran's management company, canvassed the award organisers to get Sheeran a performance slot at the ceremony but was told that Sheeran alone was not high-profile enough. John decided to appear with Sheeran to circumvent this problem.[62]

text: From March to September 2013, Sheeran played at arenas and stadiums across North America as the opening act for Swift's The Red Tour.[63][64] According to Sheeran, it was then his biggest tour and he added a scarlet RED tattoo to commemorate it.[65] In October 2013, Sheeran headlined three sold-out shows at New York's Madison Square Garden, which has a capacity of 18,200.[64][66][67] At the concert, Sheeran debuted new songs including "Tenerife Sea",[68] a future track on his second studio album. Sheeran released "I See Fire" on 5 November 2013. The song is featured in the end credits of the film The Hobbit: The Desolation of Smaug, the film's soundtrack, and on the deluxe version of his second album.[69] Sheeran was nominated for Best New Artist at the 2014 Grammy Awards.[70]

text: 2014–2015: x

text: On 24 March 2014, Sheeran performed at the Teenage Cancer Trust charity concert at the Royal Albert Hall in London where he unveiled "Take It Back", a track that would appear on the deluxe version of the second album.[71] "Sing", the lead single, was released on 7 April 2014. Sonically, the song is a departure from Sheeran's previous recordings.[72][73] "Sing" was intended to create hype over the album release, but from concern that this might alienate Sheeran's fan base, "One", an acoustic ballad, was released on 16 May 2014;[64][74] "One" also marked the first of several promotional singles released leading to the album release. By early June 2014, "Sing" had earned Sheeran his first number-one single in the UK.[75]

text: Sheeran's second studio album, x (pronounced "multiply"), was released worldwide on 23 June 2014. In a span of three years, Sheeran wrote more than 120 songs for the album,[76] the earliest of which was composed shortly after + was released.[77] The album features tracks produced by Rick Rubin, Pharrell Williams and Benny Blanco,[76] as well as that of Gosling's.[72] x peaked at number one in both the UK Albums Chart and the US Billboard 200. To support the album, Sheeran embarked on a world tour starting on 6 August 2014 at Osaka, Japan. On 27 September 2014, Sheeran was one of the headline acts at the Melbourne Cricket Ground prior to the 2014 AFL Grand Final.[78] Following "Don't", "Thinking Out Loud" was released on 24 September 2014 as the album's third single. Unlike his previous music videos, Sheeran took the lead role in the single's accompaniment, where he performed a ballroom dance.[79] It became his second single to reach number one in the UK,[80] and it also spent eight weeks at number two on the US Billboard Hot 100 (with only "Uptown Funk" by Mark Ronson featuring Bruno Mars keeping it from top spot).[81] In 2014, combined streams on Sheeran's catalogue in Spotify reached 860 million; Spotify named him the most-streamed artist and x the most-streamed album.[82] In the same year, the album made Sheeran iTunes' best-selling artist in the UK, Ireland and New Zealand.[83][84]

text: x was nominated for Album of the Year at the 57th Grammy Awards.[85] Sheeran performed alongside John Mayer at the ceremony.[86] On 25 February, Sheeran won British Male Solo Artist and British Album of the Year for x at the 2015 Brit Awards.[87] On 21 May he received the Ivor Novello Award for Songwriter of the Year.[88] On 21 June, Sheeran co-hosted the 2015 Much Music Video Awards in Toronto, where he performed the singles, "Thinking Out Loud" and "Photograph"; he also won two awards, Best International Artist and Most Buzzworthy International Artist or Group.[89][90] On 27 June, Sheeran performed as the opening act for The Rolling Stones in their Zip Code Tour date in Kansas City's Arrowhead Stadium.[91] On 10–12 July 2015, Sheeran performed sold-out shows at London's Wembley Stadium. The shows, which were announced in November 2014, were part of his world tour.[92] The concert was documented and aired on 16 August 2015 on NBC; the one-hour special Ed Sheeran – Live at Wembley Stadium also included behind-the-scenes footage.[93] In November 2015 Sheeran released the DVD Jumpers for Goalposts: Live at Wembley Stadium, the title a nod to playing concerts at Wembley Stadium, the home of English football.[94]

text: In 2015, Sheeran wrote "Love Yourself" for Justin Bieber's fourth album.[95] Sheeran had initially planned to put the song on his third album ÷ and added that the track would have been scrapped before Bieber took the song.[96] On 26 September, Sheeran performed at the 2015 Global Citizen Festival in Central Park's Great Lawn in New York, an event organised by Coldplay lead singer, Chris Martin, that advocates an end to extreme global poverty. Sheeran headlined the festival along with Beyoncé, Coldplay, and Pearl Jam. The festival was broadcast on NBC in the US on 27 September and the BBC in the UK on 28 September.[97] Sheeran co-hosted the 2015 MTV Europe Music Awards on 25 October in Milan, Italy. He won the awards for Best Live Act and Best Live Stage;[98] the latter was in recognition for his performance at the 2014 V Festival in England.[99] Sheeran won the Breakthrough award at the 2015 Billboard Touring Awards.[100] His single from x, "Thinking Out Loud", earned him two Grammy Awards at the 2016 ceremony: Song of the Year and Best Pop Solo Performance. In May 2016, x was named the second-best-selling album worldwide in 2015, behind 25 by Adele.[101]

text: 2016–present: Hiatus and ÷

text: On 13 December 2016, after a year long hiatus and social media break, Sheeran tweeted a picture and changed his Twitter, Facebook and Instagram to a light blue, implying the release of a new album – each of Sheeran's previous albums were a single coloured background with a solid mathematical symbol.[102] On 1 January 2017, Sheeran uploaded a video on social media websites which shows him holding a piece of paper with the words "New Music Coming Friday" written on it.[103] On 2 January, he posted a 10-second video on Twitter and other social media showing what was the cover design of his forthcoming album entitled ÷ (pronounced "divide") which was released 3 March 2017.[104][105] The album debuted at number one in the UK, the US, Germany, Australia, Canada and other major markets.[106][107][108] With first week sales of 672,000 it is the fastest selling album by a male solo artist in the UK, and third fastest in UK chart history behind 25 by Adele and Be Here Now by Oasis.[106] It had the biggest first week sales of 2017 in the US, until it was surpassed by Taylor Swift's Reputation.[107]

text: On 6 January, Sheeran released two singles, "Shape of You" and "Castle on the Hill"; the theme of the latter single is about Sheeran's upbringing in his home town of Framlingham in Suffolk, with the castle referring to Framlingham Castle.[109] Following the release of these singles, Sheeran went on to co-host the BBC Radio 1 Breakfast Show with Scott Mills where it was inferred that he would possibly make an appearance at the Glastonbury Festival in 2017.[110] It was also during this show that Sheeran used a new Martin guitar that featured the ÷ logo (of his new album) on both the headstock and body of the acoustic guitar.[111] Both singles went on to break the Spotify day one streaming record, with a combined total of over 13 million streams in 24 hours.[112]

text: On 13 January, "Shape of You" and "Castle on the Hill" entered the UK Singles Chart at number one and number two, the first time in history an artist has taken the top two UK chart positions with new songs.[113] The same day he also became the first artist to debut at number one and number two on the official German Single Charts.[114] On 15 January, the songs debuted at number one and number two on the ARIA Singles Chart, the first time this has been achieved in the history of the Australian chart.[115] On 17 January, "Shape of You" debuted at number one on the US Billboard Hot 100, while "Castle on the Hill" entered at number six; this made Sheeran the first artist ever to have two songs simultaneously debut in the US top 10.[116]

text: On 26 January, Sheeran announced tour dates for the album ÷ in Europe, South America and North America from 17 March until 14 June 2017.[117] Sheeran played to over 950,000 people in Australia and New Zealand in March and April 2018, making it the biggest concert tour in Australasian music history, overtaking the previous record set by Dire Straits in 1986.[118] On 17 February 2017, Sheeran released "How Would You Feel (Paean)". Though not an official single, the song peaked at number two in the UK.[119] By 11 March 2017 Sheeran had accumulated ten top 10 singles from ÷ on the UK Singles Chart, breaking Scottish DJ Calvin Harris's record of nine top 10 singles from one album.[120] On hearing the news Harris stated "Congrats Ed but also fuck you I love you but also fuck you."[120] At the 2017 MTV Video Music Awards Sheeran was named Artist of the Year.[121] The fourth single from ÷, "Perfect", reached number one in the UK and Australia, and a stripped down acoustic version of the song titled "Perfect Duet", a collaboration with Beyoncé, reached number one in the US and the UK,[122][123] becoming the year's UK Christmas number one.[124] On 7 November, Taylor Swift revealed that Sheeran collaborated on the song "End Game" for her sixth studio album Reputation.[125] The song, which also features rapper Future, was released on 10 November.[126]

text: On 4 December, Sheeran was named Spotify's most streamed artist of 2017 with 6.3 billion streams. He has Spotify's biggest album of the year with ÷ streamed 3.1 billion times, and the top song with "Shape of You" with 1.4 billion streams.[127] On 5 December 2017, hip-hop artist Eminem announced that Sheeran had collaborated on the song "River" for his ninth studio album Revival.[128] On working with Eminem, Sheeran stated, "He is one of the reasons I started writing songs, and was such a pleasure to work with him."[128] Speaking on The Late Late Show on Irish television on 15 December, Sheeran stated he has a theme song written for a James Bond film in case he gets the call from producers of the film series.[129] On 3 January 2018, "Shape of You" was named the best selling single of 2017 in the UK,[130] and the best selling single of 2017 on the Billboard Hot 100 in the US.[131] The same day, ÷ was named the best selling album of 2017 in the UK,[132] and the US.[133] At the 2018 Brit Awards held at the O2 Arena in London on 21 February, Sheeran performed "Supermarket Flowers", and received the Global Success Award.[134] In April 2018, the IFPI named ÷ the best-selling album worldwide of 2017.[135] At the 2018 Billboard Music Awards on 20 May, Sheeran performed "Galway Girl" from Phoenix Park in Dublin, Ireland, and picked up six awards, including Top Artist and Top Hot 100 Artist.[136]

text: Influences

text: Sheeran's earliest memories include listening to the records of Joni Mitchell, Bob Dylan and Elton John's Greatest Hits.[35] According to Sheeran, the album that introduced him to music was Van Morrison's Irish Heartbeat.[10] During his childhood his father took him to live concerts that would inspire his musical creations. These included seeing Eric Clapton at the Royal Albert Hall, Paul McCartney in Birmingham, and Bob Dylan.[137] On the influence of Clapton, Sheeran states, "He's the reason I started playing guitar".[138] He singled out Clapton's performance at the Party at the Palace in the grounds of Buckingham Palace, "I was eleven when I saw Eric Clapton play at the Queen's Golden Jubilee concert in June 2002. I remember him walking on stage with this rainbow-coloured Stratocaster and playing the first riff of "Layla". I was hooked. Two days later I bought a black Stratocaster copy for £30 that came with an amp. All I did for the next month was try to play that Layla riff."[139]

text: He has also cited The Beatles, Nizlopi and Eminem as his biggest musical influences.[140][141] According to Sheeran, he had a stutter in his speech when he was younger, and he credited rapping along to Eminem's The Marshall Mathers LP for helping him get rid of it.[142] He was also inspired by "Cannonball" singer-songwriter Damien Rice in 2002, with Sheeran stating, "seeing him play this small club in Ireland, I was able to meet him, and he was unbelievably cool. I went straight home and started writing songs. I would not be doing what I'm doing now if he'd been a jerk."[143] Sheeran collaborated with his idol Eric Clapton in April 2016, with Sheeran stating to People magazine, "I sang on Eric Clapton's album [I Still Do]. It's one thing having him on mine, but being his, that's an honour that you can't ever pinpoint on how great that is. I did something for his record, and I was credited as 'Angelo Mysterioso,' [appearing as a guest on Clapton's "I Will Be There", in addition to performing the song with Clapton on stage], and he did something for my record [performing a guitar solo on "Dive" on Sheeran's album ÷] and was credited as 'Angelo Mysterioso.'"[138]

text: Other ventures

text: Gingerbread Man records

text: In March 2015, Sheeran revealed he was setting up a record label, Gingerbread Man Records, which is a deal with Warner Music Group.[144] The label was launched in August 2015 alongside its accompanying YouTube channel.[145] Jamie Lawson, the label's first signee, met Sheeran while they were both in London's folk circuit.[146] Lawson released his self-titled debut album on 9 October 2015, which has earned him a number one in the UK Albums Chart.[147] Sheeran signed his second artist, Foy Vance, in November 2015.[148]

text: Charity

text: Sheeran performed a gig in Bristol, which raised £40,000 for a charity that reaches out to street sex workers. "It's good to show insight that these people are real people with real emotions and they deserve the same charity work as anyone else," Sheeran said. "There's a lot more popular charities that get a lot of attention. And with certain subjects like this they're often washed over and people don't necessarily give them the attention they deserve." Tickets were available to those taking part in the charity's Give it up for One25 campaign by giving something up for 125 hours and hitting the £40,000 fundraising mark.[149]

text: Sheeran frequently gives away his clothes to charity shops around Suffolk, his home county.[150] An ambassador for East Anglia's Children's Hospice, he has donated clothes to the St Elizabeth Hospice charity shop in his home town Framlingham, including eight bags of clothes to the shop in February 2014, and eight items of clothing he wore at the 2015 Grammy Awards.[151] In 2016 he donated 13 bags of clothes to the shop.[152] The tartan shirt worn by Sheeran when he met Renee Zellweger's character, Bridget, in Bridget Jones's Baby, was auctioned online to raise further funds for the hospice.[152]

text: On 15 November 2014, Sheeran joined the charity supergroup Band Aid 30 along with other British and Irish pop acts, recording the latest version of the track "Do They Know It's Christmas?" at Sarm West Studios in Notting Hill, London, to raise money for the West African Ebola virus epidemic.[153]

text: In November 2015, Sheeran supported the No Cold Homes campaign by the UK charity, Turn2us.[154] Sheeran was one of nearly thirty celebrities, which included Helen Mirren, Jeremy Irons and Hugh Laurie, to donate items of winter clothing to the campaign, with the proceeds used to help people in the country struggling to keep their home warm in winter.[155]

text: Sheeran appeared in a November 2017 episode of Gogglebox along with other UK celebrities such as Ozzy Osbourne, former Oasis frontman Liam Gallagher, and Labour Party leader Jeremy Corbyn as part of Channel 4 and Cancer Research UK's Stand Up to Cancer fundraising campaign.[156]

text: Acting

text: Sheeran made his acting debut in 2014, a cameo role as himself on New Zealand soap opera Shortland Street, filmed while he was in the country for a one-off performance.[157] In May 2015, he appeared as himself and performed on a live episode of the NBC sitcom Undateable.[158] Later that year, while in Australia, he recorded scenes for the soap Home and Away, as a character based on himself.[159]

text: After recording a cover version of Foy Vance's "Make It Rain" for Sons of Anarchy, Sheeran was cast by creator Kurt Sutter to play Sir Cormac in the medieval drama The Bastard Executioner on FX.[160] Sheeran also appeared as himself in the 2016 film Bridget Jones's Baby in a scene where Bridget Jones, played by Renée Zellweger, encounters the singer at the Glastonbury Festival where he is performing.[161]

text: In July 2017, Sheeran appeared in a longer cameo on Game of Thrones in a scene together with actress Maisie Williams, who plays the character Arya Stark.[162] David Benioff explained that since Williams was a big fan of the singer, they wanted to have Sheeran appear on the show to surprise Williams, and that they had tried to get him on for years.[163] It received a mix of positive and very critical reviews.[164][165]

text: Personal life

text: In early 2011, after securing recording and publishing deals, Sheeran purchased and renovated a farm near Framlingham, Suffolk, where he was raised. He has stated that he hopes to raise a family there.[64][166] During 2013, he lived between Hendersonville, Tennessee and Los Angeles, California.[167] In 2014, he bought a house in South London.[64]

text: Sheeran was in a relationship with Scottish singer-songwriter Nina Nesbitt (who was in his music video for "Drunk") in 2012, before breaking up.[168] Nesbitt is the subject of Sheeran's songs "Nina" and "Photograph", while most of Nesbitt's album, Peroxide, is about Sheeran.[168] In January 2014, Sheeran was in a relationship with Athina Andrelos, who works for chef Jamie Oliver.[169] She is the inspiration of Sheeran's song "Thinking Out Loud".[170] They broke up in February 2015.[170] Since July 2015, Sheeran has been in a relationship with childhood friend and former high school classmate Cherry Seaborn.[171] They announced their engagement in January 2018.[172] He is also close friends with singer-songwriter Taylor Swift, and collaborated on her albums Red and Reputation.[138]

text: In June 2015, Forbes listed his earnings at $57 million for the previous 12 months, and ranked him the 27th-highest-earning celebrity in the world.[173] On 19 October 2015, Sheeran received an honorary degree from the University of Suffolk in Ipswich for his "outstanding contribution to music".[174] Sheeran commented: "Suffolk is very much where I call home. Receiving this recognition is a real privilege."[174]

text: Sheeran supported Vote Remain at the United Kingdom European Union membership referendum in 2016, voicing his opposition to Brexit.[175] In a December 2017 interview with The Sunday Times' "Culture" magazine, Sheeran spoke of his admiration for Labour Party leader Jeremy Corbyn. "I love Corbyn. I love everything Corbyn is about. And I feel people thought that, because I didn't put myself behind him, I wasn't a Corbyn supporter. He cares about other people. He cares about all classes, races and generations, and that's how I was brought up – we need more people that care about everyone."[176]

text: Awards and nominations

text: Sheeran was appointed Member of the Order of the British Empire (MBE) in the 2017 Birthday Honours for services to music and charity.[177] He received the award from Prince Charles at Buckingham Palace on 7 December 2017.[178]

text: Discography

text:
+ (2011)
× (2014)
÷ (2017)

text: Filmography

text:
Year
Title
Role
Notes
Ref(s)

2014
Shortland Street
Himself

[157]

2015
Undateable
Himself

[158]

Home and Away
Teddy

[159]

The Bastard Executioner
Sir Cormac
5 episodes
[160]

Jumpers for Goalposts: Live at Wembley Stadium
Himself
Concert Film
[179]

2016
Bridget Jones's Baby
Himself

[180]

2017
Game of Thrones
Lannister soldier
Episode: "Dragonstone"
[181]

2018
The Simpsons
Brendan (voice)
Episode: "Haw-Haw Land"
[182]

2019
Untitled Danny Boyle/Richard Curtis film

Filming

text: Tours

text: Headlining act

text:
+ Tour (2011–2013)
× Tour (2014–2015)
÷ Tour (2017–2018)

text: Opening act

text:
Snow Patrol's Fallen Empires Tour (North American select dates) (2012)
Taylor Swift's The Red Tour (all North American dates) (2013)
The Rolling Stones's Zip Code Tour (Kansas City only)


document_title: List of NBA champions

question_text: who's been in the nba finals the last 5 years

question_tokens: who 's been in the nba finals the last 5 years

text: List of NBA champions

text: Champions

text: Numbers in parentheses in the table are NBA Finals appearances as of the date of that NBA Finals, and are used as follows:

text: Winning team and losing team columns indicate the conference (or division, prior to 1971), number of appearances in an NBA Finals, and each respective teams' NBA Finals record to date.

text:
Year
Winning team
Coach
Games
Losing team
Coach
Ref

1947
Philadelphia Warriors (1, 1–0)
Gottlieb, EddieEddie Gottlieb
4–1
Chicago Stags (1, 0–1)
Olsen, HaroldHarold Olsen
[14]

1948
Baltimore Bullets (1, 1–0)
Jeannette, BuddyBuddy Jeannette
4–2
Philadelphia Warriors (2, 1–1)
Eddie Gottlieb
[15]

1949
Minneapolis Lakers (W) (1, 1–0)
Kundla, JohnJohn Kundla
4–2
Washington Capitols (E) (1, 0–1)
Auerbach, RedRed Auerbach
[16]

1950
Minneapolis Lakers (C) (2, 2–0)
John Kundla
4–2
Syracuse Nationals (E) (1, 0–1)
Cervi, AlAl Cervi
[17]

1951
Rochester Royals (W) (1, 1–0)
Harrison, LesLes Harrison
4–3
New York Knicks (E) (1, 0–1)
Lapchick, JoeJoe Lapchick
[18]

1952
Minneapolis Lakers (W) (3, 3–0)
John Kundla
4–3
New York Knicks (E) (2, 0–2)
Joe Lapchick
[19]

1953
Minneapolis Lakers (W) (4, 4–0)
John Kundla
4–1
New York Knicks (E) (3, 0–3)
Joe Lapchick
[20]

1954
Minneapolis Lakers (W) (5, 5–0)
John Kundla
4–3
Syracuse Nationals (E) (2, 0–2)
Al Cervi
[21]

1955
Syracuse Nationals (E) (3, 1–2)
Al Cervi
4–3
Fort Wayne Pistons (W) (1, 0–1)
Eckman, CharlesCharles Eckman
[22]

1956
Philadelphia Warriors (E) (3, 2–1)
Senesky, GeorgeGeorge Senesky
4–1
Fort Wayne Pistons (W) (2, 0–2)
Charles Eckman
[23]

1957
Boston Celtics (E) (1, 1–0)
Red Auerbach
4–3
St. Louis Hawks (W) (1, 0–1)
Hannum, AlexAlex Hannum
[24]

1958
St. Louis Hawks (W) (2, 1–1)
Alex Hannum
4–2
Boston Celtics (E) (2, 1–1)
Red Auerbach
[25]

1959
Boston Celtics (E) (3, 2–1)
Red Auerbach
4–0
Minneapolis Lakers (W) (6, 5–1)
John Kundla
[26]

1960
Boston Celtics (E) (4, 3–1)
Red Auerbach
4–3
St. Louis Hawks (W) (3, 1–2)
Macauley, EdEd Macauley
[27]

1961
Boston Celtics (E) (5, 4–1)
Red Auerbach
4–1
St. Louis Hawks (W) (4, 1–3)
Seymour, PaulPaul Seymour
[28]

1962
Boston Celtics (E) (6, 5–1)
Red Auerbach
4–3
Los Angeles Lakers (W) (7, 5–2)
Schaus, FredFred Schaus
[29]

1963
Boston Celtics (E) (7, 6–1)
Red Auerbach
4–2
Los Angeles Lakers (W) (8, 5–3)
Fred Schaus
[30]

1964
Boston Celtics (E) (8, 7–1)
Red Auerbach
4–1
San Francisco Warriors (W) (4, 2–2)
Alex Hannum
[31]

1965
Boston Celtics (E) (9, 8–1)
Red Auerbach
4–1
Los Angeles Lakers (W) (9, 5–4)
Fred Schaus
[32]

1966
Boston Celtics (E) (10, 9–1)
Red Auerbach
4–3
Los Angeles Lakers (W) (10, 5–5)
Fred Schaus
[33]

1967
Philadelphia 76ers (E) (4, 2–2)
Alex Hannum
4–2
San Francisco Warriors (W) (5, 2–3)
Sharman, BillBill Sharman
[34]

1968
Boston Celtics (E) (11, 10–1)
Russell, BillBill Russell
4–2
Los Angeles Lakers (W) (11, 5–6)
van Breda Kolff, ButchButch van Breda Kolff
[35]

1969
Boston Celtics (E) (12, 11–1)
Bill Russell
4–3
Los Angeles Lakers (W) (12, 5–7)
Butch van Breda Kolff
[36]

1970
New York Knicks (E) (4, 1–3)
Holzman, RedRed Holzman
4–3
Los Angeles Lakers (W) (13, 5–8)
Mullaney, JoeJoe Mullaney
[37]

1971
Milwaukee Bucks (WC) (1, 1–0)
Costello, LarryLarry Costello
4–0
Baltimore Bullets (EC) (1, 0–1)
Shue, GeneGene Shue
[38]

1972
Los Angeles Lakers (WC) (14, 6–8)
Bill Sharman
4–1
New York Knicks (EC) (5, 1–4)
Red Holzman
[39]

1973
New York Knicks (EC) (6, 2–4)
Red Holzman
4–1
Los Angeles Lakers (WC) (15, 6–9)
Bill Sharman
[40]

1974
Boston Celtics (EC) (13, 12–1)
Heinsohn, TomTom Heinsohn
4–3
Milwaukee Bucks (WC) (2, 1–1)
Larry Costello
[41]

1975
Golden State Warriors (WC) (6, 3–3)
Attles, AlAl Attles
4–0
Washington Bullets (EC) (2, 0–2)
Jones, K. C.K. C. Jones
[42]

1976
Boston Celtics (EC) (14, 13–1)
Tom Heinsohn
4–2
Phoenix Suns (WC) (1, 0–1)
MacLeod, JohnJohn MacLeod
[43]

1977
Portland Trail Blazers (WC) (1, 1–0)
Ramsay, JackJack Ramsay
4–2
Philadelphia 76ers (EC) (5, 2–3)
Gene Shue
[44]

1978
Washington Bullets (EC) (3, 1–2)
Motta, DickDick Motta
4–3
Seattle SuperSonics (WC) (1, 0–1)
Wilkens, LennyLenny Wilkens
[45]

1979
Seattle SuperSonics (WC) (2, 1–1)
Lenny Wilkens
4–1
Washington Bullets (EC) (4, 1–3)
Dick Motta
[46]

1980
Los Angeles Lakers (WC) (16, 7–9)
Westhead, PaulPaul Westhead
4–2
Philadelphia 76ers (EC) (6, 2–4)
Cunningham, BillyBilly Cunningham
[47]

1981
Boston Celtics (EC) (15, 14–1)
Fitch, BillBill Fitch
4–2
Houston Rockets (WC) (1, 0–1)
Harris, DelDel Harris
[48]

1982
Los Angeles Lakers (WC) (17, 8–9)
Riley, PatPat Riley
4–2
Philadelphia 76ers (EC) (7, 2–5)
Billy Cunningham
[49]

1983
Philadelphia 76ers (EC) (8, 3–5)
Billy Cunningham
4–0
Los Angeles Lakers (WC) (18, 8–10)
Pat Riley
[50]

1984
Boston Celtics (EC) (16, 15–1)
K. C. Jones
4–3
Los Angeles Lakers (WC) (19, 8–11)
Pat Riley
[51]

1985
Los Angeles Lakers (WC) (20, 9–11)
Pat Riley
4–2
Boston Celtics (EC) (17, 15–2)
K. C. Jones
[52]

1986
Boston Celtics (EC) (18, 16–2)
K. C. Jones
4–2
Houston Rockets (WC) (2, 0–2)
Bill Fitch
[53]

1987
Los Angeles Lakers (WC) (21, 10–11)
Pat Riley
4–2
Boston Celtics (EC) (19, 16–3)
K. C. Jones
[54]

1988
Los Angeles Lakers (WC) (22, 11–11)
Pat Riley
4–3
Detroit Pistons (EC) (3, 0–3)
Daly, ChuckChuck Daly
[55]

1989
Detroit Pistons (EC) (4, 1–3)
Chuck Daly
4–0
Los Angeles Lakers (WC) (23, 11–12)
Pat Riley
[56]

1990
Detroit Pistons (EC) (5, 2–3)
Chuck Daly
4–1
Portland Trail Blazers (WC) (2, 1–1)
Adelman, RickRick Adelman
[57]

1991
Chicago Bulls (EC) (1, 1–0)
Jackson, PhilPhil Jackson
4–1
Los Angeles Lakers (WC) (24, 11–13)
Dunleavy, MikeMike Dunleavy
[58]

1992
Chicago Bulls (EC) (2, 2–0)
Phil Jackson
4–2
Portland Trail Blazers (WC) (3, 1–2)
Rick Adelman
[59]

1993
Chicago Bulls (EC) (3, 3–0)
Phil Jackson
4–2
Phoenix Suns (WC) (2, 0–2)
Westphal, PaulPaul Westphal
[60]

1994
Houston Rockets (WC) (3, 1–2)
Tomjanovich, RudyRudy Tomjanovich
4–3
New York Knicks (EC) (7, 2–5)
Pat Riley
[61]

1995
Houston Rockets (WC) (4, 2–2)
Rudy Tomjanovich
4–0
Orlando Magic (EC) (1, 0–1)
Hill, BrianBrian Hill
[62]

1996
Chicago Bulls (EC) (4, 4–0)
Phil Jackson
4–2
Seattle SuperSonics (WC) (3, 1–2)
Karl, GeorgeGeorge Karl
[63]

1997
Chicago Bulls (EC) (5, 5–0)
Phil Jackson
4–2
Utah Jazz (WC) (1, 0–1)
Sloan, JerryJerry Sloan
[64]

1998
Chicago Bulls (EC) (6, 6–0)
Phil Jackson
4–2
Utah Jazz (WC) (2, 0–2)
Jerry Sloan
[65]

1999
San Antonio Spurs (WC) (1, 1–0)
Popovich, GreggGregg Popovich
4–1
New York Knicks (EC) (8, 2–6)
Van Gundy, JeffJeff Van Gundy
[66]

2000
Los Angeles Lakers (WC) (25, 12–13)
Phil Jackson
4–2
Indiana Pacers (EC) (1, 0–1)
Bird, LarryLarry Bird
[67]

2001
Los Angeles Lakers (WC) (26, 13–13)
Phil Jackson
4–1
Philadelphia 76ers (EC) (9, 3–6)
Brown, LarryLarry Brown
[68]

2002
Los Angeles Lakers (WC) (27, 14–13)
Phil Jackson
4–0
New Jersey Nets (EC) (1, 0–1)
Scott, ByronByron Scott
[69]

2003
San Antonio Spurs (WC) (2, 2–0)
Gregg Popovich
4–2
New Jersey Nets (EC) (2, 0–2)
Byron Scott
[70]

2004
Detroit Pistons (EC) (6, 3–3)
Larry Brown
4–1
Los Angeles Lakers (WC) (28, 14–14)
Phil Jackson
[71]

2005
San Antonio Spurs (WC) (3, 3–0)
Gregg Popovich
4–3
Detroit Pistons (EC) (7, 3–4)
Larry Brown
[72]

2006
Miami Heat (EC) (1, 1–0)
Pat Riley
4–2
Dallas Mavericks (WC) (1, 0–1)
Johnson, AveryAvery Johnson
[73]

2007
San Antonio Spurs (WC) (4, 4–0)
Gregg Popovich
4–0
Cleveland Cavaliers (EC) (1, 0–1)
Brown, MikeMike Brown
[74]

2008
Boston Celtics (EC) (20, 17–3)
Rivers, DocDoc Rivers
4–2
Los Angeles Lakers (WC) (29, 14–15)
Phil Jackson
[75]

2009
Los Angeles Lakers (WC) (30, 15–15)
Phil Jackson
4–1
Orlando Magic (EC) (2, 0–2)
Van Gundy, StanStan Van Gundy
[76]

2010
Los Angeles Lakers (WC) (31, 16–15)
Phil Jackson
4–3
Boston Celtics (EC) (21, 17–4)
Doc Rivers
[77]

2011
Dallas Mavericks (WC) (2, 1–1)
Carlisle, RickRick Carlisle
4–2
Miami Heat (EC) (2, 1–1)
Spoelstra, ErikErik Spoelstra
[78]

2012
Miami Heat (EC) (3, 2–1)
Erik Spoelstra
4–1
Oklahoma City Thunder (WC) (4, 1–3)
Brooks, ScottScott Brooks
[79]

2013
Miami Heat (EC) (4, 3–1)
Erik Spoelstra
4–3
San Antonio Spurs (WC) (5, 4–1)
Gregg Popovich
[80]

2014
San Antonio Spurs (WC) (6, 5–1)
Gregg Popovich
4–1
Miami Heat (EC) (5, 3–2)
Erik Spoelstra
[81]

2015
Golden State Warriors (WC) (7, 4–3)
Kerr, SteveSteve Kerr
4–2
Cleveland Cavaliers (EC) (2, 0–2)
Blatt, DavidDavid Blatt
[82]

2016
Cleveland Cavaliers (EC) (3, 1–2)
Lue, TyronnTyronn Lue
4–3
Golden State Warriors (WC) (8, 4–4)
Steve Kerr
[83]

2017
Golden State Warriors (WC) (9, 5–4)
Steve Kerr
4–1
Cleveland Cavaliers (EC) (4, 1–3)
Tyronn Lue
[84]

2018
Golden State Warriors (WC) (10, 6–4)
Steve Kerr
4–0
Cleveland Cavaliers (EC) (5, 1–4)
Tyronn Lue
[85]

text: Results by teams

text:
Teams
Win
Loss
Total
Year(s) won
Year(s) lost

Boston Celtics
17
4
21
1957, 1959, 1960, 1961, 1962, 1963, 1964, 1965, 1966, 1968, 1969, 1974, 1976, 1981, 1984, 1986, 2008
1958, 1985, 1987, 2010

Minneapolis/Los Angeles Lakers
16
15
31
1949, 1950, 1952, 1953, 1954, 1972, 1980, 1982, 1985, 1987, 1988, 2000, 2001, 2002, 2009, 2010
1959, 1962, 1963, 1965, 1966, 1968, 1969, 1970, 1973, 1983, 1984, 1989, 1991, 2004, 2008

Philadelphia/San Francisco/Golden State Warriors
6
4
10
1947, 1956, 1975, 2015, 2017, 2018
1948, 1964, 1967, 2016

Chicago Bulls
6
0
6
1991, 1992, 1993, 1996, 1997, 1998
—

San Antonio Spurs
5
1
6
1999, 2003, 2005, 2007, 2014
2013

Syracuse Nationals/Philadelphia 76ers
3
6
9
1955, 1967, 1983
1950, 1954, 1977, 1980, 1982, 2001

Fort Wayne/Detroit Pistons
3
4
7
1989, 1990, 2004
1955, 1956, 1988, 2005

Miami Heat
3
2
5
2006, 2012, 2013
2011, 2014

New York Knicks
2
6
8
1970, 1973
1951, 1952, 1953, 1972, 1994, 1999

Houston Rockets
2
2
4
1994, 1995
1981, 1986

Cleveland Cavaliers
1
4
5
2016
2007, 2015, 2017, 2018

St. Louis/Atlanta Hawks
1
3
4
1958
1957, 1960, 1961

Baltimore/Washington Bullets/Washington Wizards
1
3
4
1978
1971, 1975, 1979

Seattle SuperSonics/Oklahoma City Thunder
1
3
4
1979
1978, 1996, 2012

Portland Trail Blazers
1
2
3
1977
1990, 1992

Milwaukee Bucks
1
1
2
1971
1974

Dallas Mavericks
1
1
2
2011
2006

Baltimore Bullets (original) (folded in 1954)[a]
1
0
1
1948
—

Rochester/Cincinnati Royals/Kansas City/Sacramento Kings
1
0
1
1951
—

Phoenix Suns
0
2
2
—
1976, 1993

New Orleans/Utah Jazz
0
2
2
—
1997, 1998

New Jersey/Brooklyn Nets
0
2
2
—
2002, 2003

Orlando Magic
0
2
2
—
1995, 2009

Chicago Stags (folded in 1950)
0
1
1
—
1947

Washington Capitols (folded in 1951)
0
1
1
—
1949

Indiana Pacers
0
1
1
—
2000

Buffalo Braves/San Diego/Los Angeles Clippers
—
—
—

Charlotte Hornets/Bobcats
—
—
—

Denver Nuggets
—
—
—

Minnesota Timberwolves
—
—
—

New Orleans Hornets/Pelicans
—
—
—

Toronto Raptors
—
—
—

Vancouver/Memphis Grizzlies
—
—
—

text: Notes

text: Jump up ^ Not affiliated with the present-day Washington Wizards who were known as the Baltimore/Capital/Washington Bullets from 1963 to 1997.

tag: ol


document_title: Line in the sand (phrase)

question_text: who drew the line in the sand at the alamo

text: Line in the sand (phrase)

text: Origin[edit]

text: Biblical link to John 8:6. Some have (perhaps erroneously) interpreted Jesus' writing in the sand, as drawing a line in the sand in order to address those who are about to stone a woman caught in adultery. However, the literal translation is not that he drew a line in the sand, but that he "wrote" (or "drew lines" in some translations) in the sand, an important distinction.

text: The exact origin of the phrase is unknown: the Oxford English Dictionary suggests a transitional use from 1950, but a definitely figurative use only as late as 1978:

text: He drew a line in the sand with the toe of his boot, and said, 'It's as though I told you "I can punch you in the nose, but you can't reach across that line to hit me back."'

text: Notwithstanding the supposed public revulsion toward more federal spending, waste and bureaucracy-building, Congress seems to have gone out of its way to draw a wide line in the sand in front of Carter.

text: There is reference to an actual line being drawn in several historical, or legendary, military events:

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One of the earliest recorded instance is in Indian epic Ramayana where Lakshmana draws a line around the dwelling to protect Sita. This phrase is often used in India even today, and is called Lakshman Rekha.
In 168 BC, a Roman Consul named Gaius Popillius Laenas drew a circular line in the sand around King Antiochus IV of the Seleucid Empire, then said, "Before you cross this circle I want you to give me a reply for the Roman Senate" – implying that Rome would declare war if the King stepped out of the circle without committing to leave Egypt immediately. Weighing his options, Antiochus wisely decided to withdraw. Only then did Popillius agree to shake hands with him.
In 1527, during the second expedition for the conquest of Peru, the Governor of Panama sent two ships to Isla de Gallo to rescue Francisco Pizarro and his troops. Pizarro drew a line in the sand, saying: "There lies Peru with its riches; Here, Panama and its poverty. Choose, each man, what best becomes a brave Castilian." Only thirteen men (The Famous Thirteen) continued with Pizarro, the others left for Panama.
In 1807 or 1808, the Maori tribe Ngāti Whātua won a battle against their Ngapuhi enemies on a beach at Moremonui in the far north of New Zealand. One of the victorious chiefs, Taoho, drew a line in the sand with his spear and ordered that no Ngapuhi were to be slain beyond that point. This battle, the first of the Musket Wars, was called Te Kai a te Karoro (the Feast of the Seagulls) because seagulls joined the victors in eating the slain.[2]
In the United States, the phrase is most commonly associated with Texas history surrounding the Battle of the Alamo, as it is attributed to Colonel William Travis, commander of the Alamo defense forces.[3] In the waning days of the Battle (somewhere during March 3–5, 1836), with Mexican General Antonio Lopez de Santa Anna having the Alamo completely surrounded, Santa Anna sent a messenger to Travis demanding surrender, or else everyone in the compound would be killed. According to the legend, Travis called the Alamo defenders together, explained that defeat was almost certain, and read the letter of surrender; Travis then (having chosen to die instead of surrender) reportedly pulled his battle sword, used it to draw a line in the ground of the Alamo, and asked for volunteers to cross over the line and join him, understanding their decision would be irreversible. The legend states that all but one of the defenders (including Jim Bowie and Davy Crockett) joined Travis on his side of the line; Moses Rose was the only defender choosing to leave the compound. Travis then responded to Santa Anna's letter with cannon fire, whereupon Santa Anna replied by playing El Degüello.

text: Recent uses[edit]

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In 1990, US president George H. W. Bush described the initiation of the Gulf War as drawing "a line in the sand".
In 1997, American progressive metal band Dream Theater released a song named "Lines in the Sand" on their album Falling into Infinity.
In 2003, British rock band Motörhead released a song named "Evolution (Line in the Sand)", which was used as entrance music by WWE wrestling stable Evolution.
In 2014, American rock band Linkin Park released a song named "A Line in the Sand" on their album The Hunting Party.
In 2016, English singer-songwriter and musician PJ Harvey released a song named "A Line in the Sand" on her album The Hope Six Demolition Project.