document_title: RuPaul's Drag Race All Stars (season 3)

question_text: rupaul's drag race all stars 3 episode 3 elimination

question_tokens: rupaul 's drag race all stars 3 episode 3 elimination

text: RuPaul's Drag Race All Stars (season 3)

text: Contestants

text: The drag queens that competed are:[4]

text: (Ages and names stated are at time of contest.)

text:
Contestant
Real name
Age
Hometown
Original season
Original placement
Outcome

Trixie Mattel
Brian Firkus
28
Los Angeles, California
Season 7
06 !6th Place
Winner

Kennedy Davenport
Reuben Asberry Jr.[5]
35
Dallas, Texas
Season 7
04 !4th Place
Runner-up

BeBe Zahara Benet
Nea Marshall Kudi
36
Minneapolis, Minnesota
Season 1
01 !Winner
3rd/4th Place

Shangela
D.J. Pierce
35
Los Angeles, California
Season 2
12 !12th Place

Season 3
05 !6th Place

Morgan McMichaels
Thomas White
36
Los Angeles, California
Season 2
08 !8th Place
5th Place[a]

BenDeLaCreme
Benjamin Putnam
35
Seattle, Washington
Season 6
05 !5th Place[b]
6th Place[c]

Aja
Jay Rivera[6]
23
Brooklyn, New York
Season 9
09 !9th Place
7th Place

Chi Chi DeVayne
Zavion Davenport[7]
32
Shreveport, Louisiana
Season 8
04 !4th Place
8th Place

Milk
Dan Donigan[8]
29
New York, New York
Season 6
09 !9th Place
9th Place

Thorgy Thor
Shane Galligan[9][10]
33
Brooklyn, New York
Season 8
06 !6th Place
10th Place

text:
Jump up ^ Morgan McMichaels originally placed 10th before being chosen to return to the competition.
Jump up ^ This contestant was voted Miss Congeniality during her original season.
Jump up ^ This contestant eliminated herself.

tag: ol

text: Contestant progress

text:
Contestant
1[11]
2[12]
3[13]
4[14]
5[15]
6[16]
7[17]
8[18]

Trixie Mattel
SAFE
SAFE
HIGH
BTM3
WIN
BTM3
WIN
Winner

Kennedy Davenport
SAFE
BTM2
WIN
BTM3
SAFE
BTM3
BTM3
Runner-up

BeBe Zahara Benet
SAFE
HIGH
SAFE
SAFE
WIN
WIN
BTM3
Eliminated

Shangela
HIGH
WIN
SAFE
WIN
BTM2
BTM3
WIN
Eliminated

Morgan McMichaels
ELIM

IN
ELIM
Guest

BenDeLaCreme
WIN
WIN
WIN
WIN
SAFE
ELIM

Guest

Aja
WIN
SAFE
BTM3
SAFE
ELIM
OUT

Guest

Chi Chi DeVayne
BTM2
LOW
BTM3
ELIM

OUT

Guest

Milk
SAFE
SAFE
ELIM

OUT

Guest

Thorgy Thor
SAFE
ELIM

OUT

Guest

text: Lip syncs

text:
Episode
Contestants
(Pick for Elimination)
Song
Winner
Up for Elimination
Eliminated

1
Aja
(Chi Chi DeVayne)
vs.
BenDeLaCreme
(Morgan McMichaels)
"Anaconda"
(Nicki Minaj)
BenDeLaCreme
Chi Chi DeVayne
Morgan McMichaels
Morgan McMichaels

2
BenDeLaCreme
(Thorgy Thor)
vs.
Shangela
(Thorgy Thor)
"Jump (For My Love)"
(The Pointer Sisters)
Shangela
Kennedy Davenport
Thorgy Thor
Thorgy Thor

3
BenDeLaCreme
(Chi Chi DeVayne)
vs.
Kennedy Davenport
(Milk)
"Green Light"
(Lorde)
Kennedy Davenport
Aja
Chi Chi DeVayne
Milk
Milk

4
BenDeLaCreme
(Chi Chi DeVayne)
vs.
Shangela
(Chi Chi DeVayne)
"I Kissed a Girl"
(Katy Perry)
BenDeLaCreme & Shangela
Chi Chi DeVayne
Kennedy Davenport
Trixie Mattel
Chi Chi DeVayne

5
BeBe Zahara Benet
(Aja)
vs.
Trixie Mattel
(Aja)
"The Boss"
(Diana Ross)
BeBe Zahara Benet
Aja
Shangela
Aja

6
BeBe Zahara Benet[a]
vs.
BenDeLaCreme
(BenDeLaCreme)
[Morgan McMichaels][b]
"Nobody's Supposed to Be Here
(Hex Hector Dance Mix)"
(Deborah Cox)
BenDeLaCreme
Kennedy Davenport
Shangela
Trixie Mattel
BenDeLaCreme

7
Shangela
(Morgan McMichaels)
vs.
Trixie Mattel
(Morgan McMichaels)
"Freaky Money"
(RuPaul ft. Big Freedia)
Shangela
BeBe Zahara Benet
Kennedy Davenport
Morgan McMichaels
Morgan McMichaels

8
Kennedy Davenport
vs.
Trixie Mattel
"Wrecking Ball"
(Miley Cyrus)
Trixie Mattel
None
Kennedy Davenport

text:
Jump up ^ In episode 7, BeBe Zahara Benet chose not to show who she selected to return to the competition and who she selected to eliminate if she had won the lip sync.
Jump up ^ In episode 6, the contestants in the lip sync were asked to choose an eliminated contestant to return to the competition in addition to picking someone to eliminate.

text: Guest judges

text: Guest judges[19] for this season include (in order of appearance):

text:
Vanessa Hudgens, actress and singer
Todrick Hall, actor and singer
Vanessa Williams, actress and singer
Constance Zimmer, actress
Jeffrey Bowyer-Chapman, actor and model
Nicole Byer, comedian and actress
Kristin Chenoweth, actress and singer
Tituss Burgess, actor and singer
Shay Mitchell, actress and model
Adam Lambert, singer and actor
Emma Bunton, singer and actress
Chris Colfer, actor and singer
Garcelle Beauvais, actress and model

tag: ul

text: Special guests

text: Guests who appeared in episodes but did not judge on the main stage (in order of appearance):

text:
Chad Michaels, runner-up from season four and winner of season one of All Stars
Alaska, runner-up from season five and winner of season two of All Stars
Marc Jacobs, fashion designer
Nancy Pelosi, House Democratic leader and representative for California's 12th congressional district

text: Episodes

text:
No.
overall
No. in
season
Title
Original air date

16
1
"All-Star Variety Show"
January 25, 2018 (2018-01-25)

Nine formerly eliminated queens from past seasons of RuPaul's Drag Race enter the workroom to win a spot in the Drag Race Hall of Fame, and also to win a cash prize of $100,000. Upon entering the room, RuPaul introduces the final 10th queen, season one winner BeBe Zahara Benet, stating that he wants to showcase the contestant to a new generation of fans.[11] For the episode's maxi-challenge, each queen is to prepare a live talent presentation for the second All Star Variety Show.[11] Upon judgement, BeBe Zahara Benet, Milk, and Trixie Mattel are deemed safe. During the critiques, Aja and BenDeLaCreme are selected as the top two all stars of the week. Contestants Shangela and Thorgy Thor receive positive reviews from the judges. Chi Chi DeVayne and Morgan McMichaels are placed in the bottom for their performances. Aja and BenDeLaCreme lip-sync against each other to Nicki Minaj's "Anaconda"; BenDeLaCreme wins the lip sync and eliminates Morgan McMichaels.[11]

Guest Judge: Vanessa Hudgens
Mini-challenge: Reading is Fundamental
Mini-challenge Winner: BenDeLaCreme
Mini-challenge Prize: $3,000 shopping spree to L.A. Eyeworks
Main Challenge: Perform a talent in front of the judges, a live audience, and other competitors.
Challenge Winners: Aja & BenDeLaCreme
Main Challenge Prize: Five-night stay at the Grand Resort Hotel and Spa in Fort Lauderdale, air fare included
Lip Sync for Your Legacy Winner: BenDeLaCreme
Lip Sync Song: "Anaconda" by Nicki Minaj
Bottom Two: Chi Chi DeVayne & Morgan McMichaels
Eliminated: Morgan McMichaels
Farewell Message: "I love you girls! Keep rocking and stay FABULOUS!"

17
2
"Divas Lip Sync Live"
February 1, 2018 (2018-02-01)

In episode two, the nine remaining queens are assigned female musicians to embody in the Divas Lip Sync Live battle, a tribute act in the form of a live medley of RuPaul songs. Aja performs as Amy Winehouse, BeBe Zahara Benet as Diana Ross, BenDeLaCreme as Julie Andrews, Chi Chi DeVayne as Patti LaBelle, Kennedy Davenport as Janet Jackson, Milk as Celine Dion, Shangela as Mariah Carey, Trixie Mattel as Dolly Parton, and Thorgy Thor as Stevie Nicks.[12] The runway theme on the main stage is "RuDemption," a theme for which each contestant recreates a look from their original season.[12] Upon judgement, Aja, Milk, and Trixie Mattel are deemed safe. During the critiques, BeBe Zahara Benet, BenDaLeCreme, and Shangela receive positive feedback on their performances and runway looks, with the latter two winning the challenge. Chi Chi DeVayne, Kennedy Davenport and Thorgy Thor are all criticized for their performances, while their runway looks receive praise. DeVayne is declared safe from the bottom two. Shangela and BenDeLaCreme lip-sync against each other to The Pointer Sisters' "Jump (For My Love)." Shangela wins the lip sync and eliminates Thorgy Thor.[12]

Guest Judges: Todrick Hall & Vanessa Williams
Alternating Judge: Carson Kressley
Main Challenge: Perform in a lip-syncing dance number inspired by VH1 Divas.
Runway Theme: RuDemption Runway
Challenge Winners: BenDeLaCreme & Shangela
Main Challenge Prize: $1000 gift card from Sparkles Rhinestones and a $1000 gift card from Fierce Queen Heels
Lip Sync for Your Legacy Winner: Shangela
Lip Sync Song: "Jump (For My Love)" by The Pointer Sisters
Bottom Two: Kennedy Davenport & Thorgy Thor
Eliminated: Thorgy Thor
Farewell Message: "Wooo! Drag is fun. Suck it ShangeLLA!" [Drawing of an ejaculating penis]

18
3
"The B*tchelor"
February 8, 2018 (2018-02-08)

The eight remaining queens are each assigned a personality by RuPaul for The Bitchelor, a satire based on the show The Bachelor. Aja plays the Needy Girl, BeBe Zahara Benet the Shy Virgin, BenDeLaCreme the Cougar, Chi Chi DeVayne and Shangela a polyamorous couple, Kennedy Davenport the Party Girl, Milk the Stalker, and Trixie Mattel the Fake Bitch.[13] Jeffrey Bowyer-Chapman participates as the main love interest of the show. The main-stage runway theme is "Wigs on Wigs on Wigs".[13] Upon judgement, Benet and Shangela are both deemed safe. BenDeLaCreme, Davenport and Mattel are praised for their performances and looks, with the former two contestants winning the challenge. Aja, Chi Chi DeVayne, and Milk are placed in the bottom three. Davenport and BenDeLaCreme lip-sync against each other to Lorde's "Green Light." Davenport wins the lip sync and eliminates Milk.[13]

Guest Judges: Constance Zimmer & Jeffrey Bowyer-Chapman
Alternating Judge: Ross Mathews
Main Challenge: Improvise in an unscripted dating show inspired by The Bachelor.
Runway Theme: Wigs on Wigs on Wigs
Challenge Winners: BenDeLaCreme & Kennedy Davenport
Main Challenge Prize: A jewelry pack from Fierce Drag Jewels and a $1000 gift card to Nailed by Cristy
Lip Sync for Your Legacy Winner: Kennedy Davenport
Lip Sync Song: "Green Light" by Lorde
Bottom Three: Aja, Chi Chi DeVayne, & Milk
Eliminated: Milk
Farewell Message: "Love u girls but ya'll know this is bogus! Stay amazing ❤ Milk"

19
4
"All Stars Snatch Game"
February 15, 2018 (2018-02-15)

The seven remaining queens prepare for the Snatch Game, where each contestant picks a celebrity to impersonate. Aja appears as Crystal LaBeija, BeBe Zahara Benet as Grace Jones, BenDeLaCreme as Paul Lynde, Chi Chi DeVayne as Maya Angelou, Kennedy Davenport as Phaedra Parks, Shangela as Jenifer Lewis and Trixie Mattel as RuPaul.[14] Guest judge Kristin Chenoweth partakes in the challenge, playing herself.[14] The runway theme on the main stage is "Flower Power."[14] Upon judgement, BenDeLaCreme and Shangela are deemed the winners of the challenge. Aja and Benet receive positive remarks for their runway looks, though reviews are divided on Benet's Snatch Game performance. Both are ultimately declared safe. DeVayne, Davenport and Mattel are placed in the bottom three. Shangela and BenDeLaCreme lip-sync against each other to Katy Perry's "I Kissed a Girl." The lip sync is declared a tie, and both contestants eliminate DeVayne.[14]

Guest Judges: Kristin Chenoweth & Nicole Byer
Alternating Judge: Carson Kressley
Main Challenge: Impersonate celebrities in the Snatch Game.
Runway Theme: Flower Power
Challenge Winners: BenDeLaCreme & Shangela
Main Challenge Prize: A wig wardrobe courtesy of Rockstar Wigs and a $1000 gift card from Coolhaus Ice Cream
Lip Sync for Your Legacy Winner: BenDeLaCreme & Shangela
Lip Sync Song: "I Kissed a Girl" by Katy Perry
Bottom Three: Chi Chi DeVayne, Kennedy Davenport, & Trixie Mattel
Eliminated: Chi Chi DeVayne
Farewell Message: "LOVE All of you gals, Remember to Keep it fair. Chi Chi 💋"

20
5
"Pop Art Ball[20]"
February 22, 2018 (2018-02-22)[21]

The six remaining queens participate in a mini-challenge where they dress up in "Quick Drag" and model in an Andy Warhol-inspired photoshoot. Aja wins the challenge, receiving a year's supply of burgers from Hamburger Mary's and a cash tip of $2,000. For the main challenge, each contestant is asked to prepare two runway looks for the Pop Art Ball: one inspired by Warhol's Campbell's Soup Cans and a second inspired by Studio 54. Additionally, each contestant has to record a voice-over narrative to be played during her runway presentation. During the judges' critiques, Aja and Shangela are criticized for both of their runway looks, and they fall into the bottom two. BeBe Zahara Benet and Trixie Mattel are both commended for their runway looks, winning the challenge. BenDeLaCreme and Kennedy Davenport attract mixed commentary but are ultimately declared safe. Benet and Mattel lip-sync against each other to Diana Ross's "The Boss". Benet wins the lip sync and eliminates Aja.[15] At the end of the episode, RuPaul brings previous winners Chad Michaels and Alaska back onto the main stage, and they reveal three queens in cloaks that will be returning for the next episode.[15]

Guest Judges: Tituss Burgess & Shay Mitchell
Alternating Judge: Ross Mathews
Mini-challenge: Pose for a pop art-style portrait
Mini-challenge Winner: Aja
Mini-challenge Prize: A year's supply of hamburgers from Hamburger Mary's and $2,000
Main Challenge: Design wearable soup cans inspired by Andy Warhol as well as a Studio 54 disco look.
Challenge Winners: BeBe Zahara Benet & Trixie Mattel
Main Challenge Prize: Two-night escape for 2 at the W Hotel in Fort Lauderdale
Lip Sync for Your Legacy Winner: BeBe Zahara Benet
Lip Sync Song: The Boss by Diana Ross
Bottom Two: Aja & Shangela
Eliminated: Aja
Farewell Message: "I love u bitches❤ Honestly, thank you from the bottom of my heart! Y'all inspire me! -Aja"

21
6
"Handmaids to Kitty Girls[25]"
March 1, 2018 (2018-03-01)[21]

RuPaul reintroduces all the eliminated queens to the competition. Everyone is tasked with writing and performing original lyrics to audition for RuPaul's new all-star supergroup, The Kitty Girls. The queens are split equally into two teams: the eliminated queens on one team, and the remaining queens on the other.[16] Each member creates a character to perform: Benet appears as Jungle Kitty, BenDeLaCreme as Goth Kitty, Davenport as Diva Kitty, Shangela as Sparkle Kitty, and Mattel as IQ Kitty. On the opposite team, Aja appears as Lil' Banjee, DeVayne as Cajun Kitty, Milk as Milky Kitty, McMichaels as Bimbo Kitty, and Thor as Cardio Kitty.[16]
During the judges' critiques, Benet and BenDeLaCreme are praised for their performances, and they are deemed the top two contestants. Davenport, Shangela and Mattel are placed in the bottom three. Benet and BenDeLaCreme are instructed to eliminate one of the bottom queens and to select an eliminated contestant to return to the competition.[16] Benet and BenDeLaCreme lip-sync against each other to Deborah Cox's "Nobody's Supposed To Be Here," and the latter wins.[16] BenDeLaCreme chooses McMichaels to return to the competition and subsequently eliminates herself, making her the second queen to leave the competition voluntarily.[16] Upon the episode's premiere, critics deemed her move one of the most controversial and "unthinkable" moments on the show.[22][23][24]

Guest Judges: Adam Lambert & Emma Bunton
Alternating Judge: Carson Kressley
Main Challenge: Audition for RuPaul's new all star super group called "The Kitty Girls."
Challenge Winners: BeBe Zahara Benet & BenDeLaCreme
Main Challenge Prize: $1,000 gift card to The Spa on Rodeo and a $1,000 gift card to MuLondon
Lip Sync for Your Legacy Winner: BenDeLaCreme
Lip Sync Song: "Nobody's Supposed to Be Here (Hex Hector Dance Mix)" by Deborah Cox
Bottom Three: Kennedy Davenport, Shangela, & Trixie Mattel
Returned: Morgan McMichaels
Eliminated: BenDeLaCreme
Farewell Message: "Dear new top 5, thank you so much for this incredible journey. Stay fierce. You all deserve a crown. Your friendship and respect is the best win I can imagine. XO BDLC"

22
7
"My Best Squirrelfriend's Dragsmaids Wedding Trip[26]"
March 8, 2018 (2018-03-08)[26]

The five remaining queens are asked to act in a trailer for a movie titled My Best Squirrelfriend's Dragsmaids Wedding Trip, comedically portraying Academy Award-winning female characters. Morgan McMichaels is tasked with handing out roles to each contestant: Bebe Zahara Benet plays The Queen (The Queen), Kennedy Davenport plays La La (La La Land), McMichaels plays Beige Swan (Black Swan), Shangela plays Actavia (The Help/Hidden Figures), and Trixie Mattel plays Sharon Frokovich (Erin Brockovich). The runway theme for the episode is "Red for Filth."[17] During critiques, Shangela's and Mattel's performances and looks are praised, and they are chosen as the top two contestants. Although Benet, Davenport and McMichaels receive compliments for their runway looks, all three are placed in the bottom three. Shangela and Mattel lip-sync against each other to RuPaul's "Freaky Money." Shangela wins the lip sync and chooses to eliminate McMichaels.[17]

Guest Judges: Chris Colfer & Garcelle Beauvais
Alternating Judge: Ross Mathews
Main Challenge: Star in a raunchy girl comedy blockbuster.
Runway Theme: "Red for Filth"
Challenge Winners: Shangela & Trixie Mattel
Main Challenge Prize: $1,000 gift card to Elea's Closet and a luggage set from Radden Luggage
Lip Sync for Your Legacy Winner: Shangela
Lip Sync Song: "Freaky Money" by RuPaul ft. Big Freedia
Bottom Three: BeBe Zahara Benet, Kennedy Davenport & Morgan McMichaels
Eliminated: Morgan McMichaels
Farewell Message: "Let no one dim your light. I love you all totally! SISTERS FOREVER! 💋"

23
8
"A Jury of Their Queers[26]"
March 15, 2018 (2018-03-15)[26]

The final four queens were asked to write, sing and dance in an ambitious production number to RuPaul's song "Kitty Girl."[18] Choreographer Todrick Hall accompanied the girls choreography, but also revealed that the entire music video would be shot in one-take throughout the backstage of RuPaul's Drag Race, including the runway The music video opens with Kennedy Davenport, and follows with Shangela, Bebe Zahara Benet and Trixie Mattel; the judges, and eliminated contestants, all appeared as cameo to the video.[18] During the critiques, all four queens were given positive comments about their performances and runway looks. RuPaul reveals that each eliminated queen gets to vote two contestants to enter the top two spots, whereas each remaining contestant got the chance to plead why they deserved to be in the top positions. Subsequently, the four remaining queens were asked to change costumes for the lip-sync to Miley Cyrus's "Wrecking Ball". After deliberation, eliminated contestant Morgan McMichaels announces Davenport and Mattel as the top two All-Stars, effectively eliminating both Benet and Shangela. After the lip-sync, RuPaul announces Mattel as the season three winner, and earns a spot in the Drag Race Hall of Fame.[18]

Main Challenge: Write, sing, and dance in an ambitious production number to RuPaul's song "Kitty Girl."
Eliminated: BeBe Zahara Benet & Shangela
Final Two: Kennedy Davenport & Trixie Mattel
Lip Sync Song: "Wrecking Ball" by Miley Cyrus
Runner-up: Kennedy Davenport
Winner of RuPaul's Drag Race All Stars Season Three: Trixie Mattel

text: Leak

text: On February 15, 2018, the series production company World of Wonder filed a lawsuit against an anonymous leaker using the alias RealityTVLeaks.[27] According to the lawsuit, RealityTVLeaks posted several visuals from the season on various social media websites such as Reddit, Twitter, and Instagram before each episode's airing—including runway themes, challenges, episode titles, and eliminated queens.[27] Additionally, a producer from the show stated that the leaker removed "information identifying [World of Wonder] as the copyright owner and author" before adding "misleading copyright management information falsely identifying [the defendants] as the copyright owners and authors."[27] World of Wonder launched the suit because of the defendant's "unlawful theft and public dissemination of episodes of the popular and critically-acclaimed reality television show," and the production company confirmed it is seeking damages of $300,000, including $150,000 for each infringed episode and $25,000 per violation of "actual damages" and defendants' profits.[27]

text: Ratings

text:
No.
Title
Air date
Rating/share
(18–49)
Viewers
(millions)

1
"All-Star Variety Show"
January 25, 2018
0.46[28]
0.895[28]

2
"Divas Lip Sync Live"
February 1, 2018
0.40[29]
0.777[29]

3
"The B*tchelor"
February 8, 2018
0.39[30]
0.738[30]

4
"All Stars Snatch Game"
February 15, 2018
0.34[31]
0.713[31]

5
"Pop Art Ball"
February 22, 2018
0.38[32]
0.732[32]

6
"Handmaids to Kitty Girls"
March 1, 2018
0.49[33]
0.883[33]

7
"My Best Squirrelfriend's Dragsmaids Wedding Trip"
March 8, 2018
0.31[34]
0.658[34]

8
"A Jury of Their Queers"
March 15, 2018
0.27[35]
0.589[35]

text: Reception

text: Although a ratings success, the season was not critically well received, following the high bar set by All Stars 2. Vulture, in writing a summation review, described the season as "truly one of the roughest seasons of the show ever. After a stellar, jaw-unhingingly good All Stars 2, this season felt more like an embarrassing cousin you brought to gay happy hour who wears double polos".[36] The A.V. Club similarly described the season as disappointing; in their final review of the season, they wrote, "I should be celebrating the crowning of a new queen in the Drag Race hall of fame, but Drag Race All Stars season three has left me feeling totally underwhelmed and wondering, What’s the point?"[37]

text: Vulture did however make the point that although the season did not live up to expectations, "even at its worst, it’s still one of one the best, if not the best goddamn reality competition show on television".[38]


document_title: Ned Stark

question_text: when does lord stark die in game of thrones

root

text: Ned Stark

text: Character[edit]

text: Description[edit]

text: In A Game of Thrones (1996), Ned Stark is introduced as the virtuous and honorable patriarch of House Stark and the father of six children. The moral compass of the story, he is content to remain far from courtly intrigues[5] and is unwavering in his view of loyalty and honor.[6] His family name, Stark, serves as an indication of his resistance to moral compromise, but his boundaries are increasingly tested over the course of the novel.[6] Finding himself a key player in the escalating political intrigue of King's Landing, Ned struggles as his own sense of honor draws him into corrupt goings-on at court.[5][6] As the story progresses, he begins to see the importance of moral and practical compromises to achieve a just end, and is ultimately forced to choose between the safety of his family and doing what is right.[7]

tag: p

text: Sean Bean said of the character, "he’s a good man trying to do his best in the middle of this corruption, he’s a fish out of water, he’s used to being up north in Winterfell where people are pretty straight and pragmatic, and he comes down to a place where people are playing games and backstabbing … he’s a principled man who tries to hold things together. This is a journey that he makes where ultimately his loyalty causes his downfall."[8]

text: Development and overview[edit]

text: Publishers Weekly noted in 1996 that, despite the honest Ned Stark's intervention in court politics, "no amount of heroism or good intentions can keep the realm under control."[9] From his very first introduction, Ned is portrayed as a noble hero and set up to be the heart of the story. With fifteen chapters devoted to his point of view, more than any single character in the novel, he is presented as a primary character in the series, and the main storyline of A Game of Thrones, the drama in King's Landing, is told entirely from his perspective. In the London Review of Books, John Lanchester writes that everything about Ned is designed to gain audience sympathy, from his strong sense of honor and moral compass to his compassion towards his wife and children.[10] Readers are led to believe that Ned will be the main character of the series, but ultimately he is, from a literary perspective, a classic decoy protagonist. After struggling to keep himself and the kingdom on a moral path for the entire novel, the only option that remains to save his family is to put aside his honor; he does it, but is betrayed anyway.[7][11] Calling Ned's execution "shocking", The New York Times noted in 2011 that the novel was "famous for dispatching a thoroughly admirable major character with whom readers have been identifying for most of the book."[1] In an interview for Entertainment Weekly, author George R. R. Martin commented on this misdirection:

text: I knew it almost from the beginning. Not the first day, but very soon. I’ve said in many interviews that I like my fiction to be unpredictable. I like there to be considerable suspense. I killed Ned in the first book and it shocked a lot of people. I killed Ned because everybody thinks he’s the hero and that, sure, he’s going to get into trouble, but then he’ll somehow get out of it.[12]

text: David Benioff, executive producer and writer of the HBO adaptation, told Entertainment Weekly that when he read the novel:

text: I was in shock. From your training in seeing so many movies and reading books, you know your hero is going to be saved … Someone has something planned, because they’re not really going to chop off his head — right up until the moment when they chopped off his head. I was shocked, and then admiring of George’s ruthlessness. It’s a tough thing to build up a character and make somebody as memorable and impressive as Ned and then get rid of him. But at the same time it leads to a story that is so much more suspenseful because you truly have no idea what is going to happen and who is going to survive.[13]

text: In a review of the Game of Thrones TV episode "Baelor", James Poniewozik wrote in Time that "the execution of Eddard Stark is crucial to the story and its themes and everything that follows, but it’s also a meta-message to the reader: don’t take anything for granted here."[11] James Hibberd of Entertainment Weekly stated that tricking the audience into thinking Ned is the hero and then killing him makes the series' story better.[7] Writing that "the big twist here isn't that Ned Stark dies, but who the true protagonists of Game of Thrones are," Hibberd pointed out that the series' focus proves to be the "new generation" of leaders, in particular the Stark children but also Daenerys and even Tyrion.[14] He noted:

text: Ned Stark doesn't die in vain … It takes the Stark kids — who are all too young to face these responsibilities — and thrusts them into a struggle where they're forced to quickly grow as characters. Martin busts many cliches in his writing, but this move is traditional Heroes Journey stuff if you consider the kids to be the true protagonists of this story — only by sacrificing the fatherly mentor figure can our heroes come into their own.[14]

text: Storylines[edit]

text: Background[edit]

text: As established in A Game of Thrones, Eddard "Ned" Stark is the second son of Rickard Stark, the Lord of Winterfell. Years before the events of the novel, the quiet and shy young Ned is fostered in the Vale by Jon Arryn. During this time Ned becomes close friends with Robert Baratheon, heir to the Stormlands and another ward of Arryn's. Robert is eventually betrothed to Ned's sister Lyanna, but before he can marry her, Crown Prince Rhaegar Targaryen (who is already married and has two young children) absconds with Lyanna. Ned's father and older brother Brandon go to King Aerys II Targaryen and demand that Lyanna be freed; the so-called "Mad King" executes both Rickard and Brandon, convinced that the Starks seek to usurp him. Ned, Robert and Arryn then rise in revolt, securing the support of House Tully with Ned marrying Catelyn Tully. Ned leaves for war the next morning.

text: At the decisive Battle of the Trident, Robert manages to kill Prince Rhaegar and scatter the Targaryen army. Robert is injured in the battle, so Ned takes command and marches on the capital. In King's Landing, Ned finds that House Lannister has — through treachery — already sacked the city, and murdered Aerys and the royal family. Disgusted by the dishonorable massacre, Ned departs to lift the siege of the Baratheon stronghold Storm's End, and later attempts to rescue Lyanna but finds his sister dying; her last words are "Promise me Ned." Ned returns to Winterfell with his bastard son Jon Snow in tow; meanwhile Catelyn has delivered their son and Ned's heir, Robb, conceived on their wedding night.

text: Six years after the end of Robert's Rebellion, Balon Greyjoy, the Lord of the Iron Islands, declares independence from the Iron Throne. Ned aids King Robert in putting down "Greyjoy's Rebellion." Balon surrenders, and his sole surviving heir, Theon, is taken back to Winterfell as Stark's ward and hostage. Ned rules the North for nine more years before the events of the novel.

text: A Game of Thrones[edit]

text: As A Game of Thrones begins, Catelyn informs Ned that his mentor Jon Arryn has died, and that King Robert intends to offer Ned Jon's old position as Hand of the King. Content to be far from court intrigue, Ned is reluctant to accept the offer until he receives a letter from Arryn's widow, who believes that her husband had been poisoned by the Lannisters. Ned subsequently agrees to the appointment to protect Robert. He then travels south to King's Landing with his daughters Sansa and Arya. Catelyn later comes to the capital in secret, under the protection of her childhood friend Petyr "Littlefinger" Baelish, to tell Ned of an assassination attempt on their young son Bran. Ned's longstanding mistrust of the Lannisters is further fueled by Littlefinger's confirmation that the dagger used by the would-be assassin once belonged to Tyrion Lannister. Increasingly disgusted by the political intrigues at court, Ned finally resigns his position when Robert insists on having Aerys' only surviving child, the young Daenerys Targaryen, assassinated in exile. Meanwhile, Catelyn has taken Tyrion hostage at the Eyrie, and in retaliation Jaime Lannister attacks and seriously injures Ned in the street before he and his daughters can depart King's Landing. Visiting a wounded Ned, Robert reappoints him as Hand.

text: Ned eventually concludes that all of Robert's heirs with Cersei are illegitimate, the product of her incest with her twin brother Jaime. Further, Ned suspects that Arryn had been poisoned to conceal the truth. Ned confronts Cersei with his discovery and gives her the chance to escape with her children into exile. Before Ned can tell the king, Robert is fatally wounded while hunting and names Ned Protector of the Realm, to function as regent until his "son" Joffrey comes of age. Ned alters Robert's will, replacing Joffrey's name with "my rightful heir" to make the succession ambiguous. With the palace in chaos, Ned rebuffs multiple offers to increase his own power, instead opting to crown Robert's brother, Stannis Baratheon, as king. Cersei, however, outmaneuvers Ned, and the duplicitous Littlefinger has the city watch arrest Ned instead of Cersei. With all of his entourage slaughtered, Sansa a hostage and Arya escaped but alone, Ned is charged with treason. A deal is struck in which Ned will be spared and sent into exile if he declares Joffrey the rightful king. Fearing for his daughters, Ned makes a public confession of his "treason". The sadistic Joffrey, however, has Ned executed anyway.

text: Later novels[edit]

text: Ned's arrest pits the Stark and Lannister forces against each other, and his execution causes a civil war later called the War of Five Kings. Tyrion Lannister eventually returns Ned's bones to Catelyn, but it is not confirmed whether they ever arrived at Winterfell.

text: Family tree of House Stark[edit]

text:
[hide]

v
t
e

Descendants of Rickard Stark

Rickard[a]

Lyarra[b]

Brandon[a]

Catelyn
Tully[c]

Eddard[a]

Lyanna[a][d]

Benjen[a]

Robb[c]

Jeyne
Westerling[e]

Sansa[c]

Tyrion
Lannister[f]

Arya[c]

Brandon[c]

Rickon[c]

Jon
Snow[c][d]

Notes:

^ Jump up to: a b c d e Martin, George R. R. (1996). "Chapter 4: Eddard". A Game of Thrones. pp. 36–45. ISBN 978-0-553-89784-5.
Jump up ^ Martin, George R. R.; García Jr., Elio M.; Antonsson, Linda (2014). "Appendix: Stark Lineage". The World of Ice & Fire. ISBN 978-0-553-80544-4.
^ Jump up to: a b c d e f g Martin. "Appendix: House Stark". A Game of Thrones. pp. 785–786.
^ Jump up to: a b In the TV series Game of Thrones, Jon is the son of Rhaegar Targaryen and Lyanna
Jump up ^ Martin, George R. R. (2000). "Chapter 14: Catelyn". A Storm of Swords. pp. 192–193. ISBN 978-0-553-89787-6.
Jump up ^ Martin, George R. R. (2000). "Chapter 28: Sansa". A Storm of Swords. pp. 382–393. ISBN 978-0-553-89787-6.

tag: table

text: TV adaptation[edit]

text: In January 2007 HBO secured the rights to adapt Martin's series for television.[15][16] When the pilot went into production in 2009, one of the first casting announcements was Sean Bean as the "lead" Eddard Stark.[17][18] As the show premiered in 2011, the Los Angeles Times called Bean's Ned "the strong and brooding headliner of the series."[5]

text: As in the source novel, Ned is beheaded in the ninth episode of season 1, "Baelor".[19] Though praising the character's demise for its role in propelling the story, James Hibberd of Entertainment Weekly later noted that:

text: This is probably the first time a U.S. drama series has ever killed off its main character in the first season as part of its master creative plan … it's just … not done. You don't cast a star, put him on bus stops and magazine ads marketing the show, get viewers all invested in his story, and then dump him nine episodes later just because it arguably makes the story a bit more interesting.[14]

text: Hibberd echoed the show's producers' statement that "the move lays down a dramatic precedent for the show: Nobody is safe."[14] He called it a "risky" move that would probably lose the show viewers who had tuned in for Bean, but would hopefully attract others impressed by the boldness of it.[20] Executive producer and writer D. B. Weiss told Entertainment Weekly in 2011 that when he and Benioff pitched the series to HBO, the fact that "main character" Ned was slated to die "was a selling point for them."[13] Noting that the network has killed off characters in other successful series, he said that this sense of jeopardy "completely ups the ante for any moment when a character is in a dire situation if you know another character didn't survive a similar situation."[13] HBO programming president Sue Naegle concurred, saying that Ned's death made the show creatively more attractive, adding that "The book series was filled with unexpected twists and turns. I loved this idea we'd bring together the group of characters, then once you started to believe all the tropes of heroes, you pull the rug out from under them. It's the opposite of feeling manipulated."[2] Noting that the story and world of the series is bigger than any one character, Naegle said, "Sean brings a giant following, but Thrones is not just about the promise you're going to see one of your favorite actors week in and week out. The star is the story."[2] Bean noted that Ned's death "was as much a surprise to me as anyone" and called it "a very courageous move for a television company."[8]

text: The image of Bean as Ned Stark sitting in the Iron Throne is featured on the covers of the 2011 Season 1 DVD and Blu-ray Disc sets, released in March 2012.[21][22]

text: Storylines[edit]

text: In season 1, King Robert Baratheon asks his old friend Eddard "Ned" Stark, Lord of Winterfell and Warden of the North, to assume the position of Hand of the King after the sudden death of their mentor, Jon Arryn. Not interested in politics or the intrigues of the court, Ned accepts out of duty, as well as to discover how Arryn died. Robert is killed just as Ned discovers that his three children by Cersei were actually fathered by the queen's twin, Jaime. Before Ned is able to neutralize Cersei and place Robert's brother Stannis on the throne, he is betrayed by Littlefinger, and the queen has him imprisoned for treason. Ned makes a public confession to save his daughters from Cersei's wrath, but Joffrey has Ned beheaded anyway.[23]

text: In the season 6 episode "Home", Bran sees a vision of Ned (Sebastian Croft) as a child with his sister and brother, Lyanna and Benjen.[24] In the following episode, "Oathbreaker", Bran witnesses the battle between a young Ned (Robert Aramayo) and the knight Ser Arthur Dayne at the Tower of Joy.[25] Finally, in the season finale episode "The Winds of Winter", Bran sees Ned reuniting with a dying Lyanna (Aisling Franciosi) in the tower. She makes him swear to protect her son—Jon Snow.[26][27][28]

text: Recognition and awards[edit]

text: Bean was nominated for a Saturn Award for Best Actor on Television,[29] a Scream Award for Best Fantasy Actor,[30] and an EWwy Award for Best Actor, Drama for the role.[31] IGN named Ned its Best TV Hero of 2011,[32] and Bean won the Portal Award for Best Actor.[33]


document_title: Pale Rider

question_text: where was the movie pale rider with clint eastwood filmed

text: Pale Rider

text: Plot[edit]

text: Outside the snowy mountain town of Lahood, California, thugs working for big-time miner Coy LaHood ride in and destroy the camp of a group of prospectors and their families who have settled to pan for gold in nearby Carbon Canyon. While leaving, they shoot a dog belonging to fourteen-year-old Megan Wheeler. As Megan buries her dog in the woods and prays for a miracle, thunder rolls and a stranger rides down the slopes.

text: Megan's mother, Sarah, is being courted by Hull Barret. When Hull heads to town to pick up supplies, four of the thugs begin to beat him with axe staves but he is rescued by the stranger. Hull invites him to dinner and while the stranger is washing, Hull notices what look like six bullet wounds in his back. Shortly after, he appears wearing a clerical collar and is thereafter called "Preacher".

text: Coy LaHood's son Josh attempts to scare the Preacher off with a show of strength from his giant work-hand, Club, who breaks a large rock in half with a single hammer blow. When Club attempts to attack the Preacher, he hits Club in the face with his hammer and delivers a blow to Club's groin, then gently helps him onto his horse. The miners now team together to smash the rest of the boulder.

text: Meanwhile, Coy LaHood returns from Sacramento and is furious to learn about the Preacher’s arrival, saying that his presence would strengthen the resolve of the tin-panners. Failing to bribe the Preacher into settling in the town instead, LaHood is persuaded to offer the miners $1000 per claim provided they evacuate within 24 hours. LaHood threatens to hire a corrupt Marshal named Stockburn to clear them out if they refuse.

text: The miners initially consider accepting the offer but when Hull reminds them of their purpose and sacrifices, they decide to stay and fight. The next morning, however, the Preacher leaves without notice and retrieves his revolver from a bank box. Meanwhile the miners find that LaHood's men have blown up the creek running through their camp, causing it to dam up. They have a brief discussion but agree to stay and continue mining the now drying creek bed. Megan, who has grown fond of the Preacher, goes looking for him and rides into the Lahood strip mining camp, where Josh attempts to rape her, while his cohorts look on and encourage him. At that moment, the Preacher arrives on horseback and rescues Megan, shooting Josh in the hand in the process.

text: Stockburn and his six deputies arrive at the town and LaHood describes the Preacher to Stockburn, who appears startled and says that he sounds like someone that he once knew, but it couldn't be, since that man was dead. Spider Conway, a miner at the camp, recovers a large gold nugget and rides into town, where he yells drunken abuse at LaHood from the street. After gunning him down, Stockburn tells Spider's sons to tell the Preacher to meet him in town the next morning.

text: The following morning, the Preacher and Hull blow up LaHood's site with dynamite. To stop Hull from following him, the Preacher then scares off Hull's horse and rides into town alone. In the gun fight that follows he kills all but two of LaHood's men and then, one by one, all six of Stockburn’s deputies as they spread through the town searching for him. When he goes face-to-face with Stockburn, the latter recognizes him in disbelief and goes for his gun. The Preacher draws first and shoots him, sending six bullets out through his back, before shooting him in the head. LaHood, watching from his office, aims a rifle at the Preacher, only to be shot and killed by Hull, who enters through a back door.

text: The Preacher nods at Hull and remarks, "Long walk," before galloping toward the snow-capped mountains. Megan now drives into town and shouts her love and thanks after the Preacher. Her words echo through the canyon as he rides off.

text: Cast[edit]

text:
Clint Eastwood as The Preacher
Michael Moriarty as Hull Barret
Carrie Snodgress as Sarah Wheeler
Richard Dysart as Coy LaHood
Chris Penn as Josh LaHood
Sydney Penny as Megan Wheeler
Richard Kiel as Club
Doug McGrath as Spider Conway
Chuck Lafont as Eddie Conway
Jeffrey Weissman as Teddy Conway
John Russell as Marshal Stockburn
S. A. Griffin as Deputy Folke
Jack Radosta as Deputy Grissom
Robert Winley as Deputy Kobold
Billy Drago as Deputy Mather
Jeffrey Josephson as Deputy Sedge
John Dennis Johnston as Deputy Tucker
Charles Hallahan as McGill
Marvin J. McIntyre as Jagou
Fran Ryan as Ma Blankenship
Richard Hamilton as Pa Blankenship
Terrence Evans as Jake Henderson

text: Production[edit]

text: Pale Rider was primarily filmed in the Boulder Mountains and the Sawtooth National Recreation Area in central Idaho, just north of Sun Valley in late 1984.[4] The opening credits scene featured the jagged Sawtooth Mountains south of Stanley. Train-station scenes were filmed in Tuolumne County, California, near Jamestown. Scenes of a more established Gold Rush town (in which Eastwood's character picks up his pistol at a Wells Fargo office) were filmed in the real Gold Rush town of Columbia, also in Tuolumne County, California.[5]

text: Crew[edit]

text:
Clint Eastwood Producer/Director/Star
Lennie Niehaus Composer
Bruce Surtees Director of Photography
Joel Cox Film Editing
Edward Carfagno Production Design
Chuck Gaspar Special Effects
Buddy Van Horn Stunt Coordinator
Jack N. Green Camera Operator
Marcia Reed Still Photographer
Deborah Hopper Costume Designer/Wardrobe : Women

text: Religious themes[edit]

text: In an audio interview, Clint Eastwood said that his character Preacher "is an out-and-out ghost".[6] However, whereas Eastwood's 1973 western, High Plains Drifter resolves its storyline by means of a series of unfolding flashback narratives (although ambiguity still remains), Pale Rider does not include any such obvious clues to the nature and past of the 'Preacher' other than six bullet wound scars on his back. The viewer is left to draw different conclusions regarding the overall story line and its meaning.

text: The movie's title is taken from the Book of Revelation, chapter 6, verse 8: "And I looked, and behold a pale horse: and his name that sat on him was Death, and Hell followed with him." The reading of the biblical passage describing this character is neatly choreographed to correspond with the sudden appearance of the Preacher, who arrived as a result of a prayer from Megan, in which she quoted Psalm 23. Preacher's comment after beating one of the villains is, "Well, the Lord certainly does work in mysterious ways." After the temptation to shift his ministry to the town, Preacher says, "You can't serve God and Mammon, Mammon being money."[7] According to Robert Jewett the film's dialogue parallels Paul the Apostle's teaching on divine retribution (Romans 12:19-21).[7]

text: Reception[edit]

text: Pale Rider was released in the United States in June, 1985, and became the highest grossing western of the 1980s.[8] It was the first mainstream Hollywood western to be produced after the massive financial failure of Heaven's Gate. Borrowing heavily in screenplay and cinematography from George Steven's critically acclaimed 1953 western classic, Shane, Pale Rider received positive reviews, and currently holds a 92% score on Rotten Tomatoes. Roger Ebert praised the film, giving it four out of four stars. Further he stated, "Pale Rider" is, over all, a considerble [sic] achievement, a classic Western of style and excitement." [9]

text: The movie was a success at the North American box office, grossing $41,410,568[10] against a $6,900,000 budget.[11][12]

text: The film was entered into the 1985 Cannes Film Festival.[8][13]

text: Film portal

text: The film is recognized by the American Film Institute in these lists:

text:
2008: AFI's 10 Top 10:

Nominated Western Film[14]


document_title: Gulf of Honduras

question_text: where is the gulf of honduras located on a map

text: Gulf of Honduras

text: The Gulf or Bay of Honduras is a large inlet of the Caribbean Sea, indenting the coasts of Belize, Guatemala, and Honduras. From north to south, it runs for approximately 200 km from Dangriga, Belize, to La Ceiba, Honduras.

text: The inner Gulf of Honduras is lined by the Belize Barrier Reef which forms the southern part of the 900 km long Mesoamerican Barrier Reef System, the second-largest coral reef system in the world. The Belize Barrier Reef includes a number of small islands, called cays, and collectively known as the Pelican Cays.[1]

text: The Gulf of Honduras is marked by complex dynamics of coastal and open waters, and ocean currents, which have produced a very diverse and unique ecosystem with a wide variety of coastal marine waters, including coastline estuaries, barrier beaches, lagoons, intertidal salt marshes, mangrove forests, seagrass beds, keys and barrier reefs.[2]

text: The gulf receives the runoff from the watersheds of 12 rivers with an estimated discharge of 1232 m³ s−1.[3] These rivers include the Moho, Sarstún, Río Dulce, Motagua, and Ulúa. Increased volumes of sediments drained in the Gulf of Honduras pose a threat to its marine ecosystem.[3]

text: Many American anglers visit the Gulf of Honduras[citation needed] to catch the marlin that abound there. Tourists are often taken on boat trips to the Pelican Cays, notably Caye Caulker and Ambergris Caye.

text: In 1961 Hurricane Hattie swept across the Gulf of Honduras, destroying buildings in Belize.

text: The infamous pirate Blackbeard spent the winter of 1717–1718 harassing shipping boats sailing to and from the port of Vera Cruz, Mexico and traversing the Bay of Honduras.[4] In April 1718, at Turneffe Atoll, Blackbeard captured the logwood cutting sloop Adventure and forced its captain, David Herriot, to join him. Blackbeard then made Israel Hands captain of the Adventure and began sailing for North Carolina.[5]


document_title: Colorado Rockies

question_text: when was the last time the rockies made the playoffs

text: Colorado Rockies

text: History[edit]

text: This section does not cite any sources. Please help improve this section by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. (June 2017) (Learn how and when to remove this template message)

text: Denver had long been a hotbed of Denver Bears/Zephyrs Minor League Baseball and many[who?] in the area desired a Major League team.[citation needed] Following the Pittsburgh drug trials, an unsuccessful attempt was made to purchase the Pittsburgh Pirates and relocate them. However, in 1991, as part of Major League Baseball's two-team expansion (along with the Florida (now Miami) Marlins), an ownership group representing Denver led by John Antonucci and Michael I. Monus was granted a franchise; they took the name "Rockies" due to Denver's proximity to the Rocky Mountains, which is reflected in their logo. Monus and Antonucci were forced to drop out in 1992 after Monus' reputation was ruined by an accounting scandal.[citation needed] Trucking magnate Jerry McMorris stepped in at the 11th hour to save the franchise, allowing the team to begin play in 1993. The Rockies shared Mile High Stadium (which had originally been built for the Bears) with the National Football League (NFL)'s Denver Broncos for their first two seasons while Coors Field was constructed. It was completed for the 1995 Major League Baseball season.

text: In 1993, they started play in the Western division of the National League. Since that date, the Rockies have reached the Major League Baseball postseason three times, each time as the National League wild card team. Twice (1995 and 2009) they were eliminated in the first round of the playoffs. In 2007, the Rockies advanced to the World Series, only to be swept by the Boston Red Sox.

text: The Rockies have played their home games at Coors Field since 1995. Their newest Spring training home, Salt River Fields at Talking Stick in Scottsdale, Arizona, opened in March 2011 and is shared with the Arizona Diamondbacks.

text: Season record[edit]

text: Uniform[edit]

text: At the start of the 2012 season, the Rockies introduced "Purple Mondays" in which the team wears its purple uniform every Monday game day.[3][4]

text: Baseball Hall of Famers[edit]

text: No inducted members of the Baseball Hall of Fame have played for or managed the Rockies.

text: Colorado Sports Hall of Fame[edit]

text:
Colorado Rockies in the Colorado Sports Hall of Fame

No.
Name
Position(s)
Seasons
Notes

—
Jerry McMorris
Owner
1992–2005

KSM
Keli McGregor
President
2001–2010
Attended Colorado State University

9, 14
Vinny Castilla
3B
1993–1999
2004, 2006

14
Andrés Galarraga
1B
1993–1997

17
Todd Helton
1B
1997–2013

25
Don Baylor
Manager
1993–1998

33
Larry Walker
RF
1995–2004

text: Individual awards[edit]

text: NL MVP[edit]

text: 1997 – Larry Walker

text: NLCS MVP[edit]

text: 2007 – Matt Holliday

text: NL Rookie of the Year[edit]

text:
In 1998, Todd Helton finished second in Rookie of the Year voting (won by Kerry Wood)
2002 – Jason Jennings
In 2007, Troy Tulowitzki finished second in Rookie of the Year voting (won by Ryan Braun).

text: Silver Slugger Award[edit]

text:
Dante Bichette (1995)
Vinny Castilla (1995, 1997–98)
Andrés Galarraga (1996)
Eric Young (1996)
Ellis Burks (1996)
Larry Walker (1997, 1999)
Mike Hampton (2001–02)
Todd Helton (2000–03)
Matt Holliday (2006–08)
Carlos González (2010, 2015)
Troy Tulowitzki (2010–11)
Michael Cuddyer (2013)
Nolan Arenado (2015–16)
Charlie Blackmon (2016)

text: Hank Aaron Award[edit]

text: 2000 – Todd Helton

text: Gold Glove Award[edit]

text:
Larry Walker (1997–99, 2001–02)
Neifi Pérez (2000)
Todd Helton (2001–02, 2004)
Carlos González (2010, 2012–13)
Troy Tulowitzki (2010–11)
Nolan Arenado (2013–16)
DJ LeMahieu (2014)

text: Manager of the Year Award[edit]

text:
1995 – Don Baylor
2009 – Jim Tracy

text: DHL Hometown Heroes (2006)[edit]

text: Larry Walker – voted by MLB fans as the most outstanding player in the history of the franchise, based on on-field performance, leadership quality and character value

text: Team award[edit]

text:
2007 – Warren Giles Trophy (National League champion)
2007 – Baseball America Organization of the Year

text: Team records (single-game, single-season, career)[edit]

text: Championships[edit]

text:
National League Champions

Preceded by:
St. Louis Cardinals
2007
Succeeded by:
Philadelphia Phillies

National League Wild Card Winners

Preceded by:
None (First)
1995
Succeeded by:
Los Angeles Dodgers

Preceded by:
Los Angeles Dodgers
2007
Succeeded by:
Milwaukee Brewers

Preceded by:
Milwaukee Brewers
2009
Succeeded by:
Atlanta Braves

text: Retired numbers[edit]

text: Todd Helton is the sole Colorado player to have his number (17) retired, which was done on Sunday, August 17, 2014.

text: Jackie Robinson's number, 42, was retired throughout all of baseball in 1997.[5]

text: Keli McGregor had worked with the Rockies since their inception in 1993, rising from senior director of operations to team president in 2002, until his death on April 20, 2010. He is honored at Coors Field alongside Helton and Robinson with his initials.[6]

text:
Todd
Helton
1B
Retired August 17, 2014

Jackie
Robinson
All MLB
Honored April 15, 1997

Keli
McGregor
President
Honored September 28, 2010

text: Current roster[edit]

text:
Colorado Rockies roster

v
t
e

Active roster
Inactive roster
Coaches/Other

Pitchers
Starting rotation

35 Chad Bettis
31 Kyle Freeland
55 Jon Gray
34 Jeff Hoffman
48 Germán Márquez
49 Antonio Senzatela

Bullpen

44 Tyler Anderson
29 Shane Carle
32 Tyler Chatwood
38 Mike Dunn
54 Carlos Estévez
51 Jake McGee
37 Pat Neshek
45 Scott Oberg
 0 Adam Ottavino
60 Zac Rosscup
52 Chris Rusin

Closer

56 Greg Holland

Catchers

30 Ryan Hanigan
21 Jonathan Lucroy
23 Tom Murphy
14 Tony Wolters

Infielders

 2 Alexi Amarista
28 Nolan Arenado
20 Ian Desmond
 9 DJ LeMahieu
24 Ryan McMahon
12 Mark Reynolds
27 Trevor Story
 4 Pat Valaika

Outfielders

19 Charlie Blackmon
 5 Carlos González
 8 Gerardo Parra
 7 Raimel Tapia
 3 Mike Tauchman

Pitchers

62 Yency Almonte
64 Rayan Gonzalez
60 Zach Jemiola

Outfielders

26 David Dahl
25 Jordan Patterson

Manager

10 Bud Black

Coaches

39 Stu Cole (third base)
43 Tony Diaz (first base)
58 Duane Espy (hitting)
36 Steve Foster (pitching)
53 Ron Gideon (coach)
40 Darren Holmes (bullpen)
66 Aaron Muñoz (bullpen catcher)
11 Mike Redmond (bench)
41 Jeff Salazar (assistant hitting)

60-day disabled list

47 Jairo Díaz

35 active, 5 inactive
 7- or 10-day disabled list
 Suspended list
# Personal leave
Roster and coaches updated September 10, 2017
Transactions • Depth chart
→ All MLB rosters

text: Minor league affiliations[edit]

text:
Level
Team
League
Location

AAA
Albuquerque Isotopes
Pacific Coast League
Albuquerque, New Mexico

AA
Hartford Yard Goats
Eastern League
Hartford, Connecticut

Advanced A
Lancaster JetHawks
California League
Lancaster, California

A
Asheville Tourists
South Atlantic League
Asheville, North Carolina

Short Season A
Boise Hawks
Northwest League
Boise, Idaho

Rookie
Grand Junction Rockies
Pioneer League
Grand Junction, Colorado

DSL Rockies
Dominican Summer League
Boca Chica, Santo Domingo, Dominican Republic

text: Radio and television[edit]

text: As of 2010, Rockies' flagship radio station is KOA 850AM, with some late-season games broadcast on KHOW 630 AM due to conflicts with Denver Broncos games. Jerry Schemmel and Jack Corrigan are the radio announcers which both serve as backup TV announcers whenever Drew Goodman is not on the broadcast. The Rockies Radio Network is composed of 38 affiliate stations in eight states.

text: As of 2013, Spanish broadcasts of the Rockies are heard on KNRV 1150 AM.

text: As of 2013, all games are produced and televised by AT&T SportsNet Rocky Mountain. All 150 games produced by AT&T SportsNet Rocky Mountain are broadcast in HD. Jeff Huson, Drew Goodman and George Frazier form the TV broadcast team with Marc Stout, Jenny Cavnar, Ryan Spilborghs, Jason Hirsh and Cory Sullivan handling the pre-game and post-game shows.


document_title: Tig Trager

question_text: who does tig hate in sons of anarchy

question_tokens: who does tig hate in sons of anarchy

text: Tig Trager

text: Biography[edit]

text: Not much is mentioned about Trager's past, but it is likely that he is a native of Charming and that he has served time in prison. It is explained in a behind-the-scenes video from Season One that he was a U.S. Marine.[2] He is in his late 40s or early 50s and was the Sergeant-at-Arms of the Sons of Anarchy Motorcycle Club's Mother Chapter, the responsibilities of which include: to ensure proper employment, defense, and enforcement of club rules, charter bylaws, and chapter decrees, and imposition of penalties for violations thereof are observed, executed, and fulfilled. His "day job" is working as a mechanic at the Teller-Morrow Automotive Repair shop, and he is often used by the gang to carry out killings. He has two daughters, named Dawn and Fawn, whom he sees a couple of times each year.[3] He suffers from acute pediophobia, a fear of dolls, which Sons of Anarchy creator Kurt Sutter actually has. In the Season One episode "Old Bones", he explicitly says that he is a necrophiliac, and describes to Clay what he likes about it, while at the morgue. It remains unclear whether Tig was being serious, or simply used the opportunity to enhance his reputation for embracing the gruesome and the macabre. Several times he is hinted to have a proclivity for other paraphilias. Despite a perhaps depraved love of violence, Tig also shows sensitivity when it comes to women, children, and animals, taking revenge against those who exploit them. In season 5, Tig becomes a pet owner after rescuing an American Pit Bull Terrier who lost her fight, from being shot. Tig is frequently employed in situations where the use of violence is needed. Far from shying away, Tig actually seems to enjoy and covet his position as an enforcer, relishing the art of dirty fighting and the use of sudden, vicious, and often extreme violence. A trademark tactic is for him to bite off a piece of flesh from a rival during a fight.[citation needed]

text: Season One[edit]

text: Season One began with the Sons of Anarchy finding their weapon storage warehouse being burned down. When they arrived at the scene, police were already investigating. Gun parts and the corpses of two illegal immigrants were found inside. Later that night, all of the chapter's members attend a meeting ("Church"), where they are informed that it was the Mayans, a rival biker gang, who destroyed the warehouse and that they are now storing the guns in San Leandro. They decide they will ride out to San Leandro the next night and steal the weapons back. Clay, Jax, Chibs and Tig all go to the industrial storage warehouse in San Leandro and locate the guns but are interrupted by four men who turn up in a car outside. Clay and Tig take care of the men, three of whom are Mayans. The other man, Whistler, is a member of the Nordics. Whistler tries to shoot Jax in the back, but the bullets hit Jax's vest. Jax shoots back and kills Whistler. The group then take the weapons, bomb the warehouse, and flee.[4]

text: When they arrive back in Charming, Tig comes forth and tells Clay that the bodies of two women found at the warehouse were Mexican prostitutes, that he had been having sex with them and allowed them to stay in the warehouse as they had nowhere else to go, and that his DNA is in the police database. Clay orders Tig and Bobby Munson, the club's Treasurer, to get rid of the bodies by any means necessary. The pair then retrieve the corpses from the police site and burn them in a furnace at the local morgue. Unexpectedly, Tig says a heartfelt prayer over their bodies.[5]

text: When local businessman Elliot Oswald went to the Sons of Anarchy and asked them to find the man who raped his 13-year-old daughter, they quickly agreed. When the gang find that the man is one of the carnies from the nearby traveling carnival, they go there, retrieve the rapist, torture and murder him. Tig proved to be a capable fighter during the brawl with the carnies, and showed off his psychotic side by biting a man's ear off.[6]

text: When a Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, Firearms and Explosives agent arrived in Charming and began investigating the club, they moved their weapons to Indian Hills, Nevada, where their brother club, the Devil's Tribe, is based. Tig and Juice Ortiz were stuck with the task of stealing a truck to transport the guns in. Juice drugged the guard dogs of the truck yard with crystal meth and then broke in. The drugs only made the dogs more fierce, however, and they pursued Tig aggressively as he made his way to the truck. When Juice wanted to shoot the dogs, Tig prevented their death by drugging them properly. When Tig and Juice arrived at the Devil's Tribe clubhouse, they were extremely disappointed that they had missed the party. Clay knew of Tig's fondness for women, however, and set him up with three women for sex. The next day, the Mayans attacked the clubhouse, and Tig and the others fought them off with a shotgun.[7]

text: Otto Delaney and a number of other imprisoned SAMCRO members have been protecting Chuck in Stockton prison. He is wanted by the Triads because he stole money from them, then informed on a number of their members when he was arrested. When Clay and Jax went to visit Otto in prison, he told them that if they protected Chuck when he was released, he would inform them where the Triads keep their money. They agreed and sent Bobby and Tig to pick him up from prison and bring him to the clubhouse. SAMCRO intended on waiting until the restaurant, where the money is stored, was closed until they raided it, but Chuck's frequent unconscious masturbating was unbearable for them and they decided to raid the restaurant straight away. However, just after they stole the money and some counterfeiting plates, the Triads turned up. Instead of starting a war, Clay decided to make a deal; SAMCRO handed over Chuck and the plates, and the Triads let them keep the stolen money. Meanwhile, Kyle Hobart, a disgraced former SAMCRO member, went to Jax and asked him if the Sons wanted in on his deal selling stolen car parts. Jax accepted and invited him to the clubhouse that night. This was a set-up, however, to punish him for not having his SOA tattoo removed after being disowned by the club. At the clubhouse, they tied him up and Tig carried out the task of removing the tattoo, using a blowtorch.[8]

text: Workmen working for the Water and Power Board near the highway dug up three skeletons, two of which were Mayans killed in the war of 1992. The other was Lowell Harland, Sr., a Teller-Morrow mechanic. He was killed for being a "junkie rat". To stop the bodies from being identified, Tig, Clay and Jax broke into the local morgue and were prepared to steal the bones. However, the corpses had already been identified. In the morgue, Tig told Clay that he has had sex with corpses.[9]

text: He, Bobby and Piney started a brawl at a local bar, in order to distract the police. This then gave Jax and Opie a chance to break into the police station and free Cherry, who had been arrested.[10]

text: After the clubhouse was raided and Bobby was arrested for the murder of Brenan Hefner, because Jax covered up the fact that Opie froze and the hit did not go off as planned, Tig and Clay suspected Opie of being the witness who identified him. It was another person who witnessed the hit because of Opie's mistake, but it would not have been possible for her to see this if the original plan had gone down. Clay and Tig met with Rosen, the club's attorney, who told them that ATF had details that only club members would know and to get more evidence ATF might wire him. When Opie turned up at the clubhouse, Tig checked his truck for bugs and found a microphone. He also found a recording device in his mobile phone. Both were planted by the ATF without Opie's knowledge. Clay and Tig then decided to kill him.

text: Tig and Clay met with Laroy, the leader of the One-Niners to make a deal. They agreed that SAMCRO would set up a meeting with the Mayans and sell them some guns, and after the Sons left, the Niners would take out the Mayans and keep the guns as payment. However, the Niners attacked during the deal and tried to kill both the SOA and the Mayans. During the shoot-out, Tig attempted to kill Opie by shooting him in the back of the head, but found himself unable to do so. Later that night, a celebration was held as Jax's baby son was released from the hospital. As Opie and his wife, Donna, left the party, they decided to switch cars. Opie took Donna's car to drive his children home, and Donna took Opie's pick-up truck. Believing Opie was driving, Tig followed the pick-up in an SUV (which he had stolen from a car park of a local bar) and shot Donna with a MAC-10. In order to make it look like a ghetto-style shooting, he removed his colors and wore a balaclava. He left his mobile phone with his bike and vest, so when Clay tried to phone him and tell him not to make the hit, after Wayne Unser informed him that Opie was not a snitch, he did not get the message.[11]

text: Rosen met with SAMCRO and told them the ATF had put a warrant out for Opie's arrest, and he would most likely get convicted of Hefner's murder because of the witness. Tig went with Clay and Juice to meet with Vic Trammel and offered him money to reveal the witness's location. Trammell didn't know, however, so they went to Elliot Oswald. They again blackmailed him with the knife that Clay used to kill the rapist that had Oswald's fingerprints on it from earlier in the season, this time to get his friends in the US Attorney's office to tell him the witness's case number and location. While waiting for Oswald to return with the information, Tig told Clay why he couldn't kill Opie at the Mayan meeting. Clay then sent Chibs, Happy and Tig to kill the witness, who was at a safe house in San Joaquin. Two sheriffs and a female ATF agent were guarding the house, but the SoA members managed to knock them unconscious and break in. Tig initially had doubts about killing the witness when he saw that she was a teenage girl, and Happy volunteered to do it instead, but Tig eventually stepped up. However, just before he shot her, Jax came in and stopped him from doing it at gunpoint. Jax told Chibs and Happy to leave and threatened the witness into leaving the state. He then beat up Tig for killing Donna. Season One ended at Donna's funeral the next day, which was attended by Sons of Anarchy from all over the country. There, Jax, and the rest of SAMCRO stared at each other and it was plain to see the club was coming apart from inside.[12]

text: Season Two[edit]

text: In episode two, Tig is involved in a fight with a pornographer' bodyguards as the club becomes partners with Luann. The very end of the episode, the audience is specifically shown Tig watching Gemma intently. He adores Gemma and appears to perceive that there is something very wrong with her. Jax and Clay are preoccupied with their own problems and have not realized that a woman as strong as Gemma should not be so shocked and disturbed by (what she said was) a car crash. Gemma has told none of the SOA members that she was gang raped by the white separatist group L.O.A.N (League of American Nationalists) so that Clay and Jax would not do anything rash. The club members all seem to believe the car crash story, except for Tig who obviously suspects that someone did something terrible to her. He is caught by bounty hunters for a warrant for him in Oregon for assault and public nudity. He's later rescued by Jax, Chibs, Happy, Half Sack, and Piney.

text: Tig is shown to feel some remorse for mistakenly killing Opie's wife Donna. In one scene, he attempts to reach out emotionally and comfort Opie by telling him about a girlfriend he had lost years before.

text: He shows sympathy again later in the season 2, when the Triads offer to give Chuck Marstein back to SAMCRO, but Clay refuses. Knowing the Triads will just kill Chuck, Tig shows a sudden soft side and offers to help him and set him up as the bookkeeper at Luann's studio. Clay looks surprised, but lets it go.

text: In episode "Balm", Tig eats hallucinogenic mushrooms and is seen in a field crying and apologizing to a small Native American doll.

text: In the episode "Service", the audience sees Tig in his deepest depression yet: while he is at the Morrow house getting guns, Gemma comes out in a bathrobe after her shower and says hello. Tig gives her an affectionate hug and a kiss. Gemma goes to a closet to get her guns to donate, reaching up to a top shelf. Tig offers to get the box down for her, but accidentally knocks it to the ground. While he is on his knees to pick up the fallen boxes, Gemma makes advances towards him, which he returns. They briefly grope each other and kiss, but after seeing a picture of Jax and Tommy as children at the beach, Tig refuses to do anything that might hurt Gemma or her family, presumably out of loyalty to both Gemma and Clay. Later in the episode, he also reveals to Opie that it was he who killed Donna after Stahl set him up as a rat, and he lets Opie beat him up. Close to the end of "Service," Tig tells Clay that Gemma just needs to know her husband still wants her.

text: In the episode "The Culling", Tig is shown to have a bad relationship with a member of the Tacoma chapter of the Sons of Anarchy. During the big fight at the end of the episode, he again showed his crazy side when he bit a member of A.J. Weston's gang on the face.

text: Season Three[edit]

text: To start season three, Tig has accompanied Gemma while she is on the run from the law. He escorts her to her dementia-addled father's home. While there Tig has sex with the father's live-in caretaker, during which the man's dementia causes him to shoot Tig in the shoulder with a rifle, injuring but not killing him. Back in Charming, SAMCRO vote on whether or not to accept Happy and Kozik as members of SAMCRO. Everyone accepts Happy, but because of Tig's vote Kozik can't transfer. This results in a fight between Tig and Kozik. Despite their dislike for each other Tig and Kozik are able to work together, and they successfully kill a possible snitch as a favor for the Mayans MC. When Gemma escapes from police custody, Tig openly volunteers to not go to Belfast, so he can create a distraction for the police by having them chase him across county lines in a Teller-Morrow tow truck so that the rest of SAMCRO can get to the airport. Tig is caught and imprisoned for his stunt, but Tara bails him out of county jail. Wayne Unser tells Tig that his driver's license will be suspended for two years, which may be good for Kozik since a member can't vote if he can't ride for any reason. Clay and Jax are both in Belfast with most of SAMCRO trying to find Jax's son, so Tig is in charge since he is one of Clay's lieutenants. But he shows poor judgment when he leaves an untested prospect to protect one of the club's most loyal supporters, Lumpy. Kozik says, in the next episode, that one of them is going to end up killed with Tig in charge. Despite the hate between them they appear to grow closer.

text: When Salazar kidnaps Tara and demands that the club kill Alveraz and give him $250,000, Kozik suggests they ask Alvarez to play dead for a day. Tig follows his play, because there was no other option. Alveraz agrees to play dead for a day, but they still need to get the money. When Stahl and Unser offer to help the club find Tara, Tig is less than willing to accept, because of law enforcement's dragging their feet to find Abel. But Tig accepts their help because they need the money to get Tara. When ATF gives the ransom money Tig, following orders from Salazar, puts it into a trash can in the park. Kids on bicycles see this and decide to steal it. Tig and one of the undercover ATF agents chase them down, Salazar spots the agent and drives on when he realizes law enforcement is there. Stahl blames Tig and Kozik tries to explain to her that Tig was only protecting the drop. Stahl still says it is Tig's fault things went wrong and Tig tries to attack her, but the SOA brothers stop him and calm him down. Knowing Jax and the rest of SAMCRO will be back soon, Tig has no other choice than to call Jax and tell him what happened. When the rest of the club gets back from Belfast they begin to look for Tara, and Tig and Kozik are seen acting friendly with each other.

text: After Tara is safe, the club sits down to discuss a new business opportunity with the IRA. The IRA are prepared to give the SOA more guns to sell in exchange for killing Jimmy O. But because the most of SAMCRO is going to have to go to prison for the federal gun charges during one of their attack on Zobelle, they have to vote to allow members to transfer. Since some members will have to be voted in after they are in jail, they need to vote one in right then and there and it has to be Kozik. Tig still can't find it in himself to get past their bad relationship.

text: Later, Tig and Kozik talk, and Tig tells Kozik to come back when he's in jail and let the new SAMCRO member vote him in. Kozik doesn't want that, feeling it is the wrong thing to do, but he does stay and helps SAMCRO finish things, which Tig appreciates. It is revealed that the root of conflict is a dog named Missy. In the season finale, Tig is at a big celebration breakfast at the clubhouse. The club is trying to find a way to get their hands on Jimmy. It is discovered that it will cost $2 million which the club does not have. Chuck gives the club boxes of counterfeit money. Tig is so happy about that he offers to lend Chuck his hand to masturbate. After the club gets $250,000 to mask the fake money, they get Jimmy from the Russians. But they go on a chase after the Russians realize the money is fake. After they take Jimmy back to the garage, ATF arrives and takes him into custody. It is then revealed that Jax has made a deal with Stahl. Tig shows great disgust to learn of the deal, and once the club is in a van to be taken to jail, Tig and the rest of SAMCRO give Jax a look of hatred and betrayal; but it is discovered that this was all an act and the deal was a trap orchestrated by the club to kill Stahl and Jimmy. When it is complete the club laughs out of happiness for the end result.

text: Season Four[edit]

text: Throughout season 4, Tig feels as if Clay doesn't trust him, as Clay never wants Tig by him on runs. In the episode "Call of Duty", after Tig sees Gemma beaten up at the hands of Clay, he turns in his Sergeant-at-Arms patch. He eventually confronts Clay with the fact that he has been shutting out the club and making decisions without their approval. Later on, Tig is shown in "Burnt and Purged Away" to have apparently given up on Clay and SAMCRO, refusing Clay's request for "another guy with a gun" with obvious indifference. However, that night when Clay is gunned down by Opie, the members are told it was done by two black men. Tig, feeling remorse for turning his back on his brother, takes responsibility for what happened and seeks Laroy (of the Niners) for retaliation. In a nervous frenzy, he runs down Laroy as he is having dinner outside of a restaurant. Tig misses Laroy, and instead hits Leroy's date (who happens to be the daughter of the most dangerous gangster in town, Damon Pope). Tig is then tailed by the Niners and Laroy, until the SOA meet up with him on the highway and escape. Tig is seen in the finale sitting at Clay's hospital bedside, as he continues to feel remorse for what happened. At the end of the finale, when Jax steps in as president of the club, Jax appoints Chibs as Sergeant-at-Arms. While Tig hoped to be reinstated as Sergeant-at-Arms, and is visibly upset by this, he accepts Jax's decision.

text: Season Five[edit]

text: While on an arms run for the IRA, the club is intercepted by a group of rogue Niners. The truck is flipped over and ends up being unsalvageable, but luckily the guns are saved, as is Phil, who was driving. Tig and the rest of SAMCRO delay retaliation in favor of meeting with Pope, as arranged by their contacts in the Galindo Cartel.

text: The night after the meet with Pope's associate (and after being reassured that any beef between the gang and SAMCRO was settled) Tig gets a phone call about his daughter Dawn. He is informed that she was stopped on DUI charges in Oakland, but will be released if her father picks her up. Upon arriving in the same train yard where Pope was previously revealed to be hiding the dead body of Niner leader, Laroy, Tig realizes that he was set up. The police officer, actually a corrupt cop with Oakland PD, cuffs Tig to a pipe, giving him a few feet of chain so as to move relatively freely. When Pope shows up, he reveals that he learned Tig was driving the car that killed his daughter at the cafe. Pope then has his associates open up the oil pit, revealing Tig's daughter Dawn is lying in the pit, unconscious. Pope's men begin pouring gasoline over the bodies in the pit, causing Dawn to wake up. She starts crying, "Daddy", as Tig tugs and pulls at his chain, screaming to be released and for Pope to kill him instead. Mr. Pope turns to Tig and says, "Know my pain, Mr. Trager", as he throws his cigar, lighting the pit on fire. Tig is forced to listen and watch his daughter burn to death. When the fire is out, Pope leaves Tig and the corrupt cop behind to wait for a "cleaner" to come and sanitize the crime scene, after which the corrupt cop is supposed to take Tig to the police station. Before he leaves, however, Pope warns Tig not to mention anything about the incident to anyone lest he wants his other daughter to suffer, as well. When the "cleaner" arrives and enters the pit to begin disposing of the evidence, and the corrupt officer is distracted, Tig manages to manipulate his chained wrists from behind his back to his front. Tig disables the corrupt cop with a quick, unexpected blow. He uses his chains to garrote the officer, then uses the officer's sidearm to shoot the "cleaner" to death. The last that is seen of Tig in the premiere episode is him sobbing at the sight of his daughter's body.

text: Tig is later found by Jax, Chibs, and Bobby. They go to find Fawn to protect her from Pope. Following an altercation with a black man Tig believes is raping her, Tig reveals what happened to Dawn. Fawn states that she hates him, but Jax convinces her boyfriend to get her out of town. The three of them are later arrested when witnesses, bought by Pope, identify Tig in Veronica Pope's murder and Jax and Chibs in the highway shooting of one of the Niners. Opie meets them at the clubhouse and assaults Roosevelt so he can accompany them.

text: While the SOA's relationship with the Galindo cartel gives them protection from the black prison population, Jax later meets with Pope, who demands a dead Son for the cop and Niner they killed. Tig volunteers himself, but Jax reveals that Pope wants him to stay inside prison, forever. Opie then punches the guard and is put into "the box" to fight to the death. The other three Sons watch as he is overwhelmed and beaten to death. Jax later tells Tig he talked to Pope and he is coming out with them. When Tig thanks Jax, he replies that now Tig must always back his deals and vote with him, and Tig gives his word that he will. He is shown to have been good to his word voting in Pope's offer to help them mule their cocaine and the Club entering the "escort business" with Nero Padilla. In "To Thine Own Self" Clay meets with Tig telling him he missed having him at his side and will always have a spot open for him. Tig refuses stating that Clay broke up their friendship and leaves. When Jax reveal a new deal allowing the Club to leave the cartel by delegating the muling and gun-running to the Mayans and Triads respectively, Tig votes yes and is shown to have a new level of respect and admiration for Jax.

text: In the season finale, Jax takes Tig to a garage in the middle of nowhere to allow Pope to murder him per their deal. After Pope takes Tig inside to avoid any noise, Jax pulls out a silenced pistol and shoots Pope's men before cornering Pope in the garage. Jax then hands Tig the gun and tells him to "kill the man who burned your kid alive". Pope warns them about what would happen to whoever kills him, but regardless Tig executes him with two bullets to the head and gets his revenge for Dawn's death. Jax then reveals the gun they used is Clay's and he will be framed for the murder. Right after this, Tig breaks down crying in Jax's arms, in final grief for his daughter. Tig is last seen at the clubhouse with his dog, laughing and in peace of mind.

text: Season Six[edit]

text: Tig was passed over for the Sergeant at Arms position in favor of Happy. He is one of the Sons who helps shut down a torture porn studio. When he returns to cut the director loose, he threatens to put Tig's daughter in one of his movies, Tig loses his temper and drowns him in a tub of urine. At the end of the episode, he later drops the body in a cage into a bay. This later causes problems with his brother and their crew, but it is resolved by Jax. He remains a possible loose end as August tells Jax that once Clay is killed he needs to deliver Trager a deal he already backed out of once. After settling the beef with the director's brother, Tig is told by Jax to go back to the warehouse and wait for the prospects to pick him up. At the end of the episode, he is met by August and his men.

text: The next episode shows Tig is okay and was merely told to deliver a message. He is shaken by the encounter and has doubts about his relationship with Jax. He later poses as Rat's father to feign interest in joining with a Neo-Nazi band who attacked Unser (showing his pain by relating how he watched "a bunch of niggers burn his daughter alive"). They later return and wipe them out with KG-9's. He later aids Jax and SAMCRO in freeing and killing Clay as well as Galen. They then negotiate for August Marks to take over the gun business from the Irish. August states with this, Tig is clear of all trouble with his crew.

text: Season Seven[edit]

text: In season 7 Jax, after being voted to "meet Mr. Mayhem" for killing the SOA Indian Hills president, Jury White, hands over SAMCRO's presidency to Chibs, and Tig is promoted to Vice President. Also this season, Tig strengthens his romantic relationship with transgender woman Venus Van Dam.


document_title: Carnoustie Golf Links

question_text: when was the open last held at carnoustie

text: Carnoustie Golf Links

text: History[edit]

text: Golf is recorded as having been played at Carnoustie in the early 16th century. In 1890, the 14th Earl of Dalhousie, who owned the land, sold the links to the local authority. It had no funds to acquire the property, and public fundraising was undertaken and donated to the council. The original course was of ten holes, crossing and recrossing the Barry Burn; it was designed by Allan Robertson, assisted by Old Tom Morris, and opened in 1842.[1] The opening of the coastal railway from Dundee to Arbroath in 1838 brought an influx of golfers from as far afield as Edinburgh, anxious to tackle the ancient links. This led to a complete restructuring of the course, extended in 1867 by Old Tom Morris to the 18 holes which had meanwhile become standardized. Young Tom Morris won a major open event there that same year. Two additional courses have since been added: the Burnside Course and the shorter though equally testing Buddon Links.

text: Carnoustie first played host to The Open Championship in 1931, after modifications to the course by James Braid in 1926. The winner then was Tommy Armour, from Edinburgh.

text: Later Open winners at Carnoustie include Henry Cotton of England in 1937, Ben Hogan of the USA in 1953, Gary Player of South Africa in 1968, Tom Watson of the USA in 1975, Paul Lawrie of Scotland in 1999 and Pádraig Harrington of Ireland in 2007. The last three championships were all won in playoffs.

text: The Championship course was modified significantly (but kept its routing used since 1926) prior to the 1999 Open, with all bunkers being rebuilt, many bunkers both added and eliminated, many green complexes expanded and enhanced, and several new tees being built. A large hotel was also built behind the 18th green of the Championship course.[2]

text: The Amateur Championship was first hosted by Carnoustie in 1947; the winner was Willie Turnesa. The world's oldest amateur event has returned three times since: 1966 (won by Bobby Cole), 1971 (won by Steve Melnyk), and 1992 (won by Stephen Dundas).

text: The British Ladies Amateur was first hosted by Carnoustie in 1973, and also in 2012.

text: The Senior Open Championship was held at Carnoustie for the first time in 2010, with Germany's Bernhard Langer winning. The Women's British Open was held here for the first time in 2011; the winner was Yani Tseng.

text: Carnoustie is one of the three courses hosting the Alfred Dunhill Links Championship, an autumn event on the European Tour; the others are the Old Course at St Andrews and Kingsbarns.

text: The Golf Channel's reality series The Big Break, in which aspiring golfers compete for exemptions on professional tours and other prizes, filmed its fourth season at Carnoustie in 2005. As that year also saw the Ryder Cup at The K Club in Ireland, that year's show was based around a US vs Europe theme, with the two teams competing for European Tour exemptions.

text: In North America, the course is infamously nicknamed "Car-nasty," due to its famous difficulty, especially under adverse weather conditions. Carnoustie is considered by many to be the most difficult course in the Open rota, and one of the toughest courses in the world.

text: The term Carnoustie effect dates from the 1999 Open, when the world's best players, many of whom were reared on manicured and relatively windless courses, were frustrated by the unexpected difficulties of the Carnoustie links, which was compounded by the weather. One much-fancied young favourite, a 19-year-old Sergio García of Spain, went straight from the course to his mother's arms crying after shooting 89 and 83 in the first two rounds.[3] The Carnoustie effect is defined as "that degree of mental and psychic shock experienced on collision with reality by those whose expectations are founded on false assumptions." This being a psychological term, it can of course apply to disillusionment in any area of activity, not just in golf.

text: The 1999 Open Championship is best remembered for the collapse of French golfer Jean van de Velde, who needed only a double-bogey six on the 72nd hole to win the Open—and proceeded to score a triple-bogey seven, tying Paul Lawrie and 1997 champion Justin Leonard at 290 (+6). Lawrie won the four-hole aggregate playoff and the championship.

text: The Open Championship was once again contested at Carnoustie in July 2007. The eight-year absence was far shorter than the lengthy 24 years it took to return to Carnoustie, between 1975 and 1999. Harrington triumphed over García in a four-hole playoff. The 18th hole once again proved itself among the most dramatic and exciting in championship golf. Harrington had a one-shot lead over García as he approached the final hole in the fourth round, but proceeded to put not one but two shots into the Barry Burn, on his way to a double-bogey 6. García, playing in the final pairing of the day, reached the 18th with a one-shot lead over Harrington, but bogeyed the hole after missing a putt from just under ten feet away, setting up the playoff. In the four-hole playoff, which ended on the 18th, Harrington took no chances with a two-shot lead on the 18th; his bogey was enough to defeat García by one shot.

text: The Open Championship will return to Carnoustie in 2018.[4]

text: On January 17, 2014, it was announced that Carnoustie Golf Links - which operates the six publicly owned courses, including the Championship Course - had appointed its first-ever female chairman, Pat Sawers.[5]

text: The Open Championship[edit]

text: This is a list of The Open Championship champions at Carnoustie Golf Links:

text:
Year
Winner
Score
Winner's
share (£)

R1
R2
R3
R4
Total

1931
 Tommy Armour
73
75
77
71
296 (+8)
100

1937
 Henry Cotton 2nd
74
72
73
71
290 (+6)
100

1953
 Ben Hogan
73
71
70
68
282 (−6)
500

1968
 Gary Player 2nd
74
71
71
73
289 (+1)
3,000

1975
 Tom Watson 1st
71
67
69
72
279 (−9) PO
7,500

1999
 Paul Lawrie
73
74
76
67
290 (+6) PO
350,000

2007
 Pádraig Harrington 1st
69
73
68
67
277 (−7) PO
750,000

2018
19–22 July

text: Note: For multiple winners of The Open Championship, superscript ordinal identifies which in their respective careers.

text: The Women's British Open[edit]

text: Winner of the Women's British Open at Carnoustie Golf Links.

text:
Year
Winner
Score

R1
R2
R3
R4
Total

2011
 Yani Tseng 2nd
71
66
66
69
272 (−16)

text: The Senior British Open[edit]

text: Winner of The Senior Open Championship at Carnoustie Golf Links.

text:
Year
Winner
Score

R1
R2
R3
R4
Total

2010
 Bernhard Langer
67
71
69
72
279 (−5)

2016
 Paul Broadhurst
75
66
68
68
277 (−11)

text: Course[edit]

text:
Carnoustie Golf Links - Championship Course
2007 Open Championship

text:
Hole
Name
Yards
Par

Hole
Name
Yards
Par

1
Cup
406
4

10
South America
466
4

2
Gulley
463
4
11
John Philp
383
4

3
Jockie's Burn
358
4
12
Southward Ho
499
4

4
Hillocks
412
4
13
Whins
176
3

5
Brae
415
4
14
Spectacles
514
5

6
Hogan's Alley
578
5
15
Lucky Slap
472
4

7
Plantation
410
4
16
Barry Burn
248
3

8
Short
183
3
17
Island
461
4

9
Railway
478
4
18
Home
499
4

Out
3,703
36
In
3,718
35

Total
7,421
71

text: Lengths of the course for previous Opens (since 1950):[6]

text:
1999: 7,361 yards (6,731 m), par 71
1975: 7,065 yards (6,460 m), par 72
1968: 7,252 yards (6,631 m), par 72
1953: 6,701 yards (6,127 m), par 72

text: The 12th hole was played as a par-5 through 1975.

text: Length of the course for Women's British Open

text: 2011: 6,490 yards (5,934 m), par 72

text: Length of the course for Senior Open Championship

text:
2016: 7,345 yards (6,716 m), par 72
2010: 7,197 yards (6,581 m), par 71

text: Course record[edit]

text: The course record is 63, achieved by:

text:
Player
Country
Tournament
Date

Tommy Fleetwood
 England
Alfred Dunhill Links Championship
6 Oct 2017


document_title: National Youth Service Corps

question_text: what is the age limit for nysc in nigeria

text: National Youth Service Corps

text: Operation[edit]

text: Corps members are posted to cities far from their city of origin. They are expected to mix with people of other tribes, social and family backgrounds, to learn the culture of the indigenes in the place they are posted to. This action is aimed at bringing about unity in the country and to help youths appreciate other ethnic groups. There is an "orientation" period of approximately three weeks spent in a military controlled boot "camp" away from family and friends. There is also a "passing out ceremony" at the end of the year and primary assignment followed by one month of vacation.

text: Merit[edit]

text: Nigerian Graduates are ineligible for employment in governmental establishments (and few private establishments) till they have completed the mandatory one year service. Graduates who are exempted from the service include those above the age of thirty (30) and those with physical disability, therefore completing the service year entitles one to employment. During the service year, Corps members have the opportunity of learning of the cultures of other people, an opportunity many Nigerians never get in their lifetime. The program has also helped in creating entry-level jobs for many Nigerian youth. An NYSC forum dedicated to the NYSC members was built to bridge the gap amongst members serving across Nigeria and also an avenue for corpers to share job information and career resources as well as getting loans from the National Directorate Of Employment.

text: Objectives of the scheme[edit]

text: The objectives of the National Youth Service Corps Scheme are clearly spelt out in Decree No.51 of 16th June 1993 as follows To inculcate discipline in Nigerian youths by instilling in them a tradition of industry at work, and of patriotic and loyal service to Nigeria in any situation they may find themselves. To raise the moral tone of the Nigerian youths by giving them the opportunity to learn about higher ideals of national achievement, social and cultural improvement To develop in the Nigerian youths the attitudes of mind, acquired through shared experience and suitable training. which will make them more amenable to mobilisation in the national interest To enable Nigerian youths acquire the spirit of self reliance by encouraging them to develop skills for self employment To contribute to the accelerated growth of the national economy To develop common ties among the Nigerian youths and promote national unity and integration To remove prejudices, eliminate ignorance and confirm at first hand the many similarities among Nigerians of all ethnic groups To develop a sense of corporate existence and common destiny of the people of Nigeria. The equitable distribution of members of the service corps and the effective utilisation of their skills in area of national needs That as far as possible, youths are assigned to jobs in States other than their States of origin That such group of youths assigned to work together is as representative of Nigeria as far as possible That the Nigerian youths are exposed to the modes of living of the people in different parts of Nigeria That the Nigerian youths are encouraged to eschew religious intolerance by accommodating religious differences That members of the service corps are encouraged to seek at the end of their one year national service, career employment all over Nigeria, thus promoting the free movement of labour That employers are induced partly through their experience with members of the service corps to employ more readily and on a permanent basis, qualified Nigerians, irrespective of their States of origin

text: Demerit[edit]

text: The program has been met with serious criticism by a large portion of the country. The NYSC members have complained of being underpaid, paid late or not paid at all.[4] Several youths carrying out the NYSC program have been killed in the regions where they were sent due to religious violence, ethnic violence or political violence.[5] Asides the issue of security, many have wondered the continued importance of the scheme and have called for a dialogue in this regard. Many cite the fact that the program has failed to achieve any of its set out objectives. They simply see it as a waste of time and a waste of Nigeria's resources. Some even argue that the program is a conduit for massive corruption, while others see it as government providing cheap labour for schools and its other agencies.