document_title: The House of the Rising Sun

question_text: who recorded house of the rising sun first

text: The House of the Rising Sun

text: Origin and early versions[edit]

text: Origin[edit]

text: Like many classic folk ballads, "The House of the Rising Sun" is of uncertain authorship. Musicologists say that it is based on the tradition of broadside ballads, and thematically it has some resemblance to the 16th-century ballad The Unfortunate Rake.[4] According to Alan Lomax, "Rising Sun" was used as the name of a bawdy house in two traditional English songs, and it was also a name for English pubs.[5] He further suggested that the melody might be related to a 17th-century folk song, "Lord Barnard and Little Musgrave", also known as "Matty Groves",[6][7] but a survey by Bertrand Bronson showed no clear relationship between the two songs.[8] Lomax proposed that the location of the house was then relocated from England to New Orleans by white southern performers.[5] However, Vance Randolph proposed an alternative French origin, the "rising sun" referring to the decorative use of the sunburst insignia dating to the time of Louis XIV, which was brought to North America by French immigrants.[8]

text: "House of Rising Sun" was said to have been known by miners in 1905.[6] The oldest published version of the lyrics is that printed by Robert Winslow Gordon in 1925, in a column "Old Songs That Men Have Sung" in Adventure Magazine.[9] The lyrics of that version begin:[9][10]

text: There is a house in New Orleans, it's called the Rising Sun

text: It's been the ruin of many a poor girl

text: The oldest known recording of the song, under the title "Rising Sun Blues", is by Appalachian artists Clarence "Tom" Ashley and Gwen Foster, who recorded it for Vocalion Records on September 6, 1933.[6][11] Ashley said he had learned it from his grandfather, Enoch Ashley. Roy Acuff, an "early-day friend and apprentice" of Ashley's, learned it from him and recorded it as "Rising Sun" on November 3, 1938.[6][11] Several older blues recordings of songs with similar titles are unrelated, for example, "Rising Sun Blues" by Ivy Smith (1927) and "The Risin' Sun" by Texas Alexander (1928).[5]

text: The song was among those collected by folklorist Alan Lomax, who, along with his father, was a curator of the Archive of American Folk Song for the Library of Congress. On an expedition with his wife to eastern Kentucky, Lomax set up his recording equipment in Middlesboro, Kentucky, in the house of singer and activist Tilman Cadle. In 1937 he recorded a performance by Georgia Turner, the 16-year-old daughter of a local miner. He called it The Rising Sun Blues.[11] Lomax later recorded a different version sung by Bert Martin and a third sung by Daw Henson, both eastern Kentucky singers. In his 1941 songbook Our Singing Country, Lomax credits the lyrics to Turner,[11] with reference to Martin's version.

text: Early folk and blues releases[edit]

text: This section needs additional citations for verification. Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. (November 2016) (Learn how and when to remove this template message)

text: In 1941, Woody Guthrie recorded a version. A recording made in 1947 by Libby Holman and Josh White (who is also credited with having written new words and music that have subsequently been popularized in the versions made by many other later artists) was released by Mercury Records in 1950. White learned the song from a "white hillbilly singer", who might have been Ashley, in North Carolina in 1923–1924.[6] Lead Belly recorded two versions of the song, in February 1944 and in October 1948, called "In New Orleans" and "The House of the Rising Sun", respectively; the latter was recorded in sessions that were later used on the album Lead Belly's Last Sessions (1994, Smithsonian Folkways).

text: In 1957 Glenn Yarbrough recorded the song for Elektra Records. The song is also credited to Ronnie Gilbert on an album by The Weavers released in the late 1940s or early 1950s. Pete Seeger released a version on Folkways Records in 1958, which was re-released by Smithsonian Folkways in 2009.[11] Andy Griffith recorded the song on his 1959 album Andy Griffith Shouts the Blues and Old Timey Songs. In 1960 Miriam Makeba recorded the song on her eponymous RCA album.

text: Joan Baez recorded it in 1960 on her self-titled debut album; she frequently performed the song in concert throughout her career. Nina Simone recorded her first version for the album Nina at the Village Gate in 1962. Tim Hardin sang it on This is Tim Hardin, recorded in 1964 but not released until 1967.[12] The Chambers Brothers recorded a version on Feelin' the Blues, released on Vault records (1970).

text: Van Ronk arrangement[edit]

text: In late 1961, Bob Dylan recorded the song for his debut album, released in March 1962. That release had no songwriting credit, but the liner notes indicate that Dylan learned this version of the song from Dave Van Ronk. In an interview for the documentary No Direction Home, Van Ronk said that he was intending to record the song and that Dylan copied his version. Van Ronk recorded it soon thereafter for the album Just Dave Van Ronk.

text: I had learned it sometime in the 1950s, from a recording by Hally Wood, the Texas singer and collector, who had got it from an Alan Lomax field recording by a Kentucky woman named Georgia Turner. I put a different spin on it by altering the chords and using a bass line that descended in half steps—a common enough progression in jazz, but unusual among folksingers. By the early 1960s, the song had become one of my signature pieces, and I could hardly get off the stage without doing it.[13]

text: The Animals' version[edit]

text:
"The House of the Rising Sun"

Artwork for US release

Single by The Animals

from the album The Animals

B-side
"Talkin' 'bout You"

Released
June 19, 1964 (1964-06-19) (UK)
August 1964 (USA)

Format
7-inch single

Recorded
May 18, 1964

Genre
Folk rock

Length
2:59, 4:29

Label
Columbia Graphophone

Songwriter(s)
Traditional, arranged by Alan Price

Producer(s)
Mickie Most

The Animals singles chronology

"Baby Let Me Take You Home"
(1964)
"The House of the Rising Sun"
(1964)
"I'm Crying"
(1964)

"Baby Let Me Take You Home"
(1964)
"House of the Rising Sun"
(1964)
"I'm Crying"
(1964)

text: An interview with Eric Burdon revealed that he first heard the song in a club in Newcastle, England, where it was sung by the Northumbrian folk singer Johnny Handle. The Animals were on tour with Chuck Berry and chose it because they wanted something distinctive to sing.[14]

text: The Animals' version transposes the narrative of the song from the point of view of a woman led into a life of degradation to that of a man whose father was now a gambler and drunkard, rather than the sweetheart in earlier versions.

text: The Animals had begun featuring their arrangement of "House of the Rising Sun" during a joint concert tour with Chuck Berry, using it as their closing number to differentiate themselves from acts that always closed with straight rockers.[15] It got a tremendous reaction from the audience, convincing initially reluctant producer Mickie Most that it had hit potential,[15] and between tour stops the group went to a small recording studio on Kingsway in London[15] to capture it.

text: Recording and releases[edit]

text: The song was recorded in just one take on May 18, 1964,[16] and it starts with a now-famous electric guitar A minor chord arpeggio by Hilton Valentine.[1][3] According to Valentine, he simply took Dylan's chord sequence and played it as an arpeggio.[17] The performance takes off with Burdon's lead vocal, which has been variously described as "howling,"[2] "soulful,"[18] and as "...deep and gravelly as the north-east English coal town of Newcastle that spawned him."[1] Finally, Alan Price's pulsating organ part (played on a Vox Continental) completes the sound. Burdon later said, "We were looking for a song that would grab people's attention."[19]

text: As recorded, "House of the Rising Sun" ran four and a half minutes, regarded as far too long for a pop single at the time.[16] Producer Most, who initially did not really want to record the song at all,[17] said that on this occasion: "Everything was in the right place ... It only took 15 minutes to make so I can't take much credit for the production"[20]. He was nonetheless now a believer and declared it a single at its full length, saying "We're in a microgroove world now, we will release it."[20]

text: In the United States however, the original single (MGM 13264) was a 2:58 version. The MGM Golden Circle reissue (KGC 179) featured the unedited 4:29 version, although the record label gives the edited playing time of 2:58. The edited version was included on the group's 1964 U.S. debut album The Animals, while the full version was later included on their best-selling 1966 U.S. greatest hits album, The Best of the Animals. However, the very first American release of the full-length version was on a 1965 album of various groups entitled Mickie Most Presents British Go-Go (MGM SE-4306), the cover of which, under the listing of "House of the Rising Sun", described it as the "Original uncut version". Americans could also hear the complete version in the movie Go Go Mania in the spring of 1965.

text: "House of the Rising Sun" was not included on any of the group's British albums, but it was reissued as a single twice in subsequent decades, charting both times, reaching number 25 in 1972 and number 11 in 1982, using the famous Wittlesbach organ.

text: The Animals version was played in 6/8 meter, unlike the 4/4 of most earlier versions. Arranging credit went only to Alan Price. According to Burdon, this was simply because there was insufficient room to name all five band members on the record label, and Alan Price's first name was first alphabetically. However, this meant that only Price received songwriter's royalties for the hit, a fact that has caused bitterness ever since, especially with Valentine.[3][21]

text: Reception[edit]

text: "House of the Rising Sun" was a trans-Atlantic hit: after reaching the top of the UK pop singles chart in July 1964, it topped the U.S. pop singles chart two months later, on September 5, 1964, where it stayed for three weeks,[22] and became the first British Invasion number one unconnected with the Beatles.[23] It was the group's breakthrough hit in both countries and became their signature song.[24] The song was also a hit in a number of other countries, including Ireland, where it reached No. 10 and dropped off the charts one week later.

text: According to John Steel, Bob Dylan told him that when he first heard The Animals' version on his car radio, he stopped to listen, "jumped out of his car" and "banged on the bonnet", inspiring him to go electric.[25] But he stopped playing the song after the Animals' recording became a hit because fans accused him of plagiarism.[citation needed] Dave Van Ronk said that The Animals' version—like Dylan's version before it—was based on his arrangement of the song.[26]

text: Dave Marsh described the Animals' take on "The House of the Rising Sun" as "...the first folk-rock hit," sounding "...as if they'd connected the ancient tune to a live wire."[2] Writer Ralph McLean of the BBC agreed that "It was arguably the first folk rock tune," calling it "a revolutionary single", after which "the face of modern music was changed forever."[3]

text: The Animals' rendition of the song is recognized as one of the classics of British pop music. Writer Lester Bangs labeled it "a brilliant rearrangement" and "a new standard rendition of an old standard composition."[27] It ranked number 122 on Rolling Stone magazine's list of "500 Greatest Songs of All Time". It is also one of the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame's "500 Songs That Shaped Rock and Roll". The RIAA ranked it number 240 on their list of "Songs of the Century". In 1999 it received a Grammy Hall of Fame Award. It has long since become a staple of oldies and classic rock radio formats. A 2005 Channel Five poll ranked it as Britain's fourth-favourite number one song.[16]

text: Charts[edit]

text:
Chart (1964)
Peak
position

Belgium (Ultratop 50 Flanders)[28]
5

Canada Top Singles (RPM)[29]
1

Germany (Official German Charts)[30]
9

Ireland (IRMA)[31]
10

Netherlands (Single Top 100)[32]
5

New Zealand (Listener)[33]
2

UK Singles (Official Charts Company)[34]
1

US Billboard Hot 100[35]
1

Chart (1972)
Peak
position

Ireland (IRMA)[31]
5

UK Singles (Official Charts Company)[34]
25

Chart (1982)
Peak
position

UK Singles (Official Charts Company)[34]
11

text:
Preceded by
"Where Did Our Love Go" by The Supremes
Billboard Hot 100 number-one single
September 5, 1964 – September 19, 1964
Succeeded by
"Oh, Pretty Woman" by Roy Orbison

Preceded by
"It's Over" by Roy Orbison
UK Singles Chart number-one single
July 9, 1964 – July 15, 1964
Succeeded by
"It's All Over Now" by The Rolling Stones

text: Frijid Pink version[edit]

text:
"House of the Rising Sun"

Artwork for Danish, French and German releases (French pressing pictured)

Single by Frijid Pink

from the album Frijid Pink

B-side
"Drivin' Blues"

Released
March 1970 (1970-03)

Format
7-inch single

Genre
Psychedelic rock

Length
4:44 (album)
3:23 (single)

Label
Parrot Records

Songwriter(s)
Traditional, arranged by Alan Price

Producer(s)
Michael Valvano

Frijid Pink singles chronology

"House of the Rising Sun"
(1970)
"Sing a Song for Freedom"
(1970)

"House of the Rising Sun"
(1970)
"Sing a Song for Freedom"
(1970)

text: In 1969, the Detroit band Frijid Pink recorded a psychedelic version of "House of the Rising Sun", which became an international hit in 1970. Their version is in 4/4 time (like Van Ronk's and most earlier versions, rather than the 6/8 used by the Animals) and was driven by Gary Ray Thompson's distorted guitar with fuzz and wah-wah effects, set against the frenetic drumming of Richard Stevers.[36]

text: According to Stevers, the Frijid Pink recording of "House of the Rising Sun" was done impromptu when there was time left over at a recording session booked for the group at the Tera Shirma Recording Studios. Stevers later played snippets from that session's tracks for Paul Cannon, the music director of Detroit's premier rock radio station, WKNR; the two knew each other, as Cannon was the father of Stevers's girlfriend. Stevers recalled, "we went through the whole thing and [and Cannon] didn't say much. Then 'House [of the Rising Sun]' started up and I immediately turned it off because it wasn't anything I really wanted him to hear." However, Cannon was intrigued and had Stevers play the complete track for him, then advising Stevers, "Tell Parrot [Frijid Pink's label] to drop God Gave Me You [the group's current single] and go with this one."[37]

text: Frijid Pink's "House of the Rising Sun" debuted at #29 on the WKNR hit parade dated January 6, 1970 and broke nationally after some seven weeks—during which the track was re-serviced to radio three times—with a number 73 debut on the Hot 100 in Billboard dated February 27, 1970 (number 97 Canada 1970/01/31) with a subsequent three-week ascent to the Top 30 en route to a Hot 100 peak of number 7 on April 4, 1970. The certification of the Frijid Pink single "House of the Rising Sun" as a gold record for domestic sales of one million units was reported in the issue of Billboard dated May 30, 1970.

text: The Frijid Pink single of "House of the Rising Sun" would give the song its most widespread international success, with Top Ten status reached in Austria (number 3), Belgium (Flemish region, number 6), Canada (number 3), Denmark (number 3), Germany (two weeks at number 1), Greece, Ireland (number 7), Israel (number 4), the Netherlands (number 3), Norway (seven weeks at number 1), Poland (number 2), Sweden (number 6), Switzerland (number 2), and the UK (number 4). The single also charted in Australia (number 14), France (number 36), and Italy (number 54).

text: Sales and certifications[edit]

text:
Region
Certification
Certified units/Sales

United States (RIAA)[38]
Gold
1,000,000^

text: Billboard Country Chart[edit]

text: The song has twice been a hit record on Billboard's country chart.

text: Jody Miller version[edit]

text: In 1973, Jody Miller's version reached number 29 on the country charts and number 41 on the adult contemporary chart.

text: Geordie version[edit]

text: Recorded by Brian Johnson's band 'Geordie' for their 1974 album "Don't Be Fooled By The Name", Johnson went on to become vocalist for AC/DC.

text: Thin Lizzy instrumental version[edit]

text: The song was recorded as an electric but fairly mellow instrumental on the Deep Purple tribute album recorded by Thin Lizzy circa 1972, Funky Junction Play a Tribute to Deep Purple. Here it was simply called Rising Sun, and credited to Leo Muller (producer), the German businessman and label-owner.

text: Dolly Parton version[edit]

text:
"The House of the Rising Sun"

Artwork for German release

Single by Dolly Parton

from the album 9 to 5 and Odd Jobs

B-side
"Workin' Girl"

Released
September 1981 (1981-09)

Format
7-inch single

Recorded
November 1980

Genre
Country pop

Length
4:02

Label
RCA

Songwriter(s)
Traditional

Producer(s)
Mike Post

Dolly Parton singles chronology

"But You Know I Love You"
(1981)
"The House of the Rising Sun"
(1981)
"Single Women"
(1982)

"But You Know I Love You"
(1981)
"House of the Rising Sun"
(1981)
"Single Women"
(1982)

text: In September 1981, Dolly Parton released a cover of the song as the third single from her album 9 to 5 and Odd Jobs. Like Miller's earlier country hit, Parton's remake returns the song to its original lyric of being about a fallen woman. The Parton version makes it quite blunt, with a few new lyric lines that were written by Parton. Parton's remake reached number 14 on the U.S. country singles chart and crossed over to the pop charts, where it reached number 77 on the Billboard Hot 100; it also reached number 30 on the U.S. adult contemporary chart. Parton has occasionally performed the song live, including on her 1987–88 television show, in an episode taped in New Orleans.

text: Five Finger Death Punch version[edit]

text:
"House of the Rising Sun"

Single by Five Finger Death Punch

from the album The Wrong Side of Heaven and the Righteous Side of Hell, Volume 2

Released
February 3, 2014 (2014-02-03)

Recorded
November 2013

Genre
Folk metal

Length
4:07

Label
Prospect Park

Songwriter(s)
Traditional

Five Finger Death Punch singles chronology

"Battle Born"
(2013)
"House of the Rising Sun"
(2014)
"Mama Said Knock You Out"
(2014)

"Battle Born"
(2013)
"House of the Rising Sun"
(2014)
"Mama Said Knock You Out"
(2014)

text: This section does not cite any sources. Please help improve this section by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. (December 2017) (Learn how and when to remove this template message)

text: The American heavy metal band Five Finger Death Punch released a cover of "House of the Rising Sun" on their fifth studio album, The Wrong Side of Heaven and the Righteous Side of Hell, Volume 2, which was later released as the album's second single and the band's third single of the Wrong Side era. The references to New Orleans have been changed to Sin City, a reference to the negative effects of gambling in Las Vegas. The song was a top ten hit on mainstream rock radio in the United States. It also in the video game Guitar Hero Live.

text: Johnny Hallyday version (in French)[edit]

text:
"Le Pénitencier"

Single by Johnny Hallyday

from the album 'Le Pénitencier'

Released
October 1964 (1964-10) (France)

Format
7-inch single, 25-cm LP

Recorded
September 1964

Label
Philips

Songwriter(s)
Hugues Aufray / Vline Buggy, Alan Price

Producer(s)
Lee Hallyday

Johnny Hallyday singles chronology

"Les Mauvais garçons"
(1964)
"Le Pénitencier"
(1964)
"Un ami ça n'a pas de prix"
(1965)

"Les Mauvais garçons"
(1964)
"Le Pénitencier"
(1964)
"Un ami ça n'a pas de prix"
(1965)

Music video

"Le Pénitencier" (Live on French TV, 1966)
"Le Pénitencier" (Live at the Théâtre de Paris, 2013)
on YouTube

text: The song was covered in French by Johnny Hallyday. His version (titled "Le Pénitencier") was released in October 1964 and spent one week at no. 1 on the singles sales chart in France (from October 17 to 23).[39] In Wallonia (French Belgium) his single spent 28 weeks on the chart, also peaking at number 1.[40]

text: He performed the song during his 2014 USA tour.[41]

text: Charts[edit]

text:
Chart (1964)
Peak
position

Belgium (Ultratop 50 Wallonia)[42]
1

France (singles sales)[39]
1

text: Possible real locations[edit]

text: Various places in New Orleans have been proposed as the inspiration for the song, with varying plausibility. The phrase "House of the Rising Sun" is often understood as a euphemism for a brothel, but it is not known whether or not the house described in the lyrics was an actual or a fictitious place. One theory is that the song is about a woman who killed her father, an alcoholic gambler who had beaten his wife. Therefore, the House of the Rising Sun may be a jailhouse, from which one would be the first person to see the sun rise (an idea supported by the lyric mentioning "a ball and chain," though that phrase has been slang for marital relationships for at least as long as the song has been in print). Because women often sang the song, another theory is that the House of the Rising Sun was where prostitutes were detained while treated for syphilis. Since cures with mercury were ineffective, going back was very unlikely.[7][14]

text: Only three candidates that use the name Rising Sun have historical evidence—from old city directories and newspapers. The first was a small, short-lived hotel on Conti Street in the French Quarter in the 1820s. It burned down in 1822. An excavation and document search in early 2005 found evidence that supported this claim, including an advertisement with language that may have euphemistically indicated prostitution. Archaeologists found an unusually large number of pots of rouge and cosmetics at the site.[43][44]

text: The second possibility was a "Rising Sun Hall" listed in late 19th-century city directories on what is now Cherokee Street, at the riverfront in the uptown Carrollton neighborhood, which seems to have been a building owned and used for meetings of a Social Aid and Pleasure Club, commonly rented out for dances and functions. It also is no longer extant. Definite links to gambling or prostitution (if any) are undocumented for either of these buildings.

text: A third was "The Rising Sun", which advertised in several local newspapers in the 1860s, located on what is now the lake side of the 100 block of Decatur Street.[45] In various advertisements it is described as a "Restaurant," a "Lager Beer Salon," and a "Coffee House." At the time, New Orleans businesses listed as coffee houses often also sold alcoholic beverages.

text: Dave Van Ronk claimed in his biography "The Mayor of MacDougal Street" that at one time when he was in New Orleans someone approached him with a number of old photos of the city from the turn of the century. Among them "was a picture of a forbidding stone doorway with a carving on the lintel of a stylized rising sun... It was the Orleans Parish women's prison."[46]

text: Bizarre New Orleans, a guidebook on New Orleans, asserts that the real house was at 1614 Esplanade Avenue between 1862 and 1874 and was said to have been named after its madam, Marianne LeSoleil Levant, whose surname means "the rising sun" in French.[14]

text: Another guidebook, Offbeat New Orleans, asserts that the real House of the Rising Sun was at 826–830 St. Louis St. between 1862 and 1874, also purportedly named for Marianne LeSoleil Levant. The building still stands, and Eric Burdon, after visiting at the behest of the owner, said, "The house was talking to me." [47]

text: There is a contemporary B&B called the House of the Rising Sun, decorated in brothel style. The owners are fans of the song, but there is no connection with the original place.[47][48]

text: Not everyone believes that the house actually existed. Pamela D. Arceneaux, a research librarian at the Williams Research Center in New Orleans, is quoted as saying:

text: I have made a study of the history of prostitution in New Orleans and have often confronted the perennial question, "Where is the House of the Rising Sun?" without finding a satisfactory answer. Although it is generally assumed that the singer is referring to a brothel, there is actually nothing in the lyrics that indicate that the "house" is a brothel. Many knowledgeable persons have conjectured that a better case can be made for either a gambling hall or a prison; however, to paraphrase Freud: sometimes lyrics are just lyrics.[7]


document_title: Rusinga Island

question_text: who discovered the first skull of a fossil ape on rusinga island

root

text: Rusinga Island

text: Demography[edit]

text: The local language is Luo, although the ancestors of the current inhabitants were Suba people who came in boats several hundred years ago from Uganda as refugees from a dynastic war. Many Rusinga place names betray Suba[2] origins, including the island's name itself and its central peak, Lunene. There was an extinct language of Uganda called Singa, alternatives Lusinga and Lisinga, spoken only on Rusinga Island (which, of course is in Kenya). It belonged to the same group of Niger–Congo as Suba.[3] As of 2006, estimates of Rusinga's population range between 20,000 and 30,000. The entire island is part of the Homa Bay County.

tag: p

text: Most residents of Rusinga make their living from subsistence agriculture (maize and millet), as well as fishing. The native tilapia is still caught, though this species (like all others native to the lake) has been decimated by the voracious Nile perch that was introduced into the lake in 1954. Constant onshore winds cool the lakeward side of the island and provide clean beaches with ideal swimming and boating conditions, but poor roads between Rusinga and the nearest town, Homa Bay, inhibit trade and tourism. The brightly glittering black sands of the beaches are made of crystals of melanite garnet, barkevikite hornblende, and magnetite eroded from the uncompahgrite lava fragments in the agglomerates that overlie the fossil beds.

text: The island is also notable as the family home and burial site of Tom Mboya, who before his assassination in 1969 was widely pegged as Jomo Kenyatta's successor as President of the new nation of Kenya.

text: Palaeontology[edit]

text: Rusinga is widely known for its extraordinarily rich and important fossil beds of extinct Miocene mammals, dated to 18 million years.[4] The island had been only cursorily explored until the Leakey expedition of 1947-1948 began systematic searches and excavations, which have continued sporadically since then. The end of 1948 saw the collection of about 15,000 fossils from the Miocene, including 64 primates called by Louis Leakey "Miocene apes."

text: All the species of Proconsul were among the 64 and all were given the name africanus, although many were reclassified into nyanzae, major and heseloni later. Mary Leakey discovered the first complete skull of Proconsul, then considered a "stem hominoid", in 1948. Excavation of the fossil was completed by Louis' native assistant, Heselon Mukiri (whence Walker's 1993 name heseloni). Many thousands of fossils are now known from five major sites, with abundant hominoids including an almost complete skeleton of a second species of Proconsul, as well as Nyanzapithecus, Limnopithecus, Dendropithecus and Micropithecus,[5] all of which show arboreal rather than terrestrial adaptations. The first true monkeys do not appear until around 15 million years ago, so it is widely supposed that the diverse Early Miocene African catarrhines like those found on Rusinga filled that adaptive niche. The phylogenetic position of these primates has been debated. It has been theorized that Proconsul is a stem catarrhine and therefore ancestral to both Cercopithecids (Old World monkeys) and hominids (great apes and humans), rather than a stem hominoid.[6]

text: Pleistocene mammal fossils, including an extinct antelope called Rusingoryx, notable for its nasal dome hypothesised to produce loud calls, known nowhere else, are also common in former shoreline deposits around the edges of the island, left behind as Lake Victoria has slowly subsided over the centuries due to erosion in its outlet.

text: Geology[edit]

text: The fossil beds are layers of volcanic ash produced by a succession of explosive eruptions during the earliest stages of a volcano that eventually covered an area 75 miles in diameter. The volcano is now eroded down to the frozen magma in its vent that makes up the Kisingiri hills on the mainland opposite Rusinga, and the surrounding remnants of the cone: the semicircular Rangwa mountain range, and the islands of Rusinga and neighboring Mfangano Island. This rift valley volcano on the southern flank of the now-inactive Winam Gulf tapped much deeper in the mantle than oceanic or subduction zone volcanos, and its lavas and explosive ash clouds thus contained much more carbonate and alkali than normal. This meant that even though the Miocene environment was a tropical rainforest, the chemistry of the successive ash beds was that of a desert dry lake, preserving everything from caterpillars and berries to apes and elephants in an unusual situation found only in a few other East African ex-volcanos, notably Menengai and Homa Mountain in western Kenya, Napak and Mount Elgon in Uganda, and the much younger Ol Doinyo Lengai in Tanzania, which created the fossil beds of Olduvai Gorge.


document_title: Hope Floats: Music from the Motion Picture

question_text: who sings chances are on hope floats soundtrack

text: Content[edit]

text: One cut from the album, Garth Brooks' rendition of "To Make You Feel My Love", reached No. 1 on the Billboard country singles charts in August 1998.[1] This song also appeared on a re-release of Brooks's 1995 album Fresh Horses which was included in his 1998 box set The Limited Series.[2]

text: The Bob Seger-Martina McBride duet "Chances Are" peaked at No. 23 on the Billboard Hot Adult Contemporary Tracks chart in 1998.[3] Lila McCann's "To Get Me to You" was also released as a radio single,[4] but did not chart. Paul Davis's 1981 single "Cool Night," which reached No. 11 on the Billboard Hot 100 in 1981, is also included on the album.[5]

text: A remastered and expanded soundtrack was released on April 24, 2007, featuring an additional six tracks but removing Brooks's song.[6]

text: Critical reception[edit]

text: Stephen Thomas Erlewine of Allmusic gave the album four stars out of five, calling it "an excellent collection of contemporary country and rootsy mainstream pop."[7]

text: Track listing[edit]

text:
"To Make You Feel My Love" – Garth Brooks (3:53)
"In Need" – Sheryl Crow (5:29)
"Honest I Do" – The Rolling Stones (3:55)
"Chances Are" – Bob Seger and Martina McBride (4:17)
"All I Get" – The Mavericks (4:08)
"Paper Wings" – Gillian Welch (3:57)
"Stop! In the Name of Love" – Jonell Mosser (4:31)
"Wither, I'm a Flower" – Whiskeytown (4:53)
"What Makes You Stay" – Deana Carter (4:35)
"To Get Me to You" – Lila McCann (3:50)
"Smile" – Lyle Lovett (3:38)
"When You Love Someone" – Bryan Adams (3:39)
"To Make You Feel My Love" – Trisha Yearwood (2:57)

tag: ol

text: 2007 reissue[edit]

text:
"Main Title: Going Home" – Dave Grusin (3:23)
"In Need" – Sheryl Crow (5:29)
"Honest I Do" – The Rolling Stones (3:55)
"Chances Are" – Bob Seger and Martina McBride (4:17)
"All I Get" – The Mavericks (4:08)
"Paper Wings" – Gillian Welch (3:57)
"Stop! In the Name of Love" – Jonell Mosser (4:31)
"Wither, I'm a Flower" – Whiskeytown (4:53)
"What Makes You Stay" – Deana Carter (4:35)
"To Get Me to You" – Lila McCann (3:50)
"Smile" – Lyle Lovett (3:38)
"When You Love Someone" – Bryan Adams (3:39)
"To Make You Feel My Love" – Trisha Yearwood (2:57)
"Daybreak" – Barry Manilow (3:08)
"I Can't Get Next to You" – The Temptations (2:52)
"Cool Night" – Paul Davis (3:38)
"Who Cares Anyway" – Laura Harding (4:10)
"Justin & Birdie" – Dave Grusin (3:26)

text: Certifications[edit]

text:
Region
Provider
Certification

United States
Recording Industry Association of America
2× Platinum[8]

tag: table

text: Chart performance[edit]

text:
Chart (1998)
Peak
position

Canadian RPM Top Albums
34

Canadian RPM Country Albums
3

U.S. Billboard 200
4

U.S. Billboard Top Country Albums
1

text:
Preceded by
The Limited Series
by Garth Brooks
Top Country Albums number-one album
June 20–August 21, 1998
Succeeded by
Come On Over
by Shania Twain


question_text: who owns rehabilitation center at hollywood hills llc

text: The Rehabilitation Center at Hollywood Hills was a private nursing home located in Hollywood, Florida, United States with 152 beds. It was owned by Jack Michel and affiliated with Larkin Community Hospital. It was acquired by Hollywood Property Investments in 2015.[1]

text: The facility offered services such as advanced nursing care, 24 hour nursing care, tube feeding and nutritional management.[2]

text: The facility was rated below average on inspections, staffing and quality of care, according to a federal scorecard.[3]

text: Hurricane Irma[edit]

text: After losing its air conditioning during Hurricane Irma in 2017, 10 people died at the nursing home or shortly after arriving at hospitals. The facility had previously been cited for failing to maintain the emergency generator.[4][5] Portable A/C units were in use.[6] Subsequently 145 patients were sent to Memorial Regional Hospital.[7] In a press release the company stated, "The Center and its medical and administrative staff diligently prepared for the impact of Hurricane Irma".[8]

text: A moratorium on admissions was placed by the Agency for Health Care Administration.[3] It was removed from Medicaid. Police have opened a criminal investigation into the deaths at the center, which city officials have said continued to operate with little or no air conditioning after power was cut off by Irma, which struck the state on September 10.[9]

text: Closure[edit]

text: An emergency order on Wednesday, September 20, 2017 by the Florida Agency for Health Care Administration (AHCA) suspended the home's license to operate, after the deaths in the aftermath of Irma.[10] On the same day, the facility closed permanently, laying off 245 people.


document_title: A Raisin in the Sun (1961 film)

question_text: who plays beneatha in a raisin in the sun movie

text: A Raisin in the Sun (1961 film)

text: Plot[edit]

text: The Younger family - Walter Lee, his wife Ruth, younger sister Beneatha, son Travis and mother Lena - live in a small apartment in Chicago's south side. They are anticipating a life insurance check for Lena's husband's death in the amount of $10,000, and each of them has an idea as to what he or she would like to do with this money. Matriarch Lena wants to buy a house to fulfill the dream she shared with her deceased husband. Walter Lee would rather use the money to invest in a liquor store, believing the income would put an end to the family’s financial woes. Ruth, wanting to provide more space and better opportunities for Travis, agrees with Lena. Beneatha would like to use the money to pay her medical school tuition.

text: Lena spends $3,500 for a down payment on a house in Clybourne Park, and after being agitated many times by Walter, gives him the remaining $6,500 and tells him to save $3,000 of it for Beneatha's medical school and take the remaining $3,500 for his own investments. Meanwhile, Ruth discovers she is pregnant and, fearing another child will add to the financial pressures, considers having an abortion. Walter voices no objection, but Lena is strongly against it, saying "I thought we gave children life, not take it away from them".

text: Beneatha rejects her suitor George, believing he's blind to the problems of their race. Her Nigerian classmate Joseph Asagai proposes to her, wanting to take her to Africa with him after they finish school, but she is unsure what to do.

text: When their future neighbors find out the Youngers are moving in, they send Mark Lindner (known as Karl in the play) from the Clybourne Park Improvement Association to offer them money in return for staying away, but they refuse the deal. Meanwhile, Walter loses the insurance money when one of his "partners" in the liquor store scheme, Willy Harris, skips town with the money.

text: Desperate, Walter offers to take Lindner up on his offer to take money to stay out of Clybourne Park, even while his family begs him not to sell away their dignity. When Lindner arrives, however, Walter has a last-minute change of heart and rejects Lindner's offer again. The Youngers eventually move out of their apartment, fulfilling their dream. The future seems uncertain and slightly dangerous, but they believe that they can succeed through optimism, determination, and remaining together as a family.

text: Cast[edit]

text:
Sidney Poitier as Walter Lee Younger
Ruby Dee as Ruth Younger
Claudia McNeil as Lena Younger
Diana Sands as Beneatha Younger
Stephen Perry as Travis Younger
John Fiedler as Mark Lindner
Ivan Dixon as Joseph Asagai
Louis Gossett, Jr. as George Murchison
Joel Fluellen as Bobo
Roy Glenn as Willie Harris
Louis Terrel as Herman

tag: ul

text: Awards[edit]

text: Ruby Dee won the National Board of Review Award for Best Supporting Actress. Both Poitier and MacNeil were nominated for Golden Globe Awards, and Petrie received a special "Gary Cooper Award" at the 1961 Cannes Film Festival.[1]


document_title: Musique Non-Stop

question_text: who made the video for the song musique non-stop

text: Musique Non-Stop

text: Composition[edit]

text: Musique Non Stop's lyrics comprise the title of the song being repeatedly chanted by a generic male and generic female voice in English and a computerized male voice in French.

text: Live performances[edit]

text: After Florian Schneider left the band in 2008, the song was altered to accommodate video technician Stefan Pfaffe during performances. The song is basically the same, except shorter and the percussive/harmonic sequence that occupied Schneider's solo is operated by the other band members.

text: The Mix version (which was used in Minimum-Maximum) incorporates elements from fellow Electric Café songs "Boing Boom Tschak" and "Techno Pop". This was also done in Musique Non Stop's single version and music video.

text: Music video[edit]

text: The video for "Musique Non-Stop" is notable in itself for showcasing a computer animated representation of the band. Created in 1983, it sat dormant for three years before finally being incorporated as the video for the song. The animation, which was complex for its time, was created by Rebecca Allen, using state-of-the-art facial animation software developed by the Institute of Technology in New York. The slow rate of the album's progress, combined with rapid changes in software animation, meant that Allen had to archive the animation program developed at the Institute of Technology until Hütter and Schneider were ready in 1986, to travel to New York to edit the images to the final version of "Musique Non-Stop".

text: Track listing[edit]

text: 7-inch single[edit]

text: All tracks written by Ralf Hütter, Florian Schneider and Karl Bartos.

text:
Side one

No.
Title
Length

1.
"Musique Non-Stop"
3:08

text:
Side two

No.
Title
Length

1.
"Musique Non-Stop"
3:45

text: 12-inch single[edit]

text:
Side one

No.
Title
Length

1.
"Musique Non-Stop"
6:15

text:
Side two

No.
Title
Length

2.
"Musique Non-Stop (Radio edit)"
4:08

text: Charts[edit]

text: Weekly charts[edit]

text:
Chart (1986–87)
Peak
position

Germany (Official German Charts)[1]
13

New Zealand (Recorded Music NZ)[2]
45

UK Singles (Official Charts Company)[3]
82

US Dance Club Songs (Billboard)[4]
1

US Hot Dance Single Sales (Billboard)[citation needed]
6


document_title: Petticoat Junction

question_text: who sang the theme song to petticoat junction

text: Petticoat Junction

text: Premise[edit]

text: The show follows the goings-on at the rural Shady Rest Hotel. Widowed Kate Bradley (Bea Benaderet) is the proprietor. Her lazy-but-lovable Uncle Joe Carson (Edgar Buchanan) supposedly helps her in the day-to-day running of the hotel while she serves as a mediator in the various minor crises that befall her three beautiful daughters: redhead Betty Jo (Linda Kaye Henning); brunette Bobbie Jo (first Pat Woodell, later Lori Saunders); and blonde Billie Jo (first Jeannine Riley, then Gunilla Hutton, and finally Meredith MacRae). Uncle Joe, when he's not idling in his favorite porch chair, frequently comes up with half-baked get-rich-quick schemes and ill-conceived hotel promotions. Early on, much of the show also focuses on the Hooterville Cannonball, an 1890s steam-driven train run more like a taxi service by engineer Charley Pratt (Smiley Burnette) and fireman/conductor Floyd Smoot (Rufe Davis). It was not uncommon for the Cannonball to make an unscheduled stop for the crew to go fishing, or to pick fruit for Kate's apple butter and pies. The single tracked Hooterville spur line was cut off from the rest of the railroad 20 years before the start of the show by the demolition of a trestle. Charlie and Floyd are alternately depicted as retired employees of the railroad receiving pensions and salaried railroad workers. Many plots involve railroad executive Homer Bedloe's futile attempts to shut down and scrap the Hooterville Cannonball. Occasionally, youngest daughter Betty Jo can be found with her hand on the Cannonball's throttle, as running the train is one of her favorite pastimes. The series pilot introduced a feminist element whereby Betty Jo turned out to be skilled at driving the train:[2] which was traditionally men's work. Trips on the Cannonball usually include a stop in Hooterville at Drucker's Store, run by Sam Drucker (Frank Cady). Drucker's is the local hub, where menfolk come to play checkers and chat. Sam Drucker is the postmaster, and his telephone is a lifeline for the Bradleys, Uncle Joe, and others.

text: Setting[edit]

text: The Shady Rest Hotel is located at a water stop along the isolated branch line of the C. & F.W. Railroad. Due to a trestle demolition many years ago, the line now is entirely unconnected to any other railroad; it runs between the rural farm community of Hooterville and the small town of Pixley. Each of these towns is about 25 miles (40 km) away from the hotel, which is located roughly at the mid-point of the line. Kate Bradley says that her stubborn grandfather built the hotel there because that was where the lumber fell off the train. The town of Pixley, at one end of the Cannonball's route, was named for Pixley, California. A number of location shots were filmed in the real Pixley. The exact location of Hooterville is never mentioned on Petticoat Junction or Green Acres. It is likely in the Ozark Mountains; one of the proposed titles for the show was Ozark Widow.

text: The Shady Rest is an old-fashioned hotel, accessible only by train, where guests share bathing facilities and eat together with the family at a large dining-room table. Kate Bradley cooks sumptuous meals on a wood-burning stove, and her specialty is chicken 'n' dumplings. Meals were prepared for the show by property master Vince Vecchio. In a 1966 interview, Bea Benaderet said, "I suspect that Vince is better at cooking things like [my] mother used to than anybody's mother ever was."[3]

text: Regarding the show's title, Petticoat Junction, the hotel is located at a water stop, not a junction (where two or more railroad lines meet).[4] The train stop is nicknamed "petticoat junction" because the Bradley sisters often go skinny-dipping in the railway's water tower and leave their petticoats draped over the side.[5] The opening titles of the series show their petticoats hanging on the tower[6] while they are swimming offscreen.[7][8]

text: Show history[edit]

text: The idea for Petticoat Junction came from Paul Henning's wife, Ruth. Paul Henning said, "The Shady Rest was based on a real hotel in Eldon, Missouri, run by my wife's grandmother... that's where the hotel and the train and the whole setting came from, from Ruth's reminiscences of visiting her grandma." [9] Ruth Henning told him stories of her childhood adventures at the Burris Hotel, which was owned by her grandparents in Eldon.[10] Once called the Rock Island Hotel, the Burris was located next to the now-derelict Rock Island Line railroad tracks. Ruth Henning's mother, Alice (Burris) Barth, also told her many stories about the hotel and about growing up in the small town of Eldon.[11] The stories of Ruth and her mother, Alice, became the basis of the show.

text: Linda Kaye Henning said that her father, "wrote the series for Bea Benaderet." [12] Paul Henning thought the show would make an ideal starring vehicle for the veteran character actress. Since the 1930s, Benaderet had played second banana roles on radio and television to such personalities as Jack Benny, Lucille Ball, and George Burns and Gracie Allen. She was an uncredited voice actress for many Warner Bros. cartoons, and provided the voice of Betty Rubble on The Flintstones. She also played the semiregular character Cousin Pearl Bodine on season one of The Beverly Hillbillies. Henning felt that Benaderet had more than paid her dues and had earned the right to headline her own series.

text: During preproduction, proposed titles for the show were Ozark Widow, Dern Tootin' , and Whistle Stop.[13]

text: Hooterville Cannonball[edit]

text: Motion shots of the Hooterville Cannonball were filmed on the Sierra Railroad, based in Jamestown, California. The steam locomotive used was the 4-6-0 (ten-wheeler) Sierra No. 3, which has the distinction of appearing in more movies than any other locomotive. Its first sound film appearance was in 1929 with Gary Cooper in The Virginian, and it has since appeared in many other Westerns, including a prominent role in the climactic ending of Back to the Future Part III. It was also used in such television shows as Little House on the Prairie and The Iron Horse. Today, the Sierra No. 3 locomotive is still operational and can be found at Railtown 1897 State Historic Park.

text: A full-sized locomotive replica was used for studio scenes in and around the locomotive cab. The prop locomotive was provided by the Hoyt Hotel in Portland, Oregon. It was displayed in the lobby of the hotel as part of the décor of its Barbary Coast Lounge, hence the screen credit at the end of each episode "Train furnished by Barbary Coast, Hoyt Hotel, Portland, Oregon".[14]

text: Cast notes[edit]

text: The only actors who appeared in all seven seasons were Edgar Buchanan, Linda Kaye Henning, and Frank Cady. Buchanan was the only one to appear in every episode. Linda Kaye Henning appeared in every episode but two: the first-season episode "Bobbie Jo and the Beatnik" and the second-season episode "Have Library, Will Travel". Edgar Buchanan, who portrayed an uncle of Bea Benaderet's character, was only three years older than Benaderet in real life.

text: The girls' canine companion was called simply "Dog" or "Boy". Different names are suggested by the sisters when he first arrives ("Spike," "Prince", and "Byron"), but they never decide, so the dog is never actually named. Press releases for the show referred to him as the "Shady Rest Dog".[5] He was portrayed by Higgins, that later went on to even greater fame as Benji. Higgins won a PATSY Award in 1966 for his work on Petticoat Junction.[15]

text: Veteran character actor Charles Lane played Cannonball nemesis Homer Bedloe in 24 episodes.[16] Lane said that he perfected his stern curmudgeon character-type on I Love Lucy; recalling in 1981 his many roles, he said "They were all good parts, but they were jerks. If you have a type established, though, and you're any good, it can mean considerable work for you." [17] The New York Times reported that Lane's persona was so familiar to the public, "that people would come up to him in the street and greet him, because they thought they knew him from their hometowns." [18]

text: The character of Selma Plout was introduced in 1964 to serve as a female nemesis for Kate Bradley. Virginia Sale briefly reprised her role in the first season of Green Acres (her character is not mentioned by name but is listed in the end credits). During the third season, Elvia Allman (who had appeared in season one as Gladys Stroud) was brought on as Cora Watson for one episode (a role she reprised on Green Acres the same season). For the 1966-1967 season, Sale's Selma was replaced by Allman.[citation needed]

text: Mike Minor first appeared on the series as Selma Plout's son Dan in the second-season episode "Mother Of The Bride" that aired December 15, 1964. After that episode, the character of Dan Plout is never seen again. Two years later, in the fall of 1966, Mike Minor rejoined the series as handsome crop duster Steve Elliott. Steve is originally the love interest of eldest daughter Billie Jo, but later marries (youngest daughter) Betty Jo.[citation needed]

text: The three Bradley sisters (played by Linda Kaye Henning, Pat Woodell, and Jeannine Riley) form a Beatlesque band called "The Ladybugs" with their friend Sally Ragsdale (Sheila James) in the season-one episode "The Ladybugs". They wear mop-top wigs and perform the Beatles song "I Saw Her Standing There" with the word "Him" substituted for "Her". On March 22, 1964, mere days before this episode aired,[19] the four actresses performed this same song as "The Ladybugs" on The Ed Sullivan Show.[20][21] Ed invited his viewers to tune in later that week to see the girls on their show.[22]

text: Frank Cady, who played Sam Drucker, was the only actor in television history to play the same recurring character on three different shows at the same time. He was a regular on Petticoat Junction and Green Acres, in addition to some late series guest appearances on The Beverly Hillbillies.[23]

text: Benaderet had played Mrs. Granby on the short-lived 1950 radio show Granby's Green Acres. This show was the inspiration for the Petticoat Junction spin-off Green Acres. The Mrs. Granby character was altered on television and became Lisa Douglas, played by Eva Gabor.[24][25] Jack Bannon, Benaderet's son, played small parts over the course of the show, usually as a boyfriend or date for one of the Bradley girls. Byron Foulger played two different recurring characters on Petticoat Junction. In the early seasons, he was banker Mr. Guerney, and in later seasons, he was train engineer Wendell Gibbs. Jimmy Hawkins appeared in five episodes as Betty Jo's love interest Orville Miggs. He also appeared in four other episodes as four other characters. Hawkins played Jimmy Stewart's son in the film It's A Wonderful Life.[citation needed]

text: In season seven, Steve and Betty Jo's baby Kathy Jo was played by Elna Danelle Hubbell. In season six, Kathy Jo was played (uncredited) by infant twins Heather and Barbara Whiter. Heather said her sister and she landed the role when their mother heard that the producers were looking for red-haired babies. She also said that she has no first-hand memories of working on the show.[26]

text: Cast changes[edit]

text: Billie Jo was originally to be played by Sharon Tate. Though a cast photo was taken with Tate, she never appeared in the show. Though long rumored possible explanations for Tate's replacement include the emergence of racy photos of Tate, the reality is that Martin Ransohoff, Filmways producer, felt she simply wasn't prepared for a central role, and her agents simply convinced her to pass up the opportunity. Billie Jo was played for the first two seasons (1963–65) by Jeannine Riley, who left to pursue a movie career. In the third season (1965–66), Riley was replaced by Gunilla Hutton (not present for 11 episodes), and for the rest of the show's run, Billie Jo was played by Meredith MacRae.

text: Bobbie Jo was played in the first two seasons (1963–65) by Pat Woodell, who left the series to start a singing career. In some scenes in a few episodes, when Pat Woodell was unavailable, Bobbie Jo was only shown from behind, with a double standing in. For the remaining seasons, the character was played by Lori Saunders. Woodell and Saunders resembled each other physically, but the character of Bobbie Jo was gradually revamped after the cast change, going from a shy bookworm to a humorous scatterbrain. The book Glamour, Gidgets, and the Girl Next Door by Herbie J. Pilato attributes this change in character to actress Lori Saunders having "a different flair for comedy than Pat [Woodell]." After Saunders took over the role, she at times gave her lines "a slightly daffy delivery." The show writers picked up on this and gradually changed the character of Bobbie Jo from Paul Henning's original conception of a brainy introvert into "a high-spirited, delightfully ditzy extrovert."[27]

text: In 1967, the show suffered its first loss when Smiley Burnette (engineer Charley Pratt) died of leukemia right after filming wrapped for the fourth season. Floyd Smoot (Rufe Davis) took over running the train alone as engineer and conductor. Floyd was replaced the following season by Wendell Gibbs, played by Byron Foulger. During the show's last season (1969–70), Foulger had becoame too ill to continue and did not appear. Davis guested as Floyd Smoot for two episodes, one of them being "Last Train To Pixley". He was also addressed off-screen in one episode as an invisible character. Coincidentally, Foulger died on the same day that the final episode of Petticoat Junction aired: April 4, 1970.

text: Bea Benaderet, who played the main character Kate Bradley, died in 1968; June Lockhart then joined the show as Dr. Janet Craig, a mother figure to the girls, from 1968 until the show's end in 1970.

text: Changes in tone and characters[edit]

text: This section needs additional citations for verification. Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. (June 2017) (Learn how and when to remove this template message)

text: For the first three seasons, Petticoat Junction centered on homespun humor and the village's backward mindset. Beginning in season four, however, the show gradually took on a different feel. Stories began to focus more on the Bradley sisters, specifically on the romance of Steve and Betty Jo, who became key characters. The show became more of a domestic comedy.[28] Musical numbers and singing became prominent. Songs featured the Bradley sisters singing as a trio, Billie Jo solo, Steve solo, or Steve and Betty Jo as a duet. Sometimes, as many as two or three songs were in each episode.[citation needed]

text: The additions of Mike Minor as Steve Elliott and Meredith MacRae as the third Billie Jo influenced this change, as they were both accomplished singers.[29] The characters of Billie Jo and Bobbie Jo also changed. Billie Jo went from being a boy-crazy dumb blonde to a strong, independent young lady. Bobbie Jo went from being book-smart (nicknamed "the walking encyclopedia") to more of a bubble-head used for comic relief.[29]

text: Kate Bradley's appearance also changed. In the first two seasons, Kate's wardrobe and hair style depicted her as a dowdy country farm woman. Beginning with the third year (in color), her clothing and coiffure were much more flattering and appealing, and she wore high heels.

text: Death of Bea Benaderet[edit]

text: Sickness kept Bea Benaderet away for the last portion of season five as she dealt with illness from lung cancer. She missed two episodes (#159 and 160), returned for one (#161), then missed eight more. Storylines dealt with Kate's absence by having other characters say that she was out of town, although it was never stated where she was out of town or what she was doing there. Paul Henning brought in temporary replacement mother-figures Rosemary DeCamp (as Kate's sister Helen) and Shirley Mitchell (as Kate's cousin Mae). In January 1968, it was announced that Benaderet's treatment was successful, and she returned for the fifth-season finale ("Kate's Homecoming") that aired on March 30, 1968. Benaderet's performance showed the effects of her cancer treatment, as she appeared noticeably thinner and weaker.[30] Following the conclusion of her treatment, she had revealed to the Press-Republican that despite her lengthy absence, series producer Charles Stewart would continue to write her as the lead for the upcoming sixth season.[31]

text: However, after Benaderet filmed the first three episodes of season six, her cancer was found to have returned. The third episode, "Only A Husband", was her final physical appearance on the show, in which she shared a brief scene with Mike Minor amd was conspicuously absent from scenes that were written for her. Linda Kaye Henning recalled in 2008: "The last few shows we knew she was very ill. … She was not well enough to do the episode where I have the baby."[32] When Paul Henning realized that Benaderet would not recover, he decided that the fourth episode of season six would be the birth of Betty Jo's baby, so Benaderet's character could be included. In this episode, titled "The Valley Has a Baby", Benaderet provided only her voice for scenes of Betty Jo and Steve reading a letter from Kate; her speaking to Cannonball engineer Wendell Gibbs over the phone and using the handcar with im to get to the hospital; and her presence at Betty Jo's bedside after the baby's arrival. The latter segments featured Benaderet's stand-in, actress Edna Laird, portraying Kate with her back to the camera. The episode additionally featured three short flashbacks of Kate from season five: "You Know I Can't Hear You When The Thunder Is Clapping", where Betty Jo reveals to Kate that Steve and she are in love; "A Cottage For Two", where Betty Jo's dream house turns out to be an old shack; and "With This Gown I Thee Wed", where Steve and Betty Jo get married. The episode aired just 13 days after Benaderet's death on October 13, 1968.

text: Benaderet was quite popular with viewers, and her fan mail increased during her illness as she received many get-well cards and letters from fans.[33] In the first five years of Petticoat Junction, she was undisputably the star of the show. As a result, the absence of her character had to be handled delicately. In the 1950s and '60s, it was almost unheard of for a main character on a television show to pass away, particularly on a situation comedy. The producers and CBS decided to continue the show, and Kate Bradley continued to be referred to as being "out of town."[34] Benaderet's name was removed from the opening credits and Edgar Buchanan received star billing for the remainder of the series. Referring to the hotel, the opening theme lyrics were changed from "It is run by Kate, come and be her guest" to "It is run by Joe, come and be his guest". Although Petticoat Junction was still beloved by fans, the central premise of a country family was lost without a motherly figure. The long absence of Kate was only mentioned once in passing during the final two seasons. In the season-seven premiere "Make Room For Baby", the Bradley sisters and baby Kathy Jo return from swimming in the water tower. Steve has paternal qualms about his daughter's safety, to which Billie Jo and Bobbie Jo wistfully reply: "Mom taught all of us to swim before we could walk. And in the same old water tower, too."

text: Seasons 6 and 7[edit]

text: Choosing not to recast the Kate Bradley role, or to sign Rosemary DeCamp on full-time (she was also playing the mother of Marlo Thomas on That Girl), the producers introduced the new character of Dr. Janet Craig, played by June Lockhart. Dr. Craig takes up a medical practice at the hotel and also serves as a counsel of sorts for the girls. The cast was described as "most welcoming" to Lockhart as the newcomer during a difficult time.[35] Quickly, Lockhart graduated from featured billing at the end of each episode to co-star billing in the opening credits. The show's theme song lyrics were slightly altered to accommodate the change in cast.

text: A decline in Nielsen ratings had begun in season five, when CBS moved the show from Tuesday night to Saturday night. In season six, the show failed to make the ratings top 30. With the sitcom's future hanging in the balance, CBS considered cancelling the show in the spring of 1969. The season-six finale "Tune In Next Year" was meant to be the series finale. Dr. Janet Craig receives a good job offer in another city and decides to accept it. However, at the end of the episode, Dr. Craig decides to stay when Steve and Betty Jo announce that they are going to have another baby.

text: At the last minute, CBS decided to renew the series for a seventh season. The main reason for the renewal was that it would give the series five full years of color episodes for syndication, which would be very profitable for the network. When the show returned for its seventh and final season in September 1969, two major plotline changes were made. The first is that Steve and Betty Jo, and their daughter Kathy Jo, move out of their cottage and into the Shady Rest Hotel. The storyline involving Betty Jo's new pregnancy was dropped and never referred to again. The second change is the addition of bumbling, but well-meaning, game warden Orrin Pike (played by actor Jonathan Daly), who becomes Bobbie Jo's boyfriend, much to the annoyance of Uncle Joe. In the spring of 1970, despite somewhat improving ratings, Petticoat Junction was cancelled as a precursor to the infamous CBS rural purge of the early 1970s, when all rural-themed shows were canceled. The series officially ended its primetime run on Saturday, September 12, 1970, at 9:30 pm, and was replaced one week later by The Mary Tyler Moore Show.

text: Petticoat Junction did not have a series finale. However, "Last Train to Pixley", the fourth-to-last episode to air, is in some ways like a series finale. In the episode, Hooterville Cannonball conductor Floyd Smoot decides to retire. The residents of the Shady Rest Hotel and Sam Drucker all take a ride on the Cannonball and recall (with flashbacks) such treasured memories as fishing from the train, a very pregnant Betty Jo driving the train when she is about to give birth, and the Christmas-time Cannonball decorated with lights.[36] During the episode, Floyd sings the song "Steam, Cinders and Smoke". The song was written by Smiley Burnette, who played train engineer Charley Pratt until his death in 1967. It was released as a single in 1964 by Burnette and Rufe Davis (who played Floyd Smoot).[37] At the end of the episode, Floyd decides not to retire when the people of Hooterville write him letters asking him to stay.

text: Reunions[edit]

text: Petticoat Junction was the only one of Paul Henning's country trio not to return in an updated reunion movie. In the 1970s, Meredith MacRae and Linda Kaye Henning tried to produce "Hello Again Hooterville: A Thanksgiving Reunion", but the project never came to fruition.[38][39] The game show Family Feud featured a Petticoat Junction cast reunion in 1983 when Frank Cady, Linda Kaye Henning, Lori Saunders, Gunilla Hutton and Meredith MacRae competed against cast members from The Brady Bunch.[40] A similar reunion occurred when the same group competed against the cast of Leave it to Beaver.[41] Henning, Saunders, and Hutton reunited again in 2015 for a MeTV promotional ad.

text: In 1990, the character of Sam Drucker appeared in Return to Green Acres, in what was Frank Cady's final acting role. In 1981, Linda Kaye Henning and Charles Lane both appeared in The Return of the Beverly Hillbillies, but not as Betty Jo and Homer Bedloe. Henning played a secretary named "Linda" and Lane played "Chief".

text: Episode list[edit]

text: Cast of characters[edit]

text:
Character
Actress/Actor
Years
# of Episodes

Kate Bradley
Bea Benaderet
1963–1968
164

Uncle Joe Carson
Edgar Buchanan
1963–1970
222

Betty Jo Bradley
Linda Kaye Henning
1963–1970
220

Bobbie Jo Bradley
Pat Woodell
1963–1965
65

Lori Saunders
1965–1970
147

Billie Jo Bradley
Jeannine Riley
1963–1965
72

Gunilla Hutton
1965–1966
23

Meredith MacRae
1966–1970
107

Sam Drucker
Frank Cady
1963–1970
152

Dog
Higgins, the Dog
1964–1970
149

Steve Elliott
Mike Minor
1966–1970
112

Dr. Janet Craig
June Lockhart
1968–1970
45

Floyd Smoot
Rufe Davis
1963–1968; 1970
128

Charley Pratt
Smiley Burnette
1963–1967
106

Homer Bedloe
Charles Lane
1963–1968
24

Norman P. Curtis
Roy Roberts
1963–1964
1966–1967
1969–1970
10

Newt Kiley
Kay E. Kuter
1964–1969
17

Fred Ziffel
Hank Patterson
1963–1966
11

Oliver Wendell Douglas
Eddie Albert
1965–1968
12

Lisa Douglas
Eva Gabor
1965–1969
9

Eb Dawson
Tom Lester
1967–1968
6

Aunt Helen
Rosemary DeCamp
1964–1968
7

Wendell Gibbs
Byron Foulger
1968–1969
18

Orrin Pike
Jonathan Daly
1969–1970
11

Orville Miggs
Jimmy Hawkins
1964
5

Cousin Mae Belle Jennings
Shirley Mitchell
1967–1968
4

Miss Hammond
Eve McVeagh
1963
3

Selma Plout
Virginia Sale
1963–1965
6

Elvia Allman
1966-1970
17

text: Nielsen ratings/Broadcast history[edit]

text:
Season
Timeslot
Rank
Rating

1) 1963–1964
Tuesdays at 9:00pm
#4
33.3

2) 1964–1965
Tuesdays at 9:30pm
#15
26.1

3) 1965–1966
#21
23.8

4) 1966–1967
#23
20.9 (tie)

5) 1967–1968
Saturdays at 9:30pm
Not in the Top 30

6) 1968–1969

7) 1969–1970

text: Green Acres and Beverly Hillbillies crossovers[edit]

text: Petticoat Junction is set in the same fictional universe as Green Acres. Both shows are set in Hooterville, and they share such characters as Sam Drucker, Newt Kiley, and Floyd Smoot. A number of core Green Acres characters, such as Fred and Doris Ziffel (originally named "Ruthie" after Paul Henning's wife, Ruth), Arnold the Pig, Newt Kiley, and Ben Miller, first appeared on season two of Petticoat Junction, which saw a number of scripts written by Green Acres creator Jay Sommers. Characters in all of Henning's creations often crossed over into one another's programs, especially during the first two seasons of Green Acres.

text: During Petticoat's run from 1963 to 1968 (up until Kate Bradley's last few appearances at the beginning of season six), and with the exception of Green Acres, not once was there ever a connection to The Beverly Hillbillies even though Bea Benaderet had played Cousin Pearl Bodine during the latter's first and sixth seasons. Despite this, in a 1968 episode of Petticoat (#175 'Granny, the Baby Expert'), Granny comes to Hooterville to tend to Betty Jo and Steve's baby. Prior to her visit, she reminds Jed that he is related to Kate through Pearl and then later when she arrives at the Shady Rest she mistakes Uncle Joe for Kate and says "They's right about you Kate, you and Cousin Pearl are lookalikes." The episode is also part two of a three-episode crossover with Hillbillies that begins on "Granny Goes to Hooterville" and concludes on "The Italian Cook".

text: Other crossover shows include one where the Clampetts, Milburn Drysdale, and Miss Jane spend both Thanksgiving and Christmas of 1968 in Hooterville on The Beverly Hillbillies and a 1970 episode of The Beverly Hillbillies in which Mr. Drysdale thought that billionaire Howard Hughes lived in Hooterville. (The man turned out to be Howard Hewes who owned real estate in Hooterville, including the field Steve Elliott rented to maintain his crop plane.)

text: Crossovers with Green Acres[edit]

text: The following is a list of Petticoat Junction episodes featuring characters from Green Acres. Only those that debuted on Acres before Junction are counted.

text:
Episode 2: "The Baffling Raffle" – Oliver Wendell Douglas, Lisa Douglas
Episode 3: "The Dog Turns Playboy" – Oliver Wendell Douglas
Episode 4: "The Good Luck Ring" – Oliver Wendell Douglas, Lisa Douglas
Episode 5: "Joe Carson, General Contractor" – Oliver Wendell Douglas, Lisa Douglas
Episode 6: "Bobbie Jo's Sorority" – Oliver Wendell Douglas, Lisa Douglas
Episode 7: "A Doctor in the House" – Oliver Wendell Douglas
Episode 8: "Hooterville-A-Go-Go" – Oliver Wendell Douglas, Lisa Douglas
Episode 10: "Betty Jo Goes to New York" – Oliver Wendell Douglas, Lisa Douglas
Episode 13: "Uncle Joe Plays Post Office" – Oliver Wendell Douglas
Episode 19: "Yogurt, Anyone?" – Oliver Wendell Douglas
Episode 21: "The County Fair" – Mr. Haney
Episode 29: "Kate Bradley, Peacemaker" – Oliver Wendell Douglas
Episode 32: "The Young Matchmakers" – Lisa Douglas

text:
Episode 1: "Young Love" – Eb Dawson
Episode 5: "The All-Night Party" – Eb Dawson
Episode 11: "The Runt Strikes Back" – Eb Dawson
Episode 13: "The Santa Claus Special" – Eb Dawson
Episode 26: "Author! Author!" – Eb Dawson

text: Episode 3: "One Dozen Roses" – Eb Dawson

text:
Episode 4: "The Valley Has a Baby" – Oliver Wendell Douglas, Lisa Douglas
Episode 14: "The Ballad of the Everyday Housewife" – Lisa Douglas

text:
Episode 3: "The Other Woman" – Mr. Haney
Episode 9: "A Most Momentous Occasion" – Mr. Haney

text: Theme song[edit]

text: Curt Massey sang the Petticoat Junction theme song. The song was composed by Massey and Paul Henning. Flatt and Scruggs recorded a version of the song "Petticoat Junction".

text: The Moody Brothers' 1989 Grammy-nominated country instrumental "The Great Train Song Medley" featured the song "Petticoat Junction".[43]

text: Syndication[edit]

text: After its cancellation, Filmways and Paul Henning's company sold the show to CBS. Its distribution has changed hands over the years due to corporate changes involving Viacom, which in 2006 split into two separate companies. Today, CBS Television Distribution handles syndication.

text: The color (1965–70) episodes were shown in syndication for many years after the show's cancellation. However, the rights to the black-and-white (1963–65) episodes were not resolved and they were not included in the syndication package until the Me-TV Network began broadcasting the black-and-white (1963–65) episodes on Tuesday, July 12, 2011. The airings of the black-and-white episodes airings were short lived, and, on Thursday, July 21, 2011, Me-TV started airing the color episodes once again. Me-TV began to air the first two black-and-white seasons of the show again on November 4, 2013. The show has rotated on and off of the Me-TV schedule in various time slots.

text: The color episodes have run constantly, with the show running on TV Land from 1996 to 2000. The show ran on the Retro Television Network from 2005 to 2008, and on Me-TV beginning in June 2012.[44] The program has run on three different Canadian cable channels: Prime-TV from 2000 to 2002, Deja-Vu from 2005 to 2008, and on TV Land Canada from 2006 to 2010. The black-and-white episodes from Season One are now in the public domain, their copyrights having lapsed. As a result, there have been numerous discount DVD releases of these episodes, although with generic bluegrass-like theme music instead of the familiar opening and closing music, which is still under copyright.

text: DVD releases[edit]

text: The Paul Henning Estate holds the original film elements to the black-and-white episodes, and in 2005 allowed 20 black-and-white episodes from Season One to be officially released on DVD in an "ultimate collection" via MPI Home Video. This release features the first 20 episodes of the series, excluding the Christmas episode. "Cannonball Christmas" was released by MPI Home Video in a separate release together with the Christmas-themed episode from The Beverly Hillbillies on October 25, 2005.[45][46] This 1963 episode was reshot in color with small variations and aired on December 20, 1966 as "The Santa Claus Special".[47]

text: On December 16, 2008 CBS Home Entertainment (distributed by Paramount) released the Complete First Season on DVD, with new interviews with cast members, commercials from the original broadcasts, and the original opening and closing theme song. The Complete Second Season was released on July 7, 2009, concluding the black-and-white episodes of the series. (Beginning with the third season, the show switched to color for the remainder of the series.) It, too, contained the original theme song, as well as introductions and an interview from two cast members.

text: On October 1, 2013 season three was released on DVD as a Walmart exclusive.[48] It received a full retail release on April 15, 2014.[49]

text: The rights to the show are held by CBS Television Distribution.

text:
DVD Name
Ep#
Release Date

Petticoat Junction (Ultimate Collection)
20
August 30, 2005

Petticoat Junction (The Official First Season)
38
December 16, 2008

Petticoat Junction (The Official Second Season)
36
July 7, 2009

Petticoat Junction (Return to Hooterville)

March 12, 2013

Petticoat Junction (The Official Third Season)
34
April 15, 2014

text: Petticoat Junction Amusement Park[edit]

text: There was an amusement park in Panama City Beach, Florida named "Petticoat Junction Amusement Park", which opened in 1963 (the same year that the show first aired) and closed in 1984, 14 years after the show ended. According to author Tim Hollis, the park's owners (the Churchwell family), were friends with Edgar Buchanan. He talked to Paul Henning, who okayed the park being named after the show. As would be expected, there was a steam railroad attraction at the park, the 3 ft (914 mm) narrow gauge[50] Petticoat Junction Railroad. Although the park is closed, the locomotives and train cars from its railroad attraction survived. They were bought at auction by the late Fred H. Hallmark in 1985 and are kept and preserved on his family's property at 9485 US-31; Kimberly, AL.

text: Petticoat Junction Cafeteria and Shady Rest Hotel in Mabank, Texas[edit]

text: In 1965 Claudia and J.T. "Peavine" Westmoreland bought an old train depot in Mabank, Texas and converted it into a restaurant. Since the restaurant was next to a working railroad line, the customers nicknamed it "Petticoat Junction", and the name was made official. Specialties at the Petticoat Junction Cafeteria included chicken fried steak and homemade coconut cream pies. The real-life Petticoat Junction was like the fictional show. In her memoirs, Claudia writes: "The train crew grew to be a part of the Petticoat Junction. They would stop and eat with us and we looked forward to the once a day run." In 1966, the Southern Pacific Railroad sent work crews to elevate the railroad track. Claudia set up makeshift bedrooms for the workers and called it the "Shady Rest Hotel". More permanent lodgings were soon added. Claudia's daughter Ann recalled: "Mother got people from the television show to send her photos of the Petticoat Junction set, the actors, just all kinds of things." The business was relocated one mile west in the 1970s and an RV park was added. The Petticoat Junction Cafeteria and Shady Rest Hotel lasted until 1996.[51]


document_title: List of Cleveland Browns seasons

question_text: when was the last year the browns had a winning season

text: List of Cleveland Browns seasons

text: The Cleveland Browns were a charter member club of the All-America Football Conference (AAFC) when the league was founded in 1946. From 1946 to 1949, the Browns won each of the league’s four championships. The National Football League (NFL) does not recognize the Browns’ AAFC championships; however, the Pro Football Hall of Fame does recognize the team’s championships, which is reflected in this list. When the AAFC folded in 1949, the Browns were absorbed into the NFL in 1950. The Browns went on to win three NFL championships, nearly dominating the NFL in the 1950s, and won one more NFL championship in 1964. The team has yet to appear in a Super Bowl, however. Overall, the team has won eight championships: four in the AAFC, and four in the NFL.

text: In 1996, then-Browns owner Art Modell made the decision to move the team from Cleveland, Ohio to Baltimore, Maryland. An agreement between the city of Cleveland and the NFL kept the team’s history, name and colors in Cleveland, while Modell’s new team would be regarded as an expansion team. The Baltimore Ravens would begin play in 1996, and the Browns would return to the league in 1999. For record-keeping purposes, the Browns are considered to have suspended operations from 1996 to 1998, which is reflected in this list. In 2017, the Cleveland Browns became the second team in NFL history to suffer an 0–16 record.

text: Seasons[edit]

text: For a complete team history, see History of the Cleveland Browns.

text:
AAFC champions[1] (1946–1949)

NFL champions (1950–1969)

Super Bowl champions[2] (1970–present)

Conference champions

Division champions

Wild Card berth

text:
Season

Team

League

Conference

Division

Regular season results

Postseason results

Awards

Finish

Wins

Losses

Ties

All-America Football Conference

1946

1946

AAFC

Western

1st

12

2

0

Won AAFC championship (1) (Yankees) 14–9

1947

1947

AAFC

Western

1st

12

1

1

Won AAFC championship (2) (at Yankees) 14–3

1948

1948

AAFC

Western

1st

14

0

0

Won AAFC championship (3) (Bills) 49–7

1949

1949

AAFC

1st

9

1

2

Won AAFC playoff game (Bills) 31–21Won AAFC championship (4) (49ers) 21–7

Paul Brown (COY)

National Football League (1950–1995; 1999–present)

1950

1950

NFL

American

T-1st[3]

10

2

0

Won Conference Playoffs (Giants) 8–3Won NFL Championship (5) (Rams) 30–28

1951

1951

NFL

American

1st

11

1

0

Lost NFL Championship (at Rams) 17–24

Paul Brown (COY)Otto Graham (MVP)

1952

1952

NFL

American

1st

8

4

0

Lost NFL Championship (Lions) 7–17

1953

1953

NFL

Eastern

1st

11

1

0

Lost NFL Championship (at Lions) 16–17

Paul Brown (COY)Otto Graham (MVP)

1954

1954

NFL

Eastern

1st

9

3

0

Won NFL Championship (6) (Lions) 56–10

1955

1955

NFL

Eastern

1st

9

2

1

Won NFL Championship (7) (at Rams) 38–14

Otto Graham (MVP)

1956

1956

NFL

Eastern

T-4th[4]

5

7

0

1957

1957

NFL

Eastern

1st

9

2

1

Lost NFL Championship (at Lions) 14–59

Paul Brown (COY)Jim Brown (MVP, ROY)

1958

1958

NFL

Eastern

T-1st[5]

9

3

0

Lost Conference Playoffs (at Giants) 0–10

Jim Brown (MVP)

1959

1959

NFL

Eastern

T-2nd[6]

7

5

0

1960

1960

NFL

Eastern

2nd

8

3

1

1961

1961

NFL

Eastern

3rd

8

5

1

1962

1962

NFL

Eastern

3rd

7

6

1

1963

1963

NFL

Eastern

2nd

10

4

0

Jim Brown (BBA, MVP)

1964

1964

NFL

Eastern

1st

10

3

1

Won NFL Championship (8)[7] (Colts) 27–0

1965

1965

NFL

Eastern

1st

11

3

0

Lost NFL Championship (at Packers) 12–23

Jim Brown (MVP, MVP)

1966

1966

NFL

Eastern

T-2nd[8]

9

5

0

1967

1967

NFL

Eastern

Century

1st

9

5

0

Lost Conference Championship (at Cowboys) 14–52

1968

1968

NFL

Eastern

Century

1st

10

4

0

Won Conference Championship (Cowboys) 31–20Lost NFL Championship (Colts) 0–34

Leroy Kelly (MVP)

1969

1969

NFL

Eastern

Century

1st

10

3

1

Won Conference Championship (at Cowboys) 38–14Lost NFL Championship (at Vikings) 7–27

1970

1970

NFL

AFC

Central

2nd

7

7

0

1971

1971

NFL

AFC

Central

1st

9

5

0

Lost Divisional Playoffs (Colts) 3–20

1972

1972

NFL

AFC

Central

2nd

10

4

0

Lost Divisional Playoffs (at Dolphins) 14–20

1973

1973

NFL

AFC

Central

3rd

7

5

2

1974

1974

NFL

AFC

Central

4th

4

10

0

1975

1975

NFL

AFC

Central

4th

3

11

0

1976

1976

NFL

AFC

Central

2nd

9

5

0

Forrest Gregg (COY)

1977

1977

NFL

AFC

Central

4th

6

8

0

1978[9]

1978

NFL

AFC

Central

3rd

8

8

0

1979

1979

NFL

AFC

Central

3rd

9

7

0

Sam Rutigliano (COY)

1980

1980

NFL

AFC

Central

1st

11

5

0

Lost Divisional Playoffs (Raiders) 12–14[10]

Sam Rutigliano (COY)Brian Sipe (MVP, MVP, POY)

1981

1981

NFL

AFC

Central

4th

5

11

0

1982[11]

1982

NFL

AFC

8th

4

5

0

Lost First Round Playoffs (at Raiders) 10–27

Chip Banks (Def. ROY)

1983

1983

NFL

AFC

Central

2nd

9

7

0

1984

1984

NFL

AFC

Central

3rd

5

11

0

1985

1985

NFL

AFC

Central

1st

8

8

0

Lost Divisional Playoffs (at Dolphins) 21–24

Kevin Mack (ROY)

1986

1986

NFL

AFC

Central

1st

12

4

0

Won Divisional Playoffs (Jets 23–20) (2 OT)Lost AFC Championship[12] (Broncos) 20–23 (OT)

Marty Schottenheimer (COY)

1987[13]

1987

NFL

AFC

Central

1st

10

5

0

Won Divisional Playoffs (Colts) 38–21Lost AFC Championship[14] (at Broncos) 33–38

1988

1988

NFL

AFC

Central

2nd[15]

10

6

0

Lost Wild Card Playoffs (Oilers) 23–24

1989

1989

NFL

AFC

Central

1st

9

6

1

Won Divisional Playoffs (Bills) 34–30Lost AFC Championship[16] (at Broncos) 21–37

Michael Dean Perry (Def. POY)

1990

1990

NFL

AFC

Central

4th

3

13

0

1991

1991

NFL

AFC

Central

3rd

6

10

0

1992

1992

NFL

AFC

Central

3rd

7

9

0

1993

1993

NFL

AFC

Central

3rd

7

9

0

1994

1994

NFL

AFC

Central

2nd

11

5

0

Won Wild Card Playoffs (Patriots) 20–13Lost Divisional Playoffs (at Steelers) 9–29

1995

1995

NFL

AFC

Central

4th

5

11

0

1996

Inactive from 1996 to 1998

1997

1998

1999

1999

NFL

AFC

Central

6th

2

14

0

2000

2000

NFL

AFC

Central

6th

3

13

0

2001

2001

NFL

AFC

Central

3rd[17]

7

9

0

2002

2002

NFL

AFC

North

2nd

9

7

0

Lost Wild Card Playoffs (at Steelers) 33–36

2003

2003

NFL

AFC

North

4th

5

11

0

2004

2004

NFL

AFC

North

4th

4

12

0

2005

2005

NFL

AFC

North

4th[18]

6

10

0

2006

2006

NFL

AFC

North

4th

4

12

0

2007

2007

NFL

AFC

North

2nd[19]

10

6

0

2008

2008

NFL

AFC

North

4th

4

12

0

2009

2009

NFL

AFC

North

4th

5

11

0

2010

2010

NFL

AFC

North

3rd

5

11

0

2011

2011

NFL

AFC

North

4th

4

12

0

2012

2012

NFL

AFC

North

4th

5

11

0

2013

2013

NFL

AFC

North

4th

4

12

0

2014

2014

NFL

AFC

North

4th

7

9

0

2015

2015

NFL

AFC

North

4th

3

13

0

2016

2016

NFL

AFC

North

4th

1

15

0

2017

2017

NFL

AFC

North

4th

0

16

0

Totals4 AAFC championships4 NFL championships12 conference titles9 NFL division titles

47

4

3

All-America Football Conference regular season results[20]

5

0

0

AAFC postseason results

462

482

10

National Football League regular season results[20]

11

20

0

NFL postseason results[20]

525

506

13

AAFC and NFL regular and postseason results

text: Footnotes[edit]

text:
Jump up ^ The NFL does not recognize the Browns' AAFC championships. For the purposes of this list, however, they are included in final totals.

Jump up ^ The Browns are one of only four teams to have never appeared in a Super Bowl. The other three teams are the Detroit Lions, the Houston Texans, and the Jacksonville Jaguars.

Jump up ^ At the end of the 1950 NFL season, the Browns and Giants had identical 10–2–0 records. To determine the team that would play in the NFL Championship Game, the NFL held a one-game conference playoff. The Browns won, 8–3.

Jump up ^ At the end of the 1956 season, the Browns and the Steelers ended the season with identical 5–7 records. There were no tie-breaking procedures, so the teams ended the season tied.

Jump up ^ At the end of the 1958 NFL season, the Browns and Giants had identical 9–3–0 records. To determine the team that would play in the NFL Championship Game, the NFL held a one-game conference playoff. The Giants shut the Browns out 10–0.

Jump up ^ At the end of the 1959 season, the Browns and the Eagles ended the season with identical 5–7 records. There were no tie-breaking procedures, so the teams ended the season tied.

Jump up ^ The Browns' championship win in 1964 is the second most recent championship won by any sports team from the Cleveland area. The most recent being the Cleveland Cavaliers Championship win over the Golden State Warriors in 2016.

Jump up ^ At the end of the 1966 season, the Browns and the Eagles ended the season with identical 9–5 records. There were no tie-breaking procedures, so the teams ended the season tied.

Jump up ^ For the 1978 season, the NFL expanded from a 14-game season to a 16-game season.

Jump up ^ This game involved the play Red Right 88 in its final minutes.

Jump up ^ The 1982 NFL season was shortened from 16 games per team to 9 games because of a players' strike. The NFL adopted a special 16-team playoff tournament; eight teams from each conference were seeded 1–8, and division standings were ignored.

Jump up ^ The 1987 Conference Championship game between the Browns and the Broncos is best remembered for The Drive, in which quarterback John Elway, over the span of 5 minutes and 2 seconds, lead the Broncos on a 98-yard drive to tie the game with 37 seconds remaining in regulation. The Broncos won the game in overtime with a field goal, 23–20.

Jump up ^ The 1987 NFL season was shortened from 16 games per team to 15 games because of a players' strike. Games to be played during the third week of the season were canceled, and replacement players were used to play games from weeks 4 through 6.

Jump up ^ The 1988 Conference Championship game between the Browns and the Broncos is best remembered for The Fumble, in which, while on a potentially game-winning drive, the Browns' running back Ernest Byner fumbled the ball at the Broncos 3-yard line with 65 seconds remaining on the clock. The Broncos recovered the ball, allowed the Browns to get an intentional safety, and won the game, 38–33.

Jump up ^ At the end of the 1988 season, the Browns and the Oilers ended the season with identical 10–6 records. Using the NFL's tie-breaking procedures, Cleveland finished ahead of Houston based on a better division record.

Jump up ^ The 1990 Conference Championship game between the Browns and the Broncos marked the third time in four years that John Elway defeated Bernie Kosar and the Browns in the AFC championship game.

Jump up ^ At the end of the 2001 season, the Browns and the Titans ended the season with identical 7–9 records. Using the NFL's tie-breaking procedures, Cleveland finished ahead of Tennessee based on a better division record.

Jump up ^ At the end of the 2005 season, the Browns and the Ravens ended the season with identical 6–10 records. Using the NFL's tie-breaking procedures, Baltimore finished ahead of Cleveland based on a better division record.

Jump up ^ At the end of the 2007 season, the Browns and the Pittsburgh Steelers ended the season with identical 10–6 records. Using the NFL's tie-breaking procedures, the Steelers finished ahead of the Browns based on winning both games against the Browns during the season.

^ Jump up to: a b c "Cleveland Browns Team Encyclopedia - Pro-Football-Reference.com". pro-football-reference.com. Retrieved 14 January 2017.


document_title: List of Lamborghini automobiles

question_text: what is the name of the newest lamborghini

text: List of Lamborghini automobiles

text: The following is a list of production automobiles manufactured by Lamborghini, listed in chronological order. Only the main models are listed; sub-models (e.g. limited edition variants, roadster variants, etc.) are not included. For a list of Lamborghini concept vehicles, see List of Lamborghini concept vehicles.

text:
Former Lamborghini production vehicles

Model
Duration of production
Numbers produced[1]
Engine
Top speed
Image

350 GT
1964–1966
135
V12 3.464-litre (211.4 cid)
254 km/h (158 mph)

400 GT
1966-1968
247
V12 3.929-litre (239.8 cid)
249 km/h (155 mph)

Miura
1966–1972
275
S: 338
SV: 150
V12 3.929-litre (239.8 cid)
290 km/h (180 mph)[2]
S: 276 km/h (171 mph)

Espada
1968–1978
1217
V12 3.929-litre (239.8 cid)
245 km/h (152 mph)

Islero
1968–1969
125
S: 100
V12 3.929-litre (239.8 cid)
248 km/h (154 mph)
S: 259 km/h (161 mph)

Jarama
1970–1976
176
S: 152
V12 3.929-litre (239.8 cid)
240 km/h (150 mph)

Urraco
1973–1979
P200: 66
P250: 520
P300: 190
V8 2.0-litre (122 cid)
V8 2.5-litre (153 cid)
V8 3.0-litre (183 cid)
230 km/h (140 mph)

Countach
1974–1990
LP500 Prototype: 1
LP400: 157
LP400S: 237
LP500S: 321
LP500S QV: 676
25th Anniversary: 650
V12 4.0-litre (240 cid)
V12 5.0-litre (290 cid)
V12 5.2-litre (320 cid)
254 km/h (158 mph)-295 km/h (183 mph)

Silhouette
1976–1979
54
V8 3.0-litre (182.8 cid)
260 km/h (160 mph)

Jalpa
1981–1988
410
V8 3.5-litre (213 cid)
234 km/h (145 mph)

LM002
1986–1993
328
V12 5.17-litre (315 cid)
210 km/h (130 mph)

Diablo
1990–2001
2884
GTR: 30
V12 5.7-litre (350 cid)
V12 6.0-litre (370 cid)
330 km/h (210 mph)

Murciélago
2001–2010
4099
V12 6.2-litre (380 cid)
V12 6.5-litre (400 cid)
330 km/h (210 mph)-343 km/h (213 mph)

Gallardo
2003–2013
14022[3]
V10 5.0-litre (303 cid)
V10 5.2-litre (317 cid)
309 km/h (192 mph)-325 km/h (202 mph)

Reventón
2008-2010
Coupe:20+1 for museum
Roadster: 15
V12 6.5-litre (400 cid)
355.98 km/h (221.20 mph)

Sesto Elemento
2012
20
V10 5.2-litre (317 cid)
352 km/h (219 mph)

Egoista
2013
1
V10 5.2-litre (317 cid)
350 km/h (217 mph)

Veneno
2013-2014
Prototype: 2 (1 for show, 1 for test)
Coupes: 3
Roadsters: in production, 9 projected[4][5]
V12 6.5-litre (397 cid)
356 km/h (221 mph)

text:
Current Lamborghini production vehicles

Model
Duration of production
Numbers produced[6]
Engine
Top speed
Image

Aventador
2011-present
in production
Aventador J: 1
LP700-4: 2392
LP700-4 Roadster: 421
LP720-4 50th Anniversary Coupe: 100
LP720-4 50th Anniversary Roadster: 100
LP750-4 SV: 600
LP750-4 SV Roadster: 500
LP750-4 S: xxx

V12 6.5-litre (397 cid)
(New L539)
349 km/h (217 mph)

Huracán
2014-present
Coupes: in production
Roadsters: in production
V10 5.2-litre
325 km/h (202 mph)

Centenario
2016-present
Coupes: 20 projected[7]
Roadsters: 20 projected[7]

V12 6.5litre
349km/h (217mph)

Urus
2018
SUV:
V8 4.0 litre
305km/h (190mph)