document_title: Giant (1956 film)

question_text: where was the movie giant filmed in texas

text: Giant (1956 film)

text: Plot[edit]

text: Wealthy Texas rancher Jordan "Bick" Benedict Jr. travels to Maryland to buy a horse. There he meets and courts socialite Leslie Lynnton, who ends a budding relationship with British diplomat Sir David Karfrey and marries Bick after a whirlwind romance. They return to Texas to start their life together on the family ranch, Reata, where Bick's older sister Luz runs the household. Leslie meets Jett Rink, a local handyman, and he becomes infatuated with her. On a ride with Jett, Leslie discovers the local Mexican workers' living conditions are terrible. After tending to one of the Mexican children, Angel Obregon II, she presses Bick to take steps to improve their condition.

text: When riding Leslie's beloved horse, War Winds, Luz expresses her hostility for Leslie by cruelly digging in her spurs. War Winds bucks her off, killing her. She leaves Jett a small piece of land on the Benedict ranch. Bick, who despises Jett, tries to buy back the land, but Jett refuses to sell. Jett makes the land his home and names it Little Reata. Over the next ten years, Leslie and Bick have twins, Jordan III ("Jordy") and Judy, and later have a daughter, Luz II.

text: After discovering oil within a footprint left by Leslie, Jett begins digging and strikes oil on his land. He then drives to the Benedict house, covered in crude, to proclaim to the Benedicts that he will be richer than them. Jett makes a pass at Leslie, and this leads to a brief fistfight with Bick before he drives off. Jett's oil drilling company prospers over the years, and he tries to persuade Bick to let him drill for oil on Reata. Bick is determined to preserve his family legacy, however, and refuses.

text: Meanwhile, tensions arise regarding the now-grown children. Bick insists that Jordy succeed him and run the ranch, but Jordy wants to become a doctor. Leslie wants Judy to attend finishing school in Switzerland, but Judy wants to study animal husbandry at Texas Tech. Both children succeed in pursuing their own vocations, each asking one parent to convince the other to let them have their way.

text: At the family Christmas party, Bick tries to interest Judy's new husband, Bob Dace, in working on the ranch after he returns from the recently declared war, but Dace refuses. Jett arrives and persuades Bick to allow oil production on his land. Realizing that his children will not take over the ranch when he retires, Bick agrees. Luz II, now in her teens, starts flirting with Jett. Once oil production starts on the ranch, the Benedict family becomes even wealthier and more powerful. Meanwhile, the now-grown Angel is killed in the war, and his body is sent home for burial.

text: The Benedict–Rink rivalry comes to a head when the Benedicts discover that Luz II and the much older Jett have been dating. At a huge party given by Jett in his own honor at his hotel in Austin, he orders his staff not to serve Jordy's Mexican wife, Juana. Enraged, Jordy tries to start a fight with Jett, who beats him and has him thrown out. Fed up, Bick challenges Jett to a fight. Drunk and almost incoherent, Jett leads the way to a wine storage room. Seeing that Jett is in no state to defend himself, Bick lowers his fists, and instead topples Jett's wine cellar shelves. The Benedict family leaves the party. Jett staggers into the banquet hall, takes his seat of honor, and passes out on the table. Later, Luz II sees Jett drunkenly bemoaning his unrequited love for Leslie. Luz II leaves, heartbroken, as Jett falls over onto the floor.

text: The next day, on their way home, the Benedicts stop at a diner with a sign at the counter saying, "We reserve the right to refuse service to anyone," which during the mid-twentieth century in the southern United States was often taken as meaning that ethnic minorities were not welcome. The racist owner, Sarge, insults Juana and her and Jordy's son Jordan IV. When the owner goes on to eject a Mexican family from the diner, Bick tells Sarge to leave them alone. Bick fights Sarge, who beats him, but then takes down the sign and tosses it on top of Bick. Back at the ranch, Bick laments that he has failed to preserve the Benedict family legacy. Leslie replies that, after the fight in the diner, he was her hero for the first time, and that she considers their own family legacy a success.

text: Cast[edit]

text:
Elizabeth Taylor as Leslie Lynnton Benedict
Rock Hudson as Jordan "Bick" Benedict Jr.
James Dean as Jett Rink
Jane Withers as Vashti Hake Snythe, the Benedicts' neighbor
Robert Nichols as Mort "Pinky" Snythe, Vashti's husband
Chill Wills as Uncle Bawley, Bick's uncle
Mercedes McCambridge as Luz Benedict, Bick's sister
Carroll Baker as Luz Benedict II, Leslie and Bick's daughter
Dennis Hopper as Jordan "Jordy" Benedict III, Leslie and Bick's son
Fran Bennett as Judy Benedict, Leslie and Bick's daughter
Earl Holliman as Robert "Bob" Dace, Judy's husband
Elsa Cárdenas as Juana Villalobos Benedict, Jordan III's wife
Paul Fix as Dr. Horace Lynnton, Leslie's father
Judith Evelyn as Mrs. Nancy Lynnton, Leslie's mother
Carolyn Craig as Lacy Lynnton, Leslie's sister
Rod Taylor as Sir David Karfrey, Lacy's husband
Sal Mineo as Angel Obregón II
Charles Watts as Judge Oliver Whiteside
Maurice Jara as Dr. Guerra
Alexander Scourby as Old Polo
Mickey Simpson as Sarge, owner of Sarge's Diner
Noreen Nash as Lola Lane

text: Nick Adams recorded some of James Dean's dialogue after Dean's death.

text: Production[edit]

text: Writing[edit]

text: Ferber's character of Jordan Benedict II and her description of the Reata Ranch were based on Robert "Bob" J. Kleberg Jr. (1896–1974) and the King Ranch in Kingsville, Texas. Like the over half-million-acre Reata, King Ranch comprises 825,000 acres (3,340 km2; 1,289 sq mi) and includes portions of six Texas counties, including most of Kleberg County and much of Kenedy County, and was largely a livestock ranch before the discovery of oil. The fictional character Jett Rink was inspired partly by the extraordinary rags-to-riches life story of the wildcatter oil tycoon Glenn Herbert McCarthy (1907–1988). Author Edna Ferber met McCarthy when she was a guest at his Houston, Texas, Shamrock Hotel (known as the Shamrock Hilton after 1955), the fictional Emperador Hotel in both the book and the film.

text: Casting[edit]

text: The Australian actor Rod Taylor was cast in one of his earliest Hollywood roles after being seen in an episode of Studio 57, "The Black Sheep's Daughter".[5]

text: Stevens gave Hudson a choice between Elizabeth Taylor and Grace Kelly to play his leading lady, Leslie. Hudson chose Taylor.[6]

text: After James Dean's death late in production, Nick Adams overdubbed some of Dean's lines, which were nearly inaudible, as Rink's voice.[7] George Stevens had a reputation as a meticulous film editor, and the film spent an entire year in the editing room.[8]

text: Filming[edit]

text: The film begins with Jordan "Bick" Benedict, played by Hudson, arriving at Ardmore, Maryland, to purchase a stallion from the Lynnton family. The first part of the picture was actually shot in Albemarle County, Virginia, and used the Keswick, Virginia, railroad station as the Ardmore railway depot.[9] Much of the subsequent film, depicting "Reata", the Benedict ranch, was shot in and around the town of Marfa, Texas, and the remote, dry plains found nearby, with interiors filmed at the Warner Brothers studios in Burbank, California.[10] The "Jett Rink Day" parade and airport festivities were filmed at the Burbank Airport.

text: Music[edit]

text: During the restaurant fight scene at the film's end, the jukebox plays The Yellow Rose of Texas by Mitch Miller. That version of the song happened to be the #1 pop single on the Billboard Magazine Best Sellers chart at the time of James Dean's death.

text: Themes[edit]

text: The movie is an epic portrayal of a powerful Texas ranching family challenged by changing times and the coming of big oil.[11] A major subplot concerns the racism of many Anglo-European Americans in Texas during the mid twentieth century and the discriminatory social segregation enforced against Mexican Americans.[12] In the first third of the film, Bick and Luz treat the Mexicans who work on their ranch condescendingly, which upsets the more socially-conscious Leslie. Bick eventually comes to realize his moral shortcomings – in a climactic scene at a roadside diner he loses a fistfight to the racist owner, but earns Leslie's respect for defending the human rights of his brown-skinned daughter-in-law and grandson. Another subplot involves Leslie's own striving for women's equal rights as she defies the patriarchal social order, asserting herself and expressing her own opinions when the men talk. She protests being expected to suppress her beliefs in deference to Bick's; this conflict leads to their temporary separation.[13]

text: Giant is Edna Ferber's third novel dealing with racism; the first was Show Boat (1926), which was adapted into the legendary Broadway musical Show Boat (1927); her second was Cimarron (1929), which was adapted to film twice, in 1931 and 1960.[14]

text: Release[edit]

text: Giant premiered in New York City on October 10, 1956,[15] with the local DuMont station, WABD, televising the arrival of cast and crew, as well as other celebrities and studio chief Jack L. Warner[citation needed]. The picture was released to nationwide distribution on November 24, 1956.[15]

text: Capitol Records, which had issued some of Dimitri Tiomkin's music from the soundtrack (with the composer conducting the Warner Brothers studio orchestra) on an LP, later digitally remastered the tracks and issued them on CD, including two tracks conducted by Ray Heindorf. Both versions used a monaural blend of the multi-channel soundtrack recording.[citation needed]

text: Reception[edit]

text: Giant won praise from both critics and the public, and according to the Texan author, Larry McMurtry, was especially popular with Texans, even though it was sharply critical of Texan society.[11] Bosley Crowther of the New York Times wrote that "George Stevens takes three hours and seventeen minutes to put his story across. That's a heap of time to go on about Texas, but Mr. Stevens has made a heap of film." He continued to write that "Giant, for all its complexity, is a strong contender for the year's top-film award."[16]

text: Variety's "Hift" claimed that Giant was "for the most part, an excellent film which registers strongly on all levels, whether it's in its breathtaking panoramic shots of the dusty Texas plains; the personal, dramatic impact of the story itself, or the resounding message it has to impart."[17]

text: TV Guide gave the film its maximum of four stars, saying of James Dean's performance "This was the last role in Dean's all-too-brief career – he was dead when the film was released – and his presence ran away with the film. He performs his role in the overwrought method manner of the era, and the rest of the cast seems to be split between awe of his talent and disgust over his indulgence."[18]

text: The film received a 95% approval rating on the review aggregator site Rotten Tomatoes, based on 39 reviews, with an average rating of 7.6/10.[19]

text: Less praising was director and critic Francois Truffaut, who in an early review called Giant a ”silly, solemn, sly, parternalistic, demagogic movie without any boldness, rich in all sorts of concessions, pettiness, and contemptible actions.”[1]

text: Box office[edit]

text: The movie earned $12 million in rentals in North America during its initial release.[20] It was one of the biggest hits of the year in France, with admissions of 3,723,209.[21]

text: Accolades[edit]

text: Academy Awards[edit]

text: Giant won the Academy Award for Best Director and was nominated nine other times, twice for Best Actor in a Leading Role (James Dean and Rock Hudson). The other nominations came in the categories of Best Actress in a Supporting Role (Mercedes McCambridge); Best Art Direction–Set Decoration, Color (Boris Leven, Ralph S. Hurst); Best Costume Design, Color; Best Film Editing; Best Music, Scoring of a Dramatic or Comedy Picture; Best Picture; and Best Writing, Best Screenplay – Adapted.[22]

text: Other honors[edit]

text: AFI's 100 Years...100 Movies – #82


document_title: 2017 Tour de France

question_text: where did le tour de france start in 2017

root

text: 2017 Tour de France

text: Teams[edit]

text: The 2017 edition of the Tour de France consisted of 22 teams.[1] All eighteen UCI WorldTeams were entitled, and obliged, to enter the race.[2] On 26 January 2017, the organiser of the Tour, Amaury Sport Organisation (ASO), announced the four second-tier UCI Professional Continental teams given wildcard invitations, of which three were French-based (Cofidis, Direct Énergie and Fortuneo–Oscaro) and one was Belgian (Wanty–Groupe Gobert, which participated in the race for the first time).[3] Fortuneo–Oscaro were initially invited to the race as Fortuneo–Vital Concept,[4] before a change of sponsorship prior to the opening day of racing.[5] The presentation of the teams – where the members of each team's roster are introduced in front of the media and local dignitaries – took place in front of a crowd of 15,000 at the Burgplatz (de) square in Düsseldorf, Germany, on 29 June, two days before the opening stage held in the city.[6]

tag: p

text: Each squad was allowed a maximum of nine riders, resulting in a start list total of 198 riders.[7] Of these, 49 were competing in their first Tour de France.[8] The total number of riders that finished the race was 167.[9] The riders came from 32 countries. Six countries had more than 10 riders in the race: France (39), Italy (18), Belgium (16), Germany (16), the Netherlands (15), and Spain (13).[7] The average age of riders in the race was 29.4 years,[10] ranging from the 22-year-old Élie Gesbert (Fortuneo–Oscaro) to the 40-year-old Haimar Zubeldia (Trek–Segafredo).[11][12] Cannondale–Drapac had the youngest average age while Team Dimension Data had the oldest.[13]

text: UCI WorldTeams

text:
AG2R La Mondiale
Astana
Bahrain–Merida
BMC Racing Team
Bora–Hansgrohe
Cannondale–Drapac
Team Dimension Data
FDJ
Team Katusha–Alpecin
LottoNL–Jumbo
Lotto–Soudal
Movistar Team
Orica–Scott
Quick-Step Floors
Team Sky
Team Sunweb
Trek–Segafredo
UAE Team Emirates

tag: ul

text: UCI Professional Continental teams

text:
Cofidis
Direct Énergie
Fortuneo–Oscaro
Wanty–Groupe Gobert

text: Pre-race favourites[edit]

text: In the lead up to the 2017 Tour de France, Chris Froome (Team Sky) was seen by many as the top pre-race favourite for the general classification.[14][15][16][17][18][excessive citations] His closest rivals were thought to be Richie Porte (BMC Racing Team), Nairo Quintana (Movistar Team), Alberto Contador (Trek–Segafredo), Romain Bardet (AG2R La Mondiale) and Fabio Aru (Astana).[16][17][18][19][20][21][22][excessive citations] The other riders considered contenders for the general classification were Alejandro Valverde (Movistar Team), Jakob Fuglsang (Astana), Thibaut Pinot (FDJ), Esteban Chaves (Orica–Scott), Geraint Thomas (Team Sky), Dan Martin (Quick-Step Floors), Simon Yates (Orica–Scott), and Louis Meintjes (UAE Team Emirates).[17][17][20][21][22][excessive citations]

text: Froome, who won the 2013, 2015 and 2016 editions of the Tour, had not won a race in the 2017 season prior to the Tour's start. His best result was fourth overall at the Critérium du Dauphiné, a race considered to be the warm-up for the Tour and one he has won before his three previous Tour victories. Despite this, he was thought to have one of the strongest teams in the race that would ride in total support of him.[16][18] The 32-year-old Porte, who placed fifth in the 2016 Tour, won the general classification in two stage races so far in 2017, the Tour Down Under and the Tour de Romandie, and came second in the Dauphiné.[18] Quintana, third in the 2016 Tour, placed second at the Giro d'Italia, with overalls wins at the Tirreno–Adriatico and the Volta a la Comunitat Valenciana earlier in the season.[21] The two-time winner (2007 and 2009) 34-year-old Contador came second overall in four stage races in 2017 before the Tour, Paris–Nice, the Vuelta a Andalucía, the Volta a Catalunya and the Tour of the Basque Country.[21] Bardet, the 2017 Tour runner-up, placed sixth overall in the Dauphiné, with his best other result sixth in the one-day Classic race Liège–Bastogne–Liège.[18] Aru started the Tour sharing team leadership with the Dauphiné winner Fuglsang. Aru won the Italian National Road Race Championships a week before the Tour and placed fifth at the Dauphiné.[21]

text: The sprinters considered favourites for the points classification and wins on the flat or hilly bunch sprint finishes were Peter Sagan (Bora–Hansgrohe), Marcel Kittel (Quick-Step Floors), Mark Cavendish (Team Dimension Data), André Greipel (Lotto–Soudal), and Alexander Kristoff (Team Katusha–Alpecin). Others expected to contend for sprint finishes included Michael Matthews (Team Sunweb), Arnaud Démare (FDJ), Dylan Groenewegen (LottoNL–Jumbo), John Degenkolb (Trek–Segafredo), Sonny Colbrelli (UAE Team Emirates) and Nacer Bouhanni (Cofidis).[19][23][24][25][26][27][excessive citations] Double reigning world road race champion Sagan had won the five previous points classifications of the Tour, one away from matching Erik Zabel's record of six from 1996 to 2001.[19][28] His form in the 2017 season before the Tour included winning the one-day race Kuurne–Brussels–Kuurne and the points classifications in Tirreno–Adriatico, the Tour de Suisse and the Tour of California.[29] Kittel had gained eight wins so far in 2017, as well as the general and points classifications in the Dubai Tour at the start of the season.[30] Cavendish's season before the Tour was affected by glandular fever, missing around three months;[19] his only success had been a stage win and the points classification at the Abu Dhabi Tour.[31] Greipel had amassed four wins in 2017 before the Tour, including one at the Giro.[26] Kristoff had taken six wins so far in 2017, and the points classifications at the Tour of Oman, the Étoile de Bessèges and the Three Days of De Panne.[32]

text: Route and stages[edit]

text: The start of the 2017 Tour de France (known as the Grand Départ) was originally scheduled to be in London, United Kingdom; this would have been the third time the Tour had visited London, following the 2007 and 2014 editions. In September 2015, a week before this was due to be announced, Transport for London pulled out of the bid.[33] It was later revealed that this was the decision of the then Mayor of London, Boris Johnson, on the grounds of cost: hosting the Grand Depart would have cost £35 million.[34] In December 2015, the ASO announced that the Grand Départ would take place with stages based in Düsseldorf; the fourth time the Tour has begun in Germany and the first since 1987. The bid to host the Tour was only narrowly approved by the city council. The return to Germany followed a resurgence in German professional cycling.[35] On 14 January 2016, details of the opening two stages were announced. The first stage would be a 13-kilometre (8.1 mi) individual time trial in Düsseldorf itself. The second stage would also begin in Düsseldorf.[36] The full route was announced by race director Christian Prudhomme on 18 October 2016 at the Palais des Congrès in Paris.[37]

text: After the first time trial, the race left Germany during stage two, which finished in the Belgian city of Liège.[38] Stage three headed south, and after a brief passage through Luxembourg, ended with a climb in Longwy.[39] After a transitional stage, stage five saw the first major climb, the finish at La Planche des Belles Filles.[38] The next two stages headed south-west,[38] before stage eight in the Jura Mountains, featured three categorised climbs.[40] The ninth stage included the steep climbs of the Col de la Biche (fr), the Col du Grand Colombier, and, after a 42-year absence, the Signal du Mont du Chat, its summit 25 km (15.5 mi) from the finish in Chambéry.[41][42] After a transfer during the rest day, stage ten took place in the Dordogne region, between Périgueux and Bergerac. Stage eleven was a transitional stage, followed by two stages in the Pyrenees. Stage twelve started from Pau and ended at the Peyragudes ski resort.[38] The next stage was short, at 110 km (68 mi), but included three climbs before a descent finish into Foix.[43] After leaving the Pyrenees, the riders headed north-east; stage fourteen finished with a climb towards the end of the stage.[44] Stage fifteen featured the first appearance of the Col de Peyra Taillade, with its conclusion in Le Puy-en-Velay.[45] Stage sixteen, the first after the final rest day, was a transitional stage, heading east, towards the Alps.[38] Stage seventeen included the Col d'Ornon, the Col de la Croix de Fer, the Col du Télégraphe and the highest point of elevation in the race, the Col du Galibier, before a descent finish into Serre Chevalier.[46] Stage eighteen was the final day of mountains; it had two climbs, the Col de Vars and the finishing climb, the Col d'Izoard.[47] It was the first time the Tour finished on the 2,360 m (7,743 ft)-high mountain pass.[48] After another transitional stage, heading south, came stage twenty, a 23 km (14.3 mi) individual time trial in Marseille.[38] Starting at the Stade Vélodrome, the course headed around the city, designated 2017 European Capital of Sport, before ending also at the Stade Vélodrome.[49] The final stage started in Montgeron, which hosted the start of the first Tour, before concluding with the traditional laps of the Champs-Élysées.[37][38]

text: There were 21 stages in the race, covering a total distance of 3,540 km (2,200 mi), 13 km (8.1 mi) shorter than the 2016 Tour.[38][50] There were two time trial events, both of which were individual, a total of 36 km (22.4 mi).[38] Of the remaining nineteen stages, eight were officially classified as flat, six as medium mountain and five as high mountain.[51][38] The longest mass-start stage was stage 19, at 222.5 km (138 mi), and the shortest was stage 13, at 101 km (63 mi).[38] For the first time since the 1992 edition, the route included all five of mainland France's mountainous regions; the Vosges, the Jura, the Pyrenees, the Massif Central and the Alps.[52][53] There were summit finishes on stage 12 to Peyragudes and stage 18 to the Col d'Izoard. Additionally, the hilly stage 3 had a hilltop finish in Longwy, and stage 5 ended at La Planche des Belles Filles.[54] There were seven hors catégorie (English: "out of category") rated climbs in the race.[54] The Tour included ten new start or finish locations. The rest days were after stage 9, in the Dordogne, and 15, in Le Puy-en-Velay.[38]

text:
Stage characteristics and winners[55][38]

Stage
Date
Course
Distance
Type
Winner

1
1 July
Düsseldorf (Germany)
14 km (9 mi)

Individual time trial
 Geraint Thomas (GBR)

2
2 July
Düsseldorf (Germany) to Liège (Belgium)
203.5 km (126 mi)

Flat stage
 Marcel Kittel (GER)

3
3 July
Verviers (Belgium) to Longwy
212.5 km (132 mi)

Medium mountain stage
 Peter Sagan (SVK)

4
4 July
Mondorf-les-Bains (Luxembourg) to Vittel
207.5 km (129 mi)

Flat stage
 Arnaud Démare (FRA)

5
5 July
Vittel to La Planche des Belles Filles
160.5 km (100 mi)

Medium mountain stage
 Fabio Aru (ITA)

6
6 July
Vesoul to Troyes
216 km (134 mi)

Flat stage
 Marcel Kittel (GER)

7
7 July
Troyes to Nuits-Saint-Georges
213.5 km (133 mi)

Flat stage
 Marcel Kittel (GER)

8
8 July
Dole to Station des Rousses
187.5 km (117 mi)

Medium mountain stage
 Lilian Calmejane (FRA)

9
9 July
Nantua to Chambéry
181.5 km (113 mi)

High mountain stage
 Rigoberto Urán (COL)

10 July
Dordogne

Rest day

10
11 July
Périgueux to Bergerac
178 km (111 mi)

Flat stage
 Marcel Kittel (GER)

11
12 July
Eymet to Pau
203.5 km (126 mi)

Flat stage
 Marcel Kittel (GER)

12
13 July
Pau to Peyragudes
214.5 km (133 mi)

High mountain stage
 Romain Bardet (FRA)

13
14 July
Saint-Girons to Foix
101 km (63 mi)

High mountain stage
 Warren Barguil (FRA)

14
15 July
Blagnac to Rodez
181.5 km (113 mi)

Medium mountain stage
 Michael Matthews (AUS)

15
16 July
Laissac-Sévérac-l'Église to Le Puy-en-Velay
189.5 km (118 mi)

Medium mountain stage
 Bauke Mollema (NED)

17 July
Le Puy-en-Velay

Rest day

16
18 July
Le Puy-en-Velay to Romans-sur-Isère
165 km (103 mi)

Medium mountain stage
 Michael Matthews (AUS)

17
19 July
La Mure to Serre Chevalier
183 km (114 mi)

High mountain stage
 Primož Roglič (SLO)

18
20 July
Briançon to Col d'Izoard
179.5 km (112 mi)

High mountain stage
 Warren Barguil (FRA)

19
21 July
Embrun to Salon-de-Provence
222.5 km (138 mi)

Flat stage
 Edvald Boasson Hagen (NOR)

20
22 July
Marseille
22.5 km (14 mi)

Individual time trial
 Maciej Bodnar (POL)

21
23 July
Montgeron to Paris (Champs-Élysées)
103 km (64 mi)

Flat stage
 Dylan Groenewegen (NED)

Total
3,540 km (2,200 mi)

tag: table

text: Race overview[edit]

text: The opening stage's individual time trial was won by Geraint Thomas with a time of 16 min 4 s over the 14 km (8.7 mi) course. Thomas took the yellow and green jerseys as the leader of the general and points classifications respectively. Chris Froome was the highest placed of the general classification favourites, in sixth place, sixteen seconds down.[57] Overall contender Alejandro Valverde crashed on the wet roads and his injuries forced him to withdraw from the Tour.[58] Marcel Kittel won stage two's bunch sprint, and with it the green jersey. Breakaway rider Taylor Phinney (Cannondale–Drapac) took the first polka dot jersey as the leader of the mountains classification.[59] The uphill sprint finish of stage three was won by Peter Sagan; Nathan Brown (Cannondale–Drapac) took over the polka dot jersey.[60] The fourth stage ended with a bunch sprint and was won by Arnaud Démare (FDJ), with him also taking the green jersey.[61] There were two crashes leading up to the finish, the first was in the peloton around 1 km (0.6 mi) to go and the second involved the sprinters at the end. In the sprint finish, Mark Cavendish crashed into the barriers at the side of the road, withdrawing later that day from the race from his injuries. Sagan, second in the stage, was disqualified after race officials judged that he caused Cavendish to crash, with the jury president Philippe Marien saying that he "endangered some of his colleagues seriously".[62][63]

text: In the fifth stage, a group containing the overall contenders caught the last of the breakaway riders 5 km (3.1 mi) from the summit finish at La Planche des Belles Filles. With 2.4 km (1.5 mi) remaining, Fabio Aru attacked and won with a margin of sixteen seconds over the group. Thomas lost twenty seconds on the group and lost the yellow jersey to teammate Froome. Aru took over the lead of the mountains classification.[64] Kittel won the following two stages which ended in bunch sprints.[65][66] The latter stage was decided by a photo finish, with Kittel 6 mm ahead of Edvald Boasson Hagen (Team Dimension Data); Kittel regained the green jersey.[66] In stage eight, the first high mountain stage, Lilian Calmejane of Direct Énergie attacked over the category 1 climb of Montée de la Combe de Laisia Les Molunes from a six-strong lead breakaway and soloed for 11.5 km (7.1 mi) to take the win 37 seconds ahead of second placed and lone chaser Robert Gesink (LottoNL–Jumbo). Calmejane put himself into the polka dot jersey.[67] The ninth stage saw a select group of general classification favourites join Warren Barguil (Team Sunweb) after the final of the Mont du Chat and contest a sprint finish, won by Rigoberto Urán (Cannondale–Drapac). Barguil took lead of the mountains classification.[68] Richie Porte crashed descending the Mont du Chat whilst in the group of overall contenders and withdrew from the race.[69] The following day was the Tour's first rest rest day.[38]

text: Stages ten and eleven were won from bunch sprints by Kittel, taking his total of wins at the race to five.[70] The twelfth stage saw the overall contenders all reach the foot of the short steep climb to Peyragudes; Romain Bardet won by a margin of two seconds. Froome came seventh, 22 seconds down, and lost the overall lead to third-placed Aru.[71] The 101 km (62.8 mi)-long stage thirteen was won by Barguil, who won the sprint after a descent from an elite group with Nairo Quintana, Alberto Contador and Mikel Landa (Team Sky). The chasing group of overall contenders came in 1 min 39 s down.[72] In the fourteenth stage, a reduced peloton contested the uphill sprint finish at Rodez, which was won Team Sunweb rider Michael Matthews. Aru's advantage of six seconds over Froome was changed to a deficit of eighteen, after Aru came in thirty seconds down in thirtieth place and Froome was seventh, one second behind the Matthews.[73]

text: Stage fifteen saw Trek–Segafredo's Bauke Mollema attack a breakaway group over the top of the Col de Peyra Taillade with 31 km (19.3 mi) to go and solo to victory. In the large group containing the overall contenders, Bardet's team AG2R La Mondiale forced a high pace on the Peyra Taillade. A further 6 km (3.7 mi) later on the climb, Froome suffered a broken spoke, and, after receiving a new wheel from a teammate and some assistance from three other teammates, he was able to chase back up to the group.[74][75] The next day was the second rest day of the race.[38] In the sixteenth stage, the high pace set by Matthews's Team Sunweb dropped the green jersey wearer Kittel; Matthews, who was second to Kittel in points classification, won the stage.[76] Primož Roglič (LottoNL–Jumbo), second behind Barguil in the mountains classification, won the following mountainous stage after a solo attack on the Col du Galibier, finishing in Serre Chevalier after a descent over a minute ahead of a four-man group containing the new top overall top three in the general classification Froome, Urán and Bardet, respectively, and also Barguil. Aru dropped from second overall to fourth. Kittel crashed and withdrew from the Tour, putting Matthews in the green jersey.[77]

text: The final high mountain stage of the Tour, the eighteenth, saw Barguil claim his second victory of the race on the summit finish at Col d'Izoard; he was initially caught by the group of overall favourites on the final climb after being the one of last survivors from the breakaway, with only Darwin Atapuma (UAE Team Emirates) ahead. Barguil's winning move came with 3 km (1.9 mi) remaining, passing Atapuma to win by twenty seconds. A three-way sprint for fourth place saw Bardet finish just ahead of Froome with Urán placing fifth; Bardet moved up to second overall, six seconds ahead of Urán, with Froome holding a 23 second advantage.[78] Boasson Hagen won stage nineteen with an attack from a reduced breakaway with 2.5 km (1.6 mi) to go.[79] Maciej Bodnar of Bora–Hansgrohe won the 22.5 km (14.0 mi) individual time trial of the penultimate stage, setting a time of 28 min 15 s. Froome was third, six seconds down, increasing his lead in the general classification to 54 seconds. Bardet dropped to third overall after he lost over two minutes in the stage, and Urán was 31 seconds in arrears.[80]

text: The final stage in Paris was won by Dylan Groenewegen in a bunch sprint on the Champs-Élysées. Froome finished the race to win his fourth Tour de France.[81] Urán placed second overall, 54 seconds down, with Bardet 2 min 20 s behind, just one second ahead of Landa (fourth overall). Matthews won the points classification with a total of 370, 136 ahead of André Greipel in second. Barguil won the mountains classification with 169 points, 89 ahead of second-placed Roglič. The best young rider was seventh-placed overall Simon Yates, who was followed by Louis Meintjes (eighth overall) in second, 2 min 6 s down. An Orica–Scott rider won the classification for the second consecutive year, after Yates' twin brother Adam won in 2016. Team Sky finished as the winners of the team classification, 7 min 14 s ahead of second-placed AG2R La Mondiale.[9]

text: Classification leadership[edit]

text: There were four main individual classifications being contested in the 2017 Tour de France, as well as a team competition. The most important was the general classification, which was calculated by adding each rider's finishing times on each stage.[82] Time bonuses were awarded at the end of every stage apart from the two individual time trials. The first three riders get 10, 6, and 4 seconds, respectively.[83] For crashes within the final 3 km (1.9 mi) of a stage, not including time trials and summit finishes, any rider involved received the same time as the group they were in when the crash occurred.[84] The rider with the lowest cumulative time was the winner of the general classification and was considered to be the overall winner of the Tour.[82] The rider leading the classification wore a yellow jersey.[85]

text:
Points classification points for the top 15 positions by type[82]

Type
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15

Flat stage
50
30
20
18
16
14
12
10
8
7
6
5
4
3
2

Medium mountain stage
30
25
22
19
17
15
13
11
9

High mountain stage
20
17
15
13
11
10
9
8
7
6
5
4
3
2
1

Individual time trial

Intermediate sprint

text: The second classification was the points classification. Riders received points for finishing among the highest placed in a stage finish, or in intermediate sprints during the stage. The points available for each stage finish were determined by the stage's type.[82] The leader was identified by a green jersey.[85]

text: The third classification was the mountains classification. Points were awarded to the riders that reached the summit of the most difficult climbs first. The climbs were categorized, in order of increasing difficulty, as fourth-, third-, second-, and first-category and hors catégorie.[82] Double points were awarded on the summit finish of the Col d'Izoard on stage 18.[82] The leader wore a white jersey with red polka dots.[85]

text: The final individual classification was the young rider classification. This was calculated the same way as the general classification, but the classification was restricted to riders who were born on or after 1 January 1992.[83] The leader wore a white jersey.[85]

text: The final classification was a team classification. This was calculated using the finishing times of the best three riders per team on each stage; the leading team was the team with the lowest cumulative time. The number of stage victories and placings per team determined the outcome of a tie.[83] The riders in the team that led this classification were identified with yellow number bibs on the back of their jerseys and yellow helmets.[85]

text: In addition, there was a combativity award given after each stage to the rider considered, by a jury, to have "made the greatest effort and who demonstrated the best qualities of sportsmanship".[83] No combativity awards were given for the time trials and the final stage.[86] The winner wore a red number bib the following stage.[83] At the conclusion of the Tour, Warren Barguil won the overall super-combativity award,[9] again, decided by a jury.[83]

text: A total of €2,280,950 was awarded in cash prizes in the race.[86] The overall winner of the general classification received €500,000, with the second and third placed riders getting €200,000 and €100,000 respectively.[87] All finishers in the top 160 were awarded with money.[87] The holders of the classifications benefited on each stage they led; the final winners of the points and mountains were given €25,000, while the best young rider and most combative rider got €20,000.[88] The team classification winners were given €50,000.[89] €11,000 was given to the winners of each stage of the race, with smaller amounts given to places 2–20.[87] There was also a special award with a prize of €5,000, the Souvenir Henri Desgrange, given to first rider (Primož Roglič) to pass the summit of the highest climb in the Tour, the Col du Galibier on stage seventeen.[86][77]

text:
Classification leadership by stage

Stage
Winner
General classification

Points classification

Mountains classification

Young rider classification

Team classification

Combativity award

1
Geraint Thomas
Geraint Thomas
Geraint Thomas[a]
no award
Stefan Küng[a]
Team Sky
no award

2
Marcel Kittel
Marcel Kittel
Taylor Phinney
Yoann Offredo

3
Peter Sagan
Nathan Brown
Pierre Latour
Lilian Calmejane

4
Arnaud Démare
Arnaud Démare
Guillaume Van Keirsbulck

5
Fabio Aru
Chris Froome
Fabio Aru
Simon Yates
Philippe Gilbert

6
Marcel Kittel
Vegard Stake Laengen

7
Marcel Kittel
Marcel Kittel
Dylan van Baarle

8
Lilian Calmejane
Lilian Calmejane
Lilian Calmejane

9
Rigoberto Urán
Warren Barguil
Warren Barguil

10
Marcel Kittel
Élie Gesbert

11
Marcel Kittel
Maciej Bodnar

12
Romain Bardet
Fabio Aru
Steve Cummings

13
Warren Barguil
Alberto Contador

14
Michael Matthews
Chris Froome
Thomas De Gendt

15
Bauke Mollema
Bauke Mollema

16
Michael Matthews
Sylvain Chavanel

17
Primož Roglič
Michael Matthews
Alberto Contador

18
Warren Barguil
Darwin Atapuma

19
Edvald Boasson Hagen
Jens Keukeleire

20
Maciej Bodnar
no award

21
Dylan Groenewegen

Final
Chris Froome
Michael Matthews
Warren Barguil
Simon Yates
Team Sky
Warren Barguil

text: Final standings[edit]

text:
Legend

Denotes the winner of the general classification[85]

Denotes the winner of the mountains classification[85]

Denotes the winner of the points classification[85]

Denotes the winner of the young rider classification[85]

Denotes the winner of the team classification[85]

Denotes the winner of the combativity award[85]

text: General classification[edit]

text:
Final general classification (1–10)[9]

Rank
Rider
Team
Time

1
 Chris Froome (GBR)
Team Sky
86h 20' 55"

2
 Rigoberto Urán (COL)
Cannondale–Drapac
+ 54"

3
 Romain Bardet (FRA)
AG2R La Mondiale
+ 2' 20"

4
 Mikel Landa (ESP)
Team Sky
+ 2' 21"

5
 Fabio Aru (ITA)
Astana
+ 3' 05"

6
 Dan Martin (IRL)
Quick-Step Floors
+ 4' 42"

7
 Simon Yates (GBR)
Orica–Scott
+ 6' 14"

8
 Louis Meintjes (RSA)
UAE Team Emirates
+ 8' 20"

9
 Alberto Contador (ESP)
Trek–Segafredo
+ 8' 49"

10
 Warren Barguil (FRA)
Team Sunweb
+ 9' 25"

text:
[show]Final general classification (11–167)[9]

Rank
Rider
Team
Time

11
 Damiano Caruso (ITA)
BMC Racing Team
+ 14' 48"

12
 Nairo Quintana (COL)
Movistar Team
+ 15' 28"

13
 Alexis Vuillermoz (FRA)
AG2R La Mondiale
+ 24' 38"

14
 Mikel Nieve (ESP)
Team Sky
+ 25' 28"

15
 Emanuel Buchmann (GER)
Bora–Hansgrohe
+ 33' 21"

16
 Brice Feillu (FRA)
Fortuneo–Oscaro
+ 36' 46"

17
 Bauke Mollema (NED)
Trek–Segafredo
+ 37' 43"

18
 Carlos Betancur (COL)
Movistar Team
+ 37' 47"

19
 Serge Pauwels (BEL)
Team Dimension Data
+ 39' 36"

20
 Tiesj Benoot (BEL)
Lotto–Soudal
+ 42' 04"

21
 Tony Gallopin (FRA)
Lotto–Soudal
+ 42' 39"

22
 Jan Bakelants (BEL)
AG2R La Mondiale
+ 50' 04"

23
 Guillaume Martin (FRA)
Wanty–Groupe Gobert
+ 53' 52"

24
 Roman Kreuziger (CZE)
Orica–Scott
+ 59' 58"

25
 Sylvain Chavanel (FRA)
Direct Énergie
+ 1h 04' 22"

26
 Romain Hardy (FRA)
Fortuneo–Oscaro
+ 1h 12' 51"

27
 Daniel Navarro (ESP)
Cofidis
+ 1h 15' 26"

28
 Sergio Henao (COL)
Team Sky
+ 1h 16' 32"

29
 Pierre Latour (FRA)
AG2R La Mondiale
+ 1h 18' 45"

30
 Mathias Frank (SUI)
AG2R La Mondiale
+ 1h 21' 16"

31
 Robert Kišerlovski (CRO)
Team Katusha–Alpecin
+ 1h 25' 25"

32
 Amaël Moinard (FRA)
BMC Racing Team
+ 1h 32' 02"

33
 Nicolas Roche (IRL)
BMC Racing Team
+ 1h 32' 35"

34
 Thomas Degand (BEL)
Wanty–Groupe Gobert
+ 1h 34' 02"

35
 Lilian Calmejane (FRA)
Direct Énergie
+ 1h 35' 16"

36
 Rudy Molard (FRA)
FDJ
+ 1h 35' 55"

37
 Ben Gastauer (LUX)
AG2R La Mondiale
+ 1h 38' 33"

38
 Primož Roglič (SLO)
LottoNL–Jumbo
+ 1h 44' 41"

39
 Diego Ulissi (ITA)
UAE Team Emirates
+ 1h 45' 23"

40
 Marco Minnaard (NED)
Wanty–Groupe Gobert
+ 1h 48' 11"

41
 Darwin Atapuma (COL)
UAE Team Emirates
+ 1h 50' 31"

42
 Pierre-Luc Périchon (FRA)
Fortuneo–Oscaro
+ 1h 57' 29"

43
 Nathan Brown (USA)
Cannondale–Drapac
+ 1h 57' 52"

44
 Andrey Zeits (KAZ)
Astana
+ 1h 59' 09"

45
 Janez Brajkovič (SLO)
Bahrain–Merida
+ 2h 00' 38"

46
 Jarlinson Pantano (COL)
Trek–Segafredo
+ 2h 01' 30"

47
 Daryl Impey (RSA)
Orica–Scott
+ 2h 01' 59"

48
 Cyril Gautier (FRA)
AG2R La Mondiale
+ 2h 03' 24"

49
 Andrew Talansky (USA)
Cannondale–Drapac
+ 2h 03' 27"

50
 Kristijan Đurasek (CRO)
UAE Team Emirates
+ 2h 04' 53"

51
 Thomas De Gendt (BEL)
Lotto–Soudal
+ 2h 05' 36"

52
 Haimar Zubeldia (ESP)
Trek–Segafredo
+ 2h 06' 30"

53
 Gianluca Brambilla (ITA)
Quick-Step Floors
+ 2h 06' 57"

54
 Pierre Rolland (FRA)
Cannondale–Drapac
+ 2h 11' 54"

55
 Maxime Bouet (FRA)
Fortuneo–Oscaro
+ 2h 13' 23"

56
 Luis Ángel Maté (ESP)
Cofidis
+ 2h 15' 28"

57
 Michał Kwiatkowski (POL)
Team Sky
+ 2h 17' 48"

58
 Greg Van Avermaet (BEL)
BMC Racing Team
+ 2h 19' 14"

59
 Jens Keukeleire (BEL)
Orica–Scott
+ 2h 22' 26"

60
 Jonathan Castroviejo (ESP)
Movistar Team
+ 2h 22' 44"

61
 Michael Valgren (DEN)
Astana
+ 2h 25' 36"

62
 Esteban Chaves (COL)
Orica–Scott
+ 2h 27' 34"

63
 Oliver Naesen (BEL)
AG2R La Mondiale
+ 2h 28' 02"

64
 Simon Geschke (GER)
Team Sunweb
+ 2h 28' 57"

65
 Eduardo Sepúlveda (ARG)
Fortuneo–Oscaro
+ 2h 31' 05"

66
 Romain Sicard (FRA)
Direct Énergie
+ 2h 33' 24"

67
 Laurens ten Dam (NED)
Team Sunweb
+ 2h 34' 56"

68
 Axel Domont (FRA)
AG2R La Mondiale
+ 2h 35' 33"

69
 Michael Matthews (AUS)
Team Sunweb
+ 2h 36' 36"

70
 Koen de Kort (NED)
Trek–Segafredo
+ 2h 38' 33"

71
 Alexey Lutsenko (KAZ)
Astana
+ 2h 39' 10"

72
 Michael Schär (SUI)
BMC Racing Team
+ 2h 41' 54"

73
 Tsgabu Grmay (ETH)
Bahrain–Merida
+ 2h 42' 15"

74
 Tiago Machado (POR)
Team Katusha–Alpecin
+ 2h 43' 36"

75
 Maurits Lammertink (NED)
Team Katusha–Alpecin
+ 2h 44' 01"

76
 Nicolas Edet (FRA)
Cofidis
+ 2h 45' 11"

77
 Dylan van Baarle (NED)
Cannondale–Drapac
+ 2h 47' 11"

78
 Edvald Boasson Hagen (NOR)
Team Dimension Data
+ 2h 48' 12"

79
 Stefan Küng (SUI)
BMC Racing Team
+ 2h 49' 17"

80
 Paweł Poljański (POL)
Bora–Hansgrohe
+ 2h 53' 42"

81
 Danilo Wyss (SUI)
BMC Racing Team
+ 2h 53' 51"

82
 Paul Martens (GER)
LottoNL–Jumbo
+ 2h 54' 14"

83
 Ben Swift (GBR)
UAE Team Emirates
+ 2h 54' 48"

84
 Nikias Arndt (GER)
Team Sunweb
+ 2h 54' 54"

85
 Élie Gesbert (FRA)
Fortuneo–Oscaro
+ 2h 55' 13"

86
 Simon Clarke (AUS)
Cannondale–Drapac
+ 2h 55' 27"

87
 Andrey Amador (CRC)
Movistar Team
+ 2h 56' 43"

88
 Damien Howson (AUS)
Orica–Scott
+ 2h 56' 57"

89
 Angelo Tulik (FRA)
Direct Énergie
+ 2h 57' 05"

90
 Alberto Bettiol (ITA)
Cannondale–Drapac
+ 2h 57' 56"

91
 Thomas Voeckler (FRA)
Direct Énergie
+ 2h 58' 51"

92
 Imanol Erviti (ESP)
Movistar Team
+ 3h 00' 21"

93
 Bakhtiyar Kozhatayev (KAZ)
Astana
+ 3h 04' 11"

94
 Jay McCarthy (AUS)
Bora–Hansgrohe
+ 3h 05' 13"

95
 Nils Politt (GER)
Team Katusha–Alpecin
+ 3h 05' 52"

96
 Marco Marcato (ITA)
UAE Team Emirates
+ 3h 05' 53"

97
 Jesús Herrada (ESP)
Movistar Team
+ 3h 06' 05"

98
 Michael Albasini (SUI)
Orica–Scott
+ 3h 06' 55"

99
 Alessandro De Marchi (ITA)
BMC Racing Team
+ 3h 07' 25"

100
 Pieter Vanspeybrouck (BEL)
Wanty–Groupe Gobert
+ 3h 09' 38"

101
 Tony Martin (GER)
Team Katusha–Alpecin
+ 3h 10' 18"

102
 Zdeněk Štybar (CZE)
Quick-Step Floors
+ 3h 12' 12"

103
 Florian Vachon (FRA)
Fortuneo–Oscaro
+ 3h 13' 10"

104
 Daniele Bennati (ITA)
Movistar Team
+ 3h 13' 44"

105
 Jack Bauer (NZL)
Quick-Step Floors
+ 3h 15' 13"

106
 Perrig Quéméneur (FRA)
Direct Énergie
+ 3h 15' 40"

107
 Scott Thwaites (GBR)
Team Dimension Data
+ 3h 16' 28"

108
 Jasha Sütterlin (GER)
Movistar Team
+ 3h 17' 53"

109
 Yukiya Arashiro (JPN)
Bahrain–Merida
+ 3h 18' 16"

110
 Yoann Offredo (FRA)
Wanty–Groupe Gobert
+ 3h 20' 50"

111
 Matteo Bono (ITA)
UAE Team Emirates
+ 3h 20' 59"

112
 Vasil Kiryienka (BLR)
Team Sky
+ 3h 21' 15"

113
 Adam Hansen (AUS)
Lotto–Soudal
+ 3h 22' 31"

114
 Patrick Bevin (NZL)
Cannondale–Drapac
+ 3h 23' 00"

115
 Dmitriy Gruzdev (KAZ)
Astana
+ 3h 24' 42"

116
 Maciej Bodnar (POL)
Bora–Hansgrohe
+ 3h 26' 58"

117
 Julien Simon (FRA)
Cofidis
+ 3h 29' 21"

118
 Reinardt Janse van Rensburg (RSA)
Team Dimension Data
+ 3h 30' 54"

119
 Javier Moreno (ESP)
Bahrain–Merida
+ 3h 32' 06"

120
 Andriy Hrivko (UKR)
Astana
+ 3h 32' 14"

121
 John Degenkolb (GER)
Trek–Segafredo
+ 3h 35' 14"

122
 Sonny Colbrelli (ITA)
Bahrain–Merida
+ 3h 36' 22"

123
 Lars Bak (DEN)
Lotto–Soudal
+ 3h 37' 04"

124
 Dion Smith (NZL)
Wanty–Groupe Gobert
+ 3h 39' 24"

125
 Laurent Pichon (FRA)
Fortuneo–Oscaro
+ 3h 39' 45"

126
 Adrien Petit (FRA)
Direct Énergie
+ 3h 41' 34"

127
 Vegard Stake Laengen (NOR)
UAE Team Emirates
+ 3h 41' 52"

128
 Cyril Lemoine (FRA)
Cofidis
+ 3h 43' 45"

129
 Mike Teunissen (NED)
Team Sunweb
+ 3h 43' 52"

130
 Alexander Kristoff (NOR)
Team Katusha–Alpecin
+ 3h 45' 40"

131
 Marcus Burghardt (GER)
Bora–Hansgrohe
+ 3h 45' 57"

132
 Frederik Backaert (BEL)
Wanty–Groupe Gobert
+ 3h 46' 36"

133
 Christophe Laporte (FRA)
Cofidis
+ 3h 46' 47"

134
 Yohann Gène (FRA)
Direct Énergie
+ 3h 47' 08"

135
 Markel Irizar (ESP)
Trek–Segafredo
+ 3h 47' 10"

136
 Jürgen Roelandts (BEL)
Lotto–Soudal
+ 3h 47' 20"

137
 Andrea Pasqualon (ITA)
Wanty–Groupe Gobert
+ 3h 51' 18"

138
 Nacer Bouhanni (FRA)
Cofidis
+ 3h 51' 29"

139
 Julien Vermote (BEL)
Quick-Step Floors
+ 3h 52' 54"

140
 Thomas Boudat (FRA)
Direct Énergie
+ 3h 53' 08"

141
 Stephen Cummings (GBR)
Team Dimension Data
+ 3h 53' 10"

142
 Roy Curvers (NED)
Team Sunweb
+ 3h 53' 38"

143
 Grega Bole (SLO)
Bahrain–Merida
+ 3h 55' 29"

144
 Christian Knees (GER)
Team Sky
+ 3h 55' 31"

145
 Rick Zabel (GER)
Team Katusha–Alpecin
+ 3h 55' 48"

146
 Michael Gogl (AUT)
Trek–Segafredo
+ 3h 59' 06"

147
 Guillaume Van Keirsbulck (BEL)
Wanty–Groupe Gobert
+ 3h 59' 48"

148
 Ramon Sinkeldam (NED)
Team Sunweb
+ 4h 01' 54"

149
 André Greipel (GER)
Lotto–Soudal
+ 4h 02' 54"

150
 Reto Hollenstein (SUI)
Team Katusha–Alpecin
+ 4h 03' 45"

151
 Mathew Hayman (AUS)
Orica–Scott
+ 4h 05' 17"

152
 Davide Cimolai (ITA)
FDJ
+ 4h 06' 15"

153
 Bernhard Eisel (AUT)
Team Dimension Data
+ 4h 10' 18"

154
 Fabio Sabatini (ITA)
Quick-Step Floors
+ 4h 10' 25"

155
 Marco Haller (AUT)
Team Katusha–Alpecin
+ 4h 13' 50"

156
 Dylan Groenewegen (NED)
LottoNL–Jumbo
+ 4h 16' 02"

157
 Albert Timmer (NED)
Team Sunweb
+ 4h 16' 21"

158
 Olivier Le Gac (FRA)
FDJ
+ 4h 17' 21"

159
 Taylor Phinney (USA)
Cannondale–Drapac
+ 4h 18' 15"

160
 Borut Božič (SLO)
Bahrain–Merida
+ 4h 18' 41"

161
 Florian Sénéchal (FRA)
Cofidis
+ 4h 19' 17"

162
 Jaco Venter (RSA)
Team Dimension Data
+ 4h 20' 16"

163
 Dimitri Claeys (BEL)
Cofidis
+ 4h 25' 01"

164
 Robert Wagner (GER)
LottoNL–Jumbo
+ 4h 25' 12"

165
 Rüdiger Selig (GER)
Bora–Hansgrohe
+ 4h 26' 43"

166
 Tom Leezer (NED)
LottoNL–Jumbo
+ 4h 32' 21"

167
 Luke Rowe (GBR)
Team Sky
+ 4h 35' 52"

text: Points classification[edit]

text:
Final points classification (1–10)[9]

Rank
Rider
Team
Points

1
 Michael Matthews (AUS)
Team Sunweb
370

2
 André Greipel (GER)
Lotto–Soudal
234

3
 Edvald Boasson Hagen (NOR)
Team Dimension Data
220

4
 Alexander Kristoff (NOR)
Team Katusha–Alpecin
174

5
 Sonny Colbrelli (ITA)
Bahrain–Merida
168

6
 Thomas De Gendt (BEL)
Lotto–Soudal
149

7
 Dylan Groenewegen (NED)
LottoNL–Jumbo
144

8
 Chris Froome (GBR)
Team Sky
133

9
 Rigoberto Urán (COL)
Cannondale–Drapac
106

10
 Dan Martin (IRL)
Quick-Step Floors
106

text: Mountains classification[edit]

text:
Final mountains classification (1–10)[9]

Rank
Rider
Team
Points

1
 Warren Barguil (FRA)
Team Sunweb
169

2
 Primož Roglič (SLO)
LottoNL–Jumbo
80

3
 Thomas De Gendt (BEL)
Lotto–Soudal
64

4
 Darwin Atapuma (COL)
UAE Team Emirates
55

5
 Chris Froome (GBR)
Team Sky
51

6
 Romain Bardet (FRA)
AG2R La Mondiale
47

7
 Mikel Landa (ESP)
Team Sky
45

8
 Bauke Mollema (NED)
Trek–Segafredo
37

9
 Alberto Contador (ESP)
Trek–Segafredo
36

10
 Serge Pauwels (BEL)
Team Dimension Data
32

text: Young rider classification[edit]

text:
Final young rider classification (1–10)[9]

Rank
Rider
Team
Time

1
 Simon Yates (GBR)
Orica–Scott
86h 27' 09"

2
 Louis Meintjes (RSA)
UAE Team Emirates
+ 2' 06"

3
 Emanuel Buchmann (GER)
Bora–Hansgrohe
+ 27' 07"

4
 Tiesj Benoot (BEL)
Lotto–Soudal
+ 35' 50"

5
 Guillaume Martin (FRA)
Wanty–Groupe Gobert
+ 47' 38"

6
 Pierre Latour (FRA)
AG2R La Mondiale
+ 1h 12' 31"

7
 Lilian Calmejane (FRA)
Direct Énergie
+ 1h 29' 02"

8
 Michael Valgren (DEN)
Astana
+ 2h 19' 22"

9
 Alexey Lutsenko (KAZ)
Astana
+ 2h 32' 56"

10
 Dylan van Baarle (NED)
Cannondale–Drapac
+ 2h 40' 57"

text: Team classification[edit]

text:
Final team classification (1–10)[9]

Rank
Team
Time

1
Team Sky
259h 21' 06"

2
AG2R La Mondiale
+ 7' 14"

3
Trek–Segafredo
+ 1h 44' 46"

4
BMC Racing Team
+ 1h 49' 49"

5
Orica–Scott
+ 1h 52' 21"

6
Movistar Team
+ 1h 55' 52"

7
Cannondale–Drapac
+ 2h 15' 25"

8
Fortuneo–Oscaro
+ 2h 18' 18"

9
Lotto–Soudal
+ 2h 28' 18"

10
Astana
+ 2h 28' 39"

text: UCI rankings[edit]

text: The race was the 25th of the 38 events in the UCI World Tour,[90] with riders from the WorldTeams competing for individually and for their teams for points that contributed towards the rankings. Riders from both the WorldTeams and Professional Continental teams also competed individually and for their nations for points that contributed towards the UCI World Ranking, which included all UCI races.[91] Both rankings used the same points scale, awarding points to the top sixty in the general classification, each yellow jersey given at the end of a stage, the top five finishers in each stage and for the top three in the final points and mountains classcifications.[92] The points accrued by Chris Froome moved him up to sixth from twentieth in the World Tour and kept his fifth in the World Ranking. Greg Van Avermaet (BMC Racing Team) held the lead of both individual rankings, with Etixx–Quick-Step and Belgium also holding the lead of the World Tour team ranking and World Ranking nation ranking respectively.[93][94]

text:
UCI World Tour individual ranking on 23 July 2017 (1–10)[93]

Rank
Prev.
Name
Team
Points

1
1
 Greg Van Avermaet (BEL)
BMC Racing Team
2628

2
4
 Alejandro Valverde (ESP)
Movistar Team
2105

3
21
 Dan Martin (IRL)
Quick-Step Floors
2040

4
3
 Richie Porte (AUS)
BMC Racing Team
1882

5
2
 Tom Dumoulin (NED)
Team Sunweb
1851

6
20
 Chris Froome (GBR)
Team Sky
1824

7
9
 Michał Kwiatkowski (POL)
Team Sky
1771

8
11
 Philippe Gilbert (BEL)
Quick-Step Floors
1765

9
5
 Nairo Quintana (COL)
Movistar Team
1711

10
6
 Peter Sagan (SVK)
Bora–Hansgrohe
1570

text:
UCI World Ranking individual ranking on 24 July 2017 (1–10)[94]

Rank
Prev.
Name
Team
Points

1
1
 Greg Van Avermaet (BEL)
BMC Racing Team
5057.25

2
9
 Peter Sagan (SVK)
Bora–Hansgrohe
3896

3
2
 Alejandro Valverde (ESP)
Movistar Team
3295

4
8
 Nairo Quintana (COL)
Movistar Team
3275

5
5
 Chris Froome (GBR)
Team Sky
3066

6
5
 Philippe Gilbert (BEL)
Quick-Step Floors
2419.4

7
25
 Michael Matthews (AUS)
Team Sunweb
2409

8
4
 Tom Dumoulin (NED)
Team Sunweb
2402

9
11
 Alberto Contador (ESP)
Trek–Segafredo
2400

10
7
 Dan Martin (IRL)
Quick-Step Floors
2349


document_title: List of most subscribed YouTube channels

question_text: who's the second most subscribed person on youtube

question_tokens: who 's the second most subscribed person on youtube

text: Top channels[edit]

text: All-time[edit]

text: The following table lists the top 50 most subscribed channels on YouTube, with each total rounded down to the nearest million subscribers, as well as the network, country and language of each channel. Channels marked as "Auto-generated by YouTube" (such as Music, Gaming, Sports and Movies) are not included. As of September 18, 2017, 30 out of the 50 top channels originate from English-speaking countries (21 from the United States) and 35 are English-language channels.[1]

text:
Rank
Chg
Channel name
Network
Country
Language
Subscribers[4]
(millions)

1.

PewDiePie[5]
N/A
 Sweden
English
57

2.

HolaSoyGerman.[6]
HolaSoyGerman
 Chile
Spanish
32

3.

JustinBieberVEVO[7]
Vevo
 Canada
English
31

4.

elrubiusOMG[8]
Mixicom
 Spain
Spanish
25

5.

YouTube Spotlight[9]
Google
 United States
English

6.

RihannaVEVO[10]
Vevo
 Barbados

7.

KatyPerryVEVO[11]
 United States
24

8.

TaylorSwiftVEVO[12]

9.

T-Series[13]
tseriesmusic
 India
Hindi

10.

Fernanfloo[14]
BroadbandTV
 El Salvador
Spanish
23

11.

EminemVEVO[15]
Vevo
 United States
English

12.

whinderssonnunes[16]
N/A
 Brazil
Portuguese

13.

Smosh[17]
Break
 United States
English
22

14.

OneDirectionVEVO[18]
Vevo
 United Kingdom

15.

Dude Perfect[19]
N/A
 United States
21

16.

JuegaGerman[20]
HolaSoyGerman
 Chile
Spanish

17.

VanossGaming[21]
N/A
 Canada
English

18.

Ed Sheeran[22]
WMG
 United Kingdom
20

19.

TheEllenShow[23]
Time Warner
 United States

20.

nigahiga[24]
N/A

21.

Yuya[25]
 Mexico
Spanish
19

22.

VEGETTA777[26]
Mixicom
 Spain

23.

Spinnin' Records[27]
Spinnin Records
 Netherlands
English
18

24.

Markiplier[28]
Maker Studios
 United States

25.

Canal KondZilla[29]
ONErpm
 Brazil
Portuguese

26.

ArianaGrandeVevo[30]
Vevo
 United States
English
17

27.

WWE[31]
WWE

28.

JennaMarbles[32]
N/A

29.

KSI[33]
StyleHaul
 United Kingdom

30.

Bruno Mars[34]
WMG
 United States

31.

jacksepticeye[35]
Maker Studios
 Ireland
16

32.

shakiraVEVO[36]
Vevo
 Colombia
English /
Spanish

33.

DanTDM[37]
StyleHaul
 United Kingdom
English

34.

Skrillex[38]
N/A
 United States

35.

FBE[39]

36.

Trap Nation[40]
15

37.

WatchMojo.com[41]
WatchMojo
 Canada

38.

AdeleVEVO[42]
Vevo
 United Kingdom

39.

enchufetv[43]
N/A
 Ecuador
Spanish
14

40.

SET India[44]
SET
 India
Hindi

41.

David Guetta[45]
Vevo
 France
English

42.

Vevo[46]
 United States

43.

ERB[47]
Maker Studios

44.

The Tonight Show Starring Jimmy Fallon[48]
NBCU Shows

45.

Maroon5VEVO[49]
Vevo

46.

SelenaGomezVEVO[50]
13

47.

Werevertumorro[51]
sevenludus
 Mexico
Spanish

48.

Felipe Neto[52]
N/A
 Brazil
Portuguese

49.

CanalCanalha[53]
Endemol beyond Brasil

50.

PTXofficial[54]
N/A
 United States
English

As of September 18, 2017

text: By country[edit]

text: The following table lists the YouTube channels with the greatest number of subscribers by the country or territory that their channel originates from.[1] Only countries that have at least one channel with over 1 million subscribers are included.

text:
Rank
Chg
Country
Channel name
Subscribers
(millions)

1.

 Sweden
PewDiePie[5]
57

2.

 Chile
HolaSoyGerman.[6]
32

3.

 Canada
JustinBieberVEVO[7]
31

4.

 Spain
elrubiusOMG[8]
25

5.

 USA
YouTube Spotlight[9]

6.

 Barbados
RihannaVEVO[10]

7.

 India
T-Series[13]
24

8.

 El Salvador
Fernanfloo[14]
23

9.

 Brazil
whinderssonnunes[16]

10.

 UK
OneDirectionVEVO[18]
22

11.

 Mexico
Yuya[25]
19

12.

 Netherlands
Spinnin' Records[27]
18

13.

 Ireland
jacksepticeye[35]
16

14.

 Colombia
shakiraVEVO[36]

15.

 Ecuador
enchufetv[43]
14

16.

 France
David Guetta[45]

17.

 Russia
Get Movies[55]
12

18.

 Puerto Rico
LuisFonsiVEVO[56]

19.

 Ukraine
EeOneGuy[57]

20.

 South Korea
SMTOWN[58]
11

21.

 Venezuela
Dross Rotzank[59]

22.

 Finland
Clash of Clans[60]

23.

 Thailand
GMM GRAMMY OFFICIAL[61]
9

24.

 Australia
HowToBasic[62]

25.

 Argentina
El Reino Infantil[63]
8

26.

 Norway
Alan Walker[64]

27.

 South Africa
Caspar Lee[65]
7

28.

 Italy
Marzia[66]

29.

 Turkey
netd müzik[67]
6

30.

 Austria
Red Bull[68]

31.

 Philippines
ABS-CBN Entertainment[69]

32.

 Belgium
Tomorrowland[70]
5

33.

 Germany
freekickerz[71]

34.

 Japan
はじめしゃちょー (hajime)[72]

35.

 Jordan
toyoraljanahtv[73]
4

36.

 Saudi Arabia
Rotana[74]

37.

 Portugal
SirKazzio[75]

38.

 Peru
whatdafaqshow[76]

39.

 UAE
MBC GROUP[77]

40.

 Vietnam
POPS MUSIC[78]
3

41.

 Iraq
الرماس ميوزك[79]

42.

 Romania
Cat Music[80]

43.

 Uruguay
dosogas[81]

44.

 Poland
SA Wardega[82]

45.

 Morocco
Saad Lamjarred[83]

46.

 Latvia
TrapMusicHDTV[84]

47.

 Denmark
LEGO[85]

48.

 New Zealand
Shaaanxo[86]

49.

 Israel
TuTiTuTV[87]

50.

 Czechia
ViralBrothers[88]
2

51.

 Indonesia
Raditya Dika[89]

52.

 Croatia
2CELLOS[90]

53.

 Egypt
Albernameg[91]

54.

 Pakistan
Coke Studio[92]

55.

 Belarus
tellblog.net[93]
1

56.

 Taiwan
B'in Music[94]

57.

 Bulgaria
Bodil40[95]

58.

  Switzerland
Typhoon Cinema[96]

59.

 Kuwait
Swar Shuaib[97]

60.

 Kazakhstan
Saspens[98]

61.

 Malaysia
Les' Copaque Production[99]

62.

 China
Hunan Television[100]

63.

 Slovakia
GoGoManTV[101]

64.

 Serbia
IDJVideos.TV[102]

65.

 Palestine
M.A TUBE[103]

66.

 Qatar
Al Jazeera Arabic قناة الجزيرة[104]

67.

 Algeria
Oum Walid[105]

68.

 Slovenia
Tiger Productions[106]

69.

 Dominican Republic
Carlos Montesquieu[107]

70.

 Panama
Windy GirkTV[108]

71.

 Nigeria
MarkAngelComedy[109]

72.

 Lebanon
Elissa[110]

73.

   Nepal
Music Nepal[111]

74.

 Jamaica
JavierNathaniel[112]

75.

 Singapore
Clicknetwork[113]

76.

 Hong Kong
蘋果動新聞 HK Apple Daily[114]

As of September 18, 2017

text: Historical most subscribed channels[edit]

text: The following table lists the last 16 channels to become YouTube's most subscribed channel, from May 2006 to present.

text:
Channel name
Network / owner
Country
Date achieved
Days held
Reference

PewDiePie[5]
Felix Kjellberg
 Sweden
Dec 22, 2013
1,366
[115]

YouTube Spotlight[9]
Google
 USA
Dec 12, 2013
10
[116][117]

PewDiePie[5]
Felix Kjellberg
 Sweden
Dec 8, 2013
4
[115]

YouTube Spotlight[9]
Google
 USA
Nov 2, 2013
36
[118]

PewDiePie[5]
Felix Kjellberg
 Sweden
Aug 15, 2013
80
[119]

Smosh[17]
Defy Media
 USA
Jan 12, 2013
215
[120][121]

Ray William Johnson[122]
Ray Johnson
Jun 28, 2011
564
[123][124]

nigahiga[24]
Ryan Higa
Aug 20, 2009
677
[125][126]

Fяᴇᴅ[127]
Lucas Cruikshank
Oct 6, 2008
318
[128]

nigahiga[24]
nigahiga
Sep 24, 2008
12
[128]

Smosh[17]
Defy Media
Apr 26, 2007
517
[129]

lonelygirl15[130]
Mesh Flinders
Sep 17, 2006
221
[131][132][133]

geriatric1927[134]
Peter Oakley
 UK
Aug 17, 2006
31
[135]

Brookers[136]
Brooke Brodack
 USA
Jul 3, 2006
45
[137][138]

Judson Laipply[139]
Judson Laipply
Jun 12, 2006
21
[115][140]

Smosh[17]
Defy Media
May 17, 2006
26
[141]

As of September 18, 2017

text: Timeline[edit]

text: Timeline of Most Subscribed Channels (May 2006 – Sep 2017)

text: Reactions[edit]

text: In late 2006, when Peter Oakley, also known as Geriatric1927, became most subscribed, a number of TV channels wanted to interview him on his rise to fame. The Daily Mail and TechBlog did an article about him and his success. In 2009, the FRED channel was the first to have over one million subscribers.

text: Following the third time that Smosh became most subscribed, Ray William Johnson collaborated with the duo.[142] A flurry of top YouTubers including Ryan Higa, Shane Dawson, Felix Kjellberg, Michael Buckley, Kassem Gharaibeh, The Fine Brothers, and Johnson himself, congratulated the duo shortly after they surpassed Johnson as the most subscribed channel.[143]


document_title: World Giving Index

question_text: who gives the most to charity in the world

text: World Giving Index

text: Methodology[edit]

text: This report is primarily based upon data from the Gallup World Poll, which is an ongoing research project carried out in more than 140 countries that together represent around 95% of the world’s adult population (around 5 billion people). In most countries surveyed, 1,000 questionnaires are completed by a representative sample of individuals living across the country. The coverage area is the entire country including rural areas. The sampling frame represents the entire civilian, non-institutionalised, aged 15 and older population of the entire country. In some large countries such as China and Russia samples of at least 2,000 are collected, while in a small number of countries, the poll covers 500 to 1,000 people but still features a representative sample. The survey is not conducted in a limited number of instances including where the safety of interviewing staff is threatened, scarcely populated islands in some countries, and areas that interviewers can reach only by foot, animal or small boat.[3]

text: In all, over 150,000 people were interviewed by Gallup in 2014 and samples are probability-based. Surveys are carried out by telephone or face-to-face depending on the country’s telephone coverage.[4] There is of course a margin of error (the amount of random sampling error) in the results for each country, which is calculated by Gallup around a proportion at the 95% confidence level (the level of confidence that the results are a true reflection of the whole population). The maximum margin of error is calculated assuming a reported percentage of 50% and takes into account the design effect.

text: Gallup asked people which of the following three charitable acts they had undertaken in the past month:[4]

text:
helped a stranger, or someone they didn’t know who needed help?
donated money to a charity?
volunteered your time to an organisation?

text: World Giving Index rankings[edit]

text:
Country
2016 rank[5]
2015 rank[4]
2014 rank[6]
2013 rank[7]

 Myanmar
1
1
1
2

 United States
2
2
1
1

 New Zealand
4
3
5
2

 Canada
6
4
3
2

 Australia
3
5
6
7

 United Kingdom
8
6
7
6

 Netherlands
13
7
12
8

 Sri Lanka
5
8
9
10

 Ireland
9
9
4
5

 Malaysia
22
10
7
71

 Kenya
3
11
15
33

 Malta
16
12
16
12

 Bahrain
n/a
13
n/a
n/a

 United Arab Emirates
10
14
n/a
n/a

 Norway
14
15
n/a
11

 Guatemala
29
16
25
30

 Bhutan
18
17
n/a
n/a

 Kyrgyzstan
34
18
83
73

 Thailand
37
19
21
38

 Germany
21
20
28
22

 Jamaica
n/a
21
20
n/a

 Indonesia
7
22
13
17

 Austria
30
23
17
15

 Kuwait
19
24
n/a
n/a

 Liberia
52
25
45
n/a

 Hong Kong
n/a
26
n/a
17

 Uzbekistan
11
27
28
50

 Sweden
25
28
40
39

 Puerto Rico
n/a
29
n/a
n/a

 Northern Cyprus
42
30
39
n/a

 Finland
24
31
25
33

 Iran
45
32
19
n/a

 Luxembourg
49
33
65
28

 Singapore
28
34
n/a
64

 Taiwan
50
35
47
52

 Costa Rica
62
36
34
23

 Slovenia
40
37
34
44

 Iraq
31
38
43
89

 Denmark
20
39
18
25

  Switzerland
23
40
n/a
12

 Dominican Republic
36
41
27
39

 Cyprus
35
42
23
24

 Nigeria
56
43
21
20

 Malawi
38
44
56
43

 Mauritius
n/a
45
n/a
93

 Philippines
47
46
30
16

 Saudi Arabia
41
47
47
57

 Belgium
32
48
52
57

 Chile
55
49
50
35

 South Africa
61
49
34
69

 Zambia
63
51
47
45

 Mongolia
27
52
32
41

 Panama
33
53
46
48

 Sierra Leone
46
54
55
n/a

 Botswana
54
55
62
84

 Kazakhstan
96
56
101
66

 Uganda
26
57
34
48

 Spain
79
58
62
57

 Haiti
53
59
40
28

 Honduras
74
60
58
55

 Namibia
n/a
61
n/a
n/a

 Croatia
127
62
130
133

 Ghana
77
63
54
61

 Republic of Korea
75
64
60
n/a

 Bolivia
70
65
57
54

 Colombia
73
66
53
31

 Sudan
n/a
67
n/a
61

 South Sudan
48
68
n/a
n/a

 Nicaragua
76
69
67
82

 Belize
n/a
70
n/a
n/a

 Turkmenistan
15
71
23
26

 Italy
82
72
79
21

 Tajikistan
87
73
34
64

 France
81
74
90
77

 Israel
43
75
32
31

   Nepal
39
76
44
55

 Uruguay
58
77
62
47

 Poland
109
78
115
84

 Vietnam
64
79
79
116

 Guinea
69
80
40
74

 Tanzania
57
81
87
51

 Portugal
90
82
78
71

 Albania
105
83
85
132

 Afghanistan
78
84
79
35

 Senegal
95
85
79
57

 Macedonia
119
86
72
118

 Zimbabwe
108
87
94
82

 Bosnia and Herzegovina
128
88
103
109

 Ukraine
106
89
103
102

 Mexico
107
90
85
76

 Congo
136
91
99
93

 Cameroon
51
92
58
63

 Romania
93
93
108
105

 Pakistan
92
94
61
53

 Bangladesh
94
95
72
89

 Lebanon
80
96
65
68

 Ethiopia
84
97
72
109

 Montenegro
133
98
130
126

 Estonia
118
99
103
93

 Cambodia
98
100
108
93

 Madagascar
132
101
110
113

 Japan
114
102
90
n/a

 Belarus
100
103
83
93

 Burkina Faso
72
104
90
109

 Brazil
68
105
90
91

 India
91
106
69
93

 Ivory Coast
104
107
69
n/a

 Argentina
83
108
77
78

 Mauritania
88
109
115
93

 Latvia
113
110
89
93

 Gabon
89
111
69
78

 Egypt
112
112
120
105

 Georgia
120
112
123
116

 Peru
65
114
72
84

 Bulgaria
129
115
126
118

 Kosovo
60
116
50
78

 El Salvador
85
117
96
107

 Jordan
71
118
99
120

 Serbia
135
118
124
123

 Moldova
110
120
96
88

 Mali
99
121
118
123

 Azerbaijan
131
122
87
69

 Slovakia
124
123
94
101

 Hungary
134
124
72
78

 Paraguay
101
125
68
45

 Morocco
123
126
112
115

 Democratic Republic of the Congo
136
127
112
131

 Venezuela
117
128
134
91

 Russia
126
129
126
123

 Czech Republic
121
130
112
103

 Ecuador
97
131
132
84

 Benin
102
132
103
120

 Togo
103
133
n/a
n/a

 Angola
n/a
134
96
n/a

 Niger
115
135
102
108

 Chad
111
136
115
93

 Rwanda
116
137
110
128

 Armenia
130
138
124
113

 Tunisia
122
139
120
103

 Greece
137
140
120
135

 Palestinian Territory
139
141
133
127

 Lithuania
124
142
119
120

 Yemen
138
143
134
130

 China
140
144
128
133

 Burundi
n/a
145
n/a
n/a

 Algeria
n/a
n/a
n/a
109

 Comoros
n/a
n/a
n/a
84

 Iceland
17
n/a
14
17

 Laos
n/a
n/a
n/a
41

 Libya
44
n/a
n/a
14

 Qatar
n/a
n/a
n/a
9

 Somaliland
58
n/a
n/a
26

 Suriname
n/a
n/a
n/a
66

 Syria
1
1
1
2

 Trinidad and Tobago
n/a
n/a
10
n/a

 Turkey
n/a
n/a
128
128

text: "n/a" indicates a country was not surveyed for that year's World Giving Index report

text: Response to the results (2010)[edit]

text: The Sri Lankan President Mahinda Rajapaksa hailed the results of the Index where Sri Lanka came in 8th. President Rajapaksa said it captured, "the reality of our caring and sharing society".[8]

text: The President of Taiwan, Ma Ying-jeou described the results as "unfair" and stated that Taiwan had transformed itself from an "importer of love to an exporter of love".[9]

text: Australian Parliamentary Secretary for Social Inclusion and the Voluntary Sector and Senator for New South Wales, Dr Ursula Stephens said, "I see each day the enormous efforts of our country’s five million volunteers and witness the generosity of the millions of Australians whose donations make the work of our non profit organisations possible. So this result on the World Giving Index is confirmation of what we already know – we are a country of generous people who are quick to lend a helping hand in times of need."[10]

text: The Community and Voluntary Sector Minister in New Zealand, Tariana Turia said, "The report shows that New Zealanders are particularly generous when it comes to giving money and helping strangers, but also in terms of volunteering. As a nation we must celebrate our generosity and make sure that our decisions and our actions bolster it even further."[11]


document_title: Stations of the Exodus

question_text: how many places did the israelites camp in the wilderness

text: Stations of the Exodus

text: This article includes a list of references, related reading or external links, but its sources remain unclear because it lacks inline citations. Please help to improve this article by introducing more precise citations. (November 2008) (Learn how and when to remove this template message)

text: The Stations of the Exodus are the 42 locations visited by the Israelites following their exodus from Egypt, recorded in Numbers 33, with variations also recorded in the books of Exodus and Deuteronomy.

text: According to the documentary hypothesis, the list of the Stations is believed to have originally been a distinct and separate source text.[1] In this hypothesis, it is believed that the redactor, in combining the Torah's sources, used parts of the Stations list to fill out awkward joins between the main sources. The list records the locations visited by the Israelites, during their journey through the wilderness, after having left Egypt. Consequently, the parts which were inserted to join up the sources appear in suitable locations in the books of Exodus and Numbers.

text: However, a slightly variant version of the list appears in full at Numbers 33, and several parts of the journey described in the full list, most noticeably the journey from Sinai to Zin, do not appear in the fragmented version. It is tempting to suggest that the journey from Sinai to Zin was cut out of the fragmented version due to a copying error caused by the similarity in sound of "Sinai" and "Zin". However, as there are 42 locations in the full list, and the Israelites were said to have been in the desert for 40 years,[2] it is possible that several locations in the full list were added to the list of destinations as a literary device.

text: Both versions of the list contain several brief narrative fragments. For example " ... and they came to Elim, where there were twelve wells of water, and seventy date-palms...". It is a matter of some debate as to how much of the narrative is part of the original text of the list, and how much is extra detail added into it by the redactor.

text: The situation also occurs in reverse, where some brief texts, within parts of the list, and ascribed to the redactor, are usually regarded as not being part of the list of stations, albeit without much conviction. This is particularly true for Numbers 21:14-15, which references unknown events in the lost Book of the Wars of the Lord, and Numbers 21:16b-18a, describing the digging of the well at Beer.

text: Biblical commentators like St Jerome in his Epistle to Fabiola, Bede (Letter to Acca: "De Mansionibus Filiorum Israhel") and St Peter Damian discussed the Stations according to the Hebrew meanings of their names.[3] Dante modeled the 42 chapters of his Vita Nuova on them.[4]

text: List of the Stations of the Exodus[edit]

text:
Station

Biblical reference

Description

Modern location

Raamses

Ex. 12:37; Nu. 33:3,5

The Raamses district was of the highest quality land in Egypt (Ge. 47:11)

Sukkoth

Ex. 12:37, 13:20; Nu. 33:5-6

An Egyptian city near the border

Tjeku (Zuko),Tell el-Maskhuta (Pithom)

Etham

Ex. 13:20; Nu. 33:6-8

"On the edge of the wilderness"

Ismailia?

Pi-Hahiroth

Ex. 14:2-3; Nu. 33:7-8

Lit. Mouth of the Gorges, "between Migdol and the sea, opposite Ba'al-Zephon" (possibly "the Bay of Hiroth")

Prob. a channel opening into one of the Bitter Lakes or the Mediterranean- Pi-hahiroth was located near the Red Sea.

Marah

Ex. 15:23; Nu. 33:8-9

Lit. 'bitterness'

30 kilometres north of As Suways (the port of Suez)?

Elim

Ex. 15:27, 16:1; Nu. 33:9-10

Had 12 wells and 70 palm trees

?

By the Red Sea

Nu. 33:10-11

- -

Near Gulf of Suez

Sin Wilderness

Ex. 16:1, 17:1; Nu. 33:11-12

God supplies quail and manna, "Between Elim and Sinai"

Dophkah

Nu. 33:12-13

- -

- -

Alush

Nu. 33:13-14

- -

- -

Rephidim

Ex. 17:1, 19:2; Nu. 33:14-15

God commands Moses to strike a "Rock of Horeb", water gushes forth to alleviate thirst.

?

Sinai Wilderness

Ex. 19:1-2; Nu. 10:12, 33:15-16

Near Mount Sinai

Kibroth-Hattaavah

Nu. 11:35, 33:16-17

Lit. Graves of Longing or Graves of Lust

- -

Hazeroth

Nu. 11:35, 12:16, 33:17-18

- -

- -

Rithmah

Nu. 33:18-19

- -

- -

Rimmon-Perez

Nu. 33:19-20

- -

- -

Libnah

Nu. 33:20-21

- -

- -

Rissah

Nu. 33:21-22

- -

- -

Kehelathah

Nu. 33:22-23

- -

- -

Mount Shapher

Nu. 33:23-24

- -

- -

Haradah

Nu. 33:24-25

- -

- -

Makheloth

Nu. 33:25-26

- -

- -

Tahath

Nu. 33:26-27

- -

- -

Tarah

Nu. 33:27-28

- -

- -

Mithcah

Nu. 33:28-29

- -

- -

Hashmonah

Nu. 33:29-30

- -

- -

Moseroth

Nu. 33:30-31

- -

- -

Bene-Jaakan

Nu. 33:31-32

- -

- -

Hor Haggidgad

Nu. 33:32-33

- -

- -

Jotbathah

Nu. 33:33-34

- -

- -

Abronah

Nu. 33:34-35

- -

- -

Ezion-Geber

Nu. 33:35-36

- -

Near northern tip of Gulf of Aqaba

Kadesh

Nu. 20:1,22, 33:36-37

Located in the Wilderness of Zin; Miriam's burial place

Probably Ain el Qadeis

Mount Hor

Nu. 20:22, 21:4, 33:37-41

On the Edomite border; Aaron's burial place

- -

Zalmonah

Nu. 33:41-42

- -

- -

Punon

Nu. 33:42-43

- -

- -

Oboth

Nu. 21:10-11, 33:43-44

- -

- -

Abarim Ruins

Nu. 21:11, 33:44-45

- -

- -

Dibon Gad

Nu. 33:45-46

- -

- -

Almon Diblathaim

Nu. 33:46-47

- -

- -

Abarim Mountains

Nu. 33:13-14

Israelites encamped beneath Mount Nebo

- -

Moab Plains

Nu. 22:1, 33:48-50

Israelites encamped on the Jordan River from Beith Hayishimoth to Aveil Hashittim

Occupied most of the Trans-Jordan region


document_title: Pareidolia

question_text: what is it when you see faces in everything

text: Pareidolia

text: Etymology[edit]

text: The word derives from the Greek words para (παρά, "beside, alongside, instead [of]" — in this context meaning something faulty or wrong) and the noun eidōlon (εἴδωλον "image, form, shape" — the diminutive of eidos).

text: Explanations[edit]

text: Pareidolia can cause people to interpret random images, or patterns of light and shadow, as faces.[2] A 2009 magnetoencephalography study found that objects perceived as faces evoke an early (165 ms) activation of the fusiform face area at a time and location similar to that evoked by faces, whereas other common objects do not evoke such activation. This activation is similar to a slightly faster time (130 ms) that is seen for images of real faces. The authors suggest that face perception evoked by face-like objects is a relatively early process, and not a late cognitive reinterpretation phenomenon.[3] A functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) study in 2011 similarly showed that repeated presentation of novel visual shapes that were interpreted as meaningful led to decreased fMRI responses for real objects. These results indicate that the interpretation of ambiguous stimuli depends upon processes similar to those elicited by known objects.[4]

text: These studies help to explain why people identify a few circles and a line as a "face" so quickly and without hesitation. Cognitive processes are activated by the "face-like" object, which alert the observer to both the emotional state and identity of the subject, even before the conscious mind begins to process or even receive the information. A "stick figure face", despite its simplicity, can convey mood information, and be drawn to indicate emotions such as happiness or anger. This robust and subtle capability is hypothesized to be the result of eons of natural selection favoring people most able to quickly identify the mental state, for example, of threatening people, thus providing the individual an opportunity to flee or attack pre-emptively. In other words, processing this information subcortically — therefore subconsciously — before it is passed on to the rest of the brain for detailed processing accelerates judgment and decision making when a fast reaction is needed.[5] This ability, though highly specialized for the processing and recognition of human emotions, also functions to determine the demeanor of wildlife.[6]

text: Pareidolia can be considered a subcategory of Apophenia.

text: Mimetoliths[edit]

text: Rocks may come to mimic recognizable forms through the random processes of formation, weathering and erosion. Most often, the size scale of the rock is larger than the object it resembles, such as a cliff profile resembling a human face. Well-meaning people with a new interest in fossils can pick up chert nodules, concretions or pebbles resembling bones, skulls, turtle shells, dinosaur eggs, etc., in both size and shape.

text: In the late 1970s and early 1980s, Japanese researcher Chonosuke Okamura self-published a series of reports titled Original Report of the Okamura Fossil Laboratory, in which he described tiny inclusions in polished limestone from the Silurian period (425 mya) as being preserved fossil remains of tiny humans, gorillas, dogs, dragons, dinosaurs and other organisms, all of them only millimeters long, leading him to claim, "There have been no changes in the bodies of mankind since the Silurian period... except for a growth in stature from 3.5 mm to 1,700 mm."[7][8] Okamura's research earned him an Ig Nobel Prize (a parody of the Nobel Prizes) in biodiversity in 1996.[9][10]

text: Projective tests[edit]

text: The Rorschach inkblot test uses pareidolia in an attempt to gain insight into a person's mental state. The Rorschach is a projective test, as it intentionally elicits the thoughts or feelings of respondents that are "projected" onto the ambiguous inkblot images. Projection in this instance is a form of "directed pareidolia".[11]

text: Art[edit]

text: In his notebooks, Leonardo da Vinci wrote of pareidolia as a device for painters, writing, "If you look at any walls spotted with various stains or with a mixture of different kinds of stones, if you are about to invent some scene you will be able to see in it a resemblance to various different landscapes adorned with mountains, rivers, rocks, trees, plains, wide valleys, and various groups of hills. You will also be able to see divers combats and figures in quick movement, and strange expressions of faces, and outlandish costumes, and an infinite number of things which you can then reduce into separate and well conceived forms."[12]

text: Religious[edit]

text: There have been many instances of perceptions of religious imagery and themes, especially the faces of religious figures, in ordinary phenomena. Many involve images of Jesus,[11] the Virgin Mary,[13] the word Allah,[14] or other religious phenomena: in September 2007 in Singapore, for example, a callus on a tree resembled a monkey, leading believers to pay homage to the "Monkey god" (either Sun Wukong or Hanuman) in the monkey tree phenomenon.[15]

text: Publicity surrounding sightings of religious figures and other surprising images in ordinary objects has spawned a market for such items on online auctions like eBay. One famous instance was a grilled cheese sandwich with the face of the Virgin Mary.[16]

text: Computer vision[edit]

text: Pareidolia also arises in computer vision,[17] specifically in image recognition programs, which can spuriously detect features. In the case of an artificial neural network, higher-level features correspond to more recognizable features, and enhancing these features brings out what the computer sees. These reflect the training set of images that the network has "seen" previously.

text: Striking visuals can be produced in this way, notably in the DeepDream software, which falsely detects and then exaggerates features such as eyes and faces in any image.

text: Speech[edit]

text: In 1971 Konstantīns Raudive wrote Breakthrough, detailing what he believed was the discovery of electronic voice phenomena (EVP). EVP has been described as auditory pareidolia.[11] Allegations of backmasking in popular music, in which a listener claims a message has been recorded backward onto a track meant to be played forward, have also been described as auditory pareidolia.[11][18] In 1995, the psychologist Diana Deutsch invented an algorithm for producing phantom words and phrases with the sounds coming from two stereo loudspeakers, with one to the listener's left and the other to his right. Each loudspeaker produces a phrase consisting of two words or syllables. The same sequence is presented repeatedly through both loudspeakers; however, they are offset in time so that one when the first sound (word or syllable) is coming from the speaker on the left, the second sound is coming from the speaker on the right, and vice versa. After listening for a while, phantom words and phrases suddenly emerge, and these often appear to reflect what is on the listener's mind, and they transform perceptually into different words and phrases as the sequence continues.[19][20]

text: Related phenomena[edit]

text: Various European ancient divination practices involved the interpretation of shadows cast by objects. For example, in molybdomancy, a random shape produced by pouring molten tin into cold water is interpreted by the shadow it casts in candlelight.[citation needed]

text: A shadow person (also known as a shadow figure, shadow being or black mass) is often attributed to pareidolia. It is the perception of a patch of shadow as a living, humanoid figure, particularly as interpreted by believers in the paranormal or supernatural as the presence of a spirit or other entity.[21]

text: Pareidolia is also what some skeptics believe causes people to believe that they have seen ghosts.[22]

text: Famous examples[edit]

text:
The Romanian Sphinx in Bucegi Mountains

Human face on Pedra da Gavea in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, known as the "Head of the Emperor"

A late-April 2003 photo of The Old Man of the Mountain, only days before its collapse

The Old Man of the Mountain in Franconia, New Hampshire

The "Grimacing human face" of red shale (Cians, Mercantour National Park)

The profile of Stac Levenish island (St Kilda archipelago, Scotland)

Baba Yaga at the Bayanaul National Park in Kazakhstan

Hoburgsgubben "The Old Man of Hoburgen" a limestone formation on the island of Gotland in Sweden

"Elephant Rock" on Heimaey, Iceland

"Buddha-statue"-like rock formation on Mars.[23] (Curiosity rover; October 7, 2014)

"Smiley face" in Galle Crater on Mars.
(Viking 1 orbiter; 1970s)

Father Trebeurden Trébeurden in Côtes-d'Armor, France

Saruiwa ("Monkey rock") on Iki Island, Nagasaki Prefecture, Japan

Face Rock State Scenic Viewpoint near Bandon, Oregon

Dog Rock in Albany, Western Australia

Lion Rock at the peak of Lion Rock Hill in Hong Kong


document_title: Death in Paradise (TV series)

question_text: where in guadeloupe is death in paradise filmed

text: Death in Paradise (TV series)

text: Synopsis[edit]

text: British detective Richard Poole (Ben Miller) is assigned to investigate the murder of a British police officer on the fictional paradise island of Saint Marie in the Caribbean.[4] After he successfully finds the murderer, he is reluctantly required by his supervisors to replace the victim and stay on as the detective inspector (DI) of the island, solving new cases as they appear, and being the object of many fish-out-of-water jokes.[5] At the start of Series 3, Poole is killed and maladroit London detective Humphrey Goodman (Kris Marshall) arrives to investigate the death of his strait-laced predecessor. He then stays in the job as chief investigator on the island. However, in the second half of Series 6, he follows his heart and resigns so he can stay in London with his new girlfriend Martha Lloyd. His replacement on Saint Marie is DI Jack Mooney, played by Ardal O'Hanlon.

text: Episodes[edit]

text:
Series
Episodes
Originally aired
Average UK viewers
(in millions)[6][7]

First aired
Last aired

1
8
25 October 2011 (2011-10-25)
13 December 2011 (2011-12-13)
5.89

2
8
8 January 2013 (2013-01-08)
26 February 2013 (2013-02-26)
7.67

3
8
14 January 2014 (2014-01-14)
4 March 2014 (2014-03-04)
8.46

4
8
8 January 2015 (2015-01-08)
26 February 2015 (2015-02-26)
9.03

5
8
7 January 2016 (2016-01-07)
25 February 2016 (2016-02-25)
8.67

6
8
5 January 2017 (2017-01-05)
23 February 2017 (2017-02-23)
9.10

text: Format[edit]

text: While Death in Paradise has continued to be in the top three most popular programmes on British television, critics have called the crime drama "unremarkable" and "an undemanding detective show, with nice Caribbean scenery."[8] The show is known for its formulaic approach to its plots[9] with each episode roughly the same in both style and narrative structure.

text: Each episode begins with a pre-credits sequence showing the events leading up to a murder, and often the discovery of the body afterwards; this sequence also serves to introduce that particular episode's guest characters.[10] The police force of Saint Marie are subsequently informed of the murder, preliminary investigations and interviews take place to establish the suspects and photographs of the suspects and crime scene are placed on the whiteboard at police headquarters.[11]

text: Often towards the end, the lead DI will have a moment of realisation, perhaps brought on by something that someone says or does or by some occurrence. In this moment, the how, why, and who of the murder are comprehended by the DI, but are not revealed to the audience. The suspects are then all gathered together and the DI talks through the evidence; often, flashbacks are used to show what happened. The murderer and the motive are revealed in the denouement of the episode.[12]

text: Normally, each episode ends with a comedic scene or a celebratory trip by the police force to Catherine's bar.[13] The final episode of most series has included a subplot wherein the lead DI is tempted to return to the UK by the prospect of a job offer or personal relationship, but in the end, he decides to remain on the island. This format was subverted in the sixth series when the two-part storyline in the fifth and sixth episodes saw the team travel to London to follow up on a current case, resulting in then-lead detective Humphrey Goodman deciding to remain to be with his new girlfriend; D.I. Jack Mooney travelled back to Saint-Marie, initially as a holiday, but decided to remain as the new detective inspector of the island in the series finale.

text: Setting[edit]

text: Saint Marie[edit]

text: Death in Paradise is set on the fictional Caribbean island of Saint Marie, described in Episode 3.3 as a "pretty island" that is "situated in the Eastern Caribbean Sea" and "one-tenth the size of its north-west neighbour Guadeloupe"; this would make Saint Marie about 63 square miles (160 km2) in size. Saint Marie is a British Overseas Territory, but about 30 percent of its people are of French culture due to previous history, with the language still widely spoken.

text: The back-story appears to be a blend of two real-world islands near to Guadeloupe, with size and location aligning with Marie-Galante and history and language aligning with Dominica.

text: In the TV show, the fictional Saint Marie island has a volcano, rainforest, sugar plantations, a fishing harbour, an airport, a university, a convent, approximately 100 public beaches and a Crown Court. It also has its own newspaper, The Saint Marie Times. Honoré, the main town, has a leisure/commercial marina, market, bars, and restaurants as well as the police station. The neighbouring town to Honoré is named as Port Royal. Saint Marie's main economic ties are to Guadeloupe, the UK, and France. The island's main religions are Catholicism and Voodoo, with several religious festivals featuring in the programme, including the Saint Ursula Festival (in reality, a major festival of the Virgin Islands) and some Voodoo festivals.

text: Other locations[edit]

text: Episode 3.7 is largely set on an islet just off Saint Marie; it is privately owned and relatively small. This episode was actually filmed on the island of Kahouanne, around 1.2 miles (1.9 km) off the north-west coast of Guadeloupe where the series is normally filmed. It can often be seen in the background from a beach on Saint Marie.

text: Characters[edit]

text: Main[edit]

text:
Character
Actor
Position
Series

1
2
3
4
5
6

Richard Poole
Ben Miller
DI
Main
Guest

Camille Bordey
Sara Martins
DS
Main

Dwayne Myers
Danny John-Jules
Officer
Main

Fidel Best
Gary Carr
Officer/Sergeant
Main

Selwyn Patterson
Don Warrington
Commissioner
Main

Catherine Bordey
Élizabeth Bourgine

Recurring
Main

Humphrey Goodman
Kris Marshall
DI

Main

Florence Cassel
Joséphine Jobert
Sergeant/DS

Main

JP Hooper
Tobi Bakare
Officer

Main

Martha Lloyd
Sally Bretton

Guest
Main

Jack Mooney
Ardal O'Hanlon
DI

Main

text: Recurring[edit]

text:
Character
Actor
Years
Series

Rosey Hooper (née Fabrice)
Fola Evans-Akingbola[14][15]
2016
5.3, 5.5–5.6, 5.8

Siobhan Mooney
Grace Stone
2017
6.6–6.8

text: Production[edit]

text: The series is filmed on the French island of Guadeloupe in the Lesser Antilles, mainly in the commune of Deshaies (which doubles for the town of Honoré on the fictional island of Saint Marie), with the help of the Bureau d’accueil des tournages de la Région Guadeloupe.[16] The site of the Honoré police station is a church hall in Deshaies with the priest's office appearing as their incident room.[17]

text: Miller left the series at the start of series 3, as he felt he was spending too much time away from his family since his wife was unable to join him on the island during production. Marshall's family joined him on the island during his first three six-month shoots and his son Thomas enrolled at a local school. When his family did not join him during the filming of the sixth season, following the birth of his baby daughter Elsie, it left him feeling "bereft and empty" and he quit the show.[18] From episode 7 of the sixth season the lead role was taken by Ardal O'Hanlon playing DI Jack Mooney, a London colleague.[19]

text: Reception[edit]

text: Viewing figures[edit]

text: Regarding British TV ratings, Death in Paradise has gained in popularity over time.

text: Series 1 (2011) has been the least-watched to date, averaging at 5.89 million viewers, with the 5.3 million viewers for the sixth episode, “An Unhelpful Aid” the lowest the show has had. Even so, each episode was among the top five most-watched programmes of the day, and in the top forty most-watched programmes of the week.

text: Series 2 (2013) averaged at 7.67 million viewers, almost 2 million more than the previous series. Each episode was among the top two most-watched programmes of the day, and in the top fifteen most-watched programmes of the week.

text: Series 3 (2014) averaged at 8.46 million viewers. Each episode was among the top two most-watched programmes of the day, and in the top ten most-watched programmes of the week.

text: Season 4 (2015) averaged at 9.03 million viewers. Based on consolidated figures, each episode was among the top three most-watched programmes of the day, and in the top ten most-watched programmes of the week.

text: Season 5 (2016) averaged at 8.67 million viewers. Based on consolidated figures, each episode was the most-watched programme of the day, and in the top four most-watched programmes of the week.

text: Season 6 (2017) has been the most-watched so far, averaging at 9.1 million viewers. The season premiere, “Erupting in Murder” is the most-watched episode of the show to date with 9.81 million viewers. Based on consolidated figures, each episode of Series 6 was the most-watched programme of the day, and in the top four most-watched programmes of the week.[20]

text: Critical response[edit]

text: The series has received mixed reviews from critics, with most criticism (as noted above) directed towards its formulaic structure. The first series was praised for its refreshing style and setting. Kris Marshall's introduction at the start of series 3 was particularly well received, with Rebecca Smith of The Daily Telegraph citing Marshall as a "winning addition" to the cast.[21] The series 4 premiere was described as "a little piece of escapism" and was generally praised. Mark Monahan of The Daily Telegraph criticised the laid-back tone of the series, calling it too methodical with nothing unique about it besides the setting.[22]

text: Awards[edit]

text: Red Planet Pictures was nominated for, and won, the "Diversity in a Drama Production Award" for Death In Paradise. Sara Martins, Danny John-Jules, Don Warrington and Tobi Bakare collected the award at a ceremony supported by the BBC and ITV that took place on 15 February 2015.[23]

text: DVD release[edit]

text:
Series
Region 2
Region 1
Discs
Extras

1
8 October 2012[24]
17 June 2014[25]
2
N/A

2
4 March 2013
16 September 2014[26]
3
N/A

3
10 March 2014
5 May 2015[27]
3
The Making of Death in Paradise on disc three. Seven short insights into the making of Death in Paradise.

4
2 March 2015[28]
N/A
3
N/A

5
29 February 2016
N/A
3
The Making Of Death In Paradise
Creating The Puzzle
Harry The Lizzard
Tour Of Honoré Police Station
The Vehicles

1–5
29 February 2016
N/A
14
same extras that were on series 3 and 5 (no extra were made for series 1–2 and 4)

6
27 February 2017
N/A
3
N/A

text: Broadcast[edit]

text: In the U.K., all series were shown on BBC One. The first series was broadcast in late 2011. The second series was broadcast in January 2013, with subsequent series filling the same January slot; all series were shown in a 9:00–10:00 pm slot.[a] The series has also been shown on repeat on the Alibi channel, although with each episode missing the pre-intro sequence and a few expendable scenes due to the need for adverts on Alibi.

text: In France the programme is broadcast on France 2.

text: In the U.S., many, but not all, member stations of PBS broadcast Death In Paradise. Series 1 and 2 were broadcast in the San Francisco Bay Area on KQED Mystery Night in 2013.[29] Series 1 aired in January and February 2013 and series 2 aired in April and May 2013.

text: In the New England area, WGBH-TV started airing Series 1 and 2 in 2013. Other PBS stations that air the programme as of 2016 include WPBA, WLIW, WTTW, KAET, KUAT and WNED, among others. In Seattle-Tacoma, WA area broadcast on KBTC TV (PBS), Seasons 1-6.

text: All episodes of series 1–5 are available on Netflix for online streaming.

text: In Australia, recent series have aired nationally on Foxtel within a few hours of their UK release. Series 1–3 were broadcast on ABC One a few months behind original broadcast in the U.K. Generally, this was shown in a 7:30pm Saturday timeslot.

text: In Canada, all series have been broadcast on BBC Canada on Thursdays at 9:00 pm. The last two series have been shown about a month after the BBC One showing.

text: Music[edit]

text: Theme music[edit]

text: The theme music is an instrumental version of a Jamaican song from the 1960s, "You're Wondering Now," written by Coxsone Dodd, originally recorded by Andy & Joey in Jamaica. It was later made famous by The Skatalites and in Europe by ska band The Specials and later still by Amy Winehouse as featured on some editions of the deluxe version of her album Back to Black. In the first episode of the third series, the cover version recorded by The Skatalites in 1994 is played at the bar. It appeared on the official Death in Paradise soundtrack, released in January 2015, alongside other music from all 4 series. In the French version, the opening song is "Sunday Shining" by Finley Quaye.

text: Soundtrack[edit]

text: In January 2015, an official soundtrack compiling 26 songs from the first 4 series of the show was released by the BBC. It contains original music for Death in Paradise and already extant tunes, though it does not include the theme music from the show.

text: Novels[edit]

text: The creator of the show, Robert Thorogood, signed a three-book deal to write Death in Paradise novels featuring the original characters (D.I. Richard Poole, D.S. Camille Bordey, Officer Dwayne Myers, Sergeant Fidel Best and Comm. Selwyn Patterson). The first of these, A Meditation on Murder (A Death in Paradise novel),[30] was published in January 2015. Early reviews were generally favourable, with the Daily Express in particular being complimentary, giving it four stars.[31] The second book was released in 2016 with the title The Killing of Polly Carter.

text: Notes[edit]

text: Jump up ^ Series 4, episode 7 was shown in an earlier timeslot of 8.25 pm-9.25 pm due to EastEnders Live 30th anniversary celebrations.

tag: ol