document_title: Double (basketball)

question_text: when did the nba start recording triple doubles

text: Double (basketball)

text: Double-double[edit]

text: A double-double is defined as a performance in which a player accumulates a double-digit number total in two of five statistical categories—points, rebounds, assists, steals, and blocked shots—in a game. The most common double-double combination is points and rebounds, followed by points and assists.[2] Double-doubles are fairly common in the NBA. During the 2008–09 season, 69 players who were eligible for leadership in the main statistical categories recorded at least 10 double-doubles during the season.[3]

text: Special double-doubles are rare. One such double-double is called double-double-double (also referred to as 20–20 or Double-20). It occurs when a player accumulates 20 or more in two different statistical categories in a game.[4][5][6] Another such double-double is called a triple-double-double (also referred to as 30–30).[7] The only player in NBA history to record a 40-40 is Wilt Chamberlain, who achieved the feat eight times in his career. Of the five instances, four were recorded in his rookie season, and the fifth was achieved the following year where he recorded 78 points and 43 rebounds in a game.

text: NBA[edit]

text: Double-double leaders (in regular season)[edit]

text: The following is a list of regular season double-double leaders since the 1983–84 season:

text:
^

Denotes active player

*

Inducted into the Naismith Memorial Basketball Hall of Fame

tag: table

text:
Point-rebound[8]

Rank

Name

Total

1
Tim Duncan
841

2
Karl Malone*
811

3
Hakeem Olajuwon*
774

4
Kevin Garnett
741

5
Shaquille O'Neal*
727

6
Charles Barkley*
706

7
Dwight Howard^
705

8
Patrick Ewing*
580

9
David Robinson*
543

10
Pau Gasol^
520

11
Kevin Willis
488

12
Zach Randolph^
480

13
Dikembe Mutombo*
469

14
Buck Williams
459

15
Chris Webber
440

16
Moses Malone*
435

17
Robert Parish*
430

18
Shawn Marion
427

19
Charles Oakley
426

20
Otis Thorpe
411

Point-assist[9]

Rank

Name

Total

1
John Stockton*
714

2
Magic Johnson*
514

3
Steve Nash
436

4
Chris Paul*
408

5
Isiah Thomas
408

6
Jason Kidd^
402

7
Kevin Johnson
319

8
Russell Westbrook^
281

9
Deron Williams^
275

10
Rod Strickland
271

11
Mark Jackson
242

Gary Payton*
242

13
John Wall^
224

14
Tim Hardaway
279

15
Stephon Marbury
210

16
Andre Miller
197

17
LeBron James^
192

18
Terry Porter
188

19
Rajon Rondo^
181

20
Baron Davis
177

text: Facts[edit]

text: Longest continuous streak of double-doubles: According to the Elias Sports Bureau, Wilt Chamberlain holds the record with 227 consecutive double-doubles from 1964 to 1967.[10] Chamberlain also holds the second- and third-longest continuous streaks of double-doubles with 220 and 133.[10] This record is before the ABA–NBA merger in 1976. The longest streak of double-doubles since the merger was 53 games, achieved by Kevin Love, then of the Minnesota Timberwolves.[11]

text: Triple-double[edit]

text: A triple-double is defined as a performance in which a player accumulates a double digit number total in three of five statistical categories—points, rebounds, assists, steals, and blocked shots—in a game. The most common way for a player to achieve a triple-double is with points, rebounds, and assists, though on occasion players may record 10 or more steals or blocked shots in a game.[12] The origin of the term "triple-double" is unclear. Some sources claim that it was coined by former Los Angeles Lakers public relations director Bruce Jolesch in the 1980s in order to showcase Magic Johnson's versatility,[13][14] while others claim that it was coined by then Philadelphia 76ers media relations director Harvey Pollack in 1980.[15][16] The triple-double became an officially recorded statistic during the 1979–80 season.

text: There has been occasional controversy surrounding triple-doubles made when a player achieves the feat with a late rebound. Players with nine rebounds in a game have sometimes been accused of deliberately missing a shot late in the game in order to recover the rebound; a few have even gone so far as shooting off their opponent's basket trying to score a triple-double. To deter this, NBA rules allow rebounds to be nullified if the shot is determined not to be a legitimate scoring attempt.[17]

text: NBA[edit]

text: From the 1990–91 to the 2010–11 season, the NBA averaged 34.5 triple-doubles per season, roughly 1 in every 36 games.[19]

text: From the 2011–12 to the 2016–17 season, the NBA saw a dramatic increase in the number of triple-doubles, with an average of 57.33 triple-doubles per season, roughly 1 in every 22 games.[20] Russell Westbrook was responsible for 74 of the triple-doubles during that span, or 21.5% of the 344 total triple-doubles.

text: Since the 1983–84 season, 25 triple-doubles have been recorded by players coming off the bench; Detlef Schrempf recorded three with the Indiana Pacers.[21][22]

text: Triple-double leaders[edit]

text: The following is a list of regular season triple-double leaders:

text:
All-time triple-double leaders

Rank

Name

Triple-doubles

1
Oscar Robertson*
181[23]

2
Magic Johnson*
138[23]

3
Jason Kidd
107[24][25]

4
Russell Westbrook^
104[26]

5
Wilt Chamberlain*
78[23]

6
LeBron James^
73[23]

7
Larry Bird*
59[27]

8
Fat Lever
43[23]

9
James Harden^
35[28]

10
Bob Cousy*
33[29]

11
John Havlicek*
31[30]

Rajon Rondo^
31[31]

13
Grant Hill
29[32]

14
Michael Jordan*
28[23]

15
Elgin Baylor*
26[33]

16
Clyde Drexler*
25[23]

17
Walt Frazier*
23[34]

18
Draymond Green^
22[35]

19
Kareem Abdul-Jabbar*
21[36]

Micheal Ray Richardson
21

Kobe Bryant
21[37]

text: Facts[edit]

text:
First triple-double in league history: Andy Phillip (Philadelphia Warriors) logged the league's first triple-double on December 14, 1950 versus the (Fort Wayne Pistons). He had 17 points, 10 rebounds and 10 assists.[38]
Averaging a triple-double in a single season: Oscar Robertson (Cincinnati Royals) and Russell Westbrook (Oklahoma City Thunder) are the only players in NBA history to achieve this feat.[13][39] During the 1961–62 season, Robertson averaged 30.8 points, 12.5 rebounds, and 11.4 assists per game.[13][40] Although Robertson only achieved the feat for a full season once, his cumulative stats over his first 5 seasons gave him an average of 30.3 points, 10.4 rebounds, and 10.6 assists per game.[40] Westbrook is the only player to achieve this feat twice, that too in consecutive seasons. Westbrook finished the 2016–17 season averaging 31.6 points, 10.7 rebounds, and 10.4 assists, and followed it up in 2017–18 with averages of 25.4 points, 10.1 rebounds, and 10.3 assists.[41]
Most triple-doubles in a single season: In 2016–17, Russell Westbrook (Oklahoma City Thunder) recorded 42 triple-doubles.[39][42]
Most triple-doubles in road games in a single season: Russell Westbrook (Oklahoma City Thunder) recorded 17 of 42 triple-doubles in away games.[43]
Most 50-point triple-doubles in a single season: Russell Westbrook (Oklahoma City Thunder) recorded three 50-point triple-doubles in the 2016–17 season. James Harden is the other player to record more than one 50-point triple-double with two in the same season.[43] It is more than likely that Wilt Chamberlain recorded many 50-point triple-doubles during his historic 1961-62 NBA season, but they remain unofficial, as steals and blocked shots were not yet recorded as official statistics.[44]

text:
Most triple-doubles in a single season

Rank

Name

Triple-doubles

Team

NBA season

1
Russell Westbrook
42
Oklahoma City Thunder
2016–17

2
Oscar Robertson
41
Cincinnati Royals
1961–62

3
Wilt Chamberlain
31
Philadelphia 76ers
1967–68

4
Oscar Robertson
26
Cincinnati Royals
1960–61

Oscar Robertson
26
Cincinnati Royals
1963–64

6
Russell Westbrook
25
Oklahoma City Thunder
2017–18

7
Oscar Robertson
22
Cincinnati Royals
1964–65

Wilt Chamberlain
22
Philadelphia 76ers
1966–67

James Harden
22
Houston Rockets
2016–17

10
Oscar Robertson
20
Cincinnati Royals
1962–63

11
Magic Johnson
18
Los Angeles Lakers
1981–82

Russell Westbrook
18
Oklahoma City Thunder
2015–16

LeBron James
18
Cleveland Cavaliers
2017–18

13
Magic Johnson
17
Los Angeles Lakers
1988–89

14
Fat Lever
16
Denver Nuggets
1985–86

15
Michael Jordan
15
Chicago Bulls
1988–89

17
Magic Johnson
13
Los Angeles Lakers
1987–88

Magic Johnson
13
Los Angeles Lakers
1990–91

Grant Hill
13
Detroit Pistons
1996–97

Jason Kidd
13
New Jersey Nets
2007–08

Draymond Green
13
Golden State Warriors
2015–16

LeBron James
13
Cleveland Cavaliers
2016–17

text:
Most triple-doubles in NBA playoffs: Magic Johnson recorded 30 playoff triple-doubles over his career; LeBron James is second with 22.[45]
Most triple-doubles in NBA Finals: LeBron James recorded 10 Finals triple-doubles over his career.
Averaging a triple-double in an NBA Finals: LeBron James (Cleveland Cavaliers), in the 2017 Finals, averaged 33.6 points, 12.0 rebounds, and 10.0 assists per game.
Youngest player: Markelle Fultz (Philadelphia 76ers), aged 19 years and 317 days, logged a triple-double on April 11, 2018, versus the Milwaukee Bucks. He had 13 points, 10 rebounds, and 10 assists.[46]
Oldest player: Karl Malone (Los Angeles Lakers), aged 40 years and 127 days—the only 40-year-old player to do so—logged a triple-double on November 28, 2003, versus the San Antonio Spurs. He had 10 points, 11 rebounds, and 10 assists.[47]
Fastest triple-double: Nikola Jokić (Denver Nuggets), holds the record for the fastest triple-double. On February 15, 2018, Jokić recorded the mark in 14 minutes and 33 seconds against the Milwaukee Bucks.[48] The previous fastest triple-double had held for almost 63 years, as on February 20, 1955 Jim Tucker (Syracuse Nationals), in his rookie year, recorded the mark in just 17 minutes, with 12 points, 10 rebounds and 12 assists in a 104–84 win over the New York Knicks.[49]
Double-triple-double[50] (at least 20 of any 3 statistics): Wilt Chamberlain (Philadelphia 76ers) is the only player to have accomplished this; in a February 2, 1968 game versus Detroit Pistons, Chamberlain tallied 22 points, 25 rebounds, and 21 assists.[51]
Most points scored in a triple-double: James Harden (Houston Rockets) holds the record for the most points scored in a triple-double with 60 points, 10 rebounds, and 11 assists on January 30, 2018, against the Orlando Magic. The previous record was 57 points by Russell Westbrook.[52][53]
Triple-double not including points: The only such triple-double occurred on February 10, 2017, when Draymond Green (Golden State Warriors) scored only 4 points, but collected 12 rebounds, 10 assists, and 10 steals against the Memphis Grizzlies. Green also recorded five blocked shots in the game.[54]
Longest continuous streak of triple-doubles: Wilt Chamberlain (Philadelphia 76ers) holds the record for the most consecutive triple-doubles. In 1968, from March 8 to March 20, he recorded a triple-double in nine straight games.[55] The second-longest streak is seven, a record jointly held by Robertson, Michael Jordan, and Westbrook.[56][57][58]
Triple-doubles by teammates: Has occurred three times in the NBA.
March 14, 1964, Donnie Butcher (Detroit Pistons) had 19 points, 15 rebounds, and 15 assists and Ray Scott had 23 points, 20 rebounds, and 11 assists against the New York Knicks.[59]
January 3, 1989, Michael Jordan (Chicago Bulls) had 41 points, 11 assists, and 10 rebounds and Scottie Pippen had 15 points, 12 assists, and 10 rebounds against the Los Angeles Clippers.[60]
April 7, 2007, New Jersey Nets Vince Carter had 46 points, 16 rebounds, and 10 assists and Jason Kidd had 10 points, 16 rebounds, and 18 assists against the Washington Wizards.[61]
Triple-doubles by opponents: This has occurred only 13 times since 1983–84, four times involving Jason Kidd (while playing for three different teams):[44]
Magic Johnson and Jeff Ruland (Los Angeles at Washington, February 10, 1984)[62]
Jason Kidd and Clyde Drexler (Dallas at Houston, April 11, 1995)[63]
Kidd and Drexler (Phoenix at Houston, March 22, 1997)[64]
Gary Payton and Chris Webber (Seattle at Sacramento, April 18, 2000)[65]
Kidd and Jay Williams (New Jersey at Chicago, November 9, 2002)[66]
Kidd and Tracy McGrady (New Jersey at Orlando, February 23, 2003)[67]
Caron Butler and Baron Davis (Washington at Golden State, November 23, 2007)[68]
Victor Oladipo and Michael Carter-Williams (Orlando at Philadelphia, December 3, 2013 (2 OT))[69]
Oladipo and Carter-Williams were both rookies when accomplishing the feat, marking the first and only time in NBA history that two rookies have recorded triple-doubles in the same game. These were the first career triple-doubles for both players. The last time that two players had recorded their first career triple-doubles in the same game was when Donnie Butcher and Ray Scott (Detroit Pistons) did it on March 14, 1964 (they were not rookies).[70]
Russell Westbrook and Giannis Antetokounmpo (Oklahoma City at Milwaukee, March 6, 2016)[71]
LeBron James and Stephen Curry (Cleveland at Golden State, June 4, 2017)
Giannis Antetokounmpo and Nikola Jokić (Denver at Milwaukee, February 15, 2018)[72]
D’Angelo Russell and Kyle Lowry (Brooklyn at Toronto, March 23, 2018)
Ben Simmons and LeBron James (Cleveland at Philadelphia, April 6, 2018)

text: NCAA Division I[edit]

text:
Most triple-doubles in a career:
Men's: Kyle Collinsworth (BYU, 2010–12, 2014–16) with 12 — six in 2014–15 and six again as a senior in 2015–16.[73] Prior to the triple-double being tracked as an NCAA statistic, Oscar Robertson (Cincinnati) had 10—five in 1958–59 and five in 1959–60.[74]
Women's: Sabrina Ionescu (Oregon, 2016–present) with 10 – four in 2016–17 and six in 2017–18.[75]
Consecutive triple-doubles: In Division I men's play, David Edwards (Texas A&M), Penny Hardaway (Memphis State), Tony Lee (Robert Morris), Gerald Lewis (SMU), Shaquille O’Neal (LSU), and Kevin Roberson (Vermont) each recorded two consecutive games with a triple-double.[76]

text: Uniquely, Danielle Carson recorded three consecutive triple-doubles in the 1985–86 season, becoming the only Division I player of either sex to do so. She began by recording 12 points, 10, rebounds, and 12 assists against Akron on November 29, 1985. The following day, she recorded 20 points, 12 rebounds, and at least 20 assists against Kent State (her exact assists total in that game is unknown). Finally, on December 2 against Cleveland State, Carson recorded 26 points, 15 rebounds, and 14 assists.[77]

text:
Most triple-doubles in a single season:
Men's: Kyle Collinsworth (BYU), with six – performed twice: in the 2014–15 season, and again in 2015–16.[73]
Women's: Danielle Carson (Youngstown State) and Sabrina Ionescu (Oregon), each with six — Carson in 1985–86[77] and Ionescu in 2017–18.
Triple-doubles in NCAA tournament history:

text:
Name

Team

Score

Opponent

Round

Date

Minutes  played

Points

Rebounds

Assists

Steals

Blocks

Reference

Oscar Robertson
Cincinnati
98–85
Louisville
Third place
March 21, 1959
39
39
17
10
—
—
[79]

Magic Johnson
Michigan State
95–64
Lamar
Second round
March 10, 1979
35
13
17
10

Magic Johnson
Michigan State
101–67
Penn
Final Four
March 24, 1979
35
29
10
10
3
0
[79]

Gary Grant
Michigan
97–109
North Carolina
Second round
March 14, 1987
39
24
10
10
1
0
[80]

Shaquille O'Neal
LSU
94–83
BYU
First round
March 19, 1992
31
26
13
4
1
11
[79]

David Cain
St. John's
85–67
Texas Tech
First round
March 18, 1993
37
12
11
11
1
0
[81]

Andre Miller
Utah
76–51
Arizona
Elite Eight
March 21, 1998
36
18
14
13
2
1
[79]

Dwyane Wade
Marquette
83–69
Kentucky
Elite Eight
March 29, 2003
35
29
11
11
1
4
[79]

Cole Aldrich
Kansas
60–43
Dayton
Second round
March 22, 2009
31
13
20
1
0
10
[82]

Draymond Green
Michigan State
76–78
UCLA
First round
March 17, 2011
37
23
11
10
4
0
[83]

Draymond Green
Michigan State
89–67
Long Island
Second round
March 16, 2012
35
24
12
10
1
0
[84]

text:
Name

Team

Score

Opponent

Round

Date

Points

Rebounds

Assists

Steals

Blocks

Reference

Cassandra Lander
Arizona State
97-77
Georgia
First round
March 12, 1982
17
11
10
—
—
[77]

Anne Donovan
Old Dominion
74-60
Penn State
Elite Eight
March 26, 1983
20
13
—
—
12
[77]

Joni Davis
Missouri
82-92
LSU
First round
March 18, 1984
14
11
10
—
—
[77]

Katie Meier
Duke
70-55
Manhattan
First round
March 11, 1987
16
11
10
—
—
[77]

Pauline Jordan
UNLV
84-74
Colorado
Second round
March 18, 1989
22
17
—
—
11
[77]

Sonja Henning
Stanford
91-67
Cal State Fullerton
Second round
March 16, 1991
19
10
10
—
—
[77]

Niesa Johnson
Alabama
121-120 (4OT)
Duke
Second round
March 18, 1995
28
12
14
—
—
[77]

Tracy Henderson
Georgia
81-68
Louisville
Second round
March 19, 1995
14
13
—
—
10
[77]

Ticha Penicheiro
Old Dominion
92-39
Saint Francis (PA)
First round
March 13, 1998
22
—
15
14
—
[77]

Nicole Powell
Stanford
76-51
Weber State
First round
March 16, 2002
20
11
10
—
—
[77]

Nicole Powell
Stanford
77-55
Tulane
Second round
March 18, 2002
16
10
10
—
—
[77]

Kristin Haynie
Michigan State
76-64
Vanderbilt
Sweet Sixteen
March 27, 2005
16
10
10
—
—
[77]

Skylar Diggins
Notre Dame
80–49
Maryland
Elite Eight
March 27, 2012
13
10
10
—
—
[77]

Kaleena Mosqueda-Lewis
Connecticut
91–52
Saint Joseph's
Second round
March 25, 2014
20
10
10
—
—
[77]

Samantha Logic
Iowa
66–81
Baylor
Sweet Sixteen
March 27, 2015
13
10
14
—
—
[77]

Sabrina Ionescu
Oregon
88–45
Seattle
First round
March 16, 2018
19
10
11
—
—
[75]

text:
Others
Kalara McFadyen of Memphis achieved perhaps the most unusual triple-double in history, and she did it without scoring a point or even attempting a shot from either the field or the free-throw line. On February 3, 2002, in a women's Division I game against Charlotte, she had 12 assists, 10 steals, and 10 rebounds.[85][86]

text: Quadruple-double[edit]

text: A quadruple-double is defined as a performance in which a player accumulates a double digit number total in four of five statistical categories—points, rebounds, assists, steals and blocked shots—in a game.[87] This feat is extremely rare:[87][88] only four players have officially recorded a quadruple-double in National Basketball Association (NBA) history. The first American male player above the high school level to officially record a quadruple-double was Nate Thurmond, who achieved this feat in 1974 while playing for the NBA's Chicago Bulls. The first American female player above the high school level to officially record a quadruple-double was Ann Meyers, who achieved this feat in 1978 while playing for the UCLA Bruins, when women's college sports were under the auspices of the AIAW.[89] The first male player in NCAA Division I history to record a quadruple-double was Lester Hudson in 2007.[90] The first Division I women's player to have officially recorded a quadruple-double since the NCAA began sponsoring women's sports in 1981–82 was Veronica Pettry of Loyola–Chicago in 1989. Only three other women have done so since, and Shakyla Hill's quadruple-double for Grambling State in 2018 was the first since 1993. An earlier player, Jackie Spencer of Louisville, accomplished the feat against Cincinnati during the 1984–85 season, but the NCAA did not record assists and steals throughout Division I women's basketball at that time. The Metro Conference, then home to both schools, did officially record these statistics, but the NCAA did not start doing so until 1985–86 for assists and 1987–88 for steals.[77]

text: NBA[edit]

text: Quadruple-doubles have only been possible since the 1973–74 season, when the NBA started recording both blocked shots and steals. It is often speculated by observers that other all-time greats, namely Oscar Robertson (all time triple-doubles leader with 181[91][92]), Wilt Chamberlain, Bill Russell and Jerry West could conceivably have had quadruple-doubles.[88] West's biography at NBA.com claims that he once recorded an unofficial quadruple-double with 44 points, 12 rebounds, 10 assists and 10 blocks.[93] A biography of Wilt Chamberlain claims that he also recorded an unofficial quadruple-double in Game 1 of the 1967 Eastern Division Finals against the Boston Celtics, when he had 24 points, 32 rebounds, 13 assists and 12 blocks.[94]

text: The reason why [the quadruple-double] is such a hard thing to accomplish is because it requires a player to be completely dominant on both ends of the court without being too selfish—so he can get the assists—and without fouling out trying to block every shot or grab every rebound. A lot of guys can get the points, rebounds and assists, but it's the defensive stuff that messes everybody up. You have to love defense to get a quadruple-double. There's no way around it.

text: The four players listed below are the only players who have officially recorded a quadruple-double in an NBA game. Except for Thurmond, who retired before the award was established in 1983, all of them have won NBA Defensive Player of the Year at least once.[95]

text:
Name

Date

Team

Score

Opponent

Min

Points

Reb

Assists

Steals

Blocks

Overtime

Ref

Nate Thurmond*

October 18, 1974

Chicago Bulls

120–115

Atlanta Hawks

45
22
14
13
1
12
Yes (OT)
[96]

Alvin Robertson

February 18, 1986

San Antonio Spurs

120–114

Phoenix Suns

36
20
11
10
10
0
No
[97]

Hakeem Olajuwon*

March 29, 1990

Houston Rockets

120–94

Milwaukee Bucks

40
18
16
10
1
11
No
[98]

David Robinson*

February 17, 1994

San Antonio Spurs

115–96

Detroit Pistons

43
34
10
10
2
10
No
[99]

text: Only seven other players (Clyde Drexler did it twice) have managed to finish with triple-doubles and a total of 9 in a fourth statistical category (statistical categories in which they fell short are in bold):

text:
Name

Date

Team

Opponent

Minutes  played

Points

Rebounds

Assists

Steals

Blocks

Overtime

Reference

Rick Barry*

October 29, 1974

Golden State Warriors

Buffalo Braves

43
30
10
11
9
—
No
[100][101]

Larry Steele

November 16, 1974

Portland Trail Blazers

Los Angeles Lakers

44
12
11
9
10
—
No
[102][103]

Johnny Moore

January 8, 1985

San Antonio Spurs

Golden State Warriors

36
26
11
13
9
—
No
[104]

Larry Bird*[a]

February 18, 1985

Boston Celtics

Utah Jazz

33
30
12
10
9
—
No
[105][106]

Micheal Ray Richardson

October 30, 1985

New Jersey Nets

Indiana Pacers

54
38
11
11
9
—
Yes (3 OT)
[107]

Clyde Drexler*

January 10, 1986

Portland Trail Blazers

Milwaukee Bucks

42
26
9
11
10
—
No
[103]

Hakeem Olajuwon*[b]

March 3, 1990

Houston Rockets

Golden State Warriors

40
29
18
9[b]
5
11
No
[108]

Clyde Drexler*

November 1, 1996

Houston Rockets

Sacramento Kings

42
25
10
9
10
—
No
[109]

text: Notes

text:
a  Bird sat out the entire fourth quarter. After three quarters, head coach K. C. Jones informed Bird that he was one steal away from a quadruple-double and asked if he wanted to stay in the game. Bird declined, saying that he "already did enough damage."[110][111]
b  Olajuwon was credited with 9 assists in the original box score. However, after Rockets officials reviewed the game tape and discovered what they believe was an uncredited assist in the first quarter, they revised the box score, crediting Olajuwon with 10 assists and the third quadruple-double in NBA history. NBA's director of operations, Rod Thorn, requested to review the tape. After reviewing the tape, the league disallowed Olajuwon's quadruple-double and announced that his original line—with 9 assists—is official.[112][113]

text: Other men's basketball[edit]

text:
League

Name

Date

Team

Opponent

Points

Rebounds

Assists

Steals

Blocks

Overtime

Reference

NJCAA
Steve Francis
November 16, 1997
Allegany College of Maryland
Vincennes
24
10
11
10
—
—
[114]

French National League
Derrick Lewis[c]
February 24, 1990
Reims
Lorient
20
11
—
12
10
No
[115]

National Basketball League (Australia)
Daren Rowe[d]
1990
Geelong Supercats
North Melbourne Giants
25
17
11
—
11
No
[116]

Chinese Basketball Association
Hu Xuefeng
December 8, 2004
Jiangsu Dragons
Yunnan Bulls
16
10
12
10
—
No
[117]

FIBA Europe Under-16 Championship
Ricky Rubio
August 19, 2006
Spain
Croatia
19
10
13
11
—
No
[118]

Metropolitan Basketball Association
Donbel Belano
August 14, 1999
Davao Eagles
Nueva Ecija Patriots
19
11
11
10
—
No
[118]

American Basketball Association (2000–)
Jamel Staten
February 2, 2007
Minnesota Ripknees
St. Louis Stunners
17
11
11
10
—
No
[119]

NCAA (Division I)
Lester Hudson[e]
November 13, 2007
UT Martin
Central Baptist
25
12
10
10
1
No
[90][120]

Continental Basketball Association
Jermaine Blackburn
December 20, 2008
East Kentucky Miners
West Virginia Wild
22
10
14
10
—
No
[121]

High school boys
Jerrelle Benimon
February 17, 2009
Fauquier HS
Osbourn HS
13
17
11
—
10
No
[122]

Chinese Basketball Association
Chris Williams
December 25, 2009
Qingdao Doublestar
Dongguan Leopards
15
11
11
11
—
No
[123]

High school boys
Isaiah Grant
December 6, 2014
Sequoia Pathway Academy
Berean Academy
11
10
10
10
–
No
[124]

NJCAA
Clifford Wilson
February 14, 1979
Fulton-Montgomery
Hudson Valley
31
18
10
—
15
No
[citation needed]

NJCAA
Monroe Pippins
February 9, 1995
Fulton-Montgomery
Herkimer
34
17
10
11
—
No
[citation needed]

Ukrainian First league
Vitaliy Bykov
December 17, 2016
BC Zaporizhya-2
BC Kramatorsk
14
13
11
12
—
No
[125]

Liga Super Basketball U-18
Natan Oliveira
April 8, 2017
Colégio Sul Americano
Rappers
32
11
10
16
—
No
[126]

text: Notes

text:
c  This is the only quadruple-double in French National League history.[115]
d  This is the only quadruple-double in National Basketball League history.[116]
e  This is the only quadruple-double in NCAA Division I men's basketball history.[90] The opponent, Central Baptist, plays in the NAIA.

text: Women's basketball[edit]

text: Mostly accurate as of  January 2018[update]. NCAA records are complete for Divisions I and II, but not for Division III; specifically, entering the 2017–18 season, there have been a total of eight quadruple-doubles in Division III play, and one player, Suzy Venet of Mount Union (1994–1998), had two in her career, both in the 1996–97 season.[127] NAIA records are also incomplete.

text:
League

Name

Date

Team

Opponent

Points

Rebounds

Assists

Steals

Blocks

Reference

American Basketball League
Debbie Black
December 8, 1996
Colorado Xplosion
Atlanta Glory
10
14
12
10
—
[128][129]

Israeli Basketball Super League
Edwina Brown
December 2008
Ramat Hen
Hapoel Holon
22
10
10
10
—
[130]

Greek Women's Basketball League
Zoi Dimitrakou
March 22, 2009
G.S. Megas Alexandros
Aris Holargou
49
18
10
12
—
[131]

Russian Premier League
Maria Kalmykova
January 21, 2001
Chevakata Vologda
Dynamo Kursk
20
15
11
—
11
[132]

European U16 Championship
Anastasiya Verameyenka
April 20, 2003
Belarus U16 NT
Czech U16 NT
21
10
—
10
12
[133]

AIAW Division I women
Ann Meyers
February 18, 1978
UCLA
Stephen F. Austin
20
14
10
10
—
[89]

NCAA Division I women
Jackie Spencer[a]
February 2, 1985
Louisville
Cincinnati
14
12
14
10
—
[134]

NCAA Division I women
Veronica Pettry
March 4, 1989
Loyola (Chicago)
Detroit
12
10
22
11
—
[134]

NCAA Division I women
Ramona Jones
January 14, 1991
Lamar
UCF
10
10
10
12
—
[134]

NCAA Division I women
Sonja Tate
January 27, 1993
Arkansas State
Mississippi Valley State
29
14
10
10
—
[134]

NCAA Division I women
Shakyla Hill
January 3, 2018
Grambling State
Alabama State
15
10
10
10
—
[135]

NCAA Division II women
Tereska Watkins
February 8, 1997
Fort Valley State
???
12
12
10
10
—
[136]

NCAA Division III women
Evita Esteves
February 5, 2004
Emmanuel (MA)
Johnson & Wales
10
10
11
13
—
[137][138]

NCAA Division III women
Danna Purnell
February 10, 2007
SUNY-Old Westbury
New Rochelle
14
10
11
13
—
[137][139]

NCAA Division III women
Latiqua Williams
November 16, 2008
Bard
New Rochelle
21
13
10
11
—
[140]

NAIA women
Suzanne Gonzales[b]
February 11, 1989
Southern Colorado
Western State[142]
13
12
10
11
—
[136]

Ukrainian Professional Basketball League
Alina Iagupova
May 15, 2011
BC Dnipro
Luhanski Lastivky
28
15
13
10
—
Stats

text:
Jump up ^ The NCAA does not consider Spencer's quadruple-double to be official. Although the Metro Conference, then home to both teams involved in this game, kept records in all of the relevant statistical categories in the 1984–85 season, the NCAA did not. Assists were not recorded throughout Division I women's basketball until 1985–86, and steals were not so recorded until 1987–88.[134]

Jump up ^ Although Gonzales played for a school that is now a member of NCAA Division II, the NCAA does not consider her quadruple-double to be official for two reasons. First, the Rocky Mountain Athletic Conference, then as now home to both teams involved in this game, then competed in the National Association of Intercollegiate Athletics (NAIA), and was not an NCAA conference until 1992–93.[141] In addition, the NCAA did not record steals throughout Division II women's basketball until 1992–93.[136]

tag: ol

text: Quintuple-double[edit]

text: A quintuple-double is defined as a performance in which a player accumulates a double-digit number total in all five statistical categories—points, rebounds, assists, steals, and blocked shots—-in a single game.[143] There are only two known quintuple-doubles, both done at the high-school level. The first was recorded by Tamika Catchings of Duncanville High School (Duncanville, Texas) and Adlai Stevenson High School (Lincolnshire, Illinois) with 25 points, 18 rebounds, 11 assists, 10 steals and 10 blocks in 1997.[144] The second was by Aimee Oertner of Northern Lehigh High School (Slatington, Pennsylvania), who had 26 points, 20 rebounds, 10 assists, 10 steals, and 11 blocks on January 7, 2012.[145]

text: Five-by-five[edit]

text: A five-by-five is defined as a performance in which a player accumulates a total of five in five statistical categories—points, rebounds, assists, steals, and blocks—in a single game.[146] Statistics for steals and blocks were not kept in the NBA until the 1973–74 season, so NBA five-by-fives were only possible from that season onward. Hakeem Olajuwon (six times) and Andrei Kirilenko (three times) are the only players to have recorded multiple five-by-fives (based on records since the 1984–85 season).[146] Both are also the only players to record five-by-sixes (at least six in all five statistical categories).[146] Only twice has a five-by-five coincided with a triple-double (both by Olajuwon; one of which was 1 assist shy of a quadruple double) and only three times has a player recorded a five-by-five without registering at least a double-double (two by Kirilenko and one by Marcus Camby).

text: NBA[edit]

text: The following is a list of known five-by-fives. Note the list contains all five-by-fives since the 1984–85 season, as well as one before. There may be other five-by-fives in the NBA that occurred before the 1984–85 season.

text:
Name

Date

Age

Team

Score

Opponent

Points

Rebounds

Assists

Steals

Blocks

Overtime

Reference

Julius Erving

December 5, 1979

7004108780000000000♠29 years, 286 days

Philadelphia 76ers

132–120

San Antonio Spurs

28
7
10
5
5

No

[147][148]

Hakeem Olajuwon

March 10, 1987

7003881400000000000♠24 years, 48 days

Houston Rockets

127–136

Seattle SuperSonics

38
17
6
7
12

Yes (2OT)

[149]

Hakeem Olajuwon

March 3, 1990

7003990300000000000♠27 years, 41 days

Houston Rockets

129–109

Golden State Warriors

29
18
9
5
11

No

[108]

Hakeem Olajuwon

April 11, 1992

7004106730000000000♠29 years, 81 days

Houston Rockets

92–99

Dallas Mavericks

19
13
6
5
5

No

[150]

David Robinson

November 10, 1992

7003995800000000000♠27 years, 96 days

San Antonio Spurs

104–98

Milwaukee Bucks

29
9
5
5
10

No

[151]

Derrick Coleman

January 15, 1993

7003934000000000000♠25 years, 208 days

New Jersey Nets

110–105

Philadelphia 76ers

21
10
7
5
5

Yes (OT)

[152]

Hakeem Olajuwon

April 22, 1993

7004110490000000000♠30 years, 91 days

Houston Rockets

112–110

Minnesota Timberwolves

33
13
5
5
5

Yes (OT)

[153]

Hakeem Olajuwon

November 5, 1993

7004112460000000000♠30 years, 288 days

Houston Rockets

110–88

New Jersey Nets

24
19
6
5
5

No

[154]

Hakeem Olajuwon

December 30, 1993

7004113010000000000♠30 years, 343 days

Houston Rockets

110–104

Minnesota Timberwolves

34
10
5
5
8

No

[155]

Vlade Divac

February 22, 1995

7003988100000000000♠27 years, 19 days

Los Angeles Lakers

112–100

Philadelphia 76ers

19
12
8
5
5

No

[156]

Jamaal Tinsley

November 16, 2001

7003866200000000000♠23 years, 261 days

Indiana Pacers

113–120

Minnesota Timberwolves

12
9
15
6
5

Yes (2OT)

[157]

Andrei Kirilenko

December 3, 2003

7003832300000000000♠22 years, 288 days

Utah Jazz

101–107

Houston Rockets

19
5
7
8
5

Yes (OT)

[158]

Andrei Kirilenko

December 10, 2003

7003833000000000000♠22 years, 295 days

Utah Jazz

95–73

New York Knicks

10
12
6
6
5

No

[159]

Marcus Camby

January 9, 2004

7004108850000000000♠29 years, 293 days

Denver Nuggets

106–96

Utah Jazz

8
11
5
5
8

No

[160]

Andrei Kirilenko

January 3, 2006

7003908500000000000♠24 years, 319 days

Utah Jazz

90–80

Los Angeles Lakers

14
8
9
6
7

No

[161]

Nicolas Batum

December 16, 2012

7003876800000000000♠24 years, 2 days

Portland Trail Blazers

95–94

New Orleans Hornets

11
5
10
5
5

No

[162]

Draymond Green

December 11, 2015

7003941300000000000♠25 years, 282 days

Golden State Warriors

124–119

Boston Celtics

24
11
8
5
5

Yes (2OT)

[163]

text: Facts[edit]

text: All facts based on data since 1985–86:

text:
Greatest five-by-fives (most of each stat): Hakeem Olajuwon, on March 10, 1987, became the first in NBA history to record a five-by-six (at least 6 each of all five statistics: points, rebounds, assists, blocks, steals).[164] It took nearly twenty years for the second official occurrence in NBA history. Andrei Kirilenko, on January 3, 2006, recorded a five-by-five against the Lakers. Though his numbers were not quite as impressive as Olajuwon's, Kirilenko performed the feat in regulation.
Most five-by-fives in a career: Hakeem Olajuwon leads all players with 6 career five-by-fives.[146] Andrei Kirilenko, with 3, is the only other player with more than one career five-by-five.
Most five-by-fives in the same season: Only twice has a player recorded two five-by-fives in a season. Olajuwon in the 1993–94 season, and Kirilenko in the 2003–04 season.
Quickest pair of five-by-fives: Kirilenko performed a five-by-five on December 3, 2003, and completed another just a week later, on December 10, 2003. The second-quickest five-by-fives were completed by Olajuwon on November 5, 1993, and another, 55 days later, on December 30, 1993.
Youngest player: Kirilenko's first NBA five-by-five came on December 3, 2003, making him the youngest to record a five-by-five at age 22 years, 288 days.
Oldest player: Olajuwon is the oldest player to record a five-by-five. His last career five-by-five came on December 30, 1993, at which time he was 30 years, 343 days old.
Five-by-sixes: Olajuwon and Kirilenko are the only players to achieve this feat in NBA history.[165]


document_title: Kuniumi

question_text: who created the island of japan by stirring the water with a spear

root

text: Kuniumi

text: Creation story[edit]

text: According to the Kojiki[edit]

text: After the formation, the Heaven was above and Earth was still a drifting soft mush. The first five gods named Kotoamatsukami (別天津神, "Separate Heavenly Deities") were lone deities without gender[1] and did not procreate. Then came the Kamiyonanayo (神世七代, "The Seven Divine Generations"), consisting of two lone deities followed by five couples.  It was the last couple, Izanagi and Izanami that gave earth its solid form and first procreated other gods.

tag: p

text: The elder gods delegated the youngest couple Izanagi and Izanami to carry out their venerable mandate: to reach down from heaven and give solid form to the earth. This they did with the use of a precious stone-covered spear named Ame-no-nuboko (天沼矛, "heavenly jewelled spear"), given to them by the elders. Standing over the Ame-no-ukihashi (天浮橋, "floating bridge of heaven"), they churned the chaotic mass with the spear. When drops of salty water fell from the tip, they formed into the first island, Onogoroshima. In forming this island, both gods came down from heaven, and spontaneously built a central support column [2] called the Ame-no-mihashira (天御柱, "heavenly pillar") which upheld the "hall measuring eight fathoms" that the gods caused to appear afterwards.[1][3][4][5]

text: Then they initiated conversation inquiring of each other's bodily anatomy, leading to a mutual decision to mate and procreate:[4]

text:
IZANAGI:

How has your body been made?[nb 1]

IZANAMI:

My body is fully formed, except for a part which has not quite grown.[nb 2]

IZANAGI:

My body is fully formed, except I have a part that has grown too much. If I place the part of my body that has grown too much, and plug the part of your body not yet grown, we will procreate lands and dominions. What say you to this?[nb 3]

text: Izanami accepted the offer and Izanagi proposed that both should circle around the column Ame-no-mihashira in opposite directions, Izanami going right and Izanagi left and on meeting each other would perform sexual intercourse (maguwai (麻具波比)). However, when they met on the other side of the pillar, Izanami was the first to speak, saying: "Oh, indeed you are beautiful and kind youth!", to which Izanagi replied: "Oh, what a most beautiful and kind youth!". Izanagi then rebukes Izanami saying: "It is wrong for the wife to speak first.".[4]

text: However they mated anyway and later fathered a child Hiruko (lit. "leech child), who was placed in a reed boat dragged by the current.[nb 4] Afterwards they gave birth to Awashima (淡島, lit. "island of foam"). Neither Hiruko and Awashima were considered legitimate children of Izanagi and Izanami.[4]

text: Izanagi and Izanami decided to ascend to heaven and consult the primordial gods at Takamagahara about the ill-formed children that resulted from their union. The gods through divination determined that the woman speaking first during the ceremony was the cause. So the couple returned to Onogoroshima island and repeated the ritual encircling column, only making sure the male-god was the first to speak out greeting. When finished they performed the union successfully and lands began to be born.[6]

text: Birth of the islands[edit]

text: According to the legend, the formation of Japan started with the procreation of eight large islands by Izanagi and Izanami. In order of birth these islands are the following:[6]

text:
Awaji-no-ho-no-sawake-no-shima (淡道之穂之狭別島): currently, Awaji Island;
Iyo-no-futana-no-shima (伊予之二名島): currently, Shikoku. This island had a body and four faces. The names of the faces are as follows:
Ehime (愛比売): Iyo Province;
Ihiyorihiko (飯依比古): Sanuki Province;
Ohogetsuhime (大宣都比売): Awa Province;
Takeyoriwake (建依別): Tosa Province.
Oki-no-mitsugo-no-shima (隠伎之三子島): today, Oki Islands. Dubbed Ame-no-oshikorowake (天之忍許呂別);
Tsukushi-no-shima (筑紫島): today, Kyūshū. This island had a body and four faces. The names of the faces are as follows:
Shirahiwake (白日別): Tsukushi Province;
Toyohiwake (豊日別): Toyo Province;
Takehimukahitoyojihinewake (建日向日豊久士比泥別): Hi Province;
Takehiwake (建日別): Kumaso.
Iki-no-shima (伊伎島): today, Iki Island. Dubbed Amehitotsubashira (天比登都柱);
Tsu-shima (津島): today, Tsushima Island. Dubbed Ame-no-sadeyorihime (天之狭手依比売);
Sado-no-shima (佐度島): today, Sado Island;
Ohoyamatotoyoakitsu-shima (大倭豊秋津島): today, Honshu.  Dubbed Amatsumisoratoyoakitsunewake (天御虚空豊秋津根別).

text: Traditionally these islands are known as Ōyashima (lit. eight large islands) and as a whole are what is currently known as Japan. In the myth neither Hokkaidō nor the Ryukyu Islands are mentioned as these were not known to the Japanese at the time of compiling the Kojiki.[6]

text: Additionally, Izanagi and Izanami then gave birth to six islands:[6][7]

text:
Kibi-no-kojima (吉備児島): Kojima Peninsula (ja) of Kibi (now in Okayama). Dubbed Takehikatawake (建日方別);
Azuki-jima (小豆島): Shōdoshima. Dubbed Ohonodehime (大野手比売);
Oho-shima (大島): Suō-ōshima. Dubbed Ohotamaruwake (大多麻流別);
Hime-jima (女島): Himeshima. Dubbed Amehitotsune (天一根);
Chika-no-shima (知訶島): Gotō Islands. Dubbed Ame-no-oshio (天之忍男);
Futago-no-shima (両児島): Danjo Archipelago. Dubbed Amefutaya (天両屋).

text: According to the Nihon Shoki[edit]

text: The story of this book only differs in that Izanagi and Izanami volunteered to consolidate the Earth. In addition the two deities are described as "god of yang" (陽神 youshin, male deity) and "goddess of yin" (陰神 inshin, female deity) influenced by the ideas of Yin and yang. The rest of the story is identical, except that the other celestial gods (Kotoamatsukami) do not appear, nor are the last six smaller islands mentioned that were born through Izanagi and Izanami.

text: Notes[edit]

text:
Jump up ^ 「汝身者如何成也」 (in Old Japanese); 「あなたの体はどのようにできていますか」 (transcription in modern Japanese).  Kojiki.

Jump up ^ 「妾身層層鑄成 然未成處有一處在」 (in Old Japanese); 「私の体には、成長して、成長していないところが1ヶ所あります」 (transcription in modern Japanese). Kojiki.

Jump up ^ 「吾身亦層層鑄也 尚有凸餘處一 故以此吾身之餘處 刺塞汝身之未成處 為完美態而生國土 奈何」 (in Old Japanese); 「私の体には、成長して、成長し過ぎたところが1ヶ所あります。そこで、この私の成長し過ぎたところで、あなたの成長していないところを刺して塞いで、国土を生みたいと思います。生むのはどうですか。」 (transcription in modern Japanese). Kojiki.

Jump up ^ Later popular legends say he became the Japanese god Ebisu. It does not say so in the Kojiki


document_title: G.I. (military)

question_text: what does g i stand for in gi joe

question_tokens: what does g i stand for in gi joe

text: G.I. (military)

text: G.I. is a noun used to describe the soldiers of the United States Army and airmen of the United States Army Air Forces and also for general items of their equipment.[1] The term G.I. has been used as an initialism of "Government Issue" or "General Issue", but it originally referred to "galvanized iron", as used by the logistics services of the United States Armed Forces.[2] The letters "G.I." were used to denote equipment made from galvanized iron, such as metal trash cans, in U.S. Army inventories and supply records.[2][3]

text: During World War I, American soldiers sardonically referred to incoming German artillery shells as "G.I. cans". Also during that war, "G.I." started being interpreted as "Government Issue" or "General Issue" for the general items of equipment of soldiers and airmen. The term "G.I." came into widespread use in the United States with the start of the Selective Service System ("the draft") in 1940, extending into 1941. Next, the use of "G.I." expanded from 1942 through 1945. The American five-star General Dwight D. Eisenhower said in 1945 that "the truly heroic figure of this war [is] G.I. Joe and his counterpart in the air, the navy, and the Merchant Marine of every one of the United Nations."[4]

text: "G.I." was also used as an adjective for anything having to do with the US Army or Army Air Force.[2]

text: In British military parlance and in armed forces modelled on British military traditions, G.I. refers to a Gunnery Instructor (generally an NCO responsible for inducting and training recruits).


document_title: Ossification

question_text: when do secondary ossification centers appear in the epiphysis

text: Ossification

text: Timetable for human ossification[edit]

text:
Time period[2]

Bones affected[2]

Third month of fetal development

Ossification in long bones beginning

Fourth month

Most primary ossification centers have appeared in the diaphyses of bone.

Birth to 5 years

Secondary ossification centers appear in the epiphyses

5 years to 12 years in females, 5 to 14 years in males

Ossification is spreading rapidly from the ossification centers and various bones are becoming ossified

17 to 20 years

Bone of upper limbs and scapulae becoming completely ossified

18 to 23 years

Bone of the lower limbs and os coxae become completely ossified

23 to 25 years

Bone of the sternum, clavicles, and vertebrae become completely ossified

By 25 years

Nearly all bones are completely ossified

text: Intramembranous ossification[edit]

text: Intramembranous ossification forms the flat bones of the skull, clavicle and mandible.

text: Endochondral ossification[edit]

text:
Endochondral ossification is the formation of long bones and other bones.
This requires a hyaline cartilage precursor. There are two centers of ossification for endochondral ossification.

text: The primary center

text: In long bones, bone tissue first appears in the diaphysis (middle of shaft). Chondrocytes multiply and form trebeculae. Cartilage is progressively eroded and replaced by hardened bone, extending towards the epiphysis. A perichondrium layer surrounding the cartilage forms the periosteum, which generates osteogenic cells that then go on to make a collar that encircles the outside of the bone and remodels the medullary cavity on the inside.

text: The nutrient artery enters via the nutrient foramen from a small opening in the diaphysis. It invades the primary center of ossification, bringing osteogenic cells (osteoblasts on the outside, osteoclasts on the inside.) The canal of the nutrient foramen is directed away from more active end of bone when one end grows more than the other. When bone grows at same rate at both ends, the nutrient artery is perpendicular to the bone.

text: Most other bones (e.g. vertebrae) also have primary ossification centers, and bone is laid down in a similar manner.

text: Secondary centers

text: The secondary centers generally appear at the epiphysis. Secondary ossification mostly occurs after birth (except for distal femur and proximal tibia which occurs during 9th month of fetal development). The epiphyseal arteries and osteogenic cells invade the epiphysis, depositing osteoblasts and osteoclasts which erode the cartilage and build bone. This occurs at both ends of long bones but only one end of digits and ribs.

text: Evolution[edit]

text: Several hypotheses have been proposed for how bone evolved as a structural element in vertebrates. One hypothesis is that bone developed from tissues that evolved to store minerals. Specifically, calcium-based minerals were stored in cartilage and bone was an exaptation development from this calcified cartilage.[3] However, other possibilities include bony tissue evolving as an osmotic barrier, or as a protective structure.