document_title: United States two-dollar bill

question_text: when did the first 2 dollar bill come out

text: United States two-dollar bill

text: Denomination overview[edit]

text: The denomination of two dollars was authorized under a congressional act, and first used in March 1862.[2] The denomination was continuously used until the 1960s; by this time the United States Note was the only remaining class of U.S. currency the two-dollar bill was assigned to. In 1966 it was decided to discontinue production of all United States Notes, which included the two-dollar bill.[3] The two-dollar denomination was not immediately reassigned to the Federal Reserve Note class of United States currency and was thus fully discontinued; the Treasury Department cited the two-dollar bill's low use and unpopularity as the reason for not immediately resuming use of the denomination. In 1976, production of the two-dollar denomination was resumed and the two-dollar bill was finally assigned as a Federal Reserve Note, with a new reverse design featuring John Trumbull's depiction of the drafting of the United States Declaration of Independence replacing the previous design of Monticello. It has remained a current denomination since then.[4] It was estimated that if the two-dollar bill replaced approximately half of the one-dollar bills in circulation, the federal government would be able to save about $26 million in 1976 dollars ($112 million adjusted for inflation)[5] over the period from 1976 to 1981, due to reduced production, storage, and shipping costs.[6]

text: However, due to their limited use, two-dollar bills are not printed as frequently in a new series as other denominations, which are produced according to demand.[7] Some bill acceptors found in vending machines, self checkout lanes, and other automated kiosks are configured to accommodate two-dollar bills, even if the fact is not stated on the label.[8] Although they are generally available at most banks, two-dollar bills are usually not handed out except upon specific request by the customer, and may cause a delay with a trip to the vault.[9]

text: Rarity[edit]

text: Printing $2 bills is twice as cost-effective for the government as printing $1 bills, since they both cost the same amount (about $0.05) to make, but the public has not circulated them as widely.  During the Great Depression, few Americans had enough money to require $2 bills. In the middle of the 20th century, $2 bills were commonly used at strip clubs, for betting on horse racing, and for bribery when politicians wanted votes (though this may be an urban legend)[10] and so acquired a negative reputation. The unusual reverse design of the 1976 note contributed to hoarding and combined with the earlier discontinuation to give the impression these notes might be valuable as collector's items, above their face value.  The public at large continues to be unfamiliar with the notes because they are not being circulated widely.[11]

text: Today, there is a common misconception by the general public that the $2 bill is no longer being produced,[12] though bills have been printed in 1996, 1997, 2004, 2006, 2012, and 2013. The U.S. treasury reports that $1,549,052,714 worth of $2 bills were in circulation worldwide as of April 30, 2007.[12]

text: Things such as unusual serial numbers (example: A11111111A), and replacement notes designated by a star in the serial number can raise the collector value. "Collectible" two-dollar bills have been made and sold by coin dealers and others in recent years merely by adding colors and special graphics to regular issue bills by using computer printers. However, these bills are not authorized by the Bureau of Engraving and Printing (BEP) and are not worth anything more than face value on the collectors' market.[13]

text: Certain conventions and tourism/convention bureaus capitalize on the scarcity of $2 bills in circulation, encouraging convention attendees and tourists to spend $2 bills in order to illustrate to the host communities the economic impact that the conventions and tourism bring. Sometimes known as "SpendTom" campaigns, the $2 bills linger in the community as a constant reminder. Some campaigns encourage people to participate in a hunt for the bills in order to win prizes.[14]

text: History[edit]

text: Large-sized notes[edit]

text: (approximately 7.4218 × 3.125 in ≅ 189 × 79 mm)

text: In March 1862, the first $2 bill was issued as a Legal Tender Note (United States Note) with a portrait of Alexander Hamilton; the portrait of Hamilton used was a profile view and is not the same portrait used currently for the $10 bill. The continental congress based on defending the United States, released on June 25, 1776, began to authorize $2 credit, the circulation of 49,000 copies. Pass two-dollar bill was first used in March 1862. Between 1966 and 1976, two-dollar notes were not printed.

text: By 1869, the $2 United States Note was redesigned with the now familiar portrait of Thomas Jefferson to the left and a vignette of the United States Capitol in the center of the obverse. This note also featured green tinting on the top and left side of the obverse. Although this note is technically a United States Note, TREASURY NOTE appeared on it instead of UNITED STATES NOTE. The reverse was completely redesigned. This series was again revised in 1874; changes on the obverse included removing the green tinting, adding a red floral design around WASHINGTON D.C., and changing the term TREASURY NOTE to UNITED STATES NOTE. The 1874 design was also issued as Series of 1875 and 1878, and by 1880, the red floral design around WASHINGTON D.C. on the United States Note was removed and the serial numbers were changed to blue. This note with the red floral design was also issued as Series of 1917 but with red serial numbers by that time.[15]

text: National Bank Notes were issued in 1875 and feature a woman unfurling a flag and a big 2 (Lazy Duce) on the obverse. The reverse has the king of England smoking tobacco and an eagle with a shield.[16]

text: In 1886, the first $2 silver certificate with a portrait of United States Civil War General Winfield Scott Hancock on the left of the obverse was issued. This design continued until 1891 when a new $2 Silver Certificate was issued with a portrait of U.S. Treasury Secretary William Windom in the center of the obverse.[17]

text: Two-dollar Treasury, or "Coin", Notes were first issued for government purchases of silver bullion in 1890 from the silver mining industry. The reverse featured large wording of TWO in the center and a numeral 2 to the right surrounded by an ornate design that occupied almost the entire note. In 1891, the reverse of the Series of 1890 Treasury Note was redesigned because the treasury felt that it was too "busy", making it too easy to counterfeit. More open space was incorporated into the new design.[18]

text:
In 1896, the "Educational Series" Silver Certificate was issued. The entire obverse of the note was covered in artwork with an allegorical figure of science presenting steam and electricity to commerce and manufacture. The reverse of the note featured portraits of Robert Fulton and Samuel F. B. Morse surrounded by an ornate design that occupied almost the entire note.
By 1899, however, The $2 Silver Certificate was redesigned with a small portrait of George Washington surrounded by allegorical figures representing agriculture and mechanics.[19]

text: Large-sized Federal Reserve Bank Notes were issued in 1918. Each note was an obligation of the issuing Federal Reserve Bank and could only be redeemed at the corresponding bank. The obverse of the note featured a borderless portrait of Thomas Jefferson to left and wording in the entire center. The reverse featured a World War I battleship.[20]

text: Beginning in the 1950s, production of $2 bills began to decrease. The relative scarcity of the bills led some to start saving any they found, with the inevitable result that the notes became rarer in circulation. Currently, the circulation of $2 bills accounts for around 1% of the U.S. currency in circulation.

text: Small size notes[edit]

text: (6.14 × 2.61 in ≅ 156 × 66 mm)

text: In 1928, when all U.S. currency was changed to its current size, the $2 bill was issued only as a United States Note. The obverse featured a cropped version of Thomas Jefferson's portrait that had been on previous $2 bills. The reverse featured Jefferson's home, Monticello. The note's seal and serial numbers were red. The Series of 1928 $2 bill featured the treasury seal superimposed by the United States Note obligation to the left and a large gray TWO to the right.[21]

text: In 1953, the $2 bill received minor design changes analogous to the $5 United States Note. The treasury seal was made smaller and moved to the right side of the bill; it was superimposed over the gray word TWO. The United States Note obligation now became superimposed over a gray numeral 2. The reverse remained unchanged.[22]

text:
The final change to $2 United States Notes came in 1963 when the motto IN GOD WE TRUST was added to the reverse over the Monticello.[23]
Further, because dollar bills were soon to be no longer redeemable in silver, WILL PAY TO THE BEARER ON DEMAND was removed from the obverse. Two-dollar bills, along with $5 and $100 United States Notes, were officially discontinued in August 1966, although they all remain legal tender.

text: On April 13, 1976, the Treasury Department reintroduced the $2 bill as a cost-saving measure.[24] Series 1976 $2 bills were redesigned and issued as a Federal Reserve Note. The obverse design remains basically unchanged since 1928 and features the same portrait of Jefferson. A green treasury seal and serial numbers replace the red used on the previous United States Notes. Since the reissue of the bill coincided with the United States Bicentennial, it was decided to use a bicentennial-themed design on the reverse, though the bill was not issued specifically because of the bicenntenial. An engraved rendition (not an exact reproduction) of John Trumbull's The Declaration of Independence replaced Monticello on the reverse. First-day issues of the new $2 bills could be taken to a post office and stamped with the date "APR 13 1976". In all, 590,720,000 notes from Series 1976 were printed.

text: Currently, stamped series 1976 $2 bills typically trade for about twice their face value. If the bills were stamped in a city with an unusual name, the value may be slightly higher. However, no first-day-issued 1976 $2 bills with stamps are especially rare or valuable.

text: Despite their age, crisp, uncirculated series 1976 $2 bills are not uncommon and are not particularly valuable. More than half a billion of these notes were printed and a large amount were saved and hoarded upon their original issue. A typical single uncirculated 1976 $2 bill is worth only slightly above face value. If the note is circulated, then it is only worth its $2 face value.

text: In 1996 and 1997, 153,600,000 bills were printed[25] as Series 1995 for the Federal Reserve District of Atlanta. In 2004, 121,600,000 of the Series 2003 bills were printed for the Minneapolis Federal Reserve Bank. An issue of Series 2003A $2 bills was printed from July to September 2006 for all twelve Federal Reserve Banks. In all, 220,800,000 notes were printed.[26]

text: In February 2012, the B.E.P. printed 512,000 Series 2009 $2 Star Notes, in anticipation of more regular runs being printed later in 2012. Series 2009 $2 bills were issued to banks during the summer of 2012.[27][28]

text: In November 2013, the B.E.P. began printing series 2013 $2 bills for the Federal Reserve Bank of Atlanta; these notes entered circulation in early 2014. A total of 44,800,000 notes were ordered for fiscal year 2014, which ran from October 2013 through September 2014.[29]

text: Series dates[edit]

text: Large size[edit]

text:
Type

Series

Registerα

Treasurerα

Sealα

Notes

Legal Tender Note
1862
Lucius E. Chittenden
F.E. Spinner
Small Red w/rays
Also called a "Greenback".

Legal Tender Note
1869
John Allison
F.E. Spinner
Large Red
Nicknamed: "Rainbow Note" from its red, white, and blue colors.[30]

Legal Tender Note
1874
John Allison
F.E. Spinner
Small Red w/rays

Legal Tender Note
1875
John Allison
New & Wyman
Small Red w/rays

Legal Tender Note
1878
Allison & Scofield
James Gilfillan
Small Red w/rays
Scofield/Gilfillan combo is scarce

Legal Tender Note
1880
Scofield, Bruce, Rosecrans, and Tillman
Gilfillan, Wyman, Huston, Nebeker, and Morgan
Large Brown/RedSmall Red scalloped

Legal Tender Note
1917
Teehee, Elliott, and Speelman
John Burke & White
Small Red scalloped

National Bank Note
Original
Colby, Jeffries, and Allison
F.E. Spinner
Small Red w/rays
Jeffries/Spinner combo is very rare

National Bank Note
1875
Allison & Scofield
New, Wyman, and Gilfillan
Small Red scalloped
Nicknamed: "Lazy Deuce" along with the original series from the position of the "2" on the note.[31]

Silver Certificate
1886
William S. Rosecrans
Jordan, Hyatt, and Huston
Large Brown/RedSmall Red scalloped

Silver Certificate

1891

William S. Rosecrans

Benjamin Harrison

Large Red

Silver Certificate
1891
Rosecrans & Tillman
Nebecker & Morgan
Small Red scalloped

Silver Certificate
1896
Tillman & Bruce
Morgan & Roberts
Small Red w/rays
Part of the "Educational Series".

Silver Certificate
1899
Lyons, Vernon, Napier, Parker, Teehee, Elliott, and Speelman
Roberts, Treat, McClung,Thompson, Burke, and White
Blue

Treasury Note
1890
William S. Rosecrans

Huston & Nebecker
Large Brown & Small Red scalloped

Treasury Note

1890

William S. Rosecrans

Benjamin Harrison

Large Red

Treasury Note
1891
Rosecrans, Tillman, and Bruce
Nebecker, Morgan, and Roberts
Small Red scalloped

Federal Reserve Bank Note
1918
Teehee & Elliott
John Burke
Blue
Nicknamed: "Battleship note" from the reverse design.[32]

text: Small size[edit]

text:
Type

Series

Treasurerα

Secretaryα

Seal

Legal Tender Note

1928, 1928-A to G

Tate, Woods, Julian,Clark
Mellon, Mills, Morgenthau,Vinson, Snyder
Red

Legal Tender Note

1953, 1953-A to C

Priest, Smith, Granahan
Humphrey, Anderson, Dillon
Red

Legal Tender Note

1963, 1963-A

Kathryn E. Granahan
Dillon & Fowler
Red

Federal Reserve Note

1976

Francine I. Neff
William E. Simon
Green

Federal Reserve Note

1995

Mary Ellen Withrow
Robert E. Rubin
Green

Federal Reserve Note

2003

Rosario Marin
John W. Snow
Green

Federal Reserve Note

2003-A

Anna Escobedo Cabral
John W. Snow
Green

Federal Reserve Note

2009

Rosa Gumataotao Rios
Timothy F. Geithner
Green

Federal Reserve Note

2013

Rosa Gumataotao Rios
Jack Lew
Green

text: Visual snapshot[edit]

text: A chronological display of the American two-dollar bill.

text: Usage[edit]

text: Over five million $2 bills are entered into the database of the American currency-tracking website Where's George?.[34] Because $2 bills are uncommon in daily use, their use can make a particular group of spenders visible. A documented case of using two-dollar bills to send a message to a community is the case of Geneva Steel and the communities in the surrounding Utah County. In 1989, Geneva Steel paid its employee bonuses in $2 bills. When the bills began to appear in different places, people recognized the importance of the company to the local economy.[35]

text: Use of the two-dollar bill is also being suggested by some gun rights activists to show support for Second Amendment rights, particularly at stores that allow Open Carry or Concealed carry of weapons on their premises.[36][37] Two-dollar notes have also seen increased usage in situations where tipping is encouraged, especially in gentlemen's clubs. This is due to the idea that tips will increase because of the ease of use of a single, higher-denomination bill as the lowest common note in use.[38]

text: The use of the two-dollar bill is popular among fans and alumni of Clemson University, who often bring notes with them when traveling to university athletic events in other localities as a demonstration of their economic impact in an area. The idea was first popularized in 1977 when Georgia Tech had threatened no longer to play the Tigers in football and has since caught on as a token of fandom when traveling to other locations. Fans will often stamp an orange tiger paw (Clemson's logo) on the note as a sign of its origin.[39]

text: During the 1930s, the $2 bill was often used at East Coast horse race tracks to make a bet. Because of the German and Jewish influence, the bill was locally known in parts of New Jersey as a "zwei-buck", and the upper right corner "2" was sometimes torn off to increase the luck.[citation needed]

text: Incidents[edit]

text: The relative scarcity of the $2 bill in everyday circulation has led to confusion at points of sale, as well as overreaction and prosecution of the individual attempting to tender the bill.

text: In 2005, a man in Baltimore, Maryland, was jailed for attempting to use $2 bills to pay a car stereo installation fee that Best Buy originally agreed to waive in the first place.[40]

text: In 2016, a 13-year-old girl in Texas was detained by police at Fort Bend Independent School District's Christa McAuliffe Middle School and prevented from eating lunch that day for attempting to use a $2 bill to pay for chicken nuggets in the school cafeteria.[41][42]

text: Uncut currency sheets[edit]

text: Uncut currency sheets are available from the Bureau of Engraving and Printing. Some of the recent $2 uncut sheets from Series 1995 and Series 2003 have been collectibles as they come from special non-circulation printings. Most of the Series 1995 $2 uncut sheets had a higher suffix letter in the serial number than regular circulation $2 bills. Uncut $2 sheets from Series 2003 were printed for the Boston (A), New York (B), Atlanta (F), Chicago (G), Minneapolis (I), and Dallas (K) Federal Reserve Districts despite the fact that notes from the Minneapolis district were the only ones released for circulation. Uncut sheets of Series 2003A have also been produced, although in this case circulating currency for all districts has also been made. All two-dollar bills beginning with Series 1995 have been printed in the BEP facility in Fort Worth, Texas, (indicated by "FW" preceding the face plate number on the obverse of the note).[26][43][44]

text:
Uncut sheets of $2 bills are available in various sizes. A 32-subject sheet, which is the original-size sheet on which the notes are printed, is available. Other sheet sizes available have been cut from the original 32-subject sheet. These include half (16-note), quarter (8-note), and eighth (4-note) sheets for $2 bills. Uncut sheets are sold for more than their respective face values.[45]
Uncut sheets of large size notes (issued before 1928) also exist, but are extremely rare.[46]

text: Steve Wozniak, a co-founder of Apple Inc., has been using $2 banknotes separated from 4-bill uncut sheets (glued together into pads), to surprise merchants and waiters; also, because of the notes' unusual appearance, he has been interviewed by a Secret Service agent.[47][48]

text: It has become common and trendy for patrons of Wolfgang's Steakhouse located on Park Ave in Manhattan to leave a full sheet (or portion thereof) of $2 bills as a tip for service.[49]


document_title: Raise a Little Hell

question_text: who sings the song raise a little hell

question_tokens: who sings the song raise a little hell

root

text: Raise a Little Hell

text:
"Raise a Little Hell"

Single by Trooper

from the album Thick as Thieves

Released
1978

Format
7" vinyl

Genre
Hard rock

Length
3:43

Songwriter(s)
McGuire/Smith

Producer(s)
Randy Bachman

Trooper singles chronology

"Oh, Pretty Lady"
(1978)
"Raise a Little Hell"
(1978)
"Round Round We Go"
(1978)

"Oh, Pretty Lady"
(1978)
"Raise a Little Hell"
(1978)
"Round Round We Go"
(1978)

tag: table

text: "Raise a Little Hell" is a song by Canadian rock band Trooper. The song is the 10th and final track on the band's 1978 album Thick as Thieves. It is the band's only US Hot 100 hit[1] and is regularly played in sports stadiums across Canada.[citation needed]

tag: p


document_title: Constituent Assembly of India

question_text: who acted as the constitutional advisor to the constituent assembly

text: Constituent Assembly of India

text: Description [edit]

text: The Constituent Assembly, consisting of indirectly elected representatives, was established to draft a constitution for India (including the now-separate countries of Pakistan and Bangladesh). It existed for approximately three years, the first parliament of India after independence in 1947. The Assembly was not elected on the basis of universal adult suffrage, and Muslims and Sikhs received special representation as minorities. The Muslim League boycotted the Assembly after failing to prevent its creation. Although a large part of the Constituent Assembly was drawn from the Congress Party in a one-party environment, the Congress Party included a wide diversity of opinions—from conservative industrialists to radical Marxists, to Hindu revivalists.

text: The Assembly met for the first time in New Delhi on 9 December 1946, and its last session was held on 24 January 1950.[1] The hope of the Assembly was expressed by Jawaharlal Nehru:

text: The first task of this Assembly is to free India through a new constitution, to feed the starving people, and to clothe the naked masses, and to give every Indian the fullest opportunity to develop himself according to his capacity. This is certainly a great task. Look at India today. We, are sitting here and there in despair in many places, and unrest in many cities. The atmosphere is surcharged with these quarrels and feuds which are called communal disturbances, and unfortunately we sometimes cannot avoid them. But at present the greatest and most important question in India is how to solve the problem of the poor and the starving. Wherever we turn, we are confronted with this problem. If we cannot solve this problem soon, all our paper constitutions will become useless and purposeless. Keeping this aspect in view, who could suggest to us to postpone and wait?

text: Background and election[edit]

text: India was still under British rule when the Constituent Assembly was established following negotiations between Indian leaders and members of the 1946 Cabinet Mission to India from the United Kingdom. Provincial assembly elections were held early in 1946. Constituent Assembly members were elected indirectly by members of the newly elected provincial assemblies, and initially included representatives for those provinces that formed part of Pakistan (some of which are now in Bangladesh). The Constituent Assembly had 299 representatives, including nine women.

text: The Interim Government of India was formed on 2 September 1946 from the newly elected Constituent Assembly. The Congress Party held a large majority in the Assembly (69 percent of the seats), and the Muslim League held nearly all the seats reserved in the Assembly for Muslims. There were also members of smaller parties, such as the Scheduled Caste Federation, the Communist Party of India and the Unionist Party.

text: In June 1947 delegations from Sindh, East Bengal, Baluchistan, West Punjab and the North West Frontier Province withdrew to form the Constituent Assembly of Pakistan, meeting in Karachi. On 15 August 1947 the Dominion of India and Dominion of Pakistan became independent nations, and members of the Constituent Assembly who had not withdrawn to Karachi became India's Parliament. Twenty-eight members of the Muslim League joined the Indian Assembly, and 93 members were later nominated from the princely states; the Congress Party secured a majority of 82 percent.

text: Constitution and elections[edit]

text: At 11 am on 9 December 1946 the Assembly began its first session, with 208 members attending.  By early 1947, representatives of the Muslim League and princely states joined, and the Assembly approved the draft constitution on 26 November 1949. On 26 January 1950 the constitution took effect (commemorated as Republic Day), and the Constituent Assembly became the Provisional Parliament of India (continuing until after the first elections under the new constitution in 1952).

text: Organization[edit]

text: Dr. Sachchidananda Sinha was the first chairman (temporary) of Constituent Assembly. Later Dr. Rajendra Prasad was elected as the president and Its vice-president was Harendra Coomar Mookerjee, a Christian from Bengal and former vice-chancellor of Calcutta University. Also chairing the assembly's Minorities Committee, Mookerjee was appointed governor of West Bengal after India became a republic. Jurist B. N. Rau was appointed constitutional adviser to the assembly; Rau prepared the original draft of the constitution, and was later appointed a judge in the Permanent Court of International Justice in The Hague.

text: The assembly's work had five stages:

text:
Committees presented reports on issues.
B.N. Rau prepared an initial draft based on the reports and his research into the constitutions of other nations.
The drafting committee, chaired by B. R. Ambedkar, presented a detailed draft constitution which was published for public discussion.
The draft constitution was discussed, and amendments proposed and enacted.
The constitution was adopted, with a committee of experts led by the Congress Party (known as the Congress Assembly Party) played a pivotal role.[2]

tag: ul

text: Timeline[edit]

text:
9 December 1946: The first meeting of the Constituent Assembly was held in the constitution hall (now the Central Hall of Parliament House). Demanding a separate state, the Muslim League boycotted the meeting. Sachchidananda Sinha was elected temporary president of the assembly, in accordance with French practice.
11 December 1946: Rajendra Prasad was elected as president and H. C. Mukherjee was elected as vice-president of the constituent assembly. B. N. Rau was appointed as its constitutional adviser.
13 December 1946: An 'Objective Resolution' was moved by Jawaharlal Nehru in the assembly, laying down the underlying principles of the constitution. It finally became the Preamble of the constitution.
22 January 1947: Objective resolution unanimously adopted.
22 July 1947: National flag adopted.
15 August 1947: Indian independence achieved as the Dominion of India.
29 August 1947: Drafting Committee appointed with Dr. B. R. Ambedkar as the Chairman.
16 July 1948: Along with Harendra Coomar Mookerjee V. T. Krishnamachari was also elected as second vice-president of Constituent Assembly.
26 November 1949: Constitution passed and accepted by the assembly.
24 January 1950: "Jana Gana Mana" adopted as the national anthem, with the first two verses of "Vande Mataram" the national song. Rajendra Prasad elected the first president of India.

text: The assembly was chaired by Dr. Rajendra Prasad when it met as a constituent body, and by G. V. Mavlankar when it met as a legislative body. It completed the task of drafting a constitution in two years, eleven months and eighteen days, at a total expenditure of ₹6.4 million.

text: Committees of the Constituent Assembly[edit]

text: The Constituent Assembly appointed a total of 22 committees to deal with different tasks of constitution-making. Out of these, eight were major committees and the others were minor committees.

text: Major Committees

text:
Drafting Committee – Dr. B.R. Ambedkar
Union Powers Committee – Jawaharlal Nehru
Union Constitution Committee – Jawaharlal Nehru
Provincial Constitution Committee – Sardar Patel
Advisory Committee on Fundamental Rights, Minorities and Tribal and Excluded Areas – Sardar Patel.	This committee had the following subcommittees:
Fundamental Rights Sub-Committee – J.B. Kripalani
Minorities Sub-Committee – Harendra Coomar Mookerjee,
North-East Frontier Tribal Areas and Assam Excluded & Partially Excluded Areas Sub-Committee – Gopinath Bardoloi
Excluded and Partially Excluded Areas (Other than those in Assam) Sub-Committee – A V Thakkar
Rules of Procedure Committee – Dr. Rajendra Prasad
States Committee (Committee for Negotiating with States) – Jawaharlal Nehru
Steering Committee – Dr. Rajendra Prasad

tag: ol

text: Prominent members[edit]

text:
B. R. Ambedkar, Minister for Law; Chairman of Drafting Committee.
B. N. Rau, Constitutional Advisor
Jawaharlal Nehru, first Prime Minister of India
Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel, first Deputy Prime Minister and Home Minister
Maulana Abul Kalam Azad, Minister for Education
Rajendra Prasad, President of Constituent Assembly
C. Rajagopalachari, Governor-General of India
Sarat Chandra Bose, Barrister and Indian independence activist
Krishna Sinha, first Chief Minister, Bihar
Binodanand Jha,  Minister, Bihar
Shyam Nandan Prasad Mishra
Anugrah Narayan Sinha, Deputy Chief Minister and Finance Minister, Bihar
Rafi Ahmed Kidwai
Asaf Ali
Syama Prasad Mookerjee, Industries Minister, President, Hindu Mahasabha
Moturi Satyanarayana, Freedom Fighter
Rajkumari Amrit Kaur, Health Minister
Hansa Mehta, President, All India Women's Conference
N. G. Ranga
Deep Narayan Singh, Minister, Bihar
Gopinath Bordoloi, Prime Minister of Assam[3]
Sir Syed Muhammad Saadulla, Assam
P. Subbarayan
Kailashnath Katju
N. Gopalaswami Ayyangar
T. T. Krishnamachari
Rameshwar Prasad Sinha
Durgabai Deshmukh
K. M. Munshi
Krishana Ballabh Sahay
Frank Anthony, Anglo-Indian representative
Sarvepalli Radhakrishnan
John Mathai,first railway minister of India
Pratap Singh Kairon
L. Krishnaswamy Bharati - Madras Province
Chidambaram Subramaniam
Jaipal Singh Munda, Former Indian Hockey captain, and Tribal leader

text: Members (by province/state)[edit]

text:
Madras:
Annie Mascarene, O. V. Alagesan,
Mrs. Ammu Swaminathan,
M. Ananthasayanam Ayyangar,
Moturi Satyanarayana,
Mrs. Dakshayani Velayudhan,
Mrs. G. Durgabai,
Kala Venkatarao,
N. Gopalaswamy Ayyangar,
D. Govinda Das,
Revd. Jerome D'Souza,
P. Kakkan,
T.M. Kaliyannan Gounder,
K. Kamaraj,
V. C. Kesava Rao,
T. T. Krishnamachari,
Alladi Krishnaswamy Iyer
L. Krishnaswami Bharathi,
P. Kunhiraman,
Mosalikanti Thirumala Rao,
V. I. Munuswamy Pillai,
M. A. Muthiah Chettiar,
V. Nadimuthu Pillai,
S. Nagappa,
P. L. Narasimha Raju,
B. Pattabhi Sitaramayya,
C. Perumalswamy Reddy,
T. Prakasam,
S. H. Prater,
Raja Swetachalapati Ramakrishna Renga Roa of Bobbili,
R. K. Shanmukham Chetty,
T. A. Ramalingam Chettiar,
Ramnath Goenka,
O. P. Ramaswamy Reddiar,
N. G. Ranga,
Neelam Sanjeeva Reddy,
Sheik Galib Sahib,
K. Santhanam,
B. Shiva Rao,
Kallur Subba Rao,
U. Srinivasa Mallya,
P. Subbarayan,
C. Subramaniam,
V Subramaniam,
M. C. Veerabahu Pillai,
P. M. Velayudapani,
A. K. Menon,
T. J. M. Wilson,
Mohamed Ismail Sahib,
K. T. M. Ahmed Ibrahim,
Mahboob Ali Baig Sahib Bahadur,
B. Pocker Sahib Bahadur, pattam Tanupillai

text:
Bombay:
Balchandra Maheshwar Gupte,
Hansa Mehta,
Hari Vinayak Pataskar,
Dr. B. R. Ambedkar,
Joseph Alban D'Souza,
Kanayalal Nanabhai Desai,
Keshavrao Marutirao Jedhe,
Khandubhai Kasanji Desai,
Bal Gangadhar Kher,
M.R. Masani,
K.M. Munshi,
Narahar Vishnu Gadgil,
S. Nijalingappa,
S. K. Patil,
Ramchandra Manohar Nalavade,
R. R. Diwakar,
Shankarrao Deo,
G. V. Mavalankar,
Vallabhbhai Patel,
Abdul Kadar Mohammad Shaikh,
A. A. Khan

text:
West Bengal:
Monomohan Das,
Arun Chandra Guha,
Lakshmi Kanta Maitra,
Mihir Lal Chattopadhyay,
Satis Chandra Samanta,
Suresh Chandra Majumdar,
Upendranath Barman,
Prabhudayal Himatsingka,
Basanta Kumar Das,
Renuka Ray,
H. C. Mukherjee,
Surendra Mohan Ghose,
Syama Prasad Mookerjee,
Ari Bahadur Gurung,
R. E. Platel,
K. C. Neogy,
Raghib Ahsan,
Somnath Lahiri,
Jasimuddin Ahmad,
Naziruddin Ahmad,
Abdul Hamid,
Abdul Halim Ghuznavi

text:
United Provinces:
Ajit Prasad Jain,
Algu Rai Shastri,
Balkrishna Sharma,
Banshi Dhar Misra,
Bhagwan Din,
Damodar Swarup Seth,
Dayal Das Bhagat,
Dharam Prakash,
A. Dharam Dass,
R. V. Dhulekar,
Feroz Gandhi,
Gopal Narain,
Krishna Chandra Sharma,
Govind Ballabh Pant,
Govind Malviya,
Har Govind Pant,
Harihar Nath Shastri,
Hriday Nath Kunzru,
Jaspat Roy Kapoor,
Jagannath Baksh Singh,
Jawaharlal Nehru,
Jogendra Singh,
Jugal Kishore,
Jwala Prasad Srivastava,
B. V. Keskar,
Kamala Chaudhry,
Kamalapati Tripathi,
J. B. Kripalani,
Mahavir Tyagi,
Khurshed Lal,
Masurya Din,
Mohan Lal Saksena,
Padampat Singhania,
Phool Singh,
Paragi Lal,
Purnima Banerjee,
Purushottam Das Tandon,
Hira Vallabha Tripathi,
Ram Chandra Gupta,
Shibban Lal Saxena,
Satish Chandra,
John Matthai,
Sucheta Kripalani,
Sunder Lall,
Venkatesh Narayan Tiwari,
Mohanlal Gautam,
Vishwambhar Dayal Tripathi,
Vishnu Sharan Dublish,
Begum Aizaz Rasul,
Hyder Hussain,
Hasrat Mohani,
Abul Kalam Azad,
Muhammad Ismail Khan,
Rafi Ahmad Kidwai,
Mohd. Hifzur Rahman,
Z H Lari

text:
East Punjab:
Bakshi Tek Chand,
Jairamdas Daulatram,
Thakurdas Bhargava,
Bikramlal Sondhi,
Yashwant Rai,
Ranbir Singh Hooda,
Lala Achint Ram,
Nand Lal,
Baldev Singh,
Giani Gurmukh Singh Musafir,
Sardar Hukam Singh,
Sardar Bhopinder Singh Mann,
Sardar Rattan Singh Lohgarh
Chaudhry Suraj Mal

text:
Bihar:
Nasif Arafat,
Amiyo Kumar Ghosh,
Anugrah Narayan Sinha,
Banarsi Prasad Jhunjhunwala,
Bhagwat Prasad,
Boniface Lakra,
Brajeshwar Prasad,
Chandika Ram,
K. T. Shah,
Devendra Nath Samanta,
Dip Narain Sinha,
Guptanath Singh,
Jadubans Sahay,
Jagat Narain Lal,
Jagjivan Ram,
Jaipal Singh Munda,
Kameshwar Singh of Darbhanga,
Kamaleshwari Prasad Yadav,
Mahesh Prasad Sinha,
Krishna Ballabh Sahay,
Raghunandan Prasad,
Rajendra Prasad,
Rameshwar Prasad Sinha,
Ramnarayan Singh,
Sachchidananda Sinha,
Sarangdhar Sinha,
Satyanarayan Sinha,
Binodanand Jha,
P. K. Sen,
Sri Krishna Sinha,
Sri Narayan Mahtha,
Syamanandan Mishra,
Hussain Imam,
Syed Jafar Imam,
Latifur Rahman,
Mohammad Tahir,
Tajamul Hussain,
Choudhry Abid Hussain.
Hargovind Mishra

text:
Central Provinces and Berar:
Ambica Charan Shukla,
Raghu Vira,
Rajkumari Amrit Kaur,
B.A. Mandloi,
Brijlal Nandlal Biyani,
Thakur Cheedilal,
Seth Govind Das,
Hari Singh Gour,
Hari Vishnu Kamath,
Hemchandra Jagobaji Khandekar,
Ghanshyam Singh Gupta,
Lakshman Shrawan Bhatkar,
Panjabrao Shamrao Deshmukh,
Ravi Shankar Shukla,
R. K. Sidhva,
Shankar Trimbak Dharmadhikari,
Frank Anthony,
Kazi Syed Karimuddin,
Ganpatrao Dani

text:
Assam:
Nibaran Chandra Laskar,
Dharanidhar Basu-Matari,
Gopinath Bardoloi,
J. J. M. Nichols-Roy,
Kuladhar Chaliha,
Rohini Kumar Chaudhury,
Muhammad Saadulla,
Abdur Rouf

text:
Orissa:
Biswanath Das,
Krishna Chandra Gajapati Narayana Dev,
Harekrushna Mahatab,
Laxminarayan Sahu
Lokanath Mishra,
Nandkishore Das,
Rajkrishna Bose,
Santanu Kumar Das,
Yudhishir Mishra

text:
Delhi:
Deshbhandhu Gupta

text:
Ajmer-Merwara:
Mukut Bihari Lal Bhargava

text:
Coorg:
C. M. Poonacha

text:
Mysore:
K.C. Reddy,
T. Siddalingaiya,
H. R. Guruv Reddy,
S. V. Krishnamurthy Rao,
K. Hanumanthaiya,
H. Siddaveerappa,
T. Channiah

text:
Jammu and Kashmir:
Sheikh Muhammad Abdullah,
Motiram Baigra,
Mirza Mohammad Afzal Beg,
Maulana Mohammad Sayeed Masoodi

text:
Travancore-Cochin:
Pattom A. Thanu Pillai,
R. Sankar,
P. T. Chacko,
Panampilly Govinda Menon,
Annie Mascarene,
P.S.Nataraja Pillai,
K.A. Mohamed

text:
Madhya Bharat:
Vinayak Sitaram Sarwate,
Brijraj Narain,
Gopikrishna Vijayavargiya,
Ram Sahai,
Kusum Kant Jain,
Radhavallabh Vijayavargiya,
Sitaram S. Jajoo

text:
Saurashtra:
Balwant Rai Gopalji Mehta,
Jaisukhlal Hathi,
Amritlal Vithaldas Thakkar,
Chimanlal Chakubhai Shah,
Samaldas Laxmidas Gandhi

text:
Rajasthan:
V. T. Krishnamachari,
Hiralal Shastri,
Sardar Singhjhi of Khetri,
Jaswant Singhji,
Raj Bhadur,
Manikya Lal Varma,
Gokul Lal Asava,
Ramchandra Upadhyaya,
Balwant Sinha Mehta,
Dalel Singh,
Jainarain Vyas

text:
Patiala and East Punjab States Union:
Ranjit Singh,
Sochet Singh,
Bhagwant Roy

text:
Bombay States:
Vinayakrao Balshankar Vaidya,
B. N. Munavalli,
Gokulbhai Daulatram Bhatt,
Jivraj Narayan Mehta,
Gopaldas A. Desai,
Paranlal Thakurlal Munshi,
B. H. Khardekar,
Ratnappa Bharamappa Kumbhar

text:
Orissa States:
Lal Mohan Pati,
N. Madhava Rau,
Raj Kunwar,
Sarangadhar Das,
Yudhishthir Mishra

text:
Central Provinces States:
R. L. Malaviya,
Kishorimohan Tripathi,
Ramprasad Potai

text:
United Provinces States:
B. H. Zaidi,
Krishna Singh

text:
Madras States:
V. Ramaiah,
Ramakrishna Ranga Rao

text:
Vindhya Pradesh:
Avdesh Pratap Singh,
Shambu Nath Shukla,
Ram Sahai Tiwari,
Mannulalji Dwidedi

text:
Cooch Behar:
Himmat Singh K. Maheshwari

text:
Tripura and Manipur:
Girja Shankar Guha

text:
Bhopal:
Lal Singh

text:
Kutch:
Bhawani Arjun Khimji

text:
Himachal Pradesh:
Yashwant Singh Parmar

text: Members who later withdrew after partition[edit]

text:
East Bengal:
Abdullah al Mahmood,
Maulana Mohd Abdullah el Baqui,
Abdul Hamid,
Abdul Kasem Khan,
Mohammad Akram Khan,
A. Hamid,
Azizuddin Ahmad,
Muhammad Habibullah Bahar,
Prem Hari Barma,
Raj Kumar Chakraverty,
Sris Chandra Chattopadhyaya,
Abdul Matin Chaudhary,
Murtaza Raza Choudhry,
Hamidul Haq Chowdhury,
Akhay Kumar Das,
Dhirendra Nath Datta,
Bhupendra Kumar Datta,
Ebrahim Khan,
Fazlul Huq,
Fazlur Rahman,
Ghayasuddin Pathan,
Begum Shaista Suhrawardy Ikramullah,
Liaquat Ali Khan,
Mafizuddin Ahmad,
Mahmud Hussain,
Jnanendra Chandra Majumdar,
A. M. Malik,
Birat Chandra Mandal,
Jogendra Nath Mandal,
Mohammed Ali,
Khwaja Nazimuddin,
M.A.B.L. Nur Ahmed,
Nurul Amin,
Ishtiaq Hussain Qureshi,
Sri Dhananjoy M.A. B.L. Roy,
Maudi Bhakesh Chanda,
B.L. Serajul Islam,
Maulana Shabbir Ahmad Osmani,
Shahabudin Khwaja,
H.S. Suhrawardy,
Harendra Kumar Sur,
Tamizuddin Khan,
Kawivi Kerwar Datta,
Ghulam Mohammed

text:
West Punjab:
Mian Mumtaz Mohammad Khan Daultana,
Ganga Saran,
Zafarullah Khan,
Iftikhar Hussain Khan,
Mian Muhammad Iftikharuddin,
Muhammad Ali Jinnah,
Sheikh Karamat Ali,
Nazir Ahmad Khan,
Sardar Abdur Rab Nistar,
Feroz Khan Noon,
Omar Hayat Malik,
Shah Nawaz Begum Jahan Ara,
Sardar Shaukat Hyat Khan,

text:
Northwest Frontier Province:
Khan Abdul Ghafar Khan,
Khan Sardar Bahadur Khan,
Sardar Asad Ullah Jan Khan

text:
Sindh:
Abdus Sattar Abdur Rahman,
Alhajj Muhammad Hashim Gazder,
M.A. Khuhro

text:
Balochistan:
S. B. Nawab Mohammad Khan Jogezai

text: Gallery[edit]

text:
Jawaharlal Nehru and other members taking pledge during the midnight session of the Constituent Assembly of India held on 14 and 15 August 1947.

Dr. Babasaheb Ambedkar Chairman, Drafting Committee of the Indian Constitution with other members on Aug. 29, 1947.

Dr. Babasaheb Ambedkar, chairman of the Drafting Committee, presenting the final draft of the Indian Constitution to Dr. Rajendra Prasad on 25 November, 1949.

B. R. Ambedkar in Constituent Assembly of India.

Jawaharlal Nehru addressing the constituent assembly in 1946.


document_title: The A Word

question_text: the a word series 2 how many episodes

question_tokens: the a word series 2 how many episodes

text: The A Word

text: Synopsis[edit]

text: Five-year-old Joe Hughes displays clear signs of communication problems and consistently isolates himself by listening to pop music through large blue and black headphones. He has encyclopaedic knowledge of the songs he listens to and accurately sings along with the lyrics. His parents, Alison and Paul, seem oblivious to the disorder and wonder why Joe is ostracised by other children of the same age. However, it is later discovered by Joe's grandfather, Maurice, that Alison and Paul have been taking him to hospital for his communication problems. Other family members know there is a problem, however, their attempts to intervene are met with obstruction from Joe's parents. After originally believing Joe had hearing problems, their otolaryngologist refers Joe to a specialist who diagnoses him with autism. The story then follows how the dysfunctional family, including Rebecca (who feels invisible), Eddie and Nicola (who are coping with their own relationship problems) and tactless grandad Maurice cope with Joe's situation and their own apparent social disorders.

text: Cast[edit]

text:
Actor
Character
Role
Episode

Max Vento
Joe Hughes
7 year-old boy who has autism
1–

Lee Ingleby
Paul Hughes
Joe's father
1–

Morven Christie
Alison Hughes
Joe's mother
1–

Molly Wright
Rebecca Hughes
Joe's 16-year-old half-sister
1–

Greg McHugh
Eddie Scott
Alison's brother
1–

Vinette Robinson
Nicola Daniels
Eddie's wife
1–

Christopher Eccleston
Maurice Scott
Joe's grandfather, Alison's and Eddie's father
1–

Pooky Quesnel
Louise Wilson
Maurice's music teacher and lover
1–

Matt Greenwood
Tom Clarke
Rebecca’s best friend
2–6, 9-

Thomas Gregory
Luke Taylor
Rebecca's ex-boyfriend
2–6

Daniel Cerqueira
Dr Graves
Insensitive family doctor
1–5, 7-

George Bukhari
Terry Norris
Worker at Paul and Alison's cafe
1–

Adam Wittek
David Nowak
Worker at the Scott's brewery
1–

Tommie Grabiec
Pavel Kaminski
Worker at the Scott's brewery
1–

Abby Ford
Sally
Worker at the Scott's brewery
4

Julia Krynke
Maya Petrenko
Joe's babysitter
2–5

Lisa Millett
Maggie White
Joe's speech therapist
3

Ralf Little
Stuart
Rebecca's biological father
5–6, 11

Jude Akuwudike
Vincent Daniels
Nicola's father
7-

Clare Holman
Grace Daniels
Nicola's mother
7-

Aaron Pierre
James Thorne
Rebecca's boyfriend
7-8

Lucy Gaskell
Sophie Berwick
Worker at Paul's Gastropub .
7-11

Travis Smith
Mark Berwick
Sophie's autistic teenage son.
7-

text: Production[edit]

text: Writer Peter Bowker was approached by Keshet who produced Yellow Peppers who wanted him to remake the Israeli series but with an original story line. Bowker drew on his own experiences and observations as a teacher and with his family to write The A Word.[3]

text: Filming took place from October 2015 at locations in the Lake District, including Keswick, Broughton-in-Furness, Coniston, Thirlmere Reservoir, and Birkrigg Cottage in the Newlands Valley, and at The Space Project studios in Manchester.[4][5][6][7]

text: Episodes[edit]

text: Series overview[edit]

text:
Series
Episodes
Originally aired
Average UK viewers
(millions)

First aired
Last aired

1
6
26 March 2016 (2016-03-26)
26 April 2016 (2016-04-26)
6.02

2
6
7 November 2017 (2017-11-07)
12 December 2017 (2017-12-12)
3.50

text: Series 1 (2016)[edit]

text:
No.
overall
No. in
series
Title
Directed by
Written by
Original air date
UK viewers
(millions) [8]

1
1
"Episode 1"
Peter Cattaneo
Peter Bowker
22 March 2016 (2016-03-22)
6.65

Alison and Paul continually make excuses for their five-year-old boy's uncooperative behaviour but will they listen to other family members who suspect something more serious? Meanwhile Nicola and Eddie move in next to Alison and Paul, hoping to make a new start in the Lakes, but will Eddie be able to forget Nicola's infidelity, especially as it has become public knowledge?

2
2
"Episode 2"
Peter Cattaneo
Peter Bowker
29 March 2016 (2016-03-29)
6.13

Alison pulls Joe out of school and emotionally blackmails the rest of the family into home schooling. She also became dismissive of alternative ideas from Paul putting a strain on their marriage. Nicola and Eddie's relationship is also put to the test when Alison asks Nicola to seek a second opinion from her former fling Michael. All the while Rebecca is left to fend for herself and the only one who seems to care is her Uncle Eddie.

3
3
"Episode 3"
Peter Cattaneo
Peter Bowker
5 April 2016 (2016-04-05)
5.94

Speech therapist Maggie arrives and manages to make some progress with Joe whilst telling the family some home truths. She avoids speaking about her school history with Alison and abruptly halts her visits, ignoring Alison's pleas for her to stay. Does Maggie have a grudge to bear? Meanwhile Maurice reconsiders Louise's proposal, Nicola settles into her new job while Eddie struggles with his and Rebecca is feeling more and more ignored by her mother.

4
4
"Episode 4"
Dominic Leclerc[9]
Peter Bowker
12 April 2016 (2016-04-12)
5.85

Alison observes Joe playing with two other children and invites them for a sleepover during which Joe falls ill. While recovering Joe demonstrates empathy for his mother while they look at photos of his late grandmother, misleading Alison to believe he's cured of autism. Luke is ignoring Rebecca and she turns to Eddie and Nicola while Maurice realises he too misses his late wife more than he thought and perhaps his friends-with-benefits relationship with his music teacher wasn't such a good idea. Meanwhile, is Paul carrying a torch for an old flame?

5
5
"Episode 5"
Dominic Leclerc
Peter Bowker
19 April 2016 (2016-04-19)
5.61

The police investigate Maya and discover she is an illegal immigrant. Despite Alison's desperate attempts to persuade family friend and police officer Bob to turn a blind eye, Maya is deported and Alison is worried for the effect it would have on Joe. Meanwhile Rebecca's relationship with Luke turns sour and Eddie's plans to move to Manchester are not popular with Nicola or Maurice.

6
6
"Episode 6"
Susan Tully[9]
Peter Bowker
26 April 2016 (2016-04-26)
5.94

After their fall out over differences of wanting more children Alison and Paul reconcile in time for the opening of their new restaurant. Maurice leaves Joe with Louise's son Ralph and Joe goes missing. As a mass search ensues, some uncomfortable truths are revealed.

text: Series 2 (2017)[edit]

text:
No.
overall
No. in
series
Title
Directed by
Written by
Original air date
UK viewers
(millions) [8]

7
1
"Episode 1"
Susan Tully
Peter Bowker
7 November 2017 (2017-11-07)
5.01

Alison and Paul worry over Joe when it becomes clear he is unhappy at school and he uses the word 'autistic' for the first time. Nicola and Eddie pretend to Nicola's parents that they are still together, but her parents have their own marital problems. Rebecca introduces the family to her new boyfriend James and Maurice gets the cold shoulder from Louise.

8
2
"Episode 2"
Susan Tully
Peter Bowker
14 November 2017 (2017-11-14)
4.35

Joe starts his first day at the Pear Tree school, and Maurice employs Ralph at the brewery, much against the protests of Louise.

9
3
"Episode 3"
Susan Tully
Peter Bowker
21 November 2017 (2017-11-21)
3.99

Paul takes Mark and Sophie to a gig. After the gig, he finds himself growing closer to Sophie. Meanwhile, Rebecca is heartbroken after James dumps her by text message. Alison meets Eddie's new girlfriend, Holly, who Alison thinks is almost exactly like Nicola. Maurice cares for Louise while she undergoes chemotherapy but she feels it is born out of his desire to "save" his late wife.

10
4
"Episode 4"
Luke Snellin
Peter Bowker
28 November 2017 (2017-11-28)
3.77

In an attempt to patch up their relationship, Rebecca arranges for Paul and Alison to spend the weekend at Eddie's flat in Manchester. Meanwhile, Maurice realises his feelings for Louise are stronger than he had previously thought.

11
5
"Episode 5"
Luke Snellin
Peter Bowker
5 December 2017 (2017-12-05)
3.86

Paul is angered when Nicola uses a video of Joe in a speech about autism, and reveals to Alison he is less accepting of Joe's autism than he previously let on. Holly dumps Eddie, and Maurice proposes to Louise.

12
6
"Episode 6"
Luke Snellin
Peter Bowker
12 December 2017 (2017-12-12)
N/A

Preparations begin for the end of year show at Joe's old primary school. Paul plans to leave Alison as he feels they are living "separate lives". Louise rejects Maurice's proposal and suggests they start a "clean slate". Maurice offers to step aside from the brewery and have Eddie run it without any interference. Eddie tells Nicola he is considering moving back home to run the brewery, but tells her that he only wants to be her "best friend" rather than her lover. During Joe's performance at the end of year show, he brings the family together on stage, but as he finishes, Maurice collapses. However, after examining Maurice, the hospital determines that whatever made him collapse, it wasn't something serious like a heart attack.

text: Broadcast and reception[edit]

text: BBC One began airing the first six-part series in a Tuesday 9 pm slot, replacing Happy Valley, starting from 22 March 2016. SundanceTV acquired rights for broadcasting the show in America, and it premiered there on 13 July 2016.[10]

text: Overnight figures revealed the first episode was watched by 4.7 million viewers and had a 23% share of the audience.[11] BARB later reported a consolidated figure of 5.91 million.[12] Reaction to the first episode was mostly positive among viewers. Many people have praised the show on social media, partly for the quality of the acting but also for the way it dealt with the subject of autism.[13]

text: Awards and nominations[edit]

text:
Year
Association
Category
Nominee(s)
Result

2017
Diversity in Media Awards
TV Programme of the Year
The A Word
Nominated

text: Home media[edit]

text: A DVD featuring all episodes from Series 1 was released on 19 September 2016, with a short behind-the-scenes documentary as an extra.


document_title: American Horror Story: Hotel

question_text: where is season 5 american horror story filmed

text: American Horror Story: Hotel

text: Plot[edit]

text: The fifth season of American Horror Story focuses on the Downtown Los Angeles Hotel Cortez which has been recently purchased by a New York fashion designer, Will Drake (Cheyenne Jackson). The 90 year old hotel is haunted by demons and mysterious ghosts including the founder, James Patrick March (Evan Peters); heroin junkie Sally (Sarah Paulson); and the strap-on-wielding Addiction Demon. Staff and residents of the hotel include the 111-year-old "vampire", Elizabeth/The Countess (Lady Gaga), and her longtime paramour, the former drug-addict Donovan (Matt Bomer), as well as Donovan's mother, the manager and front desk clerk Iris (Kathy Bates); the eccentric transgender bartender Liz Taylor (Denis O'Hare); and the Countess' vengeance-obsessed lover, Ramona Royale (Angela Bassett).

text: As the season unfolds, the information and backstory of each character is revealed. Elizabeth was married to James March and had an illegal abortion at the Murder House (of AHS Season One) back in 1926. Ramona was a Hollywood actress who had a romantic past with Elizabeth, before the latter killed Ramona's new boyfriend in a jealous rage. Liz was formerly known as Nick Pryor and lived in Topeka, Kansas up until 1984 when she was given a makeover and christened as Liz Taylor by Elizabeth. Sally, after supplying Donovan heroin, was shoved out a window by an angered Iris. Finally, James tortured and murdered many visitors to his hotel, which he built with a series of secret chutes and hallways used primarily for covertly disposing the bodies of his victims.

text: The present and past stories of the Hotel are interwoven with the present tale of Detective John Lowe (Wes Bentley), who is first drawn to the hotel by a series of murders committed by a serial killer the victims of whom each exemplify a sin in violation of one of the Ten Commandments, and his wife, Dr. Alex Lowe (Chloe Sevigny). As the season unfolds, it is revealed that certain past events — including the earlier disappearance of Lowe's young son Holden — are also entangled in the stories of the Countess and the Hotel Cortez.

text: Cast and characters[edit]

text: Main[edit]

text:
Kathy Bates as Iris
Sarah Paulson as Sally McKenna and Billie Dean Howard
Evan Peters as James Patrick March
Wes Bentley as Det. John Lowe
Matt Bomer as Donovan
Chloë Sevigny as Dr. Alex Lowe
Denis O'Hare as Liz Taylor
Cheyenne Jackson as Will Drake
Angela Bassett as Ramona Royale
Lady Gaga as Elizabeth Johnson / The Countess

text: Special guest stars[edit]

text:
Mare Winningham as Hazel Evers
Finn Wittrock as Tristan Duffy and Rudolph Valentino
Naomi Campbell as Claudia Bankson
Lily Rabe as Aileen Wuornos
Gabourey Sidibe as Queenie

text: Recurring[edit]

text:
Lennon Henry as Holden Lowe
Richard T. Jones as Det. Andrew Hahn
Shree Crooks as Scarlett Lowe
Lyric Lennon as Lachlan Drake
Jessica Belkin as Wren
Max Greenfield as Gabriel
Helena Mattsson as Agnetha
Kamilla Alnes as Vendela
Anton Lee Starkman as Max Ellison
Darren Criss as Justin

text: Guest stars[edit]

text:
Mädchen Amick as Mrs. Ellison
Christine Estabrook as Marcy
Alexandra Daddario as Natacha Rambova
Roxana Brusso as Dr. Kohan
David Naughton as Mr. Samuels
John Carroll Lynch as John Wayne Gacy
Seth Gabel as Jeffrey Dahmer
Anthony Ruivivar as Richard Ramirez
Nico Evers-Swindell as Craig
Robert Knepper as Lieutenant
Jessica Lu as Babe
Kristen Ariza as Mrs. Pritchard
Mouzam Makkar as Nurse Leena
Matt Ross as Dr. Charles Montgomery
Charles Melton as Mr. Wu
David Barrera as Dr. Kaplan

text: Episodes[edit]

text:
No.
overall
No. in
season
Title
Directed by
Written by
Original air date
Prod.
code
U.S. viewers
(millions)

52
1
"Checking In"
Ryan Murphy
Ryan Murphy & Brad Falchuk
October 7, 2015 (2015-10-07)
5ATS01
5.81[1]

Two female Swedish tourists check into the Hotel Cortez in downtown Los Angeles. They are attacked by a disfigured creature who was inside their room's mattress. Meanwhile, Detective John Lowe is investigating the torture-murder of a couple and goes to the Cortez for clues. He sees a vision there of his missing son Holden, who was abducted five years earlier. Heroin addict Gabriel checks in and is violently raped by the Addiction Demon. The resident couple, Countess Elizabeth and Donovan have a foursome with a couple they met, murdering them after and savoring their blood. In a 1994 flashback, it is revealed that the hotel manager Iris shoved Hypodermic Sally out a window to her death after Sally drugged Donovan to death. John arrives at the hotel and checks into Room 64.

53
2
"Chutes and Ladders"
Bradley Buecker
Tim Minear
October 14, 2015 (2015-10-14)
5ATS02
4.06[2]

Will Drake, a designer and the new owner of the Cortez, hosts a fashion show in the hotel, which model and actor Tristan Duffy, a drug addict and narcissist, stars in. Elizabeth turns Tristan into a vampire and the two engage in a relationship. Donovan becomes jealous, resulting in Elizabeth ending their relationship. Iris tells John about the hotel: The sadistic James Patrick March built the hotel in 1926 as a place for him to torture and murder people. Eventually, the police find him, so he and his loyal laundress Miss Evers commit suicide. Will's son Lachlan shows John's eight-year-old daughter Scarlett a room that contains coffins for Elizabeth's vampire children. Scarlett recognizes her brother, Holden, in one of the coffins and later takes a photo with him to prove to her parents that he is alive; however, Holden is blurry in the photo.

54
3
"Mommy"
Bradley Buecker
James Wong
October 21, 2015 (2015-10-21)
5ATS03
3.20[3]

Tristan meets March and promises to murder Will. Elizabeth stops Tristan from killing Will and reveals that she plans to marry the designer and murder him to gain his entire estate. Iris is rejected as a mother by Donovan who convinces her to kill herself. Donovan is kidnapped by Ramona Royale (Angela Bassett), an ex-lover of Elizabeth. Ramona aims to kill Elizabeth's children in revenge for her murdering Ramona's male lover. She releases Donovan when he reveals he and Elizabeth broke up. Iris decides to end her life by overdosing on heroin supplied to her by Sally. Donovan bursts in and turns her by feeding her his vampire blood to save her. John's doctor wife Alex (Chloë Sevigny) gives him divorce papers at the Cortez. There, she is shocked to see Holden, who greets her.

55
4
"Devil's Night"
Loni Peristere
Jennifer Salt
October 28, 2015 (2015-10-28)
5ATS04
3.04[4]

On Devil's Night (Oct. 30), serial killer Richard Ramirez checks in and goes on a murder spree. More serial killers check in, including Aileen Wuornos, who tries to kill John. The hotel's transgender bartender Liz Taylor informs John of March's annual Devil's Night dinner, where the spirits of the most notorious American serial killers, who had checked into the hotel prior to their death, come together to celebrate their crimes. John is introduced to Ramirez, John Wayne Gacy, Jeffrey Dahmer, and the masked Zodiac Killer. During the dinner, he witnesses the guests murdering a man for "dessert." Alex takes Holden home, but then Holden leads her to Elizabeth, who explains that she took Holden away to "save him". Elizabeth offers Alex the opportunity to become a vampire so she can spend eternity with her son and she agrees.

56
5
"Room Service"
Michael Goi
Ned Martel
November 4, 2015 (2015-11-04)
5ATS05
2.87[5]

Donovan and Ramona decide to get revenge on Elizabeth by making Iris their inside man. The newly-turned vampire Alex saves her dying kid patient Max by turning him, not knowing the consequences. Max feeds on his parents and starts a strain of virus at school, infecting his classmates, who then feed on the teachers. At the Cortez, John awakes in bed with Sally. She claims he practically dragged her into his room, where they had sex but John denies doing any of it. A pair of arrogant hipsters check in and provoke Iris to the point of tears. She receives comfort from Liz Taylor, who details how she came to be at the hotel. Iris brutally murders and feeds on the hipsters in a rage, feeling better after. Alex starts working as the vampire children's new governess under Elizabeth's rules.

57
6
"Room 33"
Loni Peristere
John J. Gray
November 11, 2015 (2015-11-11)
5ATS06
2.64[6]

In 1926 in the Murder House (from Season One), Dr. Charles Montgomery meets with Elizabeth to perform an abortion. During the process, the baby attacks Charles' nurse. He tells Elizabeth she had a boy. In present day, it is revealed that Elizabeth keeps him in Room 33. John discovers Alex in the coffin and faints. Realizing he is losing his sanity, he checks out and returns home. Donovan, Ramona and Iris plan to murder Elizabeth's vampire children but Donovan backs out. He meets Agnetha and Vendela, the two Swedish tourists, who are now ghosts unable to leave the hotel, and he explains to them that they must find their purpose. Tristan and Liz fall in love but worry about Elizabeth's reaction. They ask her if they can be together, but Elizabeth kills Tristan in retaliation.

58
7
"Flicker"
Michael Goi
Crystal Liu
November 18, 2015 (2015-11-18)
5ATS07
2.64[7]

In present day, two ghoulish figures are found in a barricaded corridor in Hotel Cortez. In 1925 Los Angeles, a young human Elizabeth gets into a relationship with actor Rudolph Valentino and his wife Natacha. He dies suddenly and Elizabeth heartbrokenly marries James March. Valentino later returns and explains he faked his death and is now a vampire. He changes Elizabeth, but a jealous March traps Valentino and his wife in the corridor, where they have been for years: they are the ghoulish figures who were found. John Lowe checks into a mental health hospital and meets a child named Wren, who was an accomplice to The Ten Commandments Killer. He and Wren escape and she reveals to him that the killer is at the Cortez. Wren then darts into traffic, not wanting to live forever anymore, and is run over.

59
8
"The Ten Commandments Killer"
Loni Peristere
Ryan Murphy
December 2, 2015 (2015-12-02)
5ATS08
2.31[8]

John heads to the Cortez, where Sally leads him to Room 64 and unveils a secret room that March had built. She reveals that John has been the murderer all along: he was repressing his memories of the murders, but believes he is doing them to correct the injustice he sees everywhere. Through flashbacks, it is shown that John had first visited the Cortez in 2010. He met March, who decided John was the perfect protege to continue his work. To get him to truly fall into darkness and stop holding back, March had Elizabeth kidnap Holden. Distraught, John's first murder is Martin Gamboa, a child molester. John almost kills himself after realizing what he has done, but March saves him.

60
9
"She Wants Revenge"
Michael Uppendahl
Brad Falchuk
December 9, 2015 (2015-12-09)
5ATS09
2.14[9]

Elizabeth reflects on her situation and realizes she only has space for those she can feel love for. She tracks down Valentino and Natacha and reunites with them. She plans to construct the Cortez as a shelter against the modern world for her and Valentino, but only once she murders Will and inherits his fortune. Alex tracks down the kids from the school massacre and finds the bodies of their parents. She attempts to bring them back to the Cortez but they refuse help. Donovan and Ramona enact their plan of vengeance but just as Ramona is about to stab Elizabeth, Donovan betrays her and traps her in the blocked hallway. Will marries Elizabeth in a private ceremony and immediately after, Elizabeth imprisons Will with Ramona and watches on a camera as Ramona slashes Will and drinks his blood.

61
10
"She Gets Revenge"
Bradley Buecker
James Wong
December 16, 2015 (2015-12-16)
5ATS10
1.85[10]

Elizabeth kills Natacha so she and Valentino can be together while Donovan kills Rudolph out of jealousy. John and Alex rekindle their relationship now that they have Holden back, and find the rogue vampire children turned because of Alex saving Max. They take the children back to the hotel and trick them into being sealed in with Ramona. Sally does not like that John and Alex are back together, feeling used because she'd been there for John when Alex wasn't. Miss Evers helps Liz reconnect with her son, Douglas, whom she has not seen for 31 years, and they invite him to come to the hotel. Douglas admits he wants his father in his life, regardless if she is a woman, changing Liz's decision about committing suicide with Iris. Instead, Liz and Iris team up to take over the hotel, starting with shooting up the penthouse with Donovan and Elizabeth inside.

62
11
"Battle Royale"
Michael Uppendahl
Ned Martel
January 6, 2016 (2016-01-06)
5ATS11
1.84[11]

Liz and Iris shoot Elizabeth and Donovan, and Elizabeth escapes while Donovan lies dying. At his request, Iris and Liz move him outside the hotel to die so his spirit will not be trapped inside forever. Sally saves Elizabeth, reviving her with blood from her vampire children, and reveals her past. Iris and Liz free Ramona to use as a weapon against Elizabeth. Ramona confronts a now-weak Elizabeth, but is seduced by her old lover. Elizabeth packs and is about to leave the hotel for good but she is gunned down by John as his final kill: "Thou Shalt Not Commit Murder." Now trapped in the hotel forever, Elizabeth's ghost arrives at March's suite, where he tells her that he can finally forgive Elizabeth for turning him in to the police; she reveals that she did not. Hazel admits she was the one who called the police so that she could have March to herself. March banishes Hazel from his presence, who feels oddly free now that she is not bound to him.

63
12
"Be Our Guest"
Bradley Buecker
John J. Gray
January 13, 2016 (2016-01-13)
5ATS12
2.24[12]

A year later, Liz reflects on the reinvention of the Hotel Cortez under her and Iris's new management. The two lament the problems that the murderous ghosts are leaving them with. Sally and Will don't want to stop killing the guests but March agrees that they need to stop until the Cortez becomes a historical landmark. Liz and Iris inspire Sally and Will to release their urges through other means. Liz discovers she is terminally ill and decides to die in the Hotel so she will be with the other ghosts and vampires, whom she considers her family. After becoming a ghost, Liz visited by Tristan, who stayed invisible while she was alive so that she could live her life. Psychic Billie Dean Howard begins investigating the Cortez with her TV show, making the residents worry. John takes Billie Dean to Devil's Night, where they threaten to kill her if she mentions the Cortez again. Elizabeth proceeds to seduce a man who looks like Donovan, finding a new lover in his image, implying she loved Donovan after all.

text: Production[edit]

text: Development[edit]

text: Conception and writing[edit]

text: On October 13, 2014, FX renewed the series for a fifth season for an October 2015 premiere.[13] Network president John Landgraf stated that the season would necessitate a "huge reinvention" for the series.[14] The season's subtitle was confirmed as Hotel in February 2015. The theme and Gaga's involvement were hinted in the previous installment as an image of a top hat, an arcane clue alluding to the 1935 screwball musical comedy film Top Hat, which is set in a hotel and features a song called "Cheek to Cheek", also the title of Gaga's duet album with Tony Bennett.[15] Co-creator Ryan Murphy explained that the casting included a number of actors and singers, but would be a much darker season compared to the previous ones. Inspiration came from old hotel horror films and actual hotels situated in downtown Los Angeles, with horrific reputations. This included The Cecil, where the death of 21-year-old Canadian student Elisa Lam occurred. Murphy had watched a surveillance video of Lam in the hotel, in which she displayed erratic behavior just hours prior to her supposed death.[16][17] It was around this time that the writing for Hotel was conceptualized,[18][19] which included Murphy's personal phobia and fears, a fear that had not been explored since the first season.[20]

text: The upcoming season that we're doing is much more horror-based; it's much more dark. It's about a theme and an idea that's very close to my heart that I've always wanted to do that's a little bloodier and grislier, I think, than anything that we've done before; it's straight horror this year. Murder House, I thought, was a very primal season because everybody's great fear is about the bogeyman under the bed in their house, and this feels similar to me in that when you check into a hotel, there are certain things beyond your control... Other people have the keys to your room; they can come in there. You're not exactly safe, it's a very unsettling idea.[18]

text: Murphy and some of the cast appeared at the 2015 Comic-Con International and revealed further information about the series. "[Angela Bassett, Kathy Bates, Matt Bomer, Sarah Paulson and Evan Peters] are bad boys and girls this time."[21] Regarding the season having no primary character, Murphy confessed that "the thing that's different about the season is that before we've always been very driven by the Jessica Lange character. She was always the lead character... This year, it's a true ensemble and I think we have more male parts and more male stories. The Wes Bentley part is really big, the Matt Bomer part is really big; Evan Peters and Finn Wittrock are really big. [But] that's not to say that the women aren't either."[20][22]

text: Co-creator Brad Falchuk explained that like the first and second season of the series, Hotel would explore the "trapped" horror trope, though the actions would not be limited to just within the premises. "This season, the horror is sneaking out of the hotel," he added explaining that the plot would revolve around the hotel in the center, with a more noir like ambience.[23] Named as Hotel Cortez, the titular structure was built by James March in 1930, who was created as a rich and charming but deeply psychotic character. The season features two tormentors, The Ten Commandments Killer, who is inspired by biblical teachings, and The Addiction Demon, who wields a drill bit dildo. They are in the vein of previous seasons' Bloody Face and Rubber Man, respectively.[24] The Halloween episode, "Devil's Night", features a dinner with "the biggest serial killers of all time", including Wuornos and John Wayne Gacy.[25]

text: Set design[edit]

text: The Hotel's two-story lobby set, along with a working elevator, was constructed over the course of seven weeks. While no particular hotel served as inspiration, production designer Mark Worthington was influenced by Timothy Pflueger and William Van Alen when selecting patterns and schemes, stating, "Tonally, I thought Art Deco would make sense for the horror genre because it can be dark and spiky and odd and the composition is strange. It's beautiful, but it isn't necessarily inviting." The hotel consists of labyrinthine structures housing March's murderous fantasies with dead ends, secret rooms and includes plot-lines corresponding to it. A painting of Hernán Cortés, after whom the establishment is named, hangs in the reception area. Worthington and his team had a hand in creating even the smallest of details; such as hotel insignias for the light fixtures, bar coasters, and a venus flytrap column carving that reflects the nature of Gaga's character. The staircase was structured in such a way as to not pull focus from the elevator, which will serve as prime location.[26] The exterior of the set was inspired by the James Oviatt Building in Downtown Los Angeles, while the interior decorations were modeled from the Cicada restaurant situated inside the Oviatt.[27]

text: Casting[edit]

text: In February 2015, it was announced that American singer Lady Gaga had joined the show.[29][30] Murphy stated she wanted her role in the series to be "evil". He also explained that Hotel would be devoid of any musical numbers. Instead Gaga's character, Elizabeth/The Countess, is a fashion icon and owner of the Hotel Cortez.[31][32] Created as a glamorous socialite character, The Countess maintains her beauty by imbibing human blood.[24] Murphy was so pleased with Gaga's performance that he invited her back for the yet-to-be-confirmed sixth season of the series, before Hotel had even made its debut.[33] In March 2015, series star Jessica Lange definitively announced that she would not be returning for the fifth season.[34][35] During PaleyFest 2015, it was announced that Matt Bomer and Cheyenne Jackson would co-star.[36] Afterwards, more castings were confirmed, including Sarah Paulson, Evan Peters, Kathy Bates, and Angela Bassett.[37] Murphy tweeted about the latter's involvement in Hotel, including a plotline with Gaga, as a character called Ramona Royale, an actress and former lover of The Countess returning to the titular hotel for revenge.[31][38] Chloë Sevigny, who was a recurring special guest in Asylum, returned to the series for Hotel, playing the wife of Wes Bentley's character, a detective.[31][39]

text: In May 2015, it was announced that Max Greenfield would also be joining the cast, in a role later revealed to be that of an addict. Greenfield had to dye his hair platinum blond for the role.[31][40] His is intertwined to that of Sally's (Paulson) and together with The Addiction Demon feature "the most disturbing scene" the show had ever produced, according to Murphy.[41] In an interview with Vanity Fair, Paulson described Sally as someone who is "selfish and greedy", with hygiene problems.[42] The next month, Murphy announced that Denis O'Hare would return as a cross-dressing bar worker in the hotel.[43] He also confirmed that Finn Wittrock would return in the new role of Tristan Duffy, a male model who is involved in a love triangle with Gaga and Bomer, and later a fated love of Liz's.[22][37] Wittrock explained that the character might have similarities to his previous Freak Show character, Dandy Mott.[44] In July 2015, Murphy stated that Coven alum Emma Roberts would return for a few episodes toward the finale, after completing filming on her Fox series, Scream Queens. Her character would be associated with James March (Peters).[45] While promoting Queens in September 2015, Roberts spoke about her role with less certainty, but optimism, stating, "...it's just everything you could dream of and more. Everything you could nightmare about and more. Granted, things over there are always changing, but I definitely want to go back to it. If it still stands, what Ryan told me, everyone's in for a great shock."[46] However, she later confirmed that she would be unable to return, due to her demanding feature schedule. Furthermore, she did state that Murphy and her had already discussed about a "devilish" role for her in the forthcoming season six.[47]

text: Later in July, Richard T. Jones joined the cast as Detective Hahn, a homicide detective,[48] for an eight-episode arc. That same day, Helena Mattsson announced that she had also joined the series in an unspecified role.[49] Series alum Lily Rabe portrayed infamous serial killer Aileen Wuornos during the Halloween installment and the finale.[31] With her appearance in the season, Rabe is one of three cast members to appear in all five seasons (along with Paulson and Peters) of the show.[50] Naomi Campbell was cast as a fashion editor who does not get along with Gaga's character.[51] In August 2015, Murphy revealed that Mädchen Amick joined the season as a "mother of a boy who becomes ill", and shares screen time with Alex Lowe (Sevigny). Later in the month, Darren Criss was announced to guest star as a hipster that has conflicts with Iris (Bates),[52] while Mare Winningham joined as the laundress of the Cortez, who works closely with Mr. March, in the 1920s.[53] Christine Estabrook returned to the series as Marcy; the realtor who sold the first season's Murder House to the Harmons.[54] Gabourey Sidibe appeared in the eleventh episode as her Coven persona Queenie. Paulson also reprised her first season role of psychic Billie Dean Howard, appearing in the final episode of the season.[55]

text: Filming[edit]

text: Principal photography for the season began on July 14, 2015, in Los Angeles, California, marking a return to where the series shot its first two cycles (Murder House and Asylum).[56] According to the Los Angeles Times, creative reasons, not economic factors, was the deciding key for moving the series from Louisiana back to Los Angeles since Hotel's story is connected to the city.[57] Murphy revealed a six-story hotel set was being built on the Fox lot. A dummy set of the hotel was built at Comic-Con, showing an Art Deco style building from the 1920s, inspired by the old Hollywood era.[58] Murphy announced at the TCA Summer Press Tour in August 2015 that he would be directing the season's Halloween episode, "Devil's Night", marking the first time in series history that he will helm more than the premiere. He stated he would direct it "because I love the script so much, when we finished it I said, 'I can't give this to anybody else'."[31] However, ultimately Murphy did not direct the episode. In an interview with Entertainment Tonight, Murphy spoke about Gaga's entrance scene, confirming it to be about six minutes long and describing it as "like a silent movie with no dialogue, and lots of blood and nudity".[59]

text: Greenfield recalled that Murphy wanted to push the limits of the scenes between him, Paulson and The Addiction Demon, while admitting that it was scary. Paulson described it as a normal day of shooting for her since she was accustomed to the theatrics surrounding the show. She added, "None of it's crazy to me. I walk in and I'm like 'Hello conical dildo demon person'. I don't even think twice."[41] For The Countess and Donovan, who both suffer from blood lust, Murphy was insistent on chainmail gloves being used as their weapons of choice. Costume designer Lou Eyrich created the custom gloves in the mold of armor, deriving inspiration from artist Daphne Guinness; "We wanted it to look both rock-n-roll but old at the same time. But then the nail that pops out with diamonds on the edge to slice you," said Eyrich.[60]

text: Filming also took place at the Los Angeles County Museum of Art, in front of Chris Burden's art installation called Urban Light, where Gaga was seen in a floor length pink gown shooting scenes. Media reported that the filming involved a party scene with Gaga walking through the installation while singer Dinah Washington's "Coquette" played in the background.[61][62] Entertainment Weekly's Tim Stack spent three days on set, where he witnessed the filming of a foursome/murder scene, involving Gaga and Bomer's characters. Murphy recounted Gaga's day of filming stating, "You write a foursome for her and you expect a lot of questions. She never did that. She showed up and she was wearing diamond pasties, a Band-Aid on her hoo-ha, heels, and a black veil that Alexander McQueen made for her on the day before his death."[63] Additional filming for the exterior shots of the Hotel Cortez took place outside the James Oviatt Building.[27][64] Other locations include the lower level of the Los Angeles Theatre at 615 South Broadway, The Majestic Downtown at 650 South Spring Street acting as John Lowe's office, the Loews Hollywood Hotel at 1755 Highland Avenue filming The Ten Commandments Killer murder scene, and Hollywood Forever Cemetery, where scenes with Gaga and Bomer were shot.[27] Also used was the house from the first season located at 1120 Westchester Place.[65]

text: O'Hare revealed that he had filmed three episodes by September 2015, with his scenes involving Bomer, Sevigny and Bates mostly. "We're kind of doing it piecemeal. You'll do five days on this one, three days on that one. You know, they always start out rocking. There's no warm-up. You're in it," the actor explained.[66][67] He later went on to compare the aesthetic to Murder House, stating, "It feels like season 1 in many ways... and I think it's because we're back in LA. You can't help it!" He also revealed that his character, Liz Taylor, would be wearing a dress that Lange was supposed to wear in Coven.[68] The actor explained that for his part, he had to shave his body including his head, and wear eye make-up, since the character was inspired by actress Elizabeth Taylor's films like BUtterfield 8 (1960) and Cleopatra (1963).[69]

text: Marketing[edit]

text: In February 2015, Gaga tweeted a link to the first promotional video for the upcoming season with the caption "Make your reservation now. #GagaAHSHotel" announcing her presence in the season and the official title.[70] In July 2015, a promotional trading card was unveiled by Entertainment Weekly, available at Comic-Con, where after entering the hotel set built there, one could receive the trading card with a promotional key.[58][71] The first official teaser for the season was released later that month, showing Gaga's long-nailed hand ringing the bell at the front desk.[72] In August 2015, FX revealed the premiere date of the season along with a new teaser poster, showing an Art Deco peephole on a wooden door, beyond which an obscure image revealed a blond woman putting a body to bed.[73] Later that month, Entertainment Weekly exclusively unveiled two teaser trailers of the season, entitled "Beauty Rest" and "Do Not Disturb", set to singer Heidi Feek's cover of Elvis Presley's 1956 single, "Heartbreak Hotel".[74]

text: On August 26, Entertainment Weekly revealed exclusive cast photos, along with character descriptions.[75] Gaga also took to her Twitter account to release another photo, showing her as The Countess with three cherubic blond boys, who are seemingly sucking on bottles of blood. The singer captioned the image: "We are family. Meet my magical children. HOTEL #AHS."[76] Murphy released three new teasers through his Twitter account, titled "Towhead", "Sleepwalk", and "Jeepers Peepers", all set to "Heartbreak Hotel".[77] Jef Rouner from Houston Press complimented the teasers, describing them as "things of fleeting, awful beauty. So far I've seen six for this season and at least one of them is creepier than every episode of Coven combined... Each one of these is usually less than 15 seconds long and they are murderously effective. I find myself wanting to watch the show again."[78] On September 10, 2015, an extended teaser was released, featuring a psychedelic tour of the hotel, with cameos by most of the cast.[79] Few days later, two more trailers were released, one showed the hand of an addict, with a keyhole in place of the needle point, while the other, titled "Above & Below", portrays Gaga as The Countess, with several psychedelic intercuts inside a hotel, featuring Rammstein's "Du hast".[80][81]

text: American retail chain Hot Topic announced on their Instagram account that starting September 28, 2015, they will launch a clothing and apparel line based on Hotel, that will be sold in-store and online.[82] On September 16, 2015, a featurette was released, giving more details about the season and showing some footage.[83] An actual scene from the season, released in October 2015, showed Bentley's character resting in the Hotel, while Greenfield's character hiding underneath his bed.[84] Same day the title sequence of the season was released by Murphy, consisting of the same soundtrack like previous seasons, intercut with scenes of a dirty hotel and the Ten Commandments written across a wall.[69] Jacob Bryant from Variety was impressed with the clip, saying that "The opening credits for [American Horror Story] have always managed to be unsettling, but season five's creepy credits might top the list."[85]

text: Reception[edit]

text: Critical response[edit]

text: American Horror Story: Hotel initially received mixed reviews from critics, but, as the season progressed, the reviews became more positive. The review aggregator Rotten Tomatoes gave the season a 63% approval rating (average episode score of 75%) with an average rating of 6.38/10 based on 43 reviews. The site's consensus reads, "Favoring garish style over effective storytelling, the fifth American Horror Story strands a talented cast at Ryan Murphy's Hotel."[86] On Metacritic, the season was given a score of 60 out of 100 based on 24 reviews, indicating "mixed or average reviews".[87]

text: Dan Fienberg of The Hollywood Reporter gave a positive review, writing, "Early on, Hotel hasn't hooked me with its storytelling, but it's always fun to see what the series does with its repertory acting company and with new additions. Throw in the normal grotesquerie and visual panache and that should keep me going for a while, even if all of the humor appears to have been funneled into Scream Queens."[88] Amber Dowling of TheWrap also gave a positive review, saying, "It's a visual, visceral romp into what is being set up to be another haphazard foray into the world of horror, as imagined by Murphy and his writing counterpart Brad Falchuk. The show has rarely made sense in terms of story, and this is no exception."[89] Willa Paskin of Slate called this season a "promising new start", saying, "AHS: Hotel more obviously resembles the first two, better seasons of American Horror Story than it does the latter, lesser two."[90]

text: On the other hand, Matt Zoller Seitz of New York Magazine found the season "confusing, tedious, annoyingly precious, and often ostentatiously brutal", but also praised it for being "darkly beautiful, deeply weird, and (sometimes) exhilarating."[91] Although Scott D. Pierce from The Salt Lake Tribune praised the production design and the cinematography, he said "the storytelling is derivative; the scares are non-existent; and it's all about style without much substance."[92] Mike Hale from The New York Times complained that it "suffers from the absence of Jessica Lange".[93] IGN's Matt Fowler gave a rating of 5.9 out of 10, criticizing the season as "mediocre" and concluding "all weight and meaning is gone".[94]

text: Gaga's performance has received mixed reviews from critics. Matt Zoller Seitz of Vulture called Gaga "terrible here in the way that Madonna was terrible in a lot of her '90s films, at once too poised and too blank."[95] David Weiland of San Francisco Chronicle said Gaga "makes an enormous visual impact, but the minute she opens her mouth to deliver a line, it's obvious that acting just isn't one of her many talents."[96] Ben Travers of Indiewire wrote that he "wouldn't go so far as to say Gaga's talent adds much to the proceedings, but her presence — and the manner in which its captured — certainly does."[97] On the other hand, Emily L. Stephens from The A.V. Club and Jeff Jensen of Entertainment Weekly both gave a B- rating. Stephens praised Gaga's first appearance as "slickly exploitative and hellishly effective"[98] while Jensen described her as "the show's most potent symbol for all of its themes about our Bad Romance with fame, fortune, sex, sex, and more sex, materialism and consumerism, the denial of death and the corrupt want for cultural immortality".[99] Brian Lowry of Variety praised the look of Gaga's character as "gloriously photographed" and felt her addition to the show was "extraordinarily well-timed".[100]

text:
American Horror Story (season 5): Critical reception by episode

Season 5 (2015–16): Percentage of positive reviews tracked by the website Rotten Tomatoes[101]

text: Awards and nominations[edit]

text: In its fifth season, the series has been nominated for 64 awards, 20 of which were won.

text:
Year
Association
Category
Nominee(s)
Result

2015
MTV Fandom Awards[102]
Feels Freakout of the Year
Lady Gaga joins American Horror Story: Hotel
Nominated

2016
20th ADG Awards[103]
TV Movie or Limited Series
Mark Worthington (for "Checking In")
Won

Short Format — Web Series, Music Video or Commercial
Zach Mathews (for "Hallways")
Nominated

47th NAACP Image Awards[104]
Outstanding Actress in a TV Movie, Mini-Series or Dramatic Special
Angela Bassett
Nominated

42nd People's Choice Awards[105]
Favorite Cable Sci-Fi/Fantasy TV Show
American Horror Story: Hotel
Nominated

Favorite Sci-Fi/Fantasy TV Actress
Lady Gaga
Nominated

20th Satellite Awards[106]
Best Actress – TV Series Drama
Nominated

Best TV Series – Genre
American Horror Story: Hotel
Nominated

68th WGA Awards[107]
Long Form - Original
Brad Falchuk, John J. Gray, Todd Kubrak, Crystal Liu, Ned Martel, Tim Minear, Ryan Murphy, Jennifer Salt, James Wong
Nominated

73rd Golden Globe Awards[108]
Best Actress – Mini-Series or TV Film
Lady Gaga
Won

Best Mini-Series or TV Film
American Horror Story: Hotel
Nominated

6th Critics' Choice TV Awards[109]
Best Actor in a Movie or Limited Series
Wes Bentley
Nominated

Best Actress in a Movie or Limited Series
Kathy Bates
Nominated

Best Supporting Actress in a Movie or Limited Series
Sarah Paulson
Nominated

27th PGA Awards[110]
Outstanding Producer of Long-Form TV
Brad Falchuk, Ryan Murphy, Brad Buecker, Tim Minear, Jennifer Salt, James Wong, Alexis Martin Woodall, Robert M. Williams Jr.
Nominated

18th CDG Awards[111]
Outstanding Contemporary TV Series
Lou Eyrich
Won

52nd CAS Awards[112]
TV Movie or Mini-Series
Brendan Beebe, CAS (Production Mixer)
Joe Earle, CAS (Re-recording Mixer)
Vicki Lemar (Re-recording Mixer)
(for "Room Service")
Nominated

Brendan Beebe, CAS (Production Mixer)
Joe Earle, CAS (Re-recording Mixer)
Doug Andham, CAS (Re-recording Mixer)
Judah Getz (ADR Mixer)
John Guentner (Foley Mixer)
(for "Checking In")
Nominated

Make-Up Artists & Hair Stylists Guild Awards 2016[113]
Mini-Series or TV Movie Period and/or Character Make-up
Eryn Krueger Mekash, Kim Ayers, Sarah Tanno
Won

Mini-Series or TV Movie Period and/or Character Hair Styling
Monte C Haught, Darlene Brumfield, Frederic Asperas
Won

Mini-Series or TV Movie Period Special Make-up Effects
Eryn Krueger Mekash, Michael Mekash, David Anderson
Won

Commercials and Music Videos – Best Make-up
Kerry Herta, Jason Collins
Won

Commercials and Music Videos – Best Hair Styling
Nicole Alkire, Marissa Smith
Won

Fangoria Chainsaw Awards 2016[114]
Best TV Actress
Lady Gaga
Nominated

Best TV Supporting Actor
Evan Peters
2nd place

Denis O'Hare
Write-in

Best TV Supporting Actress
Kathy Bates
Write-in

Best TV Makeup/Creature FX
Eryn Krueger Mekash, David LeRoy Anderson
3rd place

Best TV Series
American Horror Story: Hotel
Write-in

7th Dorian Awards[115]
Campy TV Show of the Year
Nominated

42nd Saturn Awards[116]
Best Horror TV Series
Nominated

68th Primetime Emmy Awards[117]
Outstanding Supporting Actress in a Limited Series or Movie
Sarah Paulson
Nominated

Outstanding Supporting Actress in a Limited Series or Movie
Kathy Bates
Nominated

68th Primetime Creative Arts Emmy Awards[117]
Outstanding Production Design for a Narrative Contemporary or Fantasy Program (One Hour or More)
Mark Worthington, Denise Hudson, Ellen Brill
Nominated

Outstanding Costumes for a Contemporary Series, Limited Series or Movie
Lou Eyrich, Helen Huang, Marisa Aboitiz
(for "Chutes and Ladders")
Won

Outstanding Hairstyling for a Limited Series Or a Movie
Monte C. Haught, Fredric Aspiras, Darlene Brumfield, Kelly Muldoon, Gina Bonacquisti
Nominated

Outstanding Sound Editing for a Limited Series, Movie or Special
Gary Megregian, Steve M. Stuhr, Jason Krane, Timothy A. Cleveland, Paul Diller, David Klotz, Noel Vought, Ginger Geary
(for "Checking In")
Nominated

Outstanding Makeup for a Limited Series or Movie (Non-Prosthetic)
Eryn Krueger Mekash, Kim Ayers, Michael Mekash, Silvina Knight, Sarah Tanno
Won

Outstanding Prosthetic Makeup for a Series, Limited Series, Movie or Special
Eryn Krueger Mekash, Mike Mekash, Bradley A. Palmer, Bart Mixon, James MacKinnon, Kevin Kirkpatrick, David Leroy Anderson, Glen Eisner
Nominated

20th OFTA Television Awards[118]
Best Actress in a Motion Picture or Limited Series
Lady Gaga
Nominated

Best Supporting Actress in a Motion Picture or Limited Series
Kathy Bates
Nominated

Sarah Paulson
Nominated

Best Limited Series
American Horror Story: Hotel
Nominated

Best Ensemble in a Motion Picture or Limited Series
Nominated

Best Direction of a Motion Picture or Limited Series
Nominated

Best Writing of a Motion Picture or Limited Series
Nominated

Best Music in a Non-Series
Nominated

Best Editing in a Non-Series
Won

Best Cinematography in a Non-Series
Nominated

Best Production Design in a Non-Series
Won

Best Costume Design in a Non-Series
Won

Best Makeup/Hairstyling in a Non-Series
Won

Best Sound in a Non-Series
Won

Best Visual Effects in a Non-Series
Won

Poppy Awards 2016[119]
Best Limited Series/Movie
Won

Best Lead Actress, Limited Series/Movie
Lady Gaga
Won

Best Supporting Actor, Limited Series/Movie
Denis O'Hare
Won

63rd MPSE Golden Reel Awards[120][121]
TV Short Form – Dialogue / ADR
Gary Megregian (Supervising Sound Editor)
Steve Stuhr (Supervising Dialogue Editor)
Jason Krane (Dialogue Editor)
(for "Checking In")
Nominated

TV Short Form – Music
David Klotz (Supervising Music Editor)
(for "Checking In")
Nominated

Gold Derby TV Awards 2016[122]
Best Movie/Miniseries Supporting Actor
Denis O'Hare
Nominated

Best Movie/Miniseries Supporting Actress
Sarah Paulson
Nominated

38th Jupiter Awards[123]
Best International TV Series
American Horror Story: Hotel
Won

16th Black Reel Awards[124][125]
Outstanding Supporting Actress, TV Movie or Limited Series
Angela Bassett
Nominated

37th Young Artist Awards[126]
Best Performance in a TV Series - Recurring Young Actor (13 and Under)
Thomas Barbusca
Nominated

text: Ratings[edit]

text: Hotel's premiere episode, "Checking In", was initially watched by 5.81 million viewers. After factoring in delayed viewing, the episode rose to 9.1 million, with 6.13 million in the 18-49 demographic, while combined linear, nonlinear and encore viewing, it drew 12.17 million viewers through October 11. Variety stated that "Checking In" could become FX's most-watched telecast, with the 60 full data tabulated.[127] Through its first four episodes, Hotel averaged at 3.7 rating in 18-49 adult zone and 6.9 million viewers total, which is up by 7% and 1% from previous installment, Freak Show, respectively, pacing ahead of the average ratings of all prior installments on a Live +3 basis.[128] The season finale, "Be Our Guest", initially watched by 2.24 million viewers, more than doubled its 18-49 rating with three days of delayed viewing, going from 1.1 million to 2.3 million, an 109% of increase. The episode increased 94% in total viewers, upping to 4.3 million.[129]

text:
Season
Ep. 1
Ep. 2
Ep. 3
Ep. 4
Ep. 5
Ep. 6
Ep. 7
Ep. 8
Ep. 9
Ep. 10
Ep. 11
Ep. 12
Ep. 13

Murder House
3.18
2.46
2.59
2.96
2.74
2.83
3.06
2.81
2.85
2.54
2.59
3.22
N/A

Asylum
3.85
3.06
2.47
2.65
2.78
1.89
2.27
2.36
2.22
2.21
2.51
2.30
2.29

Coven
5.54
4.51
3.78
3.71
3.80
4.16
4.00
4.07
3.94
3.49
3.46
3.35
4.24

Freak Show
6.13
4.53
4.44
4.51
4.22
3.65
3.91
3.30
3.07
2.99
3.11
2.94
3.27

Hotel
5.81
4.06
3.20
3.04
2.87
2.64
2.64
2.31
2.14
1.85
1.84
2.24
N/A

Roanoke
5.14
3.27
3.08
2.83
2.82
2.48
2.62
2.20
2.43
2.45
N/A

Cult
3.93
2.38
2.25
2.13
2.20
2.15
2.07
2.06
1.48
1.82
1.97
N/A