document_title: Georgia General Assembly

question_text: the upper house of the georgia general assembly it consists of 56 elected officials

text: Georgia General Assembly

text: History[edit]

text: The General Assembly, which is the legislative branch of the state's government, was created in 1777 during the American Revolution—it is older than the United States Congress. During its existence the Assembly has moved four different times when the state capital changed its location. The first location the Assembly served in was Savannah, then Augusta and Louisville, moving from there to Milledgeville, and finally to Atlanta in 1868.[5]

text: The General Assembly in Savannah[edit]

text: By January 1777 Savannah had become the capital of Georgia—when the former colony declared independence from Britain. The legislature, then a unicameral body, met there in 1777–1778—retreating to Augusta when the British captured the city. They were not in Augusta long before it was captured by the British in 1779. Augusta changed hands three times during the war, finally returning to American possession in July 1781. They stayed in Augusta until the British left Savannah in May 1782 and the legislature returned to the capital.[5]

text: Move to Augusta[edit]

text: Between 1783–95, the Georgia General Assembly met in both Savannah and Augusta—moving from there when tensions arose between the two cities, causing then Governor Lyman Hall to officially reside in both places. On February 22, 1785 the General Assembly held its last meeting in Savannah—Augusta had become the official capital due to pressure from the general populace to have their capital in the center of the state.[5]

text: On to Louisville[edit]

text: As the population dispersed—shifting the geographic center, it was determined that the state's capital needed to move as well. A commission was appointed by the legislature in 1786 to find a suitable location that was central to the new demography. The commission recommended Louisville, which would become Georgia's first planned capital and would hold her first capitol building. Due to the fact that the capital would have to be built from the ground up, and because of numerous construction delays, it took a decade to build the city. The name Louisville was chosen by the General Assembly in honor of King Louis XVI of France for France's aid during the Revolutionary War.

text: The new state house, a two-story 18th century Gregorian building of red brick, was completed in 1796. The Legislature designated Louisville the "permanent seat" of Georgia's government. Yet, further western expansion created the need for another new state capital. The capitol building was purchased by Jefferson County and used as a courthouse, but the building had to be torn down because it became unsound. A plaque marks the location of the old Capitol.[5]

text: The Assembly arrives in Milledgeville[edit]

text:
Ordinance of Secession

Facsimile of the 1861 Ordinance of Secession signed by 293 delegates to the Georgia Secession Convention at the statehouse in Milledgeville, Georgia January 21, 1861.

text: In 1804, the state government decided that yet another capital, would be needed. Subsequently, an act was passed authorizing construction of a new capital city on 3,240 acres (13 km2) in the area currently known as Baldwin County. The city was named Milledgeville in honor of Governor John Milledge.

text: The new Capitol took two years to complete and was a brick construction in the Gothic Revival style. The legislature convened The Georgia Secession Convention of 1861 in the Milledgeville statehouse on January 16, 1861. On January 19, delegates voted for Georgia to secede from the Union—208 in favor with 89 against—drafting a new constitution, and declaring the state an independent Republic.

text: On January 21, Assembly delegates celebrated their decision by a public signing of the Ordinance of Secession outside of the State Capitol. The legislature also voted to send $100,000 to South Carolina for "the relief of Charlestonians" who suffered a disastrous fire in December 1861. With General Sherman's approach, the members of the General Assembly adjourned in fall 1864, reconvening briefly in Macon in 1865. As the American Civil War came to a close with the federal government in military control of Georgia, the legislature reconvened at the Capitol in Milledgeville.[5]

text: Atlanta[edit]

text: In 1867, Major General John Pope, military governor of Georgia, called for an assembly in Atlanta to hold a constitutional convention. At that time Atlanta officials moved once again to have the city designated as Georgia's state capital, donating the property where Atlanta's first city hall was constructed. The constitutional convention agreed and the people voted to ratify the decision on April 20, 1868. The Georgia General Assembly first convened in Atlanta on July 4, 1868.

text: In 1884, the legislature appropriated one million dollars to build a new State Capitol. Construction began October 26, 1884 and the building was completed (slightly under budget) and occupied on June 15, 1889.[5]

text: Notably, the dome atop the capitol building is plated with real gold, most of which came from the Dahlonega, Georgia area.[6] The roofing gives rise to local colloquialisms—for instance, if one knowledgeable Georgian wanted to ask another what the General Assembly was doing, he might ask what was happening "under the gold dome."[7]

text: Organization and procedure of the General Assembly[edit]

text: The General Assembly meets in regular session on the second Monday in January for no longer than 40 legislative (rather than calendar) days each year. Neither the House nor the Senate can adjourn during a regular session for longer than three days or meet in any place other than the state capitol without the other house's consent.

text: Committees[edit]

text: Rules of procedure, employees and interim committees[edit]

text: Both houses of the General Assembly may determine procedural rules provide for its employees. The General Assembly as a whole, or each house separately, has the ability to create interim committees.

text: Oath of office[edit]

text: Before taking office senators and representatives must swear (or affirm) an oath—stipulated by state law.

text: Quorum[edit]

text: A majority of the members to which each house is entitled shall constitute a quorum to transact business. A smaller number may adjourn from day to day and compel the presence of its absent members.

text: Vacancies[edit]

text: Whenever a vacancy occurs in the General Assembly, an event that occurs whenever a member dies, resigns, or moves from the district from which he was elected, it is filled according to Georgia law and the Constitution.[8] If the vacancy occurs anytime prior to the end of the legislative session in the second year of a term, the governor must issue a writ of special election within ten days of the vacancy occurring, and, if the vacancy occurs after the end of the legislative session in the second year of a term, then the governor may choose to issue a writ of special election. But, if the vacancy exists at the time that an extraordinary session is called, then the governor must issue a writ of special election within 2 days after the call for the extraordinary session, and, if the vacancy occurs after the call but before the special session has concluded, then the governor must issue a writ of special election within 5 days of the occurrence. In each case, the writ of special election must designate a day on which the election will be held, which must be no less than 30 days and no more than 60 days after the governor issues the writ.[9]

text: Salaries[edit]

text: Members of the General Assembly receive salaries provided by law, so long as that salary does not increase before the end of the term during which the increase becomes effective. Members of the Georgia General Assembly currently earn $17,000 a year.[10]

text: Election and returns; disorderly conduct[edit]

text: Both houses hold the responsibility of judging the election, returns, and qualifications of their members. Also, both houses have the power to punish members for disorderly misconduct. Punishments for such conduct are:

text:
censure
fine
imprisonment
expulsion

text: However, no member can be expelled without a vote of two-thirds of the members of the house the member belongs to.

text: Contempt[edit]

text: When a person is guilty of contempt, the individual may be imprisoned if ordered by either the House or the Senate.

text: Elections by either house[edit]

text: All elections of the General Assembly are to be recorded. The recorded vote then appears in the journal of each house.

text: Open meetings[edit]

text: Sessions of the General Assembly, including committee meetings, are open to the public except when either house makes an exception.

text: Legislative history[edit]

text: The General Assembly does not publish reports and does not keep bill files. Major legislation is discussed in detail in the Peach Sheets,[11] a student-written part of Georgia State University College of Law's Law Review. Recent Peach Sheet articles are available in an online archive. Otherwise, Peach Sheets articles should be included in the Georgia State Law Review databases on Lexis, Westlaw and HeinOnline.[12]

text: Composition[edit]

text: The Georgia General Assembly began as a unicameral body in 1777 but changed to a bicameral legislature in 1789. It is now made up of a Senate (the upper house) and a House of Representatives (the lower house). The Senate has 56 members while the House of Representatives has 180. Members from each body serve for two years, but have no limit to the number of times they can be re-elected. Both senators and representatives are elected from their constituents' districts.

text:
Terms of the Georgia General Assembly

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v
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text: Qualifications for election[edit]

text: The Georgia Constitution stipulates that members of the Senate must be citizens of the United States, at least 25 years old, a citizen of the state of Georgia for at least two years, and a legal resident of the district the senator was elected for at least one year. Members of the House of Representatives must be citizens of the United States, at least 21 years old, a Georgia citizen for at least two years, and a legal resident of district the representative was elected for at least one year.

text: Disqualifications[edit]

text: According to the Georgia Constitution Article III Section II Paragraph IV:[13]

text:
No person on active duty with any branch of the armed forces of the United States shall have a seat in either house unless otherwise provided by law.
No person holding any civil appointment or office having any emolument annexed thereto under the United States, this state, or any other state shall have a seat in either house.
No Senator or Representative shall be elected by the General Assembly or appointed by the Governor to any office or appointment having any emolument annexed thereto during the time for which such person shall have been elected unless the Senator or Representative shall first resign the seat to which elected; provided, however, that, during the term for which elected, no Senator or Representative shall be appointed to any civil office which has been created during such term.

text: Officers[edit]

text: The presiding officer of the Senate is the President of the Senate or Lieutenant Governor. Like the United States Senate, a President Pro Tempore is elected by the Senate from among its members. The President Pro Tempore acts as President in case of the temporary disability of the President. In case of the death, resignation, or permanent disability of the President or in the event of the succession of the President to the executive power, the President Pro Tempore becomes President. The Senate also has as an officer the Secretary of the Senate.

text: The House of Representatives elects its own Speaker and a Speaker Pro Tempore. The Speaker Pro Tempore becomes Speaker in case of the death, resignation, or permanent disability of the Speaker. The Speaker Pro Tempore serves until a new Speaker is elected. The House also has as an officer the Clerk of the House of Representatives.

text: Powers and privileges[edit]

text: Article III Section VI of the Georgia State Constitution specifies the powers given to the Georgia General Assembly.[13] Paragraph I states, "The General Assembly shall have the power to make all laws not inconsistent with this Constitution, and not repugnant to the Constitution of the United States, which it shall deem necessary and proper for the welfare of the state." Moreover, the powers the Constitution gives the Assembly include land use restrictions to protect and preserve the environment and natural resources; the creation, use and disciplining through court martial of a state militia which would be under the command of the Governor of Georgia acting as commander-in-chief (excepting times when the militia is under Federal command); The power to expend public money, to condemn property, and to zone property; The continuity of state and local governments during times of emergency; state participation in tourism. The use, control and regulation of outdoor advertising within the state.

text: Limitation of powers[edit]

text: Paragraph V of Article III Section VI states that:

text:
The General Assembly shall not have the power to grant incorporation to private persons but shall provide by general law the manner in which private corporate powers and privileges may be granted.
The General Assembly shall not forgive the forfeiture of the charter of any corporation existing on August 13, 1945, nor shall it grant any benefit to or permit any amendment to the charter of any corporation except upon the condition that the acceptance thereof shall operate as a novation of the charter and that such corporation shall thereafter hold its charter subject to the provisions of this Constitution.
The General Assembly shall not have the power to authorize any contract or agreement which may have the effect of or which is intended to have the effect of defeating or lessening competition, or encouraging a monopoly, which are hereby declared to be unlawful and void.
The General Assembly shall not have the power to regulate or fix charges of public utilities owned or operated by any county or municipality of this state, except as authorized by this Constitution.
No municipal or county authority which is authorized to construct, improve, or maintain any road or street on behalf of, pursuant to a contract with, or through the use of taxes or other revenues of a county or municipal corporation shall be created by any local Act or pursuant to any general Act nor shall any law specifically relating to any such authority be amended unless the creation of such authority or the amendment of such law is conditioned upon the approval of a majority of the qualified voters of the county or municipal corporation affected voting in a referendum thereon. This subparagraph shall not apply to or affect any state authority.

text: Privileges of members[edit]

text: Members of the Georgia General Assembly maintain two important privileges during their time in office. First, no member of either house of the Assembly can be arrested during sessions of the General Assembly or during committee meetings except in cases of treason, felony, or "breach of the peace". Also, members are not liable for anything they might say in either the House or the Senate or in any committee meetings of both.


document_title: Freedom of speech

question_text: where does the phrase freedom of speech come from

root

text: Freedom of speech

text: Origins of freedom of speech and expression[edit]

text: Freedom of speech and expression has a long history that predates modern international human rights instruments.[8] It is thought that ancient Athenian democratic principle of free speech may have emerged in the late 6th or early 5th century BC.[9] The values of the Roman Republic included freedom of speech and freedom of religion.[10]

tag: p

text: Concepts of freedom of speech can be found in early human rights documents.[8] England's Bill of Rights 1689 legally established the constitutional right of 'freedom of speech in Parliament' which is still in effect.[11] The Declaration of the Rights of Man and of the Citizen, adopted during the French Revolution in 1789, specifically affirmed freedom of speech as an inalienable right.[8] The Declaration provides for freedom of expression in Article 11, which states that:

text: The free communication of ideas and opinions is one of the most precious of the rights of man. Every citizen may, accordingly, speak, write, and print with freedom, but shall be responsible for such abuses of this freedom as shall be defined by law.[12]

text: Article 19 of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights, adopted in 1948, states that:

text: Everyone has the right to freedom of opinion and expression; this right includes freedom to hold opinions without interference and to seek, receive and impart information and ideas through any media and regardless of frontiers.[13]

text: Today, freedom of speech, or the freedom of expression, is recognized in international and regional human rights law. The right is enshrined in Article 19 of the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights, Article 10 of the European Convention on Human Rights, Article 13 of the American Convention on Human Rights and Article 9 of the African Charter on Human and Peoples' Rights.[14] Based on John Milton's arguments, freedom of speech is understood as a multi-faceted right that includes not only the right to express, or disseminate, information and ideas, but three further distinct aspects:

text:
the right to seek information and ideas;
the right to receive information and ideas;
the right to impart information and ideas

tag: ol

text: International, regional and national standards also recognize that freedom of speech, as the freedom of expression, includes any medium, be it orally, in written, in print, through the Internet or through art forms. This means that the protection of freedom of speech as a right includes not only the content, but also the means of expression.[14]

text: Relationship to other rights[edit]

text: The right to freedom of speech and expression is closely related to other rights, and may be limited when conflicting with other rights (see limitations on freedom of speech).[14] The right to freedom of expression is also related to the right to a fair trial and court proceeding which may limit access to the search for information, or determine the opportunity and means in which freedom of expression is manifested within court proceedings.[15] As a general principle freedom of expression may not limit the right to privacy, as well as the honor and reputation of others. However greater latitude is given when criticism of public figures is involved.[15]

text: The right to freedom of expression is particularly important for media, which plays a special role as the bearer of the general right to freedom of expression for all.[14] However, freedom of the press does not necessarily enable freedom of speech. Judith Lichtenberg has outlined conditions in which freedom of the press may constrain freedom of speech, for example where the media suppresses information or stifles the diversity of voices inherent in freedom of speech. Lichtenberg argues that freedom of the press is simply a form of property right summed up by the principle "no money, no voice".[16]

text: Democracy and social interaction[edit]

text: Freedom of speech is understood to be fundamental in a democracy. The norms on limiting freedom of expression mean that public debate may not be completely suppressed even in times of emergency.[15] One of the most notable proponents of the link between freedom of speech and democracy is Alexander Meiklejohn. He argues that the concept of democracy is that of self-government by the people. For such a system to work an informed electorate is necessary. In order to be appropriately knowledgeable, there must be no constraints on the free flow of information and ideas. According to Meiklejohn, democracy will not be true to its essential ideal if those in power are able to manipulate the electorate by withholding information and stifling criticism. Meiklejohn acknowledges that the desire to manipulate opinion can stem from the motive of seeking to benefit society. However, he argues, choosing manipulation negates, in its means, the democratic ideal.[17]

text: Eric Barendt has called this defense of free speech on the grounds of democracy "probably the most attractive and certainly the most fashionable free speech theory in modern Western democracies".[18] Thomas I. Emerson expanded on this defense when he argued that freedom of speech helps to provide a balance between stability and change. Freedom of speech acts as a "safety valve" to let off steam when people might otherwise be bent on revolution. He argues that "The principle of open discussion is a method of achieving a more adaptable and at the same time more stable community, of maintaining the precarious balance between healthy cleavage and necessary consensus." Emerson furthermore maintains that "Opposition serves a vital social function in offsetting or ameliorating (the) normal process of bureaucratic decay."[19]

text: Research undertaken by the Worldwide Governance Indicators project at the World Bank, indicates that freedom of speech, and the process of accountability that follows it, have a significant impact in the quality of governance of a country. "Voice and Accountability" within a country, defined as "the extent to which a country's citizens are able to participate in selecting their government, as well as freedom of expression, freedom of association, and free media" is one of the six dimensions of governance that the Worldwide Governance Indicators measure for more than 200 countries.[20] Against this backdrop it is important that development agencies create grounds for effective support for a free press in developing countries.[21]

text: Richard Moon has developed the argument that the value of freedom of speech and freedom of expression lies with social interactions. Moon writes that "by communicating an individual forms relationships and associations with others – family, friends, co-workers, church congregation, and countrymen. By entering into discussion with others an individual participates in the development of knowledge and in the direction of the community."[22]

text: Limitations[edit]

text: Legal systems sometimes recognize certain limits on the freedom of speech, particularly when freedom of speech conflicts with other rights and freedoms, such as in the cases of libel, slander, pornography, obscenity, fighting words, and intellectual property. Justifications for limitations to freedom of speech often reference the "harm principle" or the "offense principle". Limitations to freedom of speech may occur through legal sanction or social disapprobation, or both.[24] Certain public institutions may also enact policies restricting the freedom of speech, for example speech codes at state schools.

text: In On Liberty (1859), John Stuart Mill argued that "...there ought to exist the fullest liberty of professing and discussing, as a matter of ethical conviction, any doctrine, however immoral it may be considered."[24] Mill argues that the fullest liberty of expression is required to push arguments to their logical limits, rather than the limits of social embarrassment. However, Mill also introduced what is known as the harm principle, in placing the following limitation on free expression: "the only purpose for which power can be rightfully exercised over any member of a civilized community, against his will, is to prevent harm to others."[24]

text: In 1985, Joel Feinberg introduced what is known as the "offense principle", arguing that Mill's harm principle does not provide sufficient protection against the wrongful behaviors of others. Feinberg wrote "It is always a good reason in support of a proposed criminal prohibition that it would probably be an effective way of preventing serious offense (as opposed to injury or harm) to persons other than the actor, and that it is probably a necessary means to that end."[25] Hence Feinberg argues that the harm principle sets the bar too high and that some forms of expression can be legitimately prohibited by law because they are very offensive. But, as offending someone is less serious than harming someone, the penalties imposed should be higher for causing harm.[25] In contrast, Mill does not support legal penalties unless they are based on the harm principle.[24] Because the degree to which people may take offense varies, or may be the result of unjustified prejudice, Feinberg suggests that a number of factors need to be taken into account when applying the offense principle, including: the extent, duration and social value of the speech, the ease with which it can be avoided, the motives of the speaker, the number of people offended, the intensity of the offense, and the general interest of the community at large.[24]

text: Along similar lines as Mill, Jasper Doomen has argued that harm should be defined from the point of view of the individual citizen, not limiting harm to physical harm since nonphysical harm may also be involved; Feinberg's distinction between harm and offense is criticized as largely trivial.[26]

text: In 1999, Bernard Harcourt wrote of the collapse of the harm principle: "Today the debate is characterized by a cacophony of competing harm arguments without any way to resolve them. There is no longer an argument within the structure of the debate to resolve the competing claims of harm. The original harm principle was never equipped determine the relative importance of harms."[27]

text: Interpretations of both the harm and offense limitations to freedom of speech are culturally and politically relative. For instance, in Russia, the harm and offense principles have been used to justify the Russian LGBT propaganda law restricting speech (and action) in relation to LGBT issues. A number of European countries that take pride in freedom of speech nevertheless outlaw speech that might be interpreted as Holocaust denial. These include Austria, Belgium, Czech Republic, France, Germany, Hungary, Israel, Liechtenstein, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Netherlands, Poland, Portugal, Slovakia, and Switzerland.[28]

text: Norman Finkelstein, a writer and professor of political science expressed the opinion that Charlie Hebdo's abrasive cartoons of Muhammad exceeded the boundaries of free speech, and compared those cartoons with the cartoons of Julius Streicher,[29] who was hanged by the Allies after World War II for the words and drawings he had published. In 2006, in response to a particularly abrasive issue of Charlie Hebdo, French President Jacques Chirac condemned "overt provocations" which could inflame passions. "Anything that can hurt the convictions of someone else, in particular religious convictions, should be avoided", Chirac said.[30]

text: In the U.S., the standing landmark opinion on political speech is Brandenburg v. Ohio (1969),[31] expressly overruling Whitney v. California.[32] In Brandenburg, the US Supreme Court referred to the right even to speak openly of violent action and revolution in broad terms:

text: [Our] decisions have fashioned the principle that the constitutional guarantees of free speech and free press do not allow a State to forbid or proscribe advocacy of the use of force or law violation except where such advocacy is directed to inciting or producing imminent lawless action and is likely to incite or cause such action.[33]

text: The opinion in Brandenburg discarded the previous test of "clear and present danger" and made the right to freedom of (political) speech's protections in the United States almost absolute.[34][35] Hate speech is also protected by the First Amendment in the United States, as decided in R.A.V. v. City of St. Paul, (1992) in which the Supreme Court ruled that hate speech is permissible, except in the case of imminent violence.[36] See the First Amendment to the United States Constitution for more detailed information on this decision and its historical background.

text: The Internet and information society[edit]

text: Jo Glanville, editor of the Index on Censorship, states that "the Internet has been a revolution for censorship as much as for free speech".[38] International, national and regional standards recognise that freedom of speech, as one form of freedom of expression, applies to any medium, including the Internet.[14] The Communications Decency Act (CDA) of 1996 was the first major attempt by the United States Congress to regulate pornographic material on the Internet. In 1997, in the landmark cyberlaw case of Reno v. ACLU, the US Supreme Court partially overturned the law.[39] Judge Stewart R. Dalzell, one of the three federal judges who in June 1996 declared parts of the CDA unconstitutional, in his opinion stated the following:[40]

text: The Internet is a far more speech-enhancing medium than print, the village green, or the mails. Because it would necessarily affect the Internet itself, the CDA would necessarily reduce the speech available for adults on the medium. This is a constitutionally intolerable result. Some of the dialogue on the Internet surely tests the limits of conventional discourse. Speech on the Internet can be unfiltered, unpolished, and unconventional, even emotionally charged, sexually explicit, and vulgar – in a word, "indecent" in many communities. But we should expect such speech to occur in a medium in which citizens from all walks of life have a voice. We should also protect the autonomy that such a medium confers to ordinary people as well as media magnates.[...] My analysis does not deprive the Government of all means of protecting children from the dangers of Internet communication. The Government can continue to protect children from pornography on the Internet through vigorous enforcement of existing laws criminalizing obscenity and child pornography. [...] As we learned at the hearing, there is also a compelling need for public educations about the benefits and dangers of this new medium, and the Government can fill that role as well. In my view, our action today should only mean that Government's permissible supervision of Internet contents stops at the traditional line of unprotected speech. [...] The absence of governmental regulation of Internet content has unquestionably produced a kind of chaos, but as one of the plaintiff's experts put it with such resonance at the hearing: "What achieved success was the very chaos that the Internet is. The strength of the Internet is chaos." Just as the strength of the Internet is chaos, so that strength of our liberty depends upon the chaos and cacophony of the unfettered speech the First Amendment protects.[40]

text: The World Summit on the Information Society (WSIS) Declaration of Principles adopted in 2003 makes specific reference to the importance of the right to freedom of expression for the "Information Society" in stating:

text: We reaffirm, as an essential foundation of the Information society, and as outlined in Article 19 of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights, that everyone has the right to freedom of opinion and expression; that this right includes freedom to hold opinions without interference and to seek, receive and impart information and ideas through any media and regardless of frontiers. Communication is a fundamental social process, a basic human need and the foundation of all social organisation. It is central to the Information Society. Everyone, everywhere should have the opportunity to participate and no one should be excluded from the benefits of the Information Society offers.[41]

text: According to Bernt Hugenholtz and Lucie Guibault the public domain is under pressure from the "commodification of information" as information with previously little or no economic value has acquired independent economic value in the information age. This includes factual data, personal data, genetic information and pure ideas. The commodification of information is taking place through intellectual property law, contract law, as well as broadcasting and telecommunications law.[42]

text: Freedom of information[edit]

text: Freedom of information is an extension of freedom of speech where the medium of expression is the Internet. Freedom of information may also refer to the right to privacy in the context of the Internet and information technology. As with the right to freedom of expression, the right to privacy is a recognised human right and freedom of information acts as an extension to this right.[43] Freedom of information may also concern censorship in an information technology context, i.e. the ability to access Web content, without censorship or restrictions.[44]

text: Freedom of information is also explicitly protected by acts such as the Freedom of Information and Protection of Privacy Act of Ontario, in Canada.[45]

text: Internet censorship[edit]

text: The concept of freedom of information has emerged in response to state sponsored censorship, monitoring and surveillance of the internet. Internet censorship includes the control or suppression of the publishing or accessing of information on the Internet.[46] The Global Internet Freedom Consortium claims to remove blocks to the "free flow of information" for what they term "closed societies".[47] According to the Reporters without Borders (RWB) "internet enemy list" the following states engage in pervasive internet censorship: China, Cuba, Iran, Myanmar/Burma, North Korea, Saudi Arabia, Syria, Turkmenistan, Uzbekistan, and Vietnam.[48]

text: A widely publicized example of internet censorship is the "Great Firewall of China" (in reference both to its role as a network firewall and to the ancient Great Wall of China). The system blocks content by preventing IP addresses from being routed through and consists of standard firewall and proxy servers at the Internet gateways. The system also selectively engages in DNS poisoning when particular sites are requested. The government does not appear to be systematically examining Internet content, as this appears to be technically impractical.[49] Internet censorship in the People's Republic of China is conducted under a wide variety of laws and administrative regulations, including more than sixty regulations directed at the Internet. Censorship systems are vigorously implemented by provincial branches of state-owned ISPs, business companies, and organizations.[50][51]

text: History of dissent and truth[edit]

text: Before the invention of the printing press a written work, once created, could only be physically multiplied by highly laborious and error-prone manual copying. No elaborate system of censorship and control over scribes existed, who until the 14th century were restricted to religious institutions, and their works rarely caused wider controversy. In response to the printing press, and the heresies it allowed to spread, the Roman Catholic Church moved to impose censorship.[52] Printing allowed for multiple exact copies of a work, leading to a more rapid and widespread circulation of ideas and information (see print culture).[53] The origins of copyright law in most European countries lie in efforts by the Roman Catholic Church and governments to regulate and control the output of printers.[53]

text: In 1501 Pope Alexander VI issued a Bill against the unlicensed printing of books and in 1559 the Index Expurgatorius, or List of Prohibited Books, was issued for the first time.[52] The Index Expurgatorius is the most famous and long lasting example of "bad books" catalogues issued by the Roman Catholic Church, which presumed to be in authority over private thoughts and opinions, and suppressed views that went against its doctrines. The Index Expurgatorius was administered by the Roman Inquisition, but enforced by local government authorities, and went through 300 editions. Amongst others, it banned or censored books written by René Descartes, Giordano Bruno, Galileo Galilei, David Hume, John Locke, Daniel Defoe, Jean-Jacques Rousseau and Voltaire.[55] While governments and church encouraged printing in many ways because it allowed for the dissemination of Bibles and government information, works of dissent and criticism could also circulate rapidly. As a consequence, governments established controls over printers across Europe, requiring them to have official licenses to trade and produce books.[53]

text: The notion that the expression of dissent or subversive views should be tolerated, not censured or punished by law, developed alongside the rise of printing and the press. Areopagitica, published in 1644, was John Milton's response to the Parliament of England's re-introduction of government licensing of printers, hence publishers.[56] Church authorities had previously ensured that Milton's essay on the right to divorce was refused a license for publication. In Areopagitica, published without a license,[57] Milton made an impassioned plea for freedom of expression and toleration of falsehood,[56] stating:

text: Give me the liberty to know, to utter, and to argue freely according to conscience, above all liberties.[56]

text: Milton's defense of freedom of expression was grounded in a Protestant worldview and he thought that the English people had the mission to work out the truth of the Reformation, which would lead to the enlightenment of all people. But Milton also articulated the main strands of future discussions about freedom of expression. By defining the scope of freedom of expression and of "harmful" speech Milton argued against the principle of pre-censorship and in favor of tolerance for a wide range of views.[56] Freedom of the press ceased being regulated in England in 1695 when the Licensing Order of 1643 was allowed to expire after the introduction of the Bill of Rights 1689 shortly after the Glorious Revolution.[60][61] The emergence of publications like the Tatler (1709) and the Spectator (1711) are given credit for creating a 'bourgeois public sphere' in England that allowed for a free exchange of ideas and information.

text: As the "menace" of printing spread, more governments attempted to centralize control.[62] The French crown repressed printing and the printer Etienne Dolet was burned at the stake in 1546. In 1557 the British Crown thought to stem the flow of seditious and heretical books by chartering the Stationers' Company. The right to print was limited to the members of that guild, and thirty years later the Star Chamber was chartered to curtail the "greate enormities and abuses" of "dyvers contentyous and disorderlye persons professinge the arte or mystere of pryntinge or selling of books." The right to print was restricted to two universities and to the 21 existing printers in the city of London, which had 53 printing presses. As the British crown took control of type founding in 1637 printers fled to the Netherlands. Confrontation with authority made printers radical and rebellious, with 800 authors, printers and book dealers being incarcerated in the Bastille in Paris before it was stormed in 1789.[62]

text: A succession of English thinkers was at the forefront of early discussion on a right to freedom of expression, among them John Milton (1608–74) and John Locke (1632–1704). Locke established the individual as the unit of value and the bearer of rights to life, liberty, property and the pursuit of happiness. However Locke's ideas evolved primarily around the concept of the right to seek salvation for one's soul, and was thus primarily concerned with theological matters. Locke neither supported a universal toleration of peoples nor freedom of speech; according to his ideas, some groups, such as atheists, should not be allowed.[63]

text: By the second half of the 17th century philosophers on the European continent like Baruch Spinoza and Pierre Bayle developed ideas encompassing a more universal aspect freedom of speech and toleration than the early English philosophers.[63] By the 18th century the idea of freedom of speech was being discussed by thinkers all over the Western world, especially by French philosophes like Denis Diderot, Baron d'Holbach and Claude Adrien Helvétius.[65] The idea began to be incorporated in political theory both in theory as well as practice; the first state edict in history proclaiming complete freedom of speech was the one issued December 4, 1770 in Denmark-Norway during the regency of Johann Friedrich Struensee.[66] However Struensee himself imposed some minor limitations to this edict in October 7, 1771, and it was even further limited after the fall of Struensee with legislation introduced in 1773, although censorship was not reintroduced.[67]

text: John Stuart Mill (1806–1873) argued that without human freedom there can be no progress in science, law or politics, which according to Mill required free discussion of opinion. Mill's On Liberty, published in 1859 became a classic defence of the right to freedom of expression.[56] Mill argued that truth drives out falsity, therefore the free expression of ideas, true or false, should not be feared. Truth is not stable or fixed, but evolves with time. Mill argued that much of what we once considered true has turned out false. Therefore, views should not be prohibited for their apparent falsity. Mill also argued that free discussion is necessary to prevent the "deep slumber of a decided opinion". Discussion would drive the onwards march of truth and by considering false views the basis of true views could be re-affirmed.[68] Furthermore, Mill argued that an opinion only carries intrinsic value to the owner of that opinion, thus silencing the expression of that opinion is an injustice to a basic human right. For Mill, the only instance in which speech can be justifiably suppressed is in order to prevent harm from a clear and direct threat. Neither economic or moral implications, nor the speakers own well-being would justify suppression of speech.[69]

text: In Evelyn Beatrice Hall's biography of Voltaire, she coined the following sentence to illustrate Voltaire's beliefs: "I disapprove of what you say, but I will defend to the death your right to say it."[70] Hall's quote is frequently cited to describe the principle of freedom of speech.[70] In the 20th Century, Noam Chomsky states that: "If you believe in freedom of speech, you believe in freedom of speech for views you don't like. Dictators such as Stalin and Hitler, were in favor of freedom of speech for views they liked only. If you're in favor of freedom of speech, that means you're in favor of freedom of speech precisely for views you despise."[71] Lee Bollinger argues that "the free speech principle involves a special act of carving out one area of social interaction for extraordinary self-restraint, the purpose of which is to develop and demonstrate a social capacity to control feelings evoked by a host of social encounters." Bollinger argues that tolerance is a desirable value, if not essential. However, critics argue that society should be concerned by those who directly deny or advocate, for example, genocide (see limitations above).[72]

text: The 1928 novel Lady Chatterley's Lover by D. H. Lawrence was banned for obscenity in a number of countries, including the United Kingdom, the United States, Australia and Canada. In the late 1950s and early 1960s it was the subject of landmark court rulings which saw the ban for obscenity overturned. Dominic Sandbrook of The Telegraph in the UK writes, "Now that public obscenity has become commonplace, it is hard to recapture the atmosphere of a society that saw fit to ban books such as Lady Chatterley’s Lover because it was likely to “deprave and corrupt” its readers."[73] Fred Kaplan of The New York Times stated the overturning of the obscenity laws "set off an explosion of free speech" in the US.[74]

text: The right to freedom of expression has been interpreted to include the right to take and publish photographs of strangers in public areas without their permission or knowledge.[75][76]


document_title: ICC Champions Trophy

question_text: who took most wickets in champions trophy 2017

text: ICC Champions Trophy

text: Format[edit]

text: Up to 2006 the Champions Trophy was held every two years. The tournament had been scheduled to be held in Pakistan in 2008 but was moved to South Africa in 2009 due to security reasons.[6] From then on it has been held every four years like the World Cup. The Champions Trophy differs from the World Cup in a number of ways. The matches in the Champions Trophy are held over a period of around two and a half weeks, while the World Cup can last for over a month. The number of teams in the Champions Trophy are much less than the World Cup, with the latest edition of the World Cup having 14 teams whereas the 2017 ICC Champions Trophy had 8 teams.

text: For 2002 and 2004, twelve teams played a round-robin tournament in four pools of three, with the top team in each pool moving forward to the semi-final. A team would play only four games (two in the pool, semi-final and final) to win the tournament. The format used in the Knock Out tournaments differed from the formats used in the Champions Trophy. The competition was a straight knock out, with no pools and the loser in each game being eliminated. Only eight games were played in 1998, and 10 games in 2000.

text: Since 2006, eight teams have played in two pools of four in a round-robin format, with the top two teams in each pool playing in the semi-finals. Losing a single match potentially means elimination from the tournament. A total of 15 matches are played in the present format of the tournament, with the tournament lasting about two and a half weeks.[7]

text: Tournament history[edit]

text:
Year
Host Nation(s)
Final Venue
Final
Final Attendance

Winner
Result
Runner-up

1998

Bangladesh
Bangabandhu National Stadium, Dhaka
 South Africa
248/6 (47 overs)
South Africa won by 4 wickets
Scorecard
 West Indies
245 all out (49.3 overs)
40,000

2000

Kenya
Gymkhana Club Ground, Nairobi
 New Zealand
265/6 (49.4 overs)
New Zealand won by 4 wickets
Scorecard
 India
264/6 (50 overs)
7,000

2002

Sri Lanka
R. Premadasa Stadium, Colombo
 Sri Lanka
244/5 (50 Overs) & 222/7 (50 Overs)
 India
14/0 (2 Overs) & 38/1 (8.4 Overs)
India and Sri Lanka declared co-champions
Scorecard 1 & Scorecard 2
None/Joint Winners
34,832

2004

England
The Oval, London
 West Indies
218/8 (48.5 overs)
West Indies won by 2 wickets
Scorecard
 England
217 all out (49.4 overs)
18,600

2006

India
Brabourne Stadium, Mumbai
 Australia
116/2 (28.1 overs)
Australia won by 8 wickets (D/L method)
Scorecard
 West Indies
138 all out (30.4 overs)
26,000

2009

South Africa
SuperSport Park, Centurion
 Australia
206/4 (45.2 overs)
Australia won by 6 wickets
Scorecard
 New Zealand
200/9 (50 overs)
22,456

2013

England & Wales
Edgbaston, Birmingham
 India
129/7 (20 overs)
India won by 5 runs
Scorecard
 England
124/8 (20 overs)
24,867

2017

England & Wales
The Oval, London
 Pakistan
338/4 (50 overs)
Pakistan won by 180 runs
Scorecard
 India
158 all out (30.3 overs)
26,000

tag: table

text: Results[edit]

text: Thirteen nations have qualified for the Champions Trophy at least once. Seven teams have competed in every finals tournament. Seven different nations have won the title. South Africa won the inaugural tournament, India and Australia have each won twice, while New Zealand, Sri Lanka, West Indies and Pakistan have each won once. Australia (2006, 2009) is the only nation to have won consecutive titles. Bangladesh, Zimbabwe and England are the only Test playing nations who are yet to win the Champions Trophy. England has reached the final twice but lost both times (2004, 2013), Bangladesh reached the semi-finals in 2017 while Zimbabwe has never got past the first round. The highest rank secured by a non-Test playing nation is the 9th rank achieved by Kenya in 2000.

text: Sri Lanka was the first and only host to win the tournament, in 2002, but they were declared co-champions with India as the final was twice washed out. England is the only other host to have made the final. It has achieved this twice – in 2004 and 2013. Bangladesh is the only host who did not take part in the tournament while hosting it, in 1998. Kenya in 2000, India in 2006, and South Africa in 2009 have been the only host teams that were eliminated in the first round.

text: Teams' performances[edit]

text: Comprehensive results for all teams participating in all tournaments for the ICC Champions Trophy:

text:
Team \ Host
1998
2000
2002
2004
2006
2009
2013
2017
Apps

 Australia
QF
QF
SF
SF
1st
1st
GP
GP
8

 Bangladesh

P
GP
GP
P

SF
5

 England
QF
QF
GP
2nd
GP
SF
2nd
SF
8

 India
SF
2nd
1st*
GP
GP
GP
1st
2nd
8

 Kenya

P
GP
GP

3

 Netherlands

GP

1

 New Zealand
QF
1st
GP
GP
SF
2nd
GP
GP
8

 Pakistan
QF
SF
GP
SF
GP
SF
GP
1st
8

 South Africa
1st
SF
SF
GP
SF
GP
SF
GP
8

 Sri Lanka
SF
QF
1st*
GP
GP
GP
SF
GP
8

 United States

GP

1

 West Indies
2nd
P
GP
1st
2nd
GP
GP

7

 Zimbabwe
P
QF
GP
GP
P

5

No. of Teams
9
11
12
12
10
8
8
8

text: Legend

text:
1st – Champion
2nd – Runner-up
SF – Semi-finals
QF – Quarter-finals (1998–2000)
GP – Group/Pool stage – First round
P – Preliminary qualification stage
Q – Qualified
Apps – Appearances

tag: ul

text: Notes

text:
The first two tournaments, in 1998 and 2000, were intended to raise the profile of the game in the host nations, Bangladesh and Kenya.
India and Sri Lanka were declared co-champions in 2002.

text: Overview[edit]

text: The table below provides an overview of the performances of teams over past ICC Champions Trophy. Teams are sorted by best performance, then by appearances, total number of wins, total number of games, and alphabetical order respectively.

text:
Appearances

Statistics

Team
Total
First
Latest
Best result
Mat.
Won
Lost
Tie
NR
Win%

 India
8
1998
2017
Champions (2002*, 2013)
29
18
8
0
3
69.23

 Australia
8
1998
2017
Champions (2006, 2009)
24
12
8
0
4
60.00

 Sri Lanka
8
1998
2017
Champions (2002*)
27
14
11
0
2
56.00

 New Zealand
8
1998
2017
Champions (2000)
24
12
10
0
2
54.55

 South Africa
8
1998
2017
Champions (1998)
24
12
11
1
0
52.08

 Pakistan
8
1998
2017
Champions (2017)
23
11
12
0
0
47.82

 West Indies
7
1998
2013
Champions (2004)
24
13
10
1
0
56.25

 England
8
1998
2017
Runners-up (2004, 2013)
25
14
11
0
0
56.00

 Bangladesh
5
2000
2017
Semi-finals (2017)
12
2
9
0
1
18.18

 Zimbabwe
5
1998
2006
Quarter-finals (2000)
9
0
9
0
0
0.00

 Kenya
3
2000
2004
Pool/Group (2002, 2004)
5
0
5
0
0
0.00

 Netherlands
1
2002
2002
Pool stage (2002)
2
0
2
0
0
0.00

 United States
1
2004
2004
Group stage (2004)
2
0
2
0
0
0.00

Last Updated: 18 June 2017
Source: Cricinfo

text: ∗ India and Sri Lanka were declared joint winners in 2002.

text: The win percentage excludes matches with no result and counts ties as half a win.

text: Year 1998 ICC Knock Out tournament[edit]

text: Won by  South Africa

text: All of the matches in the 1998 tournament were played in Bangladesh at Bangabandhu National Stadium. The tournament was won by South Africa who beat West Indies in the final. Philo Wallace of West Indies was the leading run scorer in the tournament of scoring 221 runs. This was the first and till date the only ICC event won by South Africa.

text: Year 2000 ICC Knock Out tournament[edit]

text: Won by  New Zealand

text: All of the matches in the 2000 tournament were played in Nairobi, Kenya. All the test playing nations participated in the tournament along with inals, involving Kenya, India, Sri Lanka, West Indies, Bangladesh and England. The tournament was won by New Zealand who beat India in the final. Indian skipper Sourav Ganguly (348) was the leading run scorer in this tournament. Venkatesh Prasad (8) was the leading wicket taker. This was the first and till date the only ICC event won by New Zealand.

text: 2002 ICC Champions Trophy[edit]

text: Won by  India/ Sri Lanka (Declared Co-Champions)

text: The 2002 ICC Champions Trophy was held in Sri Lanka, and included the 10 ICC Test playing nations including the newly appointed full member Bangladesh, Kenya (ODI status) and the 2001 ICC Trophy winners Netherlands. The final between India and Sri Lanka was washed out due to rain twice to leave no result. First, Sri Lanka played 50 overs and then India played two overs before the rain caused interruption. The next day, Sri Lanka again played 50 overs and India played eight overs. In the end India and Sri Lanka were declared joint winners. The teams played 110 overs, but there was no result. Virender Sehwag (271) had the highest number of runs in the tournament and Muralitharan (10) had the highest number of wickets.[8]

text: 2004 ICC Champions Trophy[edit]

text: Won by  West Indies

text: ICC CT 2004 was held in England and the nations competing included the ten ICC Test nations, Kenya (ODI status), and – making their One Day International debut – the United States who qualified by winning the recent 2004 ICC Six Nations Challenge. The completion was more like a knockout series where teams losing even one game at the group stage were out of the tournament. The 12 teams were divided into 4 groups and the table topper from each group played semi finals. ENG defeated AUS in the 1st semi-final to make their 4th appearance in final of an ICC event. PAK lost to WI in the second semi final, which was a low scoring game. In the final game the WI team under Lara's leadership won a tense match with the help of wicket keeper C Browne and tailender Ian Bradshaw.

text: 2006 ICC Champions Trophy[edit]

text: Won by  Australia

text: Wikinews has related news: Australia capture 2006 ICC Champions Trophy

text: The 2006 ICC Champions Trophy was held in India with the final on 5 November 2006. A new format was used. Eight teams were competing in the group phase: the top six teams in the ICC ODI Championship on 1 April 2006, plus two teams chosen from the other four Test-playing teams Sri Lanka, West Indies, Bangladesh and Zimbabwe, chosen from a pre-tournament round robin qualifying round. West Indies and Sri Lanka qualified ahead of Bangladesh and Zimbabwe.

text: The eight teams were then split into two groups of four in a round robin competition. While Australia and West Indies qualified from Group A, South Africa and New Zealand qualified from Group B for the semifinals. Australia and West Indies reached the final defeating New Zealand and South Africa, respectively. In the final, Australia beat West Indies by 8 wickets to win the trophy for the first time. The venues for the tournament were Mohali, Ahmedabad, Jaipur and Mumbai.

text: 2009 ICC Champions Trophy (postponed from 2008)[edit]

text: Won by  Australia

text: In 2006, the ICC selected Pakistan to host the 2008 ICC Champions Trophy.

text: On 24 August 2008 it was announced that the 2008 ICC Champions Trophy in Pakistan has been postponed to October 2009 as several countries were reluctant to visit Pakistan for security reasons. However, due to the crowded international schedule around that date, and concerns about whether the security situation would have changed by that time, there was widespread scepticism whether it would actually take place in 2009.[6]

text: On 16 March 2009, an announcement was made that the ICC has recommended that the 2009 ICC Champions Trophy be moved from Pakistan to South Africa.[9]

text: On 2 April 2009, Cricket South Africa confirmed that it would host the 2009 ICC Champions Trophy from 24 September to 5 October. The Board accepted recommendations from the ICC that Liberty Life Wanderers (Johannesburg) and Supersport Park (Centurion) be the host venues. The details of SA’s hosting of the Champions Trophy were ironed out at a meeting between CSA’s CEO Gerald Majola and ICC general manager – Commercial, Campbell Jamieson. Majola confirmed that the six warm-up games will be played at Benoni’s Willowmoore Park, and Senwes Park in Potchefstroom.[10]

text: Australia beat England by 9 wickets in the 1st semi-final, and New Zealand beat Pakistan by 5 wickets in the 2nd semi-final, to set up a final that saw Australia beat New Zealand by 6 wickets, in 45.2 overs.

text: 2013 ICC Champions Trophy[edit]

text: Won by  India

text: England and Wales hosted the 2013 Champions Trophy.[11] England became the only country to host the Champions Trophy twice.[12] Australia failed to win a single game in their group, and were knocked out along with New Zealand in Group A. Pakistan lost all three games in Group B and were knocked out along with West Indies. England and Sri Lanka from Group A, and India and South Africa from Group B, made it to the semi-finals.

text: India and England won their respective games against Sri Lanka and South Africa comprehensively and the final between the two took place on 23 June 2013. India beat England by 5 runs at Edgbaston, winning their second title, although their first title, in 2002, was shared with Sri Lanka due to the final being washed out. Ravindra Jadeja was adjudged man of the match and he also received the "Golden Ball" for taking the most wickets in the tournament. Shikhar Dhawan received the "Golden Bat" for scoring the most runs in the series and was also adjudged the Man of the Series for his consistent outstanding performances. MS Dhoni became the first captain in history to win all three major ICC trophies – World Cup in 2011, World T20 in 2007 and this edition of the Champions Trophy.

text: 2017 ICC Champions Trophy[edit]

text: Won by  Pakistan[13]

text: In the lead-up to the 2013 tournament, the ICC announced that the 2013 Champions Trophy was to be the last,[14] with its place in the cricketing calendar to be taken by a new ICC World Test Championship.[15] However, in January 2014, that decision was reversed, due to the massive success of the 2013 edition, with the ICC confirming that the 2017 Champions Trophy tournament would take place and the proposed Test Championship was cancelled.[16] England and Wales hosted the 2017 ICC Champions Trophy. England became the only country to host the Champions Trophy thrice, and England and Wales became the only countries to host the ICC Champions Trophy consecutively, also hosting the 2013 edition. Bangladesh replaced the West Indies, who finished outside the top eight in ninth position, in the ICC ODI Team Rankings on the cut-off date. Bangladesh returned to the ICC Champions Trophy for the first time since 2006, and, for the first time, the West Indies failed to qualify.

text: Security around the tournament was increased following the Ariana Grande concert attack in Manchester, just before the start of the competition. The International Cricket Council (ICC) announced that they would review security concerns.[17][18] The 15 games played in the tournament were held across three venues – The Oval in London, Edgbaston Cricket Ground in Birmingham and Sophia Gardens in Cardiff. India did not announce their squad by the 25 April deadline due to what it described as "operational" reasons, although this was widely seen as a protest by the Board of Control for Cricket in India (BCCI) in an ongoing disagreement with the ICC over finance and governance.[19] After interference from senior officials, the Indian squad was finally named on 8 May 2017.[20] Pakistan's Shoaib Malik played in his sixth consecutive Champions Trophy.[21]

text: Rain and poor weather affected 5 of the 15 matches played in the tournament.[22] The top two teams in the ICC ODI Rankings at the time (South Africa and Australia) were knocked out in the group stage, with Australia not winning a single game out of their three.[23] 2015 World Cup finalists New Zealand were also knocked out in the group stage, also not winning a single game, along with Sri Lanka. Thus, England and Bangladesh from Group A, and India and Pakistan from Group B qualified for the semi-finals. Pakistan beat England comfortably in the first semi-final, winning by 8 wickets with almost 13 overs to spare to make their first final ever in the Champions Trophy. India beat Bangladesh in the second semi-final, also winning comfortably by 9 wickets, in what was Bangladesh's first semi-final in an ICC tournament.[24]

text: Arch-rivals India and Pakistan took each other on in the final of a tournament for the first time since 2007, with the final taking place at The Oval in London.[24] It was India's fourth appearance and Pakistan's maiden appearance in a Champions Trophy final. Pakistan beat India comfortably by 180 runs, outclassing them across all three departments-batting, bowling and fielding.[13][25] Pakistan, the lowest-ranked team in the competition[26], won their first Champions Trophy title and became the seventh nation to win it. Fakhar Zaman of Pakistan received the Man of the Match award for scoring a sublime 114.[27] Shikhar Dhawan of India received the "Golden Bat" award for scoring 338 runs[28] while Hasan Ali of Pakistan received the "Golden Ball" award for taking 13 wickets; he was also adjudged the Man of the Series for his outstanding contribution towards Pakistan's first ICC ODI tournament title since 1992.[29]

text: The prize money for the 2017 edition of the ICC Champions Trophy was increased by half a million dollars from 2013 to a total of $4.5 million. The winning team got a cheque of $2.2 million and the runner-up got $1.1 million. The other two semifinalists earned $450,000 each. Teams finishing third in each group took home $90,000 each, while the teams finishing last in each group got $60,000 each.[30]

text: 2021 ICC Champions Trophy[edit]

text: In the lead-up to the 2017 tournament, the ICC had proposed starting an ODI League in 2019, which will most likely lead to the Champions Trophy getting scrapped.[31] If the 2021 Champions Trophy does go ahead, it is due to be played in India. Following the 2017 Champions Trophy, David Richardson (the ICC CEO) stated that the future status of the Champions Trophy was undecided, with both a possible Test league and an additional World T20 putting additional pressure of fixtures.[32]

text: Debut of teams[edit]

text: Team appearing for the first time, in alphabetical order per year.

text:
Year
Debutants
Total

1998
 Australia,  England,  India,  New Zealand,  Pakistan,  South Africa,  Sri Lanka,  West Indies,  Zimbabwe
9

2000
 Bangladesh,  Kenya
2

2002
 Netherlands
1

2004
 United States
1

2006
none
0

2009
none
0

2013
none
0

2017
none
0

Total

13

text: Records[edit]

text:
National team
Final appearances
Winners
Runners-up
Years won
Years runners-up

 India
4
2*
2
2002, 2013
2000, 2017

 Australia
2
2
–
2006, 2009
–

 West Indies
3
1
2
2004
1998, 2006

 New Zealand
2
1
1
2000
2009

 Pakistan
1
1
–
2017
–

 South Africa
1
1
–
1998
–

 Sri Lanka
1
1*
–
2002
–

 England
2
–
2
–
2004, 2013

text: *Joint Champions in 2002

text: Most consecutive wins: India & West Indies with 6 matches.

text: Batting[edit]

text: Most tournament runs[edit]

text:
Rank
Runs
Player
Team
Matches
Innings
Period

1
791
Gayle, ChrisChris Gayle
 West Indies
17
17
2002–2013

2
742
Jayawardene, MahelaMahela Jayawardene
 Sri Lanka
22
21
2000–2013

3
701
Dhawan, ShikharShikhar Dhawan
 India
10
10
2013–present

4
683
Sangakkara, KumarKumar Sangakkara
 Sri Lanka
22
21
2000–2013

5
665
Ganguly, SouravSourav Ganguly
 India
13
11
1998–2004

Last updated: 18 June 2017[1]

text: Highest individual score[edit]

text:
Rank
Runs
Player
Team
Opposition
Venue
Date

1
1 !145*
Astle, NathanNathan Astle
 New Zealand
 United States
The Oval, London, England
000000002004-09-10-000010 September 2004

2
2 !145
Flower, AndyAndy Flower
 Zimbabwe
 India
R. Premadasa Stadium, Colombo, Sri Lanka
000000002002-09-14-000014 September 2002

3
3 !141*
Ganguly, SouravSourav Ganguly
 India
 South Africa
Gymkhana Club Ground, Nairobi, Kenya
000000002000-10-13-000013 October 2000

4
4 !141
Tendulkar, SachinSachin Tendulkar
 India
 Australia
Bangabandhu National Stadium, Dhaka, Bangladesh
000000001998-10-28-000028 October 1998

5
5 !141
Smith, GraemeGraeme Smith
 South Africa
 England
SuperSport Park, Centurion, South Africa
000000002009-09-27-000027 September 2009

Last updated: 4 June 2017[33]

text: Bowling[edit]

text: Most tournament wickets[edit]

text:
Rank
Wickets
Player
Team
Matches
Innings
Period

1
28
Mills, KyleKyle Mills
 New Zealand
15
15
2002–2013

3 !=2
24
Muralitharan, MuttiahMuttiah Muralitharan
 Sri Lanka
17
15
1998–2009

Malinga, LasithLasith Malinga
 Sri Lanka
15
15
2006–present

4
22
Lee, BrettBrett Lee
 Australia
16
15
2000–2009

5 !=5
21
McGrath, GlennGlenn McGrath
 Australia
12
12
2000–2006

Anderson, JamesJames Anderson
 England
12
12
2006–2013

Last updated: 11 June 2017[2]

text: Best figures in an innings[edit]

text:
Rank
Figures
Player
Team
Opposition
Venue
Date

1
686 !6/14
Maharoof, FarveezFarveez Maharoof
 Sri Lanka
 West Indies
Brabourne Stadium, Mumbai, India
000000002006-10-14-000014 October 2006

2
648 !6/52
Hazlewood, JoshJosh Hazlewood
 Australia
 New Zealand
Edgbaston, Birmingham, England
000000002017-06-02-00002 June 2017

3
589 !5/11
Afridi, ShahidShahid Afridi
 Pakistan
 Kenya
Edgbaston, Birmingham, England
000000002004-09-14-000014 September 2004

4
579 !5/21
Ntini, MakhayaMakhaya Ntini
 South Africa
 Pakistan
Punjab Cricket Association IS Bindra Stadium, Mohali, India
000000002006-10-27-000027 October 2006

5
571 !5/29
Dillon, MervynMervyn Dillon
 West Indies
 Bangladesh
The Rose Bowl, Southampton, England
000000002004-09-15-000015 September 2004

Last updated: 4 June 2017[34]

text: By tournament[edit]

text:
Year
Player of the final
Player of the tournament
Most runs
Most wickets

1998
 Jacques Kallis
 Jacques Kallis
 Philo Wallace (221)
 Jacques Kallis (8)

2000
 Chris Cairns
Not awarded
 Sourav Ganguly (348)
 Venkatesh Prasad (8)

2002
Not awarded
Not awarded
 Virender Sehwag (271)
 Muttiah Muralitharan (10)

2004
 Ian Bradshaw
 Ramnaresh Sarwan
 Marcus Trescothick (261)
 Andrew Flintoff (9)

2006
 Shane Watson
 Chris Gayle
 Chris Gayle (474)
 Jerome Taylor (13)

2009
 Shane Watson
 Ricky Ponting
 Ricky Ponting (288)
 Wayne Parnell (11)

2013
 Ravindra Jadeja
 Shikhar Dhawan
 Shikhar Dhawan (363)
 Ravindra Jadeja (12)

2017
 Fakhar Zaman
 Hasan Ali
 Shikhar Dhawan (338)
 Hasan Ali (13)


document_title: Country Music Association Awards

question_text: what is the venue for the cma awards

question_tokens: what is the venue for the cma awards

text: Country Music Association Awards

text: History[edit]

text: The first CMA awards were presented at an untelevised ceremony at the Nashville Municipal Auditorium in 1967; the Entertainer of the Year award that night went to Eddy Arnold. The second annual CMA awards were presented in October 1968; NBC taped the ceremony and televised it a few weeks later. Since then, the awards have been televised live, usually in October or November, by NBC from 1969 through 1971, by CBS from 1972 through 2005, and by ABC beginning in 2006. Starting in 1968 they were held at Nashville's Grand Ole Opry (initially at Ryman Auditorium, and from 1974 through 2004 at the new Grand Ole Opry House).

text: In 2005, the awards show was held at Madison Square Garden in New York City. Since 2006, they have been held at Nashville's Bridgestone Arena.[3]

text: The awards are generally held on the first Wednesday in November, but the 2017 ceremony was held on November 8 (the second Wednesday), rescheduled to avoid a potential conflict with game seven of the 2017 World Series, a game that turned out to be inevitable (as it was with the previous Series).

text: Eligibility and voting[edit]

text: Albums and songs released between July 1 of the previous calendar year and June 30 of the award show's year are eligible for consideration.[4] More than 7,300 individuals from the Country Music Association trade group vote for the nominees and winners through three rounds of balloting.[4]

text: Awards[edit]

text: Annual awards are given in the following twelve categories: Entertainer, Male Vocalist, Female Vocalist, New Artist (previously known as the Horizon Award until 2008), Vocal Group, Vocal Duo (introduced in 1970), Single, Album, Song, Musical Event (split off from the Vocal Duo award in 1988 as Vocal Event), Music Video (introduced in 1985), and Musician.[1] The distinction between the Duo and Event awards is that the former is presented to two artists who normally perform together, while the latter was specifically created to honor one-off collaborations. Nine awards are also given to radio broadcasters for Station of the Year and Personality of the Year (divided into four categories each, based on market size), as well as National Personality of the Year to the host of a nationally syndicated show.[1] Since 2012, the ceremony features a Lifetime Achievement Award.[5]

text: Major awards[edit]

text:
Year
Entertainer of the Year
Male Vocalist of the Year
Female Vocalist of the Year
New Artist of the Year
Song of the Year
Album of the Year

Horizon Award

2017
Garth Brooks
Chris Stapleton
Miranda Lambert
Jon Pardi
Taylor Swift – "Better Man"
From A Room: Volume 1

2016
Carrie Underwood
Maren Morris
Lori McKenna – "Humble and Kind"
Mr. Misunderstood

2015
Luke Bryan
Miranda Lambert
Chris Stapleton
Liz Rose, Lori McKenna and Hillary Lindsey – "Girl Crush"
Traveller

2014
Blake Shelton
Brett Eldredge
Kacey Musgraves, Shane McAnally, Brandy Clark – "Follow Your Arrow"
Platinum

2013
George Strait
Kacey Musgraves
Jessi Alexander, Connie Harrington, Jimmy Yeary – "I Drive Your Truck"
Based on a True Story...

2012
Blake Shelton
Hunter Hayes
Miranda Lambert, Blake Shelton – "Over You"
Chief

2011
Taylor Swift
The Band Perry
Kimberly Perry – "If I Die Young"
My Kinda Party

2010
Brad Paisley
Zac Brown Band
Tom Douglas, Allen Shamblin – "The House That Built Me"
Revolution

2009
Taylor Swift
Brad Paisley
Taylor Swift
Darius Rucker
Jamey Johnson, Lee Thomas Miller, James Otto – "In Color"
Fearless

2008
Kenny Chesney
Carrie Underwood
Lady Antebellum
Jennifer Nettles – "Stay"
Troubadour

2007
Taylor Swift
Bill Anderson, Jamey Johnson, Buddy Cannon – "Give It Away"
It Just Comes Natural

2006
Keith Urban
Carrie Underwood
Craig Wiseman, Ronnie Dunn – "Believe"
Time Well Wasted

2005
Keith Urban
Gretchen Wilson
Dierks Bentley
Bill Anderson, Jon Randall – "Whiskey Lullaby"
There's More Where That Came From

2004
Kenny Chesney
Martina McBride
Gretchen Wilson
Craig Wiseman, Tim Nichols – "Live Like You Were Dying"
When the Sun Goes Down

2003
Alan Jackson
Alan Jackson
Joe Nichols
Doug Johnson, Kim Williams – "Three Wooden Crosses"
The Man Comes Around

2002
Rascal Flatts
Alan Jackson – "Where Were You (When the World Stopped Turning)"
Drive

2001
Tim McGraw
Toby Keith
Lee Ann Womack
Keith Urban
Larry Cordle, Larry Shell – "Murder on Music Row"
O Brother, Where Art Thou?

2000
Dixie Chicks
Tim McGraw
Faith Hill
Brad Paisley
Mark D. Sanders, Tia Sillers – "I Hope You Dance"
Fly

1999
Shania Twain
Martina McBride
Jo Dee Messina
Beth Neilsen Chapman, Annie Roboff, Rob Lerner – "This Kiss"
A Place in the Sun

1998
Garth Brooks
George Strait
Trisha Yearwood
Dixie Chicks
Steve Wariner, Billy Kirsch – "Holes in the Floor of Heaven"
Everywhere

1997
LeAnn Rimes
Matraca Berg, Gary Harrison – "Strawberry Wine"
Carrying Your Love with Me

1996
Brooks & Dunn
Patty Loveless
Bryan White
Vince Gill – "Go Rest High on That Mountain"
Blue Clear Sky

1995
Alan Jackson
Vince Gill
Alison Krauss
Alison Krauss
Gretchen Peters – "Independence Day"
When Fallen Angels Fly

1994
Vince Gill
Pam Tillis
John Michael Montgomery
Alan Jackson, Jim McBride – "Chattahoochee"
Common Thread

1993
Mary Chapin Carpenter
Mark Chesnutt
John Barlow Jarvis, Vince Gill – "I Still Believe in You"
I Still Believe in You

1992
Garth Brooks
Suzy Bogguss
Max D. Barnes, Vince Gill – "Look at Us"
Ropin' the Wind

1991
Tanya Tucker
Travis Tritt
Tim DuBois, Vince Gill – "When I Call Your Name"
No Fences

1990
George Strait
Clint Black
Kathy Mattea
Garth Brooks
Don Henry, Jon Vezner – "Where've You Been"
Pickin' on Nashville

1989
Ricky Van Shelton
Clint Black
Max D. Barnes, Vern Gosdin – "Chiseled in Stone"
Will the Circle Be Unbroken: Volume II

1988
Hank Williams, Jr.
Randy Travis
K. T. Oslin
Ricky Van Shelton
K. T. Oslin – "80's Ladies"
Born to Boogie

1987
Reba McEntire
Holly Dunn
Paul Overstreet, Don Schlitz – "Forever and Ever, Amen"
Always & Forever

1986
Reba McEntire
George Strait
Randy Travis
Paul Overstreet, Don Schlitz – "On the Other Hand"
Lost in the Fifties Tonight

1985
Ricky Skaggs
Sawyer Brown
Lee Greenwood – "God Bless the USA"
Does Fort Worth Ever Cross Your Mind

1984
Alabama
Lee Greenwood
The Judds
Larry Henley, Jeff Silbar – "Wind Beneath My Wings"
A Little Good News

1983
Janie Fricke
John Anderson
Wayne Carson Thompson, Johnny Christopher, Mark James – "Always on My Mind"
The Closer You Get...

1982
Ricky Skaggs
Ricky Skaggs
Always on My Mind

1981
Barbara Mandrell
George Jones
Barbara Mandrell
Terri Gibbs
Bobby Braddock, Curly Putman – "He Stopped Loving Her Today"
I Believe in You

1980
Emmylou Harris
No award presented
Coal Miner's Daughter Soundtrack

1979
Willie Nelson
Kenny Rogers
Barbara Mandrell
Don Schlitz – "The Gambler"
The Gambler

1978
Dolly Parton
Don Williams
Crystal Gayle
Richard Leigh – "Don't It Make My Brown Eyes Blue"
It Was Almost Like a Song

1977
Ronnie Milsap
Ronnie Milsap
Roger Bowling, Hal Bynum – "Lucille"
Ronnie Milsap: Live

1976
Mel Tillis
Dolly Parton
Larry Weiss – "Rhinestone Cowboy"
Wanted! The Outlaws

1975
John Denver
Waylon Jennings
John Denver – "Back Home Again"
A Legend in My Time

1974
Charlie Rich
Ronnie Milsap
Olivia Newton-John
Don Wayne – "Country Bumpkin"
A Very Special Love Song

1973
Roy Clark
Charlie Rich
Loretta Lynn
Kenny O'Dell – "Behind Closed Doors"
Behind Closed Doors

1972
Loretta Lynn
Charley Pride
Freddie Hart – "Easy Loving"
Let Me Tell You About a Song

1971
Charley Pride
Lynn Anderson
I Won't Mention It Again

1970
Merle Haggard
Merle Haggard
Tammy Wynette
Kris Kristofferson – "Sunday Mornin' Comin' Down"
Okie from Muskogee

1969
Johnny Cash
Johnny Cash
Bob Ferguson – "The Carroll County Accident"
Johnny Cash at San Quentin

1968
Glen Campbell
Glen Campbell
Bobby Russell – "Honey"
Johnny Cash At Folsom Prison

1967
Eddy Arnold
Jack Greene
Loretta Lynn
Dallas Frazier – "There Goes My Everything"
There Goes My Everything

text: CMA Awards hosts[edit]

text: Brad Paisley and Carrie Underwood have co-hosted the ceremonies together since 2008. Vince Gill has been the longest consecutive host from 1992 to 2003, co-hosting with Reba McEntire in 1992 and Clint Black in 1993. The first ceremony in 1967 was co-hosted by Sonny James and Bobbie Gentry, but that ceremony was not televised.


document_title: List of current Premier League and English Football League managers

question_text: who is the longest serving coach in premier league

text: Managers[edit]

text:
Name

Nat.

Date of birth

Club

Division

Appointed

Time as manager

Source

Jim Bentley

11 June 1976

Morecambe

League Two

13 May 2011

7003264900000000000♠7 years, 92 days

[1]

Gareth Ainsworth

10 May 1973

Wycombe Wanderers

League One

24 September 2012[N 1]

7003214900000000000♠5 years, 323 days

[2][3]

Neal Ardley

1 September 1972

AFC Wimbledon

League One

10 October 2012

7003213300000000000♠5 years, 307 days

[4]

Eddie Howe

29 November 1977

Bournemouth

Premier League

12 October 2012

7003213000000000000♠5 years, 304 days

[5]

Sean Dyche

28 June 1971

Burnley

Premier League

30 October 2012

7003211300000000000♠5 years, 287 days

[6]

Keith Hill

17 May 1969

Rochdale

League One

22 January 2013

7003202900000000000♠5 years, 203 days

[7]

Darrell Clarke

16 December 1977

Bristol Rovers

League One

28 March 2014

7003159900000000000♠4 years, 138 days

[8]

Mauricio Pochettino

2 March 1972

Tottenham Hotspur

Premier League

27 May 2014

7003153900000000000♠4 years, 78 days

[9]

John Coleman

12 October 1962

Accrington Stanley

League One

18 September 2014

7003142500000000000♠3 years, 329 days

[10]

Chris Hughton

11 December 1958

Brighton & Hove Albion

Premier League

31 December 2014

7003132100000000000♠3 years, 225 days

[11]

Neil Harris

12 July 1977

Millwall

Championship

10 March 2015[N 2]

7003125200000000000♠3 years, 156 days

[12][13]

Gary Johnson

28 September 1955

Cheltenham Town

League Two

30 March 2015

7003123200000000000♠3 years, 136 days

[14]

Derek Adams

25 June 1975

Plymouth Argyle

League One

11 June 2015

7003115900000000000♠3 years, 63 days

[15]

Jürgen Klopp

16 June 1967

Liverpool

Premier League

8 October 2015

7003104000000000000♠2 years, 309 days

[16]

David Wagner

19 October 1971

Huddersfield Town

Premier League

5 November 2015[N 3]

7003100800000000000♠2 years, 277 days

[17]

Dean Smith

19 March 1971

Brentford

Championship

30 November 2015

7002987000000000000♠2 years, 256 days

[18]

Darren Way

21 November 1979

Yeovil Town

League Two

1 December 2015[N 4]

7002986000000000000♠2 years, 255 days

[19][20]

Nigel Clough

19 March 1966

Burton Albion

League One

7 December 2015

7002980000000000000♠2 years, 249 days

[21]

Slaviša Jokanović

16 August 1968

Fulham

Premier League

27 December 2015

7002960000000000000♠2 years, 229 days

[22]

Nathan Jones

28 May 1973

Luton Town

League One

6 January 2016

7002950000000000000♠2 years, 219 days

[23]

Lee Johnson

7 June 1981

Bristol City

Championship

6 February 2016[N 5]

7002919000000000000♠2 years, 188 days

[24]

Rafael Benítez

16 April 1960

Newcastle United

Premier League

11 March 2016

7002885000000000000♠2 years, 155 days

[25]

John McGreal

2 June 1972

Colchester United

League Two

4 May 2016

7002831000000000000♠2 years, 101 days

[26]

Mark Cooper

18 December 1968

Forest Green Rovers

League Two

9 May 2016

7002826000000000000♠2 years, 96 days

[27]

Chris Wilder

23 September 1967

Sheffield United

Championship

12 May 2016

7002823000000000000♠2 years, 93 days

[28]

Danny Cowley

22 October 1978

Lincoln City

League Two

13 May 2016

7002822000000000000♠2 years, 92 days

[29]

José Mourinho

26 January 1963

Manchester United

Premier League

27 May 2016

7002808000000000000♠2 years, 78 days

[30]

Phil Parkinson

1 December 1967

Bolton Wanderers

Championship

10 June 2016

7002794000000000000♠2 years, 64 days

[31]

Pep Guardiola

18 January 1971

Manchester City

Premier League

1 July 2016

7002773000000000000♠2 years, 43 days

[32]

Neil Warnock

1 December 1948

Cardiff City

Premier League

5 October 2016

7002677000000000000♠1 year, 312 days

[33]

Micky Mellon

18 March 1972

Tranmere Rovers

League Two

6 October 2016

7002676000000000000♠1 year, 311 days

[34]

Steve Bruce

31 December 1960

Aston Villa

Championship

12 October 2016

7002670000000000000♠1 year, 305 days

[35]

Paul Warne

8 May 1973

Rotherham United

Championship

28 November 2016[N 6]

7002623000000000000♠1 year, 258 days

[36][37]

David Artell

22 November 1980

Crewe Alexandra

League Two

8 January 2017

7002582000000000000♠1 year, 217 days

[38]

Kevin Nolan

24 June 1982

Notts County

League Two

12 January 2017

7002578000000000000♠1 year, 213 days

[39][40]

Tony Mowbray

22 November 1963

Blackburn Rovers

Championship

22 February 2017

7002537000000000000♠1 year, 172 days

[41]

Mark Robins

22 December 1969

Coventry City

League One

6 March 2017

7002525000000000000♠1 year, 160 days

[42]

Michael Flynn

17 October 1980

Newport County

League Two

9 March 2017[N 7]

7002522000000000000♠1 year, 157 days

[43][44]

Harry Kewell

22 September 1978

Crawley Town

League Two

23 May 2017

7002447000000000000♠1 year, 82 days

[45]

Daniel Farke

30 October 1976

Norwich City

Championship

25 May 2017

7002445000000000000♠1 year, 80 days

[46]

Paul Cook

22 February 1967

Wigan Athletic

Championship

31 May 2017

7002439000000000000♠1 year, 74 days

[47]

Nuno Espírito Santo

25 January 1974

Wolverhampton Wanderers

Premier League

31 May 2017

7002439000000000000♠1 year, 74 days

[48]

Kenny Jackett

5 January 1962

Portsmouth

League One

2 June 2017

7002437000000000000♠1 year, 72 days

[49]

Alex Neil

9 June 1981

Preston North End

Championship

4 July 2017

7002405000000000000♠1 year, 40 days

[50]

Roy Hodgson

9 August 1947

Crystal Palace

Premier League

12 September 2017

7002335000000000000♠335 days

[51]

Neil Aspin

12 April 1965

Port Vale

League Two

4 October 2017

7002313000000000000♠313 days

[52]

Steve Lovell

16 July 1960

Gillingham

League One

12 October 2017[N 8]

7002305000000000000♠305 days

[53][54]

Claude Puel

2 September 1961

Leicester City

Premier League

25 October 2017

7002292000000000000♠292 days

[55]

Nigel Adkins

11 March 1965

Hull City

Championship

7 December 2017

7002249000000000000♠249 days

[56]

Tony Pulis

16 January 1958

Middlesbrough

Championship

26 December 2017[N 9]

7002230000000000000♠230 days

[57]

Jos Luhukay

13 June 1963

Sheffield Wednesday

Championship

5 January 2018[N 10]

7002217000000000000♠217 days

[58]

Aitor Karanka

18 September 1973

Nottingham Forest

Championship

8 January 2018

7002217000000000000♠217 days

[59]

Ryan Lowe

18 September 1978

Bury

League Two

15 January 2018

7002210000000000000♠210 days

[60]

Javi Gracia

1 May 1970

Watford

Premier League

21 January 2018

7002204000000000000♠204 days

[61]

Chris Powell

8 September 1969

Southend United

League One

23 January 2018

7002202000000000000♠202 days

[62]

Joe Dunne

25 May 1973

Cambridge United

League Two

9 February 2018[N 11]

7002185000000000000♠185 days

[63][64]

Steve Evans

30 October 1962

Peterborough United

League One

28 February 2018

7002166000000000000♠166 days

[65]

David Flitcroft

14 January 1974

Mansfield Town

League Two

1 March 2018

7002165000000000000♠165 days

[66]

Michael Jolley

30 March 1977

Grimsby Town

League Two

2 March 2018

7002164000000000000♠164 days

[67]

Garry Monk

6 March 1979

Birmingham City

Championship

4 March 2018

7002162000000000000♠162 days

[68]

Phil Brown

30 May 1959

Swindon Town

League Two

12 March 2018

7002154000000000000♠154 days

[69]

Mark Hughes

1 November 1963

Southampton

Premier League

14 March 2018

7002152000000000000♠152 days

[70]

Dean Keates

30 June 1978

Walsall

League One

16 March 2018

7002150000000000000♠150 days

[71]

Dino Maamria

26 May 1971

Stevenage

League Two

20 March 2018

7002146000000000000♠146 days

[72]

Lee Bowyer[N 12]

3 January 1977

Charlton Athletic

League One

22 March 2018

7002144000000000000♠144 days

[73]

Karl Robinson

13 September 1980

Oxford United

League One

22 March 2018

7002144000000000000♠144 days

[74]

Paul Clement

8 January 1972

Reading

Championship

23 March 2018

7002143000000000000♠143 days

[75]

Nick Daws

15 March 1970

Scunthorpe United

League One

26 March 2018[N 13]

7002140000000000000♠140 days

[76][77]

Darren Moore

22 April 1974

West Bromwich Albion

Championship

2 April 2018[N 14]

7002133000000000000♠133 days

[78][79]

Dean Austin

26 April 1970

Northampton Town

League Two

2 April 2018

7002133000000000000♠133 days

[80]

Steve McClaren

3 May 1961

Queens Park Rangers

Championship

18 May 2018

7001870000000000000♠87 days

[81]

Gary Rowett

6 March 1974

Stoke City

Championship

22 May 2018

7001830000000000000♠83 days

[82]

Manuel Pellegrini

16 September 1953

West Ham United

Premier League

22 May 2018

7001830000000000000♠83 days

[83]

Unai Emery

3 November 1971

Arsenal

Premier League

23 May 2018

7001820000000000000♠82 days

[84]

Jack Ross

5 June 1976

Sunderland

League One

25 May 2018

7001800000000000000♠80 days

[85]

Paul Hurst

25 September 1974

Ipswich Town

Championship

30 May 2018

7001750000000000000♠75 days

[86]

Frank Lampard

20 June 1978

Derby County

Championship

31 May 2018

7001740000000000000♠74 days

[87]

Marco Silva

12 July 1977

Everton

Premier League

31 May 2018

7001740000000000000♠74 days

[88]

Matt Taylor

30 January 1982

Exeter City

League Two

1 June 2018

7001730000000000000♠73 days

[89]

John Askey

4 November 1964

Shrewsbury Town

League One

1 June 2018

7001730000000000000♠73 days

[90]

Joey Barton

2 September 1982

Fleetwood Town

League One

18 April 2018[N 15]

7001720000000000000♠72 days

[91]

John Sheridan

1 October 1964

Carlisle United

League Two

5 June 2018

7001690000000000000♠69 days

[92]

Daniel Stendel

4 April 1974

Barnsley

League One

6 June 2018

7001680000000000000♠68 days

[93]

Paul Tisdale

14 January 1973

Milton Keynes Dons

League Two

6 June 2018

7001680000000000000♠68 days

[94]

Graham Potter

20 May 1975

Swansea City

Championship

11 June 2018

7001630000000000000♠63 days

[95]

Frankie Bunn

6 November 1962

Oldham Athletic

League Two

13 June 2018

7001610000000000000♠61 days

[96]

Marcelo Bielsa

21 July 1955

Leeds United

Championship

15 June 2018

7001590000000000000♠59 days

[97]

Michael Collins

30 April 1986

Bradford City

League One

18 June 2018

7001560000000000000♠56 days

[98]

Mark Yates

24 January 1970

Macclesfield Town

League Two

19 June 2018

7001550000000000000♠55 days

[99]

Grant McCann

14 April 1980

Doncaster Rovers

League One

27 June 2018

7001470000000000000♠47 days

[100]

Maurizio Sarri

10 January 1959

Chelsea

Premier League

13 July 2018

7001300000000000000♠30 days

[101]

Terry McPhillips

1 October 1968

Blackpool

League One

6 August 2018

7000700000000000000♠7 days

[102]

text: ‡ indicates player-manager