document_title: Press Freedom Index

question_text: where does the united states rank on the 2017 world press freedom index

text: Press Freedom Index

text: Methodology[edit]

text: The report is partly based on a questionnaire[3] which asks questions about pluralism, media independence, environment and self-censorship, legislative framework, transparency, and infrastructure. The questionnaire takes account of the legal framework for the media (including penalties for press offences, the existence of a state monopoly for certain kinds of media and how the media are regulated) and the level of independence of the public media. It also includes violations of the free flow of information on the Internet. Violence against journalists, netizens, and media assistants, including abuses attributable to the state, armed militias, clandestine organisations or pressure groups, are monitored by RSF staff during the year and are also part of the final score. A smaller score on the report corresponds to greater freedom of the press as reported by the organisation. The questionnaire is sent to Reporters Without Borders's partner organisations: 18 freedom of expression non-governmental organisations located in five continents, its 150 correspondents around the world and journalists, researchers, jurists and human rights activists.[2]

text: Based on the data collected, a score and a position or rank, complementary indicators that together assess the state of media freedom are assigned to each country in the final report. Some countries are excluded from the report because of a lack of reliable or confirmed information. Because the questions and calculations upon which the scores are based have changed over the years, scores are only used to compare countries within a given year. To follow a country’s evolution from year to year its rank in the index is compared rather than its score.

text: Each report intends to reflect the situation during a specific period. The year of the report is the year the report was released and intends to reflect events in the prior year. No report was released in 2011. The 2011–2012 report, labelled 2012 in the table below, was published on 20 January, 2012, and intends to reflect events between 1 December, 2010, and 30 November, 2011. The 2013 World Press Freedom Index was published on 30 January, 2013, and intends to reflect events between 1 December, 2011, and 30 November, 2012.

text: Rankings and scores by country[edit]

text: Data for each year are presented as a country's rank, giving its position relative to other countries over its score. A smaller score on the report corresponds to greater freedom of the press as reported by the organisation. In 2012 the smallest scores could be negative.

text: Although the map above uses five colours the table below uses seven, and so some countries (e.g. Canada) will be coloured differently.

text: Color key:

text:
Most free →

 → Least free

text:
Country
2017
[4]
2016
[5]
2015
[6]
2014
[7]
2013
[8]
2012
[a][9]
2010
[10]
2009
[11]
2008
[12]
2007
[13]
2006
[14]
2005
[15]
2004
[16]
2003
[17]
2002
[18]

 Norway
(001)
7.6
(003)
8.79
(002)
7.75
(003)
6.52
(003)
6.52
(001)
-10.00
(001)
0.00
(001)
0.00
(001)
1.50
(001)
0.75
(006)
2.00
(001)
0.50
(001)
0.50
(001)
0.50
(001)
0.50

 Sweden
(002)
8.27
(008)
12.33
(005)
9.47
(010)
8.98
(010)
9.23
(012)
-5.50
(001)
0.00
(001)
0.00
(007)
3.00
(005)
1.50
(014)
4.00
(012)
2.00
(011)
2.00
(009)
1.50
(007)
1.50

 Finland
(003)
8.92
(001)
8.59
(001)
7.52
(001)
6.40
(001)
6.38
(001)
-10.00
(001)
0.00
(001)
0.00
(004)
2.00
(005)
1.50
(001)
0.50
(001)
0.50
(001)
0.50
(001)
0.50
(001)
0.50

 Denmark
(004)
10.36
(004)
8.89
(003)
8.24
(007)
7.43
(006)
7.08
(010)
-5.67
(011)
2.50
(001)
0.00
(014)
3.50
(008)
2.00
(019)
5.00
(001)
0.50
(001)
0.50
(005)
1.00
(010)
3.00

 Netherlands
(005)
11.28
(002)
8.76
(004)
9.22
(002)
6.46
(002)
6.48
(003)
-9.00
(001)
0.00
(007)
1.00
(016)
4.00
(012)
3.50
(001)
0.50
(001)
0.50
(001)
0.50
(001)
0.50
(001)
0.50

 Costa Rica
(006)
11.93
(006)
11.10
(016)
12.26
(021)
12.23
(018)
12.08
(019)
-2.25
(029)
8.08
(030)
8.00
(022)
5.10
(021)
6.50
(029)
6.67
(041)
8.50
(035)
7.63
(024)
3.83
(015)
4.25

  Switzerland
(007)
12.13
(007)
11.76
(020)
13.85
(015)
10.47
(014)
9.94
(008)
-6.20
(001)
0.00
(007)
1.00
(007)
3.00
(011)
3.00
(008)
2.50
(001)
0.50
(001)
0.50
(012)
2.50
(015)
4.25

 Jamaica
(008)
12.73
(010)
12.45
(009)
11.18
(017)
10.90
(013)
9.88
(016)
-3.00
(025)
7.67
(023)
4.75
(021)
4.88
(027)
8.63
(023)
5.50
(034)
7.50
(024)
4.17
(021)
3.33
N/A

 Belgium
(009)
12.75
(013)
14.18
(015)
11.98
(023)
12.80
(021)
12.94
(020)
-2.00
(014)
4.00
(011)
2.50
(007)
3.00
(005)
1.50
(014)
4.00
(018)
4.00
(022)
4.00
(007)
1.17
(012)
3.50

 Iceland
(010)
13.03
(019)
15.30
(021)
13.87
(008)
8.50
(009)
8.49
(006)
-7.00
(001)
0.00
(009)
2.00
(001)
1.50
(001)
0.75
(001)
0.50
(001)
0.50
(001)
0.50
(001)
0.50
(001)
0.50

 Austria
(011)
13.47
(011)
13.18
(007)
10.85
(012)
10.01
(012)
9.40
(005)
-8.00
(007)
0.50
(013)
3.00
(014)
3.50
(016)
4.25
(016)
4.50
(016)
2.50
(017)
3.25
(016)
2.75
(026)
7.50

 Estonia
(012)
13.55
(014)
14.31
(010)
11.19
(011)
9.63
(011)
9.26
(003)
-9.00
(009)
2.00
(006)
0.50
(004)
2.00
(003)
1.00
(006)
2.00
(011)
1.50
(011)
2.00
(012)
2.50
N/A

 New Zealand
(013)
13.98
(005)
10.01
(006)
10.06
(009)
8.55
(008)
8.38
(013)
-5.33
(008)
1.50
(013)
3.00
(007)
3.00
(015)
4.17
(019)
5.00
(012)
2.00
(009)
0.67
(017)
2.83
N/A

 Ireland
(014)
14.08
(009)
12.40
(011)
11.20
(016)
10.87
(015)
10.06
(015)
-4.00
(009)
2.00
(001)
0.00
(004)
2.00
(008)
2.00
(001)
0.50
(001)
0.50
(001)
0.50
(017)
2.83
(006)
1.00

 Luxembourg
(015)
14.72
(015)
14.43
(019)
13.61
(004)
6.70
(004)
6.68
(006)
-7.00
(014)
4.00
(020)
4.00
(001)
1.50
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A

 Germany
(016)
14.97
(016)
14.80
(012)
11.47
(014)
10.23
(017)
10.24
(016)
-3.00
(017)
4.25
(018)
3.50
(020)
4.50
(020)
5.75
(023)
5.50
(018)
4.00
(011)
2.00
(008)
1.33
(007)
1.50

 Slovakia
(017)
15.51
(012)
13.26
(014)
11.66
(020)
11.39
(023)
13.25
(025)
0.00
(035)
11.50
(044)
11.00
(007)
3.00
(003)
1.00
(008)
2.50
(008)
0.75
(001)
0.50
(012)
2.50
N/A

 Portugal
(018)
15.77
(023)
17.27
(026)
17.11
(030)
17.73
(028)
16.75
(033)
5.33
(040)
12.36
(030)
8.00
(016)
4.00
(008)
2.00
(010)
3.00
(023)
4.83
(025)
4.50
(028)
5.17
(007)
1.50

 Australia
(019)
16.02
(025)
17.84
(025)
17.03
(028)
16.92
(026)
15.24
(030)
4.00
(018)
5.38
(016)
3.13
(028)
6.25
(028)
8.79
(035)
9.00
(031)
6.50
(041)
9.50
(050)
9.25
(012)
3.50

 Suriname
(020)
16.07
(022)
16.70
(029)
18.20
(031)
18.20
(031)
18.19
(022)
-1.00
(035)
11.50
(042)
10.60
(026)
6.00
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A

 American Samoa
(021)
16.41
(029)
18.80
(040)
22.32
(040)
22.02
(048)
23.84
(054)
17.00
(111)
33.00
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A

 Canada
(022)
16.53
(018)
15.26
(008)
10.99
(018)
11.01
(020)
12.70
(010)
-5.67
(021)
7.00
(019)
3.70
(013)
3.33
(018)
4.88
(016)
4.50
(021)
4.50
(018)
3.33
(010)
1.83
(005)
0.75

 Czech Republic
(023)
16.91
(021)
16.66
(013)
11.62
(013)
10.07
(016)
10.17
(014)
-5.00
(023)
7.50
(024)
5.00
(016)
4.00
(014)
4.00
(005)
0.75
(009)
1.00
(019)
3.50
(012)
2.50
(041)
11.25

 Namibia
(024)
17.08
(017)
15.15
(017)
12.50
(022)
12.50
(019)
12.50
(020)
-2.00
(021)
7.00
(035)
9.00
(023)
5.50
(025)
8.50
(026)
6.00
(025)
5.50
(042)
10.00
(056)
11.00
(031)
8.00

 Uruguay
(025)
17.43
(020)
15.88
(023)
15.94
(026)
16.08
(027)
15.92
(032)
4.25
(037)
11.75
(029)
7.63
(043)
8.33
(037)
11.75
(057)
13.75
(046)
9.75
(042)
10.00
(025)
4.00
(021)
6.00

 Ghana
(026)
17.95
(026)
17.95
(022)
15.50
(027)
16.29
(030)
17.27
(041)
11.00
(026)
8.00
(027)
6.00
(031)
7.50
(029)
9.00
(034)
8.50
(066)
15.00
(057)
13.50
(048)
8.75
(067)
23.00

 Cape Verde
(027)
18.02
(032)
19.82
(036)
20.69
(024)
14.32
(025)
14.33
(009)
-6.00
(026)
8.00
(044)
11.00
(036)
8.00
(045)
14.00
(045)
11.50
(029)
6.00
(038)
8.75
(047)
8.25
(046)
13.75

 Latvia
(028)
18.62
(024)
17.38
(028)
18.12
(037)
21.10
(039)
22.89
(050)
15.00
(030)
8.50
(013)
3.00
(007)
3.00
(012)
3.50
(010)
3.00
(016)
2.50
(010)
1.00
(011)
2.25
N/A

 Spain
(029)
18.69
(034)
19.92
(033)
19.95
(035)
20.63
(036)
20.50
(039)
9.75
(039)
12.25
(044)
11.00
(036)
8.00
(033)
10.25
(041)
10.00
(040)
8.33
(039)
9.00
(042)
7.67
(029)
7.75

 Cyprus
(030)
19.79
(027)
18.26
(024)
16.52[b]
(025)
14.45
(024)
13.83
(016)
-3.00
(045)
13.40
(025)
5.50
(031)
7.50
(045)
14.00
(030)
7.50
(025)
5.50
(081)
22.00
(083)
20.83
N/A

 South Africa
(031)
20.12
(039)
21.92
(039)
22.06
(042)
23.19
(052)
24.56
(042)
12.00
(038)
12.00
(033)
8.50
(036)
8.00
(043)
13.00
(044)
11.25
(031)
6.50
(026)
5.00
(021)
3.33
(026)
7.50

 Liechtenstein
(032)
20.31
(028)
18.36
(027)
17.67
(006)
7.02
(007)
7.35
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A

 Chile
(033)
20.53
(031)
19.23
(043)
23.00
(058)
25.80
(060)
26.24
(080)
29.00
(033)
10.50
(039)
10.50
(056)
11.50
(039)
12.13
(049)
11.63
(050)
11.75
(042)
10.00
(037)
6.83
(024)
6.50

 Trinidad and Tobago
(034)
20.62
(044)
23.29
(041)
22.39
(043)
23.28
(044)
23.12
(050)
15.00
(030)
8.50
(028)
7.00
(027)
6.13
(019)
5.00
(019)
5.00
(012)
2.00
(011)
2.00
(005)
1.00
N/A

 Andorra
(035)
21.03
(033)
19.87
(032)
19.87
(005)
6.82
(005)
6.82
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A

 Lithuania
(036)
21.37
(035)
19.95
(031)
18.80
(032)
19.20
(033)
18.24
(030)
4.00
(011)
2.50
(010)
2.25
(016)
4.00
(023)
7.00
(027)
6.50
(021)
4.50
(016)
3.00
(017)
2.83
N/A

 Slovenia
(037)
21.7
(040)
22.26
(035)
20.55
(034)
20.38
(035)
20.49
(036)
9.14
(046)
13.44
(037)
9.50
(030)
7.33
(021)
6.50
(010)
3.00
(009)
1.00
(015)
2.25
(020)
3.00
(014)
4.00

Organisation of Eastern Caribbean States
(038)
22.1
(030)
18.91
N/A
(036)
20.81
(034)
19.72
(025)
0.00
(057)
16.50
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A

 France
(039)
22.24
(045)
23.83
(038)
21.15
(039)
21.89
(037)
21.60
(038)
9.50
(044)
13.38
(043)
10.67
(035)
7.67
(031)
9.75
(035)
9.00
(030)
6.25
(019)
3.50
(026)
4.17
(011)
3.25

 United Kingdom
(040)
22.26
(038)
21.70
(034)
20.00
(033)
19.94
(029)
16.89
(028)
2.00
(019)
6.00
(020)
4.00
(023)
5.50
(024)
8.25
(027)
6.50
(024)
5.17
(028)
6.00
(027)
4.25
(021)
6.00

 Belize
(041)
23.43
(036)
20.61
(030)
18.54
(029)
17.05
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A

 Burkina Faso
(042)
23.85
(042)
22.66
(046)
23.79
(052)
24.45
(046)
23.70
(068)
23.33
(049)
15.00
(057)
15.00
(063)
13.00
(068)
21.50
(070)
16.00
(078)
19.00
(064)
16.25
(076)
18.00
(085)
27.75

 United States[c]
(043)
23.88
(041)
22.49
(049)
24.41
(046)
23.49
(032)
18.22
(047)
14.00
(020)
6.75
(020)
4.00
(036)
8.00
(048)
14.50
(053)
13.00
(044)
9.50
(022)
4.00
(031)
6.00
(017)
4.75

 Comoros
(044)
24.33
(050)
24.33
(050)
24.52
(053)
24.52
(051)
24.52
(045)
13.00
(070)
19.00
(082)
19.00
(089)
20.00
(096)
28.00
(093)
22.50
(088)
22.00
(091)
26.50
(079)
18.50
(058)
20.50

 Taiwan
(045)
24.37
(051)
24.37
(051)
24.83
(050)
23.82
(047)
23.82
(045)
13.00
(048)
14.50
(059)
15.08
(036)
8.00
(032)
10.00
(043)
10.50
(051)
12.25
(060)
14.25
(061)
12.00
(035)
9.00

 Romania
(046)
24.46
(049)
24.29
(052)
24.90
(045)
23.48
(042)
23.05
(047)
14.00
(052)
16.00
(050)
12.50
(047)
9.00
(042)
12.75
(058)
14.00
(070)
16.17
(070)
17.83
(059)
11.50
(045)
13.25

 Malta
(047)
24.76
(046)
23.84
(048)
24.16
(051)
23.84
(045)
23.30
(058)
19.50
(014)
4.00
(011)
2.50
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A

 Botswana
(048)
24.93
(043)
22.91
(042)
22.91
(041)
22.91
(040)
22.91
(042)
12.00
(062)
17.50
(062)
15.50
(066)
14.00
(075)
23.50
(053)
13.00
(060)
14.00
(050)
11.50
(062)
13.00
N/A

 Tonga
(049)
24.97
(037)
21.24
(044)
23.37
(063)
26.70
(066)
26.70
(063)
21.00
(087)
23.75
N/A
(082)
18.00
(119)
38.25
(053)
13.00
(063)
14.50
(119)
38.17
N/A
N/A

 Argentina
(050)
25.07
(054)
25.09
(057)
26.11
(055)
25.26
(054)
25.67
(047)
14.00
(055)
16.35
(047)
11.33
(068)
14.08
(082)
24.83
(076)
17.30
(059)
13.67
(079)
21.33
(067)
15.17
(042)
12.00

 Papua New Guinea
(051)
25.07
(055)
25.81
(056)
25.87
(044)
23.46
(041)
22.97
(035)
9.00
(042)
13.33
(056)
14.70
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A

 Italy
(052)
26.26
(077)
28.93
(073)
27.94
(049)
23.75
(057)
26.11
(061)
19.67
(049)
15.00
(049)
12.14
(044)
8.42
(035)
11.25
(040)
9.90
(042)
8.67
(039)
9.00
(053)
9.75
(040)
11.00

 Haiti
(053)
26.36
(053)
24.66
(053)
25.08
(047)
23.53
(049)
24.09
(052)
15.67
(056)
16.38
(057)
15.00
(073)
15.13
(075)
23.50
(087)
19.50
(117)
33.50
(125)
42.13
(100)
31.00
(106)
36.50

 Poland
(054)
26.47
(047)
23.89
(018)
12.71
(019)
11.03
(022)
13.11
(024)
-0.67
(032)
8.88
(037)
9.50
(047)
9.00
(056)
18.50
(058)
14.00
(053)
12.50
(032)
6.83
(033)
6.17
(029)
7.75

 Mauritania
(055)
26.49
(048)
24.03
(055)
25.27
(060)
26.53
(067)
26.76
(067)
22.20
(095)
25.38
(100)
28.50
(105)
23.88
(050)
15.50
(077)
17.50
(127)
40.00
(138)
51.00
(121)
36.67
(115)
41.33

 Mauritius
(056)
26.67
(061)
27.69
(068)
27.69
(070)
27.69
(062)
26.47
(054)
17.00
(065)
18.00
(051)
14.00
(047)
9.00
(025)
8.50
(032)
8.00
(034)
7.50
(046)
10.50
(041)
7.25
(036)
9.50

 Madagascar
(057)
26.71
(056)
27.04
(064)
27.43
(081)
29.38
(088)
28.62
(084)
29.50
(116)
34.88
(134)
45.83
(094)
21.00
(061)
20.00
(066)
15.00
(097)
24.50
(072)
18.50
(046)
8.17
(065)
22.75

 Senegal
(058)
26.72
(065)
27.99
(071)
27.77
(062)
26.68
(059)
26.19
(075)
26.00
(093)
25.00
(089)
22.00
(086)
19.00
(083)
25.00
(077)
17.50
(078)
19.00
(080)
21.50
(066)
14.50
(047)
14.00

 Dominican Republic
(059)
26.76
(062)
27.90
(063)
27.31
(068)
27.17
(080)
28.34
(095)
33.25
(097)
26.13
(098)
26.83
(082)
18.00
(072)
22.75
(052)
12.75
(051)
12.25
(031)
6.75
(072)
17.00
N/A

 Guyana
(060)
26.8
(057)
27.07
(062)
27.21
(067)
27.08
(069)
27.08
(058)
19.50
(059)
16.63
(039)
10.50
(088)
19.75
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A

 Niger
(061)
27.21
(052)
24.62
(047)
23.85
(048)
23.59
(043)
23.08
(029)
2.50
(104)
28.50
(139)
48.50
(130)
37.00
(087)
25.50
(095)
24.50
(057)
13.00
(071)
18.33
(068)
15.75
(053)
18.50

 El Salvador
(062)
27.24
(058)
27.20
(045)
23.66
(038)
21.57
(038)
22.86
(037)
9.30
(051)
15.83
(079)
17.25
(062)
12.80
(064)
20.20
(041)
10.00
(028)
5.75
(028)
6.00
(037)
6.83
(033)
8.75

 South Korea
(063)
27.61
(070)
28.58
(060)
26.55
(057)
25.66
(050)
24.48
(044)
12.67
(042)
13.33
(069)
15.67
(047)
9.00
(039)
12.13
(031)
7.75
(034)
7.50
(048)
11.13
(049)
9.17
(039)
10.50

 Georgia
(064)
27.76
(064)
27.96
(069)
27.70
(084)
29.78
(100)
30.09
(104)
38.00
(099)
27.00
(081)
18.83
(120)
31.25
(066)
20.83
(089)
21.00
(099)
25.17
(094)
27.50
(073)
17.33
N/A

 Bosnia and Herzegovina
(065)
27.83
(068)
28.45
(066)
27.51
(066)
26.86
(068)
26.86
(058)
19.50
(047)
13.50
(039)
10.50
(036)
8.00
(034)
11.17
(019)
5.00
(033)
7.00
(021)
3.67
(037)
6.83
(043)
12.50

 Serbia[d]
(066)
28.05
(059)
27.60
(067)
27.66
(054)
25.05
(063)
26.59
(080)
29.00
(085)
23.00
(062)
15.50
(064)
13.50
(067)
21.00
(045)
11.50
(065)
14.83
(077)
20.13
(085)
21.33
(060)
20.75

 Fiji
(067)
28.64
(080)
29.37
(093)
31.28
(107)
32.57
(107)
32.69
(117)
55.00
(149)
52.75
(152)
60.00
(079)
16.00
(107)
33.50
(058)
14.00
(060)
14.00
(063)
16.00
(059)
11.50
N/A

 Lesotho
(068)
28.78
(073)
28.78
(077)
28.36
(074)
28.36
(081)
28.36
(063)
21.00
(090)
24.00
(099)
27.50
(116)
29.50
(099)
29.50
(070)
16.00
(081)
19.50
(098)
29.50
(075)
17.75
N/A

 Mongolia
(069)
28.95
(060)
27.61
(054)
25.25
(088)
30.30
(098)
29.93
(100)
35.75
(076)
19.42
(091)
23.33
(093)
20.83
(074)
23.40
(086)
19.25
(053)
12.50
(073)
19.00
(077)
18.25
(072)
24.50

 Malawi
(070)
28.97
(066)
28.12
(059)
26.41
(073)
28.29
(075)
28.18
(146)
68.00
(079)
21.00
(062)
15.50
(070)
15.00
(092)
26.75
(101)
25.50
(089)
22.75
(101)
31.00
(084)
21.00
(084)
27.67

 Hungary
(071)
29.01
(067)
28.17
(065)
27.44
(064)
26.73
(056)
26.09
(040)
10.00
(023)
7.50
(025)
5.50
(023)
5.50
(017)
4.50
(010)
3.00
(012)
2.00
(028)
6.00
(021)
3.33
(024)
6.50

 Japan
(072)
29.44
(072)
28.67
(061)
26.95
(059)
26.02
(053)
25.17
(022)
-1.00
(011)
2.50
(017)
3.25
(029)
6.50
(037)
11.75
(051)
12.50
(037)
8.00
(042)
10.00
(044)
8.00
(026)
7.50

 Hong Kong
(073)
29.46
(069)
28.50
(070)
27.76
(061)
26.55
(058)
26.16
(054)
17.00
(034)
10.75
(048)
11.75
(051)
9.75
(061)
20.00
(058)
14.00
(039)
8.25
(034)
7.50
(056)
11.00
(018)
4.83

 Croatia
(074)
29.59
(063)
27.91
(058)
26.12
(065)
26.82
(064)
26.61
(068)
23.33
(062)
17.50
(078)
17.17
(045)
8.50
(041)
12.50
(053)
13.00
(056)
12.83
(054)
11.83
(069)
16.50
(033)
8.75

 Northern Cyprus[e]
(075)
29.88
(081)
29.54
N/A
(083)
29.54
(094)
29.34
(102)
37.00
(061)
17.25
(051)
14.00
(053)
10.00
(058)
19.00
(062)
14.50
(053)
12.50
(081)
22.00
(083)
20.83
N/A

 Albania
(076)
29.92
(082)
29.92
(082)
28.77
(085)
29.92
(102)
30.88
(096)
34.44
(080)
21.50
(088)
21.75
(079)
16.00
(087)
25.50
(080)
18.00
(062)
14.17
(050)
11.50
(034)
6.50
N/A

 Guinea-Bissau
(077)
30.09
(079)
29.03
(081)
28.70
(086)
30.05
(092)
28.94
(075)
26.00
(067)
18.25
(092)
23.50
(081)
16.33
(107)
33.50
(062)
14.50
(071)
17.00
(083)
23.50
(118)
35.25
(094)
30.25

 Benin
(078)
30.32
(078)
28.97
(084)
29.24
(075)
28.83
(079)
28.33
(091)
31.00
(070)
19.00
(072)
16.00
(070)
15.00
(053)
17.00
(023)
5.50
(025)
5.50
(027)
5.50
(029)
5.25
(021)
6.00

 Armenia
(079)
30.38
(074)
28.79
(078)
28.43
(078)
29.07
(074)
28.04
(077)
27.00
(101)
27.50
(111)
31.13
(102)
22.75
(077)
23.63
(101)
25.50
(102)
26.00
(083)
23.50
(090)
25.17
N/A

 Republic of Moldova
(080)
30.41
(076)
28.83
(072)
27.85
(056)
25.35
(055)
26.01
(053)
16.00
(075)
19.13
(114)
33.75
(098)
21.38
(081)
24.75
(085)
19.17
(074)
17.50
(078)
20.50
(094)
27.00
N/A

 Côte d'Ivoire
(081)
30.42
(086)
30.17
(086)
30.45
(101)
31.63
(096)
29.77
(159)
83.50
(118)
36.00
(103)
29.00
(109)
26.50
(094)
27.00
(098)
25.00
(144)
52.25
(149)
60.38
(137)
42.17
(055)
19.00

 Kosovo[f]
(082)
30.45
(090)
30.50
N/A
(080)
29.29
(085)
28.47
(086)
30.00
(092)
24.83
(075)
16.58
(058)
12.00
(060)
19.75
(070)
16.00
(100)
25.75
(077)
20.13
(085)
21.33
(060)
20.75

 Tanzania
(083)
30.65
(071)
28.65
(075)
28.09
(069)
27.30
(070)
27.34
(034)
6.00
(041)
13.00
(062)
15.50
(070)
15.00
(055)
18.00
(088)
19.82
(074)
17.50
(061)
14.50
(069)
16.50
(062)
21.25

 Bhutan
(084)
30.73
(094)
30.73
(104)
32.65
(092)
30.73
(082)
28.42
(070)
24.00
(064)
17.75
(070)
15.75
(074)
15.50
(116)
37.17
(098)
25.00
(142)
51.50
(146)
55.83
(157)
77.33
(135)
90.75

 Sierra Leone
(085)
30.73
(083)
29.94
(079)
28.47
(072)
28.23
(061)
26.35
(063)
21.00
(091)
24.25
(115)
34.00
(114)
27.75
(121)
39.50
(103)
26.00
(126)
39.50
(088)
24.50
(087)
23.50
(072)
24.50

 Togo
(086)
30.75
(088)
30.31
(080)
28.50
(076)
29.00
(083)
28.45
(079)
28.50
(060)
17.00
(062)
15.50
(053)
10.00
(049)
15.17
(066)
15.00
(095)
23.75
(075)
19.50
(095)
27.50
(097)
31.50

 Seychelles
(087)
30.86
(092)
30.60
(096)
31.55
(103)
31.68
(093)
29.19
(073)
25.00
(065)
18.00
(072)
16.00
(074)
15.50
(104)
33.00
(095)
24.50
(071)
17.00
(083)
23.50
(093)
26.75
(060)
20.75

 Greece
(088)
30.89
(089)
30.35
(091)
31.01
(099)
31.33
(084)
28.46
(070)
24.00
(070)
19.00
(035)
9.00
(031)
7.50
(030)
9.25
(032)
8.00
(018)
4.00
(033)
7.00
(031)
6.00
(019)
5.00

 Kyrgyzstan
(089)
30.92
(085)
30.16
(088)
30.69
(097)
31.24
(106)
32.20
(108)
40.00
(159)
63.00
(125)
40.00
(111)
27.00
(110)
33.60
(123)
34.00
(111)
32.00
(107)
35.25
(104)
32.00
(098)
31.75

 Peru
(090)
30.98
(084)
29.99
(092)
31.21
(104)
31.70
(105)
31.87
(115)
51.25
(109)
30.00
(085)
20.88
(108)
26.25
(117)
37.38
(112)
28.25
(116)
33.33
(123)
40.00
(055)
10.25
(036)
9.50

 Israel[c]
(091)
31.01
(101)
32.58
(101)
32.09
(096)
31.19
(112)
32.97
(092)
31.25
(086)
23.25
(093)
23.75
(046)
8.83
(044)
13.25
(050)
12.00
(047)
10.00
(036)
8.00
(044)
8.00
(092)
30.00

 Nicaragua
(092)
31.01
(075)
28.82
(074)
27.94
(071)
27.70
(078)
28.31
(072)
24.33
(083)
22.33
(076)
16.75
(059)
12.50
(047)
14.25
(069)
15.50
(068)
15.25
(052)
11.67
(034)
6.50
N/A

 Mozambique
(093)
31.05
(087)
30.25
(085)
29.98
(079)
29.26
(073)
28.01
(066)
21.50
(098)
26.50
(082)
19.00
(090)
20.50
(073)
23.00
(045)
11.50
(049)
10.50
(064)
16.25
(063)
14.00
(070)
23.50

 Liberia
(094)
31.12
(093)
30.71
(089)
30.78
(089)
30.65
(097)
29.89
(110)
40.50
(084)
22.50
(062)
15.50
(051)
9.75
(085)
25.33
(084)
19.00
(083)
20.50
(123)
40.00
(132)
40.00
(109)
37.75

 Kenya
(095)
31.2
(095)
31.16
(100)
32.07
(090)
30.70
(071)
27.80
(084)
29.50
(070)
19.00
(096)
25.00
(097)
21.25
(078)
23.75
(118)
30.25
(109)
30.00
(082)
22.25
(079)
18.50
(075)
24.75

 Panama
(096)
32.12
(091)
30.59
(083)
28.98
(087)
30.20
(111)
32.95
(113)
45.67
(081)
21.83
(055)
14.50
(057)
11.83
(054)
17.88
(039)
9.50
(066)
15.00
(061)
14.50
(053)
9.75
(049)
15.50

 Tunisia
(097)
32.22
(096)
31.60
(126)
38.68
(133)
38.69
(138)
39.93
(134)
60.25
(164)
72.50
(154)
61.50
(143)
48.10
(145)
57.00
(148)
53.75
(147)
57.50
(152)
62.67
(149)
50.83
(128)
67.75

 East Timor
(098)
32.82
(099)
32.02
(103)
32.63
(077)
29.04
(090)
28.72
(086)
30.00
(093)
25.00
(072)
16.00
(065)
13.75
(094)
27.00
(083)
18.50
(058)
13.50
(057)
13.50
(030)
5.50
N/A

 Lebanon
(099)
33.01
(098)
31.95
(098)
31.81
(106)
31.89
(101)
30.15
(093)
31.50
(078)
20.50
(061)
15.42
(066)
14.00
(098)
28.75
(107)
27.00
(108)
28.25
(087)
24.38
(106)
32.50
(056)
19.67

   Nepal
(100)
33.02
(105)
32.62
(105)
32.71
(120)
36.16
(118)
34.61
(106)
38.75
(119)
36.38
(118)
35.63
(138)
43.25
(137)
53.75
(159)
73.50
(160)
86.75
(160)
84.00
(150)
51.50
(127)
63.00

 Guinea
(101)
33.15
(108)
33.08
(102)
32.56
(102)
31.67
(086)
28.49
(086)
30.00
(113)
33.50
(100)
28.50
(099)
21.50
(107)
33.50
(109)
27.50
(102)
26.00
(088)
24.50
(109)
33.17
(079)
26.00

 Ukraine
(102)
33.19
(107)
32.93
(129)
39.10
(127)
36.93
(126)
36.79
(116)
54.00
(131)
46.83
(089)
22.00
(087)
19.25
(092)
26.75
(105)
26.50
(112)
32.50
(138)
51.00
(132)
40.00
(112)
40.00

 Brazil
(103)
33.58
(104)
32.62
(099)
31.93
(111)
34.03
(108)
32.75
(099)
35.33
(058)
16.60
(071)
15.88
(082)
18.00
(084)
25.25
(075)
17.17
(063)
14.50
(066)
16.50
(071)
16.75
(054)
18.75

 Kuwait
(104)
33.61
(103)
32.59
(090)
30.84
(091)
30.71
(077)
28.28
(078)
28.00
(087)
23.75
(060)
15.25
(061)
12.63
(063)
20.17
(073)
17.00
(085)
21.25
(103)
31.67
(102)
31.33
(078)
25.50

 Ecuador
(105)
33.64
(109)
33.21
(108)
33.65
(095)
31.16
(119)
34.69
(104)
38.00
(101)
27.50
(084)
20.00
(074)
15.50
(056)
18.50
(068)
15.25
(087)
21.75
(066)
16.50
(042)
7.67
(020)
5.50

 Montenegro[d]
(106)
33.65
(106)
32.79
(114)
34.63
(114)
34.78
(113)
32.97
(107)
39.00
(104)
28.50
(077)
17.00
(053)
10.00
(058)
19.00
(045)
11.50
(065)
14.83
(077)
20.13
(085)
21.33
(060)
20.75

 Bolivia
(107)
33.88
(097)
31.78
(094)
31.29
(094)
31.04
(109)
32.80
(108)
40.00
(103)
28.13
(095)
24.17
(115)
28.20
(068)
21.50
(016)
4.50
(045)
9.67
(076)
20.00
(051)
9.67
(048)
14.50

 Gabon
(108)
34.83
(100)
32.20
(095)
31.38
(098)
31.32
(089)
28.69
(101)
36.50
(107)
28.75
(129)
43.50
(110)
26.75
(102)
31.50
(114)
28.50
(102)
26.00
(115)
37.50
(101)
31.25
(058)
20.50

 Bulgaria
(109)
35.01
(113)
34.46
(106)
32.91
(100)
31.42
(087)
28.58
(080)
29.00
(070)
19.00
(068)
15.61
(059)
12.50
(051)
16.25
(035)
9.00
(048)
10.25
(036)
8.00
(034)
6.50
(038)
9.75

 Paraguay
(110)
35.64
(111)
33.63
(109)
33.74
(105)
31.81
(091)
28.78
(080)
29.00
(054)
16.25
(054)
14.33
(090)
20.50
(090)
26.10
(082)
18.25
(069)
15.50
(046)
10.50
(040)
7.17
(032)
8.50

 Macedonia
(111)
35.74
(118)
36.09
(117)
36.26
(123)
36.43
(116)
34.27
(094)
31.67
(068)
18.40
(034)
8.75
(042)
8.25
(036)
11.50
(045)
11.50
(043)
8.75
(049)
11.25
(051)
9.67
N/A

 Uganda
(112)
35.94
(102)
32.58
(097)
31.65
(110)
33.29
(104)
31.69
(139)
64.00
(096)
25.50
(086)
21.50
(107)
26.00
(096)
28.00
(116)
29.83
(080)
19.25
(086)
24.00
(091)
25.75
(052)
17.00

 Central African Republic
(113)
36.12
(110)
33.60
(110)
33.84
(109)
33.13
(065)
26.61
(062)
20.00
(069)
18.50
(080)
17.75
(085)
18.50
(071)
22.50
(062)
14.50
(082)
19.75
(104)
32.50
(107)
32.75
(063)
21.50

 Zambia
(114)
36.48
(114)
35.08
(113)
34.35
(093)
30.89
(072)
27.93
(086)
30.00
(082)
22.00
(097)
26.75
(074)
15.50
(068)
21.50
(093)
22.50
(090)
23.00
(100)
29.75
(086)
23.25
(081)
26.75

 Republic of the Congo
(115)
36.73
(115)
35.84
(107)
33
(082)
29.44
(076)
28.20
(090)
30.38
(114)
33.60
(116)
34.75
(092)
20.75
(080)
24.50
(073)
17.00
(071)
17.00
(069)
17.50
(063)
14.00
(069)
23.17

 Mali
(116)
38.27
(122)
39.83
(118)
36.33
(122)
36.29
(099)
30.03
(025)
0.00
(026)
8.00
(030)
8.00
(031)
7.50
(052)
16.50
(035)
9.00
(037)
8.00
(056)
12.83
(056)
11.00
(043)
12.50

 Maldives
(117)
39.3
(112)
34.17
(112)
34.32
(108)
33.11
(103)
31.10
(073)
25.00
(052)
16.00
(051)
14.00
(104)
23.25
(129)
45.17
(144)
51.25
(148)
58.50
(157)
69.17
(145)
47.50
N/A

 Guatemala
(118)
39.33
(121)
38.03
(124)
37.92
(125)
36.61
(095)
29.39
(097)
35.00
(077)
20.25
(106)
29.50
(101)
22.64
(104)
33.00
(090)
21.25
(086)
21.50
(066)
16.50
(099)
30.83
(083)
27.25

 United Arab Emirates
(119)
39.39
(119)
36.73
(120)
36.73
(118)
36.03
(114)
33.49
(112)
45.00
(087)
23.75
(086)
21.50
(069)
14.50
(065)
20.25
(077)
17.50
(100)
25.75
(137)
50.25
(122)
37.00
N/A

 Afghanistan
(120)
39.46
(120)
37.75
(122)
37.44
(128)
37.07
(128)
37.36
(150)
74.00
(147)
51.67
(149)
54.25
(156)
59.25
(142)
56.50
(130)
44.25
(125)
39.17
(097)
28.25
(134)
40.17
(104)
35.50

 Chad
(121)
39.66
(127)
40.59
(135)
40.17
(139)
40.22
(121)
34.87
(103)
37.67
(112)
33.17
(132)
44.50
(133)
41.25
(113)
36.50
(124)
35.50
(109)
30.00
(106)
33.25
(088)
24.00
(087)
28.75

 Nigeria
(122)
39.69
(116)
35.90
(111)
34.09
(112)
34.24
(115)
34.11
(126)
56.40
(145)
51.50
(135)
46.00
(131)
37.75
(131)
49.83
(120)
32.23
(123)
38.75
(117)
37.75
(103)
31.50
(049)
15.50

 Qatar
(123)
39.83
(117)
35.97
(115)
35.35
(113)
34.32
(110)
32.86
(114)
46.00
(121)
38.00
(094)
24.00
(074)
15.50
(079)
24.00
(080)
18.00
(090)
23.00
(104)
32.50
(115)
35.00
N/A

 Indonesia
(124)
39.93
(130)
41.72
(138)
40.75
(132)
38.15
(139)
41.05
(146)
68.00
(117)
35.83
(100)
28.50
(111)
27.00
(100)
30.50
(103)
26.00
(102)
26.00
(117)
37.75
(110)
34.25
(057)
20.00

 Angola
(125)
40.42
(123)
39.89
(123)
37.84
(124)
36.50
(130)
37.80
(132)
58.43
(104)
28.50
(119)
36.50
(116)
29.50
(091)
26.50
(091)
21.50
(076)
18.00
(091)
26.50
(097)
28.00
(093)
30.17

 Oman
(126)
40.46
(125)
40.43
(127)
38.83
(134)
38.83
(141)
41.51
(117)
55.00
(124)
40.25
(106)
29.50
(123)
32.67
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
(152)
57.75
N/A

 Philippines
(127)
41.08
(138)
44.66
(141)
41.19
(149)
43.69
(147)
43.11
(140)
64.50
(156)
60.00
(122)
38.25
(139)
45.00
(128)
44.75
(142)
51.00
(139)
50.00
(111)
36.63
(118)
35.25
(089)
29.00

 Zimbabwe
(128)
41.44
(124)
40.41
(131)
39.19
(135)
39.19
(133)
38.12
(117)
55.00
(123)
39.50
(136)
46.50
(151)
54.00
(149)
62.00
(140)
50.00
(153)
64.25
(155)
67.50
(141)
45.50
(122)
48.25

 Colombia
(129)
41.47
(134)
44.11
(128)
39.08
(126)
36.68
(129)
37.48
(143)
66.50
(145)
51.50
(126)
40.13
(126)
35.50
(126)
42.33
(131)
44.75
(128)
40.17
(134)
47.38
(147)
49.17
(114)
40.83

 Cameroon
(130)
41.59
(126)
40.53
(133)
39.63
(131)
38.13
(120)
34.78
(097)
35.00
(129)
44.30
(109)
30.50
(129)
36.90
(111)
36.00
(112)
28.25
(083)
20.50
(093)
27.00
(098)
30.50
(088)
28.83

 Myanmar
(131)
41.82
(143)
45.48
(144)
42.08
(145)
41.43
(151)
44.71
(169)
100.00
(174)
94.50
(171)
102.67
(170)
94.38
(164)
93.75
(164)
94.75
(163)
88.83
(165)
103.63
(164)
95.50
(137)
96.83

 Cambodia
(132)
42.07
(128)
40.70
(139)
40.99
(144)
40.97
(143)
41.81
(117)
55.00
(128)
43.83
(117)
35.17
(126)
35.50
(085)
25.33
(108)
27.25
(090)
23.00
(109)
36.50
(081)
19.50
(071)
24.25

 Morocco
(133)
42.42
(131)
42.64
(130)
39.19
(136)
39.72
(136)
39.04
(138)
63.29
(135)
47.40
(127)
41.00
(122)
32.25
(106)
33.25
(097)
24.83
(119)
36.17
(126)
43.00
(131)
39.67
(089)
29.00

 Algeria
(134)
42.83
(129)
41.69
(119)
36.63
(121)
36.26
(125)
36.54
(122)
56.00
(133)
47.33
(141)
49.56
(121)
31.33
(123)
40.50
(126)
40.00
(129)
40.33
(128)
43.50
(108)
33.00
(095)
31.00

 Palestinian Territory
(135)
42.9
(132)
42.93
(140)
41.01
(138)
40.11
(146)
43.09
(153)
76.00
(150)
56.13
(161)
69.83
(163)
66.88
(158)
69.83
(134)
46.75
(132)
42.50
(127)
43.17
(130)
39.25
(082)
27.00

 India
(136)
42.94
(133)
43.17
(136)
40.49
(140)
40.34
(140)
41.22
(131)
58.00
(122)
38.75
(105)
29.33
(118)
30.00
(120)
39.33
(105)
26.50
(106)
27.00
(120)
38.50
(128)
39.00
(080)
26.50

 Venezuela
(137)
42.94
(139)
44.77
(137)
40.61
(116)
35.37
(117)
34.44
(117)
55.00
(133)
47.33
(124)
39.50
(113)
27.33
(114)
36.88
(115)
29.00
(090)
23.00
(090)
24.63
(096)
27.83
(077)
25.00

 Jordan
(138)
43.24
(135)
44.49
(143)
42.07
(141)
40.42
(134)
38.47
(128)
56.80
(120)
37.00
(112)
31.88
(128)
36.00
(122)
40.21
(109)
27.50
(096)
24.00
(121)
39.13
(122)
37.00
(099)
33.50

 Pakistan
(139)
43.55
(147)
48.52
(159)
50.46
(158)
51.46
(159)
51.31
(151)
75.00
(151)
56.17
(159)
65.67
(152)
54.88
(152)
64.83
(157)
70.33
(150)
60.75
(150)
61.75
(128)
39.00
(119)
44.67

 Honduras
(140)
43.75
(137)
44.62
(132)
39.27
(129)
37.14
(127)
36.92
(135)
61.00
(143)
51.13
(128)
42.00
(099)
21.50
(087)
25.50
(062)
14.50
(076)
18.00
(053)
11.75
(065)
14.17
N/A

 Sri Lanka
(141)
44.34
(141)
44.96
(165)
60.28
(165)
59.13
(162)
56.59
(163)
87.50
(158)
62.50
(162)
75.00
(165)
78.00
(156)
67.50
(141)
50.75
(115)
33.25
(109)
36.50
(089)
24.83
(051)
15.75

 Thailand
(142)
44.69
(136)
44.53
(134)
40.07
(130)
37.94
(135)
38.60
(137)
61.50
(153)
56.83
(130)
44.00
(124)
34.50
(135)
53.50
(122)
33.50
(107)
28.00
(059)
14.00
(082)
19.67
(065)
22.75

 Gambia
(143)
46.7
(145)
46.53
(151)
44.50
(155)
46.42
(152)
45.09
(141)
65.50
(125)
40.50
(137)
48.25
(137)
42.75
(130)
48.25
(149)
54.00
(130)
41.00
(098)
29.50
(077)
18.25
(064)
22.50

 Malaysia
(144)
46.89
(146)
46.57
(147)
43.29
(147)
42.73
(145)
42.73
(122)
56.00
(141)
50.75
(131)
44.25
(132)
39.50
(124)
41.00
(092)
22.25
(113)
33.00
(122)
39.83
(104)
32.00
(110)
37.83

 South Sudan
(145)
48.16
(140)
44.87
(125)
38.04
(119)
36.05
(124)
36.20
(111)
41.25
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A

 Bangladesh
(146)
48.36
(144)
45.94
(146)
42.95
(146)
42.58
(144)
42.01
(129)
57.00
(126)
42.50
(121)
37.33
(136)
42.70
(134)
53.17
(137)
48.00
(151)
61.25
(151)
62.50
(143)
46.50
(118)
43.75

 Mexico
(147)
48.97
(149)
49.33
(148)
43.69
(152)
45.04
(153)
45.30
(149)
72.67
(136)
47.50
(137)
48.25
(140)
46.13
(136)
53.63
(132)
45.83
(135)
45.50
(096)
27.83
(074)
17.67
(075)
24.75

 Russia
(148)
49.45
(148)
49.03
(152)
44.97
(148)
42.77
(148)
43.42
(142)
66.00
(140)
49.90
(153)
60.88
(141)
47.50
(144)
56.90
(147)
52.50
(138)
48.67
(140)
51.38
(148)
49.50
(121)
48.00

 Tajikistan
(149)
50.27
(150)
50.34
(116)
36.19
(115)
34.86
(123)
35.71
(122)
56.00
(115)
34.50
(113)
32.00
(106)
25.50
(115)
37.00
(117)
30.00
(113)
33.00
(095)
27.75
(113)
34.50
(086)
28.25

 Ethiopia
(150)
50.34
(142)
45.13
(142)
41.83
(143)
40.58
(137)
39.57
(127)
56.60
(139)
49.38
(140)
49.00
(142)
47.75
(150)
63.00
(160)
75.00
(131)
42.00
(112)
37.00
(124)
37.50
(107)
37.50

 Singapore
(151)
51.1
(154)
52.96
(153)
45.87
(150)
44.29
(149)
43.43
(135)
61.00
(136)
47.50
(133)
45.00
(144)
49.00
(141)
56.00
(146)
51.50
(140)
50.67
(147)
57.00
(144)
47.33
N/A

 Swaziland
(152)
51.27
(153)
52.37
(155)
47.28
(156)
46.76
(155)
46.76
(144)
67.00
(155)
57.50
(144)
52.50
(147)
50.50
(138)
54.50
(127)
40.50
(118)
35.00
(101)
31.00
(124)
37.50
(089)
29.00

 Belarus
(153)
52.43
(157)
54.32
(157)
47.98
(157)
47.81
(157)
48.35
(168)
99.00
(154)
57.00
(151)
59.50
(154)
58.33
(151)
63.63
(151)
57.00
(152)
61.33
(144)
54.10
(151)
52.00
(124)
52.17

 Democratic Republic of the Congo
(154)
52.67
(152)
50.97
(150)
44.31
(151)
44.64
(142)
41.66
(145)
67.67
(148)
51.83
(146)
53.50
(148)
51.25
(133)
50.50
(142)
51.00
(146)
57.33
(141)
51.50
(127)
38.50
(113)
40.75

 Turkey
(155)
52.98
(151)
50.76
(149)
44.16
(154)
45.87
(154)
46.56
(148)
70.00
(138)
49.25
(122)
38.25
(102)
22.75
(101)
31.25
(098)
25.00
(098)
25.00
(113)
37.25
(115)
35.00
(099)
33.50

 Brunei
(156)
53.72
(155)
53.85
(121)
36.76
(117)
35.45
(122)
35.45
(125)
56.20
(142)
51.00
(155)
63.50
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
(111)
38.00

 Kazakhstan
(157)
54.01
(160)
54.55
(160)
53.46
(161)
54.94
(160)
55.08
(154)
77.50
(162)
68.50
(142)
49.67
(125)
35.33
(125)
41.63
(128)
41.00
(119)
36.17
(131)
44.17
(138)
42.50
(116)
42.00

 Iraq
(158)
54.03
(158)
54.35
(156)
47.76
(153)
45.44
(150)
44.67
(152)
75.36
(130)
45.58
(145)
53.30
(158)
59.38
(157)
67.83
(154)
66.83
(157)
67.00
(148)
58.50
(124)
37.50
(130)
79.00

 Rwanda
(159)
54.11
(161)
54.61
(161)
56.57
(162)
56.57
(161)
55.46
(156)
81.00
(169)
81.00
(157)
64.67
(145)
50.00
(147)
58.88
(128)
41.00
(122)
38.00
(113)
37.25
(110)
34.25
(107)
37.50

 Burundi
(160)
55.78
(156)
54.10
(145)
42.93
(142)
40.50
(132)
38.02
(130)
57.75
(108)
28.88
(103)
29.00
(094)
21.00
(127)
43.40
(125)
39.83
(090)
23.00
(073)
19.00
(092)
26.25
(072)
24.50

 Egypt
(161)
55.78
(159)
54.45
(158)
50.17
(159)
51.89
(158)
48.66
(166)
97.50
(127)
43.33
(143)
51.38
(146)
50.25
(146)
58.00
(133)
46.25
(143)
52.00
(128)
43.50
(110)
34.25
(101)
34.50

 Azerbaijan
(162)
56.4
(163)
57.89
(162)
58.41
(160)
52.87
(156)
47.73
(162)
87.25
(152)
56.38
(146)
53.50
(150)
53.63
(139)
55.40
(135)
47.00
(141)
51.00
(136)
49.67
(113)
34.50
(101)
34.50

 Libya
(163)
56.81
(164)
57.89
(154)
45.99
(137)
39.84
(131)
37.86
(154)
77.50
(160)
63.50
(156)
64.50
(160)
61.50
(155)
66.50
(152)
62.50
(162)
88.75
(154)
65.00
(153)
60.00
(129)
72.50

 Bahrain
(164)
58.88
(162)
54.86
(163)
58.69
(163)
58.26
(165)
62.75
(173)
125.00
(144)
51.38
(119)
36.50
(096)
21.17
(118)
38.00
(111)
28.00
(123)
38.75
(143)
52.50
(117)
35.17
(067)
23.00

 Iran
(165)
65.12
(169)
66.52
(173)
72.32
(173)
72.29
(174)
73.40
(175)
136.60
(175)
94.56
(172)
104.14
(166)
80.33
(166)
96.50
(162)
90.88
(164)
89.17
(158)
78.30
(160)
89.33
(122)
48.25

 Yemen
(166)
65.8
(170)
67.07
(168)
66.36
(167)
67.26
(169)
69.22
(171)
101.00
(170)
82.13
(167)
83.38
(155)
59.00
(143)
56.67
(149)
54.00
(136)
46.25
(135)
48.00
(136)
41.83
(103)
34.75

 Somalia
(167)
65.95
(167)
65.35
(172)
72.31
(176)
73.19
(175)
73.59
(164)
88.33
(161)
66.00
(164)
77.50
(153)
58.00
(159)
71.50
(144)
51.25
(149)
59.00
(128)
43.50
(140)
45.00
N/A

 Saudi Arabia
(168)
66.02
(165)
59.72
(164)
59.41
(164)
58.30
(163)
56.88
(158)
83.25
(157)
61.50
(163)
76.50
(161)
61.75
(148)
59.75
(161)
76.00
(154)
66.00
(159)
79.17
(156)
71.50
(125)
62.50

 Uzbekistan
(169)
66.11
(166)
61.15
(166)
61.14
(166)
61.01
(164)
60.39
(157)
83.00
(163)
71.50
(160)
67.67
(162)
62.70
(160)
74.88
(158)
71.00
(155)
66.50
(142)
52.13
(154)
61.50
(120)
45.00

 Laos
(170)
66.41
(173)
71.58
(171)
71.25
(171)
71.22
(168)
67.99
(165)
89.00
(168)
80.50
(169)
92.00
(164)
70.00
(161)
75.00
(156)
67.50
(155)
66.50
(153)
64.33
(163)
94.83
(133)
89.00

 Equatorial Guinea
(171)
66.47
(168)
66.47
(167)
66.23
(168)
67.95
(166)
67.20
(161)
86.00
(167)
79.00
(158)
65.50
(156)
59.25
(153)
65.25
(137)
48.00
(133)
44.00
(133)
46.25
(139)
44.75
(117)
42.75

 Djibouti
(172)
70.54
(172)
70.90
(170)
71.04
(169)
70.34
(167)
67.40
(159)
83.50
(110)
30.50
(110)
31.00
(134)
41.50
(132)
50.25
(121)
33.00
(121)
37.00
(145)
55.00
(120)
35.50
(096)
31.25

 Cuba
(173)
71.75
(171)
70.23
(169)
70.21
(170)
70.92
(171)
71.64
(167)
98.83
(166)
78.00
(170)
94.00
(169)
88.33
(165)
96.17
(165)
95.00
(161)
87.00
(166)
106.83
(165)
97.83
(134)
90.25

 Sudan
(174)
73.56
(174)
72.53
(174)
72.34
(172)
71.88
(170)
70.06
(170)
100.75
(172)
85.33
(148)
54.00
(135)
42.00
(140)
55.75
(139)
48.13
(133)
44.00
(132)
44.25
(142)
45.75
(105)
36.00

 Vietnam
(175)
73.96
(175)
74.27
(175)
72.63
(174)
72.36
(172)
71.78
(172)
114.00
(165)
75.75
(166)
81.67
(168)
86.17
(162)
79.25
(155)
67.25
(158)
73.25
(161)
86.88
(159)
89.17
(131)
81.25

 China
(176)
77.66
(176)
80.96
(176)
73.55
(175)
72.91
(173)
73.07
(174)
136.00
(171)
84.67
(168)
84.50
(167)
85.50
(163)
89.00
(163)
94.00
(159)
83.00
(162)
92.33
(161)
91.25
(138)
97.00

 Syria
(177)
81.49
(177)
81.35
(177)
77.29
(177)
77.04
(176)
78.53
(176)
138.00
(173)
91.50
(165)
78.00
(159)
59.63
(154)
66.00
(153)
63.00
(145)
55.00
(155)
67.50
(155)
67.50
(126)
62.83

 Turkmenistan
(178)
84.19
(178)
83.44
(178)
80.83
(178)
80.81
(177)
79.14
(177)
140.67
(176)
95.33
(173)
107.00
(171)
95.50
(167)
103.75
(167)
98.50
(165)
93.50
(164)
99.83
(158)
82.83
(136)
91.50

 Eritrea
(179)
84.24
(180)
83.92
(180)
84.86
(180)
84.83
(179)
84.83
(179)
142.00
(178)
105.00
(175)
115.50
(173)
97.50
(169)
114.75
(166)
97.50
(166)
99.75
(163)
93.25
(162)
91.50
(132)
83.67

 North Korea
(180)
84.98
(179)
83.76
(179)
83.25
(179)
81.96
(178)
83.90
(178)
141.00
(177)
104.75
(174)
112.50
(172)
96.50
(168)
108.75
(168)
109.00
(167)
109.00
(167)
107.50
(166)
99.50
(139)
97.50

 United States (extraterritorial)[g]
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
(057)
19.00
(099)
27.00
(108)
30.00
(119)
31.00
(111)
36.00
(119)
31.50
(137)
48.50
(108)
36.00
(135)
41.00
N/A

 Israel (extraterritorial)[h]
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
(133)
59.00
(132)
47.00
(150)
55.50
(149)
51.50
(103)
32.00
(135)
47.00
N/A
(115)
37.50
(146)
49.00
N/A

 Grenada
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
(055)
12.00
N/A
N/A

text: Notes:

text:
Jump up ^ the report released in 2012 is titled 2011–2012
Jump up ^ pre-2005 data includes Northern Cyprus
^ Jump up to: a b does not include extraterritorial areas until 2013
^ Jump up to: a b pre-2007 Serbia and Montenegro were rated jointly
Jump up ^ pre-2005 data includes Cyprus
Jump up ^ pre-2005 rated as part of Serbia and Montenegro
Jump up ^ included with United States starting in 2013
Jump up ^ included with Israel starting in 2013


document_title: List of countries by income equality

question_text: where does the us rank in income inequality

root

text: List of countries by income equality

text: UN and CIA combined list – income ratios and Gini indices (1995–present)[edit]

text:
Key:
R/P 10%: The ratio of the average income of the richest 10% to the poorest 10%.
R/P 20%: The ratio of the average income of the richest 20% to the poorest 20%.
Gini: Gini index, a quantified representation of a nation's Lorenz curve. A Gini index of 0% expresses perfect equality, while index of 100% expresses maximal inequality.
UN: Data from the United Nations Development Programme.
CIA: Data from the Central Intelligence Agency's The World Factbook.

tag: p

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Country
UN R/P
World Bank Gini [3]
CIA R/P [4]
CIA Gini[5]

10%[6]
20%[7]
%
Year
10%
Year
%
Year

 Afghanistan

27.8
2008

 Albania
7.2
4.8
29.0
2012
7.2
2004
26.9
2012 est.

 Algeria
9.6
6.1
27.6
2011
9.6
1995
35.3
1995

 Angola

42.7
2008

 Argentina
31.6
17.8
42.7
2014
35.0
2007 Jan.-Mar.
45.8
2009

 Armenia
8.0
5.0
32.4
2015
25.8
2004
30.3
2012

 Australia
12.5
7.0
34.9
2010
12.7
1994
30.3
2008

 Austria
6.9
4.4
30.5
2014
6.8
2004
26.3
2007

 Azerbaijan
9.7
6.0
31.8
2008
9.5
2001
33.7
2008

 Bahrain

 Bangladesh
7.5
4.9
32.0
2010
7.5
2000 est.
32.1
2010

 Belarus
6.9
4.5
26.7
2015
6.9
2002
26.5
2011

 Belgium
8.2
4.9
28.1
2014
8.3
2000
25.9
2013 est.

 Belize

53.3
1999

 Benin
9.4
6.0
47.8
2015
9.4
2003
36.5
2003

 Bhutan

38.7
2012

38.7
2012

 Bolivia
93.9
42.3
45.8
2015
157.3
2002
46.6
2012

 Bosnia and Herzegovina
5.4
3.8
33.1
2007
5.5
2001
36.2
2007

 Botswana
43.0
20.4
60.5
2009

63.0
1993

 Brazil
16
13
51.3
2015
14.6
2013
48.7
2013

 Bulgaria
7.0
4.4
37.4
2014
8.8
2005
35.4
2012

 Burkina Faso
11.6
6.9
35.3
2014
11.5
2003
39.5
2007

 Burundi
19.3
9.5
39.2
2013
19.3
1998
42.4
1998

 Cambodia
12.2
7.3
30.8
2012
12.0
2004
37.9
2008 est.

 Cameroon
15.7
9.1
46.5
2014
15.4
2001
44.6
2001

 Canada
9.4
5.5
34.0
2013
9.5
2000
32.1
2005

 Cape Verde

47.2
2007

 Central African Republic
69.2
32.7
56.2
2008
68.1
1993
61.3
1993

 Chad

43.3
2011

43.3
2011 est.

 Chile
26.2
15.7
47.7
2015
32.1
2003
52.1
2009

 China
21.6
12.2
42.2
2012
21.8
2004
42.2
2012

 Colombia
60.4
25.3
51.1
2015
56.3
2008
53.5
2012

 Comoros

45.0
2013

 DR Congo

42.1
2012

 Congo, Republic of the

40.2
2011

 Costa Rica
23.4
15.6
48.2
2015
37.3
2003
50.3
2009

 Côte d'Ivoire
16.6
9.7
41.7
2015
17.0
2002
41.5
2008

 Croatia
7.3
4.8
32.2
2014
7.2
2003 est.
32.0
2010

 Cuba

 Cyprus

35.6
2014

32.4
2013 est.

 Czech Republic
5.2
3.5
25.9
2014
5.2
1996
24.9
2012

 Denmark
8.1
4.3
28.5
2014
12.0
2000 est.
24.8
2011 est.

 Djibouti

44.1
2013

40.9
2002

 Dominican Republic
25.3
14.3
44.9
2015
18.8
2012
45.7
2012 est.

 Ecuador
35.2
17.3
46.5
2015
17.5
2006 Oct.[8]
48.5
2013 Dec.[8]

 Egypt
8.0
5.1
31.8
2015
8.0
2000
30.8
2008

 El Salvador
38.6
20.9
40.8
2015
55.4
2002
46.9
2007

 Equatorial Guinea

 Estonia
10.8
6.4
34.6
2014
11.0
2003
32.9
2013

 Ethiopia
6.6
4.3
33.2
2010
6.5
2000
33.0
2011

 European Union

8.6
2015 est.
30.6
2012 est.

 Fiji

36.4
2013

 Finland
5.6
3.8
26.8
2014
5.7
2000
26.8
2008

 France
9.1
5.6
32.3
2014
8.3
2004
30.1
2013

 Gabon

41.5
2005

 The Gambia
20.2
11.2
47.3
2003
20.6
1998
50.2
1998

 Georgia
15.4
8.3
38.5
2015
15.2
2003
46.0
2011

 Germany
6.9
4.3
31.4
2013
6.9
2000
27.0
2006

 Ghana
14.1
8.4
42.8
2006
13.7
1999
42.3
2012–2013

 Greece
10.2
6.2
35.8
2014
10.4
2000 est.
34.4
2013 est.

 Guatemala
33.9
20.3
48.7
2014
48.2
2002
55.1
2007

 Guinea
10.5
6.6
33.7
2012
21.6
2006
39.4
2007

 Guinea-Bissau
19.0
10.3
50.7
2010
84.8
1991

 Guyana

44.5
1998
26.0
1999
44.6
2007

 Haiti
54.4
26.6
60.8
2012
68.1
2001
59.2
2001

 Honduras
59.4
17.2
50.1
2015
35.2
2003
57.7
2007

 Hong Kong
17.8
9.7

53.7
2011

 Hungary
5.5
3.8
30.9
2014
5.6
2002
24.7
2009

 Iceland

25.6
2014

28.0
2006

 India
8.6
5.6
35.1
2011
8.6
2004
35.1
2011

 Indonesia
7.8
5.2
39.5
2013
7.9
2002
41.0
2015

 Iran
17.2
9.7
38.8
2014
16.9
1998
44.5
2006

 Iraq

29.5
2012

 Ireland
9.4
5.6
31.9
2014
9.4
2000
33.9
2010

 Israel
13.4
7.9
42.8
2010
11.8
2005
37.6
2012

 Italy
11.6
6.5
34.7
2014
11.7
2000
31.9
2012 est.

 Jamaica
17.3
9.8
45.5
2004
17.0
2004
45.5
2004

 Japan
4.5
3.4
32.1
2008
4.5
1993
37.9
2011

 Jordan
11.3
6.9
35.4
2010
11.3
2003
39.7
2007

 Kazakhstan
8.5
5.6
26.5
2015
8.0
2004 est.
28.9
2011

 Kenya
13.6
8.2
47.7
2005
18.6
2000
42.5
2008 est.

 North Korea

 South Korea
7.8
4.7
31.3
2007
5.9
2011
30.2
2013 est.

 Kosovo

26.7
2013

 Kuwait

 Kyrgyzstan
6.4
4.4
29.0
2015
6.4
2003
33.4
2007

 Laos
8.3
5.4
37.9
2012
8.4
2002
36.7
2008

 Latvia
11.6
6.8
35.1
2015
11.6
2003
35.2
2010

 Lebanon

 Lesotho
39.8
44.2
54.2
2015
48.2
2002 est.
63.2
1995

 Liberia
12.8

33.2
2014

 Libya

 Lithuania
10.4
6.3
37.7
2014
10.3
2003
35.5
2009

 Luxembourg

31.2
2014
6.8
2000
30.4
2013 est.

 Macau

35
2013

 Macedonia
12.5
7.5
35.6
2015
12.3
2003
43.6
2013

 Madagascar
19.2
11.0
40.6
2010
19.3
2001
47.5
2001

 Malawi
10.9
6.7
46.1
2010
11.0
2004
39.0
2004

 Malaysia
22.1
12.4
46.3
2009
28.0
2003 est.
46.2
2009

 Maldives

36.8
2009

37.4
2004 est.

 Mali
12.5
7.6
33.0
2010
12.6
2001
40.1
2001

 Malta

27.9
2013

 Mauritania
12.0
7.4
32.4
2015
11.8
2000
39.0
2000

 Mauritius

35.8
2012

35.9
2012 est.

 Mexico
21.6
12.8
48.2
2014
24.6
2004
48.3
2008

 Micronesia

40.1
2013

 Moldova
8.2
5.3
27.0
2015
8.3
2003
33.0
2010

 Mongolia
8.2
5.4
32.0
2015
8.2
2002
36.5
2008

 Montenegro

31.9
2015

26.2
2013 est.

 Morocco
11.7
7.2
40.7
2007
11.9
1999
40.9
2007 est.

 Mozambique
18.8
9.9
45.6
2008
18.8
2002
45.6
2008

 Myanmar

38.1
2015
11.6
1998

 Namibia
106.6
56.1
61.3
2010
129.0
2003
59.7
2010

 Nepal
15.8
9.1
32.8
2010
15.6
2004
32.8
2010

 Netherlands
9.2
2.5[9]
28.6
2014
9.2
1999
25.1
2013

 New Zealand
12.4
6.8
36.2
1997

36.2
1997

 Nicaragua
31.0
8.8
46.6
2014
15.4
2001
40.5
2010

 Niger
46.0
20.7
34.0
2014
44.3
1995
34.0
2007

 Nigeria
17.8
9.7
43.0
2009
17.5
2003
43.7
2003

 Norway
6.1
3.9
26.8
2014
6.0
2000
26.8
2010

 Oman

 Pakistan
6.5
4.3
30.7
2013
6.6
2002
29.6
FY 2011

 Panama
49.9
23.9
51.0
2015
61.4
2003
51.9
2010 est.

 Papua New Guinea
23.8
12.6
43.9
2009
23.8
1996
50.9
1996

 Paraguay
38.8
25.7
48.0
2015
65.9
2003
53.2
2009

 Peru
26.1
15.2
44.3
2015
31.5
2003
45.3
2012

 Philippines
15.5
9.3
40.1
2015
15.5
2003
46.0
2012

 Poland
8.8
5.6
32.1
2014
8.7
2002
34.1
2009

 Portugal
15.0
8.0
35.6
2014
9.2
1995 est.
34.2
2013 est.

 Qatar

41.1
2007

 Romania
7.5
4.9
27.5
2013
7.4
2003
27.3
2012

 Russia
12.7
7.6
37.7
2015
12.8
2002
42
2012

 Rwanda
18.6
9.9
50.4
2013
18.2
2000
46.8
2000

 Sao Tome and Principe

30.8
2010

 Saudi Arabia

45.9
2013 est.

 Senegal
12.3
7.4
40.3
2011
12.4
2001
40.3
2011

 Serbia

29.1
2013

38.7
2014 est.

 Seychelles

46.8
2013

 Sierra Leone
87.2
57.6
34.0
2011
87.2
1989
62.9
1989

 Singapore
17.7
9.7

17.3
1998
46.4
2014

 Slovakia
6.7
4.0
26.1
2014
6.7
1996
25.3
2012

 Slovenia
5.9
3.9
25.7
2014
5.9
1998
23.7
2012

 Somalia

 South Africa
33.1
17.9
63.4
2011
31.9
2000
62.5
2013 est.

 South Sudan

45.5
2009

46.0
2010 est.

 Spain
10.3
6.0
36.0
2014
10.2
2000
34.0
2011

 Sri Lanka
11.1
6.9
38.6
2012
36.1
FY 2003/04
49.0
2010

 St. Lucia

42.6
1995

 Sudan

35.4
2009

 Suriname

57.6
1999

 Swaziland
25.1
13.0
51.5
2010
25.4
2001
50.4
2001

 Sweden
6.2
4.0
27.2
2014
6.2
2000
24.9
2013

 Switzerland
9.0
5.5
32.5
2013
8.9
2000
28.7
2012 est.

 Syria

35.8
2004

 Taiwan

6.1
2002 est.
33.8
2012

 Tajikistan
7.8
5.2
34.0
2015
7.8
2003
32.6
2006

 Tanzania
9.2
5.8
37.8
2011
9.3
2000
37.6
2007

 Thailand
12.6
7.7
37.8
2013
12.4
2002
39.4
2010

 Timor-Leste

31.6
2007

31.9
2007 est.

 Togo

43.0
2015

 Trinidad and Tobago
12.9
7.6
40.3
1992

 Tunisia
13.4
7.9
35.8
2010
13.7
2000
40.0
2005 est.

 Turkey
6.6
4.6
41.2
2014
17.1
2003
40.2
2010

 Turkmenistan
12.3
7.7
43.2
2011
12.2
1998
40.8
1998

 Uganda
16.6
9.2
42.4
2012
16.4
2002
39.5
2013

 Ukraine
5.9
4.1
25.5
2015
7.6
2006
28.2
2009

 United Arab Emirates

 United Kingdom
13.8
7.2
34.1
2014
13.6
1999
32.4
2012

 United States
18.5
9.4
41.0
2013
14.0
2014 est.
47.0
2014

 Uruguay
11.8

41.7
2015
17.9
2003
45.3
2010

 Uzbekistan
10.6
6.2
36.7
2003
10.6
2003
36.8
2003

 Venezuela
18.8
16.0
46.9
2006
50.3
2003
39.0
2011

 Vietnam
6.9
4.9
34.8
2014
10.0
2004
37.6
2008

 Palestine

35.5
2009

 Yemen
8.6
5.6
36.7
2014
8.6
2003
37.7
2005

 Zambia

57.1
2015

57.5
2010

 Zimbabwe

43.2
2011

50.1
2006

 World

12.0
2002 est.
38.0
2007

tag: table

text: OECD countries[edit]

text: Gini coefficient, before taxes and transfers[edit]

text:
1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

10

11

12

13

14

15

16

17

18

19

20

21

22

23

24

25

26

27

28

29

30

31

32

33

34

Gini coefficient, before taxes and transfers[10]

Country
mid-70s
mid-80s
around 1990
mid-90s
around 2000
mid-2000s
Late 2000s

 Australia

0.467
0.476
0.465
0.468

 Austria

0.433
0.472

 Belgium

0.449

0.472
0.464
0.494
0.469

 Canada
0.385
0.395
0.403
0.430
0.440
0.436
0.441

 Chile

0.441

0.414
0.426

 Czech Republic

0.442
0.472
0.474
0.444

 Denmark

0.373
0.396
0.417
0.415
0.417
0.416

 Estonia

0.504
0.458

 Finland
0.343
0.387

0.479
0.478
0.483
0.465

 France

0.380
0.370
0.473
0.490
0.485
0.483

 Germany

0.439
0.429
0.459
0.471
0.499
0.504

 Greece
0.448
0.426

0.446
0.466
0.454
0.436

 Hungary

0.452
0.496
0.463
0.497
0.466

 Iceland

0.365
0.382

 Ireland

 Israel

0.472
0.476
0.494
0.504
0.513
0.498

 Italy

0.420
0.437
0.508
0.516
0.557
0.534

 Japan

0.345

0.403
0.432
0.443
0.462

 Luxembourg

0.383

0.427
0.421
0.454
0.482

 Mexico

0.453

0.532
0.517
0.491
0.494

 Netherlands
0.426
0.473
0.474
0.484
0.424
0.426
0.426

 New Zealand

0.408
0.468
0.488
0.484
0.473
0.455

 Norway

0.351

0.404
0.426
0.447
0.410

 Poland

0.542
0.470

 Portugal
0.457

0.436
0.490
0.479
0.542
0.521

 Slovak Republic

0.458
0.416

 Slovenia

0.452
0.423

 South Korea

0.331
0.344

 Spain

0.461

 Sweden
0.389
0.404
0.408
0.438
0.446
0.432
0.426

 Switzerland

0.409

 Turkey

0.470

 United Kingdom
0.338
0.419
0.439
0.453
0.458
0.445
0.456

 United States
0.406
0.436
0.450
0.477
0.476
0.486
0.486

text: Gini coefficient, after taxes and transfers[edit]

text:
1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

10

11

12

13

14

15

16

17

18

19

20

21

22

23

24

25

26

27

28

29

30

31

32

33

34

Gini coefficient, after taxes and transfers[10]

Country
mid-70s
mid-80s
around 1990
mid-90s
around 2000
mid-2000s
Late 2000s

 Australia

0.309
0.317
0.315
0.336

 Austria

0.236

0.238
0.252
0.265
0.261

 Belgium

0.274

0.287
0.289
0.271
0.259

 Canada
0.304
0.293
0.287
0.289
0.318
0.317
0.324

 Chile

0.427

0.403
0.394

 Czech Republic

0.232
0.257
0.260
0.268
0.256

 Denmark

0.221
0.226
0.215
0.226
0.232
0.248

 Estonia

0.349
0.315

 Finland
0.235
0.209

0.218
0.247
0.254
0.259

 France

0.300
0.290
0.277
0.287
0.288
0.293

 Germany

0.251
0.256
0.266
0.264
0.285
0.295

 Greece
0.413
0.336

0.336
0.345
0.321
0.307

 Hungary

0.273
0.294
0.293
0.291
0.272

 Iceland

0.257
0.301

 Ireland

0.331

0.324
0.304
0.314
0.293

 Israel

0.326
0.329
0.338
0.347
0.378
0.371

 Italy

0.309
0.297
0.348
0.343
0.352
0.337

 Japan

0.304

0.323
0.337
0.321
0.329

 Luxembourg

0.247

0.259
0.261
0.258
0.288

 Mexico

0.452

0.519
0.507
0.474
0.476

 Netherlands
0.263
0.272
0.292
0.297
0.292
0.284
0.294

 New Zealand

0.271
0.318
0.335
0.339
0.335
0.330

 Norway

0.222

0.243
0.261
0.276
0.250

 Poland

0.316
0.349
0.305

 Portugal
0.354

0.329
0.359
0.356
0.385
0.353

 Slovak Republic

0.268
0.257

 Slovenia

0.246
0.236

 South Korea

0.306
0.315

 Spain

0.371
0.337
0.343
0.342
0.319
0.317

 Sweden
0.212
0.198
0.209
0.211
0.243
0.234
0.259

 Switzerland

0.279
0.276
0.303

 Turkey

0.434

0.490

0.430
0.409

 United Kingdom
0.268
0.309
0.354
0.336
0.351
0.331
0.345

 United States
0.316
0.337
0.348
0.361
0.357
0.380
0.378


document_title: Category:Countries in South America

question_text: name two south american countries beginning with c

text: Category:Countries in South America

text: Wikimedia Commons has media related to Countries of South America.

text: For convenience, all countries in South America should be included in this category. This includes all the countries (not territories or former countries) that can also be found in the subcategories.

text: Subcategories

text: This category has the following 19 subcategories, out of 19 total.

text:
►  Economy of South America by country (14 C)

►  Geography of South America by country (14 C)

►  History of South America by country (14 C)

►  South American society by country (13 C)

►  Regions of South America by country (9 C, 1 P)

►  Transport in South America by country (21 C)

tag: ul

text: ►  Former countries in South America (12 C, 99 P)

text: A

text: ►  Argentina (14 C, 4 P)

text: B

text:
►  Bolivia (16 C, 4 P)

►  Brazil (14 C, 2 P)

text: C

text:
►  Chile (15 C, 4 P)

►  Colombia (15 C, 7 P, 1 F)

text: E

text: ►  Ecuador (17 C, 6 P)

text: G

text: ►  Guyana (15 C, 6 P)

text: P

text:
►  Paraguay (16 C, 4 P)

►  Peru (16 C, 6 P)

text: S

text: ►  Suriname (16 C, 4 P)

text: U

text: ►  Uruguay (14 C, 3 P)

text: V

text: ►  Venezuela (14 C, 11 P, 1 F)

text: Pages in category "Countries in South America"

text: The following 17 pages are in this category, out of  17 total. This list may not reflect recent changes (learn more).

text:
List of countries in the Americas by population
List of South American countries by population
List of sovereign states and dependent territories in South America

text:
List of South American countries by GDP (PPP) per capita
List of South American countries and dependencies by GDP (PPP)

text: A

text: Argentina

text: B

text:
Bolivia
Brazil

text: C

text:
Chile
Colombia

text: E

text: Ecuador

text: G

text: Guyana

text: P

text:
Paraguay
Peru

text: S

text: Suriname

text: U

text: Uruguay

text: V

text: Venezuela

text: South AmericaCountries in the AmericasCountries by continentGeography of South AmericaAdministrative territorial entities in South America


document_title: Beverly Crusher

question_text: where did dr crusher go in season 2

question_tokens: where did dr crusher go in season 2

text: Beverly Crusher

text: Casting[edit]

text: Gates McFadden was reluctant to accept the role of Dr. Crusher because of her commitment to appear in the play The Matchmaker at the La Jolla Playhouse.[1] During the second season, the Crusher character was written out of the show, with the explanation that her character "was off heading up Starfleet Medical for the year."[1] She was replaced by the louder, more outgoing Dr. Katherine Pulaski (Diana Muldaur). Patrick Stewart was upset by McFadden's departure from the show and played a large part in bringing about her return[1] to the show for its third season, with her character being reassigned to the Enterprise. Upon her return, the character became more varied and more richly developed, and was not afraid to go head-to-head with Picard. Episodes featuring Beverly Crusher focused on her romantic life, often with unexpected alien lifeforms.[citation needed]

text: Early life[edit]

text: Beverly Crusher was born Beverly Howard on October 13, 2324, in Copernicus City, Luna.[2] Further back, before the colonization of Luna, her ancestors were Scottish-Americans. Following the death of her parents when she was very young, she lived with her grandmother, Felisa Howard on Arvada III, a colony planet until a great moon collision caused the planet to flood, forcing its evacuation. Resourceful Felisa, with her granddaughter's aid, used herbs, grasses, tree chemicals, and roots as medicines when synthetic medicines ran out for the injured.

text: During her youth, Beverly was known as quiet, shy, and socially awkward. She was also very self-conscious about her bright red hair, and at the age of thirteen, attempted to dye it dark with disastrous results. She admits to Data later in the episode "Offspring", that she was often ridiculed and unpopular in school and it had been very painful for her. She also admits that it brought back painful memories of those years when she saw her son Wesley going through similar ridicule as a child.

text: It was her grandmother's career as a healer and Beverly's own caring, high intelligence, and sensitivity that largely sparked Beverly's lifelong interest in medicine and healing the sick and wounded. The Arvada III disaster solidified Beverly's decision to be a doctor.

text: After Arvada III was evacuated, Beverly and Felisa then settled on Caldos II where Beverly lived until she entered Starfleet Academy.

text: Starfleet Academy[edit]

text: Crusher attended Starfleet Academy from 2342 to 2350 during which she attended medical school. While attending the academy she became romantically involved with cadet Jack Crusher. They were introduced by their friend, Walker Keel. She graduated top of her class and married Jack in 2348. She had also been called "the Dancing Doctor" when she was at the academy and had won multiple awards at a dance competition in St. Louis, Missouri. In 2350, she started an internship with Dr. Dalen Quaice.

text: Family[edit]

text: After marrying Jack, she returned to the academy while he left for the USS Stargazer. A year later, she gave birth to a son named Wesley Crusher. Jack died on an away mission when Wesley was 5 years old. Captain Picard, who was commanding the Stargazer at the time, brought home the body of Jack. She never fully recovered from his death. Dr. Crusher and Captain Picard were also acquaintances while the character's husband was alive, as Picard and Jack Crusher were friends. At the beginning of the series, Picard and Dr. Crusher have not seen or heard from each other since Jack's death. "Encounter at Farpoint" is the first time Picard and Dr. Crusher's son Wesley truly meet face to face. Later in her life she realizes Picard has fallen in love with her.

text: During the progression of the series, the attraction or affection between the two is made more apparent, though both Crusher and Picard try to conceal their feelings; neither wants to admit to the other how they feel, though they have both been seen on separate occasions talking with other crew members about it, most notably, William Riker and Deanna Troi. The two appear to become closer and closer throughout the series, starting with the first-season episode "The Naked Now". Their relationship ultimately takes its biggest leap forward in "Attached", when the two are linked telepathically, leading to the revelation of deep romantic feelings they share for each other. At the end of this episode, a budding hint of a romantic relationship is slowed down when a blushing Beverly tells Jean-Luc, "Perhaps we should be afraid", implying that she's not ready to take that step forward in their relationship.

text: However, only a handful of episodes later in "Sub Rosa", it is revealed that neither Beverly or Jean-Luc has been able to let go of those feelings and they are back to where they started, trying to pretend the feelings don't exist and that they have no problem being "just friends" with one another.

text: In the series finale "All Good Things...", it is revealed that in an alternate future, Dr. Crusher and Captain Picard had been married and then divorced — still evidently having feelings for each other after so many years. Little information is given about the circumstances of their marriage or separation. In the present, during the episode, the two share a kiss. However that timeline, as well as that version of the future, is destroyed when Picard changes the past.

text: In the four Next Generation movies, the flirtation between Dr. Crusher and Captain Picard remains, though it is not as obvious as previous episodes and most certainly not part of the substantial movie plots. The most noteworthy moment between the two happens in one of the deleted scenes of the last Next Generation movie, Star Trek Nemesis.

text: Following the television series and films, the relationship between Dr. Crusher and Captain Picard continued throughout the non-canonical Star Trek: The Next Generation Pocket Books series. Beverly and Jean-Luc have married, but still serve together on the Enterprise-E. They have a son named René Jacques Robert Francois Picard, named after Picard's older brother (Robert) and nephew (René).

text: On board the Enterprise[edit]

text: Dr. Crusher was appointed Chief Medical Officer of the Federation starship Enterprise-D in 2364, and joined the ship at Farpoint Station with Wesley, reporting on board on stardate 41154. (TNG: "Encounter At Farpoint") Picard initially had reservations about her presence, but she assured him that the past would have no effect on her duties and she had no problem serving under his command, as she herself enlisted for the posting.

text: An energy-based lifeform from the Beta Renner cloud was accidentally trapped aboard the Enterprise later in 2364. It initially inhabited Lieutenant Worf's body, but next moved to Crusher. It controlled her for a brief period of time, attempting to learn how to use the Enterprise navigational systems in order to return home. The being then transferred itself to the ship's computer system, then took control of Captain Picard.

text: In mid 2364, Captain Picard invited Crusher on a holodeck adventure set in the fictional world of Dixon Hill. They were joined by Data and ship's historian, Whalen. Unfortunately, a malfunction in the holodeck systems due to a Jarada scan caused the safeties to become disengaged, trapping the group at the whim of Cyrus Redblock. They were later freed, but not before Redblock shot Whalen and threatened to kill Beverly.

text: Doctor Crusher was offered a position as head of Starfleet Medical in 2365 and left the Enterprise during that year. She was replaced by Dr. Katherine Pulaski. While at Starfleet Medical, she decided to return to the ship as soon as it was allowed the following year.

text: The reason for Beverly's return was never explicitly stated.

text: Dr. Quaice retired in 2367 shortly after the death of his wife, and the Enterprise-D picked him up at Starbase 133 to ferry him home. Although he was in good spirits, he was slightly saddened at the prospect of facing the future without many of his friends, a feeling Beverly knew all too well. At the same time, Wesley Crusher was experimenting with a novel warp bubble. Beverly became trapped in this bubble, and her thoughts at the time created a universe where everyone and everything quickly began disappearing. With the assistance of The Traveler, Wesley was able to create a gateway back to the normal universe. Dr. Crusher was able to deduce what was happening in her universe, and escaped just before the bubble collapsed.

text: Beverly was questioned in connection with the explosion that crippled the Enterprise's warp core in 2367. Her testimony was twisted by Admiral Norah Satie in order to implicate the quarter-Romulan crewman Simon Tarses in the incident, later determined to be an accident.

text: When the Enterprise entered a temporal causality loop while exploring the Typhon Expanse, Beverly's feelings of déjà vu during a poker game and evidence of temporal phenomena lead to a solution which allowed the ship to break the cycle.

text: The senior staff of the Enterprise traveled back to the late 19th century in order to stop Devidian lifeforms from feeding on the neural energy of humans from that era, and prevent the apparent death of Commander Data in that time. Beverly assumed the guise of a nurse and determined why the Devidians traveled back to that era, and was almost a victim of their energy-draining device.

text: In 2369, Beverly developed a close friendship when she mentored Amanda Rogers, who was aboard the Enterprise as part of her Starfleet officer's training. It was later discovered that Rogers was the child of two former members of the Q Continuum who had abandoned the Continuum and had established a new life in Kansas as humans. They were killed when a tornado struck their home. It was later revealed that this was punishment levied by the Continuum. Q appeared on the Enterprise and, in his own way, began to mentor Rogers in the ways of the Continuum. Beverly objected to Q's interference and was silenced briefly by Q when he transformed her into a dog. Rogers, using her new-found powers, restored Beverly to Human form.

text: That same year, Admiral Alynna Nechayev assigned Crusher, along with Captain Picard and Lieutenant Worf, to a covert mission to seek out and destroy a Cardassian metagenic weapon on Celtris III. Her purpose was to locate and destroy any biological material related to the weapon. The group went through a rigorous training program for the mission, and it was physically straining on Beverly. She used her charms to get a Ferengi, DaiMon Solok, to secure the team passage to Celtris III, and navigated the dangerous caves of Celtris to what was believed to be the launching point for the weapon. It turned out to be a ruse intended to capture Picard, although Worf and Crusher escaped. As a form of psychological torture under Gul Madred, Picard was offered freedom, but was told Beverly had been captured. Madred said that she would be tortured if Picard left, forcing the captain to stay.

text: As a fully certified bridge officer, Crusher commanded the Enterprise-D on several occasions, most notably in 2370 while nearly the entire crew was searching for Data on a renegade Borg planet. The ship was attacked by a Borg vessel, but her quick thinking allowed the Enterprise to escape and destroy the Borg ship. She also occasionally commanded night watch shifts in order to stay on top of starship operations.

text: Reception[edit]

text: The character of Beverly Crusher has generally been positively received. Zack Handlen of The A.V. Club praised Gates McFadden's performance, as well as the inclusion of a strong, likable female character in the series, but lamented that the character's potential was never fully realized, saying that Crusher "should've been one of TNG's best characters" but that "too often, her character has been relegated to back-up roles, interjecting occasional medical jargon to give color to scenes, or else worrying to one side about whether or not Wesley was getting enough fun in his life."[3]

text: McFadden left the series at the end of the first season and was replaced by Diana Muldaur as Doctor Katherine Pulaski in the second season. An official announcement stated that McFadden had left the series to pursue other career options. McFadden herself got a call from her agent who told her that the producers decided to go in another direction with the character. Like the other cast members, McFadden was surprised.[4] Thanks to a letter-writing campaign, support from Patrick Stewart, and a personal invitation from Rick Berman, McFadden was brought back to the TNG cast for the third and subsequent seasons. McFadden was absent for all episodes of the second season and only appeared in three episodes where stock footage was used from first-season episodes.[4]

text: In an interview in May 2006 Executive Producer Rick Berman revealed that Gates McFadden was fired at end of the first season of The Next Generation because head writer Maurice Hurley "....had a real bone to pick"[5] with McFadden and did not like her acting. Berman brought her, and the character of Beverly Crusher, back for third season after Hurley departed the show's writing staff.[6]


document_title: List of National Basketball Association career assists leaders

question_text: who had the most assists in the nba

question_tokens: who had the most assists in the nba

text: Assist leaders[edit]

text: This is a list of National Basketball Association players by total career regular season assists recorded.

text:
^

Active NBA player

*

Inducted into the Naismith Memorial Basketball Hall of Fame

†

Not yet eligible for Hall of Fame consideration[1]

text:
Rank

Player

Position(s)

Team(s) played for (years)[2]

Total assists

Games  played

Assists  per gameaverage[3]

1

John Stockton*

PG

Utah Jazz (1984–2003)

15,806

1,504

10.5

2

Jason Kidd*

PG

Dallas Mavericks (1994–1996, 2008–2012)Phoenix Suns (1996–2001)New Jersey Nets (2001–2008)New York Knicks (2012–2013)

12,091

1,391

8.7

3

Steve Nash*

PG

Phoenix Suns (1996–1998, 2004–2012)Dallas Mavericks (1999–2004)Los Angeles Lakers (2012–2014)

10,335

1,217

8.5

4

Mark Jackson

PG

New York Knicks (1987–1992, 2001–2002)Los Angeles Clippers (1992–1994)Indiana Pacers (1994–1996, 1997–2000)Denver Nuggets (1996–1997)Toronto Raptors (2000–2001)Utah Jazz (2002–2003)Houston Rockets (2003–2004)

10,334

1,296

8.0

5

Magic Johnson*

PG

Los Angeles Lakers (1979–1991, 1996)

10,141

906

11.2

6

Oscar Robertson*

PG

Cincinnati Royals (1960–1970)Milwaukee Bucks (1970–1974)

9,887

1,040

9.5

7

Isiah Thomas*

PG

Detroit Pistons (1981–1994)

9,061

979

9.3

8

Gary Payton*

PG

Seattle SuperSonics (1990–2003)Milwaukee Bucks (2003)Los Angeles Lakers (2003–2004)Boston Celtics (2004–2005)Miami Heat (2005–2007)

8,966

1,335

6.7

9

Chris Paul^

PG

New Orleans(/Oklahoma City) Hornets (2005–2011)Los Angeles Clippers (2011–2017)Houston Rockets (2017–present)

8,732

895

9.8

10

Andre Miller†

PG

Cleveland Cavaliers (1999–2002)Los Angeles Clippers (2002–2003)Denver Nuggets (2003–2006, 2011–2013)Philadelphia 76ers (2006–2009)Portland Trail Blazers (2009–2011)Washington Wizards (2013–2015)Sacramento Kings (2015)Minnesota Timberwolves (2015–2016)San Antonio Spurs (2016)

8,524

1,304

6.5

11

LeBron James^

SF

Cleveland Cavaliers (2003–2010, 2014–2018)Miami Heat (2010–2014)Los Angeles Lakers (2018–present)

8,265

1,150

7.2

12

Rod Strickland

PG

New York Knicks (1988–1990)San Antonio Spurs (1990–1992)Portland Trail Blazers (1992–1996, 2001)Washington Bullets/Wizards (1996–2001)Miami Heat (2001–2002)Minnesota Timberwolves (2002–2003)Orlando Magic (2003–2004)Toronto Raptors (2004)Houston Rockets (2005)

7,987

1,094

7.3

13

Maurice Cheeks*

PG

Philadelphia 76ers (1978–1989)San Antonio Spurs (1989–1990)New York Knicks (1990–1991)Atlanta Hawks (1991–1992)New Jersey Nets (1993)

7,392

1,101

6.7

14

Lenny Wilkens*

PG

St. Louis Hawks (1960–1968)Seattle SuperSonics (1968–1972)Cleveland Cavaliers (1972–1974)Portland Trail Blazers (1974–1975)

7,211

1,077

6.7

15

Terry Porter

PG

Portland Trail Blazers (1985–1995)Minnesota Timberwolves (1995–1998)Miami Heat (1999)San Antonio Spurs (1999–2002)

7,160

1,274

5.6

16

Tim Hardaway

PG

Golden State Warriors (1989–1993, 1994–1996)Miami Heat (1996–2001)Dallas Mavericks (2001–2002)Denver Nuggets (2002)Indiana Pacers (2003)

7,095

867

8.2

17

Bob Cousy*

PG

Boston Celtics (1950–1963)Cincinnati Royals (1969–1970)

6,955

924

7.5

18

Guy Rodgers*

PG

Philadelphia/San Francisco Warriors (1958–1966)Chicago Bulls (1966–1967)Cincinnati Royals (1967–1968)Milwaukee Bucks (1968–1970)

6,917

892

7.8

19

Tony Parker^

PG

San Antonio Spurs (2001–2018)Charlotte Hornets (2018–present)

6,855

1,204

5.7

20

Deron Williams

PG

Utah Jazz (2005–2011)New Jersey/Brooklyn Nets (2011–2015)Dallas Mavericks (2015–2017)Cleveland Cavaliers (2017)

6,819

845

8.1

21

Muggsy Bogues

PG

Washington Bullets (1987–1988)Charlotte Hornets (1988–1997)Golden State Warriors (1997–1999)Toronto Raptors (1999–2001)

6,726

889

7.6

22

Kevin Johnson

PG

Cleveland Cavaliers (1987–1988)Phoenix Suns (1988–1998, 2000)

6,711

735

9.1

23

Rajon Rondo^

PG

Boston Celtics (2006–2014)Dallas Mavericks (2014–2015)Sacramento Kings (2015–2016)Chicago Bulls (2016–2017)New Orleans Pelicans (2017–2018)Los Angeles Lakers (2018–present)

6,642

783

8.5

24

Derek Harper

PG

Dallas Mavericks (1983–1994, 1996–1997)New York Knicks (1994–1996)Orlando Magic (1997–1998)Los Angeles Lakers (1999)

6,577

1,199

5.5

25

Nate Archibald*

PG

Cincinnati Royals/Kansas City(-Omaha) Kings (1970–1976)New York Nets (1976–1977)Buffalo Braves (1977–1978)Boston Celtics (1978–1983)Milwaukee Bucks (1983–1984)

6,476

876

7.4

26

Stephon Marbury

PG

Minnesota Timberwolves (1996–1999)New Jersey Nets (1999–2001)Phoenix Suns (2001–2004)New York Knicks (2004–2009)Boston Celtics (2009)

6,471

846

7.6

27

John Lucas II

PG

Houston Rockets (1976–1978, 1984–1986, 1989–1990)Golden State Warriors (1978–1981)Washington Bullets (1981–1983)San Antonio Spurs (1983–1984)Milwaukee Bucks (1986–1988)Seattle SuperSonics (1988–1989)

6,454

928

7.0

28

Reggie Theus

SG/PG

Chicago Bulls (1978–1984)Kansas City/Sacramento Kings (1984–1988)Atlanta Hawks (1988–1989)Orlando Magic (1989–1990)New Jersey Nets (1990–1991)

6,453

1,026

6.3

29

Norm Nixon

PG

Los Angeles Lakers (1977–1983)San Diego/Los Angeles Clippers (1983–1986, 1989)

6,386

768

8.3

30

Kobe Bryant†

SG

Los Angeles Lakers (1996–2016)

6,306

1,346

4.7

31

Jerry West*

PG

Los Angeles Lakers (1960–1974)

6,238

932

6.7

32

Russell Westbrook^

PG

Oklahoma City Thunder (2008–present)

6,136

751

8.2

33

Scottie Pippen*

SF

Chicago Bulls (1987–1998, 2003–2004)Houston Rockets (1999)Portland Trail Blazers (1999–2003)

6,135

1,178

5.2

34

Clyde Drexler*

SG

Portland Trail Blazers (1983–1995)Houston Rockets (1995–1998)

6,125

1,086

5.6

35

John Havlicek*

SF/SG

Boston Celtics (1962–1978)

6,114

1,270

4.8

36

Baron Davis

PG

Charlotte Hornets/New Orleans Hornets (1999–2005)Golden State Warriors (2005–2008)Los Angeles Clippers (2008–2011)Cleveland Cavaliers (2011)New York Knicks (2011–2012)

6,025

835

7.2

37

Mookie Blaylock

PG

New Jersey Nets (1989–1992)Atlanta Hawks (1992–1999)Golden State Warriors (1999–2002)

5,972

889

6.7

38

Sam Cassell

PG

Houston Rockets (1993–1996)Phoenix Suns (1996)Dallas Mavericks (1996–1997)New Jersey Nets (1997–1999)Milwaukee Bucks (1999–2003)Minnesota Timberwolves (2003–2005)Los Angeles Clippers (2005–2008)Boston Celtics (2008)

5,939

993

6.0

39

Avery Johnson

PG

Seattle SuperSonics (1988–1990)Denver Nuggets (1990, 2001–2002)San Antonio Spurs (1991, 1992–1993, 1994–2001)Houston Rockets (1992)Golden State Warriors (1993–1994, 2003–2004)Dallas Mavericks (2002–2003)

5,846

1,054

5.5

40

Nick Van Exel

PG/SG

Los Angeles Lakers (1993–1998)Denver Nuggets (1998–2002)Dallas Mavericks (2002–2003)Golden State Warriors (2003–2004)Portland Trail Blazers (2004–2005)San Antonio Spurs (2005–2006)

5,777

880

6.6

41

Larry Bird*

SF/PF

Boston Celtics (1979–1992)

5,695

897

6.3

42

Kareem Abdul-Jabbar*[4]

C

Milwaukee Bucks (1969–1975)Los Angeles Lakers (1975–1989)

5,660

1,560

3.6

43

Chauncey Billups

PG/SG

Boston Celtics (1997–1998)Toronto Raptors (1998)Denver Nuggets (1999, 2008–2011)Minnesota Timberwolves (2000–2002)Detroit Pistons (2002–2008, 2013–2014)New York Knicks (2011)Los Angeles Clippers (2011–2013)

5,636

1,043

5.4

44

Michael Jordan*

SG

Chicago Bulls (1984–1993, 1995–1998)Washington Wizards (2001–2003)

5,633

1,072

5.3

45

Allen Iverson*

SG/PG

Philadelphia 76ers (1996–2006, 2009–2010)Denver Nuggets (2006–2008)Detroit Pistons (2008–2009)Memphis Grizzlies (2009)

5,624

914

6.2

46

Mike Bibby

PG

Vancouver Grizzlies (1999–2001)Sacramento Kings (2001–2008)Atlanta Hawks (2008–2011)Washington Wizards (2011)Miami Heat (2011)New York Knicks (2011–2012)

5,517

1,001

5.5

47

Dennis Johnson*

PG/SG

Seattle SuperSonics (1976–1980)Phoenix Suns (1980–1983)Boston Celtics (1983–1990)

5,499

1,100

5.0

48

Kevin Garnett†

PF/C

Minnesota Timberwolves (1995–2007, 2015–2016)Boston Celtics (2007–2013)Brooklyn Nets (2013–2015)

5,445

1,462

3.7

49

Dwyane Wade^

SG

Miami Heat (2003–2016, 2018–present)Chicago Bulls (2016–2017) Cleveland Cavaliers (2017–2018)

5,417

988

5.5

50

Jason Terry^

SG/PG

Atlanta Hawks (1999–2004)Dallas Mavericks (2004–2012)Boston Celtics (2012–2013)Brooklyn Nets (2013–2014)Houston Rockets (2014–2016)Milwaukee Bucks (2016–2018)

5,415

1,410

3.8

text: Progressive list of assist leaders[edit]

text: This is a progressive list of assist leaders showing how the record increased through the years.[5]

text:
Team abbreviations

Team(s) listed is the one player was on when he established the record.

BOS
Boston Celtics
DEN
Denver Nuggets
LAL
Los Angeles Lakers
PHI
Philadelphia 76ers
SAS
San Antonio Spurs

BUF
Buffalo Braves
DET
Detroit Pistons
MIA
Miami Heat
PHO
Phoenix Suns
SDC
San Diego Clippers

CHI
Chicago Bulls
FTW
Fort Wayne Pistons
MIL
Milwaukee Bucks
PHW
Philadelphia Warriors
SEA
Seattle SuperSonics

CHS
Chicago Stags
HOU
Houston Rockets
NJN
New Jersey Nets
POR
Portland Trail Blazers
SFW
San Francisco Warriors

CIN
Cincinnati Royals
IND
Indiana Pacers
NOH
New Orleans Hornets
PRO
Providence Steamrollers
UTA
Utah Jazz

CLE
Cleveland Cavaliers
KCO
Kansas City-Omaha Kings
NYK
New York Knicks
ROC
Rochester Royals
WAS
Washington Wizards

DAL
Dallas Mavericks
LAC
Los Angeles Clippers
OKC
Oklahoma City Thunder
SAC
Sacramento Kings
WSB
Washington Bullets

text:
Assists leaders and records at the end of every season

Season

Year-by-year leader

AST

Active player leader

AST

Career record

AST

Single-season record

AST

Season

1946–47
Ernie Calverley000PRO
202
Ernie Calverley000PRO
202
Ernie Calverley000PRO
202
Ernie Calverley000PRO
202
1946–47

1947–48
Howie Dallmar000PHW
120
321
321
1947–48

1948–49
Bob Davies*000ROC
321
572
572
Bob Davies*000ROC
321
1948–49

1949–50
Dick McGuire*000NYK
386
Andy Phillip*000CHS 1949–50000PHW 1950–52000FTW 1952–56000BOS 1956–57
770
Andy Phillip*000CHS 1949–50000PHW 1950–52000FTW 1952–56000BOS 1956–57
770
Dick McGuire*000NYK
386
1949–50

1950–51
Andy Phillip*000PHW
414
1,184
1,184
Andy Phillip*000PHW
414
1950–51

1951–52
539
1,723
1,723
539
1951–52

1952–53
Bob Cousy*000BOS
547
2,120
2,120
Bob Cousy*000BOS
547
1952–53

1953–54
518
2,569
2,569
1953–54

1954–55
557
3,060
3,060
557
1954–55

1955–56
642
3,470
3,470
642
1955–56

1956–57
478
3,638
3,638
1956–57

1957–58
463
Bob Cousy*000BOS
3,987
Bob Cousy*000BOS
3,987
1957–58

1958–59
557
4,544
4,544
1958–59

1959–60
715
5,259
5,259
715
1959–60

1960–61
Oscar Robertson*000CIN
690
5,846
5,846
1960–61

1961–62
899
6,430
6,430
Oscar Robertson*000CIN
899
1961–62

1962–63
Guy Rodgers*000SFW
825
6,945
6,945
1962–63

1963–64
Oscar Robertson*000CIN
868
Guy Rodgers*000SFW
3,444
1963–64

1964–65
861
Oscar Robertson*000CIN 1964–70000MIL 1970–74
4,076
1964–65

1965–66
847
4,923
1965–66

1966–67
Guy Rodgers*000CHI
908
5,768
Guy Rodgers*000CHI
908
1966–67

1967–68
Wilt Chamberlain*000PHI
702
6,401
1967–68

1968–69
Oscar Robertson*000CIN
772
7,173
Oscar Robertson*000CIN 1968–70000MIL 1970–74
7,173
1968–69

1969–70
Lenny Wilkens*000SEA
683
7,731
7,731
1969–70

1970–71
Norm Van Lier000CIN
832
8,399
8,399
1970–71

1971–72
Lenny Wilkens*000SEA
766
8,890
8,890
1971–72

1972–73
Tiny Archibald*000KCO
910
9,441
9,441
Tiny Archibald*000KCO
910
1972–73

1973–74
Ernie DiGregorio000BUF
663
9,887
9,887
1973–74

1974–75
Kevin Porter000WSB
650
Lenny Wilkens*000POR
7,211
1974–75

1975–76
Slick Watts000SEA
661
John Havlicek*000BOS
5,386
1975–76

1976–77
Don Buse000IND
685
5,786
1976–77

1977–78
Kevin Porter0DET & NJN 1977–780DET 1978–79
837
6,114
1977–78

1978–79
1,099
Norm Van Lier000MIL
5,217
Kevin Porter000DET
1,099
1978–79

1979–80
Micheal Ray Richardson000NYK
832
Walt Frazier*000CLE
5,040
1979–80

1980–81
Kevin Porter000WSB
734
Tiny Archibald*000BOS 1980–83000MIL 1983–84
5,366
1980–81

1981–82
Johnny Moore000SAS
762
5,907
1981–82

1982–83
Magic Johnson*000LAL
829
6,316
1982–83

1983–84
Isiah Thomas*00DETNorm Nixon000SDC
914
6,476
1983–84

1984–85
Isiah Thomas*000DET
1,123
Norm Nixon000LAC
5,471
Isiah Thomas*000DET
1,123
1984–85

1985–86
Magic Johnson*000LAL
907
6,047
1985–86

1986–87
977
Magic Johnson*000LAL
6,179
1986–87

1987–88
John Stockton*000UTA
1,128
7,037
John Stockton*000UTA
1,128
1987–88

1988–89
1,118
8,025
1988–89

1989–90
1,134
8,932
1,134
1989–90

1990–91
1,164
9,921
Magic Johnson*000LAL
9,921
1,164
1990–91

1991–92
1,126
Isiah Thomas*000DET
7,991
1991–92

1992–93
987
8,662
1992–93

1993–94
1,031
John Stockton*000UTA
9,383
1993–94

1994–95
1,011
10,394
John Stockton*000UTA
10,394
1994–95

1995–96
916
11,310
11,310
1995–96

1996–97
Mark Jackson000DEN & IND
935
12,170
12,170
1996–97

1997–98
Rod Strickland000WAS
801
12,713
12,713
1997–98

1998–99
Jason Kidd*000PHO
539
13,087
13,087
1998–99

1999–00
Gary Payton*000SEA
732
13,790
13,790
1999–00

2000–01
Jason Kidd*000PHO
753
14,503
14,503
2000–01

2001–02
Andre Miller†000CLE
882
15,177
15,177
2001–02

2002–03
Jason Kidd*000NJN
711
15,806
15,806
2002–03

2003–04
Stephon Marbury000PHO
719
Mark Jackson000HOU
10,334
2003–04

2004–05
Steve Nash*000PHO
861
Gary Payton*000BOS 2004–05000MIA 2005–07
8,508
2004–05

2005–06
826
8,765
2005–06

2006–07
884
8,966
2006–07

2007–08
Chris Paul^000NOH
925
Jason Kidd*000NJN 2007–08000DAL 2008–12000NYK 2012–13
9,497
2007–08

2008–09
861
10,199
2008–09

2009–10
Steve Nash*000PHO
892
10,923
2009–10

2010–11
855
11,578
2010–11

2011–12
664
11,842
2011–12

2012–13
Greivis Vásquez000NOH
704
12,091
2012–13

2013–14
John Wall^000WAS
721
Steve Nash*000LAL
10,335
2013–14

2014–15
Chris Paul^000LAC
838
Andre Miller†000SAC 2014–15000MIN 2015–16000SAS 2016
8,437
2014–15

2015–16
Rajon Rondo^000SAC
839
8,524
2015–16

2016–17
James Harden^000HOU
907
Chris Paul^000LAC 2016–17000HOU 2017–18
8,251
2016–17

2017–18
Russell Westbrook^000OKC
820
8,708
2017–18

Season
Year-by-year leader
AST
Active player leader
AST
Career record
AST
Single-season record
AST
Season


document_title: Mere Rashke Qamar

question_text: mere raske qamar song is from which movie

text: Mere Rashke Qamar

text: 2013 remix[edit]

text:
"Mere Rashke Qamar"

Remix by Nusrat Fateh Ali Khan

from the album Reformed

Released
5 April 2013

Recorded
1988

Genre
Ghazal, Qawwali

Length
4:53

Label
Oriental Star Agencies, Hi-Tech Music

Composer(s)
Nusrat Fateh Ali Khan, A1melodymaster

Lyricist(s)
Fana Buland Shehri

Producer(s)
A1melodymaster

Reformed track listing

"Mere Rashke Qamar"
(1)
"Fasle Gul"
(2)

External media

Audio

 "Mere Rashke Qamar" on YouTube

Video

 "Mere Rashke Qamar" on YouTube

text: It was recreated and released as a single on 5 April 2013 by A1melodymaster for the album Reformed; which released on 16 March 2017 with different renewed songs of Nusrat Fateh Ali Khan.[3]

text: 2017 film version[edit]

text:
"Mere Rashke Qamar"

Soundtrack by Nusrat Fateh Ali Khan, Rahat Fateh Ali Khan and Tulsi Kumar

from the album Baadshaho

Released
13 July 2017

Recorded
2016

Genre
Romantic Sufi

Length
3:40

Label
T-Series

Composer(s)
Nusrat Fateh Ali Khan, Tanishk Bagchi

Lyricist(s)
Fana Buland Shehri, Manoj Muntashir

Producer(s)
Bhushan Kumar

Baadshaho track listing

"Mere Rashke Qamar"
"Piya More"

External media

Audio

 Full audio on YouTube

 Full Female version on YouTube

 Remix on YouTube

Video

 Full video on YouTube

 Lyrical video on YouTube

 Female version music video on YouTube

 Female version lyrical video on YouTube

text: The song was recreated by lyricist Manoj Muntashir and composer Tanishk Bagchi for Milan Luthria's 2017 Hindi film Baadshaho; written by Rajat Arora. It features original version of Nusrat Fateh Ali Khan's voice with new version of Rahat Fateh Ali Khan's voice. The video; starring Ajay Devgn & Ileana D'Cruz; has been shot in different locales of Bikaner, Jodhpur and Jaisalmer.[4][5][6][7]

text: Despite other controversies; created after 2016 Uri attack, due to which Pakistani artistes were banned from working in India;[8][9] producer Bhushan Kumar said that he was working for last one-and-a-half year on a track "that brings out the chemistry between Ajay and Ileana's characters". He said, "I was sure it had to be Nusrat saab's composition. I procured the rights and I'm thankful to Rahat for singing it", he feels happy with the response on the new version.[10]

text: The soundtrack has a female version for the film too, in voice of Tulsi Kumar, which released on 21 August. Its music video was released on 25 August by her father's company T-Series, featuring Kumar herself.

text: Music charts[edit]

text: The 2013 remix achieved chart success in 2017 in the UK, spending a number of weeks on the Official Charts Company before[11] and after the release of 2017 version.[12] Ten days after 2017 version's release, both were on top 14 on the Asian music chart by BBC.[13] The latter than topped the Indian music charts by iTunes, BBC, Bollywood Hungama, Saavn and Gaana.com, and remained number 1 on international level until beaten by Taylor Swift's "Look What You Made Me Do" in India.[14]

text: Popularity[edit]

text: The song is very popular in Pakistan and India, and also has been adapted as cover version by many local artistes; from which some very popular on YouTube are of:[15][16]

text:
Junaid Asghar[17][18][19]
Naseebo Lal[20][21]
Fadia Shaboroz[22]
Sonu Kakkar[23]
Neha Kakkar's duet with Riya[24]
Baba Sehgal[25]
Haseeb Mubashir[26]
Rabi Peerzada (deleted)[27][28][29]


document_title: Jurisdiction of the International Court of Justice

question_text: what is the contentious jurisdiction of the icj

text: Contentious cases[edit]

text: The key principle is that the Court only has jurisdiction on the basis of consent. The court has no true compulsory jurisdiction. Jurisdiction is often a key question for the Court, because it is challenged by the respondent. At the Preliminary Objections phase, a respondent may challenge (i) jurisdiction and/or (ii) admissibility of the case. Article 36 outlines four bases on which the Court's jurisdiction may be founded.

text: Only states may be parties in contentious cases before the ICJ. Individuals, corporations, parts of a federal state, NGOs, UN organs and self-determination groups are excluded from direct participation in cases, although the Court may receive information from public international organisations. This does not preclude non-state interests from being the subject of proceedings if one state brings the case against another. For example, a state may, in case of "diplomatic protection", bring a case on behalf of one of its nationals or corporations.

text: Special agreement[edit]

text: First, 36(1) provides that parties may refer cases to the Court (jurisdiction founded on "special agreement" or compromise). This method is based on explicit consent and is, perhaps, the most effective basis for the Court's jurisdiction. It is effective because the parties concerned have a desire for the Court to resolve the dispute, and are thus more likely to comply with the Court's judgment. Parties will usually define the nature of the dispute between them and the legal questions on which they wish the Court to rule.

text: Compromissory clause[edit]

text: Second, 36(1) also gives the Court jurisdiction over "matters specifically provided for ... in treaties and conventions in force". Many treaties will contain a compromissory clause, providing for dispute resolution by the ICJ. For instance, Article 32(2) of the United Nations Convention Against Illicit Traffic in Narcotic Drugs and Psychotropic Substances provides for mediation and other dispute-resolution options, but also states that "[a]ny such dispute which cannot be settled ... shall be referred, at the request of any one of the States Parties to the dispute, to the International Court of Justice for decision".[2] Cases founded on compromissory clauses have not been as effective as cases founded on special agreement, since a state may have no interest in having the matter examined by the Court and may refuse to comply with a judgment. Since the 1970s the use of such compromissory clauses has declined. Many modern treaties set out their own dispute-resolution regime, often based on forms of arbitration. In 1987, upon the initiative of Mikhail Gorbachev, all of the permanent members of the Security Council began negotiations for expanding the compulsory jurisdiction of the ICJ. The content of these negotiations is to date unknown, and no agreements were reached. See Richard B. Bilder, "Judicial Procedures Relating to the Use of Force," ch. 28 in Lori Damrosch & David Scheffer, Law and Force in the New International Order (1991).

text: Optional clause declarations[edit]

text: Thirdly, Article 36(2) allows states to make declarations accepting the Court's jurisdiction as compulsory ("optional clause declarations"). Not all countries accept the compulsory jurisdiction of the International Court of Justice, ICJ. For example, Australia accepts compulsory ICJ jurisdiction "with reservations" whereas Brazil has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction, directly. However, Brazil has accepted the compulsory jurisdiction by becoming a Party to the Pact of Bogota.[1]

text: It was, moreover, to a Brazilian delegate, Raul Fernandes, that the concept of the optional compulsory jurisdiction mechanism was owed. First adopted in 1922 for the Permanent Court of International Justice (the predecessor of the International Court of Justice under the League of Nations), this system was readopted in 1945 for the International Court of Justice. "The 'Fernandes clause' has thus had the merit, not only of having represented a historic step forward for international law, but also of constituting today, for 62 States, one of the bases of the Court's jurisdiction", according to its President.[2]

text: Succession from PCIJ[edit]

text: Finally, 36(5) provides for jurisdiction on the basis of declarations made under the Permanent Court of International Justice's statute. Article 37 of the ICJ's statute similarly transfers jurisdiction under any compromissory clause in a treaty that gave jurisdiction to the PCIJ.

text: Doctrine of Forum Prorogatum[edit]

text: Refer to the Corfu Case.

text: Advisory opinions[edit]

text: An advisory opinion is a function of the court open only to specified United Nations bodies and agencies. On receiving a request, the Court decides which States and organizations might provide useful information and gives them an opportunity to present written or oral statements. The Court's advisory opinion procedure is otherwise modelled on that for contentious cases, and the sources of applicable law are the same. In principle the Court's advisory opinions are consultative in character and as such do not generally result in judgments that aim to resolve specific controversies. Certain instruments or regulations can, however, provide in advance that the advisory opinion shall be specifically binding on particular agencies or states.

text: The advisory opinions of the court are influential and widely respected interpretations of the law, but they are not authoritative, and they are inherently non-binding under the Statute of the Court. Examples of advisory opinions can be found in the section advisory opinions in the List of International Court of Justice cases article.

text: The ICJ and the Security Council[edit]

text: The relationship between the ICJ and the Security Council, and the separation of their powers, was considered by the Court in 1992, in the Pan Am case. The Court had to consider an application from Libya for the order of provisional measures to protect its rights, which, it alleged, were being infringed by the threat of economic sanctions by the UK and United States. The problem was that these sanctions had been authorised by the Security Council, which resulted with a potential conflict between the Chapter VII functions of the Security Council and the judicial function of the Court. The Court decided, by eleven votes to five, that it could not order the requested provisional measures because the rights claimed by Libya, even if legitimate under the Montreal Convention, could no longer be upheld since the action was justified by the Security Council. In accordance with Article 103 of the UN Charter, obligations under the Charter took precedence over other treaty obligations.

text: There was a marked reluctance on the part of a majority of the Court to become involved in a dispute in such a way as to bring it potentially into conflict with the Council. The Court stated in the Nicaragua case (Jurisdiction) that there is no necessary inconsistency between action by the Security Council and adjudication by the ICJ. However, where there is room for conflict, the balance appears to be in favour of the Security Council.

text: Should either party fail "to perform the obligations incumbent upon it under a judgment rendered by the Court", the Security Council may be called upon to "make recommendations or decide upon measures" if the security council deems such actions necessary. In practice, the Court's powers have been limited by the unwillingness of the losing party to abide by the Court's ruling, and by the Security Council's unwillingness to enforce consequences. However, in theory, "so far as the parties to the case are concerned, a judgment of the Court is binding, final and without appeal," and "by signing the Charter, a State Member of the United Nations undertakes to comply with any decision of the International Court of Justice in a case to which it is a party".

text: For example, in Nicaragua v. United States the United States of America had previously accepted the Court's compulsory jurisdiction upon its creation in 1946 but withdrew its acceptance following the Court's judgment in 1984 that called on the United States to "cease and to refrain" from the "unlawful use of force" against the government of Nicaragua. In a split decision, the majority of the Court ruled the United States was "in breach of its obligation under customary international law not to use force against another state" and ordered the US pay reparations (see note 2), although it never did.

text: Examples of cases include:

text:
A complaint by the United States in 1980 that Iran was detaining American diplomats in Tehran in violation of international law.
A dispute between Tunisia and Libya over the delimitation of the continental shelf between them.
A dispute over the course of the maritime boundary dividing the U.S. and Canada in the Gulf of Maine area.
A complaint by the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia against the member states of the North Atlantic Treaty Organisation regarding their actions in the Kosovo War. This was denied on 15 December 2004 due to lack of jurisdiction, because the FRY was not a party to the ICJ statute at the time it made the application.

text: The last example can be used as evidence of the Court's failure to take on politically controversial cases; as the Court has no means to enforce its rulings, its survival is dependent on its political legitimacy. That would be endangered if it constantly came with rulings which states have no interest of taking into consideration. This is one of the Court's major shortcomings: its rulings must be considered in a political context.