document_title: List of Magic: The Gathering sets

question_text: when does the new magic the gathering set come out

text: List of Magic: The Gathering sets

text: Base/core set editions[edit]

text: After the second version (Beta) of the first set, which contained two cards mistakenly excluded from the first version (Alpha), all subsequent base sets through 10th Edition consisted of cards that had been printed before in either the original base set or an expansion set. Alpha through Fifth Edition did not have set symbols printed on the actual cards, though those sets were retroactively given set symbols in Wizards of the Coast's official Gatherer[3] database of Magic cards.

text:
Set
Set symbol[3]
Set code[4][3]
Pre-release date
Release date
Size[3][5]

Total Cards
Common
Uncommon
Rare
Mythic Rare
Basic Land
Other

Limited Edition Alpha
None
LEA
none
August 5, 1993[6]
295[I]
74
95
116
—
10
—

Limited Edition Beta
None
LEB
none
October 1993[7]
302[I]
75
95
117
—
15
—

Unlimited Edition
None
2ED
none
December 1993[6]
302[I]
75
95
117
—
15
—

Revised Edition[II]
None
3ED
none
April 1994[8]
306
75
95
121
—
15
—

Fourth Edition
None
4ED
none
April 1995[9]
378
121
121
121
—
15
—

Fifth Edition
None / Roman-numeral five[III]
5ED
none
March 24, 1997[10]
449
165
132
132
—
20
—

Classic Sixth Edition
A Roman-numeral six
6ED
none
April 28, 1999[10]
350
110
110
110
—
20
—

Seventh Edition
A serif numeral seven
7ED
none
April 11, 2001[10]
350
110
110
110
—
20
—

Eighth Edition
The number eight superimposed over three fanned cards
8ED
none
July 28, 2003[11]
357
110
110
110
—
20
7[IV]

Ninth Edition
The number nine superimposed over three fanned cards
9ED
none
July 29, 2005[12]
359
110
110
110
—
20
9[IV]

Tenth Edition
A Roman-numeral ten
10E
none
July 13, 2007[13]
383
121
121
121
—
20
—

Magic 2010
"M10"
M10
July 11, 2009[14]
July 17, 2009[15]
249
101
60
53
15
20
—

Magic 2011
"M11"
M11
July 10, 2010[16]
July 16, 2010[16]
249
101
60
53
15
20
—

Magic 2012
"M12"
M12
July 9, 2011[17]
July 15, 2011[17]
249
101
60
53
15
20
—

Magic 2013
"M13"
M13
July 7, 2012[18]
July 13, 2012[18]
249
101
60
53
15
20
—

Magic 2014
"M14"
M14
July 13, 2013[19]
July 19, 2013[19]
249
101
60
53
15
20
—

Magic 2015
"M15"
M15
July 12, 2014[20]
July 18, 2014[20]
269
101
80[21]
53
15
20
15[IV]

Magic Origins
Planeswalker symbol breaking through the horizon
ORI
July 11, 2015[22]
July 17, 2015[22]
272
101
80
55
16
20
16[IV]

Core Set 2019
unrevealed
M19
July 7, 2018
July 13, 2018[23]
280
unrevealed

tag: table

text: Expansion sets[edit]

text: Expansion sets from Ice Age to Rivals of Ixalan (with the exception of Homelands) came in groups called "blocks". (From 1997–2008, Wizards of the Coast also used the term "cycle" when describing the associated storyline.) Blocks were cohesive products: they centered around one plane, followed a particular storyline, and contained cards and mechanics that supported both. Blocks generally consisted of one large "stand-alone" expansion set of 250–300 cards, followed by one or two small expansion sets of 150–200 cards which continue the themes introduced in the large set. Like the base set, stand-alone expansion sets contain basic land cards; other expansion sets do not. Beginning with Alliances, expansion sets were given codenames while in development; the code names of the expansions of a cycle usually fit together to form a phrase or common theme.[24] Starting with Mirage in 1996, blocks were officially refined in form: they would consist of three sets, large-small-small. With Zendikar block in 2009, the traditional large-small-small block structure began to be varied, with some blocks including a second large set later in the block. Starting with the Battle for Zendikar block in 2015, the default structure of a block was changed to large-small, with each block consisting of only two sets and two blocks released per year.[25]

text: Ice Age and Alliances were the first two sets to have a well-defined relationship, but were not created as a canonical block at the time of printing. Also beginning with Alliances in June 1996, expansion sets were released in a regular pattern: the base sets were released in October with the small expansion sets being released in February and June (Alliances was originally the third set of the block; it was retroactively made a second set with the release of Coldsnap in 2006). With the exceptions of Stronghold, a 1998 set released in March rather than February, and Scourge, a 2003 set which was released in May rather than June, this pattern of months was never broken, over a 10-year period, until 2006, when Dissension was also released a month early in May instead of June, because of the July release of Coldsnap. The third set in a block has since been released in late April or early May. From 2005–2015, there was a fourth release date each year in mid-July, usually reserved for Core Sets. Other summer releases included Coldsnap and Eventide.[XXVI]

text: Fallen Empires was an experimental expansion in which most card have three or four different pieces of artwork. You could see them as 121 common cards, by art, or 36 cards by the text. It was also a major expansion in the idea of tribes, especially Goblins and Merfolk.

text: Most early expansion sets did not have exact release dates; they were just shipped out within the space of a week, and retailers could start selling them as soon as the sets were received. By the time of Alliances in 1996, however, release dates were set as Mondays (the earliest set with an exact Monday release date might possibly have preceded Alliances, but Alliances is the earliest set with a cited and confirmed Monday release date). Beginning with Mirrodin in 2003, the release dates were changed from Monday to Friday. All sets beginning with Homelands[VI] also have a pre-release date, on which cards are sold in limited quantities in pre-release tournaments. These tournaments were formerly always held two weeks before the release date, but since Shards of Alara they are now held one week before the release date.

text: Premium foil cards have been inserted into booster packs since Urza's Legacy. Originally 1 foil card was inserted for every 100 cards. The ratio was changed to 1 in 70 cards with the Torment expansion. Beginning with Tenth Edition the rate was increased to 1 in 56 cards.[26]

text: Starting with Kaladesh block, sets sometimes also contain an entry in the Masterpiece Series.[27]

text: The block model has evolved as time went on. In addition to a formalized structure (which was occasionally variated on), Wizards began to have trouble developing small sets that satisfied their own quality standards. Players also reported fatigue at playing in the same environment for a year at a time. The decision to remove one small set from each block, as showcased in Battle For Zendikar block, was a result of this dissatisfaction. It culminated in the decision to delete small sets entirely: After the Ixalan block concludes, forthcoming sets will all be large-sized sets. However, not all large-size sets will involve travel to a new plane; some will be sequels to the set prior to it, if the depth of the plane's story and mechanics allows. Dominaria, to be released in 2018, will be the first set under this model.[27]

text:
Set
Expansion
symbol[3]
Expansion
code[4][3]
Development
codename[24]
Pre-release date
Release date
Size[3][5]

Total
Cards
Common
Uncommon
Rare
Mythic Rare
Basic
Land
Other

Arabian Nights
A scimitar
ARN
Arabian Nights[28]
none
December 1993[29]
92[V]
41
19
32
—
1
—

Antiquities
An anvil
ATQ
Antiquities[28]
none
March 1994[30]
100[VI]
30
44
26
—
—
—

Legends
The capital of a Doric column
LEG
Legends[28]
none
June 1994[31]
310
75
114
121
—
—
—

The Dark
A thin crescent moon
DRK
The Dark [28]
none
August 1994[32]
119
40
44
35
—
—
—

Fallen Empires
A crown
FEM
Fallen Empires[28]
none
November 1994[33]
187[VII]
121
30
36
—
—
—

Ice Age
A snowflake
ICE
Ice Age[28]
none[VII]
June 1995[34]
383
121
121
121
—
20
—

Homelands[IX]
The globe of Ulgrotha
HML
Homelands[28]
October 14, 1995[VII]
October 1995[35]
140[X]
71
27
42
—
—
—

Alliances
A flowing banner
ALL
Quack[24]
May 18, 1996[36]
June 10, 1996[10]
199[XI]
110
43
46
—
—
—

Mirage Block

Mirage
A palm tree
MIR
Sosumi/Menagerie[24]
September 21, 1996[37][XXV]
October 7, 1996[10]
350
110
110
110
—
20
—

Visions
Zhalfirin Triangle of War/stylized "V"
VIS
Mirage Jr.[24]
January 11, 1997[38]
February 3, 1997[39]
167
62
55
50
—
—
—

Weatherlight
The Thran Tome, an open book
WTH
Mochalatte[24]
May 31, 1997[40]
June 9, 1997[10]
167
62
55
50
—
—
—

Rath Cycle or Tempest Block

Tempest
A storm cloud
TMP
Bogavhati[24]
October 4, 1997[41]
October 13, 1997[10]
350
110
110
110
—
20
—

Stronghold
A portcullis
STH
Rachimulot[24]
February 21, 1998[42]
March 2, 1998[10]
143
55
44
44
—
—
—

Exodus
A bridge
EXO
Gorgonzola[24]
June 6, 1998[43]
June 15, 1998[10]
143
55
44
44
—
—
—

Artifacts Cycle or Urza Block

Urza's Saga
Two gears
USG
Armadillo[24]
October 3, 1998[44]
October 12, 1998[45]
350
110
110
110
—
20
—

Urza's Legacy
A hammer
ULG
Guacamole[24]
February 6, 1999[46]
February 15, 1999[10]
143
55
44
44
—
—
—

Urza's Destiny
An Erlenmeyer flask
UDS
Chimichanga[24]
May 29, 1999[41]
June 7, 1999[47]
143
55
44
44
—
—
—

Masquerade Cycle or Masques Block

Mercadian Masques
A domino mask
MMQ
Archimedes[24]
September 25, 1999[48]
October 4, 1999[49]
350
110
110
110
—
20
—

Nemesis
The spiked halberd wielded by Crovax
NEM
Euripides[24]
February 5, 2000[50]
February 14, 2000[51]
143
55
44
44
—
—
—

Prophecy
Three crystals
PCY
Dionysus[24]
May 27, 2000
June 5, 2000[52]
143
55
44
44
—
—
—

Invasion Block

Invasion
The symbol of the Coalition[XII]
INV
Beijing[24]
September 23, 2000[41]
October 2, 2000[53]
350
110
110
110
—
20
—

Planeshift
A swirling portal
PLS
Hong Kong[24]
January 27, 2001[54]
February 5, 2001[54]
143
55
44
44
—
—
—

Apocalypse
The mask of Yawgmoth
APC
Shanghai[24]
May 26, 2001[55]
June 4, 2001
143
55
44
44
—
—
—

Odyssey Block

Odyssey
The Mirari on a twisted stand
ODY
Argon[24]
September 22, 2001[41]
October 1, 2001
350
110
110
110
—
20
—

Torment
An ouroboros
TOR
Boron[24]
January 26, 2002[56]
February 4, 2002[56]
143
55
44
44
—
—
—

Judgment
A balancing scale
JUD
Carbon[24]
May 18, 2002
May 27, 2002[57]
143
55
44
44
—
—
—

Onslaught Block

Onslaught
A four-legged "morph"[XIII] creature
ONS
Manny[24]
September 28, 2002[58]
October 7, 2002[58]
350
110
110
110
—
20
—

Legions
Two crossed spears behind a shield
LGN
Moe[24]
January 25, 2003[59]
February 3, 2003
145
55
45
45
—
—
—

Scourge
A dragon mask
SCG
Jack[24]
May 17, 2003[60]
May 26, 2003[60]
143
55
44
44
—
—
—

Mirrodin Block

Mirrodin
The Sword of Kaldra
MRD
Bacon[24]
September 20, 2003[61]
October 3, 2003[61]
306
110
88
88
—
20
—

Darksteel
The shield of Kaldra
DST
Lettuce[24]
January 24, 2004[62]
February 6, 2004[62]
165
55
55
55
—
—
—

Fifth Dawn
The helm of Kaldra
5DN
Tomato[24]
May 22, 2004[63]
June 4, 2004[64]
165
55
55
55
—
—
—

Kamigawa Block

Champions of Kamigawa
A torii gate
CHK
Earth[24]
September 18, 2004[65]
October 1, 2004[66]
306
110
88[XIV]
88
—
20
—

Betrayers of Kamigawa
A shuriken
BOK
Wind[24]
January 22, 2005[67]
February 4, 2005[66]
165
55
55
55
—
—
—

Saviors of Kamigawa
A Japanese-style lantern
SOK
Fire[24]
May 21, 2005[68]
June 3, 2005[66]
165
55
55
55
—
—
—

Ravnica Block

Ravnica: City of Guilds
A Gothic-style church tower
RAV
Control[69]
September 24, 2005[70]
October 7, 2005[71]
306
110
88
88
—
20
—

Guildpact
The seal of the Guildpact
GPT
Alt[69]
January 21, 2006[72]
February 3, 2006[72]
165
55
55
55
—
—
—

Dissension
The broken seal of the Guildpact
DIS
Delete[69]
April 22, 2006[73]
May 5, 2006[73]
180
60
60
60
—
—
—

Coldsnap

Coldsnap[IX]
A hanging trio of icicles
CSP
Splat[24]
July 8, 2006[74]
July 21, 2006[75]
155
60
55
40
—
—
—

Time Spiral Block

Time Spiral
An hourglass
TSP/TSB[XV]
Snap[69]
September 23, 2006[76]
October 6, 2006[76]
422[XV]
121
80
80
—
20
121

Planar Chaos
Stylized letters "PC" / Möbius strip
PLC
Crackle[69]
January 20, 2007[77]
February 2, 2007[77]
165[XV]
60
55
50
—
—
—

Future Sight
an eye gazing through a rift portal
FUT
Pop[69]
April 21, 2007[78]
May 4, 2007[78]
180[XV]
60
60
60
—
—
—

Lorwyn Block

Lorwyn
Elvish "leaf blade" with a serrated edge
LRW
Peanut[79]
September 29, 2007[80]
October 12, 2007[80]
301
121
80
80
—
20
—

Morningtide
Sunrise / A flame
MOR
Butter[79]
January 19, 2008[81]
February 1, 2008[81]
150
60
40
50
—
—
—

Shadowmoor Block[82]

Shadowmoor
Crown of the Reaper King
SHM
Jelly[79]
April 19, 2008[83]
May 2, 2008[83]
301
121
80
80
—
20
—

Eventide
Eclipsed sun
EVE
Doughnut[82]
July 12, 2008[84]
July 25, 2008[84]
180
60
60
60
—
—
—

Alara Block

Shards of Alara
5-part gem
ALA
Rock[85]
September 27, 2008[86]
October 3, 2008[87]
249
101
60
53
15
20
—

Conflux
5-shard shield
CON
Paper[85]
January 31, 2009[88]
February 6, 2009[88]
145
60
40
35
10
—
—

Alara Reborn
5-branched gem
ARB
Scissors[85]
April 25, 2009[89]
April 30, 2009[89]
145
60
40
35
10
—
—

Zendikar Block

Zendikar
A hedron
ZEN
Live[85]
September 26, 2009[90]
October 2, 2009[90]
249
101
60
53
15
20
—

Worldwake
A hedron opening
WWK
Long[85]
January 30, 2010[91]
February 5, 2010[91]
145
60
40
35
10
—
—

Rise of the Eldrazi
A hedron opened
ROE
Prosper[85]
April 17, 2010[92]
April 23, 2010[92]
248
100
60
53
15
20
—

Scars of Mirrodin Block

Scars of Mirrodin
Encircled hexplate with a smaller hex cut out
SOM
Lights[93]
September 25, 2010[94]
October 1, 2010[94]
249
101
60
53
15
20
—

Mirrodin Besieged
Mirran/Phyrexian symbols combined
MBS
Camera[93]
January 29, 2011[95]
February 4, 2011[95]
155
60
40
35
10
10
—

New Phyrexia
The letter Phi, the symbol of Phyrexia
NPH
Action[93]
May 7, 2011[96][97]
May 13, 2011[96][97]
175
60
60
35
10
10
—

Innistrad Block

Innistrad
Two stylized outward facing herons[98]
ISD[99]
Shake[93]
September 24, 2011[100]
September 30, 2011[100]
264[XXVII]
107
67
59
16
15
—

Dark Ascension
Innistrad symbol turned inward[101]
DKA[102]
Rattle[93]
January 28, 2012[102]
February 3, 2012[102]
158[XXVII]
64
44
38
12
—
—

Avacyn Restored
The collar of Avacyn
AVR[103]
Roll[93]
April 28, 2012[103]
May 4, 2012[103]
244
101
60
53
15
15
—

Return to Ravnica Block

Return to Ravnica
Symbol of the five guilds in set
RTR[104]
Hook[85][105]
September 29, 2012[104]
October 5, 2012[104]
274
101
80
53
15
25
—

Gatecrash
Pointed arch
GTC[106]
Line[85][105]
January 26, 2013[106]
February 1, 2013[106]
249
101
80
53
15
—
—

Dragon's Maze
Return to Ravnica and Gatecrash symbols combined[107]
DGM[107]
Sinker[85][105]
April 27, 2013[107]
May 3, 2013[107]
156[XXVIII]
70
40
35
11
—
—

Theros Block

Theros
Column and arcs
THS[108]
Friends[85][105]
September 21, 2013[108]
September 27, 2013[108]
249
101
60
53
15
20
—

Born of the Gods
Horns of Xenagos
BNG[109]
Romans[85][105]
February 1, 2014[109]
February 7, 2014[109]
165
60
60
35
10
—
—

Journey into Nyx
Horns of Xenagos and column
JOU[110]
Countrymen[85][105]
April 26, 2014[111]
May 2, 2014[110]
165
60
60
35
10
—
—

Khans of Tarkir Block

Khans of Tarkir
Two crossed scimitars in front of a shield
KTK[112]
Huey[113]
September 20, 2014[112]
September 26, 2014[112]
269
101
80
53
15
20
—

Fate Reforged
Two mirrored fangs
FRF[114]
Dewey[113]
January 17, 2015[114]
January 23, 2015[114]
185[XXIX]
70
60
35
10
10
—

Dragons of Tarkir
A shield in the shape of a dragon's face
DTK[115]
Louie[113]
March 21, 2015[115]
March 27, 2015[115]
264
101
80
53
15
15
—

Battle for Zendikar Block

Battle for Zendikar
A hedron with a "Z" crimp
BFZ[116]
Blood[117]
September 26, 2015[116]
October 2, 2015[116]
274[XXX]
101
80
53
15
25
—[XXX]

Oath of the Gatewatch
Kozilek blade projections
OGW[118]
Sweat[117]
January 16, 2016[118]
January 22, 2016[118]
184[XXX]
70
60
42[119]
12[119]
—
—[XXX]

Shadows over Innistrad Block

Shadows over Innistrad
Avacyn's collar deformed (in this case, upside-down)
SOI[120]
Tears[117]
April 2, 2016[120]
April 8, 2016[120]
297[XXXI]
105
100
59
18
15
—

Eldritch Moon
Silhouette of Emrakul
EMN [121]
Fears[25]
July 16, 2016[121]
July 22, 2016[121]
205[XXXI]
74
70
47
14[122]
—
—

Kaladesh Block

Kaladesh
Stylized vines
KLD
Lock[123]
September 24, 2016
September 30, 2016
264
101
80
53
15
15
—

Aether Revolt
Stylized blossom
AER
Stock[123]
January 14, 2017
January 20, 2017
184
70
60
42
12
—
—

Amonkhet Block

Amonkhet
Pyramid with floating top
AKH
Barrel[123]
April 22, 2017
April 28, 2017
269
101
80
53
15
20
—

Hour of Devastation
Horns of Nicol Bolas
HOU
Laughs[124]
July 8, 2017
July 14, 2017
199
70
60
42
12
15
—

Ixalan Block

Ixalan
Compass rose
XLN
Ham[125]
September 23, 2017
September 29, 2017
279
101
80
63
15
20
—

Rivals of Ixalan
Half compass rose with two Northern points
RIX[126]
Eggs[125]
January 13, 2018
January 19, 2018
196
70
60
48
13
5
—

Post-block sets[27]

Dominaria
unrevealed
DOM
Soup[127]
April 21, 2018
April 27, 2018
269
unrevealed

"Spaghetti"
unrevealed
unrevealed
Spaghetti[128]
c. September 2018
c. September 2018
unrevealed

"Meatballs"
unrevealed
unrevealed
Meatballs[128]
c. January 2019
c. January 2019
unrevealed

"Milk"
unrevealed
unrevealed
Milk[129]
c. Spring 2019
c. Spring 2019
unrevealed

"Archery"
unrevealed
unrevealed
Archery[130]
c. September 2019
c. September 2019
unrevealed

"Baseball"
unrevealed
unrevealed
Baseball[130]
c. January 2020
c. January 2020
unrevealed

"Cricket"
unrevealed
unrevealed
Cricket[131]
c. Spring 2020
c. Spring 2020
unrevealed

"Diving"
unrevealed
unrevealed
Diving[132]
c. September 2020
c. September 2020
unrevealed

text: Other sets[edit]

text: Introductory sets[edit]

text: These introductory sets were intended for novice Magic: The Gathering players. They were illegal in sanctioned tournaments until October 2005,[133] when they became legal in Legacy and Vintage.

text:
Set
Expansion
symbol[3]
Expansion
code[4][3]
Release date
Size[3][5]

Total Cards
Common
Uncommon
Rare
Mythic Rare
Basic Land
Other

Portal[XIX]

Portal
A portal
POR
June 1997[134]
222[XX]
90
57
55
—
20
—

Portal Second Age
A pentagon
PO2
June 1998[135]
165
70
45
35
—
15
—

Portal Three Kingdoms
The Chinese character for the number 3
PTK
May 1999[136]
180
55
55
55
—
15
—

Starter

Starter 1999
A five-pointed star
S99
July 1999[137]
173
63
55
35
—
20
—

Starter 2000
None
S00
July 2000[138]
57[XXI]
39
6
2
—
10
—

text: Compilations/reprint sets[edit]

text: Reprint sets are sets of certain cards from previous sets that were re-released for different reasons. Some reasons include the cards were fan favorites and popular demand brought them back or in some cases, reprints were to commemorate certain events such as widely known matches or anniversary sets. Some reprint sets revolved around a certain theme; for example, Beatdown was themed around old, out-of-print, heavy-hitting creatures. Reprinting a card in one of these sets does not affect when it leaves Standard.

text: Deck Builder's Toolkits are released at the same time as a core set and contain only cards from sets that are legal in Standard at that time; they are not sets as such. These boxed sets therefore have no symbol or code of their own.

text:
Set
Expansion symbol[3]
Expansion
code[4][3]
Release date
Size[3][5]

Total Cards
Common
Uncommon
Rare
Mythic Rare
Basic Land
Other

Chronicles[XVII]
No specific symbol[XVIII]
CHR
July 1995[139]
125[XVII]
37
43
45
—
—
—

Rivals Quick Start Set
No specific symbol
none
July 1996[140]
Four pre-constructed decks

Multiverse Gift Box
No specific symbol
none
November 1996[141]
Boosters from various sets in various languages

Anthologies
No specific symbol
ATH
November 1998[142]
Two 60-card pre-constructed decks

Battle Royale Box Set
No specific symbol
BRB
November 12, 1999[143]
Four 40-card pre-constructed decks

Beatdown Box Set
A mace
BTD
December 2000[144]
Two 61-card pre-constructed decks

Deckmasters: Garfield vs. Finkel
A stylized letter "D"
DKM
September 17, 2001[145]
Two 62-card pre-constructed decks

Premium Foil Booster
Alara block symbols
none
January 8, 2010[146]
539 foil cards from the Alara block[XXXV]

Duels of the Planeswalkers (decks)
A stylized letter "M" inside a circle
DPA
June 4, 2010[147]
Five 60-card decks

Modern Event Deck
Three-pronged object
MD1
May 30, 2014[148]
60-card deck, 15-card sideboard

International Sets

Renaissance (French/German)
No specific symbol
none
August 1995[139]
122
51
40
31
—
—
—

Rinascimento (Italian)
No specific symbol
none
August 1995[139]
69
 ?
 ?
 ?
—
—
—

Duel Decks

Duel Decks: Elves vs. Goblins
A stylized axe and bow combination symbol
EVG
November 16, 2007[149]
Two 60-card pre-constructed decks

Duel Decks: Jace vs. Chandra
A point-reflected pair of swooshes
DD2
November 7, 2008[150]
Two 60-card pre-constructed decks

Duel Decks: Divine vs. Demonic
A halo with horns coming up through its center
DDC
April 10, 2009[151]
Two 60-card pre-constructed decks

Duel Decks: Garruk vs. Liliana
A leaf inside a semicircle
DDD
October 30, 2009[152]
Two 60-card pre-constructed decks

Duel Decks: Phyrexia vs. the Coalition
Yawgmoth's and the Coalition's symbols combined
DDE
March 19, 2010[153]
Two 60-card pre-constructed decks

Duel Decks: Elspeth vs. Tezzeret
Two trapezoids with parts missing
DDF
September 3, 2010[154]
Two 60-card pre-constructed decks

Duel Decks: Knights vs. Dragons
A shield in the shape of a dragon in flight
DDG
April 1, 2011[155]
Two 60-card pre-constructed decks

Duel Decks: Ajani vs. Nicol Bolas
Nicol Bolas' horns superimposed on Ajani's axe-head
DDH
September 2, 2011[156]
Two 60-card pre-constructed decks

Duel Decks: Venser vs. Koth
Two nearly-interlocking zigzags
DDI
March 30, 2012[157]
Two 60-card pre-constructed decks

Duel Decks: Izzet vs. Golgari
Combination of Izzet and Golgari symbols
DDJ
September 7, 2012[158]
Two 60-card pre-constructed decks

Duel Decks: Sorin vs. Tibalt
Combination of stylized sword and devil horns
DDK
March 15, 2013[159]
Two 60-card pre-constructed decks

Duel Decks: Heroes vs. Monsters
Combination axe, helmet, and wings
DDL
September 6, 2013[160]
Two 60-card pre-constructed decks

Duel Decks: Jace vs. Vraska
Arcane symbol and gorgon tentacle
DDM
March 14, 2014[161]
Two 60-card pre-constructed decks

Duel Decks: Speed vs. Cunning
Winged eye
DDN
September 5, 2014[162]
Two 60-card pre-constructed decks

Duel Decks Anthology
No specific symbol
DD3
December 5, 2014[163]
A reprint of the first four Dual Deck sets

Duel Decks: Elspeth vs. Kiora
Godsend (Elspeth's spear) and waves
DDO
February 27, 2015[164]
Two 60-card pre-constructed decks

Duel Decks: Zendikar vs. Eldrazi
Half-hedron and Eldrazi tentacle
DDP
August 28, 2015[165]
Two 60-card pre-constructed decks

Duel Decks: Blessed vs. Cursed
Demon wing and half of Avacyn's collar
DDQ
February 26, 2016[166]
Two 60-card pre-constructed decks

Duel Decks: Nissa vs. Ob Nixilis
Hedron and horns
DDR
September 2, 2016[167]
Two 60-card pre-constructed decks

Duel Decks: Mind vs. Might
Stylized knotwork
DDS
March 31, 2017[168]
Two 60-card pre-constructed decks

Duel Decks: Merfolk vs. Goblins
Combined trident and axe heads
DDT
November 10, 2017[169]
Two 60-card pre-constructed decks

Duel Decks: Elves vs. Inventors
Bow and arrow superimposed on gear
DDU
April 6, 2018[170]
Two 60-card pre-constructed decks

From the Vault

From the Vault: Dragons
Wings of a Dragon
DRB
August 29, 2008[171]
15 limited foil dragon cards

From the Vault: Exiled
An arrow firing diagonally leaving a trail
V09
August 28, 2009[172]
15 limited foil formerly banned cards

From the Vault: Relics
An orb on a stand
V10
August 27, 2010[173]
15 limited foil artifact cards

From the Vault: Legends
A crown[174]
V11
August 26, 2011[174]
15 limited foil legendary creature cards

From the Vault: Realms
Mountain and sunrise
V12
August 31, 2012[175]
15 limited foil land cards

From the Vault: Twenty
Numeral 20 in a circle
V13
August 23, 2013[176]
20 limited foil cards

From the Vault: Annihilation
Stylized bomb or fractured orb
V14
August 22, 2014[177]
15 limited foil cards

From the Vault: Angels
Stylized angel wings
V15
August 21, 2015[178]
15 limited foil cards

From the Vault: Lore
Scroll unrolling to become castle tower
V16
August 19, 2016[179]
15 limited foil cards and one token

From the Vault: Transform
unrevealed
V17
November 24, 2017[180]
15 limited foil double-faced cards

Signature Spellbook

Signature Spellbook: Jace
unrevealed
SS1
June 15, 2018[181]
9 cards

Premium Deck Series

Premium Deck Series: Slivers
A coiled sliver
H09
November 20, 2009[182]
60-card premium foil deck

Premium Deck Series: Fire and Lightning
A flame and lightning bolt
PD2
November 19, 2010[183]
60-card premium foil deck

Premium Deck Series: Graveborn
A human skull
PD3
November 18, 2011[184]
60-card premium foil deck

Masters Series

Modern Masters
A stylized City of Brass
MMA
June 7, 2013[185]
229[185]
101[186]
60[186]
53[186]
15[186]
—
—

Modern Masters 2015 Edition
The City of Brass symbol rotated and then mirrored
MM2
May 22, 2015[187]
249[187]
101
80
53
15
—
—

Eternal Masters
Unusually-shaped hourglass
EMA
June 10, 2016[188]
249[188]
101
80
53
15
—
—

Modern Masters 2017 Edition
Floating "U" over crown
MM3
March 17, 2017[189]
249[189]
101
80
53
15
—
—

Iconic Masters
Stylized letters I and M.
IMA
November 17, 2017[190]
249[190]
unrevealed

Masters 25
The number 25 over the planeswalker symbol
A25
March 16, 2018[191]
249[190]
unrevealed

Deck Builder's Toolkits

Deck Builder's Toolkit
"M10"
w10
May 21, 2010[192]
Box set of 285 cards

Deck Builder's Toolkit (Refreshed Version)
"M11"
w11
March 11, 2011[192]
Box set of 285 cards

Deck Builder's Toolkit (2012 Edition)
"M12"
w12
July 13, 2012
Box set of 285 cards

Deck Builder's Toolkit (2014 Core Set Edition)
"M14"
w14
July 19, 2013
Box set of 285 cards

Deck Builder's Toolkit (2015 Core Set Edition)
"M15"
w15
July 18, 2014
Box set of 285 cards

Deck Builder's Toolkit (Magic Origins Edition)
Planeswalker symbol breaking through the horizon
ORI
July 17, 2015
Box set of 285 cards

Deck Builder's Toolkit (Shadows over Innistrad Edition)
Star with trail and "16"
w16
April 8, 2016
Box set of 285 cards

Deck Builder's Toolkit (Amonkhet Edition)
Star with trail and "17"
w17
April 28, 2017
Box set of 285 cards

Deck Builder's Toolkit (Ixalan Edition)
Star with trail and "17"
w17
September 29, 2017
Box set of 285 cards

(Holiday) Gift Boxes

2012 Holiday Gift Box
N/A
N/A
November 16, 2012[193]
4 Boosters, 20 basic lands, 1 foil alternate-art card from Return to Ravnica (Dreg Mangler), 6 illustrated plastic dividers + stickers for customizing the dividers

2013 Holiday Gift Box
N/A
N/A
November 15, 2013[194]
4 Boosters, 20 basic lands, 1 foil alternate-art card from Theros (Karametra's Acolyte), 6 illustrated plastic dividers + stickers for customizing the dividers

2014 Holiday Gift Box
N/A
N/A
November 14, 2014[195]
4 Boosters, 20 basic lands, 1 foil alternate-art card from Khans of Tarkir (Sultai Charm), 6 illustrated plastic dividers + stickers for customizing the dividers

2015 Holiday Gift Box
N/A
N/A
November 6, 2015[196]
5 Boosters, 20 basic lands, 1 foil alternate-art card from Battle for Zendikar (Scythe Leopard), 6 illustrated plastic dividers + stickers for customizing the dividers

Shadows over Innistrad: The Gift Box
N/A
N/A
May 13, 2016 [197]
5 Boosters, 20 basic lands, 1 foil alternate-art card from Shadows over Innistrad (Ravenous Bloodseeker), 6 illustrated plastic dividers + stickers for customizing the dividers

Kaladesh: The Gift Box
N/A
N/A
N/A
5 Boosters, 20 basic lands, 1 foil alternate-art card from Kaladesh (Chief of the Foundry), 6 illustrated plastic dividers + stickers for customizing the dividers

text: Masterpiece Series[edit]

text: Starting with Kaladesh block, some blocks and sets also include an entry in the Masterpiece Series. The Zendikar Expeditions from Battle for Zendikar were not released under the title of Masterpiece Series, but were retroactively included in the series.[198] Cards in the Masterpiece Series entry for a given block appear in booster packs for that block's sets at a rate lower than that of Mythic Rares, and consist of either reprints, or cards from the set whose packs they appear in. However, they are not considered part of that set, and instead get their own expansion symbol; moreover, as with reprint sets (see below), printing in a Masterpiece Series entry does not affect format legality. Note that entries in the Masterpiece Series do not have expansion codes, except for Zendikar Expeditions, which has code "EXP".

text:
Block/set
Set
Expansion symbol[3]
Release Date
Total Cards
Cards in first set
Cards in second set

Battle for Zendikar
Zendikar Expeditions
Hedron with base
September 26, 2015
45
25
20

Kaladesh
Kaladesh Inventions
Stylized column or letter π
September 24, 2016
54
30
24

Amonkhet
Amonkhet Invocations
Nicol Bolas' head shape
April 28, 2017
54
30
24

text: Multiplayer-focused sets[edit]

text: Starting with Planechase in 2009, Wizards of the Coast has occasionally printed sets intended primarily for multiplayer play, which do not necessarily consist entirely of reprints but are not legal in Standard; a card printed in one of these is legal only in Eternal formats, and reprinting a card in one of these sets does not affect when it leaves Standard. These sets usually consist of fixed decks.

text:
Set
Expansion symbol[3]
Expansion
code[4][3]
Release date
Size[3][5]
New cards

Total Cards
Common
Uncommon
Rare
Mythic Rare
Basic Land
Other

Planechase

Planechase
Two circular arcs, the lower with three upper spikes
HOP
September 4, 2009[199]
Four 60-card decks + 40 plane cards
0

Planechase 2012 Edition
Two circular arcs, the upper with three bites removed from bottom
PC2
June 1, 2012[200]
Four 60-card decks and 40 plane or phenomenon cards
21

Planechase Anthology
Two circular arcs, the upper with five upper spikes
PCA
November 25, 2016[201]
Four 60-card decks and 86 plane or phenomenon cards
0

Archenemy

Archenemy
A trident
ARC
June 18, 2010[202]
Four decks, each with 60 cards and 20 oversized scheme cards
0

Archenemy: Nicol Bolas
Nicol's horns with orb
E01
June 16, 2017[203]
Four 60-card decks, four planeswalker cards, and one 20-card scheme deck
0

Commander

Commander
Three prongs symbolizing the "wedge" coloration
CMD
June 17, 2011[204]
Five 100-card decks each with 3 oversized foil Commander cards
51

Commander's Arsenal
3-part gem
CM1
November 2, 2012[205]
28 foil cards (18 regular, 10 oversized)
0

Commander 2013 Edition
3-part gem with hooks
C13
November 1, 2013[206]
Five 100-card decks each with 3 oversized foil Commander cards
51

Commander 2014
Shield-shaped 3-part gem
C14
November 7, 2014[207]
Five 100-card decks each with 1 oversized foil Commander card
61

Commander 2015
2-part shield
C15
November 13, 2015[208]
Five 100-card decks each with 1 oversized foil Commander card
56

Commander 2016
Bisected shield
C16
November 11, 2016[209]
Five 100-card decks each with 1 oversized foil Commander card
56

Commander Anthology
Shield with crown
CMA
June 9, 2017[210]
Four 100-card decks each with 1 oversized foil Commander card
0

Commander 2017
Shield with 4 parts
C17
August 25, 2017[211]
Four 100-card decks each with 1 oversized foil Commander card
56

Commander Anthology Volume II
unrevealed
CM2
June 8, 2018[212]
Four 100-card decks each with 1 oversized foil Commander card
0

Commander 2018
unrevealed
C18
August 10, 2018[213]
Four 100-card decks each with 1 oversized foil Commander card
unrevealed

Conspiracy

Conspiracy
Seal
CNS
June 6, 2014[214]
210[XXXII]
89
68
43
10
—
—
65

Conspiracy: Take the Crown
Seal of the Black Rose
CN2
August 26, 2016[215]
221[215]
90
67
50
14
—
—
80

Other sets

Explorers of Ixalan
Ship's wheel
E02
November 24, 2017[216]
Four 60-card decks and various game components
0

Battlebond
unrevealed
BBD[217]
June 8, 2018[218]
254[218]
85

text: Non-DCI-sanctioned-tournament-play-legal sets[edit]

text: These sets, though also published by Wizards of the Coast, are not legal for DCI-sanctioned tournament play.

text:
Set
Expansion symbol[3]
Expansion
code[4][3]
Pre-release date
Release date
Size[3][5]

Total Cards
Common
Uncommon
Rare
Mythic Rare
Basic Land
Other

Collector's Edition[219]
no symbol[XXXIII]
CED
none
December 1993[220]
363
75
95
117
—
76
—

International Collector's Edition
no symbol[XXXIV]
CED
none
December 1993[220]
363
75
95
117
—
76
—

Astral[XXII]
star with a trail
none
none
April 1997[221]
12
—
—
—
—
—
—

Un-sets[XXIII]

Unglued
A cracked-open egg
UGL
August 7, 1998[41]
August 17, 1998
88
33
22
28
—
5
—

Unhinged
A horseshoe
UNH
November 20, 2004[222]
November 19, 2004[222]
141
55
40
40
—
5
1[XXIV]

Unstable
A wrench with an acorn-shaped hole
UST
none
December 8, 2017
268[XXXVI][223]
102[XXXVI]
90[XXXVI]
61[XXXVI]
15
5
—

World Championship Decks

World Championship Decks 1999
No specific symbol
none
none
1999[224]
Four 60-card pre-constructed decks

World Championship Decks 2000
No specific symbol
none
none
2000[224]
Four 60-card pre-constructed decks

World Championship Decks 2001
No specific symbol
none
none
2001[224]
Four 60-card pre-constructed decks

World Championship Decks 2002
No specific symbol
none
none
2002[224]
Four 60-card pre-constructed decks

World Championship Decks 2003
No specific symbol
none
none
2003[224]
Four 60-card pre-constructed decks

World Championship Decks 2004
No specific symbol
none
none
2004[224]
Four 60-card pre-constructed decks

text: Magic: The Gathering Online exclusive sets[edit]

text: These sets are exclusive to Magic: The Gathering Online.

text:
Set
Expansion
symbol[3]
Expansion
code[4][3]
Release date
Size[3][5]

Total Cards
Common
Uncommon
Rare
Mythic Rare
Basic Land
Other

Masters Editions

Masters Edition
A circle and a quarter-circle
MED
September 10, 2007[225]
195
60
60
60
—
15
—

Masters Edition II
A circle and two quarter-circles
ME2
September 22, 2008[226]
245
80
80
80
—
5
—

Masters Edition III
A circle behind two quarter-circles
ME3
September 7, 2009[227]
230
75
70
70
—
15
—

Masters Edition IV
4 quarter-circles forming an hourglass
ME4
January 10, 2011[228]
269
80
72
105
—
12
—

Vintage Masters
Helmet with a V-shaped pattern
VMA
June 16, 2014[229]
325
101
80
105
30
—
9

Tempest Remastered
Arch broken by lightning bolt
TPR
May 6, 2015[230]
269
101
80
53
15
20
—

Magic: The Gathering Online Deck Series

Magic Online Deck Series: Legacy Format
No specific symbol
N/A
November 8, 2010[231]
Two 60-card decks with 15 card sideboards

Momir Vig Basic Event Deck
No specific symbol
N/A
November 22, 2010[232]
Deck with 1 avatar card & 60 basic lands

text: Notes[edit]


document_title: List of Rock and Roll Hall of Fame inductees

question_text: when was tom petty inducted into the rock and roll hall of fame

root

text: Inductees[edit]

text: Performers[edit]

text: The performers category is meant for recording artists and bands that have "influence and significance to the development and perpetuation of rock and roll."[2] Artists become eligible for induction in that category 25 years after the release of their first record. In order to be inducted, an artist must be nominated by a committee that selects anywhere from nine to a dozen candidates. Ballots are sent to 600 "rock experts" who then evaluate the candidates and vote on who should be inducted. The performers who receive the highest number of votes and more than 50 percent of the vote are inducted. In 2011, the number inducted was five. The rest of the categories are voted on by special committees.[2] In 2012, six additional bands and groups were inducted as performers by a special committee, due to the controversial nature of their band being excluded when their lead singer was inducted. "There was a lot of discussion about this," said Terry Stewart, a member of the nominating committee. "There had always been conversations about why the groups weren't included when the lead singers were inducted. Very honestly, nobody could really answer that question – it was so long ago... We decided we'd sit down as an organization and look at that. This is the result."[10]

tag: p

text: The vast majority of the inducted bands and vocal groups have experienced personnel changes during their careers (although there are a very few exceptions, such as The Beastie Boys and U2, who never changed their lineups.) The Hall of Fame only inducts the most significant members of the group, although it is unclear what the criteria are for excluding or including members.  This has led to many anamolies.  For example, the Red Hot Chili Peppers excluded longtime guitarists Jack Sherman and Dave Navarro while including new guitarist Josh Klinghoffer who had only been a full member of the band for a year or two at the time of induction. For another example, Guns N' Roses lead singer Axl Rose outlasted every other member of the "classic" quintet which performed on the first two albums, eventually putting together an entirely new lineup which stayed together for twenty years or so beginning in the mid-1990s (but only released one album.) All the newer members were excluded from the Hall of Fame induction save drummer Matt Sorum and keyboardist Dizzy Reed (both of whom joined in 1990.)

text: A few of the conspicuously absent members of other inducted groups include Cindy Birdsong of the Supremes; Eric Carr, Eric Singer and Bruce Kulick of KISS; Bruce Johnston of the Beach Boys; Richie Ramone and C.J. Ramone of the Ramones; Randy Jackson of the Jacksons and Pete Best of the Beatles. On the other hand, two bands included inducted members who were primarily non-performers: road manager (and very occasional keyboardist) Ian Stewart was inducted with the Rolling Stones and lyricist Robert Hunter was inducted with the Grateful Dead.

text:
Year

Image

Name

Inducted members

Inducted by[11]

1986

Chuck Berry

Keith Richards[N2]

1986

James Brown

Steve Winwood[N2]

1986

Ray Charles

Quincy Jones[N2]

1986

Sam Cooke

Herb Alpert[N2]

1986

Fats Domino

Billy Joel[N2]

1986

The Everly Brothers

Don Everly and Phil Everly.[12]

Neil Young[N2]

1986

Buddy Holly

John Fogerty[N2]

1986

Jerry Lee Lewis

Hank Williams Jr.

1986

Little Richard

Roberta Flack

1986

Elvis Presley

Julian and Sean Lennon

1987

The Coasters

Carl Gardner, Cornell Gunter, Billy Guy, and Will "Dub" Jones.[13]

Lester Sill

1987

Eddie Cochran

Mick Jones

1987

Bo Diddley

ZZ Top[N2]

1987

Aretha Franklin

Keith Richards[N2]

1987

Marvin Gaye

Nick Ashford and Valerie Simpson

1987

Bill Haley

Chuck Berry[N3]

1987

B.B. King

Sting[N2]

1987

Clyde McPhatter

Ben E. King[N2]

1987

Ricky Nelson

John Fogerty[N2]

1987

Roy Orbison

Bruce Springsteen[N2]

1987

Carl Perkins

Sam Phillips[N3]

1987

Smokey Robinson

Daryl Hall[N2] and John Oates[N2]

1987

Big Joe Turner

Doc Pomus[N2]

1987

Muddy Waters

Paul Butterfield[N2]

1987

Jackie Wilson

Peter Wolf

1988

The Beach Boys

Al Jardine, Mike Love, Brian Wilson, Carl Wilson, and Dennis Wilson.[14]

Elton John[N2]

1988

The Beatles

George Harrison, John Lennon, Paul McCartney, and Ringo Starr.[15]

Mick Jagger[N2]

1988

The Drifters

Ben E. King, Rudy Lewis, Clyde McPhatter, Johnny Moore, Bill Pinkney, Charlie Thomas, and Gerhart Thrasher.[16]

Billy Joel[N2]

1988

Bob Dylan

Bruce Springsteen[N2]

1988

The Supremes

Florence Ballard, Diana Ross, and Mary Wilson.[17]

Little Richard[N3]

1989

Dion

Lou Reed[N2]

1989

Otis Redding

Little Richard[N3]

1989

The Rolling Stones

Mick Jagger, Brian Jones, Keith Richards, Ian Stewart, Mick Taylor, Charlie Watts, Ronnie Wood, and Bill Wyman.[18]

Pete Townshend[N2]

1989

The Temptations

Melvin Franklin, Eddie Kendricks, David Ruffin, Otis Williams, Paul Williams, Dennis Edwards.[19]

Daryl Hall[N2] and John Oates[N2]

1989

Stevie Wonder

Paul Simon[N2]

1990

Hank Ballard

Boz Scaggs

1990

Bobby Darin

Paul Anka

1990

The Four Seasons

Tom DeVito, Bob Gaudio, Nick Massi, and Frankie Valli.[20]

Bob Crewe

1990

Four Tops

Renaldo "Obie" Benson, Abdul "Duke" Fakir, Lawrence Payton, and Levi Stubbs.[21]

Stevie Wonder[N3]

1990

The Kinks

Mick Avory, Dave Davies, Ray Davies, and Pete Quaife.[22]

Graham Nash[N2]

1990

The Platters

David Lynch, Herb Reed, Paul Robi, Zola Taylor, and Tony Williams.[23]

Phil Spector[N3]

1990

Simon & Garfunkel

Paul Simon and Art Garfunkel.[24]

James Taylor[N2]

1990

The Who

Roger Daltrey, John Entwistle, Keith Moon, and Pete Townshend.[25]

Bono[N2]

1991

LaVern Baker

Chaka Khan

1991

The Byrds

Gene Clark, Michael Clarke, David Crosby, Chris Hillman, and Roger McGuinn.[26]

Don Henley[N2]

1991

John Lee Hooker

Bonnie Raitt[N2]

1991

—

The Impressions

Curtis Mayfield, Sam Gooden, Fred Cash, Arthur Brooks, Richard Brooks, and Jerry Butler.[27]

Tracy Chapman

1991

Wilson Pickett

Bobby Brown

1991

Jimmy Reed

ZZ Top[N2]

1991

Ike & Tina Turner

Ike Turner and Tina Turner.[28]

Phil Spector[N3]

1992

Bobby "Blue" Bland

B.B. King[N3]

1992

Booker T. & the M.G.'s

Booker T. Jones, Steve Cropper, Donald "Duck" Dunn, Al Jackson Jr., and Lewie Steinberg.[29]

Jim Stewart

1992

Johnny Cash

Lyle Lovett

1992

The Isley Brothers

Ernie Isley, Marvin Isley, O'Kelly Isley Jr., Ronald Isley, Rudolph Isley, and Chris Jasper.[30]

Little Richard[N3]

1992

The Jimi Hendrix Experience

Jimi Hendrix, Mitch Mitchell, and Noel Redding.[31]

Neil Young[N2]

1992

Sam & Dave

Sam Moore and Dave Prater.[32]

Billy Joel[N2]

1992

The Yardbirds

Jeff Beck, Eric Clapton, Chris Dreja, Jim McCarty, Jimmy Page, Keith Relf, and Paul Samwell-Smith.[33]

The Edge[N2]

1993

Ruth Brown

Bonnie Raitt[N2]

1993

Cream

Ginger Baker, Jack Bruce, and Eric Clapton.[34]

ZZ Top[N2]

1993

Creedence Clearwater Revival

Doug Clifford, Stu Cook, John Fogerty, and Tom Fogerty.[35]

Bruce Springsteen[N2]

1993

The Doors

John Densmore, Robby Krieger, Ray Manzarek, and Jim Morrison.[36]

Eddie Vedder[N2]

1993

Frankie Lymon & The Teenagers

Herman Santiago, Jimmy Merchant, Sherman Garnes, Frankie Lymon, and Joe Negroni[37]

Boyz II Men

1993

Etta James

k.d. lang

1993

Van Morrison

Robbie Robertson[N2]

1993

Sly and the Family Stone

Gregg Errico, Larry Graham, Jerry Martini, Cynthia Robinson, Freddie Stone, Rosie Stone, and Sly Stone.[38]

George Clinton[N2]

1994

The Animals

Eric Burdon, Chas Chandler, Alan Price, John Steel, and Hilton Valentine.[39]

Dave Pirner

1994

The Band

Rick Danko, Levon Helm, Garth Hudson, Richard Manuel, and Robbie Robertson.[40]

Eric Clapton[N3]

1994

Duane Eddy

Mick Jones

1994

Grateful Dead

Tom Constanten, Jerry Garcia, Donna Jean Godchaux, Keith Godchaux, Mickey Hart, Robert Hunter, Bill Kreutzmann, Phil Lesh, Ron McKernan, Brent Mydland, Bob Weir, and Vince Welnick.[41]

Bruce Hornsby

1994

Elton John

Axl Rose[N2]

1994

John Lennon

Paul McCartney[N2]

1994

Bob Marley

Bono[N2]

1994

Rod Stewart

Jeff Beck[N3]

1995

The Allman Brothers Band

Duane Allman, Gregg Allman, Dickey Betts, Jai Johanny Johanson, Berry Oakley, and Butch Trucks.[42]

Willie Nelson

1995

Al Green

Natalie Cole

1995

Janis Joplin

Melissa Etheridge

1995

Led Zeppelin

John Bonham, John Paul Jones, Jimmy Page, and Robert Plant[43]

Steven Tyler[N2] and Joe Perry[N2]

1995

Martha and the Vandellas

Rosalind Ashford, Annette Beard, Betty Kelly, Lois Reeves, and Martha Reeves.[44]

Fred Schneider and Kate Pierson

1995

Neil Young

Eddie Vedder[N2]

1995

Frank Zappa

Lou Reed[N2]

1996

David Bowie

Madonna[N2] and David Byrne[N2]

1996

Gladys Knight & the Pips

William Guest, Gladys Knight, Merald "Bubba" Knight, and Edward Patten.[45]

Mariah Carey

1996

Jefferson Airplane

Marty Balin, Jack Casady, Spencer Dryden, Paul Kantner, Jorma Kaukonen, and Grace Slick.[46]

Mickey Hart[N3] and Phil Lesh[N3]

1996

Little Willie John

Stevie Wonder[N3]

1996

Pink Floyd

Syd Barrett, David Gilmour, Nick Mason, Roger Waters, and Rick Wright.[47]

Billy Corgan

1996

The Shirelles

Shirley Alston Reeves, Addie Harris, Doris Kenner-Jackson, and Beverly Lee.[48]

Merry Clayton, Marianne Faithfull and Darlene Love[N2]

1996

The Velvet Underground

John Cale, Sterling Morrison, Lou Reed, and Maureen Tucker.[49]

Patti Smith[N2]

1997

Bee Gees

Barry Gibb, Maurice Gibb, and Robin Gibb.[50]

Brian Wilson[N3]

1997

Buffalo Springfield

Richie Furay, Dewey Martin, Bruce Palmer, Stephen Stills, and Neil Young.[51]

Tom Petty[N2]

1997

Crosby, Stills & Nash

David Crosby, Graham Nash, and Stephen Stills.[52]

James Taylor[N2]

1997

The Jackson 5

Jackie Jackson, Jermaine Jackson, Marlon Jackson, Michael Jackson, and Tito Jackson.[53]

Diana Ross[N3]

1997

Joni Mitchell

Shawn Colvin

1997

Parliament-Funkadelic

Jerome Brailey, George Clinton, Bootsy Collins, Raymond Davis, Tiki Fulwood, Glenn Goins, Michael Hampton, Fuzzy Haskins, Eddie Hazel, Walter Morrison, Cordell Mosson, William "Billy Bass" Nelson, Garry Shider, Calvin Simon, Grady Thomas, and Bernie Worrell.[54]

Prince[N2]

1997

The (Young) Rascals

Eddie Brigati, Felix Cavaliere, Gene Cornish, and Dino Danelli.[55]

Steven Van Zandt[N2]

1998

Eagles

Don Felder, Glenn Frey, Don Henley, Bernie Leadon, Randy Meisner, Timothy B. Schmit, and Joe Walsh.[56]

Jimmy Buffett

1998

Fleetwood Mac

Lindsey Buckingham, Mick Fleetwood, Peter Green, Danny Kirwan, Christine McVie, John McVie, Stevie Nicks, and Jeremy Spencer.[57]

Sheryl Crow

1998

The Mamas & the Papas

Denny Doherty, Cass Elliot, John Phillips, and Michelle Phillips.[58]

Shania Twain

1998

Lloyd Price

Tony Rich

1998

Santana

Jose Chepito Areas, David Brown, Michael Carabello, Gregg Rolie, Carlos Santana, and Michael Shrieve.[59]

John Popper

1998

Gene Vincent

John Fogerty[N3]

1999

Billy Joel

Ray Charles[N3]

1999

Curtis Mayfield

Sean Combs

1999

Paul McCartney

Neil Young[N3]

1999

Del Shannon

Art Alexakis

1999

Dusty Springfield

Elton John[N3]

1999

Bruce Springsteen

Bono[N2]

1999

The Staple Singers

Cleotha Staples, Mavis Staples, Pervis Staples, Pops Staples, and Yvonne Staples.[60]

Lauryn Hill

2000

Eric Clapton

Robbie Robertson[N3]

2000

Earth, Wind & Fire

Philip Bailey, Larry Dunn, Johnny Graham, Ralph Johnson, Al McKay, Fred White, Maurice White, Verdine White, and Andrew Woolfolk.[61]

Lil Kim

2000

The Lovin' Spoonful

Steve Boone, Joe Butler, John Sebastian, and Zal Yanovsky.[61]

John Mellencamp[N2]

2000

The Moonglows

Prentiss Barnes, Harvey Fuqua, Peter Graves, Billy Johnson, and Bobby Lester.[61]

Paul Simon[N3]

2000

Bonnie Raitt

Melissa Etheridge

2000

James Taylor

Paul McCartney[N3]

2001

Aerosmith

Tom Hamilton, Joey Kramer, Joe Perry, Steven Tyler, and Brad Whitford.[62]

Kid Rock

2001

Solomon Burke

Mary J. Blige

2001

The Flamingos

Jake Carey, Zeke Carey, Johnny Carter, Tommy Hunt, Terry "Buzzy" Johnson, Sollie McElroy, Nate Nelson, and Paul Wilson.[63]

Frankie Valli[N3]

2001

Michael Jackson

NSYNC

2001

Queen

John Deacon, Brian May, Freddie Mercury, and Roger Taylor.[64]

Dave Grohl[N2] and Taylor Hawkins

2001

Paul Simon

Marc Anthony

2001

Steely Dan

Walter Becker and Donald Fagen.[65]

Moby

2001

Ritchie Valens

Ricky Martin

2002

Isaac Hayes

Alicia Keys

2002

Brenda Lee

Jewel

2002

Tom Petty and the Heartbreakers

Tom Petty, Ron Blair, Mike Campbell, Howie Epstein, Stan Lynch, and Benmont Tench.[66]

Jakob Dylan

2002

Gene Pitney

Darlene Love[N2]

2002

Ramones

Dee Dee Ramone, Joey Ramone, Johnny Ramone, Marky Ramone, and Tommy Ramone.[67]

Eddie Vedder[N2]

2002

Talking Heads

David Byrne, Chris Frantz, Jerry Harrison, and Tina Weymouth.[68]

Anthony Kiedis[N2]

2003

AC/DC

Brian Johnson, Phil Rudd, Bon Scott, Cliff Williams, Angus Young, and Malcolm Young.[69]

Steven Tyler[N3]

2003

The Clash

Terry Chimes, Topper Headon, Mick Jones, Paul Simonon, and Joe Strummer.[70]

The Edge[N2] and Tom Morello

2003

Elvis Costello & the Attractions

Elvis Costello, Steve Nieve, Bruce Thomas, and Pete Thomas.[71]

Elton John[N3]

2003

The Police

Stewart Copeland, Sting, and Andy Summers.[72]

Gwen Stefani

2003

The Righteous Brothers

Bobby Hatfield and Bill Medley.[73]

Billy Joel[N3]

2004

Jackson Browne

Bruce Springsteen[N3]

2004

The Dells

Verne Allison, Chuck Barksdale, Johnny Carter, Johnny Funches, Marvin Junior, and Michael McGill.[74]

Robert Townsend

2004

George Harrison

Tom Petty[N3] and Jeff Lynne[N2]

2004

Prince

Outkast and Alicia Keys

2004

Bob Seger

Kid Rock

2004

Traffic

Jim Capaldi, Dave Mason, Steve Winwood, and Chris Wood.[75]

Dave Matthews

2004

ZZ Top

Frank Beard, Billy Gibbons, and Dusty Hill.[76]

Keith Richards[N3]

2005

Buddy Guy

Eric Clapton[N3] and B.B. King[N3]

2005

The O'Jays

Eddie Levert, Bobby Massey, William Powell, Sammy Strain, and Walter Williams.[77]

Justin Timberlake

2005

The Pretenders

Martin Chambers, Pete Farndon, James Honeyman-Scott, and Chrissie Hynde.[78]

Neil Young[N3]

2005

Percy Sledge

Rod Stewart[N3]

2005

U2

Bono, Adam Clayton, The Edge, and Larry Mullen, Jr..[79]

Bruce Springsteen[N3]

2006

Black Sabbath

Geezer Butler, Tony Iommi, Ozzy Osbourne, and Bill Ward.[80]

James Hetfield[N2] and Lars Ulrich[N2]

2006

Blondie

Clem Burke, Jimmy Destri, Nigel Harrison, Debbie Harry, Frank Infante, Chris Stein, and Gary Valentine.[81]

Shirley Manson

2006

Miles Davis

Herbie Hancock

2006

Lynyrd Skynyrd

Bob Burns, Allen Collins, Steve Gaines, Ed King, Billy Powell, Artimus Pyle, Gary Rossington, Ronnie Van Zant, and Leon Wilkeson.[82]

Kid Rock

2006

Sex Pistols

Paul Cook, Steve Jones, Glen Matlock, John Lydon, and Sid Vicious.[83]

Jann Wenner[N3]

2007

Grandmaster Flash and The Furious Five

Melvin "Melle Mel" Glover, Nathaniel "The Kidd Creole" Glover, Eddie "Scorpio" Morris, Joseph "Grandmaster Flash" Sadler, Robert Keith "Keef Cowboy" Wiggins, and Guy Todd "Rahiem" Williams.[84]

Jay-Z

2007

R.E.M.

Bill Berry, Peter Buck, Mike Mills, and Michael Stipe.[85]

Eddie Vedder[N2]

2007

The Ronettes

Estelle Bennett, Ronnie Spector, and Nedra Talley.[86]

Keith Richards[N3]

2007

Patti Smith

Zack de la Rocha

2007

Van Halen

Michael Anthony, Sammy Hagar, David Lee Roth, Alex Van Halen, and Eddie Van Halen.[87]

Velvet Revolver

2008

The Dave Clark Five

Dave Clark, Lenny Davidson, Rick Huxley, Denis Payton, and Mike Smith.[88]

Tom Hanks

2008

Leonard Cohen

Lou Reed[N2]

2008

Madonna

Justin Timberlake

2008

John Mellencamp

Billy Joel[N3]

2008

The Ventures

Bob Bogle, Nokie Edwards, Gerry McGee, Mel Taylor, and Don Wilson.[89]

John Fogerty[N3]

2009

Jeff Beck

Jimmy Page[N3]

2009

Little Anthony and the Imperials

Clarence Collins, Anthony Gourdine, Tracy Lord, Glouster "Nat" Rogers, Sammy Strain, and Ernest Wright Jr.[90]

Smokey Robinson[N3]

2009

Metallica

Cliff Burton, Kirk Hammett, James Hetfield, Jason Newsted, Robert Trujillo, and Lars Ulrich.[91]

Flea[N2]

2009

Run-DMC

Darryl "D.M.C." McDaniels, Jason "Jam-Master Jay" Mizell, and Joseph "DJ Run" Simmons.[92]

Eminem

2009

Bobby Womack

Ron Wood[N3]

2010

ABBA

Benny Andersson, Agnetha Fältskog, Anni-Frid Lyngstad, and Björn Ulvaeus.[93]

Barry[N3] and Robin Gibb[N3]

2010

Genesis

Tony Banks, Phil Collins, Peter Gabriel, Steve Hackett, and Mike Rutherford.[94]

Trey Anastasio

2010

Jimmy Cliff

Wyclef Jean

2010

The Hollies

Bernie Calvert, Allan Clarke, Bobby Elliott, Eric Haydock, Tony Hicks, Graham Nash, and Terry Sylvester.[95]

Steven Van Zandt[N2]

2010

The Stooges

Dave Alexander, Ron Asheton, Scott Asheton, Iggy Pop, and James Williamson.[96]

Billie Joe Armstrong[N2]

2011

Alice Cooper

Alice Cooper, Michael Owen Bruce, Glen Buxton, Dennis Dunaway, and Neal Smith.[97]

Rob Zombie

2011

Neil Diamond

Paul Simon[N3]

2011

Dr. John

John Legend

2011

Darlene Love

Bette Midler

2011

Tom Waits

Neil Young[N3]

2012

Beastie Boys

Michael "Mike D" Diamond, Adam "Ad-Rock" Horovitz, and Adam "MCA" Yauch.[98]

Chuck D[N2] and LL Cool J

2012

—

The Blue Caps[N1]

Backing band for Gene Vincent. Inducted: Tommy Facenda, Cliff Gallup, Dickie Harrell, Bobby Jones, Johnny Meeks, Jack Neal, Paul Peek, and Willie Williams.[99]

Smokey Robinson[N3]

2012

The Comets[N1]

Backing band for Bill Haley. Inducted: Joey Ambrose, Franny Beecher, Danny Cedrone, Johnny Grande, Ralph Jones, Marshall Lytle, Rudy Pompilli, Al Rex, Dick Richards, and Billy Williamson.[100]

Smokey Robinson[N3]

2012

The Crickets[N1]

Backing band for Buddy Holly. Inducted: Jerry Allison, Sonny Curtis, Joe B. Mauldin, and Niki Sullivan.[101]

Smokey Robinson[N3]

2012

Donovan

John Mellencamp[N3]

2012

The Famous Flames[N1]

Backing vocal group for James Brown. Inducted: Bobby Bennett, Bobby Byrd, Lloyd Stallworth, and Johnny Terry.[102]

Smokey Robinson[N3]

2012

Guns N' Roses

Steven Adler, Duff McKagan, Dizzy Reed, Axl Rose, Slash, Matt Sorum, and Izzy Stradlin.[103]

Green Day[N2]

2012

—

The Midnighters[N1]

Backing vocal group for Hank Ballard. Inducted: Henry Booth, Billy Davis, Cal Green, Arthur Porter, Lawson Smith, Charles Sutton, Norman Thrasher, and Sonny Woods.[104]

Smokey Robinson[N3]

2012

The Miracles[N1]

Backing vocal group for Smokey Robinson. Inducted: Claudette Rogers, Bobby Rogers, Ronald White, Marv Tarplin, and Pete Moore.[105]

Smokey Robinson[N3]

2012

Laura Nyro

Bette Midler

2012

Red Hot Chili Peppers

Flea, John Frusciante, Jack Irons, Anthony Kiedis, Josh Klinghoffer, Cliff Martinez, Hillel Slovak, and Chad Smith.[106]

Chris Rock

2012

—

Small Faces/Faces

Kenney Jones, Ronnie Lane, Ian McLagan, Steve Marriott, Rod Stewart, and Ronnie Wood.[107]

Steven Van Zandt[N2]

2013

Heart

Michael DeRosier, Roger Fisher, Steve Fossen, Howard Leese, Ann Wilson, and Nancy Wilson.[108]

Chris Cornell

2013

Albert King

John Mayer

2013

Randy Newman

Don Henley[N3]

2013

Public Enemy

Flavor Flav, Professor Griff, Terminator X, and Chuck D.[109]

Harry Belafonte and Spike Lee

2013

Rush

Geddy Lee, Alex Lifeson, and Neil Peart.[110]

Dave Grohl[N2] and Taylor Hawkins

2013

Donna Summer

Kelly Rowland

2014

Peter Gabriel

Chris Martin

2014

Hall & Oates

Daryl Hall and John Oates.[111]

Questlove

2014

Kiss

Peter Criss, Ace Frehley, Gene Simmons, and Paul Stanley.[112]

Tom Morello

2014

Nirvana

Kurt Cobain, Dave Grohl, and Krist Novoselic.[113]

Michael Stipe[N3]

2014

Linda Ronstadt

Glenn Frey[N3]

2014

Cat Stevens

Art Garfunkel[N3]

2015

The Paul Butterfield Blues Band

Paul Butterfield, Mike Bloomfield, Elvin Bishop, Mark Naftalin, Jerome Arnold,  Billy Davenport, and Sam Lay.[114]

Peter Wolf

2015

Joan Jett & the Blackhearts

Joan Jett, Gary Ryan, Lee Crystal, and Ricky Byrd.[115]

Miley Cyrus

2015

Lou Reed[116]

Patti Smith[N3]

2015

Green Day

Billie Joe Armstrong, Tré Cool, and Mike Dirnt.[117]

Fall Out Boy

2015

Stevie Ray Vaughan and Double Trouble

Stevie Ray Vaughan, Chris Layton, Tommy Shannon, and Reese Wynans.[118]

John Mayer

2015

Bill Withers

Stevie Wonder[N3]

2016

Cheap Trick

Bun E. Carlos, Rick Nielsen, Tom Petersson, and Robin Zander.[119]

Kid Rock

2016

Chicago

Peter Cetera, Terry Kath, Robert Lamm, Lee Loughnane, James Pankow, Walter Parazaider, and Danny Seraphine.[120]

Rob Thomas

2016

Deep Purple

Ritchie Blackmore, David Coverdale, Rod Evans, Ian Gillan, Roger Glover, Glenn Hughes, Jon Lord, and Ian Paice[121]

Lars Ulrich[N3]

2016

N.W.A

DJ Yella, Ice Cube, MC Ren, Eazy-E, and Dr. Dre[122]

Kendrick Lamar

2016

Steve Miller

The Black Keys

2017

Electric Light Orchestra

Bev Bevan, Jeff Lynne, Richard Tandy, and Roy Wood[123]

Dhani Harrison

2017

Joan Baez

Jackson Browne[N3]

2017

Journey

Jonathan Cain, Aynsley Dunbar, Steve Perry, Gregg Rolie, Neal Schon, Steve Smith, and Ross Valory[124]

Pat Monahan

2017

Pearl Jam

Jeff Ament, Matt Cameron, Stone Gossard, Dave Krusen, Mike McCready, and Eddie Vedder[125]

David Letterman

2017

Tupac Shakur

Snoop Dogg

2017

Yes

Jon Anderson, Bill Bruford, Steve Howe, Tony Kaye, Trevor Rabin, Chris Squire, Rick Wakeman, and Alan White[126]

Geddy Lee[N3] and Alex Lifeson[N3]

2018

Bon Jovi

Jon Bon Jovi, David Bryan, Hugh McDonald, Richie Sambora, Alec John Such and Tico Torres[127]

Howard Stern

2018

The Cars

Elliot Easton, Greg Hawkes, David Robinson, Ric Ocasek and Benjamin Orr[128]

Brandon Flowers

2018

Dire Straits

Alan Clark, Guy Fletcher, John Illsley, David Knopfler, Mark Knopfler and Pick Withers[129]

John Illsley[N4]

2018

The Moody Blues

Graeme Edge, Justin Hayward, Denny Laine, John Lodge, Mike Pinder and Ray Thomas[130]

Ann Wilson[N3]

2018

Nina Simone

Mary J. Blige

text: ^ Note 1. These backing bands were inducted by a separate committee, and not by the ballot voting used for all other performer inductees.

text: ^ Note 2. This artist was later inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame after inducting someone else.

text: ^ Note 3. This artist was already a member of the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame when they inducted someone else.

text: ^ Note 4. Dire Straits were the first artist in the hall's history to not have an official induction speaker. Band member John Illsley did the induction speech himself.[131]

text: Early influences[edit]

text: Artists inducted into the early influences category are those "whose music predated rock and roll but had an impact on the evolution of rock and roll and inspired rock's leading artists."[2] Unlike the performers category, these inductees are selected by a committee. The full process is not transparent and it is unclear who comprises this selection committee.[2]

text:
Year

Name

1986

Jimmie Rodgers

1986

Jimmy Yancey

1986

Robert Johnson

1987

Louis Jordan

1987

T-Bone Walker

1987

Hank Williams

1988

Woody Guthrie

1988

Lead Belly

1988

Les Paul

1989

The Ink Spots[A]

1989

Bessie Smith

1989

The Soul Stirrers[B]

1990

Charlie Christian

1990

Louis Armstrong

1990

Ma Rainey

1991

Howlin' Wolf

1992

Elmore James

1992

Professor Longhair

1993

Dinah Washington

1994

Willie Dixon

1995

The Orioles[C]

1996

Pete Seeger

1997

Mahalia Jackson

1997

Bill Monroe

1998

Jelly Roll Morton

1999

Bob Wills & His Texas Playboys[D]

1999

Charles Brown

2000

Nat King Cole

2000

Billie Holiday

2009

Wanda Jackson

2012

Freddie King[E]

2015

The "5" Royales[E][F]

2018

Sister Rosetta Tharpe[E]

text:
^ A. Inducted members: Bill Kenny, Charlie Fuqua, Deek Watson, and Orville "Hoppy" Jones.[132]
^ B. Inducted members: Roy Crain Sr., R. H. Harris, Jesse Farley, and E. A. Rundless.[133]
^ C. Inducted members: Sonny Til, Tommy Gaither, George Nelson, Johnny Reed, and Alexander Sharp.[134]
^ D. Inducted members: Bob Wills, Tommy Duncan, Leon McAuliffe, Johnny Gimble, Joe "Jody" Holley, Tiny Moore, Herb Remington, Eldon Shamblin, and Al Stricklin.[135]
^ E. Nominated as a performer.
^ F. Inducted members: John L. Tanner, Eugene Tanner, James E. Moore, Obadiah H. Carter and Lowman Pauling, Jr[136]

text: Non-performers (Ahmet Ertegun Award)[edit]

text: The non-performer category honors "songwriters, producers, disc jockeys, record executives, journalists and other industry professionals who have had a major influence on the development of rock and roll."[2] Several of the inductees in this category were in fact prominent performers as well. The inductees in this category are selected by the same committee that chooses the early influences. The full process is not transparent and it is unclear who comprises this selection committee.[2] This category has been criticized for inducting those that have "been coming to the dinner for years and paying for their tickets" and not revealing their full criteria.[137] In 2008, this category was renamed the "Ahmet Ertegün Award".[138]

text:
Year

Name

1986

Alan Freed

1986

Sam Phillips

1987

Leonard Chess

1987

Ahmet Ertegun

1987

Jerry Leiber and Mike Stoller

1987

Jerry Wexler

1988

Berry Gordy, Jr.

1989

Phil Spector

1990

Gerry Goffin and Carole King

1990

Holland–Dozier–Holland

1991

Dave Bartholomew

1991

Ralph Bass

1992

Leo Fender

1992

Bill Graham

1992

Doc Pomus

1993

Dick Clark

1993

Milt Gabler

1994

Johnny Otis

1995

Paul Ackerman

1996

Tom Donahue

1997

Syd Nathan

1998

Allen Toussaint

1999

George Martin

2000

Clive Davis

2001

Chris Blackwell

2002

Jim Stewart

2003

Mo Ostin

2008

Kenny Gamble and Leon Huff

2010

David Geffen

2010

Otis Blackwell

2010

Jeff Barry and Ellie Greenwich

2010

Mort Shuman

2010

Jesse Stone

2010

Barry Mann and Cynthia Weil

2011

Jac Holzman

2011

Art Rupe

2012

Don Kirshner

2013

Lou Adler

2013

Quincy Jones

2014

Brian Epstein

2014

Andrew Loog Oldham

2016

Bert Berns

text: Award for Musical Excellence[edit]

text: This category, which replaced sidemen, "honors those musicians, producers and others who have spent their careers out of the spotlight working with major artists on various parts of their recording and live careers."

text:
Year

Name

2011

Leon Russell

2012

Cosimo Matassa

2012

Tom Dowd

2012

Glyn Johns

2014

E Street Band [G]

2015

Ringo Starr

2017

Nile Rodgers[139]

text: ^ G. Inducted members: Garry Tallent, Roy Bittan, Max Weinberg, Steven Van Zandt, Nils Lofgren, Patti Scialfa, Clarence Clemons, Danny Federici, Vini Lopez, David Sancious.

text: Singles[edit]

text: At the 2018 ceremony, a new induction category for singles was announced by Steven Van Zandt.[140] According to Van Zandt, the category is "a recognition of the excellence of the singles that shaped rock 'n' roll, kind of a rock 'n' roll jukebox, records by artists not in the Rock Hall -- which is not to say these artists will never be in the Rock Hall. They just are not in the Rock Hall at the moment."[140]

text:
Year

Artist

Song (Year)

2018

Jackie Brenston and his Delta Cats

"Rocket 88" (1951)[141]

2018

Link Wray

"Rumble" (1958) [141]

2018

Chubby Checker

"The Twist" (1960)[141]

2018

The Kingsmen

"Louie Louie" (1963)[141]

2018

Procol Harum

"A Whiter Shade of Pale" (1967)[141]

2018

Steppenwolf

"Born to Be Wild" (1968)[141]

text: Sidemen[edit]

text: Established in 2000, the sidemen category "honors those musicians who have spent their careers out of the spotlight, performing as backup musicians for major artists on recording sessions and in concert." A separate committee, composed mainly of producers, chooses the inductees.[2] In 2010, the category was renamed to "Award for Musical Excellence". According to Joel Peresman, the president of the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame Foundation, "This award gives us flexibility to dive into some things and recognize some people who might not ordinarily get recognized."[142]

text:
Year

Name

Instrument

2000

Hal Blaine

Drums[143]

2000

King Curtis

Saxophone[144]

2000

James Jamerson

Bass guitar[145]

2000

Scotty Moore

Guitar[146]

2000

Earl Palmer

Drums[147]

2001

James Burton

Guitar[148]

2001

Johnnie Johnson

Piano[149]

2002

Chet Atkins

Guitar[150]

2003

Benny Benjamin

Drums[151]

2003

Floyd Cramer

Piano[152]

2003

Steve Douglas

Saxophone[153]

2008

Little Walter

Harmonica[154]

2009

Bill Black

Bass guitar[155]

2009

D. J. Fontana

Drums[156]

2009

Spooner Oldham

Keyboard[157]

text: Lifetime achievement[edit]

text: The following were inducted for "Lifetime Achievement in the Non-Performer Category."[2]

text:
Year

Name

1986

John Hammond

1991

Nesuhi Ertegun

2004

Jann Wenner

2005

Frank Barsalona

2005

Seymour Stein

2006

Herb Alpert and Jerry Moss

text: Multiple inductees[edit]

text: As of 2017, 22 performers have been inducted twice or more; fourteen have been recognized as a solo artist and with a band and seven have been inducted with two separate bands. Eric Clapton is the only one to be inducted three times: as a solo artist, with  Cream and with The Yardbirds.[158] Clyde McPhatter was the first to ever be inducted twice and is one of three artists to be inducted first as a solo artist and then as a member of a band, the other artists being Neil Young and Rod Stewart. Stephen Stills is the only artist to be inducted twice in the same year. Crosby, Stills & Nash, inducted in 1997, is the only band to see all of its inducted members be inducted with other acts: David Crosby with The Byrds in 1991, Stephen Stills with Buffalo Springfield in 1997, and Graham Nash with The Hollies in 2010.

text: Two inducted bands were spinoffs of other inducted bands. Journey was founded by two former members of Santana. Led Zeppelin was founded by lead guitarist Jimmy Page after The Yardbirds broke up, with the encouragement of the band's management. They were originally billed as "The New Yardbirds."

text: The Beatles, inducted in 1988, is the second band to have all of its members be inducted, as well as the only band to have each of its members be inducted for their solo careers as their second induction. Ringo Starr is the first inductee to be inducted twice in different categories (The Beatles were inducted in the performers category in 1988 and Starr was inducted as a solo artist in the Award for Musical Excellence category in 2015). He also holds the record for the longest time between first and second inductions, at 27 years. Both of Stills' inductions happened during the 1997 ceremony and Clapton and McPhatter were inducted in back-to-back years (1987/88 for McPhatter, 1992/93 for Clapton, as well as his solo induction in 2000).

text: The Traveling Wilburys are the only band to have all of its members be inducted without the band itself having been inducted: Roy Orbison as a solo artist in 1987, Bob Dylan as a solo artist in 1988, George Harrison with the Beatles in 1988 and as a solo artist in 2004, Tom Petty with Tom Petty and the Heartbreakers in 2002, and Jeff Lynne with the Electric Light Orchestra in 2017.

text: There are several performers who were inducted with one (or more) of the bands they played for, but were not inducted as members of one (or more) other bands.  For example, Neil Young was inducted with Buffalo Springfield and as a solo artist, but was left out when Crosby,  Stills & Nash were inducted.  Other examples include Terry Chimes (inducted with The Clash but not with Black Sabbath), Kenney Jones (inducted with The Faces but not with The Who), and Sly Stone (inducted with Sly & the Family Stone but not with Parliament-Funkadelic.) Singer Axl Rose of Guns N' Roses fame joined AC/DC after both bands were inducted.

text:
Name

First

Year

Second

Year

Third

Year

Jeff Beck

The Yardbirds

1992

Solo career

2009

—

—

Johnny Carter

The Flamingos

2001

The Dells

2004

—

—

Eric Clapton

The Yardbirds

1992

Cream

1993

Solo career

2000

David Crosby

The Byrds

1991

Crosby, Stills & Nash

1997

—

—

Peter Gabriel

Genesis

2010

Solo career

2014

—

—

George Harrison

The Beatles

1988

Solo career

2004

—

—

Michael Jackson

The Jackson Five

1997

Solo career

2001

—

—

John Lennon

The Beatles

1988

Solo career

1994

—

—

Curtis Mayfield

The Impressions

1991

Solo career

1999

—

—

Paul McCartney

The Beatles

1988

Solo career

1999

—

—

Clyde McPhatter

Solo career

1987

The Drifters

1988

—

—

Graham Nash

Crosby, Stills & Nash

1997

The Hollies

2010

—

—

Jimmy Page

The Yardbirds

1992

Led Zeppelin

1995

—

—

Lou Reed

The Velvet Underground

1996

Solo career

2015

—

—

Gregg Rolie

Santana

1998

Journey

2017

—

—

Paul Simon

Simon and Garfunkel

1990

Solo career

2001

—

—

Ringo Starr

The Beatles

1988

Award For Musical Excellence, Solo career

2015

—

—

Rod Stewart

Solo career

1994

Faces

2012

—

—

Stephen Stills

Buffalo Springfield

1997

Crosby, Stills & Nash

1997

—

—

Sammy Strain

The O'Jays

2005

Little Anthony & The Imperials

2009

—

—

Ronnie Wood

The Rolling Stones

1989

Faces

2012

—

—

Neil Young

Solo career

1995

Buffalo Springfield

1997

—

—


document_title: Mary Alice Young

question_text: when do you find out why mary alice kill herself

text: Mary Alice Young

text: Casting and development[edit]

text: In Marc Cherry's first script for the pilot of Desperate Housewives, the character was originally named Mary Alice Scott, but he was later forced to change the character's surname when the series was picked up by ABC. In the book Desperate Housewives: Behind Closed Doors, a companion to the first season of the series, he explained: "We changed Mary Alice Scott to Mary Alice Young because we couldn't get the name cleared with our lawyers. If over three people in the country have that name you're fine but with anything less than that, they make you use a different name. Apparently there was one Mary Alice Scott in the country."[3] The role of Mary Alice was originally given to Sheryl Lee, who portrayed the character in the original pilot that was filmed for ABC, but Lee was soon replaced by Strong after Cherry and the producers decided that Lee was not right for the part.[4][5][6] Marcia Cross, who would later be cast as Bree Van de Kamp, also expressed interest in Mary Alice, but after reading for the part Cherry insisted that she read for Bree instead.[7]

text: Strong explained in Desperate Housewives: Behind Closed Doors that she believed there to be a "conceptual shift" after the filming of the original pilot with Lee, and "they realized they needed something different", stating: "There certainly wasn't something wrong with what [Lee] did. It was just that instead of vanilla they wanted chocolate, and I happened to be chocolate. When I walked in to audition, Marc Cherry was so sweet. He said, 'I hope you don't mind, but I'm going to close my eyes, because I really want to hear how you sound.' When I was done with the audition, he opened his eyes and this angelic smile crept across his face, and I thought, 'Oh, good. Something went right.'"[8] The actress also explained that she watched the pilot filmed with Lee and while that was helpful for her own portrayal, she saw that what she had to offer for the role was different, saying: "It's a little strange when you watch someone else in a role you're auditioning for because his or her performance lives in your mind. It can be hard to distinguish yourself sometimes, but I had fun with it."[9] Scenes featuring Lee were refilmed with Strong as her replacement.[10] Strong stated years later that her role and narration as Mary Alice led to her voice becoming significantly recognizable, explaining in a 2012 interview with Entertainment Weekly that fans of the series would recognize her in coffee shops solely by her voice.[11] The actress served as the narrator of almost every episode of the series, with the exceptions of the third season episode "My Husband, the Pig" (in which Steven Culp narrates the episode as the deceased Rex Van de Kamp) and the fifth season episode "Look Into Their Eyes and You See What They Know" (in which Nicollette Sheridan narrates the episode as the deceased Edie Britt).[12][13]

text:
"It’s kind of like when you knit a sweater and you pull one thread and the entire thing unravels. I think Mary Alice was the thread that started to unravel the rest of them and it continues to unravel. I think really it’s about getting to the very tapestry of everyone’s story, everyone’s shadow, everyone’s deepest fear and I think in some ways, dealing with the world and what we’re up against, it’s not that dissimilar to how people are feeling about their own lives."[14]
—Strong, describing the way Mary Alice's storyline influenced the remainder of the series (2011)

tag: div

text: The mystery surrounding Mary Alice and her family was the main storyline in the first season of the series, and it is resolved in the first-season finale. Cherry had wanted there to be a "definite end" to the mystery, hoping to avoid similar viewer fatigue that Twin Peaks suffered after drawing out its central mystery past its first season.[15] ABC executives initially protested the writers' decision to have Mary Alice purposefully kill  Deirdre Taylor (Jolie Jenkins), the woman whose child she had illegally purchased, prompting the writers to make Deirdre violent in order to justify Mary Alice's actions.[15] Although Mary Alice and her family do not have much of a leading storyline thereafter, the mystery surrounding the character's suicide in the inaugural season is said to have informed and influenced every other season of the series.[14] In 2006, when asked during an interview what viewers could expect from Mary Alice for the series' third season, Strong said that the character was "going to be back with an attitude", stating: "She will be a little less surreal, ethereal and a little more sassy, which means the show is going to be sassier."[16] During the series' final season in 2011, the actress appears as Mary Alice's ghost to her suicidal friend Bree (Marcia Cross). Strong enjoyed filming that particular scene, as it was the only scene during the entire series that featured solely Mary Alice and Bree. She described the scene as one of her personal favorites and called it an "extraordinary opportunity", saying: "In a way, Mary Alice becomes [Bree's] conscious and her guide and her muse in knowing what to do with her life. And it was an exquisitely written scene and it was really, I think in my experience on the show, one of my favorite scenes I have ever shot."[14]

text: Storyline[edit]

text: First season[edit]

text: In the pilot episode, Mary Alice introduces herself as the stereotypical American housewife to husband Paul Young (Mark Moses) and son Zach (Cody Kasch). On one Thursday, she proceeds to go to her hall closet to retrieve a revolver, and shoot herself in the head with it.[17]

text: Paul asks Mary Alice’s neighbors and friends, Susan (Teri Hatcher), Lynette (Felicity Huffman), Bree (Marcia Cross) and Gabrielle (Eva Longoria), to go through her clothes and other belongings and then pack them up, as he thinks it will be too hard for him. The women end up finding a letter addressed to Mary Alice, a blackmail note reading, "I know what you did, it makes me sick, I’m going to tell."[17] Thereafter, the women make a series of discoveries concerning Mary Alice’s past and her possible motives for ending her life; she was being treated by Dr. Albert Goldfine (Sam Lloyd) where she revealed that she once went by the name Angela, and she may have had something to do with a baby that went missing.[18][19]  Paul soon discovers who sent Mary Alice the note, their next-door neighbor struggling with financial difficulty, Martha Huber (Christine Estabrook), whom he ends up strangling to death out of pure rage and burying her body in the nearby forest.[20] Meanwhile, her son Zach begins having flashbacks and is under the impression he killed a baby named Dana, who he believed to be his younger sister and reveals this to Julie Mayer (Andrea Bowen), Susan’s daughter. Paul worries over what Susan is spreading about their family, so he tells Susan in private that Zach accidentally killed his younger sister, Dana, and that he and Mary Alice covered it up to protect him. However, it becomes evident that this is not the case when Paul tells Zach that Dana is still very much alive.[21]

text: Felicia Tilman (Harriet Sansom Harris), Martha’s sister, soon arrives on Wisteria Lane to find out what happened to her sister. While inside Paul and Mary Alice’s house, she recognizes a picture of Mary Alice and claims her to be Angela, a nurse she worked with years prior in Utah, but Paul is adamant that she is mistaken.[22] Felicia, however, knows that Mary Alice was in fact Angela and later tells Zach that she knew him when he was a baby, and that his original name was so lovely: Dana.[23] In the first-season finale, the mystery behind Mary Alice’s suicide is revealed in full. In March 1990, Todd and Angela Forrest could not conceive and one night a woman named Deirdre Taylor (Jolie Jenkins), a heroin addict whom Angela had treated at the rehabilitation hospital where she worked as a nurse, came to their house looking for money and offered to sell her son to them, to which they eventually agreed. When Deirdre returned to the hospital as a patient soon after and suspicion arose as to where her child was, Angela knew they had to leave town. They moved to Fairview and bought a house on Wisteria Lane, changing their names to Paul, Mary Alice and Zach Young. In 1993, however, Deirdre came to their home, seemingly sober, demanding that she reclaim her son. After a verbal fight, Deirdre went to take her child, when Mary Alice stabbed and killed her. Zach woke up and saw the body, which led to years of his parents brushing off his memories of that night as nothing. Paul and Mary Alice dismembered Deirdre’s body, put it in a toy chest and buried it under their pool.[24] Years later, Martha recognized Mary Alice in a group photo in Felicia’s house, leading to Felicia to tell Martha about how Angela and Todd possibly disappeared with Deirdre’s child and hopefully gave Dana a proper home. Martha then blackmailed Mary Alice and she, in desperation, committed suicide.[23]

text: Later seasons[edit]

text: Mary Alice appears in flashbacks and dream sequences in the remainder of the series, during which several previously unknown details about the day she committed suicide are revealed. In season two, Mary Alice was the first of the housewives to move onto Wisteria Lane, to which she recounts how she met each of them and how they all became friends.[25] In season three, Lynette has a recurring nightmare of the last time she spoke to Mary Alice; while she was reading her blackmail note for the first time on her front lawn, the day she committed suicide. Lynette asks if she is okay, to which Mary Alice says she is and while Lynette knew otherwise, she had groceries that needed refrigeration, so she simply told Mary Alice she would see her later. After a hostage situation at the local grocery store, Lynette has one final dream in which she speaks to Mary Alice and asks how she can help her; she tells her that we can’t prevent what we can’t predict, and to enjoy the beautiful day, as we get so few of them. Afterward, Mary Alice states that this was the last time Lynette would ever dream of her, and for her sake, she is grateful.[26] In season four, Mary Alice appears in two separate flashbacks to when Katherine Mayfair (Dana Delany) was first living on Wisteria Lane; in "Now You Know", she and Susan knock on Katherine’s door wondering why there is a moving truck outside her house, to which a rattled Katherine says she got a new job in Chicago.[27] In "Free", Mary Alice is shown to have been babysitting Katherine's daughter Dylan (Hailee Denham) the night the child's father returned, to which Katherine looks immediately panicked and Mary Alice apologizes for any wrongdoing.[28]

text: In season five, Mary Alice appears in multiple flashbacks in "The Best Thing That Ever Could Have Happened", including when handyman Eli Scruggs (Beau Bridges) was first starting out and approached Mary Alice on the street, asking her if she had any work for him. After initially declining, she notices a hole in his shoe and says she has a broken vase that he can glue back together for her. Years later, on the day Mary Alice committed suicide, Eli was at her house dropping something off. He asks if she is alright, to which she says she is, and just as he is about to leave she picks up the vase he glued for her and says she wants him to have it. Eli asks again if she is alright, and she politely asks him to leave. Later that day, after Mary Alice had shot herself, Eli watches police cars and neighbors gossiping from afar, regretting that he did nothing to save her. He then makes a vow to God to not only fix people's belongings but their lives as much as he can as well.[29] In season six, Mary Alice again appears in a flashback in "Epiphany", when she notices four-year-old Eddie Orlofsky (Davin Ransom) witnessing his father leave their family. Mary Alice continues to check on Eddie and his mother Barbara (Diane Farr), bringing them a hot meal and later to bring a teddy bear for Eddie, where she finds the young child left home alone. Mary Alice finds Barbara in a bar, brings her home and scolds her for her poor parenting skills.[30]

text: In season eight, Mary Alice appears in several flashbacks and as a ghost. In "Making the Connection", it is revealed that she contemplated calling her friends for advice and support after receiving the blackmail note, but ultimately chose not to and then committed suicide.[31] In "Putting It Together", Mary Alice appears as a ghost to a suicidal Bree, who asks her if she remembers how happy their lives were on Wisteria Lane when she was alive and if she is happy now, to which Mary Alice says she is not unhappy.[32] The series finale opens with the day Mary Alice arrived on Wisteria Lane. Martha is the first to greet her, and when Mary Alice seems unwilling to talk about where she is from, Martha guesses she has a secret and makes it her mission from that day forward to figure out what it is. At the end of the episode, Mary Alice's spirit is seen with the ghosts of those who have died over the years on Wisteria Lane, explaining her presence all this time has been in the hopes that they can give a message to those left behind that while their lives may be desperate, they are still worth living.[33]

text: Reception[edit]

text: Both the character and her role as narrator were generally well received by critics throughout the series, and for which Strong received nominations for multiple accolades. In his review of the pilot, Tom Shales of The Washington Post complimented Mary Alice character's narrations, writing: "Even though narration has become the most overused technique in prime-time television (needed, perhaps, to help move the narrative along quickly now that hour-length shows have shrunk to as little as 41 minutes plus commercials), the producers of Desperate Housewives use it well, and Strong's uncomplaining perkiness adds yet another layer of irony to the enterprise."[34] Peter Schorn of IGN commended Strong's narrations as well as the mystery surrounding Mary Alice's suicide, calling the character's "dark secret" the "McGuffin that powers this first season".[35] Matthew Gilbert of The Boston Globe described Mary Alice's suicide scene as "mysterious and somber but mostly funny", pointing out that the soundtrack music remains "light and happy" throughout and likened the character's narration to that of Glenn Close in Reversal of Fortune (1990).[36] Celia Wren, also writing for The Washington Post, confirmed that the "idyllic small-town" setting of Desperate Housewives as well as Mary Alice's narration style as a deceased and omniscient narrator were influenced by Edgar Lee Masters' Spoon River Anthology (1915), for which she complimented the series, writing: "There's a lot of material to work with: Masters's poetic portrait gallery from 1915 gets its oomph from blowtorching the concept of idyllic small-town America. Its largely embittered personalities speak from beyond the grave of murders, seductions, suicides, hypocrisies, political corruption—enough scandalous behavior to make Desperate Housewives look like Little Women."[1]

text: While reviewing the first-season finale, Dalton Ross  of Entertainment Weekly praised the resolution to the mystery surrounding Mary Alice's death, calling it "both shocking and satisfying."[37] On the other hand, Ann Hodgman of Entertainment Weekly was negative in her review and criticized the writers' decision to devoting too much of the episode to the Mary Alice storyline rather than focusing on the other characters.[38] Tanner Stransky, also writing for the magazine, wrote that the producers "artfully blended" the mystery surrounding Mary Alice's suicide with "hot-button and often titillating plotlines" throughout the series' first season.[11] In an article celebrating the tenth anniversary of the airing of the series' pilot episode, Matthew Jacobs of The Huffington Post complimented the "many layers of Mary Alice and her family's mystery" and likened it as "just as captivating" as the first season of Lost.[39]

text: In 2009, Stransky was favorable of both Strong's narration and performance in the fifth season episode "The Best Thing That Could Have Ever Happened", describing Mary Alice's role in the episode as "heartbreaking" and writing: "I know we hear Brenda Strong nearly every week in her voiceovers, but it was so nice to see her on screen again! That lady can act."[40] Matt Richenthal of TV Fanatic was bored by Mary Alice's flashback scenes in the sixth season episode "Epiphany", believing them to be unrealistic.[41] Daniel Goldberg of Slant Magazine praised Mary Alice's narration in the series finale in 2012, writing: "There was one resolution that truly resonated. When the ladies all move out of [Wisteria] Lane and politely promise to keep in touch and visit, Mary Alice (Brenda Strong) takes the opportunity to unearth one last lie. With one of her most somber voiceovers ever, she lets us in on a secret that the housewives already know: They won’t keep in touch, and they won’t visit. The moment is far more unsettling and existential than the overblown sequence of the desperately deceased gathering to wave Susan goodbye. Deep friendships and passing acquaintances can never be replicated, and these are the endings we experience every day, even as we try to deny their finality."[42] Writing for Backstage magazine in 2012, Jeffery Self wrote that Strong's narration as Mary Alice led to her voice becoming "one of the most familiar on television".[43] As a result of her popularity as the series' narrator, Anna Silman of Vulture magazine described Strong as "everybody's favorite deceased housewife/omniscient narrator" in 2014.[44]

text: For her narration as Mary Alice, Strong was twice nominated for the Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Voice-Over Performance in 2011 and 2012.[45][46] Additionally, as a cast member of Desperate Housewives, she twice received the Screen Actors Guild Award for Outstanding Performance by an Ensemble in a Comedy Series, among five consecutive nominations for the award between 2005 and 2009.[47]