document_title: Newsies (musical)

question_text: who plays jack kelly in newsies on broadway

text: Newsies (musical)

text: Productions[edit]

text: Paper Mill Playhouse (2011)[edit]

text: Newsies The Musical premiered at the Paper Mill Playhouse in Millburn, New Jersey from September 25, 2011 through October 16.[2] The production was directed by Jeff Calhoun with choreography by Christopher Gattelli. This production was later transferred to Broadway with several changes in the music and actors.

text: Broadway (2012-2014)[edit]

text: The musical opened on Broadway at the Nederlander Theatre for a limited engagement starting in previews on March 15, 2012, and officially on March 29, 2012.[3] On May 16, 2012, Disney announced that Newsies was an open-ended engagement.[4] The engagement was extended through August 19, 2012, after the first previews.[5]

text: The original cast of the Broadway production featured Jeremy Jordan as Jack Kelly and John Dossett as newspaper tycoon Joseph Pulitzer. The cast also included Kara Lindsay as Katherine Plumber, Capathia Jenkins as Medda Larkin, Ben Fankhauser as Davey, Andrew Keenan-Bolger as Crutchie, and Lewis Grosso and Matthew Schechter sharing the role of Les.[6] The Broadway production cost about $5 million to stage.[7] Newsies recouped its initial investment of $5M in 7 months, becoming the fastest of any Disney musical on Broadway to turn a profit.[8]

text: Producers announced on August 14, 2012, due to his commitments with NBC's Smash, leading man Jordan would exit the musical on September 4. It was also confirmed that newcomer Corey Cott (who became his alternate earlier in the month due to Jordan's production requirements for Smash) would be his replacement beginning September 5.[9]

text: The musical closed on August 24, 2014,[10] having played 1,005 performances.[11]

text: National tour (2014-2016)[edit]

text: The musical began a North American tour on October 11, 2014, commencing in Schenectady, NY. During the 2014-2015 and 2015-2016 seasons, the tour was expected to play 25 cities, over 43 weeks.[12] It concluded its run on October 2, 2016 in Austin, TX[13] after 784 performances in 65 cities across the US and Canada.[14][15]

text: Following the end of the tour, a limited theatrical release was announced for February 2017. This three-day release grossed $3.47 million. Disney then announced the musical production would be available digitally on May 23, 2017.[16] On August 24, 2017, Disney announced the Filmed Production of Newsies would be available on Netflix from September 10th.[17]

text: Plot[edit]

text: In the early hours of the morning in 1899 New York City, newspaper delivery boy Jack Kelly tells his disabled friend, Crutchie, of his dream to one day leave New York for Santa Fe ("Santa Fe" (Prologue)). Jack lives with his fellow "newsies," many of whom are orphaned and homeless. As the sun rises, the newsies awaken and prepare for another day on the job ("Carrying the Banner"). While buying their supply of papers to sell, Jack meets Davey and his little brother, Les. Unlike the rest of the newsies, Davey and Les have a home and a family. They started work as newsies because their father suffered an accident at work resulting in the termination of his employment. Seeing young Les as an opportunity to sell more papers, Jack offers to help the boys. Meanwhile, the publisher of the New York World, Joseph Pulitzer, increases the cost of the newspapers to the delivery boys, so as to outsell his competitors ("The Bottom Line").

text: Later, Jack, Davey, and Les are chased down by Warden Snyder of The Refuge, a juvenile detention center. The boys find cover in a vaudeville-style theatre owned by Jack's friend Medda Larkin, whom he regularly paints backdrops for. Jack refuses to tell Davey why Snyder was after him. The boys then watch Medda perform ("That's Rich"). While at the show, Jack spots a young female reporter named Katherine Plumber. He attempts to flirt with her, but she brushes him off as he does a drawing of her. Jack laments his blossoming feelings for her as the show continues ("Don’t Come A-Knocking"/"I Never Planned on You"). The next morning, Jack and the newsies discover that the cost of newspapers has been raised to sixty cents per hundred. Outraged, Jack organizes a protest ("The World Will Know"). Katherine is inspired by Jack's leadership and artistic abilities, and sees the newsies' strike as an opportunity to be seen as a more serious journalist, something she struggles with because of society's view of women, and decides to cover the protest ("Watch What Happens"). The next day, Jack fails to properly motivate the newsies, as he isn't always the best with words, but Davey steps in and rallies the newsies for a full scale strike against the New York World ("Seize the Day"). The protest is cut short when the boys are engaged in confrontations with the police and strikebreakers. During the commotion, Crutchie is beaten, apprehended, and taken to the refuge. Jack, upset at the protest's failure and the capture of Crutchie, laments the situation and promises himself that he'll soon leave New York forever ("Santa Fe").

text: The next morning, Katherine visits the sulking newsies in Jacobi's Deli and cheers them up by showing them that her article about the strike made the front page of the New York Sun. Thrilled, the newsies all rejoice at making the headline and imagine what it would be like to be famous ("King of New York"). Meanwhile, Crutchie writes a letter to Jack, reflecting his experience at the Refuge ("Letter from the Refuge"). Davey, Katherine, and Les later find Jack hiding out in the basement of Medda's theatre, painting a backdrop of Santa Fe. Davey and Katherine attempt to decide their next move, but Jack refuses to put the newsies in danger again. Davey reminds him that they'll have to take risks in order to get Crutchie back. Jack eventually complies ("Watch What Happens" (Reprise)).

text: Back at the World, Pulitzer converses with Warden Snyder about Jack while Katherine listens. Snyder reveals that Jack is actually an escaped criminal, originally detained for stealing food and clothing. Jack soon arrives and confronts Pulitzer. During the conversation, Pulitzer reveals that he is actually Katherine's father. Katherine, who was hiding in the room, tries to apologize to Jack for not telling him, but Jack brushes her off as he is led by Snyder into the cellar. Pulitzer offers Jack a compromise: if the strike is called off, he will be cleared of all charges and given enough money to leave for Santa Fe, but if not, he and the other newsies will be sent to the refuge ("The Bottom Line" (Reprise)). Meanwhile, Spot Conlon, head of the newsies in Brooklyn, brings in his ranks in full support of Jack's protest ("Brooklyn's Here"). Jack gathers the newsies, and not wanting to put them in any more danger, reluctantly suggests they accept Pulitzer's offer. Davey and the newsies are shocked at Jack and turn their back on him. Jack later meets with Katherine once more and she tells him that despite her namesake, she was always on Jack's side. She also criticizes Jack for not being honest with her about ending up in the refuge for stealing, however, after seeing a drawing Jack made depicting the abuse conducted at the refuge, she realizes Jack stole the food and clothing for the other boys there. The two share a brief romantic moment and Katherine states that "I have something to believe in, now that I know you believed in me". Jack admits that the feeling is mutual, and they kiss ("Something to Believe In").

text: Jack and Katherine then join the newsies in printing their own paper; one that will determine the outcome of the strike ("Once and for All"). The newsies' paper is sent to Governor Theodore Roosevelt, who arrives in full support of the newsies' cause. Defeated, Pulitzer compromises with Jack once more. Jack proposes that Pulitzer buy back every paper the newsies fail to sell every day, thus making him seem more generous and making more boys want to sell papers for him. Pulitzer is reluctant at first, but agrees. Crutchie is freed, Snyder is arrested, the refuge is shut down, and the strike ends. Pulitzer offers Jack a job as a daily political cartoonist, which Jack initially declines. Jack prepares to say goodbye to Katherine, as he now plans to leave for Santa Fe, but Katherine says that wherever he goes she will go with him. The two share a kiss and Jack elects to remain a newsboy and accept the cartoonist job ("Finale").

text: Cast[edit]

text:
Character
Paper Mill Playhouse
Original Broadway Cast
Closing Broadway Cast
Original National Tour Cast
Closing National Tour Cast
2017 'Newsies Live' Recording

Jack Kelly
Jeremy Jordan
Corey Cott
Dan DeLuca
Joey Barreiro
Jeremy Jordan

Joseph Pulitzer
John Dossett
Steve Blanchard

Katherine Plumber
Kara Lindsay
Liana Hunt
Stephanie Styles
Morgan Keene
Kara Lindsay

Medda Larkin
Helen Anker
Capathia Jenkins
Angela Grovey
Aisha de Haas

Davey Jacobs
Ben Fankhauser
Jacob Kemp
Stephen Michael Langton
Ben Fankhauser

Crutchie
Andrew Keenan-Bolger
Andy Richardson
Zachary Sayle
Andy Richardson
Andrew Keenan-Bolger

Les Jacobs
R.J. Fattori,
Vincent Agnello
Lewis Grosso,
Matthew Schechter
Zachary Unger,
Luca Padovan
Vincent Crocilla,
Anthony Rosenthal
Ethan Steiner,
Turner Birthisel
Ethan Steiner

Spot Conlon
Tommy Bracco
Jeff Heimbrock
Anthony Zas
Tommy Bracco

Race
Ryan Breslin
Giuseppe Bausilio
Ben Cook
Daniel Switzer
Ben Cook

Specs
Ryan Steele
John Michael Fiumara
Jordan Samuels

Finch
Aaron J. Albano
Julian DeGuzman
Iain Young

Don Seitz
Mark Aldrich
Eric Scott Kincaid
Mark Aldrich

Bunsen/Stage Manager
Nick Sullivan
Bill Bateman

Wiesel / Mr. Jacobi
John E. Brady
Michael Gorman
John E. Brady

Mayor
Michael Gorman

Nunzio / Theodore Roosevelt
Kevin Carolan
Tom Alan Robbins
Kevin Carolan

Henry
Kyle Coffman
Iain Young
DeMarius Copes
Michael Rios

Mike
Mike Faist
Adam Kaplan
Michael Ryan
Jacob Guzman

Morris Delancey
Devin Lewis

Oscar Delancey
Brendon Stimson
Jon Hacker
Anthony Norman

Ike
David Guzman

Sniper
Scott Shendenhelm
Alex Wong
Jacob Guzman
Ginna Claire Mason
Kaitlyn Frank
Daniel Switzer

Nuns
Julie Foldesi
Capathia Jenkins
Laurie Veldheer
Capathia Jenkins
Molly Jobe
Julie Reiber
Angela Grovey
Meredith Inglesby
Ginna Claire Mason
Aisha de Haas
Meredith Inglesby
Kaitlyn Frank
Kaitlyn Frank
Meredith Inglesby
Beth Stafford Laird

Albert
Garett Hawe
Daniel Quadrino
Sky Flaherty

Bill
Jack Sippel
Nicholas Masson

Mush
Max Ehrich
Ephraim Sykes
David Guzman

JoJo
Corey Hummerston
Thayne Jasperson
Nico James Greetham
Joshua Burrage
Joshua Burrage

Darcy
Jack Sippel

Elmer
Evan Kasprzak
Jeff Heimbrock
Anthony Zas

Buttons
JP Ferreri
Jess LeProtto
Damon Gillespie
Chaz Wolcott

Snyder
Stuart Marland
James Judy

Romeo
Andy Richardson
Tommy Martinez
Nico DeJesus

Hannah
Laurie Veldheer
Molly Jobe
Meredith Inglesby

Smalls
Josh Assor
Julian DeGuzman

Scabs
Tommy Bracco
JP Ferreri
Scott Shendenhelm
Tommy Bracco
Jess LeProtto
Alex Wong
Tommy Bracco
Damon Gillespie
Jacob Guzman
Evan Autio
Sky Flaherty
Chaz Wolcott
Michael Dameski
Sky Flaherty
Chaz Wolcott
Michael Dameski
Andy Richardson
Daniel Switzer

Kenny
N/A
Jack Sippel

Kid Blink
N/A
Andy Richardson

Vince/Myron
N/A
Stephen Hernandez

Willie/Bart
N/A
Andrew Wilson

Tommy Boy
Tommy Bracco
Evan Autio
Michael Dameski

Hot Shot
N/A
JP Ferreri
N/A
JP Ferreri

Cop/Patron/Guard
N/A
Eric Jon Mahlum

Swings
Caitlyn Caughell
Michael MacArthur
Jack Scott
Stuart Zagnit
Caitlyn Claughell
Michael Fatica
Jack Scott
JP Ferreri
Caitlyn Caughell
Julian DeGuzman
Michael Fatica
Jack Scott
Stuart Zagnit

JP Ferreri
Melissa Steadman Hart
Stephen Hernandez
Eric Jon Mahlum
Andrew Wilson
JP Ferreri
Stephen Hernandez
Beth Stafford Laird
Eric Jon Mahlum
Andrew Wilson
N/A

text: Broadway cast changes[edit]

text:
Corey Cott replaced Jeremy Jordan as Jack Kelly on September 5, 2012.[18]
LaVon Fisher-Wilson replaced Capathia Jenkins as Medda Larkin on September 11, 2012.
Ron Raines temporarily replaced John Dossett as Joseph Pulitzer from October 9, 2012 to December 16, 2012.[19]
Adam Kaplan replaced Mike Faist as Morris Delancey/Mike (also Jack understudy) on February 19, 2013.
Andy Richardson replaced Andrew Keenan-Bolger as Crutchie on March 11, 2013.[20]
Liana Hunt replaced Kara Lindsay as Katherine on February 3, 2014.[21]
Jeremy Greenbaum temporarily replaced Ben Fankhauser as Davey from April 1, 2014 to June 22, 2014.[22][23]
Capathia Jenkins resumed her original role as Medda Larkin on July 15, 2014, replacing LaVon Fisher-Wilson.[24]
Clay Thomson temporarily replaced Tommy Bracco as Spot Conlon on two occasions, November 1, 2012 to December 8, 2012 and May 6, 2014 to June 29, 2014.
Hogan Fulton temporarily replaced Andy Richardson as "Romeo" from November 1, 2012 to December 2, 2012 and then replaced Thayne Jasperson as "JoJo/Darcy" from December 31, 2012 to June 1, 2014.[25]

text: Differences with the 1992 film[edit]

text: In addition to the songs from the original movie, Newsies The Musical contains several new numbers such as 'Brooklyn's Here' and 'Something To Believe In'.[26][27] The songs "My Lovey Dovey Baby" and "High Times Hard Times" were removed and replaced by the singular song "That's Rich", which is performed by the same character, Medda Larkin, while the remaining songs were rewritten to fit the changes in the storyline between the film and the musical. The characters of Sarah Jacobs (Davey and Les's sister and Jack's original love interest) and the New York Sun reporter Brian Denton are replaced by the composite character, Katherine Plumber (later explained to be a pen name; she is revealed later to, in fact, be Joseph Pulitzer's daughter), a reporter with whom Jack falls in love.[28][6] Also omitted was the solo for "Patrick's Mother".

text: Musical numbers[edit]

text:
Act I

"Overture" – Orchestra
"Santa Fe (Prologue)" – Jack and Crutchie
"Carrying the Banner" – Jack, Newsies, Nuns
"The Bottom Line" – Pulitzer, Seitz, Bunsen, Hannah
"Carrying the Banner" (Reprise) – Newsies †
"That's Rich" – Medda
"I Never Planned on You/Don't Come A-Knocking" / "I Never Planned on You" – Jack, Katherine and Bowery Beauties
"The World Will Know" – Jack, Davey, Crutchie, Les and Newsies
"The World Will Know" (Reprise) – Jack, Davey, Les and Newsies †
"Watch What Happens" – Katherine
"Seize the Day" – Davey, Jack, Les, Crutchie and Newsies
"Santa Fe" – Jack

Act II

"King of New York" – Race, Davey, Les, Katherine and Newsies
"Letter from the Refuge" – Crutchie † (Added for national tour)
"Watch What Happens" (Reprise) – Jack, Davey, Katherine and Les
"The Bottom Line" (Reprise) – Pulitzer, Seitz and Mayor
"Brooklyn's Here" – Spot Conlon and Newsies
"Something to Believe In" – Jack and Katherine
"Seize the Day" (Reprise 1) – Newsies †
"Once and for All" – Jack, Davey, Les, Katherine, Darcy, Bill and Newsies
"Seize the Day" (Reprise 2) – Davey and Newsies †
"Finale" – Company

† Not on the Original Broadway Cast Recording

text: Reception[edit]

text: The Paper Mill production drew critical acclaim.[29][30][31] According to The New York Times: 'Newsies' will open in time to qualify for the Tony Award in a season when the Tony for best musical is seen as up for grabs; 'Newsies' is already considered a likely contender for a nomination even before the show opens...[7]

text: In his review of the Broadway production, Ben Brantley of The New York Times wrote: As choreographed by Christopher Gattelli, they keep coming at us in full-speed-ahead phalanxes, fortified by every step in a Broadway-by-the-numbers dance book... Mr. Jordan...is a natural star who has no trouble holding the stage, even without pirouettes... Mr. Feldman’s lyrics are spot-on, while the melody reminds us just how charming a composer Mr. Menken...can be.[32]

text: Recording[edit]

text:
Newsies (Original Broadway Cast Recording)

Soundtrack album by Various artists

Released
May 15, 2012

Length
50:42

Label
Ghostlight Records

text: The Broadway cast recording was released on iTunes April 10, 2012, from Ghostlight Records, and the CD was released on May 15. Six songs were added for the stage adaptation, including three newly written for the Broadway production since the Paper Mill Playhouse debut - The Bottom Line, That's Rich and Something to Believe In (replacing Then I See You Again, also written for the stage adaptation). [33]

text:
No.
Title
Performed by
Length

1.
"Overture"
Alan Menken
1:12

2.
"Santa Fe (Prologue)"
Jeremy Jordan, Andrew Keenan-Bolger
3:05

3.
"Carrying the Banner"
Newsies Company
5:08

4.
"The Bottom Line"
John Dossett, Mark Aldrich, Nick Sullivan, Laurie Veldheer,
2:16

5.
"That's Rich"
Capathia Jenkins
2:33

6.
"I Never Planned on You/Don't Come a-Knocking"
Jeremy Jordan, Kara Lindsay, Laurie Veldheer, Julie Foldesi
1:40

7.
"The World Will Know"
Jeremy Jordan, Ben Fankhauser, Lewis Grosso, Matthew Schechter, Newsies Company
4:09

8.
"Watch What Happens"
Kara Lindsay
3:06

9.
"Seize the Day"
Jeremy Jordan, Ben Fankhauser, Lewis Grosso, Matthew Schechter, Newsies Company
5:23

10.
"Santa Fe"
Jeremy Jordan
3:12

11.
"King of New York"
Ben Fankhauser, Matthew Schechter, Lewis Grosso, Kara Lindsay, Ryan Breslin, Newsies Company
4:09

12.
"Watch What Happens (Reprise)"
Jeremy Jordan, Ben Fankhauser, Kara Lindsay, Lewis Grosso
1:53

13.
"The Bottom Line (Reprise)"
John Dossett, Mark Aldrich, John E. Brady
0:58

14.
"Brooklyn's Here"
Tommy Bracco, Newsies Company
1:53

15.
"Something to Believe In"
Jeremy Jordan, Kara Lindsay
3:31

16.
"Once and for All"
Jeremy Jordan, Kara Lindsay, Ben Fankhauser, Ryan Breslin, Newsies Company
4:01

17.
"Finale"
Jeremy Jordan, Newsies Company
2:32

text:
[show]Bonus tracks

No.
Title
Performed by
Length

18.
"Santa Fe (Bonus Track)"
Jeremy Jordan, Alan Menken
2:03

19.
"Seize The Day (Bonus Track)"
Jeremy Jordan, Ben Fankhauser, Lewis Grosso, Matthew Schechter, Newsies Company
6:40

20.
"King of New York (Bonus Track)"
Ben Fankhauser, Matthew Schechter, Lewis Grosso, Kara Lindsay, Ryan Breslin, Newsies Company
4:56

text: Filmed stage production[edit]

text: In July 2016, it was announced that Newsies would be filmed in Los Angeles with a limited national release in movie theaters from February 16–18, 2017. Due to high demand, a fourth showing was added for March 4, 2017. Some alumni from the Broadway production reprised their leading roles, notably Jeremy Jordan as Jack Kelly, Kara Lindsay as Katherine Plumber, Ben Fankhauser as Davey, Andrew Keenan-Bolger as Crutchie and Tommy Bracco as Spot Conlon, with the ensemble being a mixture of Broadway cast alumni and National Tour cast members. Several ensemble tracks were added to the show to provide roles for swings. [34][35][36] A two-day encore presentation of the production will be shown in theaters on August 5 and 9, 2017.[37]

text: On the 25th anniversary of the original film's theatrical release, April 10, 2017, it was announced the filmed stage production would be released for digital download on May 23, 2017. [38]

text: Honors and awards[edit]

text: Original Broadway production[edit]

text:
Year
Award
Category
Nominee
Result
Ref

2012
Tony Award
Best Musical
Nominated
[39]

Best Book of a Musical
Harvey Fierstein
Nominated

Best Performance by a Leading Actor in a Musical
Jeremy Jordan
Nominated

Best Direction of a Musical
Jeff Calhoun
Nominated

Best Choreography
Christopher Gattelli
Won

Best Original Score
Alan Menken and Jack Feldman
Won

Best Orchestrations
Danny Troob
Nominated

Best Scenic Design of a Musical
Tobin Ost and Sven Ortel
Nominated

Drama Desk Award
Outstanding Musical
Nominated
[40]

Outstanding Actor in a Musical
Jeremy Jordan
Nominated

Outstanding Choreography
Christopher Gattelli
Won

Outstanding Music
Alan Menken
Won

Outstanding Lyrics
Jack Feldman
Nominated

Outstanding Orchestrations
Danny Troob
Nominated

Grammy Award
Best Musical Theater Album
Nominated
[41]

Young Artist Award
Best Young Actor in Live Theater
Lewis Grosso
Nominated
[42]


document_title: The Jeffersons

question_text: what was the spin off of the jeffersons

question_tokens: what was the spin off of the jeffersons

root

text: The Jeffersons

text: Show[edit]

text: The show focuses on George and Louise Jefferson, a prosperous African-American couple who have been able to move from Queens to Manhattan owing to the success of George's dry-cleaner chain. The show was launched as the second spin-off of All in the Family, on which the Jeffersons had been the neighbors of Archie and Edith Bunker.[5][6] The show was the creation of Norman Lear.[5][7] The Jeffersons eventually evolved into more of a traditional sitcom but did reference such issues as alcoholism, racism, suicide, gun control, being transgender, and adult illiteracy. The epithets "nigger" and "honky" were used occasionally, especially during the earlier seasons.[2][4]

tag: p

text: The Jeffersons had one spin-off, titled Checking In. The series was centered on the Jeffersons' housekeeper, Florence.[8] Checking In only lasted four episodes, after which Florence returned to The Jeffersons.[9] The Jeffersons also shared continuity with the show E/R, which featured Lynne Moody, who made a guest appearance in one episode of The Jeffersons.[10] Sherman Hemsley guest-starred as George in two episodes of the series, which lasted for one season.[11]

text: The Jeffersons ended in controversy after CBS abruptly canceled the series without allowing for a proper series finale. The cast was not informed until after the July 2, 1985, episode "Red Robins", and actor Sherman Hemsley said he found out that the show was canceled by reading it in the newspaper.[12] Sanford, who heard about the cancellation through her cousin who read about it in the tabloids, has publicly stated that she found the cancellation with no proper finale to be disrespectful on the network's part.[13]

text: The cast reunited in a stage play based on the sitcom.[14] In the 1996 series finale of The Fresh Prince of Bel-Air, the Jeffersons made a guest appearance and bought the house from the Banks family.[1] In an episode of Tyler Perry's House of Payne in 2011, Sherman Hemsley and Marla Gibbs reprised their roles of George Jefferson and Florence Johnston.[15]

text: In 1985, Hemsley and Sanford made a special joint guest appearance in the Canale 5 comedy show Grand Hotel, starring Italian actors Paolo Villaggio, Franco & Ciccio comic duo and Carmen Russo. They were guests in the fictional hotel, and appeared just twice during the show, for a total of five minutes. Their voices were dubbed by Italian actors Enzo Garinei (George) and Isa di Marzio (Louise), who also dubbed their characters for the full series.[citation needed]

text: Series development[edit]

text: Louise Jefferson, played by Isabel Sanford, first appeared in the All in the Family episode "Lionel Moves Into the Neighborhood", which was broadcast on March 2, 1971. The episode, the eighth of the series, centers on Louise, her son Lionel, and her husband George's moving next door to Archie and Edith Bunker in the working-class section of Queens.[2] Lionel, played by Mike Evans, first appeared in "Meet the Bunkers", the premiere episode of All in the Family.[2]

text: Norman Lear created the character of George Jefferson specifically for Hemsley. Lear originally intended for George to appear in the first season of the series; however, Hemsley was starring in the Broadway musical Purlie at the time, and Lear decided to postpone introduction of the character until Hemsley was available. Lear created the character of Henry Jefferson, George's younger brother, and replaced George with Henry in the series's scripts until Purlie finished its run. Mel Stewart was cast as Henry.[2][3] George was introduced in the episode "Henry's Farewell", and Hemsley and Stewart share their only scene together in its final minutes. The episode marked the final appearance of Henry.

text: George, Louise, and Lionel continued to appear on All in the Family until 1975, when the spin-off The Jeffersons, also created by Lear, premiered.[8] The characters of Lionel's biracial fiancée, Jenny, and her family, all of whom first appeared in the 1974 All in the Family episode "Lionel's Engagement", were also written into the new series.[16] However, the roles were all recast, with Berlinda Tolbert taking over the role of Jenny, veteran actor Franklin Cover playing her father, Tom Willis, whose first name was changed from Louis, as it was in their first AITF appearance, and Roxie Roker as her mother, Helen.

text: Synopsis[edit]

text: During the January 11, 1975 episode of All in the Family, titled "The Jeffersons Move Up", Edith Bunker gave a tearful good-bye to her neighbor Louise Jefferson, as her husband George, their son Lionel, and she moved from a working-class section of Queens, New York into a luxury apartment in Manhattan.[17] The Jeffersons premiered the following week, on January 18, 1975.[8]

text: George's career as a dry-cleaner began in the first season of All in the Family, in the third episode, "Oh, My Aching Back" (though the character himself did not appear on-camera). After his car was rear-ended by a bus, he filed a civil action and won $3200, enough to open his first store in Queens.[3] At the beginning of The Jeffersons, he was operating five stores throughout New York City, with another two opening during the following seasons.

text: Louise made friends with Tom and Helen Willis, an interracial couple with two adult children of their own[8] (whom George insultingly called "zebras"):[1][18] son Allan (played by Andrew Rubin in the first-season finale, and by Jay Hammer throughout season 5), a white-passing college drop-out; and daughter Jenny, an aspiring fashion designer. Jenny and Lionel became a couple, were married on December 24, 1976, and later became the parents of a daughter, Jessica (played in later seasons by Ebonie Smith).[8][19] Lionel and Jenny experienced marital issues, and filed for divorce in 1985.[8]

text: Marla Gibbs portrayed the role of Florence Johnston, the Jeffersons' back-talking, wisecracking, and devoutly religious housekeeper. Florence often teased George, mostly about his short stature and receding hairline.[20] Paul Benedict arrived as Harry Bentley, a loyal, kind, friendly yet somewhat dimwitted British next-door neighbor,[8] who worked as an interpreter at the United Nations.[21]

text: A common sight-gag of the show was George slamming the door in Bentley's face mid-conversation.[21] Bentley also had a bad back, and frequently needed George to walk on his back.[22][23] He also became known for addressing the Jeffersons as "Mr. J" and "Mrs. J".[23] Zara Cully played George's mother, Olivia "Mother" Jefferson, who constantly disparaged her daughter-in-law.[6][18][19] Cully, who had first appeared in the 1974 All in the Family episode, "Lionel's Engagement", reprised her role.[24] She appeared regularly in the first two seasons, but made sporadic appearances over the next two years and was written out in the fifth season (Cully died in 1978, from lung cancer; no episode was centered on Mother Jefferson's death, but it was mentioned that she had died in season 5). Ned Wertimer played the doorman, Ralph Hart, throughout the series,[25] along with Danny Wells who played Charlie the bartender.[26]

text: Cast changes[edit]

text: Mike Evans ("Lionel") left the show after the first season; his replacement was Damon Evans (no relation),[6] who took over the role until halfway through the fourth season.[8] Damon Evans's last episode was "Lionel Gets the Business".

text: Mike Evans and Tolbert returned in the 1979–1980 season, with Tolbert's character, Jenny, pregnant with a daughter named Jessica. However, Mike Evans appeared for only one more season, along with Tolbert.[8] The Jeffersons' sixth season peaked at #8 in the summer of 1980. The characters of Lionel and Jenny were written out by stating that they had marital problems, the result of which became a two-part episode storyline as the series' eighth-season premiere. The series' eighth season was the first African-American sitcom in years (since Sanford and Son) to peak in the top 5 (the series' eighth season debuted at #3).

text: Evans and Tolbert appeared in the two-part episode together; Evans also appeared in one episode during the series' ninth season in 1982, and made his final appearance in two episodes during the series' eleventh and final season. Tolbert became a regular guest star throughout the rest of the series. In the spring of 1981, Paul Benedict left the show for a season and a half, returning in the final two seasons of the series.[8] However, the ratings sank below the top 30, and The Jeffersons aired its last episode, "Red Robins", on July 2, 1985.[27]

text: Main cast[edit]

text:
Actor/Actress
Character
Seasons

1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11

Isabel Sanford
Louise Jefferson
Main

Sherman Hemsley
George Jefferson
Main

Mike Evans
Lionel Jefferson
Main

Main
Recurring

Guest

Damon Evans

Main

Roxie Roker
Helen Willis
Main

Franklin Cover
Thomas "Tom" Willis
Main

Zara Cully
Olivia "Mother" Jefferson
Main

Berlinda Tolbert
Jenny Willis Jefferson
Main
Recurring

Paul Benedict
Harry Bentley
Main

Main

Marla Gibbs
Florence Johnston
Recurring
Main

Jay Hammer
Allan Willis

Main

Ned Wertimer
Ralph Hart
Recurring

Danny Wells
Charlie the bartender
Recurring

Ebonie Smith
Jessica Jefferson

Recurring

tag: table

text: Notable guest appearances[edit]

text: This section needs additional citations for verification. Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. (January 2017) (Learn how and when to remove this template message)

text:
Frances Bay
Johnny Brown
Barbara Cason
Charo
Gary Coleman[1]
Andrae Crouch
Sammy Davis, Jr.[9]
Frank De Vol
Phyllis Diller (as herself)
David Dukes
Famous Amos
Bernard Fox
Joe Frazier
Susie Garrett
Louis Gossett, Jr.
Rosie Grier
Robert Guillaume[9]
Moses Gunn
Kene Holliday
Reggie Jackson
Victor Kilian
Lincoln Kilpatrick
Mabel King
Gladys Knight
Peter Lawford (voice)
Larry Linville
Carl Lumbly
Helen Martin
Edie McClurg
Garrett Morris
Greg Morris[9]
Josephine Premice[28]
Sheryl Lee Ralph
Thalmus Rasulala
Susan Ruttan
Sister Sledge[29]
Michael Spinks
Amzie Strickland
Ernest Lee Thomas
Liz Torres
Donald Trump
Vernee Watson
Jaleel White
Billy Dee Williams[9]
Hal Williams

tag: ul

text: Episodes[edit]

text: The Jeffersons had many two-part episodes, either over two consecutive weeks, or aired as an hour-long episode.

text: Theme song[edit]

text: Ja'net Dubois (from Good Times) and Jeff Barry co-wrote The Jeffersons theme song, "Movin' on Up", which was sung by Dubois with a gospel choir.[31] The song was covered by Sammy Davis, Jr., in 1978.[citation needed]

text: Broadcast history and Nielsen ratings[edit]

text: The Jeffersons changed time slots at least 15 different times during its 11-year run, unusual for a popular long running series.[32] The most common time slot was on Sunday night.[7]

text: In its first season (1974–75), the show ranked at number four, surpassed by its parent series All in the Family (which landed at number one for the fifth year in a row).[33] The show's ratings for the following two seasons placed it in the Top 30, but during the 1977–78 and 1978–79 seasons (the show's fourth and fifth seasons), it fell out of the top 30.[19]

text: It returned to the Top 10 in 1979–80, and at the end of the 1981–82 season, The Jeffersons finished third overall, only surpassed by fellow CBS series Dallas and 60 Minutes. As a result, the series remained among the Top 20 for the next two seasons.[19]

text:
Season
Time slot (ET)
Rank
Rating

1974–1975
Saturday at 8:30 pm
4
27.6

1975–1976
Saturday at 8:00 pm
21
21.5

1976–1977
Saturday at 8:00 pm (Episodes 1–6)
Wednesday at 8:00 pm (Episodes 7–14)
Monday at 8:00 pm (Episodes 15–24)
24
24.2

1977–1978
Saturday at 9:00 pm (Episodes 1, 3–22, 25–26)
Saturday at 9:30 pm (Episode 2)
Saturday at 8:00 pm (Episode 23)
Saturday at 8:30 pm (Episode 24)
Not in the Top 30

1978–1979
Wednesday at 8:00 pm (Episodes 1–6, 8–24)
Saturday at 8:00 pm (Episode 7)

1979–1980
Sunday at 9:30 pm
8
24.3

1980–1981
Sunday at 9:30 pm (Episodes 1–2, 5–18, 20)
Sunday at 10:00 pm (Episode 3)
Sunday at 10:30 pm (Episode 4)
Sunday at 9:00 pm (Episode 19)
6
23.5

1981–1982
Sunday at 9:30 pm
3
23.4

1982–1983
Sunday at 9:00 pm
12
20.0 (Tied with Knots Landing)

1983–1984
Sunday at 9:00 pm (Episodes 1, 3–22)
Sunday at 9:30 pm (Episode 2)
19
18.6

1984–1985
Sunday at 9:00 pm (1984)
Tuesday at 8:00 pm (Episodes 9–17, 23–24)
Tuesday at 8:30 pm (Episodes 18–22)
Not in the Top 30

text: Awards and nominations[edit]

text: The Jeffersons received 14 Emmy Award nominations during its time on the air.[34] Marla Gibbs was nominated for Best Supporting Actress in a Comedy Series each year from 1981-85. Sherman Hemsley was nominated for Best Actor in 1984. Larry M. Harris won the Emmy for Outstanding Video Tape Editing for a Series in 1983.[34]

text: Isabel Sanford was nominated for seven consecutive Best Actress Emmys, from 1979 until 1985.[34] Her victory in 1981 made her the first African-American actress to win an Emmy for Best Actress in a Comedy Series,[1][19][35] and the second to win any Emmy Award; Gail Fisher, who played Peggy on the TV show Mannix, preceded her in 1970. Sanford was also the recipient of five of the eight Golden Globe Awards nominations the program received.[36]

text: DVD and Internet releases[edit]

text: Sony Pictures Home Entertainment released the first six seasons of The Jeffersons on DVD in Region 1 between 2002 and 2007.[37] These releases have been discontinued and are now out of print.

text: On August 27, 2013, it was announced that Mill Creek Entertainment had acquired the rights to various television series from the Sony Pictures library including The Jeffersons.[38] They subsequently re-released the first two seasons on DVD on May 20, 2014.[39]

text: On August 8, 2014, it was announced that Shout! Factory had acquired the rights to the series; they subsequently released the complete series on DVD in a 33-disc collection on December 9, 2014.[40][41]

text: On April 28, 2015, Shout! released season 7 on DVD in Region 1.[42] Season 8 was released on August 11, 2015.[43]

text: As of 2016, all eleven seasons of The Jeffersons are available for online streaming on the STARZ network.[44][45]

text:
DVD Name
Ep #
Release Date

The Complete First Season
13
August 6, 2002
May 20, 2014 (re-release)

The Complete Second Season
24
May 13, 2003
May 20, 2014 (re-release)

The Complete Third Season
24
April 12, 2005

The Complete Fourth Season
26
October 11, 2005

The Complete Fifth Season
24
August 15, 2006

The Complete Sixth Season
24
March 27, 2007

The Complete Seventh Season
20
April 28, 2015

The Complete Eighth Season
25
August 11, 2015

The Complete Series
253
December 9, 2014


document_title: 2018 NFL season

question_text: when does the nfl football schedule come out for 2018

text: 2018 NFL season

text: Player movements[edit]

text: The 2018 NFL League year began on March 14. On March 12, clubs were allowed to contact and enter into contract negotiations with the agents of players who were to become unrestricted free agents upon the expiration of their contracts two days later. On March 9, clubs were allowed to exercise options for 2018 on players who have option clauses in their contracts, submit qualifying offers to their pending restricted free agents, and submit a Minimum Salary Tender to retain exclusive negotiating rights to their players with expiring 2017 contracts and who have fewer than three accrued seasons of free agent credit. Teams were required to be under the salary cap using the "Top-51" definition (in which the 51 highest paid-players on the team's payroll must have a collected salary cap hit below the actual cap). The 2018 trading period also began March 14.

text: Free agency[edit]

text: Over 550 players were eligible for some form of free agency during the free agency period.[1] Notable players to change teams include:

text:
Quarterbacks Sam Bradford (Minnesota to Arizona), Teddy Bridgewater (Minnesota to New York Jets) Kirk Cousins (Washington to Minnesota), Case Keenum (Minnesota to Denver), and A.J. McCarron (Cincinnati to Buffalo).
Running backs Isaiah Crowell (Cleveland to New York Jets), Carlos Hyde (San Francisco to Cleveland), Dion Lewis (New England to Tennessee), and Jerick McKinnon (Minnesota to San Francisco)
Wide receivers Danny Amendola (New England to Miami), Allen Hurns (Jacksonville to Dallas), Jordy Nelson (Green Bay to Oakland), Allen Robinson (Jacksonville to Chicago), and Sammy Watkins (Los Angeles Rams to Kansas City)
Tight ends Trey Burton (Philadelphia to Chicago), Jimmy Graham (Seattle to Green Bay), and Austin Seferian-Jenkins (New York Jets to Jacksonville)
Offensive linemen Cameron Fleming (New England to Dallas), Andrew Norwell (Carolina to Jacksonville), Mike Pouncey (Miami to Los Angeles Chargers), Justin Pugh (New York Giants to Arizona), Weston Richburg (New York Giants to San Francisco), Nate Solder (New England to New York Giants), Josh Sitton (Chicago to Miami), and Travis Swanson (Detroit to New York Jets)
Defensive linemen Adrian Clayborn (Atlanta to New England), Vinny Curry (Philadelphia to Tampa Bay), Sheldon Richardson (Seattle to Minnesota), Ndamukong Suh (Miami to Los Angeles Rams), and Muhammad Wilkerson (New York Jets to Green Bay)
Linebackers Demario Davis (New York Jets to New Orleans), Trent Murphy (Washington to Buffalo), Tahir Whitehead (Detroit to Oakland) and Avery Williamson (Tennessee to New York Jets)
Defensive backs Malcolm Butler (New England to Tennessee), Morgan Burnett (Green Bay to Pittsburgh), T. J. Carrie (Oakland to Cleveland), Ross Cockrell (New York Giants to Carolina), E. J. Gaines (Buffalo to Cleveland), Marcus Gilchrist (Houston to Oakland), Trumaine Johnson (cornerback) (Los Angeles Rams to New York Jets), Tyrann Mathieu (Arizona to Houston), Rashaan Melvin (Indianapolis to Oakland), Patrick Robinson (Philadelphia Eagles to New Orleans), and Richard Sherman (Seattle to San Francisco)
Punter Marquette King (Oakland to Denver)

text: Trades[edit]

text:
March 14: Miami traded WR Jarvis Landry to Cleveland for a 2018 4th round selection (123rd overall) and a 2019 7th round selection.[2]
March 14: Buffalo traded QB Tyrod Taylor to Cleveland for a 2018 3rd round selection (65th overall).[3]
March 14: Buffalo traded T Cordy Glenn, a 2018 1st round selection (21st overall), and a 2018 5th round selection (158th overall) to Cincinnati for a 2018 1st round selection (12th overall) and a 2018 6th round selection (187th overall).[3]
March 14: Green Bay traded CB Damarious Randall, a 2018 4th round selection (114th overall), and a 2018 5th round selection (150th overall) to Cleveland for QB DeShone Kizer, a 2018 4th round selection (101st overall), and a 2018 5th round selection (138th overall)[2]
March 14: Cleveland traded DT Danny Shelton and a 2018 5th round selection (159th overall) to New England for a 2019 3rd round selection.[4]
March 14: Kansas City traded QB Alex Smith to Washington in exchange for CB Kendall Fuller and a 2018 3rd round selection (78th overall).[5]
March 14: Kansas City traded CB Marcus Peters and a 2018 6th round draft selection (196th overall) to the Los Angeles Rams in exchange for a 2018 4th round selection (124th overall) and a 2019 2nd round selection.[6]
March 14: Denver traded CB Aqib Talib to the Los Angeles Rams in exchange for a 2018 5th round selection (160th overall).[7]
March 14: Denver traded QB Trevor Siemian and a 2018 7th round selection (225th overall) to Minnesota for a 2019 5th round selection.[8]
March 14: The Los Angeles Rams traded LB Alec Ogletree and a 2019 7th round draft selection to the New York Giants in exchange for a 2018 4th round selection (135th overall) and a 2018 6th round selection (176th overall).[9]
March 14: The Los Angeles Rams traded DE Robert Quinn and a 2018 6th round selection to Miami in exchange for a 2018 4th round selection and a 2018 6th round selection.[10]
March 14: Seattle traded DE Michael Bennett and a 2018 7th round selection to Philadelphia for WR Marcus Johnson and a 2018 5th round selection.[11]
March 14: Philadelphia traded WR Torrey Smith to Carolina for CB Daryl Worley.[12]
March 15: San Francisco traded C Daniel Kilgore and a 2018 7th round selection (227th overall) to Miami in exchange for a 2018 7th round selection (223rd overall).[13]
March 15: Cleveland traded CB Jason McCourty and a 2018 7th round selection (219th overall) to New England for a 2018 sixth round selection (205th overall).[14]
March 18: Oakland traded WR Cordarrelle Patterson and a 2018 6th round selection (210th overall) to New England for a 2018 5th round selection (159th overall) .[15][16]
March 20: Oakland traded FB Jamize Olawale and a 2018 sixth round selection (192nd overall) to Dallas for a 2018 fifth round selection (173rd overall).[17]
March 22: The New York Giants traded DE Jason Pierre-Paul and their 2018 4th round selection (102nd overall) to Tampa Bay in exchange for a 2018 3rd round selection (69th overall) and a 2018 4th round selection (108th overall).[18]
March 23: Arizona traded T Jared Veldheer to Denver for a 2018 sixth round selection (182nd overall).[19]
March 28: Cleveland traded QB Cody Kessler to Jacksonville for a conditional 2019 7th round selection.[20]
March 29: Washington traded S Su'a Cravens, a 2018 4th round selection (113th overall), and a 2018 5th round selection (149th overall) to Denver in exchange for a 2018 4th round selection (109th overall), two 2018 5th round selections (142nd and 163rd overall), and a conditional 2020 selection.[21]
April 3: New England traded WR Brandin Cooks and a 2018 fourth round selection (136th overall) to the Los Angeles Rams for a 2018 first round selection (23rd overall) and a 2018 sixth round selection (198th overall).[22]
April 6: Cleveland traded QB Kevin Hogan and a 2018 6th round selection (205th overall) to Washington in exchange for a 2018 6th round selection (188th overall).[23]
April 26: Pittsburgh traded WR Martavis Bryant to Oakland for a 2018 3rd round selection (79th overall).[24][25]

text: Retirements[edit]

text:
Antonio Cromartie: The four-time Pro Bowler and one-time All-Pro cornerback, who shares the league record for most yards gained on a play (109 on a missed field goal return) and led the league in interceptions 2008, announced his retirement after an 11-year career. Cromartie played for the then-San Diego Chargers, New York Jets, Arizona Cardinals, and Indianapolis Colts over the course of his career, before spending the entire 2017 season as an unsigned free agent.[26]
Matt Forte: The 32 year old running back retired after 10 years, 8 with the Chicago Bears and 2 with the New York Jets. He was elected to 2 pro bowls.[27]
Dwight Freeney: The 16-year veteran defensive end, who spent most of his career with the Indianapolis Colts, retired April 19. He appeared in seven Pro Bowls, was a four-time All-Pro and led the NFL in sacks during the 2004 season.[28]
James Harrison: The 15-year NFL veteran linebacker, four-time All-Pro and five-time Pro Bowler who spent the peak of his career with the Pittsburgh Steelers announced his retirement, at the age of 39, on April 16.[29]
Devin Hester: The four-time Pro Bowler and three-time All-Pro return specialist holds the NFL record for most all-time return touchdowns (punt and kickoff combined) and most all-time punt return touchdowns.[30] He is widely regarded as one of the best return specialists in NFL history, and was the first person ever to return the opening kick of the Super Bowl back for a touchdown. Hester, who had spent 2017 out of football, played 11 seasons in the NFL, the majority of them with the Chicago Bears.[31][32][33]
Richie Incognito announced his retirement April 10. The retirement was part of a string of erratic behavior and inconsistent statements on Incognito's part, the only consistent thread being an ongoing contract dispute with his current team, the Buffalo Bills, who have listed him as retired on their roster. Incognito has appeared in four Pro Bowls over the course of a 12-season career with the Bills, Miami Dolphins and then-St. Louis Rams, with most of his success coming in Buffalo. He was released from his contract on May 21 and is free to sign with any team.
Nick Mangold: The seven-time Pro Bowler and three-time All-Pro retired after 11 seasons, all with the New York Jets. He had spent the 2017 season out of football after the Jets released him in a salary cap maneuver.[34]
Carson Palmer: The 38 year old quarterback for the Arizona Cardinals, who had previously played on the Cincinnati Bengals (who drafted Palmer first overall in 2003) and Oakland Raiders, retired after the 2017 season. The 2002 Heisman Trophy winner appeared in three Pro Bowls, was a second team All-Pro in 2015, and led the NFL in passing yards in 2005.[35][36]
Joe Thomas: The ten-time Pro Bowler and seven-time All-Pro offensive tackle retired after an 11-year career with the Cleveland Browns, a career in which he spent much of that time as the Browns' franchise player in an era where the team otherwise performed poorly on the field.[37] A deteriorating left knee contributed to Thomas's retirement.[38]
Jason Witten: The eleven time Pro Bowler and two time First-team All-Pro Tight end played 15 seasons, all with the Dallas Cowboys. He ranks second all time among tight ends in career receptions and receiving yards. He will be working for ESPN as their Monday Night Football color commentator.[39]

text: Other players

text:
Rodney Adams
Martellus Bennett[40]
Joe Berger[41]*
Emmett Cleary
C.J. Fiedorowicz
James Hanna
David Harris[42]
Gabe Ikard[43]
Fred Jackson[44]
Vincent Jackson[45]
Donnie Jones
Thad Lewis[46]
Luke McCown[47]
Kellen Moore[48]
Paul Posluszny[49]
Connor Shaw[50]
Zach Strief
Aaron Williams[51]
Eric Wood[52]
Danny Woodhead[53]

text: Draft[edit]

text: The 2018 NFL Draft was held from April 26 to 28. It was held at AT&T Stadium in Arlington, Texas. This was the first draft to take place in an NFL stadium, and the first to be held in Texas.[54] The Cleveland Browns selected Baker Mayfield with the first overall pick.

text: Officiating changes[edit]

text:
Ed Hochuli: At the time of his retirement, Hochuli was the league's longest-tenured referee, having served with the league for 28 seasons, 26 as a head referee. He will be succeeded by his son, Shawn Hochuli.[55]
Jeff Triplette: Triplette had spent 22 years as an official with the NFL, 19 as a head referee, and was pushed into retirement after experiencing confusion in several games late in the 2017 season. Alex Kemp will replace Triplette.[55]

text: Rule changes[edit]

text: The following playing rule changes have been approved by the Competition Committee for the 2018 season:[56]

text:
Make permanent the current rule that changes the spot of the ball after a touchback on a kickoff to the 25 yard line. Prior to 2017, the ball was placed at the 20 yard line.
Update the standards for a "catch" to have:

Two feet down or any body part other than the hands
Control of the ball
Make a "football move" such as making a 3rd step, reaching/extending to the line to gain, tucking the ball away, warding off defensive players, or have the ability to perform such an act.

The rule for receivers who were going to the ground during the catch process has been deleted. This is in response to several issues regarding the "going to the ground" rule, especially catches by Dallas Cowboys WR Dez Bryant in the 2014 NFL playoffs and one by Pittsburgh Steelers TE Jesse James in 2017 that were overturned due to this rule.

Allow a designated member of the officiating department (For 2018, NFL Senior VP of Officiating Al Riveron) to instruct game officials to eject any player who commits a flagrant non-football act on the field for a foul called on the field. This is in response to a situation where New England Patriots tight end Rob Gronkowski intentionally inflicted a late hit on Buffalo Bills defensive back Tre'Davious White causing a concussion to White. Gronkowski was not ejected for the foul on the field, but did receive a one-game suspension after the NFL's review of the play.
Illegally batting a ball on a scrimmage down will incur a loss of down in addition to the previous 10 yard penalty.
In overtime, when a team is ahead by 3 points, a down will run to its conclusion and all applicable points will score, even if there is a loss of possession. Previously, the offense of the trailing team could not legally score if they lost and regained possession and reached the opponent's end zone all on the same play. The rule remains that if there is a double change of possession on a play with one team in the lead, it is the last play of the game.
If a team scores a touchdown on the final play of regulation which gives them the victory, no extra-point conversion try will be needed.[57]

text: The following bylaws and resolutions were passed:[58]

text:
Make permanent the liberalization of workout rules for draft prospects.
For a one-year trial period, liberalize the rules for re-signing a player on waivers.
Players on injured reserve can be traded.
Players with injuries deemed major can be placed directly on injured reserve without clearing waivers.
The 10-day postseason waiver claiming period has been reduced to 1 day.
Players can be activated from injured reserve after eight games instead of eight weeks.
Teams have seven business days to complete an injury settlement instead of five.
Players in certain reserve list categories cannot be reinstated after a team's week 13 game. This restriction was previously applied to the last 30 days of the regular season.
Clarify roster procedures for players with military obligations.
For a one-year trial period, teams may contact a player who has been publicly announced to be released before the NFL lists the transaction on a Player Personnel Notice.

text: The following changes to the kickoff rules were approved at the NFL Spring Owners' Meeting on May 23, 2018:[59]

text:
Players are required to line up for the kickoff as follows:

Five players on the kicking team must be on either side of the kicker
Two players on each side must be lined up outside of the numbers and two additional players on each side must be lined up between the numbers and the hashmarks
Players on the kicking team (excluding the kicker) may only line up within one yard of the kickoff spot (currently this is limited to five yards)
The receiving team must have eight players in a fifteen-yard "set-up zone" (from the restraining line ten yards from the kickoff spot, fifteen yards back)

Wedge blocks are outlawed. Players would only be able to do a double-team block within the "set-up zone".
No blocking is permitted inside the restraining zone (10 yards from the kickoff spot) until the ball touches the ground or is touched in the field of play.
Once a kickoff lands in the end zone, it would become an automatic touchback. Players will no longer have to "kneel" in the end zone to stop the play.
All ejections of players are now subject to replay review.
It is now a foul (15 yards) for players to lower their helmet to initiate and make contact with an opposing player. The fouling player is subject to ejection if:

Player lowers his helmet to establish a linear body posture prior to initiating or making contact with the helmet
Player delivering the blow had an unobstructed path to his opponent
Contact was clearly avoidable (player delivering the blow had other options)

In response to the recent National Anthem protests in the league the past two seasons, any player or staff member who is on the field during the performance of "The Star-Spangled Banner" must stand for the duration of the performance. Such players and staff members are not required to be on the field at that time and may wait in the locker room as an alternative. The NFL will not directly fine offending players or staff members for defying the rule, instead fining the teams, who will in turn have power to fine the players or staff members at their own discretion.

text: 2018 deaths[edit]

text: The following people associated with the NFL (or AFL) have passed away in 2018.

text:
Grady Alderman
Tom Benson
Billy Cannon
Bennie Cunningham
Jim Garrett
Chris Gedney
Wayne Huizenga
David Humm
Edwin Jackson
Chuck Knox
Jeremy Nunley
Kona Schwenke
Clyde Scott
Frank Varrichione

text: Preseason[edit]

text: This section needs additional citations for verification. Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. (January 2018) (Learn how and when to remove this template message)

text: Training Camps for the 2018 season will be held in late July through August. Teams start training camp no earlier than 15 days before the team's first scheduled preseason game.

text: The Pro Football Hall of Fame Game, which will feature the Baltimore Ravens and the Chicago Bears, will be played on Thursday, August 2;[60] it will be televised nationally by NBC. The Ravens, who will be making their first ever Hall of Fame Game appearance, are represented in the 2018 Hall of Fame class by former linebacker Ray Lewis, while the Bears are represented by former linebacker Brian Urlacher.

text: Regular season[edit]

text: The 2018 regular season's 256 games will be played over a 17-week schedule which will begin on September 6. Each of the league's 32 teams plays a 16-game schedule, with one bye week for each team. The slate also features games on Monday Nights. There are games played on Thursdays, including the National Football League Kickoff game in prime time on September 6 and games on Thanksgiving Day. The regular season will conclude with a full slate games of 16 games on December 30, all of which will be intra-division matchups, as it has been since 2010.

text: Under the NFL's current scheduling formula, each team plays the other three teams in its own division twice. In addition a team plays against all four teams in one other division from each conference. The final two games on a team's schedule are against the two team's in the team's own conference in the divisions the team was not set to play which finished the previous season in the same rank in their division (e.g. the team which finished first in its division the previous season would play each other team in its conference that also finished first in its respective division). The preset division pairings for 2018 will be as follows.

text:
Intra-conference
AFC East vs AFC South
AFC West vs AFC North
NFC East vs NFC South
NFC West vs NFC North

   Inter-conference
AFC East vs NFC North
AFC North vs NFC South
AFC South vs NFC East
AFC West vs NFC West

text: The entire season schedule was released on April 19, 2018. Highlights of the 2018 season include:

text:
NFL Kickoff Game: The 2018 season will begin with the Kickoff Game on September 6 at 8:20 p.m. EDT. The game will feature the Super Bowl LII champion Philadelphia Eagles hosting the Atlanta Falcons and will be televised on NBC.[61]
NFL International Series:

NFL London Games: Three games will be played in London in 2018. This will be the first season of a 10-year agreement to play at least one game per season at the new Tottenham Stadium, where the Oakland Raiders will host the Seattle Seahawks on October 14 at 1:00 p.m. EDT (6:00 p.m. BST) on Fox. Two more games will be played at Wembley Stadium, with the Los Angeles Chargers hosting the Tennessee Titans on October 21 at 9:30 a.m. EDT (2:30 p.m. BST) on CBS and the Jacksonville Jaguars hosting the Philadelphia Eagles on October 28 at 9:30 a.m. EDT (1:30 p.m. GMT) on NFLN. This will be the first time the London games will be played on three consecutive weeks, a move the league has taken to try to streamline their London operations.[62][63][64]
NFL Mexico Game: The NFL will play one game at Estadio Azteca in Mexico City in 2018, in accordance with an agreement the league announced in November 2017 to play one game at that venue each year through 2021. The game will feature the Los Angeles Rams hosting the Kansas City Chiefs. The game will be held on Monday, November 19, and will be televised on ESPN.[64]

Thanksgiving Day: As has been the case since 2006, three games will be played on November 22. The 12:30 pm EST game will feature Detroit Lions hosting the Chicago Bears on CBS. The 4:30 pm EST game will feature the Dallas Cowboys hosting the Washington Redskins on Fox. A third game, Atlanta Falcons at New Orleans Saints starting at 8:30 pm EST, will be aired on NBC.
Christmas games: Christmas Day, December 25, falls on a Tuesday in 2018. Instead of moving the Monday Night from Christmas Eve, the game will be played at its normal time, marking only the second Monday Night game ever played on Christmas Eve. As is usually the case when a night game is played on Christmas Eve, the host team (the Oakland Raiders) is in the western United States, and thus the game will take place in the late afternoon local time.

text: Saturday flexible scheduling[edit]

text: When the entire season schedule was released on April 19, 2018, the league announced flexible scheduling for Saturday games in weeks 15 and 16. The final kickoff times for these games will be announced no later than week 8:[65]

text:
In week 15, either the Houston-New York Jets or the Cleveland-Denver game will kickoff at 4:30 pm EST, and the other will start at 8:20 pm EST.
In week 16, two of the following four games will be moved to Saturday, December 22 on the NFL Network, with start times of 4:30 pm and 8:20 pm EST. The other two will remain on Sunday: Baltimore-Los Angeles Chargers, Jacksonville-Miami, New York Giants-Indianapolis, and Washington-Tennessee. This is the first time that games will be rescheduled to a different day (excluding games rescheduled due to weather).

text: Postseason[edit]

text: The 2018 playoffs will begin on the weekend of January 5–6, 2019 with the Wild Card Playoff round the four winners of these playoff games will visit the top two seeds in each conference of the Divisional round games the weekend of January 12-13, 2019. The winners of those games will advance to the Conference championship games on January 20, 2019. The 2019 Pro Bowl will be held at Camping World Stadium in Orlando, Florida on January 27, 2019. Super Bowl LIII will be held on February 3, 2019 at Mercedes-Benz Stadium in Atlanta, Georgia, on CBS.

text: Notable Events[edit]

text: Anthem protests[edit]

text: On 23 May 2018 the NFL owners agreed a new policy in relation to U.S. national anthem protests.[66] Under the new policy teams (but not players) would be fined for failing to stand and respect the national anthem. Players who do not wish to stand for the national anthem may remain in the locker room.

text: Head coaching and front office personnel changes[edit]

text: Head coaches[edit]

text: Offseason[edit]

text:
Team
2017 head coach
2018 replacement
Reason for leaving
Story/accomplishments

Arizona Cardinals
Bruce Arians
Steve Wilks
Retired
Arians retired from coaching following the 2017 season, finishing the season with a record of 8–8 (.500) and a cumulative record of 49–30–1 (.619) with two playoff appearances.[67] Wilks was hired on January 22, after serving as a defensive coach for the Chicago Bears, San Diego Chargers, and Carolina Panthers since 2006. Wilks' only previous head coaching experience was at Savannah State in 1999.[68]

Chicago Bears
John Fox
Matt Nagy
Fired
Fox was fired after the final game of the 2017 season, finishing the season with a record of 5–11 (.313) and a cumulative record of 14–34 (.292) with no playoff appearances.[69] Nagy spent the past five seasons as an offensive assistant with the Kansas City Chiefs, the last two as offensive coordinator; the Bears hired Nagy on January 8 and this will be his first NFL head coaching job.[70]

Detroit Lions
Jim Caldwell
Matt Patricia
Caldwell was fired after the final game of the 2017 season, finishing the season with a record of 9–7 (.563) and a cumulative record of 36–28 (.563) with two playoff appearances, but having never won a playoff game as head coach of the Lions.[71] Patricia was hired on February 5, the day after losing Super Bowl LII as the New England Patriots defensive coordinator. He had spent his entire NFL career with the Patriots, starting in 2004 as an offensive assistant before working his way up to defensive coordinator in 2012, winning 3 Super Bowls. This will be his first head coaching job.[72]

Indianapolis Colts
Chuck Pagano
Frank Reich
Pagano was fired after the final game of the 2017 season, finishing the season with a record of 4–12 (.250), his first losing season as Colts' head coach, and a cumulative record of 53–43 (.552) with three playoff appearances.[73] The Colts signed Philadelphia Eagles offensive coordinator Frank Reich, who was previously a Colts' assistant from 2008–2011. This will be Reich's first head coaching job.[74]

New York Giants
Ben McAdoo
Pat Shurmur
McAdoo became the Giants' head coach in 2016, leading the Giants to a 13–15 (.464) record over parts of two seasons with one playoff appearance. After accruing a 2–10 (.167) record and benching starter Eli Manning during the season, he was fired on December 4, 2017, and replaced in the interim by defensive coordinator Steve Spagnuolo, who was previously the St. Louis Rams' head coach from 2009 to 2011.[75] Shurmur was announced as the Giants' new head coach on January 22. He had previously served as the head coach of the Cleveland Browns from 2011 to 2012, compiling a record of 9–23 (.281), and an offensive coach for the Philadelphia Eagles and Minnesota Vikings since 2013.[76]

Oakland Raiders
Jack Del Rio
Jon Gruden
Del Rio was fired after the final game of the 2017 season, finishing the season with a record of 6–10 (.375) and a cumulative record of 25–23 (.521) with one playoff appearance.[77] Gruden, who previously coached the Raiders from 1998 to 2001, confirmed on-air on January 6, that he would be returning to the team as coach. He had spent the previous nine seasons as an on-air analyst for Monday Night Football.[78]

Tennessee Titans
Mike Mularkey
Mike Vrabel
Mutual decision
Mularkey and the Titans agreed to part ways after they "couldn't come to an agreement over the future," two days after the Titans' playoff loss to the Patriots. Mularkey had a cumulative record of 20–21 (.488) with one playoff appearance in parts of three seasons with the Titans and guided Tennessee to back-to-back 9–7 records in his two years as the team's full-time head coach.[79] Vrabel spent the past three seasons as a defensive assistant with the Houston Texans, the last as defensive coordinator; the Titans hired Vrabel on January 20 and this will be his first NFL head coaching job.[80]

text: Front office personnel[edit]

text: Offseason[edit]

text:
Team
Position
2017 office holder
2017 interim
2018 replacement
Reason for leaving
Notes

Cleveland Browns
VP/GM
Sashi Brown
John Dorsey
Fired
Brown was fired on December 7, 2017. He had been the team's attorney since 2013 and de facto general manager since 2016.[81] Dorsey was named the new general manager hours later.[82]

Green Bay Packers
GM
Ted Thompson
Brian Gutekunst
Reassigned
Thompson, who had been the team's general manager since 2005, became the team's senior advisor to football operations.[83] Brian Gutekunst, who had been the team's director of player personnel since 2016, was promoted to become the team's new general manager on January 7.[84]

Houston Texans
GM
Rick Smith
Brian Gaine
Medical leave
Smith announced that he would take a leave of absence to care for his wife, who is battling breast cancer. He will remain Executive Vice President of Football Operations.[85] Former Buffalo Bills' vice president of player personnel, Brian Gaine, was named the new general manager on January 13, 2018. Previously, Gaine was Texans' director of pro personnel and then director of player personnel from 2014 to 2016.[86]

New York Giants
GM
Jerry Reese
Kevin Abrams
Dave Gettleman
Fired
Having been in the organization since 1994, Reese was the Giants' general manager since 2007, leading them to two Super Bowl championships and several years of success. He was fired on December 4 along with head coach Ben McAdoo. He was replaced in the interim by former Detroit Lions cornerback Kevin Abrams, who has no previous front office experience.[87] Dave Gettleman, previously general manager of the Carolina Panthers and a 14-year veteran of the Giants' front office (from 1999 to 2012), was hired on December 28, 2017.[88]

Buffalo Bills
President
Russ Brandon
Kim Pegula
Resigned
Brandon resigned his position on May 1, 2018. A newspaper report claimed that Brandon was the subject of an internal investigation regarding his personal conduct and workplace behavior, which neither the Bills nor Brandon mentioned in separate statements regarding his departure; Brandon stated he is seeking other opportunities after spending 20 years with the Bills franchise. He was immediately succeeded by co-owner Kim Pegula.[89]

text: Stadiums[edit]

text: Two teams, the Carolina Panthers and Oakland Raiders, are entering the final year of their lease agreements with their current stadium.

text: Carolina Panthers[edit]

text: On December 17, 2017, Jerry Richardson, the Panthers' founding owner, announced he was putting the team up for sale.[90][91] Richardson had previously indicated the team would be put up for sale after his death,[92] but Richardson was accused of paying hush money to cover up questionable conduct, including racial slurs and sexually suggestive requests of employees, hastening Richardson's decision.[93] The Panthers' lease on Bank of America Stadium expires after the 2018 season,[94] which would allow any incoming owner to relocate the team out of Charlotte, North Carolina, to another market if they so desired, only being liable for the remaining debt from stadium renovation. At an estimated $35 million, the debt payment would be a small expense compared to the relocation fee the NFL charged for the two teams that relocated in 2016 and 2017.[95] The two most likely candidates to buy the team as of May 2018 were David Tepper, a hedge fund manager with a higher net worth and a minority stake in the Pittsburgh Steelers but fewer ties to Charlotte; and Ben Navarro, a financial services CEO based in Charlotte who had the backing of Richardson's only living son.[96] Tepper was announced as the new owner on May 16, with the announcement coming in time for the league to vote on his bid at the owners meeting on May 19.[97]

text: Oakland Raiders[edit]

text: The Raiders, prior to the 2017 season, committed to relocating to Las Vegas, Nevada, once a new stadium is constructed for them in 2020. In 2016, the Raiders signed a three-year extension with the Oakland Coliseum.[98] The Raiders could choose to stay in the Oakland Coliseum for 2019 with another year-to-year extension or move to Sam Boyd Stadium in Las Vegas, which is undersized but (because of the Los Angeles Chargers' use of the even smaller StubHub Center) would not be the smallest stadium in the NFL. Management at the Oakland Coliseum has indicated they are unwilling to extend their agreement with the Raiders after 2018, which could force the team to move to Sam Boyd Stadium in 2019.[99] In order to secure another season in Oakland, California, Coliseum management indicated in September 2017 that the Raiders would need to offer major concessions to compensate for the financial losses the Coliseum incurs by hosting Raiders games.[100]

text: Naming rights agreements[edit]

text: Denver Broncos[edit]

text: The Broncos hope to resolve the two-season long naming rights situation for the field at Mile High Stadium II by the start of the 2018 pre-season; in the meantime, all exterior and interior signage for the defunct sporting goods chain Sports Authority has been or is in the process of being removed from the stadium, though ticketed events will continue to print the name "Sports Authority Field at Mile High."[101][102]

text: Jacksonville Jaguars[edit]

text: On February 16, EverBank Field, the home field of the Jacksonville Jaguars, was renamed TIAA Bank Field, after TIAA's 2017 acquisition of EverBank. The naming rights agreement was for 10 years and $43 million.[103]

text: Uniforms[edit]

text: The Color Rush program has been discontinued, and teams will no longer be required to wear the special uniforms for Thursday Night Football. Initial plans, which will be finalized at the league's owners meeting in May, are for teams to be able to continue using the existing designs that were designed by Nike for the program as standard third jerseys. [104] [105]

text: The Tennessee Titans introduced new uniforms on April 4. Most prominent among the changes is the helmet, which is changing from the white color the team had used since the 1970s (as the Houston Oilers) to navy blue. The color patterns are also simplified, with a new number typeface inspired both by Greek lettering and the shape of the state of Tennessee.[106]

text: On April 9, the Green Bay Packers unveiled a patch to commemorate their 100th season[107]

text: On April 19, the Miami Dolphins and Jacksonville Jaguars both unveiled new uniforms. The Dolphins altered their jerseys to more take after their classic aqua-and-orange look, while Jacksonville simplified their uniforms to resemble their original teal blue jerseys used in their early years.[108][109]

text: Media[edit]

text: Broadcast rights[edit]

text: Television[edit]

text: This will be the fifth year under the current broadcast contracts with ESPN, CBS, Fox, and NBC. This includes "cross-flexing" (switching) Sunday afternoon games between CBS and Fox before or during the season (regardless of the conference of the visiting team). NBC will continue to air Sunday Night Football, the annual Kickoff game, and the primetime Thanksgiving game. ESPN will continue to air Monday Night Football and the Pro Bowl. CBS will broadcast Super Bowl LIII.

text: On January 31, the NFL announced that Fox had acquired the broadcast television rights to the Thursday Night Football package under a five-year deal (aligned with the remainder of the NFL's current broadcast contracts). Fox will air 11 games, along with the 2018 NFL Draft (the first time the event has ever aired on over-the-air television),[110] in simulcast with NFL Network,[111][112] with the remaining games in the package airing exclusively on NFL Network to satisfy its carriage contracts.[113] CBS and NBC had made bids to renew their previous contracts (CBS had held the rights since 2014, joined by NBC since 2016), but were reluctant to pay a higher rights fee due to the league's ratings downturn.[114]

text: Digital[edit]

text: After several years in which Verizon held exclusive rights to carry NFL Internet broadcasts on mobile devices 7 inches (18 cm) or less in size (opting to only make them available to its own wireless subscribers), the 2018 season will be the first in which any device will be allowed to access those broadcasts. Verizon will still hold rights to stream all nationally televised games, as well as in-market Sunday afternoon games; instead of only distributing them to its own subscribers, its numerous Internet brands (such as Yahoo!, which exclusively carried two International Series games in 2015 and 2017, along with AOL, go90, complex.com) will carry the games to all devices.[115]

text: On April 26, 2018, the league announced an extension with Amazon Video that will simulcast the eleven Thursday Night Football games that are simulcast on Fox to its Amazon Prime subscribers. The agreement, which increases Amazon's rights fee by 15%, is for the 2018 and 2019 seasons. To fulfill a request that the Internet broadcast be made available freely, the games will also be made available on twitch.tv, an Amazon subsidiary.[116]

text: Radio[edit]

text: Both of the NFL's national radio contracts, Westwood One for English language[117] and Entravision for Spanish language,[118] expired after the 2017 season. Westwood One's parent company Cumulus Media filed for bankruptcy in November 2017[119] and began terminating national broadcast contracts in January 2018,[120][121] decreasing the likelihood that they will renew their contract.

text: With the release of the 2018 schedule, NFL.com listed ESPN Deportes Radio (which had shared NFL rights with Entravision in 2017 and had carried Super Bowl LII[122]) as the league's national Spanish-language broadcaster. The national English-language broadcaster was still identified as Westwood One, although no press release has been issued in regard to a contract extension with that network.

text: Personnel changes[edit]

text: ESPN will introduce a fully new broadcast team for the series. Joe Tessitore will replace Sean McDonough as lead play-by-play man; McDonough will remain with ESPN as a college football announcer.[123][124] With previous color analyst Jon Gruden returning to coaching, Monday Night Football will return to its traditional three-person booth, with Jason Witten and Booger McFarland joining the broadcast team as analysts, while Lisa Salters, the sideline reporter, carries over from the previous broadcast team.[125]

text: Fox initially had planned to hire a new broadcast team for its Thursday Night Football, making an overture to Peyton Manning to serve as color commentator. Since Manning declined the offer, the network announced that it will be placing its existing lead broadcast team of Joe Buck and Troy Aikman on the package, while reducing the number of games the duo will call on Sundays.[126] A version of Fox NFL Sunday will serve as the lead-in to Thursday Night Football, albeit without Curt Menefee or Jimmy Johnson; the show will instead be hosted by panelist Michael Strahan from New York City, displacing Rich Eisen, the studio host for Thursday night pregame since the package's inception in 2006.[127] Strahan will be joined by fellow Fox colleagues Terry Bradshaw and Howie Long.

text: Start time changes[edit]

text: The start times for Thursday, Sunday, and Monday Night Football broadcasts will be moved up 5-15 minutes. Thursday and Sunday Night games will now kickoff at 8:20 p.m. ET, while Monday Night games will now kickoff at 8:15 p.m. ET.[65]


document_title: Project cycle management

question_text: what is project cycle management (pcm)

question_tokens: what is project cycle management ( pcm )

text: Project cycle management

text: This article relies too much on references to primary sources. Please improve this by adding secondary or tertiary sources. (May 2015) (Learn how and when to remove this template message)

text: Project cycle management (PCM) is the process of planning, organizing, coordinating, and controlling of a project effectively and efficiently throughout its phases, from planning through execution then completion and review to achieve pre-defined objectives or satisfying the project stakeholder by producing the right deliverable at the right time, cost and quality.[1]

text: Projects go through definite and describable phases. Each phase can be brought to some sense of closure as the next phase begins. Phases can be made to result in deliverables or accomplishments to provide the starting point for the next phase. Phase transitions are ideal times to update planning baselines, to conduct high level management reviews, and to evaluate project costs and prospects.

text: The term project cycle management is used in EuropeAid terminology to describe decision-making procedures used during the life-cycle of a project (including key tasks, roles and responsibilities, key documents and decision options).[2]


document_title: It's Hard out Here for a Pimp

question_text: who wrote hard out here for a pimp

question_tokens: who wrote hard out here for a pimp

text: It's Hard out Here for a Pimp

text: This article needs additional citations for verification. Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. (June 2011) (Learn how and when to remove this template message)

text:
"It's Hard Out Here for a Pimp"

Song by Three 6 Mafia

from the album Hustle & Flow soundtrack

Released
2005

Genre
Gangsta rap, Crunk

Length
3:02

Label
Atlantic Grand Hustle

Songwriter(s)
DJ Paul, Juicy J, Frayser Boy[1]

Producer(s)
DJ Paul, Juicy J

text: "It's Hard Out Here for a Pimp" is a song written by hip hop group Three 6 Mafia and Cedric Coleman as the theme song to the film Hustle & Flow.[1] It was ranked #80 on VH1's "100 Greatest Songs of Hip Hop".[2]

text: Performances[edit]

text: The song was performed in Hustle & Flow by Terrence Howard and Taraji P. Henson as their respective characters DJay and Shug. Three 6 Mafia included their own version of the song with vocalist Paula Campbell on a 2006 special edition reissue of their platinum album Most Known Unknown.

text: In 2015, Howard and Henson compete against each other in the Season 1 finale of the Spike series Lip Sync Battle and, by popular demand, performed the song as the first duet by competitors in the show's history.[3]

text: 78th Academy Awards[edit]

text: At the 78th Academy Awards in 2006, Three 6 Mafia and Henson performed the song shortly before it won the Academy Award for Best Original Song.[1][4] Howard did not wish to perform at the ceremony, and since two of the song's writers are themselves artists in the form of the trio Three 6 Mafia, they were given the opportunity to perform it. In the live performance, the word "bitches" was replaced by "witches" in the chorus. Three 6 Mafia became the first hip hop group to win an Academy Award for Best Original Song, and the first hip hop artists to perform at the ceremony.[5] It was the second hip hop song to win an Oscar, after Eminem's "Lose Yourself", from the film 8 Mile (2002).[1]

text: This song became the third in five years to win the Oscar without a Golden Globe Award nomination. The others were "If I Didn't Have You" from Monsters, Inc. (2001) and "Al Otro Lado del Río" from The Motorcycle Diaries (2004).