document_title: Hawaii Five-O

question_text: who played the original hawaii five-o theme song

text: Hawaii Five-O

text: Overview[edit]

text: The CBS television network produced Hawaii Five-O, which aired from September 20, 1968, to April 5, 1980. The program continues to be broadcast in syndication worldwide. Created by Leonard Freeman, Hawaii Five-O was shot on location in Honolulu, Hawaii, and throughout the island of Oahu and other Hawaiian islands with occasional filming in locales such as Los Angeles, Singapore, and Hong Kong.

text: Hawaii Five-O was named in honor of Hawaii's being the 50th state. Although the show's name has always ended with the numeral "0", the soundtrack album, released in the late 1960s, used the letter "O" instead of the numeral zero.[4][unreliable source?] The letter "O" is sometimes used to differentiate the original series and the remake, which premiered in 2010 and always uses the numeral zero.[citation needed] The show centers on a fictional state police force led by former US naval officer Steve McGarrett (played by Jack Lord), a detective captain, who is appointed by the Governor, Paul Jameson. In the show, McGarrett oversees state police officers – the young Danny Williams, veteran Chin Ho Kelly, and streetwise Kono Kalakaua for seasons one through four. Honolulu Police Department Officer Duke Lukela joined the team as a regular, as did Ben Kokua, who replaced Kono beginning with season five. Occasionally, McGarrett's Five-O team is assisted by other officers as needed: Douglas Mossman as Det. Frank Kamana, P.O. Sandi Wells (Amanda McBroom), medical examiner Doc Bergman (Al Eben), forensic specialist Che Fong (Harry Endo), and a secretary. The first secretary was May, then Jenny, and later Malia, Lani and Luana.[5]

text: For 12 seasons, McGarrett and his team hounded international secret agents, criminals, and organized crime syndicates plaguing the Hawaiian Islands. With the aid of District Attorney and later Hawaii's Attorney General John Manicote, McGarrett is successful in sending most of his enemies to prison. One such crime syndicate was led by crime family patriarch Honore Vashon, a character introduced in the fifth season. Most episodes of Hawaii Five-O ended with the arrest of criminals and McGarrett snapping, "Book 'em." The offense occasionally was added after this phrase, for example, "Book 'em, murder one." In many episodes, this was directed to Danny Williams and became McGarrett's catchphrase: "Book 'em, Danno." [6]

text: Other criminals and organized crime bosses on the islands were played by actors such as Ricardo Montalbán, Gavin MacLeod, and Ross Martin as Tony Alika. By the 12th and final season, series regular James MacArthur had left the show (in 1996, he admitted that he had become tired of the role and wanted to do other things), as had Kam Fong. Unlike other characters before him, Fong's character, Chin Ho, at Fong's request, did not just vanish from the show, but instead was murdered while working undercover to expose a protection ring in Chinatown in the last episode of season 10. New characters Jim 'Kimo' Carew (William Smith), Lori Wilson (Sharon Farrell), and Truck (Moe Keale) were introduced in season 12 alongside returning regular character Duke Lukela.[5]

text: The Five-O team consists of three to five members (small for a real state police unit), and is portrayed as occupying a suite of offices in the Iolani Palace.[7] Five-O lacks its own radio network, necessitating frequent requests by McGarrett to the Honolulu Police Department dispatchers. McGarrett's tousled yet immaculate hairstyle, as well as his proclivity for wearing a dark suit and tie on all possible occasions (uncommon in the islands), rapidly entered popular culture. While the other members of Five-O "dressed mainland" much of the time, they also often wore local styles, such as the ubiquitous "Aloha shirt".

text: In many episodes (including the pilot), McGarrett is drawn into the world of international espionage and national intelligence. McGarrett's nemesis is a rogue intelligence officer of the People's Republic of China named Wo Fat. The communist rogue agent was played by veteran actor Khigh Dheigh. In the show's final episode in 1980, titled "Woe to Wo Fat", McGarrett finally sees his foe go to jail.[7]

text: Unlike the reboot the show's action and straightforward storytelling left little time for personal stories involving wives or girlfriends,[6] though a two-part story in the first season dealt with the loss of McGarrett's sister's baby. Occasionally, a show would flash back to McGarrett's younger years or to a romantic figure.

text: In the episode "Number One with a Bullet, Part 2", McGarrett tells a criminal, "It was a bastard like you who killed my father." His 42-year-old father had been run down and killed by someone who had just held up a supermarket. Because Steve McGarrett is also a commander in the Naval Reserve, he sometimes uses their resources to help investigate and solve crimes. Hence the closing credits of some episodes mentioned the Naval Reserve.[8] A 1975 episode involving Danno's aunt, played by MacArthur's adoptive mother Helen Hayes, provided a bit of Williams' back story.

text: Creation of the show[edit]

text: Sources differ on how the show came to be. Producer Leonard Freeman moved to Hawaii to recuperate after suffering a heart attack. One source states the idea for the show may have come from a conversation Freeman had with Hawaii's then-Governor John A. Burns.[4][9] Another source instead claims that Freeman wanted to set a show in San Pedro, Los Angeles, California until his friend Richard Boone convinced him to shoot it entirely in Hawaii.[10] A third source claims Freeman discussed the show with Governor Burns only after pitching the idea to CBS.[11] Before settling on the name "Hawaii Five-O", Freeman considered titling the show "The Man".[4]

text: Casting[edit]

text: Freeman offered Richard Boone the part of McGarrett, but Boone turned it down;[10] Gregory Peck[11] and Robert Brown[12] were also considered. Ultimately, Jack Lord – then living in Beverly Hills – was asked at the last moment. Lord read for the part on a Wednesday, was cast, and flew to Hawaii two days later. On the following Monday, Lord was in front of the cameras. Freeman and Lord had worked together previously on an unsold TV pilot called Grand Hotel.[11]

text: Tim O'Kelly originated the role of Danny Williams in the pilot episode, "Cocoon." Test audiences apparently weren't positive on O'Kelly, however, and the producers replaced him with James MacArthur.

text: Kam Fong Chun, an 18-year veteran of the Honolulu Police Department, auditioned for the part of the lead villain Wo Fat, but Freeman cast him in the part of Chin Ho Kelly instead. Freeman took the name Wo Fat from a restaurant in downtown Honolulu. The name Chin Ho came from Chinn Ho, the owner of the Ilikai Hotel where the penthouse shot of Steve McGarrett in the opening title sequence was taken.[13] Richard Denning, who played the governor, had retired to Hawaii and came out of retirement for the show. Zulu was a Waikiki beach boy and local DJ when he was cast for the part of Kono, which he played for the next four years.

text: Characters[edit]

text:
Name
Portrayed by
Occupation
Seasons

1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12

Steve McGarrett
Jack Lord
Commander, Five-0 Task Force
Main

Danny Williams
James MacArthur
Detective Sergeant, Five-0 Task Force; Lieutenant Five-0 Task Force
Main

Chin Ho Kelly
Kam Fong
Detective, Five-0 Task Force
Main

Kono Kalakaua
Zulu
Detective, Five-0 Task Force
Main

Duke Lukela
Herman Wedemeyer
Sargent, HPD; Detective, Five-0 Task Force

Main

Nick Kellog
Danny Kamekona
Sargent, HPD; Sargent, Five-0 Task Force

Main

Main

Ben Kokua
Al Harrington
Detective

Main

Frank Kamana
Douglas Mossman
Detective

Main

Sandi Wells
Amanda McBroom
Officer

Main

James Carew
William Smith
Detective

Main

Lori Wilson
Sharon Farrell
Detective

Main

Truck Kealoha
Moe Keale
Detective

Main

Paul Jemeson
Richard Denning
Governor
Main

May
Maggi Parker
Secratary
Main

Jenny Sherman
Peggy Ryan
Secratary

Main

John Manicote
Glenn Cannon
Attorney General

Main

text: Main[edit]

text:
Captain Steven "Steve" McGarrett (played by Jack Lord; seasons 1–12), commander
Daniel "Danno" Williams (James MacArthur; Tim O'Kelly in the pilot; seasons 1–11), Detective Sgt. (S1-S2) & Lt. (S3-10)
Chin Ho Kelly (Kam Fong; seasons 1–10), Detective
Kono Kalakaua (Zulu; seasons 1–4), Detective
Duke Lukela (Herman Wedemeyer; seasons 4–12), Detective (HPD police sergeant promoted to Five-O)
Sgt. Nick Kellogg (Danny Kamekona; seasons 5–7, 12), HPD/5-0
Ben Kokua (Al Harrington; seasons 5–7), Detective
Frank Kamana (Douglas Mossman; season 7), Detective
Sandi Welles (Amanda McBroom; seasons 8 & 9), Officer
James (later "Kimo") Carew (William Smith; season 12), Detective
Lori Wilson (Sharon Farrell; season 12), Detective
Truck Kealoha (Moe Keale; season 12), Detective
Governor Paul Jameson (Richard Denning; Lew Ayres in the pilot; seasons 1–12)
May (Maggi Parker; Mitzi Hoag in the pilot; season 1), secretary
Jenny Sherman (Peggy Ryan; seasons 2–8), secretary
John Manicote (Glenn Cannon; seasons 4–9), Attorney General

text: Recurring[edit]

text:
Wo Fat (Khigh Dhiegh in the pilot, and occasionally throughout the series, including the final episode), Chinese intelligence agent and criminal mastermind
Che Fong (Harry Endo), the forensic specialist
Joey Lee (Brian Tochi), former gang leader turned undercover informant for McGarrett
Doc Bergman (Al Eben), the medical examiner
Lieutenant Kealoha & Lealoha (Douglas Mossman; season 1)
Jonathan Kaye (from the State Dept.) (James Gregory (pilot), Joseph Sirola; season 2–5), Robert Dixon ("To Kill or Be Killed," season 3), Tim O'Connor ("The Ninety-Second War," season 4), Bill Edwards; seasons 6–9), and Lyle Bettger; season 10)
"Doc" (full name never used) (Newell Tarrant; season 1, Robert Brilliande and Ted Thorpe; season 2), Robert Costa; season 3)
Che Fong (Danny Kamekona; seasons 1 & 2)
Luana (Laura Sode; seasons 10–12)
Attorney General Walter Stewart (Morgan White; season 1)
Mildred (Peggy Ryan; season 1)
Dr. Grant Ormsbee (Pat Hingle; seasons 8 & 9)

text: Production[edit]

text: The first season was shot in a rusty military Quonset hut in Pearl City, which the various cast members quickly nicknamed "Mongoose Manor".[14] The roof tended to leak, and rats would often gnaw at the cables. The show then moved to a Fort Ruger location for seasons two to eight. A third studio was built at Diamond Head, and was used during the last four seasons.

text: A problem from the beginning was the lack of a movie industry in Hawaii. Much of the crew and cast, including many locals who ended up participating in the show, had to learn their respective jobs as they went along. Jack Lord was known as a perfectionist who insisted on the best from everyone.[15] His temper flared when he felt that others did not give their best, but in later reunions they admitted that Lord's hard-driving force had made them better actors and made Hawaii Five-O a better show. Lord's high standards helped the show last another six years after Leonard Freeman's death from heart trouble during the sixth season.[15]

text: To critics and viewers, there was no question that Jack Lord was the center of the show, and that the other actors frequently served as little more than props, standing and watching while McGarrett emoted and paced around his office, analyzing the crime. But occasionally episodes would focus on the other actors, and let them showcase their own talents, such as Danno defusing bombs in "The Clock Struck Twelve". Since Jack Lord had a financial interest in the show, he referred to other regular cast actors in the program as a "with", as in "With James MacArthur"; they were never called "co-stars".[16]

text: Very few episodes were shot outside of Hawaii. At least two episodes were shot in Los Angeles, one in Hong Kong, and one in Singapore. Episodes shot in these locations were the only ones not to bear the "Filmed entirely on location in Hawaii" legend.

text: Credits[edit]

text: The opening title sequence was created by television director Reza S. Badiyi. Early shows began with a cold open suggesting the sinister plot for that program, then cut to a shot of a big ocean wave and the start of the theme song.[6][17][18] A fast zoom-in to the top balcony of the Ilikai Hotel followed,[13] showing McGarrett turning to face the camera, followed by many quick-cuts and freeze-frames of Hawaiian scenery, and Hawaiian-Chinese-Caucasian model Elizabeth Malamalamaokalani Logue turning to face the camera.[19] A grass-skirted hula dancer from the pilot episode was also included, played by Helen Kuoha-Torco, who later became a professor of business technology at Windward Community College.[20] The opening scene ended with shots of the supporting players, and the flashing blue light of a police motorcycle racing through a Honolulu street.

text: At the conclusion of each episode, Jack Lord narrated a promo for the next episode, often emphasizing the "guest villain", especially if the villain is a recurring character, such as that played by actor Hume Cronyn. The line he spoke was, "This is Jack Lord inviting you to be with us next week for <name of episode>" and then, "Be here. Aloha." The promos were removed from the syndicated episodes but most have been restored in DVD releases from the second season through the ninth. Most of the promos are slightly edited to remove references to "next week".

text: This tradition has been continued in the 2010 version of Hawaii Five-0, but is not limited to Alex O'Loughlin. All of the primary cast members take turns with the iconic "Be here. Aloha" line at the end of the preview segment.

text: There were two versions of the closing credits portion of the show. During the first season, the theme music was played over a short film of a flashing blue light attached to the rear of a police motorcycle in Waikiki heading west (the film is shown at twice the normal speed, as can be seen from people crossing a street behind the police motorcycle).[21] In later seasons, the same music was played over film of outrigger canoeists battling the surf.

text: In a 2010 issue of TV Guide, the show's opening title sequence ranked No. 4 on a list of TV's top 10 credits sequences, as selected by readers.[22]

text: Legacy[edit]

text: The show was the longest running crime show on American television until Law & Order surpassed it in 2003 and was the first to enjoy an uninterrupted run that exceeded a decade (it has since been joined in that distinction by several other series including Law & Order: Special Victims Unit, CSI: Crime Scene Investigation and NCIS).

text: When the show premièred in 1968, Hawaii had been a state for only 9 years and was relatively obscure to Americans who had never served in the Pacific Theater; but as a geographic part of Polynesia, it had an exotic image.

text: Known for the location, theme song, and ensemble cast, Hawaii Five-O contains a heavy use of exterior location shooting throughout the entire 12 seasons. A typical episode, on average, would have at least two-thirds of all footage shot on location, as opposed to a "typical" show of the time which would be shot largely on sound stages and backlots. It is also remembered for its unusual setting during an era when most crime dramas of the era were set in or around the Los Angeles or New York City areas.

text: The Hawaii-based television show Magnum, P.I. was created after Hawaii Five-O ended its run, in order to make further use of the expensive production facilities created there for Five-O. The first few Magnum P.I. episodes made direct references to Five-O, suggesting that it takes place in the same fictional setting. Magnum's producers made a few attempts to coax Jack Lord out of retirement for a cameo appearance, but he refused.[7]

text: The vast majority of characters in the show were White Americans, whereas only 40% of the population of the state identified themselves as such. Many local people were cast in the show, which was ethnically diverse by the standards of the late 1960s.[6] The first run and syndication were seen by an estimated 400 million people around the world.

text: Remake projects[edit]

text: A one-hour pilot for a new series was made in 1996 but never aired. Produced and written by Stephen J. Cannell, it starred Gary Busey and Russell Wong as the new Five-O team. James MacArthur returned as Dan Williams, having become governor of Hawaii.[23] Several cameos were made by other Five-O regulars, including Kam Fong as Chin Ho Kelly[24] (even though the character had been killed off at the end of Season 10).[citation needed]

text: The one-hour pilot for a revived show, called Hawaii Five-0 (the last character is a zero instead of the letter "O", which is the true title of the original series as well), aired September 20, 2010, on CBS, and as of October 2013, the series now airs Friday nights at 9 PM Eastern, 8 PM Central time.[citation needed] The remake version Hawaii Five-0 uses the same principal character names as the original, and the new Steve McGarrett's late father's vintage 1974 Mercury Marquis is the actual specimen driven by Lord in the original series's final seasons. The new series opening credit sequence is an homage to the original; the theme song is cut in half, from 60 to 30 seconds, but is an otherwise identical instrumentation. Most of the iconic shots are replicated, beginning with the helicopter approach and close-up turn of McGarrett at the Ilikai Hotel penthouse, the jet engine intake, a hula dancer's hips, the quickly stepped zoom-in to the face of the Lady Columbia statue at Punchbowl, the close-up of the Kamehameha Statue's face, and the ending with a police motorcycle's flashing blue light. Starting with the Season 7 many of the clips that were part of the original opening were removed and more action shots of the cast were included. On the March 19, 2012 episode, Ed Asner reprised his role as "August March", a character he first played in a 1975 episode. Clips from the 1975 episode were included in the new one, even though the 2010 series is intended to be in a different narrative universe than the Jack Lord series.

text: Theme music[edit]

text: Another legacy of the show is the popularity of the Hawaii Five-O theme music. The tune was composed by Morton Stevens, who also composed numerous episode scores performed by the CBS Orchestra. The theme was later recorded by the Ventures, whose version reached No. 4 on the Billboard Hot 100 pop chart,[6] and is particularly popular with college and high school marching bands, especially at the University of Hawaii where it has become the unofficial fight song. The tune has also been heard at Robertson Stadium after Houston Dynamo goals scored by Brian Ching, a native of Hawaii. Because of the tempo of the music, the theme gained popularity in the UK with followers of Northern soul and was popular on dance floors in the 1970s.[25]

text: Although the theme is most widely known as an instrumental, it has been released with at least two similar but different sets of lyrics. The first, "You Can Come With Me" by Don Ho, opens with an instrumental in the familiar tempo, then settles into a ballad style for the sung portion.[26] The second, by Sammy Davis, Jr., titled "You Can Count on Me (Theme from Hawaii Five-O)", maintains the driving style of the original instrumental throughout.[27]

text: Australian proto-punk band Radio Birdman borrowed heavily from the program and its theme for their 1977 single "Aloha, Steve & Danno", later included on selected versions of the album Radios Appear. Band leader Deniz Tek, who grew up in Ann Arbor, Michigan during the heyday of MC5 and The Stooges, commented that he found Sydney of the early 1970s to be a rather quiet and staid place in comparison, and that airings of the program were a weekly highlight. The song was written after the band members realized they were spending a lot of evenings watching the program. The lyrics of the song's verses consist entirely of references to story lines of the early episodes. The chorus alludes to the boredom which band members experienced when the program wasn't on. The song's guitar solos and other elements of the music were directly derivative of the program's theme; Stevens received a writing credit on the song as a result.

text: In the Australian movie The Dish, the theme was mistaken for the national anthem of the US by a local band upon the visit of the US Ambassador to Parkes, NSW, to commemorate the 1969 Moon landing.

text: Bill Murray sang his own made-up lyrics to the song on one of his "Nick the Lounge Singer" skits on Saturday Night Live.

text: On the 1997 Bill Nye the Science Guy episode "Volcanoes", the MIDI version of "Hawaii Five-O" was used during the "Pahoehoe Five-O" segments.

text: The song was also featured in the film 50 First Dates (2004), and the Sammy Davis Jr. version of the theme song was re-recorded by Los Straitjackets with Deke Dickerson and released in 2014.

text: Darts player Wayne Mardle used the song as his walk-on song in 2013.[28]

text: Slang term for police[edit]

text: The phrase "Five-O" (or any variation, such as "5–0", "5-o", and "five O", all usually pronounced "five oh") has come to refer to the police in the United States.[29]

text: Episodes[edit]

text: Withheld episode[edit]

text: "Bored, She Hung Herself", the 16th episode of the second season, depicted a Five-O investigation into the apparent suicide of a woman by hanging, which she was supposedly practicing as part of a health regimen.[30] A viewer reportedly died trying the same technique, and as a result, the episode was not rebroadcast, was never included in any syndication packages, and has not been included on any DVD release of the show to date.[31][32]

text: Broadcast history[edit]

text:
September 1968 – December 1968: Thursdays at 8:00 p.m.
December 1968 – March 1971: Wednesdays at 10:00 p.m.
September 1971 – February 1974: Tuesdays at 8:30 p.m.
September 1974 – March 1975: Tuesdays at 9:00 p.m.
September 1975 – November 1975: Fridays at 9:00 p.m.
December 1975 – November 1979: Thursdays at 9:00 p.m.
December 1979 – January 1980: Tuesdays at 9:00 p.m.
March 1980 – April 1980: Saturdays at 9:00 p.m.

text: Syndication[edit]

text: Hawaii Five-O survived long enough to overlap with reruns of early episodes, which were broadcast by CBS in their late night schedule while new episodes were still being produced. Once the program entered syndication after the original run of the series, CBS broadcast reruns of season 12 in late night under the title McGarrett to avoid confusion with the episodes in syndication broadcast under the title Hawaii Five-O. MeTV began airing this series with episode 1, on August 21, 2017, in a 6 PM EDT time slot daily.

text: In the United Kingdom, the series first aired on ITV on July 19, 1970 in a Saturday evening timeslot.

text: Ratings[edit]

text:
Season
Rank
Rating

1968–69
15
70.5

1969–70
19
21.1

1970–71
7
25.0

1971–72
12
23.6

1972–73
3
25.2

1973–74
5
24.0

1974–75
10
24.8

1975–76
14

1976–77
18
21.9 (tied with 60 Minutes)

1977–78
23
20.4

1978–79
44
18.0

1979–80
47

text: Awards and nominations[edit]

text: Emmys[edit]

text:
Wins

1970: Outstanding Musical Composition: Morton Stevens, "A Thousand Pardons, You're Dead!"
1974: Best Music Composition – Series: Morton Stevens, "Hookman"

Nominations

1969: Outstanding Cinematography: Frank Phillips, "Up-Tight"
1969: Outstanding Musical Composition: Morton Stevens, the pilot
1971: Outstanding Film Editing: Arthur David Hilton, "Over Fifty? Steal"
1971: Outstanding Directing: Bob Sweeney, "Over Fifty? Steal"
1972: Outstanding Cinematography: Robert L. Morrison
1973: Outstanding Drama Series: Leonard Freeman, executive producer; Bob Sweeney, supervising producer; William Finnegan, producer
1974: Best Cinematography: Robert Morrison, Jack Whitman and Bill Huffman
1974: Best Music Composition – Series: Don B. Ray, "Nightmare in Blue"
1974: Best Music Composition – Series: Bruce Broughton, "The $100,000 Nickel"
1976: Outstanding Actress, Single Performance Drama or Comedy Series: Helen Hayes, "Retire in Sunny Hawaii ... Forever"

text: Streaming media[edit]

text: CBS Interactive had presented the entire first season of the show online via Adobe Flash streaming media.[33] As of July 2017, almost every episode is available at CBS.com.[34] The first 10 episodes of season 1 are available free of charge. All other episodes require a CBS All Access subscription to view.

text: DVD releases[edit]

text: CBS DVD (distributed by Paramount) has released all twelve seasons on DVD in Region 1. The first eight seasons have been released in region 2 and region 4.

text: Note: The episode "Bored, She Hung Herself" is not included in The Second Season set. The omission is mentioned on the back of the box. Only some Australian bootlegs have had the episode. Seasons 2–8 contain episode promos by Jack Lord.

text: On December 3, 2013, Paramount released Hawaii Five-O – The Complete Series on DVD in Region 1.[35]

text: On April 18, 2017, the complete series set was reissued.

text:
DVD name
Ep. No.
Release dates

Region 1
Region 2
Region 4

The First Season
24
March 6, 2007
April 16, 2007
April 12, 2007

The Second Season
24
July 31, 2007
October 29, 2007
November 8, 2007

The Third Season
24
January 22, 2008
May 5, 2008
May 15, 2008

The Fourth Season
24
June 10, 2008
September 1, 2008
November 6, 2008

The Fifth Season
24
November 18, 2008
February 9, 2009
March 5, 2009

The Sixth Season
24
April 21, 2009
September 14, 2009
December 24, 2009

The Seventh Season
24
October 20, 2009
March 22, 2010
December 24, 2009

The Eighth Season
23
March 16, 2010
TBA
TBA

The Ninth Season
23
August 3, 2010
TBA
TBA

The Tenth Season
24
December 14, 2010
TBA
TBA

The Eleventh Season
21
September 20, 2011
TBA
TBA

The Twelfth and Final Season
19
January 10, 2012
TBA
TBA

The Complete Series
278
December 3, 2013
TBA
TBA

The Complete Series
278
April 18, 2017
TBA
TBA

text: Other media[edit]

text: A soundtrack album featuring Morton Stevens' theme and incidental music from the pilot and the first two seasons was issued by Capitol Records in 1970. Unlike many albums of television music of the time, the music was taken directly from the scoring sessions rather than being specially re-recorded for album release. One of the instrumental pieces on the album, "Call to Danger", was originally recorded for the unsold 1967 pilot of the same name and also excerpted as background music accompanying a "Special Presentation" logo that CBS used to introduce its prime time television specials throughout the 1970s and 1980s. The album was re-issued on compact disc by Film Score Monthly in 2010.

text:
Hawaii Five-0 (1:32)
Call to Danger (1:48)
McGarrett's Theme (2:25)
Front Street (2:42)
The Long Wait (2:18)
Blues Trip (3:14)
The Floater (2:23)
Interlude (1:53)
Operation Smash (2:05)
Beach Trip (2:30)
Up Tight (2:05)
The Chase/Hawaii Five-0 (4:36)

tag: ol

text: Hawaii Five-O was the subject of six novelizations. Each one had a plot line written for the book and was not based on a television episode. The first two books were published by Signet Paperbacks in 1968 and 1969. After that were two juvenile hard covers published by Whitman publishing in 1969 and 1971 and finally two more books were published in England.[36]

text:
1960s portal
1970s portal
1980s portal


document_title: Madison, Wisconsin

question_text: how far is madison wisconsin to milwaukee wisconsin

question_tokens: how far is madison wisconsin to milwaukee wisconsin

root

text: Madison, Wisconsin

text: History[edit]

text: Madison's origins begin in 1829, when former federal judge James Duane Doty purchased over a thousand acres (4 km²) of swamp and forest land on the isthmus between Lakes Mendota and Monona, with the intention of building a city in the Four Lakes region. He purchased 1,261 acres for $1,500. When the Wisconsin Territory was created in 1836 the territorial legislature convened in Belmont, Wisconsin. One of the legislature's tasks was to select a permanent location for the territory's capital. Doty lobbied aggressively for Madison as the new capital, offering buffalo robes to the freezing legislators and promising choice Madison lots at discount prices to undecided voters.[8] He had James Slaughter plat two cities in the area, Madison and "The City of Four Lakes", near present-day Middleton.

tag: p

text: Doty named the city Madison for James Madison, the fourth President of the U.S. who had died on June 28, 1836, and he named the streets for the other 39 signers of the U.S. Constitution.[9] Although the city existed only on paper, the territorial legislature voted on November 28 in favor of Madison as its capital, largely because of its location halfway between the new and growing cities around Milwaukee in the east and the long established strategic post of Prairie du Chien in the west, and between the highly populated lead mining regions in the southwest and Wisconsin's oldest city, Green Bay, in the northeast. Being named for the much-admired founding father James Madison, who had just died, and having streets named for each of the 39 signers of the Constitution, may have also helped attract votes.[10]

text: Creation and expansion[edit]

text: The cornerstone for the Wisconsin capitol was laid in 1837, and the legislature first met there in 1838. On October 9, 1839, Kintzing Prichett registered the plat of Madison at the registrar's office of the then-territorial Dane County.[1] Madison was incorporated as a village in 1846, with a population of 626. When Wisconsin became a state in 1848, Madison remained the capital, and the following year it became the site of the University of Wisconsin (now University of Wisconsin–Madison). The Milwaukee & Mississippi Railroad (a predecessor of the Milwaukee Road) connected to Madison in 1854. Madison incorporated as a city in 1856, with a population of 6,863, leaving the unincorporated remainder as a separate Town of Madison.[11] The original capitol was replaced in 1863 and the second capitol burned in 1904. The current capitol was built between 1906 and 1917.[12]

text: During the Civil War, Madison served as a center of the Union Army in Wisconsin. The intersection of Milwaukee, East Washington, Winnebago, and North Streets is known as Union Corners, because a tavern there was the last stop for Union soldiers before heading to fight the Confederates. Camp Randall, on the west side of Madison, was built and used as a training camp, a military hospital, and a prison camp for captured Confederate soldiers. After the war ended, the Camp Randall site was absorbed into the University of Wisconsin and Camp Randall Stadium was built there in 1917. In 2004 the last vestige of active military training on the site was removed when the stadium renovation replaced a firing range used for ROTC training.

text: The City of Madison continued annexations from the Town of Madison almost from the date of the city's incorporation, leaving the latter a collection of discontiguous areas subject to annexation. In the wake of continued controversy and an effort in the state legislature to simply abolish the town, an agreement was reached in 2003 to provide for the incorporation of the remaining portions of the Town into the City of Madison and the City of Fitchburg by October 30, 2022.[13]

text: Geography and climate[edit]

text: Madison is located in the center of Dane County in south-central Wisconsin, 77 miles (124 km) west of Milwaukee and 122 miles (196 km) northwest of Chicago. The city completely surrounds the smaller Town of Madison, the City of Monona, and the villages of Maple Bluff and Shorewood Hills. Madison shares borders with its largest suburb, Sun Prairie, and three other suburbs, Middleton, McFarland, and Fitchburg. The city's boundaries also approach the city of Verona and the villages of Cottage Grove, DeForest, and Waunakee.

text: According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of 94.03 square miles (243.54 km2), of which 76.79 square miles (198.89 km2) is land and 17.24 square miles (44.65 km2) is water.[2]

text: The city is sometimes described as The City of Four Lakes, comprising the four successive lakes of the Yahara River: Lake Mendota ("Fourth Lake"), Lake Monona ("Third Lake"), Lake Waubesa ("Second Lake") and Lake Kegonsa ("First Lake"),[14] although Waubesa and Kegonsa are not actually in Madison, but just south of it. A fifth smaller lake, Lake Wingra, is within the city as well; it is connected to the Yahara River chain by Wingra Creek. The Yahara flows into the Rock River, which flows into the Mississippi River. Downtown Madison is located on an isthmus between Lakes Mendota and Monona. The city's trademark of "Lake, City, Lake" reflects this geography.

text: Local identity varies throughout Madison, with over 120 officially recognized neighborhood associations.[15] Neighborhoods on and near the eastern part of the isthmus, some of the city's oldest, have the strongest sense of identity and are the most politically liberal.[citation needed] Historically, the north, east, and south sides were blue collar while the west side was white collar, and to a certain extent this remains true. Students dominate on the University of Wisconsin campus and to the east into downtown, while to its south and in Shorewood Hills on its west, faculty have been a major presence since those neighborhoods were originally developed. The turning point in Madison's development was the university's 1954 decision to develop its experimental farm on the western edge of town; since then, the city has grown substantially along suburban lines.

text: Madison, along with the rest of the state, has a humid continental climate (Köppen: Dfb/Dfa), characterized by variable weather patterns and a large seasonal temperature variance: winter temperatures can be well below freezing, with moderate to occasionally heavy snowfall and temperatures reaching 0 °F (−18 °C) on 17 nights annually; high temperatures in summer average in the lower 80s °F (27–28 °C), reaching 90 °F (32 °C) on an average 12 days per year,[16] often accompanied by high humidity levels. Summer accounts for a greater proportion of annual rainfall, but winter still sees significant precipitation.

text:
[show]Climate data for Madison, Wisconsin (KMSN), 1981–2010 normals, extremes 1869–present[a]

Month
Jan
Feb
Mar
Apr
May
Jun
Jul
Aug
Sep
Oct
Nov
Dec
Year

Record high °F (°C)
58
(14)
68
(20)
83
(28)
94
(34)
101
(38)
101
(38)
107
(42)
102
(39)
99
(37)
90
(32)
77
(25)
65
(18)
107
(42)

Average high °F (°C)
26.4
(−3.1)
31.1
(−0.5)
43.1
(6.2)
57.3
(14.1)
68.4
(20.2)
77.9
(25.5)
81.6
(27.6)
79.4
(26.3)
71.8
(22.1)
58.9
(14.9)
44.1
(6.7)
30.2
(−1)
55.9
(13.3)

Average low °F (°C)
11.1
(−11.6)
15.1
(−9.4)
24.8
(−4)
35.8
(2.1)
46.1
(7.8)
56.1
(13.4)
61.0
(16.1)
59.0
(15)
50.2
(10.1)
38.8
(3.8)
28.2
(−2.1)
15.9
(−8.9)
36.8
(2.7)

Record low °F (°C)
−37
(−38)
−29
(−34)
−29
(−34)
0
(−18)
19
(−7)
31
(−1)
36
(2)
35
(2)
25
(−4)
12
(−11)
−14
(−26)
−28
(−33)
−37
(−38)

Average precipitation inches (mm)
1.23
(31.2)
1.45
(36.8)
2.20
(55.9)
3.40
(86.4)
3.55
(90.2)
4.54
(115.3)
4.18
(106.2)
4.27
(108.5)
3.13
(79.5)
2.40
(61)
2.39
(60.7)
1.74
(44.2)
34.48
(875.8)

Average snowfall inches (cm)
12.9
(32.8)
10.6
(26.9)
7.0
(17.8)
2.6
(6.6)
0.2
(0.5)
0
(0)
0
(0)
0
(0)
0
(0)
0.5
(1.3)
3.6
(9.1)
13.5
(34.3)
50.9
(129.3)

Average precipitation days (≥ 0.01 in)
10.2
9.2
10.5
12.1
11.9
11.1
10.6
9.4
9.3
9.8
10.6
10.1
124.8

Average snowy days (≥ 0.1 in)
9.8
7.9
5.8
2.0
0.2
0
0
0
0
0.5
3.8
8.7
38.7

Average relative humidity (%)
74.5
73.1
71.4
66.3
65.8
68.3
71.0
74.4
76.8
73.2
76.9
78.5
72.5

Mean monthly sunshine hours
143.0
152.3
187.3
206.7
263.1
293.1
304.9
270.2
213.8
172.5
111.4
109.5
2,427.8

Percent possible sunshine
49
52
51
51
58
64
66
63
57
50
38
39
54

Source: NOAA (relative humidity and sun 1961–1990),[16][17][18] The Weather Channel[19]

tag: table

text: Demographics[edit]

text:
Historical population

Census
Pop.

%±

1840
172

—

1850
1,525

786.6%

1860
6,611

333.5%

1870
9,176

38.8%

1880
10,324

12.5%

1890
13,426

30.0%

1900
19,164

42.7%

1910
25,531

33.2%

1920
38,378

50.3%

1930
57,899

50.9%

1940
67,447

16.5%

1950
96,056

42.4%

1960
126,706

31.9%

1970
171,809

35.6%

1980
170,616

−0.7%

1990
191,262

12.1%

2000
208,054

8.8%

2010
233,209

12.1%

Est. 2016
252,551
[4]
8.3%

U.S. Decennial Census[20]

text: As of 2000 the median income for a household in the city was $41,941, and the median income for a family was $59,840. Males had a median income of $36,718 versus $30,551 for females. The per capita income for the city was $23,498. About 5.8% of families and 15.0% of the population were below the poverty line, including 11.4% of those under age 18 and 4.5% of those age 65 or over.

text: 2010 census[edit]

text: As of the census[3] of 2010, there were 233,209 people, 102,516 households, and 47,824 families residing in the city. The population density was 3,037.0 inhabitants per square mile (1,172.6/km2). There were 108,843 housing units at an average density of 1,417.4 per square mile (547.3/km2). The racial makeup of the city was 78.9% White, 7.3% African American, 0.4% Native American, 7.4% Asian, 2.9% from other races, and 3.1% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 6.8% of the population.

text: There were 102,516 households of which 22.2% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 35.1% were married couples living together, 8.4% had a female householder with no husband present, 3.2% had a male householder with no wife present, and 53.3% were non-families. 36.2% of all households were made up of individuals and 7.5% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.17 and the average family size was 2.87.

text: The median age in the city was 30.9 years. 17.5% of residents were under the age of 18; 19.6% were between the ages of 18 and 24; 31.4% were from 25 to 44; 21.9% were from 45 to 64; and 9.6% were 65 years of age or older. The gender makeup of the city was 49.2% male and 50.8% female.

text: Combined Statistical Area[edit]

text: Madison is the larger principal city of the Madison-Baraboo CSA, a Combined Statistical Area that includes the Madison metropolitan area (Columbia, Dane, and Iowa counties) and the Baraboo micropolitan area (Sauk County),[21][22][23] which had a combined population of 630,569[24] at the 2010 census.[25]

text: Religion[edit]

text: Madison is the episcopal see for the Roman Catholic Diocese of Madison.[26] Saint Raphael's Cathedral, damaged by arson in 2005 and demolished in 2008, was the mother church of the diocese. The steeple and spire survived and have been preserved with the intention they could be incorporated in the structure of a replacement building.[27]

text: The USA's third largest congregation of Unitarian Universalists,[28] the First Unitarian Society of Madison, makes its home in the historic Unitarian Meeting House, designed by one of its members, Frank Lloyd Wright.[29]

text: InterVarsity Christian Fellowship/USA has its headquarters in Madison. Most American Christian movements are represented in the city, including mainline denominations, evangelical, charismatic and fully independent churches, including an LDS stake. The city also has a Buddhist temple, a Hindu temple, three mosques and several synagogues, a Bahá'í community center, a Quaker Meeting House, and a Unity Church congregation.

text: Economy[edit]

text: Wisconsin state government and the University of Wisconsin–Madison remain the two largest Madison employers. However, Madison's economy today is evolving from a government-based economy to a consumer services and high-tech base, particularly in the health, biotech and advertising sectors.[citation needed] Beginning in the early 1990s, the city experienced a steady economic boom and has been less affected by recession than other areas of the state. Much of the expansion has occurred on the city's south and west sides, but it has also affected the east side near the Interstate 39-90-94 interchange and along the northern shore of Lake Mendota. Underpinning the boom is the development of high-tech companies, many fostered by UW–Madison working with local businesses and entrepreneurs to transfer the results of academic research into real-world applications, especially bio-tech applications.

text: Many businesses are attracted to Madison's skill base, taking advantage of the area's high level of education. 48.2% of Madison's population over the age of 25 holds at least a bachelor's degree.[30] Forbes magazine reported in 2004 that Madison has the highest percentage of individuals holding Ph.D.s in the United States. In 2006, the same magazine listed Madison as number 31 in the top 200 metro areas for "Best Places for Business and Careers."[31] Madison has also been named in Forbes ten Best Cities several times within the past decade.[citation needed] In 2009, in the midst of the late-2000s recession, Madison had an unemployment rate of 3.5% and was ranked number one in a list of "ten cities for job growth".[32]

text: Business[edit]

text: The largest employer in Madison is the Wisconsin state government, excluding employees of the University of Wisconsin–Madison, and University of Wisconsin Hospital and Clinics employees, although both groups of workers are state employees.[33]

text: The University of Wisconsin Hospital and Clinics is an important regional teaching hospital and regional trauma center, with strengths in transplant medicine, oncology, digestive disorders, and endocrinology.[34] Other Madison hospitals include St. Mary's Hospital,[35] Meriter Hospital, and the VA Medical Center.

text: Madison is home to companies such as Spectrum Brands (formerly Rayovac), Alliant Energy, the Credit Union National Association (CUNA), MGE Energy, Aprilaire, and Sub-Zero & Wolf Appliance. Insurance companies based in Madison include American Family Insurance, CUNA Mutual Group, and National Guardian Life.

text: Technology companies in Madison include Google, Microsoft,[36] Broadjam, a regional office of CDW, Full Compass Systems, Raven Software, and TDS Telecom. Biotech firms include Panvera (now part of Invitrogen). The contract research organization Covance is a major employer in the city.[37] Madison's community hackerspaces/makerspaces are Sector67, which serves inventors and entrepreneurs, and The Bodgery, which serves hobbyists, artists, and tinkerers.

text: Oscar Mayer has been a Madison fixture for decades, and was a family business for many years before being sold to Kraft Foods. The Onion satirical newspaper, as well as the pizza chains Rocky Rococo and the Glass Nickel Pizza Company, originated in Madison.[38][39]

text: Culture[edit]

text: In 1996 Money magazine identified Madison as the best place to live in the United States.[40] It has consistently ranked near the top of the best-places list in subsequent years, with the city's low unemployment rate a major contributor.[citation needed]

text: The main downtown thoroughfare is State Street, which links the University of Wisconsin campus with the Capitol Square, and is lined with restaurants, espresso cafes, and shops. Only pedestrians, buses, emergency vehicles, delivery vehicles, and bikes are allowed on State Street.

text: On Saturday mornings in the summer, the Dane County Farmers' Market is held around the Capitol Square, the largest producer-only farmers' market in the country.[41] This market attracts numerous vendors who sell fresh produce, meat, cheese, and other products. On Wednesday evenings, the Wisconsin Chamber Orchestra performs free concerts on the capitol's lawn.[42]

text: The Great Taste of the Midwest craft beer festival, established in 1987 and the second longest running such event in North America,[citation needed] is held the second Saturday in August. The highly coveted tickets sell out within an hour of going on sale in May.[43]

text: Madison was host to Rhythm and Booms, a massive fireworks celebration coordinated to music. It began with a fly-over by F-16s from the local Wisconsin Air National Guard. This celebration was the largest fireworks display in the Midwest in length, number of shells fired, and the size of its annual budget.[44] Effective 2015, the event location was changed to downtown and renamed Shake The Lake.[45][46]

text: During the winter months, sports enthusiasts enjoy ice-boating, ice skating, ice hockey, ice fishing, cross-country skiing, and snowkiting.[47] During the rest of the year, outdoor recreation includes sailing on the local lakes, bicycling, and hiking.

text: Madison was named the number one college sports town by Sports Illustrated in 2003.[48] In 2004 it was named the healthiest city in America by Men's Journal magazine. Many major streets in Madison have designated bike lanes and the city has one of the most extensive bike trail systems in the nation.[citation needed]

text: There are many cooperative organizations in the Madison area, ranging from grocery stores (such as the Willy Street Cooperative) to housing co-ops (such as Madison Community Cooperative and Nottingham Housing Cooperative) to worker cooperatives (including an engineering firm, a wholesale organic bakery and a cab company).

text: In 2005, Madison was included in Gregory A. Kompes' book, 50 Fabulous Gay-Friendly Places to Live.[49] The Madison metro area has a higher percentage of gay couples than any other city in the area outside of Chicago and Minneapolis.[50]

text: Among the city's neighborhood fairs and celebrations are two large student-driven gatherings, the Mifflin Street Block Party and the State Street Halloween Party. Rioting and vandalism at the State Street gathering in 2004 and 2005 led the city to institute a cover charge for the 2006 celebration.[51] In an attempt to give the event more structure and to eliminate vandalism, the city and student organizations worked together to schedule performances by bands, and to organize activities. The event has been named "Freakfest on State Street."[52] Events such as these have helped contribute to the city's nickname of "Madtown."

text: In 2009, the Madison Common Council voted to name the plastic pink flamingo as the official city bird.[53]

text: Also in 2009, Madison ranked No. 2 on Newsmax magazine's list of the "Top 25 Most Uniquely American Cities and Towns," a piece written by current CBS News travel editor Peter Greenberg.[54]

text: Every April, the Wisconsin Film Festival is held in Madison.[55] This five-day event features films from a variety of genres shown in theaters across the city. The University of Wisconsin-Madison Arts Institute sponsors the Film Festival.[56]

text: Music[edit]

text: Madison's vibrant music scene covers a wide spectrum of musical culture.[57]

text: Several venues offer live music nightly, spreading from the historic Barrymore Theatre and High Noon Saloon on the east side to[58] small coffee houses and wine bars. The biggest headliners usually perform at the Orpheum Theatre, the Overture Center, Breese Stevens Field, the Alliant Energy Center, or the UW Theatre on campus. Other popular rock and pop venues include the Majestic Theatre and the Frequency. During the summer, the Memorial Union Terrace on the University of Wisconsin campus, offers live music five nights a week. The Union is located on the shores of Lake Mendota and offers beautiful scenery and sunsets. Monona Terrace Community & Convention Center, located in the heart of downtown, also hosts free rooftop concerts during the summer months.

text: The Madison Scouts Drum and Bugle Corps has provided youth aged 16–22 opportunities to perform across North America every summer since 1938. The University of Wisconsin Marching Band is a popular marching band.

text: Popular bands and musicians[edit]

text: The band Garbage formed in Madison in 1994, and has sold 17 million albums.[59]

text: Madison has a lively independent rock scene, and local independent record labels include Crustacean Records, Science of Sound,[60] Kind Turkey Records,[61] and Art Paul Schlosser Inc. A Dr. Demento[62] and weekly live karaoke[63] favorite is The Gomers,[64] who have a Madison Mayoral Proclamation named after them.[65] They have performed with fellow Wisconsin residents Les Paul and Steve Miller.[66]

text: Madison is also home to other nationally known artists such as Paul Kowert of Punch Brothers, Mama Digdown's Brass Band, Clyde Stubblefield of Funky Drummer and James Brown fame, and musicians Roscoe Mitchell, Richard Davis, Ben Sidran, Sexy Ester and the Pretty Mama Sisters, Reptile Palace Orchestra, Ted Park, DJ Pain 1, Killdozer, Zola Jesus, Caustic, PHOX, and Lou & Peter Berryman, among others.

text: Music festivals[edit]

text: In the summer Madison hosts many music festivals, including the Waterfront Festival, the Willy St. Fair, Atwood Summerfest, the Isthmus Jazz Festival, the Orton Park Festival, 94.1 WJJO's Band Camp, Greekfest, the WORT Block Party and the Sugar Maple Traditional Music Festival, and the Madison World Music Festival sponsored by the Wisconsin Union Theater (held at the Memorial Union Terrace and at the Willy St. Fair in September). Past festivals include the Madison Pop Festival and Forward Music Festival (2009–2010.) One of the latest additions is the Fête de Marquette, taking place around Bastille Day at various east side locations. This new festival celebrates French music, with a focus on Cajun influences. Madison also hosts an annual electronic music festival, Reverence, and the Folk Ball, a world music and Folk dance festival held annually in January. Madison is home to the LBGTQA festival, Fruit Fest, celebrating queer culture and LGBT allies. Madison also plays host to the National Women's Music Festival.[67] UW-Madison also hosts the annual music and arts festival, Revelry, on campus at the Memorial Union each spring. The festival is put on by students for students as an end of the year celebration on campus.[68]

text: Art[edit]

text: Art museums include the UW–Madison's Chazen Museum of Art (formerly the Elvehjem Museum), and the Madison Museum of Contemporary Art, which annually organizes the popular Art Fair on the Square. Madison also has many independent art studios, galleries, and arts organizations, with events such as Art Fair Off the Square. Other museums include Wisconsin Historical Museum (run by the Wisconsin Historical Society),[69] the Wisconsin Veterans Museum,[70] the Madison Children's Museum,.[71]

text: Performing arts[edit]

text: The Madison Opera, the Madison Symphony Orchestra, Forward Theater Company, the Wisconsin Chamber Orchestra, and the Madison Ballet are some of the professional resident companies of the Overture Center for the Arts. The city is also home to a number of smaller performing arts organizations, including a group of theater companies that present in the Bartell Theatre, a former movie palace renovated into live theater spaces, and Opera for the Young, an opera company that performs for elementary school students across the Midwest. The Wisconsin Union Theater (a 1300-seat theater) is home to seasonal attractions and is the main stage for Four Seasons Theatre, a community theater company specializing in musical theater, and other groups. The Young Shakespeare Players, a theater group for young people, performs uncut Shakespeare and George Bernard Shaw plays.

text: Community-based theater groups include Children's Theatre of Madison, Strollers Theatre, Madison Theatre Guild, the Mercury Players, and Broom Street Theater (which is no longer on Broom Street).

text: Madison offers one comedy club, the Comedy Club on State (which hosts the Madison's Funniest Comic competition every year since 2010), owned by the Paras family. Madison has other options for more alternative humor, featuring several improv groups, such as Atlas Improv Co., Monkey Business Institute, as well as open-mics virtually every night.

text: Madison has one of the world's major entertainment industry archives at the Wisconsin Center for Film and Theater Research, part of the Wisconsin Historical Society.[72]

text: Architecture[edit]

text: The Wisconsin State Capitol dome was modeled after the dome of the U.S. Capitol, and was erected on the high point of the isthmus. Visible throughout the Madison area, a state law limits building heights within one mile (1.6 km) of the structure to 1,032.8 feet (314.8 meters) above sea level to preserve the view of the building in most areas of the city.[73] Capitol Square is located in Madison's urban core, and is well-integrated with everyday pedestrian traffic and commerce. State Street and East Washington offer excellent views of the capitol.

text: Architect Frank Lloyd Wright spent much of his childhood in Madison and studied briefly at the university. Buildings in Madison designed by Wright include Usonian House, and the Unitarian Meeting House. Monona Terrace, now a convention and community center overlooking Lake Monona, was created by Anthony Puttnam—a student of Wright's—based on a 1957 Wright design. The Harold C. Bradley House in the University Heights neighborhood was designed collaboratively by Louis H. Sullivan and George Grant Elmslie in 1908–10, and now serves as the Sigma Phi Fraternity.[citation needed]

text: The Overture Center for the Arts, opened 2004, and the adjacent Madison Museum of Contemporary Art, opened 2006, on State Street near the capitol were designed by architect César Pelli. Located within the Overture Center are Overture Hall, Capitol Theater, and The Playhouse. Its modernist style, with simple expanses of glass framed by stone, was designed to complement nearby historic building facades.[citation needed]

text: The architectural firm Claude and Starck designed over 175 Madison buildings, and many are still standing, including Breese Stevens Field, Doty School (now condominiums), and many private residences.[74]

text: Architecture on the University of Wisconsin campus includes many buildings designed or supervised by the firm J. T. W. Jennings, such as the Dairy Barn and Agricultural Hall, or by architect Arthur Peabody, such as the Memorial Union and Carillon Tower. Several campus buildings erected in the 1960s followed the brutalist style. In 2005 the university embarked on a major redevelopment at the east end of its campus. The plan called for the razing of nearly a dozen 1950s to 1970s vintage buildings; the construction of new dormitories, administration, and classroom buildings; as well as the development of a new pedestrian mall extending to Lake Mendota. The campus now includes 12 to 14-story buildings.[75]

text: Points of interest[edit]

text:
Alliant Energy Center / Veteran's Memorial Coliseum and Exhibition Hall
Camp Randall Stadium
Chazen Museum of Art
Madison Museum of Contemporary Art
Madison Children's Museum
Henry Vilas Zoo
The Kohl Center
Mifflin Street, home to the annual Mifflin Street Block Party
Monona Terrace Community and Convention Center designed by Frank Lloyd Wright
Memorial Union
Olbrich Botanical Gardens
Overture Center for the Arts
Gates of Heaven, the eighth-oldest surviving synagogue building in the U.S.
State Street
Williamson ("Willy") Street
Smart Studios, Butch Vig and Steve Marker's longtime studio where many notable alternative rock records of the 1990s and 2000s were recorded and/or produced
Unitarian Meeting House, another notable & tourable Frank Lloyd Wright structure, is adjacent to Madison city limits in suburban Shorewood Hills
University of Wisconsin–Madison
University of Wisconsin–Madison Arboretum
University of Wisconsin Field House
UW–Madison Geology Museum
Wisconsin Historical Society/Wisconsin Historical Museum
Wisconsin Veterans Museum
Wisconsin State Capitol
Lakeshore Nature Preserve, a campus-associated preserve which features notable long peninsula called Picnic Point

tag: ul

text: Nicknames[edit]

text: Over the years, Madison has acquired nicknames and slogans that include:

text:
Mad City[76][77]
Madtown[78][79]
The Berkeley of the Midwest[80]
77 square miles surrounded by reality[81]
Four Lakes City[82]
People's Republic of Madison[83]

text: Sports[edit]

text: Madison's reputation as a sports city exists largely because of the University of Wisconsin. In 2004 Sports Illustrated on Campus named Madison the #1 college sports town in the nation.[84] Scott Van Pelt also proclaimed Madison the best college sports town in America.[85]

text: The UW–Madison teams play their home-field sporting events in venues in and around Madison. The football team plays at Camp Randall Stadium. In 2005 a renovation added 72 luxury suites and increased the stadium's capacity to 80,321, although crowds of as many as 83,000 have attended games. The basketball and hockey teams play at the Kohl Center. Construction on the $76 million arena was completed in 1997. In 2006, the men's and women's Badger hockey teams won NCAA Division I championships, and the women repeated with a second consecutive national championship in 2007.[86] Some events are played at the county-owned Alliant Energy Center (formerly Dane County Memorial Coliseum) and the University-owned Wisconsin Field House.

text: Despite Madison's strong support for college sports, it has proven to be an inhospitable home for professional baseball. The Madison Muskies, a Class A, Midwest League affiliate of the Oakland A's, left town in 1993 after 11 seasons. The Madison Hatters, another Class A, Midwest League team, played in Madison for only the 1994 season. The Madison Black Wolf, an independent Northern League franchise lasted five seasons (1996–2000), before decamping for Lincoln, Nebraska. Madison is home to the Madison Mallards, a college wood-bat summer baseball league team in the Northwoods League. They play in Warner Park on the city's north side from June to August.

text: The now defunct Indoor Football League's Madison Mad Dogs were once located in the city. In 2009 indoor football returned to Madison as the Continental Indoor Football League's Wisconsin Wolfpack, who call the Alliant Energy Center home.[citation needed]

text: Madison was once home to the semi-pro Madison Mustangs football team who played at Warner Park and Camp Randall Stadium in the 1960s and 1970s. Madison is once again home to a Madison Mustangs semi-pro football team that is part of the Ironman Football League. Games are typically played on Saturday during the summer months, with the home field being Middleton High School. The Mustangs have the nation's longest active winning streak at 49 games, and have won 4 straight Ironman Football League championships.[citation needed]

text: The Wisconsin Wolves is a women's semi-pro football team based in Madison that plays in the IWFL Independent Women's Football League. The Wolves home field is located at Middleton High School.

text: The Blackhawk Ski Club, formed in 1947, provides ski jumping, cross country skiing and alpine skiing. The club's programs have produced several Olympic ski jumpers, two Olympic ski jumping coaches and one Olympic ski jumping director. The club had the first Nordic ski facility with lighted night jumping.[citation needed]

text: The Madison 56ers is a Madison amateur soccer team in the National Premier Soccer League. They play in Breese Stevens Field on East Washington Avenue.[87]

text: Madison has several active ultimate (sport) disc leagues organized through the nonprofit Madison Ultimate Frisbee Association.[88] In 2013, the Madison Radicals, a professional ultimate frisbee team, debuted in the city.[89]

text: Madison is home to the Wisconsin Rugby Club, the 1998 and 2013 USA Rugby Division II National Champions, and the Wisconsin Women's Rugby Football Club, the state's only Division I women's rugby team. The city also has men's and women's rugby clubs at UW–Madison, in addition to four high school boys' teams and one high school girls' team. The most recent addition to the Madison rugby community, Madison Minotaurs Rugby Club, is composed largely of gay players and is Wisconsin's first and only IGRAB team, but is open to any player with any experience level. All ten teams play within the Wisconsin Rugby Football Union, the Midwest Rugby Union and USA Rugby.

text: Nearly 100 women participate in the adult women's ice hockey teams based in Madison (Thunder, Lightning, Freeze, UW–B and C teams), which play in the Women's Central Hockey League. The Madison Gay Hockey Association is also in Madison.

text: The Madison Curling Club was founded in 1921.[90] Team Spatola of the Madison Curling Club won the 2014 Women's US National Championship. Team members are: Nina Spatola, Becca Hamilton, Tara Peterson, Sophie Brorson.[91]

text: Madison's Gaelic sports club offers a hurling team organized as The Hurling Club of Madison, and a Gaelic football club, with men's and women's teams. These are amateur teams with open membership.

text: The roller derby league, Mad Rollin' Dolls, was formed in Madison in 2004 and is a member of the Women's Flat Track Derby Association.[92]

text: Madison is home to several endurance sports racing events, such as the Crazylegs Classic, Paddle and Portage, the Mad City Marathon, and Ironman Wisconsin, which attracts over 45,000 spectators.[93]

text: In 2014, the Madison Capitols began play in the United States Hockey League. The Capitols play their home games at Veterans Memorial Coliseum at the Alliant Energy Center. NHL player and Wisconsin Badgers alumnus Ryan Suter is a member of the team's ownership group.

text: As of 2017, the Reebok CrossFit Games will be held at the Alliant Energy Center. After seven years at the StubHub Center in Carson, California, the Games will move to a new location for at least the next three years. CrossFit chose the multi-building entertainment venue, which encompasses 164 acres, after posting a national request for proposals. The Dane County campus will be home to the Reebok CrossFit Games in 2017, 2018 and 2019.[94]

text: Current teams[edit]

text:
Club
League
Sport
Venue
Founded
Titles

Wisconsin Badgers
Big Ten, NCAA Div.1
23 Varsity Teams
Camp Randall Stadium, Kohl Center
1849
27

Madison College Wolfpack
N4C, NJCAA Div.3
8 varsity teams
Redsten Gymnasium, Roberts Field
1912
21

Wisconsin Rugby Club
WRFU
Rugby
Wisconsin Rugby Club Sports Complex
1962
2

Edgewood Eagles
NACC, NCAA Div.3
16 varsity teams
Edgedome
1974
35

Madison Mallards
NL
Baseball
Warner Park
2001
2

Madison 56ers
PLA
Soccer
Breese Stevens Field
2005
0

Madison Minotaurs
WRFU
Rugby
Yahara Rugby Field
2007
0

Madison Radicals
AUDL
Ultimate
Breese Stevens Field
2013
0

Madison Capitols
USHL
Hockey
Alliant Energy Center
2014
0

Mad Rollin' Dolls
WFTDA
Roller derby
Alliant Energy Center
2004
0

text: Government[edit]

text: Madison has a mayor-council system of government. Madison's city council, known as the Common Council, consists of 20 members, one from each district. The mayor is elected in a citywide vote.

text: Madison is represented by Mark Pocan (D) in the United States House of Representatives, and by Ron Johnson (R) and Tammy Baldwin (D) in the United States Senate. Mark F. Miller (D) and Fred Risser (D) represent Madison in the Wisconsin State Senate, and Robb Kahl (D), Melissa Sargent (D), Chris Taylor (D), Terese Berceau (D), and Lisa Subeck (D) represent Madison in the Wisconsin State Assembly.

text: Emergency services[edit]

text: Madison Police Department[edit]

text: The Madison Police Department is the law enforcement agency in the city. It has been led by Chief Michael Koval since 2014.[95] The department has five districts: Central, East, North, South, and West, with a sixth "Midtown" District set to open in 2017.[96]

text: Special units[edit]

text:
K9 Unit
Crime Scene Unit
Forensic Unit
Narcotics and Gangs Task Force
Parking Enforcement
Traffic Enforcement Safety Team
S.W.A.T Team
Special Events Team
C.O.P.S (Safety Education)
Mounted Patrol
Crime Stoppers
Amigos en Azul

text: Controversy[edit]

text: The Madison Police Department was criticized for absolving Officer Steve Heimsness of any wrongdoing in the November 2012 shooting death of an unarmed man, Paul Heenan. The department's actions resulted in community protests, including demands that the shooting be examined and reviewed by an independent investigative body.[97] WisconsinWatch.org called into question the MPD's facts and findings, stating that the use of deadly force by Heimsness was unwarranted.[98] There were calls for an examination of the Madison Police Department's rules of engagement and due process for officers who use lethal force in the line of duty.

text: Community criticism of the department's practices resurfaced after MPD officer Matt Kenny shot Tony Robinson, an unarmed man. The shooting was particularly controversial given the context of the ongoing Black Lives Matter movement. Due to new Wisconsin state legislation[99] that addresses the mechanisms under which officer-on-civilian violence is handled by state prosecutors, proceedings were handed over to a special unit of the Wisconsin Department of Justice in Madison. On March 27, 2015, the state concluded its investigation and gave its findings to Ismael Ozanne, the district attorney of Dane County.[100] On May 12, 2015, the shooting was determined to be justified self-defense by Ozanne.[101]

text: Madison Fire Department[edit]

text: The Madison Fire Department (MFD) provides fire protection and emergency medical services to the city. The MFD operates out of 13 fire stations,[102] with a fleet of 11 engines, 5 ladders,[103] 2 rescue squads, 2 hazmat units,[104] a lake rescue team[105] and 8 ambulances.[106] The MFD also provides mutual aid to surrounding communities.[107][108][109]

text: Politics[edit]

text: City voters have supported the Democratic Party in national elections in the last half-century, and a liberal and progressive majority is generally elected to the city council. Detractors often refer to Madison as The People's Republic of Madison, the "Left Coast of Wisconsin" or as "77 square miles surrounded by reality." This latter phrase was coined by former Wisconsin Republican governor Lee S. Dreyfus, while campaigning in 1978, as recounted by campaign aide Bill Kraus.[110] In 2013, there was a motion in the city council to turn Dreyfus' insult into the official city "punchline," but it was voted down by the city council.[111]

text: The city's voters are generally much more liberal than voters in the rest of Wisconsin. For example, 76% of Madison voters voted against a 2006 state constitutional amendment to ban gay marriage,[112] even though the ban passed statewide with 59% of the vote.[113]

text: Current politics[edit]

text: Madison city politics remain dominated by activists of liberal and progressive ideologies. In 1992, a local third party, Progressive Dane, was founded. City policies supported in the Progressive Dane platform have included an inclusionary zoning ordinance, later abandoned by the mayor and a majority of the city council, and a city minimum wage. The party holds several seats on the Madison City Council and Dane County Board of Supervisors, and is aligned variously with the Democratic and Green parties.

text: In early 2011, Madison was the site for large protests against a bill proposed by Governor Scott Walker that abolished almost all collective bargaining for public worker unions.[114] The protests at the capitol ranged in size from 10,000 to over 100,000 people and lasted for several months.

text: Historical politics[edit]

text: In the 1960s and 1970s, the Madison counterculture was centered in the neighborhood of Mifflin and Bassett streets, referred to as "Miffland". The area contained many three-story apartments where students and counterculture youth lived, painted murals, and operated the co-operative grocery store, the Mifflin Street Co-op. Residents of the neighborhood often came into conflict with authorities, particularly during the administration of Republican mayor Bill Dyke. Dyke was viewed by students as a direct antagonist in efforts to protest the Vietnam War because of his efforts to suppress local protests. The annual Mifflin Street Block Party became a focal point for protest, although by the late 1970s it had become a mainstream community party.

text: During the late 1960s and early 1970s, thousands of students and other citizens took part in anti-Vietnam War marches and demonstrations, with more violent incidents drawing national attention to the city and UW campus. These include:

text:
the 1967 student protest of Dow Chemical Company, with 74 injured;
the 1969 strike to secure greater representation and rights for African-American students and faculty, which resulted in the involvement of the Wisconsin Army National Guard;
the 1970 fire that caused damage to the Army ROTC headquarters housed in the Old Red Gym, also known as the Armory; and
the 1970 late summer predawn ANFO bombing of the Army Mathematics Research Center in Sterling Hall, killing a postdoctoral researcher, Robert Fassnacht. (See Sterling Hall bombing)

text: These protests were the subject of the documentary The War at Home.[115] David Maraniss's book, They Marched into Sunlight, incorporated the 1967 Dow protests into a larger Vietnam War narrative. Tom Bates wrote the book Rads on the subject (ISBN 0-06-092428-4). Bates wrote that Dyke's attempt to suppress the annual Mifflin Street block party "would take three days, require hundreds of officers on overtime pay, and engulf the student community from the nearby Southeast Dorms to Langdon Street's fraternity row. Tear gas hung like heavy fog across the Isthmus." In the fracas, student activist Paul Soglin, then a city alderman, was arrested twice and taken to jail. Soglin was later elected mayor of Madison, serving from 1973 to 1979, 1989 to 1997, and is the current mayor, elected again in April 2011. During his middle term he led the construction of the Frank Lloyd Wright designed Monona Terrace.

text: Political groups and publications[edit]

text: Madison is home to the Freedom from Religion Foundation, a non-profit organization that promotes the separation of church and state. The largest national organization advocating for non-theists, FFRF is known for its lawsuits against religious displays on public property and for advocating removal of "In God We Trust" from American currency. The group publishes a monthly newspaper, Freethought Today.

text: Madison is associated with "Fighting Bob" La Follette and the Progressive movement. La Follette's magazine, The Progressive, founded in 1909, is still published in Madison.

text: Crime[edit]

text:
[show]Year
Homicides
Robbery
Burglary

1976[116]
6
114
2292

1977[117]
4
122
2440

1986[116]
3
211
1988

1996[116]
1
301
1389

1999[116]
6
265
1356

2000[117]
4
286
1267

2001[117]
6
295
1358

2002[117]
5
269
1570

2003[117]
6
282
1611

2004[117]
3
292
1467

2005[117]
3
330
1462

2006[117]
4
435
1627

2007[117]
8
410
2059

2008[117]
10
368
2038

2009[117]
4
364
1523

2010[118]
2
333
1652

2011[118]
7
272
1446

2012[119]
3
249
1594

2013[119]
5
301
1360

2014[120]
5
225
1126

2015[120]
6
222
1208

text: In 2008, Men's Health magazine ranked Madison as the "Least Armed and Dangerous" city in the United States in an article about "Where Men Are Targets".[121] There were 53 homicides reported by Madison Police from 2000 to 2009.[117] The highest total was 10 in 2008.[122] Police reported 28 murders from 2010 to 2015, with the highest year being 7 murders in 2011.[118][119][120]

text: Education[edit]

text: According to Forbes magazine, Madison ranks second in the nation in education.[123][124] The Madison Metropolitan School District serves the city and surrounding area. With an enrollment of approximately 25,000 students in 46 schools, it is the second largest school district in Wisconsin behind the Milwaukee School District.[125] The five public high schools are James Madison Memorial, Madison West, Madison East, La Follette, and Malcolm Shabazz City High School, an alternative school.

text: Among private church-related high schools are Abundant Life Christian School, Edgewood High School,[126] located near the Edgewood College campus, and St. Ambrose Academy, a Catholic school offering grades 6 through 12.[127] Madison Country Day School is a private high school with no religious affiliation.

text: The city is home to the University of Wisconsin–Madison, Edgewood College, Madison Area Technical College, and Madison Media Institute, giving the city a post-secondary student population of nearly 50,000. The University of Wisconsin accounts for the vast majority of students, with an enrollment of roughly 41,000, of whom 30,750 are undergraduates.[128] In a Forbes magazine city ranking from 2003, Madison had the highest number of Ph.D.s per capita, and third highest college graduates per capita, among cities in the United States.[129]

text: Additional degree programs are available through satellite campuses of Cardinal Stritch University, Concordia University-Wisconsin, Globe University, Lakeland College, the University of Phoenix, and Upper Iowa University. Madison also has a non-credit learning community with multiple programs and many private businesses also offering classes.

text: Media[edit]

text: Print[edit]

text: Madison is home to an extensive and varied number of print publications, reflecting the city's role as the state capital and its diverse political, cultural and academic population. The Wisconsin State Journal (weekday circulation: ~95,000; Sundays: ~155,000) is published in the mornings, while its sister publication, The Capital Times (Thursday supplement to the Journal) is published online daily, with two printed editions a week. Though jointly operated under the name Capital Newspapers, the Journal is owned by the national chain Lee Enterprises, and the Times is independently owned. Wisconsin State Journal is the descendant of the Wisconsin Express, a paper founded in the Wisconsin Territory in 1839. The Capital Times was founded in 1917 by William T. Evjue, a business manager for the State Journal who disagreed with that paper's editorial criticisms of Wisconsin Republican Senator Robert M. La Follette, Sr. for his opposition to U.S. entry into World War I.

text: The free weekly alternative newspaper Isthmus (weekly circulation: ~65,000) was founded in Madison in 1976. The Onion, a satirical weekly, was founded in Madison in 1988 and published from there until it moved to New York in 2001. Two student newspapers are published during the academic year, The Daily Cardinal (Mon-Fri circulation: ~10,000) and The Badger Herald (Mon-Fri circulation: ~16,000). Other specialty print publications focus on local music, politics and sports, including The Capital City Hues,[130][131][132] The Madison Times,[131][132] Madison Magazine, The Simpson Street Free Press, Umoja Magazine,[131][132][133][134] and fantasy sports web site RotoWire.com. Local community blogs include Althouse and dane101.

text: The Progressive, published in Madison, is a left-wing periodical that may be best known for the attempt of the U.S. government in 1979 to suppress one of its articles before publication. The magazine eventually prevailed in the landmark First Amendment case, United States v. The Progressive, Inc. During the 1970s, there were two radical weeklies published in Madison, known as TakeOver and Free for All, as well as a Madison edition of the Bugle-American underground newspaper.

text: Radio[edit]

text: Madison has three large media companies that own the majority of the commercial radio stations within the market. These companies consist of iHeartMedia, Entercom Communications, and Mid-West Family Broadcasting as well as other smaller broadcasters. Madison is home to Mid-West Family Broadcasting, which is an independently owned broadcasting company that originated and is headquartered in Madison. Mid-West family owns radio stations throughout the state and the Midwest.

text: Madison hosts two volunteer-operated and community-oriented radio stations, WORT and WSUM. WORT Community Radio (89.9 FM), founded in 1975, is one of the oldest volunteer-powered radio stations in the United States. A listener-sponsored community radio station, WORT offers locally produced diverse music and talk programming. WSUM (91.7 FM) is a free-form student radio station programmed and operated almost entirely by students.

text: Madison's Wisconsin Public Radio station, WHA, was one of the first radio stations in the nation to begin broadcasting,[135] and remains the longest continuously broadcasting station in the nation.[citation needed] Widely heard public radio programs that originate at the WPR studios include Michael Feldman's Whad'Ya Know?, Zorba Pastor On Your Health, To the Best of Our Knowledge and Calling All Pets.

text: WXJ-87 is the NOAA Weather Radio All Hazards station located on Madison's west side, with broadcasts originating from the National Weather Service in Sullivan, Wisconsin.

text: TV[edit]

text: Madison has five commercial and two public television stations. The commercial stations consist of WISC-TV "News 3" (CBS), WMTV-TV "NBC 15" (NBC), WKOW-TV "27 News" (ABC), WMSN-TV "FOX 47" (Fox), and WIFS "Wisconsin's 57" (independent). Madison has two public television stations: WHA-TV, which is owned by the University of Wisconsin–Extension, airs throughout the state, with the exception of Milwaukee, and Madison City Channel, which is owned and operated by the City of Madison covering city governmental affairs.

text: Infrastructure[edit]

text: Bicycling[edit]

text: In 2015 Madison was awarded platinum level Bicycle Friendly Community designation from the League of American Bicyclists, one of only five cities in the US to receive this (highest) level.[136]

text: Transportation[edit]

text: Madison is served by the Dane County Regional Airport, which serves nearly 1.6 million passengers annually. Most major general aviation operations take place at Morey Field in Middleton 15 miles (24 km) from Madison's city center. Madison Metro operates bus routes throughout the city and to some neighboring suburbs.[137] Madison has four taxicab companies (Union, Badger, Madison and Green), and several companies provide specialized transit for individuals with disabilities.

text: Railways[edit]

text: Passenger train service between Madison and Chicago, on the Sioux and the Varsity, provided by the Milwaukee Road, ended in 1971 with Amtrak absorbing passenger train services. Prior to 1960, the Sioux train offered service west to Rapid City, South Dakota. Until the 1950s the Chicago and North Western Railway operated passenger trains through the city. A high-speed rail route from Chicago through Milwaukee and Madison to Minneapolis/St. Paul, Minnesota, was proposed as part of the Midwest Regional Rail Initiative. Funding for the railway connecting Madison to Milwaukee was approved in January 2010, but Governor-elect Scott Walker's opposition to the project led the Federal Railroad Administration to retract the $810 million in funding and reallocate it to other projects.[138] The nearest passenger train station is in Columbus, Wisconsin, 28 miles (45 km) away to the northeast. There, the eastbound Empire Builder provides daily service to Milwaukee and Chicago, and the westbound Empire Builder provides daily service to Portland, Oregon and Seattle, Washington.

text: Railroad freight services are provided to Madison by Wisconsin and Southern Railroad (WSOR) and Canadian Pacific Railway (CP). Wisconsin & Southern has been operating since 1980, having taken over trackage owned since the 19th century by the Chicago and North Western and the Milwaukee Road.

text: The Transport 2020 project proposed a hybrid commuter rail-light rail transit line along one of the existing rail corridors from Middleton, Wisconsin to Reiner Road between Madison and Sun Prairie, Wisconsin, serving the University Avenue corridor, UW-Madison campus, the isthmus, and northeast Madison. In June 2008, the project submitted an application with the Federal Transit Administration to begin preliminary engineering for the project. However, in June 2011, authorizing legislation for regional transit authorities in Wisconsin was repealed and the application was withdrawn. The project is on hold.

text: Buses[edit]

text: In addition to public transportation, regional buses connect Madison to Milwaukee, Chicago, Minneapolis–Saint Paul, and many other communities. Badger Bus,[139] which connects Madison and Milwaukee, runs several trips daily. Greyhound Lines, a nationwide bus company, serves Madison on its Chicago, Milwaukee, and Minneapolis–Saint Paul route. Van Galder Bus Company, a subsidiary of Coach USA, provides transportation through Rockford to Chicago – stopping at Union Station, O'Hare Airport, and Midway Airport. Jefferson Lines provides transportation to Minneapolis–Saint Paul via La Crosse. Megabus provides limited stop service to Chicago and Minneapolis–Saint Paul. Lamers Bus Lines has once daily trips from Madison to Wausau, Dubuque, and Green Bay.

text: Highways[edit]

text: Interstates I-39 and I-90 intersect with I-94 at Madison, connecting the city to Milwaukee, Chicago, Janesville, Wisconsin, Rockford, Illinois, Minneapolis-St. Paul, and Wausau. U.S. Routes US-12, US-14, US-18, US-51 and US-151 connect the city with Dubuque, Iowa, the Wisconsin cities of La Crosse and Janesville, Fond du Lac and Manitowoc. The Beltline is a six-to-eight lane freeway on the south and west sides of Madison and is the main link from downtown to the southeast and western suburbs. Several carsharing services are available in Madison, including Community Car, a locally owned company, and U-Haul subsidiary Uhaul Car Share. Interstates 90 and 39 are currently being expanded to 6 lanes from the state line to Madison and 8 lanes in Janesville.

text: Utilities[edit]

text: In the mid-2000s Madison partnered with Merrimac Communications to develop and build Mad City Broadband, a wireless internet infrastructure for the city.[140] In early 2010 a grass-root effort to bring Google's new high-speed fiber Internet to Madison failed.[141]

text: Madison is served by Madison Gas and Electric and Alliant Energy, which provide electricity and natural gas service to the city.

text: Notable Madisonians[edit]

text: Sister cities[edit]

text:
Ainaro, East Timor, since 2001
 Arcatao, El Salvador
 Cuzco, Peru
 Camagüey, Cuba, since 1988
 Freiburg im Breisgau, Germany, since 1986
 Managua, Nicaragua, since 1987
 Mantua, Italy, since 2001
 Obihiro, Hokkaido, Japan, since 2006
 Goiânia, Brazil, since 1983
 Vilnius, Lithuania, since 1989
 Tepatitlan de Morelos, Jalisco, Mexico

text: Former sister cities include:

text:
Bắc Giang, Vietnam
 Oslo, Norway