document_title: Barney Stinson

question_text: what does barney work as in how i met your mother

text: Barney Stinson

text: Development[edit]

text: The show's creators envisioned Barney as what Bays later described as a "large, John Belushi-type character";[3] nonetheless, Megan Branman, the casting director for How I Met Your Mother, invited Harris to audition. He assumed that he was invited solely because the two were friends and did not believe he had a chance of winning the role. Harris later said: "Since I [considered] myself the long shot, I didn't care that much, and I think that allowed a freedom." His audition centered on a scene playing laser tag, and Harris attempted a dive roll, accidentally knocking over a chair and slamming into a wall in the process. CBS executives enjoyed his playing and soon offered Harris the part.[4] The character is named for a heroin dealer in the James Ellroy novel L.A. Confidential.[citation needed]

text: Character[edit]

text: Barney Stinson is one of five main characters on How I Met Your Mother. He is a manipulative, oversexed businessman in his thirties who always wears a suit, likes women with "daddy issues" and is frequently willing to offer his (sometimes hypocritical) opinion.[4] Throughout the earlier seasons, Barney is a huge womanizer, and has been described as a "high-functioning sociopath" by his best friend, Ted Mosby (Josh Radnor). Barney has a plethora of strategies and rules designed to meet women, sleep with them, and discard them.[4] Through several seasons of the show, four (4) of the main characters are couples, as Ted began dating Robin Scherbatsky (Cobie Smulders) and Ted's roommate Marshall Eriksen (Jason Segel) becomes engaged and later married to Lily Aldrin (Alyson Hannigan). This leaves Barney the only single character, and, according to Harris, Barney is "resentful" that the other characters have paired up. Later on, in season 5, he dates Robin. They end up breaking up not long after, once they both realize they are making one another miserable.

text: Harris describes Barney as a man who "likes to create crazy situations and then sit back and watch it all go down."[5] He is an opportunist who manipulates any situation so that it goes his way. He is also highly competitive, and will take on "challenges" to complete outlandish tasks in order to prove his worth. He is proud and stubborn, and attempts to stand by his word no matter what. In "I Heart NJ", for example, he refuses to put down his fist unless someone offers him a fist bump. By the end of the episode, he has the same fist elevated in a sling after struggling to keep his fist up throughout the episode. In "Lucky Penny", when the others do not believe that he can run the New York City Marathon the next day without training, Barney immediately agrees to do so. Although he succeeds, he is unable to walk afterwards. Although he thinks of himself as worldly, Barney is sometimes extremely naive, believing many lies his mother told him well into adulthood, such as believing that Bob Barker is his father.

text: Barney, like Harris himself, is an illusionist. His favorite types of magic tricks involve fire, as seen in the tenth episode of the second season, "Single Stamina" and in the fourth episode of the fourth season, "Intervention". Barney uses magic tricks mostly to pick up women. His most common method of picking up women is telling them elaborate lies about himself, often using an alias. Many of his schemes for picking up women are in a book he has written called "The Playbook", which is exposed in the episode "The Playbook". He has commitment issues, as evidenced in his reluctance to put a label on his relationship with Robin and the fact that she is one of the few women he has actually dated since the show started.

text: Barney is very well-connected and is the most affluent member of the group. He frequently buys expensive items—such as a last-minute plane ticket to San Francisco, thousands of dollars in postage stamps, or two televisions specifically for smashing in frustration—in the spur of the moment. He is also something of a metrosexual; he waxes his chest, enjoys manicures and has an extensive knowledge of designer labels and gourmet food. However, he is also seen to have a gambling problem that he occasionally gets under control, only to relapse as seen in several episodes such as "Atlantic City", where he has gambling buddies in the Chinese Triad, and "Monday Night Football".

text: Although The Early Show described him as "Utterly devoid of morality", Barney lives by the "Bro Code", his own code of ethics.[6] Despite his overall questionable character, according to creator Craig Thomas, Barney is "a pretty fragile character who's really afraid of being alone. He just wants people to like him, to be important to people, and to have disciples who follow his word."[7] He has displayed a softer, kinder side on several occasions, however, such as preventing Marshall from sleeping with other women when he and Lily break up, and persuading Lily to come back to Marshall.

text: In "The Slutty Pumpkin Returns", Barney finds out he is one quarter Canadian, much to his horror and embarrassment.

text: Throughout the series, one major character development is apparent in Barney: At the beginning of the show, his character is a womanizer who completely objectifies sex and women and wants nothing to do with dating and relationships. Although he does date Robin in Season 5, he resumes his promiscuous lifestyle immediately after they break up. In Seasons 6 and 7, however, he begins to confront his personal issues, like his relationship with his estranged father and his fear of commitment. By the time late Season 7 rolls around, Barney has finally "grown up," and has now warmed to the idea of a commitment and marriage, culminating in his proposal to his girlfriend, Quinn. Although he briefly retreats to his escapades after he and Quinn break up, he does make one major final leap in his maturity when he burns The Playbook and proposes to Robin in Season 8's two-part episode "The Final Page," after finally admitting to himself that he is still in love with her. Robin accepts and they plan their wedding in the second half of the season.

text: The final season revolves around Barney and Robin's wedding weekend. After some apprehension on both their parts, they get married in "The End of the Aisle" after he vows to always be honest with her. The series finale, "Last Forever", reveals that, three years after their wedding, they get divorced because Robin's hectic travel schedule prevents them from spending any time together. Barney returns to a lifestyle of meaningless sex with multiple women for several years afterward, until he gets one of his one-night stands pregnant. He hates the idea of being a father until the day his child – a girl named Ellie – is born. He falls in love with her at first sight and becomes a devoted father, turning away from his player lifestyle for good.

text: Childhood and family[edit]

text: A few references have been offered to identify Barney's Birthday: In "Natural History", Barney claims he was six years old on July 23, 1981. This puts his birthday somewhere between July 24, 1974 and July 23, 1975; in "Zoo or False", Ted says Barney was born seven years after the moon landing (which occurred in July 1969), In "Columns" set in 2007, Barney gives his age as 31 further confirming his birth year is 1976. In "The Drunk Train" Marshall states Barney is a Scorpio which places his birthday between October 23 - November 21, 1976.

text: He was raised in Port Richmond, Staten Island by his mother Loretta (younger version voiced by Megan Mullally, played by Frances Conroy), who was apparently very promiscuous.[4] His father proved to be an ongoing mystery in the series. When Barney was young, he asked his mother who his father was, and as The Price Is Right happened to be on TV at the time, she pointed to Bob Barker and replied, "Oh, I don't know. That guy." Barney believed the lie wholeheartedly. Years later, as portrayed in the season 2 episode "Showdown", he appears on The Price Is Right with the intention of naming Barker as his father on national television, until he panics at the last minute and cannot go through with it. As a child, Barney was terrible at sports, and from various episodes it is shown he had few friends (one scene shows that no one attended his birthday party). In the episode "The Leap," Lily reveals that Barney planned on being a violinist when he was young.

text: In "Natural History", Barney finds out that a man named Jerome Whittaker, whom Barney believed to be his uncle, signed a form claiming to be Barney's father. Barney finally meets Jerome (John Lithgow) again in the episode "Legendaddy" and learns that he is in fact his father. Upon meeting, Jerome feels pressured to act like the hard-partying womanizer he once was in order to impress Barney, and also because Barney refuses to see him any other way. Barney eventually breaks down and accuses Jerome of walking out on him. Jerome, who can offer no excuse, apologizes and pleads with Barney to allow him to be a part of his life. Later in the sixth season, in "Hopeless", Jerome tries to impress Barney by acting like his old self, but later reveals he was just pretending. Barney, nevertheless, willingly listens to advice from Jerome about settling down. Barney also learns of his Canadian heritage, when he finds out that Jerome's mother was born in Manitoba.

text: Barney has three half-siblings: James (played by Wayne Brady), from his mother's side, a gay African American who is married to a man, with whom he has an adopted son and daughter (as revealed in the season seven episode "The Rebound Girl"); Carly (played by Ashley Benson), a university student from his father's side with whom Ted has a one-night stand in "Ring Up!", and Jerome Jr. (JJ), from his father's side, who is 11. He also has a female cousin named Leslie, with whom he accidentally grinds in a nightclub, as seen in the episode "Okay Awesome".

text: Education[edit]

text: Throughout the series Barney has claimed to have attended MIT; In the final season, Barney explains that MIT is an acronym for the Magicians Institute of Teaneck, not the Massachusetts Institute of Technology. He has worn a Cornell Big Red T-shirt,[8] indicating that he may have gone there, instead. As evidenced in Season 2 "Atlantic City", Barney learned at least conversational Korean, Chinese at some point, as well as some French. His musical skills include playing the drums, dancing the tango and singing. He is also skilled at juggling and laser tag.

text: Adult life prior to 2005 ("Pilot")[edit]

text: "Game Night" reveals that Barney had once been an innocent, idealistic young man who wanted to join the Peace Corps with his first serious girlfriend, Shannon. When she left him for a suit-wearing womanizer, James arranged for the 23-year-old Barney to lose his virginity to their mother's friend, Rhonda "the Man Maker" French.[9] After he slept with Rhonda and was led to believe he satisfied her, he became a similarly suit-wearing womanizer, even going so far as to adopt some of his rival's catchphrases. He lives by a strict code known as the Bro Code.[10][better source needed]

text: Barney is also revealed to have had a gambling problem, enabled by his mother, who is a bookmaker. However, he assures the group that it is not a problem because he is so good at it. He revealed in "Atlantic City" that he lost his entire life savings playing a Chinese game. He has also apparently lost every one of his many bets on the Super Bowl. He will go to any lengths to win a bet, even if it takes one year for just $10.[11]

text: In the series (2005–2014)[edit]

text: While Barney's softer, generous side is not often apparent,[7] it is not always relegated to flashbacks. When Marshall and Lily break their engagement in season one, Barney lures women away from Marshall so that he can remain faithful to the woman he truly loves.[5] It is revealed that it was Barney who convinced Lily to come back to New York, even buying her a plane ticket home. Barney's relationship with women evolves throughout the series; in the later seasons, he begins to desire a more conventional relationship, as evidenced by his subsequent proposals to both Quinn Garvey and Robin Scherbatsky. He is also known to write a blog.[12] In an allusion to Harris' role in Doogie Howser, M.D., the music played during his blogging sessions is the theme song from the show.

text: Career[edit]

text: Throughout the series, Barney frequently refuses to say what he does for a living, brushing off any questions about his job with a dismissive "Please."

text: Barney is apparently quite wealthy, and is undeniably the richest out of the five. He lives in an upscale apartment and is rich enough to own two 300 inch televisions shipped from Japan as well as expensive memorabilia, including an Imperial Stormtrooper costume from the Star Wars films.[13] Barney is also shown to be a fan of the rock groups AC/DC, Van Halen and Bon Jovi.

text: In his blog, he writes that he is the Director of WHO DID THIS.[14] The company he works for, Altrucell,[15] advertises itself as the world's largest producer of the felt covers of tennis balls; however, Future Ted implies that the company's main profits come from other, less innocent sources, such as logging, oil drilling, small arms, tobacco farming and missile construction. Barney states in "Cupcake" that, as a lawyer for Altrucell, Marshall would make more money in three months than he and Lily make in a year because his company has so many lawsuits against it.[6] In the season 3 episode "The Bracket," he says that he is good enough at lying to avoid perjury charges. As of Season 4, his company is involved in a hostile takeover of Goliath National Bank (GNB) and consequently shifts him to the management team of the bank, but he remains a powerful executive and continues to use the same office he has had since it was first shown in Season 1. Despite this, he has suggested there is the possibility he will one day wash up on shore with no teeth or fingerprints and supposedly has come under attack by ninjas in the past during work. In Season 4, during the episode "Happily Ever After", Barney states to a woman that he is an "Attorney in Law", though this was probably just part of a pick-up line as he immediately followed it with "Let's talk about getting you off". His video resume was published in Season 4 episode "The Possimpible".[16] In a season 8 episode, it was implied that the full extent of Barney's career might never be revealed.

text: In the Season 9 episode "Unpause", he drunkenly reveals that his job is to "Provide Legal Exculpation And Sign Everything" (P.L.E.A.S.E.), setting him up to be the fall guy for his company's nefarious activities. Unknown to his company, he has been conspiring with the federal government as part of a long-term plan to get revenge on his boss, who stole his girlfriend prior to the start of the series.

text: Friends[edit]

text: Ted Mosby[edit]

text: Ted is Barney's self-proclaimed best friend and "wing man". They meet in 2001 at MacLaren's, and Barney takes it upon himself to "teach Ted how to live". While Ted is often annoyed by Barney's antics, he considers him a good friend, and in "Miracles," says that Barney is like a brother to him. Their friendship has been tested, however; in "The Goat", Ted finds out that Barney and Robin slept together and ends their friendship, and refuses to speak to him for several episodes. In the third-season finale, "Miracles", however, Ted forgives Barney after Barney severely injures himself while trying to help him. They remain an important part of each other's lives for the rest of the series, with Barney comforting Ted after he is left at the altar in "Shelter Island" and Ted teaching Barney how to be a good boyfriend to Robin in "Robin 101" . Ted is the best man at Barney's wedding, and, along with the other main characters, is present for the birth of his child.[17]

text: Marshall Eriksen[edit]

text: Barney meets Marshall around the same time as Ted, and takes it upon himself to give Marshall unwanted advice on picking up women. While Marshall makes fun of Barney's promiscuity and ethical lapses, however, Barney has helped him many times throughout the series. For example, Barney gets him an internship at Altrucell in "Life Among the Gorillas", keeps him from sleeping with other women in "The Scorpion and the Toad", persuades Lily to come back to him in "Bachelor Party", and gets him a job at Goliath National Bank in "The Best Burger in New York". Barney is "co-best man" with Ted at Marshall's wedding. Along with the other main characters, Marshall is present for the birth of Barney's daughter. In the episode "Slap Bet", Barney loses a bet with Marshall and agrees to let Marshall slap him five times at random occasions "throughout eternity". This is later extended to eight slaps in the episode "Disaster Averted". Marshall administers these slaps in the episodes "Slap Bet", "Stuff", "Slapsgiving", "Slapsgiving 2: Revenge of the Slap", "Slapsgiving 3: Slappointment in Slapmarra", and "The End of the Aisle".

text: Lily Aldrin[edit]

text: Barney makes many unwelcome sexual advances toward Lily throughout the series, and frequently implies that Lily is secretly attracted to him, despite all evidence to the contrary. Nevertheless, he considers Lily a confidante, seeking her advice on winning Robin over and telling her deeply personal secrets, such as his failed ambition to be a concert violinist. He also admires her skill at lying and manipulating people, considering it to be on par with his own. While Lily calls Barney "the world's biggest pervert" and a "womanizing creep", she also considers him one of her best friends. Along with the other main characters, Lily is present for the birth of Barney's daughter.[17]

text: Robin Scherbatsky[edit]

text: Barney and Robin start out as friends, but he falls in love with her after they impulsively sleep together in "Sandcastles in the Sand". Throughout Season 4, he struggles with his feelings for her, until they finally get together in the season finale "The Leap". They become a full-fledged couple in season 5, but they break up in "The Rough Patch" when they find that they are making each other miserable. They never truly get over each other, however, even while they are dating other people. In the eighth season, he launches an elaborate plan to win Robin's heart (encouraged by Ted's future wife) that ends with Barney proposing to her. She accepts, and they get engaged. The final season revolves around their wedding weekend. After much doubt and soul-searching, they get married in "The End of the Aisle". The series finale, "Last Forever", reveals that, after three years of marriage, they get divorced because Robin's work schedule prevents them from spending any time together. They do not see each other again for several years, until Ted's wedding.[17]

text: Romantic relationships[edit]

text: Robin Scherbatsky[edit]

text: Others[edit]

text: Barney has two other serious girlfriends throughout the series: Nora (Nazanin Boniadi), on whom he cheats with Robin; and Quinn (Becki Newton), a stripper to whom he proposes, but with whom he breaks up upon realizing that they don't trust each other.

text: Appearances outside How I Met Your Mother[edit]

text: In 2008, the book The Bro Code, ostensibly written by Barney, was published. Three other books ostensibly written by Barney, Bro on the Go (2009), The Playbook (2010), and Bro Code for Parents: What to Expect When You're Awesome (2012), were also published.

text: In 2010, Barney was featured in a Super Bowl commercial that showed him in the stands at the Super Bowl with a sign stating "Hey Ladies Call Barney Stinson 1-877-987-6401." A recorded message by Neil Patrick Harris was played if the number was dialed.[18]

text: Catchphrases[edit]

text: In the show's pilot, Barney first utters the phrase, "Suit up!", as he tells others to dress like him to go out. The phrase "Suit up!" came from an ad for a suit sale in a later episode about his past with Shannon. According to creator Thomas, this is a sign that Barney "thought of his suit as some kind of superhero outfit that separated him from the pack."[7] The phrase is repeated in many episodes, and is often modified to fit whatever clothing Barney is wearing, such as "Flight suit up", "Snow suit up", and even "Birthday suit up". He also uses the word "awesome" to describe anything that he finds remotely pleasing, and invents different kinds of "high-fives" for every occasion. However, Barney's arguably most famous catch phrase is "Legendary!" which he uses to describe anything and everything fun and exciting (In fact, Ted says that he over-uses it). When saying something is legendary, he typically says "it's going to be Legen... wait for it... dary! Legendary!" He also says "wait for it" quite often. And also he often uses the word "Nice" to express when he glad in something or someone.

text: In the show Barney frequently approaches attractive women with Ted in tow and asks "Haaaaaave you met Ted?" as a way to start a conversation with strangers. Thomas says that this phrase is based in real life, as a one-time friend of his often used a similar line to meet women.[7] He is also prone to saying "Daddy's Home" as either a chat-up line or for grand entrances, and "True Story" as an ending to stories or theories that are generally erroneous.

text: Barney often uses the phrase "Challenge accepted" when someone mentions an outlandish task that supposedly cannot be done; he takes this as a personal challenge and attempts, usually successfully, to perform the task.

text: Reception[edit]

text: According to The Early Show, Barney is one of the main reasons that the show has been a success.[6] Maclean's stated that Barney is the show's most popular character and explains that the most likeable characters are often those with the best catchphrases.[7] In 2006, TV Land named Barney's "Suit Up" one of the 100 Best Catchphrases. Barney's signature phrase is one of only four from contemporary television shows, as writers are now less likely to have a character repeat a phrase in many episodes.[7] In June 2010, Entertainment Weekly named him one of the 100 Greatest Characters of the Last 20 Years.[19] Paste included him in their list of the 20 Best Characters of 2011, ranking him No. 4.[20]

text: From 2007–10, Harris was nominated for a Primetime Emmy for Outstanding Supporting Actor in a Comedy Series for his work playing Barney.[21] In 2008, Fireside published The Bro Code. Ostensibly written by Stinson, although actually penned by Matt Kuhn, a writer for the show, the book reveals the code by which the character supposedly lives his life (though he has been shown disregarding and/or violating a large portion of the articles in the book).[22] Oxford Dictionaries recognized Stinson as "the quintessence of a certain iteration of the contemporary bro" and noted how his language uses the word liberally.[23]


document_title: Day of the Dead (1985 film)

question_text: who played bub in day of the dead

question_tokens: who played bub in day of the dead

root

text: Day of the Dead (1985 film)

text: Plot[edit]

text: Cannibalistic zombies have overrun the entire world. The remaining fragments of the U.S. government and military hide out in fortified military bases and colonies, attempting to find a solution to the zombie pandemic. Dr. Sarah Bowman (Lori Cardille), her boyfriend Private Miguel Salazar (Anthony Dileo Jr.), radio operator Bill McDermott (Jarlath Conroy), and helicopter pilot John (Terry Alexander) fly from their underground base to Fort Myers, Florida, in an attempt to locate additional survivors. They encounter a large horde of the undead, and return to their army base in the Everglades, where a small group of scientists, supported by a skeleton crew of soldiers, is searching for a way to cope with the zombie problem.

tag: p

text: Dr. Logan (Richard Liberty), the lead scientist—also known as "Frankenstein" due to his grisly surgical dissections of zombies—believes that the zombies can be trained to become docile, and accordingly has amassed a collection of test subjects, which are kept in a large underground corral in the compound, in spite of the objections of Captain Rhodes (Joseph Pilato). The tension between soldiers and scientists worsens in the face of dwindling supplies, loss of communication with other survivors, and slow progress in research.

text: During a meeting between the scientists and the soldiers, Rhodes announces that, following the death of the previous base commander Major Cooper, he is taking command of the base, that the scientists henceforth will work under his orders, and that anyone who objects will instantly be killed. Dr. Logan hopes to secure Rhodes' cooperation by showing him the results of his research. He is especially proud of "Bub", a docile zombie who remembers some parts of his past life and engages in rudimentary human behavior: listening to music, aiming a pistol, and saluting Captain Rhodes. "Civility must be rewarded," Logan says. "If it's not rewarded, there's no use for it." Rhodes is not impressed.

text: During a zombie roundup mission, two of the soldiers, Miller and Johnson, are killed after a zombie escapes its harness, whereupon Miguel attempts to kill the creature, but is bitten on the arm. Sarah amputates the arm and cauterizes it to stop the spreading infection. Rhodes then calls off the experiments and demands that all captive zombies be destroyed. Sarah and Bill later discover a crude form of Dr. Logan's experimentation involving the bodies of Miller and Johnson and an audio tape in which a crazed Logan talks to his "Father" and "Mother"; horrified, both Sarah and Bill plan to leave in the helicopter immediately before someone else does.

text: Conditions worsen further when Rhodes finds out that Logan has been feeding the flesh of his dead soldiers to Bub as a reward for his docility and positive behavior. Enraged, Rhodes kills Logan and his assistant Dr. Fisher. He then locks Sarah and Bill inside the zombie corral and attempts to force John to fly him and his men away from the base, which John refuses to do.

text: Bub manages to escape from his chain and finds Dr. Logan's corpse. In a display of human emotion, he expresses sadness and then becomes enraged. He finds a pistol discarded on the floor and goes in search of revenge. Meanwhile, Miguel, who has become suicidal, opens the gates to the compound, allowing the horde of zombies lurking outside to enter onto the elevator, devouring him. While Miguel is doing this, John overcomes his captors, knocking both Rhodes and Torrez out before stealing their weapons and going into the zombie corral to rescue Sarah and Bill. The zombies rapidly enter the complex; Pvt. Rickles and Pvt. Torrez are torn apart by the horde while Pvt. Steel attempts to shoot Bub through a covered window, but gets bitten on the neck by another zombie. Refusing to be eaten alive or succumb to the infection, he commits suicide by shooting himself. Rhodes attempts to escape, but is chased and shot several times by a gun-toting Bub. Rhodes is chased into a horde of zombies and Bub mocks Rhodes with a salute and departs, as Rhodes is violently torn apart into pieces by the zombies, killing him.

text: John reunites with Sarah and McDermott inside the zombie corral. They escape together to the surface, board the helicopter, and fly to a safely deserted island on which they will spend the rest of their lives. The film ends with Sarah crossing off a day on her calendar.

text: Cast[edit]

text:
Lori Cardille as Dr. Sarah Bowman
Joseph Pilato as Captain Henry Rhodes
Terry Alexander as John
Jarlath Conroy as William "Bill" McDermott
Anthony Dileo Jr. as Pvt. Miguel Salazar
Richard Liberty as Dr. Matthew "Frankenstein" Logan
Sherman Howard as Bub the Zombie (credited as "Howard Sherman")
John Amplas as Dr. Ted Fisher, Technician
Gary Howard Klar as Pvt. Walter Steel, Rhodes' 2nd In Command
Ralph Marrero as Pvt. Robert Rickles, Steel's Sidekick
Phillip G. Kellams as Pvt. Miller, Rhodes' Men
Taso N. Stavrakis as Pvt. Juan Torrez, Rhodes' Men/Knock-on-wood Zombie/Biker Zombie
Gregory Nicotero as Pvt. Johnson, Rhodes' Men
Sputzy Sparacino as The Balladeer (voice) (uncredited)
Delilah as The 2nd Balladeer (voice) (uncredited)
Buddy Hall as The Balladeers' Lead Guitarist (voice) (uncredited)
Tommy Bellin as The Balladeers' Bassist (voice) (uncredited)
Talmadge Pearsall as The Balladeers' Keyboardist (voice) (uncredited)
Jim Blazer as The Balladeers' Co-Keyboardist (voice) (uncredited)

tag: ul

text: Production[edit]

text: Development[edit]

text: Romero originally intended the film to be "the Gone with the Wind of zombie films".[5] Following budget disputes and the artistic need to release the film unrated, the budget of the film was cut in half, dropping from $7 million to a scant $3.5 million.[5] This forced Romero to scale back his story, rewriting the script and adjusting his original vision to fit the smaller budget.

text: A total of five scripts were written as Romero wrestled with the film's concepts and the budgetary constraints. The first draft was over 200 pages, which he later condensed to 122 pages. This is the true original script, and to date copies of it have not come to light. This version was likely rejected because UFDC felt it was too expensive for them to produce even with an R rating. Romero subsequently scaled down the scope of this script into a 165-page draft (often erroneously referred to as the original version), then condensed it again to a 104-page draft labeled the 'second version, second draft' in an unsuccessful final attempt to get the story within budget parameters. When this failed, he drastically altered the original story concept and ultimately produced a shooting draft that numbered only 88 pages.

text: Filming took place in the fall of 1984 at locations in Pennsylvania and Florida. All above-ground scenes were filmed at several locations around Florida, where Romero was living at the time. The opening scene was filmed in Fort Myers, Florida.[6] The fenced in compound with the helicopter landing pad was shot at a location called Bowman's Beach Helistop in Sanibel. Underground scenes were filmed in a former mine shaft located near Wampum, Pennsylvania, converted into a long-term storage facility for important documents. Though the mine maintained a constant temperature of about 50 degrees Fahrenheit, its high humidity played havoc with the crew's equipment and props. Mechanical and electrical failures were a constant problem throughout filming, and caused several of special effects leader Tom Savini's props to fail during the filming. Despite these failures, Savini was nominated and won the 1985 Saturn Award for best makeup effects. The remote location also complicated the transportation of crew members and equipment. Cast and crew would often sleep in the mine overnight to avoid the time-consuming travel to and from the shooting location. "Zombie" extras were recruited from among the citizens of Pittsburgh, with preference given to those who had worked on previous Romero films. Extras were paid $1.00 for their services, and given a hat that read "I was a Zombie in Day of the Dead".

text: The film was given a very limited release.[5] This is chronicled in the documentary "The Many Days of Day of the Dead" on the two-disc Anchor Bay special edition DVD of the film.[5] Some of the original concepts and characters remain, but the film differs greatly from Romero's original script,[7] as stated by actress Lori Cardille:

text: He could've made me this sexy little twit bouncing around with a gun:- much more the sexual element. But he made her intelligent and strong. In fact, whenever I would try and make her a little more emotional, he would not allow me to do that.[5]

text: Casting[edit]

text: Joseph Pilato was cast as Rhodes, the film's antagonist. As stated by Pilato "He pretty much just gave it to me. I don't know if he auditioned other people, but it was very quick. I came in and it was like, "You got it!."[8] Pilato had acted in two prior films directed by Romero, the first being Pilato's debut Dawn of the Dead and the second being Knightriders, in between those films he played his first lead role in a film entitled Effects.[8] In an interview Pilato was asked if Romero "had him in mind", Pilato stated that one of the reasons why he got the role was because of the budget being scaled down from 7 to 3.5 million.[8]

text: Release and reception[edit]

text: Subsequent to its theatrical release, the film has grossed over 30 million dollars worldwide.[9] Day of the Dead would earn most of its gross revenue when the film was released internationally on VHS format, and later DVD and Blu-ray. This is in contrast to the film's poor box-office reception when it was released in cinemas.[10]

text: Based on 34 reviews collected retrospectively by Rotten Tomatoes, Day of the Dead had a high approval rating, with 28 critics rating it positive and only 6 rating it negative. As of December 2013 it has received an 82% approval rating.[11] That rating is the lowest of the initial 3 films in Romero's Dead series[12][13] with Night of the Living Dead having a 96% approval rating and Dawn of the Dead with a 92% approval rating.[12][13]

text: Day of the Dead had its world premiere on June 30, 1985,[1] and was given a limited release on July 3, 1985. The film saw its wide release on July 19, 1985.[14] It opened to mixed reviews, with some critics complaining that the film was too dark, depressing, and slow. Roger Ebert, who reacted favorably to other films of Romero's Dead Series,[15][16][17] gave Day of the Dead one and a half stars; he praised the special effects but was put off by what he referred to as "over-acting" in the movie, specifically that all of the actors screamed at each other for the entire film in a way that was not present in Romero's earlier films.[18] BBC reviewer Almar Haflidason stated "It benefits from a far larger budget than its predecessors, but suffers from a story as malnourished as the zombies that are chewing it up," Haflidason would go on to give the film three out of five stars.[19] As noted by the New York Times reviewer Janet Maslin "Yes, there are enough spilled guts and severed limbs to satisfy the bloodthirstiest fan. But these moments tend to be clustered together, and a lot of the film is devoted to windy argument."[20] Allmovie reviewer Keith Phipps stated that: "The last, to date at least, of George Romero's living dead films is in many respects the least interesting, although it's not for a lack of ambition."[21] Variety wrote that the film was the most unsatisfying of the original three films and that "The acting here is generally unimpressive and in the case of Sarah's romantic partner, Miguel (Antone DiLeo Jr), unintentionally risible."[22]

text: Day of the Dead would peak at 23 on the Billboard chart Top VHS Sales in 1986 a year after its initial release.[23]

text: The film grossed $5.8 million domestically.[5] It fared much better internationally, grossing $28.2 million outside of the United States.[9] Day of the Dead's total gross is a little over $34 million.[9] The film is also noted for its special effects work, notably Tom Savini's make-up, he was honored with his second Saturn Award in 1985 for Best Make-Up, the first time being with Dawn of the Dead in 1980.[24] Romero himself cites Day of the Dead as his personal favorite of his original trilogy of zombie films.[25] On May 9, 2012, the film headlined the 12 Hour Film Festival Hudson Horror Show V.[26]

text: Home video[edit]

text: The film was released on DVD on November 24, 1998 in the United States and on March 5, 2001 in the United Kingdom.[19][27] Both the theatrical and an unrated director's cut were released as a special editions containing identical bonus features, the DVD was released in the United Kingdom in a region 2 DVD.[19] The Blu-ray version of Day of the Dead was released October 2, 2007.[28] This edition includes many special features, including two audio commentary tracks with writer-director George A. Romero, Tom Savini, production designer Cletus Anderson, and lead actress Lori Cardille.[28] There is also a second commentary with fellow filmmaker and self-proclaimed Romero fan, Roger Avary.[28] It also includes two documentaries, the first one is entitled The Many Days of 'Day of the Dead', which focuses on the original script and the budget, it also included information about shooting in the Gateway Commerce Center.[28] What is also mentioned is the casting details. The second documentary entitled Day of the Dead: Behind the Scenes, focuses mostly on make-up effects.[28] On March 29, 2010 Arrow Video released a 25th Anniversary Edition on Blu-ray exclusive to the UK.[29]

text: Shout Factory! released the film under its Scream Factory label on September 17, 2013. The release is Collector's Edition Blu-ray/DVD Combo Pack with all-new artwork and special features.

text: Popular culture[edit]

text: Near the end of the film version of Resident Evil, the protagonist Alice walks outside of her quarantine into a ravaged city street jammed with traffic. The camera pans past a newspaper blowing in the wind stating "The Dead Walk!", a direct homage to George Romero's work on Day of the Dead. Another homage is one episode of Stroker & Hoop featured the characters battling zombies using guns made by Double-Wide. They turn out to fire only sunlight, which he claims is because of zombies' vulnerability to sunlight, hinted at by the film being called Night of the Dead and not Day of the Dead. Coroner Rick yells at him "That was the sequel!"

text: The song "M1 A1", from the self-titled 2001 Gorillaz album samples the pulsing synthesizers and cries of "Hello! Is anyone there?" from the opening of the film.[30] The song "Hip Albatross", also by Gorillaz, features a clip of Terry Alexander's dialogue.[31] Furthermore, the artwork for the song "November has Come" off of the Gorillaz' 2005 album Demon Days has a picture of a calendar pinned to a brick wall set to the month of October with all the dates marked off in red Xs (reminiscent of the opening scene in Day of the Dead).[30]

text: The song "Battlefield", from the This Is My Battlefield 2004 Panzer AG album samples Captain Rhodes asking Sarah in reference to Miguel's zombie bite: "You think he wants to walk around after he's dead? You think he wants to be one of these things?" The line "Sit down or so help me god I'll have you shot" appears once near the end of the song.

text: The band Through the Eyes of the Dead sampled a clip at the beginning of the song "Between the Gardens that Bathe in Blood", released on the Scars of Ages EP.

text: The Ministry song "Burning Inside" (from the album The Mind Is a Terrible Thing To Taste) features an audio sample of the military station's warning horn and a few notes of composer John Harrison's synthesized score.

text: The song "Confessions of a Knife (theme part 2)," from the 1990 album Confessions of a Knife... by My Life With The Thrill Kill Kult samples dialogue between Sarah and Captain Rhodes: Captain Rhodes: "I'll have you shot." Sarah: "Are you out of your mind?" Captain Rhodes: "No, ma'am. Are you?" Along with dialogue from private Steele and laughter from private Rickles that repeats later throughout the song. Steele: "Bang! You're dead!" followed by Rickles' laughter.

text: The song "The Only Good God Is a Dead God," from the 1992 album Psychological Warfare Technology Systems by Terror Against Terror, samples Captain Rhodes' final screams "Choke on them... choke on them," with the sounds of the zombies eating him.

text: American punk band the Misfits recorded a song about the film entitled "Day of the Dead" for their 1997 album American Psycho.

text: Bub the Zombie makes a cameo appearance in The Walking Dead season 4 episode "Us", as one of the walkers encountered by the characters Glenn and Tara in a railroad tunnel, an homage to not only the character but also to the underground setting of "Day of the Dead". In the same season, a zombie rolls out of bed and has its guts fall out, resembling a scene from the movie.

text: Seattle-based musical duo Little Black Bottles composed "Letter to Miguel", a tribute song to character Miguel Salazar, for their album Let Them Eat Red Velvet Cake.

text: Soundtrack[edit]

text:
Day of the Dead

Soundtrack album by John Harrison

Released
1985
2002

Recorded
1984-1985

Genre
Rock, film score

tag: table

text: The soundtrack was released on LP and cassette in the same year as the film (1985) by Saturn Records; it contained 6 tracks, all of which was composed and performed by John Harrison.[32] The vocals came from Sputzy Sparacino who was the lead singer of Modern Man and Gospel Singer, Delilah on the tracks "If Tomorrow Comes" and "The World Inside Your Eyes".[32] The album was re-issued in 2002 by Numenorean Records as a limited edition CD. The new edition was limited to 3000 copies and contained the original album plus five additional tracks from the music and effects reel (the only surviving recording of the film score). It also included a 12-page booklet with information from Harrison and Romero regarding the score.[32]

text:
No.
Title
Writer(s)
Length

1.
"The Dead Suite"
Harrison
19:41

2.
"Breakdown"
Harrison
3:52

3.
"Escape Invasion"
Harrison
3:58

4.
"The Dead Walk"
Harrison
4:54

5.
"If Tomorrow Comes"
Harrison/Blazer/Sparacino
3:39

6.
"The World Inside Your Eyes"
Harrison/Blazer/Sparacino/Pearsall
3:31

7.
"Deadly Beginnings"
Harrison
3:31

8.
"Diner of the Living Dead"
Harrison
3:44

9.
"Dead Calm"
Harrison
6:54

10.
"Bub's 9th"
Beethoven/Harrison
5:59

11.
"Dead End"
Harrison
3:34

text: Sequel and remakes[edit]

text: A half prequel, half sequel was released in 2005, entitled Day of the Dead 2: Contagium. Although it is, by definition, an official sequel as Taurus Entertainment Company holds the rights to the original film, no one from the original Day of the Dead had any involvement in the film.[33]

text: A loose remake of the film, Day of the Dead, was released straight to DVD on April 8, 2008.[34] Little of the original plot exists, with only a few basic elements remaining; notably the underground army base near the end of the movie, and some of the characters' names.[35][35] This marks the second time that Ving Rhames makes an appearance in a remake of a George A. Romero zombie film, following Dawn of the Dead.

text: On July 10, 2013 it was announced that there would be another remake of Day of the Dead. Christa Campbell and Lati Grobman, two of the producers behind Texas Chainsaw 3D have obtained the rights. Campbell, who had a small role in the first remake said "We want to keep it as close to the Romero version as possible. To make sure that his fans are happy. These are not going to be zombies climbing walls and doing back flips like in World War Z." Campbell and Grobman are currently holding meetings with possible writers to figure out the best way to adapt the story.[36] It began filming in June 2016.

text: In 2014, Sherman Howard's zombie character Bub appeared in a cameo in the fifteenth episode of Season 4 of the AMC series The Walking Dead.[37]

text: Comic[edit]

text: Stef Hutchinson wrote the 24-page comic Day of the Dead: Desertion, which was exclusively released to celebrate the movie's 25th anniversary and shows the origins of Bub, before becoming a Zombie.[38]


document_title: The Godfather (film series)

question_text: when did the first godfather movie come out

text: The Godfather (film series)

text: Film series[edit]

text: The Godfather[edit]

text: The Godfather was released on March 15, 1972. The feature-length film was directed by Francis Ford Coppola and based upon Mario Puzo's novel of the same name. The plot begins with Don Vito Corleone declining an offer to join in the narcotics business with notorious drug lord Virgil Sollozzo, which leads to an assassination attempt. Meanwhile, Vito's oldest son Sonny takes over the family and Michael strikes back for the assassination attempt by killing Sollozzo and a corrupted police captain, forcing Michael to go to Sicily in hiding. While in Sicily, Michael travels around the country and meets a woman he marries but who is killed in a car bombing. Michael returns to America after the news of his brother Sonny's murder. After returning, Vito turns over the reins of the family to Michael. Michael plans to move the family business to Las Vegas; but before the move, he plots the killing of the heads of the five families on the day of his nephew's baptism. Other subplots include Vito's daughter's abusive marriage, Johnny Fontaine's success in Hollywood and Vito's second son Fredo's role in the family business in Las Vegas.

text: The Godfather Part II[edit]

text: The Godfather Part II was released on December 20, 1974. The feature-length film was again directed by Francis Ford Coppola and based upon Mario Puzo's novel of the same name. The film is in part both a sequel and a prequel to The Godfather, presenting two parallel dramas. The main storyline, following the first film's events, centers on Michael Corleone, the new Don of the Corleone crime family, trying to hold his business ventures together from 1958 to 1959; the other is a series of flashbacks following his father, Vito Corleone, from his childhood in Sicily in 1901 to his founding of the Corleone family in New York City.

text: The Godfather Part III[edit]

text: The Godfather Part III was released on December 25, 1990. Francis Ford Coppola returned as director for the feature-length film, while also writing the screenplay with the help of the author Mario Puzo. It completes the story of Michael Corleone, a Mafia kingpin who tries to legitimize his criminal empire, and shows the rise of Sonny Corleone's illegitimate son Vincent Corleone as Michael's successor. The film also weaves into its plot a fictionalized account of real-life events, which include the 1978 death of Pope John Paul I and the Papal banking scandal of 1981 and 1982, and links them with each other and with the affairs of Michael Corleone.

text: Fourth film[edit]

text: Following the reaction after the third film, Coppola stated that although the idea of a fourth had been discussed, because Puzo died before they had a chance to write the film, it did not reach production. He and Puzo had discussed a potential script told in a similar narrative to Part II, seeing a younger Vito Corleone in the 1930s with a young Sonny Corleone gaining the families' political power, and another story featured during the 1980s seeing Vincent Corleone haunted by the death of his cousin Mary, running the family business through a ten-year destructive war and eventually losing the families' respect and power, seeing one final scene with Michael Corleone before his death.[1] The fourth film was supposed to be a prequel.[2]

text: Many famous actors were announced to star in the film. Robert De Niro, Andy García and Talia Shire were slated to reprise their roles as Vito Corleone, Vincent Corleone and Connie Corleone respectively.[3] Ray Liotta was rumored to have a role in the film, while Leonardo DiCaprio was cast as a younger Sonny Corleone.[4] Robert Duvall was supposed to reprise his role as Tom Hagen,[5] while Al Pacino was also originally meant to appear in a cameo appearance as Michael Corleone at the end of the film before his character's death.[6]

text: The Hollywood Reporter reported on June 21, 1999, that a fourth film with García in the lead role was in-the-works. Puzo started to work on the film's script before his untimely death. However, García has since claimed the film's script was nearly produced.[1] After Puzo's death, all was cancelled and Coppola decided to not continue the film series.[7] Puzo's portion of the potential sequel, dealing with the Corleone family in the early 1930s, was eventually expanded into a novel by Ed Falco and released in 2012 as The Family Corleone.[8] The estate of Puzo had sought to keep Paramount Pictures from producing a feature film based on the novel.[9] This has been resolved, with Paramount gaining the rights to make more Godfather films.[10]

text: Compilations for video and television[edit]

text: Three compilations were created by Coppola and editors Barry Malkin and Walter Murch:

text:
The Godfather Saga (1977) – seven hours television miniseries based on the first two films and incorporating additional footage that was not included in the theatrical releases.
The Godfather 1902–1959: The Complete Epic (1981) – version of The Godfather Saga that was released in video (VHS format).[11]
The Godfather Trilogy: 1901–1980 (1992) ten hours compilation released directly to video (VHS and LaserDisc formats) in 1992 and 1997 encompassing the three films and incorporating footage that was not included in the theatrical releases and additional footage that the Saga or Epic releases had included.

text: Cast[edit]

text:
[hide]Character
Film

The Godfather[12]
The Godfather Part II[13]
The Godfather Part III[14]

Michael Corleone
Al Pacino

Kay Adams-Corleone
Diane Keaton

Fredo Corleone
John Cazale[N 1]

Al Neri
Richard Bright

Connie Corleone
Talia Shire

Theresa Hagen
Tere Livrano

Francesca Corleone
Jeanne Savarino Pesch

Kathryn Corleone
Janet Savarino Smith

Don Tommasino
Corrado Gaipa
Mario Cotone
Vittorio Duse

Anthony Corleone
Anthony Gounaris
James Gounaris
Franc D'Ambrosio

Vito Corleone
Marlon Brando
Robert De Niro

Tom Hagen
Robert Duvall

Sonny Corleone
James Caan

Peter Clemenza
Richard S. Castellano
Bruno Kirby[N 2]

Salvatore Tessio
Abe Vigoda
Abe Vigoda
John Aprea[N 3]

Carmela Corleone
Morgana King
Morgana King

Francesca De Sapio[N 4]

Carlo Rizzi
Gianni Russo

Sandra Corleone
Julie Gregg

Fabrizio
Angelo Infanti

Rocco Lampone
Tom Rosqui

Genco Abbandando
Franco Corsaro
(deleted scene)
Frank Sivero

Willi Cicci
Joe Spinell

Apollonia Vitelli-Corleone
Simonetta Stefanelli

Simonetta Stefanelli
(archive footage)

Johnny Fontane
Al Martino

Al Martino

Calo
Franco Citti

Franco Citti

Lucy Mancini
Jeannie Linero

Jeannie Linero

Enzo Aguello
Gabrielle Torrei

Gabrielle Torrei

Captain McCluskey
Sterling Hayden

Jack Woltz
John Marley

Emilio Barzini
Richard Conte

Virgil Sollozzo
Al Lettieri

Carmine Cuneo
Rudy Bond

Luca Brasi
Lenny Montana

Paulie Gatto
Johnny Martino

Amerigo Bonasera
Salvatore Corsitto

Moe Greene
Alex Rocco

Bruno Tattaglia
Tony Giorgio

Nazorine
Vito Scotti

Philip Tattaglia
Victor Rendina

Vitelli
Saro Urzi

Victor Stracci
Don Costello

Don Zaluchi
Louis Guss

Hyman Roth

Lee Strasberg
John Megna (young)

Frank Pentangeli

Michael V. Gazzo

Pat Geary

G. D. Spradlin

Fabrizio Fanucci

Gastone Moschin

Deanna Dunn-Corleone

Marianna Hill

Signor Roberto

Leopoldo Trieste

Johnny Ola

Dominic Chianese

Bussetta

Amerigo Tot

Merle Johnson

Troy Donahue

Vito's mother

Maria Carta

Francesco Ciccio

Giuseppe Sillato

Marcia Roth

Fay Spain

FBI Man

Harry Dean Stanton

Carmine Rosato

Carmine Caridi

Tony Rosato

Danny Aiello

Vincenzo Pentangeli

Salvatore Po

Mosca

Ignazio Pappalardo

Strollo

Andrea Maugeri

Vincent Corleone

Andy García

Osvaldo Altobello

Eli Wallach

Joey Zasa

Joe Mantegna

B J Harrison

George Hamilton

Grace Hamilton

Bridget Fonda

Mary Corleone

Sofia Coppola

Cardinal Lamberto

Raf Vallone

Archbishop Gilday

Donal Donnelly

Frederick Keinszig

Helmut Berger

Dominic Abbandando

Don Novello

Andrew Hagen

John Savage

Mosca

Mario Donatone

Licio Lucchesi

Enzo Robutti

Spara

Michele Russo

Lou Pennino

Robert Cicchini

Armand

Rogerio Miranda

Francesco

Carlos Miranda

Anthony Squigliaro

Vito Antuofermo

Albert Volpe

Carmine Caridi

Frank Romano

Don Costello

Leo Cuneo

Al Ruscio

Matty Parisi

Mickey Knox

text: Reception[edit]

text: Box office performance[edit]

text:
Film
Release date
Revenue
Rank
Budget
Reference

North America
Other territories
Worldwide
All time
North America
All time
worldwide

The Godfather
000000001972-03-15-0000March 15, 1972
$134,966,411
$110,100,000
$245,066,411
#310
#23(A)
#398
$6,500,000
[15]

The Godfather Part II
000000001974-12-20-0000December 20, 1974
$57,300,000
$135,700,000
$193,000,000
#1,416
-
$13,000,000
[16]

The Godfather Part III
000000001990-12-25-0000December 25, 1990
$66,666,062
$70,100,000
$136,766,062
#947
-
$54,000,000
[17]

Total
$7008258932473000000♠258932473
$7008315900000000000♠315900000
$7008574832473000000♠574832473
-
-
$73,500,000
[18]

List indicator(s)

(A) indicates the adjusted totals based on current ticket prices (calculated by Box Office Mojo).

text: Critical response[edit]

text: On Rotten Tomatoes, the films received 99%, 97%, and 67% scores respectively. Metacritic, based on its ratings for each film (100%, 80%, 60%), lists the series as receiving "Generally Favorable Reviews" with its 80% average.[citation needed]

text: The films appear in many "Top 10" film lists, such as the Dallas-Fort Worth Film Critics Association's Top 10 Films, IMDb top 250, Time magazine's All-Time 100 Movies, and James Berardinelli's Top 100.[19]

text:
Film
Rotten Tomatoes
Metacritic

The Godfather
99% (85 reviews)[20]
100 (15 reviews)[21]

The Godfather Part II
97% (72 reviews)[22]
85 (12 reviews)[23]

The Godfather Part III
67% (58 reviews)[24]
60 (19 reviews)[25]

text: Accolades[edit]

text: The three films together were nominated for a total of 29 Academy Awards, of which they won nine. For the Best Supporting Actor award, both The Godfather and The Godfather Part II had three actors nominated for the award, which is a rare feat. Both The Godfather and The Godfather Part II won the award for Best Picture in their respective years. The Godfather Part II won the most Academy Awards with six to its credit. The Godfather Part III was nominated for seven Oscars, but won none.

text:
The Godfather — Nominations: 10, Wins: 3
The Godfather Part II — Nominations: 11, Wins: 6
The Godfather Part III — Nominations: 7, Wins: 0

text:
The Godfather film series at the Academy Awards[26][27][28]

Award
Awards won

The Godfather
The Godfather Part II
The Godfather Part III

Picture
Won
Won
Nominated

Director
Nominated
Won
Nominated

Actor
Won
Nominated

Supporting Actor
Nominated[a]
Won[b]
Nominated

Supporting Actress

Nominated

Adapted Screenplay
Won
Won

Art Direction

Won
Nominated

Cinematography

Nominated

Costume Design
Nominated
Nominated

Film Editing
Nominated

Nominated

Original Dramatic Score

Won

Original Song

Nominated

Sound Mixing
Nominated

text:
Jump up ^ Received three nominations in this category.
Jump up ^ Received three nominations in this category, winning one.

tag: ol

text: Video games[edit]

text: Three video games have been released to supplement the film series. The releases include: The Godfather, The Godfather: The Game and The Godfather II.

text: Notes[edit]

text:
Jump up ^ The character Fredo Corleone played by John Cazale appears in The Godfather Part III during a brief flashblack. Archive footage from The Godfather Part II is used.
Jump up ^ The character Peter Clemenza appears in The Godfather Part II as a younger version than in The Godfather and played by another actor, Bruno Kirby.
Jump up ^ The character Salvatore Tessio appears in The Godfather Part II as a younger version than in The Godfather and played by another actor, John Aprea. The original actor Abe Vigoda makes a cameo appearance at the end of The Godfather Part II.
Jump up ^ The character Carmela Corleone appears in The Godfather Part II as an older version played by Morgana King and a younger version in flashbacks played by Francesca De Sapio.


question_text: who was elected the first president of the nacw

text: History[edit]

text:
Officers elected at the first meeting of the National Association of Colored Women, July 1896[4]

President
Mrs. Mary Church Terrell

First Vice President
Mrs. Fanny Jackson Coppin

Second Vice President
Mrs. Josephine St. Pierre Ruffin

Third Vice President
Mrs. F. E. W. Harper

Fourth Vice President
Mrs. Josephine Silone Yates

Fifth Vice President
Mrs. Sylvanie Williams

Sixth Vice President
Mrs. Ella V. Chase Williams

Seventh Vice President
Mrs. Lucy Thurman

Recording Secretary
Mrs. Alice Ruth Moore

Corresponding Secretary
Miss A. V. Thompkins

Treasurer
Mrs. Helen A. Cook

Chairman of the Executive Committee
Mrs. Margaret Murray Washington

National Organizer
Mrs. Victoria Earle Matthews

Editorial Staff
Mrs. Margaret Murray Washington, Dr. Rebecca Cole, Mrs. Rosa D. Bowser, Mrs. Ida Wells-Barnett, Mrs. Frances J. Jackson

Ways and Means Committee
Mrs. J. Napier Kemp, Miss Lulu Chase, Mrs. Ella Mahammitt, Miss Julia F. Jones

Committee to Draft Constitution
Mrs. A. V. Jones, Mrs. Anna Jones, Mrs. C. L. Franklin, Mrs. Rosa D. Bowser, and Mrs. V. E. Matthews

Other significant attendees
Mrs. John H. Smyth

text: “In 1895 an obscure man in an obscure Missouri town sent a letter broad-cast over this country and England, reflecting upon the character and morals of our Women. So utterly false were the vile statement, that the women were aroused as never before and when Mrs. Josephine St. Pierre Ruffin, President of the New Era Club of Boston, called a meeting of protest in July 1895, the indignant women from North, South, East and West flocked to the “Classic Hub”, and in no uncertain terms vindicated the honor of the Race. The National Federation of Colored Women’s Club was the result of that meeting, with Mrs. Booker T. Washington at its head. However, another National organization, the Women’s Loyal Union, with Mrs. Cooke (née Helen Appo Cook) as President existed at Washington and the women soon realized that two organizations so identically similar could not work harmoniously as separate units. Therefore, the two organizations met in July 1896, and each appointed a committee to arrange for a consolidation, which was effected and the National Association of C.W.C came into existence with Mrs. Mary Church Terrell, of international fame, as President. This joint session was attended by some of the most notable women of our Race, among whom were Harriet Tubman. Francis E.W. Harper, poet and writer, Victoria E. Matthews, founder of the White Rose Mission of New York, Josephine S. Yates, teacher and writer, an others. Mrs. Ida B. Wells Barnett and Elizabeth Lindsay Davis were the delegates from Illinois.” Elizabeth Lindsay Davis, N.A.C.W.C. Historian, 1933 [5]

text: The National Association of Colored Women (later National Association of Colored Women's Clubs) was established in Washington, D.C., on July 21, 1896. This first of what would later become biennial convention meetings of the association was held at the Nineteenth Street Baptist Church. The organizations attending this convention included the National Federation of Afro-American Women, the Women's Era Club of Boston, and the National League of Colored Women of Washington, DC, the Women's Loyal Union as well as smaller organizations that had arisen from the African-American women's club movement. These organizations and later others across the country merged to form the National Association of Colored Women. The organization helped all African-American women by working on issues of civil rights and injustice, such as women’s suffrage, lynching, and Jim Crow laws.[6]

text: Founders of the NACWC included Harriet Tubman, Margaret Murray Washington,[7] Frances E.W. Harper, Ida Bell Wells-Barnett, and Mary Church Terrell. Its two leading members were Josephine St. Pierre Ruffin and Mary Church Terrell. Their original intention was "to furnish evidence of the moral, mental and material progress made by people of color through the efforts of our women". They organized to refute a letter written by James Jacks, the president of the Missouri Press Association, challenging the respectability of African-American women, and referring to them as thieves and prostitutes.[8]

text: During the next ten years, the NACWC became involved in campaigns in favor of women's suffrage and against lynching and Jim Crow laws. They also led efforts to improve education, and care for both children and the elderly. By 1918, when the United States entered the First World War, membership in the NACWC had grown to an extraordinary 300,000 nationwide.

text: Josephine St. Pierre Ruffin and Mary Church Terrell[edit]

text: That the National Association of Colored Women was the most prominent organization formed during the African-American Woman Suffrage Movement was due chiefly to the efforts of Josephine St. Pierre Ruffin and Mary Church Terrell. Both women were educated and had economically successful parents.

text: Born on August 31, 1842, in Boston, Josephine St. Pierre was the daughter of John St. Pierre, a successful clothes dealer from Martinique and Elizabeth Matilda Menhenick from Cornwall, England. Her parents supported her going to school in Salem for its integrated schools, rather than attend segregated ones in Boston. There Josephine St. Pierre flourished. At the age of 16, she married George Lewis Ruffin, who became the first African-American graduate of Harvard Law School. Among their early activities was recruiting black soldiers for the Union Army during the Civil War.

text: After her husband died in 1886, Josephine St. Pierre Ruffin used part of her estate to fund Woman’s Era, the first journal published by and for African-American women. She was a vice-president of the National Association of Colored Women. In 1910 Ruffin enlarged her social activism by helping form the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP). She died in March 1924.

text: Mary Church Terrell was the daughter of Robert Church, Sr., a former slave and reputed son of a white master. Church, Sr. built a business and became one of the wealthiest black men in the South. He was able to send Mary to Oberlin College, where she earned both bachelor's and master's degrees. Years later Mary Church Terrell spoke at the Berlin International Congress of Women, giving her speech in fluent German and French, as well as English. She was the only black woman at the conference.

text: Terrell was elected as the first president of the National Association of Colored Women in 1896. She led the struggle in Washington, DC against segregation in public eating places and succeeded in winning a court decision for integration there. Terrell died in Annapolis, Maryland, on July 24, 1954.

text: NACWC objectives[edit]

text:
To work for the economic, moral, religious and social welfare of women and children.
To protect the rights of women and children.
To raise the standard and quality of life in home and family.
To secure and use our influence for the enforcement of civil and political rights for all citizens.
To promote the education of women and children through the work of effective programs.
To obtain for African American families the opportunity of reaching the highest levels of human endeavor.
To promote effective interaction with the organization's male auxiliary.
To promote inter-racial understanding so that justice and good will may prevail amongst all people.
To hold informative workshops biennially at organization's National Convention.

text: Presidents[edit]

text:
Mary Church Terrell — 1st President (1896–1900)
Josephine Silone Yates — 2nd President (1900–04)
Lucy Thurman — 3rd President (1904–08)
Elizabeth Carter Brooks — 4th President (1908–12)
Margaret James Murray (Mrs. Booker T. Washington) – 5th President (1912–16)
Mary B. Talbert — 6th President (1916–20)
Miss Hallie Q. Brown – 7th President (1920–24)
Mary McLeod Bethune — 8th President (1924–28)
Mrs. Sallie Wyatt Stewart – 9th President (1928–33)
Dr. Mary Fitzbutler Waring – 10th President (1933–37)
Mrs. Jennie B. Moton – 11th President (1937–41)
Mrs. Ada Belle Dement – 12th President (1941–45)
Mrs. Christine S. Smith – 13th President (1946–48)
Ella P. Stewart – 14th President (1948–52)
Irene McCoy Gaines – 15th President (1952–58)

text:
Dr Rosa L. Gragg – 16th President (1958–64)
Mamie B. Reese – 17th President (1964–68)
Myrtle Ollison – 18th President (1968–72)
Juanita W. Brown — 19th President (1972–76)
Inez W. Tinsley – 20th President (1976–80)
Otelia Champion – 21st President (1980–84)
Myrtle E. Gray – 22nd President (1984–88)
Dolores M. Harris – 23rd President (1988–92)
Savannah C. Jones — 24th President (1992–96)
Patricia L. Fletcher — 25th President (1996–2002)
Margaret J. Cooper — 26th President (2002–06)
Dr. Marie Wright Tolliver - 27th President (2006–10)
Evelyn Rising - 28th President (2010–14)
Sharon R. Bridgeforth - 29th President (2014–present)[10]

text: Conventions[edit]

text:
1st, 1897, Nashville, Tennessee
2nd, 1899, Chicago, Illinois
3rd, 1901, Buffalo, New York
4th, 1904, St. Louis, Missouri
5th, 1906, Detroit, Michigan
6th, 1908, Brooklyn, New York
7th, 1910, Louisville, Kentucky
8th, 1912, Hampton, Virginia
9th, 1914, Wilberforce, Ohio
10th, 1916, Baltimore, Maryland
11th, 1918, Denver, Colorado
12th, 1920, Tuskeegee, Alabama
13th, 1922, Richmond, Virginia
14th, 1924, Chicago, Illinois
15th, 1926, Oakland, California
16th, 1928, Washington, D. C.
17th, 1930, Hot Springs, Arkansas
18th, 1933, Chicago, Illinois
19th, 1935, Cleveland, Ohio
20th, 1937, Fort Worth, Texas
21st, 1939, Boston, Massachusetts
22nd, 1941, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma
23rd, 1946, Washington, D. C.
24th, 1948, Seattle, Washington
25th, 1950, Atlantic City, New Jersey
26th, 1952, Los Angeles, California
27th, 1954, Washington, D. C.
28th, 1956, Miami, Florida
29th, 1958, Detroit, Michigan
30th, 1960, New York, New York
31st, 1962, Washington, D. C.
32nd, 1964, Denver, Colorado
33rd, 1966, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma
34th, 1968, Chicago, Illinois
35th, 1970, Atlantic City, New Jersey
36th, 1972, San Jose, California
37th, 1974, Atlanta, Georgia
38th, 1976, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
39th, 1978, Seattle, Washington
40th, 1980, Washington, D. C.
41st, 1982, Anchorage, Arkansas
42nd, 1984, Norfolk, Virginia
48th, 1986, Austin, Texas
49th, 1988, Orlando, Florida
50th, 1990, Cleveland, Ohio
51st, 1992, Portland, Oregon[11]

text: Notable affiliates[edit]

text:
Empire State Federation of Women's Clubs
Indiana State Federation of Colored Women's Clubs
Iowa Federation of Colored Women's Clubs
Mississippi State Federation of Colored Women’s Clubs
Northeastern Federation of Colored Women's Clubs
South Carolina Federation of Colored Women's Clubs
Texas Association of Women's Clubs


document_title: Assassin's Creed Origins

question_text: who do you play in assassin's creed origins

question_tokens: who do you play in assassin 's creed origins

text: Assassin's Creed Origins

text: Gameplay[edit]

text: Assassin's Creed Origins is an action-adventure stealth game played from a third-person perspective. Players complete quests—linear scenarios with set objectives—to progress through the story, earn experience points, and acquire new skills. Outside of quests, the player can freely roam the open world environment on foot, horseback, camel-back or boat to explore locations, complete optional side-quests and unlock weapons and equipment.

text: The "eagle vision" mode, which was used by the franchise to give the player the ability to scout an area by highlighting enemies and objects, has been replaced by a Bonelli's eagle named Senu as a companion.[1] The player is able to take control of Senu and scout an area in advance, highlighting enemies which will then be visible when they return to controlling Bayek, the game's main character. The player can also tame various predators which will serve as a companion for the player and assist them against enemies.[2] Naval combat, underwater exploration and tomb raiding return to the series.[2][3][4][5][6]

text: The game also features revised combat mechanics.[7] Previous titles in the Assassin's Creed series used a "paired animation system" whereby the player character would engage with an enemy and combat would be dictated by a series of predeterminted animations based on player inputs and scripted AI movements. Origins moves to a "hit-box system". When the player wields a weapon, they will strike at whatever is in range, allowing them to hit enemies directly, injure individual body parts, and creating the possibility of missing an enemy entirely. Complementing this is the way weapons fall into different categories and are rated on their damage dealt, speed and range.[8] Enemies will be drawn from several basic archetypes that use a variety of tactics in combat which, combined with the hit-box system, will require the player to learn the attributes of individual weapons and tailor their playing style to succeed in combat. As enemy combat is also dictated by the hit-box system, the player has been equipped with a shield and will need to balance their offensive and defensive capabilities.[7] Locations within the game world are designed to enable the player to choose their playing style by offering stealth and open combat as equally-viable choices for completing objectives.

text: Origins introduces an arena-based combat system where the player fights waves of increasingly difficult combinations of enemies culminating in a boss fight.[9] While the introduction to the arena is incorporated into the main story, the arena mode stands alone from the wider narrative. The game world features several arenas, with a variety of enemy combinations and unique bosses not found in the game world. The player is able to unlock additional weapons and equipment by completing arena fights.

text: Plot[edit]

text: Setting[edit]

text: The player takes on the role of a Medjay named Bayek and his wife Aya, as they work to protect the people of the Ptolemaic Kingdom during a time of widespread upheaval: the Pharaoh, Ptolemy XIII, struggles to maintain his rule while harbouring ambitions of expanding his kingdom; his sister, the recently deposed Cleopatra, begins marshalling loyalist forces to launch a counter-coup against Ptolemy; and frequent incursions into the Kingdom by the Roman Republic under the command of Julius Caesar lead to fears of an imminent invasion. Bayek's role as a Medjay brings him and Aya into contact with the secretive forces manipulating these events and into becoming the first Assassins.

text: Synopsis[edit]

text: This article's plot summary may be too long or excessively detailed. Please help improve it by removing unnecessary details and making it more concise. (November 2017) (Learn how and when to remove this template message)

text: In the present day, Layla Hassan, a researcher at Abstergo's Historical Research Division, is tasked along with her friend and co-worker Deanna Geary with finding and retrieving an artifact in Egypt. However, she instead finds a tomb containing the mummies of ancient Assassins Bayek and Aya. Hoping to find any relevant information that would secure her a position in the company's Animus Project, Layla decides to relive both Bayek and Aya's memories using her modified Animus without telling her superiors, despite Deanna's protest.

text: In 49 BCE, Bayek, a respected Medjay in charge of protecting the Siwa Oasis, is abducted along with his son Khemu by a group of five masked men to an underground vault in the Temple of Amun. The masked men give Bayek a golden orb and demand that he use it to open a secret Vault. Khemu helps Bayek escape, but during the struggle to kill one of the masked men, Bayek inadvertently stabs Khemu in the chest, killing him.

text: One year later in 48 BCE, Bayek had exiled himself from Siwa in order to track down the five masked men to take his revenge. He finds the first one, Rudjek "The Heron", and kills him. Bayek then returns to Siwa to kill the local priest Medunamun, "The Ibis", who has been torturing Siwans for information to open the same vault. After killing Medunamun, Bayek then heads for Alexandria, where Aya has been tracking another of the masked men. Upon meeting Aya, she reveals that she has already killed Actaeon "The Vulture" and Ktesos "The Ram", leaving only one target left, "The Snake". Aya also reveals that she has been working with Apollodorus the Sicilian and Cleopatra to uncover The Snake's identity. She gives Bayek the first Hidden Blade, which he uses to track down and kill Eudoros, whom he believes to be the "Snake" in a bathhouse. Killing Eudoros costs Bayek his left ring finger, cut off from the same hidden blade to kill his target.

text: Bayek remembers Eudoros' words and begins to have doubts. He decides to meet with Apollodorus and Cleopatra for answers. Cleopatra tells Bayek that she was ousted from the throne by the masked men, who call themselves the Order of Ancients and seek to control all of Egypt by using Ptolemy as their puppet. In addition, there are more members of Order than the five Bayek and Aya had already killed: "The Scarab", "The Hyena", "The Lizard" and "The Crocodile". In fact, Eudoros was actually "The Hippo", and the name of the Snake is used to refer to the Order as a whole. Confronted with this new information, Bayek agrees to become Cleopatra's Medjay and assassinate the remaining members of the Order. Bayek tracks down and kills all of them while Aya convinces Pompey the Great to ally with Cleopatra.

text: In the present, Layla and Deanna are attacked by Abstergo soldiers for failing to check in with the company. Layla kills her attackers, but Deanna is captured and executed. Swearing revenge, Layla returns to the Animus, determined to complete her mission.

text: Bayek receives a letter from Aya explaining that there are two more members of the Order, "The Scorpion" and "The Jackal", who are members of Ptolemy's royal guard and the likely culprits responsible for Khemu's death. He finds out that Lucius Septimius is the Jackal and tracks him, but is too late to stop him from assassinating Pompey. With no other options, Cleopatra has Bayek and Aya help sneak her into the palace to meet Julius Caesar. Cleopatra impresses Caesar and secures his support. Bayek kills Pothinus, "The Scorpion", but is stopped from killing Septimius by Caesar. Aya watches Ptolemy get eaten by crocodiles when he tries to flee across the Nile.

text: After the end of the civil war, Cleopatra takes the throne as Pharaoh. Septimius becomes an advisor for Caesar and Cleopatra cuts ties with Bayek and Aya. This causes Bayek and his supporters to realize that Cleopatra and Caesar have now allied themselves with the Order. Realizing his mistake in supporting Cleopatra, Bayek gathers his allies to form a brotherhood to counter the Order and defend the free will of the common people. Bayek and Aya realize the Order showed a strong interest in the tomb of Alexander the Great, which they investigate. There, they find a mortally wounded Apollodorus who warns them that Caesar's lieutenant, Flavius, is "The Lion" and the true leader of the Order. He and Septimius had taken the Orb and a Staff from the tomb and are heading back to Siwa for the Vault.

text: Upon returning to Siwa, they find the Vault already opened. Bayek tracks down and confronts Flavius, who bears the activated Apple of Eden, but kills him, avenging Khemu's death. Bayek returns to Aya, who has recruited Marcus Junius Brutus the Younger and Gaius Cassius Longinus to their cause. She plans to head to Rome with Brutus and Cassius to assassinate Caesar and Septimius. Bayek and Aya part ways but form the foundation of the Assassin Brotherhood when they both swear to protect the world from the shadows. Upon their separation, Bayek drops his eagle's skull charm, a necklace of Khemu's, into the sand which leaves an impression, becoming the icon of their new Brotherhood.

text: After this, Layla wakes up from the Animus to find William Miles, present day Mentor of the Assassin Brotherhood watching over her. She accepts William's offer to work with the Assassins, but stops short of actually joining them. The two depart for modern-day Alexandria.

text: In Rome, Aya confronts Septimius, who wields the Staff of Eden, and she kills him. She then infiltrates the Roman Senate and assassinates Caesar. Later, she meets with Cleopatra and warns her to be a fair ruler or she will return to assassinate her. Afterward, Bayek and Aya (now calling herself Amunet)[b] begin recruiting and training other Assassins as they build the Assassin Brotherhood in Egypt and Rome respectively.

text: The Hidden Ones[edit]

text: Bayek learns of a Roman camp to the north of Siwa from a Roman scholar named Otis. While there he learns that a Roman General is planning to bribe various Greek and Egyptian officials to set up a communication network. Bayek stops the bribes, but when he goes to seek out Otis he finds that he has been killed. Bayek finds a final note from Otis, explaining that the plot was coordinated by General Rufio and that Otis was working for Amunet.

text: Four years later Bayek receives a letter from Tahira saying that the region of Sinai is at war with Rome, and that two members of The Hidden Ones have been killed in a massacre. Traveling to the region, there Bayek meets with Tahira, who introduces him to the Gamilat, the leader of the rebels. The three plan to draw out General Rufio, the leader of the Romans in the area, by killing his three lieutenants.

text: While the three are successful in doing so, their hideout is discovered by the Romans. An attack causes Bayek and Tahira to be captured. Before Bayek can be killed Amunet saves him. The two go back to rescue Tahira, but she succumbs to her injuries afterwards. Amunet tells Bayek that the Sinai branch of The Hidden Ones has been too loud, to the point where she was aware of their existence in Rome, and that there may be a traitor among them. The two discover Rufio's men burning down a village and stop them before assassinating Rufio.

text: Amunet then informs Bayek that Gamilat has been provoking Roman soldiers into combat, then hiding his rebels among villages to cause massacres. This creates new rebels, thus bolstering the size of his army. Horrified by this, Bayek confronts Gamilat, who believes he was in the right to do so. Bayek kills Gamilat, who comes to regret his actions while dying. Afterwards, Amunet and Bayek decide to form a creed with the other Hidden Ones, to swear they would not become like Gamilat and exploit innocents for their own cause. Amunet decides to return to Rome, while Bayek remains in Egypt.

text: Downloadable contents[edit]

text: The Hidden Ones[edit]

text: The Hidden Ones is a story-driven expansion that sheds more light on the rise of the Assassin Brotherhood. It is set four years after the events of the main game and takes the player to the new Sinai Peninsula region, where they'll have to "investigate a clash between a rebel faction and occupying Roman forces." In addition to the new story chapter, The Hidden Ones introduces a variety of new items for the player to acquire, including an outfit, two Legendary weapon sets, a pair of mounts, and other weapons. The expansion also raises the game's level cap to 45.[11]

text: Discovery Tour[edit]

text: The new educational mode will let the player choose between free roaming the world of Ancient Egypt to learn more about its history and daily life, or embarking on guided tours curated by historians and Egyptologists. However, this will disable the storyline, side-quests, conflicts with enemies, time limits, and gameplay constraints. Discovery Tour is expected to be released on February 20, 2018.[12][13][14]

text: The Curse of the Pharaohs[edit]

text: The second expansion offers gamers a completely new quest to delve into as they travel to Thebes to investigate an ancient curse that is plaguing the land. The Curse of the Pharaohs focuses on Egyptian mythology, pitting players against famous pharaohs and Egyptian beasts, as they uncover the cause of the curse that has brought certain dead rulers back to life. Each expansion increases the level cap and this one is no different. The Hidden Ones first raises the cap to 45 while The Curse of the Pharaohs increases it to 55. Like The Hidden Ones, the expansion will also add new outfits, gear and weapons, these themed around ancient Egyptian mythology. The Curse of the Pharaohs is expected on March 6, 2018.[11][14]

text: Development[edit]

text: Development of Assassin's Creed Origins started in early 2014, after the completion of Assassin's Creed IV: Black Flag.[15] The series had been following a yearly release cycle, but after the launch of Assassin's Creed Syndicate in 2015, Ubisoft chose to delay the release of Origins until 2017.[16] Ubisoft CEO Yves Guillemot cited a desire to focus on the quality of the individual titles, the opportunity to develop future games with new engines, and the disappointing sales of Syndicate as the reasons behind the decision.[17] The team enlisted Ubisoft Kiev to develop the PC version in parallel with the console versions.[18]

text: Information on Origins, then titled Assassin's Creed Empire, first leaked in January 2017, showing several screenshots of a character on a boat and in front of a cave. The game was officially revealed on June 11, 2017.[6] It was developed using the latest iteration of the AnvilNext engine.[citation needed] During production of Assassin's Creed III in November 2011 Ubisoft conducted a fan survey exploring potential settings for future titles. Ancient Egypt was one of the most popular choices,[19] but Alex Hutchinson, the creative director of Assassin's Creed III, dismissed the results as he considered Ancient Egypt—as with the other two chosen settings, feudal Japan and World War II—as being "the worst choices" for a setting.[20] The development team hired Egyptologists to assist in making the open world more accurate to the time period.[21]

text: The original score for the game was composed by Sarah Schachner, who previously worked on the series with Assassin's Creed IV: Black Flag and Assassin's Creed Unity.[22]

text: Marketing[edit]

text: In August 2017, Square Enix announced a promotional crossover between the Assassin's Creed franchise and Final Fantasy XV.[23] Taking the form of an in-game event, it introduced Assassin's Creed-themed content to the game.[24] Assassin's Creed-themed content was also made available in other Ubisoft games such as Tom Clancy's Ghost Recon Wildlands and South Park: The Fractured but Whole.

text: Reception[edit]

text:
Reception

Aggregate score

Aggregator
Score

Metacritic
(PC) 84/100[25]
(PS4) 81/100[26]
(XONE) 85/100[27]

Review scores

Publication
Score

Destructoid
8/10[28]

EGM
9/10[29]

Game Informer
8.5/10[30]

Game Revolution
[31]

GameSpot
7/10[32]

GamesRadar
[33]

IGN
9/10[34]

PC Gamer (US)
84/100[35]

Polygon
8.5/10[36]

VideoGamer.com
8.0/10[37]

text: Assassin's Creed Origins received "generally favorable" reviews from critics, according to review aggregator Metacritic.[25][26][27]

text: GameSpot gave the game a 7/10, saying: "While Assassin's Creed Origins reaches great heights in this new setting, it routinely runs into issues that bog down the overall experience. Technical issues make for an inconsistent experience and its new gameplay pillars wobble under the weight of its systems. But despite this, the world of Origins remains fresh and exciting to explore, which is a testament to the remarkable setting and compelling story."[32]

text: Louise Blain from GamesRadar gave the game a score of 5 out of 5 stars and called it the best of the franchise, saying that "As beautiful as it is deadly, Origins' Egyptian playground is finally everything you wanted the Creed to be."[33] Ray Carsillo's score of 9/10 on EGMNow said that "Assassin's Creed Origins delivers a robust experience that mixes up the traditional Assassin's Creed formula in a way that's fresh and fun to play—but which also harkens back to the series' roots in some welcome ways, too. It marks an evolution fans might not have even known they were waiting for, delivering one of the best overall experiences we've seen yet from the series."[29]

text: Alanah Pearce's 9/10 review on IGN stated that "Assassin's Creed Origins is a deep-dive into a truly stunning realization of ancient Egypt, with a rich series of cultures, genuine characters, and more mission variety than any other game in the series. The combat is challenging and thoughtful, and while the loot system doesn't match up to games like Destiny 2, there are enough different weapon types and enough enemy variety to keep you swapping between weapons, catered to the situation. The RPG elements encourage challenges of their own, and even despite a handful of bugs, I desperately wanted to keep playing."[34]

text: Colin Campbell of Polygon gave the game a score of 8.5/10, writing, "In essence, Assassin's Creed Origins is much the same game as the original Assassin's Creed, which came out a decade ago. It's a formula that people like to play, and it's certainly been honed and improved over the years. Origins is, then, undoubtedly the best iteration of this formula yet. But I yearn for a fresh approach and new ideas, something that astounds the senses as much as the wondrous world this game inhabits."[36]

text: Eurogamer ranked the game 23rd on their list of the "Top 50 Games of 2017",[38] and EGMNow ranked it sixth on their list of the 25 Best Games of 2017,[39] while Polygon ranked it 15th on their list of the 50 best games of 2017.[40] The game won the award for "Best Open World Game" in PC Gamer's 2017 Game of the Year Awards,[41] whereas its other nominations were for "Best Setting" and "Game of the Year".[42] It was also nominated for "Best Xbox One Game" in both Destructoid's Game of the Year Awards 2017 and IGN's Best of 2017 Awards,[43][44] the latter of which also nominated it for "Best Action-Adventure Game" and "Best Graphics".[45][46] In Giant Bomb's 2017 Game of the Year Awards, the game won the award for "Best New Character" (Bayek), and was a runner-up for "Best World".[47][48] It also won the award for "Best Setting" in Game Informer's 2017 Action Game of the Year Awards.[49]

text: Controversy[edit]

text: A controversy arose when several online video game journalists discovered that many of the game's user reviews on review aggregator Metacritic were artificially improved through the use of an online bot.[50]

text: Sales[edit]

text: In November 2017, Ubisoft announced sales of Assassin's Creed Origins during its first 10 days were double that of Assassin's Creed Syndicate, while player engagement also saw an increase. 35% of the sales were digital download, compared to just 12% for Syndicate.[51]

text: Accolades[edit]

text:
Year
Award
Category
Result
Ref.

2017
E3 2017 Game Critics Awards
Best of Show
Nominated
[52]

Best Console Game
Nominated

Best Action/Adventure Game
Nominated

Gamescom 2017
Best Console Game (PlayStation 4)
Won
[53][54]

Best Console Game (Xbox One)
Nominated

Best PC Game
Nominated

Best RPG
Nominated

35th Annual Golden Joystick Awards
Ultimate Game of the Year
Nominated
[55]

Global Game Awards 2017
Game of the Year 2017
3rd Place
[56]

Best Publisher (Ubisoft)
3rd Place
[57]

Best Stealth
Won
[58]

Best Open World
2nd Place
[59]

The Game Awards 2017
Best Action/Adventure Game
Nominated
[60]

2018
New York Game Awards 2018
Statue of Liberty Award for Best World
Nominated
[61]

16th Visual Effects Society Awards
Outstanding Visual Effects in a Real-Time Project
Won
[62][63]

Outstanding Created Environment in an Episode, Commercial, or Real-Time Project
Nominated

21st Annual D.I.C.E. Awards
Outstanding Achievement in Character (Bayek)
Pending
[64]

Outstanding Technical Achievement
Pending

Adventure Game of the Year
Pending

NAVGTR Awards
Art Direction, Period Influence
Pending
[65]

Control Design, 3D
Pending

Costume Design
Pending

Game, Franchise Adventure
Pending

Graphics, Technical
Pending

Lighting/Texturing
Pending

Original Dramatic Score, Franchise
Pending

Use of Sound, Franchise
Pending

SXSW Gaming Awards
Excellence in Visual Achievement
Pending
[66]

Excellence in Animation
Pending

Game Developers Choice Awards
Best Technology
Pending
[67]

text: Notes[edit]

text:
Jump up ^ Additional work by Ubisoft Sofia, Ubisoft Singapore, Ubisoft Chengdu, Ubisoft Shanghai, Ubisoft Bucharest, Ubisoft Kiev, and Ubisoft Philippines.
Jump up ^ In Assassin's Creed II, Amunet is described as having assassinated Cleopatra in 30 BC.[10]