document_title: List of SpongeBob SquarePants characters

question_text: who is king of the ocean in spongebob

question_tokens: who is king of the ocean in spongebob

text: Creation and conception[edit]

text: Stephen Hillenburg conceived the characters for SpongeBob SquarePants in 1984, while he was teaching and studying marine biology at what is now the Orange County Ocean Institute.[1] During this period, Hillenburg became fascinated with animation, and wrote a comic book titled The Intertidal Zone starring various anthropomorphic forms of sea lives, many of which would evolve into SpongeBob SquarePants characters,[2] including "Bob the Sponge", who was the co-host of the comic and resembled an actual sea sponge as opposed to SpongeBob.[3] In 1987, Hillenburg left the institute to pursue his dream of becoming an animator.[2][3]

text: Main characters[edit]

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SpongeBob SquarePants (voiced by Tom Kenny) is the series' title character and protagonist. He is a yellow anthropomorphic sea sponge who physically resembles an artificial, rectangular, kitchen-type cleaning sponge clad in brown short pants, a white shirt, and a red tie. He lives in a pineapple house and is employed as a fry cook at a fast food restaurant called the Krusty Krab. SpongeBob's hobbies include practicing karate with Sandy, as well as jellyfishing, blowing bubbles, playing games with his best friend, a starfish named Patrick Star, and unintentionally irritating his other neighbor, Squidward Tentacles. He attends Mrs. Puff's Boating School but has never passed; his lack of a driver's license is a running gag throughout the series. Green and purple were early color choices for the character before yellow was chosen. He is usually seen as weak and fragile, and he first appears in "Help Wanted".[4]
Patrick Star (voiced by Bill Fagerbakke) is a starfish who lives under a rock, and whose most prominent character trait is his extremely low intelligence. He is best friends with SpongeBob and often encourages activities that get the two into trouble, especially when Squidward Tentacles is involved. While typically unemployed throughout the course of the series, Patrick holds various short-term jobs as the storyline of each episode requires. He is generally good-natured and is "the tough one" of the two who is often called to fight SpongeBob's battles for him (although he usually gets distracted). Patrick is shown to have a mean temper in certain episodes. He first appears in "Help Wanted".
Squidward Tentacles (voiced by Rodger Bumpass) is an octopus with a large nose. He is SpongeBob and Patrick's ill-tempered neighbor with a dry, sarcastic sense of humor. He has no artistic or musical ability but believes himself to be extremely talented. He plays the clarinet and loves to paint self-portraits in different artistic styles, which he hangs up around the walls of his moai-shaped house. He loathes SpongeBob and Patrick (although they are oblivious to his animosity, and consider him a close friend) as well as his current occupation at the Krusty Krab. He regularly acts condescendingly toward customers and is often seen sleeping on the job.
Sandy Cheeks (voiced by Carolyn Lawrence) is a squirrel from Texas. She has a number of athletic interests, such as "sand-boarding" and karate, and is a rodeo champion. She also works as a scientist (Mainly after the movie), explorer, and inventor. Being from the surface, she lives in a tree inside a glass dome so she can breathe. To survive underwater, she wears a diving suit and helmet to travel outside of her treedome. Whenever any aquatic creatures enter her air-filled dome, they must wear helmets filled with water to breathe.
Mr. Krabs (voiced by Clancy Brown) is a red crab who owns and operates the Krusty Krab restaurant where SpongeBob works.[5] He is self-content, intelligent, and obsessed with the value and essence of money. He lives in an anchor with his daughter Pearl, who is a whale. The Krusty Krab was originally a retirement home called "The Rusty Krab", which he bought after returning from fighting in a nondescript war; when it went bankrupt, he turned it into a restaurant and renamed it "The Krusty Krab". He takes pride in making money, his invention of the Krabby Patty, and his superiority over his rival Plankton's restaurant, The Chum Bucket.
Gary (voiced by Tom Kenny) is SpongeBob's pet sea snail. Within the series, snails are analogous to kitty cats and are usually kept as pets throughout the cartoon series. Gary almost always vocalizes like a kitty cat.[6] Despite this, other characters can understand and communicate with him. Depicted as a level-headed character, Gary sometimes serves as a voice of reason for SpongeBob, and solves problems that his owner cannot.
Plankton (voiced by Mr. Lawrence) is a plankton who owns the Chum Bucket, the rival restaurant to the Krusty Krab. As the self-proclaimed archenemy to Mr. Krabs, he constantly tries to steal Krabs' secret recipe for Krabby Patties (except in The SpongeBob Movie: Sponge Out of Water), but is always unsuccessful (except, temporarily, in The SpongeBob SquarePants Movie). Sometimes, not only does he wish to run Mr. Krabs out of business, but he also wishes to rule the world. His wife is Karen, a computer of his creation. Though he is considered the main antagonist of the series, he has been portrayed as a protagonist or anti-hero on several occasions. He first appears in the episode "Plankton!".

text: Supporting characters[edit]

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Karen (voiced by Jill Talley) is Plankton's nagging computer W.I.F.E. (as in an acronym for "Wired Integrated Female Electroencephalograph") and voice of reason. She apparently has a mind of her own to the point of making fun of Plankton. Karen usually helps Plankton in his schemes to steal the Krabby Patty secret formula, although on occasions Plankton rejects her ideas and then takes them as if they were his own. She has a sarcastic attitude towards Plankton, and it is revealed in The SpongeBob SquarePants Movie that she never agreed to marry Plankton.
Mrs. Puff (voiced by Mary Jo Catlett)[7] is a pufferfish with blonde hair, who is the owner and teacher of a boating school (analogous to driving school, as the "boats" are underwater equivalents to cars). Her first appearance within the episode "Boating School", which first aired on August 7, 1999.[8] She dreads instructing SpongeBob due to his inability to drive without crashing. As a running gag, she frequently gets in trouble with the police due to SpongeBob's inability to drive without causing public damage. She can also change her voice to need.
Pearl Krabs (voiced by Lori Alan) is Mr. Krabs' teenage sperm whale daughter. The series has yet to explain their disparity in species, although in the book SpongeBob's Trivia Book, Mr. Krabs explains that Pearl takes after her mother, suggesting that her mother is a whale. Her mother is never seen or mentioned in the series. Pearl is frequently embarrassed by her father's cheap attitude and often forces him to try and change his habits.
Mermaid Man (voiced by Ernest Borgnine) and his sidekick Barnacle Boy (voiced by Tim Conway)[9] are two elderly and partially senile superheroes who live in a retirement home and are stars of SpongeBob and Patrick's favorite television show. Mermaid Man is known for completely forgetting things, yelling a prolonged "EVIL!" whenever he hears the word, while Barnacle Boy seems to be the smarter, more sensible (but also much more irritable) of the two. The 3rd-season episode "Mermaid Man and Barnacle Boy V" reveals that Barnacle Boy's given name is Kyle, but it is changed to Tim in the 8th-season episode "Mermaid Man Begins", where it is also revealed that Mermaid Man's given name is Ernie. Since Borgnine's death (besides their appearance in "Patrick-Man!"), neither Mermaid Man nor Barnacle Boy has appeared, and are rumored to have been discontinued from the show. Aquaman artist Ramona Fradon drew the Mermaid Man and Barnacle Boy comic book adventures.[10]
Larry the Lobster (voiced by Mr. Lawrence) is a lobster lifeguard of the Goo Lagoon. Larry is a bodybuilder and workout fanatic, and has occasionally been seen hanging out with SpongeBob and Patrick.
The Flying Dutchman (voiced by Brian Doyle-Murray) is an irritable pirate ghost named after a ghost ship, The Flying Dutchman. His first appearance is in the Halloween-themed episode "Scaredy Pants", though he is first mentioned in "Squidward the Unfriendly Ghost", in which SpongeBob and Patrick discover that he haunts the seven seas because his unburied corpse was used as a window display. He lives underwater in a giant pirate ship and, as a Satan-like or Satanist character, collects souls. He also resides in a cavern containing the Davy Jones' Locker, a literal locker stuffed with countless smelly socks, which within the series seems to be analogous to Hell. In the series, "Who the Davy" (analogous to "Who the hell") is once used as a curse word. In one episode the musician Davy Jones made a cameo appearance throwing socks from the locker at The Flying Dutchman.
Patchy the Pirate (portrayed by Tom Kenny) is a live-action character who is a pirate, the president of the SpongeBob Fan Club, and the host of the SpongeBob SquarePants specials. He lives in an unnamed suburb of Encino, California, and is normally present in specials, often in a dual narrative with the animated SpongeBob, although sometimes he merely introduces the episode. He made a special guest star appearance on Big Time Rush in the episode "Big Time Beach Party" with Carlos Pena Jr. and Logan Henderson.
Potty the Parrot (voiced/operated by Stephen Hillenburg, 2000–2004; Paul Tibbitt, 2005–2012; Mr. Lawrence, 2017–present)) is Patchy the Pirate's "annoying" pet green parrot. Potty is a crudely made puppet controlled by very obvious strings. He is obnoxious and often annoys or talks back to Patchy.
Officer Nancy (Sirena Irwin) and Officer John (Dee Bradley Baker/Thomas F. Wilson/Mr. Lawrence) are partners and the two most commonly seen police in Bikini Bottom, appearing most prominently in Season 3. Nancy is a purple female police fish with blonde hair and John is a male police fish, whose colour varies. Although John still regularly appears on the show, Nancy has been mostly retired from the series.
Dr. Gilligan Scales (voiced by Rodger Bumpass) is a purple Doctor fish Bikini Bottom doctor.
Elaine (voiced by Mr. Lawrence/Tom Kenny) is a live-action announcer and news anchor fish, resembling a cut-out of a bass fish. Elaine appears in numerous episodes, including the intro to the show. His name is revealed to be Elaine in "The Great Patty Caper", though he has been called Johnny in Battle for Bikini Bottom, although this is only in the video game series, making his canonical name Elaine.
Perch Perkins (Mr. Lawrence/Dee Bradley Baker) is a Yellow perch and field news reporter. He is usually seen in the series reporting about events that occur. Perch is a purple fish that wears a dark purple coat with a purplish-black wig and headphones. In some episodes and Nicktoons MLB, Perch is colored light orange with a red coat. His name was first revealed in "The SpongeBob SquarePants Movie" as he announced the arrival of the Krusty Krab 2.
Harold SquarePants (Tom Kenny) and Margaret SquarePants (Sirena Irwin) are SpongeBob's parents, who more resemble sea sponges rather than SpongeBob's shape as a kitchen sponge. Harold is brown with glasses and a moustache, while Margaret is dark orange. They seem to live outside of Bikini Bottom, since SpongeBob says "Goodbye Bikini Bottom!" when he almost moves back to his parents' home in "Home Sweet Pineapple".
Squilliam Fancyson (Dee Bradley Baker) is Squidward Tentacles's arrogant and wealthy arch-rival who has been able to succeed in everything Squidward has only dreamed of doing. He and Squidward quarrel in the series on many occasions and Squidward normally does not win over his rival. Though sometimes mistaken as a relative of Squidward due to their similarities, they were band classmates in high school and are not related. Squilliam owns a ridiculously large, almost castle-like four-stories mansion including an elevator with a built-in bathtub, toilets with gold toilet paper, and an expansive garden on the rooftop.
Mrs. Betsy Krabs (Paul Tibbitt first two appearances/Sirena Irwin subsequent appearances) is Mr. Krabs' overbearing mother who still treats him slightly like a kid and first appeared in "Sailor Mouth". Plankton has a small crush on her in "Enemy in Law".
Man Ray (John Rhys-Davies/Bob Joles) and the Dirty Bubble (Charles Nelson Reilly/Tom Kenny) are villains against Mermaid Man and Barnacle Boy. Man Ray has a man's body with a helmet shaped to look like a stingray's head, which hides the fact that he does not have a head, while the Dirty Bubble is a giant dirty bubble with a villainous face. Man Ray retires as supervillain in the episode he is introduced in, "Mermaid Man and Barnacle Boy III", and seems to have taken a benevolent path as seen in "Shuffleboarding", though he sometimes takes the job again, such as in "Mermaid Man and Barnacle Boy V". Charles Nelson Reilly originally voiced the Dirty Bubble, but Tom Kenny has portrayed the character since Reilly's death in 2007.
Grandma SquarePants (Marion Ross) is SpongeBob's paternal grandmother. She has six children with her late husband, whose wisdom SpongeBob sometimes cites when he plans something. She is a stereotypical grand mom, always spoiling SpongeBob whenever he visits her house with cookies, milk, sweater, and bedtime stories, even though SpongeBob, as he puts it, is already an adult.
Old Man Jenkins (Tom Kenny/Doug Lawrence/Dee Bradley Baker) is an elderly fish who used to live in the Rusty Krab rest home before it became the Krusty Krab restaurant. He currently resides at Shady Shoals Retirement Home along with Mermaid Man and Barnacle Boy. His appearance changes in almost every episode he appears. One of his critical appearances is in "The Sponge Who Could Fly" wherein he plays a farmer, a sailor, and finally, a human cannonball. He is friends with Mama Krabs, as revealed in "Sailor Mouth" and "Friend or Foe?" He believe SpongeBob is a Bran Flakes box.
King Neptune (John O'Hurley/Kevin Michael Richardson/Jeffrey Tambor/Billy West) is a nigh-omnipotent, trident-wielding merman god who rules the sea, based on the mythological deity of the same name. In the series, Neptune lives in a palace in Atlantis with his wife, Amphitrite, and son, Triton. He is usually portrayed as arrogant and selfish, showing little sympathy for the sea's fish populace. For example, he challenges SpongeBob to a cooking duel designed to be impossible for SpongeBob to win in "Neptune's Spatula", and he corrupts his son Triton, who does care about the fish populace at first, to become like him in "Clash of Triton". Neptune has a mostly blue-green color scheme with a long brown beard and hair. A different King Neptune is featured in The SpongeBob SquarePants Movie. In the film, he resides near Bikini Bottom with his daughter, Mindy, and he resembles a green-skinned, Western European king with stereotypical king's robes, neatly-trimmed hair, a domed crown to cover his bald spot, and powers limited to what can be exercised through his trident.
Jellyfish are recurring characters. They reside in Jellyfish Fields, a meadow in Bikini Bottom, and have a strong affinity for music. The creatures, which behave like sentient insects in the SpongeBob SquarePants universe, squirt jelly, buzz and swarm like bees, and can sting their enemies with electric-like shocks that leave painful welts.

text: Minor characters[edit]

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The French Narrator (Tom Kenny) is the one who narrates in certain episodes, usually at the beginning and the end, and also the time cards. He has a thick French accent. He has only been seen on screen once, in the episode "No Free Rides", in which SpongeBob hits a scuba diver with a camera, who is heavily implied to be the narrator. In "Can You Spare a Dime?", the narrator is briefly replaced by an English-accented narrator who reads a transition card with this caption: "So much later that the old narrator got tired of waiting and they had to hire a new one".
The Alaskan Bull Worm (voiced by Dee Bradley Baker) is a giant worm that terrorizes Bikini Bottom in "Sandy, SpongeBob, and the Worm".
Angry Jack (voiced by Dee Snider) is the owner of a pet emporium in "Shell Shocked". He initially puts up his angry demeanor as a marketing stint, but when SpongeBob accidentally destroys his emporium, he becomes infuriated.
The Atomic Flounder is a villain, known for blasting radioactive beams from his mouth.
Blackjack SquarePants (voiced by John DiMaggio) is SpongeBob's cousin who has bullied him since childhood. In his lone appearance, Blackjack was imprisoned for littering but has since been released.
Bubble Bass (voiced by Dee Bradley Baker) is an obese green bass who first appeared in the episode "Pickles". He challenges SpongeBob's ability to cook when the latter apparently forgets to place pickles on his Krabby Patty (he actually hides them under his tongue), making SpongeBob briefly doubt himself. He makes brief appearances in the episodes "F.U.N.", "Plankton's Good Eye", "Larry's Gym", and has a supporting role in "Bulletin Board".
Bubble Buddy (Mr. Lawrence) is a humanoid bubble created by SpongeBob in "Bubble Buddy". His apparent inanimateness annoys other people of Bikini Bottom, but he is later revealed to be a sentient being before moving out of the town by a taxi-shaped bubble.
Bubbles (voiced by Matt Berry, Jeff Bennett in the video game SpongeBob HeroPants) is a god-like dolphin who is the overseer of the universe, watching them from a triangular building in the space. SpongeBob and Plankton accidentally end up in his audience while using the time machine in The SpongeBob Movie: Sponge Out of Water.
Burger-Beard the Pirate (portrayed by Antonio Banderas) is a pirate who, upon discovering a book capable of rewriting reality, steals the Krabby Patty formula to open up a fast food drive-in while also changing Bikini Bottom into a wasteland. He appeared as the main antagonist of The SpongeBob Movie: Sponge Out of Water.
Charlie is a fish often as a background character in the show. His name was revealed in while he was in a TV commercial with Mr. Magic endorsing a product called "Mr. Magic's Magical Magic Kit".
Craig Mammalton (voiced by Dee Bradley Baker) is a seal who is popular among the Goo Lagoon-goers for his tanned skin and golden caramel brown bones. In "Sun Bleached", he holds parties during the night that only permits those with tanned skin to enter, the highest level of which is bleached skin. He is a parody of George Hamilton.
The Cyclops (voiced by Neil Ross and portrayed by Aaron Hendry) is a marine diver who is always seen wearing a diving suit and helmet, appearing only in The SpongeBob SquarePants Movie. He is actually a normal adult man; however, because humans tower virtually all sea life, Mindy describes him as "the worst of all hazards". He is the owner of "Shell City", which is really the name of a seaside gift and souvenir shop.
Dennis (voiced by Alec Baldwin) is a hitman hired by Plankton to assassinate SpongeBob and Patrick before they are able to retrieve King Neptune's Crown from Shell City. Before he manages to do that, however, he is first stomped by the Cyclops, then hit by a pier. He only appeared in The SpongeBob SquarePants Movie.
DoodleBob (voiced by Paul Tibbitt) is a hand-drawing created by SpongeBob in his image using a human pencil, which is seemingly able to animate anything it draws. He is known to act and speak like a stoner often known to say "Me Hoy Minoy" and other words like "Noy". He appears in "Frankendoodle", serving as the antagonist until SpongeBob manages to trap him inside a book. He also featured as the main villain to defeat in the Drawn to Life: SpongeBob SquarePants Edition video game.
Flats the Flounder (voiced by Thomas F. Wilson) is a green flounder who is a classmate of SpongeBob in the Boating School as revealed in "The Bully". He wants to kick SpongeBob's "butt" for no apparent reason, though SpongeBob takes it as if he wants to murder him.
Frankie Billy is an olive green fish and another character model for the series. His first name was revealed in "Sun Bleached" and his last name was revealed in "Professor Squidward" when Squidward asks how he likes putting his name on the board. He first appears in the Season 2 episode, "Life of Crime", and eventually a couple Season 3 episodes and appears more and more in Season 4-present episodes.
Fred[11] (voiced by Mr. Lawrence/Dee Bradley Baker/Thomas F. Wilson), better known as the character who shouts "My leg!" when injured, is a brown fish who was one of the first of the generic character models to appear in the series. He first appears in "Reef Blower", but his famous line, a running gag in the series, is not heard until "Boating School".
Gene Scallop (voiced by Gene Shalit) is a food critic who critiques the Krusty Krab in "The Krusty Sponge". He gives a bad review on everything except for SpongeBob, whose popularity is exploited by Mr. Krabs by remaking the Krusty Krab to have a SpongeBob theme. He is modeled after his voice actor, a real-life book and film critic.
Gordon (voiced by Ian McShane) is the leader of a band of Vikings who kidnaps SpongeBob and Squidward in "Dear Vikings". Apparently, except for himself, all of his crewmen are named "Olaf".
Grandpa Redbeard (voiced by Dennis Quaid) is Mr. Krabs' pirate paternal grandfather. In "Grandpappy the Pirate", he visits his grandson, thinking that the latter is also a pirate instead of the owner of a restaurant, and Mr. Krabs as such tries hard to disguise the Krusty Krab as a pirate ship during his visit.
Granny (voiced by Amy Poehler) is an elderly fish who appeared in "Have You Seen This Snail?" She has taken in many snails so she could eat them and take their shells, first by force-feeding them. She "adopts" Gary as her new victim, but the latter manages to escape.
Harold (Mr. Lawrence/Dee Bradley Baker/Clancy Brown) is a blue fish with a shark-like fin, spiky teeth, a white T-shirt and a red speedo. His name was revealed in both "Have You Seen This Snail?" and in "Roller Cowards" when Tina Fran says his name. His first appearance was in "Ripped Pants".
The Hash Slinging Slasher is a fictional fry cook created by Squidward to scare SpongeBob in "Graveyard Shift". According to him, the Slasher was SpongeBob's predecessor in Krusty Krab who replaced his hand with a spatula after it burned, was hit by a bus, and was fired on his funeral. Three signs are said to herald his coming: lights flickering on and off; unanswered phone ringing; and the bus that hit him arriving to deliver him.
Herb and Margie Star are Patrick's parents. Their identities are temporarily taken by another starfish couple, Marty and Janet (voiced by Susan Boyajian) in "I'm With Stupid". In "Rule of Dumb", it is revealed that Herb is a brother of Gary's father, Sluggo, making Patrick and Gary first cousins.
The Invicibubble, Mr. Superawesomes, Sour Note, Sir Pinch-A-Lot, The Rodent and Plank-Ton (voiced by Tom Kenny, Bill Fagerbakke, Rodger Bumpass, Clancy Brown, Carolyn Lawrence, and Mr. Lawrence) are SpongeBob, Patrick, Squidward, Mr. Krabs, Sandy and Plankton's superheroes who appeared only in "The SpongeBob Movie: Sponge Out of Water".
Jack Kahuna Laguna (voiced by Johnny Depp) is a legendary human-like surfer who appeared in "SpongeBob SquarePants vs. The Big One". He teaches SpongeBob and his friends how to surf so they can go back home and fend off from a tidal wave known as "The Big One".
Jim (voiced by Patton Oswalt) is Krusty Krab's original fry cook, as revealed in "The Original Fry Cook", whose cooking is legendary throughout Bikini Bottom. Jim left the Krusty Krab after Mr. Krabs declined to provide him with a higher salary. Jim is shown to be a better cook than SpongeBob.
Lord Royal Highness (voiced by David Bowie) is the king of Atlantis in "Atlantis Squarepantis". He invites SpongeBob and his friends for a visit to Atlantis after they find the lost piece of the coin, but eventually regrets it since they (especially Patrick) end up popping the longest living bubble accidentally with a camera flash.
Mama Tentacles (voiced by Rodger Bumpass) is Squidward's elderly mother. In earlier episodes, she only appeared as hallucinations tormenting Squidward in "Fools in April" and "Ghost Host", although she later appeared in person in "Krusty Towers", where she is shown to live in a moai-shaped house like Squidward, but with a womanish curly hair-like structure on its head and earring-like balls hanging from its ears.
Master Udon (voiced by Pat Morita) is an old karate master who appeared in "Karate Island". He is actually a scammer who wants people to invest in his condominium project, disguising it as the "King of Karate" crowning that he presents to SpongeBob.
Monroe Timmy (Dee Bradley Baker/Sara Paxton) is one of the few children on the show. He is a small, orange fish who wears a pair of green shorts. His name was revealed in "Krabby Land". He has also been seen in "Mid-Life Crustacean", "Born Again Krabs", and "Giant Squidward".
The Moth (voiced by Mark Hamill) is a supervillain moth and an enemy of Mermaid Man and Barnacle Boy who appeared in "Night Light". Even though he is minuscule, he has the strength to carry both SpongeBob's house and a lighthouse.
Nancy Suzy Fish (Sirena Irwin/Grey DeLisle/Carolyn Lawrence) is an often seen, but infrequently heard, yellow dress-wearing, white-haired fish with gray skin. Her name was originally revealed as Nancy in "Mermaid Man and Barnacle Boy V", but in "Good Ol' Whatshisname" her name is Suzy Fish.
Nat Peterson (voiced by Dee Bradley Baker/Tom Kenny) is a male yellow fish that is a common background character on the show. His last name is revealed in "Missing Identity", and his first name was revealed in "Plankton's Regular" and "House Fancy", his biggest role to date. He is usually seen as a bus driver.
Nicholas Withers (voiced by Alton Brown) is the presenter of the popular lifestyle television show, House Fancy. He is pending on an award for Best Architecture during the episode that features Squilliam's house; he eventually gives it to Squidward due to the "creative" design of his ruined house.
Painty The Pirate (voiced by Patrick Pinney and Peter Shukoff) is the painting of a pirate that appears during the opening theme song at the beginning of each episode. Peter Shukoff voiced Painty once for a scene involving a rap battle in The SpongeBob Movie: Sponge Out of Water.
PanSponge and SimiPatrick (voiced by Tom Kenny and Bill Fagerbakke) are SpongeBob and Patrick's prehistoric ancestors. They learn jellyfishing from Squidward, which ends up passing over to their current descendants.
Princess Mindy (Scarlett Johansson) is King Neptune's daughter. She is Patrick's love interest. She is a motherly and friendly person and a very good friend of SpongeBob and Patrick. Her only appearance was in The SpongeBob SquarePants Movie.
Prince Triton (voiced by Sebastian Bach) is the teenage son of King Neptune who appeared in "The Clash of Triton". He initially wants to be a normal fish like everyone else, but his father convinces him otherwise.
Queen Amphitrite (voiced by Victoria Beckham/Lori Alan) is King Neptune's wife and Triton's mother who is worried by her son's attitude of not wanting to inherit the throne.
Sally (Sirena Irwin/Carolyn Lawrence/Doug Lawrence) is a light yellow butterfly tang fish.
Sandals Fishbowl (Dee Bradley Baker/Tom Kenny) is a light olive green colored fish.
Scooter (Carlos Alazraqui/Clancy Brown/Dee Bradley Baker) is a fish who enjoys surfing. He died and became an angel in the second-season episode "Bubble Buddy", although he returned for future episodes. In the show's early episodes, Scooter spoke like a stereotypical southern Californian but soon he started speaking normal. He is most often seen at Goo Lagoon.
The Sea Bear (Dee Bradley Baker) is a creature that appears in the episode "The Camping Episode". During that episode, SpongeBob and Patrick try to convince Squidward that the sea bear exists.
Sea Monster (voiced by Gene Simmons) is a lizard-like sea monster who appeared in "20,000 Patties Under the Sea", having slept for 79 years, and demands SpongeBob and Patrick to sell him food in exchange for giant dollar bucks.
The Sea Rhinoceros (Dee Bradley Baker) is a creature that appears in the episode "The Camping Episode".
Sergeant Roderick (voiced by Robin Sachs) is a strict drill sergeant who temporarily replaces Mrs. Puff as driving instructor for her boating school in "Mrs. Puff, You're Fired".
Uncle Sherm SquarePants is SpongeBob's uncle and Stanley's father.
SpongeBuck SquarePants, Patrick Revere, Pecos Patrick, Rosie Cheeks, Dead Eye Plankton, William Krabs, Hopalong Tentacles, and Polene Puff (voiced by Tom Kenny, Bill Fagerbakke (both Patrick and Pecos), Carolyn Lawrence, Mr. Lawrence, Clancy Brown, Rodger Bumpass, and Mary Jo Catlett) are SpongeBob, Patrick (both Patrick and Pecos), Sandy, Plankton, Mr. Krabs, Squidward, and Mrs. Puff's wild west ancestors who appeared in "Pest of the West".
SpongeGar, Patar, and Squog (voiced by Tom Kenny, Bill Fagerbakke, and Rodger Bumpass, respectively) are SpongeBob, Patrick, and Squidward's neolithic ancestors, respectively, who appeared in "Ugh". While still not being able to speak intelligibly, they are more advanced than the primitive ancestors in "SB-129", as they are shown to use stone tools and fire. Also appearing in the episode are Primitive Gary (voiced by Tom Kenny), Gary's gigantic ancestor and SpongeGar's pet, and Primitive Krabs (voiced by Clancy Brown), Mr. Krabs' tiny ancestor who repeatedly chants "money".
SpongeTron and Patron (voiced by Tom Kenny and Bill Fagerbakke, respectively) are SpongeBob and Patrick's robotic descendants who appear in "SB-129". SpongeTron has 486 clones, each one named after a letter of the English alphabet from 2,000 years in the future, while Patron has two heads.
The Squidasaurus Rex (Rodger Bumpass) is a dinosaur form of Squidward. He appeared only in The SpongeBob Movie: Sponge Out of Water.
Squidly Tentacles, King Krabs, Princess Pearl, Dark Knight, Planktonamor, and Karen the Crystal Ball (voiced by Rodger Bumpass, Clancy Brown, Lori Alan, Carolyn Lawrence, Mr. Lawrence, and Jill Talley, respectively) are the medieval counterparts of Squidward, Mr. Krabs, Pearl, Sandy, Plankton, and Karen, respectively, in "Dunces and Dragons". Planktonamor additionally keeps a pet, the Dragon Jellyfish, who is a giant jellyfish with a mane and a tail.
Stanley SquarePants (voiced by Christopher Guest) is SpongeBob's cousin who appears solely in the season-five episode "Stanley S. SquarePants". SpongeBob receives Stanley in a package sent by one of his uncles, who is relieved to have sent Stanley, since he would destroy anything he touches. True to this, despite SpongeBob trying to teach him, Stanley constantly destroys everything and almost makes SpongeBob lose his job. To counteract this, Mr. Krabs sends Stanley to work with Plankton, destroying the Chum Bucket in the process.
Tattletale Strangler (voiced by Thomas F. Wilson) is a criminal fish who is detained for repeatedly strangling someone and promises to strangle SpongeBob when the latter has him arrested in "SpongeBob Meets the Strangler".
Tina Fran (voiced by Carolyn Lawrence/Sirena Irwin) is a pretty light red fish who wears a blue dress and skirt. She is one of Pearl Krabs' friends seen in "Squeaky Boots". Her name is revealed in "Hall Monitor", where she attended Mrs. Puff's Boating School.
Tom (Mr. Lawrence/Dee Bradley Baker) is a green fish who wears a purple shirt and who serves as another generic character model for the show. He plays a heightened role, however, in the episode "Chocolate with Nuts".
Warden (voiced by R. Lee Ermey) is the head prison warden of the Inferno Island prison, appearing in "The Inmates of Summer". His demeanor is a stereotype of a drill sergeant: strict, demanding, and always speaking in a loud tone.
What Zit Tooya (voiced by Dee Bradley Baker) is a middle-aged fish who appeared in "Good Ol' Whatshisname". He is the last customer whose name SpongeBob and Squidward need so they could receive Mr. Krabs' promised tour guide. His name is a pun on "What's it to ya?", which causes confusion on Squidward's part.
The Yeti Crab is a crab in one of Mr. Krab's stories, but turns out to be real.

text: Reception[edit]

text: The characters of SpongeBob SquarePants have been well-received overall. The titular character SpongeBob has become very popular with children and adults. The character's popularity has spread from Nickelodeon's original demographic of two- to eleven-year-olds, to teenagers and adults,[12] including college campuses and celebrities such as Sigourney Weaver and Bruce Willis.[13] The popularity of SpongeBob translated well into sales figures. In 2002, SpongeBob SquarePants dolls sold at a rate of 75,000 per week, which was faster than Tickle Me Elmo dolls were selling at the time.[13] SpongeBob has gained popularity in Japan, specifically with Japanese women. Nickelodeon's parent company Viacom purposefully targeted marketing at women in the country as a method of building the SpongeBob SquarePants brand. Skeptics initially doubted that SpongeBob could be popular in Japan as the character's design is very different from already popular designs for Hello Kitty and Pikachu.[14] However, the characters have also attracted negative reception, including SpongeBob himself, who was listed as number four on AskMen's Top 10: Irritating '90s Cartoon Characters. Nevertheless, SpongeBob SquarePants was ranked ninth on TV Guide's top 50 cartoon characters.[15]

text: Arthur Brown, author of Everything I Need to Know, I Learned from Cartoons!, has compared Squidward's voice to that of Jack Benny's.[16]

text: Appearances in other media[edit]

text: The characters of SpongeBob SquarePants have been parodied various times in popular culture. In 2007, the Amsterdam-based company Boom Chicago created a SpongeBob parody called "SpongeBob SquarePants in China", in which a stereotypically Chinese Patrick refuses to go to work and advocates freedom of speech, rights of leisure, and income.[17] During the same year, production company Camp Chaos created a SpongeBob parody titled SpongeBong HempPants, which features five of the series' characters parodied in the form of various drugs. The show was seen on VH1 and Comedy Central.[18] The series has received mixed reviews from television critics; Adam Finley of TV Squad believed the series sounded "hilarious on paper", but ultimately did not demonstrate its full potential.[18] SpongeBob and Patrick were also referenced in Phineas and Ferb, when the characters of the Disney show dug a hole and found a sponge and a seastar. SpongeBob and Patrick also have an appearance in the Disney show Good Luck Charlie when Charlie's parents have a pink square and a yellow star puppet and are performing a potty training show on a fake television set. SpongeBob has made some appearances in TV shows such as The Simpsons, Family Guy, Robot Chicken, Mad, South Park, Futurama, and The Cleveland Show. Wooldoor Sockbat from Comedy Central's Drawn Together is a parody of SpongeBob, and he even has theme music similar to the background music from SpongeBob.


document_title: List of Chief Justices of India

question_text: who is the chief justice of high court of india at present

root

text: List of Chief Justices of India

text: List of Chief Justices[edit]

text: Federal Court of India (1937-1950)[edit]

text: The Federal Court came into being on 1 September 1937. The seat of the court was the Chamber of Princes in the Parliament building in Delhi. It began with a Chief Justice and two puisne judges. The first Chief Justice was Sir Maurice Gwyer and the other two judges were Sir Shah Muhammad Sulaiman and M. R. Jayakar. It functioned until the establishment of the Supreme Court of India on 28 January 1950.

tag: p

text: Supreme Court of India (1950-present)[edit]

text:
Number

Name

Period of office

Length of term (days)

Bar

Appointed by

1

Sir Maurice Gwyer

1 October 1937

25 April 1943‡

2,032

Inner Temple

The Marquess of Linlithgow

Acting

Sir Srinivas Vardachariar

25 April 1943

7 June 1943

43

2

Sir Patrick Spens

7 June 1943

14 August 1947

1,529

Inner Temple

3

Sir H. J. Kania

14 August 1947

26 January 1950

896

Bombay High Court

The Viscount Mountbatten of Burma

tag: table

text: ‡ – Date of Resignation

text: Supreme Court of India[edit]

text: Since the birth of the Republic of India on 26 January 1950, 45 people have served as the Chief Justice of India (CJI).[1] While H. J. Kania is the inaugural CJI, the current incumbent is Dipak Misra who was appointed as Chief Justice of India on 28 August 2017. Justice Y. V. Chandrachud is the longest serving Chief Justice (February 1978 - July 1985).

text:
Number

Name

Period of office

Length of term (days)

Bar

Appointer (President of India)

1

H J Kania

26 January 1950

6 November 1951‡‡

649

Bombay High Court

Rajendra Prasad

2

M. Patanjali Sastri

7 November 1951

3 January 1954

788

Madras High Court

3

Mehr Chand Mahajan

4 January 1954

22 December 1954

352

Punjab and Haryana High Court

4

Bijan Kumar Mukherjea

23 December 1954

31 January 1956‡

404

Calcutta High Court

5

Sudhi Ranjan Das

1 February 1956

30 September 1959

1337

Calcutta High Court

6

Bhuvaneshwar Prasad Sinha

1 October 1959

31 January 1964

1583

Patna High Court

7

P. B. Gajendragadkar

1 February 1964

15 March 1966

773

Bombay High Court

Sarvepalli Radhakrishnan

8

Amal Kumar Sarkar

16 March 1966

29 June 1966

105

Calcutta High Court

9

Koka Subba Rao

30 June 1966

11 April 1967‡

285

Madras High Court

10

Kailas Nath Wanchoo

12 April 1967

24 February 1968

318

Allahabad High Court

11

Mohammad Hidayatullah[2]

25 February 1968

16 December 1970

1025

Bombay High Court

Zakir Hussain

12

Jayantilal Chhotalal Shah

17 December 1970

21 January 1971

35

Bombay High Court

Varahagiri Venkata Giri

13

Sarv Mittra Sikri

22 January 1971

25 April 1973

824

Lahore High Court

14

Ajit Nath Ray

26 April 1973

27 January 1977

1372

Calcutta High Court

15

Mirza Hameedullah Beg

28 January 1977

21 February 1978

389

Allahabad High Court

Fakhruddin Ali Ahmed

16

Yeshwant Vishnu Chandrachud

22 February 1978

11 July 1985

2696

Bombay High Court

Neelam Sanjiva Reddy

17

Prafullachandra Natwarlal Bhagwati

12 July 1985

20 December 1986

526

Gujarat High Court

Gyani Zail Singh

18

Raghunandan Swarup Pathak

21 December 1986

18 June 1989‡

940

Allahabad High Court

19

Engalaguppe Seetharamiah Venkataramiah

19 June 1989

17 December 1989

181

Karnataka High Court

Ramaswamy Venkataraman

20

Sabyasachi Mukharji

18 December 1989

25 September 1990‡‡

281

Calcutta High Court

21

Ranganath Misra

26 September 1990

24 November 1991

424

Odisha High Court

22

Kamal Narain Singh

25 November 1991

12 December 1991

17

Allahabad High Court

23

Madhukar Hiralal Kania

13 December 1991

17 November 1992

340

Bombay High Court

24

Lalit Mohan Sharma

18 November 1992

11 February 1993

85

Patna High Court

Shankar Dayal Sharma

25

Manepalli Narayana Rao Venkatachaliah

12 February 1993

24 October 1994

619

Karnataka High Court

26

Aziz Mushabber Ahmadi

25 October 1994

24 March 1997

881

Gujarat High Court

27

Jagdish Sharan Verma

25 March 1997

17 January 1998

298

Madhya Pradesh High Court

28

Madan Mohan Punchhi

18 January 1998

9 October 1998

264

Punjab and Haryana High Court

Kocheril Raman Narayanan

29

Adarsh Sein Anand

10 October 1998

31 October 2001

1,117

Jammu and Kashmir High Court

30

Sam Piroj Bharucha

1 November 2001

5 May 2002

185

Bombay High Court

31

Bhupinder Nath Kirpal

6 May 2002

7 November 2002

185

Delhi High Court

32

Gopal Ballav Pattanaik

8 November 2002

18 December 2002

40

Odisha High Court

A. P. J. Abdul Kalam

33

V. N. Khare

19 December 2002

1 May 2004

499

Allahabad High Court

34

S. Rajendra Babu

2 May 2004

31 May 2004

29

Karnataka High Court

35

Ramesh Chandra Lahoti

1 June 2004

31 October 2005

517

Madhya Pradesh High Court

36

Yogesh Kumar Sabharwal

1 November 2005

13 January 2007

438

Delhi High Court

37

K. G. Balakrishnan

14 January 2007

12 May 2010

1,214

Kerala High Court

38

S. H. Kapadia

12 May 2010

28 September 2012

870

Bombay High Court

Pratibha Patil

39

Altamas Kabir

29 September 2012

18 July 2013

292

Calcutta High Court

Pranab Mukherjee

40

P. Sathasivam

19 July 2013

26 April 2014

281

Madras High Court

41

Rajendra Mal Lodha

27 April 2014

27 September 2014

153

Rajasthan High Court

42

H. L. Dattu

28 September 2014

2 December 2015

430

Karnataka High Court

43

T. S. Thakur

3 December 2015

3 January 2017

397

Jammu and Kashmir High Court

44

Jagdish Singh Khehar

4 January 2017

27 August 2017

236

Punjab and Haryana High Court

45

Dipak Misra

28 August 2017

Incumbent

359

Odisha High Court

Ram Nath Kovind

text: Notes[edit]

text:
‡ - Date of Resignation
‡‡ - Date of Death

tag: ul


document_title: San Andreas Fault

question_text: what causes earthquakes in the san andreas fault

text: San Andreas Fault

text: Fault zones[edit]

text: Northern[edit]

text: The northern segment of the fault runs from Hollister, through the Santa Cruz Mountains, epicenter of the 1989 Loma Prieta earthquake, then up the San Francisco Peninsula, where it was first identified by Professor Lawson in 1895, then offshore at Daly City near Mussel Rock. This is the approximate location of the epicenter of the 1906 San Francisco earthquake. The fault returns onshore at Bolinas Lagoon just north of Stinson Beach in Marin County. It returns underwater through the linear trough of Tomales Bay which separates the Point Reyes Peninsula from the mainland, runs just east of Bodega Head through Bodega Bay and back underwater, returning onshore at Fort Ross. (In this region around the San Francisco Bay Area several significant "sister faults" run more-or-less parallel, and each of these can create significantly destructive earthquakes.) From Fort Ross, the northern segment continues overland, forming in part a linear valley through which the Gualala River flows. It goes back offshore at Point Arena. After that, it runs underwater along the coast until it nears Cape Mendocino, where it begins to bend to the west, terminating at the Mendocino Triple Junction.

text: Central[edit]

text: The central segment of the San Andreas Fault runs in a northwestern direction from Parkfield to Hollister. While the southern section of the fault and the parts through Parkfield experience earthquakes, the rest of the central section of the fault exhibits a phenomenon called aseismic creep, where the fault slips continuously without causing earthquakes.

text: Southern[edit]

text: The southern segment (also known as the Mojave segment) begins near Bombay Beach, California. Box Canyon, near the Salton Sea, contains upturned strata associated with that section of the fault.[4] The fault then runs along the southern base of the San Bernardino Mountains, crosses through the Cajon Pass and continues northwest along the northern base of the San Gabriel Mountains. These mountains are a result of movement along the San Andreas Fault and are commonly called the Transverse Range. In Palmdale, a portion of the fault is easily examined at a roadcut for the Antelope Valley Freeway. The fault continues northwest alongside the Elizabeth Lake Road to the town of Elizabeth Lake. As it passes the towns of Gorman, Tejon Pass and Frazier Park, the fault begins to bend northward, forming the "Big Bend". This restraining bend is thought to be where the fault locks up in Southern California, with an earthquake-recurrence interval of roughly 140–160 years. Northwest of Frazier Park, the fault runs through the Carrizo Plain, a long, treeless plain where much of the fault is plainly visible. The Elkhorn Scarp defines the fault trace along much of its length within the plain.

text: The southern segment, which stretches from Parkfield in Monterey County all the way to the Salton Sea, is capable of an 8.1-magnitude earthquake. At its closest, this fault passes about 35 miles (56 km) to the northeast of Los Angeles. Such a large earthquake on this southern segment would kill thousands of people in Los Angeles, San Bernardino, Riverside, and surrounding areas, and cause hundreds of billions of dollars in damage.[5]

text: Plate boundaries[edit]

text: This section needs additional citations for verification. Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. (December 2015) (Learn how and when to remove this template message)

text: The Pacific Plate, to the west of the fault, is moving in a northwest direction while the North American Plate to the east is moving toward the southwest, but relatively southeast under the influence of plate tectonics. The rate of slippage averages about 33 to 37 millimeters (1.3 to 1.5 in) a year across California.[6]

text: The southwestward motion of the North American Plate towards the Pacific is creating compressional forces along the eastern side of the fault. The effect is expressed as the Coast Ranges. The northwest movement of the Pacific Plate is also creating significant compressional forces which are especially pronounced where the North American Plate has forced the San Andreas to jog westward. This has led to the formation of the Transverse Ranges in Southern California, and to a lesser but still significant extent, the Santa Cruz Mountains (the location of the Loma Prieta earthquake in 1989).

text: Studies of the relative motions of the Pacific and North American plates have shown that only about 75 percent of the motion can be accounted for in the movements of the San Andreas and its various branch faults. The rest of the motion has been found in an area east of the Sierra Nevada mountains called the Walker Lane or Eastern California Shear Zone. The reason for this is not clear. Several hypotheses have been offered and research is ongoing. One hypothesis – which gained interest following the Landers earthquake in 1992 – suggests the plate boundary may be shifting eastward away from the San Andreas towards Walker Lane.

text: Assuming the plate boundary does not change as hypothesized, projected motion indicates that the landmass west of the San Andreas Fault, including Los Angeles, will eventually slide past San Francisco, then continue northwestward toward the Aleutian Trench, over a period of perhaps twenty million years.

text: Formation[edit]

text: The San Andreas began to form in the mid Cenozoic about 30 Mya (million years ago).[7] At this time, a spreading center between the Pacific Plate and the Farallon Plate (which is now mostly subducted, with remnants including the Juan de Fuca Plate, Rivera Plate, Cocos Plate, and the Nazca Plate) was beginning to reach the subduction zone off the western coast of North America. As the relative motion between the Pacific and North American Plates was different from the relative motion between the Farallon and North American Plates, the spreading ridge began to be "subducted", creating a new relative motion and a new style of deformation along the plate boundaries. These geological features are what are chiefly seen along San Andreas Fault. It also includes a possible driver for the deformation of the Basin and Range, separation of the Baja California Peninsula, and rotation of the Transverse Range.

text: The main southern section of the San Andreas Fault proper has only existed for about 5 million years.[8] The first known incarnation of the southern part of the fault was Clemens Well-Fenner-San Francisquito fault zone around 22–13 Ma. This system added the San Gabriel Fault as a primary focus of movement between 10–5 Ma. Currently, it is believed that the modern San Andreas will eventually transfer its motion toward a fault within the Eastern California Shear Zone. This complicated evolution, especially along the southern segment, is mostly caused by either the "Big Bend" and/or a difference in the motion vector between the plates and the trend of the fault and it surrounding branches.

text: Study[edit]

text: Early years[edit]

text: The fault was first identified in Northern California by UC Berkeley geology professor Andrew Lawson in 1895 and named by him after the Laguna de San Andreas, a small lake which lies in a linear valley formed by the fault just south of San Francisco. Eleven years later, Lawson discovered that the San Andreas Fault stretched southward into southern California after reviewing the effects of the 1906 San Francisco earthquake. Large-scale (hundreds of miles) lateral movement along the fault was first proposed in a 1953 paper by geologists Mason Hill and Thomas Dibblee. This idea, which was considered radical at the time, has since been vindicated by modern plate tectonics.[9]

text: Current research[edit]

text: Seismologists discovered that the San Andreas Fault near Parkfield in central California consistently produces a magnitude 6.0 earthquake approximately once every 22 years. Following recorded seismic events in 1857, 1881, 1901, 1922, 1934, and 1966, scientists predicted that another earthquake should occur in Parkfield in 1993. It eventually occurred in 2004. Due to the frequency of predictable activity, Parkfield has become one of the most important areas in the world for large earthquake research.

text: In 2004, work began just north of Parkfield on the San Andreas Fault Observatory at Depth (SAFOD). The goal of SAFOD is to drill a hole nearly 3 kilometres (1.9 mi) into the Earth's crust and into the San Andreas Fault. An array of sensors will be installed to record earthquakes that happen near this area.[10]

text: The San Andreas Fault System has been the subject of a flood of studies. In particular, scientific research performed during the last 23 years has given rise to about 3,400 publications.[11]

text: The next "Big One"[edit]

text: A study published in 2006 in the journal Nature found that the San Andreas fault has reached a sufficient stress level for an earthquake of magnitude greater than 7.0 on the moment magnitude scale to occur.[13] This study also found that the risk of a large earthquake may be increasing more rapidly than scientists had previously believed. Moreover, the risk is currently concentrated on the southern section of the fault, i.e. the region around Los Angeles, because massive earthquakes have occurred relatively recently on the central (1857) and northern (1906) segments of the fault, while the southern section has not seen any similar rupture for at least 300 years. According to this study, a massive earthquake on that southern section of the San Andreas fault would result in major damage to the Palm Springs-Indio metropolitan area and other cities in San Bernardino, Riverside and Imperial counties in California, and Mexicali Municipality in Baja California. It would be strongly felt (and potentially cause significant damage) throughout much of Southern California, including densely populated areas of Los Angeles County, Ventura County, Orange County, San Diego County, Ensenada Municipality and Tijuana Municipality, Baja California, San Luis Rio Colorado in Sonora and Yuma, Arizona. Older buildings would be especially prone to damage or collapse, as would buildings built on unconsolidated gravel or in coastal areas where water tables are high (and thus subject to soil liquefaction). The paper concluded:

text: The information available suggests that the fault is ready for the next big earthquake but exactly when the triggering will happen and when the earthquake will occur we cannot tell [...] It could be tomorrow or it could be 10 years or more from now.[13]

text: Nevertheless, in the 11 years since that publication there has not been a substantial quake in the Los Angeles area, and two major reports issued by the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) have made variable predictions as to the risk of future seismic events. The ability to predict major earthquakes with sufficient precision to warrant increased precautions has remained elusive.[14]

text: The U.S. Geological Survey most recent forecast, known as UCERF3 (Uniform California Earthquake Rupture Forecast 3), released in November 2013, estimated that an earthquake of magnitude 6.7 M or greater (i.e. equal to or greater than the 1994 Northridge earthquake) occurs about once every 6.7 years statewide. The same report also estimated there is a 7% probability that an earthquake of magnitude 8.0 or greater will occur in the next 30 years somewhere along the San Andreas Fault.[15] A different USGS study in 2008 tried to assess the physical, social and economic consequences of a major earthquake in southern California. That study predicted that a magnitude 7.8 earthquake along the southern San Andreas Fault could cause about 1,800 deaths and $213 billion in damage.[16]

text: Cascadia connection[edit]

text: A 2008 paper, studying past earthquakes along the Pacific coastal zone, found a correlation in time between seismic events on the northern San Andreas Fault and the southern part of the Cascadia subduction zone (which stretches from Vancouver Island to northern California). Scientists believe quakes on the Cascadia subduction zone may have triggered most of the major quakes on the northern San Andreas within the past 3,000 years. The evidence also shows the rupture direction going from north to south in each of these time-correlated events. However the 1906 San Francisco earthquake seems to have been the exception to this correlation because the plate movement was moved mostly from south to north and it was not preceded by a major quake in the Cascadia zone.[17]

text: Earthquakes[edit]

text: The San Andreas Fault has had some notable earthquakes in historic times:

text:
1857 Fort Tejon earthquake: About 350 kilometers (220 mi) were ruptured in central and southern California. Though it is known as the Fort Tejon earthquake, the epicenter is thought to have been located far to the north, just south of Parkfield. Two deaths were reported. The magnitude was about 7.9.
1906 San Francisco earthquake: About 430 kilometers (270 mi) were ruptured in Northern California. The epicenter was near San Francisco. At least 3,000 people died in the earthquake and subsequent fires. The magnitude was estimated to be 7.8.
1957 San Francisco earthquake: A magnitude 5.7 quake with an epicenter on the San Andreas fault in the ocean west of San Francisco and Daly City.
1989 Loma Prieta earthquake: About 40 kilometers (25 mi) were ruptured (although the rupture did not reach the surface) near Santa Cruz, California, causing 63 deaths and moderate damage in certain vulnerable locations in the San Francisco Bay Area. Moment magnitude was about 6.9. This quake occurred on October 17, 1989, at approximately 5:04 PM PDT.
2004 Parkfield earthquake: On September 28, 2004 at 10:15 a.m. PDT, a magnitude 6.0 earthquake struck the Parkfield area. It was felt across the state, including the San Francisco Bay Area.


document_title: Qadam Qadam Badaye Ja

question_text: who has written the patriotic song kadam kadam badhaye ja khushi ke geet gaye ja

text: Qadam Qadam Badaye Ja

text:
"Qadam Qadam Badhaye Ja"
March by Ram Singh ThakurWritten
1942Text
by Pt. Vanshidhar ShuklaLanguage
Devanagari, Hindi

text: "Qadam Qadam Badhaye Ja" (Hindi: क़दम क़दम बढ़ाये जा) was the regimental quick march of the Subhas Chandra Bose's Indian National Army.  Written by Pt. Vanshidhar Shukla and composed by  Ram Singh Thakuri, it was banned in India after World War II as "seditious", which was subsequently lifted in August 1947. The song has since become a patriotic song in India, and has been re-interpreted by various Indian musicians including C. Ramachandra and A.R. Rahman. The song  is currently the regimental quickmarch of the Indian Army.[1][2]

text: Lyrics[edit]

text:
Devnagari script

Romanised Hindi

Translation (Approximate)

क़दम क़दम बढ़ाये जा
ख़ुशी के गीत गाये जा
ये ज़िंदगी है क़ौम की
तू क़ौम पे लुटाये जा

तू शेर-ए-हिन्द आगे बढ़
मरने से तू कभी न डर
उड़ा के दुश्मनों का सर
जोश-ए-वतन बढ़ाये जा

क़दम क़दम बढ़ाये जा
ख़ुशी के गीत गाये जा
ये ज़िंदगी है क़ौम की
तू क़ौम पे लुटाये जा

हिम्मत तेरी बढ़ती रहे
ख़ुदा तेरी सुनता रहे
जो सामने तेरे खड़े
तू ख़ाक़ में मिलाये जा

क़दम क़दम बढ़ाये जा
ख़ुशी के गीत गाये जा
ये ज़िंदगी है क़ौम की
तू क़ौम पे लुटाये जा

चलो दिल्ली पुकार के
क़ौमी-निशाँ संभाल के
लाल क़िले पे गाड़ के
लहराये जा लहराये जा

क़दम क़दम बढ़ाये जा
ख़ुशी के गीत गाये जा
ये ज़िंदगी है क़ौम की
तू क़ौम पे लुटाये जा

Qadam Qadam baṛāye jā
khushi kē gīt gāē jā
yē zīndagi hai qâum kī
tū qâum pē lūtāē jā

tū shēr-ē-hind āgē baṛ
marnē sē tū kabhī nā daṛ
Ūṛākē dushmanō kā  saṛ
jōsh-ē-vatan baṛāē jā

Qadam Qadam baṛāye jā
khushi kē gīt gāē jā
yē zīndagi hai qâum kī
tū qâum pē lūtāē jā

himmat tēri baṛtī rahē
khuda tērī suntā rahē
jō sāmnē tērē khaṛē
tū khāq mē milāē jā

Qadam Qadam baṛāye jā
khushi kē gīt gāē jā
yē zndagi hai qâum kī
tū qâum pē lūtāē jā

Chalō Dillī pūkār kē
qâumi-nishāñ sam.bhāl kē
Lāl qilē pē gāṛ kē
lehrāē jā lehrāē jā

Qadam qadam baṛāye jā
khushi kē geet gāē jā
yē zindagi hai qâum kī
tū qâum pē lūtāē jā

Keep stepping forward
Singing songs of happiness
This life belongs to our Nation
Keep laying it down for her

March forward You the Tiger of India
never ever be afraid to die
By Blowing away the enemy's head
Raise the spirits of your nation

Keep stepping forward
Singing songs of happiness
This life belongs to our Nation
Keep laying it down for her

Let your courage be ever increasing
May The Lord always hear you
As for those who stand in your way
Keep trampling them to dust and ashes

Keep stepping forward
Singing songs of happiness
This life belongs to our Nation
Keep laying it down for her

Let "Towards Delhi" be your war-cry
And hold the Nation's banner high
Plant it on the Red Fort
And wave it high, wave it high

Keep stepping forward
Singing songs of happiness
This life belongs to our Nation
Keep laying it down for her


document_title: Where the Wild Things Are (film)

question_text: who voices carol in where the wild things are

text: Where the Wild Things Are (film)

text: Plot[edit]

text: Max, a lonely boy[7] with an active imagination whose parents are divorced, is wearing a wolf costume and chasing his dog. His older sister, Claire, does nothing when her friends crush Max's snow fort with him inside during a snowball fight. Out of frustration, Max messes up her bedroom and destroys a frame he made for her. At school, Max's teacher teaches him and his classmates about the eventual death of the sun. Later his mother, Connie, invites her boyfriend Adrian to dinner. Max becomes upset with his mother for not coming to the fort he made in his room. He wears his wolf costume, acts like an animal, and demands to be fed. When his mother gets upset, he throws a tantrum and bites her on the shoulder. She yells at him and he runs away, scared by what transpired. At the edge of a pond, Max finds a small boat that he boards.

text: The pond soon becomes an ocean. Max, still in his wolf suit, reaches an island. He stumbles upon a group of seven large, monstrous creatures. One of them, Carol, is in the middle of a destructive tantrum caused by the departure of a female Wild Thing named K.W. As Carol wreaks havoc Max tries joining in on the mayhem, but finds himself facing the suspicious anger of the Wild Things. When they contemplate eating him, Max convinces them that he is a king with magical powers capable of bringing harmony to the group. They crown him as their new king. Shortly after, K.W. returns and Max declares a wild rumpus, in which the Wild Things smash trees and tackle each other.

text: The Wild Things introduce themselves as Carol, Ira, Judith, Alexander, Douglas, the Bull, and K.W. Soon, they pile on one another before going to sleep, with Max at the center. Carol takes Max on a tour of the island, showing him a model he built depicting what he wishes the island looked like. Inspired by this, Max orders the construction of an enormous fort, with Carol in charge of construction. When K.W. brings her two owl friends Bob and Terry to the fort, a disagreement ensues, as Carol feels they are outsiders. To release their frustrations, Max divides the tribe into "good guys" and "bad guys" for a dirt clod fight, but Alexander is hurt during the game. After an argument between K.W. and Carol, K.W. leaves once again.

text: Max finds Alexander alone in the fort. Alexander reveals that he suspected that Max is not a king with magical powers, but warns him to never let Carol know. At pre-dawn, Carol throws another tantrum — this time, about the fort, K.W.'s absence, and the eventual death of the sun, which Max talked with Carol about earlier. When Carol gets angry with Max for not doing a good job as king, Douglas tries explaining that he is "just a boy, pretending to be a wolf, pretending to be a king", exposing the truth to the rest of the Wild Things. Carol becomes enraged and rips off Douglas's right arm, though only sand pours from the wound. Carol chases Max into the forest and attempts to eat him. Max is saved by K.W., who hides him in her stomach. Max listens as Carol and K.W. argue over Carol's behavior.

text: Max finds the crushed remains of Carol's model island and leaves a token of affection for him to find. Max finds Carol and tells him he is going home because he is not a king. The other Wild Things escort Max to his boat. Carol runs to join them after finding Max's token and arrives in time to see him off. He starts to howl and Max howls back, then all the other Wild Things join in. Carol looks at K.W. and she smiles kindly at him. Returning home, Max is embraced by his mother, who gives him a bowl of soup, a piece of cake and a glass of milk and sits with him as he eats. He watches as she falls asleep.

text: Cast[edit]

text:
Max Records as Max, a lonely boy with a wild imagination.
Catherine Keener as Connie, Max's mother.
Mark Ruffalo as Adrian, Connie's boyfriend.
Pepita Emmerichs as Claire, Max's sister.
Steve Mouzakis as Max's teacher.
Max Pfeifer, Madeleine Greaves, Joshua Jay, and Ryan Corr as Claire's friends.

text: Voices[edit]

text:
James Gandolfini as Carol, an impulsive Wild Thing.
Lauren Ambrose as K.W., the loner of the group.
Chris Cooper as Douglas, a cockatoo-like peace-keeper who is Carol's best friend.
Forest Whitaker as Ira, a gentle, soft-spoken Wild Thing.
Catherine O'Hara as Judith, a Triceratops-like horned Wild Thing, who is Ira's loud, aggressive girlfriend.
Paul Dano as Alexander, a goat-like Wild Thing who is constantly ignored, belittled and mistreated.
Michael Berry Jr. as Bernard the Bull, a quiet, intimidating bull-headed Wild Thing who keeps to himself and rarely speaks.
Spike Jonze as Bob and Terry, two owls, and K.W's friends.

text: Suit performers[edit]

text:
Vincent Crowley as Carol
Alice Parkinson as K.W.
John Leary as Douglas
Sam Longley as Ira
Nick Farnell as Judith
Sonny Gerasimowicz as Alexander
Angus Sampson as Bernard the Bull

text: Production[edit]

text: Development[edit]

text: Where the Wild Things Are started its development life in the early 1980s, originally to be an animated feature by Disney that would have blended traditionally animated characters with computer-generated settings. Animators Glen Keane and John Lasseter (who later moved on to Pixar) had completed a test film to see how the animation hybridizing would work out, but the project proceeded no further.[4] Universal Studios acquired rights to the book's adaptation in 2001 and initially attempted to develop a computer-animated adaptation with Disney animator Eric Goldberg, but in 2003 the CGI concept was replaced with a live-action one, and Goldberg was replaced with Spike Jonze.[citation needed][8]

text: After years of interest from various producers, Sendak favored Spike Jonze as director, noting he was "young, interesting and had a spark that none of the others had".[9] The film was originally set for release from Universal, and a teaser of the film was attached to the studio's 2000 adaptation of How the Grinch Stole Christmas.[10] Disagreements between Universal and Sendak over Jonze's approach to the story led to a turnaround arrangement where the film's production was transferred to Warner Bros.[11]

text:
"Spike Jonze: Check. Dave Eggers: Check. Yeah Yeah Yeahs: Check. Where the Wild Things Are has all the ingredients to become the hipster equivalent of Star Wars."
—NPR, All Things Considered [12]

tag: div

text: In 2005, Jonze and Dave Eggers completed a 111-page screenplay, expanding the original ten-sentence story. On July 8, 2006, production began open auditions for the role of Max.[13] The process took months, but, eventually, Max Records was cast. Academy Award-winning make-up effects supervisor Howard Berger (The Chronicles of Narnia) turned down offers to work on the film four times. Although the book inspired him as a child to work in special effects, he felt filming it was a "horrible idea."[14] Jim Henson's Creature Shop provided the animatronic suits for the Wild Things.

text: Filming began in April 2006 at Docklands Studios Melbourne in Melbourne, Australia.[15] Jonze kept in close consultation with Sendak throughout the process, and the author approved creature designs created by Jim Henson's Creature Shop. To make the set a more comfortable environment for Max Records, Jonze encouraged the crew members to bring their children to the set. Some of them can be seen in the film's classroom scene.[16]

text: Michelle Williams was originally cast as the female Wild Thing K.W. only to leave the project after her voice "didn't match the original vision of how the Wild Thing should sound".[17] She was replaced by Lauren Ambrose, and filming continued.

text: Filming[edit]

text: In 2008, test footage was leaked onto the internet leading to mixed reactions. Jonze responded, "That was a very early test with the sole purpose of just getting some footage to Ben, our VFX supervisor, to see if our VFX plan for the faces would work." Following early fan outcry over the leaked video and rumored "scared children" in test audiences, Warner Bros. announced a year-long delay. On February 20, 2008, speculation emerged that Warner Bros. was considering reshooting the entire film.[18] then-WB president Alan F. Horn responded, "We've given him more money and, even more importantly, more time for him to work on the film. We'd like to find a common ground that represents Spike's vision but still offers a film that really delivers for a broad-based audience. No one wants to turn this into a bland, sanitized studio movie. This is a very special piece of material and we're just trying to get it right." Producer Gary Goetzman followed, "We support Spike's vision. We're helping him make the vision he wants to make."[19] At the end of 2008, Spike got together with Framestore in London to complete his movie and work with them to bring to life the performances through their animation and visual effects team. Over the course of the next six months, Spike spent time with the animators on the floor of the studio as they worked together to realise his intention for the performances that had started many years before with the voices, continued with the suit performances in Australia, and were completed in London's Soho.

text: Music[edit]

text: For the film's trailer, Arcade Fire provided a re-recorded version of the track "Wake Up" from their album Funeral.[20] The new version is not featured in the actual film or the soundtrack and has never been made available to the public.

text: During the film, various songs can be heard such as "Hideaway", "Rumpus", "Worried Shoes" and "All is Love" by Karen O, Zahida K, Anisa R K and the Kids.

text: Release and reception[edit]

text:
"Jonze unleashes his considerable creativity. The beasts are recognizable from Sendak's pages, but Jonze gives them names and distinct personalities that connect to aspects of Max's psyche and to the people he loves. Freud would adore this movie. They are vast, feathered, horned, clawed, beaked and definitely wild — irrational and dangerous, even when showing affection — and Jonze uses their threatening bulk as well as their capacity for cruelty to remind us that Max's taming of them is only temporary. For any child, it is near impossible to stay king of anything, even in fantasy."
—Mary Pols, Time magazine[21]

text: Box office[edit]

text:
The studio decided not to position the film as a children's movie and spent 70% of the advertising on broad-based and adult-driven promotion.[22]
The film was released in North America in both conventional and IMAX theaters on October 16, 2009.[23] Early Friday box office estimates show the film earned about $32.7 million on its opening weekend in theaters.[24] It grossed $77.2 million during its theatrical run in the U.S. and Canada, plus $22.8 million internationally. Overall, the studio took a loss as the final budget of the movie was estimated to be around $100 million.[25]

text:
Internationally, the film was released in Australia on December 4, 2009;[26] in Ireland and the UK on December 11, 2009;[27] and in Germany on December 17, 2009.[28]
It was released in Russia on February 4, 2010.[29]

text: Critical response[edit]

text: Reception to the film has been generally positive. The film holds a 73% approval rating on review website Rotten Tomatoes from 259 reviews with an average score of 6.9/10. The website's critical consensus reads: "Some may find its dark tone and slender narrative off-putting, but Spike Jonze's heartfelt adaptation of the classic children's book is as beautiful as it is uncompromising."[30] Review aggregation website Metacritic gave the film an average score of 71 out of 100 based on 37 reviews.[31]

text: Lisa Schwarzbaum of Entertainment Weekly gave the film an A declaring "This is one of the year's best."[32] Manohla Dargis of the New York Times wrote that Spike Jonze's "filmmaking exceeds anything he’s done" before, while also noting the imaginative visuals and otherworldly feel, along with the fantastic creature effects on the "Wild Things".[33] Peter Travers of Rolling Stone gave the film four stars saying, "For all the money spent, the film's success is best measured by its simplicity and the purity of its innovation."[34] Roger Ebert awarded the film three stars out of four.[35]

text:
Some critics have noted the movie's dark adaptation for children, such as David Denby from The New Yorker saying, "I have a vision of eight-year-olds leaving the movie in bewilderment. Why are the creatures so unhappy?"[36]
Stephanie Zacharek of Salon.com criticized the film's visual aspect, "Even the look of the picture becomes tiresome after a while — it starts to seem depressive and shaggy and tired." She also stated that "The movie is so loaded with adult ideas about childhood — as opposed to things that might delight or engage an actual child."[37]
The Globe and Mail's Liam Lacey branded the production a "self-consciously sad film."[38]

text: Critic A.O. Scott named the film the best of 2009 and placed it at number five on his list of top ten movies of the decade.[39]

text: Awards and recognition[edit]

text: Warner Bros. submitted the film for consideration for the 2009 award season.[40]

text: Suitability for children[edit]

text:
There were fears, expressed by production company Warner Bros., that the film was not family friendly and may frighten children; however these fears were not shared by either Jonze or Sendak,[41] and Jonze refused to compromise.[42]
Maurice Sendak said after having seen a completed cut of the film, "I've never seen a movie that looked or felt like this. And it's [Spike Jonze's] personal 'this.' And he's not afraid of himself. He's a real artist that lets it come through in the work. So he's touched me. He's touched me very much."[43] After seeing the finished product, a Warner Bros. executive stated of Jonze, "He's a perfectionist and just kept working on it, but now we know that at the end of the day he nailed it."[22]

text: Film classification agencies have tended to assign "parental guidance" ratings rather than general or family ratings. MPAA in the United States assessed a PG rating "for mild thematic elements, some adventure action, and brief language".[44] A PG rating was also declared in the United Kingdom by BBFC, citing "mild threat and brief violence".[45] In Canada, the film also received a PG rating in Ontario with an alert for frightening scenes[46] while Quebec awarded a General rating.[47] British Columbia also assessed the film with a G rating with a proviso that it "may frighten young children".[48] In Ireland the film has been classified PG because of what is claimed as having "mild" violence[27] Similarly in South Africa, the film received a PG rating with a consumer content Violence indicator, noting there were "moments of mildish menace and poignant themes."[49] Australia also applied a PG rating to the film and noted "mild violence and scary scenes".[50]

text: The movie's release generated conflicting views over whether it is harmful to expose children to frightening scenes.[51][52] Jonze indicated that his goal was "to make a movie about childhood" rather than to create a children's movie.[53] Dan Fellman, Warner Brothers' head of movie distribution, noted that the film's promotion was not directed towards children, advising parents to exercise their own discretion.[52] In an interview with Newsweek, Sendak stated that parents who deemed the film's content to be too disturbing for children should "go to hell. That's a question I will not tolerate" and he further noted "I saw the most horrendous movies that were unfit for child's eyes. So what? I managed to survive."[54]

text: Home media[edit]

text: The film was released as a Blu-ray/DVD/Digital copy combo pack and on DVD on March 2, 2010.[55] The home media release was accompanied by a Canadian-produced live-action/animated short film adaptation of another Sendak work, Higglety Pigglety Pop! or There Must Be More to Life, produced especially for the Blu-ray edition.[56][57]

text: Merchandise[edit]

text: This section needs additional citations for verification. Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. (September 2010) (Learn how and when to remove this template message)

text: Video game[edit]

text: A video game based on the film was released on October 13, 2009, for the PlayStation 3, Xbox 360, Wii, and Nintendo DS. The former three were developed by Griptonite Games, and the latter by WayForward. All were published by Warner Bros. Games.

text: Skateboards and limited edition shoes[edit]

text:
To coincide with the film's release, Girl Skateboards (which Jonze co-owns) came out with seven pro-model skateboards with the Wild Things as the board graphics.[58] Lakai shoes also re-designed most of their pro-model and stock shoes and added in different colors, adding in pictures of the Wild Things on the side and on others with  Where the Wild Things Are printed on the side.[59]
UGG Australia also designed limited edition Where The Wild Things Are boots.[60]

text: Toys[edit]

text: A series of collectible vinyl dolls of the Wild Things and Max was released from the Japanese company MediCom Toys. Other releases include an eight-inch articulated figure of Max in wolf costume and smaller scale sets of the characters released under their Kubrick figure banner.

text: Novelization[edit]

text: McSweeney's published The Wild Things by Dave Eggers, a full-length novel based on the film adaptation.

text: Notes[edit]

text: Jump up ^ There is contradictory info in various sources. Some, including https://www.allmovie.com/movie/v341780 give the time as 104 minutes

tag: ol


document_title: Two Lovers and a Bear

question_text: where was two lovers and a bear filmed

question_tokens: where was two lovers and a bear filmed

text: Two Lovers and a Bear

text: Plot[edit]

text: The film follows the lives of Roman and Lucy, two people living difficult lives in a small, frozen town of Apex, Nunavut, Canada.[4] They are in love, but Lucy tells Roman that she must leave as a stalker has followed her. Roman tells her that he cannot leave and go south again, because of dark things in his own past. He tries to get her to go without him, and is even pushed to the brink of suicide. Eventually, he knows that he must go with her.

text: Roman can talk to bears which only he, it seems, can hear talking back, and a polar bear who talks to him about life makes several appearances in the story. On their snowmobile journey south, they are warned of a blizzard, but seek shelter in an abandoned military base instead of going back. Lucy comes to believe that her stalker has followed them there. It is then revealed that the stalker is in her mind, her dead abusive father. Roman burns the military base in order to prove that her father is now dead forever and can no longer follow her.

text: Seeking shelter in a snow cave, Roman and Lucy talk about a herd of caribou that they had found frozen in a lake earlier in their journey. They compare their lives to these animals, being led on a path and unable to get off, with all of them drowning. As the lovers begin to succumb to the intense temperature, the bear appears again, revealing that he is God and promising to Roman that he and Lucy will see each other again. The final scene shows the lovers' now dead, frozen bodies being cut out of the snow and lifted away by a helicopter.

text: Cast[edit]

text:
Dane DeHaan as Roman
Tatiana Maslany as Lucy
Gordon Pinsent as Bear (voice)
John Ralston as Lucy's Father
Kakki Peter as John Tovok

text: Development[edit]

text: The film was first announced on March 18, 2015. TF1 International have acquired the worldwide distribution rights.[5]

text: Filming[edit]

text: Filming began on March 17, 2015.[6] Images were released from the set on May 25, 2015.[7] The film's budget is $8.2 million. The filmmakers asked Iqaluit City Council to turn off street lights whilst they were filming because they did not want the orange hue that they gave off, instead wanting their own brighter, whiter lights. This involved manually disconnecting each lampost.[8] Scenes with the bear were filmed in Porcupine, Ontario (northern Ontario near Timmins).

text: Release[edit]

text: The film had its world premiere at the 2016 Cannes Film Festival on May 18, 2016.[2][3] The film went onto screen at the Toronto International Film Festival on September 9, 2016.[9] Shortly after, 20th Century Fox and Netflix acquired U.S distribution rights to the film, making it the first Canadian film to be released in the United States by a major film studio since Splice.[10] The film is scheduled to be released in Canada on October 7, 2016.[11] Executive producer Jeff Sackman told Playback Daily that Fox is targeting a Valentine’s Day 2017 release, though he offered no further details on when the film would be made available on Netflix.[12] The U.S release date was changed to December 16, 2016 in order to qualify for the Oscars.

text: Reception[edit]

text: Critical response[edit]

text: The film received critical acclaim. On review aggregator website Rotten Tomatoes, it has an approval rating of 86% based on 22 reviews.[13]

text: American Critics[edit]

text: Sheri Linden in the Los Angeles Times calls the film "thrillingly cinematic", however, notes that not all of the plot lines work equally, and the conversations between Roman and Lucy may be more important than the plot lines.[14]

text: Christy Lemire from RogerEbert.com said the film was "Beautiful and thoroughly unpredictable; you never know where Nguyen is going with this story, including the chilling, sci-fi/horror direction he heads in toward the film's climax."[15]

text: Glenn Kenny of The New York Times was quoted as saying the film has "Beauty", but noted that it had an "overheated romanticism".[16]

text: Canadian critics[edit]

text: Liz Braun of the Toronto Sun said "There's a surreal quality to Two Lovers and a Bear that gets underlined by the appearance of the Ursus maritimus of the title; DeHaan has called the movie an adult fairy tale, and that's an apt description."[17]

text: Simon Houpt from Globe and Mail wrote "Viewers have two choices: Give yourself over to the experience, and you'll be transported; stand back, and you'll feel nothing but chill."[18]

text: Accolades[edit]

text:
Award
Date of ceremony
Category
Recipient(s)
Result
Ref(s)

Canadian Screen Awards
12 March 2017
Best Art Direction / Production Design
Emmanuel Fréchette
Won
[19]

Best Editing
Richard Comeau
Won

Best Make-Up
Kathryn Casault
Nominated
[20]

Best Score
Jesse Zubot
Nominated

Directors Guild of Canada
October 28, 2017
Outstanding Directorial Achievement in Feature Film
Kim Nguyen
Nominated
[21]

Prix Iris
4 June 2017
Best Film
Roger Frappier
Nominated
[22][23]

Best Director
Kim Nguyen
Nominated

Best Script
Nominated

Best Actress
Tatiana Maslany
Nominated

Best Actor
Dane DeHaan
Nominated

Revelation of the Year
Kakki Peter
Nominated

Best Casting
Lucie Robitaille and Heidi Levitt
Nominated

Best Cinematography
Nicolas Bolduc
Nominated

Best Sound
Claude Beaugrand, Bernard Gariépy Strobl, and Claude La Haye
Won

Best Editing
Richard Comeau
Won

Best Visual Effects
Daniel Lavoie and André Montambeault
Nominated

Most Successful Film Outside Quebec
Kim Nguyen
Nominated

Writers Guild of Canada
24 April 2017
WGC Award
Nominated
[24]


document_title: The Killing of a Sacred Deer

question_text: where was killing of the sacred deer filmed

text: The Killing of a Sacred Deer

text: Plot[edit]

text: Steven Murphy, a skilled cardiothoracic surgeon, finishes an open heart surgery, and later goes to a diner where he meets a teenage boy named Martin. The precise nature of their relationship is unexplained. Afterward, Steven returns home to his wife, Anna, and their children, Kim and Bob. The next day, Steven reveals his connection to Martin, claiming he is a schoolmate of Kim's, when Martin unexpectedly comes to speak with Steven at the hospital. Steven later privately tells Anna that Martin's father died in a car accident ten years earlier, and that he has taken an interest in the boy to help him grieve. At Steven's suggestion, Martin comes to the Murphy household for dinner; Kim seems particularly taken with him.

text: Martin returns the favor by inviting Steven to his mother's home for dinner. After the meal, Steven attempts to leave, but Martin insists he stay and watch a movie with them. Martin leaves halfway through the film, and his mother makes a romantic advance on Steven, who quickly rebuffs her and goes home. Over the next few days, Martin's demands on Steven's time grow increasingly frequent and desperate, but Steven does not reply. One morning Bob awakens and finds he cannot feel his legs—he has become paralyzed. Steven and Anna rush him to the hospital, where a full neurological examination reveals that nothing is physically wrong. Though he briefly recovers, Bob quickly returns to being unable to walk. While the elder Murphys tend to Bob, Kim meets with Martin for a date.

text: The next morning, Martin visits Bob in the hospital and demands that Steven speak to him in private. The two retreat to the cafeteria, where Martin reveals the truth: his father did not die immediately, as Steven told his wife, but during surgery that Steven himself performed after the crash. Steven failed to save Martin's father, and the boy bluntly tells Steven that he blames the surgeon for the death. He further explains that, to "balance" the act of destroying a family, Steven must kill one of the members of his own. Martin goes on to explain that he has placed a curse upon the Murphys that will gradually kill them through a series of stages unless Steven makes his choice and murders one of them; the paralysis is the first of these four stages. Steven attempts to dismiss these seemingly wild claims, but later finds that Bob is refusing food—this is the second stage of Martin's curse. Kim later loses the use of her legs during a choir practice and also will not eat.

text: Kim receives a phone call from Martin at the hospital. During the conversation, Kim abruptly regains the use of her legs, only to lose mobility again when the connection is broken. This seems to convince Anna of Martin's power, and she travels to his home to directly ask why she and her children must suffer for Steven's mistakes. The unrepentant Martin cannot answer, simply remarking that "it's the only thing I can think of that's close to justice". Anna, further suspecting that her formerly alcoholic husband may have imbibed on the day of the operation, speaks to Steven's anesthesiologist, who reveals that Steven did in fact have a few drinks that morning, with Anna sexually gratifying him as payment for the information. At Anna's insistence, the children are transported to their home, where they are continually fed through a nasogastric tube. Anna and Steven fight over the situation, with Steven refusing to believe that anything supernatural is happening. That night, he kidnaps Martin and binds him to a chair in the basement, brutally beating him and demanding that he undo his hold on the children. Martin remains unflappable, warning Steven that time is running out.

text: Martin's presence only exacerbates the tension in the household: Kim and Bob argue with each other over who their father will choose; Steven tries to gather information to make the decision; and Anna claims that killing one of the children is clearly the only option, as they can have another. Kim attempts to save herself by traveling to the basement to see Martin, demanding that he free her again so that they may run away together. Her strategy fails and she tries to escape herself by crawling through the neighborhood. Steven and Anna save her. The next morning, Anna releases Martin while Steven sleeps, pointing out that holding him captive was of no use. Later that day, Bob begins bleeding from the eyes—the final stage of the curse before death. Rather than choose, Steven binds Kim, Bob, and Anna to chairs in the living room, covers their heads, and pulls a black woolen hat over his own face. He next loads a rifle, spins uncontrollably, and fires. The first two shots miss, but the third strikes Bob in the chest and kills him.

text: Some time later, the family visits the same diner where Steven previously met with Martin. As they sit in silence, Martin enters and stares at them; he and the family briefly lock eyes and Kim begins eating before they stand and leave. Martin gazes after them as they walk through the door.

text: Cast[edit]

text:
Colin Farrell as Steven Murphy, Anna's husband and Bob and Kim's father
Nicole Kidman as Anna Murphy, Steven's wife and Bob and Kim's mother
Barry Keoghan as Martin, a teenager whom Steven meets with
Raffey Cassidy as Kim Murphy, Steven and Anna's daughter and Bob's sister
Sunny Suljic as Bob Murphy, Steven and Anna's son and Kim's brother
Alicia Silverstone as Martin's mother
Bill Camp as Matthew, an anesthesiologist

text: Production[edit]

text: On May 11, 2016, it was announced that Colin Farrell had been cast in the film, with Yorgos Lanthimos directing from a screenplay he had written with Efthymis Filipou. Film4 Productions and Element Pictures produced the project.[4] In June 2016, Nicole Kidman was cast in the film,[5] and in August 2016, Alicia Silverstone, Raffey Cassidy, Bill Camp, Barry Keoghan, and Sunny Suljic also joined.[6]

text: Filming[edit]

text: As of August 23, 2016, the film had begun principal photography in Cincinnati, filming at The Christ Hospital.[7] It was also shot in the Hyde Park and Northside neighborhoods.[8] The school scenes in the film were shot at Roger Bacon High School.

text: Release[edit]

text: In May 2016, A24 acquired U.S. distribution rights to the film.[9] The same month, Haut et Court acquired French rights.[10] It had its world premiere at the Cannes Film Festival on May 22, 2017.[11][12][13] Lanthimos and Filippou won the Best Screenplay award at the festival.[14]

text: The film was theatrically released in the United States on October 20, 2017[15][16] and in the United Kingdom and Ireland on November 3, 2017.

text: Critical response[edit]

text: On review aggregator website Rotten Tomatoes, the film has an approval rating 80%, based on 235 reviews, with an average rating of 7.7/10. The website's critical consensus reads, "The Killing of a Sacred Deer continues director Yorgos Lanthimos' stubbornly idiosyncratic streak—and demonstrates again that he is a talent not to be ignored."[17] On Metacritic, which assigns a normalized rating, the film has a weighted average score of 73 out of 100, based on 45 critics, indicating "generally favorable reviews".[18]

text: Accolades[edit]

text:
Award
Date of ceremony
Category
Recipient(s) and nominee(s)
Result
Ref.

AACTA International Awards
January 6, 2018
Best Supporting Actress
Nicole Kidman
Nominated
[19]

Cannes Film Festival
May 26, 2017
Palme D'Or
Yorgos Lanthimos
Nominated
[20]

Best Screenplay Award
Yorgos Lanthimos and Efthymis Filippou
Won

European Film Awards
December 10, 2017
Best European Actor
Colin Farrell
Nominated
[21]

Best European Director
Yorgos Lanthimos
Nominated

Best European Screenwriter
Yorgos Lanthimos and Efthymis Filippou
Nominated

Evening Standard British Film Awards
February 8, 2018
Best Supporting Actor
Barry Keoghan
Nominated
[22]

Florida Film Critics Circle
December 23, 2017
Best Supporting Actor
Barry Keoghan
Nominated
[23]
[24]

Ghent International Film Festival Ghent
October 20, 2017
Grand Prix – Best Film
Yorgos Lanthimos
Nominated
[25]

Hamburg Film Festival
October 14, 2017
Sichtwechsel Film Award
Yorgos Lanthimos
Nominated
[26]

Independent Spirit Awards
March 3, 2018
Best Supporting Male
Barry Keoghan
Nominated
[27]

Best Cinematography
Thimios Bakatakis
Nominated

London Film Critics Circle
January 28, 2018
British/Irish Actor of the Year
Colin Farrell (also for The Beguiled)
Nominated
[28]

Seattle Film Critics Society
December 18, 2017
Best Supporting Actor
Barry Keoghan
Nominated
[29]

Villain of the Year
Barry Keoghan (as Martin)
Nominated

Sitges Film Festival
October 14, 2017
Best Film
The Killing of a Sacred Deer
Nominated
[30]

José Luis Guarner Critics' Award
The Killing of a Sacred Deer
Won