document_title: List of Prime Ministers of the United Kingdom

question_text: what is the name of england's prime minister

question_tokens: what is the name of england 's prime minister

text: Before 1721[edit]

text: Before the Georgian era, the Treasury of England was led by the Lord High Treasurer.[18] By the late Tudor period, the Lord High Treasurer was regarded as one of the Great Officers of State[18] and tended to be the dominant figure in government: the Duke of Somerset, Lord High Treasurer (1547–1549),[19] served as Lord Protector to his nephew King Edward VI;[19] William Cecil, 1st Baron Burghley, Lord High Treasurer (1572–1598),[20] was the dominant minister among Queen Elizabeth I's ministers;[20] Burghley's son Robert Cecil, 1st Earl of Salisbury, succeeded his father as chief minister to Elizabeth I (1598–1603) and later served King James I as Lord High Treasurer (1608–1612).[21]

text: By the late Stuart period, the Treasury was often run not by a single individual such as a Lord High Treasurer but by a committee of Lords of the Treasury,[22] led by the First Lord of the Treasury. The last Lords High Treasurer, Lord Godolphin (1702–1710)[23] and Lord Oxford (1711–1714),[24] ran the government of Queen Anne.[25]

text: After the succession of King George I in 1714, the arrangement of a commission of Lords of the Treasury as opposed to a single Lord High Treasurer became permanent.[26] For the next three years, the government was headed by Lord Townshend, who was appointed Secretary of State for the Northern Department.[27] Subsequently, Lord Stanhope and Lord Sunderland ran the government jointly,[28][29] with Stanhope managing foreign affairs and Sunderland managing domestic affairs.[28][29] Stanhope died in February 1721[28] and Sunderland resigned two months later;[29] Townshend and Robert Walpole were then invited to form the next government.[30][27] From that point, the holder of the office of First Lord also unofficially held the status of Prime Minister. It was not until the Edwardian era that the title Prime Minister was constitutionally recognised.[13] With only few exceptions, the Prime Minister still holds the office of First Lord by constitutional convention.[31]

text: Since 1721[edit]

text:
By century and monarch

18th to 19th century

George I
George II[a]
George III[b]
George IV
William IV
Victoria

20th to 21st century

Edward VII
George V
Edward VIII
George VI
Elizabeth II

text:
Whig (17)       Tory (11)       Conservative (17)       Peelite (1)       Liberal (7)       Labour (6)       National Labour (1)

Portrait
Name[c]
(Birth–Death)
Term of office & Mandate

Duration of premiership
Ministerial portfolios
held as Prime Minister
Party[d]
Ministry
Monarch
(Reign)
Ref.

The Right Honourable
Robert Walpole
1st Earl of Orford
KGKBPC
MP for King's Lynn[e]
(1676–1745)
4 April
1721
11 February
1742
1722

First Lord of the Treasury
Chancellor of the Exchequer
Leader of the House of Commons[f]

Whig
Walpole–Townshend
George I

(1714–1727)
[35]

1727
George II

(1727–1760)

1734
Walpole

1741

20 years and 314 days

The Right Honourable
Spencer Compton
1st Earl of Wilmington
KGKBPC
(1673–1743)
16 February
1742
2 July
1743
—

First Lord of the Treasury

Whig
Carteret
[36]

1 year and 137 days[†]

The Right Honourable
Henry Pelham
FRS
MP for Sussex
(1694–1754)
27 August
1743
6 March
1754
1747

First Lord of the Treasury
Chancellor of the Exchequer
Leader of the House of Commons

Whig
[37]

Broad Bottom I

Broad Bottom II

10 years and 192 days[†]

His Grace
Thomas Pelham-Holles
1st Duke of Newcastle
KGPCFRS
(1693–1768)
16 March
1754
16 November
1756
1754

First Lord of the Treasury
Leader of the House of Lords

Whig
Newcastle I
[38]

2 years and 246 days

His Grace
William Cavendish
4th Duke of Devonshire
KGPC
(1720–1764)
16 November
1756
25 June
1757
—

First Lord of the Treasury[g]
Leader of the House of Lords

Whig
Pitt–Devonshire
[39]

1757 Caretaker

222 days

His Grace
Thomas Pelham-Holles
1st Duke of Newcastle
KGPCFRS
(1693–1768)
2 July
1757
26 May
1762
1761

First Lord of the Treasury
Leader of the House of Lords

Whig
Pitt–Newcastle
[38]

George III

(1760–1820)

4 years and 329 days

The Right Honourable
John Stuart
3rd Earl of Bute
KGPC
(1713–1792)
26 May
1762
8 April
1763
—

First Lord of the Treasury
Leader of the House of Lords

Tory
Bute
(Tory–Whig)
[40]

318 days

The Right Honourable
George Grenville
MP for Buckingham
(1712–1770)
16 April
1763
13 July
1765
—

First Lord of the Treasury
Chancellor of the Exchequer
Leader of the House of Commons

Whig
(Grenvillite)
Grenville
(Whig–Tory)
[41]

2 years and 89 days

The Most Honourable
Charles Watson-Wentworth
2nd Marquess of Rockingham
KGPCFRS
(1730–1782)
13 July
1765
30 July
1766
—

First Lord of the Treasury
Leader of the House of Lords

Whig
(Rockinghamite)
Rockingham I
[42]

1 year and 18 days

The Right Honourable
William Pitt
1st Earl of Chatham
PCFRS
MP for Bath[h]
(1708–1778)
30 July
1766
14 October
1768
1768

Lord Keeper of the Privy Seal

Whig
(Chathamite)
Chatham
(Whig–Tory)
[43]

2 years and 77 days

His Grace
Augustus FitzRoy
3rd Duke of Grafton
KGPC
(1735–1811)
14 October
1768
28 January
1770
—

First Lord of the Treasury
Leader of the House of Lords

Whig
(Chathamite)
Grafton
[44]

1 year and 107 days

The Right Honourable
Frederick North
Lord North
KG
MP for Banbury
(1732–1792)
28 January
1770
22 March
1782
[ad. 1]

First Lord of the Treasury
Chancellor of the Exchequer
Leader of the House of Commons

Tory
(Northite)
North
[45]

1774

1780

12 years and 54 days

The Most Honourable
Charles Watson-Wentworth
2nd Marquess of Rockingham
KGPCFRS
(1730–1782)
27 March
1782
1 July
1782
—

First Lord of the Treasury
Leader of the House of Lords

Whig
(Rockinghamite)
Rockingham II
[42]

97 days[†]

The Right Honourable
William Petty
2nd Earl of Shelburne
KGPC
(1737–1805)
4 July
1782
2 April
1783
—

First Lord of the Treasury
Leader of the House of Lords

Whig
(Chathamite)
Shelburne
(Whig–Tory)
[46]

273 days

His Grace
William Cavendish-Bentinck
3rd Duke of Portland
PCFRS
(1738–1809)
2 April
1783
19 December
1783
—

First Lord of the Treasury
Leader of the House of Lords

Whig
Fox–North
[47]

262 days

The Right Honourable
William Pitt the Younger
MP for Appleby – Cambridge University[i]
(1759–1806)
19 December
1783
14 March
1801
[ad. 2]

First Lord of the Treasury
Chancellor of the Exchequer
Leader of the House of Commons

Tory
(Pittite)
Pitt I
[48]

1784

1790

1796

17 years and 86 days

The Right Honourable
Henry Addington
MP for Devizes
(1757–1844)
17 March
1801
10 May
1804
1801

First Lord of the Treasury
Chancellor of the Exchequer
Leader of the House of Commons

Tory
(Pittite)
Addington
[49]

1802

3 years and 55 days

The Right Honourable
William Pitt the Younger
MP for Cambridge University
(1759–1806)
10 May
1804
23 January
1806
—

First Lord of the Treasury
Chancellor of the Exchequer
Leader of the House of Commons

Tory
(Pittite)
Pitt II
[48]

1 year and 259 days[†]

The Right Honourable
William Grenville
1st Baron Grenville
PCPC (Ire)
(1759–1834)
11 February
1806
31 March
1807
[ad. 3]

First Lord of the Treasury
Leader of the House of Lords

Whig
All the Talents
(Whig–Tory)
[50]

1806

1 year and 49 days

His Grace
William Cavendish-Bentinck
3rd Duke of Portland
KGPCFRS
(1738–1809)
31 March
1807
4 October
1809
[ad. 2]

First Lord of the Treasury

Tory
(Pittite)
Portland II
[47]

1807

2 years and 188 days

The Right Honourable
Spencer Perceval
KC
MP for Northampton
(1762–1812)
4 October
1809
11 May
1812
—

First Lord of the Treasury
Chancellor of the Exchequer
Chancellor of the Duchy of Lancaster
Leader of the House of Commons

Tory
(Pittite)
Perceval
[51]

2 years and 221 days[‡]

The Right Honourable
Robert Jenkinson
2nd Earl of Liverpool
KGPCFRS
(1770–1828)
8 June
1812
9 April
1827
1812

First Lord of the Treasury
Leader of the House of Lords

Tory
(Pittite)
Liverpool
[52]

1818

1820
George IV

(1820–1830)

1826

14 years and 306 days

The Right Honourable
George Canning
FRS
MP for Seaford
(1770–1827)
10 April
1827
8 August
1827
—

First Lord of the Treasury
Chancellor of the Exchequer
Leader of the House of Commons

Tory
(Canningite)
Canning
(Canningite–Whig)
[53]

121 days[†]

The Right Honourable
Frederick John Robinson
1st Viscount Goderich
PC
(1782–1859)
31 August
1827
21 January
1828
—

First Lord of the Treasury
Leader of the House of Lords

Tory
(Canningite)
Goderich
[54]

144 days

Field MarshalHis Grace
Arthur Wellesley
1st Duke of Wellington
KGGCBGCHPC
(1769–1852)
22 January
1828
16 November
1830
[ad. 4]

First Lord of the Treasury
Leader of the House of Lords

Tory
Wellington–Peel
[55]

1830
William IV

(1830–1837)

2 years and 299 days

The Right Honourable
Charles Grey
2nd Earl Grey
KGPC
(1764–1845)
22 November
1830
9 July
1834
[ad. 2]

First Lord of the Treasury
Leader of the House of Lords

Whig
Grey
[56]

1831

1832–
1833

3 years and 230 days

The Right Honourable
William Lamb
2nd Viscount Melbourne
PC
(1779–1848)
16 July
1834
14 November
1834
—

First Lord of the Treasury
Leader of the House of Lords

Whig
Melbourne I
[57]

122 days

Field MarshalHis Grace
Arthur Wellesley
1st Duke of Wellington
KGGCBGCHPC
(1769–1852)
14 November
1834
10 December
1834
—

First Lord of the Treasury
Sec. of State for the Home Department
Sec. of State for Foreign Affairs
Sec. of State for War and the Colonies
Leader of the House of Lords

Tory
Wellington Caretaker
[55]

27 days

The Right Honourable
Sir Robert Peel
BtFRS
MP for Tamworth
(1788–1850)
10 December
1834
8 April
1835
—

First Lord of the Treasury
Chancellor of the Exchequer
Leader of the House of Commons

Conservative
Peel I
[58]

120 days

The Right Honourable
William Lamb
2nd Viscount Melbourne
PCFRS
(1779–1848)
18 April
1835
30 August
1841
1835

First Lord of the Treasury
Leader of the House of Lords

Whig
Melbourne II
[57]

1837
Victoria

(1837–1901)

6 years and 135 days

The Right Honourable
Sir Robert Peel
BtFRS
MP for Tamworth
(1788–1850)
30 August
1841
29 June
1846
1841

First Lord of the Treasury
Leader of the House of Commons

Conservative
Peel II
[58]

4 years and 304 days

The Right Honourable
Lord John Russell
FRS
MP for the City of London
(1792–1878)
30 June
1846
21 February
1852
1847

First Lord of the Treasury
Leader of the House of Commons

Whig
Russell I
[59]

5 years and 237 days

The Right Honourable
Edward Smith-Stanley
14th Earl of Derby
PC
(1799–1869)
23 February
1852
17 December
1852
[ad. 2]

First Lord of the Treasury
Leader of the House of Lords

Conservative
Who? Who?
[60]

1852

299 days

The Right Honourable
George Hamilton-Gordon
4th Earl of Aberdeen
KTFRSEFRSPCFSA Scot
(1784–1860)
19 December
1852
30 January
1855
—

First Lord of the Treasury
Leader of the House of Lords

Peelite
Aberdeen
(Peelite–Whig)
[61]

2 years and 43 days

The Right Honourable
Henry John Temple
3rd Viscount Palmerston
KGGCBPCFRS
MP for Tiverton
(1784–1865)
6 February
1855
19 February
1858
[ad. 2]

First Lord of the Treasury
Leader of the House of Commons

Whig
Palmerston I
[62]

1857

3 years and 14 days

The Right Honourable
Edward Smith-Stanley
14th Earl of Derby
PC
(1799–1869)
20 February
1858
11 June
1859
—

First Lord of the Treasury
Leader of the House of Lords

Conservative
Derby–Disraeli II
[60]

1 year and 112 days

The Right Honourable
Henry John Temple
3rd Viscount Palmerston
KGGCBPCFRS
MP for Tiverton
(1784–1865)
12 June
1859
18 October
1865
1859

First Lord of the Treasury
Leader of the House of Commons

Liberal
Palmerston II
[62]

1865

6 years and 129 days[†]

The Right Honourable
John Russell
1st Earl Russell
KGPCFRS
(1792–1878)
29 October
1865
26 June
1866
—

First Lord of the Treasury
Leader of the House of Lords

Liberal
Russell II
[59]

241 days

The Right Honourable
Edward Smith-Stanley
14th Earl of Derby
KGPC
(1799–1869)
28 June
1866
25 February
1868
—

First Lord of the Treasury
Leader of the House of Lords

Conservative
Derby–Disraeli III
[60]

1 year and 243 days

The Right Honourable
Benjamin Disraeli
MP for Buckinghamshire
(1804–1881)
See also § Premierships:1

First Lord of the Treasury
Leader of the House of Commons

Conservative
[63]

27 February
1868
1 December
1868
—

279 days

The Right Honourable
William Ewart Gladstone
FSS
MP for Greenwich
(1809–1898)
See also § Premierships:2

First Lord of the Treasury
Leader of the House of Commons
Chancellor of the Exchequer[j]

Liberal
Gladstone I
[64]

3 December
1868
17 February
1874
1868

5 years and 77 days

The Right Honourable
Benjamin Disraeli
1st Earl of Beaconsfield
KGPCFRS
MP for Buckinghamshire[k]
(1804–1881)
See also § Premierships:1

First Lord of the Treasury
Leader of the House of Commons[l]
Lord Keeper of the Privy Seal[m]
Leader of the House of Lords[n]

Conservative
Disraeli II
[63]

20 February
1874
21 April
1880
1874

6 years and 62 days

The Right Honourable
William Ewart Gladstone
FRSFSS
MP for Midlothian
(1809–1898)
See also § Premierships:2

First Lord of the Treasury
Leader of the House of Commons
Chancellor of the Exchequer[o]

Liberal
Gladstone II
[64]

23 April
1880
9 June
1885
1880

5 years and 48 days

The Most Honourable
Robert Gascoyne-Cecil
3rd Marquess of Salisbury
KGPCFRSDL
(1830–1903)
23 June
1885
28 January
1886
—

Sec. of State for Foreign Affairs
Leader of the House of Lords

Conservative
Salisbury I
[65]

220 days

The Right Honourable
William Ewart Gladstone
FRSFSS
MP for Midlothian
(1809–1898)
See also § Premierships:2

First Lord of the Treasury
Lord Keeper of the Privy Seal
Leader of the House of Commons

Liberal
Gladstone III
[64]

1 February
1886
20 July
1886
1885

170 days

The Most Honourable
Robert Gascoyne-Cecil
3rd Marquess of Salisbury
KGPCFRSDL
(1830–1903)
25 July
1886
11 August
1892
1886

Leader of the House of Lords
First Lord of the Treasury[p]
Sec. of State for Foreign Affairs[q]

Conservative
Salisbury II
[65]

6 years and 18 days

The Right Honourable
William Ewart Gladstone
FRSFSS
MP for Midlothian
(1809–1898)
See also § Premierships:2

First Lord of the Treasury
Lord Keeper of the Privy Seal
Leader of the House of Commons

Liberal
Gladstone IV
[64]

15 August
1892
2 March
1894
1892

1 year and 200 days

The Right Honourable
Archibald Primrose
5th Earl of Rosebery
KGPCFRS
(1847–1929)
5 March
1894
22 June
1895
—

First Lord of the Treasury
Lord President of the Council
Leader of the House of Lords

Liberal
Rosebery
[66]

1 year and 110 days

The Most Honourable
Robert Gascoyne-Cecil
3rd Marquess of Salisbury
KGPCFRSDL
(1830–1903)
25 June
1895
11 July
1902
[ad. 2]

Leader of the House of Lords
Sec. of State for Foreign Affairs[r]
Lord Keeper of the Privy Seal[s]

Conservative
Salisbury III
(Con.–Lib.U.)
[65]

1895

1900

7 years and 17 days
Edward VII

(1901–1910)

The Right Honourable
Arthur Balfour
FRSDL
MP for Manchester East
(1848–1930)
11 July
1902
5 December
1905
—

First Lord of the Treasury
Leader of the House of Commons

Conservative
Balfour
[67]

3 years and 148 days

The Right Honourable
Sir Henry Campbell-Bannerman
GCB
MP for Stirling Burghs
(1836–1908)
5 December
1905
7 April
1908
[ad. 2]

First Lord of the Treasury
Leader of the House of Commons

Liberal
Campbell-Bannerman
[68]

1906

2 years and 125 days

The Right Honourable
Herbert Henry Asquith
KCFRS
MP for East Fife
(1852–1928)
7 April
1908
5 December
1916
[ad. 5]

First Lord of the Treasury
Leader of the House of Commons
Sec. of State for War[t]

Liberal
Asquith I
[69]

Jan–
Feb.1910

Dec.1910
George V

(1910–1936)

Asquith II
(Lib.–Con.–et al.)

8 years and 243 days

The Right Honourable
David Lloyd George
OM
MP for Caernarvon Boroughs
(1863–1945)
6 December
1916
19 October
1922
[ad. 6]

First Lord of the Treasury

Liberal
Lloyd George War
[70]

1918
Lloyd George II
(Lib.–Con.)

5 years and 318 days

The Right Honourable
Bonar Law
MP for Glasgow Central
(1858–1923)
23 October
1922
20 May
1923
1922

First Lord of the Treasury
Leader of the House of Commons

Conservative
(Scot.U.)
Law
[71]

210 days

The Right Honourable
Stanley Baldwin
JP
MP for Bewdley
(1867–1947)
23 May
1923
16 January
1924
—

First Lord of the Treasury
Leader of the House of Commons
Chancellor of the Exchequer[u]

Conservative
Baldwin I
[72]

239 days

The Right Honourable
Ramsay MacDonald
MP for Aberavon
(1866–1937)
22 January
1924
4 November
1924
1923

First Lord of the Treasury
Leader of the House of Commons
Sec. of State for Foreign Affairs

Labour
MacDonald I
[73]

288 days

The Right Honourable
Stanley Baldwin
JPFRS
MP for Bewdley
(1867–1947)
4 November
1924
5 June
1929
1924

First Lord of the Treasury
Leader of the House of Commons

Conservative
Baldwin II
[72]

4 years and 214 days

The Right Honourable
Ramsay MacDonald
FRS
MP for Seaham
(1866–1937)
5 June
1929
7 June
1935
1929

First Lord of the Treasury
Leader of the House of Commons

Labour
MacDonald II
[73]

National Labour
National I
(N.Lab.–Con.–et al.)

1931
National II

6 years and 3 days

The Right Honourable
Stanley Baldwin
JPFRS
MP for Bewdley
(1867–1947)
7 June
1935
28 May
1937
1935

First Lord of the Treasury
Leader of the House of Commons

Conservative
National III
(Con.–N.Lab.–et al.)
[72]

Edward VIII

(1936)

George VI

(1936–1952)

1 year and 356 days

The Right Honourable
Neville Chamberlain
FRS
MP for Birmingham Edgbaston
(1869–1940)
28 May
1937
10 May
1940
—

First Lord of the Treasury
Leader of the House of Commons

Conservative
National IV
[74]

Chamberlain War

2 years and 349 days

The Right Honourable
Winston Churchill
CHTDFRS
MP for Epping
(1874–1965)
10 May
1940
26 July
1945
—

First Lord of the Treasury
Minister of Defence
Leader of the House of Commons[v]

Conservative
Churchill War
(All parties)
[75]

Churchill Caretaker
(Con.–Lib.N.)

5 years and 78 days

The Right Honourable
Clement Attlee
CHFRS
MP for Limehouse – Walthamstow West[w]
(1883–1967)
26 July
1945
26 October
1951
1945

First Lord of the Treasury
Minister of Defence[x]

Labour
Attlee I
[76]

1950
Attlee II

6 years and 93 days

The Right Honourable
Sir Winston Churchill
KGOMCHTDDLFRSRA
MP for Woodford
(1874–1965)
26 October
1951
6 April
1955
1951

First Lord of the Treasury
Minister of Defence[y]

Conservative
Churchill III
[75]

3 years and 163 days
Elizabeth II

(1952–present)

The Right Honourable
Sir Anthony Eden
KGMC
MP for Warwick & Leamington
(1897–1977)
6 April
1955
10 January
1957
1955

First Lord of the Treasury

Conservative
Eden
[77]

1 year and 280 days

The Right Honourable
Harold Macmillan
FRS
MP for Bromley
(1894–1986)
10 January
1957
19 October
1963
1959

First Lord of the Treasury

Conservative
Macmillan I
[78]

Macmillan II

6 years and 283 days

The Right Honourable
Sir Alec Douglas-Home
KT
MP for Kinross & Western Perthshire[z]
(1903–1995)
19 October
1963
16 October
1964
—

First Lord of the Treasury

Conservative
(Scot.U.)
Douglas-Home
[79]

364 days

The Right Honourable
Harold Wilson
OBEFRS
MP for Huyton
(1916–1995)
16 October
1964
19 June
1970
1964

First Lord of the Treasury
Minister for the Civil Service[aa]

Labour
Wilson I
[80]

1966
Wilson II

5 years and 247 days

The Right Honourable
Edward Heath
MBE
MP for Bexley – Sidcup[ab]
(1916–2005)
19 June
1970
4 March
1974
1970

First Lord of the Treasury
Minister for the Civil Service

Conservative
Heath
[81]

3 years and 259 days

The Right Honourable
Harold Wilson
OBEFRS
MP for Huyton
(1916–1995)
4 March
1974
5 April
1976
Feb.1974

First Lord of the Treasury
Minister for the Civil Service

Labour
Wilson III
[80]

Oct.1974
Wilson IV

2 years and 33 days

The Right Honourable
James Callaghan
MP for Cardiff South East
(1912–2005)
5 April
1976
4 May
1979
—

First Lord of the Treasury
Minister for the Civil Service

Labour
Callaghan
[82]

3 years and 30 days

The Right Honourable
Margaret Thatcher
FRSFRIC
MP for Finchley
(1925–2013)
See also § Premierships:3

First Lord of the Treasury
Minister for the Civil Service

Conservative
Thatcher I
[83]

4 May
1979
28 November
1990
1979

1983
Thatcher II

1987
Thatcher III

11 years and 209 days

The Right Honourable
John Major
MP for Huntingdon
(born 1943)
28 November
1990
2 May
1997
1992

First Lord of the Treasury
Minister for the Civil Service

Conservative
Major I
[84]

Major II

6 years and 156 days

The Right Honourable
Tony Blair
MP for Sedgefield
(born 1953)
See also § Premierships:4

First Lord of the Treasury
Minister for the Civil Service

Labour
Blair I
[85]

2 May
1997
27 June
2007
1997

2001
Blair II

2005
Blair III

10 years and 57 days

The Right Honourable
Gordon Brown
MP for Kirkcaldy & Cowdenbeath
(born 1951)
See also § Premierships:5

First Lord of the Treasury
Minister for the Civil Service

Labour
Brown
[86]

27 June
2007
11 May
2010
—

2 years and 319 days

The Right Honourable
David Cameron
MP for Witney
(born 1966)
See also § Premierships:6

First Lord of the Treasury
Minister for the Civil Service

Conservative
Cameron–Clegg
(Con.–L.D.)
[87]

11 May
2010
13 July
2016
2010

2015
Cameron II

6 years and 64 days

The Right Honourable
Theresa May
MP for Maidenhead
(born 1956)
See also § Premierships:7

First Lord of the Treasury
Minister for the Civil Service

Conservative
May I
[88]

13 July
2016
Incumbent
[ad. 7]

2017
May II

1 year and 279 days

text: Addenda[edit]

text:
^1       Whig majority in the Commons before the dissolution of Parliament.
^2       Minority government before the next Parliament.
^3       Tory majority in the Commons before dissolution.
^4       Majority Tory government before the next Parliament.
^5       Majority Liberal government before the next Parliament.
^6       Coalition government during the course of an undissolved hung parliament.
^7       Majority Conservative government before the next Parliament.


document_title: Characters of Malcolm in the Middle

question_text: who played laverne in malcolm in the middle

root

text: Characters of Malcolm in the Middle

text: Characters[edit]

text: This section needs expansion. You can help by adding to it. (March 2014)

tag: table

text: Originally there were four brothers (although Malcolm's oldest brother attended a military school away from home, so Malcolm was still the middle sibling left at home). A fifth son was introduced in the show's fourth season, a boy named Jamie. The boys are, from eldest to youngest: Francis, Reese, Malcolm, Dewey, and Jamie. In the final episode, Lois discovered she was pregnant with a sixth child. In the third season, Francis travels home (to celebrate his father's birthday) with an Alaskan girl named Piama, and reveals that they are married.

tag: p

text: During the first season, the writers decided to keep the family's last name a mystery. In the fifth season episode "Reese Joins the Army (1)", Reese uses a fake ID by the name of "Jetson" to lie about his age. In the series finale, "Graduation", Francis' employee ID reads "Nolastname" (or "No Last Name", a joke referring to the fact that the family name was never spoken aloud). In the same episode when Malcolm was introduced to give the graduation speech, the speaker announces Malcolm's name, but microphone feedback makes his surname inaudible, even though he does appear to mouth the phrase "No last name".[1]

text: In the pilot episode, the name Wilkerson can be seen on the name badge of the uniform Francis is wearing at Marlin Academy. In the sleeve notes for the season 5 DVD released in Europe, the family is referred to as the Wilkersons in the description for the episode "Block Party". British television advertisements and some Fox promotional material also occasionally referred to the family as the Wilkersons, although this name was never spoken aloud in the series. In an early version of the pilot, Malcolm had an exchange of dialogue with a classmate, who claims to have overheard his parents talking about Malcolm's family and asks him what his last name is. When Malcolm responds, "Wilkerson, why?" the friend replied with the punchline, "Oh...who are the 'Pariahs'?"

text: Out of the show's six leads, Cranston, Muniz, Berfield and Sullivan were the only ones to appear in all 151 episodes.

text: Character Appearances[edit]

text:
Actor
Character
Season

1
2
3
4
5
6
7

Main characters

Jane Kaczmarek
Lois
Main

Bryan Cranston
Hal
Main

Frankie Muniz
Malcolm
Main

Justin Berfield
Reese
Main

Erik Per Sullivan
Dewey
Main

Christopher Masterson
Francis
Main
Recurring

James and Lukas Rodriguez
Jamie

Recurring
Main

Catherine Lloyd Burns
Caroline Miller
Main
Recurring

Recurring characters

Craig Lamar Traylor
Stevie Kenarban
Recurring

David Anthony Higgins
Craig Feldspar
Recurring

Gary Anthony Williams
Abe Kenarban
Recurring

Evan Matthew Cohen
Lloyd
Recurring

Kyle Sullivan
Dabney
Recurring

Daniel Von Bargen
Edwin Spangler
Recurring
Flashback

Will Jennings
Kyle
Recurring

Flashback

Drew Powell
Drew Horton
Recurring

Flashback

Arjay Smith
Ken Finley
Recurring

Flashback

Karim Prince
Stanley Winn
Recurring

Eric Nenninger
Eric Hansen
Guest
Recurring
Flashback

Merrin Dungey
Kitty Kenarban
Guest
Recurring
Guest

Guest

Kasan Butcher
Joe
Guest
Recurring

Flashback

Tania Raymonde
Cynthia

Recurring
Guest
Guest

Cloris Leachman
Ida

Guest
Recurring

Emy Coligado
Piama Tananahaakna

Recurring

Chris Eigeman
Lionel Herkabe

Recurring
Guest
Recurring

Victor Z. Isaac
Kevin

Recurring

Brenda Wehle
Lavernia

Recurring

Sandy Ward
Pete

Recurring

John Ennis
Artie

Recurring

Kenneth Mars
Otto Mannkusser

Recurring

Meagen Fay
Gretchen Mannkusser

Recurring

text: The Family[edit]

text: Hal[edit]

text: Hal, played by Bryan Cranston (all 151 episodes), is the father of the family. Though relaxed in his parenting when compared to Lois, Hal has shown that he can slide into a disciplinarian when confronted by the boys' bad behavior. He comes from a wealthy family who resent his choice to marry Lois over Susan (an action also shared by Victor and Ida). Hal has a hard time making good decisions, which he often deferred to Lois. Despite the fact many of the neighbors hate his family, Hal blends in well with them. He loves Lois more than she loves him, never even thinking about other women. He is also very scared of her, even more than the boys are, which is why he often bribes their sons to take the fall for his wrongdoings. He is very neurotic and has a slight obsessive-compulsive disorder, and also enjoys unusual hobbies. Hal is also a sex addict, this was revealed in the episode "Forbidden Girlfriend" when Lois is taking medication and is unable to have sex for an entire week, it is mentioned again in the episode "Poker 2" when Hal tells his friends he has sex 14 times per week. It was also revealed that Hal was a chain smoker before quitting the habit. Hal's best friend is Abe Kenarban.

text: Francis[edit]

text: Francis, played by Christopher Masterson (119 episodes), is the oldest of the brothers, whom Malcolm often looks up to. It is revealed in the episodes "Sleepover" and "The Bots and the Bees" in season one that Francis was a breech birth, and in "Flashback" in season 2, that Lois was in labor with him during her and Hal's wedding. A rebel from birth, showing signs of Attention-Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder and Conduct Disorder, he was exiled to Marlin Academy by Lois for his behavior before eventually emancipating himself to run away from the Academy to work in Alaska, incurring his mother's wrath. Upon moving to Alaska, he marries a local woman named Piama, who is about one year older than him, and had previously been married briefly, and whom Lois doesn't like. In the series finale, Hal discovers that Francis has taken a job with Amerysis, and Francis admits he likes sitting at a desk sorting computer data. However, he also admits that he has no intentions of telling Lois about the job and enjoys torturing her by telling her that he's still unemployed.

text: Malcolm[edit]

text: Malcolm, portrayed by Frankie Muniz (all 151 episodes), is the protagonist of the series. He is Three years younger than his oldest brother Francis, one 1/2 years younger than his older brother Reese, five years older than his younger brother Dewey, and about 15 years older than his youngest brother Jamie. In the first episode of the series, he is discovered to be a child prodigy and immediately moved from his regular class into the 'Krelboynes', a class for gifted students. Despite his high intelligence, he still gets into mischief either alongside or working against his brothers (in particular, Reese), although he becomes more self-absorbed and egotistical in the later seasons as he goes through puberty. Malcolm, like Reese, is not very popular. However, he has had a number of girlfriends during the series run. Even though he is very intelligent, Malcolm has a short temper, can be easily manipulated and also has problems containing his opinion about himself. Malcolm also occasionally serves as the voice of reason, and does have a conscience, (for instance, despite emotionally manipulating a grieving Hal to buy him a car in the episode "Hal Grieves," when the time comes to make the purchase he finds he can't go through with it). In the series finale, it is revealed that Lois intended him to have a hard life, knowing that he is destined to assume the role of President of the United States; she wants him to remember where he came from to get there and try to help families like his own when he assumes the office. Malcolm eventually comes to terms with his future, after being unable to tell Lois he can't do it. In the series finale, Malcolm begins taking classes at Harvard University. Throughout the series, Malcolm frequently breaks the fourth wall and talks to the viewer about either the current situation or giving exposition about past events.

text: Lois[edit]

text: Lois, played by Jane Kaczmarek (146 episodes), is Francis, Reese, Malcolm, Dewey, and Jamie's angry and temperamental mother. She is an overbearing control freak despised by the neighbors to the point that they refuse to invite her to their gatherings, revealed in "Mono". Unlike Malcolm, Lois isn't bothered by it and tries her best to blend in with it. She was revealed to be a charming and a nurturing mother while Francis was little, but toughened up. She is also always stubbornly right, to the point of being unable to say that she was wrong. It was also shown that she is overbearing and mad as a result of her children's bad behavior, and not her pure hate. At the series finale, Lois is revealed to be pregnant with a sixth child (actually twins). Her unfairness and behavior also come from her miserable childhood, living with a tough mother and an uncaring father (both of whom favored her younger sister, Susan).

text: Reese[edit]

text: Reese, played by Justin Berfield (all 151 episodes), is the second oldest of the sons. He is two years younger than his older brother Francis, one year older than his younger brother Malcolm, six years older than his younger brother Dewey, and about 16 years older than his youngest brother Jamie. It was revealed in the episode "Flashback", in season 2, that Reese has been vicious from the womb, so vicious in fact that when he kept kicking Lois during labor, she pushed him out by force. A complete moron from birth, Reese is the worst-behaved of the brothers. Reese is inclined to beat up the Krelboynes. He is intimidated by certain students, including Ira, a dumb jock at school. Despite his violent, idiotic nature, Reese is a culinary prodigy, after finding that he has a talent and genuine love for cooking and baking. He is also the favorite grandson of his grandmother Ida, who taught him the importance of having patsies. In the series finale, Reese moves in with Craig Feldspar and is a janitor at his alma mater North High.

text: Dewey[edit]

text: Dewey, played by Erik Per Sullivan (all 151 episodes), is portrayed as being quieter and more inclined to the arts than his brothers. He soon finds he is a musical prodigy, and as the series goes on he becomes more caring and thoughtful especially in regards to his younger brother Jamie, whom he decides not to bully like he was by Malcolm and Reese. Lois remarks at one point that unlike Malcolm, who would have to work hard to achieve success, Dewey would have success handed to him. Dewey joins the Buseys, a class for the emotionally disturbed, by mistake and ends up becoming their unofficial teacher. He ended up caring for his fellow students so much that, when the mistake was uncovered, he feigned severe emotional problems so he could remain. In the final few seasons, Dewey becomes increasingly bitter towards his parents due to them overlooking him throughout his childhood and neglecting his interests. Because of this, he forces them to give Jamie the childhood he never had. In the last episode, he and Jamie (the only other remaining brother living at home) continued the tradition of causing havoc all over the house.

text: Jamie[edit]

text: Jamie was played by identical twin brothers James and Lukas Rodriguez (35 episodes). The youngest brother born who is the only brother to have beaten Lois in her own game, bordering to attacking her (though Reese was mostly responsible for feeding him soda). Like Malcolm and Dewey, Jamie is revealed to be intelligent, evident when he tricked Reese into taking a marker after he colored part of the wall.

text: Recurring characters[edit]

text: This section may need to be rewritten entirely to comply with Wikipedia's quality standards. You can help. The discussion page may contain suggestions. (March 2014)

text:
Stevie Kenarban, played by Craig Lamar Traylor (56 episodes), is Malcolm's best friend and classmate. He is wheelchair-bound and is missing a lung, requiring him to speak slowly and take deep breaths after saying a word. Though Malcolm is initially upset when Lois arranges a "playdate" for him and Stevie in the pilot episode, the boys immediately find common ground, particularly their love of comic books, and become friends. His parents are very overprotective of him, although Stevie displays in many episodes that he lives very comfortably with his disability and even has a dark sense of humor about it.
Craig Feldspar, portrayed by David Anthony Higgins (39 episodes), is Lois' co-worker at the Lucky Aide. He is a hopeless romantic, and has unrequited feelings for Lois. He is very childish and is a coward. He plays the ukulele and the banjo, and he sings in a countertenor voice. By the end of the series, Craig becomes Reese's roommate.
Piama Tananahaakna, played by Emy Coligado (29 episodes), is Francis' wife whom he met and married off-screen during his year in Alaska. Piama is about a year older than Francis, and before him, Piama had previously been married briefly. Primarily due to her being brought home under volatile circumstances, in which Francis (while still a minor, although emancipated) shocked the family with news of the marriage and thus disrupting Hal's birthday party, Lois disliked Piama from her introduction in the third season and into the fourth. However, after an embarrassing encounter with her wealthy in-law's, Lois has been much more respectful of Piama. She originally started off against having children, but by Graduation, Piama got over it after Reese's prank went awry ("We may as well go ahead and have kids now, I'm not afraid of changing diapers any more.")
Victor Welker and Ida Kenzel-Welker, played by Robert Loggia (1 episode) and Cloris Leachman (11 episodes) respectively, are Lois' parents of a Croatian background. Victor dies some time before the events of the season two episode "Christmas", in which Ida is widowed. Ida harbors a strong dislike for both Francis and Lois, evident for the way she has been treated by them. She favors Reese, which allows him to love her. Ida belittles Malcolm for being weak in not standing up against his mother and largely ignores Dewey (although she did, on one occasion, save him from being hit by a car, causing her to lose a leg). Ida harbored resentment towards Victor's secret other family for stealing what was rightfully hers, until Lois discovered that she isn't blood related to Victor (and possibly Susan as well) and abandoned Ida. Ida acknowledged that her life growing up in Croatia under the Ustaše was difficult, possibly due to the Ustaše's policies.
Abraham "Abe" Kenarban, played by Gary Anthony Williams (19 episodes), is Stevie's father and Kitty's husband, and a close family friend of both Lois and particularly Hal. Abe is initially depicted as cowardly and dependent on Kitty's guidance (which he attributes to his upbringing, having been raised by his grandmother and four spinster aunts). However he ultimately becomes more self-reliant after Kitty's departure. Despite this, Abe is more than willing to take Kitty back after her return, going as far as to harbor resentment towards Lois after she criticized Kitty's deciscion to leave.
Kitty Kenarban, played by Merrin Dungey (5 episodes), is Stevie's mother and Abe's wife. Because of actress Merrin Dungey's commitment to the ABC series Alias, Kitty remains unseen for much of the series before it is revealed that she abandoned her husband and son, briefly throwing Stevie into a deep depression. She returns briefly in the season six episode "Kitty's Back".
Caroline Miller, played by Catherine Lloyd Burns (15 episodes), is the primary teacher of Malcolm's "Krelboyne" class in the first two seasons. She is shown to be overly-earnest as well as to adore Malcolm, who might possibly have been her favorite student. In season 1, she is included as part of the main cast, but in season 2, is a recurring character. In season 2, she is shown to be pregnant until she gives birth to her baby in the parking lot. After her baby was born, she quit teaching. She was never seen or mentioned again after season 2.
Cynthia Sanders, played by Tania Raymonde (4 episodes), is one of Malcolm's classmates. She has a very extensive vocabulary, but has a difficult time making friends. Depicted as relatively cheerful, Cynthia becomes one of Malcolm's earliest crushes on the show, although a relationship never develops. Cynthia is last seen claiming to never have sex with Malcolm again (which never happened in the first place) to snap him out of a recent funk and keep him from pulling a prank meant to get him sent away like Francis.
Lloyd Jensen, played by Evan Matthew Cohen (25 episodes) is one of Malcolm's "Krelboyne" classmates who recurs throughout the series. He frequently worries about random small things, gets hurt, and falls victim to bullies. He also has an effeminate personality.
Dabney Hooper, played by Kyle Sullivan (24 episodes) is one of Malcolm's "Krelboyne" classmates who recurs throughout the series. Often depicted as the weakest and most cowardly of the group, Dabney's life is almost completely controlled by his overbearing mother, although in his last appearance his ability to release his anger towards his mom results in him immediately developing a tougher persona.
Flora Mayesh, played by Kristin Quick (15 episodes), is one of Malcolm's other "Krelboyne" classmates. Flora was mostly just a background character and rarely had dialogue and was therefore not in the credits for 12 of her episodes.
Eraserhead, played by Will Jennings (12 episodes), is one of Malcolm's "Krelboyne" classmates who recurs throughout early episodes of the series.
Kevin, played by Victor Z. Isaac (5 episodes)
Jessica, played by Hayden Panettiere (4 episodes), is a classmate of Malcolm and Reese's. In one instance, she babysat Malcolm and Reese despite being younger than them, embarrassing the brothers.
Mr. Herkabe (first name Lionel), played by Chris Eigeman (8 episodes), is introduced in Season 3 as the Krelboynes' teacher after Caroline leaves. A Krelboyne himself in middle school, he was forced into a teaching career after losing his millions in a failed dot-com company. He is portrayed as an evil and conniving man who thrives on psychological warfare and making children suffer. He is especially threatened by Malcolm and quickly becomes his nemesis at school, even blackmailing North High's principal, Block (before Hodges took over), into hiring him as vice principal when Malcolm enrolls there. For some reason Mr. Herkabe also intensely enjoys humiliating Reese to antagonize Malcolm more. However, Herkabe's arrogance in confessing that he had failed gym and lied about not taking the course, was brought to light that led to his GPA Award being revoked by Mr. Hodges. He was last seen being humiliated by Reese during dodgeball.
Commandant Edwin Spangler, played by Daniel von Bargen (16 episodes), is the military veteran in charge of the cadets at Marlin Academy. He has a contentious relationship with the rebellious Francis throughout his entire stay at the Academy, although the two were shown at times to have a deep sympathy for the other's emotional scarring.
Cadet Eric Hansen, played by Eric Nenninger (28 episodes), one of Francis' friends and classmates from Marlin Academy. Francis accompanies Eric in his plan to abandon the Academy to find well-paying labor work in Alaska. At the end of season three, Eric is seen for the final time being left by Francis to hitchhike home, possibly as revenge for even suggesting to find work in Alaska.
Lavernia, played by Brenda Wehle (10 episodes), is Francis and Eric's malevolent boss who owns the logging site in Alaska. She has a debt book and presumably knows every dirty secret about her workers. Lavernia has a personal grudge towards Piama, who blackmailed her to be nice to Francis by holding her pet parakeet hostage.
Otto Mankusser, played by Kenneth Mars (13 episodes), is Francis' friendly and cheerful boss at the dude ranch, albeit a bit naïve at times.
Ed, played by Paul Wilson (5 episodes), is one of the many neighbors who despises Hal and Lois, along with Reese. He has shown some favoritism towards Malcolm for helping him set up his new computer.

tag: ul


document_title: Chick-fil-A

question_text: how many chick fil a dwarf houses are there

text: Chick-fil-A

text: History[edit]

text: The chain's origin can be traced to the Dwarf Grill (now the Dwarf House), a restaurant opened by S. Truett Cathy, the chain's former chairman and CEO, in 1946. The restaurant is located in Hapeville, Georgia, a suburb of Atlanta,[3] and is near the location of the now-demolished Ford Motor Company Atlanta Assembly Plant, for many years a source of many of the restaurant's patrons.

text: In 1961, after 15 years in the fast food business, Cathy found a pressure-fryer that could cook the chicken sandwich in the same amount of time it took to cook a fast-food hamburger.[7] Following this discovery, he registered the name Chick-fil-A, Inc. The company's trademarked slogan, "We Didn't Invent the Chicken, Just the Chicken Sandwich,"[8] refers to their flagship menu item, the Chick-fil-A chicken sandwich.

text: The first Chick-fil-A opened in 1967, in the food court of the Greenbriar Mall, in a suburb of Atlanta.[3] During the 1970s and early 1980s, the chain expanded by opening new franchises in suburban malls' food courts.[9] The first freestanding franchise was opened April 16, 1986, on North Druid Hills Road in Atlanta, Georgia,[10] and the company began to focus more on this type of franchise than on the food court type. Although it has expanded outward from its original geographic base, most new restaurants are located in Southern suburban areas.[3] In October 2015, the company opened a three-story 5,000-square-foot restaurant in Manhattan that became the largest free-standing Chick-fil-A in the country at that time.[11][12] As of 2016, the chain has approximately 1,950 locations.[3] It also has 31 drive-through-only locations.[3] Chick-fil-A also can be found at universities, hospitals, and airports through licensing agreements.[3]

text: Since 1997, the Atlanta-based company has been the title sponsor of the Peach Bowl, an annual college football bowl game played in Atlanta on New Year's Eve. Chick-fil-A also is a key sponsor of the SEC and the ACC of college athletics.[13][14]

text: The company expanded for the first time outside of the United States by opening an outlet at the Calgary International Airport in Calgary, Alberta, Canada in May 2014.[15][16] This restaurant is located near the departure area for flights bound for the United States.[15] However, per tradition, it is closed Sundays and Christmas Day.

text: Business model[edit]

text: Chick-fil-A retains ownership of each restaurant. Chick-fil-A selects the restaurant location and builds it.[17] Chick-fil-A franchisees need only a $10,000 initial investment to become an operator.[18] Since 2010, Chick-fil-A has led the fast food industry in average sales per restaurant, despite being open only six days a week,[19] earning an average $4.8 million per restaurant in 2016 (Whataburger was second with $2.7 million per restaurant).[20]

text: Advertising[edit]

text: "Eat Mor Chikin" is the chain's most prominent advertising slogan, created by The Richards Group in 1995. The slogan is often seen in advertisements, featuring Holstein dairy cows[21] that are often seen wearing (or holding) signs that (usually) read: "Eat Mor Chikin" in all capital letters. The ad campaign was temporarily halted during a mad cow disease scare on January 1, 2004, so as not to make the chain seem insensitive or appear to be taking advantage of the scare to increase its sales. Two months later, the cows were put up again. The cows replaced the chain's old mascot, Doodles, an anthropomorphized chicken who still appears as the C on the logo.[22]

text: Chick-fil-A vigorously protects its intellectual property, sending cease and desist letters to those they think have infringed on their trademarks.[23] The corporation has successfully protested at least 30 instances of the use of an "eat more" phrase, saying that the use would cause confusion of the public, dilute the distinctiveness of their intellectual property, and diminish its value.[24]

text: A 2011 letter to Vermont artist Bo Muller-Moore who screen prints T-shirts reading: "Eat More Kale" demanded that he cease printing the shirts and turn over his website.[25] The incident drew criticism from Vermont governor Peter Shumlin, and has created backlash against what he termed Chick-fil-A's "corporate bullying."[26] On December 11, 2014, Bo Muller-Moore announced that the U.S. Patent Office granted his application to trademark his "Eat More Kale" phrase. A formal announcement of his victory took place on December 12, 2014, with Shumlin and other supporters on the Statehouse steps. His public fight drew regional and national attention, the support of Shumlin, and a team of pro-bono law students from the University of New Hampshire legal clinic.[27]

text: After 22 years with The Richards Group, Chick-fil-A switched to McCann New York in 2016. Along with the cows, ads included famous people in history in a campaign called "Chicken for Breakfast. It's not as crazy as you think."[28]

text: Sponsored events[edit]

text: Related restaurants[edit]

text: The Hapeville Dwarf House[edit]

text: Truett Cathy opened his first restaurant, The Dwarf Grill – later renamed the Dwarf House – in Hapeville, Georgia, in 1946, and developed the pressure-cooked chicken breast sandwich there.[3] At the original Chick-fil-A Dwarf Grill, in addition to the full-size entrances, there is also an extra small-sized front door.[31] The original Dwarf House in Hapeville, Georgia is open 24 hours a day, six days a week, except on Sundays, Thanksgiving, and Christmas. The store closes at 10:00 p.m. on Saturday nights, and the day before Thanksgiving and Christmas and reopens at 6 a.m. on Monday mornings and day after Thanksgiving and Christmas. It has a larger dine-in menu than the other Dwarf House locations as well as an animated seven dwarfs display in the back of the restaurant.[31] It was across the street from the former Ford Motor Company factory called Atlanta Assembly.

text: Dwarf House[edit]

text: Truett's original, full-service restaurants offer a substantial menu and provide customers a choice of table service, walk-up counter service or a drive-thru window. As of 2012[update], 13 Chick-fil-A Dwarf House restaurants were operating in the metro Atlanta area.[3]

text: Truett's Grill[edit]

text: In 1996, the first Truett's Grill was opened in Morrow, Georgia. The second location opened in 2003 in McDonough, Georgia, and a third location opened in 2006 in Griffin, Georgia.[32] Similar to the Chick-fil-A Dwarf Houses, these independently owned restaurants offer traditional, sit-down dining and expanded menu selections in a diner-themed dinner. [33][34][35] In 2017, Chick-fil-A demolished several Dwarf House locations to replace them with Truett's Grill locations.[36][37]

text: Corporate culture[edit]

text: S. Truett Cathy was a devout Southern Baptist; his religious beliefs had a major impact on the company.[38] The company's official statement of corporate purpose says that the business exists "To glorify God by being a faithful steward of all that is entrusted to us. To have a positive influence on all who come in contact with Chick-fil-A."[39]

text: Cathy's beliefs are also responsible for one of the chain's distinctive features: all Chick-fil-A locations (corporate owned and franchised) are closed on Sundays,[40] as well as on Thanksgiving and Christmas.[41] Cathy states as the final step in his Five-Step recipe for Business Success "I was not so committed to financial success that I was willing to abandon my principles and priorities. One of the most visible examples of this is our decision to close on Sunday. Our decision to close on Sunday was our way of honoring God and of directing our attention to things that mattered more than our business."[42]

text: In an interview with ABC News's Nightline, Truett's son Dan T. Cathy told reporter Vicki Mabrey that the company is also closed on Sundays because "by the time Sunday came, he was just worn out. And Sunday was not a big trading day, anyway, at the time. So he was closed that first Sunday and we've been closed ever since. He figured if he didn't like working on Sundays, that other people didn't either." The younger Cathy also quoted his father as saying, "I don't want to ask people to do that what I am not willing to do myself."[43]

text: Their website states, "The Chick-fil-A culture and service tradition in our Restaurants is to treat every person with honor, dignity and respect –regardless of their belief, race, creed, sexual orientation or gender."[44]

text: Chick-fil-A's reputation on being closed on Sundays extends to non-traditional locations. In addition to countless shopping malls and airports, a Chick-fil-A location at Mercedes-Benz Stadium in Atlanta will be closed on Sundays despite its main tenant, the Atlanta Falcons, playing most of their home games on Sundays. The location will be open when the Falcons have a Monday night or Thursday night home game, as well as non-Sunday home games of Atlanta United FC and other events at the stadium. On Sundays, the digital signs will be flipped and concessionaire Levy Restaurants will sell nonbranded food and drinks at the location.[45]

text: Same-sex marriage controversy[edit]

text: In January 2011, the media reported that Chick-fil-A was co-sponsoring a marriage conference with the Pennsylvania Family Institute (PFI), an organization that has opposed same-sex marriage legislation.[46][47][48][49][50] Chick-fil-A clarified that "one of our independent Restaurant Operators in Pennsylvania was asked to provide sandwiches to two Art of Marriage video seminars".[51] The WinShape Foundation, a charitable organization founded by Truett and his wife, also stated that it would not allow same-sex couples to participate in its marriage retreats.[52]

text: Chick-fil-A has donated over $5 million, via WinShape, to groups that oppose same-sex marriage. Of this, more than $3 million was donated primarily to Christian organizations whose agendas included positions that oppose same-sex marriage,[53] with the money donated between 2003 and 2009.[54][55][56][57][58][59][60][61] A total of $1.9 million was donated in 2010 to groups such as the Marriage & Family Foundation, Exodus International, and the Family Research Council (FRC).[62] That year, the FRC, which received $1,000[54][55][56][57][58][59][60][61] was listed as an anti-gay[63] hate group by the Southern Poverty Law Center.[64][65][66] WinShape has also contributed to Christian groups including the Fellowship of Christian Athletes and Exodus International, the latter is noted for supporting ex-gay conversion therapy.[62] In response, students at several colleges and universities worked to ban or remove the company's restaurants from their campuses. On January 28, 2013, Shane L. Windmeyer, the leader of Campus Pride, suspended their campaign.[67][68][69]

text: In June and July 2012, Chick-fil-A's chief operating officer Dan T. Cathy made several public statements about same-sex marriage, saying that those who "have the audacity to define what marriage is about" were "inviting God's judgment on our nation".[70][71][72][73][74] Several prominent politicians expressed disapproval.[75] Boston Mayor Thomas Menino and Chicago Alderman Proco "Joe" Moreno said they hoped to block franchise expansion into their areas.[76][77][78] The proposed bans drew criticism from liberal pundits, legal experts, and the American Civil Liberties Union.[79][80][81] The Jim Henson Company, which had a Pajanimals kids' meal toy licensing arrangement with Chick-fil-A, said it would cease its business relationship, and donate the payment to the Gay & Lesbian Alliance Against Defamation.[82][83][84] Chick-fil-A stopped distributing the toys, claiming that unrelated safety concerns that had arisen prior to the controversy.[85] Chick-fil-A released a statement on July 31, 2012, saying, "We are a restaurant company focused on food, service, and hospitality; our intent is to leave the policy debate over same-sex marriage to the government and political arena."[86]

text: Response[edit]

text: In response to the controversy, former Arkansas Governor Mike Huckabee initiated a Chick-fil-A Appreciation Day movement to counter a boycott of Chick-fil-A launched by same-sex marriage activists.[87][88][89] More than 600,000 people RSVPed on Facebook for Huckabee's appreciation event.[88] On August 1, Chick-fil-A restaurants experienced a large show of public support across the nation with the company reporting record-breaking sales.[87][88][89] A consulting firm estimated that the average Chick-fil-A restaurant had 29.9 percent more sales and 367 more customers than it did on a typical Wednesday.[18]

text: Report of policy change[edit]

text: In September 2012, The Civil Rights Agenda (TCRA) announced that Chick-fil-A had "ceased donating to organizations that promote discrimination, specifically against LGBT civil rights." Chick-fil-A officials did state in an internal document that they "will treat every person equally, regardless of sexual orientation."[90] In a letter from Chick-fil-A's Senior Director of Real Estate, the company states, "The WinShape Foundation is now taking a much closer look at the organizations it considers helping, and in that process will remain true to its stated philosophy of not supporting organizations with political agendas."[91][92]

text: According to Chicago Alderman Proco "Joe" Moreno, Chick-fil-A has a statement of respect for all people regardless of sexual orientation in an internal document called Chick-fil-A: Who We Are. A document released by Chick-fil-A on September 20, 2012, does not mention any organizations opposed to same-sex marriage as being part of Chick-fil-A's donation base. WinShape Marriage will continue to be supported financially, with a stated focus on couple retreats to strengthen marriages.[93]

text: According to Focus on the Family's website, CitizenLink.com, "Chick-fil-A and its charitable-giving arm, the WinShape Foundation, did not agree to stop making donations to groups that support the Biblical definition of marriage in exchange for being allowed to open a franchise in Chicago."[94] Mike Huckabee stated that he "talked earlier today personally with Dan Cathy, CEO of Chick Fil-A about the new reports that Chick Fil-A had capitulated to demands of the supporters of same sex marriage. This is not true. The company continues to focus on the fair treatment of all of its customers and employees, but to end confusion gave me this statement." The statement provided by Chick-fil-A was posted on Huckabee's website.[95][96]

text: Recipe changes[edit]

text: Though Chick-fil-A has always used trans-fat free processes in its chicken sandwiches, anticipating the dietary concerns of consumers, in 2008, it became the first fast-food restaurant to become completely trans-fat free.[97]

text: In 2011, food blogger and activist Vani Hari wrote a post titled "Chick-fil-A or Chemical Fil-A?" on her website, FoodBabe.com. She noted that Chick-fil-A sandwiches contained nearly 100 ingredients, including peanut oil with TBHQ.[98] In October 2012, Chick-fil-A invited Hari to meet with company executives at its Atlanta, GA headquarters.[99] In December 2013, Chick-fil-A notified Hari that it had eliminated the dye Yellow No. 5 and had reduced the sodium content in its chicken soup. The company also said that it is testing a peanut oil that does not contain TBHQ and that it would start testing sauces and dressings made without high-fructose corn syrup in 2014.[99]

text: Plan to raise its chickens without antibiotics[edit]

text: According to the Food and Drug Administration, antibiotics used in livestock, many of which are also used to treat humans, have contributed to the rise of dangerous bacteria. In December 2012, the FDA announced plans to phase out certain antibiotics in the food production industry.[100]

text: In February 2014, Chick-fil-A announced plans to serve chicken raised without antibiotics in its restaurants nationwide within five years. Chick-fil-A is the first quick service restaurant to set forth a plan and commit to serving only poultry raised without antibiotics. There have been no known protests from poultry farmers who support antibiotics.[101]


document_title: List of Chennai Super Kings records

question_text: who has taken most catches for csk in 2018

text: List of Chennai Super Kings records

text: Team records[edit]

text: Results summary[edit]

text:
Team
Span
Mat
Won
Lost
Tie+W
Tie+L
NR
Win %

Chennai Super Kings
2008–2018
149
90
57
0

2
60.43

text: Last updated: 10 April 2018

text: Highest total[edit]

text:
Score
Team
Opponent
Season

246/5
Chennai Super Kings
Rajasthan Royals
2010

240/5
Chennai Super Kings
Kings XI Punjab
2008

text: Last updated: 10 June 2015

text: Lowest total[edit]

text:
Score
Team
Opponent
Season

79
Chennai Super Kings
Mumbai Indians
2013

text: Last updated: 10 June 2015

text: Highest successful run chase[edit]

text:
Score
Team
Opponent
Season

211/4
Chennai Super Kings
Royal Challengers Bangalore
2014

text: Last updated: 10 June 2015

text: Most consecutive wins[edit]

text:
Streak
Team
Season

6
Chennai Super Kings
2013

text: Batting records[edit]

text: Most runs[edit]

text:
Batsman
Matches
Runs
Span

 Suresh Raina (CSK)
176
4985
2008-2018

text: Full Table on Cricinfo

text: Last updated: 28 April 2018

text: Highest individual score[edit]

text:
Batsman
Runs

 Murali Vijay (CSK, KXIP)
127

text:
Full Table on Cricinfo
Last updated: 19 Apr 2015

text: Most sixes[edit]

text:
MS Dhoni (CSK,RPS)- [183]6s
Full Table on Cricinfo Last updated: 11 May 2018

text: Bowling records[edit]

text: Most wickets in the team[edit]

text: Full Table on Cricinfo Last updated: 26 May 2015

text: Best bowling figures in an innings[edit]

text:
Player
Ovr
BBI
Opp
Season

Ravindra Jadeja (CSK)

4.0

5-16

Deccan Chargers (DC)

2012

text:
Full Table on Cricinfo
Last updated: 15 Oct 2016

text: Best economy rates[edit]

text:
Player
Mat
Econ
Span

 Ravichandran Ashwin (CSK)
86
6.53
2009–2015

text: List of Hat-tricks[edit]

text:
No.
Bowler
Opp
Season

1

 Lakshmipathy Balaji (CSK)

KXIP

2008

2

 Makhaya Ntini (CSK)

KKR

2008

text: Last updated: 21 Apr 2015

text: Wicketkeeping and Fielding records[edit]

text: Most dismissals[edit]

text: Mahendra Singh Dhoni (CSK,RPS)-88 dismissals

text:
Full Table on Cricinfo
Last updated: 10 May 2015

text: Most catches (fielder)[edit]

text:
Player
Mat
Ct
Span

 Suresh Raina (CSK)
167
88
2008–2018

text:
Full Table on Cricinfo
Last updated: 29 Apr 2018

text: Miscellaneous records[edit]

text:
Records

Player / Team

Stats

Season

Most wins[2]

Chennai Super Kings

77

(2008-2015, 2018)

Highest win%[2]

Chennai Super Kings

61.96

(2008-2015)

Most matches[3]

 Suresh Raina (CSK)

130

(2008-2015)

Most matches as captain[4]

 MS Dhoni (CSK)

127

(2008-2015)

text: Last updated: 19 Apr 2015

text: Awards[edit]

text: Orange cap[edit]

text: Note: Orange cap winners are the players with most runs in a season

text:
Season
Player
Mat
Runs
Ref

2009
 Matthew Hayden (CSK)
12
572
[5]

2013
 Michael Hussey (CSK)
16
733
[6]

text: Last updated: 25 May 2015

text: Purple cap[edit]

text: Note: Purple cap winners are the players with most wickets in a season

text:
Season
Player
Mat
Wkts
Ref

2013
 DJ Bravo (CSK)
18
32
[7]

2014
 Mohit Sharma (CSK)
16
23
[8]

2015
 DJ Bravo (CSK)
16
26
[9]

text: Last updated: 25 May 2015

text: Player of the match (final)[edit]

text:
Season

Player of the match in finals
Ref

2010
 Suresh Raina
[10]

2011
 Murali Vijay
[11]

2018
 Shane Watson

text: Last updated: 19 Apr 2015


document_title: Hunt for the Wilderpeople

question_text: where was the hunt for the wilderpeople filmed

text: Hunt for the Wilderpeople

text: Plot[edit]

text: Ricky Baker (Dennison), a juvenile delinquent who was abandoned by his mother, is taken by child welfare services officer Paula and police officer Andy, to live in a remote farm with foster mother Bella and her husband, the cantankerous southern man Hec (Neill). Hec is remote, but Bella quickly manages to break through Ricky's defensive shell by taking him hunting and giving him a dog for his 13th birthday, which he names Tupac after his idol Tupac Shakur.

text: When Bella suddenly dies and Hec tells Ricky that child services will take him back, Ricky ineptly fakes his suicide by burning a barn and runs away into the bush with Tupac, where he is completely unable to cope and gets lost.  Hec finds him easily but breaks his ankle in a fall, forcing the two to camp for a period of time.  The authorities meanwhile have found the house empty and the barn burnt down, and come to the conclusion that the bereaved and mentally unstable Hec has abducted Ricky.  The impression is strengthened after an encounter with three foolish hunters who get the idea that Hec is molesting Ricky.  Hec reveals to Ricky that he has served prison time for manslaughter and is illiterate.  Ricky, in turn, says his only friend in foster care has died and that his only options are risking the same fate in the foster system, or serve time in juvenile prison.  The pair agree to disappear into the bush.

text: A national manhunt ensues, and the two slowly bond while working together to escape arrest. Upon finding another hut, they encounter an unconscious, diabetic ranger. Ricky leaves to find help and runs into a girl his age named Kahu. She takes him back to her house and introduces him to her dad. Ricky stays the night and returns next morning to the hut where Hec was supposed to be. Ricky finds the place to be swarming with police, led by Paula. Ricky runs away. He later encounters Paula and Andy in the bush, separated by a ravine. Paula attempts to bribe Ricky, asking him to say that Hec was a sex offender. In return, she tells him that he won't ever go to juvenile prison. Ricky declines and runs away. Ricky catches up to Hec by remembering the survival strategies Hec taught him, and they continue their travels. After a traumatic encounter with a wild boar during which Hec's dog Zag is mortally wounded, forcing Hec to euthanize her, Ricky reveals he has been carrying Bella's ashes and originally planned to deliver them to "where the earth wets the cloak of the sky," as per her wishes. They scatter Bella's ashes into a remote waterfall high in a mountain range.  Ricky and Hec find a man living out on his own called Psycho Sam (Darby). Sam lets them stay the night. After five months of surviving in the wilderness and several close calls, they are finally caught following a car and helicopter chase, and Ricky accidentally shoots Hec.  Hec gets remanded and Ricky is taken in by Kahu's family.

text: After Hec's release from jail, Ricky, with his new foster family's permission, returns to the bush with Hec to photograph the huia, an extinct bird they had re-discovered during their time on the run.

text: Cast[edit]

text:
Sam Neill as "Uncle" Hec Faulkner
Julian Dennison as Ricky Baker
Rima Te Wiata as "Aunt" Bella
Rachel House as Paula, a child welfare worker
Rhys Darby as Psycho Sam
Oscar Kightley as Andy, a police officer
Tioreore Ngatai-Melbourne as Kahu
Troy Kingi as TK
Cohen Holloway as Hugh
Stan Walker as Ron
Mike Minogue as Joe
Hamish Parkinson as Gavin
Taika Waititi as the Minister

text: Production[edit]

text: Waititi first began to adapt the book Wild Pork and Watercress in 2005, and completed multiple different drafts.[10] The early drafts stayed true to the book, with characters dying, however this was revised in later versions.[11] Julian Dennison was cast by Waititi from earlier work they did together on a commercial.[12]

text: The film had a budget of approximately NZ$4.5 million,[12][13] of which $2 million came from the New Zealand Film Commission.

text: The film was shot over 5 weeks, in locations including the Central Plateau and the Waitakere Ranges.[14] Almost the entire film was shot using a single camera.

text: Release[edit]

text: The film premiered at the 2016 Sundance Film Festival on 22 January 2016 and was released in cinemas on 31 March 2016 in New Zealand by Madman Entertainment and The Orchard. The film was released on DVD and Blu-ray in America on 25 October 2016 by Sony Pictures Home Entertainment.

text: The soundtrack by Moniker was released on 8 April 2016 by Majestical Pictures Ltd.

text: Reception[edit]

text: Box office[edit]

text: The film grossed NZ$1,263,000 in New Zealand on its opening weekend, the highest grossing opening weekend for a New Zealand film, ahead of What Becomes of the Broken Hearted?'s $912,000.[8][nb 1] It has become the highest grossing New Zealand film, making over NZ$12 million.

text: Internationally, as of October 2016 the film has grossed $10,935,319 (AUD) in Australia, in the UK $507,380 (USD) and $5,137,201 (USD) in North America.

text: Critical response[edit]

text: On Rotten Tomatoes, Hunt for the Wilderpeople received a score of 97%, based on 169 reviews, with an average rating of 7.9/10. The site's critical consensus reads: "The charmingly offbeat Hunt for the Wilderpeople unites a solid cast, a talented filmmaker, and a poignant, funny, deeply affecting message."[15] On Metacritic, the film has a score of 81 out of 100, based on 30 reviews, indicating "universal acclaim".[16]

text: In his review, Hamish Popplestone remarked: "Though both flawed, Neill's and Dennison's characters are so, so charming on-screen and are fully apt at weaving through the dramatic, comedic, and sad points of the script."[17] Empire magazine named Hunt for the Wilderpeople the number one film for 2016.[18]

text: Notes[edit]

text: Jump up ^ While the films of The Lord of the Rings and The Hobbit trilogies had higher grossing opening weekends, they do not meet the definition of a New Zealand film per the New Zealand Film Commission Act 1978.

tag: ol