document_title: Pontiac Firebird

question_text: when did they stop making pontiac trans am

question_tokens: when did they stop making pontiac trans am

root

text: Pontiac Firebird

text: First generation (February 23, 1967–1969)[edit]

text:
First generation
OverviewProduction
February 23, 1967–1969Assembly
Lordstown, Ohio, United States (1967–1969)Van Nuys, California, United States (1968–1969)Norwood, Ohio, United States (1969)Body and chassisBody style
2-door coupe2-door convertibleLayout
FR layoutPlatform
F-bodyRelated
Chevrolet Camaro (first generation)PowertrainEngine
230 cu in (3.8 L) Pontiac SOHC I6250 cu in (4.1 L) Pontiac SOHC I6326 cu in (5.3 L) Pontiac V8350 cu in (5.7 L) Pontiac V8400 cu in (6.6 L) Pontiac V8Transmission
2-speed Powerglide automatic 3-speed Turbo-Hydramatic automatic  3-speed manual 4-speed manualDimensionsWheelbase
108.1 in (2,746 mm) (1967)Length
188.8 in (4,796 mm) (1967)Width
72.6 in (1,844 mm) (1967)Height
51.5 in (1,308 mm) (1967)[4]

tag: table

text: The first generation Firebird had characteristic Coke bottle styling shared with its cousin, the Chevrolet Camaro.  Announcing a Pontiac styling trend, the Firebird's bumpers were integrated into the design of the front end,[5] giving it a more streamlined look than the Camaro.  The Firebird's rear "slit" taillights were inspired by the 1966–1967 Pontiac GTO. Both a two-door hardtop and a convertible were offered through the 1969 model year. Originally, the car was a "consolation prize" for Pontiac, which had desired to produce a two-seat sports car based on its original Banshee concept car. However, GM feared this would cut into Chevrolet Corvette sales, and gave Pontiac a piece of the "pony car" market through sharing the F-body platform with Chevrolet.

tag: p

text:
The 1967 base model Firebird came equipped with the Pontiac 230 cu in (3.8 L) SOHC inline-six. Based on the standard
Chevrolet 230 cu in (3.8 L) inline-six, it was fitted with a single-barrel carburetor and rated at 165 hp (123 kW).[1] The "Sprint" model six came with a four-barrel carburetor, developing 215 hp (160 kW).[6] Most buyers opted for one of three V8s: the 326 cu in (5.3 L) with a two-barrel carburetor producing 250 hp (190 kW); the four-barrel "HO" (high output) 326, producing 285 hp (213 kW); or the 325 hp (242 kW) 400 cu in (6.6 L) from the GTO. All 1967–1968 400 CI engines had throttle restrictors that blocked the carburetors' second barrels from fully opening.[1] A "Ram Air" option was also available, providing functional hood scoops, higher flow heads with stronger valve springs, and a hotter camshaft. Power for the Ram Air package was the same as the conventional 400 HO, but peaked at 5,200 RPM.

text: The 230 cu in (3.8 L) engines were subsequently replaced in 1968 by the Chevrolet 250 cu in (4.1 L) stroked 230 cu in (3.8 L) engines, the first developing an increased 175 hp (130 kW) using a single-barrel carburetor, and the other the same 215hp with a four-barrel carburetor. Also for the 1968 model, the 326 cu in (5.3 L) engine was replaced by the Pontiac 350 cu in (5.7 L) V8, which actually displaced 355 cu in (5.8 L), and produced 265 hp (198 kW) with a two-barrel carburetor. An HO version of the 350 cu in (5.7 L) with a revised cam was also offered starting in that year, which developed 320 hp (240 kW). Power output of the other engines was increased marginally.[1]

text: There was an additional Ram Air IV option for the 400 cu in (6.6 L) V8 engines during 1969, complementing the Ram Air III; these generated 345 hp (350 PS; 257 kW) at 5000 rpm and 430 lb⋅ft (583 N⋅m) of torque at 3400 rpm;[7] and 335 hp (340 PS; 250 kW) respectively. The 350 cu in (5.7 L) HO engine was revised again with a different cam and cylinder heads resulting in 325 hp (242 kW). During 1969 a special 303 cu in (5.0 L) engine was designed for SCCA road racing applications that was not available in production cars.[8]

text: The styling difference from the 1967 to the 1968 model was the addition of federally-mandated side marker lights: for the front of the car, the turn signals were made larger and extended to wrap around the front edges of the car, and on the rear, the Pontiac (V-shaped) Arrowhead logo was added to each side. The front door vent-windows were replaced with a single pane of glass and Astro Ventilation, a fresh-air-inlet system. The 1969 model received a major facelift with a new front end design but unlike the GTO, it did not have the Endura bumper. The instrument panel and steering wheel were revised. The ignition switch was moved from the dashboard to the steering column with the introduction of GM's new locking ignition switch/steering wheel.[1]

text: In March 1969, a $1083[9] optional handling package called the "Trans Am performance and appearance package", UPC "WS4", named after the Trans Am Series, was introduced. A total of 689 hardtops and eight convertibles were made.[1]

text: Due to engineering problems that delayed the introduction of the all-new 1970 Firebird beyond the usual fall debut, Pontiac continued production of 1969 model Firebirds into the early months of the 1970 model year (the other 1970 Pontiac models had been introduced on September 18, 1969). By late spring of 1969, Pontiac had deleted all model-year references on Firebird literature and promotional materials, anticipating the extended production run of the then-current 1969 models.

text:
Production totals[1]

Model
1967[10]
1968
1969

Two-door hardtop coupe

67,032

90,152

75,362

Two-door convertible

15,528

16,960

11,649

Two-door coupe Trans Am

689

Two-door convertible Trans Am

8

Total

82,560

107,112

87,708

text: Engines[edit]

text:
1967
Std 230 cu in (3.8 L) Pontiac SOHC I6165 hp (123 kW)
W53 "Sprint" 230 CID Pontiac SOHC I6215 hp (160 kW)
L30 326 cu in (5.3 L) Pontiac V8250 hp (190 kW)
L76 326 CID Pontiac "H.O." V8285 hp (213 kW)
W66 400 cu in (6.6 L) Pontiac V8325 hp (242 kW)
L67 400 CID Pontiac Ram Air V8325hp

1968
Std 250 cu in (4.1 L) Pontiac SOHC I6175 hp (130 kW)
W53 "Sprint" 250CID Pontiac SOHC I6215hp
L30 350 cu in (5.7 L) Pontiac V8265 hp (198 kW)
L76 350 CID Pontiac "H.O." V8320 hp (240 kW)
W66 400 CID Pontiac V8330 hp (250 kW)
L67 400 CID Pontiac Ram Air V8335 hp (250 kW)
L74 400 CID Pontiac "H.O." V8335hp
L67 400 CID Pontiac Ram Air II V8340 hp (250 kW)[a 1]

1969
Std 250 CID Pontiac SOHC I6175hp
W53 "Sprint" 250 CID Pontiac SOHC I6230 hp (170 kW)
L30 350 CID Pontiac V8265hp
L76 350 CID Pontiac "H.O." V8325hp
W66 400 CID Pontiac V8330hp
L74 400 CID Pontiac "H.O." Ram Air III V8335hp
L67 400 CID Pontiac Ram Air IV V8345 hp (257 kW)

text:
1967 Pontiac Firebird 400 convertible

1968 Pontiac Firebird convertible 400 Ram Air with the optional "hood tach"

1969 Pontiac Firebird Trans Am

tag: ul

text: Second generation (1970–1981)[edit]

text:
Second generation
1974 FirebirdOverviewProduction
1970–1981Assembly
Van Nuys, California, United States (1970–1971, 1978–1981)Norwood, Ohio, United States (1970–1981)Body and chassisBody style
2-door coupeLayout
FR layoutPlatform
F-bodyRelated
Chevrolet Camaro (second generation)PowertrainEngine
231 cu in (3.8 L) Buick V6250 cu in (4.1 L) Chevrolet I6265 cu in (4.3 L) Pontiac V8301 cu in (4.9 L) Pontiac V8301 cu in (4.9 L) Pontiac turbo V8305 cu in (5.0 L) Chevrolet LG3 V8305 cu in (5.0 L) Chevrolet LG4 V8350 cu in (5.7 L) Buick V8[a 2]350 cu in (5.7 L) Oldsmobile V8[a 2]350 cu in (5.7 L) Chevrolet V8[a 2]350 cu in (5.7 L) Pontiac V8400 cu in (6.6 L) Pontiac V8403 cu in (6.6 L) Oldsmobile V8455 cu in (7.5 L) Pontiac V8Transmission
3-speed manual4-speed manual2-speed automatic3-speed automaticDimensionsWheelbase
108.2 in (2,748 mm) (1978)[11]Length
196.8 in (4,999 mm) (1978)Width
73.4 in (1,864 mm) (1978)Height
49.3 in (1,252 mm) (1978)

text: The second generation debut for the 1970 model year was delayed until February 26, 1970, because of tooling and engineering problems; thus, its popular designation as a 1970½ model, while leftover 1969s were listed in early Pontiac literature without a model-year identification.[12] This generation of Firebirds were available in coupe form only; after the 1969 model year, convertibles were not available until 1991.

text: Models

text:
Firebird Base
Firebird Esprit
Firebird Formula
Firebird Trans-Am

text: Special versions and appearance packages

text:
Formula Appearance Package "W50" (1976–1981)[1]
Black-and-Gold Trans Am Pontiac 50th Anniversary Limited Edition (1976)[1]
Black-and-Gold Trans Am Special Edition (1977–1978, 1980–1981)[1]
Sky Bird Esprit Appearance Package "W60" (1977–1978)[1]
Gold Trans Am Special Edition "Y88" (1978)[1]
Red Bird Esprit Appearance Package "W68" (1978–1979)[1]
Black Trans Am Special Edition "Y84" (1979)[1]
Trans Am 10th Anniversary Edition (1979)[1]
Yellow Bird Esprit Appearance Package "W73" (1980)[1]
Trans Am Turbo Indy Pace Car Edition (1980)[1]
Trans Am Turbo NASCAR Pace Car Edition (1981)[13]
Macho Trans-Am (a package offered by the Mecham Pontiac dealership in Glendale, AZ).[14]

text: Replacing the "Coke bottle" styling was a more "swoopy" body style, while still retaining some traditional elements. The top of the rear window line going almost straight down to the lip of the trunk lid, a look that was to epitomize F-body styling for the longest period during the Firebird's lifetime. The new design was initially characterized with a large C-pillar, until 1975 when the rear window was enlarged.

text: There were two Ram Air 400 cu in (6.6 L) engines for 1970: the 335 hp (250 kW) L74 Ram Air III (366 hp (273 kW) in GTO) and the 345 hp (257 kW) LS1 Ram Air IV (370 hp (280 kW) in GTO) that were carried over from 1969. The difference between the GTO and Firebird engines was that the secondary carburetor's throttle linkage had a restrictor which prevented the rear barrels from opening completely,[1] adjusting the linkage could allow full carburetor operation resulting in identical engine performance.

text: For the 1970 and 1971 model years, all Firebirds equipped with radios had the antennas mounted "in-glass" in the windshield.[1]

text:
Production totals[1]

Model
No.

2-door base 6-cylinder

3,184

2-door base 8-cylinder

15,740

2-door Esprit 8-cylinder

18,961

2-door Formula 400 8-cylinder

7,708

2-door Trans Am Ram Air III 8-cylinder

3,108

2-door Trans Am Ram Air IV 8-cylinder

88

Total

48,739

text: The Pontiac 455 cu in (7.5 L) engine first became available in the second generation Firebird in 1971. The 455 engine was available in the L75 325 hp (242 kW) version and the LS5 335 hp HO version, which was the standard, and only engine option, for the Trans Am. The HO engine also included Ram Air IV.[1]

text:
Production totals[1]

Model
No.

2-door base 6-cylinder

2,975

2-door base 8-cylinder

20,047

2-door Esprit 8-cylinder

20,185

2-door Formula 400 8-cylinder

7,802

2-door Trans Am Ram 8-cylinder

2,116

Total

53,125

text: During a 1972 strike, the Firebird (and the similar F-body Camaro) were nearly dropped.[15]

text: Again the 455HO was the only engine available for the Trans Am.[1]

text: Starting in 1972, and continuing until 1977, the Firebird was only produced at the Norwood, Ohio, facility.[1]

text:
Production totals[1]

Model
No.

2-door base

12,001

2-door Esprit

11,415

2-door Formula

5,249

2-door Trans Am

1,286

Total

29,951

text: Actual production cars yielded 1/4 mile results in the high 14 to 15.0 second/98 MPH range (sources: Motor Trend Magazine, July '73 and Roger Huntington's book, American Supercar) – results that are consistent with a 3,850 pound car (plus driver) and the engine equipped with a 4-barrel Rochester Quadrajet carburetor rated at a maximum power of 290 bhp (294 PS; 216 kW) at 4000 rpm and a maximum torque of 395 lb⋅ft (536 N⋅m) at 3600 rpm figure [16]. An original rating of 310 bhp (314 PS; 231 kW) SAE net had been assigned to the SD-455, though that rating was based on the emissions non-compliant "pre-production" engines, as mentioned above. That rating appeared in published 1973 model year Pontiac literature, which had been printed prior to the "pre-production" engines "barely passing" emissions testing, and the last minute switch to what became the production engine. The 1974 model year production literature listed the specifications of the production engine (290 SAE net horsepower).

text: In 1973 and 1974, a special version of the 455, called the Super Duty 455 (SD-455), was offered. The SD-455 consisted of a strengthened cylinder block that included four-bolt main bearings and added material in various locations for improved strength. Original plans called for a forged crankshaft, although actual production SD455s received nodular iron crankshafts with minor enhancements. Forged rods and forged aluminum pistons were specified, as were unique high-flow cylinder heads.

text: A production line stock SD455 produced 253 rear wheel HP on a chassis dyno, as reported by High Performance Pontiac magazine (January, 2007). This is also consistent with the 290 SAE net horsepower factory rating (as measured at the crankshaft). Skip McCully verified that no production SD455s released to the public were fitted with the 480737 cam.  When asked about the compromises for the production SD455 engine,  McCully responded, "Compression, camshaft, jetting, and vacuum advance." He followed by stating that he would have preferred a compression ratio of 10.25:1, a camshaft with 041 valve timing, slightly richer carburetor jetting, and as much vacuum advance as the engine would tolerate. However, that proved to be impossible due to the emissions regulations of the era.[17]

text: The 480737 code cam (identical grind to the RAIV "041" cam) was originally specified for the SD455 engine and was fitted into the "pre-production" test cars (source: former Pontiac special projects engineer McCully), one of which was tested by both Hot Rod and Car and Driver magazines. However, actual production cars were fitted with the milder 493323 cam and 1.5:1 rocker ratios, due to the ever-tightening emissions standards of the era. This cam and rocker combination, combined with a low compression ratio of 8.4:1 advertised (7.9:1 actual) yielded 290 SAE net horsepower. Production SD455 cars did not have functional hood scoops, while the "pre-production" test cars did.

text: Pontiac offered the 455 through the 1976 model year, but the engine could not meet tightening restrictions on vehicle emissions. A total of 7,100 were produced with the 455 engine.

text:
Production totals[1]

Model
No.

2-door base 6- & 8-cylinder

14,096

2-door Esprit 8-cylinder

17,249

2-door Formula 8-cylinder

10,123

2-door Formula SD 455 8-cylinder

43

2-door Trans Am 8-cylinder

4,550

2-door Trans Am SD 455 8-cylinder

252

Total

46,313

text: Curb weights rose dramatically in the 1974 model year due to the implementation of 5 mph (8.0 km/h) telescoping bumpers and various other crash and safety related structural enhancements; SD455 Trans Ams weighed in at 3,850 lb (1,750 kg) in their first year of production (1974 model year; actually 1973).

text: The 1974 models featured a redesigned "shovel-nose" front end and new wide "slotted" taillights. In 1974, Pontiac offered two base engines for the Firebird: a 100 hp (75 kW) 250 cu in (4.1 L) inline-6 and a 155 hp (116 kW) 350 cu in (5.7 L) V8. Available were 175 to 225 hp (130 to 168 kW) 400 cu in (6.6 L) V8 engines, as well as the 455 cu in (7.5 L) produced 215 or 250 hp (160 or 186 kW), while the SD-455 produced 290 hp (220 kW). The 400, 455, and SD-455 engines were offered in the Trans Am and Formula models during 1974

text:
Production totals[1]

Model
No.

2-door base 6-cylinder

7,603

2-door base 8-cylinder

18,769

2-door Esprit 8-cylinder

22,583

2-door Formula 8-cylinder

14,461

2-door Formula SD 455 8-cylinder

58

2-door Trans Am w/400ci 8-cylinder

4,664

2-door Trans Am w/455ci 8-cylinder

4,648

2-door Trans Am SD 455 8-cylinder

943

Total

73,729

text: The 1975 models featured a new wraparound rear window with a revised roofline and the turn signals were moved up from the valance panel to the grills which distinguished it from the previous year model. The Super Duty engine, Muncie 4-speed, and TurboHydramatic 400 automatic were no longer available in 1975. Due to the use of catalytic converters starting in 1975, the THM 400 would not fit alongside the catalytic converter underneath the vehicle. The smaller TurboHydramatic 350 automatic was deemed enough. The 400 was standard in the Trans Am and the 455 was optional for both 1975 and 1976 models.

text:
Production totals[1]

Model
No.

2-door base 6- & 8-cylinder

22,293

2-door Esprit 6- & 8-cylinder

20,826

2-door Formula 8-cylinder

13,670

2-door Trans Am w/400ci 8-cylinder

26,417

2-door Trans Am w/455ci 8-cylinder

857

Total

84,063

text: Pontiac celebrated its 50th anniversary year in 1976.[18] To commemorate this event, Pontiac unveiled a special Trans Am option at the 1976 Chicago Auto Show.[19] Painted in black with gold accents, this was the first "anniversary" Trans Am package and the first production black and gold special edition. A removable T-top developed by Hurst was optional, but proved problematic.[19]

text:
Production totals[1]

Model
No.

2-door base 6- & 8-cylinder

21,206

2-door Esprit 6- & 8-cylinder

22,252

2-door Formula 8-cylinder

20,613

2-door Trans Am w/400ci 8-cylinder

37,015

2-door Trans Am w/455ci 8-cylinder

7,099

2-door Trans Am w/400ci 8-cylinderLimited Edition

1,628

2-door Trans Am w/455ci 8-cylinderLimited Edition

319

2-door Trans Am w/400ci 8-cylinderLimited Edition w/T-tops

533

2-door Trans Am w/455ci 8-cylinderLimited Edition w/T-tops

110

Total

110,775

text:
A distinctive, slant-nose facelift occurred in 1977. There is a way to tell an early 1977 built car as there was a production change in the hood scoop. Early cars were supplied with an off-center scoop. Furthermore, early W72 cars came with the standard 180 hp air cleaner.
Pontiac offered the T/A 400 cu in (6.6 L) with a single 4-barrel Rochester Quadrajet carburetor RPO W72 rated at 200 bhp (203 PS; 149 kW) at 3600 rpm and a maximum torque of 325 lb⋅ft (441 N⋅m) at 2400 rpm, as opposed to the regular 6.6 Litre 400 (RPO L78) rated at 180 hp (130 kW). The T/A 6.6 equipped engines had chrome valve covers, while the base 400 engines had painted valve covers. In addition, California and high-altitude cars received the Olds 403 engine, which offered a slightly higher compression ratio and a more usable torque band than the Pontiac engines of 1977.

text: From 1977 to 1981, the Firebird used four square headlamps, while the Camaro continued to retain the two round headlights that had been shared by both second generation designs. The 1977 Trans-Am Special Edition became famous after being featured in Smokey and the Bandit. The 1980 Turbo model was used for Smokey and the Bandit II.

text:
Production totals[1]

Model
No.

2-door base 6- & 8-cylinder

30,642

2-door Esprit 6- & 8-cylinder

34,548

2-door Formula 8-cylinder

21,801

2-door Trans Am w/400ci L78 8-cylinder

29,313

2-door Trans Am w/400ci W72 8-cylinder

18,785

2-door Trans Am w/403ci L80 8-cylinder

5,079

2-door Trans Am w/400ci L78 8-cylinderSpecial Edition

748

2-door Trans Am w/400ci W72 8-cylinderSpecial Edition

933

2-door Trans Am w/403ci L80 8-cylinderSpecial Edition

180

2-door Trans Am w/400ci L78 8-cylinderSpecial Edition w/T-tops

6,030

2-door Trans Am w/400ci W72 8-cylinderSpecial Edition w/T-tops

6,459

2-door Trans Am w/403ci L80 8-cylinderSpecial Edition w/T-tops

1,217

Total

155,735

text: Changes for 1978 were slight, with a switch from a honeycomb to a crosshatch pattern grille being the most obvious from the outside.[20] Beginning in 1978, the Pontiac group introduced a new special edition vehicle. The Firebird Formula LT Sport Edition which featured a revised 10% raised compression Chevy 305 V8 powertrain producing 155 hp (same as 1977 Chevy Monza Mirage) combined with a floor center console four-speed manual T-10 BW transmission coupled to a limited-slip differential final drive. The limited touring package (LT) also included a cabin roof, door, fender and hood graphics scheme, the Trans-Am sports handling package with HD gas shocks, modular alloy wheels and the SE Trans-Am rear deck spoiler with "Formula" word graphic detail. T-tops in 1978 transitioned from Hurst units to Fisher (GM) in mid year.

text: The engineers also revised the compression ratio in the 400ci through the installation of different cylinder heads with smaller combustion chambers (1977 Pontiac 400 engines also had the 350 heads bolted to the 400 blocks, these heads were known as the 6x-4 heads and were taken from the Pontiac 350). This increased power by 10% for a total of 220 during the 1978–79 model years. The 400/403 options remained available until 1979, when the 400 CID engines were only available in the 4-speed transmission Trans Ams and Formulas (the engines had actually been stockpiled from 1978, when PMD had cut production of the engine).

text:
Production totals[1]

Model
No.

2-door base 6- & 8-cylinder

32,671

2-door Esprit 6- & 8-cylinder

36,926

2-door Formula 8-cylinder

24,346

2-door Trans Am w/400ci L78 8-cylinder

63,812

2-door Trans Am w/400ci W72 8-cylinder

8,251

2-door Trans Am w/403ci L80 8-cylinder

8,969

2-door Trans Am w/400ci L78 8-cylinderBlack Special Edition

3,433

2-door Trans Am w/403ci L80 8-cylinderBlack Special Edition

210

2-door Trans Am w/400ci L78'- 8-cylinderGold Special Edition

7,796

2-door Trans Am w/403ci L80 8-cylinderGold Special Edition

880

Total

187,294

text: The front end was restyled in 1979. It also marked the 10th anniversary of the Trans Am, and a special anniversary package was made available: silver paint with gray upper paint accents and a silver leather interior. The 10th anniversary cars also featured a special Firebird hood decal, which extended off of the hood and onto the front fenders. Pontiac produced 7,500 10th anniversary cars, of which 1,817 were equipped with the Pontiac 400 engine (and coupled with the four-speed Borg Warner Super T-10 transmission). The only option on these cars was the engine (the 400 was not certified for California, nor was cruise control available with it), which dictated the transmission and the gear ratio (3.23 on the 400 cars, 2.73 on the 403 cars). In 1979 Pontiac sold 116,535 Trans Ams, the highest sold in a year.

text:
Production totals[1]

Model
No.

2-door base 6- & 8-cylinder

38,642

2-door Esprit 6- & 8-cylinder

30,853

2-door Formula 8-cylinder

24,850

2-door Trans Am w/301ci 8-cylinder

8,605

2-door Trans Am w/400ci 8-cylinder

2,485

2-door Trans Am w/403ci 8-cylinder

48,488

2-door Trans Am w/301ci 8-cylinder w/T-tops

4,831

2-door Trans Am w/400ci 8-cylinder w/T-tops

2,917

2-door Trans Am w/403ci 8-cylinder w/T-tops

30,728

2-door Trans Am w/301ci 8-cylinderSpecial Edition w/T-tops

573

2-door Trans Am w/400ci 8-cylinderSpecial Edition w/T-tops

1,107

2-door Trans Am w/403ci 8-cylinderSpecial Edition w/T-tops

9,874

2-door Trans Am w/400ci 8-cylinder10th Anniversary Edition

1,817

2-door Trans Am w/403ci 8-cylinder10th Anniversary Edition

5,683

Total

211,453

text: In 1980, due to ever-increasing emissions restrictions, Pontiac dropped all of its large displacement engines.[21] 1980 therefore saw the biggest engine changes for the Trans Am. The 301, offered in 1979 as a credit option, was now the standard engine. Options included a turbocharged 301 or the Chevrolet 305 small block.

text:
Production totals[1]

Model
No.

2-door base 6- & 8-cylinder

29,811

2-door Esprit 6- & 8-cylinder

17,277

2-door Formula 8-cylinder

9,356

2-door Trans Am w/4.9L 8-cylinder

25,714

2-door Trans Am w/4.9L Turbo 8-cylinder

16,476

2-door Trans Am w/5.0L 8-cylinder

3,006

2-door Trans Am Turbo Indy Pace Car 8-cylinder

5,700

Total

107,340

text: In the final year of the second generation Firebirds (1981), Trans Am still used the same engines as it had in the previous model year, with the only change being the addition of a new electronic carburetion system.

text: The assembly plant code for Norwood, OH is "N" (from 1972 to 1980 this would be the fifth VIN digit, for 1981 it is the 11th digit), and for Van Nuys, CA it is "L" (for Los Angeles, of which Van Nuys, Los Angeles is a district). In the later second-generation cars, Norwood used lacquer-based paint (there is an "L" on the cowl tag), and Van Nuys used water-based paint (there is a "W" on the cowl tag), due to California's tightening pollution regulations. The water-based paint often failed and delaminated during the warranty period and subsequently; cars had to be repainted.

text:
Production totals[1]

Model
No.

2-door base 6- & 8-cylinder

20,541

2-door Esprit 6- & 8-cylinder

10,938

2-door Formula 8-cylinder

5,927

2-door Trans Am w/4.9L E/C 8-cylinder

10,877

2-door Trans Am w/4.9L Turbo 8-cylinder

13,578

2-door Trans Am w/5.0L 8-cylinder

7,038

2-door Trans Am NASCAR Turbo Pace Car 8-cylinder

2,000

Total

70,899

text: Engines[edit]

text:
1970
Std 250 cu in (4.1 L) Chevrolet I6155 hp (116 kW)
Esprit std 350 cu in (5.7 L) Pontiac V8255 hp (190 kW)
346 400 cu in (6.6 L) Pontiac V8265 hp (198 kW)
L78 400 CID Pontiac V8330 hp (250 kW)
L74 400 CID Pontiac Ram Air III V8345 hp (257 kW)
400 CID Pontiac Ram Air IV V8370 hp (280 kW)
L74 (T/A std) 400 CID Pontiac Ram Air IV V8335 hp (250 kW)
LS1 400 CID Pontiac Ram Air IV V8345 hp

1971
Std 250 CID Chevrolet I6155 hp (bhp)[a 3] 110 hp (82 kW) (whp)
L30 350 CID Pontiac V8250 hp (190 kW) (bhp) 165 hp (123 kW) (whp)
L65 400 CID Pontiac V8265 hp (bhp) 180 hp (130 kW) (whp)
L78 400 CID Pontiac V8300 hp (220 kW) (bhp) 250 hp (190 kW) (whp)
L75 455 cu in (7.5 L) Pontiac V8325 hp (242 kW) (bhp) 255 hp (whp)
LS5 455 CID Pontiac "H.O." Ram Air IV V8335 hp (bhp) 305 hp (227 kW) (whp)

1972
Std 250 CID Chevrolet I6110 hp
L30 350 CID Pontiac V8175 hp (130 kW)
L65 400 CID Pontiac V8200 hp (150 kW)
L78 400 CID Pontiac V8250 hp
LS5 455 CID Pontiac "H.O." V8300 hp

1973
Std 250 CID Chevrolet I6100 hp (75 kW)
L30 350 CID Pontiac V8150–175 hp (112–130 kW)[a 4]
L65 400 CID Pontiac V8170–185 hp (127–138 kW)[a 4]
L78 400 CID Pontiac V8230 hp (170 kW)
L75 400 CID Pontiac V8250 hp
LS2 455 CID Pontiac "SD" V8290–310 hp (220–230 kW)[a 5]

1974
Std 250 CID Chevrolet I6100 hp
L30 350 CID Pontiac V8155–170 hp (116–127 kW)[a 6]
L65 400 CID Pontiac V8190 hp (140 kW)
L78 400 CID Pontiac V8200 hp
L75 400 CID Pontiac V8250 hp
LS2 455 CID Pontiac "SD" V8290 hp (220 kW)

1975
L22 250 CID Chevrolet I6100 hp
L30 350 CID Pontiac V8155 hp
L76 350 CID Pontiac V8175 hp
L78 400 CID Pontiac V8185 hp (138 kW)
L75 455 CID Pontiac "H.O." V8200 hp[a 7]

1976
L22 250 CID Chevrolet I6100 hp
L30 350 CID Pontiac V8160 hp (120 kW)
L76 350 CID Pontiac V8165 hp (123 kW)
L78 400 CID Pontiac V8185 hp
L75 455 CID Pontiac "H.O." V8200 hp

1977
LD 231 cu in (3.8 L) Buick V6105 hp (78 kW)
L27 301 cu in (4.9 L) Pontiac V8135 hp (101 kW)
L34 350 CID Pontiac V8170 hp (130 kW)
L76 350 CID Oldsmobile V8170 hp
L78 400 CID Pontiac V8180 hp (130 kW)
W72 400 CID Pontiac V8200 hp
L80 403 cu in (6.6 L) Oldsmobile V8185 hp

1978
LD5 3.8 L (231 cu in) Buick V6[a 8]105 hp
LG3 5.0 L (305 cu in) 5.0L Chevrolet V8135 hp
LM1 5.7 L (350 cu in) V8[a 2]170 hp (130 kW)
L78 6.6 L (400 cu in) Pontiac V8185 hp
W72 6.6L Pontiac V8220 hp (160 kW)
L80 6.6 L (403 cu in) Oldsmobile V8185 hp

1979
LD5 3.8L Buick V6105 hp
L27 4.9 L (301 cu in) Pontiac V8135 hp
L37 4.9L Pontiac V8150 hp
LG3 5.0L Chevrolet V8135 hp or 150 hp
LM1 5.7L Chevrolet V8170 hp
W72 6.6L Pontiac V8220 hp
L80 6.6L Oldsmobile V8185 hp

1980
LD5 3.8L Buick V6105 hp
L37 4.9L Pontiac V8140 hp (100 kW)
W72 4.9L Pontiac E/C V8155 hp
LU8 4.9L Pontiac Turbo V8210 hp (160 kW)
LG4 5.0L Chevrolet V8150 hp

1981
LD5 3.8L Buick V6
LS5 4.3 L (265 cu in) Pontiac V8140 hp (100 kW)
L37 4.9L Pontiac E/C V8155 hp
LU8 4.9L Pontiac Turbo V8220 hp (160 kW)
LG4 5.0L Chevrolet V8150 hp

text: Third generation (1982–1992)[edit]

text:
Third generation
1989 20th Anniversary Turbo Trans Am convertibleOverviewProduction
1982–1992Assembly
Van Nuys, California, United StatesNorwood, Ohio, United States (1982–1987)Body and chassisBody style
2-door coupe2-door convertibleLayout
FR layoutPlatform
F-bodyRelated
Chevrolet Camaro (third generation)PowertrainEngine
151 cu in (2.5 L) Pontiac I4173 cu in (2.8 L) GM 60° V6191 cu in (3.1 L) GM 60° V6231 cu in (3.8 L) Buick Turbo V6305 cu in (5.0 L) Chevrolet V8350 cu in (5.7 L) Chevrolet V8Transmission
3-speed automatic4-speed automatic4-speed manual5-speed manualDimensionsWheelbase
101 in (2,565 mm)Length
1990–92 Firebird: 195.1 in (4,956 mm)1990–92 Trans Am: 195.2 in (4,958 mm) Pre-1988 Firebird: 190.5 in (4,839 mm)Pre-1988 Trans Am: 191.8 in (4,872 mm)Width
72.4 in (1,839 mm)Height
49.7 in (1,262 mm)

text: The availability and cost of gasoline (two fuel crises had occurred by this time) meant the weight and the fuel consumption of the 3rd generation had to be considered in the design. In F-body development, both the third generation Firebird and Camaro were proposed as possible front wheel drive platforms, but the idea was scrapped. The state of the art of computerized engine management was in its infancy, and as long as saving fuel was the primary objective, it was not possible to have high horsepower and torque numbers. They did manage to cut enough weight from the design so that acceleration performance would be better than the 1981 models. They also succeeded in the fuel consumption department, offering a four-cylinder Firebird that would provide 34 miles per gallon.[22] GM executives decided that engineering effort would best be spent on aerodynamics and chassis development. They created a modern platform, so that when engine technology advanced, they would have a well-balanced package with acceleration, braking, handling, and aerodynamics. For the time being, they would have world class aerodynamics and handling, and excellent fuel economy.

text: The Firebird and Camaro were completely redesigned for the 1982 model year, with the windshield slope set at 62 degrees, (about three degrees steeper than anything GM had ever tried before), and for the first time, a large, glass-dominated hatchback that required no metal structure to support it. Two concealed pop-up headlights, a first on the F-Body cars, were the primary characteristic that distinguished the third generation Firebird from both its Camaro sibling and its prior form (a styling characteristic carried into the fourth generation's design). In addition to being about 500 pounds (230 kg) lighter than the previous design, the new design was the most aerodynamic product GM had ever released. Wind tunnels were used to form the new F-Body platform's shape, and Pontiac took full advantage of it. The aerodynamic developments extended to the finned aluminum wheels with smooth hubcaps and a functional rear spoiler.

text: Models[edit]

text:
Firebird Base
Firebird S/E (1982-1986)
Firebird Formula (1987-1992)
Firebird Trans Am

text: Styles[edit]

text:
Firebird-(I4/V6/V8)-Series 2FS (1982–86)
Firebird-(V6/V8)-Series 2FS (1987)
Firebird-Series 2F-(V6/V8) (1988)
Firebird Special Edition (S/E)-(V6/V8)-Series 2FX (1982–86)
Formula Firebird-(V8)-Series 2FS (1987)
Formula Firebird-Series F/S-(1982–87)
Firebird Trans Am-Series F/W-(V8) (1988)
Firebird Recaro Trans Am-(V8)-Series 2FW/Y84 (1982–84)
Firebird Trans Am GTA-(V8)-Series 2FW (1987)
Firebird Trans Am GTA-Series F/W-(V8) (1988)
Firebird 25th Anniversary Daytona 500 Limited Edition Trans Am-(V8)-Series 2FW (1983)
Firebird 15th Anniversary Trans Am-(V8)-Series 2FW (1984)[23]

text: Engines[edit]

text:
1982
LQ9 2.5 L (151 cu in) GM EFI I490 hp (67 kW)
LC1 2.83 L (173 cu in) Chevrolet V6102 hp (76 kW)
LG4 5.00 L (305 cu in) Chevrolet V8145 hp (108 kW)
LU5 Crossfire EFI 5.0L Chevrolet V8165 hp (123 kW)

1983
LQ9 2.5L GM EFI I4]92 hp (69 kW)
LC1 2.8L Chevrolet V6107 hp (80 kW)
LL1 2.8L "HO" Chevrolet V6125 hp (93 kW)
LG4 5.0L Chevrolet V8150 hp (110 kW)
LU5 5.0L Chevrolet Crossfire EFI V8175 hp (130 kW)
L69 5.0L "HO" Chevrolet V8190 hp (140 kW)

1984
LQ9 2.5L GM EFI I4]92 hp (69 kW)
LC1 2.8L Chevrolet V6125 hp (93 kW)
LL1 2.8L "HO" Chevrolet V6125 hp (93 kW)
LG4 5.0L Chevrolet V8150 hp (110 kW)
L69 5.0L "HO" Chevrolet V8190 hp (140 kW)

1985
LQ9 2.5L GM EFI I4]88 hp (66 kW)
LB8 2.8L Chevrolet EFI V6135 hp (101 kW)
LG4 5.0L Chevrolet V8155 hp (116 kW)
L69 5.0L "HO" Chevrolet V8190 hp (140 kW)
LB9 5.0L Chevrolet tuned port injection V8205 hp (153 kW)

1986
LQ9 2.5L GM EFI I4]88 hp (66 kW)
LB8 2.8L Chevrolet EFI V6135 hp (101 kW)
LG4 5.0L Chevrolet V8165 hp (123 kW)
L69 5.0L "HO" Chevrolet V8190 hp (140 kW)
LB9 5.0L Chevrolet tuned port injection V8190 hp (140 kW)
L98 5.7 L (350 cu in) Chevrolet tuned port injection V8220 hp (160 kW)

1987
LB8 2.8L Chevrolet EFI V6135 hp (101 kW)
LG4 5.0L Chevrolet V8155 hp (116 kW)
LB9 5.0L Chevrolet tuned port injection V8, Automatic190 hp (140 kW)
LB9 5.0L Chevrolet tuned port injection V8, Manual215 hp (160 kW)

L98 5.7L Chevrolet tuned port injection V8225 hp (168 kW)

1988
LB8 2.8L Chevrolet EFI V6135 hp (101 kW)
LO3 5.0L Chevrolet V8170 hp (130 kW)
LB9 5.0L Chevrolet tuned port injection V8, Automatic195 hp (145 kW)
LB9 5.0L Chevrolet tuned port injection V8, Manual220 hp (160 kW)

L98 5.7L Chevrolet tuned port injection V8230 hp (170 kW)

1989
LB8 2.8L Chevrolet multi port fuel injection V6135 hp (101 kW)
L03 5.0L Chevrolet throttle body injection V8170 hp (130 kW)
LB9 5.0L Chevrolet tuned port injection V8,Automatic195 hp (145 kW)
LB9 5.0L Chevrolet tuned port injection V8,Manual220 hp (160 kW)

LB9 5.0L Chevrolet tuned port injection V8,Manual w/Dual Cats N10 option230 hp (170 kW)

L98 5.7 L (350 cu in) Chevrolet tuned port injection V8230 hp (170 kW)

1989 (cont'd)

L98 5.7 L (350 cu in) Chevrolet tuned port injection V8 w/Dual Cats N10 Option240 hp (180 kW)

LC2   Buick 3.8L Turbocharged V6250 hp (190 kW)

text: Fourth generation (November 1992–August 30, 2002)[edit]

text:
Fourth generation
OverviewProduction
November 1992–August 30, 2002[24]Assembly
Sainte-Thérèse, QuebecBody and chassisBody style
2-door coupe2-door convertibleLayout
FR layoutPlatform
F-bodyRelated
Chevrolet Camaro (fourth generation)PowertrainEngine
3.4 L (207.5 cu in) L32 V63.8 L (231.9 cu in) Buick V65.7 L (347.8 cu in) LT1 V85.7 L (347.8 cu in) LS1 V8Transmission
THM 4L60 4-speed automatic (1993)THM 4L60E 4-speed automatic (1994-2002) Borg Warner T-5 5-speed manual (V6 engine) Borg Warner T56 6-speed manual (V8 engine)DimensionsWheelbase
101.1 in (2,568 mm)Length
1993–1997 Firebird: 195.6 in (4,968 mm)1998–2002 Firebird: 193.3 in (4,910 mm)1993–1997 Trans Am: 197 in (5,004 mm)1998–1999 Trans Am: 193.8 in (4,923 mm)2000–2002 Trans Am: 193.7 in (4,920 mm)Width
1993–1997: 74.5 in (1,892 mm)1998–2002: 74.4 in (1,890 mm)Height
1993–1999 Firebird 52 in (1,321 mm)2000–2002 Firebird: 51.2 in (1,300 mm)1993–1995 Trans Am: 51.7 in (1,313 mm)1996–1999 Trans Am: 52 in (1,321 mm)2000–2002 Trans Am: 51.8 in (1,316 mm)1993-1999 Firebird Convertible: 52.7 in (1,339 mm)2000–2002 Firebird Convertible 51.8 in (1,316 mm)1994–1999 Trans Am Convertible: 52.4 in (1,331 mm)Curb weight
3,440 lb (1,560 kg) (5.7L LS1 Coupe)3,284 lb (1,490 kg) (5.7L LT1 Coupe)

text: The fourth-generation Firebird amplified the aerodynamic styling initiated by the previous generation. While the live rear axle and floorpan aft of the front seats remained largely the same, ninety percent of the Firebird's parts were all-new.[25] Overall, the styling of the Firebird more strongly reflected the Banshee IV concept car than the 1991 "facelift" did. As with the Camaro, major improvements included standard dual airbags, four-wheel anti-lock brakes, 16-inch wheels, rack-and-pinion power steering, short/long-arm front suspension, and several non-rusting composite body panels. Throughout its fourth generation, trim levels included V6-powered Firebird, and V8-powered Formula and Trans Am. The T5 five-speed manual transmission was standard with the V6s, as was the Borg-Warner T56 six-speed manual for the V8s. A four-speed automatic was optional for both, featuring built-in electronic controls beginning in 1994.

text:
From 1993 until 1995 (1995 non-California cars), Firebirds received a 160 hp (120 kW) 3.4 L V6, an enhanced version of the third-generation's 3.1 L V6. Beginning mid-year 1995 onward, a Series II 3.8 L V6 with 200 hp (150 kW) became the Firebird's sole engine. From 1993 to 1997, the sole engine for the Formula and Trans Am was the 5.7 L LT1 V8, essentially identical to the LT1 in the C4 Corvette except for more flow-restrictive intake and exhaust systems.
Steering wheel audio controls were included with optional uplevel cassette or compact disc stereo systems.

text: Beginning with 1994 model year cars, "Delco 2001"-series stereo systems replaced the previous Delco units.[26]:898 This revised series, also introduced for other Pontiac car lines, featured ergonomically-designed control panels with larger buttons and an optional seven-band graphic equalizer. Also in 1994, the fourth-generation convertible was available; every Firebird (and Camaro) convertible featured a glass rear window with a built-in electric defroster.

text: The 1995 models were the same as those of previous years, but traction control (ASR: acceleration slip regulation) was available for LT1 Firebirds, controlled by a switch on the console. The steering wheels in all Firebirds was also changed; their optional built-in audio controls were more closely grouped on each side. The "Trans Am GT" trim level was dropped from the lineup after its model year run in 1994. For 1995, all Trans Ams received 155-mph speedometers and Z-rated tires. 1995 was also the first year of the vented version of the Opti-Spark distributors on LT1 F-cars, addressing a common mechanical fault with the unit.  The 'transmission perform' button was available only in the 1994 and 1995 Formula and Trans Am. This option was stopped for the 1996 and later models, but the connections remain for 1996 and 1997 Formula and Trans Am. While 1995 cars still used the OBD-I (on-board diagnostic) computer system (the last year of F-body to use OBD-I), a majority of them had OBD-II connector ports under the dash.

text: Firebird performance levels improved for 1996, with the establishment of the stronger 200-hp 3.8 L V6 as the new base engine, and the power rating of the LT1 increased to 285 for 1996, due to its new dual catalytic-converter exhaust system. 1996 was also the first model year of the OBD-II computer system. Optional performance enhancements were available for each Firebird trim level; the Y87 performance packages for V6s added mechanical features of the V8 setups, such as four-wheel disc brakes, faster-response steering, limited-slip rear differential, and dual tailpipes.[26]:904 For Formulas and Trans Ams, functional dual-inlet "Ram Air" hoods returned as part of the WS6 performance package. The optional package boosted rated horsepower from 285 to 305, and torque from 325 lb·ft to 335. Also included were 17" x 9" wheels with 275/40ZR17 tires, suspension improvements, oval dual tailpipe tips, and a WS6 badge. Bilstein shocks were a further option with the package.

text: The 1997 model year introduced standard air conditioning, daytime running lamps (utilizing the front turnsignal lamps), digital odometers, and optional 500-watt Monsoon cassette or compact disc stereo systems to all Firebird trim levels.[26]:907 For V6 Firebirds, a W68 sport appearance package was also introduced as a counterpart to the Camaro RS trim level. The WS6 "Ram Air" performance package was now also an option for the Formula and Trans Am convertibles, although these convertibles did not receive the 17-inch wheel-and-tire combination. There were 41 Formula convertibles and 463 Trans Am convertibles produced from 1996 to 1997 with the WS6 package.

text: In 1997, in relation to the Camaro, the Firebird received a mid-cycle refresh for 1998 model year. Major changes included a new hood and front fascia with dual intakes, retracting quad halogen headlights, circular turnsignal and fog lamps, a front license plate pocket, lower fender air vents, unified-style lower door raised lettering for each trim level, and a new "honeycomb" rear light panel, with circular reverse lamps. In the dashboard, "next generation" reduced-force dual airbags became standard. As before, the Formula and Trans Am again received a close derivative of the Corvette's 5.7 L V8, the LS1 of the C5 Corvette, as the LT1 (and LT4) V8s were discontinued.[26]:911 The LS1 Firebirds were also equipped with an aluminum driveshaft, replacing the previous steel version, while all Firebird trim levels gained four-wheel disc brakes with dual-piston front calipers and larger rotors at each wheel, complete with a solenoid-based Bosch anti-lock system. The Formula convertible was no longer offered.

text: Beginning in 1998 for 1999 models, a standard 16.8-gallon non-metallic fuel tank increased potential traveling range. GM's ASR traction control system was extended to the V6-powered Firebirds, and all LS1 (V8) and Y87 (V6) Firebirds also received a Zexel/Torsen II slip-reduction rear axle. An electronic brakeforce distribution (EBD) system replaced the old hydraulic proportioning valve for improved brake performance. An enhanced sensing and diagnostic module (SDM) recorded vehicle speed, engine rpm, throttle position and brake use in the last five seconds prior to airbag deployment.[26]:915 In 1999, a Hurst shifter for variants with the 6-speed manual and a power steering cooler became options for LS1 Firebirds.

text: In 2000, the WS6 performance package was available exclusively for 2001 model year Trans Am coupe and convertible variants.

text: For 2002, more convenience items such as power mirrors and power antenna became standard equipment, while cassette stereos were phased out.

text: Special editions[edit]

text:
Firehawk
The special-edition extra-performance Firehawk (available in Formula trim for 1993–1997, and again in both Formula and Trans Am trims for 1999-2002) was produced by SLP Engineering, Inc., and sold through Pontiac dealerships. Featuring 17-inch wheels with namesake Firestone Firehawk 275/40ZR17 tires along with a functional twin-inlet hood above a specific air cleaner box, its rated power increased to 300 hp (220 kW) and 330 lb·ft (445 Nm) of torque. A total of 201 Firehawks were built for 1993. In 1994, the Firehawk package was expanded to include options for a suspension upgrade as well as a larger-diameter exhaust system that could boost power to 315 hp. T-top Formula coupes and convertibles could also be optioned as Firehawks beginning in 1995. For 1996 and 1997, the Firehawk gained rectangular driving lights mounted inside the front scoops and (except Firehawk convertibles) the Trans Am's elevated rear wing. In 1997, an LT4 Firehawk was also available, utilizing the same 330 hp, balanced-and-blueprinted LT4 V8 engine as found in the manual-transmission 1996 Corvette. A total of 29 LT4-powered Firehawks were produced.

text: Power levels for the 1999 Firehawk, powered by the LS1 V8, rose to 327 hp (330 in 2000, 335 in 2001, and 345 in late 2002 models equipped with the "Blackwing" intake). A 10th-anniversary Firehawk was available in 2001, distinguished as a black Trans Am coupe with gold-painted hood stripes, gold 17-inch wheels, and gold tailpipe tips.

text:
1994 Trans Am GT
In 1994 only, a "Trans Am GT" option was available. Trans Am GTs did not receive any special badging, graphics, or emblems, and looked externally identical to the base Trans Am cars. The GT package included 245/50ZR16 tires and a 155-mph speedometer. Non-GT optioned Trans Ams in 1994 received 235/55R16 tires, a 115-mph speedometer, and a much lower top-speed limiter. The "highrise spoiler", leather, and T-tops were not standard on the Trans Am GT cars in 1994, nor any year of LT1 Trans Am. RPO code T43 "uplevel spoiler" was an option on all Trans Ams, and while the mass majority of 1994 Trans Am GT cars received the T43 spoiler (along with the majority of all 1993-'97 Trans Ams), it was not part of the Trans Am GT package. Both base Trans Ams and Trans am GTs could be ordered as coupe, T-top, or convertible versions and were both available with automatic or manual transmissions. While the GT package was a cost option on the 1994 Trans Am, a majority of 1994 Trans Ams were made with the GT package.

text: All of the 1994 Trans Am GT options became standard in 1995-2002 as part of the Trans Am package, and the GT name/package was dropped for 1995. Some of the early fourth-generation Trans Am and Formula Firebirds list "GT" on the vehicle's title or registration. The reason behind this is because the VIN does not specify a "package" (Formula, Trans Am, Trans Am GT, Firehawk, etc.); it only specifies the engine (5.7L V8 LT1). Because the title is based on the VIN alone, titles and registrations often list all of the packages, but it does not mean the car is equipped with any certain package.

text:
1994 25th-Anniversary Trans Am
The 1994 model year marked the 25th anniversary of the Trans Am, and another anniversary edition was released, painted white with a single dark blue stripe down the center of the vehicle that was reminiscent of the 1970 Trans Am. It also featured white-painted, five-spoke, 16-inch alloy wheels, and white leather seats and door trim. This edition was available in either coupe or convertible form.

text:
1999 30th-Anniversary Trans Am
As with the previous 25th-anniversary edition, the 30th-anniversary edition was either a white WS6 convertible or WS6 T-top coupe, with twin dark blue stripes from hood to tail, and distinct blue anodized five-spoke 17-inch alloy A-mold wheels, with white leather seats and door trim.

text: 2001 was the 75th anniversary of Pontiac. An available 75th Anniversary Package incorporated a power and performance package that included power door locks including retained accessory power, power windows including express down drivers side, dual power sport mirrors, power antenna. Radio, ETR AM/FM stereo w/CD player and 7 band graphic equalizer inc clock seek up/down, remote cd pre-wiring Monsoon 500 watt peak power with 10 speaker premium sound system and steering wheel leather wrapped w/driver touch radio controls. Transmission; 4 speed auto. Power seat- drivers 6 way, Security package (includes theft deterrent system and remote key-less entry), 3800 performance package that included 3.42 gears with "posi-trac" Zexel Torsen T2 limited slip differential, 4 wheel disc brakes, dual mufflers and an LS1 steering rack= 14.4:1, 235/55/16 tires, ; hatch roof, removable, 16" chromed aluminum wheels, 50 state low emission vehicle. In 2001 the dealer price for this 75th Anniversary package was $4530.00. There were a total of 472 of these packages sold in 2001, #239 on the L36 Firebird, 231 on the Formula W66 Coupe, 5 on Formula Firehawks and 2 on Trans-Ams—making these editions quite rare.[27] Manufacturer original window stickers included this as a separate package listing the items and one price.

text:
2002 Collector's Edition Trans Am
For the Firebird's final year, a collector's edition Trans Am was released as either a yellow WS6 convertible or WS6 t-top coupe, with twin black stripes from hood to tail, black-painted five-spoke 17-inch alloy wheels, and further black-trimmed body details.

text: Engines[edit]

text:
1993
3.4 L (207.5 cu in) L32 V6
5.7L 350 CID LT1 V8 (iron block, aluminum heads)

1994
3.4 L (207.5 cu in) L32 V6
5.7L 350 CID LT1 V8 (iron block, aluminum heads)

1995
3.4 L (207.5 cu in) L32 V6
3.8 L (231.9 cu in) L36 V6 (California Only)
5.7L 350 CID LT1 V8 (iron block, aluminum heads)

1996
3.8 L (231.9 cu in) L36 V6
5.7L 350 CID LT1 V8 (iron block, aluminum heads)

1997
3.8 L (231.9 cu in) L36 V6
5.7L 350 CID LT1 V8 (iron block, aluminum heads)
5.7L 350 CID LT4 V8 (iron block, aluminum heads) in Firehawk by SLP

1998
3.8 L (231.9 cu in) L36 V6
5.7L 346 CID LS1 V8 (aluminum block and heads)

1999
3.8 L (231.9 cu in) L36 V6
5.7L 346 CID LS1 V8 (aluminum block and heads)

2000
3.8 L (231.9 cu in) L36 V6
5.7L 346 CID LS1 V8 (aluminum block and heads)

2001
3.8 L (231.9 cu in) L36 V6
5.7L 346 CID LS1 V8 (aluminum block and heads)

2002
3.8 L (231.9 cu in) L36 V6
5.7L 346 CID LS1 V8 (aluminum block and heads)

text: Firebird Trans Am[edit]

text:
Pontiac Firebird Trans Am
OverviewManufacturer
General MotorsProduction
1969–2002Body and chassisClass
Pony car, Muscle carBody style
2-door convertible 1969, 1987–1989 Pontiac sanctioned special edition, 1991–1992, 1994–20022-door coupe 1969–2002Layout
FR layoutPlatform
F-body

text: The Trans Am was a specialty package for the Firebird, typically upgrading handling, suspension, and horsepower, as well as minor appearance modifications such as exclusive hoods, spoilers, fog lights and wheels. Four distinct generations were produced between 1969 and 2002. These cars were built on the F-body platform, which was also shared by the Chevrolet Camaro.

text: Despite its name, the Trans Am was not initially used in the Trans Am Series, as its smallest engine exceeded the SCCA's five liter displacement limit.

text: The second generation was available from 1970 to 1981 and was featured in the 1977 movie Smokey and the Bandit,  the 1978 movie Hooper, the 1979 movie Rocky II, and the 1980 movie Smokey and the Bandit II.  The Firebird Trans Am was also selected as the Official Pace Car for the 1980 Indianapolis 500.  The third generation, available from 1982 to 1992, was featured in the 1983 movie Smokey and the Bandit Part 3 and the 1984 movie Alphabet City. KITT, the automotive star, and its evil twin counterpart KARR, of the popular 1980s TV series Knight Rider, was a modified third-generation Trans Am. The fourth-generation Trans Am, available from model years 1993 to 2002, offered between 275 and 325 bhp (205 and 242 kW). The fictional character Dwight Schrute from NBC's show The Office, is another famous driver of the 1987 model.

text: The Trans Am GTA (Gran Turismo Americano) was an options package available on the Firebird Trans Am which added gold 16-inch diamond-spoke alloy wheels, a mono-chromatic paint scheme and special cloisonné GTA badges. The GTA (along with the Formula model that was intended to fill the gap between the base model Firebird and mid-level Trans Am) was the brainchild of former Pontiac marketing manager Lou Wassel. It was intended to be the "ultimate" Trans Am and was the most expensive Firebird available. The GTA equipment package officially went on sale in 1987 and avoided a gas-guzzler tax thanks to its lightweight PW 16-inch gold cross-lace wheels. The high-performance WS6 suspension package was also re-tuned to offer a more compliant ride while still maintaining tight handling characteristics. Engine choices consisted of a L98 5.7 liter (350 ci) TPI  V8 mated to GM's corporate 700R4 automatic transmission or the 5.0 liter (305 ci) TPI V8. A five-speed manual was available but was mated to the 5.0 liter only. The GTA trim level was available from 1987 through the 1992 model year.

text: For 1989, the 20th anniversary turbo Trans Am project (originally conceived by Bill Owen of Pontiac) was outsourced to PAS, Inc., an engineering firm led by Jeff Beitzel. Beitzel and his team did most of the TTA development work. The 3.8 liter turbocharged V6 engines were built by PAS at their 40,000 square foot City of Industry, CA plant. From there, they went to GM's plant in Van Nuys, CA to be installed into GTAs on the F-Body assembly line. The cars were then shipped back to PAS for final assembly, testing, and quality control. Incidentally, the GTA chassis were selected at random, thus there is no correlation between the VIN and production sequence number. The initial number of cars to be produced had ranged from 500 to 2,500 until GM finally settled on 1,500. In all, a total of 1,555 Turbo Trans Ams were manufactured.  One of these served as the 1989 Indianapolis 500 pace car.

text: The 2002 model-year WS6 Trans Am produced 325 horsepower at 5,200 rpm and 350 lb-ft of torque at 4,000 rpm out of its 5.7-liter LS1 V8 engine.[28]  A completely-stock WS6 completed the ¼—mile in 13.16 seconds at 106.05 mph on Eagle F1 street tires.[29]

text: Engines[edit]

text: First generation[edit]

text:
1969
400 cu in (6.6 L) Pontiac Ram Air III V8 335 bhp (250 kW)
400 cu in (6.6 L) Pontiac Ram Air IV V8 345 bhp (257 kW)
400 cu in (6.6 L) Pontiac Ram Air V V8 (rare dealer-installed option) 500 bhp (370 kW)[citation needed]

text: Second generation[edit]

text:
1970
400 cu in (6.6 L) Pontiac Ram Air III 345hp V8
400 cu in (6.6 L) Pontiac Ram Air IV 370hp V8
400 cu in (6.6 L) Pontiac Ram Air V V8 There are no known 1970 Trans Ams with the Ram Air V, no complete engines were ever sold or shipped to dealers, but the parts needed to build one could be ordered over-the-counter.[30]

1971
455 cu in (7.5 L) Pontiac H.O. V8

1972
455 cu in (7.5 L) Pontiac H.O. V8

1973
455 cu in (7.5 L) Pontiac V8
455 cu in (7.5 L) Pontiac S.D. V8

1974
400 cu in (6.6 L) Pontiac V8
455 cu in (7.5 L) Pontiac V8
455 cu in (7.5 L) Pontiac S.D. V8

1975
400 cu in (6.6 L) Pontiac V8
455 cu in (7.5 L) Pontiac V8 455-H.O. These cars came with a 455-H.O decal on the Shaker Hood Scoop but were not anywhere near the same engine as the 71-72 H.O.'s. They were standard production engines lifted from Pontiac's station wagon line and transplanted straight into the T/A. Rated at ~ 200 HP. Pontiac did this to try to boost sales, and the engine was only available with the 4-speed manual transmission. A total of 857 were built as it was a mid-year addition.[31]

1976
400 cu in (6.6 L) Pontiac V8
455 cu in (7.5 L) Pontiac V8 455 H.O. The only difference between this engine and the previous 1975 engine is the H.O. was removed from the shaker hood scoop and simply said 455. It came with a 4-speed manual transmission. A total of 7,099 were built this year's full production run.[32]

1977
403 cu in (6.6 L) Oldsmobile V8
400 cu in (6.6 L) Pontiac W72 V8

1978
403 cu in (6.6 L) Oldsmobile V8
400 cu in (6.6 L) Pontiac W72 V8

1979
301 cu in (4.9 L) Pontiac V8
403 cu in (6.6 L) Oldsmobile V8 (Automatic only)
400 cu in (6.6 L) Pontiac W72 V8 (4-speed only)These engines were actually 1978s that were stockpiled for 1979. Pontiac ceased production of the 400 in 1978.

1980
301 cu in (4.9 L) Pontiac V8
305 cu in (5.0 L) Chevrolet V8 (4-speed only)
301 cu in (4.9 L) Pontiac turbo V8

1981
301 cu in (4.9 L) Pontiac V8
305 cu in (5.0 L) Chevrolet V8  301 cu in (4.9 L) Pontiac turbo V8

text: Third generation[edit]

text: From 1982 onward, all engines were Chevrolet sourced, unless stated otherwise.

text:
1982
305 cu in (5.0 L) 4 barrel V8
305 cu in (5.0 L) cross-fire injection V8 (First year for fuel injection in Trans Am)

1983
305 cu in (5.0 L) 4 barrel V8
305 cu in (5.0 L) cross-fire injection V8
305 cu in (5.0 L) 4 barrel V8 H.O. (662 were made, all 5-speeds)

1984
305 cu in (5.0 L) 4 barrel V8
305 cu in (5.0 L) 4 barrel H.O. V8 (1500 anniversary edition models were made, 500 of them 5-speed)

1985
305 cu in (5.0 L) 4 barrel V8
305 cu in (5.0 L) tuned port injection V8
305 cu in (5.0 L) 4 barrel H.O. V8 H.O. (5-speed only)

1986
305 cu in (5.0 L) 4 barrel V8
305 cu in (5.0 L) tuned port injection V8
305 cu in (5.0 L) 4 barrel V8 H.O. (5-speed only) A total of 69 were built.

1987
305 cu in (5.0 L) 4 barrel V8
305 cu in (5.0 L) tuned port injection V8
350 cu in (5.7 L) tuned port injection V8

1988
305 cu in (5.0 L) throttle body injection V8
305 cu in (5.0 L) tuned port injection V8
350 cu in (5.7 L) tuned port injection V8

1989
305 cu in (5.0 L) throttle body injection V8
305 cu in (5.0 L) tuned port injection V8
350 cu in (5.7 L) tuned port injection V8
231 cu in (3.8 L) Buick Turbo V6

1990
305 cu in (5.0 L) throttle body injection V8
305 cu in (5.0 L) tuned port injection V8
350 cu in (5.7 L) tuned port injection V8

1991
305 cu in (5.0 L) throttle body injection V8
305 cu in (5.0 L) tuned port injection V8
350 cu in (5.7 L) tuned port injection V8

1992
305 cu in (5.0 L) throttle body injection V8
305 cu in (5.0 L) tuned port injection V8
350 cu in (5.7 L) tuned port injection V8

text: Post Pontiac Trans Am[edit]

text: In 2012, General Motors signed a licensing deal with Trans Am Depot to use the Trans Am name and Pontiac logos in custom versions of new Trans Ams.[33] Under this agreement, Trans Am Depot takes brand new model Chevrolet Camaros, strips them down to their basic components and rebuilds what looks like new Trans Ams.[34]  They make these in the designs of the 6T9 version Trans Am, 6T9 Goat ("GTO"),[35][36] 7T7 Trans Am and the limited edition Hurst Trans Am.[37][38]

text: Performance (Firebird / Firebird Trans Am)[edit]

text:
Engine

Year(s)

Power

0–60 mph

Top speed

Comments

400 cu in (6.6 L) Pontiac W72 V8

1979
220 bhp (160 kW)
 8.2 s.

Trans Am model equipped with 400 4-speed manual[39]

305 cu in (5.0 L) LB9 V8

1989–1992
225 bhp (168 kW)
 7.8 s.
> 140 mph (230 km/h)
Formula model equipped with N10/MM5/GM3 option codes[40]

350 cu in (5.7 L) L98 V8

1989–1992
235 bhp (175 kW)
 6.2 s.
> 145 mph (233 km/h)
GTA model

231 cu in (3.8 L) Buick Turbo V6

1989
250 bhp (190 kW)
4.6 s.[41]
162 mph (261 km/h)[42]
20th anniversary Trans Am pace car

5.7 L (347.8 cu in) LT1 V8

1993–1997
275–285 bhp (205–213 kW)
6.0 s.
155 mph (249 km/h) (electronically limited)

1996–1997
305 bhp (227 kW)
5.6 s.
155 mph (249 km/h) (electronically limited)
Ram Air

5.7 L (347.8 cu in) LS1 V8

1998–2000
305 bhp (227 kW) (Trans Am), 320 bhp (240 kW) WS.6
6.1 s.
160 mph (260 km/h) (electronically limited)

2001–2002
310 bhp (230 kW) (Trans Am), 325 bhp (242 kW) WS.6
5.7 s.
160 mph (260 km/h) (electronically limited)

text: Racing[edit]

text: Firebirds were used in the Trans-Am series in the 1960s and 1970s. When the Firebird Trans Am was released, there was controversy over the model's inability to compete in the Trans-Am because the smallest available engine was too large for use in the series at 400 cubic inches (6.6 liters). The name also caused controversy because it was used without permission from the SCCA, who threatened suit. GM settled the dispute by paying $5 to the SCCA for each car they sold. When the Trans-Am was last seen, model year 2002 Firebirds were in use. From 1996 to 2006, a WS6 Trans Am coupe provided the body style for the mechanically identical racing cars used in the International Race of Champions (IROC).

text: During the 1995, 1996, and 1997 NHRA seasons, 14-time funny car champion John Force used a Firebird body to replace the obsolete Oldsmobile Cutlass and Chevrolet Lumina bodies he had used since 1988. He used it for three seasons, winning the championship in all three years. The Firebird was also used by drivers such as Del Worsham, Tim Wilkerson, Frank Pedregon, and Jerry Toliver. The Firebird body also replaced the Oldsmobile Cutlass in the pro stock class in 1995, forcing drivers Warren Johnson, Jerry Eckman, and Mark Pawuk to replace their body styles for the 1996 year. None of them would win with the first year of the Firebird body, but pro stock driver Jim Yates, a second year driver, using the Firebird body, did.

text: Notes[edit]

text:
Jump up ^ On March 1, 1968, the L67 400CID Ram Air engine was deleted as an option and replaced with the same named L67 400CID Ram Air II engine. The new L67 was rated at 340 hp (250 kW), with revised cylinder heads that included round exhaust ports. The pistons and crankshaft were of forged construction and it included a higher lift cam with a more durable valvetrain.[1]

^ Jump up to: a b c d  Chevrolet 350, VIN code "L", Buick 350, VIN code "X", and Oldsmobile 350, VIN code "R", enigines were all used.[1]

Jump up ^ In 1971, General Motors changed from posting brake horsepower, which is measured at the engine, to net horsepower, measured at the wheels.[1]

^ Jump up to: a b The lower rating is for a car equipped with an automatic transmissions, the higher rating is for a car equipped with a manual transmission.[1]

Jump up ^ Early engines were rated at 310hp but due to internal changes, primarily with the camshaft, the rating was dropped to 290hp, these changes were made to meet emissions standards.[1]

Jump up ^ The 170hp engine was standard on the Esprit and Formula models.[1]

Jump up ^ Indroduced midyear.[1]

Jump up ^ In 1978 GM switched to referencing their engince displacement in metric terms.[1]


document_title: Mr. Peabody & Sherman

question_text: who did mel brooks play in mr peabody and sherman

text: Mr. Peabody & Sherman

text: Plot[edit]

text: Mr. Peabody is a gifted anthropomorphic dog who has an adopted 7-year-old young human son, Sherman. He tutors Sherman travelling throughout history using the WABAC, a time machine. They visit Marie Antoinette in Versailles during the French Revolution in 1789. Getting caught in the Reign of Terror, Peabody is nearly sent to the guillotine by Maximilien Robespierre, but escapes with Sherman through the Paris sewers.

text: In the present day, Sherman attends the Susan B. Anthony School in New York City. His knowledge of the apocryphal nature of the George Washington cherry-tree anecdote leads to a fight with Penny Peterson in the cafeteria where she puts him in a choke hold. Peabody is called in by Principal Purdy who tells Peabody that Sherman had bit Penny. He is also confronted during this meeting by Ms. Grunion, a Child Protective Services agent, who implies that Sherman's behavior is due to being raised by a dog. She informs Peabody that she will come to their home to investigate whether he is an unfit parent.

text: Peabody invites Penny and her parents over for a dinner party to reconcile before Ms. Grunion arrives. Penny calls Sherman a liar for claiming first-hand knowledge of history. Despite Peabody's contrary instructions, Sherman shows Penny the WABAC. Penny goads Sherman into taking her into the past, where she stays in Ancient Egypt in 1332 BCE to marry King Tut. Sherman returns to get Mr. Peabody's help. Peabody hypnotises the Petersons, and retrieves Penny by telling her the fate of a pharaoh's widow.

text: The WABAC runs out of power, but Peabody is able to get them to Renaissance Florence in 1508 where they meet Leonardo da Vinci. Penny and Sherman explore da Vinci's attic, finding his flying machine. Penny goads Sherman into flying it, which he manages to do before crashing. Da Vinci is thrilled the device works, but Peabody is upset that Sherman risked his safety and destroyed a historical artifact.

text: They again attempt to return, but a black hole forces them into an emergency landing during the Trojan War in 1184 BCE. Upset about learning what Ms. Grunion would do to him, Sherman runs off and joins the army of King Agamemnon in the Trojan Horse. During the final parts of the Trojan War, Penny is trapped inside the Horse as it rolls towards a cliff. Peabody rescues her, but apparently dies during the attempt.

text: Sherman pilots the WABAC to a few minutes before they left in the present to get Mr. Peabody's help to fix everything. As Sherman and Penny try to explain the situation, Sherman's earlier self shows up. Peabody tries to conceal the presence of two Shermans from the Petersons, then Grunion arrives. Then a second Peabody arrives from Ancient Troy. Grunion's attempt to collect both Shermans causes them to touch and begin to merge. Both Peabodys rush to assist, but they each merge back together amidst a cosmic shockwave. Grunion grabs Sherman to take him away, hurting him in the process. Peabody furiously bites Grunion, who then calls the NYPD. Peabody, Penny, and Sherman race to the WABAC, but cannot time travel due to a rip in the space-time continuum caused by the merger of their cosmic doubles. Historical figures and objects from the past begin falling from the cosmic rip and into the present.

text: Mr. Peabody crash-lands the WABAC in Grand Army Plaza at William Tecumseh Sherman's statue's base. Historical figures and police officers quickly surround them. Grunion calls in Animal Control to collect Peabody. Sherman explains that everything was his fault, but Grunion contends that it is all because a dog cannot raise a boy. Sherman climactically shouts down Grunion, saying that if being a dog means being as loving and loyal as Peabody is, then he is proud to be a dog too. Penny, her parents, the historical figures, and others all make the same pledge. George Washington is able to grant Peabody a presidential pardon which is supported by Abraham Lincoln and Bill Clinton.

text: As Peabody, Leonardo da Vinci, Albert Einstein, Isaac Newton, and Agamemnon try to figure out how to close the rip, Sherman suggests they travel into the future. Peabody and Sherman take off in the WABAC and undo the damage. The historical figures are dragged back to their respective times, with Agamemnon abducting Grunion back to his own time as she vows revenge on Peabody.

text: Sherman returns to school having made friends with Penny. History, meanwhile, is contaminated with modern traits, while Grunion and Agamemnon get married in the Trojan Horse.

text: Voice cast[edit]

text:
Ty Burrell as Mr. Peabody,[8] a talking dog, business titan, inventor, scientist, Nobel laureate, gourmet chef, and two-time Olympic medalist[9]
Max Charles as Sherman,[8] Peabody's seven-year-old adopted young boy[10]
Ariel Winter as Penny Peterson, Mr. and Mrs. Peterson's daughter and Sherman's classmate[11][12]
Stephen Colbert as Paul Peterson, Penny Peterson's father and Patty's husband[11]
Leslie Mann as Patty Peterson, Paul's wife and Penny's mother[12][13]
Allison Janney as Edwina Grunion,[14] the bigoted Children's Services agent[11][15]
Stephen Tobolowsky as Principal Purdy, the principal of Sherman's school[16]
Stanley Tucci as Leonardo da Vinci[12][13]
Patrick Warburton as King Agamemnon[17]
Zach Callison as King Tut[18]
Dennis Haysbert as Judge[19]
Leila Birch as WABAC[20]
Karan Brar as Mason, one of Sherman's friends
Joshua Rush as Carl, another one of Sherman's friends; he wears glasses and is seen in a wheelchair
Thomas Lennon as Italian Peasant #2

text: In addition to Leonardo da Vinci, King Agamemnon, and King Tut, the film features other historical figures including Albert Einstein (Mel Brooks),[21] Mona Lisa (Lake Bell),[12] Marie Antoinette (Lauri Fraser),[16] Maximilien de Robespierre (Guillaume Aretos),[16] George Washington, Abraham Lincoln, Bill Clinton, Isaac Newton (all voiced by Jess Harnell),[20] Odysseus (Tom McGrath),[20] Ajax the Lesser (Al Rodrigo)[20] and Spartacus (Walt Dohrn).[22] There are also cameos with no words by Benjamin Franklin,[23] Mahatma Gandhi,[24] William Shakespeare,[25] Ludwig van Beethoven,[25] Vincent van Gogh,[26] the Wright Brothers,[22] Jackie Robinson[22] and baby Moses.[27]

text: Production[edit]

text: Development[edit]

text: Plans for a film starring Mister Peabody and Sherman have existed for several years with director Rob Minkoff. His first attempt to make a feature film goes to 2003, when it was reported that Minkoff's Sony-based production company Sprocketdyne Entertainment and Bullwinkle Studios would produce a live-action/CG film, with a possibility of Minkoff to direct it.[28]

text: The live-action film was not realized, but in 2006, Minkoff joined DreamWorks Animation to direct a computer-animated film adaptation. Andrew Kurtzman was set to write the screenplay, based on the pitch, developed by Minkoff with his longtime producing partner Jason Clark.[29] The final screenplay was written by Craig Wright, with revisions by Robert Ben Garant and Thomas Lennon.

text: Tiffany Ward, daughter of Jay Ward, one of the creators of the original series, served as an executive producer,[6] whose job was to make sure the film stayed "true to the integrity of the characters." When she was approached by Minkoff ten years before the film's release, she was enthused by his intention to respect the legacy: "What better caretaker for the characters could we ask for than Rob."[30] Lengthy pursuit to make the adaptation "perfect" took them a long time, but she was pleased with the end result, which stayed "very true to the original cartoon."[30]

text: Casting[edit]

text: In early 2011, Robert Downey, Jr. signed on to voice Mr. Peabody,[31] but in March 2012, he was replaced by Ty Burrell.[8] Reportedly, Downey's commitments to The Avengers and other franchises did not allow him to find the time to record his lines.[32] Initially, Tiffany Ward and others at the studio opposed Burrell, who was then relatively unknown, but he managed to convince them with a successful audition.[32] Ward insisted on someone who sounds like Mr. Peabody did in the original series, while Minkoff saw the casting as an opportunity "to modernize the character."[32] He promised her that Burrell would try to "get there and he started watching the show to nail the cadence. He got the underlying connection and he made it his own."[32]

text: Max Charles, the actor who played young Peter Parker in The Amazing Spider-Man, voiced Sherman.[8] Stephen Colbert voiced Paul Peterson, Leslie Mann, who replaced Ellie Kemper, voiced Peterson's wife, Patty,[12] and Ariel Winter voiced their daughter Penny. Other voices include Stephen Tobolowsky, Allison Janney, Mel Brooks, Stanley Tucci, Patrick Warburton, Lake Bell, Zach Callison, Karan Brar, and Dennis Haysbert.[11] According to Minkoff, Burrell was chosen because his voice "embodied all the different aspects of the character today. Not just the intellect and the suave personality, but the underlying warmth as well."[30]

text: Release[edit]

text: Mr. Peabody & Sherman went through several release date changes. Originally scheduled for March 2014,[33][34] DreamWorks Animation's high expectations moved the film to November 2013, replacing another DreamWorks Animation film Me and My Shadow.[11][35] The last shift happened in February 2013, which pushed the film back to March 7, 2014, reportedly due to a "more advantageous release window", again replacing Me and My Shadow.[3] The film premiered a month earlier in the United Kingdom, on February 7, 2014.[36]

text: The film was planned[37] to be theatrically[38] accompanied with a DreamWorks Animation short film Rocky & Bullwinkle,[39] based on the Rocky and Bullwinkle characters from The Rocky and Bullwinkle Show. The short was directed by Gary Trousdale, who is known for co-directing Disney's Beauty and the Beast, produced by Nolan Cascino, and written by Thomas Lennon and Robert Garant.[39] June Foray was set to reprise her role as Rocket "Rocky" J. Squirrel,[39] while Tom Kenny was set to voice Bullwinkle Moose.[40] The short would have served as a test for a possible feature film based on the characters.[41] Almost Home, a short based on the DreamWorks Animation film Home, played before the film instead.[42] However, the new CGI Rocky & Bullwinkle short was instead released on the Blu-ray release of the film.[43]

text: Home media[edit]

text: Mr. Peabody & Sherman was released in digital HD on September 23, 2014, and on Blu-ray (2D and 3D) and DVD on October 14, 2014.[44] The Blu-ray release also included a new CGI Rocky & Bullwinkle short film.[44] As of February 2015, 3.4 million home entertainment units were sold.[45]

text: Reception[edit]

text: Critical response[edit]

text: Review aggregation website Rotten Tomatoes gives the film a score of 80% based on reviews from 122 critics, with an average rating of 6.6/10. The site's consensus reads: "Mr. Peabody & Sherman offers a surprisingly entertaining burst of colorful all-ages fun, despite its dated source material and rather convoluted plot."[46] Another review aggregation website, Metacritic, which assigns a normalized rating out of 100 top reviews from mainstream critics, calculated a score of 59 out of 100 based on 34 reviews.[47] Furthermore, the CinemaScore audience rating of the film is an "A", indicating they were pleased with the film.[48]

text: Peter Bradshaw of The Guardian said: "(The film) takes a little while for the audience to get up to speed, but once this is achieved, there's an awful lot of unexpected fun to be had,"[49] while Mark Kermode of the sister paper The Observer declared, "Pleasant to report, then, that DreamWorks' latest offers a fairly consistent stream of sight gags and vocal slapstick, even as the plot veers wildly down a wormhole in the time-space continuum."[50] Kevin McFarland of The A.V. Club gave the film a C+, saying, "Unlike the whimsical, slapstick-driven shorts on which it's based, this feature-length adaptation adds an obligatory emotional arc that feels at odds with the zany spirit of historical time-travel tales."[51] A. O. Scott of The New York Times gave the film a positive review, saying, "This DreamWorks Animation production, directed by Rob Minkoff (Stuart Little, The Lion King) from a screenplay by Craig Wright, is not perfect, but it is fast-moving, intermittently witty and pretty good fun."[52] Richard Roeper of the Chicago Sun-Times gave the film a B, saying, "Mr. Peabody & Sherman is a whip-smart, consistently funny and good-natured film with some terrific voice performances and one of the most hilarious appearances ever by an animated version of a living human being."[53] Claudia Puig of USA Today gave the film two and a half stars out of four, saying, "Mr. Peabody & Sherman is lively, educational and intermittently amusing. The fun, however, grows strained and formulaic as the movie goes on."[54] Michael Phillips of the Chicago Tribune gave the film two out of four stars, saying, "The film's animation design is strictly generic in its rounded edges and dutiful 3-D IN YOUR FACE!!! gimmicks. And the story gets off to such a sour start, it takes a long time for the comedy to recover."[21]

text: Bill Goodykoontz of The Arizona Republic gave the film two and a half stars out of five, saying, "It retains the main characters, the WABAC machine, the trips through history – but not the sense of nuttiness that made the TV cartoon so delightful."[55] Colin Covert of the Star Tribune gave the film three out of four stars, saying, "What a relief to see that while Mr. Peabody's visuals are enhanced to sleek 21st-century standards, the essential charm of the series survives more or less intact."[56] Elizabeth Weitzman of New York Daily News gave the film three out of four stars, saying, "Burrell doesn't quite capture the wry deadpan of the original, but then, neither does the movie. That's okay."[57] Bruce Demara of the Toronto Star gave the film three out of four stars, saying, "Kids of all ages are sure to enjoy this visually splendid, fast-paced blast through the past."[58] Betsy Sharkey of the Los Angeles Times gave the film a negative review, saying, "For all the ways the film reflects its earlier TV incarnation, the shadings have been softened. Mr. Peabody could use a bit more bite."[59] Soren Anderson of The Seattle Times gave the film two and a half stars out of four, saying, "Frantically paced by director Rob Minkoff (The Lion King) and making very effective use of 3D – Hey! Get that sword out of my face! – the movie will surely appeal to kids."[60] Rafer Guzman of Newsday gave the film two and a half stars out of four, saying, "The movie has trouble stitching together disjointed episodes into a coherent narrative. Thanks to a strong voice cast, however, the characters retain their charm throughout."[61]

text: Leslie Felperin of The Hollywood Reporter gave the film a positive review, saying, "The film's saving grace is its character design and use of 3D techniques to speed things up in every sense when the plot starts to flag."[62] Liam Lacey of The Globe and Mail gave the film two and a half stars out of four, saying, "Mr. Peabody is fast-paced and jammed with rib-poking historical references, but it couldn't be called witty, even on the broadly winking level of the original cartoon."[63] Stephen Whitty of the Newark Star-Ledger gave the film three out of four stars, saying, "Fifty years ago, animated entertainment was a lot quieter. But that was my Mr. Peabody & Sherman. This is someone else's. And it should give them, and even a few open-minded parents, almost just as much giggly fun."[64] Owen Gleiberman of Entertainment Weekly gave the film a B, saying, "Mr. Peabody & Sherman has a zesty time mixing and matching historical figures, from Marie Antoinette to George Washington. Yet the movie never, to my mind, conjured quite the quirky effervescence of such brainiac animated features as the Jimmy Neutron or SpongeBob SquarePants movies."[65] Michael O'Sullivan of The Washington Post gave the film one out of four stars, saying, "By visual standards alone, the characters, rendered in eye-popping 3-D, resemble nothing so much as Macy's Thanksgiving Day Parade floats. They're just as lifeless and inexpressive, too."[66] Sean Daly of the Tampa Bay Times gave the film a B, saying, "Before getting sucked into a what-the-wormhole ending that will scramble young brains, time-travel romp Mr. Peabody & Sherman is a fast, fun 3-D getaway."[67]

text: Lou Lumenick of the New York Post gave the film three out of four stars, saying, "Against all odds, DreamWorks Animation has created a smart, funny and beautifully designed feature called Mr. Peabody & Sherman."[68] Tom Huddleston of Time Out gave the film two out of five stars, saying, "This feature-length Mr Peabody & Sherman is by no means unbearable: there are a few decent gags, and the episodic plot just about manages to hold the interest. But there's little here for any but the most easy-to-please youngsters."[69] Eric Henderson of Slant Magazine gave the film one and a half stars out of four, saying, "The film spent roughly a dozen years in development, and the moronic, corporate detritus from that long time warp is strewn about like so many improbable history lessons."[70] Steven Rea of The Philadelphia Inquirer gave the film three out of four stars, saying, "Mr. Peabody & Sherman has a cool, midcentury-modern look (dog and boy live in a populuxe Manhattan penthouse) and a voice cast that may not be A-list but fits the bill nicely."[71] David Gritten of The Daily Telegraph gave the film four out of five stars, saying, "It's sweet-natured and amusing, with a story to captivate kids; yet the script has enough witty touches to keep adults laughing too."[72] Perry Seibert, writing for AllMovie, gave the movie two stars out of five, calling the movie "long, loud, and visually exhausting" and saying that it "feels less like an attempt to update a boomer classic for millennials than a prime example of how lazy marketing guys hold sway over what movies get made."[73]

text: Box office[edit]

text: Mr. Peabody & Sherman grossed $111,506,430 in North America, and $164,191,609 in other countries, for a worldwide total of $275,698,039[5] With a budget of $145 million,[5] the film underperformed, forcing DreamWorks Animation to take a $57 million write-down on behalf of the film.[74]

text: In North America, the film earned $8 million on its opening day,[75] and opened to number two in its first weekend, with $32,207,057, behind 300: Rise of an Empire.[76] In its second weekend, the film moved up to number one, grossing $21,809,249.[77] In its third weekend, the film dropped to number three, grossing $11,832,558.[78] In its fourth weekend, the film dropped to number four, grossing $9,070,635.[79]

text: Accolades[edit]

text:
Awards

Award
Category
Recipients and nominees
Result

Annie Award[80][81]
Outstanding Achievement for Animated Effects in an Animated Production
Fangwei Lee, Krzysztof Rost, Jihyun Yoon, Robert Chen
Nominated

Outstanding Achievement for Character Design in an Animated Feature Production
Timothy Lamb, Joe Moshier
Nominated

Outstanding Achievement for Music in an Animated Feature Production
Danny Elfman
Nominated

Outstanding Achievement for Production Design in an Animated Feature Production
David James, Ruben Perez, Priscilla Wong, Timothy Lamb, Alexandre Puvilland
Nominated

British Academy Children's Awards[82]
BAFTA Kid's Vote - Film in 2014

Nominated

Golden Trailer Awards[83]
Best Original Score
"Who's the Dog", 20th Century Fox, Buddha Jones
Nominated

Best Animation/Family TV Spot
Nominated

Best Pre-show Theatrical Advertising for a Brand
"Odeon Premier Club", 20th Century Fox, Toy Box Entertainment
Nominated

Best Viral Video or Campaign
"History Greatest Mystery", 20th Century Fox, Toy Box Entertainment
Nominated

text: Soundtrack[edit]

text:
Mr. Peabody & Sherman

Soundtrack album by Danny Elfman

Released
March 3, 2014

Recorded
2014

Genre
Film score

Length
50:10

Label
Relativity Music Group

Danny Elfman film scores chronology

American Hustle
(2013)American Hustle2013
Mr. Peabody & Sherman
(2014)
Big Eyes
(2014)Big Eyes2014

text: The film's score was composed by Danny Elfman.[84] The soundtrack was released by Relativity Music Group on March 3, 2014.[85] Peter Andre wrote and performed for the film a song titled "Kid",[86][87] which is played during the British version of the end credits, instead of Grizfolk's "Way Back When".[88]

text: All music composed by Danny Elfman, except as noted.

text:
No.
Title
Length

1.
"Mr. Peabody’s Prologue"
3:19

2.
"Reign of Terror!"
2:48

3.
"The Drop Off"
1:14

4.
"The Dog Whistle"
0:48

5.
"The Cherry Tree"
0:59

6.
"A Deep Regard"
0:52

7.
"Beautiful Boy (Darling Boy)" (John Lennon)
3:51

8.
"Dinner Party"
0:30

9.
"The Petersons / The Wabac Machine"
3:08

10.
"Aquarela do Brasil"
0:47

11.
"Off to Egypt"
2:07

12.
"The Wedding Exodus"
1:05

13.
"Hammer-Time"
0:57

14.
"The Flying Machine"
4:42

15.
"Trojan Horse"
3:25

16.
"War / Disaster"
3:32

17.
"History Mash-Up"
4:33

18.
"I'm a Dog Too"
3:41

19.
"Fixing the Rip"
2:13

20.
"Back to School"
1:16

21.
"Aquarela do Brasil (Coda)"
1:03

22.
"The Amazing Mr. Peabody"
0:34

23.
"Way Back When" (Grizfolk)
2:46

Total length:
50:10

text: Television series[edit]

text: An animated television series featuring Mr. Peabody and Sherman, titled The Mr. Peabody and Sherman Show, was premiered on October 9, 2015, on Netflix.[89] The series is based on the 1960s short film segments that aired as part of The Rocky and Bullwinkle Show, and it also takes some elements from the film.[89] After being revealed as time travelers at the end of the film, Mr. Peabody and Sherman launch a live TV variety show, hosting various historical figures at their Manhattan penthouse.[89] The series is hand-drawn, with the Vancouver-based DHX Media providing the animation.[89] Mr. Peabody is voiced by Chris Parnell, while Max Charles reprises his role as Sherman from the film.[89] According to The Animation Guild, I.A.T.S.E. Local 839, 78 episodes of the television series have been ordered.[90] A soundtrack for the series was released digitally on October 2, 2015, and on CD in December 2015. Published by Lakeshore Records, the album features original score and the opening theme song by Eric Goldman and Michael Corcoran (aka The Outfit), and new original songs by Jukebox the Ghost, JD McPherson, Wordsworth and Prince Paul, and Ra Ra Riot.[91][92]


document_title: Mass number

question_text: where is the atomic mass located on an element

text: Mass number

text: The mass number (symbol A), also called atomic mass number or nucleon number, is the total number of protons and neutrons (together known as nucleons) in an atomic nucleus. It determines the atomic mass of atoms. Because protons and neutrons both are baryons, the mass number A is identical with the baryon number B as of the nucleus as of the whole atom or ion. The mass number is different for each different isotope of a chemical element. This is not the same as the atomic number (Z) which denotes the number of protons in a nucleus, and thus uniquely identifies an element. Hence, the difference between the mass number and the atomic number gives the number of neutrons (N) in a given nucleus: N=A−Z.[1]

text:
The mass number is written either after the element name or as a superscript to the left of an element's symbol. For example, the most common isotope of carbon is carbon-12, or 12C, which has 6 protons and 6 neutrons. The full isotope symbol would also have the atomic number (Z) as a subscript to the left of the element symbol directly below the mass number: 12
6C.[2] This is technically redundant, as each element is defined by its atomic number, so it is often omitted.

text: Mass number changes in radioactive decay[edit]

text:
Different types of radioactive decay are characterized by their changes in mass number as well as atomic number, according to the radioactive displacement law of Fajans and Soddy. For example, uranium-238 usually decays by alpha decay, where the nucleus loses two neutrons and two protons in the form of an alpha particle. Thus the atomic number and the number of neutrons each decrease by 2 (Z: 92→90, N: 146→144), so that the mass number decreases by 4 (A = 238→234); the result is an atom of thorium-234 and an alpha particle (4
2He2+):[3]

text:
238
92U
→
234
90Th
+
4
2He2+

text: On the other hand, carbon-14 naturally decays by radioactive beta decay, whereby one neutron is transmuted into a proton with the emission of an electron and an anti-neutrino. Thus the atomic number increases by 1 (Z: 6→7) and the mass number remains the same (A = 14), while the number of neutrons decreases by 1 (N: 8→7).[4] The resulting atom is nitrogen-14, with seven protons and seven neutrons:

text:
14
6C
→
14
7N
+
e−
+
ν
e

text: Another type of radioactive decay without change in mass number is emission of a gamma ray from a nuclear isomer or metastable excited state of an atomic nucleus. Since all the protons and neutrons remain in the nucleus unchanged in this process, the mass number is also unchanged.

text: Mass number and isotopic mass[edit]

text: The mass number gives an estimate of the isotopic mass measured in atomic mass units (u). For 12C the isotopic mass is exactly 12, since the atomic mass unit is defined as 1/12 of the mass of 12C. For other isotopes, the isotopic mass is usually within 0.1 u of the mass number. For example, 35Cl (17 protons and 18 neutrons) has a mass number of 35 and an isotopic mass of 34.96885.

text: There are two reasons for the difference between mass number and isotopic mass, known as the mass defect:

text:
The neutron is slightly heavier than the proton. This increases the mass of nuclei with more neutrons than protons relative to the atomic mass unit scale based on 12C with equal numbers of protons and neutrons.
The nuclear binding energy varies between nuclei. A nucleus with greater binding energy has a lower total energy, and therefore a lower mass according to Einstein's mass-energy equivalence relation E = mc2. For 35Cl the isotopic mass is less than 35 so this must be the dominant factor.

tag: ol

text: Relative atomic mass of an element[edit]

text: The mass number should also not be confused with the standard atomic weight (also called atomic weight) of an element, which is the ratio of the average atomic mass of the different isotopes of that element (weighted by abundance) to the unified atomic mass unit.[5] This weighted average can be quite different from the near-integer values for individual isotopic masses.

text: For instance, there are two main isotopes of chlorine: chlorine-35 and chlorine-37. In any given sample of chlorine that has not been subjected to mass separation there will be roughly 75% of chlorine atoms which are chlorine-35 and only 25% of chlorine atoms which are chlorine-37. This gives chlorine a relative atomic mass of 35.5 (actually 35.4527 g/mol).

text: Moreover, the weighted average mass can be near-integer, but at the same time not corresponding to the mass of any natural isotope. For example, bromine has only two stable isotopes, 79Br and 81Br, naturally present in approximately equal fractions, which leads to the standard atomic mass of bromine close to 80 (79.904 g/mol),[6] even though the isotope 80Br with such mass is unstable.