document_title: Google Chrome version history

question_text: what is the latest version of chrome browser

root

text: Google Chrome version history

text: The following table summarizes the release history for the Google Chrome web browser.

tag: p

text:
Discontinued

Stable channel

Beta channel

Dev channel

Canary channel

tag: table

text:
Major version

Release date

Layout engine[r 1]

V8 engine[r 2]

Significant changes

0.2.149

2008-09-02

WebKit 522

0.3

First release[r 3]

0.3.154

2008-10-29

Improved plugin performance and reliability
Spell checking for input fields
Improved web proxy performance and reliability
Tab and window management updates

0.4.154

2008-11-24

WebKit 525

Bookmark manager with import and export support
Privacy section added to the application options
New blocked popup notification

1.0.154

2008-12-11

WebKit 528

First stable release

2.0.172

2009-05-24

WebKit 530

0.4

35% faster JavaScript on the SunSpider benchmark
Mouse wheel support
Full-screen mode
Full-page zoom
Form auto-fill
Sort bookmarks by title
Tab docking to browser and desktop edges
Basic Greasemonkey support[r 4]

3.0.195

2009-10-12

WebKit 532

1.2

New "new tab" page for improved customization
25% faster JavaScript
HTML5 video and audio tag support
Lightweight theming

4.0.249

2010-01-25

WebKit 532.5

1.3

Extensions
Bookmark synchronization
Enhanced developer tools
Improved HTML5 support
Performance improvements
Full ACID3 pass
HTTP byte range support
Experimental new anti-reflected-XSS feature called "XSS Auditor"[r 5]

4.1.249

2010-03-17

Translate infobar[clarification needed]
New privacy features
Disabled XSS Auditor[r 6]

5.0.375

2010-05-21

WebKit 533

2.1

Browser preference synchronizing
Increased HTML5 support (Geolocation API, App Cache, web sockets, and file drag-and-drop)
Revamped bookmark manager
Adobe Flash Player integrated[r 7][r 8]
First stable releases for macOS, 32 bit Linux, and 64 bit Linux[r 9]

6.0.472

2010-09-02

WebKit 534.3

2.2

Updated and more streamlined UI with simplified Omnibox
New tab page
Merged menu buttons
Form auto-fill
Expanded synchronization support to include extensions and auto-fill data
Support for WebM videos
Built-in PDF support (disabled by default)[r 10]

7.0.517

2010-10-21

WebKit 534.7

2.3.11

Implemented HTML5 parsing algorithm
File API
Directory upload via input tag
macOS version gained AppleScript support for UI automation[r 11]
Late binding enabled for SSL sockets: high priority SSL requests are now always sent to the server first.
New options for managing cookies
Updated New Tab page to enable featuring of web applications

8.0.552

2010-12-02

WebKit 534.10

2.4.9

Chrome Web Store
Built-in PDF viewer that works inside Chrome's sandbox for increased security
Expanded synchronization support to include web applications
Improved plug-in handling[r 12]
This release added "about:flags" to showcase experimental features such as Chrome Instant, side tabs on Windows, tabbed settings, Click to Play,[clarification needed] background web applications, Remoting,[clarification needed] disables outdated plug-ins,[clarification needed] XSS Auditor,[clarification needed] Cloud Print Proxy,[clarification needed] GPU-accelerated compositing, WebGL support for the canvas element, and a "tab overview" mode (like Exposé) for macOS.

9.0.597

2011-02-03

WebKit 534.13

2.5.9

WebGL enabled by default
Adobe Flash sandboxing on Windows and Chrome Instant (a la Google Instant) option[r 13]
WebP support[r 14]
New flags: print preview, GPU-accelerated compositing, GPU-accelerated Canvas 2D, Google Native Client, CRX-less Web Apps, Web page prerendering, experimental Extension APIs, disable hyperlink auditing

10.0.648

2011-03-08

WebKit 534.16

3.0.12

Google Cloud Print sign-in interface enabled by default
Partially implemented sandboxing of the GPU process[r 15][r 16]
Faster JavaScript performance due to incorporation of Crankshaft, an improved compiler for V8[r 17]
Settings pages that open in a tab, rather than a dialog box
Malware reporting and disabling outdated plugins
Password sync
GPU accelerated video
Background WebApps
webNavigation extension API[r 18]

11.0.696

2011-04-27

WebKit 534.24

3.1.8

HTML5 Speech Input API[r 19]
Updated icon[r 20]

12.0.742

2011-06-07

WebKit 534.30

3.2.10

Hardware accelerated 3D CSS
New Safe Browsing protection against downloading malicious files
Ability to delete Flash cookies from inside Chrome[r 21]
Launch Apps by name from the Omnibox
Integrated Sync into new settings pages
Improved screen reader support
New warning when hitting Command-Q on Mac[r 21]
New flags: P2P API
Existing tab on foreground on open
Experimental new tab page
Add grouping to tab context menu
Run PPAPI Flash in the renderer process
Multiple profiles
Removed Google Gears
Print and Save buttons in the PDF viewer[r 22]

13.0.782

2011-08-02

WebKit 535.1

3.3.10

Instant Pages (pre-rendering of Web pages)[r 23]
Native print interface and preview (Linux and Windows only)
Experimental new tab page
Experimental Restrict Instant To Search option

14.0.835

2011-09-16

3.4.14

Native Client (NaCl) enabled for apps in the Chrome Web Store[r 24]
Web Audio API
Additional macOS Lion feature support
Sync Encryption for all data
Print preview on Mac
Validation of HTTPS sites[r 25]
Experimental Web Request extension API
Experimental Content Settings extension API[r 26]

15.0.874

2011-10-25

WebKit 535.2

3.5.10

Faster print preview[r 27]
Redesigned new tab page on by default[r 27]
JavaScript fullscreen API enabled by default[r 27]
Inline installation of Chrome Web Store items by verified sites
Omnibox History synchronization[r 28]
Switched to FFmpeg native VP8 decoder[r 29]
Extensions integrated into settings pages
GPU Accelerated Canvas 2D disabled

16.0.912

2011-12-13

WebKit 535.7

3.6.6

Multiple profiles on by default[r 28]
Optional permissions in Chrome extensions, so the user can opt-in or opt-out of the optional permissions at installation time[r 30]
Experimental support for side tabs was removed.[r 31]

17.0.963

2012-02-08

WebKit 535.11

3.7.12

Updated Omnibox prerendering of pages[r 32]
Download scanning protection[r 32]
New extensions APIs[r 32]
Improved History tab
Removal of "+" symbol from the "new tab" button
Limited support for changing user agent strings
Adjustable margins in print preview[r 33]
Search engine synchronization[r 34]
Disabled GAIA profile info[r 35]

18.0.1025

2012-03-282012-06-27 (Android ARM)2012-09-26 (18.0.1026, Android x86)

WebKit 535.19

3.8.9

Hardware-accelerated Canvas2D graphics[r 36]
WebGL without the need of 3D graphics hardware through the software rasterizer SwiftShader[r 36]
Brighter "new tab" button[r 37]

19.0.1084

2012-05-152012-06-28 (iOS)

WebKit 536.5

3.9.24

Access tabs between devices[r 38]
Reorganized and searchable settings interface
Better spell check by using the Google search engine spell checker
Web Store link to the bottom of New Tab page
Experimental JavaScript Harmony (ECMAScript 6) support[r 39]
Experimental Web Intents API[r 40]

20.0.1132

2012-06-26

WebKit 536.10

3.10.6

Experimental touch friendly user interface adjustments. Context menus have extra vertical padding between items.[r 41]
New tab button is bigger and wider

21.0.1180

2012-07-312012-08-22 (iOS)

WebKit 537.1

3.11.10

Media Stream API (getUserMedia) enabled by default. (E.g. webcam access via JavaScript.)[r 42]
Gamepad API prototype available by default.
Support for (pointer) and (hover) CSS media queries so sites can optimize their user interface for touch when touch-screen support is available.
HTML5 audio/video and WebAudio now support 24-bit PCM wave files

22.0.1229

2012-09-25

WebKit 537.4

3.12.19

New-style packaged apps are enabled by default.
New menu icon, replacing the wrench icon
Support for TLS 1.1[r 43][r 44]
Support for color management ICC v2 profiles by default[r 45]

23.0.1271

2012-11-062012-11-28 (iOS)

WebKit 537.11

3.13.7

Do Not Track preference[r 46]
Hardware video acceleration with 25% more efficient power consumption in some scenarios
Manager for site permission control
New icon for Chrome Web Store when opening new tab
PPAPI Flash Player (or Pepper-based Flash Player) replaced the NPAPI Flash Player on Mac also[r 47]

24.0.1312

2013-01-10

WebKit 537.17

3.14.5

Support for MathML[r 48]
The HTML5 datalist element now supports suggesting a date and time[r 48]
Experimental support for CSS custom filters[r 48][r 49]

25.0.1364

2013-02-212013-02-27 (Android)2013-03-04 (iOS)

WebKit 537.22

3.15.11

Support for Opus audio
Support for VP9 video[r 50]
Silent installs of external extensions are now disabled by default.[r 51]
Web Speech API[r 52]
Encrypted omnibox search (https)[r 53]
Native Client on ARM
Disabled MathML support for the time being[r 54]
Android version (update from 18):

Newer V8 JavaScript engine
Audio now continues to play while Chrome is in the background
Support for pausing audio in Chrome when phone is in use

26.0.1410

2013-03-262013-04-03 (Android)2013-04-09 (iOS)

WebKit 537.31

3.16.14

Improved spell checker (grammar and homonym checking)[r 55]
Desktop shortcuts for multiple users (profiles) on Windows[r 55]
Asynchronous DNS resolver on Mac and Linux[r 55]
Android version:[r 56]

Autofill and password sync
Performance and stability improvements

27.0.1453

2013-05-212013-05-22 (Android)2013-06-03 (iOS)

WebKit 537.36

3.17.6

Resource handling optimized for faster page loads[r 57]
Improved Omnibox predictions and spelling correction[r 57]
syncFileSystem API for Google Drive data synchronization[r 57]
Stop packaging Manifest version 1.0 extensions[r 58]
Android version:[r 59]

Fullscreen on phones (scrolling down the page makes the toolbar disappear)
Simpler searching (the query stays visible in the omnibox, making it easier to edit)
Client-side certificate support
Tab history on tablets
"A ton of stability and performance fixes"

28.0.1500

2013-06-17 (Linux)2013-07-09 (macOS and Windows)2013-07-10 (Android)2013-07-17 (iOS)

Blink 537.36WebKit 537.36 (on iOS)

3.18.5

Replaced layout engine with Blink, a fork of WebKit[r 60][r 61][r 62] on all platforms besides iOS
Faster page loads with the new Blink threaded HTML parser[r 63]
Rich Notifications and Notification Center (HTML-based notifications deprecated)[r 64]
Major improvements to the asm.js benchmark performances[r 63]
Support for the CSS :unresolved pseudoclass for Custom Elements[r 63]
Support for the CSS @supports conditional blocks to test for property:value pairs[r 63]
Android version:

Fullscreen API support (fullscreen browsing on tablets)[r 63]
Experimental WebGL, Web Audio, WebRTC support behind flags[r 63]
Built-in translation[r 65]
iOS version:

Improved interoperability with many other Google Apps[r 66]
Voice Search enhancements[r 66]
Fullscreen for iPad[r 66]
Data usage savings (rolling out over time)[r 66]
Access to browser history[r 66]

29.0.1547

2013-08-20 (Linux, macOS and Windows)2013-08-21 (Android)2013-09-12 (iOS)

Blink 537.36

3.19.18

Support for VP9 final
Support for TLS 1.2
Preliminary QUIC support[r 67]
Improved Omnibox suggestions based on the recency of visited sites
Ability to reset user profile back to its original state
New apps and extensions APIs (such as Native Messaging API for connecting Chrome with native applications installed on the same computer - an alternative to NPAPI[r 68])
Android version:

WebRTC support[r 69]
WebAudio support[r 69]
Improved scrolling responsiveness[r 70] and visual indication when scrolling to the top or bottom of a page[r 69]
Startup performance and stability improvements[r 70]
New color picker user interface for web forms[r 69]
Support for Google's experimental data compression service (comparable to Opera Turbo) that lets Google servers quickly read and optimize a Web page for mobile devices, then transmit it to the smartphone using Google's SPDY network technology.
Rudimentary tab groups implemented
iOS version:

Get back to Search Results faster
Data cost savings enhancements (rolled out incrementally)
Voice search pronoun support (e.g. queries like: “Who is the president of the United States?” followed by “Who is his wife?”)
Improvements to Single Sign On with other Google Apps[r 71]
Support for WebP image format[r 72]

30.0.1599

2013-09-18 (iOS)2013-10-01 (Linux, macOS and Windows)2013-10-02 (Android)

Blink 537.36

3.20.17

New image context menu item: "Search Google for this image"
New Chrome Apps APIs: webview.request, media gallery write support and downloads[r 73]
New platform features (both in desktop and mobile): support for the WebRTC Device Enumeration API, allowing users to change their microphones and/or camera on the fly without having to restart the WebRTC call; DevTools now supports CSS source maps; Chrome will now match the behavior of IE and not honor the Refresh header or tags when the URL to be refreshed to has a javascript: scheme;[r 73]
Android version:

New gesture: swipe horizontally across the top toolbar to quickly switch tabs
New gesture: drag vertically down from the toolbar to enter into the tab switcher view
New gesture: drag down from the menu to open the menu and select wanted item without having to lift finger
WebGL is enabled by default on high-end devices[r 73]
DeviceMotion (device acceleration and rotation rates) events[r 73]
Media Source Extension is enabled on Android 4.1+[r 73]
Two new experimental features behind a flag: Web Speech API (recognition) and the Vibration API[r 73]
iOS version:

New look and feature enhancements for iOS7
Improvements to Fullscreen behavior especially on iPad (iOS7 only)
New Settings UI
Maps and email links launch the Google Maps and Gmail apps (if installed) automatically. You can change your preference in Settings
Stability / security improvements and bug fixes[r 74]

31.0.1650

2013-11-12 (Linux, macOS and Windows)2013-11-14 (Android)2013-11-20 (iOS)

Blink 537.36

3.21.18

Payment requestAutocomplete() on Chrome for Android, Windows, Chrome OS
PNaCl on desktop versions of Chrome
New Chrome Apps APIs: With URL handlers for apps, Chrome App developers can now specify URLs to be handled by a Chrome App. For example, a document link on a website could open a document editor Chrome App. This gives users more seamless entry points into their favorite Chrome Apps.
Directory access for Apps allows Chrome Apps to access and write to user-approved folders. This feature can be used to share files between a Chrome App and a native app. For example, a Chrome App code editor could modify files managed by a native Git client.
SCTP for WebRTC Data Channel allows P2P data transfers between browsers to be either best effort, reliable, or semi reliable, opening up use cases such as gaming.
Alpha channel support for WebM video enables transparency masking (a.k.a. green screen effects) in WebM videos.
Speech recognition with the JavaScript Web Speech API is now supported on Chrome for Android.
window.devicePixelRatio now takes full-page zoom (but not pinch zoom) into account
Support for { alpha: false } in getContext('2d') lets you create an opaque canvas. This is similar to existing WebGL functionality and can improve the rendering performance of your app.
The Media Source API has been unprefixed and is now supported on Chrome for Android. It allows JavaScript to generate media streams for playback, addressing use cases like adaptive streaming and time shifting live streams.
2D canvas now supports the "ellipse" method.
Support for several Mutation Events has been removed. Consider using MutationObserver instead.[r 75]
iOS version:

Fast form completion with Autofill
Long press on an image to search for related images
Stability / security improvements and bug fixes[r 74]

32.0.1700

2014-01-14 (Linux, macOS and Windows)2014-01-15 (Android)2014-01-27 (iOS)

Blink 537.36

3.22.24

Tab indicators for sound, webcam and casting
A different look for Win8 Metro mode
Automatically blocking malware files
A number of new apps/extension APIs
Various under-the-hood changes for stability and performance
Android version:

Add web page shortcuts right to your home screen more easily from the menu
Reduce data usage in Chrome up to 50%. Visit Settings > Bandwidth management > Reduce data usage to enable.[r 76]
iOS version:

Translate
When you come across a page written in a language that you don’t understand, just look for the translation bar. One tap and the page is quickly translated for you.
Reduce Data Usage
Reduce your data usage by up to 50%. Enable this feature and view your savings: Settings > Bandwidth > Reduce Data Usage.
New Tab Page update to make searching faster and easier
This feature is being rolled out and will be available to all users over time, beginning on iPhone.

33.0.1750

2014-02-18 (iOS)2014-02-20 (Linux, macOS and Windows)2014-02-26 (Android)

Blink 537.36

3.23.17

Custom Elements[r 77]
Ogg Opus in MSE and <video>[r 77]
Page Visibility API[r 77]
VTTCue [r 77]
Web Speech API (synthesis)[r 77]
Font-kerning[r 77]
requestAutocomplete()[r 77]
Speech Synthesis[r 77]
Android version:

Download progress notification for file downloads using the Chrome network stack[r 78]
Updated help and feedback UI[r 78]
Support for <datalist> tag[r 78]
iOS version:

Stability and security updates[r 74]

34.0.1847

2014-04-02 (Android)2014-04-08 (Linux, macOS and Windows)2014-04-29 (iOS)

Blink 537.36

3.24.35

Responsive Images and Unprefixed Web Audio
Import supervised users onto new computers
A different look for Windows 8 Metro mode
A number of new apps/extension APIs
New scroll bar look
Ignores autocomplete="off" on password input fields
Android version:

Battery usage optimizations
iOS version:

Updated tour when you start Chrome for the first time
Support for autocomplete in the omnibox for right to left languages

35.0.1916

2014-05-20 (Android)2014-05-20 (Linux, macOS and Windows)2014-05-28 (iOS)

Blink 537.36

3.25.28

More developer control over touch input
New JavaScript features
Unprefixed Shadow DOM v0
A number of new apps/extension APIs
Opus updated to version v1.1
Android version:

Undo Tab Close
Fullscreen video with Subtitles and HTML5 controls
Support for some multi-window devices
iOS version:

Added right-to-left support to the omnibox for Arabic and Hebrew
See your search term in the omnibox, instead of the long search query URL
Easily refine your search queries and view more results on the search results page
Stability improvements and bug fixes[r 74]
Linux version:

Switched graphics interface backend from GTK+ to Aura

36.0.1985

2014-07-15 (iOS)2014-07-16 (Linux, macOS and Windows)2014-07-16 (Android)

Blink 537.36

3.26.31

Rich Notifications Improvements
An Updated Incognito / Guest NTP design
The addition of a Browser crash recovery bubble
Multiple stability and performance improvements[r 79]
Android version:

Improved text rendering on non-mobile optimized sites
Doodles return to the new tab page[r 80]
iOS version:

Allows mobile sites that have added Cast support to work with your Cast-enabled device
Stability improvements and bug fixes[r 81]
Linux version:

Chrome App Launcher[r 79]

37.0.2062

2014-08-26 (Linux, macOS and Windows)2014-09-03 (Android)2014-09-22 (iOS)[citation needed]

Blink 537.36

3.27.34

DirectWrite support on Windows for improved font rendering
A number of new apps/extension APIs
Multiple stability and performance improvements[r 82]
Removal of the showModalDialog API, breaking several enterprise web apps[r 83]
Android version:

Signing into Chrome signs you into your favorite Google sites
Updated look and feel with elements of Material Design
Multiple performance improvements and bug fixes[r 84]
Windows version:

64-bit Windows support[r 85]

38.0.2125

2014-10-07 (Linux, macOS and Windows)2014-10-07 (iOS)2014-10-08 (Android)

Blink 537.36

3.28.71

A number of new apps/extension APIs
Support for logging into sites using FIDO U2F Security Key (a USB or smartcard security token) as a factor in 2-factor authentication[r 86]
Under-the-hood changes for stability and performance[r 87]
Android version:

Support for Battery Status and Screen orientation APIs
Additional Material Design updates
Bug fixes and performance improvements[r 88]
iOS version:

Better support for iPhone 6 and 6+
Download and open files in Google Drive
Stability improvements and bug fixes
Security fix[r 89]

39.0.2171

2014-11-12 (Android)2014-11-18 (Linux, macOS and Windows)2014-11-24 (iOS)[citation needed]

Blink 537.36

3.29.88

Removes SSL/TLS protocol version fallback to SSLv3
64-bit support for Mac
A number of new apps/extension APIs
Under-the-hood changes for stability and performance[r 90]
Android version:

Number of bug fixes and performance improvements[r 91]
Experimental Reader Mode[r 92] can be enabled via chrome://flags[permanent dead link], is not available for tablets in this version

40.0.2214

2015-01-20 (iOS)2015-01-21 (Linux, macOS and Windows)2015-01-21 (Android)

Blink 537.36

3.30.33

Disabled SSLv3 support by default
The minimum SSL/TLS version can now be set through about:flags
Updated info dialog for Chrome app on Windows and Linux
A new clock behind/ahead error message[r 93]
Android version:

Updated page info and content settings UI
Number of bug fixes and performance improvements[r 94]
iOS version:

New look with Material Design bringing bold graphics, fluid motion, and tactile surfaces
iOS 8 optimizations and support for bigger phones
Support handoff from Chrome to your default browser on macOS
Stability improvements and bug fixes[r 95]

41.0.2272

2015-03-03 (Linux, macOS and Windows)2015-03-11 (Android)2015-03-16 (iOS)

Blink 537.36

4.1.0

A number of new apps/extension APIs
Lots of under the hood changes for stability and performance[r 96]
Aero interface is disabled in Windows Vista
Android version:

The ability to pull to reload at the top of most pages
A number of bug fixes and performance improvements[r 97]

42.0.2311

2015-04-14 (Linux, macOS and Windows)2015-04-15 (Android)2015-04-16 (iOS)

Blink 537.36

4.2.77

Support for NPAPI plugins disabled by default
A number of new apps, extension and Web Platform APIs (including the Push API)
Lots of under the hood changes for stability and performance[r 98]
Add Bookmark is now redesigned.
Android version:

Getting the latest updates from sites with notifications
Adding your favorite sites to your homescreen is now even easier
Bug fixes and speedy performance improvements[r 99]

43.0.2357

2015-05-19 (Linux, macOS and Windows)2015-05-27 (Android)2015-06-01 (iOS)

Blink 537.36

4.3.61

Numerous bug fixes and security fixes[r 100]
Android version:

Faster Checkout – Quickly and securely complete checkout forms with data from Google Wallet
Touch to Search – Learn more about words and phrases by touching them on your screen
Bug fixes and speedy performance improvements[r 101]
No longer supports Android 4.0 (Ice Cream Sandwich)[r 102][r 103]

44.0.2403

2015-07-21 (Linux, macOS and Windows)2015-07-22 (iOS)2015-07-29 (Android)

Blink 537.36

4.4.63

A number of new apps/extension APIs
Change in the loading page circle on Chrome tabs
Lots of under the hood changes for stability and performance[r 104]
Android version:

Fixed a boatload of bugs and performance issues.[r 105]
iOS version:

Swipe to navigate: swipe right or left to navigate backwards and forwards
Support for accessing Physical Web content from the Today view
Stability improvements and bug fixes[r 106]

45.0.2454

2015-09-01 (Linux, macOS and Windows)2015-09-01 (Android)2015-09-02 (iOS)

Blink 537.36

4.5.103

Support for NPAPI plugins permanently disabled
A number of fixes and improvements[r 107]
Android version:

A number of fixes for a whole bunch of performance/stability/other issues.[r 108]

46.0.2490

2015-10-13 (Linux, macOS and Windows)2015-10-14 (Android)2015-10-22 (iOS)

Blink 537.36

4.6.85

Change in taskbar logo design
A number of fixes and improvements.[r 109]
Android version:

Under the hood performance and stability tweaks.[r 110]

47.0.2526

2015-12-01 (iOS)2015-12-01 (Linux, macOS and Windows)2015-12-02 (Android)

Blink 537.36

4.7.80

Change in appearance on closing tabs with red x's
New PDF viewer design
Security fixes[r 111]
Android version:

"More than a barge load of performance and stability fixes".[r 112]
iOS version:

Added support for more keyboard shortcuts. Bluetooth keyboards can open, close or change tabs or conduct a voice search.
Support for 3D touch on iPhone 6s/+. Force touch the Chrome icon to quickly open a new tab, a new incognito* tab, or conduct a voice search.[citation needed]

48.0.2564

2016-01-20 (Linux, macOS and Windows)2016-01-27 (iOS)2016-01-27 (Android)

Blink 537.36

4.8.271

"Tab discarding" was enabled by default in chrome://flags[permanent dead link]
Window change in right-clicking an embedded web link
The key icon in "Save your password" turns black
"Clear browsing history" has been improved
A large number of fixes and improvements[r 113]
Android version:

Bug fixes and speedy performance improvements.
iOS version:

This version uses WKWebView, the latest rendering engine from Apple.
The crash rate was reduced by 70% and JavaScript execution is now faster.
Redesigned icons on the New Tab page: easier access to more of your frequently-visited sites.
Spotlight integration: Drag down or right from the Home screen and search for your Chrome bookmarks.[citation needed]

49.0.2623

2016-03-02 (Linux, macOS and Windows)2016-03-09 (iOS)2016-03-09 (Android)

Blink 537.36

4.9.385

Extension icons now appear near search tab.
Changes in bookmark bar appearances.
Change in Incognito mode window.
Change in scrollbar movement.
Changed Downloads page appearance/design.
A large number of fixes and improvements[r 114]
Removed Windows 8 Mode (Metro mode)
Last version available for Windows XP and Vista, as well as Mac OS X 10.6, 10.7, and 10.8.
Android version:

"More than a barge full of performance and stability fixes."[r 115]
iOS version:

Bookmarks has a new look: Easily find your favorites!
Bug and stability fixes.

50.0.2661

2016-04-13 (Linux, macOS and Windows)2016-04-20 (iOS)2016-04-26 (Android)

Blink 537.36

5.0.71

Auto-fill form letters are now highlighted in bold.
A number of fixes and improvements.[r 116]
No longer supports Windows XP and Vista.
Android version:

Bug fixes and speedy performance improvements.
iOS version:

Bug and stability fixes.

51.0.2704

2016-05-25(Linux, macOS and Windows)2016-06-01 (iOS)2016-06-01 (Android)

Blink 537.36

5.1.281

A number of fixes and improvements.[r 117]
Android version:

Brought tab switching back into Chrome (Android L+)[r 118]
Bug fixes and speedy performance improvements.
iOS version:

Bug and stability fixes.

52.0.2743

2016-07-20 (Linux, macOS and Windows)2016-07-27 (iOS)2016-07-27 (Android)

Blink 537.36

5.2.361

It is impossible to disable DirectWrite.
Bar on the bottom now shows darker text when hovering your mouse over the link.
"A number of fixes and improvements."[r 119]
Android version:

Bug fixes and speedy performance improvements[r 120]
iOS version:

Accelerated Mobile Pages ("AMP") – news and articles from many of your favorite publishers will now load instantly.
Lightning bolt and "AMP" next to articles in the "Top Stories" section of search results indicate faster web page loading.

53.0.2785

2016-08-31 (Linux, macOS and Windows)2016-09-07 (iOS)2016-09-07 (Android)

Blink 537.36

5.3.332

New browser's inside look, including a new bookmark
"A number of fixes and improvements."[r 121]
'Simplify page' option removed from 'Save as PDF'.
Shadow DOM v1[1]
Android version:

Bug fixes and speedy performance improvements[r 122]
Muted autoplay for video[r 123]
iOS version:

Chrome's History has a new look and it's now easier to review, find, and delete your browsing history.
Voice Search has been updated with a fresh look. Voice Search can now answer contextual questions such as "How tall is the Eiffel Tower?" followed by "When was it built?"

54.0.2840

2016-10-12 (Linux, macOS and Windows)2016-10-19 (iOS)2016-10-19 (Android)

Blink 537.36

5.4.500

"Other bookmarks" tab has changed appearance
The message "Right-click to play Adobe Flash Player" now appears while pages with Adobe Flash Player are loading.
"A number of fixes and improvements."[r 124]
Android version:

Bug fixes and speedy performance improvements
View article suggestions for you on the new tab page
Play media in the background for sites that support it
Update saved passwords when you change or reset your password[r 125]
iOS version:

No internet connection? Smile and tap the dinosaur
Fixed bookmark icons not displaying correctly
Fixed phone number detection issues in web pages
Stability improvements and bug fixes

55.0.2883

2016-12-01 (Linux, macOS and Windows)2016-12-05 (iOS)2016-12-06 (Android)

Blink 537.36

5.5.372

The History page has changed and is no longer in "Settings"
Flash Player is now off by default for most sites
"A number of fixes and improvements."[r 126]
It is not possible to disable top level Material Design[r 127]
iOS version:

You can swipe down or right from the iOS Home screen to search. Searching for "voice" or "incognito" enables you to start Chrome in Voice Search mode or in a new Incognito Tab, respectively. The appearance of items in Spotlight Search will only work for devices that support Spotlight Actions.
The folder named "All Bookmarks" has been removed from the Bookmarks view. You can access all your other devices’ Bookmarks by clicking on the other folders.
Android version:

Bug fixes and speedy performance improvements
Easily download music, videos, and even full web pages for viewing offline
View and share your downloads within Chrome
See misspelled words highlighted in text fields
Improvements to contextual search UI[r 128]

56.0.2924

2017-01-25 (Linux, macOS and Windows)2017-02-01 (iOS)2017-02-01 (Android)

Blink 537.36

5.6.326

HTML5 enabled by default
Adobe Flash Player is automatically blocked for most sites that require the plugin
Labeling of unsecured HTTP sites
"A number of fixes and improvements."[r 129]
iOS version:

Scan a QR code or barcode by using 3D Touch on the app logo or searching for "QR" in Spotlight.
We've redesigned the tab switcher layout on iPad to make it easier to access your open sites.
Android version:

Easily download music, videos, and even full web pages for viewing offline
View and share your downloads within Chrome
See misspelled words highlighted in text fields
Improvements to contextual search UI
Bug fixes and significant memory savings[r 130]

57.0.2987

2017-03-09 (Linux, macOS and Windows)2017-03-14 (iOS)2017-03-16 (Android)

Blink 537.36

5.7.492

CSS grid layout
Improved "Add to Home" screen
Media Session API
"A number of fixes and improvements."[r 131]
WebAssembly[r 132]
Background tab policy changes[2]
iOS version:

Chrome can add pages to your Reading List.
Find in Page now works correctly in iOS 10.3.
Android version:

Quickly use emails, addresses, and phone numbers in web pages by tapping on them
Easily access downloaded files and web pages from the new tab page
Long press article suggestions on the new tab page to download them
Bug fixes and performance improvements[r 133]

58.0.3029

2017-04-19 (Linux, macOS and Windows)2017-04-20 (Android)2017-04-25 (iOS)

Blink 537.36

5.8.283

"A number of fixes and improvements."[r 134]
IndexedDB 2.0
Workers and SharedWorkers in data-URLs.
Android version:

Useful actions like “Find in page” available in apps that open web pages using Chrome
More frequently updated article suggestions on the New Tab page
Use recently visited search engines as your default search engine
See Physical Web suggestions, based on your surroundings, in the address bar
Bug fixes and performance improvements[r 135]
iOS version:

Stability improvements and bug fixes.

59.0.3071

2017-06-05 (Linux, macOS and Windows)2017-06-06 (iOS)2017-06-06 (Android)

Blink 537.36

5.9.211

"A number of fixes and improvements."[r 136]
Revamped Settings and "About Google Chrome" page with Material Design
Headless mode in Linux and macOS.[r 137]
iOS version:

Fixed a user-reported issue that resulted in hangs and significant slowdowns when switching tabs.
Fixed a crash involving dialogs presented while switching tabs.
Stability improvements and bug fixes.
Android version:

View and manage in-progress downloads on the Downloads page
View and clear your browsing data more easily on the redesigned History page
Long-press a link to open it in a new Chrome tab (from Chrome Custom Tabs)
Bug fixes and performance improvements[r 138]

60.0.3112

2017-07-25 (Linux, macOS and Windows)2017-07-25 (iOS)2017-07-31 (Android)

Blink 537.36

6.0.286

MacBook Pro Touch Bar support.
"A number of fixes and improvements."[r 139]
iOS version:

"Request Mobile Site" button can switch from a website's desktop version back to its mobile version
Android version:

Load pages faster and use less memory with an updated JavaScript engine
Bug fixes and performance improvements
Clear browsing data more easily[r 140]

61.0.3163

2017-09-05 (Linux, macOS and Windows)2017-09-05 (iOS)2017-09-05 (Android)

Blink 537.36

6.1.534

Native support for JavaScript modules
"A number of fixes and improvements."[r 141]
iOS version:

Added a new button for scanning QR codes above the virtual keyboard
Android version:

Addition of Web Share API
Bug fixes and performance improvements
Translate pages with a more compact and intuitive toolbar
Pick images to post online with an improved image picker[r 142]

62.0.3202

2017-10-17 (Linux, macOS and Windows)2017-10-18 (iOS)2017-10-19 (Android)

Blink 537.36

6.2.414

The "Save Your Password" icon gets a new appearance
"A number of fixes and improvements."[r 143]
Support for OpenType variable fonts
Network Information API updated to report users actual Internet speed, not just connection type, to websites
HTTP sites that request user data will now be flagged as "non-secure" (red) in the Chrome Omnibox[r 144]
iOS version:

Two new Today widgets are added by tapping the Edit button at the bottom of the iOS Search screen
Ability to drag a URL from another app and drop it into Chrome's omnibox or the tab strip, or from Chrome's content area to another app on iOS 11 iPads
The Payment Request API has been introduced
Android version:

Download files faster with accelerated downloads
View and copy passwords saved with Chrome if device lock is enabled
Quickly see your data savings in the Chrome menu when Data Saver is on[r 145]

63.0.3239

2017-12-05 (iOS)2017-12-05 (Android)2017-12-06 (Linux, macOS and Windows)

Blink 537.36

6.3.292

Various fixes from internal audits, fuzzing and other initiatives
"A number of fixes and improvements."[r 146]
Browser allows you to import JavaScript modules dynamically
With async generator functions and the async iteration protocol, consumption or implementation of streaming data sources becomes streamlined
You can override the browser's default overflow scroll behavior with the CSS overscroll-behavior property[r 147]
iOS version:

Swipe up on the New Tab Page to explore suggested content from the web
The ability to reorder bookmarks is back!
Android version:

Chrome for Android will make permission requests modal dialogs
"Stability and performance improvements."[r 148]

64.0.3282

2018-01-23 (Android)2018-01-24 (iOS)2018-01-24 (Linux, macOS and Windows)

Blink 537.36

6.4.388

"A number of fixes and improvements."[r 149]
Support for ResizeObservers, will notify you when an element’s content rectangle has changed its size.
Modules can now access to host specific metadata with import.meta.
The pop-up blocker gets stronger.
window.alert() no longer changes tab focus.
Chrome now supports named captures in regular expressions.
The default preload value for <audio> and <video> elements is now metadata.
You can now use Request.prototype.cache to view the cache mode of a Request and determine whether a request is a reload request.
Using the Focus Management API, you can now focus an element without scrolling to it with the preventScroll attribute.[r 150]
Android version:

Prevents sites with abusive ad experiences from opening new windows or tabs without your permission.
"Stability and performance improvements."[r 151]
iOS version:

You can now disable Article Suggestions without also disabling omnibox suggestions by going to Chrome Settings
If you previously turned off "Search and Site Suggestions" to disable Article Suggestions and would like to turn back on your Search Suggestions in the omnibox, you can do that from Chrome Settings > Privacy
Support for iPhone X
Now requires iOS 10 or later

65.0.3325

2018-03-06 (Linux, macOS and Windows)2018-03-06 (iOS)2018-03-06 (Android)

Blink 537.36

6.5.254

"A number of fixes and improvements."[r 152]
New extension UI
The CSS Paint API allows you to programmatically generate an image
The Server Timing API allows web servers to provide performance timing information via HTTP headers
The new CSS display: contents property can make boxes disappear
Fixed a bug that affected some timestamps
The syntax for specifying HSL and HSLA, and RGB and RGBA coordinates for the color property now match the CSS Color 4 spec
There's a new feature policy that allows you to control synchronous XHRs through an HTTP header or the iframe allow attribute[r 153]
Last version available for OS X 10.9.
Android version:

Set language preferences for web content in Settings > Languages
Turn on the prompt for simplified view for all supported articles in Settings > Accessibility settings
Share and delete downloads more easily on the Downloads page[r 154]
Disable screen capture on incognite mode [3]
iOS version:

Fixed a bug that affected some streaming audio players
Stability and performance improvements

66.0.3359

2018-04-17 (Linux, macOS and Windows)2018-04-17 (iOS)2018-04-17 (Android)

Blink 537.36

6.6.346

"A number of fixes and improvements."[r 155]
CSS manipulation becomes easier with the new CSS Typed Model Object
Access to the clipboard is now asynchronous
There's a new rendering context for canvas elements
TextArea and Select now support the autocomplete attribute
Setting autocapitalize on a form element will apply to any child form fields, improving compatibility with Safari's implementation of autocapitalize
trimStart() and trimEnd() are now available as the standards-based way of trimming whitespace from strings[r 156]
Android version:

Find your saved passwords more easily – just tap the new Search icon in Settings > Passwords[r 157]
iOS version:

Export passwords saved in Chrome and use them in another app
Stability and performance improvements

67.0.3396

2018-05-29 (Linux, macOS and Windows)2018-05-29 (iOS)2018-05-31 (Android)

Blink 537.36

6.7.288

"A number of fixes and improvements."[r 158]
Progressive Web Apps are coming to the desktop
The generic sensor API makes it way easier to get access to device sensors like the accelerometer, gyroscope and more
BigInt's make dealing with big integers way easier.
Credential Management API provides a framework for creating, retrieving and storing credentials
The Web Authentication API adds a third credential type, PublicKeyCredential, which allows browsers to authenticate a user with a private/public key pair generated by an authenticator[r 159]
Android version:

"Stability and performance improvements."[r 160]
iOS version:

Improved handling of boarding passes, movie tickets, etc. in Wallet
Updated app selection UI when you tap on an email link
Improved support for external keyboards
Improved issue reporting: now you can draw on screenshots you are sending with feedback reports to obscure private data
A fix has been provided for autofill issue (June 13)

68.0.3440

2018-07-24 (iOS)2018-07-24 (Linux, macOS and Windows)2018-07-24 (Android)

Blink 537.36

6.8.275

"A number of fixes and improvements."
HTTP sites marked as "not secure".[r 161]
The Page Lifecycle API tells you when your tab has been suspended or restored.
The Payment Handler API makes it possible for web-based payment apps to support the Payment Request experience.
Content embedded in an iframe requires a user gesture to navigate the top-level browsing context to a different origin.
Since Chrome 1, the CSS cursor values for grab and grabbing have been prefixed; standard, un-prefixed values now supported.[r 162]
Android version:

Fix for an Autofill issue.[r 163]
The Add to Home Screen behavior on Android is changing to give you more control.
iOS version:

Improved downloading from websites. Downloading now works while the app is in the background. You can also continue browsing in the same tab while your file downloads.
Improvements to Forms Autofill.
Improved handling of links to the App Store.

69.0.3497

2018-08-02 (Linux, macOS and Windows)

Blink 537.36

6.9

Current Beta channel

70.0

2018-08-03 (Linux, macOS and Windows)

Blink 537.36

7.0

Current Dev channel

70.0

2018-07-21 (Windows, macOS and Android)

Blink 537.36

7.0

Current Canary channel

Major version

Release date

Layout engine[r 1]

V8 engine[r 2]

Significant changes

text: Notes[edit]

text:
Release date is the date of first release.  All channels have subsequent updates which are not shown. For release update history see Google Chrome Releases.
The first stable release in Windows, macOS and Linux was Google Chrome 5.0.375. The first stable release on Android was Chrome 18.0.1025123 (Chrome for Android).[r 164][r 165][r 166]
Old development and beta builds are not shown after they become stable releases.
As of Chrome 26, Linux installations of the browser may be updated only on systems that support GCC v4.6 and GTK v2.24 or later. Thus systems such as Ubuntu Lucid 10.04 LTS, Debian 6's 2.20, and RHEL 6's 2.18 are now among those marked as deprecated.[r 167]
As of Chrome 59, Linux Chrome defaults to GTK+3. Older versions of Linux, e.g. RHEL 6 or CentOS 6, with only GTK+2 support, are not able to run this version of Chrome. Red Hat's GTK+2 build of Firefox ESR is probably the last remaining regularly updated browser on RHEL 6/CentOS 6.[4]
Versions 6–32 had Google Chrome Frame counterparts, until its development was discontinued.[r 168][not in citation given]
As of version 50, macOS 10.6, 10.7, 10.8, Windows XP and Vista are no longer supported.
Standalone builds can be found on Google's Chromium Browser Continuous build server.

tag: ul


document_title: Crowne Plaza

question_text: who is the owner of crown plaza rosemont

text: Crowne Plaza

text: History[edit]

text: Originally branded as "Holiday Inn Crowne Plaza", the first United States Holiday Inn Crowne Plaza Hotel was opened in Rockville, Maryland, in 1983. Within a couple of years the brand was spun off as an independent chain (still owned at the time by Holiday Inn). The first Crowne Plaza Resort opened in Madeira, Portugal, in 1999.

text: Today, the brand represents 410 hotels globally in 52 countries with 112,317 rooms (as of March 2016) and an expanding 81 hotels in the pipeline. [1] In 1990, the InterContinental Hotels Group purchased the Holiday Inn family; today its portfolio includes the luxury brand InterContinental Hotels & Resorts, the upscale boutique brand Hotel Indigo, the upscale extended stay brand Staybridge Suites, the midscale extended stay brand Candlewood Suites, the midscale, full service brand Holiday Inn Hotels & Resorts, Holiday Inn Club Vacations, EVEN Hotels, HUALUXE Hotels & Resorts, and the midscale limited service brand Holiday Inn Express.

text: Notable properties[edit]

text:
The Crowne Plaza Liverpool John Lennon Airport is the former terminal building of Liverpool Speke Airport, constructed in the 1930s and used until 1986. Its notable art deco features led to its listing as a heritage building, and subsequent conversion to a hotel.
The Crowne Plaza Copenhagen Towers is the first hotel in Denmark to generate all of its power from renewable sources, including solar panels and geothermal heating and cooling pumps. Its stationary bicycles are connected to generators, which provide electricity to the hotel.
Crowne Plaza Belgrade, renovated 2012–13, is the biggest Crowne Plaza hotel in Europe.
Crowne Plaza Hong Kong Causeway Bay opened in 2009 and is the first Crowne Plaza in Hong Kong.[2]

text: Sponsorship[edit]

text: Crowne Plaza Hotels & Resorts is the title sponsor of the Crowne Plaza Invitational at Colonial - a PGA Tour golf tournament held annually in Fort Worth, Texas. Starting in 2012, they are also officially sponsoring PGA Tour's 2010's Rookie of the Year, Rickie Fowler.[3]

text: Crowne Plaza Hotels & Resorts have been the sponsor of the British FIA World Touring Car Championship driver Andy Priaulx, a multiple touring car champion, since 2006. They now continue to support him in the Deutsche Tourenwagen Masters (DTM), a popular European touring car championship, as an official sponsor of BMW Motorsport along with the American LeMans Series (ALMS) where Californian Joey Hand represents the brand for both series.[4]

text: Gallery[edit]

text:
Crowne Plaza Bangkok Lumpini Park, Bangkok, Thailand.

Hamilton Crowne Plaza, Washington, D.C.

Edmonton, Alberta, Canada

Shanghai, Jiading, China

Prague, Czech Republic

Nuevo Laredo, Mexico

Torreón, Mexico

İzmir, Turkey

Bratislava, Slovakia

Kansas City, Missouri, USA

New York City, New York, USA

Huizhou, China

Kochi, India

Crowne Plaza Belgrade, Serbia

Newton, Massachusetts, USA


document_title: The Green Mile (film)

question_text: who played the warden's wife in the green mile

question_tokens: who played the warden 's wife in the green mile

text: The Green Mile (film)

text: Plot[edit]

text: In a Louisiana assisted-living home in 1999, Paul Edgecomb begins to cry while watching the film Top Hat. His companion Elaine becomes concerned, and Paul explains to her that the film reminded him of the events of 1935, which took place when he was a prison officer, in charge of death row, what they refer to as the "Green Mile".

text: In 1935, Paul supervises officers Brutus Howell, Dean Stanton, Harry Terwilliger, and Percy Wetmore at Cold Mountain Penitentiary. Paul is suffering from a severe bladder infection and receives John Coffey, a physically imposing but mentally challenged black man, into his custody. John had been sentenced to death after being convicted of raping and murdering two white girls. One of the other inmates is a Native-American named Arlen Bitterbuck, who is charged with murder and is the first to be executed. Percy demonstrates a severe sadistic streak, but, as the nephew of Louisiana's First Lady, he is beyond reproach. He is particularly abusive with inmate Eduard Delacroix; he breaks Del's fingers with his baton, steps on a pet mouse named Mr. Jingles, which Del had adopted, repeatedly calls him by a gay slur, and ultimately sabotages his execution by failing to soak the sponge used to conduct electricity to Del's head; Del dies screaming in pain.

text: John begins to demonstrate supernatural powers; he cures Paul's bladder infection, resurrects Mr. Jingles, and heals Melinda Moores, wife of the prison's chief warden, of a brain tumor. This last affliction he releases into Percy, who under its influence shoots another prisoner, mass murderer William Wharton, dead. Wharton had from the moment of his arrival been a troublemaker; he assaulted the guards as he was being escorted into the block, made mischief on two occasions later which caused Paul to order him restrained in the block's padded cell, groped Percy, racially insulted John, and revealed psychically to John that he is, in fact, responsible for the crime for which John was condemned. John then reveals the story psychically to Paul, and, when doing so, he also releases his supernatural energy into Paul. Meanwhile, Percy is committed to the insane asylum.

text: Although distraught over the notion of being executed while innocent, John tells Paul that he does, in fact, wish to die, as he views the world as a cruel place. Mentioning that he had never seen a movie before, John watches Top Hat with the other guards as a last request. John is executed that night but refuses the customary hood, as he is afraid of the dark. Paul concludes his story by telling Elaine that John's was the last execution that he and Brutus supervised; following Coffey's execution, they both took jobs in the juvenile system.

text: Elaine realizes that, since he had a grown son in 1935, Paul must be much older than he looks. Paul reveals that he is, in fact, 108 years of age. Not only is he still alive, so is Del's mouse, Mr. Jingles. Paul then muses that if John's power could make a mouse live for as long as Mr. Jingles has, how much longer does he himself have left?

text: Cast[edit]

text:
Tom Hanks as Paul Edgecomb

Dabbs Greer as old Paul Edgecomb

David Morse as Brutus "Brutal" Howell
Bonnie Hunt as Jan Edgecomb
Michael Clarke Duncan as John Coffey
James Cromwell as Hal Moores
Michael Jeter as Eduard "Del" Delacroix
Doug Hutchison as Percy Wetmore
Sam Rockwell as William "Wild Bill" Wharton
Jeffrey DeMunn as Harry Terwilliger
Barry Pepper as Dean Stanton
Patricia Clarkson as Melinda Moores
Brent Briscoe as Bill Dodge
Harry Dean Stanton as Toot-Toot
Gary Sinise as Burt Hammersmith
Graham Greene as Arlen Bitterbuck
William Sadler as Klaus Detterick
Bill McKinney as Jack Van Hay
Jon Polito as "D" Block Prison Guard
Eve Brent as Elaine Connelly
Paula Malcomson as Marjorie Detterick

text: Production[edit]

text: Darabont adapted the novel into a screenplay in under eight weeks.[3]

text: The film was shot at Warner Hollywood Studios, West Hollywood, California, and on location in Shelbyville, Tennessee and Blowing Rock, North Carolina.[4]

text: Casting[edit]

text: Hanks and Darabont met at an Academy Award luncheon in 1994. Stephen King stated he envisioned Hanks in the role and was happy when Darabont mentioned his name.[3]

text: Morse had not heard about the script until he was offered the role. He stated he was in tears by the end of it.[3] Darabont wanted Cromwell from the start, and after he read the script, Cromwell was moved and agreed.[3]

text: Duncan credited his casting to Bruce Willis, with whom he had worked on the film Armageddon one year earlier. According to Duncan, Willis introduced him to Darabont after hearing of the open call for John Coffey.[5]

text: Soundtrack[edit]

text: The official film soundtrack, Music from the Motion Picture The Green Mile, was released on December 19, 1999 by Warner Bros. It contains 37 tracks, primarily instrumental tracks from the film score by Thomas Newman. It also contains four vocal tracks: "Cheek to Cheek" by Fred Astaire, "I Can't Give You Anything but Love, Baby" by Billie Holiday, "Did You Ever See a Dream Walking?" by Gene Austin, and "Charmaine" by Guy Lombardo and His Royal Canadians.

text: Reception[edit]

text: Critical response[edit]

text: Review aggregation website Rotten Tomatoes gives the film a score of 80%, based on 132 reviews. The critical consensus states "Though The Green Mile is long, critics say it's an absorbing, emotionally powerful experience."[6] The film also has a score of 61 out of 100 on Metacritic based on 36 critics indicating "generally favorable reviews'.[7]

text: Roger Ebert gave the film 3 and a half stars out of 4, writing "The film is a shade over three hours long. I appreciated the extra time, which allows us to feel the passage of prison months and years."[8] Forbes commentator Dawn Mendez referred to the character of John Coffey as a "'magic Negro' figure"—a term describing a stereotypical fictional black person depicted in a fictional work as a "saintly, nonthreatening" person whose purpose in life is to solve a problem for or otherwise further the happiness of a white person.[9]

text: Awards and honors[edit]

text: 1999 Academy Awards[10][11]

text:
Nominated – Best Performance by an Actor in a Supporting Role – Michael Clarke Duncan
Nominated – Best Picture – David Valdes, Frank Darabont
Nominated – Best Sound Mixing – Robert J. Litt, Elliot Tyson, Michael Herbick, Willie D. Burton
Nominated – Best Adapted Screenplay – Frank Darabont

text: 2000 Academy of Science Fiction, Fantasy & Horror Films

text:
Won – Best Supporting Actor – Michael Clarke Duncan
Won – Best Supporting Actress – Patricia Clarkson
Won – Best Action/Adventure/Thriller Film
Nominated – Best Director – Frank Darabont
Nominated – Best Music – Thomas Newman

text: 2000 Broadcast Music Incorporated Film & TV Awards

text: Won – Film Music Award – Thomas Newman

text: 2000 Black Reel Awards

text: Won – Theatrical – Best Supporting Actor – Michael Clarke Duncan

text: 2000 Blockbuster Entertainment Awards

text:
Won – Favorite Actor – Drama – Tom Hanks
Nominated – Favorite Supporting Actor – Drama – Michael Clarke Duncan
Nominated – Favorite Supporting Actress – Drama – Bonnie Hunt

text: 2000 Bram Stoker Awards

text: Nominated – Best Screenplay – Frank Darabont

text: 2000 Broadcast Film Critics Association Awards

text:
Won – Best Screenplay, Adaptation – Frank Darabont
Won – Best Supporting Actor – Michael Clarke Duncan
Nominated – Best Film

text: 2000 Chicago Film Critics Association Awards

text:
Nominated – Best Supporting Actor – Michael Clarke Duncan
Nominated – Most Promising Actor – Michael Clarke Duncan

text: 2000 Directors Guild of America

text: Nominated – Outstanding Directorial Achievement in Motion Pictures – Frank Darabont

text: 2000 Golden Globe Awards

text: Nominated – Best Supporting Actor – Motion Picture – Michael Clarke Duncan

text: 2000 NAACP Image Awards

text: Nominated – Outstanding Supporting Actor in a Motion Picture – Michael Clarke Duncan

text: 2000 MTV Movie Awards

text: Nominated – Best Breakthrough Male Performance – Michael Clarke Duncan

text: 2000 Motion Picture Sound Editors (Golden Reel Awards)

text:
Nominated – Best Sound Editing – Dialogue and ADR – Mark A. Mangini, Julia Evershade
Nominated – Best Sound Editing – Effects and Foley – Mark A. Mangini, Aaron Glascock, Howell Gibbens, David E. Stone, Solange S. Schwalbe

text: 2000 People's Choice Awards

text:
Won – Favorite All-Around Motion Picture
Won – Favorite Dramatic Motion Picture

text: 2001 Science Fiction and Fantasy Writers of America (Nebula Award)

text: Nominated – Best Script – Frank Darabont

text: 2000 Screen Actors Guild Awards

text:
Nominated – Outstanding Performance by a Cast
Nominated – Outstanding Performance by a Male Actor in a Supporting Role – Michael Clarke Duncan

text: Others[edit]

text: The film is recognized by American Film Institute in these lists:

text: 2006: AFI's 100 Years...100 Cheers – Nominated[12]


document_title: Heritage Day (South Africa)

question_text: when did heritage day become a public holiday

text: Heritage Day (South Africa)

text:
Heritage Day
Heritage Day is a day to remember and celebrate the various South African cultures and their heritage.Observed by
South AfricansDate
24 SeptemberFirst time
24 September 1995

text: Heritage Day is a South African public holiday celebrated on 24 September. On this day, South Africans are encouraged to celebrate their culture and the diversity of their beliefs and traditions, in the wider context of a nation that belongs to all its people.

text: History of Heritage Day before 1995[edit]

text:
In
KwaZulu-Natal, 24 September was known as Shaka Day, in commemoration of the Zulu King, Shaka, on the presumed date of his death in 1828.[1][2] Shaka was the Zulu King who played an important role in uniting disparate Zulu clans into a cohesive nation. Each year people gather at King Shaka's grave to honour him on this day. The Public Holidays Bill presented to the new democratic Parliament of South Africa in 1995 did not have 24 September included on the list of proposed public holidays. As a result of this exclusion, the Inkatha Freedom Party (IFP), a South African political party with a large Zulu membership, objected to the bill. Parliament and the IFP reached a compromise and the day was given its present title and seen as a public holiday.

text: ...when South Africans celebrate the diverse cultural heritage that makes up a "rainbow nation". It is the day to celebrate the contribution of all South Africans to the building of South Africa(sic)

text: Celebration of Heritage Day[edit]

text: South Africans celebrate Heritage Day by remembering the cultural heritage of the many cultures that make up the population of South Africa. Various events are staged throughout the country to commemorate this.[citation needed]

text: Former Western Cape Provincial Premier Ebrahim Rasool addressed the public at a Heritage Day celebration at the Gugulethu Heritage trail in 2007 in Gugulethu. In Hout Bay, there is an army procession and a recreation of the battle fought there.[citation needed]

text: In 2005, a media campaign sought to "re-brand" the holiday as National Braai Day,[4] in recognition of the South African culinary tradition of holding informal backyard barbecues, or braais.

text: On 5 September 2007, Archbishop Desmond Tutu celebrated his appointment as patron of South Africa's Braai (Barbecue) Day,[5] affirming it to be a unifying force in a divided country (by donning an apron and tucking into a boerewors sausage).[6] At the end of 2007 National Braai Day changed its name to Braai4Heritage and the initiative received the endorsement of South Africa's National Heritage Council (NHC).[citation needed]

text: Organiser Jan Scannell (known as "Jan Braai") announced that the aim is not to have a mass braai, but with little ones, friends and family. Some have commented that this is a ploy to make people forget the history and the original meaning of why the day was created.[7]


document_title: Queen of the South (TV series)

question_text: how many episodes are in queen of the south season two

text: Queen of the South (TV series)

text: Cast and characters[edit]

text: Main[edit]

text:
Alice Braga as Teresa Mendoza, a poor woman from Jalisco, Mexico who becomes a wealthy woman by building a drug empire
Veronica Falcon as Doña Camila Vargas, Don Epifanio's estranged wife and head of the American chapter of the Vargas Cartel in Dallas, Texas
Justina Machado as Brenda Parra,[7] Teresa's best friend, Chino's wife, and Tony's mother (Season 1)
Peter Gadiot as James Valdez,[8] Camila's right-hand man
Hemky Madera as Pote Galvez,[9] a lieutenant in the Vargas Cartel
Gerardo Taracena as Cesar "Batman" Guemes, Don Epifanio Vargas' right-hand man (Season 1-2)
Joaquim de Almeida as Don Epifanio Vargas, Camilla Vargas' husband, head of the Vargas Cartel (see: Sinaloa Cartel), and a candidate for the governor of the Mexican state of Sinaloa[10] (Seasons 1-2)
Jon-Michael Ecker as Raymundo "El Güero" Davila (Season 2, recurring season 1)
Nick Sagar as DEA agent Alonzo Loya
Yancey Arias as Alberto Cortez[11] (Season 3, recurring season 2)

text: Recurring[edit]

text:
Mark Consuelos as Teo Aljarafe (seasons 1–2), Camila's lawyer who is killed in season 2 by a DEA agent
James Martinez as Gato Fierros,[12] a lieutenant in the Vargas Cartel
Carlos Gomez as Javier Acosta[13]
Rafael Amaya as Aurelio Casillas[14]
Ximena Duque as Eva Buemeros[15] (season 2)
Michel Duval as Enrique "Kique" Jiménez[15] (season 2)

text: Upcoming cast[edit]

text:
Alfonso Herrera as Javier Gallegos[16]
Iván Sánchez as Santiago López Fisterra “El Gallego[17]

text: Critical reception[edit]

text: Queen of the South's first season received mixed to positive feedback from critics. On Rotten Tomatoes, it has a rating of 69%, based on 16 reviews. The site's consensus reads: "Queen of the South enlivens an overdone premise with action and narrative vigor—and shows hints of intriguing potential."[18] On Metacritic, the first season scored 59 out of 100, based on 15 critics, indicating "mixed or average reviews".[19]

text: Episodes[edit]

text: Series overview[edit]

text: Season 1 (2016)[edit]

text:
No.overallNo. inseasonTitleDirected byWritten byOriginal air dateProd.codeU.S. viewers(millions)11"Piloto"Charlotte SielingM.A. Fortin & Joshua John MillerJune 23, 2016 (2016-06-23)1011.39[21]
This episode's plot summary may be too long or excessively detailed. Please help improve it by removing unnecessary details and making it more concise. (June 2018) (Learn how and when to remove this template message)Güero –a drug dealer– and Teresa have been together for a year, but one day Teresa finds out that Güero is dead and that the next one will be Chino, and runs home to try to prevent it. She does not arrive on time, but at least manages to rescue Brenda and her son, and the three escape in a car. The killers chase and corner them, but Teresa crashes the car in her truck and drives away. Teresa goes in one direction and Brenda and her son, another. Teresa knows that her life is in danger, so she must find the notebook that Güero told her and take it to Don Epifanio, Güero's godfather and drug dealer who wants to be Governor of Sinaloa, and give it to him in exchange for his life. She finds him in an abandoned apartment, but soon the murderers find her, and one of them rapes her, but Teresa alludes and sees her future self, the Queen of the South, and tells her to do something. She takes a gun, shoots her attacker in the face and flees. Teresa meets Don Epifanio and gives him the notebook. He refuses to help her, but finally gives in to his pleas. They both get into a car driven by one of Epifanio's men and take the road to an unknown destination. Suddenly, they stop and go back to see the Queen of the South who tells her that "something has changed" in the plans of Don Epifanio; Teresa pulls out a gun and asks Don Epifanio to stop the vehicle. He tries to obtain Teresa's weapon, who shoots the driver in the back of his head. The car ends face down on the side of the road, and Teresa escapes, ignoring Epifanio, who is seriously injured and asks for her help. Teresa stops at a gas station to heal her wounds, but her pursuers find her and take her to see their boss, Don Epifanio's wife, Camila Vargas, who takes Teresa's hand and recognizes her. Then Teresa asks where she is and Camila tells her she is in Dallas, Texas.
22"Cuarenta Minutos"Matthew PennScott RosenbaumJune 30, 2016 (2016-06-30)1021.35[22]
33"Estrategia de Entrada"Scott PetersScott RosenbaumJuly 7, 2016 (2016-07-07)1031.26[23]
44"Lirio de los Valles"Zetna FuentesScott RosenbaumJuly 14, 2016 (2016-07-14)1041.26[24]
55"Un Alma. Un Mapa. Dos Futuros."T.J. ScottScott RosenbaumJuly 21, 2016 (2016-07-21)1051.22[25]
66"El Engaño Como la Regla"Dave RodriguezScott RosenbaumJuly 28, 2016 (2016-07-28)1061.22[26]
77"El Hombre Pájaro"David PlattBenjamin Daniel Lobato & David EhrmanAugust 4, 2016 (2016-08-04)1071.21[27]
88"Billete de Magia"David BoydGregg HurwitzAugust 11, 2016 (2016-08-11)1081.06[28]
99"Coge Todo lo Que Puede Llevar"Jamie PayneBenjamin Daniel Lobato & David EhrmanAugust 18, 2016 (2016-08-18)1091.05[29]
1010"Esta Cosa Que Es Nuestra"Scott PetersBenjamin Daniel Lobato & David EhrmanAugust 25, 2016 (2016-08-25)1101.20[30]
1111"Punto sin Retorno"Constantine MakrisKyle LiermanSeptember 1, 2016 (2016-09-01)1111.16[31]
1212"Quinientos Mil"David RodriguezBenjamin Daniel Lobato & David EhrmanSeptember 8, 2016 (2016-09-08)1121.12[32]
1313"Cicatriz"Matthew PennScott RosenbaumSeptember 15, 2016 (2016-09-15)1131.35[33]

text: Season 2 (2017)[edit]

text:
No.overallNo. inseasonTitleDirected byWritten byOriginal air dateProd.codeU.S. viewers(millions)141"El Cuerpo de Cristo"David BoydNatalie ChaidezJune 8, 2017 (2017-06-08)2011.25[34]
152"Dios y el Abogado"Nick GomezJason GanzelJune 15, 2017 (2017-06-15)2021.27[35]
163"Un Pacto Con el Diablo"Eduardo SanchezDailyn RodriguezJune 22, 2017 (2017-06-22)2031.08[36]
174"El Beso de Judas"Ami Canaan MannBenjamin Daniel LobatoJune 29, 2017 (2017-06-29)2040.90[37]
185"El Nacimiento de Bolivia"Nick CopusJoe LoyaJuly 6, 2017 (2017-07-06)2051.11[38]
196"El Camino de la Muerte"David BoydRyan O'NanJuly 13, 2017 (2017-07-13)2061.10[39]
207"El Precio de la Fe"Joe MenendezJorge A. ReyesJuly 20, 2017 (2017-07-20)2071.18[40]
218"Sacar Con Sifón el Mar"Bronwen HughesTina MabryJuly 27, 2017 (2017-07-27)2081.16[41]
229"Sólo el Amor de Una Madre"David RodriguezTina Mabry & Dailyn RodriguezAugust 3, 2017 (2017-08-03)2091.02[42]
2310"Que Manden los Payasos"Loni PeristereJason Ganzel & Jorge A. ReyesAugust 10, 2017 (2017-08-10)2101.18[43]
2411"La Noche Oscura del Alma"Tina MabryBenjamin Daniel LobatoAugust 17, 2017 (2017-08-17)2111.24[44]
2512"Todas las Horas Hieren"Eduardo SanchezRyan O'NanAugust 24, 2017 (2017-08-24)2121.24[45]
2613"La Última Hora Mata"David BoydNatalie Chaidez & Ryan O'NanAugust 31, 2017 (2017-08-31)2131.33[46]

text: Season 3 (2018)[edit]

text:
No.overallNo. inseasonTitle [20]Directed byWritten byOriginal air dateProd.codeU.S. viewers(millions)271"La Ermitaña"David BoydNatalie ChaidezJune 21, 2018 (2018-06-21)3011.24[47]
282"El Colgado"David BoydBenjamin Daniel LobatoJune 28, 2018 (2018-06-28)3021.02[48]
293"Reina de Oros"David GrossmanRyan O'NanJuly 5, 2018 (2018-07-05)3031.02[49]
304"La Fuerza"Darren GrantMark ValadezJuly 12, 2018 (2018-07-12)3041.22[50]
315"El Juicio"Eduardo SanchezJorge A. ReyesJuly 19, 2018 (2018-07-19)3051.12[51]
326"Los Enamorados"Rebecca RodriguezDailyn Rodriguez, Fernanda CoppelJuly 26, 2018 (2018-07-26)3061.09[52]
337"Reina de Espadas"Meera MenonTony PuryearAugust 2, 2018 (2018-08-02)3071.09[53]
348"El Carro"Ben Hernadez BrayBenjamin Daniel LobatoAugust 9, 2018 (2018-08-09)3081.05[54]
359"El Diablo"TBATBAAugust 16, 2018 (2018-08-16)3091.19[55]
3610"La Muerte"TBATBAAugust 23, 2018 (2018-08-23)3101.14[56]
3711"Diez de Copas"TBATBAAugust 30, 2018 (2018-08-30)311TBD

text: Broadcast[edit]

text: Internationally, the series premiered in Australia on Showcase on August 4, 2016.[57] German TV channel DMAX is showing the series since June 14, 2017.[58]

text: Awards and nominations[edit]

text:
Year

Award

Category

Nominee

Result

Ref.

2017

Imagen Awards

Best Supporting Actor - Television

Peter Gadiot

Won

Best Primetime Television Series - Drama

Queen of the South

Nominated

Best Actress - Television

Alice Braga

Nominated

Best Actor - Television

Joaquim de Almeida

Nominated

Best Supporting Actress - Television

Veronica Falcon

Nominated

2018

WIN Awards

Film or Show Written By a Woman

Natalie Chaidez

Won

Drama Series

Queen Of the South

Nominated


document_title: Major League Baseball transactions

question_text: how long is a player on waivers in mlb

question_tokens: how long is a player on waivers in mlb

text: Major League Baseball transactions

text: 25-man, 40-man, and postseason rosters[edit]

text: Each Major League Baseball team maintains both a 25-man roster and a 40-man roster of players. Players on the 25-man roster are eligible to play in official major league games throughout the season. The 40-man roster includes the players on the 25-man roster plus as many as 15 players who are either on the team's seven- or 10-day disabled list, who are on paternity leave for up to three days, or who are in the franchise's farm teams in Minor League Baseball. From September 1 through the end of the regular season, any player on the 40-man roster (also referred to as the "expanded roster") is eligible to play in an official regular season game. Many young players make their Major League debuts in this way, as "September call-ups."

text: To be eligible for a team's postseason roster, a player must be on any of the following: (a) the 40-man roster, (b) the 60-day disabled list, or (c) the bereavement list as of August 31 at midnight ET.[1] The only exception is that a player who is on the disabled list at the end of the regular season may be replaced on the postseason roster by any other player who was in the organization on August 31, with the approval of the Commissioner.[2] All players on the team's roster during the season will be eligible to receive a World Series ring after the team wins the World Series.

text: Trades[edit]

text: Teams may trade only players currently under contract. From the end of the previous World Series through July, trades between two or more major league teams may freely occur at any time. In August, trades may only be made after all players in the trade clear waivers or are not on 40-man rosters. Players acquired after August 31 are ineligible for the postseason roster unless they replace an injured player. Unlike in the NFL, NHL, MLS, and the NBA, teams may not trade draft choices (with the exception of competitive balance draft selections, which can be traded as explained below), but may purchase the rights to Rule 5 Draft Picks.[3]

text: Beginning with the 2012 season, MLB allows one specific class of draft picks to be traded. As part of a newly signed collective bargaining agreement between MLB and its players' union, each team is allocated a "bonus pool"—a set amount of money it can use to sign its draft picks for that year. Teams that go over their threshold can be penalized by losing one or more future draft picks. Those forfeited draft picks will eventually end up in the possession of small-revenue teams, which can then trade them if they wish. The first picks awarded under this scheme were for the 2013 draft.[4]

text: The August 31 rule was waived in 1945 for servicemen returning from World War II. Over the years, there have been several notable cases where a player acquired after the August 31 deadline made a significant contribution to a playoff-contending team but was ineligible for the postseason; for example, Pedro Ramos with the 1964 New York Yankees and Sparky Lyle with the 1980 Philadelphia Phillies.

text: If a player has been on an active major league roster for ten full seasons and on one team for the last five, he may not be traded to another team without his consent (known as the 10 & 5 rule). Additionally, some players negotiate to have no-trade clauses in their contracts that have the same effect.

text: In some trades, one of the components is a "player to be named later" which usually turns out to be a minor league player. The unnamed player is included as part of a trade when the teams cannot immediately agree on a specific player or when the player is not yet eligible to be traded. In these cases, the player in question must be named within six months. Cash or some other consideration may be exchanged in lieu of the player to be named later. For example, during the 1994 Major League Baseball strike, the Minnesota Twins traded Dave Winfield to the Cleveland Indians at the trade deadline. Among the conditions of the trade were that if the Indians played no more games in 1994, "Indians general manager John Hart must write a check for $100 made out to the Minnesota Twins and take Twins general manager Andy MacPhail out to dinner."[5]

text: Waivers[edit]

text: Any player under contract may be placed on waivers ("waived") at any time. After MLB's July 31st at 4 pm trade deadline and through to the end of the season, a team must place a player on waivers if that player is to be traded.

text: If a player is waived, any team may claim him. If more than one team claims the player from waivers, the team with the weakest record in the player's league gets preference. If no team in the player's league claims him, the claiming team with the weakest record in the other league gets preference. In the first month of the season, preference is determined using the previous year's standings.

text: If a team claims a player off waivers and has a viable claim as described above, his current team (the "waiving team") may choose one of the following options:

text:
arrange a trade with the claiming team for that player within two business days of the claim; or
rescind the request and keep the player on its major league roster, effectively canceling the waiver; or
do nothing and allow the claiming team to assume the player's existing contract, pay the waiving team a waiver fee, and place the player on its active major league roster.

text: If a player is claimed and the waiving team exercises its rescission option, the waiving team may not use the option again for that player in that season—a subsequent waiver would be irrevocable with a claiming team getting the player essentially for nothing.[6] If no team claims a player off waivers after three business days, the player has cleared waivers and may be assigned to a minor league team, traded (to any team), or released outright.

text: The waiver "wire" is a secret within the personnel of the Major League Baseball clubs; no official announcement of a waiver is made until a transaction actually occurs, although information sometimes leaks out.[6][7] Players are often waived during the post-July "waiver-required" trading period for teams to gauge trade interest in a particular player.[6] Usually, when the player is claimed, the waiving team will rescind the waiver to avoid losing the player unless a trade can be worked out with the claiming team.

text: The National League (NL) was the first of the two major leagues to adopt the trade deadline rule in 1917. Originally it was enforced after June 15, but was later changed as the result of a new collective bargaining agreement.[8] For many years, players could not be traded from one league to another without being waived by all of the teams in the trading team's league. Then an inter-league trading period was established, centered on the winter baseball meetings in December. Later, there were two "inter-league" trading periods each year, one from after the World Series until mid-December and the second from a week before spring training began until March 15. So intent were leagues on keeping their stars from being moved from one league to the other, that then–National League President Warren Giles threatened to keep NL clubs from trading major stars to the American League after the deal that sent Frank Robinson from Cincinnati to Baltimore.[9]

text: Assignment to a minor league team[edit]

text: Options[edit]

text: Options are directed by MLB Rule 11 (C).[10] A player has a finite number of option years in which he may be moved between the major and minor leagues an unlimited number of times. If a player is on the 40-man roster but not on the active major league roster, he is said to be on optional assignment—his organization may freely move him between the major league club and the minor league club. The rules for this are as follows. (In all cases, an assignment of a player on a major-league disabled list to the minors while on a rehabilitation assignment does not count as time spent in the minors.) A common misconception, based on the phrase, "out of options," is that a player may only be moved between the major and minor leagues a restricted number of times.

text:
Once a player has been placed on a team's 40-man roster, a team has 3 option years on that player.

A player is considered to have used one of those three option years when he spends at least 20 days in the minors in any of those 3 seasons.

A team may have a fourth option year on a player with less than five full seasons of professional experience, provided that both conditions below are met.

A player has not spent at least 90 days on an active professional roster in a season. Minor leagues that play below Class A Advanced have seasons that are shorter than 90 days, and as such, any player who spends a full season in a rookie or Class A (short-season) league will receive a fourth option year.
A player has not spent at least 60 days on an active professional roster AND then at least 30 days on a disabled list in a season. Only after 60 days have been spent on an active professional roster does time spent on the disabled list count towards the 90-day threshold. As with the prior example, this cannot occur with players who spend a full season in a rookie or Class A (short season) league.

text: Once all of the options have been used up on a player, a player is considered "out of options" and a player must be placed on and clear waivers prior to being sent down to the minor leagues (there is also the "veterans' consent" rule).

text: The option system was designed to prevent players from being buried in the minor leagues forever, by forcing teams to make a decision within a limited number of years on whether or not they can use a player in the Major Leagues. [11] Once placed on the protected 40-man roster the player knows his team will have to bring him up to the majors, or expose him to being claimed on waivers so that another team can bring him to the majors, all within three years. Options do not "reset" if a player is traded - he still has only the original three option years that began when he was first placed on a team's 40-man roster.

text: Designated for assignment[edit]

text: A player who is designated for assignment (DFA) is immediately removed from the 40-man roster. This gives the team time to decide what to do with the player while freeing up a roster spot for another transaction, if needed. Once a player is designated for assignment, the team has ten days to do one of the following: the player can be traded, the player can be released, or the player can be put on waivers and, provided he clears, outrighted to the minors. A player who is outrighted to the minors is removed from the 40-man roster but is still paid according to the terms of his guaranteed contract. A player can only be outrighted once in his career without his consent.

text: Veterans' consent[edit]

text: If a player has 5 years of major-league service, he may not be assigned to a minor-league team without his consent. This exclusion applies regardless of whether he has not yet been outrighted once, has remaining options, or has cleared waivers. If the player withholds consent, the team must either release him or keep him on the major league roster. In either case, the player must continue to be paid under the terms of his contract. If he is released and signs with a new team, his previous team must pay the difference in salary between the two contracts if the previous contract called for a greater salary.

text: Disabled list[edit]

text: If a major league player cannot play because of a medical condition, he may be placed on the 10-day disabled list (DL) (15 days prior to the 2017 season[12]). This removes the player from the 25-man roster, freeing up a space, but the player is ineligible to play for at least 10 consecutive days. Players on the 10-day disabled list are still a part of the 40-man roster. An injured player may also be placed on the 60-day disabled list to remove the player from the 40-man roster as well, with the condition of being ineligible to play for at least 60 consecutive days.

text: Players placed on the 10-day disabled list may be moved to the 60-day list at any time, but not vice versa. Players may be placed on either disabled list retroactively for a maximum of 5 inactive days and may remain on either list for as long as required to recover. During this 5-day period, a player's status is said to be day-to-day, indicating that the team is in the process of deciding whether the player must be placed on either DL or is healthy enough to return to active service. Injured players may not be traded without permission of the Commissioner nor may they be optioned to the minors, though they may be assigned to a minor league club for rehabilitation for a limited amount of time (30 days for pitchers, 20 for non-pitchers).

text: In 2011, a 7-day disabled list was added specifically for players who have suffered a concussion. This was instituted to allow players who may recover from their concussions quickly to be removed from the active roster and replaced for a shorter period of time than the standard DL term. A player who is still suffering from concussion symptoms at the 7-day mark is automatically transferred to the 10-day DL. Both the brain injury and the player's recovery need to be verified by team and league doctors; the list is not intended for non-concussion injuries.[13]

text: Personal leave[edit]

text: Bereavement list[edit]

text: The bereavement list may be used when a player finds it necessary to leave the team to attend to a serious illness or death in his (or his spouse's) immediate family. A player placed on the bereavement list must miss a minimum of three games and a maximum of seven games. The team can use another player from its 40-man roster to replace a player on the bereavement list.

text: Paternity leave list[edit]

text: The paternity leave list may be used when a player finds it necessary to leave the team to attend the birth of his child. A player placed on the paternity leave list must miss the next team game, but no more than three games. The team can use another player from its 40-man roster to replace a player on the paternity leave list. This list was adopted beginning with the 2011 season.[14]

text: Rule 5 draft[edit]

text: If a player not on a 40-man roster has spent four years with a minor-league contract, originally signed when 19 or older or five years when signed before the age of 19, he is eligible to be chosen by any team in the rule 5 draft during the offseason. No team is required to choose a player in the draft, but many do. If chosen, the player must be kept on the selecting team's 25-man major league roster for the entire season after the draft—he may not be optioned or designated to the minors. The selecting team may, at any time, waive the rule 5 draftee, such as when they no longer wish to keep him on their major league roster. If a rule 5 draftee clears waivers, he must be offered back to the original team, effectively canceling the rule 5 draft choice. Once a rule 5 draftee spends an entire season on his new team's 25-man roster, his status reverts to normal and he may be optioned or designated for assignment. To prevent the abuse of the rule 5 draft, the rule also states that the draftee must be active for at least 90 days. This keeps teams from drafting players, then "hiding" them on the disabled list for the majority of the season. For example, if a rule 5 draftee was only active for 67 days in his first season with his new club, he must be active for an additional 23 days in his second season to satisfy the rule 5 requirements.

text: Any player chosen in the rule 5 draft may be traded to any team while under the rule 5 restrictions, but the restrictions transfer to the new team. If the new team does not want to keep the player on their 25-man roster for the season, he must be offered back to the team he was on when he was chosen in the draft.

text: The intent of the rule 5 draft is to prevent teams from holding major league-potential players in the minor leagues when other teams would be willing to have them play in the majors. However, this draft has also become an opportunity for a team to take a top prospect from another team who might not be ready for the major leagues. For example, Cy Young award winner Johan Santana was chosen by the Florida Marlins four years before winning the award, when the Houston Astros declined to put him on their 40-man roster. The Marlins chose Santana in the 1999 rule 5 draft, and traded him to the Minnesota Twins who kept him on their roster for the 2000 season, in which he toiled to a 6.49 earned run average at only 21 years of age. Two years later, he legitimized himself as a Major League pitcher, with an ERA under 3.00, and two years after that, he was recognized as one of the best pitchers in the league. Had he not been chosen in the rule 5 draft, he likely would not have made his major-league debut until the 2001 or the 2002 season with the Astros.

text: Roberto Clemente is the only Rule 5 draft pick to be inducted into Cooperstown, having been selected by the Pittsburgh Pirates from the then Brooklyn Dodgers in 1955.

text: Free agency and salary arbitration[edit]

text: A free agent is a player whose contract with a team has expired and who is thus eligible to sign with another team.

text: If a player is drafted and is offered a contract by his drafting team (or any team to which he is traded) each year, he may not become a free agent until:

text:
His contract has expired with at least six years of service time on a major league 25-man roster or disabled list, OR
His contract has expired with less than six years of service time, but the player first signed with a Major League Baseball team as a 10-year free agent from the Japanese major leagues (NPB), OR
His contract has expired with less than six years of service time, but is not tendered a contract or salary arbitration offer (if eligible) by the tender deadline (usually at the end of November). Such players become non-tender free agents.

tag: ol

text: Two examples of players falling under (2) above are Hideki Okajima and Hiroki Kuroda.

text: A player with fewer than six years of service time is eligible for salary arbitration if he:

text:
is without a contract for the next season, AND
has been tendered a contract offer by his current team by the tender deadline, AND
cannot agree with his current team on a new contract, AND
meets one of the conditions below:

has been on a major league roster or disabled list for at least three years, OR
has at least two years of major league service but less than three, AND is among the top 22 percent for cumulative playing time in the majors in this class of players (and ties), AND was on an active major-league roster for at least 86 days in the previous season.

text: Players with more than six years of service time and who are eligible for free agency can also be offered arbitration when their contracts are up, if they have been tendered a contract offer by their current team by the tender deadline, and have not agreed on a contract.[15][16]

text: The 4.2 example of arbitration eligibility above is called the "Super Two" exception, in which a player will have an extra year of arbitration eligibility.[17][18] Notable recent "Super Two" players include Nolan Arenado, Chris Archer, Anthony Rendon, and Avisail Garcia.[19] Following the salary arbitration process, the player and the team both submit a salary offer for a new contract. The arbitrator chooses one number or the other, based on which offer is closest to the salaries of players with similar ability and service time.

text: For purposes of salary arbitration and free agency, a player acquires a year of service time if the player remains on the major league roster for at least 172 days of the 182-day season.

text: Players eligible for neither free agency nor salary arbitration are very seldom offered contracts for much more than the league minimum salary, as the player has no recourse to try to obtain a better salary elsewhere. For this reason, in the first three major league years of their careers (except for the "Super Two" exception above), it is standard practice for players to accept comparatively low salaries even when their performance is stellar. Occasionally, a team may wish to sign a player in his second or third year to a long-term contract, and the resulting negotiations can involve salaries significantly higher than minimum. A recent example is the contract Ryan Braun signed barely a year into his major league career, which would have taken him through 2015.[20] However, in April 2011, he and the Milwaukee Brewers extended that contract through 2020.[21]

text: A team does not have to offer a contract to a player not eligible for free agency if his contract has expired, regardless of service time. If the player is not tendered a contract offer by the tender deadline (usually in the second week of December), the player becomes a non-tender free agent.


document_title: I Know Why (And So Do You)

question_text: who wrote i know why and so do you

question_tokens: who wrote i know why and so do you

text: I Know Why (And So Do You)

text: Background[edit]

text: The song was written by Mack Gordon, lyrics, and Harry Warren, music. The song is lip-synched by Lynn Bari in the movie Sun Valley Serenade. Pat Friday sang the vocals with John Payne and The Modernaires. The single, RCA Bluebird B-11230-A, reached no. 18 on the Billboard pop singles chart in a one-week chart run.[1] The single release featured vocals by Paula Kelly and The Four Modernaires. The B side of the single was "Chattanooga Choo Choo", which de facto, was treated as the A side.

text: The Manhattan Transfer, Mel Torme, Richard Himber And His Orchestra with Johnny Johnston and the Joseph Lilley Ensemble on vocals, Ray Anthony, Anne Shelton with Ambrose & his Orchestra, June Christy, Frankie Sardo on 20th Fox Records, Lionel Hampton, Jean Peters, Joan Regan, Michael Feinstein and George Shearing, Babik Reinhardt, Dick Smothers, the Red Garland Trio, Orchestra Coco, the Michael Rose Orchestra, Teddy Petersen, Falconaires, US Air Force Band of the Rockies, Max Greger, Syd Lawrence, the Dino Olivieri Orchestra with refrain by Bruno Pallesi, David Pell, Diana Panton with Red Schwager on the album Red, and Robert Clary have also recorded the song.

text: The 1941 Glenn Miller recording was featured in the 1990 Warner Bros. movie Memphis Belle and the 2017 film The Shape of Water which was nominated for 13 Academy Awards.

text: Personnel[edit]

text: The personnel on the 1941 recording by Glenn Miller and his Orchestra released as a 78 single were: Paula Kelly, The Modernaires (vo), Billy May, John Best, Ray Anthony, R.D. McMickle (tp), Glenn Miller, Jim Priddy, Paul Tanner, Frank D'Annolfo (tb), Hal McIntyre, Wilbur Schwartz (cl, as), Tex Beneke, Al Klink (ts), Ernie Caceres (bar), J.C. McGregor (p), Jack Lathrop (g), Trigger Alpert (sb), and Maurice Purtill (dm).

text: Album Appearances[edit]

text: The song appears on the following albums:

text:
Remember Glenn Miller, 20th Century, 1973
The Complete Glenn Miller, Vol. 6 (1940-1941), RCA Bluebird
Glenn Miller: The Popular Recordings (1938-1942), RCA Bluebird, 1989
The Ultimate Glenn Miller, RCA Bluebird, 1993
The Essential Glenn Miller, RCA Bluebird, 1995


document_title: Michele Carey

question_text: who played joey macdonald in the movie el dorado

text: Michele Carey

text:
Michele Carey

Carey in trailer for "El Dorado" (1966)

Born
(1943-02-26) February 26, 1943 (age 75)
Annapolis, Maryland, US

Occupation
Actress

Years active
1966–1987

Spouse(s)
Fred G. Strebel (1999–2011) (his death)

text: Michele Carey (born February 26, 1943) is an American actress. Perhaps best known for her role as Josephine "Joey" MacDonald in the 1966 film El Dorado, she appeared in movies in the 1960s and 1970s, and guest-starred in episodes of several television series.

text: Life and career[edit]

text: Carey was born on February 26, 1943, in Annapolis, Maryland, where her father was working as a wrestling instructor at the U.S. Naval Academy. Her family soon moved to Rochester, Minnesota, so that her father could continue his medical studies. At an early age Michele proved to be a piano prodigy; she won a national contest at the Chicago Music Festival at age 13, and performed with the Rochester Symphony Orchestra.[1][2]

text: Carey's family eventually moved to Fort Collins, Colorado, where her father practiced as a physician. While attending Fort Collins High School she was briefly married and had a son. After graduating she was signed by the Powers agency, and moved to Los Angeles in 1964 with her son to pursue a modeling career.[1][2]

text: Carey enjoyed success as a model, but was more interested in acting. Aided by her beauty and trademark long, wild hair, she soon caught the eye of Hollywood producers.[2] In 1964 she made her first television appearances.[3]

text: The following year she did more television work, had a small part in the kitsch classic How to Stuff a Wild Bikini (1965), and acted in her first major film, the 1966 Howard Hawks-produced and directed Western El Dorado, with a memorable role as high-spirited troublemaker Josephine "Joey" MacDonald.[3][4]

text: Carey went on to co-star in films such as Live a Little, Love a Little (1968), The Sweet Ride (1968), and Dirty Dingus Magee (1970), in which she played an anachronistically miniskirted Indian girl.

text: On television she appeared in guest-starring roles on episodes of The Man from U.N.C.L.E. (1966), Mission Impossible (1969), It Takes a Thief (1970), and three episodes of The Wild Wild West ("The Night of the Feathered Fury", 1967 and the two-part "The Night of the Winged Terror" 1969), the December 1969 episode "Tug-of-War" on The F.B.I., Starsky and Hutch and Alias Smith and Jones. Carey played the title role in the 1972 Gunsmoke episode "Tara", appeared in the second The Six Million Dollar Man pilot film (1973) and provided the recurring female computer voice in A Man Called Sloane (1979–80).[3]

text: Fading from view in the late 1970s, Carey staged a brief comeback in the mid-'80s in such films as In the Shadow of Kilimanjaro (1986). She also appeared as Crystal in a 1982 episode of the television series The Fall Guy.[3]

text: Carey married businessman Fred G. Strebel in 1999, and resided with him in Hillsborough and Rancho Mirage. Strebel died on December 28, 2011.[5]


document_title: Eternity ring

question_text: when does a husband buy an eternity ring

text: Eternity ring

text: An eternity ring, also known as an infinity ring, is a lady's ring, worn on the hand, comprising a band of precious metal (usually gold) set with a continuous line of identically cut gemstones (usually diamonds)[1] to symbolize never-ending love, usually given by a husband to his wife on the occasion of a significant anniversary, typically after 10 years of marriage date[citation needed] Because the presence of stones all the way round the eternity ring can make it cumbersome to wear, the alternative is to have the stones across the face of the ring only. This is sometimes referred to as a "half-eternity" ring rather than a "full" eternity ring.

text: Eternity rings featuring paste gems, white topaz or a mix of stones appeared in the 18th century.[2]

text: History[edit]

text: The concept of the diamond eternity ring was created in the 1960s by diamond merchant De Beers.[3][4] American investigative journalist Edward Jay Epstein stated that at the time the company had a secret agreement with the Soviet Union which, in return for the creation of a "single channel" controlling the world's supply of diamonds, 'required' the purchase of 90-95% of the uncut gem diamonds produced by Russia.[4] The prevailing fashion at the time, particularly for engagement rings, was for them to be set with a single, large diamond. The Soviet gems, however, were small, often less than 0.25 Carats.[3] To avoid stockpiling, De Beers embarked on a campaign of promotion of jewelry containing a number of small diamonds culminating in the eternity ring, which was aimed at older, married women.[3] One campaign slogan, aimed at husbands, was "She married you for richer or poorer. Let her know how it’s going."[5] The idea proved popular with the public, and sales continue to be significant.


document_title: Trip the light fantastic (phrase)

question_text: what does it mean to trip the light fandango

text: Trip the light fantastic (phrase)

text: To "trip the light fantastic" is to dance nimbly or lightly, or to move in a pattern to musical accompaniment.[1] It is often used in a humorous vein.[2][3] As early as 1908 it was viewed as a cliché or hackneyed phrase.[4] Grammatically, it is an example of a constructionally idiosyncratic idiom,[5] in that it is impossible to construct a meaningful literal-scene from the formal structure.[6] As such it should be viewed as a catena.

text: History[edit]

text: This phrase evolved through a series of usages and references. The phrase is typically attributed to Milton's 1645 poem L'Allegro,[2][7][8] which includes the lines

text:
Com, and trip it as ye go,
On the light fantastick toe.

text: The imagery of tripping on toes also appears in Shakespeare's The Tempest: "Before you can say come, and goe, / And breathe twice; and cry, so, so: / Each one tripping on his Toe, / Will be here with mop, and mowe."

text: This expression was popularized in the American song "Sidewalks of New York" (melody and text by Charles B. Lawlor and James W. Blake) in 1894.[8] Part of the chorus: "Boys and girls together, me and Mamie O'Rourke / Tripped the light fantastic / On the sidewalks of New York." Those lyrics were probably inspired by "The Ballet Girl", a song popularized by Tony Pastor at his Bowery "Opera House" in the mid-19th century that had as the chorus: "While she danced on her light fantastic toe, / Round the stage she used to go; / Had it not been for a man named Joe, / She might have belonged to me."[9]

text: The idiom "to trip the light fandango" was already in usage in the US as a phrase for carefree dancing in a Spanish or Latin American fandango style by the time of World War II (see, for example, its usage in the recording "South America", Vitaphone Release 1460A, 1945).

text: Chester Himes uses a variation on the phrase: "Colored boys and girls in ski ensembles and ballet skirts were skating the light fantastic at two o'clock ... "[10]

text: In 1967, English rock band Procol Harum released its hit song, "A Whiter Shade of Pale", with lyrics by Keith Reid, that included a play on the phrase with "skip the light fandango", casting Milton's light and nimble dancing in a modernist perspective.[8]

text: More recent usage includes a line from Quentin Tarantino's movie Inglourious Basterds; a song title on electronica artist BT's debut album, Ima;[11] Sophie Ellis-Bextor's 2007 album Trip the Light Fantastic; Mary Lou Lord's song, "Lights are Changing"; and The Light Fantastic, the second book in Terry Pratchett's Discworld series.