document_title: Bigg Boss Malayalam 1

question_text: who got eliminated in big boss malayalam this week

text: Bigg Boss Malayalam 1

text: Housemates[edit]

text: Following are the housemates entered the Bigg Boss house.[5].

text:
Housemates

Occupation

Status

Original Entrance

Aditi Rai

Actor

Anoop Chandran

Film, TV actor

Archana Suseelan

TV actor

Aristo Suresh

Actor, Singer

Basheer Bashi

Entrepreneur, Actor

Hima Shankar

Film, Theater artist

Evicted on Day 21 Re-entered on Day 49

Pearle Maaney

Television anchor, Film actor, VJ

Sabumon Abdusamad

Actor, Host

Srinish Aravind

TV actor

Ranjini Haridas

Television personality

Evicted on Day 63

Diya Sana

Activist

Evicted on Day 42

Shweta Menon

Flim actor

Evicted on Day 35

Deepan Murali

TV actor

Evicted on Day 28

Sreelakshmi Sreekumar

Television anchor, Film actress

Evicted on Day 27

David John

Model, TV actor

Evicted on Day 7

Manoj K Verma

Businessman

Walked on Day 4

Wildcard Entrance

Anjali Ameer

Model, Film Actress

Entered on Day 35Walked on Day 45

Shiyas Kareem

Model, Pageant Winner, actor

Entered on Day 15

text: Guests[edit]

text:
Week(s)

Day(s)

Guest(s)

Purpose of Visit

7

Day 48

Kamal Haasan, Pooja Kumar, Mahesh Narayan, Anant Mahadevan and Mohamaad Ghibran

To promote their film Vishwaroopam II.[6][7]

8

Day 52

Mukesh

To be a part of the luxury budget task.[8]

9

Day 62

Mohanlal

To celebrate Onam with the housemates.[9]

text: Episodes[edit]

text: Weekly summary[edit]

text: The main events in the house are summarized in the table below. A typical week begins with nominations, followed by the luxury budget task, punishment than a task for immunity or anything else and then the eviction of a housemate during the Sunday or Saturday. Evictions, tasks, and other notable events for a particular week are noted in order of sequence.

text:
Week1

Entrances

Aditi, Anoop, Archana, Aristo Suresh, Basheer, David, Deepan, Diya, Hima, Manoj, Pearle, Ranjini, Sabumon, Shweta, Sreelakshmi and Srinish entered the Bigg Boss house on Day 0.

Daily Tasks

Manakkannu
On Day 1, Each housemate were asked to give their first impression on their co-contestants about the one who doesn't deserve to be an alone participant of the show.
Aditi was the one with most votes.
Aadya Pranayam
On Day 2, Each housemate were asked to talk about their first love.
Ente Jeevitham
On Day 3, The housemates were asked to talk about a situation whether it's good or bad which made a huge impact/difference in their life.
Musical Chair
On Day 5, The housemates were given a musical chair task. A song is played and a balloon is passed to every contestant and when the song stops, whoever holding the balloon will need to take a note (a sub-task wrote) and make any other housemates to do it. The one who remains until the end will win the task.
Hima won the task.

Captaincy Task

On Day 1, The housemates were asked to elect the first house captain by voting a contestant based on their personal opinions. As Aditi was voted the highest on the previous task (Manakkannu), she cannot be a part of this task and hence can't be the house captain for the first week.

Result
Won - Shwetha

Nomination

Bigg Boss announced the rules and each housemate were called in the confession room for the nomination. Each housemate had to nominate 2 people. Aditi, David, Diya, Hima and Srinish were nominated for the elimination.
As the house caption, Shweta was given a special power to nominate a housemate except those who nominated by the normal nomination procedure. She chose Suresh to be nominated.[10]

Luxury Budget Task

On Day 2, The contestants were given their first Luxury budget task in which the housemates were required to dance on a moving flapped wheel by the time when the given song is played for each contestant.
Twenty-Twenty
On day 3, The housemates were divided into two, as Mammootty fans and Mohanlal fans. They dressed up as the actors. They also had to dance to the songs of these actors.

Exits

Walked
On Day 4, Manoj left the Bigg Boss house due to his poor health conditions.[11]
Evicted
On Day 7, David became the first housemate to evict from the house after facing the public vote.[12]

Week2

Captaincy Task

On Day 5, Swetha was asked to choose two deserving candidates among the non-nominated housemates to be the part of next (Week 2) captaincy task. She chose Archana and Ranjini.
Dwandha Yudham
The both candidates were given 13 number cards which they should give each housemate according to the order of their popularity. Also, the contestants should remember about the order chosen by their opponents.

Result
Won - Ranjini

Nomination

The house captain was asked to nominate 7 out of all the contestants to be in the nomination list in which the co-housemates could select two for this weeks nomination. Captain chose Anoop, Hima, Deepan, Diya, Pearle, Srinish, Suresh.
Anoop, Deepan, Hima, Pearle and Suresh were nominated for elimination.

Luxury Budget Task

On Day 9, The housemates were required to make chains/bangles. Sabumon and Ranjini were essayed to be the owners and has money of total 1 lakh each which is needed to distribute to the other housemates on their demand to work with them. In the end, the one who has more money will be the winner and will be a candidate for the next (week 3) captaincy task.[13]
On Day 9, Bigg Boss ordered for 75 chains. The housemates failed to reach the target. On Day 10, the second day of the task, an order of 85 chains was given and the housemates again failed to reach the target number again.
The housemates failed the task.
Anoop had more money and hence became a candidate for the house captain.
On Day 11, The owners (Ranjini and Sabu) were asked to choose one candidate from each of their team to stand as candidates for house captain. They chose Srinish and Shweta
Secret Task
On Day 10, a secret task was given to Diya. She was required to make the housemates fail to complete the second order unless she will be directly nominated for the eviction. If successful, she will be a candidate for the house captain for the third week.
Diya failed the secret task.
Luxury Goal
On Day 11, a final chance to gain the luxury budget was given. Only those housemates who won the daily task (Rasakkoottu) could take part in this task. Different footballs will be set up with a luxury food name on it. The contestants need to shoot a perfect goal with eyes closed in order to obtain that particular luxury food.
The housemates obtained three luxury food.

Task

Mookhabhinayam
The housemates were asked to show off their acting skills through mime and were divided to two groups. Ranjini and Shweta were assigned as judges.
 Team A: Anoop, Archana, Basheer, Deepan, Sreelakhsmi, Srinish
 Team B: Aditi, Diya, Hima, Pearle, Sabumon, Suresh

Result
Won - Team B

Daily Task

Rasakkoottu
On Day 11, The housemates divided into two groups and were asked to make a dessert with the items given within 15 minutes. The house captain will declare the winning team based on the taste of the foods made.
 Team Shweta: Aditi, Anoop, Sabumon, Deepan, Sreelakhsmi, Suresh
 Team Archana: Basheer, Diya, Hima, Pearle, Ranjini

Result
Won - Team Archana

Secret Task

A secret task to fool Diya was given to Sabumon.[14]
With the help of other housemates, he became successful in the task.

Week3

Captaincy Task

The candidates (Anoop, Shweta and Srinish) will be connected in a rope with three hooks attached to each candidate. The one who stays with the rope without detaching the hook will be the house captain.
Anoop unhooked himself and walked off from the task.

Result
Won - Srinish

Nomination

Each housemate had to nominate 2 person. Anoop, Hima, Ranjini, and Sabumon were nominated. Later, the house captain saved Ranjini and replaced Sreelakshmi to be ominated with his special power.

Entrances

On Day 15, Shiyas Kareem entered the house as a wild card contestant.[15]

Daily Tasks

Sanga Nritham
On Day 15, All the housemates were asked to dance on Bigg Boss's theme song.[16]
Nyaaya Vidhi
On Day 18, Housemates were given a card in which they were required to mention a complaint about a particular co-housemate. A court was made from where the housemates can speak their opinions. Anoop was assigned as the judge of the  court. Punishments are given if one found to be wrong proving him/herself.

Weekly Task

On Day 16, Ranjini was assigned as a serial killer whom needed to kill particular housemates secretively by the way and time Bigg Boss orders through a secret mobile phone. Shiyas was told to help Ranjini secretively in her missions.
On Day 17, second day of the task, Sabu and Shweta were assigned the duty of police whom are needed to investigate the murders happening around the house. Later, Shweta was killed. Sabu identified that the murders were done by Shiyas and Ranjini by his tricky questions. He was given promotion by Bigg Boss as CID Sabu. Later, the housemates won the luxury budget task.

Exit

On Day 21, Hima evicted from the show after facing the public vote.

Week4

Captaincy Task

Housemates chose Basheer, Ranjini and Sabumon for captaincy. Each candidates has to sit inside a small box in which only their head can be seen out with knees bend. The one who stands appropriated for the longest time will be the House captain.[17]

Result
Won - Ranjini

Nomination

Housemates mutually decided Aditi, Deepan, Pearle, Sreelakshmi, Shiyas and Srinish to be in the nomination list. Later, each housemates chose two among these six housemates to be nominated. Finally, Aditi, Deepan, Sreelakshmi and Srinish got nominated for eviction.

Luxury Budget Task

On Day 23, Housemates were required to bypass 7 tasks to win the luxury budget. The 7 tasks were, Chithram Vichithram (failed), Minnunnathellaam Ponnalla (won), Haylessah (failed), Bharghavi Nilayam (failed), Task 4 (won). On Day 24, second day of the task, two task were given, KKPP (won), Teeta Rappayi (won). On Day 25, third day of the task, the seventh and the final task to achieve luxury budget was given, Aadambhara Yathra (won).
Housemates credited the luxury of 1625 rupees.

Daily Task

Sundari Neeyum Sundaran Njanum
On Day 24, Housemates had to perform a comedy skit with a 'Pennu Kaanal' theme. Each housemates were given certain characters to play off their roles.[18]

Other Task

Vijaarana
On Day 25, A court was made and Sabumon was assigned as its judge. Housemates had to mention their complaints.
Mounam Udaaryam
On Day 26, A bowl with several food names written in paper slots was given to the housemates. They divided into two groups and required to read the slot and make it known to other housemates with actions or symbols only. If become successful, that particular food will be given to the housemates.

Exit

On Day 27, Sreelakshmi evicted from the show after facing the public vote.[19]
On Day 28, Deepan evicted from the show after facing the public vote. This was the first time that two housemates were evicted from the show on the same week.[20]

Week5

Captaincy Task

On Day 26, Housemates chose Aditi, Archana and Pearle for captaincy. Candidates were required to fill their baskets with red-star punched balls within a minute among thousand balls. The one who fills the most number of balls will be the winner.
At first, Aditi took 6, Archana and Pearle took 7 balls each. Hence, a second round conducted among Archana and Pearle from which Archana took 8 and Pearle took 9 balls.

Result
Won - Pearle

Luxury Budget Task

Amma Malayalam
On Day 30, A school was made to teach the housemates the importance of Malayalam language. Anoop, Diya and Suresh were assigned as Malayalam teacher, Head of the Department and Music teacher respectively and else all housemates students.
On Day 31, second day of the task, Housemates were asked to choose the best performer of the luxury budget task. They chose Anoop and became a candidate for captaincy.

Nomination

Housemates were assembled in the activity area. They individually asked to paint the face and shared opinion about their nominations. Ranjini and Shweta were nominated for eviction with seven and ten votes respectively.[21]

Other Task

Thattukada
Housemates had to cover a cookery show. Ranjini is the host of the show. Sabumon, Suresh and Basheer were assigned as the cook, the owner and the helper respectively and else all the viewers.

Exit

On Day 35, Shweta evicted from the show after facing the public vote.

Week6

Captaincy Task

On Day 32, Anoop and Sabumon were asked to choose two among all the housemates to be with them for the captaincy task. They chose Diya and Suresh. Only one among these two will be eligible for the captaincy task.
Panja Gusthi
Diya and Suresh had to win an arm wrestling competition in order to be a candidate for captaincy. They were allowed to choose two among all the housemates to compete on behalf of them. Diya chose Shiyas and Suresh chose Srinish. Shiyas won the competition and hence Diya became the third candidate for the captaincy task.
Bicycle Race
On Day 33, The three candidate that been elected had an activity to participate. The activity was to ride a bicycle, the winner will be the one who manages to ride for a longer duration. And for a twist, each bicycle had a picture of the candidates in front of them covered. Diya won the activity but the picture in front of the bicycle was of Sabumon, hence Sabumon won the competition.
Pakal vs Iruttu
On Day 34, housemates voted against each contestant as who feel Raavu and Pakal, according to the vote Suresh selected as Pakal and Diya selected as Raavu. Suresh and Diya selected as captain of Pakal and Raavu accordingly and ask them to prepare their team to play the game Piramid

Result
Won - Sabumon

Entrances

On Day 35, Anjali Ameer entered the house as a wild card contestant.[22]

Nomination

Housemates divided into two groups and each had to nominate two among the opposite group. Archana, Diya and Pearle were nominated with normal voting procedures. As a house captain, Sabumon was given special power to nominate two other housemates. He chose Basheer and Srinish and were nominated for eviction.

Luxury Budget Task

Shaktiman
On Day 37, Housemates had to wear a bag with some weights (dumbbells with 10 kg, total 86 kg) and had to stand wearing it till the last buzzer. Each weights contains several points for luxury. If one continues to stay with put-ons's for two buzzer simultaneously, he/she will be able to be a candidate for captaincy and will be credited a bonus of 200 points.
Basheer continued for first the two rounds and became a candidate for captaincy. Later, Archana and Srinish completed third and fourth rounds.

Other Tasks

Bigg Boss Awards
On Day 37, All the housemates were asked to dress up for the award niht and Pearle was chosen as the host of the show. Sabumon won most number of awards.
Adimakkannu
On Day 40, The nominees for eviction this week (Srinish, Pearle, Basheer, Archana and Diya) were asked to pick a slave each and were given full powers to make their slaves do anything for them.

Daily Task

Bogg Boss Brother's Kadha Prasangam
On Day 38, Anoop and Suresh were ordered to plan a lyrical narration of a particular incident in the house.

Promotional Task

Fogg Sugandhangal
On Day 38, The game was to identify the name of the deodorant by its fragrance. Housemates were divided into two groups and one from each group could smell the deodorant and narrate its fragrance through a poetic explanation.
 Team Pearle: Aditi, Anjali, Diya, Ranjini, Suresh
 Team Sabumon: Anoop, Archana, Basheer, Shiyas, Srinish

Result
Won - Team Pearle

Exit

On Day 42, Diya Sana evicted from the house after facing the public vote.[23]

Week7

Captaincy Task

Bigg Boss Karannavar
On Day 40, The housemates were ordered to vote for the one whom they think is deserving enough to be the 'Karanavar'.
Everyone delivered good speeches and Archana was voted as the new 'Karanavar' of the house.

Nomination

Bigg Boss announced the nomination process and invited two people to the confession room and. The housemates had to mutually decide the one between them to be nominated for eviction.
Anoop, Pearle, Sabumon and Suresh were nominated for eviction.
Since Aditi and Anjali could not end up in a decision, Archana as a house captain was given a special power to nominate one among them. She chose Aditi to be nominated.

Luxury Budget Task

Chakravyuham
On Day 44, In the puzzle round, housemates were asked to find the hidden luxury point in the paint buckets placed in the game zone. Each player had to keep in mind the direction to the treasure given by Bigg Boss and play accordingly. Basheer was chosen as the secret messenger by Bigg Boss and he was given the task to spoil the housemates’ luxury task.
Anjali Ameer was taken to the hospital after becoming ill.

Daily Task

Kadhayile Thaaram
On Day 44, Each housemate was asked to tell a story with the given plot. Everyone displayed their creativity and Ranjini was chosen as the winner of the task.
Ennile Njan
On Day 46, the housemates were asked to chose a color with a hidden topic and talk on it.

Exit

Walked
On Day 45, Anjali Ameer left the show due to her poor health conditions.[24]

Week8

Captaincy Task

On Day 46, Bigg Boss announced to select the captain nominees for the week eight and housemates selected Anoop, Shiyas, and Aditi for the captaincy task.
On Day 47, The candidates were asked to take part in this task. The primary task is to eat 12 pieces of Puttu (A Kerala dish made up of rice flour) and 12 bananas in a fixed time.

Result
Won - Shiyas

Entrances

On Day 49, ex-contestant Hima Shankar enters the house as wildcard.[25]

Nomination

On Day 50, housemates were asked to nominate two contestants for eviction. Pearle, Ranjini, Srinish and Suresh were nominated and later captain was given special power to nominate one among the non-nominated housemates. Shiyas nominated Archana for the evicition.

Luxury Budget Task

Bigg Boss Bahirakasha Kendram
On Day 52, Bigg Boss house was turned into a space research center and all the housemates were researchers who should protect the dead body of 'Uthaman' from aliens. Everyone dressed up as scientists and started enacting their respective roles. Bigg Boss gave Ranjini and Sabu the secret task of dismantling the body parts of the dead body and presenting it to him.

Other Task

On Day 53, housemates were given saplings which had names of each of them. The task is to take care of the plant until they move out of the house.
Manichithrathazhu
On Day 55, all the housemates were supposed to take the key of the lock in their hand after cheating Shiyas who stands in front of the pole where the keys are kept.

Daily Task

Navarasangal
On Day 54, Bigg Boss ordered Aditi to arrange for an acting training for the housemates. Anoop and Aditi taught Navarasas to the housemates in the garden area after some acting exercises.
Later, the task was a mock actor hunt for an upcoming movie. Ranjini and Sabu were chosen as the producer and director respectively. They gave roles to each housemates.

Week9

Captaincy Task

Bigg Boss asked the housemates to select three people for the captaincy task. While Shiyas, the current captain, nominated Archana, others nominated Anoop and Aditi.
Adithettiyal
On Day 53, the task was to balance oneself in a speed board. Three housemates were ordered to walk together in the same speed board and the one who survives without falling from the board would be declared the winner.[26]

Result
Won - Anoop

Nomination

On Day 56, host Mohanlal said that there is no eviction (week 8) as most of the viewers couldn't vote because of the floods in Kerala. He also said that all the 5 contestants (Archana, Pearle, Ranjini, Srinish and Suresh) continue to be in the eviction phase and the decision will be made next week (week 9). And hence, weekly nomination procedures were not conducted this time.

Luxury Budget Task

Padayottam
On Day 58, the housemates were asked to form two groups and win the rounds to get access to different areas in the house.
 Team Blue: Basheer, Hima, Sabumon, Shiyas, Srinish
 Team Yellow: Aditi, Archana, Pearle, Ranjini, Suresh
Task 1
The first task to win the bathroom area was to bath with the given soap and the one who finishes it first becomes the winner. Sabu won the task for blue team defeating Ranjini.
Task 2
The second task to win the dining area and kitchen area was to clean the given plates. Out of the 30 give plates, Basheer cleaned the most and won the task for the blue team.
Task 3
The third task was a lock and key combination competition to win the bedroom area. The bedroom was locked with 5 locks and the keys were hidden in the pool. The task was to find the correct key and open the maximum number of locks. Suresh and the team yellow group won the competition.

Exit

On Day 63, Ranjini Haridas evicted from the house after facing the public vote.[27]

Week10

Captaincy Task

On Day 60, housemates were asked to select the nominees for the captaincy task and they chose Basheer - Aditi - Hima for the task.
Malsara Changala
The three contenders were supposed to escape from the human chain created by the other housemates.

Result
Won - Basheer

Nomination

On Day 64, Bigg Boss announced the nomination process and all the contestants were asked to burn the photographs of two housemates they wish to  nominate. Anoop, Hima, and Shiyas received the most votes for the nomination. Sabu used his special power and saved Hima. The captain nominated Pearle and hence Anoop, Pearle and Shiyas were nominated for the eviction.

text: Nominations[edit]

text:
Week 1

Week 2

Week 3

Week 4

Week 5

Week 6

Week 7

Week 8

Week 9

Week 10

Week 11

Week 12

Week 13

Week 14

HouseCaptain

Shweta

Ranjini

Srinish

Ranjini

Pearle

Sabumon

Archana

Shiyas

Anoop

Basheer

Captain'sNomination

Suresh

None

Ranjini(to save)Sreelakshmi(to evict)

AditiSrinish

RanjiniShweta

BasheerSrinish

Aditi

Archana

None

Pearle

Vote to:

Evict

Evict/Save

Evict

None

Evict

Aditi

DiyaDavid

DeepanPearle

AnoopPearle

PearleSrinish

SabumonShweta

ArchanaDiya

None

PearleSrinish

None

AnoopPearle

Anoop

AditiSrinish

DeepanHima

HimaRanjini

SreelakshmiSrinish

RanjiniShweta

ArchanaDiya

Himself(evict)

PearleSrinish

HouseCaptain

HimaShiyas

Archana

AditiDavid

AnoopPearle

AditiSreelakshmi

ShiyasSreelakshmi

ShiyasShweta

AnoopShiyas

HouseCaptain

SrinishSuresh

None

HimaShiyas

Basheer

AditiSrinish

DeepanDiya

RanjiniShweta

AditiSreelakshmi

RanjiniShweta

ArchanaDiya

Himself(save)

ArchanaRanjini

HouseCaptain

Hima

AditiSrinish

AnoopPearle

RanjiniSabumon

Evicted(Day 21)

SrinishSuresh

AnoopSuresh

Pearle

HimaManoj

SrinishSuresh

DeepanHima

AditiDeepan

HouseCaptain

ArchanaRanjini

Herself(evict)

RanjiniSabumon

AnoopSabumon

Sabumon

ArchanaBasheer

HimaPearle

HimaRanjini

DeepanSrinish

RanjiniShweta

HouseCaptain

Himself(evict)

PearleSuresh

Hima(save)

Shiyas

Not inHouse

Exempt

DeepanPearle

RanjiniShweta

ArchanaDiya

Himself(save)

HouseCaptain

AnoopSabumon

Srinish

AditiAnoop

PearleSuresh

HouseCaptain

AditiSreelakshmi

RanjiniSweetha

ArchanaDiya

Himself(save)

AnoopRanjini

AnoopHima

Suresh

AditiHima

DeepanHima

BasheerRanjini

DeepanSreelakshmi

RanjiniShweta

ArchanaDiya

Himself(evict)

BasheerRanjini

HimaShiyas

Ranjini

DavidSrinish

HouseCaptain

AnoopSabumon

HouseCaptain

BasheerSuresh

BasheerPearle

Herself(save)

PearleSuresh

Evicted(Day 63)

Anjali

Not inHouse

PearleSuresh

None

Walked(Day 45)

Diya

AditiDavid

PearleSuresh

RanjiniSreelakshmi

AditiShiyas

RanjiniShweta

BasheerPearle

Evicted(Day 42)

Shweta

HouseCaptain

HimaSuresh

AnoopBasheer

DeepanSrinish

AnoopSuresh

Evicted(Day 35)

Deepan

AditiBasheer

AnoopSuresh

RanjiniShweta

PearleShiyas

Evicted(Day 28)

Sreelakshmi

DavidDiya

AnoopHima

ArchanaSabumon

DeepanSrinish

Evicted(Day 27)

David

AditiArchana

Evicted(Day 7)

Manoj

DiyaHima

Walked(Day 4)

Notes

1

2, 3

4

5, 6

7

8, 9

10, 11, 12, 13, 14

15

16

17, 18

Nominated

AditiDavidDiyaHimaSrinishSuresh

AnoopDeepanHimaPearleSuresh

AnoopHimaSabumonSreelakshmi

AditiDeepanSreelakshmiSrinish

RanjiniShweta

ArchanaBasheerDiyaPearleSrinish

AditiAnoopPearleSabumonSuresh

ArchanaPearleRanjiniSrinishSuresh

AnoopHima PearleShiyas

Walked

Manoj

none

Anjali

none

Evicted

David

NoEviction

Hima

Sreelakshmi

Shweta

Diya

NoEviction

Ranjini

Deepan

text: Notes[edit]

text:
^Note 1 : Manoj left the show due to his poor health conditions.[28]
^Note 2 : The house captain was asked to nominate 7 out of all the contestants to be in the nomination list in which the co-housemates could select two for this weeks nomination. Captain chose Anoop, Hima, Deepan, Diya, Pearle, Srinish, Suresh.
^Note 3 : Pearle and Suresh were safe and Anoop was about to evict but Shweta's decision to forgive him for confronting her in the captaincy task made him safe from eviction. Hence, No housemate evicted on Week 2.
^Note 4 : As a new housemate, Shiyas was exempted from the eviction and nomination procedures.[29]
^Note 5 : Housemates mutually decided Aditi, Deepan, Pearle, Sreelakshmi, Shiyas and Srinish to be in the nomination list. Later, each housemate chose two among these to be nominated. Finally, Aditi, Deepan, Sreelakshmi and Srinish got nominated for eviction.
^Note 6 : After Sreelakshmi's eviction on day 27, Deepan was evicted on day 28. For the first time, two housemates were evicted from the house in the same week.
^Note 7 : Housemates were assembled in the activity area. They individually asked to paint the face and shared the opinion about their nominations. Ranjini and Shweta were nominated for eviction with seven and ten votes respectively and on day 35, Shweta evicted from the show after facing the public votes.[30]
^Note 8 : As a new housemate, Anjali was exempted from being nominated but she was allowed to nominate two housemates.[31]
^Note 9 : Archana saved herself from eviction by winning the captaincy task.
^Note 10 : Aditi and Anjali could not end up in a decision about their nomination. Both the housemates were not ready to be nominated for eviction.
^Note 11 : Bigg Boss ordered Archana to chose one between Anjali and Aditi for the eviction. Archana chose Aditi saying that Anjali has recently come to the house.
^Note 12 : On Day 44, Anjali was taken to the hospital after becoming ill and on Day 45, she left the show due to her poor health conditions.
^Note 13 : Aditi received less votes and was technically evicted from the show but Anjali Ameer called and asked Mohanlal that nobody should be eliminated from the house. She said that she loves Aditi a lot. She requested Mohanlal to avoid the elimination at any cost. Upon Anjali's request, the elimination was cancelled.
^Note 14 : On Day 49, ex-contestant Hima Shankar re-entered the house as a wildcard.
^Note 15 : Hima was exempted from being nominated but she was allowed to nominate two housemates.
^Note 16 : Keralites were not able to vote in the poll due to heavy rain and flood. Mohanlal revealed that the same nominees will be there in the elimination list on next week too.
^Note 17 : On day 63, by winning a task, Ranjini achieved immune to be safe in the next nominations but later, she was evicted on the same day after facing the public votes and passed on her immune power to Archana.
^Note 18 : On day 63, by winning a task, Sabumon achieved a special power to save a nominated housemate. He saved Hima from the nominations.

text: Ratings and Viewership[edit]

text: Official ratings are taken from BARC India.

text:
Grand Premiere

Grand Finale

Viewers (in millions)

TVR Rating

Viewers (in millions)

TRP Rating

20.5[32]

10.33[33]

TBA

TBA


document_title: Miley Cyrus

question_text: what age did miley cyrus start hannah montana

root

text: Miley Cyrus

text: Life and career

text: 1992–2002: Early life and career beginnings

text: Destiny Hope Cyrus was born November 23, 1992, in Franklin, Tennessee,[2] to Tish Cyrus (née Leticia Jean Finley) and singer Billy Ray Cyrus.[2] Cyrus was born with supraventricular tachycardia, a condition which causes an abnormal resting heart rate.[3] Her birth name, Destiny Hope, expressed her parents' belief that she would accomplish great things. She was nicknamed "Smiley", later shortened to "Miley", because she often smiled as an infant.[4] She changed her name to Miley Ray Cyrus; her middle name honors her grandfather, Democratic politician Ronald Ray Cyrus.[5]

tag: p

text: Against the advice of her father's record company,[6] Cyrus's parents secretly married on December 28, 1993, a year after her birth.[7] They had two more children together, son Braison and daughter Noah.[8] From previous relationships, her mother has two other children, Trace and Brandi,[9] Her father has a son named Christopher,[7] who grew up with his mother, Kristin Luckey, in South Carolina.[6] Four of her siblings eventually entered the entertainment business: Trace as a vocalist and guitarist for the electronic pop band Metro Station,[10] Noah as an actress and singer, Braison as a fashion model, and Brandi as a journalist.[11][12][13] Cyrus's godmother is entertainer Dolly Parton.[14]

text: Cyrus attended Heritage Elementary School.[15] While working on Hannah Montana, she enrolled at Options for Youth Charter Schools[16] and studied with a private tutor on set.[17] Raised a Christian, she was baptized in a Southern Baptist church before moving to Hollywood in 2005.[18] She attended church regularly while growing up and wore a purity ring.[19] In 2001, when Cyrus was eight, she and her family moved to Toronto, Ontario, Canada while her father filmed the television series Doc.[20] After Billy Ray took her to see a 2001 Mirvish production of Mamma Mia! at the Royal Alexandra Theatre, Cyrus grabbed his arm and told him, "This is what I want to do, daddy. I want to be an actress."[21] She began taking singing and acting classes at the Armstrong Acting Studio in Toronto.[22]

text: In her first role, Cyrus played a girl named Kylie in the television series Doc.[4] In 2003, Cyrus was credited under her birth name for her role as "Young Ruthie" in Tim Burton's Big Fish.[23] During this period she auditioned with Taylor Lautner for the feature film The Adventures of Sharkboy and Lavagirl in 3-D, and although she was one of two actresses remaining, she started doing Hannah Montana instead.[24] Tish Cyrus became Miley's manager, and worked to acquire a team to help her career flourish.[25] Cyrus signed with Mitchell Gossett, director of the youth division at Cunningham Escott Slevin Doherty.[26] Gossett is often credited with "discovering" Cyrus, and played a key role in her auditioning for Hannah Montana.[27] She later signed with Jason Morey of Morey Management Group to handle her music career, having been directed to him by Dolly Parton.[25] Billy Ray's finance manager was hired as well.[25]

text: 2003–2009: Hannah Montana and early musical releases

text: Cyrus auditioned for the Disney Channel television series Hannah Montana when she was eleven years old.[28] She auditioned for the role of the title character's best friend, but was called to audition for the lead role instead.[28] Despite being denied the part at first because she was too "young and small" for the role,[29] she was selected later as the lead because of her singing and acting abilities.[30] The series premiered in March 2006 to the largest audience for a Disney Channel program,[31] and quickly ranked among the highest-rated series on basic cable.[32] The instant success of the series led to Cyrus being labeled a "teen idol".[23][33] She toured with The Cheetah Girls as Hannah Montana in September 2006, performing songs from the show's first season.[34] Walt Disney Records released a soundtrack credited to Cyrus' character in October of that year.[35] The record was a commercial success, topping the Billboard 200 chart in the United States; it went on to sell over three million copies worldwide.[36] With the release of the soundtrack, Cyrus became the first act within The Walt Disney Company to have deals in television, film, consumer products, and music.[33] She had a two-year relationship with actor Tyler Posey.[37] Cyrus has stated that she dated singer and actor Nick Jonas from June 2006 to December 2007,[38] claiming they were "in love" and began dating soon after they first met.[39] Her relationship with Jonas, as well as her "spoofing" fellow Disney alums Selena Gomez and Demi Lovato, attracted considerable media attention.[40] Cyrus came out as pansexual to her mother when she was 14,[41][42][43] and has said: "I never want to label myself! I am ready to love anyone that loves me for who I am! I am open."[44]

text: Cyrus signed a four-album recording contract with Hollywood Records to distribute her non-Hannah Montana soundtrack music.[45] She released the two-disc album Hannah Montana 2: Meet Miley Cyrus in June 2007.[46] The first disc was credited as the second soundtrack by "Hannah Montana", while the second disc served as Cyrus' debut studio album.[46] The album became her second to reach the top of the Billboard 200, and has sold over three million copies since its release.[47] Months after the release of the project, "See You Again" (2007) was released as the lead single from the album.[48] The song was a commercial success, and has sold over two million copies in the United States since its release.[49] She then collaborated with her father on the single "Ready, Set, Don't Go" (2007).[50] Cyrus embarked on her highly successful Best of Both Worlds Tour (2007–08) to promote its release.[51][52] Ticketmaster officials commented that "there [hadn't] been a demand of this level or intensity since The Beatles or Elvis".[53] The tour's success led to the theatrical release of the 3D concert film Hannah Montana & Miley Cyrus: Best of Both Worlds Concert (2008).[54] While initially intended to be a limited release, the film's success led to a longer run.[55]

text: Cyrus and friend Mandy Jiroux began posting videos on the popular website YouTube in February 2008, referring to the clips as "The Miley and Mandy Show"; the videos garnered a large online following.[56] In April 2008, several images of Cyrus in her underwear and swimsuit were leaked by a teenage hacker who accessed her Gmail account.[57][58] Further controversy arose when it was reported that Cyrus, then fifteen, had posed topless during a photo shoot with Annie Leibovitz for Vanity Fair.[59] The New York Times later clarified that although the pictures left the impression that she was bare-breasted, Cyrus was wrapped in a bed sheet and was not topless.[60]

text: Cyrus went on to release her second studio album, Breakout (2008), in June of that year.[61] The album boasted the highest first week sales of her career thus far, and became her third to top the Billboard 200.[62][63] Cyrus later starred with John Travolta in the animated film Bolt (2008), her debut as a theatrical actress.[64] The film was a critical and commercial success earning her a Golden Globe nomination.[65]

text: In March 2009, Cyrus released "The Climb" (2009) as a single from the soundtrack to the Hannah Montana feature film.[66] It was met with a warm critical and commercial reaction, becoming a crossover hit in both pop and country music formats.[67] The soundtrack, which features the single, went on to become Cyrus' fourth entry to top the Billboard 200; this made her, at sixteen, the youngest performer in history to have four number one albums on the chart.[68] She released her fourth soundtrack as "Hannah Montana" in July 2009, which debuted at number two on the Billboard 200.[69] Cyrus later launched her first fashion line, Miley Cyrus and Max Azria, through Walmart.[70] It was promoted by the release of "Party in the U.S.A." (2009) and the EP The Time of Our Lives (2009).[71][72] Cyrus said the album was "a transitioning album [...] really to introduce people to what I want my next record to sound like and with time I will be able to do that a little more".[72] "Party in the U.S.A." went on to become one of Cyrus' most successful singles to date, and is considered one of her signature songs.[73] She next embarked on her first world tour, the Wonder World Tour (2009), which was a critical and commercial success.[74] On December 7, 2009, Cyrus performed for Queen Elizabeth II and other members of the British Royal Family at the Royal Variety Performance in Blackpool, Lancashire.[75]

text: Billboard ranked her as the fourth, best-selling female artist of 2009.[76]

text: 2010–2012: Can't Be Tamed and focus on acting

text: Hoping to foster a more mature image, Cyrus starred in the film The Last Song (2010), based on the Nicholas Sparks novel.[77] It garnered a generally negative critical reaction,[78] though it was a box office hit.[79][80] While filming, she began a romantic relationship with her co-star, Liam Hemsworth.[81] Cyrus further attempted to change her image with the release of her third studio album, Can't Be Tamed (2010).[82] The album featured a more dance-oriented sound than her prior releases, and caused a considerable amount of controversy because of its lyrical content and Cyrus' live performances.[83][84][85][86] It sold 106,000 copies in its first week of release, and became her first studio album not to top the Billboard 200 chart in the United States.[87] Due to the controversy surrounding the release, the album's second, and final single, "Who Owns My Heart" was released solely in select European territories.[88][89] Cyrus released her final soundtrack as "Hannah Montana" that October; it was a commercial failure.[90] Cyrus' decline in sales for these releases was attributed to her controversial image.[87]

text: Cyrus was the center of more controversy when a video posted online in December 2010 showed a then eighteen Cyrus smoking salvia with a bong.[91][92][93] 2010 ended with her ranked number thirteen on Forbes' Celebrity 100 list.[94]

text: She embarked on her worldwide Gypsy Heart Tour (2011) in April, which featured no North American dates.[95] Cyrus cited her various controversial moments as the reason behind this, claiming she only wanted to travel where she felt "the most love".[96][97] Following the release of Can't Be Tamed, Cyrus officially parted ways with longtime record label Hollywood Records.[98] With Hannah Montana now officially over, Cyrus announced that she planned to take a hiatus from music to focus on her film career.[99] She commented, "I've not taken, like, acting lessons or anything, but it doesn't mean I don't need to because I'm sure I do ... I'm probably going to go book an acting coach."[100] She later confirmed she would not be going to college for the time being, stating that "[she is] a firm believer that you can go back at any age you want", and that she "[had] worked hard to get to where [she is] now, and [wanted] to enjoy it while it lasts".[101][102]

text: Cyrus hosted the March 5, 2011, episode of Saturday Night Live, during which she performed in a number of skits and poked fun at her recent controversies.[103][104] She later made an appearance on the MTV series Punk'd, appearing with Kelly Osbourne and Khloé Kardashian.[105][106] Cyrus starred in the independent film LOL (2012) with Demi Moore.[107] The film had a limited release, and was critically and commercially unsuccessful.[108][109][110] She then starred in the comedy film So Undercover, appearing as an FBI agent who is required to go undercover at a college sorority.[111] It was also reported on August 2, 2011, by Contact Music that Cyrus had signed on to star in an untitled comedy in which she plays a woman who breaks a promise to God.[112] It was later announced that Cyrus would star in the film Family Bond, portraying a girl who tracks down her estranged spy father in an attempt to save her kidnapped mother.[113]

text: Cyrus released a string of live performances known as the Backyard Sessions through YouTube during the spring and summer of 2012; the performances were of classic songs that Cyrus personally liked.[114] Having begun working on a failed fourth album the previous year, Cyrus resumed working on a new musical project in late 2012.[115] She collaborated with producers Rock Mafia on their song "Morning Sun" (2012), which was made available for free download online.[116] She had previously appeared in the music video for their debut single, "The Big Bang" (2010).[117] Cyrus later provided guest vocals on "Decisions" (2012) by Borgore.[118] Both Cyrus and Hemsworth appeared in the music video for the track.[119] She went on to appear as Missi in two episodes of the CBS sitcom Two and a Half Men.[120] She was also confirmed as a primary voice actress in the feature film Hotel Transylvania, but dropped out of the project to coordinate her musical comeback.[121] On May 31, it was announced that Cyrus and Hemsworth were engaged following a nearly three-year, on-again, off-again relationship.[122] Cyrus generated considerable media attention after cutting her traditionally long, brown hair in favor of a blonde, pixie cut; she commented that she had "never felt more [herself] in [her] whole life" and that "it really changed [her] life".[123][124]

text: 2013–2015: Bangerz and Miley Cyrus & Her Dead Petz

text: In 2013, Cyrus hired Larry Rudolph to be her manager; Rudolph is best known for representing Britney Spears.[125] It was soon confirmed that Cyrus had signed a new recording contract with RCA Records to distribute her future releases.[126] She worked with producers such as Pharrell Williams and Mike Will Made-It on her fourth studio album, resulting in a hip-hop influenced sound.[127] She collaborated with numerous hip-hop artists' releases and[127] appeared on the Snoop Lion song "Ashtrays and Heartbreaks" (2013), released as the lead single from his twelfth studio album, Reincarnated, in April 2013.[128] She worked with will.i.am on the song "Fall Down" (2013), released as a promotional single that same month.[129] The song entered the Billboard Hot 100 at number fifty-eight, marking her first appearance on the chart since "Can't Be Tamed" (2010).[130] She provided guest vocals on the Lil Twist song "Twerk", which also featured vocals by Justin Bieber.[131] The song went unreleased for unknown reasons, though it was leaked online.[131] On May 23, 2013, it was confirmed that Cyrus would be featured on the Mike Will Made It single "23", with Wiz Khalifa and Juicy J.[132] The single went on to peak at number eleven on the Hot 100, and has sold over one million copies worldwide since its release.[133]

text: Cyrus released her new single "We Can't Stop" on June 3.[134] Touted as her comeback single, it went on to become a worldwide commercial success, topping the charts in territories such as the United Kingdom.[135][136] The song's music video set the VEVO record for most views within twenty-four hours of release, and became the first to reach 100 million views on the site.[137] Cyrus performed with Robin Thicke at the 2013 MTV Video Music Awards, a performance that resulted in widespread media attention and public scrutiny. Her simulated sex acts with a foam finger were described as "disturbing", and the whole performance as "cringe-worthy".[138][139] Cyrus released "Wrecking Ball" (2013) as the second single from Bangerz on the same day as the VMAs.[140] The song became an instant hit, and its accompanying music video showing her swinging naked on a wrecking ball was viewed over nineteen million times within its first day of release.[140][139] The single became Cyrus' first single to top the Hot 100 chart in the United States having sold over two million copies.[141]

text:
After months of media speculation, on September 16, 2013, a representative for Cyrus announced that she and Hemsworth had decided to call off their engagement, ending their four-year relationship.[142] On October 2 MTV aired the documentary Miley: The Movement, which chronicled the recording of her fourth studio album Bangerz,[143][144] which was released on October 4.[145] It was a commercial success, debuting at number one on the Billboard 200 with first week sales of 270,000 copies.[146] On October 5, Cyrus hosted Saturday Night Live for the second time; she received mostly positive critical reviews which called the episode "good but not great".[147]
On November fifth, rapper Future's "Real and True" was released as a single featuring Cyrus and Mr. Hudson; an accompanying music video premiered five days later on November 10, 2013.[148] In late 2013 she was declared Artist of the Year by MTV.[149] On January 29, 2014, she played an acoustic concert show on MTV Unplugged, performing songs from Bangerz featuring a guest appearance by Madonna.[150] It became the highest rated MTV Unplugged in the past decade with over 1.7 million streams.[151] Cyrus was also featured in the Marc Jacobs spring 2014 ad campaign along with Natalie Westling and Esmerelda Seay Reynolds.[152] She launched her controversial Bangerz Tour (2014) that year, which received a generally positive reception.[153][154]
On April 1, about two months into her tour, Cyrus received news her Alaskan Klee Kai, Floyd, was found mauled to death at her home in Studio City after engaging in a fight with a coyote. The incident truamatized Cyrus to the point where by the end of her tour, Cyrus had dedicated her life to veganism and has since continued promoting it.[155]
Two weeks later, Cyrus suffered an allergic reaction to the antibiotic cephalexin, prescribed to treat a sinus infection,[156] resulting in her hospitalization in Kansas City. Though some dates had to be rescheduled, the tour resumed days later.[157]

text: While collaborating with The Flaming Lips on their remake of the Beatles' Sgt. Pepper's Lonely Hearts Club Band,[158][159] Cyrus began working with Wayne Coyne on her fifth studio album.[160] She claimed that she was taking her time to focus on the music, and that the album would not be released until she felt it was ready.[161] Coyne compared his collaborative material with Cyrus to the catalogs of Pink Floyd and Portishead, and described their sound as being "a slightly wiser, sadder, more true version" of Cyrus' pop music output.[162] During most of the time she was recording of the album, she was in a romantic relationship with actor Patrick Schwarzenegger.[81][163] Cyrus also worked on the films The Night Before (2015) and A Very Murray Christmas (2015) during this period; both roles were cameos.[164] Reports began to surface in 2015 that Cyrus was working on two albums simultaneously, one of which she hoped to release at no charge.[165] This was confirmed by her manager who claimed she was willing to end her contract with RCA Records if they refused to let her release a free album.[165] Cyrus was the host of the 2015 MTV Video Music Awards, making her the first openly pansexual host of those awards, and gave a surprise performance of a new song "Dooo It!" (2015) during the show's finale.[166][167] Immediately following the performance, Cyrus announced that her fifth studio album, Miley Cyrus & Her Dead Petz (2015), was available for free streaming on SoundCloud.[167] The album was written and produced primarily by Cyrus, and has been called experimental and psychedelic,[168][169][170] with elements of psychedelic pop,[171][172] psychedelic rock,[173] and alternative pop.[174]

text: 2016–2017: The Voice and Younger Now

text: In 2016, following the release of her fifth studio album the previous year, Cyrus resumed working on her upcoming sixth studio album.[175][176] She was a key advisor during the tenth season of the reality singing competition The Voice.[177] After months of speculation, it was confirmed in March 2016 that Cyrus had rekindled her relationship with Liam Hemsworth.[178][179] That same month, it was announced that Cyrus had signed on as a coach for the eleventh season of The Voice as a replacement for Gwen Stefani; Cyrus is the youngest judge to appear in any incarnation of the series.[180] In September 2016, Cyrus co-starred in Crisis in Six Scenes, a television series Woody Allen created for Amazon Studios. She plays the part of a radical activist who causes chaos in a conservative 1960s household while hiding from the police.[181][182] On September 17, 2016, she appeared on The Tonight Show Starring Jimmy Fallon where she sang Bob Dylan's "Baby, I'm In the Mood for You", a rendition that Fallon called "fantastic".[183] In October 2016, Cyrus confirmed that she was once again engaged to Liam Hemsworth.[184]

text: On May 11, 2017, Cyrus released "Malibu" as the lead single from her sixth album.[185] The single debuted at No. 64 on the Billboard Hot 100 and peaked at No. 10 on the chart on its second week.[186][187] On June 9, Cyrus released "Inspired" after performing the song at the One Love Manchester benefit concert.[188] It serves as a promotional single from her upcoming album. On August 8, Cyrus announced that her sixth studio album will be titled Younger Now and will be released on September 29, 2017.[189][190] The album's title track was released as the second single from the album on August 18, and debuted and peaked at No. 79 on the Billboard Hot 100.[191] On August 27, Cyrus performed the track at the 2017 MTV Video Music Awards.[192] On September 15, she performed "Malibu", "Younger Now", "See You Again", "Party in the U.S.A." and a cover of Roberta Flack's "The First Time Ever I Saw Your Face" for the BBC Radio 1 Live Lounge.[193] Cyrus has also returned as a coach in the thirteenth season of The Voice after taking a one-season hiatus.[194][195] On October 5, 2017, Cyrus confirmed that she would not be returning to The Voice for season fourteen, saying she did not "have any more seasons lined up."[196] On October 30, 2017, Cyrus said she would not tour for or release any further singles from Younger Now, wanting to focus on The Voice.[197]

text: 2018–present: Upcoming seventh studio album

text: In June 26, 2018, Mark Ronson announced he was working on a new album. Other confirmed producers are Andrew Wyatt and Mike WiLL Made-It.[198]

text: Artistry

text: Musical style and influences

text: Cyrus cites Elvis Presley as her biggest inspiration.[199] She has also cited artists such as Madonna, Dolly Parton, Timbaland, Joan Jett, Lil Kim, Shania Twain, Hanson, OneRepublic and Britney Spears as influences.[200][201][202][203][204][205] Since the start of her musical career, Cyrus has been described as being predominantly a pop artist.[206] Her Hannah Montana 2: Meet Miley Cyrus debut studio effort was characterized as sounding similar to her releases as "Hannah Montana" featuring a pop-rock and bubblegum pop sound.[207][208] Cyrus hoped that the release of Breakout (2008) would help distance her from this sound; the project features Cyrus experimenting with various genres.[209][210] Cyrus co-wrote eight songs for the album, and was quoted as saying: "I just hope this record showcases that, more than anything, I'm a writer."[63] The songs on her early releases feature lyrics on the topics of love and relationships.[206]

text: Cyrus is an alto,[211] with a "Nashville twang" in both her speech and singing voice.[104] On "Party in the U.S.A." (2009), her vocals feature belter refrains,[212] while those on the song "Obsessed" (2009) are described as "husky".[213] Releases such as "The Climb" (2009) and "These Four Walls" (2008) feature elements of country music and showcase Cyrus's "twangy vocals".[214] Cyrus experiments with an electropop sound on "Fly on the Wall" (2008), a genre that she would explore further with the release of Can't Be Tamed (2010), her third studio album.[215] It was initially intended to feature rock music elements prior to its completion,[216] and Cyrus claimed after its release that it could be her final pop album.[217] The album's songs speak of Cyrus' desire to achieve freedom in both her personal life and her career.[217] She began working on Bangerz (2013) during a musical hiatus, and described the project as having a "dirty south feel" prior to its release.[218] Critics noted the use of hip hop music and synthpop in the album.[219] The album's songs are placed in chronological order telling the story of her failed relationship with Liam Hemsworth.[220] Cyrus described Miley Cyrus & Her Dead Petz (2015) as "a little psychedelic, but still in that pop world".[161]

text: Stage performances

text: Cyrus has become known for her controversial performances, such as during her Bangerz Tour (2014) and Milky Milky Milk Tour (2015).[221] Her performance of "Party In the U.S.A." at the 2009 Teen Choice Awards sparked a "national uproar" because of her outfit and her perceived pole dancing.[222][223] She faced similar controversy following a performance of "Can't Be Tamed" (2010) on Britain's Got Talent, where she pretended to kiss one of her female dancers on stage.[224] Cyrus defended the performance, feeling she did nothing wrong.[224] Cyrus was the subject of public and media scrutiny following her performance of "We Can't Stop" (2013) and "Blurred Lines" (2013) with Robin Thicke at the 2013 MTV Video Music Awards. Clad in a skin colored latex two-piece, Cyrus touched Thicke's crotch area with a giant foam finger and twerked against his crotch.[225] Shortly thereafter, the word "twerk" was added to the online version of the Oxford Dictionary of English.[226] The performance resulted in a media frenzy; one reviewer likened the performance to a "bad acid trip",[138] while another described it as a "trainwreck in the classic sense of the word as the audience reaction seemed to be a mix of confusion, dismay and horror in a cocktail of embarrassment".[227] Cyrus entered the stage of her Bangerz Tour (2014) by sliding down a slide in the shape of a tongue, gaining media attention during the tour for her costumes and racy performances.[228]

text: Miley Cyrus performed at the March for Our Lives anti-gun violence rally in Washington, D.C. on March 24, 2018.[229][230]

text: Philanthropy

text: Throughout her career, Cyrus has sung on several charity singles such as: "Just Stand Up!", "Send It On", "Everybody Hurts" and "We Are the World 25 for Haiti".[231][232][233][234] She has visited a number of sick fans in hospitals throughout the years.[235][236] She is an avid supporter of the City of Hope National Medical Center in California, having attended benefit concerts in 2008, 2009 and 2012.[237][238][239] In 2008 and 2009, during her Best of Both Worlds and Wonder World Tours, for every concert ticket sold, she donated one dollar to the organization.[240] Cyrus celebrated her sixteenth birthday at Disneyland by delivering a $1 million donation from Disney to Youth Service America.[241] In July 2009, Cyrus performed at the Elizabeth Glaser Pediatric AIDS Foundation's 20th annual A Time for Heroes celebrity picnic[242] and donated several items including autographed merchandise, and a script from Hannah Montana for the Ronald McDonald House Auction.[243] Cyrus supports charities such as: the Elton John AIDS Foundation, Entertainment Industry Foundation, Habitat for Humanity, United Service Organizations, Youth Service America and Music for Relief.[244][245][246][247][248][249] In February 2010, she donated several items, including the dress she wore to the 52nd Annual Grammy Awards, and two tickets to the Hollywood premiere of her movie The Last Song, to raise money for the victims of the 2010 Haiti earthquake.[250]

text: In January 2011, Cyrus met an ailing fan with spina bifida with the charity Kids Wish Network.[251] In April 2011, she appeared in a commercial for the American Red Cross asking people to pledge $10 to help those affected by the 2011 Japan earthquake and tsunami.[252] In the same year Hilary Duff presented Cyrus with the first ever Global Action Youth Leadership Award at the first Annual Global Action Awards Gala for her support of Blessings in a Backpack, an organization that works to feed hungry children in schools, and her personal Get Ur Good On campaign with the Youth Services of America. Cyrus stated: "I want (kids) to do something they love. Not something that seems like a chore because someone tells them that's the right thing to do or what their parents want or what's important to people around them, but what's in their heart."[253][254] In December 2011, she appeared in a commercial for the charity J/P Haitian Relief Organization, and teamed up with her elder brother Trace Cyrus to design a limited edition T-shirt and hoodie for charity. All proceeds from the sale of these items went to her charity, Get Ur Good On, which supports education for under-privileged children.[255][256] In the same month, she performed her song "The Climb" at the CNN Heroes: An All-Star Tribute at the Shrine Auditorium in Los Angeles.[257]

text: In 2012, Cyrus released a cover version of Bob Dylan's "You're Gonna Make Me Lonesome When You Go" featuring Johnzo West for the charity Amnesty International as a part of the album Chimes of Freedom.[258] She also appeared in a commercial for the Rock the Vote campaign which encouraged young people to make their voices heard by voting in the 2012 federal election.[259] For her twentieth birthday, activists at People for the Ethical Treatment of Animals (PETA) adopted a pig called Nora in her name.[260][261] Cyrus also supports thirty-nine well-known charities including: Make-a-Wish Foundation, Cystic Fibrosis Foundation, St. Jude's Children's Research Hospital, To Write Love on Her Arms, NOH8 Campaign, Love Is Louder Than the Pressure to Be Perfect and The Jed Foundation among others.[262][263][264] In 2013, Cyrus was named the fourteenth most charitable celebrity of the year by Do Something.[265] She also appeared with Justin Bieber and Pitbull in a television special entitled The Real Change Project: Artists for Education.[266] On July 26, 2014, it was announced that Cyrus would appear alongside Justin Timberlake at an HIV/AIDS charity event in the White House.[267]

text: At the 2014 MTV Video Music Awards, Jimmy Fallon announced that Cyrus was the winner of the Video of the Year award for her song "Wrecking Ball". Instead of accepting the award herself, she had a twenty-two-year-old homeless man by the name of Jesse collect it for her. She had met him at My Friend's Place, an organization that helps homeless youth find shelter, work, health care and education. His acceptance speech encouraged musicians to learn more about homeless youth in Los Angeles and what they can do to help at Cyrus's Facebook page.[268] Cyrus then launched a Prizeo campaign to raise funds for the charity. Those who made donations were automatically entered into a sweepstake for a chance to meet Cyrus on her Bangerz Tour in Rio de Janeiro that September.[269]

text: Public image

text: In the early years of her career, Cyrus had a generally wholesome image as a teen idol.[270] Her fame increased dramatically following the Vanity Fair photo scandal, and it was reported that photos of Cyrus could be shopped for $2,000 apiece.[270] In the following years, Cyrus' image continued to shift dramatically, differing from her previous teen idol status.[270] Donny Osmond wrote of Cyrus' transition into adulthood: "Miley will have to face adulthood..... As she does, she'll want to change her image, and that change will be met with adversity."[271] The release of Can't Be Tamed (2010) saw Cyrus officially attempting to distance herself from her teenage years, releasing controversial music videos for her songs "Can't Be Tamed" (2010) and "Who Owns My Heart" (2010).[272][273] Her behavior generated a considerable amount of controversy throughout 2013 and 2014, though godmother Dolly Parton stated "...the girl can write. The girl can sing. The girl is smart. And she doesn't have to be so drastic. But I will respect her choices. I did it my way, so why can't she do it her way?"[274]

text: Cyrus was placed at number seventeen on Forbes' list of the most powerful celebrities in 2014, with the magazine noting that "The last time she made our list was when she was still rolling in Hannah Montana money. Now the pop singer is all grown up and courting controversy at every turn."[275] In August 2014, it was reported that Bluewater Productions has documented her life in a comic book called Fame: Miley Cyrus, starting with her controversial 2013 MTV Video Music Awards performance to her Disney fame, and exploring her childhood in Tennessee.[276] The comic book was written by Michael L. Frizell and drawn by Juan Luis Rincón, and is available in both print and digital formats.[277] In September 2010, Cyrus was ranked number ten on Billboard magazine's first ever list of Music's Hottest Minors of 2010,[278] and was ranked number twenty-one on the 2011,[279] and number eighteen on the 2012 version of the list.[280] In May 2013, Maxim ranked Cyrus first on their Hot 100 of the year.[281] Cyrus was chosen by Time as one of their finalists for Person of the Year in November 2013.[282] She came in third place with 16.3% of the vote.[283] In March 2014, Skidmore College, New York started offering a special topics sociology course entitled "The Sociology of Miley Cyrus: Race, Class, Gender and Media" which was "using Miley as a lens through which to explore sociological thinking about identity, entertainment, media and fame".[284] In 2015, Cyrus was listed as one of the nine runners-up for The Advocate's Person of the Year.[285]

text: Cyrus was raised as a Christian and identified herself as such during her childhood and early adult life.[18] Cyrus includes references to Tibetan Buddhism in the lyrics of "Milky Milky Milk" (2015).[286]

text: Cyrus came out as pansexual to her mother when she was 14,[287][288][289] and has said: "I never want to label myself! I am ready to love anyone that loves me for who I am! I am open."[290] In June 2015, Time reported that she also identifies as gender fluid.[291] She was quoted as stating she "[doesn't] relate to being boy or girl, and I don't have to have my partner relate to boy or girl."[292] Cyrus is a supporter of the LGBT community, and is often vocal about her beliefs on the topic.[293] Her song "My Heart Beats For Love" (2010) was written for one of Cyrus' gay friends,[294] while she has since claimed that London is her favorite place to perform due to its extensive gay scene.[295] Cyrus also has an equals sign tattooed on her ring finger in support of same-sex marriage.[296] She is the founder of the Happy Hippie Foundation, which works to "fight injustice facing homeless youth, LGBTQ youth and other vulnerable populations".[297]

text: Cyrus is open about her recreational use of cannabis.[298][299] She told Rolling Stone in 2013 that it was "the best drug on earth" and called it, along with MDMA, a "happy drug".[300] While accepting the Best Video award at the 2013 MTV Europe Music Awards, Cyrus smoked what appeared to be a joint on stage; this was removed from the delayed broadcast of the program in the United States.[301] In a 2014 interview with W, Cyrus stated "I love weed" and "I just love getting stoned."[302]

text: Wealth

text: Miley Cyrus's net worth is estimated at $200 million in 2017. She earned $201 million from sold-out concerts and $76 million from endorsements. Her lifetime (2001–2017) earnings are estimated to be in excess of $360 million.[303]

text: Discography

text:
Meet Miley Cyrus (2007)
Breakout (2008)
Can't Be Tamed (2010)
Bangerz (2013)
Miley Cyrus & Her Dead Petz (2015)
Younger Now (2017)

tag: ul

text: Filmography

text:
Big Fish (2003)
Hannah Montana and Miley Cyrus: Best of Both Worlds Concert (2008)
Bolt (2008)
Hannah Montana: The Movie (2009)
The Last Song (2010)
LOL (2012)
So Undercover (2012)
Miley: The Movement (2013)
The Night Before (2015)
A Very Murray Christmas (2015)
Crisis in Six Scenes (2016)
Guardians of the Galaxy Vol. 2 (2017)

text: Tours

text:
Best of Both Worlds Tour (2007–2008)
Wonder World Tour (2009)
Gypsy Heart Tour (2011)
Bangerz Tour (2014)
Milky Milky Milk Tour (2015)


document_title: List of Miami Dolphins seasons

question_text: when is the last time the miami dolphins made the playoffs

text: List of Miami Dolphins seasons

text: This is a list of seasons completed by the Miami Dolphins American football franchise of the National Football League (NFL). The list documents the season-by-season records of the Dolphins franchise from 1966 to present, including postseason records, and league awards for individual players or head coaches.

text: Although the Miami Dolphins were not successful before joining the NFL, from 1970 when they played their first season after the AFL–NFL merger until 2001 they were one of the most successful teams in the league, playing in the postseason on 22 occasions over those 32 years and winning 335 and tying two of 528 games for an overall win percentage of 63.6. Early in this period the Dolphins won their only two Super Bowls in consecutive seasons, in the process achieving the only modern-day perfect season in any major professional sports league during only their third year in the NFL. Much of this success was orchestrated by coach Don Shula who joined the team in 1970 and stayed with them until his retirement in 1995.

text: After Shula retired in 1995, the Dolphins remained a force for six years under successors Jimmy Johnson and Dave Wannstedt, but since 2002 and especially since 2004 have fallen on harder times, reaching the postseason only twice in the twelve seasons since. In 2007, they nearly suffered an imperfect season, winning only one game in overtime.

text: For complete team history, see History of the Miami Dolphins.

text: Seasons[edit]

text:
Super Bowl Champions (1970–present)
Conference Champions
Division Champions
Wild Card Berth
One-Game Playoff Berth

tag: table

text:
Franchise records according to Pro-Football Reference.com[1]

Season
Team
League
Conference
Division
Regular Season
Post Season Results
Awards
Head coaches

Finish
Wins
Losses
Ties

1966
1966
AFL

Eastern
5th
3
11
0

George Wilson

1967
1967
AFL

Eastern
4th
4
10
0

1968
1968
AFL

Eastern
3rd
5
8
1

1969
1969
AFL

Eastern
5th
3
10
1

1970
1970
NFL
AFC
East
2nd
10
4
0
Lost Divisional Playoffs (at Raiders) 14–21

Don Shula

1971
1971
NFL
AFC
East
1st
10
3
1
Won Divisional Playoffs (at Chiefs) 27–24 (OT)
Won Conference Championship (Colts) 21–0
Lost Super Bowl VI (vs. Cowboys) 3–24

1972
1972
NFL
AFC
East
1st
14
0
0
Won Divisional Playoffs (Browns) 20–14
Won Conference Championship (at Steelers) 21–17
Won Super Bowl VII (1) (vs. Redskins) 14–7
Don Shula (COY)
Jake Scott (SB MVP)
Earl Morrall (CBPOY)

1973
1973
NFL
AFC
East
1st
12
2
0
Won Divisional Playoffs (Bengals) 34–16
Won Conference Championship (Raiders) 27–10
Won Super Bowl VIII (2) (vs. Vikings) 24–7
Dick Anderson (DPOY)
Larry Csonka (SB MVP)
Garo Yepremian (PB MVP)

1974
1974
NFL
AFC
East
1st
11
3
0
Lost Divisional Playoffs (at Raiders) 26–28

1975
1975
NFL
AFC
East
2nd
10
4
0

1976
1976
NFL
AFC
East
3rd
6
8
0

1977
1977
NFL
AFC
East
2nd
10
4
0

A. J. Duhe (DROY)

1978
1978
NFL
AFC
East
2nd
11
5
0
Lost Wild Card Playoffs (Oilers) 9–17

1979
1979
NFL
AFC
East
1st
10
6
0
Lost Divisional Playoffs (at Steelers) 14–34
Larry Csonka (CBPOY)

1980
1980
NFL
AFC
East
3rd
8
8
0

1981
1981
NFL
AFC
East
1st
11
4
1
Lost Divisional Playoffs (Chargers) 38–41 (OT)

1982
1982
NFL
AFC

2nd1
7
2
0
Won First Round (Patriots) 28–13
Won Second Round (Chargers) 34–13
Won Conference Championship (Jets) 14–0
Lost Super Bowl XVII (vs. Redskins) 17–27

1983
1983
NFL
AFC
East
1st
12
4
0
Lost Divisional Playoffs (Seahawks) 20–27
Doug Betters (DPOY)

1984
1984
NFL
AFC
East
1st
14
2
0
Won Divisional Playoffs (Seahawks) 31–10
Won Conference Championship (Steelers) 45–28
Lost Super Bowl XIX (vs. 49ers) 16–38
Dan Marino (MVP, OPOY)

1985
1985
NFL
AFC
East
1st
12
4
0
Won Divisional Playoffs (Browns) 24–21
Lost Conference Championship (Patriots) 14–31
Dwight Stephenson (WPMOY)

1986
1986
NFL
AFC
East
3rd
8
8
0

1987
1987
NFL
AFC
East
3rd
8
7
0

Troy Stradford (OROY)

1988
1988
NFL
AFC
East
5th
6
10
0

1989
1989
NFL
AFC
East
3rd
8
8
0

1990
1990
NFL
AFC
East
2nd
12
4
0
Won Wild Card Playoffs (Chiefs) 17–16
Lost Divisional Playoffs (at Bills) 34–44

1991
1991
NFL
AFC
East
3rd
8
8
0

1992
1992
NFL
AFC
East
1st
11
5
0
Won Divisional Playoffs (Chargers) 31–0
Lost Conference Championship (Bills) 10–29

1993
1993
NFL
AFC
East
2nd
9
7
0

1994
1994
NFL
AFC
East
1st
10
6
0
Won Wild Card Playoffs (Chiefs) 27–17
Lost Divisional Playoffs (at Chargers) 21–22
Tim Bowens (DROY)
Dan Marino (CBPOY)

1995
1995
NFL
AFC
East
3rd
9
7
0
Lost Wild Card Playoffs (at Bills) 22–37

1996
1996
NFL
AFC
East
4th
8
8
0

Jimmy Johnson

1997
1997
NFL
AFC
East
2nd
9
7
0
Lost Wild Card Playoffs (at Patriots) 3–17

1998
1998
NFL
AFC
East
2nd
10
6
0
Won Wild Card Playoffs (Bills) 24–17
Lost Divisional Playoffs (at Broncos) 3–38
Dan Marino (WPMOY)

1999
1999
NFL
AFC
East
3rd
9
7
0
Won Wild Card Playoffs (at Seahawks) 20–17
Lost Divisional Playoffs (at Jaguars) 7–62

2000
2000
NFL
AFC
East
1st
11
5
0
Won Wild Card Playoffs (Colts) 23–17 (OT)
Lost Divisional Playoffs (at Raiders) 0–27

Dave Wannstedt

2001
2001
NFL
AFC
East
2nd
11
5
0
Lost Wild Card Playoffs (Ravens) 3–20

2002
2002
NFL
AFC
East
3rd
9
7
0

Ricky Williams (PB MVP)

2003
2003
NFL
AFC
East
2nd
10
6
0

2004
2004
NFL
AFC
East
4th
4
12
0

Dave Wannstedt (1–8)
Jim Bates (3–4)

2005
2005
NFL
AFC
East
2nd
9
7
0

Nick Saban

2006
2006
NFL
AFC
East
4th
6
10
0

Jason Taylor (DPOY)

2007
2007
NFL
AFC
East
4th
1
15
0

Jason Taylor (WPMOY)
Cam Cameron

2008
2008
NFL
AFC
East
1st
11
5
0
Lost Wild Card Playoffs (Ravens) 9–27
Chad Pennington (CBPOY)
Tony Sparano

2009
2009
NFL
AFC
East
3rd
7
9
0

2010
2010
NFL
AFC
East
3rd
7
9
0

2011
2011
NFL
AFC
East
3rd
6
10
0

Brandon Marshall (PB MVP)
Tony Sparano (4–9)
Todd Bowles (2–1)

2012
2012
NFL
AFC
East
2nd
7
9
0

Joe Philbin

2013
2013
NFL
AFC
East
3rd
8
8
0

2014
2014
NFL
AFC
East
3rd
8
8
0

2015
2015
NFL
AFC
East
4th
6
10
0

Joe Philbin (1–3)
Dan Campbell (5–7)

2016
2016
NFL
AFC
East
2nd
10
6
0
Lost Wild Card Playoffs (at Steelers) 12–30

Adam Gase

2017
2017
NFL
AFC
East
3rd
6
10
0

Totals
445
351
4
All-time regular season record (1960–2017)

20
21
0
All-time postseason record (1960–2017)

465
372
4
All-time regular & postseason record (1960–2017)

text: Note: Statistics are correct through the end of the 2017 NFL season.

text: 1 Due to a strike-shortened season in 1982, all teams were ranked by conference instead of division.


document_title: Issues of the American Civil War

question_text: what was the main issue in the civil war

text: Issues of the American Civil War

text: Economic Issues[edit]

text: The deep institution of slavery was the major cause of the American Civil War, with the South seceding to form a new country to protect slavery, and the North refusing to allow that. Historians generally agree that other economic conflicts were not a major cause of the war. Economic historian Lee A. Craig reports, "In fact, numerous studies by economic historians the past several decades reveal that economic conflict was not an inherent condition of North-South relations during the antebellum era and did not cause the Civil War."[1] When numerous groups tried at the last minute in 1860–61 to find a compromise to avert war, they did not turn to economic policies.[2]

text: Regional economic differences[edit]

text: The South, Midwest, and Northeast had quite different world structures. They traded with each other and each became more prosperous by staying in the Union, a point many businessmen made in 1860–61. However, Charles A. Beard in the 1920s made a highly influential argument to the effect that these differences caused the war (rather than slavery or constitutional debates). He saw the industrial Northeast forming a coalition with the agrarian Midwest against the Plantation South. Critics pointed out that his image of a unified Northeast was incorrect because the region was highly diverse with many different competing economic interests. In 1860–61, most business interests in the Northeast opposed war. After 1950, only a few mainstream historians accepted the Beard interpretation, though it was accepted by libertarian economists.[3] As Historian Kenneth Stamp— who abandoned Beardism after 1950 — sums up the scholarly consensus:[4] "Most historians...now see no compelling reason why the divergent economies of the North and South should have led to disunion and civil war; rather, they find stronger practical reasons why the sections, whose economies neatly complemented one another, should have found it advantageous to remain united."[5]

text: Tariffs[edit]

text: The Southerners in Congress set the federal tariffs on imported goods, especially the low tariff rates in 1857; this led to resentment by Northern industrialists. Controversy over whether slavery was at the root of the tariff issue dates back at least as far as the Lincoln-Douglas debates of 1858.[6] During the debate at Alton, Lincoln said that slavery was the root cause of the Nullification crisis over a tariff, while his challenger Stephen Douglas disagreed. John C. Calhoun, who led South Carolina's attempt to nullify a tariff, supported tariffs and internal improvements at first, but came to oppose them in the 1820s as sectional tensions between North and South grew along with the increasingly sectional nature of slavery. Calhoun was a plantation owner who helped develop the positive good theory of slavery.[7] Also, Calhoun said that slavery was the cause of the Nullification Crisis.[8] While most leaders of Southern secession in 1860 mentioned slavery as the cause, Robert Rhett was a free trade extremist who opposed the tariff. However, Rhett was also a slavery extremist who wanted the Constitution of the Confederacy to legalize the African Slave Trade.[9] Republicans also saw support for a Homestead Act, a higher tariff and a transcontinental railroad as a flank attack on the slave power.[10] There were enough Southern Senators in the U. S. Senate to keep the tariff low after 1846.[11] Even when the tariff was higher three decades before the war, only South Carolina revolted, and the issue was nullification, not secession. The tariff was much lower by 1861. When the Confederacy was formed it set a very high 15% tariff on all imports, including imports from the United States.

text: Free labor vs. pro-slavery arguments[edit]

text: Historian Eric Foner has argued that a free-labor ideology dominated thinking in the North, which emphasized economic opportunity. By contrast, Southerners described free labor as "greasy mechanics, filthy operators, small-fisted farmers, and moonstruck theorists".[12] They strongly opposed the homestead laws that were proposed to give free farms in the west, fearing the small farmers would oppose plantation slavery. Indeed, opposition to homestead laws was far more common in secessionist rhetoric than opposition to tariffs.[13]

text: Economic status of ex-slaves[edit]

text: The Union government set up the Freedmen's Bureau to supervise and protect the legal and economic status of the freed slaves. It operated across the former slave states 1865-1872. Proposals were made to seize Confederate property and give land ("Forty acres and a mule") to freedmen, but Congress never approved.[14]

text: States' rights issues[edit]

text: Questions such as whether the Union was older than the states or the other way around fueled the debate over states' rights. Whether the federal government was supposed to have substantial powers or whether it was merely a voluntary federation of sovereign states added to the controversy. According to historian Kenneth M. Stampp, each section used states' rights arguments when convenient, and shifted positions when convenient.[15]

text: Stampp mentioned Confederate Vice President Alexander Stephens' A Constitutional View of the Late War Between the States as an example of a Southern leader who said that slavery was the "cornerstone of the Confederacy" when the war began and then said that the war was not about slavery but states' rights after Southern defeat. Stampp said that Stephens became one of the most ardent defenders of the Lost Cause.[16]

text: The historian William C. Davis also mentioned inconsistencies in Southern states' rights arguments. He explained the Confederate Constitution's protection of slavery at the national level as follows:

text: To the old Union they had said that the Federal power had no authority to interfere with slavery issues in a state. To their new nation they would declare that the state had no power to interfere with a federal protection of slavery. Of all the many testimonials to the fact that slavery, and not states rights, really lay at the heart of their movement, this was the most eloquent of all.[17]

text: States' rights and slavery in the territories[edit]

text: The "States' rights" debate cut across the issues. Southerners argued that the federal government was strictly limited and could not abridge the rights of states as reserved in the Tenth Amendment, and so had no power to prevent slaves from being carried into new territories. States' rights advocates also cited the fugitive slave clause to demand federal jurisdiction over slaves who escaped into the North. Anti-slavery forces took reversed stances on these issues. The fugitive slave clause in the Constitution was the result of compromises between North and South when the Constitution was written. It was later strengthened by the fugitive slave law that was part of the Compromises of 1850. The Southern politician and states' rights advocate John C. Calhoun regarded the territories as the "common property" of sovereign states, and said that Congress was acting merely as the "joint agents" of the states.[18]

text: States' rights and minority rights[edit]

text: States' rights theories were a response to the fact that the Northern population was growing much faster than the population of the South, which meant that it was only a matter of time before the North controlled the federal government. Southerners were acting as a "conscious minority", and hoped that a strict constructionist interpretation of the Constitution would limit federal power over the states, and that a defense of states' rights against federal encroachments or even nullification or secession would save the South.[19] Before 1860 most presidents were either Southern or pro-South. The North's growing population would mean the election of pro-North presidents, and the addition of free-soil states would end Southern parity with the North in the Senate. As the historian Allan Nevins described the Southern politician John C. Calhoun's theory of states' rights, "Governments, observed Calhoun, were formed to protect minorities, for majorities could take care of themselves".[20]

text: Jefferson Davis stated that a "disparaging discrimination" and a fight for "liberty" against "the tyranny of an unbridled majority" gave the Confederate states a right to secede.[21] In 1860, Congressman Laurence M. Keitt of South Carolina said, "The anti-slavery party contend that slavery is wrong in itself, and the Government is a consolidated national democracy. We of the South contend that slavery is right, and that this is a confederate Republic of sovereign States."[22]

text: The South's chosen leader, Jefferson Davis, defined equality in terms of the equal rights of states,[23] and opposed the declaration that all men are created equal.[24] The Constitution does include states' rights elements in that each state has the same number of Senators, and certain rights are reserved to the states or to the people. Southerners such as Davis interpreted these rights as a shield against a numerical majority of Northerners.

text: Clarification of causes[edit]

text: When the Civil War began, neither civil rights nor voting rights for blacks were stated as goals by the North. They became important afterward during Reconstruction. At first, though there was pressure to do so, not even the abolition of slavery was stated as a goal. While controversy over the morality of slavery could be contained, it was the issue of the expansion of slavery into the territories that made the conflict irrepressible.[25] Slavery was at the root of economic, moral and political differences[26] that led to control issues, states' rights and secession.

text: Slavery greatly increased the likelihood of secession[27] which in turn made war probable, irrespective of the North's stated war aims, which at first addressed strategic military concerns as opposed to ultimate political and Constitutional ones. Hostilities began as an attempt, from the Northern perspective, to defend the nation after it was attacked at Fort Sumter. Lincoln's war goals evolved as the war progressed. Lincoln mentioned the need for national unity in his March 1861 inaugural address after seven states had already declared their secession. At first Lincoln stressed the Union as a war goal to unite the War Democrats, border states and Republicans. In 1862 he added emancipation because it permanently removed the divisive issue of slavery that caused secession, an issue that Lincoln said was "somehow the cause of the war".[28] In his 1863 Gettysburg Address he added preserving democracy to emancipation and the Union as a war goal.

text: Related issues[edit]

text: Hinton Rowan Helper's book The Impending Crisis of the South, was banned in the South and publicized by Northern Republicans. Helper, a native of North Carolina, argued in his book that slavery was bad for the economic prospects of poor white Southerners.[29] Southern Courts refused to convict the owners of illegal slave ships such as the Echo and the Wanderer, even though hundreds of kidnapped Africans could die on a single voyage.[30] A significant number of Southern politicians attempted to relegalize the African slave trade[31][32] and pass laws that would require every free black in the South to choose a master or mistress. Pro-slavery literature dominated the Southern media to the extent that famous Southern writers and poets didn't emerge until after the war.

text: Many people on both sides of the war (with exceptions including Robert E. Lee and William T. Sherman) thought that the war would be short at first. Nineteenth-century Americans didn't believe in peacetime armies, and the process of building armies was time consuming. War profiteers sold badly made equipment and rancid food at high prices when the war began.

text: Confederate guerrillas or bushwhackers such as William Quantrill, Bloody Bill Anderson, the Younger Brothers and Jesse and Frank James killed pro-Union civilians in Missouri and Lawrence, Kansas. There were also attacks on Southern civilians by pro-Union Jayhawkers.

text: The germ theory was rejected by the medical establishment until after the war, and a large number of soldier deaths were caused by this. Army surgeons used the same saw to amputate limbs of different soldiers without cleaning or sterilizing, and, although some anesthesia existed, it was rarely used, and many injured soldiers had to drink liquor or bite leather or a bullet during amputations.

text: The North had its share of problems with desertion, bounty jumpers, and the New York Draft Riot. The South had even greater problems with desertion, especially during the last two years of the war.

text: The vagaries of 19th-century law allowed some (including Union soldiers Daniel Sickles and Jefferson C. Davis and Southern secessionist William Yancey) to get away with murder, and required the execution of soldiers who fell asleep at their posts or for desertion. Lincoln pardoned many of the latter group of soldiers.

text: Jefferson C. Davis (not to be confused with Confederate President Jefferson Davis) was especially notorious. He shot fellow Union soldier William "Bull" Nelson during an argument, and later pulled up a bridge to keep emancipated slaves from following Sherman's army. Trapped ex-slaves were then killed by Confederate Wheeler's army, and others drowned trying to flee into Ebeneezer Creek.

text: Women who raised money for a sanitary fair needed the written permission of their husbands to send the money to Union hospitals. Any money a married woman had legally belonged to her husband.

text: There were many flag controversies. The original Confederate flag was the Stars and Bars, which looked similar to the Union Stars and Stripes and caused confusion on battle fields. The Stars and Bars was replaced with the Stainless Banner, which was mostly white, and was sometimes mistaken for a white flag of surrender when the wind was down. Near the end of the war, a red vertical bar was added to the right edge of the flag to show that the South would never surrender, although this flag was quickly followed by Appomattox and Confederate defeat. The Confederacy had other flags as well, including the Bonnie Blue Flag. The Confederate Battle Flag was originally the flag of the Army of Northern Virginia, and was square.

text: Modern Confederate flag controversies include the Confederate Battle Flag design that was added to the Georgia state flag as a protest against civil rights for blacks. Decades later, Georgia flaggers claimed that the Confederate Battle Flag design was a symbol of Southern heritage, although others saw it as a symbol of the Klan and slavery. The flag was redesigned by governor Barnes and redesigned again with the Stars and Bars replacing the Confederate Battle Flag on the Georgia state flag. South Carolina had a Confederate Battle Flag first above and then next to the state capitol, which stirred controversy that local newspapers referred to as the "flag flap"; it was removed after extensive local debate and a 2/3 vote of both houses of the South Carolina Legislature. Mississippi residents voted[when?] to keep the controversial Confederate Battle Flag as part of the Mississippi state flag.