document_title: The Bold and the Beautiful characters (2015)

question_text: where is maya's sister on bold and beautiful

question_tokens: where is maya 's sister on bold and beautiful

text: Nicole Avant[edit]

text:
Nicole AvantThe Bold and the Beautiful characterPortrayed by
Reign EdwardsDuration
2015–First appearance
January 16, 2015Introduced by
Bradley BellClassification
Present; recurringProfileOther names
Nicole ForresterOccupation
Jewelry model for Forrester Creations  Former College student at the University of California at Los AngelesHome
Paris, France
showFamilyFather
Julius AvantMother
Vivienne AvantSisters
Maya AvantHalf-sisters
Sasha ThompsonHusband
Zende Forrester Dominguez (2017–)Daughters
Lizzy ForresterGrandfathers
Myron AvantUncles
Claude AvantAunts
Maisie Avant  Caroline  CarleenNieces
Lizzy Forrester (legal)First cousins
Alexander Avant

text: Nicole Avant, played by Reign Edwards, first appeared January 16, 2015.[1] The character and casting was announced on December 2, 2014.[2] Edwards auditioned for the part and noted that she was the youngest there. Despite feeling good about her audition, she did not expect to be cast.[2] As of May 2018, Edwards is on recurring capacity with the soap.[3]

text: Nicole is the younger sister of established character Maya Avant (Karla Mosley).[2] Edwards said the sisters share a few similarities, but they would "have their differences".[2] She added "I think Nicole is going to bring something pretty cool to the table for everybody."[2]

text: Nicole turns up at Forrester Creations looking for her older sister, Maya. She later finds her at the house, and explains she is now living in LA and attending UCLA. Weeks later, Nicole returns and asks Maya if she can stay with her, as she has lost her apartment. Maya's partner, Rick Forrester (Jacob Young), tells her she can stay with them, but Maya says Nicole is fine and sees her out. Nicole later returns and Rick invites her to move in, after learning she is staying on a friend's couch. Nicole and Maya talk and attempt to reconcile their differences. During a confrontation, Nicole tells Maya that she knows she was born a boy named Myron and has transitioned.

text: Sasha Thompson[edit]

text:
Sasha ThompsonThe Bold and the Beautiful characterPortrayed by
Felisha CooperDuration
2015–17First appearance
December 14, 2015Last appearance
February 15, 2017Introduced by
Bradley BellClassification
Former; recurringProfileOther names
Sasha AvantOccupation
Model for Forrester InternationalHome
Paris, France
showFamilyFather
Julius AvantMother
Lucy ThompsonStepmother
Vivienne AvantHalf-sisters
Maya AvantNicole AvantGrandfathers
Myron AvantUncles
Claude AvantAunts
Maisie AvantNieces
Lizzy ForresterFirst cousins
Alexander Avant

text: Sasha Thompson, played by Felisha Cooper, first appeared December 14, 2015.[4] In January 2017, Cooper was put on recurring status with the show.[5]

text:
Sasha arrives in Los Angeles and is reunited with the Avant family. While Vivienne Avant (Anna Maria Horsford) is delighted to see her, Julius Avant (Obba Babatundé) seems bothered that she unexpectedly shows up. When Vivienne leaves for a job interview at the DMV, Sasha and Julius have a somewhat awkward yet very tense conversation. Julius countless times tells Sasha to go back home to Chicago, but Sasha insists she stay in town.
Soon, Sasha is reunited with her childhood best friend, Nicole Avant (Reign Edwards). Nicole brings Sasha over to Forrester Creations to give her the tour and to introduce to her boyfriend Zende Forrester Dominguez (Rome Flynn). Nicole also reveals to Sasha that she is pregnant, serving as the surrogate for Rick Forrester (Jacob Young) and Maya Avant (Karla Mosley).

text: When Nicole leaves for a moment, Sasha eyes an elegant dress and decides to try it on. While she begins changing, Zende walks in and believes Nicole is behind the changing wall but is stunned to see Sasha wearing only her bra and underwear. Sasha begins showing interest in Zende, not knowing that who he is and he is dating Nicole.

text: Later on, Sasha arrives at the Forrester mansion and is reunited with the entire Avant family, including Maya. Julius continues to show disgust that Sasha is in town and once again tells her to leave and go back home, but Sasha refuses every time. Sasha then reveals that she and Julius share a secret of which the rest of the family isn't aware.

text: Sasha stops by the motel to visit Vivienne, but she has to run out to the store. While alone, Sasha and Julius continue their bickering. On December 21, during another argument, Sasha reminds Julius that they are father and daughter.

text: Sasha gets involved with Zende after he leaves Nicole, but no one accepts their relationship. After a confrontation with Nicole about Zende, Sasha reveals to her that they are half-sisters. Nicole accepts her into the family, but Julius and Vivienne split up for a while when she realizes he had an affair with Sasha's mother.

text: When Nicole gives birth Rick and Maya's daughter, Lizzy, Zende decides to reunite with her. Knowing that Zende and Nicole are getting to back together, Sasha tells them that she is pregnant. She then confesses that she was lying and Zende dumps her. After a family meeting and much soul-searching, Nicole, Vivienne and Maya forgive Julius and Sasha for their lies.

text: Sasha continues her work at Forrester Creations and she gets closer to Thomas Forrester (Pierson Fodé) when he defends her from Julius' verbal attack and Sasha thanks Thomas with a kiss. Sasha and Thomas start to dating, but Nicole thinks Thomas still has feelings for his babymama, Caroline Spencer (Linsey Godfrey). When Caroline returns in town with Thomas' son, Douglas Forrester, wanting the three of them to be a family, Sasha ends things with Thomas, not wishing to stand between him and his child.

text: Sasha returns in Zende's orbit again when Maya and Rick want Nicole to carry a baby for them a second time. Sasha supports Zende, who doesn't approve at the idea of coming in second to Nicole's surrogacy again. Sasha gets a surprise trip to Hawaii when a drunk Zende whisks her away upon hearing that Nicole is going through with the surrogacy. On the plane ride home, Sasha and Zende kiss and then made love; but Nicole, who has changed her mind, catches them together. Sasha apologizes but defended Zende's position; when Nicole refuses Zende's repeated marriage proposals, Sasha tells Nicole she still wants Zende and asks him where things stand between them, but Zende clarifies his heart is with Nicole.

text: Months later, hearing Nicole has finally agreed to marry Zende, Sasha asks Nicole for forgiveness, wanting to be a family again. Nicole forgives her and Sasha attends at Nicole and Zende's wedding, watching them exchanged vows and gives them her blessing.

text: Sasha gets a job promotion and moves in Paris.

text: Others[edit]

text:
Date(s)

Character

Actor

Circumstances

March 11–12

Diane

Jill Whelan[6]

Diane is the group counselor conducts an AA meeting, that Brooke Logan attends when she believes she has developed a drinking problem. Deacon Sharpe also attends the meeting, and Diane invites him to speak.

May 8–August 12

Nick

Scott Turner Schofield[7]

Nick is Maya Avant's mentor and best friend. He supports her when the press and her partner Rick Forrester learns that she is a transgender woman. He makes the marriage officiant at Rick and Maya's wedding.

June 9–19

McCaffrey

Vincent Duvall

McCaffrey is a federal agent who comes to Forrester Creations to give Ivy Forrester deportation papers. He returns after learning that Ivy married Liam Spencer and tells her that he will be checking into the validity of her marriage.

June 29–

Charlotte

Camelia Somers[8]

Charlotte is an intern at Forrester Creations. Briefly involved with Thomas Forrester and then interested in Wyatt Spencer, but he rejected her because he fell in love with Katie Logan.

July 3–

Vivienne Avant

Anna Maria Horsford[9]

Vivienne and Julius are the parents of Maya Avant and Nicole Avant. While Vivienne is accepting of Maya being transgender, Julius is more critical with his comments bordering on transphobia. Secretly Julius has another daughter, Sasha Thompson, with his neighbor and friend Lucy.

July 9–

Julius Avant

Obba Babatundé[9]


document_title: List of supporting characters in ER

question_text: who played dr greene's daughter on er

question_tokens: who played dr greene 's daughter on er

root

text: List of supporting characters in ER

text: Desk clerks and other non-medical hospital staff[edit]

text:
Actor/Actress

Character Position

Character Name

Years of Appearance

Reiko Aylesworth

Hospital Chaplain

Julia Dupree

2007–2008

Abraham Benrubi

Desk Clerk

Jerry Markovic

1994–1999; 2002–2006; 2008–2009

Jesse Borrego

Desk Clerk

Javier

2007–2008

Andrew Bowen

Desk Clerk Temp

Andrew "Andy"

1999–2000

Akosua Busia

Hospital cafeteria worker and wife of Mobalage

Kobe "Kubby" Ekabo

1999

Jordan Calloway

Volunteer

K.J. Thibeaux

2005–2006

Julie Delpy

Runner for Central Supplies and Luka's girlfriend

Nicole

2001

Troy Evans

Desk Clerk

Frank Martin

2000–2009

Małgorzata Gebel

ER Aide/Desk Clerk; Former Vascular Surgeon in Poland

Bogdana "Bob" Liwecki

1994–1995

Robert Gossett

Hospital Board Member

Dr Everett Daniels

2008

Mariska Hargitay

Desk Clerk, also Mark Greene's lover

Cynthia Hooper

1997–1998

Djimon Hounsou

Custodian

Mobalage Ekabo

1999

David Joyner

Dialysis Technician

2004–2006

Kristin Minter

Desk Clerk

Miranda "Randi" Fronczak

1995–2003

Rolando Molina

Desk Clerk

Rolando

1995–1996

Charles Noland

Desk Clerk/Trainee Nurse

E Ray Bozman

1995–1997

Glenn Plummer

Desk Clerk

Timmy Rawlins

1994–1995, 2006–2007

Moira Price

Surgical Night Clerk

Liza

2005

Pamela Sinha

Desk Clerk

Amira

1999–2001, 2003–2005

Lisa Zane

Risk Management Administrator & Doug Ross's girlfriend

Diane Leeds

1995

tag: table

text: Family members and friends[edit]

text:
Actor/Actress

Character Position

Character Name

Years of Appearance

Khandi Alexander

Sister to Peter Benton

Jackie Robbins

1995–2001

Bonnie Bartlett

Mother of Mark Greene. Died early in Season 6.

Ruth Greene

1997–1998

Michael Beach

Husband of Jeanie Boulet. Contracted HIV, unwittingly passed it on to Jeanie, died offscreen of AIDS in 2008.

Al Boulet (role played earlier by Bodison)

1995–1997

Wolfgang Bodison

Husband of Jeanie Boulet

Al Boulet (role later played by Beach)

1995

Julie Bowen

Girlfriend of John Carter. In Season 5, Carter dated her but then contrived an excuse to break up with her.

Roxanne Please

1998–1999

Lisa Nicole Carson

Girlfriend of Peter Benton. Claimed he was the father of her baby, later said he wasn't (which was true) and tried to take Reese away from him but failed to. Later became erratic and vindictive before she died in an auto accident.

Carla Reece

1996–2001

Kieu Chinh

Mother of Jing-Mei Chen

Lin Chen

2003

George Kee Cheung

Father of Jing-Mei Chen (later played by Henry O)

Mr. Chen. Suffered permanently debilitating injuries in a car crash in China that killed his wife. Later euthanized by Jing-Mei.

2003–2004

John Cullum

Father of Mark Greene, a military veteran who finally reconciled with his son before dying late in Season 6.

David Greene

1997–2000

Steven Culp

Boyfriend of Elizabeth Corday

Dave Spencer

2004

Oliver Davis

Son of Samantha Taggart

Alex Taggart (later played by Dominic Janes)

2003–2005

Rebecca De Mornay

Carter's cousin's ex-wife

Elaine Nichols

1999

Garret Dillahunt

Ex-husband of Samantha Taggart (Earlier played by Cole Hauser)

Steve Curtis

2005–2006

Paul Dooley

Father of Susan Lewis, proved to be a much better parent than his asshole wife.

Henry Lewis

1995–1996; 2004

James Farentino

Father of Doug Ross

Ray Ross. A charming man with issues not unlike the son he was never a father to. Died in a car accident in 1997.

1996

Sally Field

Mother of Abby Lockhart

Maggie Wyczenski

2000–2006

Frances Fisher

Mother of Kerry Weaver

Helen Kingsley. A born-again Christian who gave Kerry up for adoption after giving birth as a teenager. Could not accept Kerry's homosexuality, leading Kerry to not pursue any further contact with her.

2005

Paul Freeman

Father of Elizabeth Corday

Dr Charles Corday

1998, 2001–2002

Danny Glover

Father of Greg Pratt

Charlie Pratt. Greg's long-lost father, who Greg located and tried to forgive for abandoning him, but ultimately couldn't do so.

2005

Rose Gregorio

Mother of Carol Hathaway, who initially hated Doug and constantly undermined and fought with her daughter, but later was a good and loved parent.

Helen Hathaway

1996–1999

Michael Gross

Father of John Carter. Ineffectual man whom his son loved but didn't respect.

John "Jack" Carter Jr.

2001–2004

Vondie Curtis-Hall

Husband of Carla Reece (Earlier played by Victor Williams)

Roger McGrath

2001

Estelle Harris

Mother of Jerry Markovic

Mrs. Markovic

2006

Christine Harnos

Mark Greene's wife, then ex-wife

Jennifer "Jenn" Greene-Simon. Constantly bemoaned Mark's low-paying, high stress ER career and his refusal to take lucrative jobs elsewhere. Eventually left him, filed for divorce, and married someone else. Not much of a mother to Rachel, disappeared for good after Mark died.

1994–1996, 1996–1998, 2001–2002

Cole Hauser

Ex-husband of Samantha Taggart

Steve Curtis

2004

Rebecca Jane Hazlewood

Cousin of Neela Rasgotra

Jaspreet

2008

Marg Helgenberger

Doug Ross's girlfriend & his father's boss

Karen Hines

1996

Hallee Hirsh

Daughter of Mark Greene (Earlier played by Yvonne Zima)

Rachel Greene

2001–2002; 2004; 2009

Ernie Hudson

Father of Michael Gallant

Colonel James Gallant

2006

Michelle Hurd

Girlfriend of Kerri Weaver

Courtney Brown

2006–2007

Dominic Janes

Son of Samantha Taggart

Alex Taggart

2005–2009

Stacy Keach

Father of Tony Gates

Mike Gates

2007

Chloe Greenfield

Adoptive daughter of Tony Gates

Sarah Riley

2006–2009

Anupam Kher

Father of Neela Rasgotra

Ajay Rasgotra

2004

Kiron Kher

Mother of Neela Rasgotra

Mrs. Rasgotra

2004

Nancy Kwan

Mother of Jing-Mei Chen

Lin Chen

2000

Piper Laurie

Mother of Doug Ross

Sarah Ross

1995–1996

Amy Madigan

Mother of Samantha Taggart

Mary Taggart

2009

Rosalee Mayeux

Mother of Ray Barnett

Jacy Barnett

2007

Mary McDonnell

Mother of John Carter

Eleanor Carter (née Ferguson)

2001

Andrew McFarlane

Nephew of Peter Benton

Jesse Robbins

2000

Trevor Morgan

Son of Donald Anspaugh

Scott Anspaugh

1998

Thandie Newton

Girlfriend and later wife of John Carter

Makemba "Kem" Likasu-Carter. Met John on a medical relief mission in the Congo. Fell in love with him and planned to be with him in Chicago, but their relationship never recovered after their son died in utero.

2003–2005; 2009

Bruce Nozick

2nd husband of Jennifer "Jenn" Greene-Simon

Craig Simon

1995–1996

Judy Parfitt

Mother of Elizabeth Corday

Isabelle Corday

2000–2002

Andrea Parker

Girlfriend of Doug Ross

Linda Farrell

1994–1995

Valerie Perrine

Mother of Susan Lewis

Cookie Lewis. A selfish, self-centered woman who constantly enabled Chloe and disappointed Susan.

1995

Zoran Radanovich

Brother of Luka Kovač

Niko Kovač

2007

Sheryl Lee Ralph

Mother of Michael Gallant

Gloria Gallant

2006

Beah Richards

Mother of Peter Benton

Mae Benton

1994–1995

Ving Rhames

Brother-in-law to Peter Benton

Walter Robbins

1994–1996

Jonathan Scarfe

Cousin of John Carter

Chase Carter. Spoiled rotten young man who fell into heroin addiction and was left nearly vegetative after an overdose, but was last shown having improved greatly and being able to function in a limited manner.

1997–1998, 2001

Tom Everett Scott

Brother of Abby Lockhart

Eric Wyczenski

2002–2003

Lois Smith

Grandmother of Samantha Taggart

Gracie

2007

Frances Sternhagen

Grandmother of John Carter

Millicent "Gamma" Carter

1997–2003

Marcello Thedford

Brother of Greg Pratt

Leon Pratt

2002–2003

Mark Valley

Ex-husband of Abby Lockhart

Richard Lockhart

2000–2003

Renée Victor

Mother-in-law of Kerry Weaver

Florina Lopez

2004

Gwynyth Walsh

Mother of Lucy Knight

Barbara Knight

2000

Fred Ward

Father of Abby Lockhart

Eddie Wyczenski

2006–2007

Matthew Watkins

Son of Peter Benton

Reese Benton

1999–2001; 2009

Kathleen Wilhoite

Sister of Susan Lewis

Chloe Lewis

1994–1996; 2002

Victor Williams

Husband of Carla Reece (Later played by Vondie Curtis-Hall)

Roger McGrath

1998–2001

Shannon Woodward

Sister of Samantha Taggart

Kelly Taggart

2009

Yvonne Zima

Daughter of Mark Greene (Later played by Hallee Hirsh)

Rachel Greene

1994–2000

Actress uncredited

Sister of Lucien Dubenko

Victoria Dubenko

2006

text: Fire fighters, paramedics, police officers, and social workers[edit]

text:
Actor/Actress

Character Position

Character Name

Years of Appearance

Mädchen Amick

Social Worker

Wendall Meade

2004–2005

Christopher Amitrano

Police Officer

Officer Hollis

2006–2009

Michelle Bonilla

Paramedic

Christine Harms

1999—2009

Scott Michael Campbell

EMT

Reilly Brown

1996

Claudine Claudio

Paramedic

Silva

2000–2001

Brendan Patrick Connor

Paramedic

Reidy

2006–2008

Elliot Durant III

Paramedic

Anders

2004, 2009

George Eads

Paramedic

Greg Powell

1997–1998

Ron Eldard

Paramedic. Carol's boyfriend in Season 2, before they broke up because the tragic death of his partner led to Shep becoming violent and scary and he refused to get help or deal with it.

Ray "Shep" Shepard

1995–1996

Julie Ann Emery

Paramedic

Nikki

2001–2003

Mike Genovese

Police Officer

Al Grabarsky

1995–1996, 1998–2000

Erica Gimpel

Social Services Liaison

Adele Newman

1997–2003

Carlos Gómez

Paramedic

Raul Melendez

1995–1996

Lynn A. Henderson

Paramedic

Pamela Olbes

1995–2009

Tara Karsian

Social Worker

Liz Dade

2005–2006, 2007, 2008–2009

Daniel Dae Kim

Social Worker

Ken Sung

2003–2004

Ed Lauter

Fire Captain

Dannaker

1998–2002

Brian Lester

Paramedic

Brian Dumar

1996—2009

Louie Liberti

Paramedic

Tony Bardelli

2003—2009

Joe Manganiello

Police Officer

Officer Litchman

2007

Chad McKnight

Police Officer

Officer Wilson

1995, 1996, 1999–2000, 2001–2004, 2006

Michele Morgan

Paramedic and Dr. Corday's patient

Allison Beaumont

1997—1998

Demetrius Navarro

Paramedic

Morales

1998—2009

Bobby Nish

Police officer

Danny Yau

2005–2006

Vyto Ruginis

Paramedic

Wright

2006—2007

Monté Russell

Paramedic

Dwight Zadro

1995—2009

Lisa Vidal

Firefighter

CFD Lt. Sandy Lopez

2001–2004

Emily Wagner

Paramedic

Doris Pickman

1994—2009

Cress Williams

Police officer and boyfriend/husband of Jeanie Boulet

Reggie Moore

1998–2000; 2008

“Faceman” Lowe

Paramedic

Chris  Lowe

1999?

text: Notable patients[edit]

text:
Actor/Actress

Character Position

Character Name

Years of Appearance

Paul Benjamin

Junk Dealer, Greene's patient

Al Irving

1994, 2002

Red Buttons

Carter's patient

Jules 'Ruby' Rubadoux. Carter benevolently but foolishly lied to him about his wife Sophie's terminal condition, leading to Ruby refusing to listen to Carter, but 10 years later when Ruby returned to the ER he and Carter were able to mend fences somewhat.

1995, 2005

Rosemary Clooney

Alzheimer's disease patient

Mary Cavanaugh a.k.a. "Madam X"

1994

James Cromwell

Catholic Bishop and patient of Luka Kovač

Bishop Stewart

2001

Kirsten Dunst

Teen prostitute and Doug Ross's patient

Charlene "Charlie" Chiemienga

1996–1997

Joanna Gleason

Allergy patient, Infomercial Director, and briefly Mark Greene's romance interest

Iris

1996

Dan Hedaya

Lawyer and patient

Herb Spivak. Helped Mark fend off a civil lawsuit, later returned having lost all his money in a dot-com bust.

1997, 2005

Swoosie Kurtz

Tele-evangelist and patient

Tina Marie Chambliss

1998

David Krumholtz

Schizophrenic patient who in a psychotic break stabbed both John Carter and Lucy Knight, the wounds leaving Carter injured and with life-long kidney problems and eventually resulted in Lucy's death.

Paul Sobricki

2000, 2002

Mary Mara

Originally a prostitute; later Secretary/Cancer patient

Loretta Sweet

1995–1996

Bob Newhart

Architect who is gradually going blind; patient of Dr. Lewis

Ben Hollander

2003

Sam Vlahos

Homeless man and frequent patient in ER

Pablo

1997–1998; 2000–2003

James Woods

ALS (Lou Gehrig's disease) patient, Abby Lockheart's teacher in medical school

Dr. Nate Lennox

2006

Josh Radnor

Alderman Bright's lover who contracted Syphilis and was treated under the table by Kerry Weaver

Keith. Because he was unaware of either Bright's condition or his own allergies, he died after having a bad reaction to penicillin.

2003

Bruce Weitz

Alderman for City of Chicago and patient of Kerry Weaver for Syphilis

Alderman John Bright

2003

text: Others[edit]

text:
Actor/Actress

Character Position

Character Name

Years of Appearance

Susan Sarandon

Grandmother of a boy who died in an accident. Gave Doug and Carol permission to harvest his kidney, which ended up being used for John Carter's successful transplant.

Nora

2009

Ray Liotta

A dying patient gives an insight into the regrets he has about his wasted life, with Greg Pratt going from hostility towards him (he reminds Pratt of his own, absentee father) to compassion as he dies over the course of an hour.

Charlie Metcalf

2004

Lucy Liu

Mother of a little boy who has AIDS

Mei-Sun Leow

1995

Jake Lloyd

Son of the patient Loretta Sweet

Jimmy Sweet

1996

Ewan McGregor

Holds up a convenience store with hostages including Carol Hathaway

Duncan Stewart

1997

Joe Torry

Sues Mark Greene after his brother dies; a suspect in Greene's beating but isn't responsible. He and Mark have a heated conversation in which both men admit they're not the reason for the other's misery.

Chris Law

1997

Bradley Whitford

Husband of a pregnant patient in Mark Greene's care

Sean O'Brien

1995

James Belushi

Father who was brought in after a car accident with his son

Dan Harris

2001

Jared Padalecki

Son who was brought in after a car accident with his father

Paul Harris

2001

text:
Shiri Appleby
Season 1, Episode 1-Teen with etopic pregnancy

tag: p

text: Secondary doctors and medical students[edit]

text:
Actor/Actress

Character Position

Character Name

Years of Appearance

Alan Alda

ER Attending Physician

Dr. Gabriel Lawrence

1999

Sam Anderson

Chief of Cardiology and member of the board. Incredibly acerbic and not friendly to the ER, but good at his job.

Dr. Jack Kayson

1994–2007

Perry Anzilotti

Anesthesiologist

Perry

1994, 1995–2002, 2003, 2004, 2006, 2008

Shiri Appleby

Intern

Dr. Daria Wade

2008–2009

Amy Aquino

Chief of Obstetrics & Gynecology. Originally introduced as a shrieking harpy who clashed with the ER and refused to help anyone there, but evolved over time into a likable doctor who helped multiple ER regulars deal with pregnancies.

Dr. Janet Coburn

1994—2009

Danny Arroyo

Medical student

Reid Mooney

2001

John Aylward

Chief of Staff (1996–1999), General surgeon and member of the board (1999–2006), Chief of Staff (2006–2009)

Dr. Donald Anspaugh

1996—2009

Jillian Bach

Medical Student

Penny Nicholson

2004–2006

Eion Bailey

Medical Student

Jake Scanlon

2004–2005

Lourdes Benedicto

Pediatrics Intern. Briefly dated Carter in Season 7.

Rena Trujillo

2001

Leslie Bibb

Medical Student, flirted with Kovac in Season 9 but was nearly killed in a car accident when he was driving.

Erin Harkins

2002–2003

Paul Blackthorne

Invasive Radiologist, had a fling with Dr. Corday.

Dr. Jeremy Lawson

2004

Alexis Bledel

Intern who was a key figure in the series finale.

Dr. Julia Wise

2009

Dennis Boutsikaris

Surgeon

Dr. David Kotlowitz

1999

Joseph Bua

Special Education Student

Boo Bradley

2001

David Brisbin

Anesthesiologist who hated Dr. Corday and vice versa.

Dr. Alexander Babcock

1998–2002

Clancy Brown

SPG Doctor and Kerry Weaver's boyfriend

Dr. Ellis West

1997–1998

L. Scott Caldwell

Director of Neo-Natology

Dr. Megan Rabb

2004, 2006

Don Cheadle

Medical Student. Turned from a successful business path after being diagnosed with Parkinson's.

Paul Nathan

2002

Megan Cole

Pathologist

Dr. Alice Upton

1996, 1998, 2000–2001, 2003

Bruno Campos

Vascular Surgeon

Dr. Eddie Dorset

2003

Joel de la Fuente

Medical student

Ivan Fu

1997

John Doman

Chief of Psychiatry

Dr. Carl DeRaad

1999–2000, 2001, 2003

Malaya Rivera Drew

Medical Student

Katy Alvaro

2006–2007

Christine Elise

Medical Student. Love Interest of Carter in Season 2. Temporarily estranged with Carter after she was drunk and slept with Ross accidentality. Later reconciled with Carter but broke up with him over his behavior when seeking surgical procedures. It was revealed that her med school tuition was sponsored by the US Air Force, so she had to join USAF and serve for 4 years after she graduated from medical school.

Harper Tracy

1995–1996

Omar Epps

Surgical Intern who constantly suffered Dr. Peter Benton's wrath although Dr. John Carter befriended him. Unfortunately, Benton's constant bullying of Gant drove Gant over the edge so much so that Gant committed suicide by jumping in front of a train. Gant's remains which were badly disfigured were later brought to County for treatment and when Gant was paged, Benton and Carter discovered to their horror that it was Gant that they were working on. Despite their best efforts, Gant eventually succumbed to his wounds and died, his death leaving Carter devastated and angry at himself and Benton for failing to see that there was something wrong with Gant.

Dr. Dennis Gant

1996–1997

Charles Esten

Orthopedic Surgeon

Dr. Barry Grossman

2007–2008

Jorja Fox

ER Intern, later resident

Dr. Maggie Doyle

1996—1999

Jami Gertz

Psychiatrist

Dr. Nina Pomerantz

1997

Sara Gilbert

ER Intern, later resident

Dr. Jane Figler

2004—2008

Matthew Glave

Surgeon. Arrogant even by surgical standards, Carter didn't like him and Peter found him to be a creep.

Dr. Dale Edson

1996–1999, 2001–2002

Jeremy Glazer

Medical Student

David

2004

Christopher Grove

Orthopeadic Surgeon

Dr. Marty Kline

2002–2003, 2006

Glenne Headly

Pediatric Surgeon

Dr. Abby Keaton

1996–1997

Justin Henry

Medical student

James Sasser

1997

Glenn Howerton

ER Resident

Dr. Nick 'Coop' Cooper

2003

Michael Ironside

Chief of Surgery and ER Chief

Dr. William 'Wild Willy' Swift

1995, 1998, 2002

Marc Jablon

Intern

Dr. Larry Western

2007–2008

Scott Jaeck

Radiologist

Dr. Steve Flint

1994–1996, 1999–2000, 2002

Julia Jones

Intern (Prev. Medical Student)

Dr. Kaya Montoya

2008–2009

James LeGros

Pediatrician and ex-boyfriend of Anna Del Amico

Dr. Max Rocher

1998

John Leguizamo

ER attending physician

Dr. Victor Clemente

2005–2006

Harry Lennix

Infectious disease specialist and briefly boyfriend of Jeanie Boulet

Dr. Greg Fischer

1997

Julia Ling

Surgical Intern

Mae Lee Park

2006–2007

Chad Lowe

Medical student, assigned to Dr. Carter in Season 4 but had no interest in doing anything ER related with his focus on medical research.

Dr. George Henry

1997, 2005

William H. Macy

Chief of Surgery and Head of the ER

Dr. David Morgenstern

1994–1998; 2009

J. P. Manoux

Junior Surgical Attending, (Formerly Chief Resident)

Dr. Dustin Crenshaw

2006–2008

Kari Matchett

Acting Chief Of Emergency Medicine

Dr. Skye Wexler

2007–2008

Mary McCormack

Doctor in Africa

Debbie

2003–2006

Gil McKinney

Intern

Dr. Paul Grady

2007—2009

Elizabeth Mitchell

Psychiatrist who was in a relationship with Kerry Weaver for a short time before being forced out by Dr. Romano's homophobia.

Dr. Kim Legaspi

2000—2001

Julian Morris

Surgical Intern

Dr. Andrew Wade

2008–2009

Leland Orser

Attending Trauma Surgeon; Chief of Surgery. Dr. Corday didn't want him to be hired (for reasons that were never clearly outlined) and he took over her position after she resigned in disgrace.

Dr. Lucien Dubenko

2004–2009

Steven Christopher Parker

Surgical Intern

Dr. Harold Zelinsky

2007—2008

Busy Philipps

Medical Student. Devout Christian who inspired Archie Morris in various ways, and dated him for a little while.

Hope Bobeck

2006–2007

Giovannie Pico

Medical Student

Ludlow

2004–2005

CCH Pounder

Surgical Attending

Dr. Angela Hicks

1994–1997

Andy Powers

ER intern

Dr. Howard Ritzke

2004

Victor Rasuk

Intern

Dr. Ryan Sanchez

2008–2009

Gina Ravera

Radiologist

Dr. Bettina DeJesus

2006–2008

Ron Rifkin

Senior Cardiovascular Surgeon. Genius and hospital rainmaker, but played with valid data on a key study and inspired action from Peter Benton.

Dr. Carl Vucelich

1995–1996

Emily Rose

Intern

Dr. Tracy Martin

2008–2009

Rick Rossovich

Orthopedic Surgeon

Dr. John "Tag" Taglieri

1994–1995

Dahlia Salem

Surgical Chief Resident

Dr. Jessica Albright

2005–2006

Eddie Shin

Medical student

Stanley Mao

2001

Michael B. Silver

Psychiatrist

Dr. Paul Myers

1995, 1997–2000, 2003, 2005, 2008

Britain Spellings

ER intern

Dr. Sackowitz

2005

Maury Sterling

Psychiatrist

Dr. Nelson

2004, 2006

Kim Strauss

Anesthesiologist

Ari

2005–2007

Rossif Sutherland

Medical student. In Season 10, was assigned to the ER; the senior staff didn't think he was good there and he vanished without explanation.

Lester Kertzenstein

2003–2004

John Terry

Psychiatrist and boyfriend of Susan Lewis

Dr. David 'Div' Cvetic

1994

Stanley Tucci

Chief of Emergency Medicine

Dr. Kevin Moretti

2007–2008

Vince Vieluf

Medical Student

Bernard Gamely

1998

Bresha Webb

Medical Student

Laverne St. John

2008–2009

Mare Winningham

Chief of Emergency Services; ER attending physician who had an unhealthy obsession with Dr. Mark Greene. She was later revealed to be an imposter who had impersonated many other people in various jobs over the last few years.

Dr. Amanda Lee

1998–1999

text: Secondary nurses and other medical staff[edit]

text:
Actor/Actress

Character Position

Character Name

Years of Appearance

Conni Marie Brazelton

ER Nurse

Conni Oligario

1994–2003

Laura Cerón

ER Nurse

Chuny Marquez

1995–2009

Cynthia Cervini

Nurse

Anna Waldron

2002, 2004, 2005

Morris Chestnut

ICU nurse & Deb's baby's father

Frank 'Rambo' Bacon

2000

Ellen Crawford

ER Nurse

Lydia Wright

1994–2003, 2009

Deezer D

ER Nurse

Malik McGrath

1994–2009

Yvette Freeman

ER Nurse

Haleh Adams

1994–2009

Ren Hanami

NICU Nurse

2006

Mary Heiss

ER Nurse

Mary

2000–2008

April Lee Hernandez

ER Nurse

Inez

2005–2006

Monica Guzman

Surgical Nurse

Marisol

2008–2009

Penny Johnson

Nurse Practitioner

Lynette Evans

1998–1999

Kristen Johnston

Chief ER Nurse

Eve Peyton

2005

Sam Jones III

Emergency Medical Technician, Brother of Greg Pratt

Charlie 'Chaz' Pratt, Jr.

2005–2009

Dinah Lenney

Surgical Charge Nurse

Shirley

1995–2004, 2006—2009

Pat Lentz

Nursing Supervisor

None

2005, 2008

Bellina Logan

ICU, Pediatrics and Surgical Nurse

Kit

1996–2003; 2005; 2008

Donal Logue

Flight Nurse and boyfriend/husband/ex-husband of Susan Lewis

Chuck Martin

2003–2005

Lily Mariye

ER Nurse

Lily Jarvik

1994–2009

Vanessa Marquez

ER Nurse

Wendy Goldman

1994–1997

Deborah May

County Nursing Director

Mary Cain

1996–1997, 2002

Angel Laketa Moore

ER Nurse

Dawn Archer

2006–2009

Jenny O'Hara

ER Nurse

Rhonda Sterling

1996

Kip Pardue

ER Nurse

Ben Parker

2006–2007

Kyle Richards

Nurse

Dori

2000—2006

Lucy Rodriguez

Nurse

Bjerke

1996; 2000–2003

Nadia Shazana

Nurse

Jacy

2001–2008

Meg Thalken

Flight Nurse

Dee McManus

1996, 1999–2001, 2005, 2008

Gedde Watanabe

ER Nurse

Yoshi Takata

1997–2003


document_title: History of Nokia

question_text: when was the first nokia mobile phone invented

question_tokens: when was the first nokia mobile phone invented

text: History of Nokia

text: 19th century[edit]

text: The name "Nokia" is derived from the town, Nokia and the Nokianvirta river. The commercial entities that preceded the modern day Nokia company included Nokia Ab (Nokia company); Suomen Gummitehdas Oy (Finnish Rubber Works Ltd); and Suomen Kaapelitehdas Oy (Finnish Cable Works Ltd).[1]

text: In 1865, the mining engineer, Fredrik Idestam established a ground wood pulp mill on the banks of the Tammerkoski rapids in the town of Tampere, in southwestern Finland. Tampere was then part of the Russian Empire.[1] In 1868, Idestam built a second mill near the town of Nokia. Nokia lies 15 kilometres (9.3 mi) west of Tampere, by the Nokianvirta river. The river had better hydropower resources than those at Tampere.[2] In 1871, Idestam and Leo Mechelin, a statesman and Idestam's friend, transformed Idestam's enterprises into a public limited company called Nokia Ab.[2]

text: In the late 1800s, Mechelin wanted to expand the company into the electricity business. However, Idestam refused. In 1896, Idestam retired and Mechelin become the company's chairman. He remained chairman from 1898 to 1914. During this time, Mechelin persuaded shareholders to allow the company to enter the electricity business.[2] In 1902, Nokia commenced electricity generation.[1]

text: 20th century[edit]

text: Eduard Polón (1861 – 1930), was a Finnish business leader.[3] In 1898, Polón founded Suomen Gummitehdas Oy (Finnish Rubber Works) - a manufacturer of galoshes and other rubber products.[1] In the early 1900s, the Finnish Rubber Works established factories near Nokia and used the town's name in the company's branding.[4]

text: After World War I, the Nokia Company was nearing bankruptcy and was acquired by the Finnish Rubber Works.[5]

text: In 1922, the Finnish Rubber Works also acquired the Suomen Kaapelitehdas Oy (Finnish Cable Works). The cable works had been founded in 1912 by Arvid Wickström. His company produced telephone, telegraph, and electrical cables.[1][6]

text: In 1937, after 16 years as a technical director, Verner Weckman became the president of the Finnish Cable Works company. Weckman was a wrestler and was Finland's first Olympic Gold medallist.[7] After World War II, Finnish Cable Works supplied cables to the Soviet Union as part of its war reparations. This gave the company a foothold for later trade.[7]

text: Although the three companies, (Nokia Ab, Suomen Gummitehdas, and Suomen Kaapelitehdas) were not merged in the legal sense, Polón created a viable group. Polón was the chairman, managing director, and the largest share holder of the group for 30 years.[citation needed]

text: Nokia corporation[edit]

text: In 1967, Nokia Corporation was formed through the merger of the three companies.[8] The new company manufactured products including paper items, car and bicycle tires, rubber boots, communications cables, televisions and other consumer electronics, personal computers, generators, robotics,[9] capacitors, Military technology and equipment (such as the SANLA M/90 device and the M61 gas mask for the Finnish Army), plastics, aluminum and chemicals.[10][11]

text: In 1960, a cable division of the Nokia group had been formed. In 1962, it produced a pulse height analyzer used in nuclear power plants.[11] In 1967, an electronics division within the Nokia corporation was formed. It operated for the next fifteen years, sometimes at a loss. Nokia researchers were encouraged to develop their own projects. This may have contributed to Nokia's focus on mobile phone technologies.[12]

text: Network equipment[edit]

text: In the 1970s, Nokia produced the Nokia DX 200, a digital switch for telephone exchanges. The DX 200 became the workhorse of the network equipment division. Its architecture allowed it to be further developed into other switching products.[13] For example, in 1984, the development of an exchange for the Nordic Mobile Telephony network was begun.[14] The network equipment division was merged with a Finnish State entity to form "Telefenno". In 1987, the state sold its shares in Telefenno to Nokia and in 1992, the name was changed to Nokia Telecommunications.[15]

text: In 1998, the Israeli multinational company, Check Point which was founded in 1993, established a partnership with Nokia. Check Point's software was bundled with Nokia's network security tools.[16]

text: Mobile radio telephony[edit]

text: Prior to cellular mobile telephony, there was mobile radio telephony. In the 1960s, Nokia had started producing commercial and military mobile radio telephones. From 1964, Nokia had developed VHF radios in collaboration with Salora Oy. From 1966, Nokia and Salora had developed ARPs (Autoradiopuhelin or radio car phones). In 1971, this technology became the first commercially available mobile phone network in Finland and in 1978, it offered 100 percent coverage in Finland.[17] In the 1970s and 1980s, Nokia developed the Sanomalaitejärjestelmä (messaging system), a digital, portable and encrypted text-based communications device for the Finnish Defence Forces.[18]

text: Nordic mobile telephone (1G)[edit]

text: In 1979, the merger of Nokia and Salora resulted in the establishment of "Mobira Oy". Mobira developed mobile phones for the Nordic Mobile Telephone (NMT) network, called the "1G" and was the first fully automatic cellular phone system. It became commercially available in 1981.[21] In 1982, Mobira introduced its first car phone, the "Mobira Senator" for NMT – 450 networks.[21]

text: In 1984, Nokia purchased Salora. Nokia's telecommunications division was renamed "Nokia-Mobira Oy". In the same year, the "Mobira Talkman", an early portable phone was launched. In 1987, Nokia introduced its first mobile phone, the "Mobira Cityman 900" for NMT– 900 networks. In comparison to the NMT – 450 network, there was a better signal strength but less coverage. While the Mobira Senator of 1982 had weighed 9.8 kg (22 lb) and the Talkman just under 5 kg (11 lb), the Mobira Cityman weighed only 800 g (28 oz) including its battery. The phone, which was considered expensive, became an item indicating a high status.[10]

text: In 1987, the Soviet leader Mikhail Gorbachev was seen using a Mobira Cityman in Helsinki. The phone developed the nickname, the "Gorba".[20] In 1989, Nokia-Mobira Oy was renamed "Nokia Mobile Phones".

text: Global system for mobile communications (2G)[edit]

text: Nokia contributed to the development of the GSM 2G.[22] It was able to carry data (computing) as well as voice traffic. Nordic Mobile Telephony (NMT) was an early provider of international roaming. In 1987, GSM 2G became the new European standard for digital mobile technology.[23][24]

text: In 1989, Nokia delivered its first GSM network to the Finnish operator Radiolinja.[25] On 1 July 1991, in Helsinki, the first telephone call on the GSM G2 network was made by Harri Holkeri, the Prime Minister of Finland. He used a prototype Nokia GSM phone to make the call.[25] In 1992, the first GSM phone, the Nokia 1011, was made commercially available.[25][26] The model number, "1011" refers to its launch date on 10 November 1992.[26] In 1994, a branding ringtone, the Nokia tune, was included with the Nokia 2100 series.[27]

text: The GSM 2G network and mobile phones provided improved voice calls, international roaming and support for new services such as text messaging (Short Message Service (SMS)).[25] In 2008, the GSM 2G network had approximately 3 billion users. There were at least 700 mobile phone commercial providers in 218 nations or territories. There were 15 mobile phone connections per second and 1.3 million mobile phone connections per day.[28]

text: Personal computers[edit]

text: In the 1980s, Nokia's computer division "Nokia Data" produced a series of personal computers called the "MikroMikko".[29] It was aimed at the business market. MikroMikko 1, was released on 29 September 1981.[30] Its competitor was the IBM personal computer. In 1991, Nokia Data was sold to a British company, International Computers Limited (ICL).[31]

text: Nokia produced Cathode ray tubes (CRT) and thin film transistor liquid crystal displays (|TFT LCDs) for personal computers and other applications. In 2000, Nokia sold its display products division to ViewSonic.[32] However, in August 2009, Nokia released the Nokia Booklet 3G mini laptop which it continued for a short time.[33] Other abandoned Nokia products include DSL modems and digital set-top boxes.

text: Telecommunications[edit]

text: In the 1980s under the chief executive officer (CEO) Kari Kairamo, Nokia expanded, mostly through acquisitions. In the late 1980s and early 1990s, however, Nokia corporation experienced financial difficulties. Losses were made in the television manufacturing division.[34] In 1988, Nokian Tyres became a separate entity.[35] Nokia's paper division was sold in 1989. In 1990, Nokian Footwear was a separate entity.[4]. During the rest of the 1990s, Nokia divested itself of all other businesses.[36]

text: In 1988, Kairamo committed suicide. Following his death, Simo Vuorilehto became Nokia's chairman and CEO. From 1990 to 1993, Finland was in recession.[37] Vuorilehto made major changes to the Nokia corporation. The telecommunications division was stream-lined. The television and personal computing divisions were sold.[38]

text: In 1992, Jorma Ollila became CEO. He made telecommunications Nokia's sole concern.[36] International sales increased relative to those in Finland.[39][36] By the mid 1990s, Nokia's supply of mobile telephones could not meet demand.[40] Changes to Nokia's supply chain were made.[41] Between 1996 and 2001, Nokia's revenue increased from 6.5 billion euros to 31 billion euros and between 1998 and 2012, Nokia was the world's largest mobile phone manufacturer.[39] Nokia's logistics and economies of scale advantaged the company.[42]

text: 21st century[edit]

text: In 2000, Nokia launched the Nokia 3310. In 2003, the Nokia 1100 handset was launched.[19] Nokia combined a video game console and a mobile phone in the "N-Gage".[43]

text: In April 2008, Nokia Productions started a mobile movie-making project. The movie which was presented at the Nokia Theater Los Angeles on 14 October 2008 was directed by Spike Lee. It was approximately 15 minutes long and comprised short segments made on phones contributed by the public. The theme of the movie was "humanity".[44][45]

text: In 2009, Nokia reentered the personal computing market. Its product, the Nokia Booklet 3G was a Windows-based netbook.[33] The company also entered the smartphone market.[46][47][48] The Series 40 was a phone platform used in feature phones, mainly running Java-based applications.[49][not in citation given]

text: Nokia acquired Smarterphone, a company making the Smarterphone OS for "low end" phones and merged it with Series 40 to form the Asha Platform, which also used some user interface characteristics from Nokia's MeeGo platform.[citation needed] The Asha 501 used this new operating system.[50] The Series 40 was discontinued in late 2014.

text: Symbian OS[edit]

text: Until 2011, Symbian was Nokia's main smartphone operating system. The devices using the Symbian operating system included the Nokia 7650, Nokia N-Gage, Nokia 6600, Nokia 7610, Nokia 6630, Nokia N90, Nokia N95, Nokia N82, Nokia E71, Nokia 5800 XpressMusic, Nokia N97, Nokia X6 and the Nokia N8. The 2012 Nokia 808 PureView had a 41-megapixel camera. It was the last phone using the Symbian platform.[51]

text:
Nokia 6600 (2003) with a VGA camera, Bluetooth and expandable memory.

Nokia N73 (2006) with 3G and a front camera.

Nokia N95 (2007) with a 5-megapixel camera and sliding multimedia keys.

Nokia E71 (2008) with a QWERTY keyboard.

Nokia 5800 XpressMusic (2008), with a full touchscreen.

Nokia N8 (2010) the first Symbian^3 device, and the first to feature a 12-megapixel autofocus lens. (Symbian^3/Anna/Belle)

Nokia 808 PureView (2012) with a 41-megapixel camera and a 1.3 GHz CPU.

tag: ul

text: Linux devices[edit]

text: Nokia's first Linux devices were the Nokia Internet tablets and the Nokia N900, which ran the Debian-based Maemo.[52] The Maemo project merged with Intel's Moblin to create MeeGo.[53] The Nokia N9 was released before MeeGo was abandoned in favour of Windows Phone.[54] The final products using Linux were the Nokia X series which had an Android operating system.[55]

text: Reorganizations[edit]

text: On 5 May 2000, Nokia opened a mobile phone factory in Komárom, Hungary.[56]

text: In April 2003, difficulties in Nokia's division of network equipment led to restructuring and layoffs.[57] Nokia's public image in Finland was diminished.[58][59] litigation was brought against Nokia and a critical documentary television program was broadcast.[60]

text: In June 2006, CEO of Nokia Jorma Ollila, resigned and became the chairman of Royal Dutch Shell[61] Olli-Pekka Kallasvuo was the new CEO.[62]

text: In March 2007, Nokia signed an agreement with Cluj County Council, Romania to open a plant near the city in Jucu commune.[63][64] Moving the production from the Bochum, Germany factory to a low wage country created an uproar in Germany.[65][66]

text: In 2008, Nokia ceased its mobile phone distribution in Japan.[67] In 2009, Check Point purchased Nokia's network security division.[68]

text: In February 2012, Nokia announced that 4,000 employees would be dismissed. This was to allow its manufacturing centres to move from Europe and Mexico to Asia.[69] In March 2012, Nokia dismissed 1,000 employees at its Salo, Finland factory.[70] In June 2012, research facilities in Ulm, Germany and Burnaby, Canada closed. By the end of 2013, 10,000 employees had been dismissed.[71] In January 2013, Nokia dismissed 1,000 employees from its internet technology, production and logistics divisions.[72]

text: Acquisitions[edit]

text: On 22 September 2003, Nokia acquired "Sega.com", a branch of Sega in order to develop the N-Gage device.[73] On 10 February 2006, Nokia purchased the Intellisync Corporation, a provider of data and Personal information management (PIM) synchronization software.[74][75]

text: On 19 June 2006, Nokia and Siemens AG announced the merger of their mobile and fixed-line phone network equipment businesses with equal holdings. This created the entity "Nokia Siemens Networks" located in Espoo, Finland.[76] Approximately 20,000 Nokia employees were employed by the new company. On 8 August 2006, Nokia purchased the online music distributor "Loudeye Corporation" for approximately US $60 million.[77][78]

text: In July 2007, Nokia purchased the media sharing service "Twango".[79][80] In September 2007, Nokia purchased "Enpocket", a supplier of mobile advertising technology and services.[81] On 10 July 2008, Nokia purchased "Navteq", a U.S. based supplier of digital mapping data, for $8.1 billion.[82][83][84]

text: In September 2008, Nokia purchased "OZ Communications" of Montreal, Canada. OZ was a private company with approximately 220 employees.[85]

text: On 5 August 2009, Nokia purchased some of the assets belonging to "Cellity", a privately owned mobile software company.[86][87] In September 2009, Nokia purchased some of the assets belonging to "Plum Ventures corporation" to complement Nokia's social location services.[88]

text: In March 2010, Nokia purchased "Novarra", a mobile web browser firm.[89] In April 2010, Nokia acquired MetaCarta, a local search technology firm.[90] In 2012, Nokia purchased "Smarterphone", a feature phone operating system developer, and the imaging company Scalado.[91][92]

text: Loss of smartphone market share[edit]

text: Apple's iPhone (2007) did not immediately outsell the Nokia smartphones such as the Nokia N95.[93] At the end of the 2007 financial year, Symbian had 62.5 percent of the market share while Microsoft's Windows Mobile had 11.9 percent and BlackBerry (RIM) had 10.9 percent. However, at the end of the 2008 financial year, Nokia's market share had fallen to 40.8 percent.[94] The Nokia N96, the Nokia 5800 XpressMusic and the Nokia E71 did not compete against Apple's iPhone 3G.[95] On 24 June 2008, Nokia bought the Symbian operating system and in 2009, made it open source.[96]

text: In early 2009, Nokia released several devices such as the Nokia N97, a touchscreen device with a landscape QWERTY slider keyboard that was focused on social networking which received mixed reviews and the Nokia E52 which received positive reviews.[97][98] At the end of the 2008 financial year, Symbian's market share was 52.4 percent and at the same time in 2009, it was 46.1 percent with the loss going to Blackberry, iOS and Android.[99]

text: In 2010, the commercial pressure on Nokia increased.[100] Original equipment manufacturers such as Samsung Electronics and Sony Ericsson chose to make Android based smartphones, not Symbian based smartphones.[101] Nokia developed "Symbian^3" to replace the S60 platform but it never became popular.[102] At the end of the 2010 financial year, Symbian's market share was 32 percent while Android's was 30 percent.[103] Despite losing market share, Nokia's smartphones were profitable. sales in 2010 steadily increased quarter by quarter.[104] In the last quarter of 2010, Nokia sold 4 million N8 smartphones.[105]

text: In February 2010, Nokia and Intel announced "MeeGo". MeeGo was a merger of their Linux based Maemo and Moblin projects. The project aimed to create one mobile operating system suitable for many types of device including tablets and smartphones.[106][107] Nokia planned to use MeeGo on its smartphones. This was only achieved on the Nokia N9 (2011).[108]

text: In February 2011, Elop wrote to his employees. He said Nokia was on a "burning platform". Elop said the "war of ecosystems" (software ecosystem) between iOS and Android was part of Nokia's commercial difficulties.[109]

text: Partnership with Microsoft[edit]

text: In February 2011, Stephen Elop and Microsoft's CEO Steve Ballmer formed a business partnership. (Elop had worked at Microsoft.) Nokia adopted Windows Phone as the operating system on its smartphones and accessed the Bing search engine for its devices. The "Here" Nokia maps software was integrated into Microsoft's "Bing" mapping services.[108][108][109][110][111][112][111]

text: In June 2011, Apple was making more smartphones than Nokia and a successful partnership with Microsoft became imperative for Nokia's business.[113][114] In September 2011, Nokia dismissed 3,500 employees and closed its factory in Cluj, Romania.[115]

text: On 26 October 2011, at the Nokia World conference, the first Nokia Windows Phone 7 based devices were launched. They were the Nokia Lumia 710 and the more expensive Nokia Lumia 800.[116][117]

text: After the launch, Nokia's share price fell approximately 14 percent[118] and Nokia's smartphone sales rapidly decreased.[119] Between 2011 until 2013, Nokia's sales of smartphones fell from first in the market to tenth.[120] In the second quarter of the 2011 financial year, Nokia made a loss of 368 million Euros.

text: On 26 January 2012, Nokia reported its sales of the Lumia smartphones was "well above one million",[121][122] two million sales in the first quarter of the 2012 financial year[123] and four million sales in the second quarter of the 2012 financial year.[124] However, in the second quarter of the 2012 financial year, in North America, Nokia sold 600,000 Symbian and Windows phones combined.[125] In the same period, 26 million iPhones and 105 million Android phones were sold.[126]

text: While announcing an alliance with Groupon, Elop identified Google as a competitor.[127]

text: On 8 February 2012, Nokia dismissed 4,000 employees from smartphone manufacturing plants in Europe. Smartphone assembly was moved closer to component suppliers in Asia.[128] On 14 June 2012, Nokia a further 10,000 dismissals.[129] Production and research sites in Finland, Germany and Canada were closed.[130] On 18 June 2012, Moody's downgraded Nokia's bond rating to junk.[131] On 4 May 2012, a group of Nokia investors filed a class action against the company as a result of disappointing sales.[132] On 22 August 2012, there were calls for Elop's dismissal.[133] In December 2012, Nokia sold its headquarters, Nokia House for €170 million and then leased the property.[134] In the fourth quarter of the 2012 financial year, Nokia sold 6.6 million smartphones ( 2.2 million Symbian and 4.4 million Lumia devices).[135]

text: In May 2013, Nokia released the Asha platform on its inexpensive smartphone devices. The American media company Vox Media speculated Nokia was not fully committed to Windows.[136]

text: In the same month, Nokia entered a partnership with China Mobile, the Chinese mobile service provider to make the Lumia 920 (Lumia 920T) available in China.[137]

text: In the second quarter of the 2013 financial year, Nokia recorded an operating loss of €115m. Nokia's revenue fell to €5.7bn. In the same period, sales of the Lumia smartphone exceeded those of BlackBerry's handsets. Nokia's sales results were especially poor in China and the US.[138] In the second quarter of the 2013 financial year, 7.4 million Lumia devices were sold.[139]

text: Sale of mobile phone business to Microsoft[edit]

text: On 25 April 2014, Nokia sold its mobile phone business to Microsoft for approximately €3.79bn. €1.65bn was paid by Microsoft for a ten-year license to Nokia's patents.[140][141][142][143][144][145] Nokia's mobile phone assets became a part of Microsoft Mobile, based in Finland.[146][147] The purchase was delayed from March 2014 to April 2014 while a taxation dispute in India was resolved.[148][149][150]

text: Microsoft acquired the Asha, X and Lumia brands, but had only a limited license to the Nokia brand. Microsoft could only use the Nokia brand to promote Asha, X and Lumia products until December 2015, and feature phones for 10 years. Microsoft did not acquire any rights to the Nokia tune but can use it as the default ringtone on Nokia branded devices. Nokia was prohibited from manufacturing any Nokia branded smartphones until December 2015.[151][152][153] Microsoft also took over Nokia's website and social media outlets for a minimum of one year.[146] Microsoft used Nokia branding until October 2014.[154]

text: Elop became the head of Microsoft's devices division. Risto Siilasmaa became acting CEO of Nokia until the appointment of Rajeev Suri.

text: Nokia continued Nokia Networks, its infrastructure division and Nokia Technologies, its development and licensing division.[140][140][141][142][143]

text: In July 2014, Microsoft dismissed 12,500 former Nokia empoyees.[155] Microsoft also ended development of Nokia's non-Windows Phone product lines.[156][157]

text: Sale of licenses[edit]

text: In October 2014, Nokia and China Mobile signed a $970 million framework deal for delivery between 2014 and 2015.[158]

text: On 17 November 2014, Ramzi Haidamus, head of the Nokia technologies division said the company planned to re-enter the consumer electronics business by licensing in-house hardware designs and technologies to third-party manufacturers.[159] On 18 November 2014, the N1, an Android tablet manufactured by Foxconn was released.[160][161]

text: Alcatel-Lucent[edit]

text: On 3 November 2016, Nokia purchased the French telecommunications equipment company Alcatel-Lucent for approximately €15.6 billion.[162][163] At completion, Nokia shareholders held 66.5% of the new company and Alcatel-Lucent shareholders held 33.5% of the new company. Alcatel-Lucent's Bell Labs and submarine cables division were maintained in the new company. The Alcatel-Lucent brand was no longer used.[163][164][165] The purchase required approval by China's Ministry of Commerce and French regulators.[166][167] On August 3, 2015, Nokia announced that it had reached a deal to sell its Here digital maps division to a consortium of three German automakers—BMW, Daimler AG and Volkswagen Group, for €2.8 billion.[168]

text: Foxconn and HMD Global[edit]

text: On 18 May 2016 Microsoft had sold the Nokia-branded featurephone division to FIH Mobile, a division of Foxconn, and HMD, a new company in Finland.[169] Nokia provided its brand and patent licensing to HMD, and took a seat on the board of directors.[170][171] On 8 January 2017, Nokia 6, a Qualcomm Snapdragon 430 mobile phone software platform mid-range Android smartphone was launched.[172] The Nokia 5, Nokia 3, Nokia 3310 and Nokia 6 Arte were also released.[173]


document_title: Wally Amos

question_text: who is the founder of famous amos cookies

text: Wally Amos

text: This biography of a living person needs additional citations for verification. Please help by adding reliable sources. Contentious material about living persons that is unsourced or poorly sourced must be removed immediately, especially if potentially libelous or harmful. (May 2012) (Learn how and when to remove this template message)

text:
Wally Amos

Wally Amos takes children on a reading adventure during Springfest, an event that celebrates children during the Month of the Military Child on Naval Station Pearl Harbor, April 21, 2007

Born
Wallace Amos Jr.
(1936-07-01) July 1, 1936 (age 81)
Tallahassee, Florida

Residence
Kailua, Hawaii

Known for
Famous Amos, Learn to Read

Signature

text: Wallace "Wally" Amos Jr. (born July 1, 1936) is an American TV personality, entrepreneur and author from Tallahassee, Florida. He is the founder of the "Famous Amos" chocolate-chip cookie brand. He also was the host of the adult reading program, Learn to Read. He resides in Kailua, Hawaii where he runs The Cookie Kahuna gourmet cookie brand.

text: Biography[edit]

text: Amos lived in Tallahassee, Florida, until he was twelve. When his parents divorced, he moved to Manhattan, New York with his aunt, where he enrolled at the Food Trades Vocational High School. He showed his interest in cooking at a young age, and it was from his aunt, who would bake cookies for him, that Amos would develop his chocolate chip cookie recipe. Amos improved on his aunt's recipe, which was already uncommon because it included several ingredients not generally associated with chocolate chip cookies.[vague]

text: Shortly before graduation, Amos dropped out of high school to join the United States Air Force. He earned his high school equivalency diploma before being honorably discharged from the military, where he had a distinguished career.[citation needed]

text: Returning to New York City, Amos went to college to become a secretary, and following graduation, took a clerical job with the William Morris Agency. Eventually, he became the agency's first African American talent agent. He signed Simon & Garfunkel and headed the agency's rock 'n' roll department. Amos attracted clients by sending them chocolate chip cookies along with an invitation to visit him. He represented musicians such as Diana Ross & the Supremes, Sam Cooke, and Marvin Gaye.

text: In 1975, a friend suggested to Amos that he set up a store to sell his cookies, and in March of that year, the first "Famous Amos" cookie store opened in Los Angeles, California.[1] He started the business with the help of a $25,000 loan from Marvin Gaye and Helen Reddy.[2] The company began to expand, and, eventually, "Famous Amos" chocolate chip cookies could be found on supermarket shelves across the United States. He became known figure culturally that he appeared as himself in the Taxi episode "Latka's Cookies" in 1981. Thanks in part to the success of his cookie company, he was hired to deliver speeches. He has written ten books,[3] many of which have a self-help theme, including The Cookie Never Crumbles[4] and The Power in You.[5]

text: Due to financial troubles, Amos was forced to sell the Famous Amos Company, and because the name "Famous Amos" was trademarked by his former company, he had to use "The Uncle Noname's Cookie Company" as his new company's name.[6] A Famous Amos distributor at the time, Lou Avignone, heard Amos on a local radio talk show and, inspired by Amos' story of his early business success with Famous Amos and his spirit, contacted Amos with the idea for starting a new business. In 1994, the two became partners and subsequently launched "Uncle Noname Gourmet Muffins". The company focused on fat-free, nutritious muffins at that time.[7] Uncle Noname became Uncle Wally's Muffin Company in 1999. The muffins are sold in more than 3,500 stores nationwide.[8]

text: In 2014, an article in Fortune Magazine lauded "The cookie comeback of "Famous" Wally Amos" as Amos bought back his handmade cookies under a new name "The Cookie Kahuna". These cookies were marketed in a store in Hawaii, where Amos is based. They come in the flavors original chocolate chip, chocolate chip with pecans and butterscotch with macadamia nuts.[9]

text: In 1979, Amos' long-time friend and publicist John Rosica introduced him to Literacy Volunteers of America. Amos has advocated literacy and helped thousands of adults learn to read. In 1987, he also hosted a television series designed to teach others how to read, entitled Learn to Read, produced by Kentucky Educational Television and WXYZ-TV.[10]

text: In 2012, Amos appeared in the February 16 episode of The Office, entitled "Tallahassee", as himself.

text: In 2014, Amos launched his new cookie business, The Cookie Kahuna, which is sold at Costco's store in Iwilei, Hawaii, where Amos is based and also online. Three flavors are offered: original chocolate chip, butterscotch with macadamia nuts, and chocolate chip with pecans. In 2014, an article in Fortune Magazine lauded this as "The cookie comeback of ‘Famous’ Wally Amos" as Amos brought back his handmade cookies under the new name “The Cookie Kahuna.”

text: In 2016, Amos appeared in the October 6 episode of Shark Tank seeking $50,000 funding for 20% equity of Cookie Kahuna. The Sharks all passed on the opportunity.[11][12]

text: In 2018, Content Media Group will release "The Great Cookie Comeback: Re-Baking Wally Amos", a documentary on the life of Wally Amos.


document_title: Rahimtulla M. Sayani

question_text: who was the first muslim to be elected as president of the indian national congress

text: Rahimtulla M. Sayani

text: This article needs additional citations for verification. Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. (January 2017) (Learn how and when to remove this template message)

text: Rahimtulla Mahomed Sayani (5 April 1847 – 6 June 1902), was an Indian politician who served as the President of the Indian National Congress for one term, succeeding Surendranath Banerjea.

text: Rahimtullah M Sayani, born in 1847, a century before the Independence of India, belonged to a Khoja Muslim Community, who were the disciples of the Aga Khan.

text: He was associated with the Indian National Congress since its inception and he was one of the two Indian Muslims who attended its First Session of INC held at Bombay in 1885, where "Womesh Chandra Bonnerjee" was elected as the first President of Congress.

text: Rahimtullah M Sayani was the "Second Muslim" to become the "President of Indian National Congress".(First was Badruddin Tayyab Ji)

text: In the year 1896 he presided over the 12th Annual Session of the Congress held at Calcutta where he was elected as the "President of Congress" and became the Second Muslim to achieve such Position.

text: His presidential address to the Session was the "Best delivered so far" as it was hailed by a contemporary journal of that period.

text: Rahimtullah M Sayani was western educated, a Lawyer by profession who achieved public eminence and professional excellence, he was elected as a member of the Bombay Municipal Corporation and was the Sheriff of Bombay in 1885, also elected as President of the Corporation in 1888.

text: Twice he was elected to the Bombay Legislative Council and was also elected to the Imperial Legislative Council (1896–1898).

text: He died at his residence in Bombay on 6 June 1902.[1]

text: Quotes[edit]

text: "We should endeavour to promote personal intimacy and friendship amongst all the great communities of India, to develop and consolidate sentiments of national growth and unity, to weld them together into one nationality, to effect a moral union amongst them, to remove the taunt that we are not a nation, but only a congeries of races and creeds which have no cohesion in them and to bring about stronger and stronger friendly ties of common nationality." — From the Presidential Address, I.N.C., - Rahimtulla M. Sayani I.N.C. Session, 1896, Calcutta.


document_title: Destiny's Child

question_text: where did destiny's child name come from

question_tokens: where did destiny 's child name come from

text: Destiny's Child

text: History

text: 1990–97: Early beginnings and Girl's Tyme

text: In 1990, Beyoncé Knowles met rapper LaTavia Roberson while auditioning for a girl group.[7] Based in Houston, Texas, they were joined to a group that performed rapping and dancing. Kelly Rowland, who relocated to Knowles' house because of family issues, joined them in 1992. Originally named Girl's Tyme, they were eventually cut down to six members including Támar Davis and sisters Nikki and Nina Taylor.[8][9] With Knowles and Rowland, Girl's Tyme attracted nationwide attention:[8] west-coast R&B producer Arne Frager flew to Houston to see them. He brought them to his studio, The Plant Recording Studios, in Northern California, with focus on Knowles' vocals because Frager thought she had personality and the ability to sing.[8] With efforts to sign Girl's Tyme to a major record deal, Frager's strategy was to debut the group in Star Search, the biggest talent show on national TV at the time.[8] However, they lost the competition because, according to Knowles, their choice of song was wrong;[10] they were actually rapping instead of singing.[7]

text: Because of the group's defeat, Knowles' father, Mathew, voluntarily dedicated his time to manage them.[8][11] Mathew Knowles decided to cut the original lineup to four, with the removal of Davis and the Taylor sisters and the inclusion of LeToya Luckett in 1993.[7][8] Aside from spending time at their church in Houston, Girl's Tyme practiced in their backyards and at Headliners Salon, owned by Knowles' mother, Tina. The group would test routines in the salon, when it was on Montrose Boulevard in Houston, and sometimes would collect tips from the customers. Their try out would be critiqued by the people inside. During their school days, Girl's Tyme performed at local gigs. When summer came, Mathew Knowles established a "boot camp" to train them in dance and vocal lessons.[12] After rigorous training, they began performing as opening acts for established R&B groups of that time such as SWV, Dru Hill and Immature.[7] Tina Knowles designed the group's attire for their performances.[12]

text: Over the course of the early years in their career, Girl's Tyme changed their name to Something Fresh, Cliché, the Dolls, and to Destiny.[13] The group signed with Elektra Records with the name Destiny, but were dropped several months later before they could release an album.[11] The pursuit of a record deal affected the Knowles family: in 1995, Mathew Knowles resigned from his job as a medical-equipment salesman,[8] a move that reduced Knowles' family's income by half, and her parents briefly separated due to the pressure.[8][11] In 1996, they changed their name to Destiny's Child, which was taken from a passage in the Book of Isaiah.[7][13] Mathew Knowles helped in negotiating a record deal with Columbia Records, which signed the group that same year.[7][9] Prior to signing with Columbia, the group had recorded several tracks in Oakland, California produced by D'wayne Wiggins of Tony! Toni! Toné!, including "Killing Time", which upon the label's recognition that Destiny's Child had a "unique quality", was included in the soundtrack to the 1997 film Men in Black.[7][14]

text: 1998–2000: Breakthrough and lineup changes

text: Destiny's Child released their self-titled debut album in the United States on February 17, 1998, featuring productions by Tim & Bob, Rob Fusari, Jermaine Dupri, Wyclef Jean, Dwayne Wiggins and Corey Rooney.[7] Destiny's Child peaked at number sixty-seven on the Billboard 200 and number fourteen on the Billboard Top R&B/Hip-Hop Albums.[15] It managed to sell over one million copies in the United States, earning a platinum certification by the Recording Industry Association of America (RIAA).[16] The remix version to the album's lead single, "No, No, No", reached number one on the Billboard Hot R&B/Hip-Hop Singles & Tracks and number three on the Billboard Hot 100. Its follow-up single, "With Me Part 1" failed to reproduce the success of "No, No, No". Meanwhile, the group featured on a song from the soundtrack album of the romantic drama Why Do Fools Fall in Love and "Get on the Bus" had a limited release in Europe and other markets. In 1998, Destiny's Child garnered three Soul Train Lady of Soul awards[7] including Best New Artist for "No, No, No". Knowles considered their debut successful but not huge, claiming as a neo soul record it was too mature for the group at the time.[17]

text: After the success of their debut album, Destiny's Child re-entered the studio quickly, bringing in a new lineup of producers, including Kevin "She'kspere" Briggs[7] and Rodney Jerkins. Coming up with The Writing's on the Wall, they released it on July 27, 1999 and it eventually became their breakthrough album.[17] The Writing's on the Wall peaked at number five on the Billboard 200 and number two on R&B chart in early 2000.[15] "Bills, Bills, Bills" was released in 1999 as the album's lead single and reached the top spot of the Billboard Hot 100, becoming their first US number-one single.[7] The Writing's on the Wall has been credited as Destiny's Child's breakthrough album, spurring their career and introducing them to a wider audience.[12][18] The main key to the group's breakthrough was the album's third single, "Say My Name",[18] which topped the Billboard Hot 100 for three consecutive weeks. The successful release of the singles bolstered the album's sales,[9][19] eventually selling over eight million copies in the United States, gaining eight-time platinum certification by the RIAA.[7][16] The Writing's on the Wall sold more than 11 million copies worldwide and was one of the top-selling albums of 2000.[20]

text: In December 1999, Luckett and Roberson attempted to split with their manager, claiming that he kept a disproportionate share of the group's profits and unfairly favored Knowles and Rowland.[7] While they never intended to leave the group, when the video for "Say My Name" surfaced in February 2000, Roberson and Luckett found out that two new members were joining Knowles and Rowland.[7] Prior to the video premiere, Knowles announced on TRL that original members Luckett and Roberson had left the group.[9] They were replaced by Michelle Williams, a former backup singer to Monica, and Farrah Franklin, an aspiring singer-actress.[12] Shortly after her stint with Monica, Williams was introduced to Destiny's Child by choreographer Braden Larson aka "Peanut Orlando", and was flown to Houston where she stayed with the Knowles family.[12]

text: In March 2000, Roberson and Luckett filed a lawsuit against Mathew Knowles and their former bandmates for breach of partnership and fiduciary duties. Following the suit, both sides were disparaging towards each other in the media.[7] Five months after joining, Franklin left the group. The remaining members claimed that this was due to missed promotional appearances and concerts. According to Williams, Franklin could not handle stress.[12] Franklin, however, disclosed that she left because of the negativity surrounding the strife and her inability to assert any control in the decision making.[7] Her departure was seen as less controversial. Williams, on the other hand, disclosed that her inclusion in the group resulted in her "battling insecurity": "I was comparing myself to the other members, and the pressure was on me."[12]

text: Towards the end of 2000, Roberson and Luckett dropped the portion of their lawsuit aimed at Rowland and Knowles in exchange for a settlement, though they continued the action against their manager. As part of the agreement, both sides were prohibited from speaking about each other publicly.[7] Roberson and Luckett formed another girl group named Anjel but also left it due to issues with the record company. Although band members were affected by the turmoil, Destiny's Child's success continued. The following years of their career were seen as the group's most successful stretch,[7] becoming a pop culture phenomenon.[9] "Say My Name" became their second number-one and biggest single to date.[17] The fourth single from The Writing's on the Wall, "Jumpin', Jumpin'", also became a top-ten hit. During this time, Destiny's Child began performing as an opening act at the concerts of pop singers Britney Spears and Christina Aguilera.[7]

text: With Williams in the new lineup, Destiny's Child released a theme song for the soundtrack to the film version of Charlie's Angels. Released as a single in October 2000, "Independent Women Part 1" spent eleven consecutive weeks atop the Billboard Hot 100 from November 2000 to January 2001,[9] the longest-running number-one single of Destiny's Child's career and of that year in the United States.[21] The successful release of the single boosted the sales of the soundtrack album to Charlie's Angels to 1.5 million by 2001.[13] In 2000, Destiny's Child won Soul Train's Sammy Davis Jr. Entertainer of the Year award.[13]

text: 2001–2003: Survivor, subsequent releases, hiatus and side projects

text: At the 2001 Billboard Music Awards, Destiny's Child won several accolades, including Artist of the Year and Duo/Group of the Year,[22] and again won Artist of the Year among five awards they snagged in 2001.[23] In September 2000, the group took home two at the sixth annual Soul Train Lady of Soul Awards, including R&B/Soul Album of the Year, Group for The Writing's on the Wall.[24] Destiny's Child recorded their third album, Survivor, from mid-2000 until early 2001. In the production process, Knowles assumed more control in co-producing and co-writing almost the entire album.[7][25][26] Survivor hit record stores in the spring of 2001 and entered the Billboard 200 at number one, selling over 663,000 copies in its first week sales.[15][27] The first three singles, "Independent Women Part I", "Survivor" and "Bootylicious" reached the top three in the United States and were also successful in other countries;[7] the first two were consecutive number-one singles in the United Kingdom.[28] The album was certified four-time platinum in the United States[16] and double platinum in Australia.[29] It sold 6 million copies as of July 27, 2001.[30]

text: In the wake of the September 11 attacks, Destiny's Child canceled a European tour and performed in a concert benefit for the survivors.[7] In October 2001, the group released a holiday album, 8 Days of Christmas, which contained updated versions of several Christmas songs.[31] The album managed to reach number thirty-four on the Billboard 200.[15] In February 2001, Destiny's Child won two Grammy awards for "Say My Name": Best R&B Vocal Performance by a Duo or Group and Best R&B Song.[32] They also earned an American Music Award for Favorite Soul/R&B Band/Duo.[7] Also in 2001, Destiny's Child sang backup vocals for Solange Knowles, who was the lead, on the theme song to the animated Disney Channel series The Proud Family. In March 2002, a remix compilation titled This Is the Remix was released to win fans over before a new studio album would be released.[33] The remix album reached number 29 in the United States.[15] The lead single "Survivor" was by some interpreted as a response to the strife between the band members, although Knowles claimed it was not directed at anybody. Seeing it as a breach of the agreement that barred each party from public disparagement, Roberson and Luckett once again filed a lawsuit against Destiny's Child and Sony Music, shortly following the release of This Is the Remix. In June 2002, remaining cases were settled in court.[7]

text: In late 2000, Destiny's Child announced their plan to embark on individual side projects, including releases of solo albums,[25] an idea by their manager.[34] In 2002, Williams released her solo album, Heart to Yours, a contemporary gospel collection.[7] The album reached number one on the Billboard Top Gospel Albums chart. In the same date Heart to Yours hit stores, Destiny's Child released their official autobiography, Soul Survivors.[35] Rowland collaborated with hip hop artist Nelly on "Dilemma", which became a worldwide hit and earned Rowland a Grammy;[34] she became the first member of Destiny's Child to have achieved a US number-one single. In the same year, Knowles co-starred with Mike Myers in the box-office hit Austin Powers in Goldmember. She recorded her first solo single, "Work It Out", for the film's soundtrack.[7] To capitalize on the success of "Dilemma", Rowland's solo debut album Simply Deep was brought forward from its early 2003 release to September 2002.[36] Rowland's career took off internationally when Simply Deep hit number one on the UK Albums Chart.[37] In the same year, she made her feature film debut in the horror film Freddy vs. Jason. Meanwhile, Knowles made her second film, The Fighting Temptations, and appeared as featured vocalist on her then-boyfriend Jay-Z's single "'03 Bonnie & Clyde", which paved the way for the release of her debut solo album.[38]

text: As an upshot from the success of "Dilemma", Knowles' debut album, Dangerously in Love, was postponed many times until June 2003.[36][39] Knowles was considered the most successful among the three solo releases.[40] Dangerously in Love debuted at number one on the Billboard 200, selling 317,000 copies.[41] It yielded the number-one hits "Crazy in Love", and "Baby Boy"; and the top-five singles "Me, Myself and I" and "Naughty Girl". The album was certified 4x platinum by the Recording Industry Association of America (RIAA).[42] It remains as Knowles' best-selling album to date, with sales of 5 million copies in the United States, as of June 2016.[43][44] Worldwide, the album has sold more than eleven million copies.[45][46] Knowles' solo debut was well received by critics, earning five Grammy awards in one night for Dangerously in Love, tying the likes of Norah Jones, Lauryn Hill, and Alicia Keys for most Grammys received in one night by a female artist.[47] In November 2003, Williams appeared as Aida on Broadway. In January 2004, she released her second gospel album, Do You Know.[7]

text: D'wayne Wiggins, who had produced their first recordings as Destiny's Child, filed suit in 2002 against his former counsel (Bloom, Hergott, Diemer & Cook LLP) seeking $15 million in damages for lessening his contractual agreement with the group without his consent, effectively nullifying his original contract that offered Sony Music/Columbia Destiny's Child's exclusive recording services for an initial seven years, in exchange for "certain royalties", instead of royalties only from the first three albums. The case was settled for an undisclosed amount.[48] In June 2003, Mathew Knowles announced that Destiny's Child would expand back to a quartet, revealing Knowles' younger sister, Solange, as the latest addition to the group.[49] Destiny's Child had previously recorded songs with Solange and shared the stage when she temporarily replaced Rowland after she broke her toes while performing. Their manager, however, said the idea was used to test reactions from the public.[50] In August 2003, Knowles herself confirmed that her sister would not be joining in the group, and instead promoted Solange's debut album, Solo Star, released in January 2003.[51]

text: 2004–2006: Destiny Fulfilled and #1's

text: Three years after the hiatus, members of Destiny's Child reunited to record their fourth and final studio album, Destiny Fulfilled.[7] The album introduces the trio to a harder, "urban" sound, and songs featured are conceptually interrelated.[52] Destiny Fulfilled saw equality in the trio:[17] each member contributed to writing on the majority songs,[53] as well as becoming executive producers aside from their manager.[54] Released on November 15, 2004, Destiny Fulfilled failed to top Survivor; the album reached number two the following week, selling 497,000 copies in its first week, compared to 663,000 for the previous album.[55] Certified three-time platinum in the United States,[16] it was still one of the best-selling albums of 2005, selling over eight million copies worldwide;[45] it pushed the group back into the position of the best-selling female group and American group of the year. Four singles were released from the album: the lead "Lose My Breath", "Soldier", "Cater 2 U" and "Girl"; the first two reached number three in the United States. "Soldier" "Cater 2 U" were certified platinum by the RIAA in 2006.[16]

text: To promote the album, Destiny's Child embarked on their worldwide concert tour, Destiny Fulfilled... and Lovin' It Tour. On June 11, 2005, while at the Palau Sant Jordi in Barcelona, Spain, the group announced before 16,000 people their official breakup.[56] Destiny's Child claimed, however, that naming it Destiny Fulfilled was not a coincidence of sort.[57] Right in the making of the album, they planned to part ways after their fourteen-year career as a group to facilitate their continued pursuit in individual aspirations. Knowles stated that their destinies were already fulfilled.[57] The group exclusively sent a letter to MTV about the decision:

text:
We have been working together as Destiny's Child since we were 9, and touring together since we were 14. After a lot of discussion and some deep soul searching, we realized that our current tour has given us the opportunity to leave Destiny's Child on a high note, united in our friendship and filled with an overwhelming gratitude for our music, our fans, and each other. After all these wonderful years working together, we realized that now is the time to pursue our personal goals and solo efforts in earnest...No matter what happens, we will always love each other as friends and sisters and will always support each other as artists. We want to thank all of our fans for their incredible love and support and hope to see you all again as we continue fulfilling our destinies.
—Destiny's Child, MTV[56]

text: Destiny's Child released their greatest hits album, #1's, on October 25, 2005. The compilation includes their number-one hits including "Independent Woman Part 1", "Say My Name" and "Bootylicious". Three new tracks were recorded for the compilation including "Stand Up for Love", which was recorded for the theme song to the World Children's Day, and "Check on It", a song Knowles recorded for The Pink Panther's soundtrack.[58] Record producer David Foster, his daughter Amy Foster-Gillies and Knowles wrote "Stand Up for Love" as the anthem to the World Children's Day, an annual worldwide event to raise awareness and funds for children causes. Over the past three years, more than $50 million have been raised to benefit Ronald McDonald House Charities and other children's organizations. Destiny's Child lent their voices and support as global ambassadors for the 2005 program.[59] #1's was also released as a DualDisc, featuring the same track listing, seven videos of selected songs and a trailer of the concert DVD Destiny's Child: Live in Atlanta.[58] The DVD was filmed during the Atlanta visit of the Destiny Fulfilled ... And Lovin' It tour, and was released on March 28, 2006. It has been certified platinum by the RIAA, denoting shipments of over one million units.[16] The title of the compilation fueled a ripple as it contained number-one singles, although not exclusively. While the liner notes of the compilation does not present any information regarding commercial performances of the songs featured, writer Keith Caulfield of Billboard magazine suggested that the name could only be "a marketing angle".[60] Despite this, journalist Chris Harris of MTV said that it "lives up to its name".[61]

text: Disbandment and aftermath

text: Destiny's Child reunited for a farewell performance at the 2006 NBA All-Star Game on February 19, 2006 in Houston, Texas; however, Knowles commented, "It's the last album, but it's not the last show."[62][63] Their final televised performance was at the Fashion Rocks benefit concert in New York a few days later.[62] On March 28, 2006, Destiny's Child was inducted into the Hollywood Walk of Fame, the 2,035th recipient of the coveted recognition.[64] At the 2006 BET Awards, Destiny's Child won Best Group, a category they also earned in 2005 and 2001.[65]

text: After their formal disbandment, all members resumed their solo careers and have each experienced different levels of success.[66] Since then, Knowles, Rowland and Williams have continued to collaborate on each other's solo projects through song features, music video appearances, and live performances. Both Rowland and Williams, along with Knowles' sister Solange, appeared in Knowles' music video for her single "Get Me Bodied" (2007). On June 26, 2007, the group made a mini-reunion at the 2007 BET Awards, where Knowles performed "Get Me Bodied" with Williams and Solange as her back-up dancers. After her performance, Knowles introduced Rowland who performed her single "Like This" (2007) with Eve.[67] On the September 2, 2007 Los Angeles stop of The Beyoncé Experience tour, Knowles sang a snippet of "Survivor" with Rowland and Williams, and the latter two rendered a "Happy Birthday" song to Knowles. The performance was featured in Knowles' tour DVD, The Beyoncé Experience Live.[68] In 2008, Knowles recorded a cover of Billy Joel's "Honesty" for Destiny's Child's compilation album Mathew Knowles & Music World Present Vol.1: Love Destiny, which was released only in Japan to celebrate the group's tenth anniversary.[69][70]

text: Rowland made a cameo appearance in Knowles' music video for her single "Party" (2011),[71][72] and the group's third compilation album, Playlist: The Very Best of Destiny's Child, was released in 2012 to mark the fifteenth anniversary since their formation.[73] The fourth compilation album, Love Songs, was released on January 29, 2013, and included the newly recorded song "Nuclear", produced by Pharrell Williams.[74] "Nuclear" marked the first original music from Destiny's Child in eight years.[75] The following month, Rowland and Williams appeared as special guests for Knowles' Super Bowl XLVII halftime show, where they performed "Bootylicious", "Independent Women" and Knowles' own song "Single Ladies (Put a Ring on It)".[76] A video album titled Destiny's Child Video Anthology was released in May 2013 and featured sixteen of the group's music videos.[77] Knowles and Williams were then featured on Rowland's song "You Changed" from her fourth solo album Talk a Good Game (2013).[78] Later that year, Rowland and Williams made cameo appearances in the music videos for Knowles' songs "Superpower" and "Grown Woman", which were both included on her self-titled fifth solo visual album.[79][80] Williams released the single "Say Yes" in June 2014, featuring Knowles and Rowland.[81] They performed "Say Yes" together during the 2015 Stellar Awards, and the live version of the song was mastered for iTunes in April 2015.[82] On November 7, 2016, the group reunited in a video to try the Mannequin Challenge, which was posted on Rowland's official Instagram account.[83]

text: Artistry

text: Musical style and themes

text: Destiny's Child recorded R&B songs with styles that encompasses urban, contemporary, and dance-pop.[84] In the group's original line-up, Knowles was the lead vocalist, Rowland was the second lead vocalist, Luckett was on soprano, and Roberson was on alto.[85][86] Knowles remained as the lead vocalist in the group's final line-up as a trio, however, Rowland and Williams also took turns in singing lead for the majority of their songs.[12][87] Destiny's Child cited R&B singer Janet Jackson as one of their influences.[88] Ann Powers of The New York Times described Destiny's Child music as "fresh and emotional ... these ladies have the best mixes, the savviest samples and especially the most happening beats."[19] In the same publication, Jon Pareles noted that the sound that defines Destiny's Child, aside from Knowles' voice, "is the way its melodies jump in and out of double-time. Above brittle, syncopated rhythm tracks, quickly articulated verses alternate with smoother choruses."[89] The group usually harmonize their vocals in their songs, especially on the ballads. In most instances of their songs, each member sings one verse and chimes in at the chorus.[87] In their third album Survivor (2001), each member sings lead in the majority of the songs.[12] Knowles said, "... everybody is a part of the music ... Everybody is singing lead on every song, and it's so great—because now Destiny's Child is at the point vocally and mentally that it should be at."[90] Knowles, however, completely led songs like "Brown Eyes" and "Dangerously in Love". The group explored their lyrics to man-to-woman relationship, sisterhood and female empowerment anthems.

text: Survivor contains themes interpreted by the public as a reference to the group's internal conflict. The title track, "Survivor", which set the theme used throughout the album,[12] features the lyrics "I'm not gonna blast you on the radio ... I'm not gonna lie on you or your family ... I'm not gonna hate you in the magazine" caused Roberson and Luckett to file a lawsuit against the group; the lyrics were perceived to be a violation over their agreement following a settlement in court.[7] In an interview, Knowles commented: "The lyrics to the single 'Survivor' are Destiny's Child's story, because we've been through a lot, ... We went through our drama with the members ... Any complications we've had in our 10-year period of time have made us closer and tighter and better."[12] In another song called "Fancy", which contains the lyrics "You always tried to compete with me, girl ... find your own identity", was interpreted by critic David Browne, in his review of the album for Entertainment Weekly magazine, as a response to the lawsuit.[91] Stephen Thomas Erlewine of AllMusic summarized Survivor as "a determined, bullheaded record, intent on proving Destiny's Child has artistic merit largely because the group survived internal strife. ... It's a record that tries to be a bold statement of purpose, but winds up feeling forced and artificial."[92] Despite the album's receiving critical praise, Knowles' close involvement has occasionally generated criticism. Knowles wrote and co-produced the bulk of Survivor.[12] Browne suggested that her help made Survivor a "premature, but inevitable, growing pains album".[91] In the majority of the songs on their final studio album Destiny Fulfilled (2004), the verses are divided into three sections, with Knowles singing first, followed by Rowland, then Williams; the three harmonize together during the choruses.[87]

text: Public image

text: Destiny's Child were compared to The Supremes, a 1960s American female singing group, with Knowles being compared to Supremes frontwoman Diana Ross; Knowles, however, has dismissed the notion.[17] Coincidentally, Knowles starred in the film adaptation of the 1981 Broadway musical Dreamgirls as Deena Jones, the front woman of the Dreams, a female singing group based on the Supremes. With Knowles' wide role assumed in the production of Survivor, Gil Kaufman of MTV noted that "it became clear that Beyoncé was emerging as DC's unequivocal musical leader and public face".[7] Her dominance to the creative input in the album made the album "very much her work".[91] For Lola Ogunnaike of The New York Times, "It's been a long-held belief in the music industry that Destiny's Child was little more than a launching pad for Beyoncé Knowles' inevitable solo career."[93]

text: In the wake of Knowles' debut solo album Dangerously in Love (2003), rumors spread about a possible split of Destiny's Child after each member had experienced solo success and had ongoing projects.[56][94] Comparisons were drawn to Justin Timberlake, who did not return to band NSYNC after his breakthrough debut solo album, Justified.[7][94] Rowland responded to such rumors, announcing they were back in the studio together.[95] The group claimed that the reunion was destined to happen[7] and that their affinity to each other kept them cohesive.[52] Margeaux Watson, arts editor at Suede magazine, suggested that Knowles "does not want to appear disloyal to her former partners," and called her decision to return to the group "a charitable one".[93] Knowles' mother, Tina, wrote a 2002-published book, titled Destiny's Style: Bootylicious Fashion, Beauty and Lifestyle Secrets From Destiny's Child, an account of how fashion influenced Destiny's Child's success.[96]

text: Legacy

text: Destiny's Child have been referred to as R&B icons,[97] and have sold more than 60 million records worldwide.[98][99] Following the disbandment of Destiny's Child, MTV's James Montgomery noted that "they have left a fairly sizable legacy behind" as "one of the best-selling female pop vocal groups in history."[100] Billboard observed that Destiny's Child were "defined by a combination of feisty female empowerment anthems, killer dance moves and an eviable fashion sense,"[3] while Essence noted that they "set trends with their harmonious music and cutting-edge style."[101] In 2015, Daisy Jones of Dazed Digital published an article on how the group made a significant impact in R&B music, writing "Without a hint of rose tint, Destiny's Child legitimately transformed the sound of R&B forever... their distinct influence can be found peppered all over today's pop landscape, from Tinashe to Ariana Grande."[102] Nicole Marrow of The Cut magazine believed that R&B music in the 1990s and early 2000s "was virtually redefined by the success of powerhouse performers like TLC and Destiny's Child, who preached a powerful litany of embracing womanhood and celebrating individuality."[103] Hugh McIntyre of Forbes wrote that before The Pussycat Dolls and Danity Kane burst onto the music scene in the mid-2000s, Destiny's Child were "the reigning queens" of the girl group genre.[104]

text: Destiny's Child's final line-up as a trio has been widely noted as the group's most recognizable and successful line-up.[66][105] Billboard recognized them as one of the greatest musical trios of all time; they were also ranked as the third most successful girl group of all time on the Billboard charts, behind TLC and The Supremes.[3][106] The group's single "Independent Women" (2000) ranked second on Billboard's list of the "Top 40 Biggest Girl Group Songs of All Time on the Billboard Hot 100 Chart".[107] "Independent Women" was also acknowledged by the Guinness World Records as the longest-running number-one song on the Hot 100 by a girl group.[108] The term "Bootylicious" (a combination of the words booty and delicious) became popularized by Destiny's Child's single of the same and was later added to the Oxford English Dictionary in 2006.[109] The term was also used to describe Beyoncé during the 2000s decade due to her curvacious figure.[110][111] VH1 included "Bootylicious" on their "100 Greatest Songs of the '00s" list in 2011, and Destiny's Child on their "100 Greatest Women in Music" list the following year.[112][113] Additionally, "Independent Women" was ranked as one of NME's "100 Best Songs of the 00s".[114] Destiny's Child was honored at the 2005 World Music Awards with the World's Best Selling Female Group of All Time Award, which included a 17-minute tribute performance by Patti LaBelle, Usher, Babyface, Rihanna, Amerie and Teairra Mari.[115][116] In 2006, the group was awarded a star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame.[64]

text: Destiny's Child has been credited as a musical influence or inspiration by several artists including Rihanna,[117][118] Meghan Trainor,[119] Fifth Harmony,[120] Little Mix,[121] Girls Aloud,[122][123] Haim,[123][124] Jess Glynne,[125] Katy B,[123][126] and RichGirl.[127] Ciara was inspired to pursue a career in music after seeing Destiny's Child perform on television.[128] Ariana Grande cited Destiny's Child as one of her vocal inspirations, saying that listening to the group's music is how she discovered her range and "learned about harmonies and runs and ad-libs."[129] Meghan Trainor stated that her single "No" (2016) was inspired by the late 1990s and early 2000s sounds of Destiny's Child, NSYNC, and Britney Spears.[130] Fifth Harmony cited Destiny's Child as their biggest inspiration, and even paid tribute to the group by performing a medley of "Say My Name", "Independent Women", "Bootylicious" and "Survivor" on the television show Greatest Hits.[131] Fifth Harmony also incorporated elements of the intro from "Bootylicious" for the intro to their own song "Brave, Honest, Beautiful" (2015).[132]

text: Member timeline

text: Discography

text:
Destiny's Child (1998)
The Writing's on the Wall (1999)
Survivor (2001)
8 Days of Christmas (2001)
Destiny Fulfilled (2004)

text: Tours

text: Headlining

text:
1999 European Tour (1999)
2002 World Tour (2002)
Destiny Fulfilled... and Lovin' It (2005–06)

text: Co-headlining

text: Total Request Live Tour (with 3LW, Dream, Jessica Simpson, City High, Eve and Nelly with the St. Lunatics) (2001)

text: Opening act

text:
SWV World Tour (opened for SWV) (1996)
Evolution Tour (opened for Boyz II Men) (1998)
FanMail Tour (opened for TLC) (1999)
Introducing IMx Tour (opened for IMx) (2000)
Christina Aguilera in Concert (opened for Christina Aguilera) (2000)
(You Drive Me) Crazy Tour (opened for Britney Spears) (2000)

text: Awards and nominations

text: The Grammy Awards are awarded annually by the National Academy of Recording Arts and Sciences. Destiny's Child has won three awards from fourteen nominations.

text:
Year
Nominee/work
Award
Result

2000
"Bills, Bills, Bills"
Best R&B Performance by a Duo or Group with Vocals
Nominated

Best R&B Song
Nominated

2001
"Independent Women"
Best Song Written for a Motion Picture, Television or Other Visual Media
Nominated

"Say My Name"
Record of the Year
Nominated

Song of the Year
Nominated

Best R&B Song
Won

Best R&B Performance by a Duo or Group with Vocals
Won

2002
"Survivor"
Won

Survivor
Best R&B Album
Nominated

2005
"Lose My Breath"
Best R&B Performance by a Duo or Group with Vocals
Nominated

2006
"Cater 2 U"
Nominated

Best R&B Song[133]
Nominated

"Soldier" (feat. T.I. and Lil Wayne)
Best Rap/Sung Collaboration
Nominated

Destiny Fulfilled
Best Contemporary R&B Album
Nominated