document_title: Domestication

question_text: where were the early centers of crop domestication

text: Domestication

text: Overview[edit]

text: Domestication, from the Latin domesticus, 'belonging to the house',[14] is "a sustained multi-generational, mutualistic relationship in which one organism assumes a significant degree of influence over the reproduction and care of another organism in order to secure a more predictable supply of a resource of interest, and through which the partner organism gains advantage over individuals that remain outside this relationship, thereby benefitting and often increasing the fitness of both the domesticator and the target domesticate."[1][15][16][17][18] This definition recognizes both the biological and the cultural components of the domestication process and the impacts on both humans and the domesticated animals and plants. All past definitions of domestication have included a relationship between humans with plants and animals, but their differences lay in who was considered as the lead partner in the relationship. This new definition recognizes a mutualistic relationship in which both partners gain benefits. Domestication has vastly enhanced the reproductive output of crop plants, livestock, and pets far beyond that of their wild progenitors. Domesticates have provided humans with resources that they could more predictably and securely control, move, and redistribute, which has been the advantage that had fueled a population explosion of the agro-pastoralists and their spread to all corners of the planet.[18]

text: Houseplants and ornamentals are plants domesticated primarily for aesthetic enjoyment in and around the home, while those domesticated for large-scale food production are called crops. Domesticated plants deliberately altered or selected for special desirable characteristics are cultigens. Animals domesticated for home companionship are called pets, while those domesticated for food or work are known as livestock.

text: This biological mutualism is not restricted to humans with domestic crops and livestock but is well-documented in nonhuman species, especially among a number of social insect domesticators and their plant and animal domesticates, for example the ant–fungus mutualism that exists between leafcutter ants and certain fungi.[1]

text: Domestication syndrome is the suite of phenotypic traits arising during domestication that distinguish crops from their wild ancestors.[5][19] The term is also applied to vertebrate animals, and includes increased docility and tameness, coat color changes, reductions in tooth size, changes in craniofacial morphology, alterations in ear and tail form (e.g., floppy ears), more frequent and nonseasonal estrus cycles, alterations in adrenocorticotropic hormone levels, changed concentrations of several neurotransmitters, prolongations in juvenile behavior, and reductions in both total brain size and of particular brain regions.[20]

text: The domestication of animals and plants began with the wolf (Canis lupus) at least 15,000 years before present (YBP), which then led to a rapid shift in the evolution, ecology, and demography of both humans and numerous species of animals and plants.[21][7] The sudden appearance of the domestic dog (Canis lupus familiaris) in the archaeological record was followed by livestock and crop domestication, and the transition of humans from foraging to farming in different places and times across the planet.[21][22][23] Around 10,000 YBP, a new way of life emerged for humans through the management and exploitation of plant and animal species, leading to higher-density populations in the centers of domestication,[21][24] the expansion of agricultural economies, and the development of urban communities.[21][25]

text: A 2018 domestication study looked at the reasons why the archeological record that is based on the dating of fossil remains often differed from the genetic record contained within the cells of living species. The study concluded that our inability to date domestication is because domestication is a continuum and there is no single point where we can say that a species was clearly domesticated using these two techniques. The study proposes that changes in morphology across time and how humans were interacting with the species in the past needs to be considered in addition to these two techniques.[26]

text: Animals[edit]

text: Theory[edit]

text: The domestication of animals is the mutual relationship between animals with the humans who have influence on their care and reproduction.[1] Charles Darwin recognized the small number of traits that made domestic species different from their wild ancestors. He was also the first to recognize the difference between conscious selective breeding in which humans directly select for desirable traits, and unconscious selection where traits evolve as a by-product of natural selection or from selection on other traits.[2][3][4] There is a genetic difference between domestic and wild populations. There is also such a difference between the domestication traits that researchers believe to have been essential at the early stages of domestication, and the improvement traits that have appeared since the split between wild and domestic populations.[5][6][7] Domestication traits are generally fixed within all domesticates, and were selected during the initial episode of domestication of that animal or plant, whereas improvement traits are present only in a proportion of domesticates, though they may be fixed in individual breeds or regional populations.[6][7][8]

text: Domestication should not be confused with taming. Taming is the conditioned behavioral modification of an animal to reduce its natural avoidance of humans, and to accept the presence of humans. Domestication is the permanent genetic modification of a bred lineage that leads to an inherited predisposition towards humans.[28][29][30] Certain animal species, and certain individuals within those species, make better candidates for domestication than others because they exhibit certain behavioral characteristics: (1) the size and organization of their social structure; (2) the availability and the degree of selectivity in their choice of mates; (3) the ease and speed with which the parents bond with their young, and the maturity and mobility of the young at birth; (4) the degree of flexibility in diet and habitat tolerance; and (5) responses to humans and new environments, including flight responses and reactivity to external stimuli.[18]:Fig 1[31][32][33]

text: Mammals[edit]

text: The beginnings of animal domestication involved a protracted coevolutionary process with multiple stages along different pathways.[7] It is proposed that there were three major pathways that most animal domesticates followed into domestication: (1) commensals, adapted to a human niche (e.g., dogs, cats, fowl, possibly pigs); (2) prey animals sought for food (e.g., sheep, goats, cattle, water buffalo, yak, pig, reindeer, llama and alpaca); and (3) targeted animals for draft and nonfood resources (e.g., horse, donkey, camel).[7][12][18][34][35][36][37] The dog was the first domesticant,[10][11] and was established across Eurasia before the end of the Late Pleistocene era, well before cultivation and before the domestication of other animals.[10] Humans did not intend to domesticate animals from, or at least they did not envision a domesticated animal resulting from, either the commensal or prey pathways. In both of these cases, humans became entangled with these species as the relationship between them, and the human role in their survival and reproduction, intensified, leading eventually to a formalised animal husbandry.[7] Although the directed pathway proceeded from capture to taming, the other two pathways are not as goal-oriented and archaeological records suggest that they took place over much longer time frames.[13]

text: Unlike other domestic species which were primarily selected for production-related traits, dogs were initially selected for their behaviors.[38][39] The archaeological and genetic data suggest that long-term bidirectional gene flow between wild and domestic stocks – including donkeys, horses, New and Old World camelids, goats, sheep, and pigs – was common.[7][12] One study has concluded that human selection for domestic traits likely counteracted the homogenizing effect of gene flow from wild boars into pigs and created domestication islands in the genome. The same process may also apply to other domesticated animals.[40][41]

text: Birds[edit]

text: Domesticated birds principally mean poultry, raised for meat and eggs:[42] some Galliformes (chicken, turkey, guineafowl) and Anseriformes (waterfowl: duck, goose, swan). Also widely domesticated are cagebirds such as songbirds and parrots; these are kept both for pleasure and for use in research.[43] Domestic pigeon is known as a messenger, research suggests it was domesticated as early as 10,000 years ago.[44] Chickens were domesticated at least 7,000 years ago, with fossils in China from c. 5400 BC. The chicken's wild ancestor is Gallus gallus, the red junglefowl of Southeast Asia, and another species, probably the grey junglefowl of India. It appears to have been kept initially for cockfighting rather than for food.[45]

text: Invertebrates[edit]

text: Two insects, the silkworm and the western honey bee, have been domesticated for over 5,000 years, often for commercial use. The silkworm is raised for the silk threads wound around its pupal cocoon; the western honey bee, for honey, and, lately, for pollination of crops.[46]

text: Several other invertebrates have been domesticated, both terrestrial and aquatic, including some such as Drosophila melanogaster fruit flies and the freshwater cnidarian Hydra for research into genetics and physiology. Few have a long history of domestication. Most are used for food or other products such as shellac and cochineal. The phyla involved are Cnidaria, Platyhelminthes (for biological control), Annelida, Mollusca, Arthropoda (marine crustaceans as well as insects and spiders), and Echinodermata. While many marine molluscs are used for food, only a few have been domesticated, including squid, cuttlefish and octopus, all used in research on behaviour and neurology. Terrestrial snails in the genera Helix and Murex are raised for food. Several parasitic or parasitoidal insects including the fly Eucelatoria, the beetle Chrysolina, and the wasp Aphytis are raised for biological control. Conscious or unconscious artificial selection has many effects on species under domestication; variability can readily be lost by inbreeding, selection against undesired traits, or genetic drift, while in Drosophila, variability in eclosion time (when adults emerge) has increased.[47]

text: Plants[edit]

text: The initial domestication of animals impacted most on the genes that controlled their behavior, but the initial domestication of plants impacted most on the genes that controlled their morphology (seed size, plant architecture, dispersal mechanisms) and their physiology (timing of germination or ripening).[18][23]

text: The domestication of wheat provides an example. Wild wheat shatters and falls to the ground to reseed itself when ripe, but domesticated wheat stays on the stem for easier harvesting. This change was possible because of a random mutation in the wild populations at the beginning of wheat's cultivation. Wheat with this mutation was harvested more frequently and became the seed for the next crop. Therefore, without realizing, early farmers selected for this mutation. The result is domesticated wheat, which relies on farmers for its reproduction and dissemination.[48]

text: History[edit]

text: The earliest human attempts at plant domestication occurred in the Middle East. There is early evidence for conscious cultivation and trait selection of plants by pre-Neolithic groups in Syria: grains of rye with domestic traits have been recovered from Epi-Palaeolithic (c. 11,050 BCE) contexts at Abu Hureyra in Syria,[49] but this appears to be a localised phenomenon resulting from cultivation of stands of wild rye, rather than a definitive step towards domestication.[49]

text: By 10,000 BCE the bottle gourd (Lagenaria siceraria) plant, used as a container before the advent of ceramic technology, appears to have been domesticated. The domesticated bottle gourd reached the Americas from Asia by 8000 BCE, most likely due to the migration of peoples from Asia to America.[50]

text: Cereal crops were first domesticated around 9000 BCE in the Fertile Crescent in the Middle East. The first domesticated crops were generally annuals with large seeds or fruits. These included pulses such as peas and grains such as wheat. The Middle East was especially suited to these species; the dry-summer climate was conducive to the evolution of large-seeded annual plants, and the variety of elevations led to a great variety of species. As domestication took place humans began to move from a hunter-gatherer society to a settled agricultural society. This change would eventually lead, some 4000 to 5000 years later, to the first city states and eventually the rise of civilization itself.

text: Continued domestication was gradual, a process of intermittent trial and error. Over time perennials and small trees including the apple and the olive were domesticated. Some plants, such as the macadamia nut and the pecan, were not domesticated until recently.

text: In other parts of the world very different species were domesticated. In the Americas squash, maize, beans, and perhaps manioc (also known as cassava) formed the core of the diet. In East Asia millet, rice, and soy were the most important crops. Some areas of the world such as Southern Africa, Australia, California and southern South America never saw local species domesticated.

text: Differences from wild plants[edit]

text: Domesticated plants may differ from their wild relatives in many ways, including

text:
the way they spread to a more diverse environment and have a wider geographic range;[51]
different ecological preference (sun, water, temperature, nutrients, etc. requirements), different disease susceptibility;
conversion from a perennial to annual;
loss of seed dormancy and photoperiodic controls;
simultaneous flower and fruit, double flowers;
a lack of shattering or scattering of seeds, or even loss of their dispersal mechanisms completely;
less efficient breeding system (e.g. lack normal pollinating organs, making human intervention a requirement), smaller seeds with lower success in the wild, or even complete sexual sterility (e.g. seedless fruits) and therefore only vegetative reproduction;
less defensive adaptations such as hairs, thorns, spines, and prickles, poison, protective coverings and sturdiness, rendering them more likely to be eaten by animals and pests unless cared by humans;
chemical composition, giving them better palatability (e.g. sugar content), better smell, and lower toxicity

text: edible part larger, and easier separated from non-edible part (e.g. freestone fruit).

text: Traits that are being genetically improved[edit]

text: There are many challenges facing modern farmers, including climate change, pests, soil salinity, drought, and periods with limited sunlight.[52]

text: Drought is one of the most serious challenges facing farmers today. With shifting climates comes shifting weather patterns, meaning that regions that could traditionally rely on a substantial amount of precipitation were, quite literally, left out to dry. In light of these conditions, drought resistance in major crop plants has become a clear priority.[53] One method is to identify the genetic basis of drought resistance in naturally drought resistant plants, i.e. the Bambara groundnut. Next, transferring these advantages to otherwise vulnerable crop plants. Rice, which is one of the most vulnerable crops in terms of drought, has been successfully improved by the addition of the Barley hva1 gene into the genome using transgenetics. Drought resistance can also be improved through changes in a plant's root system architecture,[54] such as a root orientation that maximizes water retention and nutrient uptake. There must be a continued focus on the efficient usage of available water on a planet that is expected to have a population in excess of nine-billion people by 2050.

text: Another specific area of genetic improvement for domesticated crops is the crop plant's uptake and utilization of soil potassium, an essential element for crop plants yield and overall quality. A plant's ability to effectively uptake potassium and utilize it efficiently is known as its potassium utilization efficiency.[55] It has been suggested that first optimizing plant root architecture and then root potassium uptake activity may effectively improve plant potassium utilization efficiency.

text: Crop plants that are being genetically improved[edit]

text: Cereals, rice, wheat, corn, and barley, make up a huge amount of the global diet across all demographic and social scales. These cereal crop plants are all autogamous, i.e. self- fertilizing, which limits overall diversity in allelic combinations, and therefore adaptability to novel environments.[56] To combat this issue the researchers suggest an "Island Model of Genomic Selection". By breaking a single large population of cereal crop plants into several smaller sub-populations which can receive "migrants" from the other subpopulations, new genetic combinations can be generated.

text: The Bambara groundnut is a durable crop plant that, like many underutilized crops, has received little attention in an agricultural sense. The Bambara Groundnut is drought resistant and is known to be able to grow in almost any soil conditions, no matter how impoverished an area may be. New genomic and transcriptomic approaches are allowing researchers to improve this relatively small-scale crop, as well as other large-scale crop plants.[57] The reduction in cost, and wide availability of both microarray technology and Next Generation Sequencing have made it possible to analyze underutilized crops, like the groundnut, at genome-wide level. Not overlooking particular crops that don't appear to hold any value outside of the developing world will be key to not only overall crop improvement, but also to reducing the global dependency on only a few crop plants, which holds many intrinsic dangers to the global population's food supply.[57]

text: Challenges facing genetic improvement[edit]

text: The semi-arid tropics, ranging from parts of North and South Africa,Asia especially in the South Pacific, all the way to Australia are notorious for being both economically destitute and agriculturally difficult to cultivate and farm effectively. Barriers include everything from lack of rainfall and diseases, to economic isolation and environmental irresponsibility.[58] There is a large interest in the continued efforts, of the International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics (ICRSAT) to improve staple foods. some mandated crops of ICRISAT include the groundnut, pigeonpea, chickpea, sorghum and pearl millet, which are the main staple foods for nearly one billion people in the semi-arid tropics.[59] As part of the ICRISAT efforts, some wild plant breeds are being used to transfer genes to cultivated crops by interspecific hybridization involving modern methods of embryo rescue and tissue culture.[60] One example of early success has been work to combat the very detrimental peanut clump virus. Transgenetic plants containing the coat protein gene for resistance against peanut clump virus have already been produced successfully.[59] Another region threatened by food security are the Pacific Island Countries, which are disproportionally faced with the negative effects of climate change. The Pacific Islands are largely made up of a chain of small bodies of land, which obviously limits the amount of geographical area in which to farm. This leaves the region with only two viable options 1.) increase agricultural production or 2.) increase food importation. The latter of course runs into the issues of availability and economic feasibility, leaving only the first option as a viable means to solve the region's food crisis. It is much easier to misuse the limited resources remaining, as compared with solving the problem at its' core.[61]

text: Working with wild plants to improve domestics[edit]

text: Work has also has been focusing on improving domestic crops through the use of crop wild relatives.[59] The amount and depth of genetic material available in crop wild relatives is larger than originally believed, and the range of plants involved, both wild and domestic, is ever expanding.[62] Through the use of new biotechnological tools such as genome editing, cisgenesis/intragenesis, the transfer of genes between crossable donor species including hybrids, and other omic approaches.[62]

text: Wild plants can be hybridized with crop plants to form perennial crops from annuals, increase yield, growth rate, and resistance to outside pressures like disease and drought.[63] It is important to remember that these changes take significant lengths of time to achieve, sometimes even decades. However, the outcome can be extremly successful as is the case with a hybrid grass variant known as Kernza.[63] Over the course of nearly three decades, work was done on an attempted hybridization between an already domesticated grass strain, and several of its wild relatives. The domesticated strain as was more uniform in its orientation, but the wild strains were larger and propagated faster. The resulting Kernza crop has traits from both progenitors: uniform orientation and a linearly vertical root system from the domesticated crop, along with increased size and rate of propagation from the wild relatives.[63]

text: Fungi[edit]

text: Several species of fungi have been domesticated for use directly as food, or in fermentation to produce foods and drugs. The white button mushroom Agaricus bisporus is widely grown for food.[64] The yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae have been used for thousands of years to ferment beer and wine, and to leaven bread.[65] Mould fungi including Penicillium are used to mature cheeses and other dairy products, as well as to make drugs such as antibiotics.[66]

text: Effects[edit]

text: On domestic animals[edit]

text: Selection of animals for visible "desirable" traits may have undesired consequences. Captive and domesticated animals often have smaller size, piebald color, shorter faces with smaller and fewer teeth, diminished horns, weak muscle ridges, and less genetic variability. Poor joint definition, late fusion of the limb bone epiphyses with the diaphyses, hair changes, greater fat accumulation, smaller brains, simplified behavior patterns, extended immaturity, and more pathology are among the defects of domestic animals. All of these changes have been documented by archaeological evidence, and confirmed by animal breeders in the 20th century.[67] In 2014, a study proposed the theory that under selection, docility in mammals and birds results partly from a slowed pace of neural crest development, that would in turn cause a reduced fear–startle response due to mild neurocristopathy that causes domestication syndrome. The theory was unable to explain curly tails nor domestication syndrome exhibited by plants.[20]

text: A side effect of domestication has been zoonotic diseases. For example, cattle have given humanity various viral poxes, measles, and tuberculosis; pigs and ducks have given influenza; and horses have given the rhinoviruses. Many parasites have their origins in domestic animals.[3][page needed] The advent of domestication resulted in denser human populations which provided ripe conditions for pathogens to reproduce, mutate, spread, and eventually find a new host in humans.[citation needed]

text: Paul Shepard writes "Man substitutes controlled breeding for natural selection; animals are selected for special traits like milk production or passivity, at the expense of overall fitness and nature-wide relationships...Though domestication broadens the diversity of forms – that is, increases visible polymorphism – it undermines the crisp demarcations that separate wild species and cripples our recognition of the species as a group. Knowing only domestic animals dulls our understanding of the way in which unity and discontinuity occur as patterns in nature, and substitutes an attention to individuals and breeds. The wide variety of size, color, shape, and form of domestic horses, for example, blurs the distinction among different species of Equus that once were constant and meaningful."[68]

text: On society[edit]

text: Jared Diamond in his book Guns, Germs, and Steel describes the universal tendency for populations that have acquired agriculture and domestic animals to develop a large population and to expand into new territories. He recounts migrations of people armed with domestic crops overtaking, displacing or killing indigenous hunter-gatherers,[3]:p112 whose lifestyle is coming to an end.[3]:p86

text: Some anarcho-primitivist authors describe domestication as the process by which previously nomadic human populations shifted towards a sedentary or settled existence through agriculture and animal husbandry. They claim that this kind of domestication demands a totalitarian relationship with both the land and the plants and animals being domesticated. They say that whereas, in a state of wildness, all life shares and competes for resources, domestication destroys this balance. Domesticated landscape (e.g. pastoral lands/agricultural fields and, to a lesser degree, horticulture and gardening) ends the open sharing of resources; where "this was everyone's", it is now "mine". Anarcho-primitivists state that this notion of ownership laid the foundation for social hierarchy as property and power emerged. It also involved the destruction, enslavement, or assimilation of other groups of early people who did not make such a transition.[69]

text: On diversity[edit]

text: In 2016, a study found that humans have had a major impact on global genetic diversity as well as extinction rates, including a contribution to megafaunal extinctions. Pristine landscapes no longer exist and have not existed for millennia, and humans have concentrated the planet's biomass into human-favored plants and animals. Domesticated ecosystems provide food, reduce predator and natural dangers, and promote commerce, but have also resulted in habitat loss and extinctions commencing in the Late Pleistocene. Ecologists and other researchers are advised to make better use of the archaeological and paleoecological data available for gaining an understanding the history of human impacts before proposing solutions.[70]


document_title: Overtime (ice hockey)

question_text: what was the longest shootout in nhl history

question_tokens: what was the longest shootout in nhl history

root

text: Overtime (ice hockey)

text: Overtime periods[edit]

text: Overtime periods are extra periods beyond the third regulation period during a game, where normal hockey rules apply. Although in the past, full-length overtime periods were played, overtimes today are golden goal (a form of sudden death), meaning that the game ends immediately when a player scores a goal.

tag: p

text: North American overtime[edit]

text: From November 21, 1942,[1] when overtime was eliminated due to war time restrictions and continuing until the 1983–84 season, all NHL regular-season games tied after 60 minutes of play ended as ties. On June 23, 1983, the NHL introduced a regular-season overtime period of five minutes. If the five-minute overtime period ended with no scoring, the game ended as a tie (the World Hockey Association had used a 10-minute regular season overtime period, as had the NHL prior to World War II). In the first games to go to overtime, on October 5, 1983, the Minnesota North Stars and Los Angeles Kings skated to a 3–3 tie, and the Detroit Red Wings and Winnipeg Jets tied 6–6. The first regular-season game decided by overtime was on October 8, 1983, as the New York Islanders beat the Washington Capitals 8–7.[2]

text: In 1987–88 and since 1995, the American Hockey League has awarded teams one point in the standings for an overtime loss (OTL). In 1998, the AHL introduced a rule where teams will play the five-minute overtime period with four skaters and a goaltender, rather than at full strength (five skaters), except in two-man advantage situations. In a two-man advantage situation, the team with the advantage will play with five skaters against three skaters. The rule was popular and adopted by the NHL and ECHL the next season.

text: Alex Ovechkin has the record for most NHL overtime goals with 20.

text: In the Stanley Cup playoffs and in all one-game playoffs, overtime periods are played like regulation periods except for the golden goal rule – in an overtime period, the game ends when one team scores a goal; the teams are at full strength (five skaters, barring penalties), there is no shootout, and each overtime period is 20 minutes with full intermissions between overtime periods. Three of the game's legendary players, Mark Messier (109 playoff goals), Mario Lemieux (77 goals), and Gordie Howe (68 goals) never scored a playoff overtime goal.

text: In many leagues (including the NHL for regular-season games since the 2005–06 season) and in international competitions, a failure to reach a decision in a single overtime may lead to a shootout. Some leagues may eschew overtime periods altogether and end games in shootout should teams be tied at the end of regulation. In the ECHL, regular season overtime periods are played four on four for one five-minute period. In the Southern Professional Hockey League, regular season overtime periods are played three on three for one five-minute period, with penalties resulting in the opponents skating one additional player on ice (up to two additional players) for the penalty for the first three minutes, and a penalty shot in the final two minutes. The AHL, since the 2014–15 season, extended the overtime to seven minutes, with the last three minutes reduced further to three men aside and teams getting an additional skater for each opponent's penalty.[3] The idea of using 3-on-3 skaters for the entirety of a five-minute overtime period for a regular season game was adopted by the NHL on June 24, 2015, for use in the 2015–16 NHL season.[4]

text: International overtime[edit]

text: In IIHF play, rules for overtime depend on the stage of the competition. For a round robin or preliminary round game that goes to overtime, the teams will play a maximum of five minutes of 3-on-3 hockey in the "golden goal" format. If no one scores in the five minute overtime, a three-round shootout will decide the winner. In the case of a playoff game or a bronze medal game, the teams will play a maximum of ten minutes of 4-on-4 hockey in the "golden goal" format. If there is no score in the overtime, a five-round shootout will decide the winner. If the gold medal game of a top category IIHF championship goes to overtime, the teams will play a maximum of twenty minutes of 5-on-5 hockey in the "golden goal" format. If there is no winner after the overtime, a five-round shootout will decide the winner. In all cases, the teams must change ends, and defend the same side that they did in the second period.[5]

text: Shootout[edit]

text: International shootouts[edit]

text: In international competition, shootouts (or more formally, game-winning shots (GWS), and, in some European countries, bullets, or bullits[6][7]), are often used. Each coach selects three skaters from their team to take penalty shots one at a time against the opposing goaltender, with teams alternating shots. Each team gets one shot per round. The winner is the team with more goals after three rounds or the team that amasses an unreachable advantage before then (ex. a team gains a two-goal lead with only one round left). If the shootout is tied after three rounds, tie-breaker rounds are played one at a time (with each team taking one additional shot) until there is a winner.

text: The IIHF first adopted the game-winning-shot procedure in 1992 when a new playoff procedure in the Winter Olympics and World Championships required a winner for each game. At that time, the shootout was five rounds and only used for knock-out games. In 2006, it was reduced to three rounds and used for all games, eliminating the possibility of tied games at IIHF events. Tie-breaker rounds are still used as needed, and the same or new players can take the tie-break shots, which is also done in reverse order.[8] As of May 2016, all IIHF preliminary round games that are not decided by overtime, are decided by a three-round shootout. However, all playoff, bronze medal games and gold medal games of IIHF top level championships (especially the Olympics) are decided by five round shooutouts.[5]

text: North American shootouts[edit]

text: Most lower minor leagues (ECHL, Central, UHL) have featured a shootout where, at the end of regulation, a shootout similar to the international tournament format is used.

text: However, in 2000, the ECHL adopted the AHL's four-on-four overtime before the shootout.

text: For the 2004–05 AHL season, the AHL adopted a five-man shootout, which was first used in that league in 1986–87. The standard five-man shootout is used after four-on-four overtime for all minor leagues in North America. The AHL switched to the NHL formatted three-man shootout for the 2014–15 season.[3]

text: The Central Collegiate Hockey Association added the shootout as of the 2008–09 season.

text: Following the lead of minor leagues, as of the 2005–06 season, the NHL ends exhibition and regular season games still tied after a five-minute-length, three-skaters-per-side overtime period (as of the 2015–16 NHL season onwards) with a shootout. The NHL format is a three-round shootout with tiebreaker rounds as needed. All skaters (except goalies) on a team's roster must shoot before any player can shoot a second time. On December 16, 2014 the longest shootout in NHL history went to 20 rounds before Nick Bjugstad of the Florida Panthers scored to defeat the Washington Capitals; the previous record was 15 rounds.[9]

text: The shootout is not used in the playoffs for any North American league. Instead, full 20-minute overtime periods are played until one team scores a goal.

text: In the National Hockey League and American Hockey League All-Star Skills Competitions, the competition ends in a penalty shootout known as the Breakaway Relay.

text: Tactics[edit]

text: Tactics are very important during penalty shots and overtime shootouts for both the shooter and the goalie. Both shooters and goalies commonly consult their teammates and coaches for advice on the opposing player's style of play. Shooters often consider the goalie's strengths and weaknesses (such as a fast glove or stick save), preferred goaltending style (such as butterfly or stand-up) and method of challenging the shooter. Goaltenders often consider the shooter's shot preference, expected angle of attack, a patented move a shooter commonly uses and even handedness of the shooter.

text: Most shooters attempt to out-deke the goalie in order to create a better scoring chance. Former Detroit Red Wings forward Pavel Datsyuk and New York Rangers forward Martin St. Louis are examples of players who commonly use this tactic. However, it is not uncommon for a shooter to simply shoot for an opening without deking. This is commonly referred to as sniping. This is most commonly performed when a goalie challenges a shooter by giving them an open hole (by keeping a glove, pad or stick out of position or being out of sound goaltending position altogether to tempt the shooter to aim for the given opening). Former NHL forwards Markus Näslund and Brett Hull are two players commonly referred to as snipers. Very rarely a shooter may take a slapshot or wrist shot from the point or top of the slot. This is almost exclusively performed when a shooter either has a high level of confidence in their shot or they attempt to catch the goalie by surprise. Retired player Brian Rolston, Detroit Red Wings winger Todd Bertuzzi, Philadelphia Flyers defenseman Chris Pronger, and Vancouver Canucks winger Daniel Sedin have all used this tactic with success.

text: List of notable overtime games[edit]

text: The longest overtime game in history was an in Norwegian GET-ligaen. The game ended after 157:14 of overtime, in the 8th overtime period.

text: NHL[edit]

text: This is a list of all National Hockey League (NHL) overtime games that went into at least three overtimes (winning team is bold).

text:
Overtime
Overtime length
(min:sec)
Away Team
Score
Home Team
Date
Scorer
Arena

1.
6th
116:30
Detroit Red Wings

1–0

Montreal Maroons
March 24, 1936
Mud Bruneteau
Montreal Forum

2.
6th
104:46
Boston Bruins

0–1

Toronto Maple Leafs
April 3, 1933 †
Ken Doraty
Maple Leaf Gardens

3.
5th
92:01
Philadelphia Flyers

2–1

Pittsburgh Penguins
May 4, 2000
Keith Primeau
Mellon Arena

4.
5th
80:48
Mighty Ducks of Anaheim

4–3

Dallas Stars
April 24, 2003
Petr Sykora
American Airlines Center

5.
4th
79:15
Pittsburgh Penguins

3–2

Washington Capitals
April 24, 1996
Petr Nedved
USAir Arena

6.
4th
78:06
Dallas Stars

4–5

Vancouver Canucks
April 11, 2007
Henrik Sedin
General Motors Place

7.
4th
70:18
Toronto Maple Leafs

3–2

Detroit Red Wings
March 23, 1943
Jack McLean
Detroit Olympia

8.
4th
69:03
San Jose Sharks

1–2

Dallas Stars
May 4, 2008 †
Brenden Morrow
American Airlines Center

9.
5th[10]
68:52
New York Rangers

1–2

Montreal Canadiens
March 28, 1930
Gus Rivers
Montreal Forum

10.
4th
68:47
New York Islanders

3–2

Washington Capitals
April 18, 1987 †† (See page)
Pat LaFontaine
Capital Centre

11.
4th
65:43
New Jersey Devils

0–1

Buffalo Sabres
April 27, 1994
Dave Hannan
Buffalo Memorial Auditorium

12.
4th
61:09
Montreal Canadiens

3–2

Detroit Red Wings
March 27, 1951
Maurice Richard
Detroit Olympia

13.
4th
60:40
New York Americans

3–2

New York Rangers
March 27, 1938
Lorne Carr
Madison Square Garden

14.
3rd
59:32
New York Rangers

4–3

Montreal Canadiens
March 26, 1932
Fred Cook
Montreal Forum

15.
3rd
59:25
Boston Bruins

2–1

New York Rangers
March 21, 1939
Mel Hill
Madison Square Garden

16.
3rd
57:34
Dallas Stars

3–2

Edmonton Oilers
April 27, 1999 †
Joe Nieuwendyk
Skyreach Centre

17.
3rd
56:12
Chicago Blackhawks

3–2

Anaheim Ducks
May 19, 2015
Marcus Krüger
Honda Center

18.
3rd
55:13
Edmonton Oilers

3–2

Boston Bruins
May 15, 1990*
Petr Klima
Boston Garden

19.
3rd
54:51
Dallas Stars

2–1

Buffalo Sabres
June 19, 1999** †
Brett Hull
Marine Midland Arena

20.
3rd
54:47
Detroit Red Wings

3–2

Carolina Hurricanes
June 8, 2002*
Igor Larionov
Raleigh Entertainment & Sports Arena

21.
3rd
54:41
New York Rangers

2–1

Washington Capitals
May 2, 2012
Marian Gaborik
Verizon Center

22.
3rd
53:54
Philadelphia Flyers

3–2

Toronto Maple Leafs
April 16, 2003
Mark Recchi
Air Canada Centre

23.
3rd
53:50
Chicago Blackhawks

3–2

Montreal Canadiens
April 9, 1931*
Cy Wentworth
Montreal Forum

24.
3rd
52:12
Montreal Canadiens

1–2

Chicago Blackhawks
March 26, 1961
Murray Balfour
Chicago Stadium

25.
3rd
52:08
Boston Bruins

3–4

Chicago Blackhawks
June 12, 2013*
Andrew Shaw
United Center

26.
3rd
51:49
Detroit Red Wings

2–1

Montreal Canadiens
April 1, 1937
Hec Kilrea
Montreal Forum

27.
3rd
51:43
Chicago Blackhawks

2–2[11]

Montreal Canadiens
March 26, 1930
Howie Morenz
Montreal Forum

T28.
3rd
51:12
Tampa Bay Lightning

1–2

New Jersey Devils
May 2, 2003 †
Grant Marshall
Continental Airlines Arena

T28.
3rd
51:12
San Jose Sharks

3–4

Nashville Predators
May 5, 2016
Mike Fisher
Bridgestone Arena

30.
3rd
50:02
Chicago Blackhawks

2–1

Calgary Flames
April 23, 1996 †
Joe Murphy
Canadian Airlines Saddledome

31.
3rd
49:57
Pittsburgh Penguins

4–3

Detroit Red Wings
June 2, 2008*
Petr Sykora
Joe Louis Arena

32.
3rd
48:00
New York Rangers

1–2

Boston Bruins
April 2, 1939
Mel Hill
Boston Garden

33.
3rd
47:37
New Jersey Devils

3–4

Montreal Canadiens
April 24, 1997
Patrice Brisebois
Molson Centre

34.
3rd
47:06
Ottawa Senators

4–3

Pittsburgh Penguins
April 22, 2010
Matt Carkner
Mellon Arena

35.
3rd
46:21
Dallas Stars

1–0

New Jersey Devils
June 8, 2000*
Mike Modano
Continental Airlines Arena

36.
2nd[12]
45:35
Boston Bruins

2–1

Montreal Maroons
March 20, 1930
Harry Oliver
Montreal Forum

37.
3rd
44:52
Montreal Canadiens

1–2

Detroit Red Wings
March 22, 1949
Max McNab
Detroit Olympia

38.
3rd
44:33
Colorado Avalanche

3–2

Chicago Blackhawks
May 8, 1996
Joe Sakic
United Center

39.
3rd
44:31
Colorado Avalanche

1–0

Florida Panthers
June 10, 1996** †
Uwe Krupp
Miami Arena

40.
3rd
44:30
Ottawa Senators

2–3

Toronto Maple Leafs
May 4, 2002
Gary Roberts
Air Canada Centre

41.
3rd
44:03
Tampa Bay Lightning

2–1

Washington Capitals
April 20, 2003 †
Martin St. Louis
MCI Center

42.
3rd
43:18
Mighty Ducks of Anaheim

2–1

Detroit Red Wings
April 10, 2003
Paul Kariya
Joe Louis Arena

43.
3rd
43:00
Toronto Maple Leafs

5–4

Detroit Red Wings
March 27, 1960
Frank Mahovlich
Detroit Olympia

44.
3rd
42:28
Vancouver Canucks

5–4

Calgary Flames
April 17, 2004
Brendan Morrison
Pengrowth Saddledome

45.
3rd
42:24
San Jose Sharks

2–3

Edmonton Oilers
May 10, 2006
Shawn Horcoff
Rexall Place

46.
3rd
42:20
Montreal Canadiens

1–0

Detroit Red Wings
March 29, 1951
Maurice Richard
Detroit Olympia

47.
3rd
41:31
Mighty Ducks of Anaheim

2–3

Detroit Red Wings
May 4, 1997
Vyacheslav Kozlov
Joe Louis Arena

48.
3rd
41:19
Chicago Blackhawks

2–3

New York Rangers
April 29, 1971
Pete Stemkowski
Madison Square Garden

49.
3rd
41:15
Anaheim Ducks

4–3

Detroit Red Wings
May 3, 2009
Todd Marchant
Joe Louis Arena

50.
3rd
41:00
Nashville Predators

2–3

Chicago Blackhawks
April 21, 2015
Brent Seabrook
United Center

51.
3rd
40:26
Chicago Blackhawks

3–4

St. Louis Blues
April 17, 2014
Alexander Steen
Scottrade Center

tag: table

text: Notable NHL playoff overtime games[edit]

text:
March 24, 1936: The Detroit Red Wings' Mud Bruneteau ends the longest Stanley Cup playoff game to date, scoring the game's only goal in a 1–0 victory over the Montreal Maroons. The goal comes at 16:30 of sextuple overtime for a total of 176:30 of game play. It is also the longest NHL ice hockey game ever played. The game is a mere 3:30 short of the equivalent of playing three games back-to-back-to-back.
February 4, 1939: The Boston Bruins' Mel Hill scores his third overtime goal of the Bruins' Stanley Cup semi-final series against the New York Rangers, setting an unsurpassed (as of now) NHL record for most overtime goals in a single playoff series, earning him the nickname thereafter of "Sudden Death" Hill. The series itself involves four overtime games, two of which go to triple overtime.
April 23, 1950: Pete Babando scores at 8:31 of double overtime to give the Detroit Red Wings a 4–3 win in the seventh game of the 1950 Stanley Cup Finals over the New York Rangers. It is the first time that a seventh game of a Final series goes to overtime.
April 21, 1951: Bill Barilko scores at 2:53 of overtime to give the Toronto Maple Leafs a 3–2 win in the fifth game of the 1951 Stanley Cup Finals over the Montreal Canadiens. All five games in the series need to have overtime to be decided.
April 16, 1954: Tony Leswick's shot hit Montreal Canadiens' defenceman Doug Harvey's glove and went into the net at 4:20 of overtime to give the Detroit Red Wings a 2–1 win in the seventh game of the 1954 Stanley Cup Finals over the Canadiens. No seventh game of a Final series has gone to overtime since.
April 23, 1964: Bobby Baun of the Toronto Maple Leafs nets a game winner against Detroit 1:43 into overtime in game six of the Finals to tie the series 3–all. The goal is notable because Baun broke his ankle earlier in the game. It was frozen and taped, and Baun returned to the ice to score the winning goal.
May 10, 1970: One of the most indelible moments in sports history is the sight of Bobby Orr's "in flight" goal that gave the Boston Bruins a 4–3 win and a four-game sweep of the St. Louis Blues in the Stanley Cup Finals.
May 24, 1980: Bob Nystrom of the New York Islanders scores the Stanley Cup clinching goal at 7:11 of overtime, beating the Philadelphia Flyers in six games for the title.
April 14, 1981: After sitting on the bench for the entire game, Mike Crombeen scored the winning goal at 5:16 of the second overtime to give the St. Louis Blues a 4-3 win over the Pittsburgh Penguins.
April 10, 1982: "Miracle on Manchester" – Rookie Daryl Evans gives the Los Angeles Kings a 6–5 win over the Edmonton Oilers at 2:35 of overtime. The Kings had trailed the Oilers 5–0 after the second period of game three of the Smythe Division Semi-final. This still remains the largest single game playoff comeback in NHL history.
May 5, 1986: Doug Wickenheiser's overtime goal gives the St. Louis Blues a 6–5 win over the Calgary Flames in game six of the Campbell Conference Final. The goal, known as the "Monday Night Miracle", caps a 5–2 comeback and makes it more impressive that the three goals needed to tie the game were scored in the last ten minutes of the third period.
May 18, 1986: A Brian Skrudland goal ends the shortest overtime in NHL history at just nine seconds. The winning goal gives the Montreal Canadiens a 3–2 victory over the Calgary Flames in game two of the 1986 Stanley Cup Finals.
April 18, 1987: "Easter Epic" – Pat LaFontaine of New York Islanders scores a goal against Washington Capitals at 8:47 of quadruple overtime which ends the longest game seven in NHL playoff history. Islanders goaltender Kelly Hrudey makes a record 73 saves.
May 15, 1990: After hardly playing in overtime, Petr Klima came off the bench late in triple overtime and scored almost immediately to end the longest overtime in NHL Finals history, with 4:47 left. The goal gave the Edmonton Oilers a 3–2 victory over the Boston Bruins to open the 1990 Stanley Cup Finals, setting the stage for the Oilers' fifth cup in seven years.
April 24, 1993: In game four of the Adams division semi-final between the Buffalo Sabres and the Boston Bruins, Sabres forward Brad May scores in overtime to give Buffalo a 6–5 win and sweep the Bruins in the series, four games to none. Due to Buffalo commentator Rick Jeanneret's colorful play call when May scored, this game has been referred to in Buffalo as "May Day".
April to June 1993: After losing in overtime of game one of the Adams division semi-final to the Quebec Nordiques, the Montreal Canadiens go on to win ten consecutive overtime games en route to winning the Stanley Cup. The Habs score another overtime winner the following year against the Boston Bruins, making it eleven consecutive playoff overtime wins.
May 14, 1993: In game seven of the Patrick Division Finals, David Volek who spent most of the season as a healthy scratch, scored the series winning goal to give the New York Islanders a 4-3 victory ending the Pittsburgh Penguins chances at a threepeat.
April 27, 1994: Dominik Hašek of the Buffalo Sabres stops all 70 shots produced by the New Jersey Devils as Dave Hannan scores the lone goal over a sprawling Martin Brodeur at 5:43 of quadruple overtime in game six of the Eastern Conference quarterfinal matchup.
April 30, 1994: Pavel Bure scores 2:20 into double overtime of the seventh game of the opening round of Vancouver's playoff series with Calgary. The win gives the Vancouver Canucks three consecutive overtime wins over the favored Calgary Flames, who squander a 3–1 series lead.
May 27, 1994: Stéphane Matteau scores the game-winning goal at 4:24 of double overtime with a wrap-around, beating Martin Brodeur and the New Jersey Devils in game seven, advancing the New York Rangers to the Stanley Cup Finals (where they would ultimately win it for the first time since 1940). It is Matteau's second goal in double overtime periods of the series.
April 24, 1996: Petr Nedved scores with 44.6 seconds remaining in quadruple overtime to give the Pittsburgh Penguins a 3–2 win over the Washington Capitals to tie their Eastern Conference quarter-final series at two games apiece.
June 6, 1996: Uwe Krupp became the 12th player in NHL history to end the Stanley Cup Finals in overtime, scoring a goal at 4:31 of triple overtime, giving the Colorado Avalanche a 1–0 win and a sweep of the Florida Panthers.
June 19, 1999: Brett Hull scores with 5:09 left in triple overtime of game six to win the Stanley Cup for the Dallas Stars over the Buffalo Sabres. The goal is especially controversial and is known by fans as "No Goal" (see 1999 Stanley Cup Finals).
May 5, 2000: Keith Primeau of the Philadelphia Flyers put a shot over the left shoulder of Pittsburgh Penguins goaltender Ron Tugnutt with 7:59 left in quintuple overtime, ending the longest game since 1936.
June 6, 2000: Jason Arnott scores on Dallas Stars' goalie Ed Belfour in double overtime of game six to give the New Jersey Devils their second Stanley Cup.
April 12, 2007: Roberto Luongo, goaltender for the Vancouver Canucks, wins his first career playoff game while making 72 saves, one shy of Kelly Hrudey's record. The game is the sixth longest ever, going into quadruple overtime. Henrik Sedin scores the winning goal in the Western Quarterfinals, beating the Dallas Stars 5–4 in game 1. The game is Vancouver's longest in history, and the Star's second longest, behind their five-overtime loss to Anaheim in 2003.
May 5, 2008: Brenden Morrow scores on San Jose Sharks goalie Evgeni Nabokov at 9:03 of quadruple overtime in game six of the Western Conference Semi-final between the Sharks and Stars. The game sees an incredible goaltending duel as Nabokov makes 53 saves in the loss while Marty Turco of Dallas makes 61 saves for the win.
June 6, 2008: In game five of the 2008 Stanley Cup Finals, the Pittsburgh Penguins' Petr Sykora told Pierre Maguire of NBC that he would score the winning goal in overtime. At 9:57 of triple overtime, Sykora scored on Detroit Red Wings' goaltender Chris Osgood and sent the series back to Pittsburgh for game six.
June 6, 2010: Patrick Kane of the Chicago Blackhawks shoots a goal past Philadelphia Flyers goalie Michael Leighton 4:10 into overtime of game six of the Stanley Cup Finals to give the Blackhawks a 4–3 win over the Flyers for their first Stanley Cup Championship since 1961.
April 26, 2011: Alexandre Burrows of the Vancouver Canucks scored at 5:22 of overtime past Corey Crawford of the Chicago Blackhawks to win the series 4–3 and the game 2–1, sending the Canucks to the Western Conference Semifinals, avoiding squandering a 3–0 series lead and a 1–0 lead in game seven in the third period.
April 6, 2011: Another Burrows goal ends the second-shortest overtime in NHL history at just eleven seconds. The winning goal gives the Vancouver Canucks a 3–2 victory over the Boston Bruins in game two of the Stanley Cup Finals.
May 25, 2012: Adam Henrique of the New Jersey Devils scored at 1:03 into overtime past Henrik Lundqvist of the New York Rangers in game six of the Eastern Conference Final to send the Devils to the Stanley Cup Finals for the first time since 2003.
May 13, 2013: Patrice Bergeron of the Boston Bruins scored at 6:05 of overtime past James Reimer of the Toronto Maple Leafs to win the series 4–3 and the game 5–4, to send the Bruins to the Conference Semifinals to face the Rangers. It also capped a historic comeback in a game seven, coming back from a three-goal deficit in the third period. With fifty–one seconds to go, they tied the game. The tying goal was also scored by Bergeron. The 2012–13 Boston Bruins became the first team in NHL history to do so in the Stanley Cup playoffs.
June 6, 2013: Andrew Shaw scored with 7:52 left in triple overtime as the Chicago Blackhawks beat the Boston Bruins 4-3 to open the Stanley Cup Finals, ending the fifth-longest game in Stanley Cup Finals history.
June 13, 2014: Alec Martinez scored with 5:17 left in double overtime in game five of the 2014 Stanley Cup Finals, becoming the 16th player to win the Stanley Cup with an overtime goal as the Los Angeles Kings beat the Rangers 3–2, clinching the title 4–1. He became the first player to score two series-clinching playoff overtime goals in the same season since Martin Gelinas in 2004; on June 1, he scored 5:47 into overtime to defeat the Chicago Blackhawks 5–4 in game seven of the Western Conference Finals.
May 13, 2015: Derek Stepan scored with 8:36 left in the first overtime in game seven in the Eastern Conference Second Round against the Washington Capitals to send the New York Rangers to the Eastern Conference Finals. The Capitals also had a 3–1 series lead before losing the final three games and ultimately losing the series.
May 19, 2015: Marcus Kruger scored with 3:48 left in the third overtime in game two of the Western Conference Finals, as the Chicago Blackhawks beat the Anaheim Ducks, 3–2, tying the series at 1–1. This was Anaheim's first playoff loss at home that season and Chicago's longest overtime game to date. Chicago goalie Corey Crawford made 60 saves while defenceman Duncan Keith played seconds shy of 50 minutes on ice. Earlier in the second overtime period, Andrew Shaw used his head to direct the puck into the net, but the goal did not count.
April 24, 2016: John Tavares scored the series-winner with 9:19 left in double overtime in game six of the Eastern Conference First Round as the New York Islanders won a playoff series for the first time since 1993, beating the Florida Panthers 2–1, to win the series 4–2. He beat Roberto Luongo off a rebound of his own shot with a wraparound. It ended the longest home game in Islanders' history. Tavares also scored with 53.2 seconds left in regulation to force overtime. Three of those games in this series have gone to overtime, this and game five needed two.
May 6, 2016: Mike Fisher scored with 8:48 left in triple overtime in game four of the Western Conference Second Round as the Nashville Predators beat the San Jose Sharks, 4–3, to tie the series at two games all. His goal ended the longest playoff game in Predators' history. Joe Pavelski could have won it at 7:34 of overtime, but officials waved it off as he crashed into Pekka Rinne, pinning him down before the puck crossed the goal line.
May 25, 2017: Chris Kunitz scored at 5:09 of double overtime as the Pittsburgh Penguins beat the Ottawa Senators to advance to play the Nashville Predators in the Stanley Cup Finals in winning game seven of the Eastern Conference Finals, 3-2. Sidney Crosby sent a soft backhand pass to Kunitz, whose knuckling shot beat Craig Anderson from the right faceoff circle.
April 13, 2018: The Vegas Golden Knights won their first-ever playoff overtime game when Erik Haula scored with 4:37 left in double overtime to beat the Los Angeles Kings 2–1 to take a 2–0 lead in the Western Conference First Round. Haula made it to the right wing after a James Neal pass, faked his shot, then beat Jonathan Quick with a forehand.

tag: ul

text: Swedish hockey[edit]

text: This is a list of the longest games in the highest Swedish leagues.[13]

text:
Overtime
Overtime length
(min:sec)
League
Home Team
Score
Away Team
Date
Scorer

1.
5th
80:41
Play-off to Kvalserien
IF Troja/Ljungby

2–1

Bofors IK
March 20, 2002
Mika Välilä

2.
4th
73:38
Play-off to Division 1
Olofströms IK

3–4

Kristianstads IK
March 7, 1995
Roman Steblecki

3.
4th
68:42
Play-off to Division 1
Osby IK

5–4

Mariestad BoIS HC
February 28, 1993
Jonas Evaldsson

4.
3rd
59:16
Elitserien Semi-finals
Leksands IF

3–2

Färjestad BK
March 23, 1997
Andreas Karlsson

5.
3rd
57:37
Play-off to Kvalserien
IFK Arboga IK

3–2

Bofors IK
March 13, 2002
Fredrik Gustavsson

6.
3rd
52:17
Elitserien Quarterfinals
Timrå IK

2–1

Luleå HF
March 3, 2003
Marcus Åkerblom

7.
3rd
50:55
Play-off to SHL
Karlskrona HK

3–2

AIK
March 19, 2016
Vyacheslav Trukhno

8.
3rd
47:14
Play-off to Division 1
IFK Österåkers IK

4–3

Lidingö HC
March 10, 1996
Mikael Lindqvist

9.
3rd
41:56
Elitserien Finals
Västra Frölunda HC

4–3

Färjestad BK
April 7, 2003
Tomi Kallio

10.
3rd
41:14
Play-off to Kvalserien
Timrå IK

5–4

Huddinge IK
February 26, 1989
Ove Öström

text: KHL[edit]

text: This is a list of Kontinental Hockey League games that went to at least the third overtime.

text:
Overtime
Overtime length
(min:sec)
Home Team
Score
Away Team
Date
Scorer
Ref

1.
5th
82:09
HC CSKA Moscow
1–2
Jokerit
March 22, 2018
Mika Niemi

2.
4th
66:14
Lev Praha
3–4
HC Donbass
March 21, 2014
Andrei Konev
[14]

3.
3rd
58:48
Severstal Cherepovets
3–2
Lokomotiv Yaroslavl
February 25, 2013
Denis Kazionov
[15]

4.
3rd
56:35
Admiral Vladivostok
2–3
Metallurg Magnitogorsk
March 12, 2014
Danis Zaripov
[16]

5.
3rd
49:11
Metallurg Magnitogorsk
2–3
Avangard Omsk
March 15, 2011
Andrei Pervyshin
[17]

6.
3rd
48:54
Traktor Chelyabinsk
1–2
Ak Bars Kazan
March 22, 2012
Danis Zaripov
[18]

7.
3rd
41:39
HC CSKA Moscow
3–2
SKA St. Petersburg
March 28, 2015
Roman Lyubimov
[19]

text: The longest game in Belarusian extraleague is game first of the 2015 Semi-finals on March 7, 2015. Yunost Minsk beat the HK Gomel, 2–1, at Gomel Ice Palace of Sports on a goal by Vitaly Kiryuschenkov at 5:11 of the sixth 20-minute overtime period. Alexander Tsetkovsky was the winning goaltender for the Yunost, making 107 saves.[20][21]

text: Olympics – Men's Gold Medal Game[edit]

text: This is a list of Gold Medal men's games from the Olympics that needed overtime.

text:
Overtime
Overtime length
(min:sec)
Winning country
Score
Losing country
Year
Scorer

1
1st
9:40
 Olympic Athletes from Russia (OAR)
4-3
 Germany (GER)
2018
Kirill Kaprizov

2
7:40
 Canada (CAN)
3-2
 United States (USA)
2010
Sidney Crosby

text: Olympics – Women's Gold Medal Game[edit]

text: This is a list of Gold Medal women's games from the Olympics that needed overtime.

text:
Overtime
Overtime length
(min:sec)
Winning country
Score
Losing country
Year
Scorer

1
2nd
20:00 (6th round)*
 United States (USA)
3-2
 Canada (CAN)
2018
Jocelyne Lamoureux

2
1st
8:10
 Canada (CAN)
 United States (USA)
2014
Marie-Philip Poulin

text: Czech hockey[edit]

text:
Overtime
Overtime length
(min:sec)
League
Home Team
Score
Away Team
Date
Scorer

1.
3rd
53:51
Extraliga ledního hokeje
HC Mountfield

2–3

HC Vítkovice Steel
March 7, 2013 ††
Peter Húževka

2.
2nd
36:15
Extraliga ledního hokeje
PSG Zlín

3–4

HC Škoda Plzeň
April 21, 2013 **
Martin Straka

3.
2nd
25:09
Extraliga ledního hokeje
HC Sparta Praha

1–2

Bílí Tygři Liberec
April 24, 2016 **
Martin Bakoš

text: DEL[edit]

text: March 22, 2008: Philip Gogulla of the Cologne Sharks ends the longest German hockey game ever and the third longest worldwide, scoring the ninth-overall goal in a 5:4 victory over the Mannheim Eagles. The goal comes 8:16 into the sixth overtime period for a total of 108:16 of overtime. It is the third quarter-final game (best of seven) in the Kölnarena in Cologne in front of an audience of 17,000. The game had begun at 5:30 pm and ends at 12:15 am.

text: Norwegian hockey[edit]

text: March 12, 2017: Joakim Jensen of the Storhamar Ishockey ends the longest hockey game in history, scoring with 2:46 left in octuple overtime for a total of 157:14 of overtime, and 217:14 of hockey played. It was Game 5 of the quarter-finals of the 2016–17 GET-ligaen playoffs against the Sparta Warriors in the CC Amfi. About 1,000 out of the 5,500 people that attended the game watched the entire game. The game started at 18:00 and ended at 2:32 the next morning.[22]

text:
Overtime
Overtime length
(min:sec)
Away Team
Score
Home Team
Date
Scorer
Arena

1.
8th
157:14
Sparta Sarpsborg

1–2

Storhamar Ishockey
March 12, 2017
Joakim Jensen
CC Amfi

2.
4th
67:02
Vålerenga

5–4

Trondheim Black Panthers
March 8, 2003
Joakim Backlund
Leangen Ishall

3.
2nd
45:58
Storhamar Dragons

4–5

Vålerenga
March 28, 2000
Johan Brummer
Jordal Amfi

text: Notable minor league, college and junior overtimes[edit]

text: AHL[edit]

text: This is a list of the longest American Hockey League (AHL) overtime games.

text: The longest game in AHL history was game five of the 2008 East Division Semi-finals on April 24, 2008. The Philadelphia Phantoms beat the Albany River Rats, 3–2, at Times Union Center on a goal by Ryan Potulny at 2:58 of quintuple overtime. Scott Munroe was the winning goaltender for the Phantoms, making 65 saves. Michael Leighton was the losing goaltender for the River Rats despite making 98 saves.

text:
Overtime Length
(min:sec)
Away Team
Score
Home Team
Date

1.
82:58
Philadelphia Phantoms
3–2
Albany River Rats
April 24, 2008

2.
74:56**
Houston Aeros
1–2
Hamilton Bulldogs
May 30, 2003

3.
74:08
Rochester Americans
2–3
New Haven Nighthawks
April 10, 1982

4.
62:42
Syracuse Stars
3–2
Cleveland Barons
April 4, 1938

5.
61:46
Cleveland Barons
2–3
Pittsburgh Hornets
April 14, 1953

6.
60:16
Oklahoma City Barons
2–1
Utica Comets
May 7, 2015

7.
59:47
Providence Reds
2–3
Cleveland Barons
March 28, 1939

8.
53:02
Philadelphia Phantoms
2–1
Norfolk Admirals
April 28, 2004

9.
52:26
Binghamton Senators
2–3
Wilkes-Barre/Scranton Penguins
April 25, 2005

10.
50:16
Cleveland Barons
4–3
Springfield Indians
April 4, 1962

11.
47:49
Worcester IceCats
3–4
Hartford Wolf Pack
May 5, 2004

12.
46:15
Pittsburgh Hornets
2–1
Springfield Indians
March 22, 1941

13.
46:00
Worcester IceCats
3–2
Manchester Monarchs
April 22, 2004

14.
45:17*
Nova Scotia Voyageurs
4–3
Maine Mariners
April 11, 1985

15.
44:48**
Cleveland Barons
4–5
Philadelphia Ramblers
April 4, 1939

16.
44:30
Pittsburgh Hornets
3–2
Hershey Bears
March 31, 1951

17.
44:18
Baltimore Clippers
3–4
Rochester Americans
April 16, 1967

18.
44:13
Wilkes-Barre/Scranton Penguins
3–4
Manchester Monarchs
May 6, 2015

19.
44:02
Pittsburgh Hornets
2–3
Cleveland Barons
April 3, 1956

20.
43:10
Portland Pirates
2-1
Hershey Bears
April 28, 2016

text: Canadian Interuniversity Sport – men[edit]

text: The University of New Brunswick Varsity Reds needed 61:53 of overtime (four extra periods) to defeat the Acadia University Axemen 3–2 on February 27, 2011 in game two of a best-of-five AUS semi-final series at Fredericton, New Brunswick. Nick MacNeil scored the game-winner at 11:53 of the seventh period overall.

text: York University Lions and Lakehead University Thunderwolves went to a fourth overtime period (50:13 minutes of overtime) on February 14, 2007 in Thunder Bay, Ontario, to decide a winner in OUA men's playoff hockey action. Lakehead won the game at the 13-second mark of the fourth overtime period.

text: Canadian Interuniversity Sport – women[edit]

text: Morgan McHaffie scored at 17:14 of the sixth overtime period to lead the Queen's Golden Gaels to a 2–1 win over the host Guelph Gryphons in the first game of the best-of-three OUA women's hockey final, March 2, 2011. The game, which lasted 167 minutes and 14 seconds, including 107:14 of extra time, is the longest on record in CIS or NCAA hockey – women's or men's. Winning goaltender Mel Dodd-Moher made 66 saves, while Danielle Skoufranis made 44 saves in a losing cause. It is the longest game ever played sanctioned by Hockey Canada.

text: ECHL[edit]

text:
Overtime Length
(min:sec)
Away Team
Score
Home Team
Date

1.
77:18
Colorado Eagles
2–3
Idaho Steelheads
April 28–29, 2014

2.
66:10
Elmira Jackals
5–4
Trenton Devils
April 10, 2009

3.
64:19
South Carolina Stingrays
4–3
Gwinnett Gladiators
April 6–7, 2012

4.
61:24
Louisiana IceGators
2–3
Greenville Grrrowl
May 5, 2000

5.
55:19
Jackson Bandits
5–4
Louisiana IceGators
April 5, 2002

6.
53:30
Las Vegas Wranglers
3–4
Alaska Aces
May 2, 2006

7.
50:37
South Carolina Stingrays
3–4
Mississippi Sea Wolves
April 13, 1999

8.
48:13
Idaho Steelheads
3–2
Las Vegas Wranglers
April 6, 2011

9.
46:30
Mississippi Sea Wolves
3–4
Pee Dee Pride
May 2, 1999

10.
46:23
Utah Grizzlies
4–3
Fresno Falcons
April 14, 2008

11.
45:47
Hampton Roads Admirals
2–1
Greensboro Monarchs
April 9, 1991*

12.
45:38
Florida Everblades
2–1
South Carolina Stingrays
May 6, 2015

13.
45:30
South Carolina Stingrays
1–0
Toledo Walleye
May 27, 2015**

14.
44:03
Wheeling Nailers
2-1
Reading Royals
May 5, 2016

15.
44:02
Kalamazoo Wings
3–4
Greenville Road Warriors
April 26, 2014

16.
43:07
Toledo Walleye
4-5
Colorado Eagles
May 19, 2017

17.
42:31
Colorado Eagles
5-4
Utah Grizzlies
April 17, 2016

18.
40:36
Idaho Steelheads
0–1
Stockton Thunder
May 5, 2010

text: * Championship Series game.

text: ** Game 7

text: International Hockey League[edit]

text: On May 12, 2008, one of the longest games in IHL history, if not the longest, took place in Fort Wayne, Indiana. It was the seventh game of the Turner Cup Final between the hometown Fort Wayne Komets and Port Huron Icehawks. The game was tied 2–2 through regulation. The first two extra periods solved nothing, but 23 seconds into the third overtime period, at some point after midnight ET, Justin Hodgman scored the winning goal to give the Komets their fifth Turner Cup title. It was the club's first since 1993, and their sixth overall, with their last championship being the Colonial Cup in 2003. The Komets would win again the following year with an easy game five victory at home, which was the first time in franchise history they won back-to-back championships. They would follow up with a third consecutive Turner Cup in 2010, again clinching on home ice, securing a dynasty.

text: NCAA[edit]

text: The longest game in NCAA hockey history was played on March 6–7, 2015. UMass beat Notre Dame, 4–3, in the Hockey East first-round playoff game after 91:42 of overtime. Shane Walsh scored the winning goal for UMass.[23][24]

text:
Overall game length
(min:sec)
Overtime length
Number of overtimes
Winning team
Score
Losing team
Where it occurred
Date

151:42
91:42
5
UMass
4–3
Notre Dame
Hockey East First Round (Game 1, Best of 3)
March 7, 2015

150:22
90:22
5
Quinnipiac University
3–2
Union College
ECACH Quarter-Finals (Game 1, Best of 3)
March 12, 2010

141:35
81:35
5
Yale University
3–2
Union College
ECACHL First Round (Game 2, Best of 3)
March 4, 2006

129:30
69:30
4
Colorado College
1–0
Wisconsin Badgers
WCHA First Round (Game 2, Best of 3)
March 3, 1997

123:53
63:53
4
St. Lawrence
3–2
Boston University
NCAA East Regional (Second round)
March 26, 2000

121:05
61:05
4
Colgate University
4–3
Dartmouth College
ECAC Quarterfinal (Game 1, Best of 3)
March 14, 2003

text: The longest game in NCAA hockey history was played at Notre Dame in South Bend, Indiana on March 6, 2015. UMass beat Notre Dame, 4–3, in the Hockey East first round with 8:18 left in quintuple overtime. Shane Walsh scored the winning goal just after 1:00 am local time. The previous longest was played on March 12, 2010. Quinnipiac University beat Union College, 3–2, in the ECAC Quarterfinals, as Greg Holt scored with 9:38 left in quintuple overtime. The 3rd longest game in NCAA hockey history was played on March 5, 2006. Yale University beat Union College, 3–2, in the ECAC Hockey League first-round playoff game after 81:35 of overtime. David Meckler scored the winning goal with Yale shorthanded.[25]

text: The longest game in NCAA Division III hockey history, and the fourth longest in NCAA history overall, began at 7:05 pm on February 27, 2010 and ended at 12:35 am of the following day. Gustavus Adolphus College beat Augsburg College, 6–5, to advance to the MIAC championship game after 78:38 of overtime. Eric Bigham scored the winning goal.[26]

text: A 2000 NCAA regional final in men's ice hockey between St. Lawrence University and Boston University ended with 63:53 of overtime. Manitoba native and minor hockey buddy of Craig McAulay, Robin Carruthers scored the gwg after four periods of overtime play

text: A March 30, 1991 game between Northern Michigan University and Boston University ended with Northern Michigan earning an 8–7 victory over Boston University. Unlikely hero Darryl Plandowski scores in the third overtime period and fifth hour of play to give the Wildcats the title.

text: A March 8, 1997 game between Colorado College and the University of Wisconsin–Madison ended with Colorado College winning, 1–0, after 69:30.

text: A March 14, 2003 ECAC Quarterfinal game between Colgate University and Dartmouth ended, 4–3 for Colgate, after 61:05 in overtime.

text: On March 26, 2006, the Wisconsin Badgers beat the Cornell Big Red 1–0 at 11:13 into the third overtime at the Midwest Regional Final in the NCAA Tournament at the Resch Center in Green Bay. It was the second-longest NCAA Tournament game in its history and the longest 1–0 game in tournament history. It is currently the ninth-longest game all-time in NCAA Division I history.

text: An March 11, 2007 game between St. Cloud State University and University of Minnesota Duluth during the first round of the WCHA playoffs ended with SCSU winning, 3–2, after 51:33 of overtime. It is the eighth-longest NCAA Division I game in history.

text: In the first round of the 2008 WCHA hockey tournament featuring the fourth-seeded Minnesota State University, Mankato Mavericks hosting the seventh-seeded University of Minnesota Golden Gophers, the Friday and Sunday games both went into double overtime, and the Saturday night game went into one overtime. The Gophers prevailed two games to one in the series, winning Saturday and Sunday.

text: On March 3, 2012, in the first round of the 2012 ECAC Hockey hockey tournament featuring the seventh-seeded Clarkson Golden Knights men's ice hockey team hosting the tenth-seeded RPI Engineers men's ice hockey team, Clarkson beat RPI 4–3 at 13:48 in the third overtime period, after 113:48 of play. It is currently the seventh-longest game all-time in NCAA Division I history.

text: NCAA Women[edit]

text: On March 10, 1996, New Hampshire defeated Providence, 3–2, in an ECAC Women's Championship game after 85:35 of overtime. (This is not an NCAA record, as the NCAA did not officially recognize women's hockey until the 2001 season; however, it stands as the longest women's college hockey game)[27]

text: On March 10, 2007, Wisconsin defeated Harvard, 1–0, in an NCAA Women's Quarterfinal game after 67:09 of overtime at the Kohl Center in Madison WI. Wisconsin went on to win the national championship.

text: On March 10, 2012, Cornell University defeated Boston University, 8–7, in an NCAA Women's Quarterfinal game after 59:50 of overtime at Lynah Rink in Ithaca, New York, surpassing the men's game from the previous night as the longest hockey game to be played at the rink.[28]

text: On March 21, 2010, Minnesota-Duluth defeated Cornell 3–2 in the NCAA championship game, after 59:26 of overtime (119:26 total game time), the longest men's or women's hockey championship game in NCAA history.[29]

text: Canadian Hockey League[edit]

text:
The longest game in Memorial Cup history was played on May 23, 2014 in London, Ontario, where in the semi-final game, Curtis Lazar scored at 2:42 of triple overtime as the Edmonton Oil Kings beat the Val-d'Or Foreurs 4–3 to advance to the championship game. The entire overtime lasted 42:42, the overall game time played was 102:42.
The longest game in WHL & CHL history was played on April 2, 2017 in Victoria, BC, in Game 6 of Round 1 between the Everett Silvertips and Victoria Royals. Cal Babych scored with 8:24 left in quintuple overtime to beat the Royals 3-2 to win the series 4-2. The total game time played was 151:36.
The longest game in QMJHL history was played on April 3, 2016 in Boisbriand, Quebec, where in a first-round game, Philippe Sanche scored with 7:34 left in triple overtime as the Blainville-Boisbriand Armada beat the Val-d'Or Foreurs 3-2 to advance to the quarterfinals. The entire overtime lasted 52:26, the overall game time played was 112:26.

text: 2007 RBC Cup – Canadian Jr A Championship[edit]

text: The semi-final game for the 2007 RBC Cup, saw the host Prince George Spruce Kings taking on the Camrose Kodiaks. The game ended up being the longest game in Royal Bank Cup history at 146 minutes and 1 second. The Spruce Kings broke a 2–2 tie just over six minutes into the fifth overtime period to win 3–2 and clinch a berth in the RBC Cup Final against the Aurora Tigers. Jason Yuel of the Spruce Kings scored the winner while goaltender Jordan White stopped 91 of 93 shots for the victory.

text: OPJHL[edit]

text: On February 10, 2007, the Toronto Jr. Canadiens defeated the Pickering Panthers, 4–3, to take a 2–0 series lead in the first round of the OPJHL playoffs, after 104:32 of overtime. It is the second longest game ever played sanctioned by Hockey Canada.

text: GHJHL[edit]

text: February 1999, the St. Catharines Falcons defeated the Port Colborne Sailors 7–6 to take a 2–1 series lead in the semi-finals of the Golden Horseshoe Jr. B Hockey League Playoffs. Peter Lacey scored 11 minutes into the fifth overtime period, ending the game at 2:18 am. The game started at 7:30 pm. It is the longest junior hockey game sanctioned by Hockey Canada

text: High school[edit]

text: Marquette vs Orchard Lake St Marys went eight overtimes during the Michigan State Ice Hockey Division 1 Championship game before Tournament officials stopped the game in consideration of the health and welfare of the players on March 8, 2008. The 1–1 tie resulted in the two teams being declared co-champions. The game lasted 109 minutes.[30] Ryan Morley Stockton of St. Mary's had a MHSAA-record 58 saves.[31]

text: The longest game in high school history was in a 1996 FCIAC quarterfinal matchup in Darien, Connecticut between archrivals Wilton and Ridgefield that went to a tenth eight-minute overtime period after 45 minutes of regulation (125:00 of hockey). Chris Ludwig of Wilton scored the game-winner while being hauled down in front of the Ridgefield net in the tenth overtime period.

text: The previous record belonged to the Aurora High School–Solon High School game in which Aurora won in the eighth overtime period of the Ohio state playoffs.[32] The winning goal was scored with 3:52 left in the 8th overtime (105th minute), setting an American record.[33]

text: Since 2015, all state tournaments allow up to 5 overtime periods (4-on-4 after first overtime), after which best-of-3-round shootouts and extra rounds if needed are conducted, to eliminate co-champions.


document_title: I'll Be Seeing You (song)

question_text: who sings i'll be seeing you in the notebook

question_tokens: who sings i 'll be seeing you in the notebook

text: I'll Be Seeing You (song)

text: Film and television performances[edit]

text: This section needs additional citations for verification. Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. (March 2017) (Learn how and when to remove this template message)

text:
Featured throughout the 1944 movie also titled I'll Be Seeing You, starring Ginger Rogers and Joseph Cotten (when it was performed by the off-screen voice of Louanne Hogan),[4] the recording by Bing Crosby became a hit that year, reaching number one for the week of July 1.[5] Later the song became notably associated with Liberace, as the theme music to his television show of the 1950s.
In 1956, Jackie Gleason's character, Ralph Kramden, referenced the song in an episode of The Honeymooners in which Kramden experienced an early exit on the game show, The $99,000 Answer, and refused to leave the stage.
The song was heard in an episode of the 1960s spy spoof Get Smart, when the main character had a high-tech trumpet that could play any tune, just by speaking the title into the mouthpiece.
The Anne Shelton version of the song was aptly used in the 1979 film Yanks, starring Richard Gere, a World War II story set in England in 1943-44.[6]
In a 1987 episode of Designing Women, appropriately titled 'I'll Be Seeing You', Jean Smart's character Charlene dreams that the cast is back in the World War II era; Charlene performs the song herself and the Bing Crosby version is also featured.

text:
It was also played in the 1989 Woody Allen film Crimes and Misdemeanors; in the end credits of the 1990 film Misery (Liberace's rendition);[7] in the 1992 movie Shining Through;[8] in two episodes of Star Trek: Deep Space Nine; in the 1999 documentary Beyond the Mat (when the Rosemary Clooney version is heard),[9] in the 2004 film The Aviator (sung by Martha Wainwright),[10] and the Jimmy Durante version is heard in the 2004 film The Notebook as the song for Noah and Allie.
It was featured and performed by Anne Shelton in "Dance with the Dead", a 2006 episode of Midsomer Murders, which was set near an old World War II airfield. It was also played in the closing credits for the final (until 2011) episode of Beavis and Butt-head; in the 2010 season 4 episodes of Eureka ("Founder's Day" "A New World" and "I'll Be Seeing You"). On the final episode of The Tonight Show starring Johnny Carson which was aired on May 22, 1992, Doc Severinsen and the NBC Orchestra closed the show with it, as it was one of Carson's favorite songs.

text: During the 2009 Academy Awards presentation, Queen Latifah sang the song during the "In Memoriam" tribute to members of the motion picture industry who had died during the previous year, which was unusual because the In Memoriam tribute was previously traditionally unaccompanied.[11][12]

text: On October 26, 2014, the song was played as part of a video tribute to Robin Williams at AT&T Park, before Game 5 of the World Series between the San Francisco Giants and the Kansas City Royals.[13]

text: On her 2016 album Encore: Movie Partners Sing Broadway, Barbra Streisand performs "I'll Be Seeing You" (combined with "I've Grown Accustomed to Her Face" from the 1954 Lerner & Loewe musical My Fair Lady), as a duet with actor Chris Pine.

text: Covers[edit]

text: The song has been recorded by many artists:

text:
Al Hirt released a version on his 1965 album They're Playing Our Song[14]
Andrea Corr performed "I'll Be Seeing You" on her 2011 album Lifelines
Anne Murray recorded a version for her Greatest Hits compilation All of Me
Anne Shelton performed "I'll Be Seeing You" in Midsomer Murders
Barbra Streisand performs "I'll Be Seeing You" (combined with I've Grown Accustomed to Her Face from the 1954 Lerner & Loewe musical My Fair Lady), as a duet with actor Chris Pine on her 2016 album Encore: Movie Partners Sing Broadway.
Barry Manilow on his 1991 studio album Showstoppers
Billie Holiday recorded the song on April 1, 1944 for Commodore Records.[15]
Bill Kenny on his 1966 album Remember Me
Bing Crosby recorded it on February 17, 1944 for Decca Records with John Scott Trotter and His Orchestra.[16]
Brad Mehldau on his live album The Art of the Trio, Vol. 4 (Back at the Vanguard)
Brenda Lee on her 1962 album Sincerely, Brenda Lee
Carmen McRae on her album When You're Away (1958)[17]
Cass Elliot on her live album Don't Call Me Mama Anymore
Connee Boswell, Studio & Radio Broadcast Recordings, 1931 - 1946
Dean Martin on his 1965 album Dean Martin Hits Again
Engelbert Humperdinck on his 1985 album A Lovely Way to Spend an Evening[18]
Eric Clapton recorded it on his 2016 CD I Still Do
Etta James on her 1994 cover album Mystery Lady: Songs of Billie Holiday
The Five Satins recorded the song in 1959
The Four Freshmen recorded the song in 1952 and again in 1953
Françoise Hardy and Iggy Pop on the 1998 album Jazz a Saint-Germain
Frank Sinatra recorded multiple versions of the song,[19] initially with Tommy Dorsey and His Orchestra (1940) (which charted in 1944 peaking at No. 4),[20] and two in 1961, the first for Capitol Records was included in the album Point of No Return and the second for Reprise Records which was more upbeat and "swinging" than later slower versions of the song. This was included in the album I Remember Tommy.
Harry James on his album For Listening And Dancing (Reader's Digest RD4A 213, 1981)
Holly Cole on her album Blame It on My Youth
The Hollywood Flames released a version of the song as a single in 1959[21]
James Booker recorded the song
James Darren, twice on Star Trek: Deep Space Nine as the character Vic Fontaine, later on also on his album This One's from the Heart
Jane Morgan recorded it on her album The American Girl from Paris (1956)[22]
Jimmy Durante; a recording from his 1960s TV show was used in the motion picture The Notebook
Johnny Mathis, on the album Open Fire, Two Guitars (1959)
Jo Stafford recorded the song for her 1959 album I'll Be Seeing You with arrangements by Paul Weston (her husband) as the band leader
Judy Collins on her 1975 album Judith
Julian Lage on his 2016 album ARCLIGHT
June Tabor on her CD A Quiet Eye (2000)
Linda Ronstadt on her CD Hummin' to Myself (2004)
Liza Minnelli on her 2002 live album Liza's Back
Louis Prima recorded two versions, first in 1944 with Lily Ann Carol, another in 1960 with Keely Smith[23]
Mario Lanza included the song on his album Mario Lanza Sings the Hit songs from The Student Prince and Other Great Musical Comedies (1954)[24]
Mel Tormé recorded several studio versions of the song as well as a live performance with pianist George Shearing on the Concord Records album An Elegant Evening
Michael Bublé recorded it on his EP First Dance (1995)
Mina recorded and released the song on her 2012 album 12 (American Song Book)
Neil Sedaka recorded a version in 1964 but it was not released until 2005, when it was issued on his Love Songs album
Peggy Lee recorded it on her 1972 album Norma Deloris Egstrom from Jamestown, North Dakota
The Poni-Tails sang the song in 1959 when it reached as high as #87 in the U.S.
Queen Latifah sang the song during the "In Memoriam" tribute during the 81st Academy Awards
Ray Charles recorded it in 1967 on his album Invites You to Listen
Ray Conniff recorded it in 1959 with his orchestra and singers in a very upbeat and swinging version on his album Young At Heart
Regina Carter recorded it in 2006 on her album I'll Be Seeing You: A Sentimental Journey
Rickie Lee Jones on her 1991 album Pop Pop
Rod Stewart on his 2002 album It Had to Be You: The Great American Songbook
Roseanna Vitro performed it as a Bossa Nova on her 2004 album Tropical Postcards.
Rosemary Clooney recorded it in 1990 in her homage to the "War Years" on an album entitled For the Duration (1991)
Sarah Vaughan on her 1960 album Dreamy and her 1963 live album Sassy Swings the Tivoli
The Skyliners and The Belmonts recorded the song
Sonny Rollins in his 1982 concert in Montreal
Steve Tyrell recorded the song on his 1999 album A New Standard* The Blanks recorded an a cappella version on their 2004 album Riding the Wave
Tony Bennett included the song as the final track on his 1992 album Perfectly Frank
Vera Lynn recorded the song in 1962[25] and again in 1966 for her album More Hits of the Blitz.[26]
The Vocal Majority recorded the song on I'll Be Seeing You in 1990[27]
Willie Nelson recorded the song on Healing Hands of Time (1994)
Cassandra Wilson included the song in her 2015 album Coming Forth by Day

text: Notes[edit]

text:
Jump up ^ Leonard, Hal (January 1, 1995). I'll Be Seeing You: 51 Songs of World War II. Hal Leonard Corp. p. 47. ISBN 978-0793537617.
Jump up ^ Leonard, Hal (January 1, 1995). I'll Be Seeing You: 51 Songs of World War II. Hal Leonard Corp. p. 12. ISBN 978-0793537617.
Jump up ^ Cooke's radio broadcast is described in Hans Keller, 'Truth & Music', Music and Musicians Magazine, November 1970
Jump up ^ "Internet Movie Database". imdb.com. Retrieved June 20, 2017.
Jump up ^ Whitburn, Joel (1986). Joel Whitburn's Pop Memories 1890-1954. Wisconsin, USA: Record Research Inc. p. 109. ISBN 0-89820-083-0.
Jump up ^ "Internet Movie Database". imdb.com. Retrieved June 20, 2017.
Jump up ^ "Internet Movie Database". imdb.com. Retrieved June 20, 2017.
Jump up ^ "Internet Movie Database". imdb.com. Retrieved June 20, 2017.
Jump up ^ "Internet Movie Database". imdb.com. Retrieved June 20, 2017.
Jump up ^ "Internet Movie Database". imdb.com. Retrieved June 20, 2017.
Jump up ^ Carr, David (2009-02-19). "Oscars on TV: The Subtext". The New York Times. Retrieved 2009-04-24.
Jump up ^ Cieply, Michael and David Carr (2009-02-23). "A 'Slumdog' Kind of Night at the Oscar Ceremony". The New York Times. Retrieved 2009-04-24.
Jump up ^ Giants Honor Robin Williams Retrieved February 4, 2016.
Jump up ^ Al Hirt, They're Playing Our Song Retrieved April 13, 2013.
Jump up ^ "Billie Holiday Discography". jazzdisco.org. Retrieved June 20, 2017.
Jump up ^ "A Bing Crosby Discography". BING magazine. International Club Crosby. Retrieved June 20, 2017.
Jump up ^ "Discogs.com". Discogs.com. Retrieved June 20, 2017.
Jump up ^ "Discogs.com". Discogs.com. Retrieved June 20, 2017.
Jump up ^ Gilliland, John (1994). Pop Chronicles the 40s: The Lively Story of Pop Music in the 40s (audiobook). ISBN 978-1-55935-147-8. OCLC 31611854.  Tape 1, side B.
Jump up ^ Whitburn, Joel (1986). Joel Whitburn's Pop Memories 1890-1954. Wisconsin, USA: Record Research Inc. p. 138. ISBN 0-89820-083-0.
Jump up ^ The Hollywood Flames, "I'll Be Seeing You" single release Retrieved February 4, 2016.
Jump up ^ "Discogs.com". Discogs.com. Retrieved June 20, 2017.
Jump up ^ LOUIS PRIMA SESSIONOGRAPHY / DISCOGRAPHY : 1933-1975 BY: GIA PRIMA and RON CANNATELLA
Jump up ^ "Discogs.com". Discogs.com. Retrieved June 20, 2017.
Jump up ^ "45cat.com". 45cat.com. Retrieved June 20, 2017.
Jump up ^ "Discogs.com". Discogs.com. Retrieved June 20, 2017.
Jump up ^ The Vocal Majority, I'll Be Seeing You Retrieved February 4, 2016.

tag: ol