document_title: France at the FIFA World Cup

question_text: when was the last time france won worldcup

text: France at the FIFA World Cup

text: FIFA World Cup record[edit]

text:
FIFA World Cup finals record

Qualifications record

Year

Round

Position

GP

W

D*

L

GF

GA

Squad

GP

W

D

L

GF

GA

 1930
Group stage
7th
3
1
0
2
4
3
Squad

—

 1934
Round of 16
9th
1
0
0
1
2
3
Squad

1
1
0
0
6
1
1934

 1938
Quarter-finals
6th
2
1
0
1
4
4
Squad

Qualified as hosts
1938

 1950
Originally did not qualify, then invited, later withdrew

3
0
2
1
4
5
1950

 1954
Group stage
11th
2
1
0
1
3
3
Squad

4
4
0
0
20
4
1954

 1958
Third place
3rd
6
4
0
2
23
15
Squad

4
3
1
0
19
4
1958

 1962
Did not qualify

5
3
0
2
10
4
1962

 1966
Group stage
13th
3
0
1
2
2
5
Squad

6
5
0
1
9
2
1966

 1970
Did not qualify

4
2
0
2
6
4
1970

 1974

4
1
1
2
3
5
1974

 1978
Group stage
12th
3
1
0
2
5
5
Squad

4
2
1
1
7
4
1978

 1982
Fourth place
4th
7
3
2
2
16
12
Squad

8
5
0
3
20
8
1982

 1986
Third place
3rd
7
4
2
1
12
6
Squad

8
5
1
2
15
4
1986

 1990
Did not qualify

8
3
3
2
10
7
1990

 1994

10
6
1
3
17
10
1994

 1998
Champions
1st
7
6
1
0
15
2
Squad

Qualified as hosts
1998

  2002
Group stage
28th
3
0
1
2
0
3
Squad

Qualified as defending champions
2002

 2006
Runners-up
2nd
7
4
3
0
9
3
Squad

10
5
5
0
14
2
2006

 2010
Group stage
29th
3
0
1
2
1
4
Squad

12
7
4
1
20
10
2010

 2014
Quarter-finals
7th
5
3
1
1
10
3
Squad

10
6
2
2
18
8
2014

 2018
Champions
1st
7
6
1
0
14
6
Squad

10
7
2
1
18
6
2018

 2022
To be determined

To be determined
2022

   2026
To be determined

To be determined
2026

Total
15/21
2 Titles
66
34
13*
19
120
77
N/A
111
65
23
23
216
88
Total

text:
showFrance's World Cup record

First Match

 France 4–1 Mexico  (15 July 1930; Montevideo, Uruguay)

Biggest Win

 France 7–3 Paraguay  (8 June 1958; Norrköping, Sweden)

Biggest Defeat

 France 2-5 Brazil  (24 June 1958; Solna, Sweden)

Best Result

Champions in 1998 and 2018

Worst Result

Group stage in 1934, 1954, 1966, 1978, 2002 and 2010

text: By match[edit]

text:
Year as

Round

Against

Score

Scorers

 1930
Group 1
 Mexico
4–1
Laurent, Langiller, Maschinot (2)

Group 1
 Argentina
0–1

Group 1
 Chile
0–1

 1934
Round 1
 Austria
2–3 (a.e.t.)
Nicolas, Verriest

 1938
Round 1
 Belgium
3–1
Veinante, Nicolas (2)

Quarter-Final
 Italy
1–3
Heisserer

 1954
Group 1
 Yugoslavia
0–1

Group 1
 Mexico
3–2
Vincent, Cardenas, Kopa

 1958
Group 2
 Paraguay
7–3
Fontaine (3), Piantoni, Wisnieski, Kopa, Vincent

Group 2
 Yugoslavia
2–3
Fontaine (2)

Group 2
 Scotland
2–1
Kopa, Fontaine

Quarter-Final
 Northern Ireland
4–0
Wisnieski, Fontaine (2), Piantoni

Semi-Final
 Brazil
2–5
Fontaine, Piantoni

Third Place Match
 West Germany
6–3
Fontaine (4), Kopa, Douis

 1966
Group 1
 Mexico
1–1
Hausser

Group 1
 Uruguay
1–2
De Bourgoing

Group 1
 England
0–2

 1978
Group 1
 Italy
1–2
Lacombe

Group 1
 Argentina
1–2
Platini

Group 1
 Hungary
3–1
Lopez, Berdoll, Rocheteau

 1982
Group 4
 England
1–3
Soler

Group 4
 Kuwait
4–1
Genghini, Platini, Six, Bossis

Group 4
 Czechoslovakia
1–1
Six

Group D Round 2
 Austria
1–0
Genghini

Group D Round 2
 Northern Ireland
4–1
Giresse (2), Rocheteau (2)

Semi-Final
 West Germany
3–3 (a.e.t.), 4–5 (p.)
Platini, Tresor, Giresse

Third Place Match
 Poland
2–3
Girard, Couriol

 1986
Group C
 Canada
1–0
Papin

Group C
 Soviet Union
1–1
Fernández

Group C
 Hungary
3–0
Stopyra, Tigana, Rocheteau

Round of 16
 Italy
2–0
Platini, Stopyra

Quarter-Final
 Brazil
1–1 (a.e.t.), 4–3 (p.)
Platini

Semi-Final
 West Germany
0–2

Third Place Match
 Belgium
4–2 (a.e.t.)
Ferreri, Papin, Genghini, Amoros

 1998
Group C
 South Africa
3–0
Dugarry, Issa (o.g.), Henry

Group C
 Saudi Arabia
4–0
Henry (2), Trezeguet, Lizarazu

Group C
 Denmark
2–1
Djorkaeff, Petit

Round of 16
 Paraguay
1–0 (a.e.t.)
Blanc

Quarter-Final
 Italy
0–0 (a.e.t.), 4–3 (p.)

Semi-Final
 Croatia
2–1
Thuram (2)

Final
 Brazil
3–0
Zidane (2), Petit

 2002
Group A
 Senegal
0–1

Group A
 Uruguay
0–0

Group A
 Denmark
0–2

 2006
Group G
  Switzerland
0–0

Group G
 South Korea
1–1
Henry

Group G
 Togo
2–0
Vieira, Henry

Round of 16
 Spain
3–1
Ribéry, Vieira, Zidane

Quarter-Final
 Brazil
1–0
Henry

Semi-Final
 Portugal
1–0
Zidane

Final
 Italy
1–1 (a.e.t.), 3–5 (p.)
Zidane

 2010
Group A
 Uruguay
0–0

Group A
 Mexico
0–2

Group A
 South Africa
1–2
Malouda

 2014
Group E
 Honduras
3–0
Benzema (2), Valladares (o.g.)

Group E
  Switzerland
5–2
Giroud, Matuidi, Valbuena, Benzema, Sissoko

Group E
 Ecuador
0–0

Round of 16
 Nigeria
2–0
Pogba, Yobo (o.g.)

Quarter-Final
 Germany
0–1

 2018
Group C
 Australia
2–1
Griezmann, Behich (o.g.)

Group C
 Peru
1–0
Mbappé

Group C
 Denmark
0–0

Round of 16
 Argentina
4–3
Griezmann, Pavard, Mbappé (2)

Quarter-Final
 Uruguay
2–0
Varane, Griezmann

Semi-Final
 Belgium
1–0
Umtiti

Final
 Croatia
4–2
Mandžukić (o.g.), Griezmann, Pogba, Mbappé

text: France at the 1998 FIFA World Cup[edit]

text: Head coach: Aimé Jacquet

text:
No.

Pos.

Player

Date of birth (age)

Caps

Club

1

1GK

Bernard Lama

 (1963-04-07)7 April 1963 (aged 35)

37

 Paris Saint Germain

2

2DF

Vincent Candela

 (1973-10-24)24 October 1973 (aged 24)

10

 Roma

3

2DF

Bixente Lizarazu

 (1969-12-09)9 December 1969 (aged 28)

32

 Bayern Munich

4

3MF

Patrick Vieira

 (1976-06-23)23 June 1976 (aged 21)

7

 Arsenal

5

2DF

Laurent Blanc

 (1965-11-19)19 November 1965 (aged 32)

68

 Marseille

6

4FW

Youri Djorkaeff

 (1968-03-09)9 March 1968 (aged 30)

37

 Internazionale

7

3MF

Didier Deschamps (c)

 (1968-10-15)15 October 1968 (aged 29)

69

 Juventus

8

2DF

Marcel Desailly

 (1968-09-07)7 September 1968 (aged 29)

41

 Milan

9

4FW

Stéphane Guivarc'h

 (1970-09-06)6 September 1970 (aged 27)

6

 Auxerre

10

3MF

Zinedine Zidane

 (1972-06-23)23 June 1972 (aged 25)

33

 Juventus

11

3MF

Robert Pires

 (1973-10-29)29 October 1973 (aged 24)

13

 Metz

12

4FW

Thierry Henry

 (1977-08-17)17 August 1977 (aged 20)

3

 Monaco

13

3MF

Bernard Diomède

 (1974-01-23)23 January 1974 (aged 24)

6

 Auxerre

14

3MF

Alain Boghossian

 (1970-10-27)27 October 1970 (aged 27)

6

 Sampdoria

15

2DF

Lilian Thuram

 (1972-01-01)1 January 1972 (aged 26)

32

 Parma

16

1GK

Fabien Barthez

 (1971-06-28)28 June 1971 (aged 26)

12

 Monaco

17

3MF

Emmanuel Petit

 (1970-09-22)22 September 1970 (aged 27)

17

 Arsenal

18

2DF

Frank Lebœuf

 (1968-01-22)22 January 1968 (aged 30)

13

 Chelsea

19

3MF

Christian Karembeu

 (1970-12-03)3 December 1970 (aged 27)

31

 Real Madrid

20

4FW

David Trezeguet

 (1977-10-15)15 October 1977 (aged 20)

4

 Monaco

21

4FW

Christophe Dugarry

 (1972-03-24)24 March 1972 (aged 26)

23

 Marseille

22

1GK

Lionel Charbonnier

 (1966-10-25)25 October 1966 (aged 31)

1

 Auxerre

text: France vs South Africa[edit]

text:
France 3–0 South Africa
Dugarry  36'Issa  77' (o.g.)Henry  90+2'
Report

text:
GK
16
Fabien Barthez

RB
15
Lilian Thuram

CB
8
Marcel Desailly

CB
5
Laurent Blanc

LB
3
Bixente Lizarazu

CM
7
Didier Deschamps (c)
 53'

CM
17
Emmanuel Petit
 28'
 73'

RW
6
Youri Djorkaeff

 84'

AM
10
Zinedine Zidane
 75'

LW
12
Thierry Henry

CF
9
Stéphane Guivarc'h

 26'

Substitutions:

FW
21
Christophe Dugarry

 26'

MF
14
Alain Boghossian

 73'

FW
20
David Trezeguet

 84'

Manager:

Aimé Jacquet

GK
1
Hans Vonk

DF
3
David Nyathi

DF
4
Willem Jackson
 39'

DF
5
Mark Fish

DF
19
Lucas Radebe (c)

DF
21
Pierre Issa

MF
7
Quinton Fortune

MF
10
John Moshoeu

FW
6
Phil Masinga

FW
12
Brendan Augustine

 56'

FW
17
Benni McCarthy

 89'

Substitutions:

MF
11
Helman Mkhalele

 56'

FW
9
Shaun Bartlett

 89'

Manager:

Philippe Troussier

text:
Assistant referees:
Arnaldo Pinto (Brazil)
Merere Gonzales (Trinidad and Tobago)
Fourth official:
Mario Sánchez Yanten (Chile)

text: France vs Saudi Arabia[edit]

text:
France 4–0 Saudi Arabia
Henry  37', 78'Trezeguet  68'Lizarazu  85'
Report

text:
GK
16
Fabien Barthez

DF
3
Bixente Lizarazu
 50'

DF
5
Laurent Blanc
 36'

DF
8
Marcel Desailly

DF
15
Lilian Thuram

MF
7
Didier Deschamps (c)

MF
10
Zinedine Zidane
 71'

MF
13
Bernard Diomède

 58'

MF
14
Alain Boghossian

FW
12
Thierry Henry

 79'

FW
21
Christophe Dugarry

 30'

Substitutions:

FW
20
David Trezeguet

 30'

MF
6
Youri Djorkaeff

 58'

MF
11
Robert Pires

 79'

Manager:

Aimé Jacquet

GK
1
Mohamed Al-Deayea

DF
2
Mohammed Al-Jahani
 7'
 76'

DF
3
Mohammed Al-Khilaiwi
 19'

DF
4
Abdullah Zubromawi

DF
13
Hussein Sulaimani

MF
6
Fuad Amin (c)

MF
7
Ibrahim Al-Shahrani

MF
16
Khamis Al-Owairan

MF
20
Hamzah Saleh

FW
9
Sami Al-Jaber
 82'

FW
10
Saeed Al-Owairan

 33'

Substitutions:

MF
12
Ibrahim Al-Harbi

 33'
 65'

MF
14
Khalid Al-Muwallid

 65'

DF
17
Ahmed Dokhi

 76'

Manager:

Carlos Alberto Parreira

text:
Assistant referees:
Reynaldo Salinas (Honduras)
Luis Torres Zúñiga (Costa Rica)
Fourth official:
Alberto Tejada Noriega (Peru)

text: France vs Denmark[edit]

text:
France 2–1 Denmark
Djorkaeff  12' (pen.)Petit  56'
Report
M. Laudrup  42' (pen.)

text:
GK
16
Fabien Barthez

DF
2
Vincent Candela

DF
8
Marcel Desailly (c)

DF
18
Franck Leboeuf

MF
4
Patrick Vieira
 62'

MF
6
Youri Djorkaeff

MF
11
Robert Pires

 71'

MF
13
Bernard Diomède
 53'

MF
17
Emmanuel Petit

 64'

MF
19
Christian Karembeu

FW
20
David Trezeguet

 85'

Substitutions:

MF
14
Alain Boghossian

 64'

FW
12
Thierry Henry

 71'

FW
9
Stéphane Guivarc'h

 85'

Manager:

Aimé Jacquet

GK
1
Peter Schmeichel

DF
2
Michael Schjønberg

DF
3
Marc Rieper

DF
4
Jes Høgh

DF
5
Jan Heintze

DF
6
Thomas Helveg

DF
13
Jacob Laursen

 46'

MF
7
Allan Nielsen

MF
10
Michael Laudrup (c)

MF
21
Martin Jørgensen

 54'

FW
11
Brian Laudrup

 75'

Substitutions:

DF
12
Søren Colding
 65'
 46'

FW
19
Ebbe Sand

 54'

MF
15
Stig Tøfting
 78'
 75'

Manager:

Bo Johansson

text:
Assistant referees:
Nimal Wickeramatunge (Sri Lanka)
Emanuel Zammit (Malta)
Fourth official:
Vítor Melo Pereira (Portugal)

text: Round of 16 France vs Paraguay[edit]

text:
France 1–0 (a.e.t.) Paraguay
Blanc  114'
Report

text:
GK
16
Fabien Barthez

RB
15
Lilian Thuram

CB
5
Laurent Blanc

CB
8
Marcel Desailly

LB
3
Bixente Lizarazu

CM
7
Didier Deschamps (c)

CM
17
Emmanuel Petit

 69'

RW
13
Bernard Diomède

 76'

LW
6
Youri Djorkaeff

CF
20
David Trezeguet

CF
12
Thierry Henry

 64'

Substitutes:

MF
11
Robert Pires

 64'

MF
14
Alain Boghossian

 69'

FW
9
Stéphane Guivarc'h

 76'

Manager:

Aimé Jacquet

GK
1
José Luis Chilavert (c)
 19'

RB
2
Francisco Arce
 84'

CB
4
Carlos Gamarra

CB
5
Celso Ayala

LB
11
Pedro Sarabia

CM
10
Roberto Acuña

CM
16
Julio César Enciso
 32'

CM
13
Carlos Humberto Paredes

 74'

AM
21
Jorge Luis Campos

 55'

AM
15
Miguel Ángel Benítez
 23'

CF
9
José Cardozo

 91'

Substitutes:

MF
7
Julio César Yegros

 55'

DF
20
Denis Caniza

 74'

MF
8
Aristides Rojas

 91'

Manager:

Paulo César Carpegiani

text:
Assistant referees:
Nimal Wickeramatunge (Sri Lanka)
Lencie Fred (Vanuatu)
Fourth official:
Esse Baharmast (United States)

text: Quarter-Final Italy vs France[edit]

text:
Italy 0–0 (a.e.t.) France

Report

Penalties
R. Baggio Albertini Costacurta Vieri Di Biagio
3 – 4
 Zidane Lizarazu Trezeguet Henry Blanc

text:
GK
12
Gianluca Pagliuca

RB
2
Giuseppe Bergomi
 28'

CB
4
Fabio Cannavaro

CB
5
Alessandro Costacurta
 113'

LB
3
Paolo Maldini (c)

CM
11
Dino Baggio

 52'

CM
14
Luigi Di Biagio

RW
17
Francesco Moriero

LW
7
Gianluca Pessotto

 90'

SS
10
Alessandro Del Piero
 26'
 67'

CF
21
Christian Vieri

Substitutes:

MF
9
Demetrio Albertini

 52'

FW
18
Roberto Baggio

 67'

MF
15
Angelo Di Livio

 90'

Manager:

Cesare Maldini

GK
16
Fabien Barthez

RB
15
Lilian Thuram

CB
5
Laurent Blanc

CB
8
Marcel Desailly

LB
3
Bixente Lizarazu

DM
7
Didier Deschamps (c)
 62'

RM
19
Christian Karembeu

 65'

LM
17
Emanuel Petit

AM
10
Zinedine Zidane

SS
6
Youri Djorkaeff

CF
9
Stéphane Guivarc'h
 53'
 65'

Substitutes:

FW
12
Thierry Henry

 65'

FW
20
David Trezeguet

 65'

Manager:

Aimé Jacquet

text:
Assistant referees:
 Mark Warren (England)
 Nicolae Grigorescu (Romania)
Fourth official:
Said Belqola (Morocco)

text: Semi-Final France vs Croatia[edit]

text:
France 2–1 Croatia
Thuram  47', 70'
Report
Šuker  46'

text:
GK
16
Fabien Barthez

RB
15
Lilian Thuram

CB
5
Laurent Blanc
 76'

CB
8
Marcel Desailly

LB
3
Bixente Lizarazu

DM
7
Didier Deschamps (c)

RM
19
Christian Karembeu

 31'

LM
17
Emmanuel Petit

AM
10
Zinedine Zidane

SS
6
Youri Djorkaeff

 77'

CF
9
Stéphane Guivarc'h

 68'

Substitutes:

FW
12
Thierry Henry

 31'

FW
20
David Trezeguet

 68'

DF
18
Frank Leboeuf

 77'

Manager:

Aimé Jacquet

GK
1
Dražen Ladić

RB
20
Dario Šimić
 88'

CB
6
Slaven Bilić

CB
4
Igor Štimac

LB
17
Robert Jarni

DM
14
Zvonimir Soldo

RM
7
Aljoša Asanović
 45'

LM
13
Mario Stanić
 75'
 89'

AM
10
Zvonimir Boban (c)

 66'

SS
19
Goran Vlaović

CF
9
Davor Šuker

Substitutes:

FW
11
Silvio Marić

 66'

MF
8
Robert Prosinečki

 89'

Manager:

Miroslav Blažević

text:
Assistant referees:
 Fernando Tresaco Gracia (Spain)
 Jorge Díaz Gálvez (Chile)
Fourth official:
Epifanio González Chávez (Paraguay)

text: Final[edit]

text: The 1998 final was held on 12 July at the Stade de France, Saint-Denis. France defeated holders Brazil 3–0, with two goals from Zinedine Zidane and a stoppage time strike from Emmanuel Petit. The win gave France their first World Cup title, becoming the sixth national team after Uruguay, Italy, England, West Germany and Argentina to win the tournament on their home soil. They also inflicted the heaviest defeat on Brazil since 1930.[7]

text:
The pre-match build up was dominated by the omission of Brazilian striker Ronaldo from the starting lineup only to be reinstated 45 minutes before kick-off.[8] He managed to create the first open chance for Brazil in the 22nd minute, dribbling past defender Thuram before sending a cross out on the left side that goalkeeper Fabien Barthez struggled to hold onto. France however took the lead in the 27th minute after Brazilian defender Roberto Carlos conceded a corner which Zidane scored with a header from the right.[9]
Three minutes before half-time, Zidane scored his second goal of the match, similarly another header from a corner, this time from the left side. The tournament hosts went down to ten men in the 68th minute as Marcel Desailly was sent off for a second bookable offence. Brazil reacted to this by making an attacking substitution and although they applied pressure France sealed the win with a third goal: substitute Patrick Vieira set up his club teammate Petit in a counterattack to shoot low past goalkeeper Cláudio Taffarel.[10]

text: French president Jacques Chirac was in attendance to congratulate and commiserate the winners and runners-up respectively after the match.[11] Several days after the victory, winning manager Aimé Jacquet announced his resignation from the French team with immediate effect.[12][13][14]

text:
Brazil 0–3 France

Report
Zidane  27', 45+1'Petit  90+3'

text:
Brazil

France

text:
GK
1
Claudio Taffarel

RB
2
Cafu

CB
3
Aldair

CB
4
Júnior Baiano
 33'

LB
6
Roberto Carlos

CM
5
César Sampaio

 73'

CM
8
Dunga (c)

AM
10
Rivaldo

AM
18
Leonardo

 46'

CF
20
Bebeto

CF
9
Ronaldo

Substitutes:

MF
19
Denílson

 46'

FW
21
Edmundo

 73'

Manager:

Mário Zagallo

GK
16
Fabien Barthez

RB
15
Lilian Thuram

CB
8
Marcel Desailly
 48', 68'

CB
18
Frank Leboeuf

LB
3
Bixente Lizarazu

DM
7
Didier Deschamps (c)
 39'

CM
17
Emmanuel Petit

CM
19
Christian Karembeu
 56'
 57'

AM
10
Zinedine Zidane

AM
6
Youri Djorkaeff

 74'

CF
9
Stéphane Guivarc'h

 66'

Substitutes:

MF
14
Alain Boghossian

 57'

FW
21
Christophe Dugarry

 66'

MF
4
Patrick Vieira

 74'

Manager:

Aimé Jacquet

text:
Man of the match
 Zinedine Zidane (France)
Officials
Linesmen:
Mark Warren (England)
Achmat Salie (South Africa)
Fourth official: Rahman Al Zaid (Saudi Arabia)

Match rules
90 minutes
30 minutes of extra-time if necessary
Penalty shoot-out if scores still level
Three substitutions permitted

text: Record players[edit]

text: Goalkeeper Fabien Barthez also shares the FIFA World Cup record for most matches without conceding a goal, which he achieved ten times. The only other player to have reached that number is England's Peter Shilton.

text:
No.

Name

Matches

World Cups

1

Fabien Barthez
17
1998, 2002 and 2006

Thierry Henry
17
1998, 2002, 2006 and 2010

3
Lilian Thuram
16
1998, 2002 and 2006

4
Maxime Bossis
15
1978, 1982 and 1986

5

Michel Platini
14
1978, 1982 and 1986

Hugo Lloris
14
2010, 2014 and 2018

7

Manuel Amoros
12
1982 and 1986

Alain Giresse
12
1982 and 1986

Jean Tigana
12
1982 and 1986

David Trezeguet
12
1998, 2002 and 2006

Patrick Vieira
12
1998, 2002 and 2006

Zinedine Zidane
12
1998, 2002 and 2006

Olivier Giroud
12
2014 and 2018

Antoine Griezmann
12
2014 and 2018

Raphaël Varane
12
2014 and 2018

text: Top goalscorers[edit]

text: Just Fontaine scored all his 13 World Cup goals in 1958, where France reached third place. This makes him record holder for most goals scored in a single FIFA World Cup. At the time, it also made him the most successful World Cup scorer of all time until the record was broken by West Germany's Gerd Müller in the World Cup final of 1974.

text:
No.

Name

Goals

World Cups

1
Just Fontaine
13
1958

2
Thierry Henry
6
1998 (3) and 2006 (3)

3

Michel Platini
5
1978 (1), 1982 (2) and 1986 (2)

Zinedine Zidane
5
1998 (2) and 2006 (3)

5

Raymond Kopa
4
1958

Dominique Rocheteau
4
1978 (1), 1982 (2) and 1986 (1)

Antoine Griezmann
4
2018

Kylian Mbappé
4
2018

9

Jean Nicolas
3
1934 (1) and 1938 (2)

Roger Piantoni
3
1958

Alain Giresse
3
1982

Karim Benzema
3
2014


document_title: Automotive industry

question_text: what is the biggest automobile company in the world

root

text: Automotive industry

text: History[edit]

text: The automotive industry began in the 1860s with hundreds of manufacturers that pioneered the horseless carriage. For many decades, the United States led the world in total automobile production. In 1929, before the Great Depression, the world had 32,028,500 automobiles in use, and the U.S. automobile industry produced over 90% of them. At that time the U.S. had one car per 4.87 persons.[3] After World War II, the U.S. produced about 75 percent of world's auto production. In 1980, the U.S. was overtaken by Japan and then became world's leader again in 1994. In 2006, Japan narrowly passed the U.S. in production and held this rank until 2009, when China took the top spot with 13.8 million units. With 19.3 million units manufactured in 2012, China almost doubled the U.S. production, with 10.3 million units, while Japan was in third place with 9.9 million units.[4] From 1970 (140 models) over 1998 (260 models) to 2012 (684 models), the number of automobile models in the U.S. has grown exponentially.[5]

tag: p

text: Safety[edit]

text: Safety is a state that implies to be protected from any risk, danger, damage or cause of injury. In the automotive industry, safety means that users, operators or manufacturers do not face any risk or danger coming from the motor vehicle or its spare parts. Safety for the automobiles themselves, implies that there is no risk of damage.

text: Safety in the automotive industry is particularly important and therefore highly regulated. Automobiles and other motor vehicles have to comply with a certain number of norms and regulations, whether local or international, in order to be accepted on the market. The standard ISO 26262, is considered as one of the best practice framework for achieving automotive functional safety.[6]

text: In case of safety issues, danger, product defect or faulty procedure during the manufacturing of the motor vehicle, the maker can request to return either a batch or the entire production run. This procedure is called product recall. Product recalls happen in every industry and can be production-related or stem from the raw material.

text: Product and operation tests and inspections at different stages of the value chain are made to avoid these product recalls by ensuring end-user security and safety and compliance with the automotive industry requirements. However, the automotive industry is still particularly concerned about product recalls, which cause considerable financial consequences.

text: Economy[edit]

text:
Around the world, there were about 806 million cars and light trucks on the road in 2007, consuming over 980 billion litres (980,000,000 m3) of gasoline and diesel fuel yearly.[7] The automobile is a primary mode of transportation for many developed economies. The Detroit branch of Boston Consulting Group predicts that, by 2014, one-third of world demand will be in the four BRIC markets (Brazil, Russia, India and China). Meanwhile, in the developed countries, the automotive industry has slowed down.[8] It is also expected that this trend will continue, especially as the younger generations of people (in highly urbanized countries) no longer want to own a car anymore, and prefer other modes of transport.[9] Other potentially powerful automotive markets are Iran and Indonesia.[10]
Emerging auto markets already buy more cars than established markets. According to a J.D. Power study, emerging markets accounted for 51 percent of the global light-vehicle sales in 2010. The study, performed in 2010 expected this trend to accelerate.[11][12] However, more recent reports (2012) confirmed the opposite; namely that the automotive industry was slowing down even in BRIC countries.[8] In the United States, vehicle sales peaked in 2000, at 17.8 million units.[13]

text: World motor vehicle production[edit]

text: 1960s: Post war increase

text: 1970s: Oil crisis and tighter safety and emission regulation.

text: 1990s: production started in NICs

text: 2000s: rise of China as top producer

text: 1950s: UK, Germany and France restarted production.

text:
1960s: Japan started production and increased volume through the 1980s.
US, Japan, Germany, France and UK produced about 80% of motor vehicles through the 1980s.

text: 1990s: Korea became a volume producer. In 2004, Korea became No. 5 passing France.

text: 2000s: China increased its production drastically, and became the world's largest producing country in 2009 .

text: By year[edit]

text:
Year

Production

Change

Source

1997

54,434,000

—

[16]

1998

52,987,000

 2.7%

[16]

1999

56,258,892

 6.2%

[17]

2000

58,374,162

 3.8%

[18]

2001

56,304,925

 3.5%

[19]

2002

58,994,318

 4.8%

[20]

2003

60,663,225

 2.8%

[21]

2004

64,496,220

 6.3%

[22]

2005

66,482,439

 3.1%

[23]

2006

69,222,975

 4.1%

[24]

2007

73,266,061

 5.8%

[25]

2008

70,520,493

 3.7%

[26]

2009

61,791,868

 12.4%

[27]

2010

77,857,705

 26.0%

[28]

2011

79,989,155

 3.1%

[29]

2012

84,141,209

 5.3%

[30]

2013

87,300,115

 3.7%

[31]

2014

89,747,430

 2.6%

[32]

2015

90,086,346

 0.4%

[33]

2016

94,976,569

 4.5%

[34]

tag: table

text: By country[edit]

text: The OICA counts over 50 countries which assemble, manufacture or disseminate automobiles. Of that figure, only 13, boldfaced in the list below, possess the capability to design automobiles from the ground up.[36][37]

text:
Algeria
Argentina
Australia (main page)
Austria
Azerbaijan
Bangladesh (main page)
Belarus (main page)
Belgium
Brazil (main page)
Bulgaria (main page)
Canada (main page)
China (main page)
Colombia
Czech Republic
Ecuador
Egypt
Finland
France (main page)
Ghana
Germany (main page)
Hungary (main page)
India (main page)
Indonesia (main page)
Iran (main page)
Italy (main page)
Japan (main page)
Jordan
Kazakhstan
Kenya (main page)
Morocco (main page)
Malaysia (main page)
Mexico (main page)
Netherlands
Pakistan (main page)
Philippines
Poland (main page)
Portugal
Romania (main page)
Russia (main page)
Serbia (main page)
Slovakia (main page)
Slovenia
South Africa (main page)
South Korea (main page)
Spain (main page)
Sweden (main page)
Taiwan
Thailand (main page)
Tunisia
Turkey (main page)
Ukraine (main page)
United Kingdom (main page)
United States (main page)
Uzbekistan (main page)
Venezuela
Vietnam

tag: ul

text:
Top 20 motor vehicle producing countries (2017)

Country

Motor vehicle production (units)

China

29,015,434

United States

11,189,985

Japan

9,693,746

Germany

5,645,581

India

4,782,896

South Korea

4,114,913

Mexico

4,068,415

Spain

2,848,335

Brazil

2,699,672

France

2,227,000

Canada

2,199,789

Thailand

1,988,823

United Kingdom

1,749,385

Turkey

1,695,731

Russia

1,551,293

Iran

1,515,396

Czech Republic

1,419,993

Indonesia

1,216,615

Italy

1,142,210

Slovakia

1,001,520

"Production Statistics". OICA.

text: By manufacturer[edit]

text: This is a list of the 15 largest manufacturers by production in 2016.[35]

text:
Rank
Group
Country
Vehicles

1
Toyota
Japan
10,213,486

2
Volkswagen Group
Germany
10,126,281

3
Hyundai
South Korea
7,889,538

4
General Motors
United States
7,793,066

5
Ford
United States
6,429,485

6
Nissan
Japan
5,556,241

7
Honda
Japan
4,999,266

8
Fiat Chrysler Automobiles
Italy / United States
4,681,457

9
Renault
France
3,373,278

10
PSA
France
3,152,787

11
Suzuki
Japan
2,945,295

12
SAIC
China
2,566,793

13
Daimler
Germany
2,526,450

14
BMW
Germany
2,359,756

15
Changan
China
1,715,871

text: By market segment[edit]

text: This section needs expansion. You can help by adding to it. (January 2018)

text: Company relationships[edit]

text: This section does not cite any sources. Please help improve this section by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. (April 2016) (Learn how and when to remove this template message)

text: Stake holding[edit]

text: It is common for automobile manufacturers to hold stakes in other automobile manufacturers. These ownerships can be explored under the detail for the individual companies.

text: Notable current relationships include:[citation needed]

text:
Daimler AG holds a 20% stake in Eicher Motors.
Daimler AG holds a 10.0% stake in KAMAZ.
Daimler AG holds an 89.29% stake in Mitsubishi Fuso Truck and Bus Corporation.
Daimler AG holds a 6.75% stake in Tata Motors.
Daimler AG holds a 3.1% in the Renault-Nissan Alliance.
Daimler AG holds a 12% stake in Beijing Automotive Group,
Daimler AG holds an 85% stake in Master Motors.
Dongfeng Motor holds a 12.23% stake and an 19.94% exercisable voting rights in PSA Groupe.
FAW Group owns 49% of Haima Automobile.
FCA holds a 10% stake in Ferrari.
FCA holds a 67% stake in Fiat Automobili Srbija.
FCA holds 37.8% of Tofaş with another 37.8% owned by Koç Holding.
Fiat Automobili Srbija owns a 54% stake in Zastava Trucks.
Fiat Industrial owns a 46% stake in Zastava Trucks.
Fujian Motors Group holds a 15% stake in King Long. FMG, Beijing Automotive Group, China Motor, and Daimler has a joint venture called Fujian Benz. FMG, China Motor, and Mitsubishi Motors has a joint venture called Soueast, FMG holds a 50% stake, and both China Motor and Mitsubishi Motors holds an equal 25% stake.
Geely Automobile holds a 23% stake in The London Taxi Company.
Geely Automobile holds a 49.9% stake in PROTON Holdings and a 51% stake in Lotus Cars.[38]
Geely Holding Group holds a 9.69% stake in Daimler AG.
Geely Holding Group holds an 8.3% stake and a 15.9% exercisable voting rights in AB Volvo.
General Motors holds a 94% stake in GM Korea and SAIC Group holds a 6% stake.
General Motors holds a 20% stake in Industries Mécaniques Maghrébines.
Isuzu owns 10% of Industries Mécaniques Maghrébines.
Mahindra & Mahindra holds a 70% stake in SsangYong Motor
MAN SE holds a 17.01% voting stake in Scania.
Marcopolo owns 19% of New Flyer Industries.
Mitsubishi Group holds 20% of Mitsubishi Motors.
Nissan owns 34% of Mitsubishi Motors and had the since October 2016,[39] thus having the right to nominate the chairman of Mitsubishi Motors’s board and a third of its directors.[40]
Nissan owns 43% of Nissan Shatai.
Porsche Automobil Holding SE has a 50.74% voting stake in Volkswagen Group.  The Porsche automotive business is fully owned by the Volkswagen Group.
Renault and Nissan Motors have an alliance (Renault-Nissan Alliance) involving two global companies linked by cross-shareholding, with Renault holding 43.4% of Nissan shares, and Nissan holding 15% of (non-voting) Renault shares.
Renault-Nissan Alliance holds a 3.1% share in Daimler AG.
Renault holds a 25% stake in AvtoVAZ
Renault holds an 80.1% stake in Renault Samsung.
SAIPA holds a 51% stake in Pars Khodro.
Toyota holds a 100% stake in Daihatsu.
Toyota holds a 50.1% stake in Hino.
Toyota holds a 16.7% stake in Fuji Heavy Industries, parent company of Subaru.
Toyota holds a 5.9% stake in Isuzu.
Toyota holds a 5.05% stake in Mazda, while Mazda holds 0.25% stake in Toyota[41].
Volkswagen Group holds a 99.55% stake in the Audi Group.
Volkswagen Group holds a 37.73% stake in Scania (68.6% voting rights), a 53.7% stake in MAN SE (55.9% voting rights),  Volkswagen is integrating Scania, MAN and its own truck division into one division.
Paccar inc. has a 19% stake in Tatra.
ZAP holds a 51% stake in Zhejiang Jonway.

text: Joint ventures[edit]

text:
Beijing Automotive Group has a joint venture with Daimler called Beijing Benz, both companies hold a 50-50% stake. both companies also have a joint venture called Beijing Foton Daimler Automobile.
Beijing Automotive Group also has a joint venture with Hyundai called Beijing Hyundai, both companies hold a 50-50% stake.
BMW and Brilliance have a joint venture called BMW Brilliance. BMW owns a 50% stake, Brilliance owns a 40.5% stake, and the Shenyang municipal government owns a 9.5% stake.
Changan Automobile has a joint venture with Groupe PSA (Changan PSA), both hold a 50-50% stake,
Changan Automobile has a joint venture with Suzuki (Changan Suzuki), both hold a 50-50% stake,
Changan Automobile has a 50-50% joint venture with Mazda (Changan Mazda).
Changan Automobile and Ford have a 50-50% joint venture called Changan Ford.
Changan Automobile and Jiangling Motors have a joint venture called Jiangxi Jiangling.
Chery has a joint venture with Tata Motors called Chery Jaguar Land Rover, both companies hold a 50-50% stake.
Chery and Israel Corporation has a joint venture called Qoros, both companies hold a 50-50% stake.
Daimler AG and BYD Auto have a joint venture called Denza, both companies hold a 50-50% stake.
Dongfeng Motor and Nissan have a 50-50% joint venture called Dongfeng Motor Company.
Dongfeng Motor and PSA Group have a 50-50% joint venture called Dongfeng Peugeot-Citroen,
Dongfeng Motor has a 50-50% joint venture with Honda called Dongfeng Honda,
Dongfeng Motor has a joint venture with AB Volvo called Dongfeng Nissan-Diesel,
Dongfeng Motor has a 50-50% joint venture with Renault named Dongfeng Renault in Wuhan, which was founded in the end of 2013
Ford and Navistar International have a 50-50 joint venture called Blue Diamond Truck.
Ford and Sollers JSC have a 50-50 joint venture called Ford Sollers.
Ford and Koç Holding have a 50-50 joint venture called Ford Otosan.
Ford and Lio Ho Group have a joint venture called Ford Lio Ho, Ford owns 70% and Lio Ho Group owns 30%.
FAW Group and General Motors has a 50-50 joint venture called FAW-GM,
FAW Group has a 50-50 joint venture with Volkswagen Group called FAW-Volkswagen,
FAW Group has a 50-50 joint venture with Toyota called Sichuan FAW Toyota Motor and both companies also have another joint venture called Ranz.
General Motors and Shanghai Automotive Industry Corporation (SAIC), both have two joint ventures in Shanghai General Motors and SAIC-GM-Wuling Automobile. Both also hold an equal 50% stake in General Motors India Private Limited.
General Motors and UzAvtosanoat have a joint venture called GM Uzbekistan, UzAvtosanoat owns 75% and General Motors owns 25%.
General Motors, AvtoVAZ, and EBRD have a joint venture called GM-AvtoVAZ, Both GM and AvtoVAZ owns 41.61% and EBRD owns 16.76%.
Hyundai Motor Company and Kibar Holding has a joint venture called Hyundai Assan Otomotiv, Hyundai owns 70% and Kibar Holding owns 30%.
Isuzu and Anadolu Group have a 50-50% joint venture called Anadolu Isuzu.
Isuzu and General Motors has a 50-50% joint venture called Isuzu Truck South Africa.
Isuzu, Sollers JSC, and Imperial Sojitz have a joint venture called Sollers-Isuzu, Sollers JSC owns 66%, Isuzu owns 29%, and Imperial Sojitz owns 5%.
Mahindra & Mahindra and Navistar International have a joint venture called Mahindra Trucks and Buses Limited. Mahindra & Mahindra owns 51% and Navistar International owns 49%.
Mahindra & Mahindra has a joint venture with Renault called Mahindra Renault, where Mahindra & Mahindra owns 51% and Renault owns 49%.
MAN SE and UzAvtosanoat have a joint venture called MAN Auto-Uzbekistan, UzAvtosanoat owns 51% and MAN SE owns 49%.
Navistar International and JAC has a joint venture called Anhui Jianghuai Navistar.
PSA Groupe and Toyota have a 50-50% joint venture called Toyota Peugeot Citroen Automobile Czech
Sollers JSC is involved in joint ventures with Ford (Ford Sollers) and Mazda to produce cars.
Tata Motors also formed a joint venture in India with Fiat and gained access to Fiat's diesel engine technology.
Tata Motors and Marcopolo have a joint venture called Tata Marcopolo, where Tata owns 51% and Marcopolo owns 49%.
Volvo Group and Eicher Motors has a 50-50% joint venture called VE Commercial Vehicles.
purge and liggy have a joint venture called reddy corp

text: Top vehicle manufacturing groups by volume[edit]

text: The table below shows the world's 10 largest motor vehicle manufacturing groups, along with the marques produced by each one. The table is ranked by 2016 production figures from the International Organization of Motor Vehicle Manufacturers (OICA) for the parent group, and then alphabetically by marque. Joint ventures are not reflected in this table. Production figures of joint ventures are typically included in OICA rankings, which can become a source of controversy.[42][43]

text:
Marque
Country of origin
Ownership
Markets

1. Toyota (Japan)

Daihatsu
Japan

Subsidiary
Europe, Asia (except South Korea, South Asia (excluding Sri Lanka)), Africa, South America

Hino
Japan

Subsidiary
South East Asia, Japan, North America, Central America, South America, Caribbean

Lexus
Japan

Business Unit
South East Asia, China, Japan, South Korea, Middle East, United States, Canada, Europe, Brazil, Costa Rica, Panama, Chile, Peru, Bolivia, Australia, New Zealand, South Africa, India

Toyota
Japan

Division
Global, except Iran

2. Volkswagen AG (Germany)

Audi
Germany

Subsidiary
Global, except Iran

Bentley
United Kingdom

Subsidiary
Global

Bugatti
France

Subsidiary
Global, except Australia

Ducati
Italy

Subsidiary
Global

Lamborghini
Italy

Subsidiary
Global

MAN
Germany

Subsidiary
Global, except North America

Porsche
Germany

Subsidiary
Global, except Iran, North Korea, Syria, Cuba

Scania
Sweden

Subsidiary
Global, except North America

SEAT
Spain

Subsidiary
Europe, China, Singapore, Mexico, Central America, South America, Middle East, Northern Africa

Škoda
Czech Republic

Subsidiary
Europe, Asia (except Indonesia, The Philippines, Iran, Japan, South Korea, North Korea), Central America, South America, Dominican Republic, Northern Africa, Western Africa, Australia, New Zealand

Volkswagen
Germany

Division
Global

Volkswagen Commercial Vehicles
Germany

Subsidiary
Global

VTB
Brazil

Business Unit
Brazil, Mexico, Nigeria, South Africa

3. Hyundai (South Korea)

Genesis
South Korea

Business Unit
South Korea, Russia, United States, Canada, Middle East

Hyundai
South Korea

Division
Global

Kia
South Korea

Subsidiary
Global

4. General Motors (United States)

Buick
United States

Business Unit
North America, China, Israel

Cadillac
United States

Business Unit
North America, Middle East, China, Europe, Japan, South Korea

Chevrolet
United States

Business Unit
Global, except Australia, New Zealand

GMC
United States

Business Unit
North America, Middle East (except Israel)

Holden
Australia

Subsidiary
Australia, New Zealand

JieFang
China

Business Unit
China

SAIC-GM
China

Business Unit
China

UzDaewoo
Uzbekistan

Business Unit
Central Asia, Russia

5. Ford (United States)

Ford
United States

Division
Global

Lincoln
United States

Business Unit
North America, Middle East, Japan, South Korea, China

Troller Veículos Especiais
Brazil

Subsidiary
South America, Africa, Australia, Europe

6. Nissan (Japan)

Datsun
Japan

Division
Indonesia, India, Russia, South Africa

Infiniti
Japan

Subsidiary
Global, except Japan, South America (excluding Chile), Africa (excluding South Africa)

Nissan
Japan

Division
Global

7. Honda (Japan)

Acura
Japan

Division
China, Kuwait, North America, Russia

Honda
Japan

Division
Global

8. Fiat Chrysler Automobiles (Italy)

Abarth
Italy

Subsidiary
Global, except Iran

Alfa Romeo
Italy

Subsidiary
Global, except Iran, China, Taiwan, the Philippines and Brazil

Chrysler
United States

Division
Global, except Europe (excluding United Kingdom, Ireland), Africa (excluding South Africa, Egypt), South Asia, South East Asia (excluding Indonesia, the Philippines, Singapore)

Dodge
United States

Division
Global, except Europe, Africa (excluding South Africa, Egypt), South Asia, South East Asia (excluding Indonesia, the Philippines)

Fiat
Italy

Subsidiary
Global, except Africa (excluding South Africa), Iran, South East Asia

Fiat Professional
Italy

Business Unit
Global, except Africa (excluding South Africa), Iran, South East Asia, United States, Canada

Jeep
United States

Division
Global, except Africa (excluding South Africa, Egypt), South Asia (excluding India, Sri Lanka), South East Asia (excluding Malaysia, Indonesia, the Philippines, Singapore)

Lancia
Italy

Division
Europe, except United Kingdom, Ireland

Maserati
Italy

Subsidiary
Global

RAM
United States

Division
North America, Brazil, Middle East, Peru

9. Renault (France)

Dacia
Romania

Subsidiary
Europe, North Africa

Lada
Russia

Business Unit
Russia, Belarus, Ukraine, Armenia, Azerbaijan, Czech Republic, Slovakia, Austria, France, Germany, Hungary, Egypt

Renault
France

Division
Global

Renault Samsung Motors
South Korea

Subsidiary
South Korea

10. Groupe PSA (France)

Citroën
France

Division
Europe, Central and South America, Northern and Western Africa, South Africa, Madagascar, Australia, New Zealand, Asia (except India, Pakistan, Bangladesh)

DS
France

Division
Europe, China and Brazil

Peugeot
France

Division
Global, except USA, Canada, India, Pakistan, Bangladesh

Opel
Germany

Subsidiary
Europe (except United Kingdom), North Africa, South Africa, Middle East, Singapore, Chile

Vauxhall
United Kingdom

Subsidiary
United Kingdom

text: Car brands and parent companies[edit]

text: The table below lists most car brands and their parent companies.

text:
Parent (Owner)

Parent Origin

Brand

Brand Origin

Fiat Chrysler Automobiles

Italy

Abarth

Italy

Honda

Japan

Acura

Japan

Polaris Industries

United States

Aixam

France

Fiat Chrysler Automobiles

Italy

Alfa Romeo

Italy

Renault

France

Alpine

France

Aston Martin

United Kingdom

Aston Martin

United Kingdom

Volkswagen Group

Germany

Audi

Germany

SAIC-GM-Wuling

China/United States

Baojun

China

Volkswagen Group

Germany

Bentley

United Kingdom

BMW

Germany

BMW

Germany

Brilliance

China

Brilliance

China

Volkswagen Group

Germany

Bugatti

France

General Motors

United States

Buick

United States

BYD

China

BYD

China

General Motors

United States

Cadillac

United States

Caterham

United Kingdom

Caterham

United Kingdom

Chang'an

China

Chang'an

China

General Motors

United States

Chevrolet

United States

Fiat Chrysler Automobiles

Italy

Chrysler

United States

Groupe PSA

France

Citroën

France

Volkswagen Group

Germany

Cupra

Spain

Renault

France

Dacia

Romania

Toyota

Japan

Daihatsu

Japan

Nissan

Japan

Datsun

Japan

Fiat Chrysler Automobiles

Italy

Dodge

United States

Dongfeng Motor Corporation

China

Dongfeng

China

Groupe PSA

France

DS

France

Dongfeng Motor Corporation

China

Dongfeng Fengshen

China

Fiat Chrysler Automobiles

Italy

Fiat

Italy

Wanxiang

China

Karma

United States

Ford

United States

Ford

United States

Ferrari

Italy

Ferrari

Italy

Geely

China

Geely

China

Hyundai Motor Group

South Korea

Genesis

South Korea

General Motors

United States

GMC

United States

Toyota

Japan

Hino Motors

Japan

General Motors

United States

Holden (HSV)

Australia

Honda

Japan

Honda

Japan

Hyundai Motor Group

South Korea

Hyundai

South Korea

Nissan

Japan

Infiniti

Japan

Isuzu Motors

Japan

Isuzu

Japan

Jaguar Land Rover

United Kingdom

Jaguar

United Kingdom

Fiat Chrysler Automobiles

Italy

Jeep

United States

FAW Group / FAW-GM

China/United States

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document_title: Top of the Lake

question_text: who plays sarge in top of the lake

question_tokens: who plays sarge in top of the lake

text: Top of the Lake

text: Cast[edit]

text: Main[edit]

text:
Elisabeth Moss as Robin Griffin, a Sydney detective specialising in sexual assault who is visiting her remote New Zealand hometown of Laketop, agrees to investigate the pregnancy and disappearance of a local 12-year-old girl, Tui Mitcham. Her ability to empathise with Tui's circumstances is based on a horrific event during her own teenage years.
David Wenham as Al Parker, an old-school and well-liked detective sergeant, based in Queenstown, who also manages a café where young offenders are given a second chance.
Peter Mullan as Matt Mitcham, a Scotsman and head of the Mitcham family. He is the informal leader of the town, feared by the townspeople, but with a complex inner life.
Tom Wright (Season 1) as Johnno Mitcham, Matt's estranged youngest son, and Robin's teenage sweetheart. He recently returned to Laketop after serving eight years in Bangkwang, a Thai prison, for drug possession.
Holly Hunter as GJ, an androgynous Swiss spiritual leader, arriving at Paradise with a group of troubled women, who hope GJ and Laketop will help them rediscover themselves.

text: Supporting[edit]

text:
Kip Chapman and Jay Ryan as Luke and Mark Mitcham, Matt's brute sons.
Jacqueline Joe as Tui Angel Mitcham, Matt's 12-year-old daughter who disappears after it is discovered that she is five months pregnant.
Robyn Nevin as Jude Griffin, Robin's mother, who is suffering from cancer.
Calvin Tuteao as Turangi, Jude's caring Māori boyfriend, who has a violent temper.

text:
Alison Bruce as Anne-Marie
Georgi Kay as Melissa
Lucy Lawless as Caroline Platt
Genevieve Lemon as Bunny
Robyn Malcolm as Anita
Griz Pomirska as "the Naked Lady"
Sarah Valentine as Prue
Skye Wansey as Grishina

text:
Ben Barrington as Terry
James Blake as Shotover
Byron Coll as Penguin
Cohen Holloway as Mike
Oscar Redding as Sarge
Edwin Wright as Scuzz

text:
Luke Buchanan as Jamie
Sam Dickson as Jase
Connor Olivia Moore as Kayla
Layne Opetaia as Daniel
Alice Ward as Gemma

text:
Stephen Lovatt as Officer Pete
Gavin Rutherford as Officer Joy
Madeleine Sami as Zena the secretary

text:
Edward Campbell as Putty, the "village idiot".
Lauren Dawes as Mandy, Johnno's girlfriend.
Erica Englert as Narelle, Matt's housekeeper.
Mirrah Foulkes as Simone, Jamie's mother.
Dra McKay as Delia, Tui's teacher.

text: Top of the Lake: China Girl[edit]

text:
Gwendoline Christie as Miranda Hilmarson, a 35-year-old Constable in the Sydney Police Force, who becomes Robin's partner.[5]
Alice Englert as Mary Edwards, Robin's 17-year-old daughter, whom she gave up for adoption at two days old. Suffering from anxiety and low self-esteem, Mary has begun to act out, due to the separation of her parents.[5]
Nicole Kidman as Julia Edwards, Mary's overbearing adoptive mother. She has recently become estranged from her husband and daughter, due to having an affair with a female teacher from Mary's school, with whom she now lives.
Ewen Leslie as Pyke Edwards, a successful lawyer and Mary's adoptive father. Mary resents him for his passivity in his relationship with Julia.[6]
David Dencik as Alexander "Puss" Braun, a 42-year-old charismatic German, who owns a building in Sydney he rents to a brothel. He is also Mary's boyfriend. Puss's grooming of Mary frightens Robin, Pyke and Julia.[7]
Clayton Jacobson as Detective Sergeant Adrian Butler, Robin's boss[8]
Kym Gyngell as Bootie, who owns the Silk 41 brothel in Sydney, in space rented from Puss[9]
Ling Cooper Tang as Dang, Bootie's Thai-born wife and madam of the brothel
Geoff Morrell as Ray, the police pathologist
Liv Hewson as Michaela, Mary's best friend at school
Christiaan Van Vuuren as Stally, a police constable interested in Robin
Lincoln Vickery, as Brett Iles, a young computer science student in love with a missing brothel worker, Cinnamon
Mark Leonard Winter as Johnno, Robin's childhood love and now ex-fiancé, whom she dumped on their wedding day

text: Production[edit]

text: Top of the Lake[edit]

text: Actress Jennifer Ehle auditioned for the role of GJ, which went to Holly Hunter. Jane Campion originally offered the role of Robin to Anna Paquin, who had worked with her on The Piano (1993). Paquin declined due to her pregnancy, and the role went to American Elisabeth Moss.[10]

text: The series was originally intended as a co-production with the Australian Broadcasting Corporation. But after Moss was cast as Robin, the network pulled their funding before production began, citing a prior agreement to put an Australian actress in the lead.[11] Australian-based channel UKTV, owned by BBC Worldwide, filled the funding gap left by the ABC.[12] Philippa Campbell was the New Zealand-based producer.

text: Filming took 18 weeks and was shot entirely on location in Queenstown and Glenorchy, in Otago, on the South Island of New Zealand. While Queenstown is referred to during the series, Glenorchy doubles as the fictitious town of Laketop. The scenes in the women's commune were filmed at Moke Lake.[10]

text: Top of the Lake: China Girl[edit]

text: In early 2013, co-creator Jane Campion said that Top of the Lake comes to a distinct ending, and there would be no additional series.[13] Despite this, it was announced in October 2014 that the series had been renewed for a second season.[14] China Girl began shooting on location in Sydney, Australia in December 2015.[15][16]

text: Campion returned as co-writer and co-director. Gerard Lee returned as co-writer. The original co-director, Garth Davis, was replaced by Ariel Kleiman due to scheduling conflicts.[17] Philippa Campbell returned as producer. Actress Nicole Kidman joined the cast for China Girl, which is the second time she has worked with Campion. Kidman "plays an Australian mother, Julia, whose story dovetails with that of Detective Robin Griffin", played by Elisabeth Moss.[18] Christie, a fan of Campion's The Piano, joined the cast after sending a letter through a mutual friend.[19]

text: Release[edit]

text: Top of the Lake screened in its entirety at the January 2013 Sundance Film Festival, in a single seven-hour session with one intermission and a break for lunch. This was the first such screening in the history of the festival.[20] Top of the Lake was additionally shown at the 63rd Berlin International Film Festival.

text: The US premiere was on the Sundance Channel on 18 March 2013,[21] in Australia on BBC UKTV on 24 March 2013,[22] and in New Zealand on 25 March, also on BBC UKTV.[23]

text: China Girl was screened in its entirety at the May 2017 Cannes Film Festival.[24] In the UK, it premiered on BBC Two on 27 July 2017, and the entire series was released on the BBC iPlayer immediately afterwards. [25] In the US, it premiered in September 2017, on Sundance TV,[26] and each episode will be available on Hulu the day after its screening on SundanceTV.[27] In Canada, China Girl premiered on October 25, 2017, on CBC Television.[28]

text: Episodes[edit]

text: Series 1[edit]

text: This article needs an improved plot summary. (November 2017)

text:
Sundance episodes

No.
overall
No. in
season
Title
Directed by
Written by
Original air date

1
1
"Episode 1"
Jane Campion
Jane Campion & Gerard Lee
18 March 2013 (2013-03-18)

In the small town of Laketop, New Zealand, a young girl named Tui Mitcham is discovered standing chest-deep in the icy, glacial waters of the titular lake. Afterwards, a school nurse notices that the girl is pregnant. Robin Griffin, who grew up in the area, is now a police inspector in Sydney who specializes in cases involving children. While home visiting her sick mother, she agrees to interview Tui at the local police station.

2
2
"Episode 2"
Garth Davis with Jane Campion
Jane Campion & Gerard Lee
18 March 2013 (2013-03-18)

Robin encounters two women from Paradise. They tell her Tui was with them the day before she disappeared but was gone in the morning. Robin organizes the local authorities to search for Tui. During the search, Robin walks into the lake and has a vision of Tui doing the same, the latter clenching her fists in the water.

3
3
"Episode 3"
Garth Davis
Jane Campion & Gerard Lee
25 March 2013 (2013-03-25)

Matt Mitcham goes to Paradise and sits in on a session with GJ, the enigmatic leader of the camp. In a mocking tone, Matt asks the group about the human mind. GJ tells Matt that the human mind schemes. Later, Al meets Matt in the middle of the lake for a secret meeting.

4
4
"Episode 4"
Garth Davis with Jane Campion
Jane Campion & Gerard Lee
1 April 2013 (2013-04-01)

Robin has dinner at Al's ultramodern, immaculate, lakeside house. Robin tells Al she thinks Tui's note, that said "No One", meant there were multiple rapists. Al counsels Robin she is getting too involved in Tui's case, likely because of Robin's own history of having been gang raped, at age 15.

5
5
"Episode 5"
Jane Campion with Garth Davis
Jane Campion & Gerard Lee
8 April 2013 (2013-04-08)

Robin asks Johnno what he wanted to tell her about the night she was raped. Johnno describes how he heard Robin screaming and he peed himself. He says he found a latch to get out of the dog cage in the back of the truck but was too afraid to persist in trying to stop the men from raping her.

6
6
"Episode 6"
Garth Davis with Jane Campion
Jane Campion & Gerard Lee
15 April 2013 (2013-04-15)

Robin reveals to Johnno that she plans to make a case against Matt Mitcham, in hopes of encouraging Tui to come home. Robin shares that she caught Jamie attempting to take Tui with rohypnol, a "date rape" drug that Robin suspects Matt manufactures. Johnno warns Robin against bringing a case against Matt, as Matt's drug business provides much of the town with a livelihood.

7
7
"Episode 7"
Jane Campion
Jane Campion & Gerard Lee
15 April 2013 (2013-04-15)

Robin goes to work at the police station the next day and tells Al that Matt said he was her father. Matt, certain that Tui could not be pregnant, searches for and finds her with her newborn baby. As he is about to kill the baby, Tui appears and kills Matt. Robin discovers that Al has been pimping young boys and girls from the barista training, including Tui, to other men for sex.

text:
BBC episodes

No.
overall
No. in
season
Title
Directed by
Written by
UK air date
UK[29] viewers
(millions)

1
1
"Paradise Sold"
Jane Campion
Jane Campion & Gerard Lee
13 July 2013 (2013-07-13)
2.70

Tui's pregnancy is discovered, and the Paradise community moves in.

2
2
"Searchers Search"
Garth Davis
Jane Campion & Gerard Lee
20 July 2013 (2013-07-20)
1.92

Robin's search for Tui begins.

3
3
"The Edge of the Universe"
Garth Davis
Jane Campion & Gerard Lee
27 July 2013 (2013-07-27)
1.57

Robin makes a breakthrough. Over dinner at Al's place he warns her about her past being known.

4
4
"A Rainbow Above Us"
Jane Campion
Jane Campion & Gerard Lee
3 August 2013 (2013-08-03)
1.32

Al dismisses Robin from the case. Her passionate affair with Johnno intensifies.

5
5
"The Dark Creator"
Garth Davis
Jane Campion & Gerard Lee
10 August 2013 (2013-08-10)
1.50

Robin is back on the case. Matt gathers troops to hunt Tui down. Tui's friends celebrate her birthday in the mountains.

6
6
"No Goodbyes Thanks"
Jane Campion
Jane Campion & Gerard Lee
17 August 2013 (2013-08-17)
1.72

Matt reveals his secret about Robin, and the investigation concludes.

text: Series 2: China Girl[edit]

text: This article's plot summary may be too long or excessively detailed. Please help improve it by removing unnecessary details and making it more concise. (November 2017) (Learn how and when to remove this template message)

text:
No.
overall
No. in
season
Title
Directed by
Written by
UK air date
UK[30] viewers
(millions)

7
1
"China Girl"
Jane Campion
Jane Campion & Gerard Lee
27 July 2017 (2017-07-27)
3.39

In Sydney, brothel owners Bootie and Dang throw a heavy suitcase off a cliff into the ocean. Four years after the events with Tui, Robin tries to adjust back to life in Sydney while dealing with residual PTSD from shooting Al Parker. Parker turned witness in the case of the paedophile ring in exchange for immunity, but has now filed a civil suit against Robin, claiming the shooting was personally motivated. Robin's daughter, Mary, is now nearly 18 and exhibiting signs of mental instability that her adoptive parents worry is more than teen angst. Unbeknownst to her parents, Mary is dating a 42-year-old German, Alexander, nicknamed "Puss", who lives above a brothel, Silk 41. Mary is enamoured with Puss, who claims to be "empowering" the young Asian prostitutes by teaching them English and other life lessons. Mary is aggressively rebelling and openly hostile against her adoptive parents, Pyke and Julia, who are getting a divorce after Julia came out as a lesbian. Pyke and Julia are appalled after meeting Puss, who informs them he plans to marry Mary. Robin's new boss, Detective Sergeant Adrian Butler, brings a large stuffed panda to a young Asian woman. Brett, a socially awkward university student who frequents brothels, worries because he can't find a prostitute named Cinnamon, whom he believes is his girlfriend. Meanwhile, the suitcase washes up on Bondi Beach and it contains the decomposing body of a woman. Robin and a rookie constable, the awkward Miranda, are assigned to the case.

8
2
"The Loved One"
Ariel Kleiman
Jane Campion & Gerard Lee
3 August 2017 (2017-08-03)
2.38

A flashback reveals that four weeks earlier, Johnno was arrested on their wedding day after his pot farm was raided, and Robin left him after discovering he had cheated on her as well. Meanwhile, Tui is now raising her son at the women's commune. In the present, Robin, who had three miscarriages while with Johnno, has nightmares about babies. Robin is obsessed with the case of the Asian Jane Doe found in the suitcase, dubbed "China Girl," whose cause of death was possibly strangulation. With no matching reports from missing persons, they suspect she was working as a prostitute, possibly entering the country with a false passport. Robin and Miranda observe the autopsy, where the coroner learns that China Girl was about 17 weeks pregnant. An emotional Miranda leaves the autopsy when she sees the tiny foetus, and she later reveals she is 18 weeks pregnant. Robin is irritated by Miranda, but Adrian insists they work together, because nobody else will work with either of them. They visit brothels, which are legal in Sydney. Robin notices a large stuffed panda at one, Silk 41, and asks Adrian what happened to the one he had in his office. He claims he gave it to his son. Brett goes to Silk 41 to find Cinnamon, and is eventually told she went to Canberra. He refuses to believe she would without telling him. Robin finally works up the courage to contact Mary, leaving a letter at the Edwards' home. She first meets with Pyke and Julia at his office, and Julia angrily informs her that Mary's behavioural problems began four years earlier, after she never received a reply to the letter she sent Robin. She chastises her for not having the decency to respond, and that Mary agonised over whether she had said something wrong in the letter. Julia storms off, but Pyke is more patient and listen as Robin explains she was just 16 years old when Mary was born. Robin is able to meet Mary, who behaves oddly and exhibits very low self-esteem. Mary reveals she assumed that she was the product of rape, which Robin confirms. Mary volunteers to murder her mother's rapist, and Robin confesses that she never knew who the father was, being a victim of a gang rape. A DNA test on the male foetus reveals China Girl was not his biological mother, mystifying the pathologist. Robin, though, realises the dead girl was acting as a surrogate mother, changing the course of the investigation.

9
3
"Surrogate"
Ariel Kleiman
Jane Campion & Gerard Lee
10 August 2017 (2017-08-10)
1.97

Robin believes that China Girl was acting as an illegal surrogate, as the law states surrogates must be over 25 and have already had a child of their own, and thus the biological parents were working outside the normal system. She and Miranda visit a fertility clinic, where a doctor tells Robin that although many parents may be desperate enough to try illegal surrogacy, that would bring great risk as the law would side with the surrogate mother, who could decide to keep the child. Robin comes out to see Miranda arguing with the receptionist. Robin gets a lead after potentially finding the biological parents for whom China Girl was a surrogate, after a mentally unstable woman is wandering in traffic, crying about her missing baby. Robin visits the woman, Felicity, and her husband, Mike, in the psychiatric ward. Mike, who has a criminal record for cocaine possession, eventually agrees to take a DNA test. Robin is irritated by Miranda, who smokes and drinks despite her pregnancy, and who is now sleeping with Robin's brother on top of having an affair with the married Adrian. Another detective, Stally, continues to make unwanted advances on Robin. After some investigating, Pyke and Julia confront Puss with the fact that he is already married, causing him to have a bizarre outburst in a restaurant and a further rift between them and Mary. Puss locks himself in his apartment and refuses to see Mary or any of the prostitutes in to see him. After being called by Pyke, Robin takes Mary to her apartment, where Mary breaks down because of Puss refusing to see her. Robin's mediation with Al, now confined to a wheelchair, does not go as planned when he tries to kill her before it begins.

10
4
"Birthday"
Ariel Kleiman
Jane Campion & Gerard Lee
17 August 2017 (2017-08-17)
1.92

Puss manipulates Mary to start working as a prostitute when she turns 18, mocking her for her privileged upbringing and implying she thinks she is better than her friends at the brothel. Pyke and Mary attend her school's Daddy/Daughter dance, which he has been looking forward to. Mary at first stops to check on Puss, who talks his way into attending, claiming he is her "Daddy." At the dance, he interrupts Pyke and Mary's waltz and causes outrage when he begins dancing sexually with Mary, and is thrown out. Brett, who has seen the news about the Asian Jane Doe, contacts the police and gives them a photo of Cinnamon. Upset that the police consider him a suspect, Brett tells them about the creepy guy at the brothel. As he describes him, Robin fears he is talking about Mary's boyfriend. Mary takes some of the prostitutes (whom she claims are students) to the beach with her, Pyke and Robin, to teach them how to swim. Puss comes along and, after noticing Robin's air of hostility towards him, he brings up her rape, makes sexually suggestive remarks and then violently attacks her, biting her on the nose. Mary, screaming and hitting herself in the head, convinces Robin not to press charges. The DNA test reveals that Felicity and Mike are not the biological parents, but Robin is shocked to find out they have three young Asian women as surrogate mothers. Mary asks Dang to start working there, and Dang refuses. On Mary's 18th birthday, Puss takes Mary to a hookers' strip. She says she is afraid and he hits her in the face. He tells her that is worse than what any John will do to her, and now she doesn't have to be afraid, and then leaves her there. Unable to complete the act, she is thrown out of a car by a John, and phones Robin for help. In Robin's car, Mary sees the photo of Cinnamon, whom she recognises. Robin hints that Mary is in great danger. At Robin's apartment, Mary breaks down crying, saying she doesn't know how to leave him.

11
5
"Who's Your Daddy"
Jane Campion
Jane Campion & Gerard Lee
24 August 2017 (2017-08-24)[31]
1.69

Mary leaves the safety of Robin's home to reconnect with Puss, who learns from her that Robin is looking into the murder of Cinnamon. Robin tells Pyke about picking Mary up from under the overpass. Pyke wants to kill Puss, and Robin says even she arrests him, she knows he won't be held long. Brett becomes further unhinged after identifying her Cinnamon's body and begins suffering from hallucinations. Miranda has another crying spell at work and admits she fears her baby has died. They return to the same fertility clinic where Miranda shows the receptionist the photo of Cinnamon, and demands to know if she recognises her. Miranda informs her that the girl in the photo was not a student, but a sex worker, and then starts screaming that she wants an ultrasound. Robin takes her out to the beach to calm down, where Miranda reveals she is not actually pregnant and that her pregnancy is being done via surrogacy because of her own fertility issues. Miranda says their surrogate is pregnant with a daughter but has gone missing, and she fears it is because of a miscarriage. Miranda still insists that their surrogate was a student, but Robin asks if Adrian gave her a stuffed panda, because she saw one at Silk 41. A doctor at the fertility clinic, unaware that the girls were sex workers, connects Robin with a couple who identify Cinnamon as their surrogate mother, whose real name was Pathma. With the assistance of Mary's schoolfriend Michaela, Puss directs make some sort of "art film" with the prostitutes and Caucasian babies, set in a Thai village. Mary becomes worried when Caramel, another pregnant girl from Silk 41, is taken away by Puss and Dang. Connected by concern over Mary and Puss, Robin and Pyke grow closer, much to Julia's annoyance and jealousy. Brett, armed with a rifle, shows up at the brothel and demands to see Puss. Puss pushes Mary in front of him and escapes in the elevator as Brett fires the gun.

12
6
"The Battle of the Mothers"
Ariel Kleiman
Jane Campion & Gerard Lee
31 August 2017 (2017-08-31)[31]
1.84

Robin and Pyke make love when she receives a late-night call from Mary. Nobody speaks, but Robin hears people arguing about a taxi fare and Mary screams before the phone is disconnected. Miranda calls and tells her there was a shooting at Silk 41, and that the suspect is Brett Iles, who took Mary hostage. The taxi is found at Bondi Beach, with the taxi driver shot dead. Security footage from the brothel shows Puss escaping as Brett shot Bootie, before leaving with Mary. The security footage also shows another room, in which Miranda spots her surrogate. That room is not at the brothel, and none of the sex workers know its location. The next day, Pyke and Julia go to Mary's school to appeal to her classmates for any information. Michaela tells them about a place on Liverpool Street called Stasi Cafe, where Mary first met Puss. The manhunt for Brett intensifies, but Robin is convinced he's still on Bondi Beach, now packed with people. She notices an empty case of beer that was there the previous night. She and Miranda move in and try to quietly move beachgoers away from the box. One group refuses to move and distracts Robin while Miranda discovers a shoe sticking out from the sand. She kicks the box away to find Brett's face peeking out, his eyes closed. Miranda moves in to check his pulse. Robin yells at Miranda to draw her weapon but she freezes. Brett suddenly pulls the rifle out of the sand and shoots Miranda in the abdomen. Robin jumps on him, her gun to his head, demanding to know where Mary is. Meanwhile, Mary shows up at home, unharmed. Crying, Julia begs her to stay, promising that she will change and try to understand her, but Mary leaves. Robin visits the hospital, where Miranda is in a coma, her outlook grim. Adrian vows to tell everyone he loves her, and begs Robin to find their surrogate. Robin finds Pyke at Stasi Cafe, where they kiss and embrace. He leaves after getting a text from Julia informing him that Mary's passport is missing. Robin then finds Puss in the kitchen, where she cuts him with a kitchen knife. He claims that Cinnamon hanged herself. Robin puts her gun to his head and he discloses the address of the missing surrogates, giving her the key. She shows up to find not only Adrian but the other expectant couples, including Felicia and Mike, all of whom received calls from their surrogates. They find the apartment empty, with a DVD left behind. Meanwhile, Mary escorts the dozen or so surrogates through the airport. Puss shows up as they board the plane, and Mary, upset, tells him that she could have been shot while he fled. He lies and tells her the elevator doors closed and he couldn't do anything. She asks what will happen to the babies and who will love them, and he tells them the "people who made them" will buy them back. She pulls away and he slaps her. She hits him back, over and over. Caramel calls for Mary, but she refuses to board and watches him leave. At the apartment, Adrian plays the DVD, which shows the video shot at the brothel of the Thai women with the babies. Puss narrates, mocking the parents, and accusing the West of exploiting the bodies of oppressed Asian women through prostitution and now surrogacy. He declares that their babies have flown away but each one will bring enough money to feed an entire poor village, as the video shows Bootie handing a bundle of cash in exchange for a white baby. Robin rushes to the airport, while the couples become hysterical, begging Adrian to call the airport and detain the women who are kidnapping their children. Adrian, stunned, tells them there is nothing that can be done legally, as the women can do whatever they want, even while pregnant with another mother's child. Robin arrives at the airport and finds an empty gate, with just the stuffed panda. Mary, however, is safe with her parents. Robin arrives at the Edwards' home, where Julia says she and Pyke are going to give it another try as a couple. Before she leaves, Robin asks if she can borrow the DVD Pyke told her about, showing Mary growing up. Julia protests and says it is their only copy, so Pyke says he will come pick it up as soon as Robin has finished watching it, which Robin says she will do that evening. Julia looks concerned, but says nothing. Later that night, Robin watches the video, crying happy tears, then looks up as she hears a knock on her door – presumably from Pyke.

text: Reception[edit]

text: Reviews of Top of the Lake have been positive, referring to the series as "masterfully made", "beautiful", "mysterious", "riveting", and "a masterpiece".[32][33][34][35][36] It received a score of 86 out of 100 from Metacritic[37] and a score of 93 per cent from Rotten Tomatoes.[38]

text: There were also some less positive reviews. Mike Hale of The New York Times criticized the "elaborately introduced plotlines" and described Tui's disappearance as "less a story element than a metaphor for the kind of armed resistance to male hegemony that constitutes the central idea of Ms Campion’s body of work."[39]

text: Top of the Lake was lauded by feminist critics[40] for its explicit effort to analyse rape culture[41] as well as its radical construction of narratives entirely foregrounding the experiences of single women.[citation needed]

text: Awards and nominations[edit]

text: AACTA Awards[edit]

text:
Year
Category
Nominated artist/work
Result

2014
Best Telefeature, Mini Series or Short Run Series
Emile Sherman, Iain Canning, Jane Campion and Philippa Campbell
Won

Best Direction in a Drama or Comedy
Garth Davis for "The Dark Creator"
Nominated

Best Guest or Supporting Actor in a Television Drama
Peter Mullan
Nominated

Best Guest or Supporting Actress in a Television Drama
Robyn Nevin
Nominated

Best Cinematography in Television
Adam Arkapaw for Episode 5: "The Dark Creator"
Won

Best Sound in Television
Richard Flynn, Tony Vaccher, John Dennison, Craig Butters, Danny Longhurst and Blair Slater, for Episode 5: "The Dark Creator"
Won

Best Original Music Score in Television
Mark Bradshaw, for Episode 5: "The Dark Creator"
Nominated

Best Production Design in Television
Fiona Crombie for Episode 5: "The Dark Creator"
Nominated

Best Costume Design in Television
Emily Seresin for Episode 5: "The Dark Creator"
Nominated

Best Editing in Television
Scott Gray for Episode 5: "The Dark Creator"
Nominated

text: Critics' Choice Television Awards[edit]

text:
Year
Category
Nominated artist/work
Result

2013
Best Movie/Miniseries
—
Nominated

Best Actress in a Movie/Miniseries
Elisabeth Moss
Won

Best Supporting Actor in a Movie/Miniseries
Peter Mullan
Nominated

Best Supporting Actor in a Movie/Miniseries
David Wenham
Nominated

Best Supporting Actor in a Movie/Miniseries
Thomas M. Wright
Nominated

text: Emmy Awards[edit]

text:
Year
Category
Nominated artist/work
Result

2013
Primetime Emmy Awards

Outstanding Miniseries or Movie

Nominated

Outstanding Lead Actress in a Miniseries or Movie
Elisabeth Moss
Nominated

Outstanding Supporting Actor in a Miniseries or Movie
Peter Mullan
Nominated

Outstanding Directing for a Miniseries, Movie, or Dramatic Special
Jane Campion, Garth Davis
Nominated

Outstanding Writing for a Miniseries, Movie, or Dramatic Special
Jane Campion, Gerard Lee
Nominated

Creative Arts Emmy Awards

Outstanding Casting for a Miniseries, Movie, or Special

Nominated

Outstanding Cinematography for a Miniseries or Movie
Episode: "Part 1"
Won

Outstanding Single-Camera Picture Editing for a Miniseries or Movie
Episode: "Part 5"
Nominated

text: Golden Globe Awards[edit]

text:
Year
Category
Nominated artist/work
Result

2014
Best Miniseries or Television Film
—
Nominated

Best Actress – Miniseries or Television Film
Elisabeth Moss
Won

text: Golden Nymph Awards[edit]

text:
Year
Category
Nominated artist/work
Result

2014
Best Miniseries
—
Won

Best Actor — Miniseries
Peter Mullan
Won

Best Actress — Miniseries
Elisabeth Moss
Won

text: Screen Actors Guild Awards[edit]

text:
Year
Category
Nominated artist/work
Result

2014
Outstanding Performance by a Female Actor in a Miniseries or Television Movie
Elisabeth Moss
Nominated

2014
Outstanding Performance by a Female Actor in a Miniseries or Television Movie
Holly Hunter
Nominated

text: New Zealand Film Awards[edit]

text:
Year
Category
Result
Ref

2013
Best Television Feature or Drama Series
Won
[42]

text: Screen Producers Australia Awards[edit]

text:
Year
Category
Result
Ref

2013
Drama Television Production of the Year
Won
[43]

text: Equity Ensemble Awards[edit]

text:
Year
Category
Result
Ref

2013
Outstanding Performance by an Ensemble in a Miniseries or Telemovie
Won
[44]


document_title: Brenda's Got a Baby

question_text: who is the girl in brenda's got a baby

question_tokens: who is the girl in brenda 's got a baby

text: Brenda's Got a Baby

text: Lyrics[edit]

text: The opening consists of a duet singing the song's title twice. Much of the rest of the song is one long verse performed by Tupac.

text: The verse begins with Tupac telling a group that he has heard about Brenda's pregnancy. He also notes that the girl has had virtually no education in her life, and calls this a "damn shame" because she has little hope of a future. Her family is very poor, and her father is a drug addict. Brenda is impregnated by her unnamed boyfriend, who is also her cousin, but she is successfully able to hide her pregnancy. Tupac explains that it would not matter to her family if she gave birth, as long as they got their cut of the government assistance.

text: Although she believes that her cousin (the father of her baby) will stay with her and help her raise their child, he is merely a molester, and abandons her before she gives birth to their baby on the bathroom floor. Brenda disposes of the baby by throwing it in a trash bin but later retrieves it when she hears the baby crying. Her mother scolds her severely, and Brenda becomes so ashamed of herself that she runs away from home.

text: Brenda is now forced to live alone, and unsuccessfully seeks employment. Her attempt to sell crack cocaine results in robbery, and eventually she views prostitution as her only way to earn money and survive. This life path leads to her getting murdered. The fates of the other characters, such as her parents, her cousin, and the baby, are left unexplained. The final minute or so of the song consists of a chorus singing "don't you know she's got a baby" repeatedly.

text: 2Pac has another song which he made late in his career which deals with this same subject called "Mama's Just a Little Girl". The song can be found on his fourth posthumous studio album Better Dayz.

text: Music video[edit]

text: The video of the song is in black-and-white. It was made to visualize what Shakur narrates. The first part shows Shakur and "Brenda" and then the actual story starts. Ethel "Edy" Proctor is the leading lady in the video.

text: The video begins with "based on a true story," although the characters themselves are fictitious, Shakur wrote the song after reading a story in the newspaper of a twelve-year-old girl getting pregnant from her cousin and trying to dispose of the baby in a trash can.

text: Parts of the video were included in Tupac: Resurrection, a 2003 documentary on 2Pac's life, in a television show later in the music video of Ghetto Gospel, in the music video of Changes and appears as a bonus in its entirety on the film's DVD. Part of the video and song was played in 2Pac's biopic film, "All Eyez On Me," released June 16th 2017.

text: The video was directed by the Hughes Brothers.

text: Charts[edit]

text:
Chart (1991)
Peak
position

US Rap Singles (Billboard)[2]
3

US R&B/Hip-Hop Songs (Billboard)[2]
10

US Hot 100 (Billboard)[2]
11


document_title: Tenacious D in The Pick of Destiny

question_text: who plays the devil in pick of destiny

question_tokens: who plays the devil in pick of destiny

text: Tenacious D in The Pick of Destiny

text: Plot[edit]

text: As a young man, JB (Jack Black) leaves his religious family and oppressive Midwestern town for Hollywood on a quest to form the world's most awesome rock band. There he meets acoustic guitarist KG (Kyle Gass), who is performing on the street, and begins worshipping him as a rock god because of his skills and attitude. KG feeds JB's fantasy by pretending to be famous with a self-named band ("The Kyle Gass Project"), and exploits him to do work such as cleaning his apartment and buying him weed (under the promise that JB can audition for his fictitious band.) After JB learns KG is actually unemployed and living off his parents, the two become equal, and KG apologizes to JB by giving him a brand-new guitar. They create their own band: Tenacious D, named for birthmarks found on their buttocks. (JB has a birthmark which says: "Tenac", and KG has a mark which reads: "ious D".)

text: Soon JB and KG learn the deepest secret of rock: all the rock legends used the same guitar pick, The Pick of Destiny, which has supernatural powers. It was created by a dark wizard from a piece of Satan's tooth, as a gift to a blacksmith who saved his life from the great demon. The pick gives its holder unnatural abilities with stringed instruments. Infatuated by the prospect of becoming the next great rock star, JB immediately sets Tenacious D on a quest to steal the Pick of Destiny from a rock history museum. Along the way, the band briefly splits up, when KG decides that sex comes first in "sex, drugs and rock 'n' roll", while JB wants to stick to the mission at hand.

text: But soon, JB and KG come back together when they realize they need each other as friends. The two manage to steal the Pick of Destiny due to incompetent security at the rock museum. Armed with this supernatural pick, they plan to use the winnings from a local bar's talent contest to pay their rent, but before they can go on stage, they argue over who gets to use the pick first, snapping it in half accidentally. After a pep-talk from the bar's owner, they decide they are good enough to go onto the contest without the pick, not knowing that the owner is Satan in human form, looking for his missing tooth piece. Coming back outside (deciding they can both use half of the pick), they are confronted by Satan, who is "complete" when he places the Pick of Destiny back on his broken tooth, giving him the ability to use his supernatural powers on Earth. He threatens to make Tenacious D his first victim.

text: To save their lives, Tenacious D challenge Satan to a "rock-off", which he cannot deny, as the "demon code" strictly forbids him from declining such a challenge. As the bargain goes, if Tenacious D wins, Satan must return to hell on his own and pay their rent. But if Satan wins, he gets to take KG back with him as a sex slave. Ultimately, they lose (KG sings, "That was a masterpiece! / He rocks too hard because he's not a mortal man."), and Satan attempts to shoot KG with a bolt of energy. JB jumps in the way, and the bolt bounces off his guitar, blowing off a piece of Satan's horn. JB is able to send him back to Hell with a magical incantation. (As explained earlier, should Satan become "incomplete", he can be banished from the Earth with said incantation.)

text: The two turn Satan's horn into the "Bong of Destiny" and the movie closes with the two smoking from it as they write new songs.

text: Cast[edit]

text:
Jack Black as Jack "Jables/JB" Black

Troy Gentile as young JB

Kyle Gass as Kyle "Kage/KG" Gass
JR Reed as Lee
Ronnie James Dio as himself
Dave Grohl as Satan
Ben Stiller as Guitar Center Guy
Paul F. Tompkins as Open Mic Host
Tim Robbins as The Stranger
John C. Reilly as Sasquatch
Meat Loaf as Bud Black
Cynthia Ettinger as Betty Black
Andrew Caldwell as Billy Black
Amy Poehler as Truck Stop Waitress
Colin Hanks as Drunk Frat Dude
Amy Adams as Gorgeous Woman
Gregg Turkington as Stand Up Comic (credited as Neil Hamburger)
Evie Peck as KG's Mother
Jason Segel as Frat Boy #1
David Krumholtz as Frat Boy #2
Fred Armisen as Security Guard #1
Ned Bellamy as Security Guard #2
Jay Johnston as Gang Member #1
John Ennis as Gang Member #2
David Koechner as Surplus Store Clerk (deleted scene)

text: Release[edit]

text: Box office[edit]

text: The film performed poorly at the box office, only grossing a total of $8.2 million in the United States. It debuted with a mere $3 million during its opening weekend at number eleven.[2]

text: Jack Black's salary[edit]

text: Jack Black agreed to a paycut from his standard $12 million fee to $1 million that was then split between Black and Kyle Gass.[3]

text: Critical reception[edit]

text: Tenacious D in the Pick of Destiny received mixed reviews from critics with a 54% rating at Rotten Tomatoes, with several commentators impressed by the film's low-brow humor; the site's consensus states, "Tenacious D fan will find this movie hilarious; everybody else will see only a low-brow concept movie and a small assembly of jokes stretched past the 100 minute mark."[4] Michael Phillips criticized the frequency of the drug-use by saying: "This may be the problem. Pot rarely helped anybody's comic timing."[5] Stephen Holden of The New York Times suggested that the film could be viewed as a "jolly rock 'n' roll comedy", but he also described the progression of the film as being a "garish mess."

text: Home video[edit]

text: Tenacious D in The Pick of Destiny was released by New Line Home Video on February 27, 2007 on DVD. A version sold by retail chain Best Buy came with an extra disc with exclusive footage. Wal-Mart customers received a copy of the CD More Rocktastic Music from the Film bundled with the DVD. In Japan there was a box deluxe edition released which came with a t-shirt.

text: A few years after the main release came out, in 2008, the movie was re-released and bundled with Run, Fat Boy, Run and Dumb And Dumber in a three disc set for the United States and Canada whereas for the UK there was a three disc set with Fracture and The Alibi. The Australian re-release featured the movie with Be Kind Rewind in a two disc set as well as another set with the film being bundled with Grandma's Boy.

text: Music[edit]

text: The soundtrack, the band's second studio album, includes vocals by Ronnie James Dio and Meat Loaf. Dave Grohl plays drums on the album, as he did on their first album, Tenacious D (2001). Grohl also contributes his vocals on "Beelzeboss (The Final Showdown)", as Satan. An edited version of the album was also released, replacing all of the profanity with made-up nonsense words.

text: The score by Andrew Gross, John King and Trainwreck, More Rocktastic Music from the Film, was released in limited quantities to Wal-Mart stores. They have made an original soundtrack from the movie also. The score was orchestrated by Richard Bronskill and Tony Blondal, and recorded with a large orchestra and choir at the Sony Scoring Stage, in Culver City, Ca.

text: Legacy[edit]

text: In their 2012 album Rize of the Fenix, Tenacious D reference the film's relative unpopularity with the opening lyrics "When The Pick Of Destiny was released, it was a bomb". The 2012 EP Jazz also references the film, when Jack Black sings, "Who put Beelzeboss into my jazz?"[6]

text: In 2016, ten years after the release of the movie, Tenacious D performed at the Rock am Ring and Rock im Park festivals in June, and at the Bråvalla and Roskilde festivals in July. All shows featured a large Pick of Destiny backdrop during the performance.[7]


document_title: List of Americans by net worth

question_text: who has the most net worth in the us

question_tokens: who has the most net worth in the us

text: List of Americans by net worth

text: United States billionaires list[edit]

text: As of March 2018, according to Forbes, the top 15 billionaires are the following.[3]

text:
Rank
Name
Net worth (USD)
Age
Sources of wealth
Participation in The Giving Pledge

7000100000000000000♠1
Bezos, JeffJeff Bezos
$112 billion
54
Amazon.com
No

7000200000000000000♠2
Gates, BillBill Gates
$90 billion
62
Microsoft, Cascade Investment
Yes (founder)

7000300000000000000♠3
Buffett, WarrenWarren Buffett
$62 billion
87
Berkshire Hathaway
Yes (founder)

7000400000000000000♠4
Zuckerberg, MarkMark Zuckerberg
$71 billion
33
Facebook
Yes

7000500000000000000♠5
Koch, David H.David H. Koch
$60 billion
82
Koch Industries, inherited
No

7000500000000000000♠5
Koch, CharlesCharles Koch
$60 billion
77
Koch Industries, inherited
No

7000700000000000000♠7
Ellison, LarryLarry Ellison
$58.8 billion
73
Oracle Corporation
Yes

7000800000000000000♠8
Bloomberg, MichaelMichael Bloomberg
$50 billion
76
Bloomberg LP
Yes

7000900000000000000♠9
Page, LarryLarry Page
$48.8 billion
44
Alphabet
No

7001100000000000000♠10
Brin, SergeySergey Brin
$47.5 billion
44
Alphabet
No

7001110000000000000♠11
Walton, JimJim Walton
$46.4 billion
69
Walmart, inherited
No

7001120000000000000♠12
Walton, S. RobsonS. Robson Walton
$46.2 billion
73
Walmart, inherited
No

7001130000000000000♠13
Walton, AliceAlice Walton
$46 billion
68
Walmart, inherited
No

7001140000000000000♠14
Adelson, SheldonSheldon Adelson
$38.5 billion
84
Las Vegas Sands Corporation
No

7001150000000000000♠15
Ballmer, SteveSteve Ballmer
$38.4 billion
61
Microsoft
No

text: According to the Bloomberg Billionaires Index, as of March 2018, the rest of the list is as follows:[4]

text:
Americans with a net worth of 10 billion - 40 billion (USD)

Jacqueline Mars
John Mars
Phil Knight
Paul Allen
Thomas Peterffy
Michael Dell
Len Blavatnik
Elon Musk
Carl Icahn
Laurene Powell Jobs
Ron Perelman
Dustin Moskovitz
Donald Bren
Leonard Lauder
Elaine Marshall
Jim Simons
Lukas Walton
Rupert Murdoch
Harold Hamm

Ray Dalio
Eric Schmidt
Charlie Ergen
John Menard Jr.
Steve Schwarzman
George Kaiser
Steve Cohen
Micky Arison
Donald Newhouse
Abby Johnson
Phil Anschutz
Jan Koum
Jim Goodnight
Charles Schwab
Stephen Ross
Carl Cook
David Tepper
Thomas Frist
Gordon Moore

text:
Americans with a net worth of 4 billion - 10 billion (USD)

Dave Duffield
Andy Beal
John Malone
Pierre Omidyar
Blair Parry-Okeden
Jim Kennedy
Patrick Soon-Shiong
Bernie Marcus
Stan Kroenke
Ken Griffin
Sun Hongbin
Dan Gilbert
David Geffen
George Soros
Jeff Hildebrand
Marijke Mars
Victoria Mars
Pamela Mars-Wright
Valerie Mars
Richard LeFrak
Robert Rowling
Diane Hendricks
Les Wexner
Ned Johnson
David Sun
John Tu
Eli Broad
Ingrid Wu
Christy Walton
John Albert Sobrato
Marian Ilitch
John Paulson
George Lucas
Charles Butt
Richard Kinder
Gabe Newell
Ralph Lauren
Reinhold Schmieding
Rich Devos
Ray Hunt
Jim Davis
Brian Acton
Leon Black
Steven Spielberg
Margaretta Taylor
James Chambers
Katharine Rayner
George Roberts
Henry Kravis
Marc Benioff
Jensen Huang
Bob Rich
Randa Duncan Williams

Dannine Avara
Scott Duncan
Milane Duncan Frantz
David Filo
Stan Druckenmiller
Rupert Johnson Jr.
Mark Shoen
Ira Rennert
Lynn Schusterman
Trevor Rees-Jones
Terry Pegula
John Sall
Charles Johnson
Ronda Stryker
Charles Dolan
Jeff Sutton
Nancy Walton Laurie
Leonard Stern
Shahid Khan
David Shaw
Dan Friedkin
Dennis Washington
Whitney MacMillan
Gwendolyn Sontheim Meyer
Pauline MacMillan Keinath
Steve Bechtel
Rocco Commisso
Jude Reyes
Chris Reyes
Igor Olenicoff
Sam Zell
Reed Hastings
Edward Roski
Kelcy Warren
Tom Love
Judy Love
Judy Faulkner
Izzy Englander
Tamara Hughes Gustavson
Mary Malone
Fred Smith
Pat Stryker
Ross Perot
Dagmar Dolby
Clay Mathile
Thomas Pritzker
Woody Johnson
Dick Schulze
Robert Pera
Bob Kraft
Ken Fisher
B Wayne Hughes
Travis Kalanick