document_title: The Lady with the Dog

question_text: when does the lady with the dog take place

text: The Lady with the Dog

text: Plot[edit]

text: Dmitri Gurov works in a Moscow bank. He is under 40, married has a daughter and two sons. Unhappy in his marriage and the monotony and meaninglessness of his life, he is frequently unfaithful and considers women to be of "a lower race". While vacationing in Yalta, he sees a young woman walking along the seafront with her little Pomeranian, and endeavors to make her acquaintance. The lady, Anna Sergeyevna, is also unhappily married and vacationing without her spouse. Anna and Dmitri soon commence an affair, and spend most of their time together, often walking and taking drives to the nearby village of Oreanda. Though she is expecting her husband to come to Yalta, he eventually sends for her to come home, saying that something is wrong with his eyes. Gurov sees her off at the station. As they part, both feel that they would never see each other again, and that their affair is over.

text: Returning to Moscow, to his loveless marriage, and to his daily routine, working by day and clubbing by night, Gurov expects to soon forget young Anna; to his surprise, her memory haunts him. Unexpectedly, he fell deeply in love for the first time in his life, after many affairs and just as he was approaching middle age. He feels that he must see Anna, despite the obvious complications. On the ruse of going to St. Petersburg to take care of some business, he sets off to her town to find her. Learning the location of the family’s residence from a hotel porter, he finds the house, only to realize that it would be futile to intrude. In despair, he rationalizes that Anna has probably forgotten him and found someone else, and heads back to his hotel.

text: In the evening, he remembers having seen a sign earlier in the day announcing the opening performance of The Geisha. Reasoning that Anna and her husband might attend, he goes to the theater. The couple enters and he watches intently. When the husband goes out for a smoke during the first interval, Gurov greets Anna, who is bewildered and runs from him. After following her through the theater, he confronts her and she confides that she has been thinking of him constantly. Frightened, she begs him to leave and promises to come see him in Moscow.

text: She makes excuses to occasionally come to Moscow, telling her husband that she is going there to see a doctor, which he "believes and does not believe". They are both now fully aware that for the first time in their lives they have actually fallen in love, and they both wonder how they might overcome the many challenges that face them and achieve their fervent wish to permanently live together. They desperately try to come up with a plan, but the story ends without offering a resolution:

text: "They . . . talked of how to avoid the necessity for secrecy, for deception, for living in different towns and not seeing each other for long stretches of time. . . . and it was clear to both of them that . . . the most complicated and difficult part of their journey was just beginning."

text: Nabokov wrote about that unconventional ending:

text: "All the traditional rules ... have been broken in this wonderful short story.... no problem, no regular climax, no point at the end. And it is one of the greatest stories ever written."[7]

text: Interpretations and philosophical reflections[edit]

text: The story beautifully captures the quiet desperation of the two protagonists, their dissatisfaction with their meaningless lives and loveless marriages, and their craving for something better. Their deep love for each other fills that void and radically transforms their outlook on life. But that love also breaks their hearts, for, in 19th century Russia, they find it almost impossible to break away and start a new life together.

text: The story can be seen as "Gurov's spiritual journey—his transformation from a connoisseur of women to a man tenderly devoted to a single ordinary woman."[8] The story can also be seen as "playing with the paradox that a lie—a husband deceiving a wife or a wife deceiving a husband—can be the fulcrum of truth of feeling, a vehicle of authenticity."[8]

text: Maxim Gorky, another great Russian writer from a working class background, saw the importance of the story as a wake up call to people "to let go of sleepy, half-dead existence."[7]

text: Robert Fulford[7] offers yet another interpretation of the story:

text: "What Chekhov says in this sophisticated parable is that love radically alters the landscape of existence. When touched by love, we know the world in a different way. Love changes the inner landscape, too. Under the pressure of love, Gurov looks inside himself and sees someone he has not known before, someone capable of feelings that he barely knew existed."

text: Gurov often looks behind his immediate surroundings and reflects on the meaning of our existence. Here for instance is one poetic passage:

text: 'Yalta was hardly visible through the morning mist; white clouds stood motionless on the mountaintops. The leaves did not stir on the trees, crickets chirped, and the monotonous hollow sound of the sea, rising up from below, spoke of the peace, of the eternal sleep awaiting us. So it must have sounded when there was no Yalta, no Oreanda here; so it sounds now; and it will sound as indifferently and monotonously when we are all no more. And in this constancy, in this complete indifference to the life and death of each of us, there lies hid, perhaps, a pledge of our eternal salvation, of the unceasing movement of life upon earth, of unceasing progress towards perfection. Sitting beside a young woman who in the dawn seemed so lovely, soothed and spellbound in these magical surroundings—the sea, mountains, clouds, the wide open sky—Gurov thought how in reality everything is beautiful in this world when one reflects: everything except what we think or do ourselves when we forget our human dignity and the higher aims of our existence."

text: Chekhov poetically describes his vision of what real love could be like:

text: "Anna Sergeyevna and he loved each other like people very close and akin, like husband and wife, like tender friends; it seemed to them that fate itself had meant them for one another, and they could not understand why he had a wife and she a husband; and it was as though they were a pair of birds of passage, caught and forced to live in different cages. They forgave each other for what they were ashamed of in their past, they forgave everything in the present, and felt that this love of theirs had changed them both."

text: Historical background[edit]

text: While living in Yalta in the winter of 1898-99, "Chekhov had also fallen in love with Olga Knipper, the actress whom he would marry in 1901. It is tempting to view the tender relationship of Gurov and Anna in the light of Chekhov's own newfound love."[9]

text: "Like Anna and Dmitry, Olga and Anton had strolled along the promenade and admired the ocean from the vista at Oreanda that summer; like Anna, Olga Knipper had a German last name; and like Anna and Dmitry, Olga and Anton had to live apart."[10] Both Anna and Olga are much younger than their male counterparts.[7]

text: "Just as Chekhov was beginning a relationship with a woman he would soon marry . . . he wrote a story about people who fall in love at the wrong time. . . . Perhaps this thirty-nine year old writer—who had been exiled to his 'warm Siberia' for his health and who would die in less than five years in a German spa with Olga Knipper at his side—perhaps this man also sensed that he had fallen in love too late, and that the most complicated, difficult part was yet to come."[10]

text: Publication history[edit]

text: The story was written in Yalta, where Chekhov had moved on his doctor's advice to take advantage of the warmer climate owing to his advancing tuberculosis. It was first published in the December 1899 issue of the magazine Russkaya Mysl (Russian Thought) with the subtitle "A Story" ("Rasskaz").[11][12] Since then it has been published in numerous collections and languages, and is one of Chekhov's best-known stories.[13] The first English translation appeared in 1903.[14]

text: Adaptations[edit]

text: Rodion Schedrin composed a ballet in one act The Lady with the Lapdog, first performed on 20 November 1985 in Moscow by the Bolshoi Theatre, Alexander Lazarev (cond).

text: A 1960 film version was produced by Josef Heifitz and starred Alexei Batalov and Iya Savvina. It won a Special Prize for "lofty humanism and artistic excellence" at the 1960 Cannes Film Festival.[15]

text: An adaptation of The Lady with the Dog, Dark Eyes (Italian: Oci ciornie; Russian: Очи чёрные; French: Les Yeux noirs) is a 1987 Italian and Russian language film which tells the story of a 19th-century married Italian man who falls in love with a married Russian woman. It stars Marcello Mastroianni, Silvana Mangano, Oleg Tabakov, Yelena Safonova, Pina Cei and Vsevolod Larionov. The film was adapted by Aleksandr Adabashyan, Suso Cecchi d'Amico and Nikita Mikhalkov, "inspired by" stories by Anton Chekhov. It was directed by Mikhalkov. Mastroianni received Best Actor at the Cannes Film Festival[16] and was nominated for the Academy Award for Best Actor.[17]

text: The story has also been adapted for stage; for example, an adaptation by Peter Campbell was featured at the 2002 Chekhov Now Festival in New York.[18] A play titled Sunstroke, directed by Oleg Mirochnikov, combines The Lady with the Dog with Ivan Bunin's Sunstroke. The play was performed in 2013 at the Platform Theatre in London.[19] An opera version titled "The Lady with the Pet Dog" was premiered at Cornell College in Mount Vernon, Iowa in 2010.[20]

text: Joyce Carol Oates wrote a short story adaptation of the story also entitled "The Lady with the Pet Dog" published in 1972. Oates' story is told from Anna's point of view and is set in New York and Nantucket.

text: Brian Friel's play The Yalta Game (2001) is loosely based on this short story by Chekhov.

text: Tony Tanner debuted a musical-comedy version of the story in September, 2016, which he wrote and directed. Titled "The Lady with the Little Dog," it was performed at the Great Hall Courtyard of Plummer Park in West Hollywood, California.

text: Cultural references[edit]

text: In the 2008 film The Reader, the illiterate Hanna (Kate Winslet) first learns to read by listening to an audio recording of the story, which is referred to by her in the movie as The Lady with the Little Dog, read by her former lover Michael (Ralph Fiennes). The short story is also a central theme of the 2014 movie Gurov and Anna.[21]

text: Notes[edit]

text: Jump up ^ On account of the Russian language's lack of articles, the story's title's literal translation is "Lady with Dog", where "Dog" includes a diminutive morpheme.[1] English language translations of the title include "The Lady with a Dog",[2] "The Lady with the Little Dog",[3] "The Lady with the Small Dog",[4] "The Lady with the Pet Dog",[5] "(The) Lady with (the) Lapdog",[1] etc.

tag: ol


document_title: 13 Reasons Why

question_text: who plays mr walker on 13 reasons why

question_tokens: who plays mr walker on 13 reasons why

root

text: 13 Reasons Why

text: Premise[edit]

text: In season one, seventeen year old Clay Jensen returns home from school one day to find a mysterious box on his porch. Inside he discovers seven cassette tapes recorded by Hannah Baker, his deceased classmate and unrequited love, who committed suicide two weeks earlier. On the tapes, Hannah unfolds an intensely emotional audio diary, detailing why she decided to end her life. It appears each person who receives this package of old-style tapes is fundamentally related to why she killed herself. Clay is not the first to receive the tapes, but there is implied detail as to how he should pass the tapes on after hearing them. There appears to be an order to distribution of the tapes, with an additional copy held by an overseer should the plan go awry. Each tape recording refers to a different person involved in Hannah's life contributing to a reason for her suicide. The tapes refer to both friends and enemies.

tag: p

text: In season two, months after Hannah's suicide, Clay and the other people mentioned on the tapes, as well as close friends and Hannah's family members, become embroiled in a civil legal battle between Hannah's parents and Liberty High School. Alleging negligence on the part of the school, Hannah's mother pursues her perception of justice, while her reluctance to settle pre-trial and her personal circumstances eventually break up her marriage with Hannah's father. The story unfolds with narratives illustrating Hannah's story told by those who present in court at trial.

text: Clay, who perceives himself as Hannah's failed protector, embarks on an investigation using whatever evidence he can find in an effort to impact on the civil case between Hannah's parents and the school. Clay also endeavours to expose the corrupted culture of the High School and its favour of wealthy, sports savvy male students over the average student, which especially compromises the integrity of young girls such as Hannah.

text: Throughout season two, Clay appears to be communicating with the ghost of Hannah as a plot narrative device.

text: Cast and characters[edit]

text: Main[edit]

text:
Dylan Minnette as Clay Jensen, a close friend of Hannah who becomes obsessed with finding out what happened to her.[3]
Katherine Langford as Hannah Baker, a teenager whose suicide and recorded audio cassettes spark the events of the series.[3] (seasons 1–2)
Christian Navarro as Tony Padilla, Clay's best friend at Liberty High who tries to help him deal with Hannah's death.[3]
Alisha Boe as Jessica Davis, a student who starts attending Liberty High at the same time as Hannah.[3]
Brandon Flynn as Justin Foley, a student at Liberty High who comes from an abusive family and is in a relationship with Jessica.[3]
Justin Prentice as Bryce Walker, a student from a rich family and the captain of the football team at Liberty High.[3]
Miles Heizer as Alex Standall, a student at Liberty High, the ex-boyfriend of Jessica and a former friend of Hannah.[3]
Ross Butler as Zach Dempsey, a cowardly but kindhearted friend of Justin and Bryce at Liberty High.[3]
Devin Druid as Tyler Down, a bullied student at Liberty High and an avid photographer.[3]
Amy Hargreaves as Lainie Jensen, Clay's attorney mother.[4]
Derek Luke as Kevin Porter, a guidance counselor at Liberty High.[5]
Kate Walsh as Olivia Baker, Hannah's mother, who is determined to uncover the truth about the events leading to her daughter's suicide.[5]
Brian d'Arcy James as Andy Baker, Hannah's father and Olivia's husband.[6] (season 2; recurring season 1)

tag: ul

text: Recurring[edit]

text: Introduced in season one[edit]

text:
Josh Hamilton as Matt Jensen, Clay's father, a psychologist.
Michele Selene Ang as Courtney Crimsen, a closeted student at Liberty High who is responsible for spreading rumors about Hannah to protect the secret of her own sexual orientation. In season 2, she comes out on the stand during the trial of Hannah Baker, confessing her actions against Hannah that landed her on the tapes.
Steven Silver as Marcus Cole, the self-centered student body president at Liberty High, who is responsible for humiliating and attempting to sexually assault Hannah on a date. In season 2, he is suspended from school after lying on the stand during the trial and following the leaked release of the tapes soon after.
Ajiona Alexus as Sheri Holland, a student and cheerleader at Liberty High who forms a bond with Clay but is also on the tapes when her actions result in Jeff's accidental death.
Tommy Dorfman as Ryan Shaver, a student at Liberty High who betrayed Hannah's trust.
Sosie Bacon as Skye Miller, an estranged friend of Clay. In the second season, Skye and Clay date for while before she leaves for a "fresh start", following another self-harm incident which resulted in her bipolar disorder diagnosis.
Timothy Granaderos as Montgomery de la Cruz, a bully who is a student at Liberty High. In season 2, he secretly terrorizes a number of individuals testifying at Hannah Baker's trial.
Brandon Larracuente as Jeff Atkins, a student at Liberty High and friend of Clay, who died in a tragic car accident.
Steven Weber as Gary Bolan, the principal at Liberty High.
Keiko Agena as Pam Bradley, the Communications teacher at Liberty High.
Mark Pellegrino as Deputy Bill Standall, Alex's father, a police officer.
Joseph C. Phillips as Greg Davis, Jessica's father, a member of the Air Force.
Cindy Cheung as Karen Dempsey, Zach's mother.
Henry Zaga as Brad, Tony's boyfriend. In season 2, it is revealed that the couple broke up sometime between the events of season 1 and 2.
Giorgia Whigham as Kat, a friend of Hannah and her former next-door neighbor.
Robert Gant as Todd Crimsen, one of Courtney's fathers.
Wilson Cruz as Dennis Vasquez, the lawyer representing Hannah's parents at the end of season 1 and during season 2.

text: Introduced in season two[edit]

text:
Jake Weber as Barry Walker, Bryce's father.[7]
Brenda Strong as Nora Walker, Bryce's mother.[7]
Meredith Monroe as Carolyn Standall, Alex's mother.[7]
R.J. Brown as Caleb, Tony's boxing trainer and boyfriend.[7]
Anne Winters as Chlöe Rice, a smart, clueless, popular girl at Liberty High and the new head cheerleader who is also Bryce's girlfriend.[8] At the end of season 2, it is revealed that she is pregnant.
Bryce Cass as Cyrus, an edgy, cynical mischief maker who serves as an unexpected champion of the downtrodden. He befriends Tyler and the two together embark on smear campaigns against bullies.[8]
Chelsea Alden as Mackenzie, Cyrus' sister, an artsy and witty girl who is not afraid to speak her mind. In season 2, she briefly develops a relationship with Tyler, though the latter breaks it up.[8]
Allison Miller as Sonya Struhl, a smart and ambitious young litigator, who defends the school during the Hannah Baker trial.[8]
Brandon Butler as Scott Reed, a student at Liberty High who is on the baseball team.[8]
Samantha Logan as Nina Jones, a well-respected track star who befriends Jessica over shared sexual assault pasts.[8]
Kelli O'Hara as Jackie, a passionate advocate for victims of bullying.[8]
Ben Lawson as Rick Wlodimierz, the baseball coach at Liberty High, who supports and protects his players.[8]

text: Episodes[edit]

text: SeasonEpisodesOriginally released113March 31, 2017 (2017-03-31)213May 18, 2018 (2018-05-18)

tag: table

text: Season 1 (2017)[edit]

text:
No.overallNo. inseasonTitleDirected byWritten byOriginal release date11"Tape 1, Side A"Tom McCarthyBrian YorkeyMarch 31, 2017 (2017-03-31)
Clay Jensen finds a box filled with audio cassette tapes anonymously left on his front doorstep. He plays the first in his father's boombox and realizes they have been recorded by his recently deceased classmate Hannah Baker, before he accidentally drops and breaks the boombox when surprised by his mother. Clay steals his friend Tony's Walkman to continue listening. Clay listens to the first tape, in which Hannah begins to relate the experiences that led to her suicide. She starts by sharing the story of her first kiss, with Justin Foley, who goes on to inadvertently spread a salacious rumor that begins the sequence of events leading to her suicide. Clay is revealed, through numerous short flashbacks, to have been in love with Hannah and to have worked with her at the local movie theater. It is revealed in this episode that Hannah has put her friend Tony in charge of the tapes.

Tape subject: Justin Foley, for spreading a racy picture of Hannah along with a sexual rumor about their encounter.
22"Tape 1, Side B"Tom McCarthyBrian YorkeyMarch 31, 2017 (2017-03-31)
Hannah reminisces about her friendship with two other new students: Jessica, who moves frequently because her father is in the Air Force, and Alex, whom they met at a coffee shop. Jessica and Alex eventually begin a relationship and stop spending time with Hannah. When Alex breaks up with Jessica, she very publicly blames Hannah. In the present, Hannah's mother, Olivia, finds a note in her daughter's textbook that leads her to believe Hannah was being bullied. Clay asks Jessica about the tapes, which results in Bryce Walker's circle of peers meeting to discuss how Clay is listening to Hannah's recordings.

Tape subject: Jessica Davis, for mistakenly blaming Hannah for her breakup with Alex.
33"Tape 2, Side A"Helen ShaverDiana SonMarch 31, 2017 (2017-03-31)
As Clay attempts to pursue a romantic relationship with Hannah, her relationships are threatened by a "best/worst list" made by Alex Standall, who has put a "target" on Hannah. In the present, Hannah's mother, Olivia Baker, seeks out the school principal about her suspicion of bullying and makes a disturbing discovery. In the midst of his investigation, Clay turns to Alex for answers, who not only feels regret for his actions on the tapes, but also warns Clay against trusting Tony, whom Clay later sees in a violent exchange with his brothers. As Justin tries to recuperate from his recent slump, Bryce strong-arms Clay and Alex into a drinking contest in an alleyway.

Tape subject: Alex Standall, for listing Hannah's ass as the best in school to make Jessica Davis jealous and for destroying her friendship with Jessica.
44"Tape 2, Side B"Helen ShaverThomas HigginsMarch 31, 2017 (2017-03-31)
Hannah hears someone outside her window, and confesses to her friend, Courtney, that she has a stalker. Courtney offers to help her catch the offender in the act. While waiting for the stalker to arrive, they play an alcohol-fueled game of truth or dare that leads to the two of them kissing on Hannah's bed. The stalker, school photographer Tyler Down, takes a photo of the girls and sends it around the school. This effectively ends Courtney and Hannah's friendship as Courtney distances herself from Hannah to avoid being revealed as one of the people in the photograph. In the present, Clay goes to Hannah's house and talks to her mother, though is unable to admit how close he and Hannah were. He also confronts Tony about the incident with his brothers. Tony responds that "people have to make their own justice" and proves he has an extra set of tapes. Inspired by this, Clay takes a naked picture of Tyler and sends it around the school in revenge.

Tape subject: Tyler Down, for stalking Hannah and spreading the photo of her and Courtney's kiss around the school.
55"Tape 3, Side A"Kyle Patrick AlvarezJulia BicknellMarch 31, 2017 (2017-03-31)
Courtney, afraid of her classmates finding out about her sexuality, spreads a rumor that the girls in the leaked photos are Hannah and Laura, an openly lesbian classmate. Courtney also adds to the rumor about Hannah and Justin, worsening Hannah's poor reputation. In the present, Clay takes Courtney to visit Hannah's grave. She leaves, not ready to face her involvement in the loss of her classmate or be more open about her sexuality. Tony arrives with Clay's bike and gives him a tape with the song he and Hannah danced to at the Winter Formal. Later, Justin, Zach and Alex force Clay into the car with them by stealing his bike and scare him into silence about the tapes by driving over the speed limit. They are pulled over by the police but face no consequences as the officer is revealed to be Alex's father. Clay denies knowing Hannah to his mother, who has been asked to represent the school in the lawsuit the Bakers are bringing.

Tape subject: Courtney Crimsen, for deflecting attention about both her sexuality and the photo Tyler took of her and Hannah by spreading further rumors about Hannah.
66"Tape 3, Side B"Kyle Patrick AlvarezNic SheffMarch 31, 2017 (2017-03-31)
Hannah's date on Valentine's Day with Marcus does not go as planned due to the rumors that she is promiscuous. In the present, Alex gets into a fight with Montgomery and they both must appear before the student honor board. Clay helps Sheri on an assignment, and they nearly hook up, but Sheri reveals she is only there because she is on the tapes and wants Clay to like her despite her role in Hannah's death.

Tape subject: Marcus Cole, for humiliating and attempting to sexually assault Hannah in public on their Dollar Valentine date.
77"Tape 4, Side A"Gregg ArakiElizabeth BenjaminMarch 31, 2017 (2017-03-31)
After Hannah refuses to go out with Zach, he gets revenge by sabotaging her emotionally during a class project. Zach removes compliments from Hannah's box, affecting her self-confidence. In the present, Clay hears Zach's tape and keys his car in an act of revenge, but things turn out to be different than they appeared. Clay is now having both auditory and visual hallucinations of Hannah during the day, including seeing her dead body on the floor of the basketball court during a game and hearing her tape playing over the school's intercom system. He returns the tapes to Tony, unable to continue listening.

Tape subject: Zach Dempsey, for stealing the "positive notes" destined to Hannah in Communications class out of revenge for her rejecting him and his help.
88"Tape 4, Side B"Gregg ArakiKirk MooreMarch 31, 2017 (2017-03-31)
Hannah is touched by poetry recited by fellow student Ryan Shaver, and joins the Evergreen Poetry Club, a place where people write and perform their own poetry, and listen and critique others. Hannah presents some extremely revealing and confessional poetry at the poetry club after Ryan encourages her. Ryan betrays her by publishing the poem without her knowledge or consent in his school magazine. Almost everyone in school finds the poem hilarious, but Clay is both touched and disturbed by it, not realizing Hannah is the author. In the present day, Tony confides to Clay about the night of Hannah's death, and Clay takes back the tapes. Clay later gives the poem to Hannah's mother.

Tape subject: Ryan Shaver, for stealing a poem Hannah wrote detailing her personal problems and publishing it in the school newspaper without her consent.
99"Tape 5, Side A"Carl FranklinHayley TylerMarch 31, 2017 (2017-03-31)
While hiding in Jessica's room during a party, Hannah witnesses Bryce Walker raping an unconscious and intoxicated Jessica. In the present, Marcus warns Clay the worst is yet to come and again attempts to scare him into silence about the tapes, this time by planting drugs in his backpack to get him suspended from school. Clay finally admits to his mother that he and Hannah were close. After getting suspicious legal advice from his mother, he goes to Justin's apartment to retrieve his bike and talk about getting justice for Jessica. Justin finally admits that what happened in the tapes is real, and claims it is better if Jessica does not know the truth.

Tape subject: Justin Foley (and seemingly Hannah Baker herself), for allowing Bryce to rape his girlfriend Jessica.
1010"Tape 5, Side B"Carl FranklinNathan Louis JacksonMarch 31, 2017 (2017-03-31)
After the party, Hannah gets a ride home from her classmate, cheerleader Sheri Holland. They have what appears to be a minor accident, knocking over a stop sign. While Hannah wants to call the police to report it, Sheri refuses to do so, because she is afraid she will get in trouble. While Hannah is on her way to find a phone to call the authorities, the downed stop sign causes a serious accident at that intersection, resulting in the death of Clay's friend Jeff Atkins, which was incorrectly considered a drunk driving accident. When Hannah tries to tell Clay about the stop sign, he pushes her away, thinking she is being unnecessarily dramatic. In the present, Jessica's behavior becomes more erratic. Clay finds out that Sheri is trying to make up for her mistake in her own way, and he tells Jeff's parents that Jeff was sober when he died.

Tape subject: Sheri Holland, for abandoning Hannah after crashing her car into a stop sign, which ultimately caused the death of another student.
1111"Tape 6, Side A"Jessica YuDiana SonMarch 31, 2017 (2017-03-31)
With Tony's support, Clay finally listens to his tape and is overcome with guilt to the point of contemplating his own suicide because he feels he did not do enough to prevent Hannah's death. Tony manages to calm him down. Justin finds out Jessica is at Bryce's home. He confronts her there and admits that Bryce raped her on the night of the party, causing her to break up with him. Olivia Baker finds a list with the names of all the people on the tapes, although she does not know what the list means.

Tape subject: Ostensibly Clay Jensen, for complying with Hannah's request to leave her alone at Jessica's party. However, Hannah is explicit in stating Clay is not included in the list, but is there because he must be, as he is part of the story.
1212"Tape 6, Side B"Jessica YuElizabeth BenjaminMarch 31, 2017 (2017-03-31)
After accidentally losing her parents' store's earnings, a depressed Hannah stumbles upon a party being thrown by Bryce. The night ends in tragedy when she ends up alone with him, and he rapes her in his hot tub. This leads Hannah to create a list of people (the one that her mother found in the previous episode) who she feels were responsible for leading her to her current circumstances, which becomes the inspiration for the creation of the tapes. In the present, everyone on Hannah's list is subpoenaed to testify in the lawsuit between the Bakers and the school. The subjects of the tapes disagree over what to do. Tyler eventually suggests they pin everything on Bryce, but Alex refuses and says they should tell the truth. Sheri turns herself in. Clay goes to Bryce's house, on the pretext of buying marijuana, to confront him about the events of the night he raped Hannah. Clay provokes Bryce to attack him and is badly beaten. However, Clay has been secretly recording their conversation and gets Bryce to admit that he raped Hannah. An unknown teenager with a gunshot wound to the head is treated by paramedics.

Tape subject: Bryce Walker, for raping Hannah in his hot tub.
1313"Tape 7, Side A"Kyle Patrick AlvarezBrian YorkeyMarch 31, 2017 (2017-03-31)
Hannah begins to record the tapes and then visits Mr. Porter to tell him about her rape. Hannah secretly records the conversation, hoping he will help her. When he does not, she heads home and takes her own life. In the present, Clay gives Tony the tape of his conversation with Bryce to copy. He confronts Mr. Porter about meeting with Hannah on her last day. He also hands over the tapes, including the additional tape containing Bryce's confession. Clay tells Porter that he is the subject of the final tape. The depositions begin, Marcus and Courtney deny their involvement in Hannah's death as much as possible. Zach and Jessica admit their mistakes. Before his deposition, Tyler hides ammunition and guns in his room, and then reveals the existence of the tapes during his interview. Alex is revealed to have been the teenager with the gunshot wound; he is in critical condition at the hospital. Justin leaves town out of guilt, but not before telling Bryce about the tapes. Jessica finally tells her father about her rape. At school, Clay reaches out to Skye Miller, his former friend, to avoid repeating the same mistakes he made with Hannah.

Tape subject: Mr. Porter, for not believing Hannah was suicidal and for not giving her proper help.

text: Season 2 (2018)[edit]

text:
No.overallNo. inseasonTitleDirected byWritten byOriginal release date141"The First Polaroid"Gregg ArakiBrian YorkeyMay 18, 2018 (2018-05-18)
Five months after the events of the first season, Hannah's trial moves to court. Tyler is the first to testify in the trial and does so truthfully. Skye and Clay are dating, but Clay starts to hallucinate Hannah. Mr. Porter confronts Bryce in the bathroom about raping Hannah. Jessica returns to school, as does Alex who survived his suicide attempt, but has lost much of his memory from before it, including the contents of Hannah's tapes. Tony is given the note Hannah left him the night she died, and is later seen burning it. Clay finds a Polaroid photograph in his locker, with a note saying "Hannah wasn't the only one".

Testified: Tyler Down, who talks about taking photos of Hannah and attempting to befriend her.
152"Two Girls Kissing"Gregg ArakiThomas HigginsMay 18, 2018 (2018-05-18)
Courtney reveals that she is a lesbian and had feelings for Hannah during her testimony. A group of protesters gather at the court to demand justice for Hannah, but Jessica and Alex are both threatened to avoid revealing anything incriminating when they testify. Skye and Clay fight over her suspicion that Clay is still in love with Hannah, and Skye is hospitalized soon after leaving Clay's house. Meanwhile, Tyler befriends a classmate named Cyrus.

Testified: Courtney Crimsen, who talks about her feelings towards Hannah and their kiss.
163"The Drunk Slut"Karen MoncrieffMarissa Jo CerarMay 18, 2018 (2018-05-18)
Clay, riding home on his bicycle, is hit intentionally by a car, injuring him slightly. He visits Skye in hospital, but she breaks up with him. Clay and Alex try to encourage Jessica to reveal information about Bryce during her testimony, but she fails after seeing incriminating pictures of her stuck to the board in a classroom. Olivia asks her afterwards if she was the girl on the ninth tape, but Jessica does not answer. After discovering Jessica had been contacted by Justin, Clay finds him homeless in Oakland with Tony's help. With no other option, Clay lets Justin stay in his bedroom with him. Skye's parents move her to a psychiatric facility, and tell Clay not to contact her. Tyler meets the rest of Cyrus' friends while Bryce is asked to testify.

Testified: Jessica Davis, who talks about the hot-or-not list and hers and Hannah's friendship.
174"The Second Polaroid"Karen MoncrieffHayley TylerMay 18, 2018 (2018-05-18)
Marcus lies about what happened with Hannah the night they went out on Valentine's Day during his testimony (in order to protect his reputation) and briefly mentions Bryce, angering him. Cyrus and Tyler hear of Marcus' lies and prank him, going to a nearby field afterwards to shoot guns. Clay finds out that Justin has been taking heroin and he and Sheri help him onto the path to sobriety. Jessica shows the threatening note she was left before her testimony to Mr Porter. Alex continues to be frustrated about not being able to remember anything and asks Clay for the tapes, who sends them to him. Jessica and Alex skip school and share a kiss. Clay also finds a second Polaroid photograph in his locker, which shows Bryce having sex with an unconscious girl, alongside a note saying "he won't stop".

Testified: Marcus Cole, who lies about what happened with Hannah the night they went out.
185"The Chalk Machine"Eliza HittmanNic SheffMay 18, 2018 (2018-05-18)
Tyler is confronted by Mr. Porter, who suspects he was behind the pictures of Jessica found in the classroom before her testimony, but he denies involvement. Ryan testifies and talks about Hannah's poems, saying they were written about Justin and that she and Justin maintained contact even after falling out. Afterwards, Olivia invites Ryan to help her decipher Hannah's poems for additional clues, but Ryan soon leaves after Olivia mentions missing pages in Hannah's journal, which Ryan had torn out. Clay realizes the Polaroid photos were taken at school and attempts to find out where. Chlöe meets with Bryce's parents and his mother notices bruises on her. Jessica attends her first group therapy session. Mr. Porter finds a brick thrown through his car window, with a threatening note attached; he later confronts Justin's mother and is arrested after a violent incident with her boyfriend.

Testified: Ryan Shaver, who talks about the poems he wrote with Hannah and who she wrote them about.
196"The Smile at the End of the Dock"Eliza HittmanJulia BicknellMay 18, 2018 (2018-05-18)
Zach testifies and reveals that he and Hannah had a romantic relationship the summer before she died, but they kept it secret. After the testimony, Clay reacts angrily and confronts Zach, ignoring his apologies, while Bryce teases Zach about his relationship, prompting a small fight between them. Justin returns to school and talks to Jessica, but she asks him to leave. He then faints after seeing Bryce, and on his return to Clay's house, has to hide as someone breaks in, at which point Clay's parents find out he has been staying there, but allow it to continue.

Testified: Zach Dempsey, who talks about his relationship with Hannah the summer before she died.
207"The Third Polaroid"Michael MorrisBrian YorkeyMay 18, 2018 (2018-05-18)
During Clay's testimony, he is forced to reveal he and Hannah did drugs at a small party one night and spent the night together, and Clay ignored a comment Hannah made the next morning about wanting to die. Alex's birthday party is derailed after a number of arguments break out. When Clay leaves the birthday party, he finds a Polaroid photograph left on his car, with a note reading "The Clubhouse". After reading comments posted online about his testimony, Clay anonymously uploads Hannah's tapes to the Internet. Meanwhile, Bryce is seen having sex with Chlöe without getting proper consent.

Testified: Clay Jensen, who talks about his friendship with Hannah.
218"The Little Girl"Michael MorrisFelischa MaryeMay 18, 2018 (2018-05-18)
After the release of the tapes, Bryce returns to school to find his locker vandalized and his "confession tape" Clay recorded being shared among students. After Marcus is blackmailed, he calls Bryce a rapist during a speech at a ceremony, in front of a large group of parents and students, in order to protect his own reputation. Clay finally contacts Skye again and meets with her at the psychiatric facility, but she tells him she is moving to a different state. Justin overdoses on heroin, but Alex saves his life - he then returns to his mother's home.

Testified: Andy and Olivia Baker, who talk about Hannah's life and the bullying at Liberty High.
229"The Missing Page"Kat CandlerRohit KumarMay 18, 2018 (2018-05-18)
When testifying, Mr. Porter reveals that since Hannah's death he has come to believe that Hannah was raped by Bryce. He then emotionally apologizes to Hannah's mother for the part he played in her suicide. Justin steals money from his mother's boyfriend, and when confronted by his mother, leaves her some suggesting she leave too in order to escape the relationship. Bryce confronts and threatens Clay under the assumption that it was Clay who blackmailed Marcus into publicly accusing Bryce of rape. Later, Clay is violently beaten at school by four masked students. He is then approached by Cyrus who invites him to join him and Tyler in vandalizing the school that evening, but when he does, he sees a group of students entering a storage shed next to the baseball field, which he correctly guesses is the location of The Clubhouse. He texts Justin and they reconvene. Meanwhile, Olivia contacts a girl, Sarah, and her mother and asks them not to testify.

Testified: Pam Bradley, who talks about the atmosphere at Liberty High, and Kevin Porter, who talks about the day Hannah asked help from him.
2310"Smile, Bitches!"Kat CandlerKirk MooreMay 18, 2018 (2018-05-18)
Tony is asked to testify, but chooses not to reveal that Hannah left him her tapes because he owed her a favor after she helped him evade arrest. During Sarah's testimony, she reveals Hannah was part of a trio of girls who bullied her at another high school. After an argument between Tyler and Mackenzie, his friendship with Cyrus breaks down. Offering marijuana, Sheri tempts some male students into taking her to The Clubhouse, where Bryce takes a picture of her and two other boys on a Polaroid camera, placing the photograph in a box filled with many others. She learns the code to unlock the door and shares it with Clay and Justin. During a baseball game, Zach confronts Bryce, tells him he knows Hannah was not lying, and quits the game. He goes to The Clubhouse to find Clay and Justin there, and hands Clay the box of Polaroid photographs taken in the Clubhouse, confessing that it was him who had given Clay the first three photographs. Clay reviews the photographs at home with Justin and Sheri, and they find a pair of photographs which show Bryce raping Chlöe. Clay also finds a picture of Hannah.

Testified: Sarah, who talks about Hannah bullying her and Tony Padilla, who talks about his friendship with Hannah.
2411"Bryce and Chloe"Jessica YuMarissa Jo Cerar & Thomas HigginsMay 18, 2018 (2018-05-18)
Bryce testifies and says that he and Hannah had a casual sexual relationship, and that she falsely accused him of rape after he brought an end to it. When Bryce returns to school, Justin approaches him and a fight breaks out, which evolves into a mass brawl. Jessica shows Chlöe the two pictures of Bryce and her in The Clubhouse, and Chlöe confesses that she posted the pictures of Jessica in the classroom before she testified. Olivia, her legal team, and Jessica ask Chlöe to testify, and she agrees, but on the stand she testifies that she remembers Bryce having sex with her and remembers consenting. The box of Polaroid photographs taken from The Clubhouse is stolen from Clay's car, and Alex is sent a package containing a gun and a threatening letter. Bryce's mother later asks him whether he was telling the truth in his testimony, and, after being pressed, he confesses to raping Hannah.  Through a series of flashbacks, it is revealed that Bryce wanted a relationship with Hannah and was rejected himself. Clay becomes mentally tormented by hallucinations of Hannah, to the point where he contemplates both murdering Bryce and killing himself.

Testified: Bryce Walker, who lies about raping Hannah, and Chloe Rice, who talks about the clubhouse but also lies about being raped by Bryce.
2512"The Box of Polaroids"Jessica YuHayley Tyler & Brian YorkeyMay 18, 2018 (2018-05-18)
Justin receives a death threat before going to testify, but he tells of Bryce raping Jessica during his testimony nonetheless.  After Alex realizes that Montgomery is responsible for intimidating people during the trial, Alex, Clay, Justin, Tony, Zach, and Scott confront Montgomery and he admits to stealing the box of Polaroid photos. However, after Montgomery takes Alex to a deserted location to retrieve them, he reveals he was lying and escapes. As a result, Jessica is encouraged by her friends to report her case of sexual assault to the police. After the Baker trial concludes and the jury find the school district not responsible for Hannah's death, both Bryce and Justin are arrested outside the courtroom for their involvement in Jessica's rape. Mr. Porter is fired after a performance review, and Tyler is placed on a diversion program after one of his social media posts reveals it was him who vandalized the school.

Testified: Justin Foley, who talks about his relationship with Hannah and confesses about Bryce raping her.
2613"Bye"Kyle Patrick AlvarezBrian YorkeyMay 18, 2018 (2018-05-18)
One month later, after Bryce's sexual assault trial for raping Jessica, Bryce is convicted but sentenced to only three months' probation.  Justin is sentenced to six months' probation and can only be released to one of his parents, neither of whom can be found. This leads to Clay's family adopting him, which Clay reveals to Justin after a funeral service for Hannah. Clay discovers he was included on a list of eleven "reasons why not" Hannah had written before her death. Tyler returns to school, but is savagely beaten and sexually assaulted by Montgomery and two of his friends. It is revealed that Justin is secretly shooting up heroin, and that Nina possesses the box of Polaroids, which she burns. The following night, at a school dance, Jessica and Justin share an intimate encounter, and Chlöe tells Jessica she is pregnant. Tyler arrives at the dance planning to orchestrate a mass school shooting, but Clay learns of his plan and confronts him, encouraging him not to do it. He peacefully disarms Tyler before Tony arrives to drive Tyler away in his car. The episode ends with sirens of the approaching police cars being heard, with Clay holding Tyler's assault rifle in front of the school.

text: Production[edit]

text: Universal Studios purchased film rights to the novel on February 8, 2011, with Selena Gomez cast to play Hannah Baker.[9] On October 29, 2015, it was announced that Netflix would be making a television adaptation of the book with Gomez instead serving as an executive producer.[10][11] Tom McCarthy was hired to direct the first two episodes.[12] The series is produced by Anonymous Content and Paramount Television with Gomez, McCarthy, Joy Gorman, Michael Sugar, Steve Golin, Mandy Teefey, and Kristel Laiblin serving as executive producers.[12]

text: Filming for the show took place in the Northern Californian towns of Vallejo, Benicia, San Rafael, Crockett and Sebastopol during the summer of 2016.[13][14] The 13-episode first season and the special were released on Netflix on March 31, 2017.[15][16]

text: Therapy dogs were present on set for the actors because of the intense and emotional content of the series.[17]

text: On May 7, 2017, it was announced that Netflix had renewed the series for a second season.[18][19] Filming for the second season began on June 12, 2017,[20] but was briefly halted in October in response to the then-ongoing Northern California wildfires happening around the areas where the series was being filmed.[21] Production on the second season wrapped in December 2017.[22] The second season was released on May 18, 2018.[23]

text: On June 6, 2018, Netflix renewed the series for a third season, which is set to be released in 2019.[24]

text: Reception[edit]

text: Audience viewership[edit]

text: The marketing analytics firm Jumpshot determined the first season was the second-most viewed Netflix season in the first 30 days after it premiered, garnering 48% of the viewers that the second season of Daredevil received, which was the most viewed season according to Jumpshot. The series also showed an 18% increase in week-over-week viewership from week one to week two. Jumpshot, which "analyzes click-stream data from an online panel of more than 100 million consumers", looked at the viewing behavior and activity of the company’s U.S. members, factoring in the relative number of U.S. Netflix viewers who watched at least one episode of the season.[25]

text: Critical response[edit]

text: Season 1[edit]

text: The first season has received positive reviews from critics, with much of the praise for the show being aimed at its acting, directing, story, visuals, improvements upon its source material, and mature approach to dark and adult subject matter. The review aggregator website Rotten Tomatoes reported an 80% approval rating with an average rating of 7.2/10, based on 51 reviews. The website's critical consensus reads, "13 Reasons Why complements its bestselling source material with a gripping look at adolescent grief whose narrative maturity belies its YA milieu."[26] Metacritic, which uses a weighted average, assigned a score of 76 out of 100, based on 17 critics, indicating generally favorable reviews.[27]

text: Jesse Schedeen of IGN praised 13 Reasons Why, giving it a 9.2 out of 10, "Amazing", stating that the show is "a very powerful and hard-hitting series" and "ranks among the best high school dramas of the 21st century".[28] Matthew Gilbert of The Boston Globe gave a glowing review for the show, saying, "The drama is sensitive, consistently engaging, and, most importantly, unblinking."[29] Maureen Ryan of Variety asserts that the show "is undoubtedly sincere, but it's also, in many important ways, creatively successful" and called it "simply essential viewing".[30] Leah Greenblatt of Entertainment Weekly gave the entire season a score of B+, calling the show "a frank, authentically affecting portrait of what it feels like to be young, lost and too fragile for the world".[31] Daniel Feinberg of The Hollywood Reporter also praised the show, calling it "an honorably mature piece of young-adult adaptation", and citing its performances, direction, relevance and maturity as some of the show's strongest points.[32]

text: The acting, particularly Katherine Langford as Hannah and Dylan Minnette as Clay, was frequently mentioned and widely lauded in several reviews. Schedeen of IGN praised the cast, particularly Minnette and Langford, stating: "Langford shines in the lead role... [and] embodies that optimism and that profound sadness [of Hannah's] as well. Minnette's Clay is, by design, a much more stoic and reserved character... and does a fine job in what's often a difficult role."[28] Gilbert of The Boston Globe praised the chemistry of Langford and Minnette, saying that "watching these two young actors together is pure pleasure", while Schedeen of IGN also agreed, saying that they are "often at their best together, channeling just the right sort of warm but awkward chemistry you'd expect from two teens who can't quite admit to their feelings for one another". Feinberg of The Hollywood Reporter also praises both actors: "Langford's heartbreaking openness makes you root for a fate you know isn't possible. The actress' performance is full of dynamic range, setting it against Minnette's often more complicated task in differentiating between moods that mostly go from uncomfortable to gloomy to red-eyed, hygiene-starved despair."[32]

text: Ryan of Variety also gave praise to not only the two leads, but also the supporting cast of actors, particularly Kate Walsh's performance as Hannah's mother, which Ryan describes as "career-best work".[30] Positive mentions from various critics, such as Ryan, Feinberg and Schedeen, were also given to the supporting cast of actors (most particularly Alisha Boe, Miles Heizer and Christian Navarro's respective performances of Jessica, Alex and Tony). Liz Shannon Miller of Indiewire, who enjoyed the show and gave it a positive score of B+, gave praise to the racial, gender and complex diversity of its supporting cast of teens.[30][28][32][33]

text: Another aspect frequently mentioned within reviews was the show's mature and emotional approach to its dark and adult subject matter. This was favorably reviewed by critics, such as Miller of Indiewire, particularly her statement that "the adult edges to this story ring with honesty and truth."[33] Miller, and Feinberg of The Hollywood Reporter, also stated that the show can be difficult to watch at times,[32] while Schedeen of IGN states that it is "an often depressing and even uncomfortable show to watch... a pretty emotionally draining experience, particularly towards the end as the pieces really start to fall into place."[28]

text: Numerous critics also praised several other aspects of the show. Feinberg highlighted the show's directors, saying: "A Sundance-friendly gallery of directors including Tom McCarthy, Gregg Araki and Carl Franklin keeps the performances grounded and the extremes from feeling exploitative",[33] while Gilbert of The Boston Globe praised the storytelling: "The storytelling techniques are powerful... [as it] builds on the world established in the previous hour, as we continually encounter new facets of Hannah's life and new characters. The background on the show keeps getting deeper, richer."[29]

text: Conversely, the series has also received criticism over its portrayal of teen angst. Mike Hale of The New York Times wrote a critical review, writing, "the show doesn't make [Hannah's] downward progress convincing. It too often feels artificial, like a very long public service announcement." He also criticized the plot device that has Clay listening to the tapes one by one instead of all in one sitting like the other teens did, which Hale felt was unbelievable: "It makes no sense as anything but a plot device, and you'll find yourself, like Clay's antagonists, yelling at him to listen to the rest of tapes already."[34]

text: Writing for The Guardian, Rebecca Nicholson praised some aspects of the show, including the performances from Minnette and Walsh, but was troubled by much of the plot, writing, "a storyline that suggests the love of a sweet boy might have sorted all this out added to an uneasy feeling that stayed with me". Nicholson was skeptical that the show would appeal to older viewers, unlike other series set in high school such as Freaks and Geeks and My So-Called Life: "It lacks the crossover wit of its forebears... It's too tied up in conveying the message that terrible behaviour can have horrible consequences to deal in any subtleties or shades of feeling. It's largely one-note – and that note is horrifying. 'It has to get better,' implores one student towards the end, but given its fairly open ending, an apparent season two setup, it does not seem as if there's much chance of that happening."[35]

text: Washington Post television critic Hank Stuever wrote a negative review, finding 13 Reasons Why "contrived" and implausible: "There are 13 episodes lasting 13 super-sullen hours – a passive-aggressive, implausibly meandering, poorly written and awkwardly acted effort that is mainly about miscommunication, delivering no more wisdom or insight about depression, bullying and suicide than one of those old ABC Afterschool Specials people now mock for being so corny." He also wrote that he found Hannah's suicide tapes "a protracted example of the teenager who fantasizes how everyone will react when she's gone. The story ... strikes me as remarkably, even dangerously, naive in its understanding of suicide, up to and including a gruesome, penultimate scene of Hannah opening her wrists in a bathtub."[36]

text: David Wiegand of the San Francisco Chronicle gave the series a tepid review, saying that it was plagued by character inconsistencies, particularly Hannah. He praised Langford's "stunning performance" but noted, "There are times when we simply don't believe the characters, when what they do or say isn't consistent with who we've been led to believe they are... At times, [Hannah] is self-possessed and indifferent at best to the behavior of the popular kids. At other times, though, relatively minor misperceived slights seem to send her into an emotional tailspin. No doubt, teenagers embody a constant whirl of conflicting emotions, but the script pushes the bounds of credibility here and there." He noted that overall, the series worked: "The structure is gimmicky and the characters inconsistent, but there are still at least 13 Reasons Why the series is worthy."[37]

text: Season 2[edit]

text: This section needs expansion. You can help by adding to it. (May 2018)

text: The second season received largely mixed to negative reviews from critics, with criticism aimed at the poor execution of its topics; many declared it unnecessary.[38][39] Rotten Tomatoes reports an approval rating of 27% with an average rating of 5.5/10, based on 25 reviews. The site's critical consensus states, "By deviating from its source material, 13 Reasons Why can better explore its tenderly crafted characters; unfortunately, in the process, it loses track of what made the show so gripping in the first place."[40] On Metacritic the season has an average score of 49 out of 100, based on 16 critics, indicating "mixed or average reviews".[41]

text: Catherine Pearson from DigitalSpy wrote a negative review, calling the season "even more problematic" than the first. She ends the review saying that "Unrelenting depression seems to shroud the season, briefly lifted only to collapse back down as the show's thirteenth episode, once again, delivers a deeply disturbing scene of suffering."[42]

text: A scene in which the character Tyler gets viciously attacked and sexually assaulted during the finale also caused controversy from fans and critics of the series, with some describing it as "unnecessary" and "traumatizing".[43] The series' showrunner has defended the scene, saying that it was included in an attempt to "[tell] truthful stories about things that young people go through in as unflinching a way as we can".[44]

text: Social impact[edit]

text: The series has generated controversy over its portrayal of suicide and self-harm, prompting Netflix to add strong advisory warnings prior to the first, twelfth, and thirteenth episodes. School psychologists and educators expressed concern about the series.

text: The superintendent of Palm Beach County, Florida schools reportedly told parents that their schools had seen an increase in suicidal and self-harming behavior from students, and that some of those students "have articulated associations of their at-risk behavior to the 13 Reasons Why Netflix series".[46]

text: The Australian youth mental health service for 12–25 year-olds, Headspace, issued a warning in late April 2017 over the graphic content featured in the series, due to the increased number of calls to the service following the show's release in the country. Netflix however, demonstrably complied with the Australian viewer ratings system, by branding the series as "MA15+" when streamed via its own interface. They accompanied its presentation with additional warnings and viewer advice, and ensured that counselling referrals were included and not easily skipped at the conclusion of each episode, even including an Australian accent in the voice over for those referrals every fifth episode. The "MA15+" rating in Australia requires a guardian to accompany a minor to an Australian cinema to allow admission of those under 18 years of age. "MA15+" also prohibits the admission of anyone under the age of 15, requiring proof-of-age identification.[47][48][49]

text: In response to the graphic nature of the show and New Zealand's high youth suicide rate, which was the highest among the 34[a] OECD countries during 2009 to 2012,[51][52] the Office of Film & Literature Classification in the country created a new rating, "RP18", allowing individuals aged 18 and over to watch the series alone and those below having to watch it with supervision from a parent or guardian.[53][54]

text:
We stayed very true to the book and that's initially what [author] Jay Asher created was a beautifully tragic, complicated yet suspenseful story and I think that's what we wanted to do ... We wanted to do it justice and, yeah, [the backlash is] gonna come no matter what. It's not an easy subject to talk about, but I'm very fortunate with how it's doing.
—Executive producer Selena Gomez, in defense of the controversy surrounding the series[55]

tag: div

text: In April 2017, the National Association of School Psychologists (NASP) in the United States released a statement regarding the series, saying: "Research shows that exposure to another person's suicide, or to graphic or sensationalized accounts of death, can be one of the many risk factors that youth struggling with mental health conditions cite as a reason they contemplate or attempt suicide."[56] NASP sent a letter to school mental health professionals across the country about the series, reportedly a first for NASP in response to a television show.[57] The following month, the United States Society of Clinical Child and Adolescent Psychology (SCCAP) released a statement also noting how strongly the show may serve as a trigger for self-injury among vulnerable youth. They lamented the depiction of mental health professionals as ineffective for youth who have experienced trauma and may have been considering suicide.[58] The statement implored Netflix to add a tag following each episode with mental health resources, and a reminder that depression and suicide can be effectively treated by a qualified mental health professional, such as a clinical child psychologist, using evidence-based practice.

text: Similarly, clinical psychologists such as Daniel J. Reidenberg and Erika Martinez, as well as mental health advocate MollyKate Cline of Teen Vogue magazine, have expressed concerns regarding the risk of suicide contagion.[59][60][61] However, Eric Beeson, a counselor at The Family Institute at Northwestern University noted that "it's unlikely that one show alone could trigger someone to attempt suicide."[56] Mental health professionals have also criticized the series' depiction of suicide itself, much of which violates widely promulgated recommendations for reporting on actual suicides or not depicting them in fiction, in order to not encourage copycat suicides.[62] The season finale, which depicts Hannah's suicide in graphic detail, has been particularly criticized in this regard.[63] Nic Sheff, a writer for the show, has defended it as intended to dispel the myth that suicides "quietly drift off", and recalled how he himself was deterred from a suicide attempt by recalling a survivor's account of how painful and horrifying it was.[64]

text: The NASP statement also criticized the show's suggestion that bullying alone led Hannah to take her life, noting that while it may be a contributing factor, suicidal ideations far more often result from the bullied person having a treatable mental illness without adequate coping mechanisms. Alex Moen, a school counselor in Minneapolis, took issue with the show's entire plotline as "...essentially a fantasy of what someone who is considering suicide might have—that once you commit suicide, you can still communicate with your loved ones, and people will suddenly realize everything that you were going through and the depth of your pain ... That the cute, sensitive boy will fall in love with you and seek justice for you, and you'll be able to orchestrate it, and in so doing kind of still be able to live."[63] Other counselors criticized the depiction of Hannah's attempt to reach out to Mr. Porter as dangerously misleading, since not only does he miss obvious signs of her suicidal ideations, but says he cannot report her sexual assault to the police without her identifying the assailant. School counselors are often portrayed as ineffective or clueless in popular culture, Moen says, but Porter's behavior in the series goes beyond that, to being unethical and possibly illegal. "It's ridiculous! Counselors are not police. We don't have to launch an investigation. We bring whatever information we do have to the police", she told Slate.[63]

text: In May 2017, the Canadian Mental Health Association (CMHA) along with the Centre for Suicide Prevention (CSP) released a statement with similar concerns to the ones raised by NASP. CMHA believed that the series may glamorize suicide, and that some content may lead to distress in viewers, particularly in younger viewers. Furthermore, the portrayal of Hannah's suicide does not follow the media guidelines as set out by the Canadian Association for Suicide Prevention (CASP) and the American Association of Suicidology. CMHA and CASP did praise the show for raising awareness about "...this preventable health concern," adding that, "Raising awareness needs to be done in a safe and responsible manner. A large and growing body of Canadian and international research has found clear links between increases in suicide rates and harmful media portrayals of suicide." Ways in which the portrayals of suicide may cause harm, according to CMHA and CASP, include the following: "They may simplify suicide, such as, by suggesting that bullying alone is the cause; they may make suicide seem romantic, such as, by putting it in the context of a Hollywood plot line; they may portray suicide as a logical or viable option; they may display graphic representations of suicide which may be harmful to viewers, especially young ones; and/or they may advance the false notion that suicides are a way to teach others a lesson."[65][66]

text: One study found the release of 13 Reasons Why corresponded with between 900,000 and 1,500,000 more suicide-related searches in the United States, including a 26% increase in searches for "how to commit suicide," an 18% increase for "commit suicide," and a 9% increase for "how to kill yourself."[67] A review, however, found that it is unclear if searching for information about suicide on the Internet relates to the risk of suicide.[68]

text: Accolades[edit]

text:
Year

Award

Category

Nominee(s)

Result

Ref.

2017

Gold Derby Awards

Breakthrough Performer of the Year

Katherine Langford

Nominated

[69]

2018

Golden Globe Awards

Best Actress – Television Series Drama

Katherine Langford

Nominated

[70]

Guild of Music Supervisors Awards

Best Music Supervision in a Television Drama

Season Kent

Won

[71]

Imagen Awards

Best Actor – Television

Christian Navarro

Pending

[72]

MTV Movie & TV Awards

Best Show

13 Reasons Why

Nominated

[73]

Best Performance in a Show

Katherine Langford

Nominated

NAACP Image Awards

Outstanding Directing in a Drama Series

Carl Franklin for "Tape 5, Side B"

Won

[74]

Satellite Awards

Best Actress in a Drama / Genre Series

Katherine Langford

Nominated

[75]

Best Drama Series

13 Reasons Why

Nominated

Television Academy Honors

Television with a Conscience

13 Reasons Why

Won

[76]

text: Beyond the Reasons[edit]

text: With the release of the first season of the series, Netflix also released 13 Reasons Why: Beyond the Reasons, an aftershow documentary television film. The 29-minute documentary featured cast and crew of the series, and mental health professionals discussing their experiences working on the show and dealing with difficult issues, including bullying, depression and sexual assault. A second Beyond the Reasons special was released with the second season of the series.[77][78][79]

text: Notes[edit]

text: Jump up ^ The 2009–2012 data exclude Latvia, which became the 35th OECD member country on July 1, 2016.[50]


document_title: List of Presidents of the Indian National Congress

question_text: who presided over the congress session in 1905

text: History[edit]

text: During 1885–1933, the presidency had a term of 1 year only. Traditionally, the post rotated between prominent members of the party, successive terms for the same person being frowned upon. During Jawaharlal Nehru's premiership, he rarely held the Presidency of INC, even though he was always head of the Legislative Party.

text: Indira Gandhi however, institutionalized the practice of having the same person as the Congress President and the Prime Minister after the second Congress split of 1978. Her son Rajiv Gandhi continued that practice.

text: Narasimha Rao too held both the Congress President and the Prime Minister's posts. Sitaram Kesri held the post after INC was voted out. But as the INC never returned to power under his leadership, he didn't hold the two posts together.

text: During 2000–09, INC did not host a conference for the first time in history. In 2004, when the INC was voted back into power, Manmohan Singh became the first Prime Minister, not to be the president of the party. Sonia Gandhi is the longest serving president of the Congress party, having held the office byfor nineteen years from 1998 to 2017.[1][2] Her son Rahul Gandhi is the current Congress President.

text: Presidents[edit]

text:
No.

Name of President

Picture

Life span

Year of Presidency

Place of Conference

1

Womesh Chandra Bonnerjee

29 December 1844 – 1906

1885

Bombay

2

Dadabhai Naoroji

4 September 1825 – 1917

1886

Calcutta

3

Badruddin Tyabji

10 October 1844 – 1906

1887

Madras

4

George Yule

1829–1892

1888

Allahabad

5

William Wedderburn

1838–1918

1889

Bombay

6

Pherozeshah Mehta

4 August 1845 – 1915

1890

Calcutta

7

Anandacharlu

August 1843 – 1908

1891

Nagpur

8

Womesh Chandra Bonnerjee

29 December 1844 – 1906

1892

Allahabad

9

Dadabhai Naoroji

4 September 1825 – 1917

1893

Lahore

10

Alfred Webb

1834–1908

1894

Madras

11

Surendranath Banerjee

10 November 1848 – 1925

1895

Poona

12

Rahimtulla M. Sayani

5 April 1847 – 1902

1896

Calcutta

13

C. Sankaran Nair

11 July 1857 – 1934

1897

Amravati

14

Anandamohan Bose

23 September 1847 – 1906

1898

Madras

15

Romesh Chunder Dutt

13 August 1848 – 1909

1899

Lucknow

16

N. G. Chandavarkar

2 December 1855 – 1923

1900

Lahore

17

Dinshaw Edulji Wacha

2 August 1844 – 1936

1901

Calcutta

18

Surendranath Banerjee

10 November 1825 – 1917

1902

Ahmedabad

19

Lalmohan Ghosh

1848–1909

1903

Madras

20

Henry Cotton

1845–1915

1904

Bombay

21

Gopal Krishna Gokhale

9 May 1866 – 1915

1905

Benares

22

Dadabhai Naoroji

4 September 1825 – 1917

1906

Calcutta

23

Rashbihari Ghosh

23 December 1845 – 1921

1907

Surat

24

Rashbihari Ghosh

23 December 1845 – 1921

1908

Madras

25

Madan Mohan Malaviya

25 December 1861 – 1946

1909

Lahore

26

William Wedderburn

1838–1918

1910

Allahabad

27

Bishan Narayan Dar

1864–1916

1911

Calcutta

28

Raghunath Narasinha Mudholkar

1857–1921

1912

Bankipore

29

Nawab Syed Muhammad Bahadur

?–1919

1913

Karachi

30

Bhupendra Nath Bose

1859–1924

1914

Madras

31

Lord Satyendra Prasanna Sinha

March 1863 – 1928

1915

Bombay

32

Ambica Charan Mazumdar

1850–1922

1916

Lucknow

33

Annie Besant

1 October 1847 – 1933

1917

Calcutta

34

Madan Mohan Malaviya

25 December 1861 – 1946

1918

Delhi

35

Syed Hasan Imam

31 August 1871 – 1933

1918

Bombay (Special Session)

36

Motilal Nehru

6 May 1861 – 6 February 1931

1919

Amritsar

37

Lala Lajpat Rai

28 January 1865 – 17 November 1928

1920

Calcutta (Special Session)

38

C. Vijayaraghavachariar

1852 – 19 April 1944

1920

Nagpur

39

Deshbandhu Chittaranjan Das (President)
Hakim Ajmal Khan (Acting President)

1863 – 29 December 1927

1921

Ahmedabad

40

Deshbandhu Chittaranjan Das

5 November 1870 – 16 June 1925

1922

Gaya

41

Mohammad Ali Jouhar

10 December 1878 – 4 January 1931

1923

Kakinada

42

Abul Kalam Azad

1888 – 22 February 1958

1923

Delhi (Special Session)

43

Mohandas Gandhi

2 October 1869 – 30 January 1948

1924

Belgaum

44

Sarojini Naidu

13 February 1879 – 2 March 1949

1925

Kanpur

45

S. Srinivasa Iyengar

September 11, 1874 – 19 May 1941

1926

Gauhati

46

Mukhtar Ahmed Ansari

25 December 1880 – 10 May 1936

1927

Madras

47

Motilal Nehru

6 May 1861 – 6 February 1931

1928

Calcutta

48

Jawaharlal Nehru

14 November 1889 – 27 May 1964

1929 & 30

Lahore

49

Vallabhbhai Patel

31 October 1875 – 15 December 1950

1931

Karachi

50

Madan Mohan Malaviya

25 December 1861 – 1946

1932

Delhi

51

Nellie Sengupta

1886–1973

1933

Calcutta

52

Rajendra Prasad

3 December 1884 – 28 February 1963

1934 & 35

Bombay

53

Jawaharlal Nehru

14 November 1889 – 27 May 1964

1936

Lucknow

54

Jawaharlal Nehru

14 November 1889 – 27 May 1964

1936

Faizpur

55

Subhas Chandra Bose

23 January 1897 – 18 August 1945

1938

Haripura

56

Subhas Chandra Bose (resigned) Rajendra Prasad replaced Bose after the session.

23 January 1897 – 18 August 1945

1939

Tripuri near Jabalpur

57

Abul Kalam Azad

1888 – 22 February 1958

1940–46

Ramgarh

58

J. B. Kripalani

1888 – 19 March 1982

1947

Meerut

59

Pattabhi Sitaraimayya

24 December 1880 – 17 December 1959

1948 & 49

Jaipur

60

Purushottam Das Tandon

1 August 1882 – 1 July 1961

1950

Nasik

61

Jawaharlal Nehru

14 November 1889 – 27 May 1964

1951 & 52

Delhi

62

Jawaharlal Nehru

14 November 1889 – 27 May 1964

1953

Hyderabad

63

Jawaharlal Nehru

14 November 1889 – 27 May 1964

1954

Calcutta

64

U. N. Dhebar

21 September 1905 – 1977

1955

Avadi

65

U. N. Dhebar

21 September 1905 – 1977

1956

Amritsar

66

U. N. Dhebar

21 September 1905 – 1977

1957

Indore

67

U. N. Dhebar

21 September 1905 – 1977

1958

Gauhati

68

U. N. Dhebar

21 September 1905 – 1977

1959

Nagpur

69

Indira Gandhi

19 November 1917 – 31 October 1984

1959

Delhi (Special Session)

70

Neelam Sanjiva Reddy

19 May 1913 – 1 June 1996

1960

Bangalore

71

Neelam Sanjiva Reddy

19 May 1913 – 1 June 1996

1961

Bhavnagar

72

Neelam Sanjiva Reddy

19 May 1913 – 1 June 1996

1962 & 63

Patna

73

K. Kamaraj

15 July 1903 – 2 October 1975

1964

Bhubaneswar

74

K. Kamaraj

15 July 1903 – 2 October 1975

1965

Durgapur

75

K. Kamaraj

15 July 1903 – 2 October 1975

1966 & 67

Jaipur

76

S. Nijalingappa

10 December 1902 – 9 August 2000

1968

Hyderabad

77

S. Nijalingappa

10 December 1902 – 9 August 2000

1969

Faridabad

78

Jagjivan Ram

5 April 1908 – 6 July 1986

1970 & 71

Bombay

79

Shankar Dayal Sharma

19 August 1918 – 26 December 1999

1972–74

Calcutta

80

Devakanta Barua

22 February 1914 – 1996

1975–77

Chandigarh

81

Kasu Brahmananda Reddy

28 July 1909 -1994

1977-1978

82

Indira Gandhi

19 November 1917 – 31 October 1984

1978–83

Delhi

83

Indira Gandhi

19 November 1917 – 31 October 1984

1983 & 84

Calcutta

84

Rajiv Gandhi

20 August 1944 – 21 May 1991

1985–91

Bombay

85

P. V. Narasimha Rao

28 June 1921 – 23 December 2004

1992–96

Tirupati

86

Sitaram Kesri

75px

November 1919 – 24 October 2000

1996–98

Calcutta

87

Sonia Gandhi

9 December 1946

1998–2017

Calcutta

88

Rahul Gandhi

19 June 1970

2017 -Present

Delhi


document_title: List of Minnesota Twins minor league affiliates

question_text: where do the twins minor league teams play

text: Minnesota Twins[edit]

text: The current structure of Minor League Baseball has been in effect since the 1990 season when the Class A level was subdivided for a second time with the creation of Class A-Advanced. The Rookie level consists of domestic and foreign circuits.[3]

text:
Year
Triple-A
Double-A
Class A-Advanced
Class A
Class A Short Season
Rookie League
Foreign Rookie

2020

Cedar Rapids Kernels

2019

Cedar Rapids Kernels

2018
Rochester Red Wings
Chattanooga Lookouts
Fort Myers Miracle
Cedar Rapids Kernels
—
Elizabethton Twins, GCL Twins
DSL Twins

2017
Rochester Red Wings
Chattanooga Lookouts
Fort Myers Miracle
Cedar Rapids Kernels
—
Elizabethton Twins, GCL Twins
DSL Twins

2016
Rochester Red Wings
Chattanooga Lookouts
Fort Myers Miracle
Cedar Rapids Kernels
—
Elizabethton Twins, GCL Twins
DSL Twins

2015
Rochester Red Wings
Chattanooga Lookouts
Fort Myers Miracle
Cedar Rapids Kernels
—
Elizabethton Twins, GCL Twins
DSL Twins

2014
Rochester Red Wings
New Britain Rock Cats
Fort Myers Miracle
Cedar Rapids Kernels
—
Elizabethton Twins, GCL Twins
DSL Twins

2013
Rochester Red Wings
New Britain Rock Cats
Fort Myers Miracle
Cedar Rapids Kernels
—
Elizabethton Twins, GCL Twins
DSL Twins

2012
Rochester Red Wings
New Britain Rock Cats
Fort Myers Miracle
Beloit Snappers
—
Elizabethton Twins, GCL Twins
DSL Twins

2011
Rochester Red Wings
New Britain Rock Cats
Fort Myers Miracle
Beloit Snappers
—
Elizabethton Twins, GCL Twins
DSL Twins

2010
Rochester Red Wings
New Britain Rock Cats
Fort Myers Miracle
Beloit Snappers
—
Elizabethton Twins, GCL Twins
DSL Twins

2009
Rochester Red Wings
New Britain Rock Cats
Fort Myers Miracle
Beloit Snappers
—
Elizabethton Twins, GCL Twins
DSL Twins

2008
Rochester Red Wings
New Britain Rock Cats
Fort Myers Miracle
Beloit Snappers
—
Elizabethton Twins, GCL Twins
DSL Twins

2007
Rochester Red Wings
New Britain Rock Cats
Fort Myers Miracle
Beloit Snappers
—
Elizabethton Twins, GCL Twins
DSL Twins

2006
Rochester Red Wings
New Britain Rock Cats
Fort Myers Miracle
Beloit Snappers
—
Elizabethton Twins, GCL Twins
DSL Twins

2005
Rochester Red Wings
New Britain Rock Cats
Fort Myers Miracle
Beloit Snappers
—
Elizabethton Twins, GCL Twins
DSL Twins

2004
Rochester Red Wings
New Britain Rock Cats
Fort Myers Miracle
Quad Cities River Bandits
—
Elizabethton Twins, GCL Twins
DSL Twins

2003
Rochester Red Wings
New Britain Rock Cats
Fort Myers Miracle
Quad Cities River Bandits
—
Elizabethton Twins, GCL Twins
DSL Twins

2002
Edmonton Trappers
New Britain Rock Cats
Fort Myers Miracle
Quad Cities River Bandits
—
Elizabethton Twins, GCL Twins
DSL Twins

2001
Edmonton Trappers
New Britain Rock Cats
Fort Myers Miracle
Quad Cities River Bandits
—
Elizabethton Twins, GCL Twins
DSL Twins

2000
Salt Lake Buzz
New Britain Rock Cats
Fort Myers Miracle
Quad Cities River Bandits
—
Elizabethton Twins, GCL Twins
—

1999
Salt Lake Buzz
New Britain Rock Cats
Fort Myers Miracle
Quad Cities River Bandits
—
Elizabethton Twins, GCL Twins
DSL Twins/Co-op

1998
Salt Lake Buzz
New Britain Rock Cats
Fort Myers Miracle
Fort Wayne Wizards
—
Elizabethton Twins, GCL Twins
DSL Twins/Co-op

1997
Salt Lake Buzz
New Britain Rock Cats
Fort Myers Miracle
Fort Wayne Wizards
—
Elizabethton Twins, GCL Twins
—

1996
Salt Lake Buzz
Hardware City Rock Cats
Fort Myers Miracle
Fort Wayne Wizards
—
Elizabethton Twins, GCL Twins
—

1995
Salt Lake Buzz
Hardware City Rock Cats
Fort Myers Miracle
Fort Wayne Wizards
—
Elizabethton Twins, GCL Twins
—

1994
Salt Lake Buzz
Nashville Xpress
Fort Myers Miracle
Fort Wayne Wizards
—
Elizabethton Twins, GCL Twins
—

1993
Portland Beavers
Nashville Xpress
Fort Myers Miracle
Fort Wayne Wizards
—
Elizabethton Twins, GCL Twins
—

1992
Portland Beavers
Orlando Sun Rays
Visalia Oaks
Kenosha Twins
—
Elizabethton Twins, GCL Twins
—

1991
Portland Beavers
Orlando Sun Rays
Visalia Oaks
Kenosha Twins
—
Elizabethton Twins, GCL Twins

1990
Portland Beavers
Orlando Sun Rays
Visalia Oaks
Kenosha Twins
—
Elizabethton Twins, GCL Twins
—

text: The foundation of the minors' current structure was the result of a reorganization initiated by Major League Baseball (MLB) before the 1963 season. The reduction from six classes to four (Triple-A, Double-AA, Class A, and Rookie) was a response to the general decline of the minors throughout the 1950s and early-1960s when leagues and teams folded due to shrinking attendance caused by baseball fans' preference for staying at home to watch MLB games on television. The only change made within the next 27 years was Class A being subdivided for the first time to form Class A Short Season in 1966.[3]

text:
Year
Triple-A
Double-A
Class A
Class A Short Season
Rookie League

1989
Portland Beavers
Orlando Twins
Visalia Oaks, Kenosha Twins
—
Elizabethton Twins
GCL Twins

1988
Portland Beavers
Orlando Twins
Visalia Oaks, Kenosha Twins
—
Elizabethton Twins

1987
Portland Beavers
Orlando Twins
Visalia Oaks, Kenosha Twins
—
Elizabethton Twins

1986
Toledo Mud Hens
Orlando Twins
Visalia Oaks, Kenosha Twins
—
Elizabethton Twins

1985
Toledo Mud Hens
Orlando Twins
Visalia Oaks, Kenosha Twins
—
Elizabethton Twins

1984
Toledo Mud Hens
Orlando Twins
Visalia Oaks, Kenosha Twins
—
Elizabethton Twins

1983
Toledo Mud Hens
Orlando Twins
Visalia Oaks, Wisconsin Rapids Twins
—
Elizabethton Twins

1982
Toledo Mud Hens
Orlando Twins
Visalia Oaks, Wisconsin Rapids Twins
—
Elizabethton Twins

1981
Toledo Mud Hens
Orlando Twins
Visalia Oaks, Wisconsin Rapids Twins
—
Elizabethton Twins

1980
Toledo Mud Hens
Orlando Twins
Visalia Oaks, Wisconsin Rapids Twins
—
Elizabethton Twins

1979[4]
Toledo Mud Hens
Orlando Twins
Visalia Oaks, Wisconsin Rapids Twins
—
Elizabethton Twins

1978
Toledo Mud Hens
Orlando Twins
Visalia Oaks, Wisconsin Rapids Twins
—
Elizabethton Twins

1977
Tacoma Twins
Orlando Twins
Visalia Oaks, Wisconsin Rapids Twins
—
Elizabethton Twins

1976
Tacoma Twins
Orlando Twins
Wisconsin Rapids Twins
—
Elizabethton Twins

1975
Tacoma Twins
Orlando Twins
Wisconsin Rapids Twins
—
Elizabethton Twins

1974[5]
Tacoma Twins
Orlando Twins
Lynchburg Twins, Wisconsin Rapids Twins
—
Elizabethton Twins

1973
Tacoma Twins
Orlando Twins
Lynchburg Twins, Wisconsin Rapids Twins
Geneva Twins
—

1972
Tacoma Twins
Charlotte Hornets
Orlando Twins, Lynchburg Twins, Wisconsin Rapids Twins, Charlotte Twins
—
—

1971
Portland Beavers
Charlotte Hornets
Orlando Twins, Lynchburg Twins, Wisconsin Rapids Twins
Auburn Twins
St. Cloud Rox
GCL Twins

1970
Evansville Triplets
Charlotte Hornets
Orlando Twins, Lynchburg Twins, Wisconsin Rapids Twins
Auburn Twins
St. Cloud Rox
GCL Twins

1969
Denver Bears
Charlotte Hornets
Orlando Twins, Red Springs Twins, Wisconsin Rapids Twins
Auburn Twins
St. Cloud Rox
GCL Twins

1968
Denver Bears
Charlotte Hornets
Orlando Twins, Wilson Tobs, Wisconsin Rapids Twins
Auburn Twins
St. Cloud Rox
GCL Twins

1967
Denver Bears
Charlotte Hornets
Orlando Twins, Wilson Tobs, Wisconsin Rapids Twins
Auburn Twins
St. Cloud Rox
GCL Twins

1966
Denver Bears
Charlotte Hornets
Orlando Twins, Wilson Tobs, Wisconsin Rapids Twins, Thomasville Hi-Toms
St. Cloud Rox
GCL Twins

1965[6]
Denver Bears
Charlotte Hornets
Orlando Twins, Wilson Tobs, Wisconsin Rapids Twins, Thomasville Hi-Toms
St. Cloud Rox
—
—

1964
Atlanta Crackers
Charlotte Hornets
Orlando Twins, Wilson Tobs, Wisconsin Rapids Twins, Bismarck-Mandan Pards
—
—

1963[7]
Dallas-Fort Worth Rangers
Charlotte Hornets
Orlando Twins, Wilson Tobs, Erie Sailors, Bismarck-Mandan Pards
—
Wytheville Twins

text: The minors operated with six classes (Triple-A, Double-A, and Classes A, B, C, and D) from 1946 to 1962. The Pacific Coast League (PCL) was reclassified from Triple-A to Open in 1952 due to the possibility of becoming a third major league. This arrangement ended following the 1957 season when the relocation of the National League's Dodgers and Giants to the West Coast killed any chance of the PCL being promoted. The 1963 reorganization resulted in the Eastern and South Atlantic Leagues being elevated from Class A to Double-A, five of seven Class D circuits plus the ones in B and C upgraded to A, and the Appalachian League reclassified from D to Rookie.[3]

text:
Year
Triple-A
Double-A
Class A
Class B
Class C
Class D

1962
Vancouver Mounties
—
Charlotte Hornets
Wilson Tobs
Bismarck-Mandan Pards
Erie Sailors, Wytheville Twins, Fort Walton Beach Jets

1961
Syracuse Chiefs
Nashville Volunteers
Charlotte Hornets
Wilson Tobs
—
Erie Sailors, Wytheville Twins, Fort Walton Beach Jets

text: Washington Senators[edit]

text:
Year
Triple-A
Double-A
Class A
Class B
Class C
Class D

1960
Charleston Senators
—
Charlotte Hornets
Wilson Tobs
—
Erie Sailors
Wytheville Senators
Fort Walton Beach Jets

1959
—
Chattanooga Lookouts
Charlotte Hornets
Fox Cities Foxes
Missoula Timberjacks
Sanford Greyhounds
Lynchburg Senators
Fort Walton Beach Jets

1958
—
Chattanooga Lookouts
Charlotte Hornets
Fox Cities Foxes
Missoula Timberjacks
Gainesville G-Men
Elmira Pioneers
Fort Walton Beach Jets
Superior Senators

1957[8]
—
Chattanooga Lookouts
Charlotte Hornets
Kinston Eagles/Wilson Tobs
Midland/Lamesa Indians
Missoula Timberjacks
Elmira Pioneers
Fort Walton Beach Jets
Superior Senators

1956
Louisville Colonels
Chattanooga Lookouts
Charlotte Hornets
Hobbs Sports
Thibodaux Senators
Fort Walton Beach Jets
Erie Senators
Superior Senators

1955
—
Chattanooga Lookouts
Charlotte Hornets
Hagerstown Packets
Rock Hill Chiefs
—
Orlando C.B.s
Fulton Lookouts
Erie Senators

1954
—
Chattanooga Lookouts
Charlotte Hornets
Hagerstown Packets
Rock Hill Chiefs
Wichita Falls/Sweetwater Spudders
Orlando C.B.s
Fulton Lookouts
Erie Senators

1953
—
Chattanooga Lookouts
Scranton Miners
Charlotte Hornets
—
Orlando Senators
Bluefield Blue-Grays
Fulton Lookouts

1952
—
Chattanooga Lookouts
—
Danville Leafs
Charlotte Hornets
Havana Cubans
Drummondville Cubs
Orlando Senators
Fulton Lookouts
Roanoke Rapids Jays

1951
—
Chattanooga Lookouts
—
Charlotte Hornets
Havana Cubans
Erie Sailors
Orlando Senators
Fulton Railroaders
Roanoke Rapids Jays

1950
—
Chattanooga Lookouts
Augusta Tigers
Charlotte Hornets
Havana Cubans
New Castle Chiefs
Orlando Senators
Fulton Railroaders
Emporia Nationals
Concord Nationals
Wellsville Senators
Rome Red Sox

1949
—
Chattanooga Lookouts
—
Charlotte Hornets
Havana Cubans
Hagerstown Owls
New Castle Nats
Orlando Senators
Fulton Railroaders
Emporia Nationals
Concord Nationals

1948[9]
—
Chattanooga Lookouts
—
Charlotte Hornets
Bridgeport Bees
Gadsden Pilots
Sherman-Denison Twins
Havana Cubans
Henderson Oilers
Orlando Senators
Fulton Chicks
Emporia Nationals
Big Spring Broncs

1947
—
Chattanooga Lookouts
—
Charlotte Hornets
Havana Cubans
Orlando Senators
Kingsport Cherokees
Brewton Millers

1946
—
Chattanooga Lookouts
—
Charlotte Hornets
Pensacola Fliers
—
Orlando Senators
Kingsport Cherokees

1945
—
—
Chattanooga Lookouts
Williamsport Grays
—
—
—

1944
—
—
Chattanooga Lookouts
Williamsport Grays
—
—
—

1943
—
—
Chattanooga Lookouts/Montgomery Rebels
—
—
Kingsport Cherokees

1942
—
—
Chattanooga Lookouts
Charlotte Hornets
—
Newport Canners

1941
—
—
Chattanooga Lookouts
Charlotte Hornets
Greenville Spinners
Selma Cloverleafs
—
Orlando Senators
Thomasville Lookouts

1940
—
—
—
Charlotte Hornets
Greenville Spinners
Selma Cloverleafs
—
Orlando Senators
DeLand Red Hats
Newport Canners
Salisbury Cardinals
Thomasville Tourists
Shelby Colonels

1939
—
—
Springfield Nationals
Charlotte Hornets
Greenville Spinners
Oswego Netherlands
Orlando Senators
Sanford Lookouts
Salisbury Senators
Shelby Nationals
Greensburg Senators
Greenville Greenies

1938
—
—
Trenton Senators
Charlotte Hornets
—
Sanford Lookouts
Salisbury Indians
Americus Cardinals

1937
—
—
Chattanooga Lookouts
Trenton Senators
Charlotte Hornets
Jacksonville Tars
—
Sanford Lookouts
Salisbury Indians

1936
—
Albany Senators
Chattanooga Lookouts
—
Brockville Pirates
Sanford Lookouts

1935
—
Albany Senators
Chattanooga Lookouts
—
—
Panama City Pilots

1934
—
—
Chattanooga Lookouts
—
—
—

1933
—
—
Chattanooga Lookouts
—
Springfield Chicks
—

1932
—
—
Chattanooga Lookouts
—
—
—


document_title: Dog the Bounty Hunter

question_text: when did dog the bounty hunter go off the air

text: Dog the Bounty Hunter

text: Cast[edit]

text:
Name
Seasons

1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8

Duane "Dog" Chapman
Main

Beth Chapman
Main

Leland Chapman
Main

Tim Chapman
Main

"Baby" Lyssa Rae Chapman

Main

Duane Lee Chapman Jr.

Main

Cecily Barmore-Chapman
Main

Justin Bihag
Main

Garry Chapman
Main

Bonnie Chapman
Main

text: The Chapman family[edit]

text:
Duane "Dog" Chapman
Beth Chapman, Dog's wife
Leland Chapman, Dog's son
Tim Chapman, Dog's "brother" not related
"Baby" Lyssa Rae Chapman, Dog's daughter (seasons 2–8)
Duane Lee Chapman Jr., Dog's son (season 2–8)
Cecily Barmore-Chapman, Beth's daughter
Justin Bihag (seasons 1–6), Dog's "nephew" not related
Garry Chapman, Beth's son
Bonnie Chapman, Beth's daughter

text: Supporting cast[edit]

text:
Sonny, bounty hunter
Wesley, office manager
Moon, Beth's best friend, Justin's mother
Richie, bounty hunter
Kaleo, bounty Hunter

text: Production[edit]

text: The program spun off from Chapman's appearance on the show Take This Job, a program about people with unusual occupations.[1] Dog the Bounty Hunter captured an audience immediately by drawing viewers into the interaction of Chapman and his family/team, mixing street smarts, romance, arguments, teamwork, adrenaline-laced arrests and a philosophy of hope and second chances.[1]

text: Viewers are taken along as Chapman and his family/team locate and arrest people who have broken the terms of their bail agreements. Bounty hunts and arrests segue into the rides to jail, during which Chapman and his team show compassion and strongly counsel the fugitives to start over, leaving behind drugs and/or crime to become dependable members of their families and society. Rounding out most episodes are scenes featuring Dog, Beth and their large family of children, grandchildren and friends.

text: As the show progressed, viewers were taken further behind the scenes during Baby Lyssa's training as a licensed bail bondswoman and bounty hunter; Dog's capture of Andrew Luster and the ensuing arrests of Chapman, Tim and Leland in Mexico; the deaths of Beth's father (Garry Smith) and Dog's oldest daughter (Barbara Katie Chapman); Chapman and Beth's 2006 wedding; Baby Lyssa's wedding and the birth of her second child; and the shock and fear of the family after Dog, Tim and Leland were arrested by federal marshals in Hawaii to await possible extradition to Mexico.

text: Chapman and Beth freely invited viewers into their lives, sharing personal stories about Chapman's 1976 imprisonment; his ex-wives and custody battles; While Chapman was serving his sentence, his first wife LaFonda filed for divorce, and married his best friend. Chapman did field work for the prison, in addition to serving as the warden’s barber. When an inmate was attempting to escape, Chapman tackled him, which prevented the escapee from being shot at by guards. This, in addition to Chapman’s overall good behavior, led to him being paroled after only 18 months. Inspired by his tackle, Chapman decided to pursue becoming a bounty hunter once released.[3] Dog was seen in 2016 making an appearance with his wife using a cane, which is surprising for the active bounty hunter we saw for so many years.[4]

text: Season 4 hiatus[edit]

text: Production and airing of the show was halted by A&E on November 2, 2007, after an audio tape was released, featuring Duane Chapman using the word "nigger" repeatedly in a discussion about the word itself with son Tucker regarding Tucker's black girlfriend's probable sensitivity to the word. Tucker had sold the tape to the National Enquirer, and it quickly was picked up by numerous print and broadcast media outlets. This media exposure led Duane to make an apology on CNN's Larry King Live for his lack of sensitivity on the matter, and vowed to educate himself and make amends. On February 19, 2008, A&E announced that the show would return.[5] Reruns of Dog the Bounty Hunter, along with never-before-seen episodes from season 4, began airing on June 25, 2008, and the show continued, along with special episodes about the arrest and fallout from the Luster situation.

text: Season 6 shooting[edit]

text: On April 21, 2009, during filming of Season 6, Chapman was allegedly shot at with a handgun while his crew, along with bail bondsman Bobby Brown, were attempting to arrest a fugitive named Hoang Nguyen in Colorado Springs, Colorado. The suspect escaped on a motorcycle and was captured by Chapman about six hours later. This is contrary to evidence shown in the A&E airing of the episode titled "Easy Rider", on December 16, 2009. According to Chapman's website and TMZ, Nguyen was arrested and charged with attempted murder related to the shooting attempt of Chapman and the Chapman family. On May 15, 2009, the El Paso County, Colorado Assistant District attorney dropped the attempted murder charge against the alleged shooter due to lack of evidence and conflicting statements by Chapman, his son Leland, and bail bondsman Bobby Brown. The prosecutors also state that they have not received the requested video footage from the incident, which was allegedly filmed by the television crew.[citation needed] In March 2011, Nguyen filed a lawsuit against Chapman, Brown, and Chapman's sons Duane Chapman II and Leland Chapman. In the lawsuit, Nguyen claims he lost his job as a result of the incident and had to relocate. He also says he was injured by pepper pellets that were allegedly fired at him. Chapman's attorney, James A. Quadra, told Celebrity Crime Reporter the lawsuit has no basis "in law or fact".[6] The lawsuit was in mediation the first week of March 2011 with a trial date on November 28, 2011.[7]

text: Lawsuit and sons quit[edit]

text: In 2011, Leland and Duane Lee quit working with their father and stepmother and severed ties with their family.[8] The March 21, 2012 episode showed Duane Lee telling Beth "You want me fired, you gotta fire me," and then Leland weighed in, saying "I quit too."[9] In January 2012, the two brothers confirmed leaving the show.[9] Leland now operates his own bail bond company on the Big Island of Hawaii and heads Bounty Hunter Tactical Supply Co.[10] while Duane Lee moved to Florida.[10] Beth tweeted, "It will take 6 weeks to get through the whole thing tonight's jus  [sic] the beginning."[9]

text: In September 2011 Bobby Brown, who appeared in 30 episodes, sued A&E Television Networks, Hybrid Films, and D&D Television Productions in Colorado federal court, claiming he was promised to be a full cast member, but received only $6,000 for his contributions.[11] The lawsuit is for "the misappropriation of his publicity rights as well as claims of breach of contract and promises.[11]

text: Music[edit]

text: Heavy metal artist Ozzy Osbourne sings the show's theme song, "Dog the Bounty Hunter". The song can be heard on Osbourne's Prince of Darkness box set. Many episodes feature at least one song from a band that is either unsigned or with an independent label, usually played during an action scene. These songs are plugged at the end of each episode, following the closing credits. Several episodes in season three and four have music from New York City-based dub reggae group Subatomic Sound System's On All Frequencies album. Featured songs include: "Criminal", "Doin' It", and "Ghetto Champion". Soulja Boy's music video for "Yahhh!" includes an impersonation of "Dog Woof Woof"

text: Series overview[edit]

text: The following summarizes the original broadcast presentation:

text:
Season
Episodes
Originally aired

First aired
Last aired

1
17
August 31, 2004 (2004-08-31)
January 2005 (2005-25)

2
23
April 5, 2005 (2005-04-05)
January 31, 2006 (2006-01-31)

3
27
March 21, 2006 (2006-03-21)
November 28, 2006 (2006-11-28)

4
20
April 10, 2007 (2007-04-10)
October 29, 2008 (2008-10-29)

5
38
February 4, 2009 (2009-02-04)
September 9, 2009 (2009-09-09)

6
24
December 2, 2009 (2009-12-02)
August 11, 2010 (2010-08-11)

7
21
October 6, 2010 (2010-10-06)
April 6, 2011 (2011-04-06)

8
23
January 4, 2012 (2012-01-04)
June 23, 2012 (2012-06-23)

text: All the hour-long episodes were split into two parts for broadcast syndication. Full episodes are shown on streaming sites and DVD.

text: DVD releases[edit]

text: Note that not all episodes have been released on DVD.

text:
DVD name
No.
Release date
Additional information

The Best of Season 1
7
January 25, 2005
Features Dog's episode of Take This Job, cast biographies and promos

The Best of Season 2
7
March 29, 2006
Features cast biographies and a pop-up dog hunting quiz

The Wedding Special
1
December 12, 2006
Features 5 featurettes titled:

The Drama of Dog's Wedding Ring
Dance Lessons
Shopping with Beth
The Bow Wow Vow
A Tribute to Dog & Beth

The Best of Season 3
8
February 27, 2007
Features a photo gallery

The Arrest
1
September 25, 2007

Features additional scenes.
Also Features The Special Double Episode Year of the Dog

The Best of Season 4
8
August 26, 2008

To Seize and Protect (The Best of Season 5)
8
September 8, 2009

Crime is on the Run (The Best of Season 6)
8
July 27, 2010

The Wild Ride Megaset
48
January 11, 2011
8-disc collection of previous releases: The Best of Seasons 1-6, The Wedding Special and The Arrest

This Family Means Business (The Best of Season 7, Part 1)
6
June 28, 2011

Christmas Has Gone to the Dog
2
October 18, 2011
Contains two Christmas-themed episodes, one from Season 3 and the other from Season 6

Taking It to the Streets (The Best of Season 7, Part 2)
4
June 12, 2012

text: Books[edit]

text: The television series led to a 2007 autobiographical book, You Can Run But You Can't Hide, which chronicles Chapman's years before becoming a bounty hunter and some of his more infamous hunts, including the controversial hunt that took him and his team to Mexico to capture serial rapist Andrew Luster. It also delves into his criminal past as well as his family background, imprisonment in Texas, marriages and children.[12][13] A second book, Where Mercy Is Shown, Mercy Is Given, was published in 2009. Its title reflects Chapman's overriding philosophy of second chances, which he writes about at length as he asks the public for a second chance of his own. The book largely deals with the fallout from two factors: the federal marshals' arrest and the scandal over his use of the word "nigger".

text: Parodies[edit]

text: Chapman has been parodied in live action productions:

text:
In Season 3, Episode 13 of Boston Legal, "Dumping Bella", Chapman is referred to by Alan as one of the only two people he truly admires and as such the only candidate besides Shirley herself to be his costume for the party.
In Season 3, Episode 9 of 30 Rock Jenna says "Now Dog the Bounty Hunter is the second grossest guy I've been with."
In Season 2, Episode 4 of The Eric Andre Show A lookalike of Dog is featured in the episode with an impersonator or George Clooney.

text: Chapman has also been parodied in both animation and print:

text:
In the American Dad! episode "Joint Custody", Roger dresses up as Chapman and tries to hunt down Jeff Fischer.
In the Family Guy episode "Something, Something, Something, Dark Side", Stewie calls a bounty hunter meeting and Chapman is briefly seen.
Chapman and the TV show were both parodied on Cartoon Network's television program, Mad, as "Frog the Bounty Hunter".[episode needed]
In the 2006 season South Park episode "Miss Teacher Bangs a Boy", Eric Cartman dressed up as Chapman and had a TV show filmed of himself, Beth and Chapman's familiar crew after he was made a school hall monitor.
In the Nickelodeon TV series The Mighty B!, Bessie's dog Happy dressed up as Chapman and tried to find the person who pulled the fire alarm at the Bee scouts' troophouse.
The song "Dog Catchers" on Insane Clown Posse's The Mighty Death Pop! is a diss to Dog the Bounty Hunter.
The series was parodied in the June 2007 issue of Mad magazine as Dud The Lousy Hunter.
In the Squidbillies episode "Fatal Distraction", Early Cuyler acquires a GPS system for his truck, which he attempts to use to hunt down Osama bin Laden. Cuyler briefly dresses as Chapman to pursue bin Laden before "calling it a night" and going to a strip club.
There's also an obvious parody to the "Dog" character in the Simpsons episode named "Sex, Pies and Idiot Scrapes" where a character named "Wolf, the Bounty Hunter" is hired by Lucky Jim to hunt down Gil Gunderson.
Dog and his show were referred to in a 2015 episode of Last Week Tonight with John Oliver which was satirically critical of the American bail system.