document_title: Honda Super Cub

question_text: when did honda start making fuel injected motorcycles

text: Honda Super Cub

text: Development[edit]

text: The idea for a new 50-cubic-centimetre (3.1 cu in) motorcycle was conceived in 1956, when Honda Motor's Soichiro Honda and Takeo Fujisawa toured Germany and witnessed the popularity of mopeds and lightweight motorcycles.[5] Soichiro Honda was primarily the engineering and production leader of the company, always with an eye towards winning on the racetrack, while his close partner Fujisawa was the man of finance and business, heading up sales and formulating strategies intended to dominate markets and utterly destroy Honda Motor's competitors.[6] Fujisawa had been thinking about a long term expansion strategy, and unlike other Japanese companies, they did not want to simply boost production to cash in on the recent economic boom in Japan. A small, high-performance motorcycle was central to his plans.[5] Upwardly mobile consumers in postwar Europe typically went from a bicycle to a clip-on engine, then bought a scooter, then a bubble car, and then a small car and onwards. Fujisawa saw that a motorcycle did not fit in this pattern for the average person, and he saw an opportunity to change that.[7] Soichiro Honda was at the time tired of listening to Fujisawa talk about his new motorcycle idea; Honda came to Europe to win the Isle of Man TT race and wanted to think about little else.[5]

text: Fujisawa and Honda visited Kreidler and Lambretta showrooms, as well as others, researching the kind of motorcycle Fujisawa had in mind. Fujisawa said these designs had "no future" and would not sell well.[5][8] His concept was a two wheeler for everyman, one that would appeal to both developed and developing countries, urban and rural. The new motorcycle needed to be technologically simple to survive in places without up-to-date know-how and access to advanced tools or reliable spare parts supplies. The common consumer complaints of noise, poor reliability, especially in the electrics, and general difficulty of use would have to be addressed. Because Honda was a large company growing larger, it needed a mass-appeal product that could be produced on an enormous scale.[7] The design had to be sorted out before production began, because it would be too costly to fix problems in the vast numbers that were to be manufactured. The scooter type nearly fitted the bill, but was too complex for developing countries to maintain, and the small wheels did poorly on badly maintained or nonexistent roads.[7][9] Another of Fujisawa's requirements was that it could be ridden with one hand while carrying a tray of soba noodles, saying to Honda, "If you can design a small motorcycle, say 50 cc with a cover to hide the engine and hoses and wires inside, I can sell it. I don't know how many soba noodle shops there are in Japan, but I bet you that every shop will want one for deliveries."[8][9][10]

text: Once interested, Soichiro Honda began developing the Super Cub on his return to Japan. The following year Honda displayed a mockup to Fujisawa that finally matched what he had in mind, Fujisawa declaring the annual sales would be 30,000 per month, half again as many as the entire monthly two-wheeler market in Japan. His goal was to export motorcycles on a scale yet unseen in the economic disorder of postwar Japan, when most companies' halting trade efforts were handled through foreign trading companies. Honda would have to establish its own overseas subsidiary to provide the necessary service and spare parts distribution in a large country like the United States. To this end American Honda Motor Company was founded in 1959.[5] In 1961 a sales network was established in Germany, then in Belgium and the UK in 1962, and then France in 1964.[6]

text: The Honda Juno had been the first scooter to use polyester resin, or fiberglass reinforced plastic (FRP), bodywork, and even though production of the Juno had stopped in 1954 as a result of Honda Motor's financial and labor problems at the time, Fujisawa continued to encourage research in polyester resin casting techniques, and these efforts bore fruit for the Super Cub.[5] The new motorcycle's fairing would be polyethylene, the most widely used plastic, which reduced weight over FRP, but Honda's supplier had never made such a large die cast before, so the die had to be provided by Honda.[9] The Super Cub was the first motorcycle ever to use a plastic fairing.[11] Motorcycling historian Clement Salvadori wrote that the plastic front fender and leg shields were, "perhaps the Cub's greatest contribution; plastic did the job just as well as metal at considerably lower cost."[12] The technology developed in the Isle of Man TT racing program was equally vital to the new lightweight motorcycle, making possible 3.4 kilowatts (4.5 hp) from a 50 cc four-stroke Honda engine, where the first engine the company built a decade earlier, a "fairly exact copy" of the 50 cc two stroke war-surplus Tohatsu engine Honda had been selling as motorized bicycle auxiliary engine, had only a 0.37–0.75 kilowatts (0.5–1 hp) output.[5][6] Honda's first four stroke, the 1951 E-type, had just a little more power than the Super Cub, 3.7 kilowatts (5 bhp), with nearly triple the displacement, 146 cc (8.9 cu in).[6]

text: To make the new motorcycle, Honda built a new ¥10 billion factory in Suzuka, Mie to manufacture 30,000, and with two shifts, 50,000, Super Cubs per month.[5][13] The factory was modeled on the Volkswagen Beetle production line in Wolfsburg, Germany.[13] Until then, Honda's top models had sold only 2,000 to 3,000 per month, and observers thought the cost of the new plant too risky an expenditure.[5] Edward Turner of BSA went to Japan to see the motorcycle industry in September 1960, and said that investments the size of the Suzuka plant were "extremely dangerous" because the US motorcycle market was already saturated.[13] When completed in 1960, the Suzuka Factory was the largest motorcycle factory in the world, and was a model for Honda's mass production facilities of the future.[5] The economies of scale achieved at Suzuka cut 18% from the cost of producing each Super Cub when Suzuka could be run at full capacity,[13] but in the short term Honda faced excess inventory problems when the new factory went into operation before the full sales and distribution network was in place.[5]

text: Design[edit]

text: The Super Cub has been compared to the Ford Model T, Volkswagen Beetle and the Jeep as an icon of 20th century industry and transport.[14][5][15] The C100 used a pressed steel monocoque chassis, with the horizontal engine placed below the central spine, a configuration now called the 'step through' or 'underbone' motorcycle. By some criteria, the type of motorcycle the Super Cub falls into is difficult to classify, landing somewhere between a scooter and a motorcycle,[11] and sometimes it was called a moped, "step-thru", or scooterette.[6][16][17]

text: The plastic fairing ran from below the handlebars and under the footpegs, protecting the rider's legs from wind and road debris, as well as hiding the engine from view. This design was like the full enclosure of a scooter, but unlike a scooter the engine and gearbox unit was not fixed to the rear axle. This had several benefits. It moved the engine down and away from the seat, detaching the rear swingarm motion from the drivetrain for lower unsprung weight. It also made engine cooling air flow more direct, and made it possible to fit larger wheels.[6] Placing the engine in the center of the frame, rather than close to the rear wheel, greatly improved front-rear balance.[7] The fuel tank was located under the hinged seat, which opened to reveal the fuel filler inlet. The 17 inch wheels, in comparison to the typical 10 inch wheels of a scooter, were more stable, particularly on rough roads, and psychologically made the motorcycle more familiar, having an appearance closer to a bicycle than a small-wheel scooter.[6]

text: The pushrod overhead valve (OHV) air-cooled four stroke single cylinder engine had a 40-by-39-millimetre (1.6 in × 1.5 in) bore × stroke, displacing 49 cubic centimetres (3.0 cu in), and could produce 3.4 kilowatts (4.5 hp) at 9,500 rpm, for maximum speed of 69 km/h (43 mph), under favorable conditions. The low compression ratio meant the engine could consume inexpensive and commonly available low octane fuel, as well as minimizing the effort to kick start the engine, making the extra weight and expense of an electric starter an unnecessary creature comfort.[18] Though some of the many Super Cub variations came with both kick and electric start, the majority sold well without it. Even the latest 2011 model year Japanese domestic market (JDM) Super Cub 50 and Super Cub 110 versions, with modern technology and conveniences like fuel injection and a fuel gauge, were not offered with an electric start option.[19][20]

text: The sequential shifting three speed gearbox was manually shifted, but clutchless, without the need for a clutch lever control, using instead a centrifugal clutch along with a plate clutch slaved to the footchange lever to engage and disengage the gearbox from the engine. While not intuitive to learn, once the rider got used to it, the semi-automatic transmission, "took the terror out of motorcycling" for novice riders.[18] Unlike many scooter CVTs, the centrifugal clutch made it possible to push start the Super Cub, a useful advantage if the need arose.[7]

text: The early Super Cubs used a 6 volt ignition magneto mounted on the flywheel, with a battery to help maintain power to the lights, while later ones were upgraded to capacitor discharge ignition (CDI) systems. The lubrication system did not use an oil pump or oil filter, but was a primitive splash-fed system for both the crankcase and gearbox, with a non-consumable screen strainer to collect debris in the engine oil. Both the front and rear brakes were drums. On both the front and rear wheels were 2.25" × 17" wire spoke wheels,[18][21] with full-width hubs.[6]

text: Honda recommended daily checks of the lights, horn, tire pressure, brakes, fuel and oil level, and a weekly check of the battery electrolyte level. The new engine break-in maintenance was done at 320 kilometres (200 mi), requiring adjustment of the valve tappets and contact breaker points, and an oil change, and the rider was advised to stay under 48 kilometres per hour (30 mph) for the first 800 kilometres (500 mi). Every 1,600 kilometres (1,000 mi) the spark plug needed cleaning, and the chain adjustment checked, and every 3,200 kilometres (2,000 mi) an oil change, breaker point check, and valve adjustment was due. At 8,000 kilometres (5,000 mi), major maintenance was due, requiring the removal and cleaning of the carburetor, drive chain, exhaust silencer, and wheel bearings.[21] The rider closed a manual choke to aid in starting at cold temperatures.[21] By the standards of the day, this was a simple motorcycle, with minimal maintenance demands, and it earned a reputation for high reliability.[12][18]

text: You meet the nicest people on a Honda[edit]

text: In June 1963 in US media,[22] Honda began the 12-year-long advertising campaign "You meet the nicest people on a Honda", created by Grey Advertising.[23] Grey had bought the idea from a UCLA undergraduate student, who had created the concept for a class assignment.[24] The event marked the beginning of the decline of domestic and British motorcycle brands in the US market, and the rise of Honda and the other Japanese companies.[25][26][27] In December 1965, Edward Turner said the sale of small Japanese motorcycles was good for BSA, by attracting new riders who would graduate to larger machines, not anticipating that the Japanese would advance over the next 5 years to directly threaten British bikes with technically sophisticated models such as the Honda CB750, and the Kawasaki Z1.[28][13] As a case study in business and marketing, the campaign is still remembered half a century later, with one strategic management textbook saying, "Honda and the Supercub is probably the best known and most debated case in business strategy."[29][30] It was credited with having "invented the concept of lifestyle marketing."[14]

text: Specific elements of the Super Cub's design were integral to the campaign, such as the enclosed chain that kept chain lubricant from being flung on the rider's clothing, and the leg shield that similarly blocked road debris and hid the engine, and the convenience of the semi-automatic transmission. Presenting the Super Cub as a consumer appliance[11] not requiring mechanical aptitude and an identity change into "a motorcyclist", or worse, "a biker", differentiated Honda's offering, because, "the dedication required to maintain bikes of that era limited ownership to a relatively small demographic, often regarded as young men known for their black leather jackets and snarling demeanors."[31]

text: Rather than remaining limited to trying to convince traditional downmarket male buyers to switch to Honda from other brands with the macho approach of most motorcycle advertising at the time, Honda broke new ground. The ad campaign sought to improve the image of motorcycling in general and expand the overall size of the motorcycle market by attracting new riders.[27][31] In a stroke of good fortune for Honda, Brian Wilson and Mike Love composed the 1964 song "Little Honda", extolling the joys of riding the Honda 50, and even inviting the listener to visit their local Honda dealership, in language that sounded as if it could have been written, or at least paid for, by Honda's advertising copywriters, yet it was not a commercial jingle.[14] The song was released by The Hondells in 1964, followed by the release of the original recording by The Beach Boys.[14] In 1965 The Hondells released "You Meet the Nicest People on a Honda", another song promoting the Super Cub, which was actually used in Honda's TV spots, as a B side to their version of "Sea Cruise."[32]

text: The long-running campaign, including the slogan, the music, and the upbeat images of respectable, middle and upper-class people, particularly women, riding Hondas became closely associated with the Honda brand ever since.[33][25] The image Honda created was contrasted with the one percenter "bad boy" biker and became a focal point of Japan bashing boosterism of US-made Harley-Davidson motorcycles.[26][34]

text: Aside from Harley-Davidson fans, the company itself had a more conflicted reaction to the successful Honda "You meet the nicest people" campaign. At first they were offended at the suggestion that Harley-Davidson riders were not "nice people." Harley-Davidson had, since its founding in 1903, scrupulously cultivated an image of staid respectability, and would not begin to tentatively embrace the "outlaw" demographic of their customer base for at least another ten years. In 1964 they denied any association with one-percenter bikers, and so distanced themselves from the implications of Honda's campaign. But they also "tried to have it both ways", and soon joined Vespa and Yamaha in producing ads that were "suspiciously similar" to "You meet the nicest people."[29][35] Whether they were being offended by or imitating Honda, at the time Harley-Davidson did not share the interpretation that Honda's advertisements, "added to the macho Harley image."[36]

text: Model history[edit]

text:
Production history

Annual Super Cub production from 1958 through 2008, the year cumulative production passed the 60 million units milestone.[37]

Timeline of production locations

1958 Yamato Plant, Japan
1959 Hamamatsu Factory, Japan
1960 Suzuka Factory, Japan
1961 Taiwan
1963 Belgium
1966 Bangladesh
1967 Thailand
1969 Malaysia
1971 Indonesia
1973 Philippines
1980 Mauritius
1981 Colombia
1981 Nigeria
1985 India
1988 Mexico
1989 Brazil
1991 Kumamoto Factory, Japan
1997 Vietnam
2002 China
2004 Laos
2005 Cambodia
2006 Argentina
2007 Peru

Sites no longer making Super Cubs in gray[38]

text: The Honda Super Cub debuted in 1958, ten years after the establishment of Honda Motor Co. Ltd. The original 1952 Honda Cub F had been a clip-on bicycle engine. Honda kept the name but added the prefix 'Super' for the all-new lightweight machine.[7] The Super Cub sold poorly at first, owing mainly to the recession in Japan, and then three months after the 1958 launch, when customer complaints began rolling in about slipping clutches.[8] Honda salesmen and factory workers gave up holidays to repair the affected Super Cubs, visiting each customer in person.[8] When it was imported to the US, the name was changed to Honda 50, and later Honda Passport C70, and C90, because the Piper Super Cub airplane trademark had precedence.[31] Similarly, in Britain they were only badged 'Honda 50', 'Honda 90' etc. as the Triumph Tiger Cub preceded.

text: The Society of Automotive Engineers of Japan (in Japanese), included the 1958 Honda Super Cub C100 as one of their 240 Landmarks of Japanese Automotive Technology.[1]

text: Super Cub line[edit]

text: The first Super Cub variation was the C102, launched in April 1960.[7]:39, 188 The C102 had electric start in addition to kick starting, and battery & coil ignition instead of magneto, but was otherwise the same as the C100.[7]:39

text: The enlarged 86.7 cc (5.29 cu in) OHV engine of the 1963 C200 was used on the 1965 CM90 step-through. New in 1965 was a 63 cc (3.8 cu in) engine with a chain-driven overhead camshaft (OHC). This was used in two new models: the C65, a step-through with 4.1 kW (5.5 bhp), and the S65, with a frame like the C110/C200 and 4.6 kW (6.2 bhp) @ 10,000 rpm.[7]

text: In 1966 the C50 appeared and remained in production through the mid 80s, becoming one of the most widespread and familiar versions of the Super Cub.[7]:48–49, 188–189 Honda replaced the C100's 40 mm × 39 mm (1.6 in × 1.5 in) 50 cc OHV engine with the 39 mm × 41.4 mm (1.54 in × 1.63 in) OHC alloy head and iron cylinder engine from the CS50 and C65, which increased power from 3.4 to 3.6 kW (4.5 to 4.8 bhp).[7]:48–49, 188–189 Similarly the CM90 was replaced in 1966 with the 89.5 cc (5.46 cu in) 5.6 kW (7.5 bhp) OHC CM91, which a year later on 1967, got restyled forks and headlamp like the C50, to become the familiar C90. Though the basic design of Cub remained unchanged, new styling and improvements included enclosed front forks. The C100 stayed in production alongside the newer versions one more year, until 1967.[7]:188–189 After 1980 the USA C70 was called the C70 Passport.[7]

text: In 1982, for most markets, Honda fitted a new capacitor discharge ignition (CDI) system to replace the earlier contact points ignition, thereby helping to meet emission standards in markets such as the US. At the same time the electrical system was changed from 6 volt to 12 volt.

text: In 1984, Honda released restyled versions of the Cubs on some markets, with square lamps and plastic-covered handlebars and rear mudguard. On the domestic Japanese market the square style was optional, but in some places such as the UK they replaced imports of the traditionally styled round lamp Cub.

text: In 1986, a larger 100 cc HA05E engine model was introduced especially for Asian markets. The newer 100 cc model was developed exclusively for Southeast Asian market, especially in Thailand, Malaysia and Vietnam, where underbones were very popular, with new features such as a telescopic front suspension to replace the older leading link suspension, and a four-speed transmission to replace the older three-speed transmission used in older Cub variants. The 100 cc model was initially known as the Honda Dream in Thailand and Honda EX5 in Malaysia, before being standardised as the Honda EX5 Dream in 2003. In addition, Honda Japan began importing the made-in-Thailand Dream as the Super Cub C100EX in 1988.[39] The Japanese C100EX was later being facelifted in 1993, while the Southeast Asian EX5 Dream retains the 1986 design until the present day, with only minor cosmetic changes.[40] In 2011, the carbureted EX5 Dream was phased out in Thailand and being replaced with the fuel-injected Honda Dream 110i, with the powertrain being derived from the fuel-injected Honda Wave 110i.[41]

text: In the late 1990s, Honda introduced their newer NF series motorcycles, known as Honda Wave series, called the Honda Innova in some markets, which use steel tube frames, front disc brake and plastic cover sets in various displacement options: 100 cc, 110 cc and 125 cc. Though not Cubs, these bikes sold consistently well particularly in European countries, where the production of Honda Cub models had been previously discontinued. However, the production of Honda Cubs in Asia, Africa and South America still continues today, even though the newer Honda Wave Series and other designs have been introduced alongside the Cub.

text: In 2007, Honda began installing their PGM-FI fuel injection system for the Honda Cubs in the Japanese market for lower smog-forming emission.[37]

text: Sports Cub[edit]

text: The C110 Sports Cub debuted in October 1960.[7]:188 The C110 was more like a traditional motorcycle that the rider had to straddle, not a step-through. It had a different frame, with the fuel tank in the on top of the frame and in front of the seat, and the frame's steel tube spine ran horizontally from the head tube to the seat. It also had a bit more power, increased from 3.4 to 3.7 kW (4.5 to 5 bhp) @ 9,500 rpm. Sub-variants of the Sports Cub were the C111, absent the pillion seat, and C110D, also called C114, which had a low exhaust pipe. Early versions of the Sport Cub had a 3 speed gearbox but later this was changed to 4 speed.[7] The C102 stayed in production for six model years, through 1965, and the C110 Sports Cub through 1966.[7]

text: In 1963 came an enlarged OHV engine of 86.7 cc (5.29 cu in) and 4.8 kW (6.5 bhp). It was used first in the C200, which had a frame like the C110, with more upright handlebars.[7]

text: The S65's last year of production was 1967, and the CD65 and CL65 took its place for only one year, 1968. These had the higher-revving 4.6 kW (6.2 bhp) 63 cc (3.8 cu in) engine of the CS65. Then the 4.6 kW (6.2 bhp) 71.8 cc (4.38 cu in) C70 replaced the C65 and CL65 in 1969. It had the same peak horsepower, but at 9,000 rpm instead of 10,000, and more torque, 0.53 kg·m (5.2 N·m; 3.8 lbf·ft) at 7,000 rpm instead of 0.48 kg·m (4.7 N·m; 3.5 lbf·ft) at 8,000 rpm. It was introduced in the USA, Canada and Asia at launch and in the UK in 1972.[7]

text: Mini bikes[edit]

text: In 1960 the CZ100 arrived,[7]:39 using the same engine in a much smaller frame with only 5" wheels. First of the Honda Z series, the CZ100 was meant only as a short-distance novelty or paddock bike, but instead found popularity in the monkey bike niche.[7]:39–40

text: Trail[edit]

text: An on- and off-road version of the Super Cub, what today would be classed as a dual-sport motorcycle but called a trail bike at the time, the CA100T Trail 50, came out in 1961.[14]:46 Jack McCormack, the first national sales manager of American Honda Motor Company, said the Trail 50, and even more so the later Honda CB77, was the result of Honda's willingness to listen to and respond customer demand.[14]:34–60 "When you talk about Japanese manufacturers, their strength (besides the quality of their equipment) was that they listened to the marketplace. People always suggest that it was about Japanese management, but, to be frank, I was never impressed with Japanese management. They did what no other motorcycle make did—they listened."[14]:47

text: In 1960, McCormack noticed that one Honda dealer in Boise, Idaho was selling more Honda 50s than the combined total of all six dealers in Los Angeles. He found out that the Idaho dealer, Herb Uhl,† was selling the CA100s as a trail bike by adding knobby tires for off-road traction and a "cheater sprocket,"[14]:34–60 that is, increasing the final drive ratio by using a larger rear sprocket with more teeth, which increased the effective torque of the rear wheel, trading off lower top speed as a result. Uhl said the advantages of light weight and the automatic clutch allowed unskilled riders to enjoy off-road riding, in comparison to traditional big trail bikes that could be difficult to handle.[14]:34–60 McCormack shipped a version of Uhl's customized CA100 to Japan and requested Honda put it into production, and by March 1961 the Trail 50 was available to US dealers.[14]:34–60 Cycle World praised the simple pleasure of trail riding on the new bike, and it was a US sales success.[14]:34–60

text: Specifications[edit]

text:
C100[7]
C102[7]
C50[7]
C70[7]
C90[7]
C100EX[39]
Super Cub
50[19]
Super Cub
110[20]
Dream
110i[42]

Model
years
1958–1967
1960–1965
1966–1980+
1969–1980+
1966–1980+
1986–
2007–
2009 –
2011 –

Notes

Electric start

Passport in US
EX5 Dream in Thailand and Malaysia
PGM-FI

Engine
49 cc (3.0 cu in) OHV air-cooled single
49.5 cc (3.02 cu in)
71.8 cc (4.38 cu in)
89.5 cc (5.46 cu in) OHC
97 cc (5.9 cu in) OHC
49 cc (3.0 cu in) OHC
109.1 cc (6.66 cu in) OHC

Bore x stroke
40 mm × 39 mm (1.6 in × 1.5 in)
39 mm × 41.4 mm (1.54 in × 1.63 in)
47 mm × 41.4 mm (1.85 in × 1.63 in)
50 mm × 45.6 mm (1.97 in × 1.80 in)
50 mm × 49.5 mm (1.97 in × 1.95 in)
39.0 mm × 41.4 mm (1.54 in × 1.63 in)
50 mm × 55.6 mm (1.97 in × 2.19 in)

Compression
8.5:1
8.8:1*
8.2:1
8.8:1
10:1
9.0:1

Top speed
69 km/h (43 mph)[18]

110.00 km/h (68.35 mph)[18]

Power
3.4 kW (4.5 bhp) @9500 rpm
3.6 kW (4.8 bhp) @ 10000 rpm
4.5 kW (6 bhp) @ 9000
5.6 kW (7.5 bhp) @ 9500 rpm
5.9 kW (8.0 PS) @ 8000 rpm
2.5 kW (3.4 hp) @ 7000 rpm
6.0 kW (8.0 hp) @ 7500 rpm

Torque
0.33 kg·m (3.2 N·m; 2.4 lbf·ft) @8500 rpm

0.53 kg·m (5.2 N·m; 3.8 lbf·ft) @ 7000 rpm
0.67 kg·m (6.6 N·m; 4.8 lbf·ft) @ 6000 rpm
0.83 kg·m (8.1 N·m; 6.0 lbf·ft) @ 6000 rpm
3.8 N·m (2.8 lbf·ft) @ 5000 rpm
8.4 N·m (6.2 lbf·ft) @ 5500 rpm

Ignition
Flywheel magneto
Coil
Magneto
CDI

Transmission
3 speed wet centrifugal clutch semi-automatic
3 spd.
4 spd.
3 spd.
4 spd.

Frame
Pressed steel underbone

Suspension
Front: leading link 56 mm (2.2 in) travel, rear: swingarm 61 mm (2.4 in) travel
Telescopic fork, swingarm
Front: leading link 56 mm (2.2 in) travel, rear: swingarm 61 mm (2.4 in) travel
Telescopic fork, swingarm

Brakes
Front & rear 110 mm (4.3 in) drum

Tires
(front/rear)
2.25" x 17"/2.25" x 17"
2.25×17"/
2.5×17"
2.5×17"/
2.5×17"
2.25×17"/
2.5×17"
2.25×17"/
2.75×14"
2.25×17"/
2.50×17"
70/90-17 M/C 38P
80/90-17 M/C 50P

Rake, trail

71 mm (2.8 in)

26° 30', 75 mm (3.0 in)
26°, 47 mm (1.9 in)

26° 30', 75 mm (3.0 in)

Wheelbase
1,180 mm (46.5 in)
1,180 mm (46.6 in)
46.7 in (1,185 mm)
1,190 mm (46.9 in)
1,185 mm (46.7 in)

1,212 mm (47.7 in)

Length
1,780 mm (70.1 in)
1,810 mm (71.2 in)
1,800 mm (70.7 in)
1,800 mm (72 in)
1,835 mm (72.2 in)
1,775 mm (69.9 in)
1,830 mm (72 in)
1,915 mm (75.4 in)

Width
570 mm (22.6 in)
640 mm (25.2 in)
670 mm (26 in)
660 mm (26 in)
710 mm (28 in)
696 mm (27.4 in)

Height
610 mm (24 in)

760 mm (29.9 in)

1,035 mm (40.7 in)
960 mm (38 in)
1,040 mm (41 in)
1,052 mm (41.4 in)

Seat
height

760 mm (30 in)
705 mm (27.8 in)
735 mm (28.9 in)
745 mm (29.3 in)

Dry
weight
65 kg (143 lb)
70 kg (154 lb)
69 kg (152 lb)
72 kg (158 lb)
85 kg (187 lb)
93 kg (205 lb)
79 kg (174 lb)
93 kg (205 lb)
99 kg (218 lb)

Fuel
capacity
3 L (0.66 imp gal; 0.79 US gal)
3 L (0.66 imp gal; 0.79 US gal)
3 L (0.66 imp gal; 0.79 US gal)
4.8 L (1.1 imp gal; 1.3 US gal)

3.6 L (0.79 imp gal; 0.95 US gal)
3.4 L (0.75 imp gal; 0.90 US gal)
4.3 L (0.95 imp gal; 1.1 US gal)
4.2 L (0.92 imp gal; 1.1 US gal)

text: Current popularity[edit]

text: Sales for Super Cubs have increased in Japan[37] with upgrades to the engine and the installation of fuel injection for Japanese domestic market models starting from 2007, making it more powerful, more economical and cleaner. With respect to newer, plastic body underbone designs, such as the Wave, the original Cub remains popular.

text: Cycle World magazine's Peter Egan and Steve Kimball entered a stock Honda C70 Passport in the 1981 Craig Vetter Fuel Economy Challenge, competing against specially designed high-mileage two wheelers built by teams of engineering students, and an entry from American Honda. The course was a 65-mile (105 km) loop near San Luis Obispo that had to be completed in 1 hour and 40 minutes, give or take 10 minutes, meaning an average speed of 35 mph (56 km/h). Kimball, riding the Passport, won the event through skillful and error-free riding, with 198 miles per US gallon (1.19 L/100 km; 238 mpg‑imp).[43][44]

text: In Vietnam, Super Cubs are the predominant model of motorcycle taxi, so that "Honda" has become a genericized trademark or metonymy, equivalent to "xe ôm" referring to any motorcycle taxi.[45] In the English speaking world as well, "Honda" was often a synonym for "motorcycle" as a result of the ubiquity of the Super Cub.[7][46][47]

text: The Super Cub was included in The Guggenheim's 1998 The Art of the Motorcycle exhibition.[12] In 2006, on the Discovery Channel's The Greatest Ever series, an episode on motorcycles placed the 1958 49 cc Super Cub in first place.[48] James May, a co-presenter on the popular television series Top Gear, bought a Honda Super Cub for the 2008 Season 12 Vietnam special.[49] Author Roland Brown wrote that, "of all the brilliant bikes Honda have built — the CB750 superbike, Mike Hailwood's six-cylinder racers, the mighty Gold Wing, you name them — the most important of all is the C100 Super Cub of 1958."[6]

text: In 2014, the Super Cub became the first vehicle in Japan to be granted a three-dimensional trademark.[50]

text: Licensed models[edit]

text:
Symba 100

Manufacturer
SYM Motors

Also called
Symba 110

Assembly
Taiwan

Engine
101.4 cc (6.19 cu in) air cooled four stroke OHV single

Compression ratio
9.6:1

Top speed
90 km/h (56 mph) (claimed)[51]

Power
4.8 kW (6.5 hp) at 8500 rpm[51]

Torque
6.8 N·m (5 lb·ft) at 8500 rpm[51]

Transmission
Wet multi-plate clutch, 4 speed semi-automatic

Frame type
Pressed steel underbone

Suspension
Front: telescopic fork, rear: swingarm

Brakes
Front: 130 mm (5.1 in), rear: 110 mm (4.3 in)

Tires
Front and rear: 2.50-17"

Wheelbase
1,225 mm (48.22 in)

Dimensions
L: 1,900 mm (75 in)
W: 690 mm (27 in)
H: 1,000 mm (41 in)

Seat height
760 mm (29.9 in)

Weight
95 kg (209 lb) (claimed)[51] (wet)

Fuel capacity
1.08 US gal (4.1 l; 0.90 imp gal)

text: Chongqing Guangyu Motorcycle Manufacture Co, of China, known as Kamax, has a line of motorcycles based on the Super Cub Design, licensed from Honda, including the EEC Super Cub. This Super Cub 'remake' was developed solely for the European market in cooperation with Super Motor Company. Super Motor Company which is the sole European distributor of the EEC Super Cub sells 3 different variations; the Super 25, the Super 50 and the Super 100. Flyscooters imported a Yinxiang Super Cub variant to the US, under the name Fly Scout. Similarly, China Jialing Industrial Co., Ltd. has ten models based on Honda's Super Cub design, including the JL50Q-2 and JL90-1 which are faithful to the original 1958 styling, as well as several more modern restylings.[52] Lifan Group exports a version to the UK, the 97 cc (5.9 cu in) LF100, which features telescopic forks, a four speed gearbox and a digital gear indicator.[53]

text: SYM Motors of Taiwan licensed the Super Cub design as the Symba 100, previously called the Symba 110, which they exported to the US. While keeping the basic design, SYM increased the size of the front brake from 110 to 130 mm (4.3 to 5.1 in), and added an LED fuel gauge. Instead of leading link front forks, it uses telescopic forks. The Symba engine has a carbureted 101.4 cc (6.19 cu in) single claimed to produce 6.5 hp (4.8 kW) at 8500 rpm, with a four speed gearbox using a centrifugal clutch semi-automatic transmission.[54]

text: EV-Cub[edit]

text: At the 2009 Tokyo Motor Show, Honda presented the EV-Cub concept vehicle, an electric motorcycle patterned after the venerable Super Cub, featuring two-wheel drive by means of electric motors mounted in the hubs of each of the wheels.[55] Honda said they felt keeping the 1958 layout for their 21st century concept bike made sense because, "the human body has not changed in the past 50 years," and, "the size, shape and position of all the Super Cub parts had a kind of necessity to them, and that the design of the Super Cub was very rational and rider-centric."[56] The additional space created by the absence of the engine in the center of the frame and the lack of a gas tank created room for underseat helmet storage, typical of a scooter.[55][56][57] Integrated with the new electric motorcycle was an interactive communications system, to let riders converse while riding.[58] Several other companies, including Christini, KTM, Öhlins, and Yamaha have done development on two-wheel drive motorcycles, and have found that the addition of power to the front as well as the rear wheel aids in stability, particularly in corners and in the hands of novice riders.[55][59] At the time Honda hinted that they would bring the EV-Cub to market in 2010.[55] In a 2016 speech, Honda's President and CEO Takahiro Hachigo said they planned to release the EV Cub in Japan in about two years, followed later in other ASEAN markets.[60]


document_title: Phoebe Nicholson

question_text: where did phoebe go in home and away

question_tokens: where did phoebe go in home and away

root

text: Phoebe Nicholson

text: Casting[edit]

text: On 24 November 2013, Meg Drewett from Digital Spy reported that actress Isabella Giovinazzo had joined the cast of Home and Away as new character Phoebe Nicholson.[1] Giovinazzo successfully auditioned for the role in Sydney, where the show is filmed.[2] Giovinazzo had to sing in front of actor Nic Westaway during the audition, before they were paired together to do some slow-dancing.[3] Giovinazzo relocated to Sydney from Melbourne.[4] She spent five months on the set filming, before her casting was announced. She admitted to having difficultly keeping her new role a secret, saying "I wasn't able to really tell anyone back home about it or why I moved (to Sydney). But it's nice now being able to share exactly why I disappeared for a few months."[5]

tag: p

text: The part marks Giovinazzo's first acting job, following a career in film making.[1][2] Of joining Home and Away, Giovinazzo stated "It's been a lot of fun. I'm still figuring out what to do. Phoebe's been a really great person to start with. Just developing her character and rounding this woman has been wonderful and I've got a lot to play with because she's a little bit kooky."[1] Giovinazzo admitted that she was nervous ahead of filming her first scene in front of hundreds of extras.[2] Actress Jessica Grace Smith also auditioned for the role of Phoebe. She was later cast as Denny Miller.[6] In October 2014, Giovinazzo admitted that she was attending acting classes to help her with emotional scenes, after she had difficulty acting out Phoebe's vulnerable moments.[4]

text: Development[edit]

text: Introduction and characterisation[edit]

text:
“
Phoebe is a bright, attractive and boundlessly energetic young woman who arrives in the Bay (without announcement or preamble) when she hears that Kyle Braxton (who she knew as Kyle Bennett) is putting together a music festival.[7]
”

— An excerpt from Phoebe's profile on the official Home and Away website.

tag: table

text: Phoebe was introduced in the 2013 finale, as the ex-girlfriend of Kyle Braxton (Nic Westaway).[8] She is a singer and songwriter, who grew up with Kyle in Melbourne and was "brokenhearted" when he moved away.[1] Phoebe came to Summer Bay after learning Kyle was staging a music festival in the area.[9] Giovinazzo explained that the festival gave Phoebe an opportunity to see Kyle for the first time since he left her. She wanted to see if there was anything still between them as they had a long-term relationship that was important to them both.[10] Giovinazzo said, "Kyle and Phoebe know each other inside out. They just click together."[8] Phoebe offered to help Kyle and Tamara Kingsley (Kelly Paterniti) plan the event and perform with the band.[9] During Phoebe's performance, Kyle joined her on stage for a duet, which made Tamara jealous.[9] Phoebe also caught Chris Harrington's (Johnny Ruffo) attention.[8]

text: Ahead of her arrival, Giovinazzo called Phoebe a positive person, who liked to have fun.[11] She explained, "she's a blast. She's this sort of blend of blunt, cool-cat, serious kid and a burst of erratic energy."[11] Giovinazzo later branded the character "impulsive" and "mischievous" and said she had a feistiness about her.[2][8] While the official website dubbed her "strong and focussed", adding that if she wants something she will go after it.[7] Giovinazzo agreed, saying that Phoebe likes getting what she wants.[8] Giovinazzo enjoys portraying Phoebe's fun side, as it gives her a chance to see "joy in everything".[2] She also admitted to sharing some similarities with her character; they were both born in Melbourne and they like music. But Giovinazzo said that she was not "an avid musician" like Phoebe.[11] Giovinazzo added that unlike Phoebe, she was not a trained singer and she just sang when she was told to.[8]

text: The actress stated that she shared a lot of similarities with Phoebe, including her positive, outgoing and creative sides.[12] Giovinazzo also said Phoebe was "very outspoken and very adventurous".[12] In March 2016, Giovinazzo told Colin Vickery of news.com.au that due to everything Phoebe had gone through during her time in the Bay, she had changed and had become more grown up. Giovinazzo commented, "she has moved on from wanting to be a pop star and she is teaching now."[13]

text: Relationship with Kyle Braxton[edit]

text: Westaway was pleased that his character would be embarking on a new relationship, after being involved in a love triangle with Tamara and his brother Casey (Lincoln Younes).[8] Westaway commented that Phoebe and Kyle had a strong connection while they lived in Melbourne and noted that there was "still a real spark" between them.[14] He thought they would have to get on the same page, as Phoebe made Kyle question who he wanted to be.[14] Series producer Lucy Addario believed Phoebe would bring out a different side to "the brooding" Kyle and mix up life in the Braxton world.[15] Addario agreed with Westaway's assessment of Kyle and Phoebe's relationship, saying they would have to work out some issues from their past, but they would "quickly reignite the spark they shared."[15] She added that the couple "sizzle" on-screen.[15]

text: When Phoebe became disturbed by Kyle's "dark side" and his involvement with various Braxton dramas, she wanted him to tell her how he turned into such a violent person.[14] Kyle opened up to her about how he kidnapped Casey and tried to kill him and Tamara, which left Phoebe scared.[14] While Kyle felt like he had put that incident behind him with the help of his brothers, Phoebe did not understand.[16] She then told Kyle that she was moving back to Melbourne and that she wanted him to come with her, believing that if he was away from his family he would like his old self again.[16] Westaway told an Inside Soap reporter that Kyle wanted to be with Phoebe, as she brought out his passionate side which he missed. Phoebe reminded him of how he used to be.[14] Kyle and Phoebe declared their love for each other, but Phoebe admitted that she no longer wanted to be around his brothers.[14]

text: After Phoebe decided to stay in Summer Bay with Kyle, her father Mark Nicholson (Steve Rodgers) came to meet him.[17] Westaway explained that Kyle could see how much it meant to Phoebe that they got along. The meeting went well, until Mark learned some interesting information about Kyle and changed his outlook "pretty quickly".[17] Westaway hoped it would not cause a rift between Kyle and Phoebe, as she was a good influence on him.[17] Mark later offered Kyle a bribe to stop dating his daughter, but Kyle refused to take the money, insisting that it was an insult as Phoebe was worth more. Mark then upped his offer to $100,000, but Kyle refused the money again.[18] In a bid to keep Phoebe away from the Braxtons, Mark then reported the family for "dodgy dealings" to the police. After the police came away empty handed, someone fired a gun into the house, almost hitting Darryl Braxton (Steve Peacocke) and Ricky Sharpe (Bonnie Sveen).[19] Peacocke commented that Brax was aware that Mark had connections to the underworld and wanted to keep Phoebe away from Kyle.[19]

text: After the shooting, Kyle was worried about Phoebe's safety and got her to leave the Bay for a few days.[20] Westaway commented "He's very protective of Phoebe."[20] After realising that she did not want to live in fear, Phoebe returned to be by Kyle's side.[20] Shortly after someone broke into the house and Kyle was attacked.[20] After he recovered, Kyle spotted his attacker with Phoebe's father and realised that Mark was behind the attempt on his life.[21] Kyle tried to keep the truth from Phoebe, but after she found out he was forced to apologise. Phoebe then threatened to go to the police about her father, but Kyle and Casey talked her out of it.[22]

text: When Kyle displayed his aggressive side again, Phoebe was left worrying about the future of their relationship.[23] After Kyle refused to take a day off work to write music with her, Phoebe used her manipulative streak to start "pushing Kyle's buttons".[23] She asked Matt Page (Alec Snow) to listen to her song at the restaurant and then invited him to her place to write with her, which infuriated Kyle.[23] A TV Soap writer observed, "Kyle's rage stuns Phoebe and is her first hint that there might be something fundamentally wrong with their relationship."[23] Kyle was surprised that Phoebe asked Matt to be her song writing partner simply because he had to work. Ignoring her concerns about Kyle, Phoebe asked Matt if she could post their song on her website, but when he insulted her work Kyle got physically aggressive with Matt.[23] A frightened Phoebe sought comfort and advice from Denny Miller (Jessica Grace Smith). Kyle later apologised to Phoebe and she apologised for trying to manipulate him but she was still "rattled" by Kyle's display of anger.[23] She told him that if he could not deal with his issues, they would not have a future together.[23]

text: When Kyle developed a serious throat injury, he was told he could not sing anymore. Phoebe then decided that she too would not sing, until Kyle was better. said it was Phoebe's way of letting Kyle know they were in it together.[24] When Kyle organised an after party for the Bay's Colour run, he chose Matt to be the musical entertainment, however after Matt failed to turn up, Kyle convinced Phoebe to take his place.[25] Giovinazzo commented that the festive spirit also persuaded Phoebe to change her mind and once she began singing, she was "in her element".[26] Kyle then proposed to Phoebe on the balcony at Angelo's in front of everyone.[26] Phoebe was in "total disbelief" as Kyle knew that she was not keen on marriage and settling down. She turned his proposal down and left the balcony.[26] Phoebe then spent the night at Ricky's and she and Kyle argued.[26] When asked if there was any hope of salvaging their romance, Giovinazzo told an Inside Soap columnist "Phoebe would like to try, because she's not ready to give up on their relationship. But I don't think she truly understands the 'in it for the long haul' sentiment just yet – in any respect!"[26]

text: Music career[edit]

text: In November 2014, Jolene Anderson joined the cast as Neive Devlin, a record producer who comes to the Bay to see Phoebe perform, after hearing her music on her website.[27] Anderson commented, "Nieve is on the prowl for up and coming young things and Phoebe is one of them."[27] Nieve loved Phoebe's "rock chick" attitude and told her that she would be "music's next big thing", which caused tension between Phoebe and Kyle.[27] After attending a recording session in the city, Phoebe returned to the Bay with a new wardrobe and a more pop sound. Westaway said Kyle was very wary of what was happening to Phoebe and the avenue she was going down.[28] Unlike Phoebe, Kyle did not trust Neive and believed that she did not have Phoebe's best interests at heart. He also did not like the contract she offered Phoebe, as it gave her very little control over her career.[28] Westaway added that Kyle's biggest concern was that Phoebe was selling out. However, Brax sided with Phoebe, claiming the recording contract was a "once-in-a-lifetime opportunity" and she would be foolish to turn it down.[28]

text: Neive later arranged an industry launch night in the city for Phoebe.[29] However, Phoebe was "blissfully" unaware that Neive was planning something more sinister for her, as she was focused on her potential music career.[29] While Phoebe was preparing for her set, Neive's assistant, Grant Barnes (Adam Gray) asked her if she wanted Phoebe to perform, and when Neive said no, he spiked Phoebe's drink.[29] Neive then insisted that Phoebe drank the champagne, which left her incapacitated and with no idea what was going on.[29] Grant then tried to undress and assault Phoebe while they were being filmed.[29] Phoebe was rescued by Andy Barrett (Tai Hara) and Martin Ashford (George Mason), but Grant told Neive that they had enough footage to post online.[30] Giovinazzo summed up Phoebe's short-lived music career: "Phoebe lives and breathes music and believes it can change the world. She was then introduced to the media-inclined industry, fought for what she believed in, but was ultimately pulled into the machine."[31] Giovinazzo enjoyed the storyline, calling it a "wonderful journey to play".[31]

text: Stalker[edit]

text:
"Initially, she was pretty chuffed to have a fan. It was kind of cool, because she had never met a stranger who loved her music. He had seemed a little persistent, but she wasn't really too concerned."[32]

— Giovinazzo on Phoebe's initial reaction to Ryan's attentions.

tag: div

text: In early 2015, Phoebe became the centre of a dark storyline involving a stalker.[33] Shortly after the video of Phoebe looking like "a crazed party animal" was posted online, Ryan Kelly (Daniel Webber) turned up in Summer Bay looking for her.[24] Ryan watched and followed Phoebe, before leaving her a tiara and a rose for her outside the Braxton's house.[24] Ryan later came face-to-face with Phoebe and told her he was a huge fan of her music. Giovinazzo commented that Ryan seemed "quite strange", while TV Week's Stephen Downie noted that he was after more than Phoebe's autograph.[24] Ryan later entered Phoebe's home, knowing she was alone. Phoebe tried to act calm and gave Ryan some CDs in a bid to get him to leave. However, Ryan persisted and told Phoebe that he wanted to take her to his house so she could focus on her music.[32] Giovinazzo explained that Phoebe was "freaking out" as she knew Kyle was not around to help her. After Ryan refused to leave, Phoebe screamed for help, attracting the attention of her neighbour John Palmer (Shane Withington), who chased Ryan away.[32]

text: Phoebe was relieved when Kyle returned home and she decided to keep the incident with Ryan a secret, but she was soon forced to tell Kyle what had happened.[34] Ryan was later spotted in the Bay by Katarina Chapman (Pia Miller), who warned him to leave, and Kyle, who threatened him.[34] However, when Ryan learned Phoebe and the rest of the Braxtons were out for the day, he gained entry to the house and placed a camera in Phoebe's bedroom.[34] Later, when Ryan noticed Phoebe was home alone, he broke in again and waited for Phoebe behind the door. When she entered the room, Ryan came up behind her and placed a cloth soaked in chloroform over her mouth, before kidnapping her.[34] Ryan tied Phoebe to a chair and told her he wanted to save her. He forced her to change into a white dress and take off her make-up.[35] Giovinazzo commented, "Phoebe struggles and screams, but no-one can hear her."[35] Ryan wanted to take Phoebe back to the person she was before her failed music career and he made Phoebe sing for him.[35] During her performance, Phoebe kicked Ryan in the groin and was rescued by Kyle and the police.[36] Kat later told Phoebe that Ryan has been sentenced to seven years in prison.[25]

text: Relationship with Martin Ashford and pregnancy[edit]

text: When Kyle told Phoebe he wanted them to get back together, she rejected him, as she believed he was still grieving for his brother.[37] She later spoke with Ash about people being in a hurry to get serious in relationships, leading him to try and prove to her that he felt the same way.[37] Ash challenged Phoebe to go skinny dipping, and an Inside Soap reporter noted that they seemed to have "a great time" splashing around in the water.[37] Phoebe decided to make things more interesting by stealing Ash's clothes, forcing him to return to the caravan park naked. When Ash saw Phoebe coming out of the shower block, he tried to take her towel, but ended up pulling her to the ground with him.[37] Both Phoebe and Ash realised that there was an attraction between them, but feeling "awkward" they both returned to their respective vans unable to admit it out loud.[37] The following day, Phoebe reunited with Kyle and he invited her to move back in with him. A "disappointed" Ash then questioned Phoebe about her change of heart.[38]

text: Phoebe broke up with Kyle again after admitting she had feelings for Ash. When Phoebe and Ash teamed up to try to find a grieving Ricky, they grew closer and almost kissed.[39] After Ash found Ricky and returned to the Bay, he and Phoebe eventually kissed and had sex in the back of his car, despite her reservations about the timing.[39] Both Kyle and Ash's ex-girlfriend Denny reacted badly to Phoebe and Ash's new relationship.[40] Kyle believed Ash was being disloyal, while a confrontation between Denny and Phoebe turned physical. Denny tried to help Kyle by taking him out dancing, but the following day he decided to temporarily leave town.[40] A couple of weeks later, Denny found a positive pregnancy test in the bin. She initially assumed it belonged to house mate Hannah Wilson (Cassie Howarth), but Phoebe eventually admitted that it was hers.[41] Giovinazzo explained that Phoebe did not want anyone to know she was pregnant until she had made a decision about the baby, but she was happy to have Denny and Hannah's support.[41] Giovinazzo said, "These women always look after each other – Denny puts her history with Phoebe's boyfriend Ash aside, and Hannah, who's a nurse, helps out from a medical perspective."[41]

text: Giovinazzo was pleased to receive the storyline, and she told Kerry Harvey of Stuff.co.nz: "I just read it in the script. It was a new aspect of the character and of myself to discover so I was really excited."[12] On-screen, Phoebe was unsure who the father of her baby was. Giovinazzo thought Ash would make a good father, but Phoebe did not know if he wanted children, while Kyle wanted to be a father, but it would put everyone in an awkward position if he was.[41] Phoebe decided to find out who the father was through a paternity test. Both Kyle and Ash were already at the hospital, recovering from surgery, as Ash gave a kidney to Kyle.[42] Ash was upset when he overheard Phoebe telling Kyle that he would make a better father, so Phoebe decided that they should sit down and make some ground rules. When they all began to argue, a stressed out Phoebe suddenly collapsed in pain.[42] When the results from the paternity test came back, Westaway commented "There is no situation that will appease all of them. It just has to play out. They have to deal with the fallout, whatever it might be."[43] He also said that Kyle would want to reunite with Phoebe if the baby was his, as he always wanted a family.[43] Kyle was revealed to be the father and Phoebe tried to assure Ash that they could make their situation work, but he ended their relationship instead.[44]

text: Phoebe and Ash later reunited, while Kyle and Ash decided to set "aside their differences" and support Phoebe. During an ultrasound, Phoebe learns that she had been pregnant with twins, but one had died.[12] She was then informed that the surviving baby had a congenital heart defect and would be unlikely to live long past birth. Phoebe is advised to have an abortion, and Giovinazzo said that it was "a hard decision for her to make".[12] Phoebe opted not to terminate her pregnancy, but shortly after, she suffered a miscarriage.[12][45] Giovinazzo described the pregnancy storyline as "tumultuous".[45] She also thought that Phoebe's personality had been affected by everything she endured, stating "This question of family has changed her. She has grown a lot as a character and started to consider things that are very new to her."[45] Giovinazzo added that Phoebe was prepared to care for another person, which was a big change.[45] Phoebe eventually ended her relationship with Ash. When he wakes with no recollection of the night before and a strange woman in his flat, he admits to Billie that he thinks he cheated on Phoebe.[46] The woman eventually returned to speak with him and he became convinced that he had cheated, so he told Phoebe, who walked away from him.[46]

text: Relationship with Justin Morgan[edit]

text: In a March 2016 interview with Colin Vickery of news.com.au, Giovinazzo commented that there would be a potential new love interest for Phoebe coming up. She also described it as "maybe a more mature love."[13] Two months later, the Morgan siblings were introduced to Home and Away and Phoebe had a one-night stand with Justin Morgan (James Stewart), after meeting him on the beach.[47] As they continued to get to know each other, Stewart said that Justin was developing feelings for Phoebe and was certain that she felt the same way. He continued, "Phoebe keeps doing things that make him know she digs him."[48] Phoebe and Justin were later threatened by Spike Lowe (Jason Montgomery), who was working for a drugs syndicate that were after the Morgans. He demands that Phoebe and Justin look through several boxes for a book detailing the syndicate's activities.[48] Justin wants to get Phoebe out of harms way, but neither of them are willing to "detach". Stewart commented, "she desperately wants to help Justin and Justin doesn't want to lose her."[48] Spike leaves and warns Justin that he will hurt anyone close to Justin if he does not get the book.[48]

text: After Phoebe is carjacked by Simmo (James O'Connell), she becomes depressed, so Justin decides to cheer her up by singing to her at Salt.[49] Phoebe joins him to perform a duet and they later share a kiss. Giovinazzo commented, "Phoebe can't deny that she has strong and deep feelings for Justin. They're just drawn to each other."[49] However, with Justin's family still in danger from a gang of criminals, Giovinazzo said Phoebe had to be smart about the situation.[49] Shortly after Phoebe moves in with Justin and his siblings, Justin proposes to her. Phoebe initially rejects the proposal, as she feels she is not "a marriage kind of gal". But after talking things through with Justin, she accepts.[50]

text: Departure[edit]

text: In March 2017, Sophie Dainty of Digital Spy reported that Phoebe could be the next character to leave the show.[51] On-screen, Phoebe is receives a visit from her friend Donna Fields (Melissa Bonne), who reignites Phoebe's interest in the music industry. Donna offers Phoebe a job as her opening act.[51] Phoebe is initially unsure about accepting the offer, as she is aware that it could be extended for months, but Justin encourages her to go.[51] Shortly after returning, Phoebe reveals she has been offered a year long contract to tour the United States. Justin decides to go with her, but his daughter Ava Gilbert (Grace Thomas) arrives in the Bay unexpectedly.[52] Phoebe eventually decides to leave without him, and she made her last appearance on 11 May 2017.[53]

text: Reception[edit]

text:
"Not many women in the Bay have the guts to stand up to the dodgy Braxton clan. But just because she's Kyle's girlfriend doesn't mean that headstrong Phoebe is going to stand for her man putting his family before her!"[54]

—An Inside Soap columnist on why they loved Phoebe (2015)

text: At the 2015 TV Week and Soap Extra #OMGAwards Phoebe and Ash won the Best Shock Kiss category, while Phoebe, Ash and Kyle won Best Love Triangle.[55] Ahead of Phoebe's on-screen arrival, Ash from Pedestrian.tv thought that her introduction might have been "a belated reply" to a pop culture reference made by rival soap opera Neighbours.[56] He called Phoebe "a new cool cat Summer Bay resident" and a "free-spirited indie musician and possible home-wrecker".[56] As Phoebe and Kyle performed at the festival, a reporter for the Sunday Mail observed that "the chemistry between them is palpable."[57] A Sun-Herald contributor was not a fan of Phoebe, branding her "one of H&A's more annoying characters".[58] When Phoebe debuted her new pop look, TV Week's Stephen Downie observed "Phoebe looks so hot she could melt tarmac at an Alaskan airport."[28]

text: When Phoebe was later asked to go on tour and leave Kyle behind, TV Week columnists Holly Richards and Bianca La Cioppa debated whether she should give up love or her career.[59] Richards wanted Phoebe to leave, saying that she needed to get her "head out of the clouds" and not throw away the opportunity of a lifetime for a boy.[59] Richards commented "Honestly, I thought Phoebe was a lot smarter than this."[59] La Cioppa thought Phoebe would be making the right choice if she stayed for Kyle, explaining "One, because I'd hate to see them break up (they're my fave H&A couple!). Two, because they have years of history behind them that everyone tends to forget."[59] In February 2015, an Inside Soap contributor observed, "Rock chick Phoebe is quite a handful".[54] Of Phoebe and Justin's romance, a writer for TV Week stated, "They're on. They're off. It's hard to keep up with Justin (James Stewart) and Phoebe's (Isabella Giovinazzo) relationship."[60] Ali Cromarty of TV Week noted that "ever since they first locked eyes, the chemistry between Justin and Phoebe has been palpable."[48]