document_title: Supreme Court of India

question_text: when was the first supreme court established in india

question_tokens: when was the first supreme court established in india

text: Supreme Court of India

text: History[edit]

text: In 1861 the Indian High Courts Act 1861 was enacted to create high courts for various provinces and abolished supreme courts at Calcutta, Madras and Bombay and also the sadar adalats in presidency towns which had acted as the highest court in their respective regions. These new high courts had the distinction of being the highest courts for all cases till the creation of Federal Court of India under the Government of India Act 1935. The Federal Court had jurisdiction to solve disputes between provinces and federal states and hear appeal against judgements of the high courts. The first CJI of India was H.J.Kania.[4]

text: The Supreme Court of India came into being on 28 January 1950.[5] It replaced both the Federal Court of India and the Judicial Committee of the Privy Council which were then at the apex of the Indian court system.

text: Supreme court initially had its seat at Chamber of Princes in the parliament building where the previous Federal Court of India sat from 1937 to 1950. The first Chief Justice of India was Sir H J Kania. In 1958, the supreme court moved to its present premises.[5] Originally, the Constitution of India envisaged a supreme court with a chief justice and seven judges; leaving it to parliament to increase this number.[6] In formative years, the supreme court met from 10 to 12 in the morning and then 2 to 4 in the afternoon for 28 days in a month.[7]

text: Court building architecture[edit]

text: The building is shaped to symbolize scales of justice with its centre-beam being the Central Wing of the building comprising the chief justice’s court, the largest of the courtrooms, with two court halls on either side. The Right Wing of the structure has the bar – room, the offices of the Attorney General of India and other law officers and the library of the court. The Left Wing has the offices of the court. In all, there are 15 courtrooms in the various wings of the building.[4][5][8]

text: The foundation stone of the supreme court's building was laid on 29 October 1954 by Dr. Rajendra Prasad, the first President of India. The main block of the building has been built on a triangular plot of 17 acres and has been designed in an Indo-British style by the chief architect Ganesh Bhikaji Deolalikar, the first Indian to head the Central Public Works Department.It has a 27.6 m (90 ft 7 in) high dome and a spacious colonnaded verandah. The Court moved into the building in 1958. In 1979, two new wings – the East Wing and the West Wing – were added to the complex. 1994 saw the last extension.[5]

text: Mother and Child Sculpture[edit]

text: On 20 February 1980, a black bronze sculpture of 210 cm (6 ft 11 in) height was installed in the lawn of the supreme court. It portrays Mother India in the form of the figure of a lady, sheltering the young Republic of India represented by the symbol of a child, who is upholding the laws of land symbolically shown in the form of an open book. On the book, a balance beam is shown, which represents dispensation of equal justice to all. The sculpture was made by the renowned artist Chintamoni Kar. The sculpture is just behind the statue of Mahatma Gandhi.

text: Seal[edit]

text: The design of the Court's seal is reproduced from the wheel that appears on the abacus of the Sarnath Lion capital of Asoka with 24 spokes. The inscription in Sanskrit, यतो धर्मस्ततो जयः (IAST: Yato Dharmastato Jayaḥ, means "whence law (dharma), thence victory". It is also referred to – as the wheel of righteousness, encompassing truth, goodness and equity.[4]

text: Constitution of the court[edit]

text: Registry[edit]

text: The registry of the supreme court is headed by the Secretary-General who is assisted by 8 registrars, several additional and deputy registrars, etc., with 1770 employees in all (221 gazetted officers, 805 non-gazetted and 744 Class IV employees)[9] Article 146 of the constitution deals with the appointments of officers and servants of the supreme court registry.[10][11]

text: Supreme court advocates[edit]

text: Supreme Court Rules, 2013 entitle only those advocates who are registered with the supreme court, called 'advocates-on-record' to appear, act and plead for a party in the court.[12] Those advocates who are designated as 'senior advocates' by the supreme court or any of the high courts can appear for clients along with an advocate-on-record. Any other advocate can appear for a party along with or under instructions from an advocate-on-record.

text: Composition[edit]

text: Size of the court[edit]

text: Initially the Constitution of India provided for a supreme court with a chief justice and 7 judges. In the early years, a full bench of the supreme court sat together to hear the cases presented before them. As the work of the Court increased and cases began to accumulate, parliament increased the number of judges from the original 8 in 1950 to 10 in 1956, 13 in 1960, 17 in 1977, 26 in 1986 and 31 in 2008 (current strength). As the number of the judges has increased, they sit in smaller benches of two or three (referred to as a division bench) [13]— coming together in larger benches of five or more (referred to as a constitution bench) when required to settle fundamental questions of law. A bench may refer a case before it to a larger bench, should the need arise.[14]

text: Eligibility of a judge of the Supreme Court[edit]

text: A citizen of India not exceeding 65 years age per Article 124 of the constitution who has been

text:
a judge of one high court or more (continuously), for at least five years, or
an advocate there, for at least ten years, or
a distinguished jurist, in the opinion of the president,power conferred by clause(2) of article 124 of the Constitution of India

text: is eligible to be recommended for appointment, a judge of the supreme court.[15]

text: Court demographics[edit]

text: I am proud to be an Indian. India is the only country where a member of the minority Parsi community with a population of 1,67,000, like myself, can aspire to attain the post of the Chief Justice of India. These things do not happen in our neighbouring countries.

text: In practice, judges of the supreme court have been selected so far, mostly from amongst judges of the high courts. Barely seven justices — S. M. Sikri, S. Chandra Roy, Kuldip Singh, Santosh Hegde, R. F. Nariman, U. U. Lalit, L. Nageswara Rao and Indu Malhotra— have been appointed to the supreme court directly from the bar (i.e. who were practising advocates).[18][19]

text: The supreme court saw its first woman judge when Justice M. Fathima Beevi was sworn into office in 1989.[20] The seventh and the most recent woman judge in the court is Justice Indu Malhotra.[21][22] In 1968, Justice Mohammad Hidayatullah became the first Muslim Chief Justice of India. In 2000, Justice K. G. Balakrishnan became the first judge from the dalit community. In 2007 he also became the first dalit Chief Justice of India. In 2010, Justice S. H. Kapadia coming from a Parsi minority community became the Chief Justice of India.[16][23] In 2017, Justice Jagdish Singh Khehar became the first Sikh Chief Justice of India. Indu Malhotra is the first women justice to be selected directly from bar.

text: Judicial independence[edit]

text: The constitution seeks to ensure the independence of supreme court judges in various ways. Per Article 50 of directive principles of state policy, the state shall take steps to separate the judiciary from the executive. Independence of the judiciary, the supremacy of the constitution and rule of law are the features of the basic structure of the constitution. Supreme court and high courts are empowered to frame suo moto cases without receiving the formal petitions/complaints on any suspected injustice including actions/acts indulging in contempt of court and contempt of the constitution by the executive, legislators, citizens, etc.[24] The main purpose of supreme court is to decide constitutional issues.[25] It is the duty of the judiciary to frame suo moto cases or to probe the cases/petitions at the earliest against the executive or legislature when laws are implemented violating the basic foundation and basic structure of the constitution as the Article 38 (1) of directive principles ensures that the state / judiciary shall strive to promote the welfare of the people by securing a social order in which social, economic and political justice is animated/informed in all institutions of life.[26]

text: Dr. Ambedkar clarified as given below in the Constituent Assembly debates on Article 38 (1) high lighting its inevitable implementation.

text: ... The word 'strive' which occurs in the Draft Constitution, in judgement, is very important. We have used it because our intention is even when there are circumstances which prevent the Government, or which stand in the way of the Government giving effect to these Directive Principles, they shall, even under hard and unpropitious circumstances, always strive in the fulfilment of these Directives. That is why we have used the word 'strive'. Otherwise, it would be open for any Government to say that the circumstances are so bad, that the finances are so inadequate that we cannot even make an effort in the direction in which the Constitution asks us to go.

text: Appointments and the Collegium[edit]

text: As per the constitution, as held by the court in the Three Judges Cases – (1982, 1993, 1998), a judge is appointed to the supreme court by the president on the recommendation of the collegium  — a closed group of the Chief Justice of India, the four most senior judges of the court and the senior-most judge hailing from the high court of a prospective appointee.[27] This has resulted in a Memorandum of Procedure being followed, for the appointments.

text: Judges used to be appointed by the President on the advice of the Union Cabinet. After 1993 (the Second judges' Case), no minister, or even the executive collectively, can suggest any names to the President,[28][29] who ultimately decides on appointing them from a list of names recommended only by the collegium of the judiciary. Simultaneously, as held in that judgment, the executive was given the power to reject a recommended name. However, according to some,[who?] the executive has not been diligent in using this power to reject the names of bad candidates recommended by the judiciary.[30][31][32]

text: The collegium system has come under a fair amount of criticism.[29] In 2015, the parliament passed a law to replace the collegium with a National Judicial Appointments Commission (NJAC). This was struck down as unconstitutional by the supreme court, in the Fourth judges' Case, as the new system would undermine the independence of the judiciary.[33] Putting the old system of the collegium back, the court invited suggestions, even from the general public, on how to improve the collegium system, broadly along the lines of — setting up an eligibility criteria for appointments, a permanent secretariat to help the collegium sift through material on potential candidates, infusing more transparency into the selection process, grievance redressal and any other suggestion not in these four categories, like transfer of judges.[34] This resulted in the court asking the government and the collegium to finalize the memorandum of procedure incorporating the above.[35]

text: Once, in 2009, the recommendation for the appointment of a judge of a high court made by the collegium of that court, had come to be challenged in the supreme court. The court held that who could become a judge was a matter of fact, and any person had a right to question it. But who should become a judge was a matter of opinion and could not be questioned. As long as an effective consultation took place within a collegium in arriving at that opinion, the content or material placed before it to form the opinion could not be called for scrutiny in court.[36]

text: Tenure[edit]

text: Supreme court judges retire at the age of 65. However, there have been suggestions from the judges of the Supreme Court of India to provide for a fixed term for the judges including the Chief Justice of India.[37]

text: Salary[edit]

text: Article 125 of the Indian constitution leaves it to the Indian parliament to determine the salary, other allowances, leave of absence, pension, etc. of the supreme court judges. However, the parliament cannot alter any of these privileges and rights to the judge's disadvantage after his/her appointment.[38] A judge of the supreme court draws a salary of ₹250,000 (US$3,800) per month, equivalent to the Cabinet Secretary of India, while the chief justice earns ₹280,000 (US$4,300) per month.[39]

text: Oath of affirmation[edit]

text: As Per Article 124 and third Schedule of the constitution, the chief justice (or a judge) of the Supreme Court of India is required to make and subscribe in the presence of the President an oath or affirmation that he/she

text: will bear true faith and allegiance to the Constitution of India as by law established, that I will uphold the sovereignty and integrity of India, that I will duly and faithfully and to the best of my ability, knowledge and judgement perform the duties of my office without fear or favour, affection or ill-will and that I will uphold the Constitution and the laws.

text: Removal[edit]

text: Per Article 124(4) of the constitution, President can remove a judge on proved misbehaviour or incapacity when parliament approves with a majority of the total membership of each house in favour of impeachment and not less than two thirds of the members of each house present. For initiating impeachment proceedings against a judge, at least 50 members of Rajya Sabha or 100 members of Lok Sabha shall issue the notice as per judges (inquiry) act,1968.[40] Then a judicial committee would be formed to frame charges against the judge, to conduct the fair trial and to submit its report to parliament. When the judicial committee report finds the judge guilty of misbehaviour or incapacity, further removal proceedings would be taken up by the parliament if the judge is not resigning himself.[41][42][43]

text: The judge upon proven guilty is also liable for punishment as per applicable laws or for contempt of the constitution by breaching the oath under disrespecting constitution[44]

text: Post-retirement[edit]

text: A Person who has retired as a judge of the supreme court is debarred from practicing in any court of law or before any other authority in India.

text: Review petition[edit]

text: Article 137 of the Constitution of India lays down provision for the power of the supreme court to review its own judgements. As per this Article, subject to the provisions of any law made by parliament or any rules made under Article 145, the supreme court shall have power to review any judgment pronounced or order made by it.[45]

text: Under Order XL of the supreme court Rules, that have been framed under its powers under Article 145 of the constitution, the supreme court may review its judgment or order but no application for review is to be entertained in a civil proceeding except on the grounds mentioned in Order XLVII, Rule 1 of the Code of Civil Procedure.

text: Powers to punish for contempt[edit]

text: Under Articles 129 and 142 of the constitution the supreme court has been vested with power to punish anyone for contempt of any court in India including itself. The supreme court performed an unprecedented action when it directed a sitting Minister of the state of Maharashtra, Swaroop Singh Naik,[46] to be jailed for 1-month on a charge of contempt of court on 12 May 2006. This was the first time that a serving Minister was ever jailed.[47][48]

text: Rules[edit]

text: The Constitution of India under Article 145 empowers the supreme court to frame its own rules for regulating the practice and procedure of the Court as and when required (with the approval of the President of India). Accordingly, "supreme court Rules, 1950" were framed. The 1950 Rules were replaced by the supreme court Rules, 1966.[49] In 2014, supreme court notified the supreme court Rules, 2013 replacing the 1966 Rules effective from 19 August 2014.[12]

text: Roster system[edit]

text: The supreme court decided to follow a new roster system from February 5, 2018 for allocation of matters to judges. Under the new roster system, the CJI will hear all special leave petitions (SLPs), and matters related to public interest, social justice, elections, arbitration, and criminal matters, among others. The other collegium/senior judges to hear matters related to labour disputes, taxation matters, compensation matters, consumer protection matters, maritime law matters, mortgage matters, personal law matters, family law matters, land acquisition matters, service matters, company matters etc.[50]

text: Reporting and citation[edit]

text: Supreme court Reports is the official journal of reportable supreme court decisions. It is published under the authority of the Supreme Court of India by the Controller of Publications, Government of India, Delhi.[51] In addition, there are many other reputed private journals that report supreme court decisions. Some of these other important journals are: SCR (The supreme court Reports), SCC(supreme court Cases), AIR (All India Reporter), SCALE, etc.

text: Right to Information[edit]

text: In the year 2010, the supreme court filed an appeal before itself challenging the judgement of the Delhi high court holding that the office of the chief justice of India came under the ambit of the RTI Act and was liable to reveal information under it.[52] Though the supreme court is in favour of bringing CJI office under RTI act, the judgement of the pending case is not yet pronounced.[53][54]

text: Facilities on the campus[edit]

text: Legal-aid,[55][56][57] court-fee vendors, first-aid post, dental clinic, physiotherapy unit and pathology lab; rail-reservation counter, canteen, post office and a branch and 3 ATMs of UCO Bank, supreme court Museum[9] can be availed by litigants and visitors.

text: Landmark judgments[edit]

text: Land reform[edit]

text: After some of the courts overturned state laws for redistributing land from zamindar (landlord) estates on the ground that the laws violated the zamindars' fundamental rights, the parliament passed the 1st amendment to the constitution in 1951, followed by the 4th amendment in 1955, to uphold its authority to redistribute land. The supreme court countered these amendments in 1967 when it ruled in Golaknath v. State of Punjab[58] that the parliament did not have the power to abrogate fundamental rights, including the provisions on private property. The 25th amendment to the constitution in 1971 curtailed the right of a citizen to property as a fundamental right and gave authority to the government to infringe private property, which led to a furor amongst the zamindars.

text: Emergency (1975–1977)[edit]

text: The independence of judiciary was severely curtailed[59] during the Indian Emergency (1975–1977) of Indira Gandhi. The constitutional rights of imprisoned persons were restricted under Preventive detention laws passed by the parliament. In the case of Shiva Kant Shukla Additional District Magistrate of Jabalpur v. Shiv Kant Shukla, popularly known as the Habeas Corpus case, a bench of five senior-most judges of supreme court ruled in favour of state's right for unrestricted powers of detention during the emergency. Justices A.N. Ray, P. N. Bhagwati, Y. V. Chandrachud, and M.H. Beg, stated in the majority decision:[60]

text: The only dissenting opinion was from Justice H. R. Khanna, who stated:

text: It is believed that before delivering his dissenting opinion, Justice Khanna had mentioned to his sister: "I have prepared my judgment, which is going to cost me the Chief Justice-ship of India."[61] In January 1977, Justice Khanna was superseded despite being the most senior judge at the time and thereby Government broke the convention of appointing only the senior most judge to the position of Chief Justice of India. Justice Khanna remains a legendary figure among the legal fraternity in India for this decision.

text: The New York Times, wrote of this opinion: "The submission of an independent judiciary to absolutist government is virtually the last step in the destruction of a democratic society; and the Indian supreme court's decision appears close to utter surrender."

text: During the emergency period, the government also passed the 39th amendment, which sought to limit judicial review for the election of the prime minister; only a body constituted by parliament could review this election.[62] Subsequently, the parliament, with most opposition members in jail during the emergency, passed the 42nd Amendment which prevented any court from reviewing any amendment to the constitution with the exception of procedural issues concerning ratification. A few years after the emergency, however, the supreme court rejected the absoluteness of the 42nd amendment and reaffirmed its power of judicial review in the Minerva Mills case (1980).

text: Post-1980: an assertive court[edit]

text: After Indira Gandhi lost elections in 1977, the new government of Morarji Desai, and especially law minister Shanti Bhushan (who had earlier argued for the detenues in the Habeas Corpus case), introduced a number of amendments making it more difficult to declare and sustain an emergency, and reinstated much of the power to the supreme court. It is said that the Basic Structure doctrine, created in Kesavananda Bharati v. State of Kerala, was strengthened in Indira Gandhi's case and set in stone in Minerva Mills v. Union of India.[63]

text: The supreme court's creative and expansive interpretations of Article 21 (Life and Personal Liberty), primarily after the Emergency period, have given rise to a new jurisprudence of public interest litigation that has vigorously promoted many important economic and social rights (constitutionally protected but not enforceable) including, but not restricted to, the rights to free education, livelihood, a clean environment,[64] food and many others. Civil and political rights (traditionally protected in the Fundamental Rights chapter of the Indian constitution) have also been expanded and more fiercely protected. These new interpretations have opened the avenue for litigation on a number of important issues.

text: Recent important cases[edit]

text: Among the important pronouncements of the supreme court post 2000 is the Coelho case I.R. Coelho v. State of Tamil Nadu (Judgment of 11 January 2007). A unanimous bench of 9 judges reaffirmed the basic structure doctrine. It held that a constitutional amendment which entails violation of any fundamental rights which the Court regards as forming part of the basic structure of the constitution, then the same can be struck down depending upon its impact and consequences. The judgment clearly imposes further limitations on the constituent power of parliament with respect to the principles underlying certain fundamental rights. The judgment in Coelho has in effect restored the decision in Golak Nath regarding non-amendability of the constitution on account of infraction of fundamental rights, contrary to the judgment in the Kesavananda Bharati case.

text: Another important decision was of the five-judge bench in Ashoka Kumar Thakur v. Union of India; where the constitutional validity of Central Educational Institutions (Reservations in Admissions) Act, 2006 was upheld, subject to the "creamy layer" criteria. Importantly, the Court refused to follow the 'strict scrutiny' standards of review followed by the United States supreme court. At the same time, the Court has applied the strict scrutiny standards in Anuj Garg v. Hotel Association of India (2007) ([1])a

text: 2G spectrum case[edit]

text: The supreme court declared allotment of spectrum as "unconstitutional and arbitrary" and quashed all the 122 licenses issued in 2008 during tenure of A. Raja (then minister for communications & IT), the main official accused in the 2G case.[65]

text: Black money[edit]

text: The government refused to disclose details of about 18 Indians holding accounts in LGT Bank, Liechtenstein, evoking a sharp response from a bench comprising justices B Sudershan Reddy and S S Nijjar. The court ordered Special investigation team (SIT) to probe the matter.[66][67] Lack of enthusiasm made the court create a special investigative team (SIT).[68]

text: Minority reservations[edit]

text: The supreme court refused to stay the Andhra Pradesh High Court judgement quashing 4.5% sub-quota for minorities under OBC reservation quota of 27%.[69]

text: Online/postal ballot for Indian citizen living abroad (NRIs)[edit]

text: Three judge bench presided by chief justice, Justice Altamas Kabir issued notice to the Centre and the Election Commission of India (EC) on the PIL filed by a group of NRIs for online/postal ballot for the Indian citizens living abroad.[70][71]

text: T. S. R. Subramanian vs. Union of India[edit]

text: While hearing T.S.R. Subramanian vs Union of India, a division bench of the supreme court ruled that—

text:
Officers of the Indian Administrative Service (IAS), officers other All India Services, and other civil servants not required to follow oral instructions, as they 'undermine credibility'.[72][73][74][75]
Civil Services Board (CSB), headed by the Cabinet Secretary at national level, and Chief Secretary at state level, be set up to recommend transfer/postings of the officers of the All India Services (IAS, IFoS and IPS).[76][77][78][79]
Transfers of Group 'B' officers to be done by Head of Department (HoDs).[80][81]
No interference of Ministers in state, other than the Chief Minister, in transfer/postings of civil servants.[80][81]

text: These rulings were received mostly positively, and were termed as a 'major reform'.[73][75][82][83][84]

text: Recognition of transgender as 'third gender' in law[edit]

text: In April 2014, Justice K. S. Radhakrishnan declared transgender to be the 'third gender' in Indian law, in the case, National Legal Services Authority v. Union of India.[85][86][87] The ruling said:[88]

text: Seldom, our society realises or cares to realise the trauma, agony and pain which the members of Transgender community undergo, nor appreciates the innate feelings of the members of the Transgender community, especially of those whose mind and body disown their biological sex. Our society often ridicules and abuses the Transgender community and in public places like railway stations, bus stands, schools, workplaces, malls, theatres, hospitals, they are sidelined and treated as untouchables, forgetting the fact that the moral failure lies in the society's unwillingness to contain or embrace different gender identities and expressions, a mindset which we have to change.

text: Justice Radhakrishnan said that transgender people should be treated consistently with other minorities under the law, enabling them to access jobs, healthcare and education.[89] He framed the issue as one of human rights, saying that, "These TGs, even though insignificant in numbers, are still human beings and therefore they have every right to enjoy their human rights", concluding by declaring that:[88]

text: (1) Hijras, eunuchs, apart from binary gender, be treated as "third gender" for the purpose of safeguarding their rights under Part III of our constitution and the laws made by the parliament and the State Legislature.

text: (2) Transgender persons' right to decide their self-identified gender is also upheld and the Centre and State Governments are directed to grant legal recognition of their gender identity such as male, female or as third gender.

text: Relief to over 35,000 public servants[edit]

text: In B.Prabhakara Rao vs. State of A.P. involved sudden reduction in age of superannuation from 58 years to 55 years of over 35,000 public servants of State Government, public sector undertakings, statutory bodies, educational institutions and Tirupathi-Tirumalai Devasthanams (TTD). They lost first round of litigation in the supreme court. Realising the mistake, fresh legislation was brought restoring the original age of superannuation of 58 years but providing that the benefit of new legislation would not extend to those whose reduction of age of superannuation had been upheld. In challenge to this law, Subodh Markandeya argued that all that was required was to strike down naughty “not” – which found favour with the supreme court bringing relief to over 35,000 public servants.

text: Criticism[edit]

text: Corruption[edit]

text: The year 2008 saw the supreme court embroiled in several controversies, from serious allegations of corruption at the highest level of the judiciary,[90] expensive private holidays at the tax payers expense,[91] refusal to divulge details of judges' assets to the public,[92] secrecy in the appointments of judges',[93] to refusal to make information public under the Right to Information Act.[94] The chief justice K. G. Balakrishnan invited a lot of criticism for his comments on his post not being that of a public servant, but that of a constitutional authority.[95] He later went back on this stand.[96] The judiciary has come in for serious criticisms from former presidents Pratibha Patil and A. P. J. Abdul Kalam for failure in handling its duties.[97] Former prime minister Manmohan Singh, has stated that corruption is one of the major challenges facing the judiciary, and suggested that there is an urgent need to eradicate this menace.[98]

text: The Cabinet Secretary of India introduced the judges Inquiry (Amendment) Bill 2008 in parliament for setting up of a panel called the National Judicial Council, headed by the Chief Justice of India, that will probe into allegations of corruption and misconduct by High Court and supreme court judges.[99][100]

text: Pending cases[edit]

text: According to supreme court newsletter, there are 58,519 cases pending in the supreme court, out of which 37,385 are pending for more than a year, at the end of 2011. Excluding connected cases, there are still 33,892 pending cases.[101] As per the latest pendency data made available by the supreme court, the total number of pending cases in the supreme court as on 1 November 2017 is 55,259 which includes 32,160 admission matters (miscellaneous) and 23,099 regular hearing matters.[102] In May, 2014, former Chief Justice of India, Justice R.M. Lodha, proposed to make Indian judiciary work throughout the year (instead of the present system of having long vacations, specially in the higher courts) in order to reduce pendency of cases in Indian courts; however, as per this proposal there is not going to be any increase in the number of working days or working hours of any of the judges and it only meant that different judges would be going on vacation during different periods of the year as per their choice; but, the Bar Council of India rejected this proposal mainly because it would have inconvenienced the advocates who would have to work throughout the year.[103] More over, various time frames specified in 'code of civil procedure' are also diluted by supreme court judgements to give the courts right to endlessly adjourn the cases.[104][105]

text: Rule of law[edit]

text: Supreme court has not taken up the trail of many pending cases, since April 2014 (more than three years), challenging the validity of the Andhra Pradesh Reorganisation Act, 2014 which was enacted by the parliament without following the stipulated procedure in the constitution and is claimed detrimental to the basic foundation of the constitution on which the basic structure of the constitution is resting.[106] The basic foundation of the constitution is the dignity and the freedom of its citizens which is of supreme importance and can not be destroyed by any legislation of the parliament.[107] Whereas the fair trial to examine the validity of the ninety-ninth constitutional amendment dated 31 December 2014, to form National Judicial Appointments Commission for the purpose of appointing the judges of the supreme court and high courts, was conducted on utmost priority and supreme court delivered its judgement on 16 October 2015 (within a year) quashing the constitutional amendment as unconstitutional and ultra virus stating the said amendment is interfering with the independence of the judiciary.[108] Disposal of the various petitions filed against Andhra Pradesh Reorganisation Act, 2014 is also equally important as it has alienated the basic rights of a vast section of Indian citizens and also against federal character of the constitution which is part of the basic structure of the constitution. Supreme court is also wasting its valuable time by not taking up the case in toto but conducted a piecemeal trail by delivering its judgement to dispose the petitions related with apportionment of assets between the newly formed states Telangana and Andhra Pradesh.[109] Supreme court is also conducting piecemeal trail of the petitions filed by the states regarding water sharing of rivers and bifurcation of the common high court without considering the earlier pending petitions challenging the validity of the Andhra Pradesh Reorganisation Act, 2014 which is the basic cause of all these disputes.[110][111] Under checks and balances as provided in the constitution, it is the duty of the judiciary/supreme court to establish the rule of law at the earliest by rectifying any misuse of the constitution by the parliament and the executive without colluding with them and to remove perceptions of people that rule of law is side lined and a section of its citizens are subjected to discrimination.[112][113]

text: Four judges vs chief justice[edit]

text: On 12 January 2018, four senior judges of the supreme court; Jasti Chelameswar, Ranjan Gogoi, Madan Lokur and Kurian Joseph addressed a press conference criticizing Chief Justice Dipak Misra's style of administration and the manner in which he allocated cases among judges of the supreme court. However, people close to Misra refuted the allegations that allocation of cases was unfair.[114] On 20 April 2018, seven opposition parties submitted a petition seeking impeachment of Dipak Misra to the Vice President Venkaiah Naidu, with signatures from seventy-one parliamentarians.[115] On 23 April 2018, the petition was rejected by Vice President Venkaiah Naidu, primarily on the basis that the complaints were about administration and not misbehaviour, and that thus impeachment would seriously interfere with the constitutionally protected independence of the judiciary.[116][117][118]


document_title: Long-term support

question_text: how long is the support period for an lts release of ubuntu

root

text: Long-term support

text: Characteristics[edit]

text: LTS applies the tenets of reliability engineering to the software development process and software release life cycle. Long-term support extends the period of software maintenance; it also alters the type and frequency of software updates (patches) to reduce the risk, expense, and disruption of software deployment, while promoting the dependability of the software. It does not necessarily imply technical support.

tag: p

text: At the beginning of a long-term support period, the software developers impose a feature freeze: They make patches to correct software bugs and vulnerabilities, but do not introduce new features that may cause regression. The software maintainer either distributes patches individually, or packages them in maintenance releases, point releases, or service packs. At the conclusion of the support period, the product reaches end-of-life.

text: Rationale[edit]

text: The traditional software lifecycle in many open source projects is release early, release often, or a regular time-based release schedule. In either case, each new release includes both fixes for security vulnerabilities and new functionality.

text: Large organisations, or users with mission critical projects, need the security fixes but would often prefer to retain the same base version for an extended period without any new or changed functionality. Their concern is, that as software developers add new features they can accidentally introduce new bugs or break old functionality.[2] While in theory they could backport just the security fixes from each new release to their deployed version, in practice this would often be prohibitively difficult or costly.

text: Even without the added risks, for these types of users, new functionality is also often expensive. Updating a web application with a sensitive configuration, for example, may require the cooperation of many people: Developers for retrofitting; a database administrator for database schema changes; software testers for regression testing; a project manager for scheduling, liaising, and facilitating; a system administrator or release manager for software deployment oversight; and IT operations personnel for backups, installation, and disaster recovery.

text: LTS versions of a software package typically address these concerns by releasing only security-related updates for the LTS version—such that  installing them should always be less risky than not installing them.

text: Software with separate LTS versions[edit]

text: This table only lists those have a specific LTS version in addition to a normal release cycle. Many projects, such as CentOS, provide a long period of support for every release.

text:
Software
Software type
Date of first LTS release
LTS period
STS period
Notes

Django
Application framework
23 March 2012 (2012-03-23)(v1.4)
3 years[3]
16 months

Firefox
Web browser
31 January 2012 (2012-01-31)(v10.0)
1 year
6 weeks
Mozilla's LTS term is "Extended Support Release" (ESR) (see Firefox#Extended Support Release).

Joomla!
CMS
January 2008 (2008-01)(v1.5)
2 years, 3 months[4]
7 months
Since Joomla! is a web application, long-term support also implies support for legacy web browsers.

Laravel
Application framework
9 June 2015 (2015-06-09)(v5.1) [5]
3 years[6]
1 year
For LTS releases, bug fixes are provided for 2 years and security fixes are provided for 3 years. For general releases, bug fixes are provided for 6 months and security fixes are provided for 1 year.[7]

Linux kernel
Kernel
11 October 2008 (2008-10-11)(v2.6.27)
2 years[8]
Varies
Linux kernel v2.6.16 and v2.6.27, were unofficially supported in LTS fashion[9] before a 2011 working group in the Linux Foundation started a formal Long Term Support Initiative.[10][11]

Linux Mint
Linux distribution
8 June 2008 (2008-06-08)
5 years[12]
6 months
At version 13 the LTS period increased from three years to five, since Linux Mint derives from Ubuntu.

Matomo
Web analytics
3 February 2016 (2016-02-03)(v2.16)[13][14]
≥12 months[13]
~4 weeks[15]

Node.js
Runtime system
12 October 2015 (2015-10-12)(v4.2.0)[16]
18 months
12 months

Symfony
Application framework
June 2013 (2013-06)
3 years
8 months

Tiki-wiki

Wiki/CMS

May 2009 (Tiki3)

5 years

6 months

Every third version is a Long Term Support (LTS) version.

Trisquel 7.0 [17]
Linux distribution
2014-11-04
5 years
1 year
Linux Kernel-libre 3.13, GNOME fallback 3.12 and Abrowser or GNU IceCat

TYPO3
CMS
January 2011 (2011-01)(v4.5 LTS)[18]
3 years (min.)
Varies
TYPO3 is a web application stewarded by the TYPO3 Association.

Ubuntu
Linux distribution
1 June 2006 (2006-06-01)(v6.06 LTS)[19]
5 years[20]
9 months1
A new LTS version is released every two years. From 2006 through 2011, LTS support for the desktop was for approximately two years, and for servers five, but LTS versions are now supported for five years for both.[19][20]

Windows 10
Operating system
2 August 2016 (2016-08-02)(v10.0.14393)[21]
10 years[22]
18 months (previously 8-12 months) [22]
The Long-Term Servicing Channel (LTSC) (previously Long-Term Servicing Branch) releases of Windows 10 are supported for 10 years for mission critical machines. The LTSC release gets monthly security updates; the updates to the LTSC release bring little to no feature changes. Every 2-3 years, a new major LTSC release is published, but businesses may opt to stay on their current LTSC version until its end-of-life. The LTSC release is available only for businesses running the Windows 10 Enterprise edition. Regular consumers on the Semi-Annual Channel (SAC) get new versions of the operating system approximately every six months (previously every four months) while business customers get upgraded to new versions of SAC approximately four months after Microsoft released the SAC release for regular consumers (previously a separate release is done approximately every eight months).[22]

tag: table


document_title: Argos (dog)

question_text: where was the dog lying when odysseus found him

text: Argos (dog)

text:
Argos

Odysseus and Argos

Species
Dog

Sex
Male

Born
Ἄργος

Nation from
Greek

Employer
Odysseus

Known for
Speed and strength and his superior tracking skills

Appearance
Lying neglected on a pile of cow manure, infested with lice, old and very tired

text: In Homer's Odyssey, Argos (/ˈɑːrɡɒs, -ɡəs/; Greek: Ἄργος) is Odysseus' faithful dog. After ten years fighting in Troy, followed by ten more years struggling to get home to Ithaca, Odysseus finally arrives at his homeland. In his absence, reckless suitors have taken over his house in hopes of marrying his wife Penelope. In order to secretly re-enter his house to ultimately spring a surprise attack on the suitors, Odysseus disguises himself as a beggar, and only his son Telemachos is told of his true identity. As Odysseus approaches his home, he finds Argos lying neglected on a pile of cow manure, infested with fleas, old and very tired. This is a sharp contrast to the dog Odysseus left behind; Argos used to be known for his speed and strength and his superior tracking skills. Unlike everyone else, including Eumaios, a lifelong friend, Argos recognizes Odysseus at once and he has just enough strength to drop his ears and wag his tail but cannot get up to greet his master. Unable to greet his beloved dog, as this would betray who he really was, Odysseus passes by (but not without shedding a tear) and enters his hall, and Argos dies. The simplicity of the relationship between Argos and Odysseus allows their reunion to be immediate and sincere.[1]

text: Excerpt from the Odyssey[edit]


document_title: Power/Rangers

question_text: who was james van der beek in power rangers

text: Power/Rangers

text: Plot[edit]

text: The Machine Empire defeats the Power Rangers in battle, destroying the Megazord. It is revealed that Earth's governments then negotiate a truce with the Machine Empire and the Power Rangers are disbanded.

text: Years later, Rocky, the second, now-prosthetic Red Ranger has defected to the Machine Empire, critical of Zordon's use of Power Rangers as child soldiers. He interrogates a restrained Kimberly, the former Pink Ranger, about the location of Tommy Oliver, the former Green Ranger. He details the tragic lives of Jason, Rocky's predecessor as Red Ranger, who was gunned down eight hours after marrying Kimberly, when Bulk and Skull revealed their location to a police force; Zack, the former Black Ranger, was an insatiable action junkie who became a Machine Empire enforcer and was assassinated after a threesome with Divatox and Scorpina; Billy Cranston, the former Blue Ranger, became an openly-gay trillionaire weapons manufacturer who seemingly committed suicide.

text: Kimberly rejects Rocky's claim that Tommy is hunting down the Rangers. She tells Rocky that she hasn't seen him since Trini's, the former Yellow Ranger, who died at the treaty negotiations, funeral. Rocky acknowledges that he already knew that; she is really being held as bait. Tommy arrives and kills the guards, entering into single combat against Rocky in a sword duel. When Rocky gains the upper hand, Kimberly shoots and kills him. Tommy demands to know who she is, as the real Kimberly died in his arms during the final battle years earlier. It is revealed that she is Rita Repulsa, who killed all the others and wants to rule the world with Tommy. He denies her, attacking her as the film ends.

text: Cast[edit]

text: Power Rangers[edit]

text:
James Van Der Beek as Rocky, the former Red Ranger
Katee Sackhoff as Kimberly, the former Pink Ranger
Russ Bain as Tommy, the former Green Ranger
Gichi Gamba as Zack, the former Black Ranger
Yves Bright as Billy, the former Blue Ranger
Stevin Knight as Jason, the first and former Red Ranger
Camilla Lim as Trini, the former Yellow Ranger

tag: ul

text: Additional[edit]

text:
Will Yun Lee as General Klank
Tony Gomez as Bulk
Matt Obja as Skull
Bree Olson as Divatox
Amia Miley as Scorpina
Carla Perez as Rita
Steffane Melanga as Cestria
Adi Shankar as Billy's husband

text: Perez is the only returning cast member from the Power Rangers franchise.

text: Release[edit]

text: The film was released on February 24, 2015. Two versions of the film were released; the version hosted on Vimeo included brief nudity not present in the YouTube version.

text: Critical reception[edit]

text: Members of the original Mighty Morphin Power Rangers praised it, such as Austin St. John,[1] Amy Jo Johnson[2] and Steve Cardenas.[3] Jason David Frank, the original Green Ranger, criticized the short film, thinking it was too violent and the fact the Power Rangers franchise is still being produced for children. However, he appreciated it on an "inner geek level".[4]

text: Removal by Saban and restoration[edit]

text: On February 24, 2015, Vimeo chose Power/Rangers as a "Staff Pick".[5] However, a few hours later Vimeo removed the film from its site entirely. On February 25, Vimeo released a statement that the film was removed due to a copyright claim from Saban, the original copyright holders of the Power Rangers franchise.[6] On February 26, Saban had the film removed from YouTube, once again citing copyright claim. On February 27, Power/Rangers was restored to both Vimeo and YouTube.

text: Possible television follow-up[edit]

text: Joseph Kahn has shown interest in making an R-rated re-imagining television series of the original television show.[7][8][9]


document_title: List of Produce 101 Season 2 contestants

question_text: who is left in produce 101 season 2

question_tokens: who is left in produce 101 season 2

text: Contestants[edit]

text: Before the first episode was aired on April 7, 2017, it was revealed that three trainees have left the show: Han Jong-youn (Maroo Entertainment) left the show after a bullying scandal, while trainees Kim Shi-hyun (Choon Entertainment) and Nam Yoon-sung (I.One Entertainment) left due to health reasons.[1]

text: After the 5th episode was aired, trainee Ha Min-ho (The Vibe Label) left the show following sexual harassment accusations.[2]

text: After the 6th episode was aired, trainee Kim Tae-min (Hanahreum Company) left the show due to an acute intestinal illness.[3]

text: English names are according to the official website.[4]

text: Age is shown according to Korean age system.

text: Color key

text:
Left the show
     Eliminated in Episode 5
     Eliminated in Episode 8
     Eliminated in Episode 10
     Eliminated in Episode 11
     Final members of WANNA·ONE

text:
Company
Name
Age
Judges
evaluation

Ranking

Ep.1[5]
Ep.2[6]
Ep.3[7]
Episode 5[8]
Ep.6[9]
Episode 8[10]
Episode 10[11]
Episode 11[12]
Final

1[13]
2[14]
#
#
#
#
Votes
#
#
Votes
#
Votes
#
Votes

Individual Trainee (개인 연습생)
Kim Sang-been (김상빈)
23
B
A
46
51
55
60
100,142
39
48
379,753

48

Kim Jae-hwan (김재환)1
22
B
B
27
18
18
16
569,969
7
9
1,822,842
13
259,776
4
1,051,735
4

Kim Chan (김찬)
22
D
F
39
40
56
82
69,967

82

Lee In-soo (이인수)2
22
C
B
33
30
43
57
105,599
56
57
256,851

57

Choi Dong-ha (최동하)
22
C
B
38
35
51
63
88,032

63

2able Company (투에이블 컴퍼니)
Ju Won-tak (주원탁)3
22
B
C
92
83
94
62
88,474

62

2Y Entertainment
Lee Ki-won (이기원)
22
D
D
63
65
58
58
103,065
46
53
318,579

53

Ardor and Able (아더앤에이블)
Roh Tae-hyun (노태현)4
25
A
A
61
48
24
26
353,043
32
21
945,314
25
143,523

25

Ha Seng-un (하성운)4
24
A
A
34
28
23
21
459,912
27
25
838,649
3
413,654
11
790,302
11

Banana Entertainment (바나나)
Yoon Yong-bin (윤용빈)5
23
C
D
80
73
67
73
77,030

73

Blessing Entertainment (블레싱)
Yu Jin-won (유진원)
21
C
F
79
87
70
75
76,303

75

Im Woo-hyeok (임우혁)
24
C
C
49
53
57
66
86,710

66

Brand New Music (브랜뉴뮤직)
Kim Dong-hyun (김동현)
20
B
B
42
46
35
39
163,092
41
29
821,551
28
125,155

28

Park Woo-jin (박우진)
19
A
A
72
75
38
24
403,690
16
14
1,396,889
6
372,493
6
937,379
6

Lee Dae-hwi (이대휘)
17
A
A
3
3
2
7
809,484
10
4
2,095,314
10
325,990
3
1,102,005
3

Lim Young-min (임영민)
23
B
A
24
27
31
27
312,983
12
5
2,011,798
17
197,721
15
654,505
15

Brave Entertainment (브레이브 엔터테인먼트)
Arredondo Samuel (김사무엘)6
16
A
A
6
2
3
2
863,861
17
16
1,306,508
5
378,491
18
391,529
18

C2K Entertainment
Kim Seong-lee (김성리)7
24
B
A
69
60
53
46
133,494
51
47
395,013

47

C9 Entertainment
Bae Jin-young (배진영)
18
C
F
5
12
10
12
667,298
14
12
1,502,905
4
389,982
10
807,749
10

Choon Entertainment (춘)
Kim Shi-hyun (김시현)
20
D
D

Jin Longguo (김용국)
22
C
D
44
49
37
34
195,419
35
18
1,190,935
21
184,303

21

Cre.Ker Entertainment (크래커)
Joo Hak-nyeon (주학년)
19
F
F
4
8
6
10
703,391
9
10
1,629,176
18
197,194
19
349,040
19

CS Entertainment
Cho Jin-hyung (조진형)8
22
D
B
85
92
75
72
77,924

72

Cube Entertainment
Lai Kuan-lin (라이관린)
17
D
F
10
6
7
9
717,275
5
2
2,202,665
20
188,940
7
905,875
7

Yu Seon-ho (유선호)
16
F
F
22
16
15
15
575,027
11
13
1,502,513
16
209,168
17
551,745
17

FENT (에프이엔티)
Lee Jun-woo (이준우)
20
F
C
30
36
33
41
157,041
58
50
343,252

50

Fantagio (판타지오)
Ong Seong-wu (옹성우)
23
A
A
8
4
4
4
819,186
6
7
1,998,849
8
358,656
5
984,756
5

FNC Entertainment
Yoo Hoe-seung (유회승)
23
D
C
43
39
49
56
109,060
36
39
527,138

39

Gini Stars Entertainment (지니스타즈)
Kim Do-hyun (김도현)9
26
C
C
86
69
86
92
64,157

92

Park Hee-seok (박희석)9
26
D
C
89
66
87
86
68,008

86

Wang Min-hyeok (왕민혁)10
24
D
D
98
85
98
89
66,475

89

GNI Entertainment (지엔아이)
Jeong Si-hyun (정시현)
27
F
F
48
56
62
77
74,829

77

GON Entertainment
Hong Eun-ki (홍은기)
21
C
D
29
31
41
36
176,813
38
38
557,008

38

Hanahreum Company (한아름 컴퍼니)
Kim Tae-min (김태민)11
23
F
F
26
33
30
32
260,391
37

59

HF Music Company (HF뮤직컴퍼니)
Park Woo-dam (박우담)
23
C
D
59
57
68
55
112,521
21
28
826,392
35
31,975

35

Woo Jin-young (우진영)
21
C
A
55
50
45
42
153,419
40
40
522,149

40

Jeong Won-cheol (정원철)2
22
F
B
81
72
85
95
57,775

95

Jo Yong-geun (조용근)
23
F
C
65
59
71
93
61,660

93

HIM Entertainment
Park Sung-woo (박성우)
30
F
F
12
13
17
22
452,876
31
37
562,716

37

Hunus Entertainment (후너스)
Kim Sang-kyun (김상균)12
23
F
D
47
38
47
43
152,329
23
27
830,779
26
140,890

26

I.One Entertainment (아이원)
Kim Yeon-kuk (김연국)
23
F
D
97
91
92
76
75,768

76

Nam Yoon-sung (남윤성)
22
F
C

Ryu Ho-yeon (유호연)
20
F
C
96
95
93
87
67,707

87

Choi Hee-soo (최희수)
21
F
F
68
79
79
96
55,959

96

IMX
Cho Gyu-min (조규민)
25
F
D
94
89
97
88
67,359

88

IT Entertainment
Lee Seo-kyu (이서규)13
20
F
D
91
43
50
69
80,052

69

Han Min-ho (한민호)13
21
D
C
84
96
82
74
77,000

74

Jellyfish Entertainment (젤리피쉬)
Yun Hee-seok (윤희석)
21
F
B
25
26
32
30
264,133
45
46
408,503

46

K-Tigers (K타이거즈)
Byun Hyun-min (변현민)
19
F
C
52
70
73
52
116,449
44
45
419,381

45

Kiwi Media Group (키위 미디어 그룹)
Kim Dong-bin (김동빈)
17
F
F
40
37
25
33
237,033
59
58
256,770

58

Maroo Entertainment (마루기획)
Kwon Hyeop (권협)
20
D
C
41
41
52
65
86,745

65

Park Ji-hoon (박지훈)
19
C
B
1
1
1
1
1,044,197
3
3
2,181,840
2
630,198
2
1,136,014
2

Han Jong-youn (한종연)14
20
B
A

Media Line (미디어라인)
Lee Woo-jin (이우진)15
15
B
A
20
22
21
18
511,463
22
26
836,127
34
47,796

34

MMO Entertainment
Kang Daniel (강다니엘)
22
B
A
23
23
12
5
817,245
2
8
1,948,847
1
828,148
1
1,578,837
1

Kim Jae-han (김재한)16
23
C
C
83
64
72
81
71,281

81

Yoon Ji-seong (윤지성)
27
F
D
35
19
9
3
844,829
13
15
1,372,652
9
333,974
8
902,098
8

Joo Jin-woo (주진우)
25
F
F
77
80
77
45
141,432
42
41
496,934

41

Choi Tae-woong (최태웅)
24
C
D
76
71
65
71
78,323

71

Namoo Actors (나무엑터스)
Lee You-jin (이유진)17
26
D
C
58
42
48
48
130,509
50
54
316,255

54

Narda Entertainment (나르다)
Kim Tae-woo (김태우)18
25
F
D
28
34
44
38
167,726
49
49
367,727

49

ONO Entertainment (오앤오)
Jang Moon-vok (장문복)19
23
F
F
2
5
8
14
597,046
26
32
745,093
27
130,324

27

Oui Entertainment (위)
Kim Dong-han (김동한)
20
D
B
57
78
78
37
175,107
34
35
629,883
29
120,594

29

Jang Dae-hyeon (장대현)
21
B
D
51
54
66
83
69,146

83

Jo Sung-wook (조성욱)
22
F
F
87
97
90
91
64,374

91

Pan (팬)
Lee Ji-han (이지한)
20
F
B
90
74
88
98
51,123

98

Pledis Entertainment (플레디스)
Kang Dong-ho (강동호)20
23
D
D
19
14
20
20
472,132
8
11
1,585,712
12
314,807
13
755,436
13

Kim Jong-hyeon (김종현)20
23
D
B
15
11
13
8
752,149
1
1
2,795,491
7
367,052
14
704,148
14

Choi Min-gi (최민기)20
23
D
F
14
15
19
19
476,249
18
20
1,102,561
15
217,734
20
277,106
20

Hwang Min-hyun (황민현)20
23
C
D
11
9
16
11
680,322
4
6
2,004,207
11
315,650
9
862,719
9

Rainbow Bridge World (RBW)
Son Dong-myeong (손동명)21
19
D
F
53
61
69
68
84,469

68

Yeo Hwan-ung (여환웅)
20
B
B
32
32
39
49
126,568
54
42
472,798

42

Lee Gun-min (이건민)
22
D
F
56
81
83
94
60,404

94

Lee Keon-hee (이건희)
20
D
D
17
24
27
29
269,787
29
30
799,975
33
50,148

33

Choi Jae-woo (최재우)
21
C
B
74
94
80
97
52,711

97

S How Entertainment (에스하우)
Kim Nam-hyung (김남형)22
25
A
A
75
58
46
54
112,841
47
52
328,569

52

Jeong Dong-su (정동수)22
27
B
C
60
52
36
35
180,209
30
36
587,830

36

Star Road Entertainment (스타로드)
Takada Kenta (타카다 켄타)
23
C
B
21
25
29
28
287,263
24
31
783,860
24
146,716

24

Starship Entertainment (스타쉽)
Lee Gwang-hyun (이광현)23
20
B
C
45
47
40
44
145,251
43
44
442,392

44

Jung Se-woon (정세운)24
21
B
B
13
17
11
13
634,134
15
17
1,284,267
19
196,223
12
769,859
12

STL Entertainment (에스티엘)
Choi Jun-young (최준영)25
22
B
C
82
98
81
90
66,443

90

The Jackie Chan Group Korea (더잭키찬그룹코리아)
Kim Chan-yul (김찬율)26
26
F
F
93
90
96
78
73,320

78

Choi Ha-don (최하돈)26
25
D
F
73
86
91
85
68,009

85

The Vibe Label (더바이브레이블)
Kim Tae-dong (김태동)27
21
F
A
37
45
28
25
359,771
28
22
877,168
30
110,091

30

Seong Hyun-woo (성현우)
22
C
B
54
67
84
61
99,983

61

Yoon Jae-chan (윤재찬)
19
B
C
67
55
60
59
101,243
52
55
277,022

55

Ha Min-ho (하민호)28
20
B
C
50
63
63
47
132,056

60

Total Set (토탈셋)
Yoo Kyoung-mok (유경목)29
24
D
C
78
62
74
84
68,265

84

Wayz Company (웨이즈 컴퍼니)
Jeong Joong-ji (정중지)
26
F
F
64
77
59
64
86,864

64

WH Creative
Seo Sung-hyuk (서성혁)
19
D
D
95
88
95
51
120,808
19
24
844,163
31
54,415

31

Widmay (위드메이)
Kim Ye-hyeon (김예현)
19
F
C
71
93
34
40
159,576
55
33
691,611
32
53,277

32

Wings Entertainment (윙즈)
Kim Yong-jin (김용진)3
21
D
F
88
84
61
53
114,426
53
56
261,354

56

YGKPlus (YG케이플러스)
Kwon Hyun-bin (권현빈)
21
F
F
16
20
22
23
408,701
33
34
645,510
22
160,693

22

Kim Hyeon-woo (김현우)
20
F
C
66
82
89
70
79,305

70

Lee Hoo-lim (이후림)
26
D
B
62
68
76
80
72,260

80

Jeong Hyo-jun (정효준)
26
F
F
36
44
54
67
85,218

67

Yuehua Entertainment (위에화)
Ahn Heong-seop (안형섭)
19
D
A
7
7
5
6
810,639
20
19
1,171,439
14
254,984
16
609,085
16

Lee Eui-woong (이의웅)30
17
C
D
9
10
14
17
520,973
25
23
855,494
23
156,572

23

Justin (저스틴)
16
C
D
18
21
26
31
261,653
48
43
458,650

43

Zhu Zheng-ting (정정)
22
C
D
31
29
42
50
122,552
57
51
330,058

51

Choi Seung-hyeok (최승혁)
19
D
D
70
76
64
79
72,983

79

text: Group Battle Performances (Episodes 3-4)[edit]

text: Color key

text:
Winner
     Leader
     Center
     Leader and center

text:
Performance
Team
Contestant

#
Artist
Song
#
Votes
Position
Name
Votes
Votes with bonus
Rank

1
2PM
10 out of 10
1
357
Main vocal
Yoon Jae-chan
51
51
69

Sub vocal 1
Lee Hoo-lim
25
25
85

Sub vocal 2
Kim Hyeon-woo
58
58
67

Sub vocal 3
Yoon Ji-seong
66
66
65

Rapper 1
Kim Tae-woo
85
85
59

Rapper 2
Kim Tae-min
72
72
63

2
401
Main vocal
Roh Tae-hyun
27
3027
42

Sub vocal 1
Yoon Yong-bin
18
3018
46

Sub vocal 2
Hong Eun-ki
34
3034
36

Sub vocal 3
Byun Hyun-min
100
3100
15

Sub vocal 4
Ahn Heong-seop
163
3163
3

Rapper 1
Park Woo-jin
31
3031
40

Rapper 2
Choi Jun-young
28
3028
41

2
EXO
Call Me Baby
1
380
Main vocal
Kim Seong-lee
24
3024
43

Sub vocal 1
Yun Hee-seok
121
3121
8

Sub vocal 2
Jeong Won-cheol
15
3015
48

Sub vocal 3
Kim Dong-han
76
3076
21

Rapper 1
Jang Moon-vok
123
3123
7

Rapper 2
Seong Hyun-woo
21
3021
44

2
353
Main vocal
Joo Jin-woo
70
70
64

Sub vocal 1
Lee Seo-kyu
31
31
77

Sub vocal 2
Jeong Si-hyun
31
31
77

Sub vocal 3
Kim Dong-bin
79
79
61

Rapper 1
Jang Dae-hyeon
100
100
54

Rapper 2
Han Min-ho
42
42
72

3
Shinee
Replay
1
467
Main vocal
Lee Keon-hee
94
3094
17

Sub vocal 1
Choi Min-gi
157
3157
4

Sub vocal 2
Lee Gwang-hyun
39
3039
34

Sub vocal 3
Yeo Hwan-ung
52
3052
29

Sub vocal 4
Zhu Zheng-ting
19
3019
45

Sub vocal 5
Justin
106
3106
12

2
391
Main vocal
Kim Jae-han
37
37
75

Sub vocal 1
Yu Jin-won
123
123
51

Sub vocal 2
Kim Sang-kyun
109
109
52

Sub vocal 3
Choi Tae-woong
24
24
86

Sub vocal 4
Ryu Ho-yeon
16
16
90

Sub vocal 5
Lee Jun-woo
82
82
60

4
SEVENTEEN
Mansae
1*
624
Main vocal
Park Woo-dam
270
3270
1

Sub vocal 1
Ju Won-tak
103
3103
14

Sub vocal 3
Kim Yeon-kuk
7
3007
49

Rapper 1
Woo Jin-young
64
3064
27

Rapper 2
Kim Tae-dong
180
3180
2

2
151
Main vocal
Kim Yong-jin
22
22
88

Sub vocal 1
Kim Chan-yul
7
7
95

Sub vocal 2
Jo Sung-wook
51
51
69

Sub vocal 3
Jeong Joong-ji
13
13
93

Rapper 1
Choi Ha-Don
51
51
69

Rapper 2
Cho Gyu-min
7
7
95

5
Super Junior
Sorry Sorry
1
208
Main vocal
Choi Dong-ha
40
40
73

Sub vocal 1
Kwon Hyeop
27
27
83

Sub vocal 2
Yu Seon-ho
93
93
57

Sub vocal 3
Jo Yong-geun
7
7
95

Sub vocal 4
Kim Nam-hyung
10
10
94

Sub vocal 5
Ha Min-ho
31
31
77

2
522
Main vocal
Kim Jae-hwan
75
3075
23

Sub vocal 1
Hwang Min-hyun
108
3108
11

Sub vocal 2
Kang Daniel
33
3033
38

Sub vocal 3
Kwon Hyun-bin
142
3142
5

Sub vocal 4
Ong Seong-wu
97
3097
16

Sub vocal 5
Kim Jong-hyeon
67
3067
25

6
Beast
Shock
1
280
Main vocal
Wang Min-hyeok
15
15
91

Sub vocal 1
Seo Sung-hyuk
23
23
87

Sub vocal 2
Son Dong-myeong
105
105
53

Sub vocal 3
Choi Seung-hyeok
61
61
66

Rapper 1
Kim Do-hyun
22
22
88

Rapper 2
Jeong Hyo-jun
54
54
68

2
384
Main vocal
Cho Jin-hyung
68
3068
24

Sub vocal 1
Lee Ki-won
112
3112
10

Sub vocal 2
Yoo Kyoung-mok
93
3093
18

Sub vocal 3
Park Hee-seok
5
3005
50

Rapper 1
Im Woo-hyeok
61
3061
28

Rapper 2
Jeong Dong-su
45
3045
31

7
Infinite
Be Mine
1
330
Main vocal
Yoo Hoe-seung
37
37
75

Sub vocal 1
Kim Chan
96
96
56

Sub vocal 2
Choi Hee-soo
28
28
82

Sub vocal 3
Lee Ji-han
39
39
74

Rapper 1
Choi Jae-woo
99
99
55

Rapper 2
Kim Ye-hyeon
31
31
77

2
438
Main vocal
Lee Woo-jin
87
3087
20

Sub vocal 1
Kim Dong-hyun
45
3045
31

Sub vocal 2
Jung Se-woon
46
3046
30

Sub vocal 3
Park Sung-woo
76
3076
21

Rapper 1
Lim Young-min
33
3033
38

Rapper 2
Lee You-jin
18
3018
46

Rapper 3
Takada Kenta
133
3133
6

8
BTS
Boy in Luv
1
494
Main rapper
Lee Eui-woong
44
3044
33

Sub rapper 1
Arredondo Samuel
34
3034
36

Sub rapper 2
Joo Hak-nyeon
93
3093
18

Vocal 1
Ha Seng-un
39
3039
34

Vocal 2
Lee Dae-hwi
105
3105
13

Vocal 3
Bae Jin-young
66
3066
26

Vocal 4
Park Ji-hoon
113
3113
9

2
243
Main rapper
Kim Sang-been
6
6
98

Sub rapper 1
Lai Kuan-lin
79
79
61

Sub rapper 2
Lee In-soo
27
27
83

Vocal 1
Kang Dong-ho
86
86
58

Vocal 2
Jin Longguo
15
15
92

Vocal 3
Lee Gun-min
30
30
81

text:
(*) denotes the team with the highest score who can perform on M Countdown.
Bold denotes the person who picked the team members.

text: Position Evaluation Performances (Episodes 6-7)[edit]

text: Color key

text:
Performance
Name
Ranking

Position
#
Artist
Song
Team
Votes
Votes with bonus
Vocal
Dance
Rap

Vocal
1
Jung Seung-hwan
If It Was You
Kim Seong-lee
2
583
583
11

Jin Longguo
1
633
10,633
3

Kim Ye-hyeon
4
470
470
17

Joo Jin-woo
3
499
499
16

6
Black Pink
Playing with Fire
Kang Dong-ho
2
551
551
13

Lee Dae-hwi
3
546
546
14

Jung Se-woon
1
584
10,584
5

Choi Min-gi
4
427
427
19

7
BTS
Spring Day
Lee Woo-jin
2
629
629
8

Bae Jin-young
4
501
501
15

Yu Seon-ho
1
642
10,642
2

Takada Kenta
3
567
567
12

Kim Yong-jin
5
441
441
18

11
BoA
Amazing Kiss
Lee Keon-hee
1
717
110,717
1

Yun Hee-seok
4
627
627
9

Jeong Dong-su
2
709
709
6

Seo Sung-hyuk
3
636
636
7

12
I.O.I
Downpour
Kim Jae-hwan
1
622
10,622
4

Yoon Ji-seong
4
358
358
21

Hwang Min-hyun
2
621
621
10

Ha Seng-un
3
416
416
20

Kwon Hyun-bin
5
349
349
22

Dance
2
Flo Rida
Right Round
Yeo Hwan-ung
3
548
548

6

Joo Hak-nyeon
1
581
10,581

2

Hong Eun-ki
2
566
566

5

Byun Hyun-min
4
524
524

10

Kim Nam-hyung
6
379
379

19

Yoo Hoe-seung
5
402
402

17

4
Ed Sheeran
Shape of You
Roh Tae-hyun
1
621
110,621

1

Park Sung-woo
6
474
474

13

Kim Tae-dong
2
534
534

7

Justin
3
528
528

8

Kim Dong-han
4
525
525

9

Lee Jun-woo
5
521
521

11

8
NSYNC
Pop
Zhu Zheng-ting
1
537
10,537

4

Park Woo-dam
5
355
355

21

Lee In-soo
4
377
377

20

Lee Ki-won
2
415
415

15

Yoon Jae-chan
3
382
382

18

Kim Sang-been
6
283
283

24

13
Jason Derulo
Get Ugly
Arredondo Samuel
6
350
350

23

Park Ji-hoon
2
498
498

12

Ong Seong-wu
3
419
419

14

Kang Daniel
5
355
355

21

Ahn Heong-seop
4
413
413

16

Park Woo-jin
1
542
10,542

3

Rap
3
Zico
Boys and Girls
Lim Young-min
1
651
10,651

2

Kim Dong-bin
3
271
271

13

Kim Dong-hyun
2
456
456

10

5
Song Min-ho
Fear
Lai Kuan-lin
2
642
642

5

Kim Jong-hyeon
1
665
110,665

1

Jang Moon-vok
4
227
227

14

Kim Tae-min
3
496
496

9

9
SMTM
I'm Not The Person You Used To Know
Woo Jin-young
2
584
584

6

Lee Eui-woong
4
542
542

8

Kim Sang-kyun
3
563
563

7

Ha Min-ho (*)
1

3

10
iKON
Rhythm Ta
Lee Gwang-hyun
1
473
10,473

4

Kim Tae-woo
2
447
447

11

Lee You-jin
3
432
432

12

text: (*) Ha Min-ho left the show shortly after the position performances were filmed.

text: Concept Evaluation Performances (Episode 9)[edit]

text: Color key

text:
Winner
     Leader
     Center

text:
Performance
Contestant

Concept
#
Producer
Song
Votes
Position
Name
Votes
Rank

Nu Disco
1
Veethoven, Oh Sung-hwan, ASHTRAY & KINGMAKER
Show Time
135
Main vocal
Park Woo-dam
2
34

Sub vocal
Roh Tae-hyun
6
30

Sub vocal
Arredondo Samuel
41
16

Sub vocal
Lee Woo-jin
3
33

Sub vocal
Ha Seng-un
34
21

Rapper
Kim Sang-kyun
12
27

Rapper
Yoon Ji-seong
37
18

Synth Pop/Funk
2
Hyuk Shin
I Know You Know
83
Main vocal
Seo Sung-hyuk
4
31

Sub vocal
Kim Dong-hyun
15
25

Sub vocal
Kim Ye-hyeon
2
34

Sub vocal
Kim Tae-dong
13
26

Sub vocal
Kim Dong-han
10
28

Rapper
Kwon Hyun-bin
35
20

Rapper
Jang Moon-vok
4
31

Future EDM
3
Devine-Channel
Open up (열어줘)
552
Main vocal
Kang Dong-ho
78
6

Sub vocal
Kang Daniel
205
1

Sub vocal
Jin Longguo
58
10

Sub vocal
Joo Hak-nyeon
71
7

Sub vocal
Yu Seon-ho
59
9

Rapper
Takada Kenta
24
22

Rapper
Lim Young-min
57
11

Hip Hop
4
Kiggen & ASSBRASS
Oh Little Girl
398
Main vocal
Jung Se-woon
36
19

Sub vocal
Lee Keon-hee
7
29

Sub vocal
Ahn Heong-seop
48
14

Sub vocal
Choi Min-gi
21
24

Sub vocal
Bae Jin-young
82
5

Rapper
Park Ji-hoon
182
2

Rapper
Lee Eui-woong
22
23

Deep House
5
Triple H
NEVER
443
Main vocal
Kim Jae-hwan
52
13

Sub vocal
Kim Jong-hyeon
57
11

Sub vocal
Hwang Min-hyun
91
4

Sub vocal
Ong Seong-wu
40
17

Sub vocal
Lee Dae-hwi
60
8

Rapper
Lai Kuan-lin
48
14

Rapper
Park Woo-jin
95
3

text: Debut Evaluation Performances (Episode 11)[edit]

text: Color key

text:
Leader
     Center

text:
Performance
Contestant

#
Producer
Song
Position
Name

1
Ryan S. Jhun
Super Hot
Main vocal
Ha Seng-un

Sub vocal 1
Arredondo Samuel

Sub vocal 2
Kang Dong-ho

Sub vocal 3
Yu Seon-ho

Sub vocal 4
Ahn Heong-seop

Sub vocal 5
Lee Dae-hwi

Sub vocal 6
Choi Min-gi

Rapper 1
Lim Young-min

Rapper 2
Kim Jong-hyeon

Rapper 3
Lai Kuan-lin

2
The Underdogs & DEEZ
Hands On Me
Main vocal
Kim Jae-hwan

Sub vocal 1
Kang Daniel

Sub vocal 2
Ong Seong-wu

Sub vocal 3
Bae Jin-young

Sub vocal 4
Hwang Min-hyun

Sub vocal 5
Jung Se-woon

Sub vocal 6
Joo Hak-nyeon

Sub vocal 7
Yoon Ji-seong

Rapper 1
Park Woo-jin

Rapper 2
Park Ji-hoon

text: Notes[edit]

text:
1Kim Jae-hwan was a contestant on the second season of competition show Korea's Got Talent.
He won the SBS competition show Vocal War: God's Voice pilot but failed to obtain another victory in the second episode.
He was also a member of the disbanded group ShelRock (셜록).
2The individual trainee Lee In-soo (also known as Jaguar) and the HF Music Company trainee Jeong Won-cheol (also known as Ado) were members of the disbanded group A6P.
Lee In-soo was also a contestant on competition show Boys24.
3The 2able Company trainee Ju Won-Tak (also known as Roel) is a member of Underdog whereas the Wings Entertainment trainee Kim Yong-jin is a former member.
4Roh Tae-hyun (also known as Kid Monster) and Ha Seng-un are members of HOTSHOT.
5Yoon Yong-bin was a participant on the 6th episode of the third season of music show I Can See Your Voice .
6Arredondo Samuel (also known as Kim Samuel or Punch) was a member of the disbanded duo 1Punch and appeared in the reality web show Seventeen TV.
7Kim Seong-lee was a member of the disbanded group K-BOYS and appeared on the 10th episode of the first season of music show I Can See Your Voice .
8Cho Jin-hyung was a contestant on the MBC competition show Super Idol.
9Kim Do-hyun (also known as Konan) and Park Hee-seok (also known as K-Bean) are members of the duo X10.
10Wang Min-hyeok (also known as Rown) was a member of the disbanded group NPI (New Planet Icons).
11After the release of episode 6, Kim Tae-min left the show due to an illness.[15]
12Kim Sang-kyun (also known as A-Tom) is a member of Topp Dogg.[16]
13Lee Seo-kyu and Han Min-ho (also known as EnL) are members of Pureboy.
14Three weeks before the beginning of the broadcast (but after the release of the "Pick Me" MV where he appears), Han Jong-youn left the show because of a bullying scandal.[17]
15Lee Woo-jin is a member of TheEastLight. and a former The Voice Kids contestant.
16Kim Jae-han (also known as J.Han) was a member of the disbanded group OneVoices.
17Lee You-jin is the son of famous actor Lee Hyo-jung.[18]
18Kim Tae-woo is a member of Rion Five.
19Jang Moon-vok was a contestant on competition show Superstar K2.[19]
20Kang Dong-ho (also known as Baekho), Kim Jong-hyeon (also known as JR), Choi Min-gi (also known as Ren) and Hwang Min-hyun are members of NU'EST.
21Son Dong-myeong is a member of MAS (formerly known as MAS 0094).[20]
22Kim Nam-hyung (also known as Kino) and Jeong Dong-su (also known as Rio) are members of OFFROAD.
23Lee Gwang-hyun was a contestant on competition show Boys24.
24Jung Se-woon was a contestant on competition show K-pop Star 3 and made it to the Top10 as part of the singer-songwriter duo Something (formed during the Team mission).[21]
25Choi Jun-young (also known as Jooen) is a member of AFOS.
26Kim Chan-yul (also known as Yul) and Choi Ha-don (also known as San-Cheong) are members of JJCC.
27Kim Tae-dong was a contestant on competition show Boys24.
28After the release of episode 5, Ha Min-ho left the show because of a sexual harassment scandal.[22]
29Yoo Kyoung-mok (also known as Yu A) is a former member of BoM (Blooming of our Music) and BTL.
30Lee Eui-woong was a featured guest on the episode 265 of the variety show Hello Counselor.


document_title: The Last Survivors

question_text: where was the movie the last survivors filmed

text: The Last Survivors

text: Plot[edit]

text: Ten years after rain ceases to fall, Oregon turns into a dry wasteland, and the survivors spend their time desperately trying to locate enough water to survive and avoiding hostile scavengers. Kendal takes care of fellow orphan Dean, who is near death from kidney failure. Her friend Gabriel, who lives on a nearby farm, urges her to join him, but she refuses to abandon Dean. One day, after hearing a cry for help on their two-way radio, Kendal leaves to assist them. She finds that it is a trap to ensnare the family's neighbors. Kendal hides as marauders kill off the remaining family members, unable to save them, then sneaks back to her house in the dark.

text: As the local wells go dry, Dean theorizes that a local warlord, Carson, has drilled to the aquifer and is draining everyone's water supply. Carson owns a small compound that he advertises as a safe haven. Kendal's neighbor Grace, after her well goes dry, tells Kendal that she has accepted Carson's offer to join him. Grace urges Kendal to accompany her and Gabriel, as she believes Carson has medicine that can help Dean. Kendal remains skeptical and hides when Carson arrives. Carson abruptly kills Gabriel's entire family, saying that everyone but Gabriel is either too old or infirm to save based on the limited amount of water available. Though horrified, Gabriel reluctantly agrees and turns in a relative who was also hiding. Kendal escapes after killing a sentry.

text: Kendal checks on Alby, a young boy who lives on his own. She tells him of Dean's plan to escape via a Cessna that has been almost fully repaired; all they need is the proper distributor cap. However, Alby says he is better able to survive on his own and asks her not to visit him so often, as it attracts Carson's attention. After finally recovering the proper distributor cap from a car in Carson's compound, Kendal returns home again, only to find that three survivors have wandered onto their property in search of water. Dean convinces Kendal to donate water to them, though Kendal remains suspicious of their intentions. When they return shortly afterward, her suspicions are confirmed as they seek to steal the remaining water. Dean, barely able to walk, shoots them before they can kill Kendal.

text: Drawn by the sound of gunshots as he surveys the local farms, Carson investigates. Dean kills several of Carson's men before they kill him. After killing one of his men, who has become wounded and thus a liability, Carson expresses regret that he is not able to save more of the survivors. His lieutenant, a man in priest's garb, reassures him that what they do is for the greater good. Kendal once again escapes after hiding from Carson's men and retrieves a katana from one the graves at Grace's farm. Now armed, she returns to the house and kills the men left behind to search it, including the priest and Gabriel, whose identity was obscured by a mask.

text: When Kendal checks on Alby to invite him to escape with her on the Cessna, she discovers Carson has abducted him. She attacks Carson's compound and kills all his henchmen. When only Kendal, Carson, his daughter, and Alby remain, Carson attacks Kendal, who kills him with the katana. Brooke, Carson's daughter, nearly defeats Kendal by putting her in a choke hold. Kendal breaks free just before passing out and stabs Brooke with the sword. She and Alby go to the Cessna and, after inserting the distributor cap, start it up. As they board the plane, Alby asks about Dean, and Kendal says that he is staying behind.

text: Cast[edit]

text:
Barbara Crampton as Grace
Booboo Stewart as Dean
Haley Lu Richardson as Kendal
Jacqueline Emerson as Skye
Jon Gries as Carson
Leo Lee as Judas
Max Charles as Alby
Michael Massee as Walker
Michael McCartney as Cadiz
Michael Welch as Gabriel
Nicole Fox as Brooke
Rena Owen as Claire

text: Production[edit]

text: A trained dancer, Richardson performed most of her own stunts in the film. She said the producers were "half-impressed and half-worried" by her enthusiasm for the stuntwork.[2] Shooting took place in California City, California, over the course of a month in 2012.[3]

text: Release[edit]

text: The Last Survivors premiered at the Los Angeles Film Festival.[4] It was released on DVD in the UK on May 4, 2015,[5] and in the US on August 4.[2]

text: Reception[edit]

text: Rotten Tomatoes reports that 80% of 10 surveyed critics gave the film a positive review; the average rating is 6.8/10.[6] Justin Lowe of The Hollywood Reporter wrote, "Tom Hammock's conscientiously crafted feature gets great mileage from a unique setting and some strong screen performances."[7] Bob Strauss of the Los Angeles Daily News called the film unoriginal but praised both Hammock's direction and Richardson's acting.[8] James Rocchi of Indiewire rated it A− and wrote that it "has a stunningly well-designed sense of place".[9] J. R. Southall of Starburst rated it 4/10 stars and, in comparing it negatively to The Hunger Games, wrote, "Taking itself too seriously without providing enough reason for the audience to follow suit, this is ultimately an interesting and pretty but rather vacuous failure."[10]


document_title: Auf Wiedersehen, Pet

question_text: who played neville's wife in auf wiedersehen pet

question_tokens: who played neville 's wife in auf wiedersehen pet

text: Auf Wiedersehen, Pet

text: Series 1: 1983–84[edit]

text: The first series, co-produced by Witzend Productions and Central Television for ITV in 1983, is the story of seven out-of-work construction workers from various parts of England who are forced to look for work in West Germany, although its initial emphasis is on three men from Newcastle upon Tyne making the journey to Germany, with the others being introduced along the way. (The title refers to their farewells to their wives and girlfriends - "Auf Wiedersehen" being German for "Farewell" or "Goodbye", and "Pet" being a North-East English term of endearment).

text: They find work on a German building site in Düsseldorf but despite promises of hostel accommodation, are forced to live in a small hut that reminds them of a POW camp. The rest of the series is driven by the interactions and growing friendships between the various characters: for instance, Barry, an electrician from the Black Country, is an obsessive bore; Neville (Kevin Whately), one of the Geordie bricklayers, is an insecure young newlywed; fellow Geordie Oz, another bricklayer, is aggressive and jingoistic; and London joiner Wayne is a womaniser. The third Geordie is Dennis (Tim Healy), a bricklayer who, being older, more experienced and generally more mature than the others, becomes the de facto leader of the group. The others are Bristolian bricklayer Bomber and Scouse ex-con plasterer Moxey. Over the course of 13 episodes the "Magnificent Seven" enjoy comic, dramatic, and romantic adventures, until a change in German tax laws forces them to return home.

text: The "building site" used for most of the filming was a set created on the backlot of the former ATV studios at Borehamwood (then owned by Central) and sometimes referred to as one of the Elstree Studios in Hertfordshire. After its sale to the BBC in 1984, the "Albert Square" set of EastEnders was later built there. Such was the attention to detail that the producers imported thousands of bricks from West Germany as these were slightly bigger than those used on British building sites.[1]

text: The show was one of the first to use lightweight video cameras on location in drama production. Previously used in Electronic News Gathering they were more versatile and cheaper to use than studio-based cameras. Interior scenes (such as those in the bar) were shot in studios at Borehamwood. Some location filming was conducted in Hamburg,[2] despite the fact that the series was set in Düsseldorf. In these scenes most of the cars' registration numbers begin with HH denoting Hamburg (HH = Hansestadt Hamburg).

text: The location sequences in Hamburg and Düsseldorf actually only lasted 10 days. The Intercontinental hotel which Dennis, Wayne and Barry visit in episode 7 titled Private Lives, was the same hotel in which the cast and crew stayed in while filming there.

text: In the last episode of the series, titled When The Boat Goes Out, the hut on the site where the gang live, accidentally catches fire and burns down. The ruins shown on the end credits were the actual ruins of the hut that was used for filming.

text: In 1988, ITV decided to use Auf Wiedersehen, Pet against EastEnders, the BBC's twice-weekly soap that had grown considerably in popularity since its launch in 1985. The original episodes had been shown in a late evening slot and hence were very adult in content; ITV wanted to show them during family viewing time, and also in a 30-minute slot. Consequently, they cut each 50-minute episode into two 25-minute ones, thus turning the 26 episodes of the first two series into 52. The shows had to be further edited to remove adult language and sexual references to make them suitable for the desired family timeslot, and hence the plots often became confusing as key scenes were removed and much of the humour was lost. From 5 April 1988, the edited shows began an ITV network run, slotted on Tuesdays and Thursdays at 7.30pm in direct competition with EastEnders on BBC-1. There were viewer complaints about the editing, and after a few weeks Thames and TVS both opted out of the run and instead showed the original uncut episodes at 10.30pm on Mondays. The majority of ITV regions stayed with the edited run until its natural end in September.

text: In 2000, the first series was ranked #46 on the 100 Greatest British Television Programmes, in a list compiled by the British Film Institute. It is the only series of the show to make the list.

text: Series 2: 1986[edit]

text: The second series of 13 episodes in 1986 saw the boys reunited, initially to help Barry complete extensive building work on his new home in Wolverhampton. Dennis is working for a crooked businessman, Ally Fraser (played by Bill Paterson) after building up large debts to him. Dennis encourages the rest of the gang to help renovate a country manor house owned by Fraser, Thornely Manor, but end up falling foul of the locals. Fraser then invites the boys to Spain to refurbish his swimming pool at his Spanish villa. Once in Spain, the gang are mistaken for criminals themselves and the series ends with them fleeing the Spanish police in a motor yacht, together with Barry's new wife, who had only expected a wedding at sea.

text: The second series had several on-set problems. Actor Gary Holton died before some of the final indoor scenes were filmed, and the scripts had to be reworked to explain Wayne's absence from these indoor scenes. Examples of this include various characters enquiring about Wayne's whereabouts, only to be told that he was chatting up a girl in the next room or that he had gone away for the day. A double was used in other scenes, such as one where Bomber manhandles Wayne away from Ally's girlfriend in a nightclub. The transmission of the final episode of Series 2 (Quo Vadis Pet) saw an introduction by Tim Healy dedicating the episode to Holton.

text: Executive producer Allan McKeown fell out with Jimmy Nail during filming, as he felt his ego was out of control at this time and would often ask for his lines to be changed. In his autobiography, Nail said he was glad to be done with filming not just because of Holton's death but he felt the second series lacked the gritty edge of the first series, which is something Dick Clement and Ian La Frenais later said they agreed with. On the audio commentary for series two, Clement said the series was much more contrived in getting and keeping the gang together, and La Frenais said he felt the gang weren't trapped together enough like they were in Germany in the hut. In particular, he felt the Spanish episodes were too luxurious for the gang, and instead of sleeping rough, having arguments, and clashing with the Spanish locals, they spent far too much time just walking around in summer clothes and chilling out, and a few of the characters had their partners tagging along, which made the show much less edgy.

text: Despite their opinions on the series, the ratings remained high throughout, and the episode titled, Marjorie Doesn't Live Here Anymore, which Clement and La Frenais described as their favourite in the second series because it was "drab and grey looking", and "added some meat to Oz's character", was not only the most watched episode of the show's run but drew in the highest audience percentage out of all the channels on the night of its screening, with sixteen million viewers.

text: Location scenes in the UK were shot around the villages of Caunton, Nottinghamshire and Redmile, Leicestershire. Roundhill Primary School, Beeston, Nottinghamshire was used as the location for 'Walker Street Middle School'. Some scenes were also filmed in West Bridgford, Nottinghamshire. Studio scenes were filmed at Central's new studios in Nottingham, replacing those at Borehamwood.

text: Series 3: 2002[edit]

text: Sketches written and performed for the Sunday for Sammy charity concerts inspired Clement and Le Frenais to revive the series.[3] In 2002 the show was revived, this time as a six-part series produced by Ziji Productions for BBC One. The original writers and all of the surviving cast returned, joined by Noel Clarke as Wayne's son Wyman. The characters all appeared to have moved on: Moxey was no longer a wanted criminal; Oz had given up drinking; Barry ran a seemingly successful business exporting out of date food and Lada cars back to Russia (in reality smuggling drugs into the country, a fact Barry was unaware of); Neville and his wife Brenda, ran a building company called Nevenda Homes supplying pre-built homes from Scandinavia to DIY home builders. Dennis, however, was now a taxi driver whose biggest fare was on Tuesdays and Fridays driving a drug dealer around the area. The series' storyline revolves around a plan by corrupt politician Jeffrey Grainger (played by Bill Nighy), whom Oz had met in prison, to dismantle the Middlesbrough Transporter Bridge (a real-life industrial landmark) and sell it for reconstruction in the Far East. Persuading Oz to get the old gang back together to dismantle the bridge, he then plans to cheat them out of their share of the profits, until a Native American from Arizona named Joe Saugus (played by Gordon Tootoosis) arrives to buy the bridge for the benefit of his tribe's casino after seeing an advert placed online by Oz. The lads fly to his reservation to reconstruct the bridge.

text: Each episode except the first featured a re-cap of the previous episode's events in a voiceover from Dennis, a feature not continued in the fourth series.

text: The special-effects depicting the dismantling of the bridge were so realistic that many people believed it was really being removed, forcing the BBC to add a caption to the final episode reassuring them that it was still there. Middlesbrough Council also issued a press release stating that the bridge remained in situ.[4]

text: Despite some initial skepticism that the revival would not work, the show was an immediate hit. It won the National Television Award for Best Drama, and a British Comedy Award for Best Comedy Drama.

text: Comic Relief sketch[edit]

text: Some of the cast made an appearance on Comic Relief's Red Nose Day 2003, in which they find a suitcase full of money in a Miami hotel room and assume it belongs to a drug dealer who wants to shoot them - but actually it belongs to U2, who invite them to their penthouse.

text: Series 4: 2004[edit]

text: A fourth series of six episodes was aired on BBC One from 4 January to 8 February 2004. The characters now work as building subcontractors for the British Embassy after a building job in Moscow goes badly wrong and are given a tip off from a friend of Oz who tells them about specialised embassy work. The team are posted to Havana to completely refurbish the British ambassador's new residence. They also carry out some unofficial building work for Oz's Cuban girlfriend's family.

text: Neville was reluctantly recruited as a spy for British Intelligence before they left UK and was duped into working for Tarquin Pearce, the press liaison officer at the Embassy, Oz falls in love with prima ballerina Ofelia Ortiz, Barry finds himself in prison on the edge of a nervous breakdown, Moxey becomes a guinea pig trainer and Dennis ends up in a relationship with Wyman's mother.

text: Despite extensive negotiations between the BBC and the Cuban Government, it was not possible to obtain permission to film in Cuba, so the series was actually shot in the Dominican Republic.

text: Au Revoir: The two-part special[edit]

text: This section does not cite any sources. Please help improve this section by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. (February 2014) (Learn how and when to remove this template message)

text: Two one-hour episodes were shot in Bangkok and Chiang Mai in July - August 2004 and broadcast on BBC 1 on 27 and 28 December. Shooting in Bangkok took place partly in the red-light district Soi Cowboy. Pat Roach, although suffering from cancer, had hoped to appear in the mini-series, but was not well enough and died in July. Instead, Dennis reads a letter from Bomber to the rest of the group while they are all dining in a restaurant, where he explains his reasons for not having joined them. The group lift their glasses and drink a toast; "To Bomber!".

text: The story sees the remaining six working in a British Embassy somewhere in central Africa that is about to be overrun by rioters. Most of them escape uninjured, except for Oz who sustains a painful injury to the rectum protecting a female staff member (while they are having sex) from a bomb.

text: The boys then move on to Laos and later Thailand, where Barry's Russian ex-wife, Tatiana turns up to announce that she is carrying his child following a brief "reconciliation" back in UK. After working for the Australian embassy Neville accompanies Barry and Tatiana for a journey upon the Eastern and Oriental Express in which they meet, by coincidence, Tarquin Pearce. During a stopover on this trip, Barry is kidnapped and held by guerrillas in a village in the jungle. When the others find out and follow they are also captured. They end up being imprisoned in a bamboo hut but are treated kindly by the local villagers. Eventually, Dennis has an idea (inspired by the film The Bridge on the River Kwai)  to build a washhouse for the villagers to keep their minds occupied during their ordeal. After obtaining the guerrilla leader's satellite phone while he is asleep Neville manages to send a call for help to Brenda, his wife and as a result the army and the Australian embassy locate them. It turns out that the man who arranged their hostage taking by the guerrillas was Neville's corrupt handler, Tarquin Pearce (from Series 4). Deprived of their hostages, the guerrillas decide to take Tarquin hostage instead.

text: In the final scenes Dennis, Neville and Oz ask the embassy to give them an assignment in a nice peaceful country - and find themselves heading back to Germany once more. On the ferry from England, Neville is asked what Brenda said to him when he told her he was heading off to Germany, he replied that she said "Auf Wiedersehen... pet." Following a dedication to Pat Roach, the closing credits of the final episode are accompanied by the opening theme tune from Series 1.

text: Characters[edit]

text: Main cast[edit]

text: Supporting cast[edit]

text: The wives, girlfriends and exes:

text:
Julia Tobin as Brenda Elizabeth Hope: Wife of Neville (Series 1–4 & Special)
Lysette Anthony as Christa Norris: Girlfriend of Wayne. Later wife, then ex-wife (Series 1 & mentions in Series 2)
Caroline Hutchison as Vera Patterson: Ex-Wife of Dennis (Series 1)
Brigitte Kahn as Dagmar: Girlfriend of Dennis (Series 1)
Sheila Reid as Patsy Busbridge: Wife of Bomber (Series 1)
Lucinda Edmonds as Tracy Busbridge: Bomber's teenaged daughter (Series 1)
Su Elliot as Marjorie Osborne: Wife, later ex-Wife of Oz (Series 1 & 2)
Melanie Hill as Hazel Taylor: 1st Wife of Barry (Series 2)
Madelaine Newton as Christine Chadwick: Girlfriend of Dennis (Series 2). In the third series we learn that Dennis has had a second failed marriage, caused by the infidelity of his second wife. It is often assumed, although never explicitly stated, that this was Christine.
Lesley Saint John as Vicky: Girlfriend of Ally Fraser and then Oz (Series 2)
Branka Katic as Tatiana Taylor: 2nd Wife of Barry (Series 3–4 & Special)
Georgina Lightning as Lainie Proudfoot: Girlfriend, later common-law wife, of Bomber (Series 3)
Josefina Gabrielle as Ofelia Ortiz: Ex-Girlfriend of Oz (Series 4)
Zoë Eeles as Tina: Ex-Girlfriend of Wyman Norris (Series 4): was the assistant of Tarquin Pearce and a love interest for Wyman Norris. It is speculated that she has had a sexual relationship with Tarquin. Tina and Wyman's romance ended when the Lads completed their work in Cuba.

text: The main supporting cast from all four series:

text:
Michael Sheard as Herr Grunwald (Series 1)
Peter Birch as Herr Ulrich (Series 1)
Michael Elphick as Magowan (Series 1): A violent alcoholic thug who was always looking for trouble, yet was never fired for his antics as he was one of the best bricklayers on site. Most of the lads feared him, except Oz, who got on well with him and Bomber, who was too big for Magowan to intimidate. When he was evicted from the hostel for assaulting staff, Oz invited Magowan to stay in the hut, much to the dismay of the other lads. By the time the lads had left Germany, Magowan had finally been imprisoned for his aggressive behaviour
Ray Winstone as Colin Latham (Series 1): was a soldier who went on the run following a rough time with some of his fellow soldiers. He met the Lads when they visited the Country in Germany, and he went to work with them in Düsseldorf. Dennis and Neville later persuaded him to return to the army, and he remained in touch with Neville via letters.
Bill Paterson as Ally Fraser (Series 2): Dennis' boss.  Fraser is a businessman in the Newcastle area, with businesses including a sauna, casino and a nightclub.  Fraser is widely regarded as a villain by the Geordie characters and it becomes known at the end of the series when he is residing in Marbella that he is wanted by the police back in the UK.
Val McLane as Norma (series 2): is Dennis Patterson's older sister. She let Dennis live at her house when he divorced his wife Vera. She disapproved of her brother's association with Ally Fraser. She was also close to Brenda and Neville Hope. She wasn't happy when Moxey and Oz began sleeping in her front room. She was not seen nor mentioned after Series 2 in the series per se, however Val McClane appeared in character as Norma at the 2006 Sunday for Sammy charity variety show at The Sage, Newcastle upon Tyne . The character of Norma was quickly added to the scripts shortly after filming on the second series began to replace Dennis' wife Vera, when actress Caroline Hutchison (who was originally set to reprise her role and had attended script read-throughs and rehearsals) was diagnosed with cancer and was subsequently unable to appear.
James Booth as Kenny Ames (Series 2): The former owner of Thornley Manor.  Ames is living in exile in Marbella as he is wanted by the police for his criminal activities, which include a pornography empire.  Ames is an associate of Ally Fraser.
Bryan Pringle as Arthur Pringle (Series 2): the snobbish, grumpy landlord of the lads' local when they were staying in Derbyshire. He was often irritated by the lads, especially Oz and Wayne. He seems to dislike Wayne the most, due to Wayne seducing his daughter Carol, and as punishment, he bans Wayne and the rest of the lads from his pub. But after it is revealed that he once attended a sex party hosted by Kenny Ames, he is blackmailed into lifting the ban.
Catherine Rabett as Carole Pringle (Series 2)
Kevin Lloyd as Harry Blackburn (Series 2) A Plumber and Country & Western enthusiast. He is always dressed in cowboy gear and drives a Nissan Patrol
Ying Tong John as Big Baz (Series 2): Ally Fraser's minder. Although he appears to be hard man, he has been beaten by both Bomber and Oz, with Bomber breaking his nose and hand and Oz stunning him.
John Bowler as Howard Radcliffe (Series 2): Architect on the Thornley Manor refurbishment.
James Bate as Malcolm Hallwood (Series 2). Ally Fraser's solicitor.  In early drafts of the scripts, the character was called Malcolm Harbottle.
Simon Smith as Trevor (Series 2): Barry's apprentice.
Barry Hollinshead as Rodney Osborne (Series 2): Oz's ten-year-old son.
Mark Stobbart as Rodney Osborne (Series 3): Now grown up and reunited again with Oz.  Oz is pleased to discover Rod is a professional singer, but is shocked to learn he is a drag artist and is homosexual.
Eric Mason as Terry Leather (Series 2). The character was based, in part, on Ronnie Knight[citation needed].  Leather is a member of the criminal fraternity living in exile in Marbella.
Bill Nighy as Jeffrey Grainger (Series 3): A disgraced politician who met Oz in prison.  Grainger is a member of the consortium responsible for the demolition of the Middlesbrough Transporter Bridge.  Grainger is shown to make media appearances to promote his autobiography in which he claims he is a reformed character, however, it is clear that his business dealings are dishonest.
Emily Bruni as Sarah (Series 3):  Grainger's personal assistant and later love interest of Oz.
Liz White as Lorraine (Series 3): Neville's secretary whom he fantasizes over during his mid-life crisis.
Michael Angelis as Mickey Startup (Series 3): Moxey's employer at his nightclub.  Startup is a Liverpudlian criminal, involved in human trafficking and sexual slavery.
Zelda Tinska as Irena (Series 3):  A young woman brought into the country illegally with her two brothers and several others.  She is separated from her brothers by Mickey Startup who wants her to work in his brothel.  She escapes to search for her brothers who are working on the demotion of the bridge.
John Kazek as Yorgo (Series 3): An eastern European gangmaster who supplies illegal labour for the bridge demolition.
Gordon Tootoosis as Joe Saugus (Series 3): A Native American chief who travels to the UK to procure the bridge, to be rebuilt on his reservation to bring trade to his casino.
Aleksandar Mikich as Dhori (Series 3): Irena's brother.
Dragan Mićanović as Kadi (Series 3): Originally introduced as Barry's brother-in-law and business partner, it is revealed he is in fact Tatiana's lover and he has been using the business as a front for a drug smuggling operation.
Sandra James-Young as Chrissie (Series 4)
Caroline Harker as Pru Scott-Johns (Series 4)
Clive Russell as Gary Turnbull (Series 4)
Alexander Hanson as Tarquin Pearce (Series 4 & special)
Javier Alcina as Raúl Ortiz (Series 4)
David Cheung as Michael Goy (Series 4)
Hector Then as Neville's Minder (Series 4)

text: Music[edit]

text: The opening and closing credits for the first two series were each accompanied by songs performed by Joe Fagin. In series one "Breakin' Away", written by David Mackay and Ian La Frenais, accompanied the opening credits. Ken Ashby collaborated with Mackay on "That's Livin' Alright", a song that closed each episode. The songs were released as a 7" single, and reached number three in the UK Singles Chart in January 1984.[5] It was reissued in 1995 when the show was repeated on Channel 4.[citation needed] With new lyrics by Jimmy Lawless, Fagin released a special version of "That's Livin' Alright" for England's national football team's 2006 FIFA World Cup campaign. "That's England Alright" was released on 5 June 2006.[5][6]

text: Mackay and La Frenais also collaborated on "Get it Right", the song used for the opening credits of series two. Like the first series, Ken Ashby collaborated with Mackay for series two's closing credits song, "Back With the Boys Again". The two tracks were released together as a double-sided single, but only reached number 53 in the UK charts in April 1986.[7]

text:
The tradition of using two separate songs was broken when the BBC revived the show. Instrumental music opened each episode of the third series. However, the closing credits were accompanied by Mark Knopfler's song "Why Aye Man", taken from his album The Ragpicker's Dream. Incidental music was used for the fourth series and for the special. However, when the character of Dennis reveals a photograph of all of the original group taken in Germany, "Breakin' Away" begins and continues over the final credits of the show.
A CD is now available entitled 'The Best of Auf Wiedersehen, Pet One & Two' and contains 29 tracks of vocal music and instrumentals.

text: Commercial availability and repeat broadcasts[edit]

text: Auf Wiedersehen, Pet is available on DVD in the UK and US as boxsets and single discs with three episodes on each. The show was largely repeated on ITV1 and ITV4 but the show has not been re-run on these channels since 2008. The programme was shown on Men & Motors for a while, but the channel has since closed. In June 2012, Digital Channel Yesterday picked up the rights to repeat the first three series of the show; these were then shown at 10 am and 4 pm on Weekdays. Yesterday had to edit the third series' episodes to fit into their timing schedules; therefore instead of them being 60 minutes in length they were reduced to 45 minutes. This was not apparent with the repeats of the first two series. In January 2013, Yesterday bought the fourth series but, again due to timing, these were also edited from 60 to 45 minutes, meaning several parts of the storyline been cut. From July 2013, Drama picked up the rights to rerun the series as part of its schedules. In January 2017, it was repeated on Yesterday again.

text: DVD releases[edit]

text:
The Complete First Series was released in a Carry - Case Boxed Set on 27 May 2002 by Carlton.
The Complete Second Series was released in a Boxset on 8 July 2002 by Carlton.
The Complete Series 1 & 2 Boxset was released on 7 October 2002 by Carlton.
The Complete Brand New Series was released on DVD & VHS on 18 November 2002 by VCI.
The Complete Fourth Series was released on DVD on 9 February 2004 by VCI.
The Special was Released on DVD on 10 January 2005 by VCI.
The Complete Series 1 & 2 was re-issued by ITV Studios Home Entertainment on 1 September 2008.