document_title: Anterior communicating artery

question_text: where is the anterior communicating artery in the brain

root

text: Anterior communicating artery

text:
Anterior communicating artery
The cerebral arterial circle and arteries of the brain.  The anterior communicating arteries (top of figure) connect the left and right anterior cerebral arteries.DetailsIdentifiersLatin
Arteria communicans anteriorTA
A12.2.07.029FMA
50169
Anatomical terminology[edit on Wikidata]

tag: table

text: In human anatomy, the anterior communicating artery is a blood vessel of the brain that connects the left and right anterior cerebral arteries.

tag: p

text: The anterior communicating artery connects the two anterior cerebral arteries across the commencement of the longitudinal fissure. Sometimes this vessel is wanting, the two arteries joining together to form a single trunk, which afterward divides; or it may be wholly, or partially, divided into two. Its length averages about 4 mm, but varies greatly. It gives off some of the anteromedial ganglionic vessels, but these are principally derived from the anterior cerebral artery.

text: It is part of the cerebral arterial circle, also known as the circle of Willis.

text: Pathology[edit]

text: Aneurysms of the anterior communicating artery are the most common circle of Willis aneurysm[1] and can cause visual field defects such as bitemporal heteronymous hemianopsia (due to compression of the optic chiasm),[2] psychopathology and frontal lobe pathology.[3]


document_title: History of the roller coaster

question_text: what's the oldest roller coaster in the united states

question_tokens: what 's the oldest roller coaster in the united states

text: History of the roller coaster

text: History[edit]

text: Beginnings[edit]

text: The world's oldest roller coasters descended from the "Russian Mountains," which were specially constructed hills of snow [1] located in the gardens of palaces around the Russian capital, Saint Petersburg, in the 18th century. This attraction was called a Katalnaya Gorka or "sliding mountain" in Russian. The slides were built to a height of between 70 feet (21 m) and 80 feet (24 m), had a 50 degree drop, and were reinforced by wooden supports. Sometimes wheeled carts were used instead of sleds. These slides became popular with the Russian upper class, and with Catherine II of Russia herself, who had such mountains built in the gardens of the Oranienbaum Palace near St. Petersburg, with a pavilion next to it for drinking tea after the sliding. "Russian mountains" remains the term for roller coasters in many languages, such as Spanish (la montaña rusa), Italian (montagne russe), and French (les montagnes russes). Ironically, the Russian term for roller coaster, американские горки (amerikanskie gorki), translates literally as "American mountains."[2]

text: Russian soldiers occupying Paris from 1815 through 1816, after the defeat of Napoleon at Waterloo, may have introduced the Russian amusement of sledding down steep hills.[3] In July 1817, a French banker named Nicolas Beaujon opened the Parc Beaujon, an amusement park on the Champs Elysees. Its most famous feature was the Promenades Aériennes or "Aerial Strolls." [4] It featured wheeled cars securely locked to the track, guide rails to keep them on course, and higher speeds. [5] The three-wheel carts were towed to the top of a tower, and then released to descend two curving tracks on either side. King Louis XVIII of France came to see the park, but it is not recorded if he tried the ride. Before long there were seven similar rides in Paris: Les Montagnes françaises (The French Mountains), le Delta, les Montagnes de Belleville (The Mountains of Belleville), les Montagnes américaines (the American Mountains), Les Montages lilliputiennes, (The miniature mountains), Les Montagnes susses (The Swiss mountains) and Les Montagnes égyptiennes (The Egyptian mountains).[3]

text: In the beginning, these attractions were primarily for the upper classes. In 1845 a new amusement park opened in Copenhagen, Tivoli, which was designed for the middle class. These new parks featured roller coasters as permanent attractions. The first permanent loop track was probably also built in Paris from an English design in 1846, with a single-person wheeled sled running through a 13-foot (4 m) diameter vertical loop. These early single loop designs were called Centrifugal Railways. In 1887, a French entrepreneur, Joseph Oller, the owner of the Moulin Rouge music halll, built Les Montagnes Russes à Belleville (The Russian Mountains of Belleville) a permanent roller coaster with a length of two hundred meters in the form of a double-eight, later enlarged to four figure-eight-shaped loops.[3]

text: Scenic railways[edit]

text: In the 1850s, a mining company in Summit Hill, Pennsylvania constructed the Mauch Chunk gravity railroad, a brakeman-controlled, 8.7 mile (14 km) downhill track used to deliver coal to Mauch Chunk (now known as Jim Thorpe), Pennsylvania.[6] By 1872, the "Gravity Road" (as it became known) was selling rides to thrill seekers. Railway companies used similar tracks to provide amusement on days when ridership was low.

text: Using this idea as a basis, LaMarcus Adna Thompson began work on a gravity Switchback Railway that opened at Coney Island in Brooklyn, New York in 1884.[7] Passengers climbed to the top of a platform and rode a bench-like car down the 600 ft (180 m) track up to the top of another tower where the vehicle was switched to a return track and the passengers took the return trip.[8] This track design was soon replaced with an oval complete circuit.[9] In 1885, Phillip Hinkle introduced the first complete-circuit coaster with a lift hill, the Gravity Pleasure Road, which became the most popular attraction at Coney Island.[9] Not to be outdone, in 1886 LaMarcus Adna Thompson patented his design for a roller coaster that included dark tunnels with painted scenery. "Scenic Railways" were soon found in amusement parks across the county,[9] with Frederick Ingersoll's construction company building many of them in the first two decades of the 20th century.

text: Growing popularity and innovations[edit]

text: As it grew in popularity, experimentation in coaster dynamics took off. In the 1880s the concept of a vertical loop was again explored by Lina Beecher, and in 1895 the concept came into fruition with the Flip Flap Railway, located at Sea Lion Park in Brooklyn, and shortly afterward with Loop the Loop at Olentangy Park near Columbus, Ohio as well as similar coasters in Atlantic City and Coney Island. The rides were incredibly dangerous, and many passengers suffered whiplash. Both were soon dismantled, and looping coasters had to wait for over a half century before making a reappearance.

text: By 1919, the first underfriction roller coaster had been developed by John Miller.[10] Soon, roller coasters spread to amusement parks all around the world. Perhaps the best known historical roller coaster, The Cyclone, was opened at Coney Island in 1927. Like The Cyclone, all early roller coasters were made of wood. Many old wooden roller coasters are still operational, at parks such as Kennywood near Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania and Pleasure Beach Blackpool, England. The oldest operating roller coaster is Leap-The-Dips at Lakemont Park in Pennsylvania, a side friction roller coaster built in 1902. The oldest wooden roller coaster in the United Kingdom is the Scenic Railway at Dreamland Amusement Park in Margate, Kent and features a system where the brakeman rides the car with wheels. It was severely damaged by fire on April 7, 2008, but was subsequently restored and reopened to the public in 2015.[11] Scenic Railway at Melbourne's Luna Park built in 1912, is the world's oldest continually-operating roller coaster, and it also still features a system where the brakeman rides the car with wheels. One of only 13 remaining examples of John Miller's work worldwide is the wooden roller coaster at Lagoon in Utah. The coaster opened in 1921 and is the 6th oldest coaster in the world.[12]

text: The Great Depression marked the end of the golden age of roller coasters, as amusement parks generally went into a decline that resulted in less demand for new coasters. This lasted until 1972, when The Racer opened at Kings Island amusement park located in what was then a part of Deerfield Township in Warren County, Ohio. Designed by John C. Allen, the instant success of The Racer helped to ignite a renaissance for roller coasters, reviving worldwide interest throughout the industry.

text: The rise of steel[edit]

text: In 1959, the Disneyland theme park introduced a new design breakthrough in roller coasters with the Matterhorn Bobsleds. This was the first roller coaster to use a tubular steel track. Unlike conventional wooden rails, which are generally formed using steel strips mounted on laminated wood, tubular steel can be bent in any direction, which allows designers to incorporate loops, corkscrews, and many other maneuvers into their designs. Most modern roller coasters are made of steel, although wooden roller coasters are still being built along with hybrids of steel and wood.

text: In 1975 the first modern-day roller coaster to perform an inverting element opened: Corkscrew, located at Knott's Berry Farm in Buena Park, California. In 1976 the vertical loop made a permanent comeback with the Great American Revolution at Magic Mountain in Valencia, California.

text: New designs and technologies are pushing the limits of what can be experienced on the newest coasters. Flying coasters like Tatsu and electromagnetically-launched coasters like Maverick are examples of the latest generation of technologically advanced coasters.

text: Timeline of notable roller coasters[edit]

text: The roller coasters mentioned here are significant for their role in the amusement industry. They were notable for specific reasons, including:

text:
First coaster of a specific kind, style, manufacturing material or unique technology; ground-breaking
First time a particular record-breaking threshold was crossed
Historical significance

tag: ul

text: 1800 to 1899[edit]

text:
First coaster featuring cars that locked onto track: Les Montagnes Russes à Belleville (Russian Mountains of Belleville), Paris, France.
First coaster to feature two cars racing each other: Les Montagnes Russes à Belleville.
First complete-circuit coaster: Promenades Aériennes (The Aerial Walk), Paris.

text: First scenic gravity railroad (inspiration for first American coasters): Mauch Chunk Switchback Gravity Railroad, Jim Thorpe, Pennsylvania, United States.[9]

text: First looping coaster (non-circuit): Centrifugal Railway, Frascati Garden, Paris.[13]

text: First use of powered chainlift: Gravity Pleasure, Coney Island, Brooklyn, New York.[9]

text: 1900 to 1969[edit]

text:
Leap-The-Dips opens at Lakemont Park, Altoona, Pennsylvania. It is today the world's oldest operating wooden coaster (it was closed from 1985 until 1999).[9]
Cannon Coaster opens at Coney Island. The designer first attempts to "leap-the-gap" and create a coaster which has its cars jump over a gap in the track. Safety testing fails, and the idea is scrapped.[9]

text: First use of lapbar: Drop the Dip, Coney Island.[14]

text: Scenic Railway opens at Luna Park, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia. Today it is the world's oldest continually-operating roller coaster.

text: First coaster with a möbius-style track: Derby Racer, Euclid Beach Park, Cleveland, Ohio, United States.

text: First coaster to reach 100 feet: Cyclone, Revere Beach, Revere, Massachusetts, United States.

text: First junior steel coaster: Little Dipper, Memphis Kiddie Park, Brooklyn, Ohio, United States. It is the world's oldest operating junior steel coaster.

text: First tubular steel coaster: Matterhorn Bobsleds, Disneyland, Anaheim, California, United States. Today it is the world's oldest operating tubular steel coaster.[9]

text: First coaster to feature an underwater tunnel: Mine Train, Six Flags Over Texas.

text: 1970 to 1979[edit]

text: First enclosed coaster: Fire In The Hole, Silver Dollar City, Branson, Missouri, United States.

text: First "modern" coaster with inversions (two): Corkscrew, Knott's Berry Farm, Buena Park, California.[13]

text: First "modern" coaster with a vertical loop: Revolution, Six Flags Magic Mountain, Valencia, California.[13]

text: First coaster with three inversions: Corkscrew, Cedar Point, Sandusky, Ohio, United States.[13]

text: First shuttle coaster: Although six opened the same year, White Lightnin', at Carowinds, is likely to have opened first, given the park's southern location and longer operating season.

text: First coaster with interlocking loops: Loch Ness Monster, Busch Gardens Williamsburg, Williamsburg, Virginia, United States

text: The Beast: opened as the tallest, fastest and longest wooden coaster. Today it is still the longest wooden roller coaster in the world.

text: 1980 to 1989[edit]

text: First coaster with four inversions: Carolina Cyclone, Carowinds, North Carolina and South Carolina, United States.[13]

text:
First coaster manufactured by Vekoma: Python, Efteling, Kaatsheuvel, Netherlands.
First modern suspended roller coaster: The Bat, Kings Island, Mason, Ohio, United States.

text: First coaster with five inversions: Viper, Darien Lake, Darien, New York.[13]

text:
First coaster to operate vehicles in reverse: Racer, Kings Island.
First coaster to run stand-up trains: Dangai, Thrill Valley, Gotemba, Shizuoka, Japan.

text: First alpine coaster: Ice Mountain Bobsleds, Enchanted Forest, Turner, Oregon, United States.

text: First Boomerang Coaster: "Boomerang", Bellewaerde Park, Belgium. (It was the second to be built, but the first to open to the public.)[15]

text: First coaster with heartline roll: Ultra Twister, Nagashima Spa Land, Mie Prefecture, Japan.[16]

text: First coaster with six inversions: Vortex, Kings Island.[13]

text: First coaster with seven inversions: Shockwave, Six Flags Great America, Gurnee, Illinois, United States.[13]

text: First complete-circuit coaster to exceed 200 feet (61 m) in height: Magnum XL-200, Cedar Point.

text: 1990 to 1999[edit]

text: First coaster designed by Bolliger & Mabillard: Iron Wolf, Six Flags Great America, Gurnee, Illinois, United States.

text:
First inverted coaster: Batman: The Ride, Six Flags Great America.
First coaster with a cutback inversion: Drachen Fire, Busch Gardens Williamsburg, Williamsburg, Virginia, United States.

text:
First coaster with eight inversions: Dragon Khan, PortAventura, Salou, Tarragona, Spain.[13]
First use of on-board audio: Space Mountain, Disneyland Park, Paris.

text: First coasters to use a linear motor electromagnetic propulsion system: Flight of Fear, at both Kings Island and Kings Dominion.

text:
First coaster to reach 100 miles per hour (160 km/h): Tower of Terror II, Dreamworld, Australia.
First coaster (non-complete circuit) over 400 feet (120 m) tall: Superman: Escape From Krypton, Six Flags Magic Mountain, California.
First flying coaster: Skytrak Total, Granada Studios, Manchester, United Kingdom.

text:
First Dive coaster: Oblivion, Alton Towers, Alton, Staffordshire, United Kingdom.
First linear motor launched inverted coaster: Volcano, The Blast Coaster, Kings Dominion.
First linear motor launched dueling coaster: Batman & Robin: The Chiller, Six Flags Great Adventure, Jackson Township, New Jersey, United States.

text:
First floorless coaster: Medusa, Six Flags Great Adventure.
First tire-propelled launch system: Incredible Hulk Coaster, Islands of Adventure, Orlando, Florida, United States.
First inverted dueling coaster: Dragon Challenge, Islands of Adventure.

text: 2000 to 2009[edit]

text:
First complete-circuit coaster to exceed 300 feet (91 m) in height: Millennium Force, Cedar Point.
First coaster to use an elevator cable lift system: Millennium Force.
First modern wooden coaster with vertical loop: "Son of Beast", Kings Island. (Note: After an accident on July 9, 2006 the loop was removed.[13])
First wooden coaster over 200 feet (60.96 m) tall: Son of Beast.
First large-scale flying roller coaster, Stealth, California's Great America

text:
First coaster with a 90° vertical drop: Dodonpa, Fuji-Q Highland, Fujiyoshida, Yamanashi, Japan.
First coaster to use pneumatic propulsion system: Hypersonic XLC, Kings Dominion.
First coaster to feature both a lift hill and propulsion system: California Screamin', Disney California Adventure Park, Anaheim, California, United States.

text:
First coaster to use a hydraulic propulsion system: Xcelerator, Knott's Berry Farm.
First coaster with ten inversions: Colossus, Thorpe Park, Chertsey, Surrey, United Kingdom.[13]
First coaster with seats that rotate on a horizontal axis (4th Dimension roller coaster): X², Six Flags Magic Mountain.

text:
First complete-circuit coaster to exceed 400 feet (120 m) in height: Top Thrill Dragster, Cedar Point.
First coaster with a more than 90° vertical drop (97°): Vild-Svinet, BonBon-Land, Zealand, Denmark.
First coaster to utilize a vertical lift (not considered an elevator lift): Vild-Svinet, BonBon-Land.

text: First coaster with a "fly-through" station: Thunderhead, Dollywood, Pigeon Forge, Tennessee, United States.

text: Kingda Ka opens as the tallest roller coaster in the world.

text: Expedition Everest opened at Disney's Animal Kingdom. It is listed in the 2011 Guinness Book of World Records as the most expensive roller coaster in the world; a record which still holds.

text: First coaster with a "ferris wheel"-style lift hill: Maximum RPM!, Freestyle Music Park, Myrtle Beach, South Carolina, United States.

text: First coaster with a 100° free-fall drop: Saw: The Ride, Thorpe Park, Surrey, United Kingdom

text: 2010 to 2014[edit]

text:
First coaster with a vertical freefall drop element: Th13teen, Alton Towers, Staffordshire, United Kingdom
Formula Rossa opens as the fastest roller coaster in the world.

text:
First wing coaster: Raptor, Gardaland, Castelnuovo del Garda, Italy.
First Family Boomerang coaster without any inversions: Ben 10 – Ultimate Mission, Drayton Manor Theme Park, Tamworth, Staffordshire, England
First coaster with a record-breaking 121° free-fall drop: Takabisha, Fuji-Q Highland, Fujiyoshida, Yamanashi, Japan

text:
First wooden coaster with three inversions: Outlaw Run, Silver Dollar City, Branson, Missouri, United States.
First coaster with 14 inversions: The Smiler, Alton Towers, Staffordshire, United Kingdom.
First coaster with top hat attached onto the loop: Full Throttle, Six Flags Magic Mountain, Valencia, California, United States.

text: First coaster with a tilting vehicle: Seven Dwarfs Mine Train, Walt Disney World, Orlando, Florida, United States


document_title: Cardoso (surname)

question_text: where does the last name cardozo come from

text: Cardoso (surname)

text: Cardoso, sometimes in the archaic spelling Cardozo, is a Portuguese surname. Notable people with the surname include:

text:
Anderson Sebastião Cardoso (born 1981), Brazilian central defender
Antonio Dias Cardoso (1933–2006), Angolan politician and writer
Amadeo de Souza Cardoso (1887–1918), Portuguese painter
Sidónio Bernardino Cardoso da Silva Pais (1872–1918), Portuguese politician and President (1918)
Bill Cardoso (1937-2006), American journalist
Bruno Cortez Cardoso (born 1984), Brazilian goalkeeper
Carlos Cardoso (disambiguation)
Celina Cardoso
Daniel Cardoso (born 1981), Portuguese musician
Elijah Aboab Cardoso, 17c philanthropist and founder of the Hamburg synagogue
Elizete Cardoso (1920–1990), Brazilian singer and actress
Esther Cardoso, Cuban film and theatre actress, produce, director and educator
Fábio Cardoso (born 1994), Portuguese footballer
Fernando Henrique Cardoso (born 1930), President of Brasil in the 1995-2003 period
Guilherme Conceição Cardoso (born 1983), Brazilian defensive midfielder
Inácio do Nascimento de Morais Cardoso (1811–1883), Portuguese cardinal
Isaac Cardoso (died 1683), Jewish physician, philosopher, and polemic writer
Jonatas Oliveira Cardoso (born 1983), Brazilian striker
Jorge Cardoso (born 1949), Argentinian classical guitarist and composer
José Cardoso Pires (1925–98), Portuguese author
Jose Luis Cardoso (born 1975), Spanish motorcycle racer
Laura Cardoso (born 1927), Brazilian actress
Manuel Cardoso (1566–1650), Portuguese composer
Marcel Silva Cardoso (born 1983), Brazilian left back
Miguel Esteves Cardoso (born 1955), Portuguese writer, translator, critic and journalist
Patricia Cardoso, Colombian-American film director
Rodolfo Esteban Cardoso (born 1968), Argentine footballer and manager
Rodolfo Tan Cardoso (1937–2013), Filipino chess player
Rodrigo de Souza Cardoso (born 1982), Brazilian footballer
Ruth Cardoso (1930–2008), Brazilian sociologist and author, wife of Fernando Henrique Cardoso
Tiago Cardoso, Brazilian footballer
Waldemar Levy Cardoso (born 1900), Brazilian military officer
Zélia Cardoso de Mello (born 1953), Brazilian economist, former Minister of Economy

text: This page lists people with the surname Cardoso. If an internal link intending to refer to a specific person led you to this page, you may wish to change that link by adding the person's given name(s) to the link.

text: SurnamesPortuguese-language surnamesGalician-language surnames

text: All set index articles


document_title: Judy Hensler

question_text: who played judy hensler on leave it to beaver

text: Judy Hensler

text:
Judy Hensler

Jeri Weil as Judy Hensler

First appearance
"Beaver Gets 'Spelled" (October 4, 1957)

Created by
Bob Mosher
Joe Connelly

Portrayed by
Jeri Weil

Information

Gender
Female

text: Judy Hensler is a fictional character in the American television sitcom Leave It to Beaver. The show aired from October 4, 1957 to June 20, 1963. Judy is a recurring character portrayed by Jeri Weil. She appeared in 31 of the show's 234 episodes, between October 1957 and October 1960.

text: Profile[edit]

text: Judy Hensler is a classmate of the series' hero, "Beaver" Cleaver. She makes her first appearance in the premiere episode, "Beaver Gets 'Spelled", as a student in Miss Canfield's second grade class. Judy is a goody-goody who snitches on her school fellows, especially Beaver. In one episode, she believes Beaver is Miss Canfield's pet and urges him to prove her wrong by putting a spring-action snake in the teacher's desk drawer. Beaver does and regrets it. In another episode, Beaver begs his parents to buy him a sweater in a shop window. They buy it and Beaver wears it to school, only to discover Judy has the same sweater. Believing he has bought a girl's sweater, Beaver stuffs the sweater behind a candy machine at the movie theater and then faces discipline at home. On the show, Judy is rarely seen outside the classroom. She tries to curry favor with her teachers, but they are aware of her deviousness and keep her in check. Judy's parents are seen briefly in an episode about Beaver's being chosen to perform in a school play as a canary. Her last appearance is in the episode, "Beaver Becomes a Hero" (October 1960). She was later dropped and replaced by Penny Woods, who becomes Beaver's new nemesis. However unlike Judy, Penny becomes his frenemy and constant love-hate-relationship love interest.


document_title: List of Little House on the Prairie characters

question_text: who played jenny wilder on little house on the prairie

text: Television series characters[edit]

text: The Ingalls family[edit]

text:
Name
Seasons
No. ofepisodes
Portrayer
Character summary

Charles Ingalls
1–9
161
Michael Landon
Farmer; husband and father

Caroline Ingalls
1–8
172
Karen Grassle
Wife and mother

Laura Ingalls Wilder
1–9
190
Melissa Gilbert
Daughter; later Almanzo's wife and Rose's mother; nicknamed "Half-pint" by Charles and "Beth" by Almanzo

Mary Ingalls
1–8
133
Melissa Sue Anderson
Oldest child

Carrie Ingalls
1–8
164
Lindsay and Sidney Greenbush
Daughter, youngest child at the beginning of the series

Charles Ingalls Jr.
1
2
Unknown
Son, died as an infant

Grace Ingalls
5–8
60
Wendi and Brenda Turnbaugh
Youngest child

Albert (Quinn) Ingalls
5–9
89
Matthew Labyorteaux
Son, adopted after spending many years in orphanages and on the streets

James (Cooper) Ingalls
7–8
21
Jason Bateman
Son, adopted after first parents were killed in a wagon accident

Cassandra (Cooper) Ingalls
7–8
21
Missy Francis
Daughter, adopted after first parents were killed in a wagon accident

Rose Wilder
8–9
17
Jennifer and Michele Steffin
Granddaughter, daughter of Laura and Almanzo

text: The in-laws[edit]

text:
Name
Seasons
No. ofepisodes
Portrayer
Character summary

Almanzo Wilder
6–9
65
Dean Butler
Farmer; Laura's husband (season 7); Rose's father; nicknamed "Manly" by Laura

Adam Kendall
4–8
35
Linwood Boomer
Teacher of the blind; Mary’s husband (season 5)

Adam Kendall Jr.
6
3
Unknown
Adam and Mary's son; dies in fire with Alice Garvey

Jenny Wilder
9
18
Shannen Doherty
Almanzo's niece, whom he gets custody of after his brother/her father Royal dies

Eliza Jane Wilder
6–8
14
Lucy Lee Flippin
Teacher; Almanzo's older sister

text: Townsfolk[edit]

text:
Name
Seasons
No. ofepisodes
Portrayer
Character summary

Nels Oleson
1–9
147
Richard Bull
Mercantile proprietor; husband and father

Harriet Oleson
1–9
153
Katherine MacGregor
Mercantile proprietor; wife and mother

Nellie Oleson
1–9
104
Alison Arngrim
Oldest child of Nels and Harriet

Willie Oleson
1–9
140
Jonathan Gilbert
Son of Nels and Harriet

Nancy Oleson
8–9
33
Allison Balson
Daughter of Nels and Harriet, adopted from orphanage

Percival Dalton/Isaac Cohen
6–7
11
Steve Tracy
Nellie’s husband

Rachel Brown Oleson
9
2
Sherri Stoner
Willie’s wife

Dr. Hiram Baker
1–9
113
Kevin Hagen
Town physician

Reverend Robert Alden
1–9
76
Dabbs Greer
Church minister

Melinda Foster
1–9
61
Ruth Foster
Post office manager

Isaiah Edwards
1–3, 6, 8–9
52
Victor French
Charles’s best friend

Grace Snider Edwards
1–6
23
Bonnie Bartlett / Corinne Camacho
Wife of Isaiah Edwards

John Sanderson Edwards
2–4
8
Radames Pera
Oldest child of Isaiah & Grace Edwards, adopted after first mother died

Alicia Sanderson Edwards
2–3, 5, 8
19
Kyle Richards
Youngest child of Isaiah & Grace Edwards, adopted after first mother died

Carl Sanderson Edwards
2–4
19
Brian Part
Middle child of Isaiah & Grace Edwards, adopted after first mother died

Matthew Rogers
9
5
Jonathan Hall Kovacs
Young boy that is taken care of by Isaiah Edwards (season 9)

Jonathan Garvey
4–7
51
Merlin Olsen
Farmer; husband and father

Alice Garvey
4–6
33
Hersha Parady
Wife and mother; teacher; dies in fire with Adam Kendall Jr.

Andy Garvey
4–7
43
Patrick Labyorteaux
Son of Jonathan and Alice

Eva Beadle Simms
1–4
45
Charlotte Stewart
School teacher

Adam Simms
4
2
Joshua Bryant
Miss Beadle's husband

Lars Hanson
1–5
41
Karl Swenson
Lumber mill owner; a founder of Walnut Grove

Hester-Sue Terhune
4–9
40
Ketty Lester
Head of the school for the blind

John Carter
9
19
Stan Ivar
Blacksmith; husband and father

Sarah Carter
9
15
Pamela Roylance
Starts a newspaper; wife and mother

Jeb Carter
9
18
Lindsay Kennedy
Older son of John and Sarah

Jason Carter
9
18
David Friedman
Younger son of John and Sarah

Susan Goodspeed
4–7
16
Michelle Downey
Student at the school for the blind

Etta Plum
9
15
Leslie Landon
School teacher

Christy Kennedy
1–2
10
Tracie Savage
Schoolgirl

Sandy Kennedy
1
4
Robert Hoffman
Schoolboy; Christy's brother

Hans Dorfler
1–4, 6
9
Jim Jeter
Resident of Walnut Grove; a stable-owner

Bill Anderson
6–9
6
Sam Edwards
Banker of Walnut Grove

Joe Kagan
4–5, 7
5
Moses Gunn
Aging boxer who retires to farm life in Walnut Grove

Judd Larrabee
4–5
5
Don "Red" Barry
Resident of Walnut Grove

Mrs. Amanda "May" Whipple
1–4
5
Queenie Smith
Resident of Walnut Grove; local seamstress

Mr. Kennedy
1
4
Wayne Heffley
Resident of Walnut Grove; father of Christy and Sandy

Mrs. Kennedy
1–2
3
Eileen Ryan (season 1),Janice Carroll (season 2)
Resident of Walnut Grove; mother of Christy and Sandy

Ebenezer Sprague
2–3
4
Ted Gehring
Banker of Walnut Grove

Houston Lamb
6–7
4
Dub Taylor
Works and lives at the school for the blind in Sleepy Eye

Henry Riley
4–9
15
Dan McBride
recurring role - customer in Nellie's Restaurant arguing

Kezia Horn
4–5
3
Hermione Baddeley
Resident of Walnut Grove and friend of Laura and Albert

text: Non-recurring characters[edit]

text: Season one[edit]

text:
Episode 6
Miss Amy Hearn (played by Josephine Hutchinson)
Episode 7
Olga Nordstrom (played by Kim Richards)
Episode 9
Abel Makay (played by Dirk Blocker)
Episode 11
Tinker Jones (played by Chuck McCann)
Episode 14
Jonathan (played by Ernest Borgnine)
Episode 19
Willie O'Hara (played by Red Buttons)
Episode 20
Graham Stewart (played by Johnny Lee)
John Stewart (played by Harris Yulin)
Episode 21
Trudy Coulter (played by Julie Cobb)
Joseph Coulter (played by Alan Fudge)
Episode 22
Jack Lame Horse (played by Robert Tessier)
Marshal Anders (played by Jack Ging)
Episode 23
Hiram Johnson (played by Hal Bokar)
Mimi (played by Jane Alice Brandon)
Episode 24
Jim Tyler (played by Forrest Tucker)
Helen Tyler (played by Ann Doran)

text: Season two[edit]

text:
Episode 4
Jebediah Mumfort (played by Karl Lukas)
Margaret Mumfort (played by June Dayton)
Slick McBurney (played by Gregory Walcott)
Episode 5
Amos Pike (played by John Anderson)
Episode 7
Julia Sanderson (played by Patricia Neal)
Episode 10
Jonah (played by Shane Sinutko)
Episode 17
Hannibal Applewood (played by Richard Basehart)
Episode 18
Henry Hill (played by Louis Gossett Jr)
Episode 19
Elizabeth Thurman (played by Mariette Hartley)
Episode 20
Yuli Pyatakov (played by Theodore Bikel)
Viktor Pyatakov (played by Ike Eisenmann)
Fanya Pyatakov (played by Lisa Pera)
Episode 21
Granville Whipple (played by Richard Mulligan)

text: Season three[edit]

text:
Episode 1
Caleb Hodgekiss (played by Johnny Cash)
Mattie Hodgekiss (played by June Carter Cash)
Episode 4
Wendell Loudy (played by John Ireland)
Episode 6
Young Charles Ingalls (played by Matthew Labyorteaux)
Lansford Ingalls (played by Arthur Hill)
Laura Colby Ingalls (played by Jan Sterling)
Eliza Ann Ingalls (played by Hersha Parady)
Peter Ingalls (played by Mark Lenard)
Episode 9
Bubba Galinder (played by Michael LeClair)
George Galinder (played by Roy Jenson)
Sam Galinder (played by Geoffrey Lewis)
Episode 10
Sam Shelby (played by Burl Ives)
Episode 14
Ginny Clark (played by Rachel Longaker)
Harold Mayfield (played by Warren Vanders)
Della Clark (played by Kay Peters)
Episode 15
Joseph Spotted Eagle Stokes (played by Caesar Ramirez)
Seth (played by Willie Aames)
Jeremy Stokes (played by George Murdock)
Episode 18
Solomon Henry (played by Todd Bridges)
Mrs. Henry (played by Maidie Norman)
Jackson Henry (played by David Downing)
Kramer (played by Frederic Downs)
Dr. Tane (played by Don Pedro Colley)
Episode 19
Anna Gillberg (played by Katy Kurtzman)
Episode 20
Elmer Dobkins (played by Eric Olson)
Sam Dobkins (played by Charles Aidman)
Ellen Dobkins (played by Mitzi Hoag)
Episode 21
Zachariah (played by E.J. Andre)
Rev. Phillips (played by Larry Golden)
Ben Griffin (played by Larry Pennell)

text: Season four[edit]

text:
Episode 3
Ellen Taylor (played by Mia Bendixsen)
Eloise Taylor (played by Corinne Michaels)
Cal Taylor (played by James Wainwright)
Episode 4
Chris Nelson (played by Gil Gerard)
Episode 6
Bailey Farrell (played by Bernard Behrens)
Timothy Farrell (played by Johnny Doran)
Episode 7
Stanley Novack (played by Michael Pataki)
Beth Novack (played by Collin Wilcox)
Jed Haney (played by Eddie Quillan)
Dr. Asa T Logan (played by Burr DeBenning)
Episode 8
Mr. Dankworth (played by Dennis Rucker)
Mr. Hobbs (played by John Bennett Perry)
Bob Ford (played by Tony Marks)
Lewis Ford (played by Frank Marth)
Episode 9
Judge Picker (played by Eddie Quillan)
Episode 14
Samantha Higgins (played by Seeley Ann Thumann)
Jimmy Hill (played by Chris Petersen)
Episode 15
Nats Rachel Peal (played by Anita Dangler)
Caleb Fisher (played by John McLiam)
Katie Fisher (played by Linda McMillan)
Ellen Fisher (played by Dee Croxton)
Episode 16
Jordan Harrison (played by Ronnie Scribner)
Young Caroline (played by Katy Kurtzman)
Younger Laura Colby Ingalls (played by Sarah Miller)
Mr. Watson (played by Sorrell Booke)
Harold Watson (played by Adam Gunn)
Peter Ingalls (played by David Considine)
Henry Quiner-Holbrook (played by Gregg Forrest)
Polly Ingalls (played by Robin Muir)
Eliza Ann Quiner-Holbrook (played by Kristi Jill Wood)
Lansford Ingalls (played by Nicolas Coster)
Charlotte Holbrook (played by Virginia Kiser)
Young Charles Ingalls (played by Matthew Labyorteaux)
Episode 17
Bobby Harris (played by Michael Mullins)
Anna Mears (played by Lenora May)
Shaniel Mears (played by Donald Moffat)
Rev. Pritchard (played by Woodrow Parfrey)
Episode 21
Dr. Burke (played by Ford Rainey)
Miseth Barton (played by Rob Kenneally)

text: Season five[edit]

text:
Episode 4
John Bevins (played by Cliff Emmich)
Bess Bevins (played by Kate Woodville)
Amelia Bevins (played by Julie Ann Haddock)
Episode 5
Toby Noe (played by Ray Bolger)
Episode 8
Erich Schiller (played by Ike Eisenmann)
Otto Schiller (played by King Moody)
Anna Schiller (played by Lisa Pera)
Episode 15
Isaac Singerman (played by John Bleifer)
Aaron Singerman (played by Alvin Kupperman)
Episode 18
Miss Elliot (played by Ellen Regan)
Holly (played by Martha Nix)
Giles Kendall (played by Philip Abbott)
Episode 20
Adele Larrabee (played by Joan Tompkins—wife of Karl Swenson)
Episode 22
Leslie Harper (played by Jenny Sullivan)
Samantha Harper (played by Kyle Richards)
Bret Harper (played by Charles Cioffi)
Thomas Harper (played by Bobby Rolofson)
Episode 24
Dylan Whitaker (played by Steve Shaw)

text: Season six[edit]

text:
Episode 3
Jeremy Quinn (played by Michael Pataki)
Episode 6
Russell Harmon (played by William Schallert)
Anna Craig Alden (played by Iris Korn)
Episode 9
Milo Stavroupolis (played by Leo Gordon)
Anna Stavroupolis (played by Nora Meerbaum)
Episode 10
Rev. Danforth (played by James Olson)
Episode 12
Harold (played by Royal Dano)
Episode 13
Tod Dortmunder (played by Timothy Wead)
Brewster Davenport (played by Malcolm Atterbury)
Virginia Davenport (played by Susan French)
Episode 20
Penelope Parker (played by Stacey Sipes)
Episode 21
Molly Reardon (played by Suzanne Rogers)
Episode 22
Miss Trimble (played by Lucille Benson)

text: Season seven[edit]

text:
Episode 1
Harv Miller (played by James Cromwell)
Episode 4
Dan Ellerbee (played by James Jarnagin)
Pete Ellerbee (played by William Traylor)
Episode 6
Annie Crane (played by Madeleine Stowe)
Episode 7
Brenda Sue Longworth (played by Tisch Raye)
Episode 8
Leslie Barton (played by Suzy Gilstrap)
Episode 9
Kavendish (played by Eddie Quillan)
Episode 15
Hertzell Lundy (played by Mel Stewart)
Episode 17
Sylvia Webb (played by Olivia Barash)
Mr. Webb (played by Royal Dano)
Irv Hartwig (played by Richard Jaeckel)
Episode 19
Edgar Mills (played by Jeff Corey)
Edna Mills (played by Barbara Collentine—wife of Richard Bull)
Episode 21
Mr Case (played by Ivan Bonar)
Jed Cooper (played by EJ Andre)
Sarah Cooper (played by ME Loree)
Alvin Cooper (played by George McDaniel)
Episode 22
Isaiah Tompkins (played by Len Wayland)

text: Season eight[edit]

text:
Episode 1
Miss Mason (played by Elizabeth Hoffman)
Michele Pierson (played by Melora Hardin)
Episode 4
Dr. Caleb Ledoux (played by Don Marshall)
Mattie Ledoux (played by Marlene Warfield)
Episode 5
Mortimer Carstairs (played by Patrick Collins)
Ralph Waldo Emerson (played by George Petrie)
Episode 6
Amy Cassidy (played by Martha Nix)
Rodolfo Gambini (played by Jack Kruschen)
Ana Rosa Gambini (played by Gloria Manos)
Marco Gambini (played by Stephen Manley)
Stefano Gambini (played by Robert Torti)
Episode 7
Max (played by Todd Susman)
Georgie (played by Royce D. Applegate)
Episode 8
Callahan (played by M. Emmet Walsh)[1]
Episode 9
Elmer Miles (played by J.Brennan Smith)
Episode 10
Major Guffey (played by Laurie Main)
Episode 12
Gideon Hale (played by Peter Billingsley)
Braden Hale (played by Dennis Howard)
Mrs. Hale (played by Jennifer Rhodes)
Episode 14
Jack Prescott (played by Claude Earl Jones)
Episode 16
Sam Terhune (played by J.A. Preston)
Naomi Terhune (played by Marguerite DeLain)
Episode 20
Sherman Andruss (played by Dennis Lipscomb)
Helen Andruss (played by Judith Weston)
Louisa Beckwith (played by Ruth Silveira)
Horace Beckwith (played by Calvin Bartlett)
Nora Cramer (played by Betty McGuire)
Episode 21
Danny (played by Georg Olden)
Episode 22
Old Man (played by Don Beddoe)

text: Season nine[edit]

text:
Episode 3
Lem McCary (played by Lew Ayres)
Jess Moffet (played by Charles Lane)
Episode 4
Thomas Stark (played by Robert Loggia)
Constance Stark (played by Michele Marsh)
Elizabeth Stark (played by Tammy Lauren)
Randall Page (played by Ronnie Scribner)
Episode 5
Lou Bates(played by Billy Barty)
Mrs. Bates (played by Susan French)
Episode 10
Jane Canfield (played by Jill Schoelen)
Episode 12
Dr. Marvin Haynes (played by Ralph Bellamy)
Episode 13
Linda McAndrews (played by Sheila Larken)
Elliott Reed (played by John McLiam)
Episode 14
Cole Younger (played by Geoffrey Lewis)
Bart Younger (played by Robert Donner)
Lonnie Younger (played by Timothy Scott)
Episode 16
Matthew Rogers (played by Jonathan Hall Kovacs)
Episode 19
Ruthy Leland (played by Vera Miles)
Dewey (played by Eric Christmas)
Episode 20
Buffalo Bill (played by Eddie Quillan)
Episode 21
Mae Flannery (played by Barbara Townsend)
Episode 22
Philip Rogers (played by Robert Darnell)
Sherwood Montague (played by Robert Casper)

text: Post-series movies[edit]

text:
Little House: The Last Farewell
Nathan Lassiter (played by James Karen)

text: Animals[edit]

text:
Dogs: Jack and Bandit
Horses: Pet and Patty
Pony: Bunny
Goat: Fred
Bull: Fagan

text: Ingalls's and Wilder's genealogy[edit]

text: The Ingalls family[edit]

text:
Charles Ingalls Caroline Lake Quiner                 James Wilder Angeline Day

Mary Ingalls    Carrie Ingalls Charles Frederic Ingalls Grace Ingalls   Laura Wilder Royal Wilder Eliza Jane Wilder Alice Wilder    Perley Wilder{{{  }}}

               Laura Ingalls Almanzo Wilder

               Rose Wilder Son died shortly after birth was unnamed

text: Ingalls line :

text: Delano line :

text: Colby line :

text:
Jonathan Ingalls (1750–1834)&Martha Jane Locke (1753–1785) Jonathan Delano (1735–1811)&Anne Ladd (1734–1816) Ezekiel Colby (1739–1791)&Sally Fowler (1734–1834) Elijah Blood (1748–1826)&Eunice Sleeman (1758–1811)

         Samuel Ingalls (1771–1841) Margaret Delano (1773–1837) Nathan Colby (1778–1857) Eunice Blood (1782–1862)

             Lansford Ingalls (1812–1896)   Laura Colby (1810–1883)

Peter Ingalls (1833–1900) "baby boy" Ingalls (1835–1835) Charles Ingalls (1836–1902) Lydia Ingalls (1838–1913) Polly Ingalls (1840–1886) Lansford Ingalls (1842–1928) Laura Ingalls (1845–1918) Hiram Ingalls (1848–1923) George Ingalls (1851–1901) Ruby Ingalls (1855–1881)

text: Based on the data from : The Genealogy of Almanzo and Laura Ingalls Wilder

text:
Peter Riley Ingalls (1833–1900) – born in Cuba, New York. On June 5, 1861, in Brookfield, Wisconsin married Eliza Ann Quiner (see : The Quiners) and they had 6 children (see below). They left Pepin in 1874, together with Laura's family, and stopped in Zumbro Falls, Minnesota. Next they moved to South Troy, Minnesota where the Ingalls visited them for some time (in 1876).
Alice Josephine Ingalls (23 Apr 1862 – 30 Jan 1934) – married Arthur Whiting. They had five children, born between 1883 and 1899 (Altha Whiting Taylor, Jay Whiting, Fred Whiting, Vena Whiting Clark and Roy Whiting).
Ella Estella Ingalls (23 Jan 1865 – 9 Mar 1945) – married Leslie Lee Whiting and had four sons, born between 1885 and 1894 (Earl Whiting, Floyd Whiting, Harry Whiting and Clarence Whiting). She spent some time in DeSmet, with her husband and the eldest baby Earl Leland.
Peter Franklin Ingalls (16 Nov 1866 – 23 Sep 1932) – lived with Laura and Almanzo in De Smet for a while. Married Mary Edith "Molly" McGowin and they had between seven and eight children (presumed to be Edith Ingalls, Alexander Ingalls, Florence Ingalls Lindsey, Pearlie Ingalls Chiles, Fred Ingalls, Mary Ingalls, Mable Ingalls Mims and an unnamed infant)
Lansford Newcomb Ingalls (b. 5 Apr 1870)
Edith Florence "Dolly Varden" (23 Jun 1872 – 13 Jul 1951), on 9 Jun 1892 married Heil Nelson Bingham and they had eight children, born between 1893 and 1912 (Frederick Bingham, Estella Bingham Mahoney, Pearl Bingham Shanahan, Percy Bingham, Mabel Bingham Leverty, Thomas Bingham, Edna Bingham and James Bingham).
Edmond Llewellyn Ingalls (b. 26 Aug 1880), married Edith Mae Ide and they had 6 children. (Lois Ingalls Gibson, Herbert Ingalls, Wallace Ingalls, Margaret Ingalls Cowsar and William Ingalls).
"baby boy" Ingalls (1835–1835). Died at approximately two weeks of age, of "convulsions", and had not been named yet.
Charles Phillip Ingalls (1836–1902) – Laura's father
Mary Amelia Ingalls (1865-1928)
Laura Elizabeth Ingalls (1867-1957)
Caroline Celestia 'Carrie' Ingalls (1870-1946)
Charles Frederick 'Freddie' Ingalls (1875-1876)
Grace Pearl Ingalls (1877-1941)
Lydia Louise Ingalls (1838–1913) – on 15 Jan 1856, she married Robert Fulton Clough and later – in 1859, Joseph Stouff. She had five children, first of whom was Clough's.
Issac Lafayette Clough (1858-1893, got married in 1876)
Amos Alvin Stouff (1860-1893)
Minnie Stouff (1868-1941)
Amy Stouff (1870-1947)
Robert Stouff (1875-1926)
Polly Melona Ingalls (1840–1886) – born in Cuba, New York. In 1859 married Henry Odin Quiner (see : The Quiners) and they had seven children (see below). The family left Pepin with Laura's family in 1868 and both families stopped in Rothville, Missouri. In 1869 they returned to Pepin. Some time later they went West.
Louisa Martha Quiner (1860-1917), m. Walter Smith and had at least one son, William Smith
Charles Henry Quiner (1862-1881)
James Albert Quiner (1865-1947), m. Gertrude Frances Price (1866–1945) in 1903
Charlotte A. "Lottie" Quiner (1867-), m. Charles Sheldon (1857-1942) and had three daughters (May Sheldon Scharen, Grace Sheldon and Blanche Sheldon)
George Lansford Quiner (1870-1884)
Lillian M. "Lillie" Quiner (1873-1881)
Ruby Quiner (1878-1885)
Lansford James Ingalls (1842–1928) – was married twice; to Sarah Dickinson (1846–1897) and later to Mary Dickinson. Both of them were born in England.
Samuel James Ingalls (1866-1933)
Sara Belle Ingalls (1870-1856)
William Walter Ingalls (1872-1846)
Mary Elizabeth Ingalls (1874-1923)
Andrew Jackson Ingalls (1876-1959)
Charles Reuben Ingalls (1878-1880)
Edward Eugene Ingalls (1881-1888)
Horace Foster Ingalls (1883-1888)
Olive May Ingalls (1885-1888)
Martha Esther Ingalls (1887-1977)
Laura Ladocia "Docia" Ingalls (8 July 1845 – 18 January 1918) – married August Waldvogel (divorced later) and the couple had two children (see below). Next she married Hiram "Hi" Forbes and they had seven daughters. Hiram was a contractor for the Chicago and North Western Railway. They spent some time in DeSmet with the Ingalls but soon moved to Nebraska. They lost contact. Hiram died in 1906, and Docia subsequently moved to Colorado. She died twelve years later.
Lena Evelyn Waldvogel (1866–1943), m. Samuel Aughey Heikes and they had eight children (Agnes Heikes Kate, Eugene Heikes, Marion Heikes Lueder, Samuel Heikes, Lola Heikes Flack, Winfred Heikes, Warren Heikes and Geraldine Heikes Sloan)
August Eugene "Jean" Waldvogel (1870-1945), m. first Maria Luella Harmon and subsequently Leona Beatrice Hinton, and had seven children in total (Earl Waldvogel, William Waldvogel, Velma Waldvogel Mellor, Verne Waldvogel, Ernest Waldvogel, Robert Waldvogel and Leonard Waldvogel). Died in a car accident along with Leona, Verne and Leonard.
Ida May Forbes (1875-1953), m. Charles W. Norman
Adeline Forbes (1877-1936), m. Algernon "Al" Russell
Emma Laura Forbes (1879-1912), m. Henry Schneider
Mary Amanda Forbes (1881-1958), m. Edward Oscar Baker
Maud Marie Forbes (1884-1983), m. Joseph Gregg or John Gunderson
Frances I. Forbes (1887-1968), m. Joseph Halda
Katie P. Forbes (1890-1919) - possibly married a man with the surname Wilton
Hiram Lemuel Ingalls (1848–1923) – on 18 Oct 1867, married Sarah Elizabeth Woodward (1847–1910) and on 27 Feb 1919 – Ellen Parker
Laura Eliza Ingalls (1867–1943), m. John Monroe Butterfield (1856–1943)
Ruby Evaline Ingalls (1871–1941), m. Austin Johnson Beers (1852–1929) in 1884 and William E. Garrison (1874–1947) in 1931
Phillip L. Ingalls
Sarah Jeanette Ingalls (1877–1956), m. Emil Otto Kreiner (1865–1937) and later Bernard Connor (1871–1914) in 1896
Mary Rose Ellen Ingalls (1880–1951), m. Marion Ormal Kezer (1875–1942)
Hiram LeRoy "Roy" Ingalls (1882–1949), m. Mathilda Bartosh (1883–1966) in 1901
Leo Vincent Kreiner Ingalls (1896–1974), m. Viola Edna Edgerton. Adopted by Hiram in 1898.
George Whiting Ingalls (1851–1901) - married Julia E. Bard (1858–1910) in Alden, Wisconsin, and moved with her to Webster, Wisconsin
"baby boy" Ingalls (b. 1878) - died shortly after birth
"baby boy" Ingalls (b. 1880) - died shortly after birth
Benjamin Ingalls (1884-1885) - suffocated on the way back from a family visit
Ruby Celestia Ingalls (1855–1881) - married Joseph Card (1849-1923)
George Card (?)
Sherman Card (?)
Alma Josephine "Dolly Varden" Card (1880-1885)

text: NOTE: A second daughter of Ruby Ingalls Card, Lettie Letishia Card Anderson, is listed as being born in 1888, seven years after Ruby's death. How this is possible is unknown.

text: The Quiner family[edit]

text:
William Quiner (1773–1831) Margaret Doer(1774–1839)  Lewis Tucker (1779–1870) Martha Gráinne Morse (1772–1862)

           Henry Quiner (1809–1844)      Charlotte Tucker (1809–1884)         Frederic M. Holbrook (1819-1874)

 Martha Quiner (1832–1836) Joseph Quiner (1834–1862) Henry Quiner (1835–1880) Martha Quiner (1837–1927) Caroline Quiner (1839–1924) Eliza Quiner (1842–1931) Thomas Quiner (1844–1903) Charlotte Holbrook (1854–1939)

text:
(Laura's maternal great-great-grandparents)
Allan Alexander Morse and Margaret Drummond *These are fictional names. Real names unknown.

text:
(Laura's maternal great-grandparents)
Lewis Tucker (1779–1870) and Martha Gráinne Morse (1772–1862)
William Quiner (1773–1831) and Margaret Doer (1774–1839)

(Laura's maternal grandparents)
Charlotte Tucker and Henry Quiner

text:
Martha Morse Quiner (1832–1836)
Joseph Carpenter Quiner (1834–1862). He married Nancy Frank in Wisconsin in 1856. Died of wounds suffered at the Battle of Shiloh.
Frank R Quiner (1859–1944)
John Carpenter Quiner (1861–1950)
Henry Odin Quiner (1835–1880) – born on December 7 in Ohio. He married Polly Ingalls (for more – see above)
Martha Jane Quiner (1837–1927) – married Charles Carpenter in 1860 and had fourteen children.
William Augustus Carpenter (1861–1884)
Joseph Quiner Carpenter (1863–1923) married Elizabeth C.Reese.
Phoebe Carpenter
Joseph Carpenter
Elizabeth Carpenter
Clara Carpenter
Martha Carpenter
Charles Carpenter
Theodore Carpenter
Donald Carpenter
Lillian Carpenter
Emilie Carpenter
Lettice "Lottie" Jane Carpenter (1864–1949)
Nancy Cora Carpenter (1865–1955)
Martha Eliza Carpenter (1868–1871)
Millicent Ann Carpenter (1869–1960)
Charles Carr Carpenter (1871–1918)
Emma Bertha Carpenter (1873–1955)
Etta Minerva Carpenter (1874–1899)
Martha Josephine Carpenter (1876–1962)
Marion Caroline Carpenter (1879–1939)
Myrtie Emmeline Carpenter (1879–1956)
Thomas Quiner Carpenter (1882–1944)
George Lockwood Carpenter (1882–1954)
Caroline Lake Quiner (December 12, 1839 – April 20, 1924) – Laura's mother
Eliza Ann Quiner (1842–1931) – born on April 21 in Brookfield, Wisconsin. Both families – the Ingalls and the Quiners – moved several times and stopped finally in Jefferson County, Wisconsin. Eliza married Peter Ingalls in Concord, Wisconsin, on June 5, 1861 (for more – see above).
Thomas Lewis Quiner (1844–1903) – born on November 23. He married Lillian Graham 'Lily' Hill (1858-1924) and they had six children. They lived for some time in DeSmet. Died in an accident at the Columbia River on February 23, 1903.
Helen Marion Quiner (1881-1961)
Alice Quiner (1882-1883)
Donald Quiner (1885-1887)
Lillian Josephine Quiner (1887-1959)
Dugald Lewis Quiner (1889-1964)
John Hill Quiner (1900-1978)

text: Henry Quiner died in October 1844 in the sinking of a trading ship on the Great Lakes. Charlotte Tucker Quiner remarried, to Frederic Holbrook, and they had one child

text:
Charlotte Elizabeth "Lottie" Holbrook (January 20, 1854 – February 15, 1939). She married Henry Moore (b. 1852) in 1875 and they had five children.
Frederick Moore (b. 1878)
Arvin Moore (b. 1880)
Harry C. Moore (b. 1882)
Ralph Moore (b. 1887)
Pearl Eva Moore (b. 1888)

text: Charlotte Tucker[edit]

text:
Lewis Tucker   Martha Morse(1782–1862)

 Betsy Tucker (1800–?) Lewis Tucker (1802–?) Linus Tucker (1802–?) Lydia Tucker(1805–?) Thomas Tucker (1807–?) Charlotte Tucker(1809–1884) Caroline Tucker (1811–?) Mary Tucker(1813–?) Nancy Tucker (1816–?) George Tucker(1820–1821)

text: Charlotte Wallis Tucker was born on May 25, 1809 in Roxbury, Massachusetts (a suburb of Boston). She died September 20, 1884 in Rome, Wisconsin. Her mostly fictionalised story was described in the four-book series The Charlotte Years by Melissa Wiley. Charlotte was maternal grandmother to Laura Ingalls Wilder.

text: As a young woman, Charlotte married Henry Newton Quiner from Connecticut. She was the first woman in her family to travel west, living in Ohio and Indiana before settling in the frontier town of Brookfield, Wisconsin.

text: Martha Morse[edit]

text:
Allan Alexander Morse   Margaret Drummond

        Grisell "Grisie" Morse (b. 1774) Alisdair Morse (b.1776) Robert "Robbie" Morse  (b.1778) Duncan Morse (b.1780) Martha Morse(1782–1862)

text: Martha Morse was born on January 2, 1782 in Scotland, where her father was a wealthy landowners in the Scottish Highlands. Her mostly fictionalised story was told in the four-book series The Martha Years, by Melissa Wiley. Martha was Charlotte Tucker's mother and great-grandmother to Laura Ingalls Wilder.

text: Martha married Lewis Tucker, a blacksmith's son. Lewis and Martha travelled to the United States and began their new life near Boston, Massachusetts, becoming the first of Laura's ancestors to immigrate to America.

text: The Wilder family[edit]

text:
Daniel Wilder (1764–1851) Mary Polly Gould (1765–1828) Thomas Payne Sarah Stewart Mason

             Abel Wilder (1784–1849)   Hannah Payne (1790–1842)

Royal Gould Wilder (1809–1815) Thomas Payne Wilder (1811–?) James Mason Wilder (1813-1899) Hannah Payne Wilder (1814–1891) Royal Gould Wilder (1816–1887) Phoebe Wilder (1821–1890) Polly Maria Wilder (1824–1851) William Wilder (1828–1909) Sarah Charlotte Wilder (1820–1892) Joshua Prince Wilder (1832–1832)

text:
Royal Gould Wilder (1809–1815)
Thomas Payne Wilder (1811–?)
James Mason Wilder (1813-1899) – Almanzo's father. Married Angeline Albina Day.
Laura Ann Wilder (1844–1899) – born June 15, 1844, in 1874 married Harrison Lomanzo Howard.
Kearny Howard (step-child, born c.1869)
Angelina Esther Howard (1876–1964), in 1897 married Fred Merritt.
Ralph Merritt
Ethel Merritt
Howard Merritt
Harrison J.Howard (1878–1918)
Josephine Howard (1880–1918), married to William Walker
Ralph Waldo Howard (1881–1934), married to Estelle C.
Charles E. Howard (1908–1978)
Clarence Howard (1909–1913)
James J. Howard (1911–1981)
Ralph R. Howard (1913–1921)
Ralph Waldo Howard (1914–1976)
Paul Martin Howard (1920–1923)
Royal Gould Wilder (1847–1925), born February 20, 1847. In 1893, married Electa Averill Hutchison.
Ethel Hutchinson (step-child, died 1905), married Willard Stevens (died in 1928)
Clyde Hutchinson (step-child), married Edna Baily
Rae Hutchinson (step-child), married Bertha Luedtke (died 1910)
Mae Hutchinson (step-child), in 1912 married George Pooler
Angeline Bernice Wilder (1894–1957), in 1917 married Arlow Laging and in 1929, George Granger.
"baby girl" Wilder (stillborn in 1897)
Susan E. Wilder (1898–1899)
Eliza Jane Wilder (1850–1930), born January 3, 1850. In 1893, married Thomas Jefferson Thayer and in 1904, Maxwell Gordon. Died in Los Angeles.
Walcott Wilder Thayer (1894–1965), in 1918 married Frances Cockrell.
Walter Thayer – married Elaine Ditch
Cynthia Thayer
Walter Thayer
Francis Gervaise Thayer – married Alena Jobe.
Thomas Thayer
Larry Thayer
Betty Mae Thayer – married a man with the surname Raymond, and later, married a man with the surnam Huey.
Cynthia Raymond
Walter Raymond
David Huey
Joan Huey
Donald Huey
Alice Maria Wilder (1853–1892), born September 3, 1853. In 1879 married Albert A.Baldwin (1848–1905). Died in Florida.
Myrtle Baldwin (1880–1945), married to John R. Brown
Leland Edward Baldwin (1884–1913)
Almanzo Wilder (1857–1949)
Perley Day Wilder (1869–1934), born June 13, 1869, In 1897 married Elsie Lillian Merritt (1879–1948). Died in Los Angeles.
James Wilder (1903–1990), married Thelma Gricourt
Gladys Wilder (1905–1987)
Harold O. Wilder (1909–2003)
Perley Wilder Jr., (1912–1977), married to Ethel Smith, and later, Dolores Moore
Dorothy A. Wilder (1914–1966). Married to Carl Pittman
John Wilder (1916–1916)
Hannah Payne Wilder (1814–1891)
Royal Gould Wilder (1816–1887) – born after his eldest brother's death (and so named after him). He became a reverend and married Eliza Jane Smith (1822-1910).
Edward Payson Wilder (1847-1890)
Mary Jane Wilder (b.1856)
William Royal Wilder (1858-1925)
Grace Evelyn Wilder (1861-1911)
Robert Parmelee Wilder (1863-1938)
Phoebe Wilder (1821–1890) – married Joseph C.Lamson.
Chester Lamson (1854–1934) – married Catherine McDonough.
Mabel Lamson (1888–1982)
Charles Lamson
Gussie Lamson
"baby girl" Lamson
Polly Maria Wilder (1824–1851)
William Wilder (1828–1909) - married Adeline Hastins (1831-1909)
William A. "Willie" Wilder (1847-1860)
George Wilder (1868-1922)
Sarah Charlotte Wilder (1820–1892) – married Andrew Day (her sister-in-law's – Almanzo's mother – brother)
Carrie May Day (1856–1898) – married Orville Everett.
Frances Everett – married a man with the last name of Smith.
Dorothy Belle Smith
Elmer A.Day (1862–1947) – married to Mary MacMaster (1864–1945)
Willard R.Day (1858–1891) – married Emma Hubbard
Grace Day (1864–1894) – married to Grant Collins
Joshua Prince Wilder (1832–1832)

text: The Day family[edit]

text:
Justin Day, I unknown unknown unknown

             Justin Day, II(1790–1861)   Diadema Bateman (1794–1868)

    Laura Day (1819–?) Delia Day (1824–?) Angelina Albina Day (1819-1905) Celinda A.Day (1826–?) Andrew Day(1828–1894) John Wesley Day (1829–1907) George W.Day (1821–1872)

text:
Laura Day (1819–?)
Delia Day (1824–?)
Angelina Albina Day (1819-1905) – married James Mason Wilder and they had six children, including Almanzo James Wilder (Laura Ingalls Wilder's husband). For more information, see above.
Celinda A.Day (1826–?)
Andrew J. Day (1828–1894) – married Sarah Charlotte Wilder (1820–1892) and they had four children. For more information, see the Wilders' tree above (since Sarah was a sister of Almanzo's father).
John Wesley Day (1829–1907) – married Alcesta Lindy.
Fred Day
Frank Day
Albert Day
Wilton Day
George W.Day (1831–1873)

text: Neighbors, friends and acquaintances[edit]

text: Real people[edit]

text:
Robert and Ellie Boast, were neighbors and friends of the Ingalls family.[2][3]
Reverend Edward Brown,[4][5] was the reverend and Ingalls's neighbour in De Smet, South Dakota
Ida Wright-Brown, was an adopted daughter of the Reverend and Laura's school friend in De Smet
Oscar Edmund "Cap" Garland was one of the male school friends of Laura. He saved the town from starvation by going 15 miles to find wheat in a blizzard, along with Almanzo Wilder.[6]
Florence Adelia Garland Dawley was a teacher in De Smet and an older sister of Cap Garland.[7]
Mary Power,[8][9] was Laura's friend in De Smet
Neta Seal,[10] was a real-life close friend of grown-up Laura in Mansfield, Missouri
Dr. Tann,[11] was the Indian's doctor in Kansas, during Ingalls's stay there

text: Characters based on real people[edit]

text:
Lew Brewster was a pseudonym for Louis Bouchie, a homesteader who offered Laura her first teaching job.
Mr. Edwards, Ingalls's fictional friend
The Kennedy Family were the Ingalls's neighbors in Walnut Grove, Minnesota and their children went to school with Mary and Laura
Nellie Oleson was actually three real people: Nellie Owens, Genevieve Masters, and Stella Gilbert.
Soldat du Chene,[12] was a fictional Osage chief in Kansas, during Ingalls's stay there


document_title: Anna Kournikova (computer virus)

question_text: after the name of which sportsperson a computer virus has been named

text: Anna Kournikova (computer virus)

text:
Anna KournikovaType
Email vbs attachmentPoint of origin
NetherlandsAuthor(s)
Jan de WitWritten in
VBScript

text: Anna Kournikova (named by its author as "Vbs.OnTheFly Created By OnTheFly") was a computer worm written by a 20-year-old Dutch student named Jan de Wit --who called himself 'OnTheFly'-- on February 11, 2001. It was designed to trick email users into opening a mail message purportedly containing a picture of the tennis player Anna Kournikova, while actually hiding a malicious program. The worm arrives in an email with the subject line "Here you have, ;0)" and an attached file called AnnaKournikova.jpg.vbs.[1] When launched under Microsoft Windows the file does not display a picture of Anna Kournikova but launches a viral Visual Basic Script that forwards itself to everybody in the Microsoft Outlook address book of the victim.

text: OnTheFly created Anna Kournikova using a simple and online available Visual Basic Worm Generator program by an Argentinian programmer called [K]Alamar.[2]  While similar to the ILOVEYOU worm that struck a year earlier in 2000, the Anna Kournikova worm did not corrupt data on the infected computer.[2] Still, it affected millions of people and caused problems in email servers around the world.[3]

text: Apparently, the author created the worm in a matter of hours. "The young man had downloaded a program on Sunday, February 11, from the Internet and later the same day, around 3:00 p.m., set the worm loose in a newsgroup."[4]  De Wit turned himself in to authorities in the town of Sneek located in the northern Dutch province of Friesland. "By the time he understood what the worm did, he had conferred with his parents and decided to turn himself in to the police."[4]

text: The efforts of virus writer working undercover for the FBI, David L. Smith (author of the Melissa virus, who was still serving his sentence) assisted in tracking down OnTheFly's real identity.[5] De Wit turned himself in to the police in his hometown Sneek on February 14, 2001,[6] after he posted a letter of confession on a website and a newsgroup of player Anna Kournikova (alt.binaries.anna-kournikova) dated February 13. In it, he admitted creating the virus using a toolkit and explained his motivations as to see whether the IT community had learned their lesson to better secure systems in the aftermath of previous virus infections. But besides admission and regret he also attributed external blame for the rate of spreading on the beauty of the tennis player (he had pinups of her on his website) and blamed those who opened the email, writing "it's their own fault they got infected."[2]

text: Resembling the cases of other computer virus writers, a few days later the mayor of Sneek, Mayor Sieboldt Hartkamp made a tentative job offer to De Wit in the local administration's IT department, saying the city should be proud to have produced such a talented young man.[7]

text: De Wit was tried in Leeuwarden and was charged with spreading data into a computer network with the intention of causing damage, a crime that carried a maximum sentence of four years in prison and a fine of 100,000 guilders (US$41,300).[8] The lawyers for Jan de Wit called for the dismissal of charges against him, arguing that the worm caused minimal damage. The FBI submitted evidence to the Dutch court and suggested that US$166,000 in damages was caused by the worm. He denied any intent to cause damage. De Wit was sentenced to 150 hours of community service.[8]

text: The 18-year-old Buenos Aires programmer who created the Worm Generator toolkit, removed the application's files from his website later in February 2001. "Once they heard my alias being mentioned on television, my friends recommended that I do so," he told ZDNet Latin America in an interview.[9]

text: In popular culture[edit]

text: In the Friends episode "The One in Barbados, Part One", Ross Geller's laptop was infected by the Kournikova worm when Chandler Bing checked his email on it. The version of the worm in the episode was more malicious than the real thing, as it deleted Ross' entire hard drive, including his speech on paleontology, when it was opened. Moreover, the computer was a PowerBook G4, with which Windows-targeting malware would not be compatible.


document_title: List of countries by gold production

question_text: where is the most gold found in the world

text: List of countries by gold production

text: This is a list of countries by gold production in 2016.

text: For many years until 2006, South Africa was the world's dominant gold producer, but recently other countries have surpassed South Africa: China, Russia, Canada, the United States, Peru and Australia. Albeit, none of these countries have approached South Africa's peak production which occurred in the apartheid-era 1970s.[1] Note the figures are for primary production. In the US, for example, for the years 2010-14, new and old scrap exceeded both primary production and reported domestic consumption.[2]

text:
Rank
Continent
Country or region
Gold production (metric tons) in 2016 [3]

World
World (rounded)
3,100

1
Asia
 China
455

2
Oceania
 Australia
270

3
Europe
 Russia
250

4
Americas
 United States
209

5
Americas
 Canada
170

6
Americas
 Peru
150

7
Africa
 South Africa
140

8
Americas
 Mexico
125

9/10
Asia
 Uzbekistan
100

9/10
Asia
 Indonesia
100

11
Africa
 Ghana
90

12
Americas
 Brazil
80

13
Oceania
 Papua New Guinea
65

World
Rest of the world
900


document_title: Bones (season 12)

question_text: when is the new season of bones starting

text: Bones (season 12)

text: Cast and characters[edit]

text: Main cast[edit]

text:
Emily Deschanel as Dr. Temperance "Bones" Brennan, a forensic anthropologist at the Jeffersonian, and wife of Seeley Booth
David Boreanaz as FBI Special Agent Seeley Booth and husband of Temperance Brennan
Michaela Conlin as Angela Montenegro, a forensic artist and wife of Jack Hodgins
Tamara Taylor as Dr. Camille Saroyan, a forensic pathologist and the head of the forensic division
T. J. Thyne as Dr. Jack Hodgins, an entomologist, mineralogist, palynologist, and forensic chemist, and husband of Angela Montenegro.
John Boyd as James Aubrey, an FBI agent who works under Booth

text: Recurring cast[edit]

text:
Patricia Belcher as Caroline Julian, a prosecutor who often works with the team
Eric Millegan as Dr. Zack Addy, former Jeffersonian employee
Eddie McClintock as Tim "Sully" Sullivan, a former FBI agent with whom Brennan had a previous relationship
Stephen Fry as Gordon Wyatt, Booth's former psychiatrist, now a chef
Ryan O'Neal as Max Brennan, Temperance's father
Sara Rue as Karen Delfs, a behavioral analyst
Sunnie Pelant as Christine Booth, Seeley and Temperance's daughter
Guy Boyd as Philip Aubrey, James's father
Cyndi Lauper as Avalon Harmonia, a psychic
Tiffany Hines as Michelle Welton, Cam's adopted daughter

text:
Michael Grant Terry as Wendell Bray
Carla Gallo as Daisy Wick
Pej Vahdat as Dr. Arastoo Vaziri
Laura Spencer as Jessica Warren
Joel David Moore as Dr. Colin Fisher
Ignacio Serricchio as Dr. Rodolfo Fuentes
Eugene Byrd as Dr. Clark Edison

text: Production[edit]

text: Fox renewed Bones for a 12-episode final season on February 25, 2016.[2] The season was initially announced to debut in the fall, but Fox delayed the premiere until January 2017.[1] Former series regular Eric Millegan, who returned in the season 11 finale, continues his role as Zack Addy in the final season.[3] The season features the return of former recurring characters, including Eddie McClintock as Tim "Sully" Sullivan, who recurred during season two,[4] and Stephen Fry as Gordon Wyatt, who made guest appearances in seasons two, four and five.[5] Betty White reprises her season 11 role as Dr. Beth Mayer in the tenth episode,[6] while veteran actors Ed Asner and Hal Holbrook guest star in the third episode.[7] Filming of the season, and of the entire series, wrapped up on December 15, 2016.[8]

text: Episodes[edit]

text:
No.
overall
No. in
season
Title
Directed by
Written by
Original air date
Prod.
code
U.S. viewers
(millions)

235
1
"The Hope in the Horror"
Emily Deschanel
Michael Peterson
January 3, 2017 (2017-01-03)
CAKY01
3.43[9]

Bones has been kidnapped by Zack, but Booth finds them within the Jeffersonian basement, knowing Zack's methods. Zack kidnapped Brennan because he knew the real killer was putting her life in danger, but people are convinced that Zack is guilty of the Puppeteer murders, especially Booth, with the evidence against him piling up. However, the discovery of half a body from twenty years ago shakes up the case and reveals the true killer as Dr. Roshan, the head of the facility where Zack was being held. As Roshan tries to end Zack's life by tricking, Zack finds himself unable to truly retaliate, even while in mortal peril. Booth saves the day by killing Roshan before Roshan can inject the toxin into Zack's body. Zack tells Booth and Brennan that he didn't kill the lobbyist and asks them to reinvestigate, to which Booth agrees.

236
2
"The Brain in the Bot"
Ian Toynton
Hilary Weisman Graham
January 10, 2017 (2017-01-10)
CAKY02
3.31[10]

The team investigates the death of a man who created artificially intelligent robots to assist children with autism. Brennan celebrates her 40th birthday and surprises her co-workers by submitting Angela for the MacArthur genius grant and helping Daisy get a job at the National Forensics Lab, showing how she has learned to appreciate the success of others. Booth surprises Brennan with a gift as well: Zack's appeal date being set a few months hence. Meanwhile, Max reappears for his daughter's birthday, but drops what appears to be a hospital armband, indicating an illness.

237
3
"The New Tricks in the Old Dogs"
David Grossman
Ted Peterson
January 17, 2017 (2017-01-17)
CAKY03
2.92[11]

The team experiences retirement home drama when they find the body of an old man at an acid dump site. Meanwhile, Booth and Brennan discuss the possibility of having more children and Cam and Arastoo plan on adopting a child.

238
4
"The Price for the Past"
Randy Zisk
Jonathan Collier
January 24, 2017 (2017-01-24)
CAKY04
3.05[12]

The team investigates the murder of Aldo Clemmons, an ex-priest who counseled Booth and also married Booth and Brennan. Booth learns that Aldo killed himself in order to protect Booth's identity from a killer who is connected to one of Booth's military kills. Meanwhile, Caroline Julian informs Aubrey that his convict father has returned to the country.

239
5
"The Tutor in the Tussle"
Dwight Little
Eric Randall
January 31, 2017 (2017-01-31)
CAKY05
3.76[13]

When a tutor of privileged students is found dead, the team sorts through all the possible perpetrators, including a roommate with a criminal record and a fellow tutor who'd been losing clients. Meanwhile, Aubrey's con-artist father returns, but Aubrey chooses to turn him in to the FBI.

240
6
"The Flaw in the Saw"
Denise Di Novi
Yael Zinkow
February 7, 2017 (2017-02-07)
CAKY06
3.07[14]

The death of a female lumberjack brings Booth and Brennan to investigate a lumberjack competition. Meanwhile, Hodgins reanalyzes evidence from the lobbyist case in the hopes that he can exonerate Zack.

241
7
"The Scare in the Score"
Randy Zisk
Joe Hortua
February 14, 2017 (2017-02-14)
CAKY08
2.97[15]

More deaths connected to Booth's military past and Aldo's death begin to appear, causing Booth to worry for his family's safety. Booth and Brennan place their two children along with Brennan's father Max into protective custody at a safehouse. Brennan believes her father is hiding something from her and he reveals that he had a pacemaker installed. The safehouse is attacked, leaving several agents dead, and Max is taken to the hospital with a gunshot wound. Booth learns the killer is Mark Kovac, the son of a war criminal he killed 20 years ago now seeking revenge. After his surgery, Max recounts a dream he had to Brennan and then suddenly dies.

242
8
"The Grief and the Girl"
Anton Cropper
Karine Rosenthal
February 21, 2017 (2017-02-21)
CAKY07
2.90[16]

Booth and Aubrey travel to Newfoundland when an American woman is found murdered. Brennan tries to deal with the recent death of her father and receives a visit from former lover Tim "Sully" Sullivan.

243
9
"The Steel in the Wheels"
Robert Reed Altman
Hilary Weisman Graham & Ted Peterson
March 7, 2017 (2017-03-07)
CAKY09
2.89[17]

Booth, Brennan, and Aubrey go undercover at a demolition derby to investigate a murder. Meanwhile, Dr. Gordon Wyatt returns and assists Hodgins in the Gormogon case and intern Rodolfo Fuentes receives his doctorate to become a forensic anthropologist. With the help of Gordon Wyatt and Angela, Hodgins is able to locate the body of Gormogon's original apprentice, the true killer of the lobbyist Zack Addy is serving a life sentence for murdering. On the apprentice's sleeve is blood, presumably that of the lobbyist and the proof they need to exonerate Zack.

244
10
"The Radioactive Panthers in the Party"
Michael Lange
Keith Foglesong
March 14, 2017 (2017-03-14)
CAKY10
2.52[18]

The team investigates the death of an aspiring filmmaker and one of the suspects ends up being actor David Faustino. Aubrey acts as lead on the case and is later offered a promotion as a supervisory special agent in Los Angeles. Meanwhile, Brennan speaks with Dr. Beth Mayer about being passionate for one's work and, in turn, advises Wendell that forensic anthropology might not be his passion and he should seek a career that he truly loves.

245
11
"The Day in the Life"
Ian Toynton
Eric Randall & Yael Zinkow
March 21, 2017 (2017-03-21)
CAKY11
3.55[19]

This episode is told from the point-of-view of each of the six main characters, with each act following the character during Cam and Arastoo's wedding reception and the day after. Cam tells Brennan she'll be taking an extended honeymoon and plans on stepping down as head of the Jeffersonian. Hodgins testifies at Zack's trial, but is kicked out of the courtroom after he interrupts Caroline Julian's closing arguments. Aubrey asks Jessica to move with him to Los Angeles, which makes her reevaluate their relationship and end it. Angela is sick, presumably from the night before, but reveals to Brennan that she's pregnant. At Zack Addy's appeal, Hodgins testifies about the blood evidence found on the body of Gormogon's apprentice (discovered in "The Steel in the Wheels"), which proves Zack's innocence, and Brennan testifies to his character. Based on the new evidence, Zack is exonerated of murder and his life sentence is overturned. However, the judge determines that he must finish out the last 13 months of his separate sentence for helping the actual killer as he is, in fact, guilty of that crime. While Zack isn't released as the others had hoped, he accepts his sentence as 13 months is nothing compared to the life sentence he was previously facing. At the wedding reception, Booth goes to see Avalon (at the request of Angela), who warns him that she had a vision of Brennan in danger. The team discovers that Mark Kovac has escaped from prison and is after Booth. Booth goes to the Jeffersonian and they learn Cam's security ID is missing, but was used in the middle of night. Everyone evacuates the Jeffersonian, but Booth, Brennan, Angela, and Hodgins are left stuck inside. Booth disarms a bomb planted under the forensic platform, but the bomb was on a repeater, revealing that there are multiple bombs. Several explosions go off within the Jeffersonian.

246
12
"The End in the End"
David Boreanaz
Story by : Stephen Nathan
Teleplay by : Jonathan Collier & Michael Peterson & Karine Rosenthal
March 28, 2017 (2017-03-28)
CAKY12
4.35[20]

The Jeffersonian suffers heavy damage from the bomb blasts, but Booth, Angela, Hodgins, and Brennan survive thanks to Booth disarming one of the bombs in time. They are eventually rescued, but Brennan suffers a minor brain injury that keeps her from understanding complex concepts and remembering a vital clue she discovered on the body of Kovac's latest victim before the blast. With Brennan incapacitated, Daisy Wick, Clark Edison, Arastoo, Jessica Warren, and Wendell Bray pull together to use everything Brennan taught them to figure it out for themselves. The interns eventually determine that Brennan found clues pointing to a childhood home of the victim that Kovac is using as a hideout. At the same time, Hodgins and Cam examine the bomb Booth disarmed and find the DNA of the bomb maker: Jeannine Kovac, Mark Kovac's supposed wife who is really his sister. The Kovac siblings are revealed to have been working together to get revenge for their father's death and Jeannine refuses to cooperate. Using the information gathered by the interns, Booth, Brennan, and Aubrey lead a SWAT team to Kovac's hideout, where Kovac attacks with a machine gun. Booth suffers an injury to his hand and Brennan's brain heals in time for her to fix it, allowing Booth to kill Kovac. With Kovac dead, the team clears out the lab in preparation for its reconstruction. Hodgins is left in charge of the Jeffersonian while Cam and Arastoo go on a leave of absence to pick up their three adopted sons in Mississippi. Aubrey accepts a position as supervisory special agent in D.C. (as opposed to the earlier-offered position in Los Angeles), having concluded that he belongs in D.C. after recent events, and agrees to share some fried chicken with Karen (possibly implying the start of a new relationship). Caroline Julian promises to ensure that Jeannine Kovac will be locked up for the rest of her life for her role in Mark's crimes. Booth and Brennan sit on the bench outside the Jeffersonian and reminisce.

text: DVD release[edit]

text: The twelfth and final season of Bones was released on DVD (subtitled "The Final Chapter") in region 1 on June 13, 2017. The set includes all 12 episodes of season twelve and special features include a gag reel and a featurette "Back to the Lab: A Bones Retrospective".[21]


document_title: The Borden Twins

question_text: who played the twins on i love lucy

question_tokens: who played the twins on i love lucy

text: The Borden Twins

text:
The Borden TwinsBorn
United StatesDied
United StatesOccupation
Actresses

text: The Borden Twins (born May 29, 1932), Rosalyn Borden and Marilyn Borden, were twin sisters who acted together in numerous television programs from the 1950s until the 1980s.[1] They were best remembered as "Teensy" and "Weensy" in an episode of I Love Lucy entitled "Tennessee Bound". They never rose above supporting players, but the duo performed in many venues, including gigs on the nightclub circuit, as well as larger events including the Rose Bowl.  The twins also performed at numerous USO shows at home and overseas.  The sisters worked with notable performers such as Lucille Ball, Dean Martin, and Jerry Lewis, Andy Williams, Sammy Davis, Jr., Jimmy Durante, Bea Arthur, Bob Newhart and The Ritz Brothers.

text: Rosalyn "Roz" Borden died January 23, 2003 of liver disease in Modesto, California.  Marilyn Borden died March 25, 2009 of complications of congestive heart failure and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, also in Modesto.

text: Television[edit]

text:
Four Star Revue (Girls in Gondola 1 episode 1952)
The Colgate Comedy Hour (1952)
The Spike Jones Show (1954 and 1957)
The Ed Wynn Show
The Jimmy Durante Show (1955-1957 regular performers)
I Love Lucy (episode 112 "Tennessee Bound" January 24, 1955 as Teensy and Weensy)
Rhoda... Rosalyn (Marilyn's scene was cut).
CHiPs .... Lottie and Dottie Tidwell (1 episode, 1977)
Maude .... Monica and Shirley (1 episode, 1978)
Apple Pie  .... Trudy and Judy Laskey (1 episode, 1978)
The Ropers .... Hetty and Betty (1 episode, 1979)
Lottery! .... Flora and Dora (1 episode, 1984)
The Joan Rivers Show.... (1989)
Out of This World  .... Buffalo Breath Twins (1 episode, 1990)
All-Star Party for Aaron Spelling (1998)