document_title: FIFA World Cup hosts

question_text: when was the last time the us hosted a world cup

question_tokens: when was the last time the us hosted a world cup

text: FIFA World Cup hosts

text: List of hosts[edit]

text:
Year

Host

Continent

Winner

1930
 Uruguay

South America

 Uruguay

1934
 Italy

Europe

 Italy

1938
 France

Europe

 Italy

1942

Cancelled because of World War II *1

1946

Cancelled because of World War II

1950
 Brazil

South America

 Uruguay

1954
  Switzerland

Europe

 Germany

1958
 Sweden

Europe

 Brazil

1962
 Chile

South America

 Brazil

1966
 England

Europe

 England

1970
 Mexico

North America

 Brazil

1974
 Germany

Europe

 Germany

1978
 Argentina

South America

 Argentina

1982
 Spain

Europe

 Italy

1986
 Mexico

North America

 Argentina

1990
 Italy

Europe

 Germany

1994
 United States

North America

 Brazil

1998
 France

Europe

 France

2002
 Japan South Korea

Asia

 Brazil

2006
 Germany

Europe

 Italy

2010
 South Africa

Africa

 Spain

2014
 Brazil

South America

 Germany

2018
 Russia

Europe

 France

2022
 Qatar

Asia

2026
 Canada Mexico  United States

North America

2030
TBD

2034
TBD

2038
TBD

tag: table

text: 1. In the year 1942, Germany was expected to be the host country, but because of the World War II, the World Cup was cancelled.

tag: ul

text: Results of hosts[edit]

text: Except 1934, host nations are granted an automatic spot in the World Cup group stages. The first host ever to fail to advance past the first round was South Africa in 2010.  denotes the best result in the team's history,  - the best result at the time of the competition (improved later).

text:
No.

Year

Host nation

Finish

1

1930

 Uruguay

Champions

2

1934

 Italy

Champions

3

1938

 France

Quarter-final‡

—

1942

 Germany (expected)

Tournament is canceled due to World War II

—

1946

Tournament canceled, during the World War II

4

1950

 Brazil

Runners-up

5

1954

  Switzerland

Quarter-final†

6

1958

 Sweden

Runners-up

7

1962

 Chile

Third place

8

1966

 England

Champions

9

1970

 Mexico

Quarter-final†

10

1974

 West Germany

Champions

11

1978

 Argentina

Champions

12

1982

 Spain

Round 2 (Top 12)  (Format was different from other cups.)

13

1986

 Mexico

Quarter-final†

14

1990

 Italy

Third place

15

1994

 United States

Round of 16

16

1998

 France

Champions

17

2002

 South Korea

Fourth place

 Japan

Round of 16†

18

2006

 Germany

Third place

19

2010

 South Africa

Group stage

20

2014

 Brazil

Fourth place

21

2018

 Russia

Quarter-final

22

2022

 Qatar

TBD[note 1]

23

2026

 Canada

TBD

 Mexico

TBD

 United States

TBD

text: 1930 FIFA World Cup[edit]

text: Bids:

text:
Hungary
 Italy
 Netherlands
 Spain
 Sweden
 Uruguay

text: Before the FIFA Congress could vote on the first-ever World Cup host, a series of withdrawals led to the election of Uruguay. The Netherlands and Hungary withdrew, followed by Sweden withdrawing in favour of Italy. Then both Italy and Spain withdrew, in favour of the only remaining candidate, Uruguay. The FIFA Congress met in Barcelona, Spain on 18 May 1929 to ratify the decision, and Uruguay was chosen without a vote.[citation needed]

text: Results:

text:
Uruguay
 Italy withdrew
 Spain withdrew
 Sweden withdrew
 Netherlands withdrew
 Hungary withdrew

tag: ol

text: Notice that the celebration of the first World Cup coincided with the centennial anniversary of the first Constitution of Uruguay. For that reason, the main stadium built in Montevideo for the World Cup was named Estadio Centenario.

text: 1934 FIFA World Cup[edit]

text: Bids:

text:
Italy
 Sweden

text: Sweden decided to withdraw before the vote, allowing the only remaining candidate Italy to take the hosting job for the 1934 World Cup. The decision was ratified by the FIFA Congress in Stockholm, Sweden and Zürich, Switzerland on 14 May 1932. The Italian Football Federation accepted the hosting duties on 9 October 1932.

text: Results:

text:
Italy
 Sweden withdrew

text: 1938 FIFA World Cup[edit]

text: Bids:

text:
Argentina
 France
 Germany

text: Without any nations withdrawing their bids, the FIFA Congress convened in Berlin, Germany on 13 August 1936 to decide the next host. Electing France took only one ballot, as France had more than half of the votes in the first round.[4]

text: Results:

text:
France, 19 votes
 Argentina, 3 votes
 Germany, 1 vote

text: Cancelled FIFA World Cups 1942 and 1946[edit]

text: Bids for 1942:

text:
Argentina
 Brazil
 Germany

text: Cancelled FIFA election of the host for the outbreak of the Second World War in September 1939.

text: Bids for 1946:

text: 1950 and 1954 FIFA World Cups[edit]

text: 1950 bid[edit]

text: Bid:

text: Brazil

text: Brazil, Argentina, and Germany had officially bid for the 1942 World Cup, but the Cup was cancelled after the outbreak of World War II. The 1950 World Cup was originally scheduled for 1949, but the day after Brazil was selected by the FIFA Congress on 26 July 1946 in Luxembourg City, Luxembourg, the World Cup was rescheduled for 1950.

text: Result:

text: Brazil

text: 1954 bid[edit]

text: Bid:

text: Switzerland

text: The 1954 World Cup hosting duty was decided on 26 July 1946, the same day that Brazil was selected for the 1949 World Cup, in Luxembourg City. On 27 July, the FIFA Congress pushed back the 5th World Cup finals by three years, deciding it should take place in 1954.

text: Result:

text: Switzerland

text: 1958 FIFA World Cup[edit]

text: Bid:

text: Sweden

text: Argentina, Chile, Mexico, and Sweden expressed interest in hosting the tournament.[5] Swedish delegates lobbied other countries at the FIFA Congress held in Rio de Janeiro around the opening of the 1950 World Cup finals.[5] Sweden was awarded the 1958 tournament unopposed in on 23 June 1950.[6]

text: Result:

text: Sweden

text: 1962 FIFA World Cup[edit]

text: Bids:

text:
Argentina
 Chile
 West Germany

text: West Germany withdrew before the vote, which took place in Lisbon, Portugal on 10 June 1956, leaving two remaining bids. In one round of voting, Chile won over Argentina.

text: Results:

text:
Chile, 31 votes
 Argentina, 12 votes
 West Germany withdrew

text: 1966 FIFA World Cup[edit]

text: Bids:

text:
England
 West Germany
 Spain

text: Spain withdrew from the bidding prior to voting by the FIFA Congress, held in Rome, Italy on 22 August 1960. Again, there was only one round of voting, with England defeating West Germany.

text: Results:

text:
England, 34 votes
 West Germany, 27 votes
 Spain withdrew

text: 1970 FIFA World Cup[edit]

text: Bids:

text:
Argentina
 Australia
 Colombia
 Japan
 Mexico
 Peru

text: The FIFA Congress convened in Tokyo, Japan on 8 October 1964. One round of voting saw Mexico win the hosting duties over Argentina.

text: Results:

text:
Mexico, 56 votes
 Argentina, 32 votes
 Australia withdrew
 Colombia withdrew
 Japan withdrew
 Peru withdrew

text: 1974, 1978, 1982 FIFA World Cups[edit]

text: Three hosts for the 1974, 1978, and 1982 World Cups were chosen in London, England on 6 July 1966 by the FIFA Congress. Spain and West Germany, both facing each other in the running for hosting duties for the 1974 and 1982 World Cups, agreed to give one another a hosting job. Germany withdrew from the 1982 bidding process while Spain withdrew from the 1974 bidding process, essentially guaranteeing each a hosting spot. Mexico, who had won the 1970 hosting bid over Argentina just two years prior, agreed to withdraw and let Argentina take the 1978 hosting position.

text: 1974 results[edit]

text:
West Germany
 Spain withdrew in exchange for 1982 hosting duties
 Italy withdrew
 Netherlands withdrew

text: 1978 results[edit]

text:
Argentina
 Colombia withdrew
 Mexico withdrew, as they had won hosting for 1970

text: 1982 results[edit]

text:
Spain
 West Germany withdrew in exchange for 1974 hosting duties
 Italy withdrew

text: 1986 FIFA World Cup[edit]

text: Bid:

text: Colombia

text: Host voting, handled by the then-FIFA Executive Committee (or Exco), met in Stockholm on 9 June 1974 and ratified the unopposed Colombian bid.

text: Result:

text: Colombia

text: However, Colombia withdrew after being selected to host the World Cup for financial problems on 5 November 1982, less than four years before the event was to start. A call for bids was sent out again, and FIFA received intent from three nations:

text:
Canada
 Mexico
 United States

text: In Zürich on 20 May 1983, Mexico won the bidding unanimously as voted by the Executive Committee, for the first time in FIFA World Cup bidding history (except those nations who bid unopposed).

text: Results:

text:
Mexico unanimous vote
 United States 0 votes
 Canada 0 votes

text: 1990 FIFA World Cup[edit]

text: Bids:

text:
Austria
 England
 France
 Greece
 Iran
 Italy
 Soviet Union
 West Germany
 Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia

text: Except Italy and the Soviet Union, all nations withdrew before the vote, which was to be conducted by Exco in Zürich on 19 May 1984. Once again, only one round of voting was required, as Italy won more votes than the Soviet Union.

text: Results:

text:
Italy, 11 votes
 Soviet Union, 5 votes
 Austria withdrew
 England withdrew
 France withdrew
 Greece withdrew
 Iran withdrew
 West Germany withdrew
 Yugoslavia withdrew

text: 1994 FIFA World Cup[edit]

text: Bids:

text:
Brazil
 Morocco
 United States
 Chile

text: Despite having three nations bidding, voting only took one round. The vote was held in Zürich (for the third straight time) on 4 July 1988. The United States gained a majority of votes of the Exco members.

text: Results:

text:
United States, 10 votes
 Morocco, 7 votes
 Brazil, 2 votes
 Chile withdrew

text: 1998 FIFA World Cup[edit]

text: Bids:

text:
England
 France
 Germany
 Morocco
  Switzerland

text: This vote was held in Zürich for the fourth straight time on 1 July 1992. Only one round of voting was required to have France assume the hosting job over Morocco.

text: Result:

text:
France, 12 votes
 Morocco, 7 votes
  Switzerland withdrew
 England withdrew
 Germany withdrew

text: 2002 FIFA World Cup[edit]

text: Bids:

text:
South Korea/ Japan
 Mexico

text: On 31 May 1996, the hosting selection meeting was held in Zürich for the fifth straight time. A joint bid was formed between Japan and South Korea, and the bid was "voted by acclamation", an oral vote without ballots. The first joint bid of the World Cup was approved, edging out Mexico.

text: Results:

text:
South Korea/ Japan (joint bid, voted by acclamation)
 Mexico

text: The 2002 FIFA World Cup was co-hosted in Asia for the first time by South Korea and Japan (the final was held in Japan). Initially, the two Asian countries were competitors in the bidding process. But just before the vote, they agreed with FIFA to co-host the event. However, the rivalry and distance between them led to organizational and logistical problems. FIFA has said that co-hosting is not likely to happen again, and in 2004 officially stated that its statutes did not allow co-hosting bids.[7]

text: 2006 FIFA World Cup[edit]

text: Bids:

text:
Brazil
 England
 Germany
 Morocco
 South Africa

text: On 6 July 2000, the host selection meeting was held for the sixth straight time in Zürich. Brazil withdrew its bid three days before the vote, and the field was narrowed to four. This was the first selection in which more than one vote round was required. Three votes were eventually needed. Germany was at least tied for first in each of the three votes, and ended up defeating South Africa by only one vote after an abstention (see below).

text:
Results

Nation

Vote

Round 1

Round 2

Round 3

 Germany

10

11

12

 South Africa

6

11

11

 England

5

2

Eliminated

 Morocco

2

Eliminated

Eliminated

Total votes

23

24

23

text: Controversy[edit]

text: The controversy over the decision to award the 2006 FIFA World Cup to Germany led to a further change in practice. The final tally was 12 votes to 11 in favour of Germany over the contenders South Africa, who had been favorites to win. New Zealand FIFA member Charlie Dempsey, who was instructed to vote for South Africa by the Oceania Football Confederation, abstained from voting at the last minute. If he had voted for the South African bid, the tally would have been 12–12, giving the decision to FIFA President Sepp Blatter, who, it was widely believed, would then have voted for South Africa.[8]

text: Dempsey was among eight members of the Executive Committee to receive a fax by editors of the German satirical magazine Titanic on Wednesday, the night before the vote, promising a cuckoo clock and Black Forest ham in exchange for voting for Germany. He argued that the pressure from all sides including "an attempt to bribe" him had become too much for him.[9]

text: On 4 August 2000, consequently, FIFA decided to rotate the hosting of the final tournaments between its constituent confederations. This was until October 2007, during the selection of the host for the 2014 FIFA World Cup, when they announced that they will no longer continue with their continental rotation policy (see below).[10][11]

text: 2010 FIFA World Cup[edit]

text: Bids:

text:
Egypt
 Morocco
 Nigeria
 South Africa
 Tunisia /  Libya

text: The first World Cup bidding process under continental rotation (the process of rotating hosting of the World Cup to each confederation in turn) was the 2010 FIFA World Cup,[7] the first World Cup to be held in Africa. On 7 July 2001, during the FIFA Congress in Buenos Aires, a decision was ratified, which was that the rotation will begin in Africa.[12] On 23 September 2002, FIFA's Executive Committee confirmed that only African member associations, would be invited to submit bids to host the 2010 FIFA World Cup.[13]

text: In January 2003, Nigeria entered the bidding process, but withdrew their bid in September.[14][15] In March 2003, Sepp Blatter initially said Nigeria's plan to co host the 2010 FIFA World Cup with four African countries would not work.[16] Nigeria had originally hoped to bid jointly with West African neighbours Benin, Ghana, and Togo.

text: After it was confirmed by FIFA that joint bidding would not be allowed in the future, Libya and Tunisia withdrew both of their bids on 8 May 2004. On 15 May 2004 in Zürich (the seventh consecutive time that a host selection has been made there), South Africa, after a narrow loss in the 2006 bidding, defeated perennial candidate Morocco to host, 14 votes to 10. Egypt received no votes.

text:
Results

Nation

Vote

Round 1

 South Africa

14

 Morocco

10

 Egypt

0

 Tunisia /  Libya

Withdrew

 Nigeria

Withdrew

Total votes

24

text: Controversy[edit]

text: On 28 May 2015, media covering the 2015 FIFA corruption case reported that high-ranking officials from the South African bid committee had secured the right to host the World Cup by paying US$10 million in bribes to then-FIFA Vice President Jack Warner and to other FIFA Executive Committee members.[17]

text: On 4 June 2015, FIFA executive Chuck Blazer, having co-operated with the FBI and the Swiss authorities, confirmed that he and the other members of FIFA's executive committee were bribed in order to promote the South African 1998 and 2010 World Cups. Blazer stated, "I and others on the FIFA executive committee agreed to accept bribes in conjunction with the selection of South Africa as the host nation for the 2010 World Cup."[18][19]

text: On 6 June 2015, The Daily Telegraph reported that Morocco had received the most votes, but South Africa was awarded the tournament instead.[20]

text: 2014 FIFA World Cup[edit]

text: Bids:

text:
Argentina
 Brazil
 Colombia

text: FIFA continued its continental rotation procedure by earmarking the 2014 World Cup for South America. FIFA initially indicated that it might back out of the rotation concept,[21] but later decided to continue it through the 2014 host decision, after which it was dropped.

text: Colombia had expressed interest in hosting the 2014 World Cup,[22] but withdrew undertaking the 2011 FIFA U-20 World Cup.[23] Brazil also expressed interest in hosting the World Cup. CONMEBOL, the South American Football Federation, indicated their preference for Brazil as a host.[24] Brazil was the only nation to submit a formal bid when the official bidding procedure for CONMEBOL member associations was opened in December 2006, as by that time, Colombia, Chile and Argentina had already withdrawn, and Venezuela was not allowed to bid.

text: Brazil made the first unopposed bid since the initial selection of the 1986 FIFA World Cup (when Colombia was selected as host, but later withdrew for financial problems). The FIFA Executive Committee confirmed it as the host country on 30 October 2007 by a unanimous decision.[25]

text: Result:

text:
2014 FIFA bidding (majority 12 votes)

Bidders

Votes

Round 1

Round 2

 Brazil

N/A

N/A

 Argentina

Withdrew

 Colombia

Withdrew

text: 2018 and 2022 FIFA World Cups[edit]

text:
2018 Bids:

 Belgium /  Netherlands
 England
 Spain /  Portugal
 Russia

2022 Bids:

 Australia
 Japan
 South Korea
 Qatar
 United States

text:
Wikinews has related news:
 FIFA receives eleven bids for 2018 and 2022 World Cups

text: FIFA announced on 29 October 2007 that it will no longer continue with its continental rotation policy, implemented after the 2006 World Cup host selection. The newest host selection policy is that any country may bid for a World Cup, provided that their continental confederation has not hosted either of the past two World Cups. For the 2018 World Cup bidding process, this meant that bids from Africa and South America were not allowed.

text: For the 2022 World Cup bidding process, this meant that bids from South America and Europe were not allowed.[26][27] Also, FIFA formally allowed joint bids once more (after they were banned in 2002), because there was only one organizing committee per joint bid, unlike Korea–Japan, which had two different organizing committees.[28] Countries that announced their interest included Australia, England, Indonesia, Japan, Qatar, Russia, South Korea, United States, the joint bid of Spain and Portugal and the joint bid of Belgium and Netherlands.[26][29][30]

text: The hosts for both World Cups were announced by the FIFA Executive Committee on 2 December 2010. Russia was selected to host the 2018 FIFA World Cup, making it the first time that the World Cup will be hosted in Eastern Europe and making it the biggest country geographically to host the World Cup. Qatar was selected to host the 2022 FIFA World Cup, making it the first time a World Cup will be held in the Arab World and the second time in Asia since the 2002 tournament in South Korea and Japan. Also, the decision made it the smallest country geographically to host the World Cup.[31]

text:
2018 Results

Nation

Vote

Round 1

Round 2

 Russia

9

13

 Spain /  Portugal

7

7

 Netherlands /  Belgium

4

2

 England

2

Eliminated

Total votes

22

22

text:
2022 results

Nation

Vote

Round 1

Round 2

Round 3

Round 4

 Qatar

11

10

11

14

 United States

3

5

6

8

 South Korea

4

5

5

Eliminated

 Japan

3

2

Eliminated

Eliminated

 Australia

1

Eliminated

Eliminated

Eliminated

Total votes

22

22

22

22

text: 2026 FIFA World Cup[edit]

text: Bids:

text:
Canada /  Mexico /  USA
 Morocco

text: Under FIFA rules as of 2016, the 2026 Cup could not be in either Europe (UEFA) or Asia (AFC),[32][33] leaving an African (CAF) bid, a North American (CONCACAF) bid, a South American (CONMEBOL) bid or an Oceanian (OFC) bid as other possible options.[34] In March 2017, FIFA's president Gianni Infantino confirmed that "Europe (UEFA) and Asia (AFC) had been excluded from the bidding following the selection of Russia and Qatar in 2018 and 2022 respectively."[35]

text: The bidding process was originally scheduled to start in 2015, with the appointment of hosts scheduled for the FIFA Congress on 10 May 2017 in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.[36][37] On 10 June 2015, FIFA announced that the bid process for the 2026 FIFA World Cup was postponed.[38][39] However, following the FIFA Council meeting on 10 May 2016, a new bid schedule was announced for May 2020 as the last in a four-phase process.[40]

text: On 14 October 2016, FIFA said it would accept a tournament-sharing bid by CONCACAF members Canada, Mexico and the United States.[41]

text: On 10 April 2017, Canada, the United States, and Mexico announced their intention to submit a joint bid to co-host, with three-quarters of the games to be played in the U.S., including the final.[42]

text: On 11 August 2017, Morocco officially announced a bid to host.[43]

text: Therefore, the official 2026 FIFA World Cup bids were from two  football confederations. The first one was from CONCACAF, which was triple bid by Canada, United States and Mexico,[41][44][45][46] and the second one was from CAF with a bid by Morocco.[47][48]

text: The host was announced on 13 June 2018 at the 68th FIFA Congress in Moscow, Russia.[49] The United Bid from Canada, Mexico and the United States was selected over the Morocco bid by 134 votes to 65 with 1 selecting neither and 3 abstentions. This will be the first World Cup to be hosted by more than two countries. Mexico becomes the first country to host three men's World Cups and its Estadio Azteca, should selected, will become the first stadium to stage three World Cup tournaments. On the other hand, Canada becomes the fifth country to host both the men's and women's World Cups, after Sweden (Men's: 1958/Women's: 1995), United States (Men's: 1994/Women's: 1999, 2003), Germany (Men's: 1974, 2006/Women's: 2011), and France (Men's: 1934, 1998/Women's: 2019). The United States becomes the first country to host both men's and women's World Cup twice each.

text:
2026 Results

Nation

Vote

Round 1

 Canada /  Mexico /  United States

134

 Morocco

65

None of the Bids

1

Total votes

200

text: 2030 FIFA World Cup[edit]

text: Two early bids for the 2030 FIFA World Cup - the Centennial World Cup - have been proposed. The first bid has been proposed as a collective bid by the members of the Argentine Football Association and Uruguayan Football Association into a proposed joint bid from Uruguay and Argentina.[50] The second bid has been a proposed bid by The Football Association of England.[51] Under FIFA rules as of 2017, the 2030 World Cup cannot be held in Asia (AFC) because the Asian Football Confederation is excluded from the bidding following the selection of Qatar in 2022.[35][51] Also in June 2017, UEFA's president Aleksander Čeferin stated that Europe (UEFA) will definitely fight for its right to host the 2030 World Cup.[52]

text: The Uruguay–Argentina bid would coincide with the centennial anniversary of the first FIFA World Cup final, and the bicentennial of the first Constitution of Uruguay. The Uruguay-Argentina bid was officially confirmed on 29 July 2017. A joint bid was announced by the Argentine Football Association and the Uruguayan Football Association on 29 July 2017.[53] Before Uruguay and Argentina played out a goalless draw in Montevideo, FC Barcelona players Luis Suárez and Lionel Messi promoted the bid with commemorative shirts.[54] On 31 August 2017, it was suggested Paraguay would join as a third host.[55] CONMEBOL, the South American confederation, confirmed the joint three-way bid in September 2017.[56]

text: English FA vice chairman David Gill has proposed that his country could bid for 2030, provided the bidding process is made more transparent.[57] "England is one of few countries that could stage even a 48-nation event in its entirety, while Football Association chief executive Martin Glenn made it clear earlier this year bidding for 2030 was an option."[51] In June 2017, UEFA stated that "it would support a pan-British bid for 2030 or even a single bid from England."[58] Moreover, a possible English bid for 2030 was also backed by the German Football Association.[59]

text: On 17 June 2018, the Royal Moroccan Football Federation announced its co-bidding for the 2030 World Cup. There are two possible joint bids one with the Tunisia and the Algeria or the other with two UEFA members Spain and Portugal.[60][61]

text: On 17 June 2018, the English Football Association announced that they are in talks with home nations over a UK-wide bid to host 2030 World Cup.[62]

text: On 10 July 2018, Egypt's Sports Minister expressed interest in bidding to host.[63]

text: Confirmed bid:

text:
CONMEBOL:
 Uruguay /  Argentina /  Paraguay: Uruguay–Argentina–Paraguay 2030 FIFA World Cup bid[64][65][66][50][58][67]

text: Potential bid:

text:
UEFA:
 United Kingdom ( England/ Scotland/ Northern Ireland/ Wales ): United Kingdom 2030 FIFA World Cup bid[57][51][58][68][62][67]
 Spain:[69]

text:
CAF:
 Morocco/ Tunisia/ Algeria: Morocco 2030 FIFA World Cup bid[60]
 Egypt[63]

text:
CAF/UEFA:
 Morocco/ Spain/ Portugal[70]

text: 2034 FIFA World Cup[edit]

text: The first bid for the 2034 FIFA World Cup has been proposed as a collective bid by the members of the Association of Southeast Asian Nations. The idea of a combined ASEAN bid had been mooted as early as January 2011, when the Football Association of Singapore's then-President, Zainudin Nordin, said in a statement that the proposal had been made at an ASEAN Foreign Ministers meeting.[71] In 2013, Nordin and Special Olympics Malaysia President, Datuk Mohamed Feisol Hassan, recalled the idea for ASEAN to jointly host a World Cup. Under FIFA rules as of 2017, the 2030 World Cup cannot be held in Asia (AFC) as Asian Football Confederation members are excluded from the bidding following the selection of Qatar in 2022.[35][51] Therefore, the earliest bid by an AFC member could be made for 2034.[72][73][74][75][76]

text: Later, Malaysia has withdrawn from involvement but Singapore and other ASEAN countries continued the campaign to submit a joint bid for the World Cup in 2034. In February 2017, ASEAN held talks on launching a joint bid during a visit by FIFA chief Gianni Infantino to Yangon, Myanmar.[77]

text: In July 2017, Joko Driyono, the Vice-President of Indonesia's Football Association, during the meeting in Vietnam said that Indonesia and Thailand were set to lead a consortium of South-East Asian nations in the bid. Driyono added that, for geographic and infrastructure considerations and the expanded format (48 teams), at least two or three ASEAN countries combined would be in a position necessary to host matches.[78][76]

text: In September 2017, the Football Association of Thailand's Deputy CEO, Benjamin Tan, at the ASEAN Football Federation (AFF) Council meeting, confirmed that his Association has "put in their interest to bid and co-host" the 2034 World Cup with Indonesia.[76][71] On the same occasion, the General Secretary of the AFF, Dato Sri Azzuddin Ahmad, confirmed that Indonesia and Thailand will submit a joint bid.[74][75]

text: Indonesia is the only Southeast Asian country to have participated in the World Cup;[79] its national team was the first from Asia to do so and it became one of the fewest World Cup teams to qualify without playing a match because of opponents' withdrawals.[80] The 1938 World Cup is the Indonesians' only appearance to date when they were known as the Dutch East Indies. A loss to Hungary made Indonesia the only national team in World Cup history to have played a single match.[80] Far from ever hosting the World Cup, no other Southeast Asian country has ever played at the tournament. As of June 2018, Indonesia is ranked by FIFA at 164th place.[81]

text: China has announced its interest in bidding several times and reports stated "that China is likely to host the World Cup for the first time in 2034."[82]

text: Egypt is considering the possibility of bidding to host the 2034 FIFA World Cup the country’s Sports and Youth Minister Ashraf Sobhy said on Tuesday.[83]

text: Expressed interest in bidding:

text:
AFC:
 Indonesia[74][75][76] and  Thailand[74][75][76]
 China[82]
CAF:
 Zimbabwe[84]
 Egypt[85]

text: Total bids by country[edit]

text: World Cup-winning bids are bolded. Planned but not-yet-official bids for 2030 and beyond are not included.

text:
Country

Bids

Years

 Germany

6

1938, 1962,[a] 1966,[a] 1974,[a] 1982,[a] 2006

 Morocco

1994, 1998, 2006, 2010, 2026, 2030[b][c]

 Spain

1930, 1966, 1974, 1982, 2018,[d] 2030[c]

 Argentina

5

1938, 1962, 1970, 1978, 2030[e]

 Mexico

1970, 1978, 1986,[f] 2002, 2026[g]

 Brazil

4

1950, 1994, 2006, 2014

 England

1966, 1990, 2006, 2018

 United States

1986, 1994, 2022, 2026[g]

 Italy

3

1930, 1934, 1990

 Japan

1970, 2002,[h] 2022

 Australia

2

1970, 2022

 Canada

1986, 2026[g]

 Chile

1962, 2014

 Colombia

1986,[f] 2014

 Egypt

2010, 2030

 France

1938, 1998

 Netherlands

1930, 2018[i]

 Portugal

2018,[d] 2930[c]

 Russia

1990,[j] 2018

 South Africa

2006, 2010

 South Korea

2002,[h] 2022

  Switzerland

1954, 1998

 Sweden

1934, 1958

 Tunisia

2010[k], 2030[b]

 Uruguay

1930, 2030[e]

 Algeria

1

2030[b]

 Belgium

2018[i]

 Greece

1990

 Hungary

1930

 Iran

1990

 Libya

2010[k]

 Paraguay

2030[e]

 Qatar

2022

text:
^ Jump up to: a b c d Bid by West Germany, which was joined by East Germany in 1990 to form the reunified nation of Germany.

^ Jump up to: a b c Joint bid by Morocco, Tunisia and Algeria.

^ Jump up to: a b c Joint bid by Morocco, Spain and Portugal.

^ Jump up to: a b Joint bid by Portugal and Spain.

^ Jump up to: a b c Joint bid by Argentina, Paraguay and Uruguay.

^ Jump up to: a b Colombia was originally chosen to host the 1986 World Cup, but withdrew from hosting for economic concerns. After a second bidding, Mexico was selected as the replacement host.

^ Jump up to: a b c Joint bid by Canada, Mexico and the United States.

^ Jump up to: a b Joint bid by Japan and South Korea.

^ Jump up to: a b Joint bid by Belgium and the Netherlands.

Jump up ^ Bid by the Soviet Union, which dissolved into multiple countries in 1991 and whose records are inherited by Russia.

^ Jump up to: a b Joint bid by Libya and Tunisia.

text: Host country performances[edit]

text: It is widely considered that home advantage is common in the World Cup, with the host team usually performing above average.[86] Of the eight countries that have won the tournament, only Brazil and Spain have not been champions while hosting, and England has their only title as hosts.

text: Further, Sweden got to its only final as hosts of the 1958 tournament, and only the Swedes and Brazilians finished as runner-up in home soil.[87] The host country reached the semi-finals thirteen times in twenty tournaments, and both Chile and South Korea had their only finishes on the top four at home. Only South Africa in 2010 managed to not go past the group stage.[88]

text:
#

Performance

Team

Year

Pld

W

D

L

Win%

GF

GA

GD

GD/M

GF/M

1

Champion

 Uruguay
1930

4

4

0

0

100%

15

3

12

3

3.8

2

Champion

 France
1998

7

6

1

0

93%

15

2

13

1.9

2.1

3

Champion

 England
1966

6

5

1

0

92%

11

3

8

1.3

1.8

4

Champion

 Italy
1934

5

4

1

0

90%

12

3

9

1.8

2.4

5

Champion

 West Germany
1974

7

6

0

1

86%

13

4

9

1.3

1.9

6

Champion

 Argentina
1978

7

5

1

1

79%

15

4

9

1.3

2.1

7

Runner-up

 Brazil
1950

6

4

1

1

75%

22

6

16

2.7

3.7

8

Runner-up

 Sweden
1958

6

4

1

1

75%

12

7

5

0.8

2

9

Third place

 Italy
1990

7

6

1

0

93%

10

2

8

1.1

1.4

10

Third place

 Germany
2006

7

5

1

1

79%

14

6

8

1.1

2

11

Third place

 Chile
1962

6

4

0

2

67%

10

8

2

0.33

1.3

12

Fourth place

 South Korea
2002

7

3

2

2

57%

8

6

2

0.3

1.1

13

Fourth place

 Brazil
2014

7

3

2

2

57%

11

14

−3

−0.4

1.57

14

Quarter-final

 Russia
2018

5

2

2

1

60%

11

7

4

0.8

2.2

15

Quarter-final

 Mexico
1986

5

3

2

0

80%

6

2

4

0.8

1.2

16

Quarter-final

 Mexico
1970

4

2

1

1

63%

6

4

2

0.5

1.5

17

Quarter-final

  Switzerland
1954

4

2

0

2

50%

11

11

0

0

2.8

18

Quarter-final

 France
1938

2

1

0

1

50%

4

4

0

0

2

19

Second round

 Spain
1982

5

1

2

2

40%

4

5

−1

−0.2

0.8

20

Round of 16

 Japan
2002

4

2

1

1

63%

5

3

2

0.5

1.25

21

Round of 16

 United States
1994

4

1

1

2

38%

3

4

−1

−0.3

0.8

22

Group stage

 South Africa
2010

3

1

1

1

50%

3

5

−2

−0.7

1

text: Win% → Every draw counted as a half win. Wins on penalty shootouts are counted as draws.

text: Notes[edit]

text: Jump up ^ Qatar will debut in the competition in 2022, so its result will also be its best result in history.


document_title: Capital punishment in Ohio

question_text: where are death row inmates housed in ohio

root

text: Capital punishment in Ohio

text: Legal process[edit]

text: When the prosecution seeks the death penalty, the sentence is decided by the jury and must be unanimous.

tag: p

text: In case of a hung jury during the penalty phase of the trial, a life sentence is issued, even if a single juror opposed death (there is no retrial).[1]

text: The power of clemency belongs to the governor of Ohio, after receiving a non-binding recommendation from the Ohio Parole Board.[2]

text: Capital crimes[edit]

text: A charge of aggravated murder with death penalty specifications may occur with at least one of the following special circumstances:[3]

text:
The murder was the assassination of the president of the United States or person in line of succession to the presidency, or of the governor or lieutenant governor of Ohio, or of the president-elect or vice president-elect of the United States, or of the governor-elect of Ohio, or of a candidate for any of the foregoing offices.
The murder was committed for hire.
The murder was committed for the purpose of escaping detection, apprehension, trial, or punishment for another offense committed by the offender.
The murder was committed while the offender was under detention or while the offender was at large after having broken detention.
Prior to the murder, the offender was convicted of a previous offense having as an essential element the purposeful killing of or attempt to kill another, or the current offense was part of a course of conduct involving the offender's purposeful killing of or attempt to kill two or more persons.
The victim was a law enforcement officer, and the offender knew or reasonably should have known that fact, and the officer was either performing duties or the offender acted with the specific purpose of killing such officer.
The murder was committed while the offender was committing, attempting to commit, or fleeing immediately after committing or attempting to commit kidnapping, rape, aggravated arson, aggravated robbery, or aggravated burglary, and either the offender was the principal offender in the commission of the aggravated murder or, if not the principal offender, committed the aggravated murder with prior planning.
The victim was a witness who was purposely killed by the offender either to prevent the victim from testifying, or in retaliation for prior testimony.
The offender, in the commission of the murder, purposefully caused the death of another who was under 13 years of age at the time of the commission of the offense, and either the offender was the principal offender in the commission of the offense or, if not the principal offender, committed the offense with prior planning.
The offense was committed while the offender was committing, attempting to commit, or fleeing immediately after committing or attempting to commit terrorism.

text: Locations and method[edit]

text: Executions in Ohio are currently performed at the Southern Ohio Correctional Facility in Lucasville. Since January 2012, death row for the majority of male inmates is located at the Chillicothe Correctional Institution (CCI) in Chillicothe. A few high security male death row inmates are held at the Ohio State Penitentiary (OSP) in Youngstown. Condemned female inmates are housed at the Ohio Reformatory for Women in Marysville and death row inmates with serious medical conditions are held at the Franklin Medical Center in Columbus.[4] Prior to this, most male death row inmates were held at OSP with a few being held at the Mansfield Correctional Institution in Mansfield. The move to CCI allows the units at OSP and Mansfield to be used to separate violent inmates from the general population and will provide increased security and reduce transportation costs to both the execution chamber at SOCF and to the Franklin Medical Center for inmate medical treatment.[4][5]

text: As of August 4, 2018, Ohio has 137 inmates on death row.[6] One notable case is that of Anthony Sowell, also known as the "Cleveland Strangler", who was condemned for the murder of eleven women whose bodies were discovered by police investigators at his Cleveland, Ohio, duplex at 12205 Imperial Avenue in Mount Pleasant neighborhood.[7]

text: The Los Angeles Times noted in October 2009 that Ohio had three botched executions by lethal injection since 2006: Joseph Lewis Clark, Christopher Newton and Romell Broom.[8] In November 2009, Ohio announced that it would only use a single drug for lethal injections, consisting of a single dose of Sodium thiopental, the first state to do so. The first single drug execution was that of Kenneth Biros, 51, on Tuesday, December 8, 2009.  Biros was convicted of murdering 22-year-old Tami Engstrom near Masury, Ohio in 1991.  Biros' counsel indicated to the U.S. Court of Appeals for the Sixth Circuit that Biros' execution, given that it is the first of its kind, may amount to "human experimentation."  Various appeals for clemency were ultimately denied.  Ohio announced in January 2011 that it will change the drug used from sodium thiopental to pentobarbital, as the availability of sodium thiopental has become quite scarce.  The first execution using pentobarbital, was that of Johnnie Baston, on March 10, 2011.[9]

text: On July 1, 2011, Lundbeck, the Danish pharmaceutical company that holds the sole license to manufacture pentobarbital in the United States, announced that its distributors would deny distribution of pentobarbital to U.S. prisons that carry out the death penalty by lethal injection. Ohio used up its supply of pentobarbital on September 25, 2013, with the execution of Harry Mitts Jr.[10] On January 16, 2014, Ohio executed Dennis McGuire who was convicted of raping and then murdering 22-year-old Joy Stewart who was 30 weeks pregnant, became the first U.S. inmate to be executed with a combination of the drugs midazolam and hydromorphone.[10][11]  The effects of this combination of drugs on the body are controversial and not well understood.[10][12] McGuire took 25 minutes to die, an unusually long time for an execution,[12] being among the longest since Ohio resumed capital punishment in 1999.[13]

text: In January 2015, the Ohio Department of Rehabilitation and Correction announced that all executions scheduled for the remainder of that year would be postponed due to the lack of availability of required drugs. In October 2015, the department further announced that Governor John Kasich had granted additional reprieves to all inmates due to be executed in 2016 for the same reason.[14] Executions resumed in Ohio on July 26, 2017 when the state executed murderer Ronald Phillips.[15]

text: Ohio has failed twice in its efforts to execute an inmate by lethal injection. Both due to the execution teams not being able to find a usable vein, which resulted in both of the executions being aborted. The inmates Romell Broom and Alva Campbell are two of the three people that have survived an execution in the United States in the past 70 years.[16]

text: Earlier history[edit]

text: Prior to 1885, executions were carried out by hanging in the county where the crime was committed. The Northwest Territory's first criminal statutes,[17] also known as Marietta Code,[18] date from 1788, 15 years before Ohio's statehood in 1803. These statutes did not ensure yet any uniform means of execution, nor did they designate where the executions were to take place. The statutory change from 1815 had executions as to be carried out locally and required the local sheriff to be also the local executioner, and in his absence or in any case of him being impeded, the local coroner would have to substitute him.[19] That ordeal appears to be the first statewide attempt to ensure uniform means of execution and to designate where such executions were to take place, but it also appears to just turn into protocol and procedure by law a practice which had institutionalized even before Ohio's statehood in 1803.

text: In 1885, the legislature enacted a law that required executions to be carried out at the Ohio Penitentiary in Columbus by hanging,[20] and law handed the executioner's job to the penitentiary's warden.[21] This practice of naming the State Prison's warden executioner seems to have penetrated deeply into the 20th Century, as we can learn from the 1938 death sentence against Anna Marie Hahn.[22] In 1897 the gallows were replaced by the electrocution, which was considered to be a more technologically advanced and humane method of execution. Ohio also became the second state to use the electric chair. 28 hangings, and 315 electrocutions were carried out at the now defunct Ohio Penitentiary in Columbus from 1885 to 1963.


document_title: Wizards of Waverly Place (season 3)

question_text: wizards of waverly place episode alex meets mason

text: Wizards of Waverly Place (season 3)

text: Opening sequence[edit]

text: The opening sequence is the same as it was for the previous seasons. The characters in the opening sequence still remain in Standard Definition, only the background being converted to high definition.

text: The sequence begins with Alex (Selena Gomez) waking up in the morning with her alarm clock buzzing off. She uses a spell to make the time 6:30. She then goes into the bathroom where Justin (David Henrie) is observing himself in the mirror where Alex pushes him to the side. He gets annoyed and then uses magic to put her into the mirror. In the kitchen, Max (Jake T. Austin) has an orange which turns into a vanilla cupcake. Meanwhile, Harper (Jennifer Stone) meets Alex at the front door while pointing at her watermelon shirt. Back at the kitchen, Max is about to put his cupcake into his backpack when his mother, Teresa (Maria Canals Barrera), makes him turn it back into an orange. Alex tells her mother that she is late for school. In the lair, Jerry (David DeLuise) has his spellbook fly away. He then goes to retrieve it. In the sub shop, Alex opens her book bag and the spellbook goes in. Jerry lectures her as the main title card appears. Then the four friends walk to school.

text: Synopsis[edit]

text: Justin is now a graduated wizard and no longer needs to take wizard training classes with his fellow siblings. Alex now feels the need to step her training skills with a little help from Harper who now lives with the Russos. Justin also continues his relationship with a vampire named Juliet (Bridgit Mendler) and Alex starts a new one with a werewolf named Mason (Gregg Sulkin). Both relationships end badly, with Juliet being transformed to look her real age and Mason turned permanently into a wolf. However, Justin has moved on with help from Harper and Alex, who has resumed her relationship with Mason after "country magic" restores him to human form. Justin attempts to fulfill a number of achievements he thinks make up a successful senior year at high school, including joining the basketball team, being elected student body president, hosting a big party, and winning the science fair with a water powered engine. Meanwhile, Alex meets a teenage wizard named Stevie Nichols (Hayley Kiyoko), who generals the same personality as Alex. Alex and Stevie become friends, much to Harper's dismay. Then, Stevie begins a wizard revolution and Alex tricks her into joining the revolution to freeze Stevie and transport her powers to her brother, Warren. Max then destroys Stevie by accident. Alex has romance going off and on in this season. Max falls for his first girlfriend. The season finale has the family kidnapped by government agents for being wizards. Tricked into believing an alien invasion is coming, Justin tells the agents magic exists, leading to most wizards being captured. The Russos manage to escape with Alex declaring they need to tell the world the truth to save the wizard world.

text: Guest stars and recurring cast include: Bill Chott as Mr. Laritate, Dan Benson as Zeke Beakerman, Hayley Kiyoko as Stevie Nichols, Bridgit Mendler as Juliet Van Heusen, Moisés Arias as Conscience, Bella Thorne as Nancy Lukey, Fred Willard as Mr. Stuffleby, Austin Butler as George, Shakira as Herself, Ted McGinley as Magroder, John O'Hurley as Captain Jim Bob Sherwood, Wilmer Valderrama as Uncle Ernesto, Kate Flannery as Elaine Finkle, and Jeff Garlin as Uncle Kelbo.

text: Cast[edit]

text:
Selena Gomez as Alex Russo
David Henrie as Justin Russo
Jake T. Austin as Max Russo
Jennifer Stone as Harper Finkle
Maria Canals Barrera as Theresa Russo
David DeLuise as Jerry Russo

text: Episodes[edit]

text:
This season consists of 28 episodes.
Filmed in July 2009 to January 2010.

text:
Wizards of Waverly Place Season 3 episodes

No.
overall
No. in
season
Title [1]
Directed by
Written by
Original air date [1]
Prod.
code
U.S. viewers
(millions)

52
1
"Franken Girl"
Bob Koherr
Peter Murrieta
October 9, 2009 (2009-10-09)
301
4.6[2]

As Justin is continuously getting annoyed by Alex breaking into his room and stealing things, he decides to create a female Frankenstein's monster to act as a 'body guard' and names her "Franken Girl". However, when Alex beats the monster and still manages to break into Justin's room, he tries to get revenge by casting a spell to make Franken Girl Alex's best friend but also casts a "spell lock" to stop Alex from reversing the spell. Although initially annoyed by Franken Girl's obsession with her, Alex soon takes a liking to her, which just makes Justin more mad and more eager to seek revenge. He soon thinks up a rather elaborate (and somewhat demented) revenge plan to make Franken Girl love cheerleading (the sport that Alex hates the most) and she forces Alex to join the squad when she sees a flyer of a "cheerleaders wanted" sign. The episode ends with Franken Girl accidentally launching Alex out of the school when Alex mentions "I'll be late for Algebra."
Guest stars: Perry Mattfeld as FrankenGirl, Bill Chott as Mr. Laritate
Notes: This is the first episode of the series to be broadcast in high definition, and the show now utilizes a 'filmized' appearance (though it is still shot on videotape, as is standard with Disney Channel sitcoms beginning with Sonny with a Chance). This episode aired on September 27, 2009 on Disney Channel Middle East. It was the first of two times that Frankengirl appeared. This is the final season playing the original version of the series theme song. Starting in the fourth season, the theme song will be remixed and sung by Selena Gomez.

53
2
"Halloween"
Bob Koherr
Todd J. Greenwald
October 16, 2009 (2009-10-16)
302
4.5[3]

The Russos' haunted house has been lame every year, mostly because Justin insists that they focus on safety and making the right decisions to avoid being "haunted" by them later in life. The person in charge of the haunted house, Mr. Evans, threatens to take the Russos' contribution away if it is not scarier this Halloween. Alex then goes to the wizard world and gets three real (but only mildly scary) ghosts, following her father's orders. However, they aren't scary enough, as at first, Teresa thinks they're just people in masks. Alex and Harper go back to the wizard world and get "Mantooth", the scariest ghost from the wizard world who used to scare Justin at night. Mantooth does something with his face that scares the children so badly that they flee the house. Mr. Evans immediately declares that their haunted house is too scary and takes it away anyway.
Guest stars: Bo Foxworth as Coach, Scott Freeburg as Doug, Daniel Roebuck as Mr. Evans, Sean Whalen as Mantooth, Hilary Hacker as Miss Chenowith, Stephen A.F. Day as Frank, Shannon McClung as Doug's Body, Keith Allan as Wally

54
3
"Monster Hunter"
Bob Koherr
Richard Goodman
October 23, 2009 (2009-10-23)
303
4.3[4]

Justin signs up for Monster Hunting after he masters his 5,000th spell. Knowing that Justin could become the family wizard, Alex studies with help from Harper. Meanwhile, Max performs a spell that separates his conscience from himself. Then, he performs another spell to make monsters go all over the city to sabotage Justin's training even though his conscience tells him not to. Later, Alex, Max and his conscience go to help Justin with the monsters and Alex performs two spells successfully and saves Justin.
Special guest stars: Fred Willard as Mr. Stuffleby, Moisés Arias as Conscience

55
4
"Three Monsters"
Victor Gonzalez
Justin Varava
October 30, 2009 (2009-10-30)
304
4.4[5]

Justin begins his Monster Hunting course and senses that there are three unregistered monsters on Waverly Place. Forgetting that Juliet and her family live there, he tells the professionals, and they come looking for her. Realizing his mistake, Justin tries to fix it by trying to find three other monsters. In the end, the monster hunters take away Franken Girl and Justin's robot. Meanwhile, Max tries to separate himself from his conscience because he thinks that he is trying to steal his mother.
Special guest star: Moisés Arias as Conscience
Guest stars: Bridgit Claire Mendler as Juliet Van Heusen, Andy Kindler as Chancellor Tootietootie, Wendi McLendon-Covey as Dr. Ice, Pat Finn as Luxor
Absent: David DeLuise as Jerry Russo

56
5
"Night at the Lazerama"
Victor Gonzalez
Peter Murrieta
November 6, 2009 (2009-11-06)
306
4.7[6]

For his first official monster hunting assignment, Justin is dispatched to capture a mind controlling mummy after all of the other monster hunters are apparently killed in action. Arriving at the museum, Justin and Juliet end up getting trapped in an exhibit with a soundproof plastic window, leaving them unable to call for help and the window itself immune to Justin's magic. Justin believes that they can wait until morning for a worker to let them out, but quickly realizes otherwise when he remembers that exposure to sunlight will incinerate Juliet. Justin ultimately decides that Juliet needs to look in the mummy's eyes and become his slave in order to leave so she will not be destroyed, though he promises to hunt down the mummy and save Juliet one day.
Meanwhile, Alex, in an attempt to sabotage Max's increasingly good behavior and gain a better chance at winning the wizard competition, has Harper separate Conscience from Max, and Max's behavior becomes increasingly horrific; however, she quickly rushes to fix the problem when Jerry informs her that Conscience will become his own person if he is separated from Max for too long. After reuniting Max and his conscience, Alex discovers Justin's plight and rushes to save him, but arrives too late to save Juliet from the mummy.
Special guest star: Moisés Arias as Conscience
Guest stars: Bridgit Claire Mendler as Juliet Van Heusen, Andy Kindler as Chancellor Tootietootie, John Eric Bentley as Mummy

57
6
"Doll House"
Jean Sagal
Vince Cheung & Ben Montanio
November 20, 2009 (2009-11-20)
305
4.1[7]

After Harper finds out that her parents are moving to Pittsburgh, the Russos offer to clear out their basement so she can live with them and stay in New York. While Alex and Harper clean out the basement to make room for Harper's things, they find Alex's old doll house. Alex shrinks herself down to fit in the doll house to use as her own art studio, but Jerry and Theresa give the doll house away to a little girl named Olive, with Alex still in it. Unable to use magic to get out, as she had dropped her wand, Alex gets Harper's attention and begs her not to tell Justin. However, Harper tells him and then the pair help Alex, when she makes him buy the doll house back. Meanwhile, Justin tries to sell his "Captain Jim-Bob Sherwood Farmhouse Space Command Module" which is worth $400.
Guest stars: Yara Shahidi as Olive, Gregg Binkley as Randy

58
7
"Marathoner Harper"
"Marathoner Helper"
Victor Gonzalez
Vince Cheung & Ben Montanio
December 4, 2009 (2009-12-04)
307
4.2[8]

After Harper wins a marathon, she discovers that Alex used magic to help her win every competition since they were very young, including the marathon. Upset that she never really won anything on her own, Alex decides to let Harper do all the contests again from the past in order to have the opportunity to win without the aid of magic, though things go wrong when Harper proves to be completely incompetent in everything. Meanwhile Justin decides to enter the marathon so he can be the first Russo to win an athletic trophy.
Guest star: Dan Benson as Zeke

59
8
"Alex Charms a Boy"
Bob Koherr
Peter Murrieta
January 15, 2010 (2010-01-15)
313
3.9[9]

Alex meets and falls for Mason, a transfer student from the United Kingdom. After they start dating, she finds him perfect in every way, except for his view of art, which is dogs and parts of American history. Alex tries to make him more American, by throwing water balloons at people (being rude) and laughing in appreciation (making fun of Mr. Laritate and Harper's clothes). In order to make him a better artist, Alex takes matters into her own hands by putting a spell on Mason to make her his new artistic inspiration,which ends up on Mason kissing Alex in the rain. Meanwhile, Justin trains for finding the mummy that took away Juliet, so Jerry gives Justin goggles where you can see behind you so Justin wouldn't have to look into the mummy's eyes and get turned to his minion. During this, it is discovered that, when Max cast the spell that set monsters running loose in an idiotic attempt to sabotage Justin's monster hunting, one of the escaped monsters is said mummy, thus making Max himself indirectly responsible for both Juliet's kidnapping and the deaths of all of the other monster hunters.
Guest stars: Bill Chott as Mr. Laritate, Gregg Sulkin as Mason
Absent: Maria Canals Barrera as Theresa Russo

60
9
"Wizards vs. Werewolves"
Victor Gonzalez
Vince Cheung & Ben Montanio
and
Gigi McCreery & Perry Rein
January 22, 2010 (2010-01-22)
314/315
6.2[10]

In this episode, Justin and Max continue to search for Juliet. Meanwhile, Mason and Alex continue dating and Mason gives her a glowing necklace. However, Mason keeps running away from Alex before the evening. She becomes suspicious and follows him one night. Alex and Harper discover that Mason is actually a werewolf. She confesses that she is a wizard and they continue to date. Mason then reveals that the necklace only glows when someone is in love with the person who put it on the other person. When Justin and Max find out that Mason is a werewolf, Justin thinks that Mason can help track down Juliet. He tracks her scent to Transylvania, where the mummy has been holding Juliet prisoner and expecting Justin, though they destroy the mummy after a brief face-off.
The Russo's happiness at saving Juliet is cut short when it is discovered that Juliet and Mason dated one another three centuries ago, and the situation worsens when Mason impulsively blurts out that he still loves her. Alex throws away the True Love Necklace and breaks up with Mason. Juliet then says that she used to love Mason, but her soulmate is Justin. Alex is heartbroken the next day, and Mason goes to the substation to talk to Alex, but she won't let him explain, and Harper decides to set up an "Alex-watch" to keep the two separate. Later, Mason meets Max, who manages to take him to Alex. Mason is able to persuade Alex to go back to Transylvania with him to search for the True Love Necklace, so that Mason can prove his feelings for her. Justin, Max, and Juliet follow them. At odds with Justin, Mason transforms into a full Werewolf and starts to attack Justin, which results in being attacked by Juliet. During the fight, Juliet bites Mason and is scratched by him in turn: as a result, Juliet loses her vampire powers and quickly ages into a white-haired, wrinkly old lady, and Mason transforms into an actual wolf. Before this happens, however, Alex successfully locates the necklace and puts it on Mason, which proves that he does indeed love her. Realizing that they can no longer be together, Juliet and Mason reluctantly break up with Justin and Alex. They then depart, leaving both Russos completely heartbroken.
Guest stars: Bridgit Claire Mendler as Juliet Van Heusen, Gregg Sulkin as Mason, John Eric Bentley as Mummy

61
10
"Positive Alex"
Victor Gonzalez
Gigi McCreery & Perry Rein
February 26, 2010 (2010-02-26)
308
3.6[11]

Alex has a crush on George, the school's bandleader, but is unable to get his attention because he is turned off by her sour attitude and unenergetic cheers at the school basketball games. Determined to get George to ask her to the school dance, she casts a spell on herself to become a positive person. Unfortunately, the spell backfires when, during the next game, Alex's newfound optimism turns out to be too much when she starts cheering for the opposing team, ultimately leading Tribeca Prep to squander a huge lead and lose the game. Meanwhile, Justin has joined the basketball team and is trying to get a big senior moment captured on video. During the game, Justin gets to play and scores 3 three pointers. However, Max, tasked with capturing the game on videotape, is too fascinated with the camera, conducting somewhat embarrassing zoom-in shots of Theresa and Jerry, and forgets all about the action on the court.
Guest stars: Dan Benson as Zeke, Bill Chott as Mr. Laritate, Austin Butler as George

62
11
"Detention Election"
Bob Koherr
Gigi McCreery & Perry Rein
March 19, 2010 (2010-03-19)
309
3.3[12]

Justin and Zeke are running against each other to become Student Body President. Justin soon finds his efforts put in jeopardy after someone wallpaper's Principal Laritate's office with posters of his campaign and he is accused of masterminding the prank. In Saturday detention, Alex befriends a rebellious new girl at school named Stevie. On their trip to Coney Island, Jerry, Max and Harper are stuck on a Ferris wheel and Max drops his wand in an attempt to get them off. Harper is flashed off the Ferris wheel by Alex, and they both try to help Justin out of trouble. Meanwhile, Justin has gained newfound popularity by taking credit for the prank and also to get more votes for his campaign. But his friendship with Zeke may be strained when he chooses his popularity over his best friend. In the end, Justin wins the race but he is disqualified because of the prank. Alex takes the blame so Justin can become president but Stevie confesses that she pulled off the prank. Justin becomes Student Body President by six votes, but Zeke withdrew his vote when he found out that Justin did not vote. However, Justin gained his friendship with Zeke back and lost his popularity. Harper is sent back on the Ferris wheel by Alex, who was banned and wanted revenge because Jerry, Max and Harper went without her, where Jerry and Max are still stuck on, but luckily she grabbed her jacket made of spicy and teriyaki jerky.
Guest stars: Dan Benson as Zeke, Bill Chott as Mr. Laritate, Hayley Kiyoko as Stevie, Grant Alan as Eddie
Absent: Maria Canals Barrera as Theresa Russo

63
12
"Dude Looks Like Shakira"
Victor Gonzalez
Peter Murrieta
April 16, 2010 (2010-04-16)
317
3.5[13]

Theresa and Jerry go on vacation and leave Uncle Kelbo to watch the kids. When Uncle Kelbo comes he is not him, he is Shakira. He confess to them that there is no Shakira and that he made her up years ago. Uncle Kelbo tells them that there is a strict law against using magic for fame and fortune, Max and Alex try to find a cure so that Uncle Kelbo can stay his real self. Max finds a spell and has the same problem as Uncle Kelbo, except he turns into a garbage can.
Special guest star: Shakira as herself
Guest stars: Jeff Garlin as Uncle Kelbo, Michael Monken as MacGruder
Absent: Jennifer Stone as Harper Finkle

64
13
"Eat to the Beat"
Guy Distad
Richard Goodman
April 30, 2010 (2010-04-30)
310
3.3[14]

After Harper's lunchtime Shakespeare impressions are a total bust, Alex and Stevie ask Justin to hire a rock band to play at lunchtime. Justin agrees, feeling that he owes Stevie since she got him elected to become Student Body President. However, Justin hires a smooth jazz band instead of a rock band, which angers Alex. Harper later finds out that Stevie is a wizard, but instantly forgets it after Stevie uses a spell to erase Harper's short-term memory.
Guest stars: Hayley Kiyoko as Stevie, Aaron Hendry as Grrrtarist, Beau Billingslea as Burt Parks
Absent: Jake T. Austin as Max Russo, Maria Canals Barrera as Theresa Russo, David DeLuise as Jerry Russo

65
14
"Third Wheel"
Robbie Countryman
Justin Varava
April 30, 2010 (2010-04-30)
311
3.6[15]

Harper tells Alex that Stevie is a wizard after Harper sees Stevie use a wand, with Stevie erasing her memory, which Alex helps Harper regain. Alex then confronts Stevie about her secret and the two bond even more because of their magical abilities making Harper feel left out. Meanwhile, Justin and Zeke come with the idea to build a float for the school's homecoming festivities.
Guest stars: Dan Benson as Zeke, Bill Chott as Mr. Laritate, Hayley Kiyoko as Stevie
Absent: Jake T. Austin as Max Russo, Maria Canals Barrera as Theresa Russo

66
15
"The Good, the Bad, and the Alex"
Victor Gonzalez
Todd J. Greenwald
May 7, 2010 (2010-05-07)
312
3.5[16]

Alex is caught off guard when she discovers that Stevie is leading a wizard revolution. To the dismay of Justin and Harper, she decides to help Stevie with her quest to make sure no wizard ever has to give up their powers again. Alex agrees to Stevie shortly after Stevie barricades the wizard portal with a broom stick. Alex and Stevie also ask Max to join in their revolution, to which Max agrees. Max also declares himself as king, so the two girls have to obey his commands. Justin, knowing his sisters antics, orders a Chinese meal that comes with magic fortune cookies that possess the ability to give a glimpse into the future, thus allowing Justin to find out what Alex will end up doing. Alex is seen telling Harper that after it was all over, they would still be friends. Justin tries to stop her, thinking that she would go through with Stevie's plan, but Alex ends up tricking Stevie, using her wand to turn Stevie into a rock-type substance, freezing her body, and transporting all of Stevie's magical powers to her brother. Shortly after this sequence, Max curiously pokes Stevie's frozen body, accidentally tipping her over. Upon impact with the floor, Stevie's frozen body breaks into hundreds of pieces. To Alex it does not matter, because she still has her only true friend Harper, who was, is, and will always be there for Alex until the very end.
Guest stars: Hayley Kiyoko as Stevie, Richard Chiu as Warren, Ezra Weisz as Clown
Absent: Maria Canals Barrera as Theresa Russo

67
16
"Western Show"
Bob Koherr
Justin Varava
May 14, 2010 (2010-05-14)
316
3.5[17]

After Superintendent Clanton fires Mr. Laritate (because of Alex's Rollerskate and Pie Day and Max's carelessness) and takes over his school responsibilities and tortures Alex, Justin and Max, They go to Mr. Laritate where he already has a western themed job. So Alex uses a spell that takes Mr. Laritate back in time to the Old West to convince him to fight for his job. After Mr. Laritate learned a lesson back in the western days, he goes back to the school and asks Clanton to give his job as a principal again.
Guest stars: Ted McGinley as Superintendent Clanton, Bill Chott as Mr. Laritate
Absent: Jennifer Stone as Harper Finkle

68
17
"Alex's Logo"
David DeLuise
David Henrie
May 21, 2010 (2010-05-21)
318
3.7[18]

When Alex's newly designed T-shirts become wildly popular at school, Justin demands that she turn over a fee to the Student Council for selling them on school property. With her generous donation, Alex becomes the winner of the Citizenship award and when Justin puts the truth spell on her to find if she used magic to get the award, he purposefully leaves it on causing her to tell the truth about everyone during her award ceremony speech and then causing everyone to hate her.
Guest star: Bill Chott as Mr. Laritate
Absent: Jennifer Stone as Harper Finkle

69
18
"Dad's Buggin' Out"
Guy Distad
Todd J. Greenwald
June 4, 2010 (2010-06-04)
319
3.4[19]

Justin and Zeke are preparing for the Alien Language League banquet which will be hosted at the Sub Station. Alex carelessly leaves the portal to the Wizard World open, and a pocket elf and fairy escape as well as a Wizard bug, which bites Jerry, and he transforms into a huge insect. He interferes with the Alien Language League Banquet and Justin's hopes of getting a Lifetime Achievement Award by scaring away Joey the Crepe kid and eating all the homemade crepes Theresa was forced to make after Joey ran away, but things take a turn for the better when Alex helps Justin by presenting Jerry in his bug form, as an alien from another planet, knowing how important getting the award is to Justin. In the end Justin is given the Lifetime Achievement Award trophy after all, but Jerry, who is still a giant insect, accidentally melts it.
Guest stars: Dan Benson as Zeke, Michael Monken as MacGruder, Paulie Litt as Joey the Crepe Kid, Rachel Cannon as Flutter, Al Madrigal as Pocket Elf

70
19
"Max's Secret Girlfriend"
Bob Koherr
Gigi McCreery & Perry Rein
June 11, 2010 (2010-06-11)
321
3.2[20]

Alex and Harper find out that Max has a girlfriend named Nancy, but has been keeping it a secret so not to get embarrassed by his family. Later Theresa finds out about it and admonishes him for lying. Since he took his mother's advice, he tells Nancy his secret about being a wizard. The Russos then make up another lie to cover the truth, and Nancy breaks up with him because Max keeps on lying to get her to like him.
Guest star: Bella Thorne as Nancy

71
20
"Alex Russo, Matchmaker?"
David DeLuise
Vince Cheung & Ben Montanio
July 2, 2010 (2010-07-02)
322
3.3[21]

Alex sets Harper up with Justin's best friend Zeke for the school science fair. But Alex becomes frustrated when she sees that Harper and Zeke are actually interested in their science project than sharing romantic feelings for each other. She then casts a spell to make sparks fly between them, which literally happens when they touch. Meanwhile, Justin creates a water-powered engine, while Max "creates life" by finding items under his bed and putting in a barbecue grill.
Guest stars: Dan Benson as Zeke, Ezra Weisz as John, Darrin Butters as Jon

72
21
"Delinquent Justin"
Mary Lou Belli
Justin Varava
July 16, 2010 (2010-07-16)
323
3.6[22]

When Justin is about to graduate high school, Alex tells him that she made a duplicate Justin and put him through four years of college. Justin is revolted, however, to discover that the college version of himself has become a free-spirited hippie who does not care about studying or about life. Soon Alex recombines the two Justins, but the duplicate Justin takes over the mind of the regular Justin, leaving Alex to fix the problem. Meanwhile, Jerry and Theresa try to be better parents.
Guest stars: Dan Benson as Zeke, Bill Chott as Mr. Laritate
Absent: Jake T. Austin as Max Russo

73
22
"Captain Jim Bob Sherwood"
Jean Sagal
Richard Goodman
July 23, 2010 (2010-07-23)
320
3.6[23]

Alex and Justin are chosen to create an issue of the Captain Jim Bob Sherwood comic book, with Justin writing the story and Alex doing the illustrations. But when they can't agree on their ideas, Alex uses magic and displaces Captain Jim Bob from the comic book, leaving him loose out in the city.
Guest star: John O'Hurley as Captain Jim Bob Sherwood

74
23
"Wizards vs. Finkles"
Victor Gonzalez
Peter Dirksen
July 30, 2010 (2010-07-30)
325
3.7[24]

Harper's parents comes to town to audition for a gig as a train vaudeville act in Romania. Harper is completely embarrassed by them, while Alex is won over by them and agrees to join their act, while Harper gets to be in the annual Russo family photo, as both Alex and Harper take on roles in each other's families that they refused to fill themselves—Alex had objected to being in the family photo, and Harper had objected to joining the vaudeville act. However, Alex learns that being in the act is not all fun and games and soon wants out.
Guest stars: Dan Benson as Zeke, Kate Flannery as Elaine Finkle, Scot Robinson as Marty Finkle
Absent: Maria Canals Barrera as Theresa Russo

75
24
"All About You-Niverse"
Bob Koherr
Marcus Alexander Hart
August 20, 2010 (2010-08-20)
326
3.7[25]

After Alex is punished for one of her schemes in order to go on the class trip to Europe, she defiantly steps into a magical mirror and her world instantly becomes all about her. Alex enjoys how everyone listens to her, but when her mother tries to call her back, mirror-Harper breaks the mirror and could possibly be trapped in that world forever. Justin and Zeke hold an e-waste drive for old electronics in order to save themselves for the "Robot Revolution".
Guest star: Dan Benson as Zeke
Absent: Jake T. Austin as Max Russo, David DeLuise as Jerry Russo

76
25
"Uncle Ernesto"
Bob Koherr
Todd J. Greenwald
August 27, 2010 (2010-08-27)
327
3.4[26]

Justin, Alex and Max promise a magic-free night for their mother's birthday. When they invite their Uncle Ernesto over, they must stow away magical gifts from Uncle Kelbo. After opening the presents, chaos breaks out as the kids try to hide magic from their mother and uncle. In the end of the episode, Alex proves that she loves her mother more than magic by discarding the egg of a FuChicken (see "Magical objects" section below) which would have told who would win the wizard competition.
Special guest star: Wilmer Valderrama as Uncle Ernesto
Guest star: Michael D. Cohen as Swiss Army Elf

77
26
"Moving On"
Robbie Countryman
Peter Murrieta
September 10, 2010 (2010-09-10)
324
4.5[27]

When Justin fails to get over Juliet, Alex transforms Harper into a young version of Juliet. Justin is delighted to see her again, until Harper, as Juliet, tries to make him move on. She does convince him to move on after revealing herself. The episode ends with Justin on a date with his new girlfriend and the real Juliet watching him from afar, with a smile on her face.
Special guest star: Bridgit Claire Mendler as Juliet Van Heusen
Guest star: Laura Samuels as Sara

78
27
"Wizards Unleashed"
"Alex Saves Mason (Alternative) / Puppy Love (United Kingdom)"
Victor Gonzalez
Vince Cheung & Ben Montanio (Part 1)
Justin Varava (Part 2)
October 1, 2010 (2010-10-01)
328-329
4.8[28]

After Alex sees on the news a feature about a painting wolf in the Pocono Mountains, she automatically believes that it is Mason. Justin, Max, and Alex flash to the location of the wolf, and learn that it is indeed Mason. However, they then learn that Mason is being held against his will by a family of hillbilly wizards who will agree to give Mason back to Alex in exchange for the Russos' wizard world portal. Alex agrees to make the exchange, unbeknownst to her brothers. The hillbilly family arrive at the Russos' lair for the exchange but Alex fools them by concealing their portal with an anti-magic realm. Because of that, Mason, who had transformed to his human form, reverts back to a wolf as a form of revenge from the hillbillies. The Russos figure out about the transforming hillbilly music and use it on Mason, but he is turned to a half wolf/half human. Until then, they have to find the missing instrument for the hillbilly song; Mason is stuck in his half wolf/half human form, leaving Alex embarrassed to be seen with him in public. Meanwhile, Zeke and Harper take care of the Sub Station and Harper tries to make Zeke kiss her all the while. At Zeke's party, Mason's cover is blown and Alex is humiliated, leaving Mason heartbroken and he leaves her. Harper tells Alex about how she always wore eccentric, flashy clothing but Alex wasn't afraid to be seen with her at all and the same should go for Mason. Alex flashes herself into the elevator where Mason is scratching his neck and apologizes and says she loves him and kisses him. They go back to Zeke's apartment, unaffected by everyone's stares and gawks and they dance, laughing at all their good memories when they were an art couple at Tribeca Prep. In the end, Justin finds the missing instrument, the mouth harp, and plays it and Mason is back to his human form. In the meantime, Theresa and Jerry go on an anniversary trip to Connecticut and stay in a cheap motel, using a camera concealed in a teddy bear to check on the Sub Station. This is a one-hour special.
Special guest star: Gregg Sulkin as Mason
Guest stars: Dan Benson as Zeke, Mary-Pat Green as Ma, Gary Grubbs as Pa

79
28
"Wizards Exposed"
Bob Koherr
Richard Goodman
October 15, 2010 (2010-10-15)
330
4.3[29]

The government finds out that the Russo family are wizards, and takes them into custody to find out more. Max and Alex are both interrogated by Agent Lamwood and Scientist One, but both refuse to say anything. When Justin is interrogated, he is tricked into thinking that aliens are going to attack so he reveals that he is a wizard and that they have a wizard lair. Meanwhile, Harper is trying to find out how to contact the wizard world to inform them of the Russo's abduction; she tells Mason who decides to go through the portal to find help. The government raids the wizard world and arrests many wizards, including Professor Crumbs and Chancellor Rudy Tootietootie, as well as Mason along with the Russo family. The Russo family escape the prison and learn that all magic has been switched off. With the help of a magic cootie catcher given by Professor Crumbs, Alex casts a spell duplicating their family three times so they can think of a plan to escape. Scientist One helps the Russo family, Mason, and Rooty Tootietootie escape telling them that Agent Lamwood is crazy because they are supposed to be researching lizards not wizards. The episode ends on a cliffhanger as the Russo family wonder what to do and whether Alex is right in saying they should reveal to the world that wizards exist to save their fellow wizards.
Special guest star: Gregg Sulkin as Mason
Guest stars: Dan Benson as Zeke, Jonathan Kite as Agent Lamwood, Daryl "Chill" Mitchell as Scientist One, Ian Abercrombie as Professor Crumbs, Andy Kindler as Chancellor Tootietootie
Note: This episode ends on a cliffhanger and is resumed in the season 4 opener, "Alex Tells The World".


document_title: Sausage Party

question_text: who does danny mcbride play in sausage party

text: Sausage Party

text: Plot[edit]

text: A supermarket called Shopwell's is filled with anthropomorphic grocery items that worship the human shoppers as gods who take groceries to a utopia known as the "Great Beyond" after they are purchased. Among the groceries in the store is a sausage named Frank, who dreams of living in the Great Beyond with his hot dog bun girlfriend, Brenda, and finally consummating their relationship.

text: After Frank and Brenda's packages are chosen by a woman named Camille Toh to leave Shopwell's, a returned jar of Bickle's Honey Mustard tries to warn the groceries that the Great Beyond is a lie; nobody listens except for Frank. Honey Mustard calls on Frank to seek out a bottle of liquor named Firewater, and then falls to his death. This creates an accidental cart collision that causes Frank, Brenda, and several groceries to fall out, including an aggressive douche who gets his nozzle bent, and plots revenge against Frank and Brenda.

text: Seeking to verify Honey Mustard's warning, Frank leads Brenda, a lavash named Kareem Abdul Lavash, and a bagel named Sammy Bagel Jr. to the store's liquor aisle under the guise of taking a shortcut to their proper aisles. There, he smokes cannabis out of a kazoo and learns from Firewater that he and other non-perishable foods invented the story of the Great Beyond as a noble lie to assuage past foods' fears of being eaten by shoppers. Frank, vowing to reveal the truth to the groceries, is encouraged to travel beyond the store's freezer section to find proof. While waiting for Frank, Brenda and the others are led into the Mexican aisle by a bottle of Sigueme Tequila, where they meet Teresa del Taco, a taco who falls in love with Brenda on sight.

text: Meanwhile, Frank's friends Carl and deformed sausage Barry are horrified as they witness the other purchased foods being cooked and eaten by Camille, shown from the foods' perspective as a brutal murder. They try to escape out a window, but Carl is sliced in half and killed by Camille and Barry only succeeds. He then stumbles across a human druggie, who becomes able to communicate with his groceries after he injects himself with bath salts. After unsuccessfully attempting to cook Barry, the druggie is decapitated in a domestic accident.

text: After Frank separates from his friends, who disapprove of his skepticism of the Great Beyond, he discovers a cookbook behind the freezer section and reveals its contents to the rest of Shopwell's groceries. Initially panicking, the groceries choose not to believe Frank out of fear of losing their sense of purpose, prompting Frank to lash out at them for their blind belief. Barry and other groceries from the druggie's home return to the store with the druggie's severed head, revealing that the humans can be killed. The groceries are able to drug the human shoppers and employees using toothpicks laced with bath salts. When the drugged humans begin attacking the groceries, Frank convinces everyone to listen to him and join the fight against the humans.

text: A store-wide battle ensues with several humans getting gruesomely killed. Douche, who has absorbed the contents of liquor bottles, becomes a wild monster and takes control of Darren, the store manager, by inserting himself into his anus and yanking on his scrotum to puppeteer his actions. Once they catch Frank, Douche gets revenge by biting on Frank's torso. Barry and the other foods launch a rocket at Douche and Darren made from propane tanks and a garbage bin used to dispose of expired foods, killing them both right after Brenda rescues Frank. With the battle over, Frank, Brenda, Barry, Kareem, Sammy, Teresa and the other foods celebrate their victory with an orgy.

text: Afterwards, the gang meets Firewater and Gum, a Stephen Hawking-esque wad of chewing gum, who have had a psychedelic experience and discovered that their world is not real, and that they are merely cartoons voiced by famous actors in another dimension. Gum has constructed a portal to this dimension, and the groceries decide to travel there to meet their creators.

text: Voice cast[edit]

text:
Seth Rogen as Frank Wienerton, a sausage who sets out to discover and expose the truth of his and his fellow groceries' existence.[8][13][14]
Kristen Wiig as Brenda Bunson, a hot dog bun from an 8-bun package of Glamour Buns (net weight 340 grams) who is Frank's girlfriend.[14][15]
Jonah Hill as Carl, a sausage who is friends with Frank and Barry.[8][13][14]
Bill Hader as Firewater, an old Native American bottle of liquor and the leader of the immortal Non-Perishables.[14]
Michael Cera as Barry, a deformed sausage who is one of Frank's friends.[8][14][15]
James Franco as the Druggie, the first human to see the foods as sentient beings after injecting himself with bath salts.
Danny McBride as a jar of Bickle's Honey Mustard who is returned to his Shopwell's shelf upon the shopper mistaking him for actual mustard and tries to warn Frank and the other products of the reality of the "Great Beyond".[16]
Craig Robinson as Mr. Grits, a box of grits who is one of the immortal Non-Perishables.
Paul Rudd as Darren, the manager of Shopwell's who is nicknamed the "Dark Lord" as he disposes of expired food and spilled items.[16]
Nick Kroll as a literal and figurative douche who seeks revenge on Frank for breaking his nozzle and preventing him from reaching the "Great Beyond".[14][15]
David Krumholtz as Kareem Abdul Lavash, a Middle Eastern lavash who has a rivalry with Sammy Bagel Jr..[8][14][15]
Edward Norton as Sammy Bagel Jr., a Jewish Woody Allen-esque bagel who has an on and off rivalry with Lavash.[8][14][15]
Salma Hayek as Teresa del Taco, a Mexican lesbian taco shell who has a crush on Brenda.[14][17]

text: Rogen has an additional minor role in the film as Sgt. Pepper, a red pepper sergeant. Hader similarly has two additional roles as a bottle of Sigueme Tequila and a guacamole gangster named El Guaco.[14] Both Rogen and Norton also appear as the uncredited live-action faces of themselves at the end of the film. Anders Holm voices Troy, one of the sausages who picks on Barry. Rogen's wife Lauren Miller voices Camille Toh, a woman who purchases Frank and Brenda's packages, and a tampon who absorbs Darren's spilled blood. Harland Williams voices Baba Ganoush, a drug dealer that the Druggie gets the bath salts from, and a bottle of ketchup that tries to comfort Honey Mustard upon his return. Directors Conrad Vernon and Greg Tiernan have various cameo appearances throughout the film: Vernon as an Ed Wynn-esque roll of toilet paper, an Adolf Hitler-esque sauerkraut, a catcalling sausage, a grape, a beer can, and a pop bottle; and Tiernan as an Irish potato and a can of noodle soup. Storyboard artist Scott Underwood plays Gum, a Stephen Hawking-esque wad of chewing gum; Twink, a homosexual Twinkie who is one of the Non-Perishables; and two groceries owned by the druggie: a bag of Krinkler's Potato chips and a half-eaten slice of pizza.

text: Production[edit]

text: Rogen has stated that he worked for eight years to get the film made; however, the content worried most film studios and they thus did not pick it up.[18] Noting that the film came from "an innocent place", Rogen stated "'What would it be like if our food had feelings?' We very quickly realized that it would be fucked up."[19] Goldberg revealed the project to Indiewire in July 2010, stating it was a "top secret super project". Initially, Indiewire was skeptical that the project was real and not a hoax on Goldberg's part, but after vetting, it did confirm that it was in the works.[13] In November 2010, Hill independently confirmed to MTV News that he was working on an R-rated 3D animated film.[20]

text: The film was formally announced in September 2013 as a partnership between Sony Pictures Entertainment, Annapurna Pictures and Point Grey Pictures.[21] On May 29, 2014, it was announced that the film would be released on June 3, 2016,[22] but in early 2016, the release date was revised to August 12, 2016. In January 2014, Rogen, Hill, James Franco and Kristen Wiig were announced as the leads in the film. The other cast includes Edward Norton, Michael Cera, David Krumholtz and Nick Kroll.[15] On April 9, 2014, Salma Hayek was set to lend her voice to the film as Teresa the Taco.[17] It was also announced that Paul Rudd, Danny McBride and Anders Holm would voice characters in the film.[16]

text: The film received an R rating for strong crude sexual content, pervasive language and drug use. When Rogen initially submitted the film to the MPAA, however, they assigned it with an NC-17 rating due to the visibility of pubic hair on Lavash's scrotum. In order to be assigned an R rating, the pubic hair was removed.[23][24][25][26]

text: Music[edit]

text: Soundtrack[edit]

text:
Sausage Party

Film score by Alan Menken and Christopher Lennertz

Released
August 5, 2016

Recorded
2016

Genre
Film score

Length
74:49

Label
Madison Gate Records
Sony Music Masterworks

Producer
Alan Menken
Christopher Lennertz

Alan Menken film scores chronology

Mirror Mirror
(2012)Mirror Mirror2012
Sausage Party
(2016)
Beauty and the Beast
(2017)Beauty and the Beast2017

Christopher Lennertz chronology

The Boss
(2016) The Boss2016
Sausage Party
(2016) Sausage Party2016
Smurfs: The Lost Village
(2017) Smurfs: The Lost Village2017

text: The film's score was composed by Alan Menken and Christopher Lennertz. The soundtrack was released on August 5, 2016 by Madison Gate Records and Sony Music Masterworks.

text: Track listing[edit]

text: All music composed by Alan Menken and Christopher Lennertz, except as noted.

text:
[show]Track listing

No.
Title
Length

1.
"The Great Beyond" (performed by Sausage Party Cast)
3:13

2.
"Darren, the Dark Lord"
0:55

3.
"Chosen"
1:50

4.
"I'd Do Anything for Love (But I Won't Do That)" (performed by Meat Loaf)
5:14

5.
"The Crash"
2:34

6.
"Douche Loses It"
2:16

7.
"Wake Me Up Before You Go-Go" (performed by Wham!)
3:50

8.
"Our Heroes"
2:31

9.
"He's Coming"
1:47

10.
"Food Massacre"
3:15

11.
"Hungry Eyes" (performed by Eric Carmen)
3:47

12.
"True" (performed by Spandau Ballet)
5:31

13.
"The Spooge"
3:46

14.
"Magical Sausage"
1:40

15.
"Gone" (performed by JR JR)
3:46

16.
"We're Home"
3:29

17.
"The Cookbook"
1:26

18.
"I Have Proof"
3:06

19.
"Big Speech"
3:04

20.
"The Big Fight"
2:37

21.
"Final Battle"
4:04

22.
"It's Your Thing" (performed by The Isley Brothers)
2:46

23.
"Finale"
2:24

24.
"Joy to the World" (performed by Three Dog Night)
3:14

25.
"The Great Beyond Around the World" (performed by Sausage Party Cast)
2:44

Total length:
74:49

text: Release[edit]

text: Premiere and theatrical release[edit]

text: A rough cut of the film was shown at the South by Southwest Film Festival on March 14, 2016.[12] The final cut of the film screened at Just for Laughs on July 30, 2016.[27] The film was theatrically released in the United States and Canada on August 12, 2016.[28] The film was released in the United Kingdom on September 2, 2016.[29]

text: Home media[edit]

text: Sausage Party was released by Sony Pictures Home Entertainment on Blu-ray, DVD and digital download on November 8, 2016.[30]

text: Video game[edit]

text: Frank and Brenda, two main characters from the film, make guest appearances in the mobile fighting game Sausage Legend, released by Milkcorp for iOS and Android, as part of a limited special event, running from March 6, 2017 through July 31, 2017.[31][32] As this game involves dueling with sausages, players in this game can unlock and control Brenda, who swings Frank around to battle other sausages.[33]

text: Reception[edit]

text: Box office[edit]

text: Sausage Party grossed $97.7 million in North America and $42.8 million in other territories for a worldwide total of $140.4 million, against a budget of $19 million.[7] The film is the most commercially successful R-rated animated film of all time, replacing South Park: Bigger, Longer & Uncut (which held the record for 17 years),[34] and made a net profit of $47.06 million, when factoring together all expenses and revenues.[35]

text: In the United States and Canada, Sausage Party was released on August 12, 2016, alongside Pete's Dragon and Florence Foster Jenkins, and was initially projected to gross $15–20 million from 2,805 theaters in its opening weekend.[5] However, after grossing $3.3 million from Thursday night previews (more than the $1.7 million made by Rogen's Neighbors 2: Sorority Rising in May) and $13.5 million on its first day, weekend projections were increased to $30–35 million. The film ended up grossing $33.6 million in its opening weekend, finishing second at the box office, behind Suicide Squad.[36]

text: Outside North America, the biggest markets are the United Kingdom, Australia, Spain, Germany, Russia and Israel, where the film grossed $10.2 million, $6.8 million, $4.1 million, $3.5 million $2.6 million and $2 million respectively.[37]

text: Critical response[edit]

text: On review aggregation website Rotten Tomatoes the film has an approval rating of 82% based on 192 reviews, with an average rating of 6.8/10. The site's critical consensus reads, "Sausage Party is definitely offensive, but backs up its enthusiastic profanity with an impressively high laugh-to-gag ratio – and a surprisingly thought-provoking storyline."[38] On Metacritic, the film has a score of 66 out of 100, based on 39 critics, indicating "generally favorable reviews".[39] Audiences polled by CinemaScore gave the film an average grade of "B" on an A+ to F scale.[40]

text: Vince Mancini of Uproxx wrote "Sausage Party's most charming quality is that it feels exactly like a group of 13-year-olds trying to entertain themselves, with excessive C-bombs and constant groan-worthy food puns."[41] Richard Roeper gave the film three out of four stars, saying, "Despite all the cursing and envelope-pushing and bat-bleep crazy sexual stuff, Sausage Party isn't mean-spirited. It's just … stupid. But also pretty smart. And funny as hell."[42] Lindsey Bahr of Associated Press gave the film a positive review and wrote: "There is no one out there making comedies quite like Rogen and Goldberg. They are putting their definitive stamp on the modern American comedy one decency-smashing double entendre at a time."[43]

text: Accolades[edit]

text:
Award
Date of ceremony
Category
Recipient(s)
Result
Ref(s)

Annie Awards
February 4, 2017
Outstanding Achievement, Editorial in an Animated Feature Production
Kevin Pavlovic
Nominated
[44]

Central Ohio Film Critics Association
January 6, 2017
Best Animated Feature Film
Sausage Party

Hollywood Music in Media Awards
November 17, 2016
Best Original Song – Animated Film
"The Great Beyond" – Alan Menken, Glenn Slater, Seth Rogen and Evan Goldberg
[45][46]

Houston Film Critics Society
January 6, 2017
Best Animated Feature Film
Sausage Party
[47][48]

Indiana Film Journalists Association
December 19, 2016
Best Animated Feature Film
Runner-up
[49]

Best Vocal/Motion Capture Performance
Nick Kroll
2nd Place

2017 MTV Movie & TV Awards
May 7, 2017
Best Comedic Performance
Seth Rogen
Nominated
[50]

Village Voice Film Poll
January 6, 2017
Best Animated Feature
Sausage Party
5th place
[51]

Washington D.C. Area Film Critics Association
December 5, 2016
Best Animated Feature
Greg Tiernan and Conrad Vernon
Nominated
[52]

text: Controversy[edit]

text: Work conditions[edit]

text: After release, controversy emerged after anonymous comments attributed to the animators on a Cartoon Brew article suggested that the animators at Nitrogen Studios worked under poor conditions and were forced by director Greg Tiernan to work overtime without pay.[53] A total of 36 of the 83 animators were blacklisted and went uncredited in the film, believed to be due to their complaints; comments made in anonymous interviews by some of the animators involved in the project by Variety, The Washington Post, and The Hollywood Reporter alleged that the comments were accurate. All the animators in the film were reportedly told outright that they would be blacklisted if they did not work overtime without pay.[53][54][55]

text: Rating in France[edit]

text: The film was granted a −12 certificate by France's classification commission. Jean-Frédéric Poisson, the President of the Christian Democratic Party, criticized the decision and said, "An orgy scene for 12-year-olds! Everything remains to be done to combat early exposure to pornography".[56]

text: Sequel[edit]

text: Rogen has expressed interest in making a Sausage Party 2 and more animated films aimed for adults. When asked about a sequel, Rogen stated: "It's something we talk about, yeah. That's one of the reasons why we took away the [original] ending[57] because we thought, well, if that was the first scene of the next movie it's probably not what you would want it to be, with them just seeing us and finding us basically. But the idea of a live-action/animated movie, like a Who Framed Roger Rabbit-style hybrid, is also very exciting, mostly because Who Framed Roger Rabbit is one of my favorite movies of all time."[58]


document_title: Epiphenomenon

question_text: who argued that imagery might be an epiphenomenon

text: Epiphenomenon

text: Examples[edit]

text: Metaphysics[edit]

text: The problem of epiphenomena is often a counterexample to theories of causation and is identified with situations in which an event E is caused by (or, is said to be caused by) an event C, which also causes (or, is said to cause) an event F. For example, take a simplified Lewisian counterfactual analysis of causation that the meaning of propositions about causal relationships between two events A and B can be explained in terms of counterfactual conditionals of the form “if A had not occurred then B would not have occurred”. Suppose that C causes E necessarily and that C has an epiphenomenon F necessarily. We then have that if E had not occurred, then F would not have occurred, either. But then according to the counterfactual analysis of causation, the proposition that there is a causal dependence of F on E is true; that is, on this view, E caused F. Since this is not in line with how we ordinarily speak about causation (we would not say that E caused F), a counterfactual analysis seems to be insufficient.

text: Philosophy of mind and psychology[edit]

text: An epiphenomenon can be an effect of primary phenomena, but cannot affect a primary phenomenon. In philosophy of mind, epiphenomenalism is the view that mental phenomena are epiphenomena in that they can be caused by physical phenomena, but cannot cause physical phenomena. In strong epiphenomenalism, epiphenomena that are mental phenomena can only be caused by physical phenomena, not by other mental phenomena. In weak epiphenomenalism, epiphenomena that are mental phenomena can be caused by both physical phenomena and other mental phenomena, but mental phenomena cannot be the cause of any physical phenomenon.

text: The physical world operates independently of the mental world in epiphenomenalism; the mental world exists as a derivative parallel world to the physical world, affected by the physical world (and by other epiphenomena in weak epiphenomenalism), but not able to have an effect on the physical world. Instrumentalist versions of epiphenomenalism allow some mental phenomena to cause physical phenomena, when those mental phenomena can be strictly analyzable as summaries of physical phenomena, preserving causality of the physical world to be strictly analyzable by other physical phenomena.[3]

text: Medicine[edit]

text: In the more general use of the word, a causal relationship between the phenomena is implied;[1][2] the epiphenomenon is a consequence of the primary phenomenon.[1][2] This is the sense that is related to the noun epiphenomenalism.

text: However, in medicine, this relationship is typically not implied, and the word is usually used in its second sense: an epiphenomenon may occur independently, and is called an epiphenomenon because it is not the primary phenomenon under study or because only correlation, not causation, is known or suspected. In this sense, saying that X is associated with Y as an epiphenomenon is preserving an acknowledgment that correlation does not imply causation. Signs, symptoms, syndromes (groups of symptoms), and risk factors can all be epiphenomena in this sense. For example, having an increased risk of breast cancer concurrent with taking an antibiotic is an epiphenomenon. It is not the antibiotic that is causing the increased risk, but the increased inflammation associated with the bacterial infection that prompted the taking of an antibiotic. The metaphor of a tree is one way of helping to explain the difference to someone struggling to understand. If the infection is the root of the tree, and the inflammation is the trunk, then the cancer and the antibiotic are two branches; the antibiotic is not the trunk.

text: Electromagnetism[edit]

text: Although electronics is said to be due to the influence of electrons, the standard approach to the study of electrical phenomena due to James Clerk Maxwell views these particles as secondary:

text: Free will[edit]

text: According to epiphenomenalism, free will having an effect on the physical world is an illusion,[5] as physical phenomena can only be caused by other physical phenomena. In weak epiphenomenalism, there is free will to cause some mental effects, allowing for mental discipline that is directed at other mental phenomena.

text: Behaviorism[edit]

text: Weak versions of behaviorism in psychology admit the existence of mental phenomena but not their meaningful study as causes of observable behavior and view mental phenomena as either epiphenomena or linguistic summaries, instruments to examine objectively observable physical behavior.

text: Complexity[edit]

text: In the field of complex systems, the term epiphenomenon tends to be used interchangeably with "emergent effect".

text: Propositional theory[edit]

text: Zenon Pylyshyn suggested a propositional model of cognition where people do not conceptualize ideas in images but rather in meaningful relationships. In this theory, epiphenomena refer to images because they are merely products people conceptualize from their actual thought processes.[6] Pylyshyn defends his claim by explaining that we only see images when we envision the form of an object. While visualizing objects or actions is a frequent process in our mind, it does not occur when we are considering the meaning behind an action or the non-visual properties of an object. There are many concepts we simply cannot envision.[7] Additionally, when envisioning an image, it changes based on our preconceived notions, suggesting that semantic relations precede visual images. Unfortunately, the idea of epiphenomena in propositional theory is largely subjective and not falsifiable.[8]