document_title: Fundamental rights in India

question_text: fundamental right available only to citizen of india

root

text: Fundamental rights in India

text: Genesis[edit]

text: The development of such constitutionally guaranteed fundamental human rights in India was inspired by historical examples such as England's Bill of Rights (1689), the United States Bill of Rights (approved on 17 September 1787, final ratification on 15 December 1791) and France's Declaration of the Rights of Man (created during the revolution of 1789, and ratified on 26 August 1789).[2]

tag: p

text: In 1919, the Rowlatt Act gave extensive powers to the British government and police, and allowed indefinite arrest and detention of individuals, warrant-less searches and seizures, restrictions on public gatherings, and intensive censorship of media and publications. The public opposition to this act eventually led to mass campaigns of non-violent civil disobedience throughout the country demanding guaranteed civil freedoms, and limitations on government power. Indians, who were seeking independence and their own government, were particularly influenced by the independence of Ireland and the development of the Irish constitution. Also, the directive principles of state policy in Irish constitution were looked upon by the people of India as an inspiration for the independent India's government to comprehensively tackle complex social and economic challenges across a vast, diverse nation and population.

text: In 1928, the Nehru Commission composing of representatives of Indian political parties proposed constitutional reforms for India that apart from calling for dominion status for India and elections under universal suffrage, would guarantee rights deemed fundamental, representation for religious and ethnic minorities, and limit the powers of the government. In 1931, the Indian National Congress (the largest Indian political party of the time) adopted resolutions committing itself to the defence of fundamental civil rights, as well as socio-economic rights such as the minimum wage and the abolition of untouchability and serfdom.[3] Committing themselves to socialism in 1936, the Congress leaders took examples from the Constitution of the Soviet Union, which inspired the fundamental duties of citizens as a means of collective patriotic responsibility for national interests and challenges.

text: Task of developing a constitution for the nation was undertaken by the Constituent Assembly of India, composing of elected representatives. The Constituent Assembly first met on 9 December 1946 under the presidency of Dr. Sachidanand later Dr. Rajendra Prasad was made its president. While members of Congress composed of a large majority, Congress leaders appointed persons from diverse political backgrounds to responsibilities of developing the constitution and national laws.[4] Notably, Bhimrao Ramji Ambedkar became the chairperson of the drafting committee, while Jawaharlal Nehru and Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel became chairpersons of committees and sub-committees responsible for different subjects. A notable development during that period having significant effect on the Indian constitution took place on 10 December 1948 when the United Nations General Assembly adopted the Universal Declaration of Human Rights and called upon all member states to adopt these rights in their respective constitutions.

text: The fundamental rights were included in the First Draft Constitution (February 1948), the Second Draft Constitution (17 October 1948) and final Third Draft Constitution (26 November 1949), prepared by the Drafting Committee.

text: Significance and characteristics[edit]

text: The fundamental rights were included in the constitution because they were considered essential for the development of the personality of every individual and to preserve human dignity. The writers of the constitution regarded democracy of no avail if civil liberties, like freedom of speech and religion were not recognised and protected by the State.[5] According to them, "democracy" is, in essence, a government by opinion and therefore, the means of formulating public opinion should be secured to the people of a democratic nation. For this purpose, the constitution guaranteed to all the citizens of India the freedom of speech and expression and various other freedoms in the form of the fundamental rights.[6]

text:
Rights
Theoretical distinctions

Claim rights and liberty rights
Individual and group rights
Natural and legal rights
Negative and positive rights

Human rights

Civil and political
Economic, social and cultural
Three generations

Rights by beneficiary
AnimalsAuthorsChildrenConsumersCreditorsEldersFathersFetusesGun ownersHumansNativesIntersexKingsLGBTMenMinoritiesMothersPatientsPlantsPrisonersSelf defenseStudentsVictimsWomenWorkersYouthDisabled persons

Other groups of rights
Civil libertiesDigitalLinguisticPropertyReproductiveSelf-determination of peopleWater and sanitation
vte

tag: table

text: All people, irrespective of race, religion, caste or sex, have been given the right to petition directly the Supreme Court or the High Courts for the enforcement of their fundamental rights. It is not necessary that the aggrieved party has to be the one to do so. Poverty stricken people may not have the means to do so and therefore, in the public interest, anyone can commence litigation in the court on their behalf. This is known as "Public interest litigation".[7] In some cases, High Court judges have acted suo moto on their own on the basis of newspaper reports.

text: These fundamental rights help not only in protection but also the prevention of gross violations of human rights. They emphasise on the fundamental unity of India by guaranteeing to all citizens the access and use of the same facilities, irrespective of background. Some fundamental rights apply for persons of any nationality whereas others are available only to the citizens of India. The right to life and personal liberty is available to all people and so is the right to freedom of religion. On the other hand, freedoms of speech and expression and freedom to reside and settle in any part of the country are reserved to citizens alone, including non-resident Indian citizens.[8] The right to equality in matters of public employment cannot be conferred to overseas citizens of India.[9]

text: Fundamental rights primarily protect individuals from any arbitrary state actions, but some rights are enforceable against individuals.[10] For instance, the Constitution abolishes untouchability and also prohibits begar. These provisions act as a check both on state action as well as the action of private individuals. However, these rights are not absolute or uncontrolled and are subject to reasonable restrictions as necessary for the protection of general welfare. They can also be selectively curtailed. The Supreme Court has ruled[11] that all provisions of the Constitution, including fundamental rights can be amended. However, the Parliament cannot alter the basic structure of the constitution. Since the fundamental rights can be altered only by a constitutional amendment, their inclusion is a check not only on the executive branch but also on the Parliament and state legislatures.[12]

text: A state of national emergency has an adverse effect on these rights. Under such a state, the rights conferred by Article 19 (freedoms of speech, assembly and movement, etc.) remain suspended. Hence, in such a situation, the legislature may make laws that go against the rights given in Article 19. Also, the President may by order suspend the right to move court for the enforcement of other rights as well.

text: Right to equality[edit]

text: Right to equality is an important and meaningful right provided in Articles 14, 15, 16, 17 and 18 of the constitution. It is the principal foundation of all other rights and liberties, and guarantees the following:

text:
Equality before law: Article 14 of the constitution guarantees that all people shall be equally protected by the laws of the country. It means that the State[5] will treat people in the same circumstances alike. This article also means that individuals, whether citizens of India or otherwise shall be treated differently if the circumstances are different.
Social equality and equal access to public areas: Article 15 of the constitution states that no person shall be discriminated on the basis of religion, race, caste, sex or place of birth. Every person shall have equal access to public places like public parks, museums, wells, bathing ghats and temples etc. However, the State may make any special provision for women and children. Special provisions may be made for the advancements of any socially or educationally backward class or scheduled castes or scheduled tribes.
Equality in matters of public employment: Article 16 of the constitution lays down that the State cannot discriminate against anyone in the matters of employment. All citizens can apply for government jobs. There are some exceptions. The Parliament may enact a law stating that certain jobs can be filled only by applicants who are domiciled in the area. This may be meant for posts that require knowledge of the locality and language of the area. The State may also reserve posts for members of backward classes, scheduled castes or scheduled tribes which are not adequately represented in the services under the State to bring up the weaker sections of the society. Also, there a law may be passed that requires that the holder of an office of any religious institution shall also be a person professing that particular religion. According to the Citizenship (Amendment) Bill, 2003, this right shall not be conferred to Overseas citizens of India.[9]
Abolition of untouchability: Article 17 of the constitution abolishes the practice of untouchability. Practice of untouchability is an offence and anyone doing so is punishable by law. The Untouchability Offences Act of 1955 (renamed to Protection of Civil Rights Act in 1976) provided penalties for preventing a person from entering a place of worship or from taking water from a tank or well.

tag: ul

text: Abolition of Titles: Article 18 of the constitution prohibits the State from conferring any titles. "Citizens of India cannot accept titles from a foreign State. The British government had created an aristocratic class known as Rai Bahadurs and Khan Bahadurs in India – these titles were also abolished. However, Military and academic distinctions can be conferred on the citizens of India. The awards of Bharat Ratna and Padma Vibhushan cannot be used by the recipient as a title and do not, accordingly, come within the constitutional prohibition".[13] The Supreme Court, on 15 December 1995, upheld the validity of such awards.

text: Right to freedom[edit]

text: The Constitution of India contains the right to freedom, given[14] in articles 19, 20, 21A, and 22, and with the view of guaranteeing individual rights that were considered vital by the framers of the constitution. It is a cluster of four main laws. The right to freedom in Article 19 guarantees the following six freedoms:

text:
Freedom of speech and expression, on which the State can impose reasonable restrictions in the interests of the sovereignty and integrity of India, the security of the State, friendly relations with foreign States, public order, decency or morality or in relation to contempt of court, defamation or incitement to an offence.[15]
Freedom to assemble peacefully without arms on which the State can impose reasonable restrictions in the interest of public order and the sovereignty and integrity of India.
The Freedom to form associations or unions or co-operative societies on which the State can impose reasonable restrictions in the interest of public order, morality and the sovereignty and integrity of India.
Freedom to move freely throughout the territory of India though reasonable restrictions can be imposed on this right in the interest of the general public. for example, restrictions may be imposed on movement and travelling, so as to control epidemics.
Freedom to reside and settle in any part of the territory of India, subject to reasonable restrictions by the State in the interest of the general public or for the protection of the scheduled tribes because certain safeguards as are envisaged here seem to be justified to protect indigenous and tribal peoples from exploitation and coercion.[16] Article 370 restricts citizens from other Indian states and Kashmiri women who marry men from other states from purchasing land or property in Jammu & Kashmir.[17]

text: Freedom to practice any profession or to carry on any occupation, trade or business on which the State may impose reasonable restrictions in the interest of the general public. Thus, there is no right to carry on a business which is dangerous or immoral. Also, professional or technical qualifications may be prescribed for practising any profession or carrying on any trade.

text:
Article 21A gives
education to all children of the age of six to fourteen years in such manner as
the State may, by law, determine.

text: The constitution also imposes restrictions on these rights. The government restricts these freedoms in the interest of the independence, sovereignty and integrity of India. In the interest of morality and public order, the government can also impose restrictions. However, the right to life and personal liberty cannot be suspended. The six freedoms are also automatically suspended or have restrictions imposed on them during a state of emergency.

text: Right to Information (RTI)

text: Right to Information has been given the status of a fundamental right under Article 19(1) of the Constitution in 2005. Article 19 (1) under which every citizen has freedom of speech and expression and have the right to know how the government works, what role does it play, what are its functions and so on.[18]

text: Right against exploitation[edit]

text: The right against exploitation, given in Articles 23 and 24, provides for two provisions, namely the abolition of trafficking in human beings and Begar (forced labour), and abolition of employment of children below the age of 14 years in dangerous jobs like factories, mines, etc. Child labour is considered a gross violation of the spirit and provisions of the constitution. Begar, practised in the past by landlords, has been declared a crime and is punishable by law. Trafficking in humans for the purpose of slave trade or prostitution is also prohibited by law. An exception is made in employment without payment for compulsory services for public purposes. Compulsory military conscription is covered by this provision.

text: Right to freedom of religion[edit]

text: Right to freedom of religion, covered in Articles 25, 26, 27 and 28, provides religious freedom to all citizens of India. The objective of this right is to sustain the principle of secularism in India. According to the Constitution, all religions are equal before the State and no religion shall be given preference over the other. Citizens are free to preach, practice and propagate any religion of their choice.

text: Religious communities can set up charitable institutions of their own. However, activities in such institutions that are not religious are performed according to the laws laid down by the government. Establishing a charitable institution can also be restricted in the interest of public order, morality and health. No person shall be compelled to pay taxes for the promotion of a particular religion. A State run institution cannot impart education that is pro-religion. Also, nothing in this article shall affect the operation of any existing law or prevent the State from making any further law regulating or restricting any economic, financial, political or other secular activity that may be associated with religious practice, or providing for social welfare and reform.

text: Right to life[edit]

text: The constitution guarantees the right to life and personal liberty, which in turn cites specific provisions in which these rights are applied and enforced:

text:
Protection with respect to conviction for offences is guaranteed in the right to life and personal liberty. According to Article 20, no one can be awarded punishment which is more than what the law of the land prescribes at that time. This legal axiom is based on the principle that no criminal law can be made retrospective, that is, for an act to become an offence, the essential condition is that it should have been an offence legally at the time of committing it. Moreover, no person accused of any offence shall be compelled to be a witness against himself. "Compulsion" in this article refers to what in law is called "Duress" (injury, beating or unlawful imprisonment to make a person do something that he does not want to do). This article is known as a safeguard against self incrimination. The other principle enshrined in this article is known as the principle of double jeopardy, that is, no person can be convicted twice for the same offence, which has been derived from Anglo Saxon law. This principle was first established in the Magna Carta.
Protection of life and personal liberty is also stated under right to life and personal liberty. Article 21 declares that no citizen can be denied his life and liberty except by law. This means that a person's life and personal liberty can be disputed only if that person has committed a crime. However, the right to life does not include the right to die and hence, suicide or an attempt thereof, was an offence. (Attempted suicide being interpreted as a crime has seen many debates. The Supreme Court of India gave a landmark ruling in 1994. The court repealed section 309 of the Indian penal code, under which people attempting suicide could face prosecution and prison terms of up to one year.[19] In 1996 however another Supreme Court ruling nullified the earlier one.[20] But with the passage of the Mental Healthcare Bill 2017, attempt to suicide has been decriminalized.[21] "Personal liberty" includes all the freedoms which are not included in Article 19 (that is, the six freedoms). The right to travel abroad is also covered under "personal liberty" in Article 21.[22]
In 2002, through the 86th Amendment Act, Article 21(A) was incorporated. It made the right to primary education part of the right to freedom, stating that the State would provide free and compulsory education to children from six to fourteen years of age.[23] Six years after an amendment was made in the Indian Constitution, the union cabinet cleared the Right to Education Bill in 2008.[24]
Rights of a person arrested under ordinary circumstances is laid down in the right to life and personal liberty. No one can be arrested without being told the grounds for his arrest. If arrested, the person has the right to defend himself by a lawyer of his choice. Also an arrested citizen has to be brought before the nearest magistrate within 24 hours. The rights of a person arrested under ordinary circumstances are not available to an enemy alien. They are also not available to persons detained under the Preventive Detention Act. Under preventive detention, the government can imprison a person for a maximum of three months. It means that if the government feels that a person being at liberty can be a threat to the law and order or to the unity and integrity of the nation, it can detain or arrest that person to prevent him from doing this possible harm. After three months such a case is brought before an advisory board for review.

text: Cultural and Educational rights[edit]

text: As India is a country of many languages, religions, and cultures, the Constitution provides special measures, to protect the rights of the minorities. Any community that has a language and a script of its own has the right to conserve and develop it. No citizen can be discriminated against for admission in State or State aided institutions.

text:
All minorities,religious or linguistic, can set up their own educational institutions to preserve and develop their own culture. In granting aid to institutions, the State cannot discriminate against any institution on the basis of the fact that it is administered by a minority institution. But the right to administer does not mean that the State cannot interfere in case of maladministration.
In a precedent-setting judgement in 1980, the Supreme Court held that the State can certainly take regulatory measures to promote the efficiency and excellence of educational standards. It can also issue guidelines for ensuring the security of the services of the teachers or other employees of the institution. In another landmark judgement delivered on 31 October 2002, the Supreme Court ruled that in case of aided minority institutions offering professional courses, admission could be only through a common entrance test conducted by State or a university. Even an unaided minority institution ought not to ignore the merit of the students for admission.

text: Right to constitutional remedies[edit]

text:
Right to constitutional remedies [Article 32 to 35] empowers the citizens to move to a court of law in case of any denial of the fundamental rights. For instance, in case of imprisonment, any citizen can ask the court to see if it is according to the provisions of the law of the country by lodging a PIL. If the court finds that it is not, the person will have to be freed. This procedure of asking the courts to preserve or safeguard the citizens' fundamental rights can be done in various ways. The courts can issue various kinds of writs protecting rights of the citizens.
These writs are:

text:
habeas corpus
mandamus
Prohibition
quo warranto
certiorari

text: This allows citizen to move to court if they believe that any of their Fundamental Rights have been violated by state.Article 32 is also called citizens right to protect and defend the constitution as it can be used by the citizens to enforce the constitution through the judiciary. Dr. B. R. Ambedkar rightly declared Right to constitutional remedies as "the heart and soul" of Indian constitution. When a national or state emergency is declared, this right is suspended by the central government.

text: Right to Privacy (Not an independent Right)[edit]

text: The right to privacy is protected as an intrinsic part of the right to life and personal liberty under Article 21 and as a part of the freedoms guaranteed by Part III of the Constitution. It protects the inner sphere of the individual from interference from both State, and non-State actors and allows the individuals to make autonomous life choices. On 24 August 2017 the Supreme Court[25] ruled that:

text: "Right to Privacy is an integral part of Right to Life and Personal Liberty guaranteed in Article 21 of the Constitution,"

text: Critical analysis[edit]

text: The fundamental rights have been revised for many reasons. Political groups have demanded that the right to work, the right to economic assistance in case of unemployment, old age, and similar rights be enshrined as constitutional guarantees to address issues of poverty and economic insecurity,[26] though these provisions have been enshrined in the Directive Principles of state policy.[27] The right to freedom and personal liberty has a number of limiting clauses, and thus have been criticised for failing to check the sanctioning of powers often deemed "excessive".[26] There is also the provision of preventive detention and suspension of fundamental rights in times of Emergency. The provisions of acts like the Maintenance of Internal Security Act (MISA), Armed Forces (Special Powers) Act and the National Security Act (NSA) are a means of countering the fundamental rights, because they sanction excessive powers with the aim of fighting internal and cross-border terrorism and political violence, without safeguards for civil rights.[26] The phrases "security of State", "public order" and "morality" are of wide implication. People of alternate sexuality are criminalised in India with prison term up to 10 years. The meaning of phrases like "reasonable restrictions" and "the interest of public order" have not been explicitly stated in the constitution, and this ambiguity leads to unnecessary litigation.[26] The freedom to assemble peaceably and without arms is exercised, but in some cases, these meetings are broken up by the police through the use of non-fatal methods.[28][29]

text: "Freedom of press" has not been included in the right to freedom, which is necessary for formulating public opinion and to make freedom of expression more legitimate.[26] Employment of child labour in hazardous job environments has been reduced, but their employment even in non-hazardous jobs, including their prevalent employment as domestic help violates the spirit and ideals of the constitution. More than 16.5 million children are employed and working in India.[30] India was ranked 88 out of 159 in 2005, according to the degree to which corruption is perceived to exist among public officials and politicians worldwide. But in 2014, India has improved marginally to a rank of 85.[31][32] The right to equality in matters regarding public employment shall not be conferred to overseas citizens of India, according to the Citizenship (Amendment) Bill, 2003.[9]

text: As per Article 19 of Part III of the Indian constitution, the fundamental rights of people such as freedom of speech and expression, gathering peaceably without arms and forming associations or unions shall not effect the interests of the sovereignty[33] and integrity of India but not unity of India. The words sovereignty and integrity are the qualities to be cultivated / emulated by Indian people as urged by the Indian constitution but not used related to territory of India. Article 1 of Part 1 of the Indian constitution, defines India (Bharat) as union of states. In nutshell, India is its people not its land as enshrined in its constitution.

text: Since speedy trial is not the constitutional right of the citizens, the cases involving violations of fundamental rights take inordinate time for resolution by the Supreme Court which is against the legal maxim 'justice delayed is justice denied'.[34]

text: Amendments[edit]

text: Changes to the fundamental rights require a constitutional amendment, which has to be passed by a special majority of both houses of Parliament. This means that an amendment requires the approval of two-thirds of the members present and voting. However, the number of members voting in support of the amendment shall not be less than the absolute majority of the total members of a house – whether the Lok Sabha or Rajya Sabha.

text: Fundamental rights not sacrosanct[edit]

text: While deciding the Golaknath case in February 1967, Supreme Court ruled that the Parliament has no power to curtail the fundamental rights. They were made permanent and sacrosanct reversing the Supreme Court's earlier decision which had upheld Parliament's power to amend all parts of the Constitution, including Part III related to Fundamental Rights. Up till the 24th constitutional amendment in 1971, the fundamental rights given to the people were permanent and can not be repealed or diluted by the Parliament. 24th constitutional amendment introduced a new Article 13(4) enabling Parliament to legislate on the subjects of Part III of the constitution using its constituent powers per Article 368 (1). In the year 1973, the 13 member constitutional bench of supreme court also upheld with majority the validity of 24th constitutional amendment. However it ruled that Basic structure of the constitution which is built on the basic foundation representing the dignity and freedom of the individual, can not be altered. This is of supreme importance and cannot be destroyed by any form of amendment to the constitution.[35] Many constitutional amendments to Part III of the constitution were made deleting or adding or diluting the fundamental rights before the judgement of Golaknath case (Constitutional amendments 1,4,7 and 16) and after the validity of 24th constitutional amendment is upheld by the Supreme Court (Constitutional amendments 25,42,44,50,77,81,85,86,93 and 97).

text: Validity of Article 31B[edit]

text: Articles 31A and Article 31B are added by First constitutional amendment in 1951. Article 31B says that any acts and regulations included in the Ninth Schedule of the constitution by the Parliament can override the fundamental rights and such laws can not be repealed or made void by the judiciary on the grounds of violating fundamental rights. Thus fundamental rights given in Part III are not equally applicable in each state /region and can be made different by making additions/deletions to Ninth Schedule by constitutional amendments. In 2007, Supreme Court ruled that there could not be any blanket immunity from judicial review for the laws inserted in the Ninth Schedule. Apex court also stated it shall examine laws included in the Ninth Schedule after 1973 for any incompatibility with the basic structure doctrine.[36]

text: Amendment to Article 31C[edit]

text: Section 4 of the 42nd Amendment, had changed Article 31C of the constitution to accord precedence to the Directive Principles (earlier applicable only to clauses b & c of Article 39) over the fundamental rights of individuals. In Minerva Mills v. Union of India case, supreme court ruled that the amendment to the Article 31C is not valid and ultra vires.

text: Right to property[edit]

text: The Constitution originally provided for the right to property under Articles 19 and 31. Article 19 guaranteed to all citizens the right to acquire, hold and dispose of property. Article 31 provided that "no person shall be deprived of his property save by authority of law." It also provided that compensation would be paid to a person whose property has been taken for public purposes.

text: The provisions relating to the right to property were changed a number of times. The Forty-Fourth Amendment of 1978 deleted the right to property from the list of fundamental rights[37] A new provision, Article 300-A, was added to the constitution, which provided that "no person shall be deprived of his property save by authority of law". Thus if a legislature makes a law depriving a person of his property, there would be no obligation on the part of the State to pay anything as compensation. The aggrieved person shall have no right to move the court under Article 32. Thus, the right to property is no longer a fundamental right, though it is still a constitutional right. If the government appears to have acted unfairly, the action can be challenged in a court of law by aggrieved citizens.[26]

text: The liberalisation of the economy and the government's initiative to set up special economic zones has led to many protests by farmers and have led to calls for the reinstatement of the fundamental right to private property.[38] The Supreme Court has sent a notice to the government questioning why the right should not be brought back but in 2010 the court rejected the PIL[39]

text: Right to education[edit]

text: The right to education at elementary level has been made one of the fundamental rights in 2002 under the Eighty-Sixth Amendment of 2002.[23] However this right was brought in to implementation after eight years in 2010. Article 21A – On 2 April 2010, India joined a group of few countries in the world, with a historic law making education a fundamental right of every child coming into force.[40] Making elementary education an entitlement for children in the 6–14 age group, the Right of Children to Free and Compulsory Education Act will directly benefit children who do not go to school at present. This act provides for appointment of teachers with the requisite entry and academic qualifications.

text: The former Prime Minister Dr. Manmohan Singh announced the operationalisation of the Act. Children, who had either dropped out of schools or never been to any educational institution, will get elementary education as it will be binding on the part of the local and State governments to ensure that all children in the 6–14 age group get schooling. As per the Act, private educational institutions should reserve 25 per cent seats for children from the weaker sections of society. The Centre and the States have agreed to share the financial burden in the ratio of 55:45, while the Finance Commission has given Rs.250 billion to the States for implementing the Act. The Centre has approved an outlay of Rs.150 billion for 2010–2011.

text: The school management committee or the local authority will identify the drop-outs or out-of-school children aged above six and admit them in classes appropriate to their age after giving special training.

text:
Wikisource has original text related to this article:
Constitution of India/Part III


document_title: List of nicknames used in cricket

question_text: who is known as little master in cricket

text: List of nicknames used in cricket

text: Cricket has a rich tradition of using nicknames. This is a List of nicknames used in international cricket.

text: Teams[edit]

text:
Australian national cricket team—The Kangaroos

1948 tour of England—The Invincibles[1]

Bangladesh Cricket Team —The Tigers [2]
India national cricket team — Men in Blue, The Blues[3]
Ireland Cricket team - Green and Whites or Men in Green[4]
Nepal National Cricket Team - The Rhinos , The Gorkhas
New Zealand national cricket team — The Black Caps,Kiwis[5]
Pakistan national cricket team — Men in Green, The Gang Green, The Green Shirts, Green Army, Cornered Tigers[6][7][8][9]
South African national cricket team — The Proteas,[10] The Saffas, the Saffaris
Sri Lankan national cricket team — The Lions,[11] Lankans
Uganda national cricket team - Cricket Cranes
West Indian national cricket team — The Windies[12]
Zimbabwe national cricket team - The Chevrons[13]

text: Officials, umpires and commentators[edit]

text:
Jonathan Agnew — Spiro, Aggers[14]
Harold Bird — Dickie Bird[15]
Henry Blofeld — Blowers[16]
Ian Botham — Beefy[17]
Billy Bowden — Billy[18]
Steve Bucknor — Slow Death Bucknor[19]
Bill Frindall — Bearded Wonder, Bearders[20]
Ramiz Raja - Rambo
Wasim Akram - Wazz , Sultan of Swing
Waqar Younis - Vicky
Kumar Dharmasena - Unanduwa
Robin Jackman — Jackers[21]
Brian Johnston — Johnners[22]
David Lloyd — Bumble[23]
Craig McMillan — Macca[24]
Mpumelelo Mbangwa — Pommie[25]
Christopher Martin-Jenkins — CMJ[26]
Don Mosey — The Alderman[27]
David Shepherd — Shep[28]
Alan Wilkins — Wilko[29]
Simon Doull — Doully
Nasser Hussain — Nas
Mark Richardson - Rigor
Ian Bishop - Bish
Rahul Dravid — The Wall[30]

text: Supporters[edit]

text:
An organized group of Pakistan national cricket team supporters - The Pak Army
An organised group of Australian cricket team supporters — The Fanatics[31]
An organised group of English cricket team supporters — Barmy Army[31]
An organised group of New Zealand cricket team supporters — The Beige Brigade[32]
An organised group of Bangladesh cricket team supporters — CricketKhor(ক্রিকেটখোর) [33]
An organised group of India national cricket team supporters - The Bharat Army'[31]

text: Players[edit]

text:
A
B
C
D
E
F
G
H
I
J
K
L
M
N
O
P
Q
R
S
T
U
V
W
X
Y
Z
See also

text: A[edit]

text:
Shahid Afridi — Boom Boom Afridi, Lala[34]
Mushtaq Ahmed — Mushie, Jaadugar[35]
Saeed Ajmal — The Magician, Saeed Bhai[36]
Shoaib Akhtar — Rawalpindi Express[37]
Moeen Ali — The Beard that is Feared
Hashim Amla - The Mighty Hash
James Anderson - The Burnley Lara,[38] Jimmy
Warwick Armstrong — Big Ship[39]
Mike Atherton — Athers,[40] FEC,[41] Cockroach,[42] Dready,[43] Iron Mike[44]
Mohammad Ashraful — Matin[45]

text: B[edit]

text:
Trevor Bailey — The Boil, Barnacle[46]
Omari Banks — Bankie[47]
Eddie Barlow — Bunter[48]
Gareth Batty — Boris, Nora[48]
Michael Beer — Frothy'[49]
Ian Bell — Belly,[50] The Sherminator[51] The Sledgehammer of Eternal Justice[52]The Duke of Bellington[53]
Richie Benaud — Diamonds[54]
Travis Birt — Edgar[55]
Allan Border — AB, Captain Grumpy[56]
Ian Botham — Beefy[34]
Geoffrey Boycott - Fiery,[57] Boycs,[57] Thatch[57]
Don Bradman — The Don
Mike Brearley — Brears,[58] Scagg[58]
Stuart Broad — Westlife[59]
Mark Butcher — Butch[60]

text: C[edit]

text:
Ian Chappell — Chappelli,[61]
Michael Clarke— Pup,[62] Clarkey[62]
Alastair Cook— Chef, Captain Cook,[63]
Mark Cosgrove — Cossy,[64] Baby-Boof[65]
John Crawley — Creepy[66]
Martin Crowe — Hogan[67]

text: D[edit]

text:
Shikhar Dhawan — Gabbar,[68]
Phillip DeFreitas — Daffy[69]
AB de Villiers — AB, Mr. 360 Degree,[70]
Kapil Dev — The Haryana Hurricane,[71]
Ted Dexter — Lord Ted,[72]
Graham Dilley — Pica[73] Dill[73]
Tillakaratne Dilshan — Dili, Mr. Pallekele, Dilscoop
Michael Di Venuto — Diva[74]
Basil D'Oliveira — Dolly,[75] Bas[75]
Allan Donald — White Lightning[76]
Brett Dorey — Behemoth[77]
J.W.H.T. Douglas — Johnny Won't Hit Today[78]
Rahul Dravid — The Wall,[79] ""Jammy""
Kumar Shri Duleepsinhji — Duleep,[80] Mr Smith[80]
Mahendra Singh Dhoni — MSD,CAPTAIN COOL''',[81][82][83] Thala, Mahi

text: E[edit]

text:
Matthew Elliott — Herb[84]
Sean Ervine — Slug,[85] Siuc[85]
Fidel Edwards — Castro[86]

text: F[edit]

text:
Imran Farhat — Romi[87]
James Faulkner — The Finisher[88]
Andrew Flintoff — Freddie[89]
Peter Fulton — Two-metre Peter[34]
Steve Finn — The Watford Wall[34]

text: G[edit]

text:
Sourav Ganguly — Dada,[90] Maharaj, Prince of Calcutta
Joel Garner — Big Bird[34]
Chris Gayle — World Boss[91], Universe Boss[92], Gayle Force
Adam Gilchrist — Gilly[93] Churchy[93]
Jason Gillespie — Dizzy[34]
Herschelle Gibbs — Scooter[34]
Gautam Gambhir — Gauti[34]
Ashley Giles — Gilo, Skinny, Splash, The King of Spain',[94] Wheelie Bin[95]
Umar Gul - Guldozer[96]
Asanka Gurusinha — Gura[97]
David Gower - Stoat,[98]

text: H[edit]

text:
Brad Haddin — BJ, Hadds[99]
Richard Hadlee — Paddles[100]
Alex Hales - Baz[101]
Stephen Harmison — Harmy,[102]
Chris Harris — Lugs[103]
Ryan Harris — Ryano[104]
Chris Hartley — Hannibal[105]
Ian Harvey — Harvs, The Freak[106]
Shane Harwood — Stickers[84][107]
John Hastings — The Duke[108][109][110]
Nathan Hauritz — Ritzy[111]
Matthew Hayden — Haydos,[112] Big Fish[112]
George Headley — Black Bradman[113]
Hunter Hendry — Stork[114]
Ben Hilfenhaus — Hilfy,[115]
Jack Hobbs — The Master[116]
Brad Hodge — Hodgey, Dodgeball[117]
Brad Hogg— Docker, George,[117]
Matthew Hoggard — Oggie[118]
Michael Holding — Whispering Death[119]
A N Hornby — Monkey, The Boss[120]
James Hopes — Catfish,[84][121]
Merv Hughes — Fruitfly[122]
Nasser Hussain — Nashwan[123]
David Hussey — Huss, Bomber, Junior Mr. Cricket[124]
Michael Hussey — Mr Cricket,[125] Huss[126]

text: I[edit]

text: Bert Ironmonger — Dainty[127]

text: J[edit]

text:
Sanath Jayasuriya — Sana,[128][129] Matara Mauler,Master Blaster
Mitchell Johnson — Midge, Notch[130]
Mahela Jayawardene — Mayya

text: K[edit]

text:
Virat Kohli - Chiku, RunMachine, King Kohli,[131]
Romesh Kaluwitharana — Little Kalu, Little Dynamite[132][133]
Danish Kaneria — Nani-Danny[134]
Chamara Kapugedera — Kapu[135]
Michael Kasprowicz — Kasper[136]
Simon Katich — Kat[137]
Justin Kemp — Kempie[138]
Robert Key — Keysy[139]
Zaheer Khan - Zak[140]
Michael Klinger — Maxy[141]
Nuwan Kulasekara - Kule
Anil Kumble — Jumbo[34]

text: L[edit]

text:
Justin Langer— Alfie, JL[142]
Gavin Larsen — The Postman[34]
V V S Laxman — Very Very Special[143]
Bill Lawry — Phantom[34]
Darren Lehmann — Boof[84][144]
Brett Lee — Bing, Binga, The Speedster[145]
Dennis Lillee — FOT[146]
Clive Lloyd — Super Cat[147]
David Lloyd — Bumble[148]'
Chris Lynn — Lynnsanity
Nathan Lyon — Garry

text: M[edit]

text:
Charles Macartney — Governor-General[149]
Stuart MacGill — Mac,[149]
Ken Mackay — Slasher[150]
Jimmy Maher — Mahbo[84]
Sajid Mahmood — Saj,[150] King,[150] Big Saj,[150]
Lasith Malinga — Malinga The Slinga[34]
Angelo Mathews — Angie,Superman,Jocka[151]
Ashley Mallett — Rowdy[152]
Vic Marks — Skid,[153] Speedy[153]
Charles Marriott — Father Marriott[154]
Mitch Marsh — Bison[155]
Geoff Marsh — Swampy[156]
Rod Marsh — Iron Gloves,[157] Bacchus[157]
Shaun Marsh— SOS[158]
Frederick Martin — Nutty[159]
Damien Martyn — Marto[160]
Lloyd Mash — Bangers[161]
Khaled Mashud — Pilot[162]
Greg Matthews — Mo[163]
Glenn Maxwell — Big Show[164]
Brendon McCullum — Baz
Nathan McCullum — Mattress, Matt-I
Craig McMillan — Macca[24]
Bryce McGain — McGoo
Glenn McGrath — Pigeon,[165] Millard[165]
Graham McKenzie — Garth[166]
Brian McMillan — Big Mac[167]
Colin Miller — Funky[168]
Keith Miller — Nugget[169]
Dave Mohammed — Tadpole[170]
John Morrison — Mystery[171]
Mashrafe Mortaza — Koushik[172]
Muttiah Muralitharan — Murali[173]
Tim Murtagh — Dial M[174][175]
Phil Mustard — (The) Colonel[176]
Farveez Maharoof — Fara[177]

text: N[edit]

text:
André Nel — Nella; Gunther[178]
Mfuneko Ngam — Chew[179]
Paul Nixon — Badger,[180] Nico[180]
Monty Noble — Mary Ann[181]
Ashley Noffke — Noffers[182]
Marcus North — Snork[183]
Makhaya Ntini — George; Mdingi Express[184]

text: O[edit]

text:
Iain O'Brien — Ober[185]
Chris Old — Chilly[186]
Kerry O'Keeffe — Skull[187]
Bill O'Reilly — Tiger[188]

text: P[edit]

text:
Milford Page — Curly[189]
Monty Panesar — The Mont-ster,[190] Python,[190] The Beard to be Feared,[190]The Sikh of Tweak[191]
Mansoor Ali Khan Pataudi — Tiger[192]
Jeetan Patel — Dave[193]
Munaf Patel — Munna
Kusal Perera — Little Sana
Thisara Perera — TP, Panda
Kevin Pietersen — K.P.,[194] Kelvin,[194] Kelv,[194] Kapes[194]
Liam Plunkett — Pudsy[195]
Graeme Pollock — The Little Dog[196]
Peter Pollock — Pooch,The Big Dog[196]
Ricky Ponting — Punter[197]
Matt Prior — The Cheese[198]

text: R[edit]

text:
Joe Root — Rooty/The Run Machine[199]
Ajinkya Rahane — Jinks[200]
Mark Ramprakash — Ramps[201]
Arjuna Ranatunga — Captain Cool[202]
Derek Randall — Arkle, Rags[203]
Matt Renshaw — Turtle
Vivian Richards — Smokin Joe, Smokey, King Viv, The Emperor The Master Blaster [204][205][206][207]
Greg Ritchie — Fat Cat[208]
Jonty Rhodes — Sparrow/Maritzburg Mamba[209]

text: S[edit]

text:
Kumar Sangakkara — Sanga
Virender Sehwag — Viru, Nawab of Najafgarh,[210] Sultan of Multan
Sandeep Sharma — Sandu[211]
Harbhajan Singh — Bhajji, Turbanator[212]
Mandeep Singh — Mandy[213]
Steve Smith — Smudge[214]
Andrew Strauss — Lord Brocket, Straussy, Levi, Muppet, Johann, Mare Man[215]
Alec Stewart — The Gaffer[216]
Rohit Sharma — Hit-Man, Shana[217]

text: T[edit]

text:
Sachin Tendulkar — master blaster, Little Master, God of Cricket"'
Mark Taylor — Tubby[218]
Jeff Thomson — Thommo[219]
Marcus Trescothick — Tresco, Banger[220]
Phil Tufnell — Tuffers, The Cat[221]

text: U[edit]

text:
Inzamam-ul-Haq — Inzi[222]
Misbah-ul-Haq - Lone warrior,[223] Tuk tuk King, Man of Crisis[224]

text: V[edit]

text: Murali Vijay — Monk[225]

text: W[edit]

text:
Max Walker - Tangles[226]
Mark Waugh — Afghan, Junior[227]
Chris Woakes - Wizard[228]

text: Y[edit]

text:
Bruce Yardley - Roo[229]
Yuvraj Singh —Yuvi[230]

text: Z[edit]

text: Monde Zondeki - All Hands [231]


document_title: Blue Bloods (season 8)

question_text: who plays the new mayor on blue bloods

question_tokens: who plays the new mayor on blue bloods

text: Blue Bloods (season 8)

text: Cast[edit]

text: Donnie Wahlberg (Danny Reagan), Bridget Moynahan (Erin Reagan), Will Estes (Jamie Reagan), and Len Cariou (Henry Reagan) are first credited. Sami Gayle (Nicky Reagan-Boyle) is credited next, marking the fourth season she has been included in the opening credits. Tom Selleck (Frank Reagan) receives an "and" billing at the close of the main title sequence. Amy Carlson (Linda Reagan) left between Seasons 7 and 8.

text: Marisa Ramirez, as Danny's partner Detective Maria Baez, and Vanessa Ray, as Jamie's partner Eddie Janko, continue to receive "also starring" billing for season 8. Appearing regularly and receiving "special guest star" billing are Gregory Jbara as Deputy Commissioner of Public Information Garrett Moore, Robert Clohessy as Lt. Sidney Gormley, and Abigail Hawk as Detective Abigail Baker, Frank's primary aide.

text: Episodes[edit]

text:
No.
overall
No. in
season
Title
Directed by
Written by
Original air date
Prod.
code
U.S. viewers
(millions)

156
1
"Cutting Losses"
David M. Barrett
Siobhan Byrne O'Connor
September 29, 2017 (2017-09-29)
801
10.04[3]

Erin pleads with Danny, who has been contemplating retirement since Linda's death in a rescue helicopter crash, to help her with a case involving her ex-husband, Jack (Peter Hermann) who's been attacked in his office. Jamie and Eddie go undercover as a couple to bust a shady drug dealer; new mayor Margaret Dutton (Lorraine Bracco) butts heads with Frank.

157
2
"Ghosts of the Past"
John Behring
Kevin Riley
October 6, 2017 (2017-10-06)
803
9.49[4]

Frank receives an order from the mayor to attend the annual West Indies parade, which this year is honoring a man who served time for conspiring in an attack against the police. Meanwhile, Danny and Maria investigate the return of Selena Moore (Caroline Pluta), who suspiciously disappeared as a teen 13 years ago. Also, Jamie and Eddie try to help a young woman they believe is being exploited by Congressman Richard Walters (Richard Thomas).

158
3
"The Enemy of My Enemy"
Robert Harmon
Ian Biederman
October 13, 2017 (2017-10-13)
802
8.98[5]

Erin's case against human trafficker Chao Lin (Tia Carrere) faces difficulty when the presiding judge falls off a roof to his death. Danny and Baez investigate, while also trying to protect a key witness for the prosecution. Elsewhere, Frank's enhanced public safety initiative is opposed by Mayor Dutton, but gains a surprising ally, City Council Speaker Regina Thomas (Whoopi Goldberg).

159
4
"Out of the Blue"
David M. Barrett
Brian Burns
October 20, 2017 (2017-10-20)
804
9.08[6]

Danny and Baez work the case of a detective who was gunned down prior to testifying against a career criminal. Also, Frank personally investigates when Garrett is attacked by a SWAT team outside his home, and Erin brings in a confidential informant against Anthony's wishes.

160
5
"The Forgotten"
Ralph Hemecker
Allie Solomon
October 27, 2017 (2017-10-27)
805
8.29[7]

Danny and Baez investigate the murder of a single mother whose ex-husband has a documented history of violence. Also, Frank deals with the fallout when Mayor Dutton eliminates solitary confinement in prisons, while Jamie's effort to save a young woman who overdosed on heroin has unexpected consequences.

161
6
"Brushed Off"
Eric Laneuville
Daniel Truly
November 3, 2017 (2017-11-03)
806
9.27[8]

When a famous basketball player is found dead of an apparent drug overdose, Danny and Maria look into his possible ties to a local drug gang. Also, Erin revisits the case of a man she may have wrongfully convicted nine years ago, and Frank is approached by Archbishop Kearns (Stacy Keach) regarding an eviction matter Jamie and Eddie are working on.

162
7
"Common Ground"
David M. Barrett
Siobhan Byrne O'Connor
November 10, 2017 (2017-11-10)
807
9.94[9]

A case turns personal for Danny when he works to protect a nurse, Faith Madson (Jessie Mueller), from her violent ex-boyfriend. Meanwhile, Shelly Wayne (Cassandra Freeman), an acquaintance of Frank's, comes to him with a theory regarding the death of an inmate. Also, Jamie and Eddie help deliver a baby, only to learn that the mother and her family are undocumented immigrants living in deplorable conditions.

163
8
"Pick Your Poison"
Heather Cappiello
Kevin Wade
November 17, 2017 (2017-11-17)
808
9.25[10]

Eddie makes a questionable arrest of a man revealed to be a college acquaintance who once humiliated her in a frat house. Frank learns one of his best lieutenants tested positive for marijuana after a trip to Colorado, and gets caught between department regulations and Mayor Dutton's stance on making pot legal. Meanwhile, Danny and Baez investigate a murder linked to a white supremacist group.

164
9
"Pain Killers"
John Behring
Ian Biederman
December 1, 2017 (2017-12-01)
809
8.84[11]

As Danny and Baez join a narcotics task force to track down a drug supplier at a prep school, Baez comes into contact with fentanyl and is soon fighting for her life from an accidental overdose. Also, Jamie and Eddie work to protect a rehabilitated sex offender whose neighbors are angry he lives in their apartment building, and Frank forms an unlikely alliance with Mayor Dutton when Governor Mendez (David Zayas) refuses to involve the NYPD during a major state trooper initiative.

165
10
"Heavy Is the Head"
David M. Barrett
Brian Burns
December 8, 2017 (2017-12-08)
810
9.40[12]

Erin is conflicted when Jamie and Eddie ask her to help drop old charges against a man, Parker Mack (Spencer House), who just bravely rescued a woman from a local hostage situation. Meanwhile, Danny and Baez work a case involving car thieves and discover the leader is Victor Lugo (Nick Cordero), a mobster they've dealt with before. Also, Baker receives a job offer which Frank learns may have strings attached.

166
11
"Second Chances"
Deran Sarafian
Kevin Riley
January 5, 2018 (2018-01-05)
811
9.98[13]

When a journalist disappears while working on an exposé about an innocent man serving time for murder, Danny and Baez hope that reexamining the original case will help find her. Also, Frank reluctantly speaks out against an initiative led by Erin's office to consider drug abuse as a disease first, and a crime second.

167
12
"The Brave"
Tom Moore
Siobhan Byrne O'Connor
January 12, 2018 (2018-01-12)
812
10.17[14]

Anthony is shot while interviewing a witness for an upcoming murder trial. Despite their differences, Danny takes up the case to find out who was responsible, telling Erin that Anthony is still "one of us". Also, Jamie and Eddie get in the middle of a standoff between a police lieutenant and a developmentally disabled man posing as an officer, and Nicky prepares to take the police exam over her mom's objections.

168
13
"Erasing History"
Jane Raab
Daniel Truly
January 19, 2018 (2018-01-19)
813
9.45[15]

When Henry is the key witness on Danny and Baez's case, his meddling pushes Danny's buttons until he leads them to valuable information. Also, Nicky shocks her family by siding with her activist friend, Christie (Naian Gonzalez Norvind), who defaced the NYPD flag with red paint at One Police Plaza, and Jamie and Eddie learn a parole officer is taking advantage of his power over parolees.

169
14
"School of Hard Knocks"
Alex Zakrzewski
Ian Biederman
February 2, 2018 (2018-02-02)
814
9.32[16]

When a student is shot by a rival gang member in his high school courtyard, Danny and Baez try to get a grasp on the situation to prevent a reoccurrence, but the principal, Darryl Ward (Ernie Hudson), recklessly takes matters into his own hands. Also, Erin tries to help her friend, Mickey (Raphael Sbarge), who is mixed up in an illegal gambling ring, and Governor Mendez tries to frame Frank after one of his top legislative aides is shot by an NYPD officer.

170
15
"Legacy"
David M. Barrett
Allie Solomon
March 2, 2018 (2018-03-02)
815
9.06[17]

Danny thinks about taking a new, higher-paying job to help with his family's financial issues. At the same time, he and Maria work a case of a recently divorced man who was poisoned. Nicky is sexually harassed by her boss while working at her new internship. Frank has to deal with the fallout after a rookie cop is caught on video questioning the immigration status of a pedestrian.

171
16
"Tale of Two Cities"
Robert Duncan McNeill
Brian Burns
March 9, 2018 (2018-03-09)
816
8.95[18]

Danny and Baez investigate the murder of a man who was living a double life with two separate families, and Anthony tries to resist when Erin asks him to help investigate his old partner, whom she suspects of stealing drug money. Also, Frank deliberates between two candidates for the chief of transit position.

172
17
"Close Calls"
Jane Raab
Peter Blauner
March 30, 2018 (2018-03-30)
817
8.43[19]

After Danny's brother-in-law, Jimmy (Kevin Dillon), gets caught up with the mob and steals Danny's credit card, Danny forces Jimmy to take down the mobsters with Baez's help. Meanwhile, Frank has Erin and Anthony investigate if his old partner, Lenny (Treat Williams), is truly guilty of a crime. Also, Jamie is approached by Tariq (Rene Ifrah), an officer he met at the academy almost ten years ago, who wants his help getting released from his undercover assignment at a mosque.

173
18
"Friendship, Love, and Loyalty"
Robert Harmon
Siobhan Byrne O'Connor
April 6, 2018 (2018-04-06)
818
8.75[20]

After a woman voices her outrage regarding the NYPD's inability to find her son's murderer, Danny reexamines the case, upsetting the original detective, Erin, and Anthony, who didn't pursue the case due to lack of evidence. Elsewhere, Eddie is shot while she and Jamie respond to a domestic dispute call, but her vest saves her; another officer is killed in the exchange of gunfire. Erin and her ex-husband, Jack, face off when the latter defends the shooter. Frank contends with an angry police force when Mayor Dutton suggests at a press conference that the shooter may have felt threatened by the police.

174
19
"Risk Management"
David M. Barrett
Ian Biederman
April 13, 2018 (2018-04-13)
819
8.25[21]

Danny and Baez race to find a missing girl who will die within 72 hours without her heart medication. Also, Jamie and Eddie are on the wrong side of an investigation after engaging in a car chase, Frank, Garrett and Gormley investigate the rise in the settlement of lawsuits against cops, and Sean wins an essay contest and receives a medal from former New York City Mayor David Dinkins.

175
20
"Your Six"
Ralph Hemecker
Brian Burns
April 27, 2018 (2018-04-27)
820
8.13[22]

When Danny resorts to asking his incarcerated archenemy, Victor Lugo (Nick Cordero), for help locating a dangerous criminal who escaped from prison, Lugo refuses to assist unless he's allowed to accompany them on the pursuit. Meanwhile, Frank subtly tries to convince Jamie to take the sergeant's test, but Jamie gives the application to Eddie instead. Also, Erin's plan to go on a date with her ex-husband causes friction between her and Anthony.

176
21
"The Devil You Know"
John Behring
Peter Blauner
May 4, 2018 (2018-05-04)
821
7.78[23]

Frank goes head-to-head with a data-tracking company when they refuse to unlock the phone of a terrorist that may hold information regarding upcoming targets. Elsewhere, when Erin obtains information about an impending murder from a known crime boss (John Pankow), she gets Danny and Baez involved, despite the questionable agenda of the informant. Also, Jamie and Eddie try to locate a woman who kidnapped a newborn baby.

177
22
"My Aim is True"
David M. Barrett
Kevin Wade
May 11, 2018 (2018-05-11)
822
8.88[24]

When a series of drive-by murders occur after six wrongly convicted men are released from prison, Danny and Baez wonder if they were orchestrated by one or more of the men as an act of revenge. Meanwhile, Frank combats the guilt he feels about these innocent men unfairly serving nine years in prison. Also, Jamie and Eddie find themselves in a life-threatening situation which affects their personal relationship.

text: Ratings[edit]

text:
No.
Title
Air date
Rating/share
(18–49)
Viewers
(millions)
DVR
(18–49)
DVR viewers
(millions)
Total
(18–49)
Total viewers
(millions)

1
"Cutting Losses"
September 29, 2017
1.1/5
10.04[3]
0.7
4.57
1.8
14.60[25]

2
"Ghosts of the Past"
October 6, 2017
1.0/4
9.49[4]
0.7
4.18
1.7
13.67[26]

3
"The Enemy of My Enemy"
October 13, 2017
0.9/4
8.98[5]
0.6
4.13
1.5
13.11[27]

4
"Out of the Blue"
October 20, 2017
0.9/4
9.08[6]
0.7
4.12
1.6
13.20[28]

5
"The Forgotten"
October 27, 2017
0.9/4
8.29[7]
N/A
4.14
N/A
12.43[29]

6
"Brushed Off"
November 3, 2017
0.9/4
9.27[8]
N/A
3.97
N/A
13.24[30]

7
"Common Ground"
November 10, 2017
1.0/5
9.94[9]
0.7
3.84
1.7
13.78[31]

8
"Pick Your Poison"
November 17, 2017
0.9/4
9.25[10]
N/A
4.14
N/A
13.40[32]

9
"Pain Killers"
December 1, 2017
0.8/4
8.84[11]
0.7
4.54
1.5
13.41[33]

10
"Heavy is the Head"
December 8, 2017
0.9/4
9.40[12]
0.7
4.07
1.6
13.47[34]

11
"Second Chances"
January 5, 2018
1.0/4
9.98[13]
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A

12
"The Brave"
January 12, 2018
1.0/4
10.17[14]
0.7
4.39
1.7
14.56[35]

13
"Erasing History"
January 19, 2018
0.9/4
9.45[15]
0.7
4.42
1.6
13.87[36]

14
"School of Hard Knocks"
February 2, 2018
0.9/4
9.32[16]
0.7
4.36
1.6
13.69[37]

15
"Legacy"
March 2, 2018
0.9/4
9.06[17]
N/A
4.42
N/A
13.47[38]

16
"Tale of Two Cities"
March 9, 2018
0.8/4
8.95[18]
N/A
4.24
N/A
13.27[39]

17
"Close Calls"
March 30, 2018
0.9/4
8.43[19]
0.8
4.23
1.7
12.66[40]

18
"Friendship, Love, and Loyalty"
April 6, 2018
0.8/4
8.75[20]
0.6
4.17
1.4
12.92[41]

19
"Risk Management"
April 13, 2018
0.8/4
8.25[21]
N/A
3.33
N/A
11.58[42]

20
"Your Six"
April 27, 2018
0.8/4
8.13[22]
0.6
4.50
1.4
12.63[43]

21
"The Devil You Know"
May 4, 2018
0.7/3
7.78[23]
TBD
TBD
TBD
TBD

22
"My Aim is True"
May 11, 2018
0.9/4
8.88[24]
TBD
TBD
TBD
TBD


document_title: Queen of the South (biblical reference)

question_text: who is the queen of the south in the bible

text: Queen of the South (biblical reference)

text: Queen of the South (Greek: βασίλισσα νότου, basilissa notou) is an alternative title for the Queen of Sheba, used in two passages in the New Testament, where Jesus said:

text: Occasionally, biblical translators have used the phrase "a Queen of the South",[2] the Greek having no article, but this has been criticized as incorrect.[3]

text: The arrival of the Queen of Sheba (or “Queen of the South”) occurs in 1 Kings 10. The Queen had heard about Solomon’s fame and his relationship with the Lord, so she came to Solomon with a list of deep questions. According to the scriptural account, Solomon answered all her questions. The Queen believed as she received answers while face-to-face with Solomon.

text: In the New Testament passages, Jesus refers to the Queen's arrival, saying that even she, being skeptical until she met with Solomon personally, will condemn the current generation for their lack of faith.


document_title: Amita Ramanujan

question_text: numbers when do charlie and amita get together

text: Amita Ramanujan

text: Evolution over the series[edit]

text: Dr. Amita Ramanujan is a newly appointed (as of the third season) professor of Tamil origin at the California Institute of Science (CalSci). In the first season, she received a doctorate in computational mathematics with Charlie Eppes as her thesis adviser at CalSci, the same institution where she currently holds a faculty position. Because of this association with Charlie, she assists him with various mathematical problems offered through his connection to the Federal Bureau of Investigation and frequently helps him see cases in a new light. She is the best programmer Larry Fleinhardt and Charlie know and is an expert on asymptotic combinatorics. To her surprise, Amita won the 2006 Milton Prize for her dissertation on combinatorics, which Charlie, a previous recipient, presented to her. She decided to use the prize money to fund a trip to India with her grandmother in an attempt to become attuned with her heritage and help with the education costs of two Tamil girls she met through one of Don's cases. In season five, she puts her skills to use on a new artificial intelligence, but is nearly killed.

text: At the close of season one, in which she had completed her graduate work under the supervision of Charlie, she decided to pursue a second doctoral degree in astrophysics at CalSci with a new thesis adviser, Dr. Kepler. When Dr. Kepler became ill, she taught his course on the structure and dynamics of galaxies. She has also given a solar physics presentation. Amita is currently doing research with Dr. Mildred Finch, the new Chair of the CalSci Physics, Mathematics, and Astronomy Division and an experimental neutrino astrophysicist; Dr. Finch put her on tenure track and appointed her chair of the curriculum committee. She also works with Larry Fleinhardt on the DØ experiment search for the Higgs boson.

text: She and Charlie have had a romantic relationship of sorts throughout the series. The relationship suffered several false starts in season 2. In season 3, the relationship seems to have stabilized. One obstacle to the relationship was Charlie's long-time obtuseness with regard to Amita's interests in him, a fact upon which she commented early in season 2. Her interest in Charlie wouldn't be so compounded if only he could not see everything in the world in mathematical categories. On the other hand, she deeply admires his work, and is filled with awe after touching a chalkboard full of his elegant equations. In Season 2, after Charlie became concerned with her association with Dr. Penfield, she stated she had no time for a serious relationship because of her graduate work on astrophysics. She assured Charlie that her interest in Penfield was only of the intellectual nature.

text: At times, she has felt that her work has been subsumed by Charlie's research. Amita's professional career further created a conflict for her following an offer for a three-year assistant professorship at Harvard University. At the close of season two, she had not decided if she would accept the position, or remain in California and apply for a similar position through CalSci. With the start of season three, she decided to take the CalSci position and kindle a romance with Charlie. However, Amita said that it would be arrogant for Charlie to think that she only stayed for him.

text: She is having problems accepting her role as a professor, especially in the view that she was a student only recently at the same university where she now holds a faculty position. Dr. Larry Fleinhardt advised her in recreating her image of herself, for only then would other professors accept her as a colleague. Dr. Finch said harsh words to Amita about her needing to act like a professor and be more than Charlie's assistant and even stated that she dresses like a kid. Mildred disapproved of her dating her former thesis adviser. This caused her to doubt her relationship with Charlie, but he took it to the next step in kissing her in his garage and she did not hesitate. When Dr. Finch saw this, Charlie and Amita were temporarily shocked. In "End of Watch", she nearly quit chairing the curriculum committee, as their colleagues remarked on their relationship.

text: Amita understood Charlie's sentiments over Larry's leave of absence to the International Space Station and could discern that Eppes had never been in a situation where he was not able to get what he wanted. In "Killer Chat", she stated that she could distinguish between "Professor Eppes" and "Charlie Eppes". Megan Reeves said it was nice that she worked well with Charlie. Also, the two women were proud to see Charlie help Larry accomplish his dream.

text: Though she said she loves Charlie, Amita did not want him to meet her father, as Mr. Ramanujan always had the expectation that she would only date men born in India. She joked that it would be fine once Charlie won the Fields Medal, which she believes he has the potential to earn. Despite this concern, Charlie has asked her to move in with him, and she is agreeable to the plan. Charlie's ideal situation would be for them to live together in his house and his father to move into a condo; however, the details of the arrangement are yet to be determined. When Charlie finally meets Amita's parents, Tapti and Sanjay Ramanujan, they are very rude to him, dismissing him, at times completely ignoring him, and talking about another man for their daughter. Eventually, though, they warm to Charlie and accept him.

text: In the season 5 finale, "Angels and Devils", Charlie proposes to Amita at the end of the episode after she had been kidnapped at gunpoint in front of him by the leader of a cult. After Don and the rest of team get her home safely, Charlie proposes to her saying that he has learned this past year (5th season) that life turns on a dime and he doesn't want the things that matter (Amita) to disappear because he waited to see what could happen. Her response is not heard as the episode ends, but it is implied in the first episode of season 6, Charlie and Amita announce to Alan and Don, Charlie's father and brother, that they have decided to get married. Amita and Charlie attempt to find a wedding date that fits them and their families' schedules, finally accepting Alan's suggestion of using his and Margaret's anniversary date as Amita and Charlie's wedding date.

text: As mentioned in the Season 6 episode, "Hydra", Amita would like to have three children with Charlie. They later admit that they are far too busy for children at this point in their lives, however.

text: Backstory[edit]

text: Amita was born in California and her family was from South India, speaking Tamil. She mentioned in the pilot episode an arranged marriage (she described her would-be fiancé, a banker from Goa, as "a total ass") but it was unclear if she was serious or teasing Charlie and Alan. It is later revealed in "Pay To Play" that the Banker from Goa has married someone else.

text: As revealed in "Tabu", she built her first computer at the age of 13. Series writer Sean Crouch wrote “First Law” to explain Amita’s interest in computers.[1]

text: Amita has been a player of a MMORPG game called "Primacy" since she was an undergraduate (age 19), which allowed her to provide unique insights into a case involving a murderer who was a jealous gamer.

text: Creation[edit]

text: The character of Amita Ramanujan was in the original pilot as an MIT graduate student.[2] Navi Rawat was cast in the role of Amita.[2] Due to her commitment to North Shore, writers and producers were uncertain whether Rawat would return to Numb3rs.[3] Rawat's character on North Shore got cut before the pilot even aired, enabling her to return to Numb3rs as a guest star during the first season.[4] She became a regular during season two.[5]

text: The last name of the character is taken directly from the celebrated Indian mathematician Srinivasa Ramanujan, whose impact on the mathematical field has been enormous. There is even a mathematical journal, The Ramanujan Journal, dedicated solely to the discoveries made by Ramanujan. He died at the age of 32, having made remarkable breakthroughs in his short career.

text: Reception[edit]

text: Rawat has appeared at the 2005 National Council of Teachers of Mathematics (NCTM) convention in Anaheim.[6]