document_title: Jarvis Cocker

question_text: who did jarvis cocker play in harry potter

text: Jarvis Cocker

text: Early life[edit]

text: Cocker was born in Sheffield, growing up in the Intake area of the city. His father, Mac Cocker, a DJ and actor, left the family and moved to Sydney when Cocker was seven, and had no contact with Cocker or his sister, Saskia. Thereafter, both were brought up by their mother, who later became a Conservative councillor.[3]

text: Cocker credits his upbringing, almost exclusively in female company, for his interest in how women think and what they have to say. He wrote a song ("A Little Soul" on This Is Hardcore) about being abandoned by his father, working briefly as a butler,[4] and in 1998 travelled with his sister to Australia to meet him for the first time in nearly 30 years.[citation needed]

text: Mac Cocker was a radio DJ in Sydney, with Double J in the 1970s and then Triple J in the 1980s,[5] and did not counter a common impression there that he was Joe Cocker's brother or cousin (despite both being from Sheffield, they are not related). By the time of his son's visit, Mac Cocker had moved to a hippie commune in Darwin, Northern Territory.[citation needed] Cocker says he has forgiven his father for abandoning them, saying, "I don't feel any bitterness towards him at all. I feel sorry for him."[3][6]

text: Career[edit]

text: Pulp[edit]

text: Cocker founded "Arabacus Pulp" (named after a tradable commodity he learned about in an economics class) at the age of 15[7] while he was still at The City School of Sheffield. After numerous line-up changes, and shortening the name to "Pulp", the band eventually found fame in the 1990s with the success of the albums His 'n' Hers (1994) and Different Class (1995). Cocker was Pulp's frontman, and part of his trademark image was his glasses, which seemed to "stay magically on his face" no matter what antics he performed. This feat was achieved using "a huge rubber band round the back" of his glasses.[8]

text: Pulp released two more albums (This Is Hardcore and We Love Life) to critical acclaim, though neither achieved the commercial success of Different Class. After releasing a greatest hits album, the band went on hiatus from 2003 to 2010, then returned to activity in 2011.[9]

text: Cocker is also renowned for his wit and observations of the cultural scene. He was a frequent guest on TV shows in the 1990s, and hosted an art series for Channel 4 – "Journeys into the Outside". In the series, he took a trip across the globe, meeting so-called "outsider artists", people who create wacky and wonderful works of art, trying to understand what compelled them to do so. Cocker's penchant for TV appearances was reflected in a parody of "Common People" ("Showbiz People") which was featured on the satirical comedy show Spitting Image in 1996.[citation needed]

text: Brit Awards incident[edit]

text: Cocker invaded the stage at the 1996 Brit Awards in a spur of the moment protest against Michael Jackson's performance. Jackson was performing his hit "Earth Song" while surrounded by children and a rabbi. Cocker and his friend Peter Mansell (a former Pulp member) performed an impromptu stage invasion in protest.[10]

text: Cocker was detained and interviewed by the police on suspicion of assault. He was accompanied by comedian Bob Mortimer, a former solicitor, who represented him in that capacity.[11] He was subsequently released without charge. Opinions from the press on Cocker's actions were mixed. Melody Maker's edition of 2 March 1996, for example, suggested Cocker should be knighted, and Noel Gallagher of Oasis said that "Jarvis Cocker is a star" and should be awarded an MBE. Regarding his actions, Cocker said, "My actions were a form of protest at the way Michael Jackson sees himself as some kind of Christ-like figure with the power of healing. I just ran on the stage. I didn't make any contact with anyone as far as I recall."[12]

text: On 2 July 2009 he appeared as a panellist on BBC TV's Question Time. He said that Jackson's recent death had been over-hyped by the media. When asked what he objected to about Michael Jackson at the time of the Brit Awards incident, he reiterated his earlier comments about Jackson and Christ (whilst admitting he himself wasn't religious). When asked, "Otherwise as a performer you thought he was a genius?" Cocker replied, "He invented the moonwalk."[13]

text: Solo career[edit]

text: Jarvis: 2006–2008[edit]

text: Cocker's debut album, Jarvis, was released in the UK on 13 November 2006.[14] At the 2006 Reading festival, the video for "Running the World" was played on the main video screens of the main stage throughout the day, including just before the headline act, Muse, performed. This video contained a karaoke-like presentation of the song's lyrics to encourage the crowd to sing along.[15]

text: In March 2008, Cocker made a small tour of Latin America (México, Argentina and Chile), where he presented a new song called "Girls Like It Too".[citation needed]

text: Further Complications: 2008[edit]

text: Speaking to NME.com, Cocker said that he had written "Girls Like It Too" and "The Usual", and hoped to have enough material to record the follow-up to his solo debut album.[16] He said of the forthcoming studio album: "I've got vague ideas. I'd like to do another album before the end of the year."[17]

text: Cocker debuted a new song, "Angela", on BBC2's "The Summer Exhibition: A Culture Show Special", on 13 June 2008 that remains available for viewing on the BBC website.[18] On 6 March 2009, Pitchfork revealed the cover art and album title for Further Complications, which was recorded by Steve Albini and released on 18 May 2009.[19] Drowned in Sound stated that the album was "a huge leap forward" for Cocker.[20]

text: In October 2011, Faber and Faber published a collection of his lyrics entitled Mother, Brother, Lover: Selected Lyrics.[21]

text: Room 29: 2017[edit]

text: In March 2017, he released Room 29, a collaboration with musician Chilly Gonzales.[22]

text: Side projects[edit]

text: Musical[edit]

text: Cocker sang a duet, "Ciao!", with Miki Berenyi on British shoegazing band Lush's 1996 album Lovelife. In 1997, he collaborated with David Arnold on a cover of "All Time High" by Rita Coolidge, the theme from Octopussy. Furthermore, he gained co-writing credits for several songs ("Walk Like a Panther", "1st Man in Space", "Drive Safely Darlin'", "Stars on Sunday", and "Happy Birthday Nicola") on The All Seeing I's album Pickled Eggs & Sherbet, released in 1999. He contributed lead vocals to "Drive Safely Darlin'". He also performed live with The All Seeing I on Top of the Pops, singing "Walk Like a Panther" in place of Tony Christie, who sang on the recorded version.[23]

text: In 2001, he contributed "Everybody Loves the Underdog" to the soundtrack for Mike Bassett: England Manager. He re-emerged in 2003 to promote a new album, under the pseudonym "Darren Spooner", for his new band Relaxed Muscle. The same year, he appeared on the Richard X album Richard X Presents His X-Factor Vol. 1. In 2004, Cocker collaborated with Nancy Sinatra on her new album, as well as with Marianne Faithfull on her album Kissin Time, with the song "Sliding through Life on Charm."[citation needed]

text: In 2005, Cocker co-wrote three tracks ("La Degustation", "Basque Country" and "Fred de Fred") on Sheffield-based electronica duo The Lovers' self-titled debut album. That same year he also covered "I Can't Forget" by Leonard Cohen as part of the tribute show for the film Leonard Cohen: I'm Your Man.[24]

text: Cocker also contributed to the soundtrack for Harry Potter and the Goblet of Fire, writing and performing three tracks: "This Is the Night", "Do the Hippogriff" and "Magic Works". He appeared briefly in the film as lead singer of the band The Weird Sisters. The fictitious group also featured Jonny Greenwood and Phil Selway from Radiohead, Steve Mackey from Pulp, Jason Buckle from Relaxed Muscle and Steven Claydon from Add N to.[25]

text: In 2006, Cocker appeared on albums Monsieur Gainsbourg Revisited (song "I Just Came to Tell You That I'm Going", co-performed with Kid Loco) and Rogue's Gallery: Pirate Ballads, Sea Songs, and Chanteys (song "A Drop of Nelson's Blood"). His song "Running the World" appeared over the closing credits of the film Children of Men. Also in 2006, along with Steve Mackey, he 'curated' the two-CD compilation, The Trip, which featured a wide selection of tracks by artists as varied as The Fall, Gene Pitney, The Beach Boys, and The Polecats. He also co-wrote lyrics on the Charlotte Gainsbourg album 5:55, with Neil Hannon and members of Air. Cocker and Beth Ditto (The Gossip) recently collaborated on a cover version of Heaven 17's "Temptation" at the NME Awards in London.

text: In 2007, Cocker contributed to two songs on French electronica group Air's album "Pocket Symphony" – performing on "One Hell of a Party" and (with Charlotte Gainsbourg) "The Duelist". He curated the 2007 Meltdown Festival at the South Bank Centre in London, UK. The line-up he chose included Motörhead, Roky Erickson and the Explosives with Clinic, Devo with Drumsize, Iggy & The Stooges, Cornershop, and The Jesus and Mary Chain.[26]

text: In 2008, Cocker contributed Born to Cry, (originally a Pulp song released on the Notting Hill soundtrack CD – though not featured in the film and co-written by Richard Hawley) to Tony Christie's album of songs by Sheffield-based songwriters, Made in Sheffield. Around 2008, Cocker also participated in a project that tackled the question, "What is Music?", designed to enter into the debate over the future of the music industry. Cocker asked: "Does this mean that music can now go back to being an art form again? Also, what happens if you get a band to rehearse in an art gallery instead of a rehearsal space?"[27] Consequently, Cocker and his band installed themselves in an art gallery in Paris, France for five days. Each day, Cocker and his musicians performed a variety of different tasks. These included sound-tracking a relaxation class, inviting local musicians to join them in a jam and arranging activities with local school-children. Films of the exhibition remain accessible online in 2014.[28]

text: In 2010, he worked with the National Trust to produce an album of sounds recorded at 11 of Britain's historically significant sites.[29][30] In 2010 he also narrated Prokofiev's Peter and the Wolf at the Royal Festival Hall.[31]

text: Cocker sang vocals on the single "Synchronize" by Discodeine, a French production duo. The song appeared on the duo's first studio album, released through the on Dirty and Pschent labels on 14 February 2011.[32][33]

text: Cocker performed the song "I'm Still Here" from Follies in the HBO documentary Six By Sondheim, in a segment directed by Todd Haynes.

text: Cocker, alongside Jason Buckle, wrote, produced and sang backing vocals for the track "Worship Me now" on Marc Almond's album The Dancing Marquis (2014). "Jarvis is in there whispering over my shoulder like the Devil. It's very electro old school" states Almond in an interview with the Liverpool Echo.[34]

text: Music videos[edit]

text: Cocker has also directed music videos for, among others, Warp Records, including On by Aphex Twin, Sudden Rush by Erlend Øye and Aftermath by Nightmares on Wax (all three were co-directed with Martin Wallace). He also made brief appearances in the music videos for "A Little More for Little You" by Swedish rockers The Hives and "Fifteen Feet of Pure White Snow" by Nick Cave and the Bad Seeds.

text: He also is to be seen as Myron Wagtail, lead singer of the Weird Sisters in a ball scene in the movie Harry Potter and the Goblet of Fire. The original scene was cut short, but most of the Blu-ray and DVD releases hold the original scene in full-length with the whole 3:30-minute song in bonus parts.

text: Journeys into the Outside with Jarvis Cocker[edit]

text: Journeys into the Outside with Jarvis Cocker, a three-episode series, was broadcast in 1999 on Channel 4 and featured Cocker travelling the world to look at various forms of outsider art:

text:
Simon Rodia's Watts Towers in Los Angeles, US
The Rock Garden of Chandigarh by Nek Chand
The Garden of Eden by Samuel P. Dinsmoor
The sculpture garden of Las Pozas, Mexico by Edward James
The land of Pasaquan, created by Eddie Owens Martin aka St. EOM

text: The series was directed by longtime collaborator Martin Wallace.[35]

text: Broadcasting[edit]

text: On 3 October 1996, Cocker co-hosted the Australian Saturday morning program Recovery with regular co host (and radio personality) Jane Gazzo.[36]

text: On 12 October 2006, a fictional version of Cocker was a lead character in a drama on BBC Radio 2, as part of their "Imagine" competition.[37] On 31 December 2008, Cocker guest edited the Today programme on BBC Radio 4.[38] He also guested as a panellist on BBC's Question Time in July 2009.[39]

text: In October 2009, BBC Radio 6 Music announced Cocker was set to take over the Sunday afternoon slot from 10 January 2010 onwards, with Jarvis Cocker's Sunday Service. He was quoted as saying "Sunday doesn't feel that different to the other days of the week any more. Although there was something weird about when everything seemed to stop on a Sunday, it kind of marked out the week. I am going to put the boringness back into Sunday. That's my mission."[40]

text: Cocker won the Sony DAB Rising Star Award 2010, voted for by listeners, for his BBC Radio 6 Music Show.[41]

text: In January 2011 he appeared with fellow musician Richard Hawley and DJ Marc Riley on a Radio 4 programme, entitled "In Search of the Holy Whale", whereby the trio embarked on a whale-watching expedition in the sea off Cork, Ireland.[8]

text: Cocker arranged for Iggy Pop to host the show in 2014,[42] while he undertakes a hiatus that will involve Editor-at-Large duties for publisher Faber and Faber. Cocker explained in December 2013:

text:
“
Crop Rotation has long been recognized as a way of preserving the fertility of the soil. Every now and again a field has to be left fallow for a year in order to make sure it has time to recover. In 2014 I will be that field. T'is done with the firm conviction that it will lead to a stronger and more vigorous Sunday Service when I return to 6 Music's pastures.[43]
”

text: Acting[edit]

text: American director Wes Anderson is an admirer of Cocker's work.[44] This led to Anderson giving Cocker a role in the stop-animation movie Fantastic Mr. Fox as the voice of Petey, who also sings an original song.[45] In Harry Potter and the Goblet of Fire he plays Myron Wagtail, lead singer of the Weird Sisters. He also played himself in the 2007 romantic comedy, The Good Night.

text: Journalism[edit]

text: In June 2011, Cocker was chosen as poetry guest editor for The Mays Anthology, a collection of new writing from students at the University of Oxford and University of Cambridge.[46]

text: In 2014, he was the Editor-at-Large for Faber and Faber, and Singing from the Floor by JP Bean is his first acquisition. Cocker explained to NME: "Singing from the Floor portrays an important movement in vernacular culture in the voices of the people who made it happen – and that's not an easy task ... JP Bean has captured this moment before it is lost forever, and has made it live again on the page. He's a very clever chap. Let's raise a glass to him."[43] Cocker says he writes about 'the little things that stick in your mind' because most of them are 'eternal'.[47]

text: Personal life[edit]

text: Soon after signing to Fire, in November 1985, Cocker fell out of a window while trying to impress a girl with a Spider-Man impression and ended up in hospital, temporarily requiring the use of a wheelchair, in which he appeared during concerts.[48]

text: In 1988, at age 25, Cocker took a sabbatical from Pulp to study Fine Art and Film at Central St Martins, from which he graduated in 1991.[49]

text: In the late 1990s, Cocker dated Chloë Sevigny. She later said in a 2009 interview:

text:
“
When I was in my early 20s, I went out with a British pop star, Jarvis Cocker; of course, pop stars have much more celebrity, I think, than actors even. They're really hunted by their fans much more. I remember driving around these remote towns in Wales and kids running after us in the street. I was like, 'This is horrible!' And I saw the effect it had on him, and that's when I decided I never wanted to be a celebrity at that level, and I think that's why I've chosen to do the work that I do and just kind of work with directors that I love and try and do work that means something to me.[50]
”

text: Cocker lived in Paris from 2003 with his wife, Camille Bidault-Waddington, and their son Albert (born 24 March 2003), known in the family as Al.[49] In April 2009 he announced that they were divorcing "on amicable terms", but that he was staying in Paris to remain in his son's life.[51] Cocker had previously lived in Paris in the early 1990s, writing lyrics for Pulp's breakthrough album His 'n' Hers there, but he never learned to speak French, according to Bidault-Waddington.[52]

text: In 2010, Cocker was named Cultural Ambassador for Eurostar.[53] He has been an ambassador for the Edinburgh-based charity Scottish Love in Action (SLA) since 2010. He has also played on the band Everything Is New's debut CD. The CD was made to raise money for SLA.

text: In 2015, Cocker was among the signatories of a pledge committing to a "cultural boycott" of Israel.[54]

text: Cocker is a supporter of Sheffield Wednesday F.C.[55]

text: Discography[edit]

text:
Jarvis (2006) No. 37 UK
Further Complications (2009) No. 19 UK, No. 155 US
Room 29 (with Chilly Gonzales) (2017)


document_title: The Grim Adventures of Billy & Mandy

question_text: who plays the grim reaper in billy and mandy

root

text: The Grim Adventures of Billy & Mandy

text: Premise[edit]

text: The series is centered around the exploits of  Billy (voiced by Richard Steven Horvitz), a completely idiotic and happy-go-lucky boy; Mandy (Grey DeLisle), a cynical and merciless girl, and Grim (Greg Eagles), the Grim Reaper who is often tormented by the duo. After cheating at a limbo match against Grim (in retaliation for putting the limbo rod too low for them to go under), he is enslaved in a permanently  unwanted friendship with the children.[2] Grim is miserable in the first days of his servitude, and even fantasizes about killing them multiple times. However, as the time passes, he gradually adapts to the new life, and even grows to care for Billy and Mandy, if only somewhat. Despite this, he retains a love-hate relationship with the two and desires to eventually break free from his servitude.

tag: p

text: Billy and Mandy use Grim's supernatural abilities and powers to venture into supernatural locations or environments, such as the Underworld, or the Netherworld, inhabited by an assortment of grotesque monstrous beasts. The pair also use Grim's enormously strong supernatural abilities or ties with a number of beastly characters to achieve goals or desires for themselves, often with twisted results. Famed fictional monsters including Dracula, the Wolfman, and the bogeyman are also comically depicted in the series.

text: Supporting characters include Irwin (Vanessa Marshall), a nerdy awkward boy who has a crush on Mandy; Harold (Richard Steven Horvitz), Billy's father who is even dumber than his son; Gladys (Jennifer Hale), Billy's loving yet mentally unstable mother; Mindy (Rachael MacFarlane), the snobby, stuck-up, and spoiled queen bee of Billy and Mandy's school; Sperg (Greg Eagles), the local bully who has a sensitive side; Fred Fredburger (C.H. Greenblatt), a simple-minded, irritating underworld creature who loves frozen yogurt and nachos; Dracula (Phil LaMarr), a selfish elderly vampire who's revealed to be Irwin's paternal grandfather in the final season of the show.

text: The show lacks continuity for the most part, as many episodes end with characters killed, exiled, or stuck in a situation. Characters sometimes display an awareness of some events from previous episodes, but there are no clear character arcs or coherent plot lines tying the show together.

text: History[edit]

text: The series had its genesis in 1995, when Maxwell Atoms, while he was a junior at the University of the Arts in Philadelphia, made a two-minute short film for his thesis project. Titled Billy and Mandy in: The Trepanation of the Skull and You, it centers around Billy and Mandy (prototype versions) discussing trepanning with each other. In the end, Mandy drills Billy's head, causing him to pass out after too much blood loss even though he says he feels great. The short had never been shown publicly until April 30, 2016, during the first annual TromAnimation Film Festival.[3] After the screening, Atoms uploaded the film, albeit in a deteriorating state after years of storage, on his YouTube channel.

text: The show's existence is the result of a viewer poll event by way of telephone and the Internet called Cartoon Network's Big Pick which was held from June 16 to August 25, 2000.[4] The three final choices were Grim and Evil (later splitting into two separate series: The Grim Adventures of Billy and Mandy and Evil Con Carne), Whatever Happened to... Robot Jones? and Longhair and Doubledome.[4] Out of the three, Grim and Evil attained the most votes with 57%; Robot Jones came in second place at 23% while Longhair and Doubledome received 20% of the vote.[4][5]

text: Originally part of Grim & Evil, Billy & Mandy served as the main show. In each episode, an Evil Con Carne short was put between two Grim shorts.[4] On occasion, it was the other way around, with two Evil shorts and one Grim short. The series premiered on August 24, 2001, during the Cartoon Cartoon Fridays Big Pick Weekend.

text: On June 13, 2003, the network separated the two and gave each their own full-length program. The short-lived Evil Con Carne show was cancelled once the already-produced season had aired. Some characters from Evil Con Carne occasionally appeared on The Grim Adventures of Billy & Mandy. General Skarr become an official character on the show in the episode "Skarred for Life", where he becomes Billy's new next-door neighbor, and in "Company Halt", the ninth episode of the final season which functions as the true series finale for Evil Con Carne, Ghastly, Hector, Boskov, and Stomach restart their evil organization and convince Skarr to join them, but their plans are ultimately foiled by Billy and Mandy, and Skarr goes back to living his life as a normal person.

text: Episodes[edit]

text: SeasonEpisodesOriginally airedFirst airedLast aired123August 24, 2001October 31, 200328June 11, 2004July 30, 2004313October 1, 2004June 10, 2005414June 17, 2005December 2, 2005513January 6, 2006August 9, 2006611October 6, 2006November 9, 2007M&S4March 30, 2007 (2007-03-30)October 12, 2008 (2008-10-12)

tag: table

text: Reception[edit]

text: The Grim Adventures of Billy & Mandy received critical acclaim and became one of Cartoon Network's top rated and most popular series. Common Sense Media gave the show a 3/5 star rating and stated that it has "goofy punchlines and obscure cultural references", and recommends the viewer age be at least 8 years old.[6] The series has won one Annie Award, two Emmy Awards and including those three wins, has been nominated a total of nine times for various awards. New episodes were broadcast on Cartoon Network Fridays at 7:30pm to over 1 million viewers an episode.

text: Awards and nominations[edit]

text:
Year
Award
Category
Nominee(s)
Result

2002

Golden Reel Awards

Best Sound Editing in Television Animation[7]

Glenn Oyabe, Jesse Aruda, and Rob Desalesfor "The Smell of Vengeance: Pt. 1 & 2/Fiend is Like Friend Without the "R""

Nominated

2003
2004

Best Sound Editing in Television Animation – Music[7]

Glenn Oyabefor "Little Rock of Horror/The Pie Who Loved Me/Dream a Little Dream/Billy and Mandy's Jacked-Up Halloween"

Nominated

2005

Best Sound Editing in Television Animation[7]

Glenn Oyabe, Jesse Aruda, Erik Sequeira, and Cecil Broughtonfor "Super Zero/Sickly Sweet"

Nominated

Annie Awards

Directing in an Animated Television Production[8]

Brian Sheesleyfor "Nursery Crimes"

Nominated

Shaun Cashman and Phil Cummingsfor "Attack of the Clowns"

Won

2006

Annie Awards

Directing in an Animated Television Production[9]

Shaun Cashman for "Hill Billy"

Nominated

Emmy Awards

Outstanding Individual Achievement in Animation[10]

Michael Diederich

Won

2007

Outstanding Individual Achievement in Animation[11]

Phil Ryndafor Billy & Mandy's Big Boogey Adventure

Won

Daytime Emmy Awards

Broadband-Children's[12]

The Grim Adventures of Billy & Mandy

Nominated

text: Media[edit]

text: TV movies[edit]

text: Three TV movies were made for the series. The first one was called Billy & Mandy's Big Boogey Adventure and was released on DVD in April, 2007.[13] Common Sense Media gave the movie 2/5 stars and is meant for kids over the age of 8 calling it "undeniably gross and just as undeniably funny".[14] DVDverdict.com gave the movie a good review as well.[15]

text: A second movie, Wrath of the Spider Queen, was also released in 2007. It was based on a spider queen from Grim's distant past, who tries to take revenge on him because she was meant to be the reaper. Meanwhile, keeping up with the spider theme, Billy learns to love his spider son Jeff.[16]

text: On October 12, 2008, a third and final spin-off movie, titled Underfist: Halloween Bash, premiered. The movie's primary focus is on Irwin, Jeff the Spider, Hoss Delgado, General Skarr, and Fred Fredburger accidentally coming together to defeat an invasion of chocolate bar monsters, led by an evil marshmallow bunny, on Halloween night.[17]

text: Music[edit]

text: The score composers for the series are Gregory Hinde, Drew Neumann and Guy Moon.[18][19][20] In addition, two songs were made for the show by Aurelio Voltaire, the episode "Little Rock of Horrors", which parodies the musical Little Shop of Horrors, features a song titled "BRAINS!"[21][22] and, in Billy & Mandy's Big Boogey Adventure, the song "Land of the Dead" is played in the opening credits.[23] Both songs are a part of the album Spooky Songs For Creepy Kids.[21] The season two episode "Battle of the Bands" also featured the song "Darkness" by metal band SPF 1000. There was also an instance at the end of the Christmas special entitled "Billy & Mandy Save Christmas", where the end credits music is the song "Round and Round" by heavy metal band Ratt.

text: Video game[edit]

text: A video game inspired by the series was developed by Midway Games, and released on October 2, 2006,.[24] It is a 3D fighting game. The video game received fair to good reviews: GameSpot gave it a 6.6/10 by Greg Mueller, he goes on to say that while it is fun for the "first few hours" and has "Fast-paced gameplay" the game action "gets old quickly" and has a very short story mode.[25] IGN gave the game a good score of 7.2/10 highlighting its presentation and appeal.[26] Metacritic gave the game a rating of 61/100 based on 10 critic reviews.[27]

text: In other countries[edit]

text:
Italy - "Le Tenebrose Avventure di Billy e Mandy"
India - "बिली मैंडी और जीवन में हादी" (1st dub) and "हद्दी मेरा बडी" (2nd dub) "Haddi Mera Buddy" (Same Language Dub)
Latin America - "Las Sombrías Aventuras de Billy y Mandy"
Spain - "Las macabras aventuras de Billy y Mandy"
Portugal - "As Aventuras Assustadoras de Billy e Mandy"
Brazil - "As Terríveis Aventuras de Billy e Mandy"
Hungary - "Billy és Mandy kalandjai a kaszással"
Germany - "Die gruseligen Abenteuer von Billy und Mandy"
France - "Billy et Mandy, aventuriers de l'au-delà"
Netherlands - "De Grimmige Avonturen van Billy en Mandy"
Russia - "Ужасные приключения Билли и Мэнди"
Japan -"ビリー&マンディ"
Greece - "Οι Grim περιπέτειες του Billy και του Mandy"
Sweden - "Grymma sagor med Billy och Mandy"
China - "愛酷一族"
Taiwan - "大鼻與酷蒂"
Finland - "Billy ja Mandyn harhaiset seikkailut"
Denmark - "Grumme eventyr med Billy og Mandy"
Norway - "Skumle eventyr med Billy og Randi"
Israel - "ההרפתקאות של בילי ומנדי"
Thailand - "การผจญภัยของบิลลี่และแมนดี้"
Bulgaria - "Мрачните приключения на Били и Манди"
Romania - "Negrele aventuri ale lui Billy și Mandy"
Poland - "Mroczne przygody Billy’ego i Mandy"
Arabia - "بيلي وماندي"

tag: ul


document_title: The Theory of Everything (2014 film)

question_text: who plays jane in the theory of everything

text: The Theory of Everything (2014 film)

text: Plot[edit]

text: At the University of Cambridge, astrophysics student Stephen Hawking begins a romantic relationship with literature student Jane Wilde. Although Stephen excels at mathematics and physics, his friends and professors are concerned over his lack of a thesis topic. After Stephen and his professor Dennis Sciama attend a lecture on black holes, Stephen speculates that black holes may have been part of the creation of the universe, and decides to write his thesis on time.

text: While pursuing his research, Stephen's muscles begin to fail, eventually causing him to fall and hit his head. He learns he has motor neurone disease; he will be unable to talk, swallow, breathe, or move most of his body; and has approximately two years to live. Stephen asks what will happen to his brain. The doctor tells Stephen that the disease will not affect it or his thoughts, but that eventually, no one will know what they are. As Stephen becomes reclusive, focusing on his work, Jane confesses she loves him. She tells Stephen's father she intends to stay with Stephen even as his condition worsens. They marry and have a son.

text: Stephen presents his thesis to the examination board, arguing that a black hole created the universe in a Big Bang, that it will emit heat, and that it will end in a Big Crunch. While celebrating with Jane and his friends, Stephen realises he cannot walk, and begins using a wheelchair.

text: After having a second child, a daughter, Stephen develops a theory about the visibility of black holes, and becomes a world-renowned physicist. Jane, focusing on the children and on Stephen's health and increasing fame, is unable to work on her own thesis and becomes frustrated. Stephen tells her he will understand if she needs help. She joins the church choir, where she meets widower Jonathan and they become close friends. She employs him as a piano teacher for her son and Jonathan befriends the entire family, helping Stephen with his illness, supporting Jane, and playing with the children.

text: When Jane gives birth to another son, Stephen's mother asks Jane if the baby is Jonathan's, which she denies. Jane sees that Jonathan overheard the conversation, and is appalled, but when they are alone, they admit their feelings for one another. Jonathan stays away from the family, but Stephen visits him, saying that Jane needs him.

text: While Jane and Jonathan take the children camping, Stephen is invited to attend an opera performance in Bordeaux, and contracts pneumonia. While in the hospital, the doctors tell Jane that Stephen needs a tracheotomy, which will leave him unable to speak. She agrees to the surgery.

text: Stephen learns to use a spelling board, and uses it to communicate with Elaine, his new nurse. He receives a computer with a built-in voice synthesiser, and uses it to write a book, A Brief History of Time, which becomes an international best-seller.

text: Stephen tells Jane that he has been invited to America to accept an award, and will be taking Elaine with him. Jane faces the realisation that her and Stephen's marriage has not been working, telling him she "did her best". Jane and Stephen agree to divorce. Stephen goes to the lecture with Elaine, the two having fallen in love, and Jane and Jonathan reunite. At the lecture, Stephen sees a student drop a pen; he imagines getting up to return it, almost crying at the reminder of how his disease has affected him. He goes on to give an inspiring speech, saying, "There should be no boundaries to human endeavour. We are all different. However bad life may seem, there is always something you can do, and succeed at. While there's life, there is hope".

text: Stephen invites Jane to meet Queen Elizabeth II with him; they share a happy day together with their children, with Stephen saying "Look what we made".

text: An extended closing series comprises select moments from the film; shown in reverse, back to the moment Stephen first saw Jane. A final title sequence brings the lives of the lead characters up to date. Jane and Jonathan are happily married, and she has completed her PhD. She and Stephen remain close friends. Stephen declines a knighthood and continues his research, with no plans to retire.

text: Cast[edit]

text:
Eddie Redmayne[2] as Stephen Hawking[7]
Felicity Jones[2] as Jane Hawking[7]
Charlie Cox as Jonathan Jones, Jane's second husband[7]
David Thewlis as Dennis Sciama[7]
Simon McBurney as Frank Hawking, Stephen's father[7]
Emily Watson as Beryl Wilde, Jane's mother[7]
Maxine Peake as Elaine Mason, Stephen's second wife[7]
Harry Lloyd as Brian, Hawking’s room-mate[8]
Guy Oliver-Watts as George Wilde, Jane's father
Abigail Cruttenden as Isobel Hawking, Stephen's mother
Charlotte Hope as Phillipa Hawking, Stephen's sister[7]
Lucy Chappell as Mary Hawking, Stephen's sister
Christian McKay as Roger Penrose[7]
Enzo Cilenti as Kip Thorne[7]
Georg Nikoloff as Isaak Markovich Khalatnikov
Alice Orr-Ewing as Diana King, sister of Basil King, Stephen's friend
Stephen Hawking provides his own, Equaliser-computerised voice
Frank Leboeuf as Swiss doctor[7]
Michael Marcus as Ellis, Hawking's friend

text: Production[edit]

text: Development[edit]

text:
"That's really the essence of the story, it's a very unusual love story in a very strange environment, a very strange sort of landscape, and that is I think the abiding theme of the film. It is how these two characters, these two real people transcend all the complications and curveballs that life throws at them."

—James Marsh, speaking of the film's nature[9]

tag: div

text: Screenwriter Anthony McCarten had been interested in Hawking since reading his seminal book A Brief History of Time in 1988. In 2004, McCarten read Jane Hawking's memoir Travelling to Infinity: My Life with Stephen, and subsequently began writing a screenplay adaptation of the book, with no guarantees in place. He met numerous times with Jane at her home to discuss the project. After multiple drafts, he was introduced in 2009 to producer Lisa Bruce via their mutual ICM agent, Craig Bernstein.[10]

text: Bruce spent three years with McCarten, further convincing Jane Hawking to agree to a film adaptation of her book, with Bruce stating, "It was a lot of conversation, many glasses of sherry, and many pots of tea".[11] On 18 April 2013, James Marsh was confirmed to direct the film, with the shooting being based in Cambridge, and at other locations in the United Kingdom,[citation needed] with Eddie Redmayne courted to fill the male lead of the piece.[12] On 23 June 2013, it was revealed that Felicity Jones was confirmed to play the film's female lead role opposite Redmayne.[13][14] On 8 October 2013, it was confirmed that Emily Watson and David Thewlis had joined the cast, Christina Applegate, Kate del Castillo, Catherine Tate, and Amanda Peet were considered for the part,[15] and that Working Title's Tim Bevan, Eric Fellner, Lisa Bruce, and Anthony McCarten would be producing the piece.[16]

text: Filmmaker Marsh had studied archival images to give the film its authenticity, stating, "When we had photographs and documentary footage of Stephen that related to our story, we tried to reproduce them as best we could".[17] Redmayne met with Hawking himself, commenting, "Even now, when he's unable to move, you can still see such effervescence in his eyes". And described portraying Hawking on-screen as a "hefty" challenge, adding that, "The real problem with making a film is of course you don't shoot chronologically. So it was about having to really try and chart his physical deterioration [so] you can jump into it day-to-day, whilst at the same time keeping this spark and wit and humour that he has".[17]

text: Redmayne spent six months researching Hawking's life, watching every piece of interview footage he could find of him.[18] He studied Hawkings' accent and speech patterns under dialect coach Julia Wilson-Dickson to prepare for the role.[19] Marsh stated that what Redmayne had to do was not easy. "He had to take on enormous amounts of difficult preparation, as well as embracing the difficult physicality of the role. It's not just doing a disability. It's actually charting the course of an illness that erodes the body, and the mind has to project out from that erosion", he said. He added that Hawking gave him his blessing, and also revealed that, "[Hawking's] response was very positive, so much so that he offered to lend his voice, the real voice that he uses. The voice you hear in the latter part of the story is in fact Stephen's actual electronic voice as he uses it", he said.[9] It was revealed to the Toronto International Film Festival (TIFF) audience that as the lights came up at a recent screening, a nurse had wiped a tear from Hawking's cheek.[18]

text: Jane Hawking, speaking on BBC Radio 4's Woman's Hour, talked of meeting Jones several times while the latter prepared for the role.[20] When Hawking saw the finished film, she was amazed to see that Jones had incorporated her mannerisms and speech patterns into her performance.[20]

text: Filming[edit]

text: By 8 October 2013, principal photography had begun, with the shooting being done at Cambridge University, and at other locations in Cambridgeshire and across the United Kingdom.[21] Prior to the start of principal photography, Working Title had begun shooting on the lawn in front of the New Court building from 23 September 2013 to 27 September 2013; they filmed the Cambridge May Ball scene, set in 1963.[22] On 24 September 2013, scenes were filmed at St John's College, The Backs in Queen's Road, and Queen's Green.[23] The New Court lawn and Kitchen Bridge were included features in the filming location of the piece. The May Ball scene was the last of the outside shoots, with filming in a lecture theatre the following day, and the remaining filming completed in the studio over the final five weeks of production.[24]

text: The pyrotechnic specialists Titanium Fireworks, who developed the displays for the London 2012 Olympic Games, provided three identical firework displays for the Trinity College, Cambridge May Ball scene.[24][25]

text: Music[edit]

text: Composer Jóhann Jóhannsson scored The Theory of Everything. His score in the film has been described as including "[Jóhannsson's] signature blend of acoustic instruments and electronics". Jóhannsson commented that "it always involves the layers of live recordings, whether it's orchestra or a band or solo instrument, with electronics and more 'soundscapey' elements which can come from various sources".[26] The soundtrack was recorded at Abbey Road Studios.[27]

text: Post-production[edit]

text: During editing, filmmakers tried to remake Hawking's synthesised voice, but it did not turn out as they wanted. Hawking enjoyed the film enough that he granted them permission to use his own synthesised voice, which is heard in the final film.[28]

text: Historical accuracy[edit]

text: The film takes various dramatic liberties with the history it portrays. Writing for the film blog of UK daily newspaper The Guardian, Michelle Dean noted: "The Theory of Everything's marketing materials will tell you it is based on Jane Hawking's memoir of her marriage, a book published in the UK as Music to Move the Stars, and then re-issued as Travelling to Infinity. But the screenwriters rearranged the facts to suit certain dramatic conventions. And while that always happens in these based-on-a-true-story films, the scale of the departure in The Theory of Everything is unusually wide. The film becomes almost dishonest – in a way that feels unfair to both parties, and oddly, particularly Jane Hawking herself".[29] In Slate, L.V. Anderson wrote that "the Stephen played by Eddie Redmayne is far gentler and more sensitive" than suggested in Travelling to Infinity.[30] The Slate article further noted that the character Brian, Hawking's closest friend at Cambridge in the film, is not based on a real individual, but rather a composite of several of his real-life friends.[30]

text: The film alters some of the details surrounding the beginning of Stephen and Jane's relationship, including how they met, as well as the fact that Jane knew about Stephen's disease before they started dating.[29] Slate also comments that the film underplays Hawking's stubbornness and refusal to accept outside assistance for his disorder.[30]

text: For The Guardian, Dean concluded by saying:

text: "The movie presents the demise of their relationship as a beautiful, tear-soaked, mutually respectful conversation. Of course that didn't actually happen either. Jane's book describes a protracted breakup that comes to a head in a screaming fight on vacation. She also described devastation when Hawking announced by letter he was leaving her for his second wife, Elaine Mason. He ended up married to Mason for 10 years before that fell apart, and then he and Jane mended fences. Which, as it happens, the movie fudges too. It tries to present the rapprochement as coming when Hawking was made a Companion of Honour in 1989, but that actually happened before the couple separated".[29]

text: Physicist Adrian Melott, a former student of Dennis Sciama, Hawking's doctoral supervisor portrayed in the film, strongly criticised the portrayal of Sciama in the film.[31]

text: Release[edit]

text: On 8 October 2013, Universal Pictures International had acquired the rights to distribute the film internationally.[16]

text: On 10 April 2014, Focus Features acquired the distribution rights to The Theory of Everything in the United States, with the plan of a 2014 limited theatrical release.[32] publisher after, Entertainment One Films picked up the Canadian distribution rights.[33] The first trailer of the film was released on 7 August 2014.[34][35]

text: The Theory of Everything premiered at the Toronto International Film Festival (TIFF)[2] on 7 September 2014,[36] where it opened in the official sidebar section, Special Presentations.[37][38]

text: The film had a limited release in the United States on 7 November 2014,[39] expanded in successive weeks to Taiwan, Austria, and Germany,[40] ahead of a United Kingdom release on 1 January 2015, before being released throughout Europe.[41]

text: Reception[edit]

text: Box office[edit]

text: The Theory of Everything earned US$122,873,310 worldwide, with its biggest markets coming from North America (US$35.9 million), and the United Kingdom (US$31.9 million).[4] The film had a North American limited release on 7 November 2014; it was released in five theatres, and earned US$207,000 on its opening weekend, for an average of US$41,400 per theatre. The film was then widely released on 26 November across 802 theatres, earning US$5 million, and debuting at No. 7 at the Box Office. During its five-day Thanksgiving week, the film earned US$6.4 million.[42]

text: Critical response[edit]

text: Film review aggregator Rotten Tomatoes reports an approval rating of 79% based on 236 reviews, with an average rating of 7.3/10. The site's critical consensus reads, "Part biopic, part love story, The Theory of Everything rises on James Marsh's polished direction and the strength of its two leads."[43] Metacritic assigned the film a weighted average score of 72 out of 100, based on 47 critics, indicating "generally favorable reviews".[44]

text: Catherine Shoard of The Guardian wrote, "Redmayne towers: this is an astonishing, genuinely visceral performance which bears comparison with Daniel Day-Lewis in My Left Foot".[45] Lou Lumenick, in his review for The New York Post, called the film "tremendously moving and inspirational".[46] Justin Chang of Variety remarked, "A stirring and bittersweet love story, inflected with tasteful good humor...." He continued by praising the "superb performances" from Redmayne and Jones, as well commenting very positively about Jóhannsson's score, "whose arpeggio-like repetitions and progressions at times evoke the compositions of Philip Glass", whilst praising John Paul Kelly's production design, and Steven Noble's costumes.[47] Leslie Felperin of The Hollywood Reporter remarked, "A solid, duly moving account of their complicated relationship, spanning roughly 25 years, and made with impeccable professional polish", praising Delhomme's cinematography as having "lush, intricately lit compositions", and adding "a splendor that keeps the film consistently watchable", and Jóhannsson's score as "dainty precision with a ineffable scientific quality about it".[48] The Daily Telegraph's Tim Robey granted the film a positive review, stating that, "In its potted appraisal of Hawking's cosmology, The Theory of Everything bends over backwards to speak to the layman, and relies on plenty of second-hand inspiration. But it borrows from the right sources, this theory. And that's something", while praising Redmayne's performance, McCarten's script, and Delhomme's cinematography.[49] Deadline.com's Pete Hammond marked McCarten's script and Marsh's direction for praise, and of the film's Toronto reception, wrote: To say the response here was rapturous would not be understating the enthusiasm I heard — not just from pundits, but also Academy voters with whom I spoke. One told me he came in with high expectations for a quality movie, and this one exceeded them".[50]

text: The film was not without its detractors. Some criticised Marsh's focus on Hawking's romantic life. Alonso Duralde of The Wrap stated that "Hawking's innovations and refusal to subscribe to outdated modes of thinking merely underscore the utter conventionality of his film biography".[51] Eric Kohn of Indiewire added that "James Marsh's biopic salutes the famous physicist's commitment, but falls short of exploring his brilliant ideas".[52] Dennis Overbye of the New York Times noted that "the movie doesn't deserve any prizes for its drive-by muddling of Dr. Hawking's scientific work, leaving viewers in the dark about exactly why he is so famous. Instead of showing how he undermined traditional notions of space and time, it panders to religious sensibilities about what his work does or does not say about the existence of God, which in fact is very little".[53] Writing for The Guardian's film blog, Michelle Dean argues that the film does a disservice to Jane Wilde Hawking, by "rearrang[ing] the facts to suit certain dramatic conventions... The Theory of Everything is hell-bent on preserving the cliche".[54]

text: The film's producers, writer, director Marsh, and actors Redmayne and Jones were widely favoured for award season success.[37][50][55][56]

text: Accolades[edit]

text: The Theory of Everything received several awards and nominations following its release. At the 87th Academy Awards,[when?] it was nominated in the categories of Best Picture, Best Actor for Eddie Redmayne, Best Actress for Jones, Best Adapted Screenplay for McCarten, and Best Original Score for Jóhann Jóhannsson; with Eddie Redmayne winning the film's sole Academy Award for his performance. The film was nominated for ten British Academy Film Awards,[57] (winning for Best Adapted Screenplay, Best British Film, and Best Actor), five Critics' Choice Movie Awards,[58] and three Screen Actors Guild Awards.[59] At the 72nd Golden Globe Awards, Redmayne won Best Actor – Motion Picture Drama, and Jóhannsson won Best Original Score. The film, and Jones were also nominated. Production designer John Paul Kelly earned a nomination for Excellence in Production Design for a Period Film from the Art Directors Guild,[60] while the producers were nominated for Best Theatrical Motion Picture by the Producers Guild of America.[61]


document_title: Age of marriage in the United States

question_text: how old do you have to be to get married in nh

text: Age of marriage in the United States

text: Unlike most Western countries, 21 of the U.S. states do not have a legal minimum age of marriage. Individuals aged 18 have the ability to marry in U.S. states except Nebraska (19) and Mississippi (21). In addition, all states, except Delaware, allow minors to marry in certain circumstances, such as parental consent, judicial consent, pregnancy, or a combination of these situations. Most states allow parties aged 16 and 17 to marry with parental consent alone. In most states, children under 16 can be married too. In the 29 states [1] which have an absolute minimum age set by statute, this age varies between 13 and 18, while in 21 states there is no statutory minimum age if other legal conditions are met. Although in such states there is no set minimum age by statute, the traditional common law minimum age is 14 for boys and 12 for girls - ages which have been confirmed by case law in some states.[2] Over the past 15 years, more than 200,000 minors married in US, and in Tennessee girls as young as 10 were married in 2001.[3]

text:
State
Minimum age
Notes

Statutory age when all exceptions are taken into account[2]
General age

 Alabama[4]
16
18

 Alaska[5]
14
18

 Arizona[6][7]
16
18
Since 2018, the minimum age with approval of a superior court judge and parental consent is 16.[6][7]

 Arkansas[5]
none
18

 California[8]
none
18
No minimum age with approval of a superior court judge and parental consent.

 Colorado[5][9][10]
none
18
No minimum age with judicial approval and parental consent.

 Connecticut[11]
16
18
Since 2017, the minimum age is 16 with parental and judicial consent.[11]

 Delaware[5]
18
18
Since May 2018, the Delaware child marriage ban bill was signed into law and went into effect immediately to implement a clear minimum age of 18 with no exceptions.[12][13][14]

 District of Columbia[5]
16
18

 Florida
17
18
From July 1, 2018 17-year-olds need both parental and judicial approval and may not marry anyone more than 2 years older.[15][16]

 Georgia[5]
16
18

 Hawaii[5]
15
18
15 with parental or judicial consent.

 Idaho[5]
none
18

 Illinois[5]
16
18

 Indiana[17]
15
18
15 in the case of pregnancy with both parental and judicial consent.

 Iowa[5]
16
18

 Kansas[5]
15
18

 Kentucky[18]
17
18
Since 2018, 17-year-olds need judicial approval.[19]

 Louisiana[5]
none
18

 Maine[5]
none
18

 Maryland[5]
15
18

 Massachusetts[5]
none[20]
18
Consent can be just judicial, but is normally both parental and judicial. In the absence of any statutory minimum age, one opinion is that the traditional minimum common law marriageable age of 12 for girls and 14 for boys may still be in effect.[21][22]

 Michigan[citation needed][23]
none
18
16 with parental consent

 Minnesota[5]
16
18

 Mississippi
none
21
females 15–21 and males 17–21 can marry with parental consent alone[24]

 Missouri[5]
none
18
Parental consent required for ages 15–17. Judicial consent required below age 15. Missouri is considered to have the least restrictions on child marriage within the United States. In May 2018, a bill is pending on the Governor of Missouri desk to implement an absolute minimum age of 16 and to ban people over 21 years old marrying people under the age of 18.[25][26]

 Montana[5]
16
18

 Nebraska[5]
17
19

 Nevada[5]
none
18

 New Hampshire[27]
13 for heterosexual females, 14 for heterosexual males
18
In May 2018, a bill is pending on the Governor of New Hampshire desk to implement immediately a clear minimum age of 16 with no exceptions. Also this bill allows same-sex couples to get married at 16, currently you have to be 18. Originally the bill had a minimum age of 18, but was watered-down due to other concerns within conference committee.[28][29]

 New Jersey[citation needed]
none
18
16 with parental consent and in case of pregnancy.

 New Mexico[5]
none
18

 New York[30]
17
18
Since 2017, the minimum age is 17 with parental and judicial consent.

 North Carolina
14
18

  North Dakota[5]
16
18
16 with parental consent [31].

 Ohio[32]
none
18
18 for males regardless of parental consent. 16 for females with parental consent, 18 for females without parental consent.[32]

 Oklahoma[5]
none
18

 Oregon[5]
17
18
Consenting parent or guardian must accompany the applicant when applying for the marriage license.

 Pennsylvania[citation needed]
none
18
Under 16 years of age if a Judge of the Orphans Court "decides that it is to the best interest of the applicant and authorizes the issuance of the license."[33]

 Rhode Island[5]
none
18

 South Carolina[5]
16
18

 South Dakota[5]
16
18

 Tennessee[5]
none
18

 Texas[34]
16
18
Since 2017, the minimum age is 18, however emancipated minors aged 16–17 have an exemption to legally marry.[35][36][37]

 Utah[38]
15
18
15 with court approval and parental consent.

 Vermont[5]
16
18

 Virginia
16
18
In 2016, VA made 18 the minimum age; and 16 with court approval in special cases[39][40]

 Washington[5]
none
18
May be waived by superior court judge.[41]

 West Virginia[5]
none
18
No minimum with both parental and judicial consent

 Wisconsin[5]
16
18

 Wyoming[5]
none
18


document_title: Bye, Felicia

question_text: where did the saying goodbye felicia come from

text: Bye, Felicia

text: The phrase "Bye, Felicia" (actually spelled "Felisha" in the cast listing) came from a scene in the American stoner buddy crime comedy film Friday (1995). According to Ice Cube, who starred in the film and co-wrote its script, "Bye, Felicia" is "the phrase 'to get anyone out of your face'," and, as it was used in the Friday scene, is generally intended as a dismissive kiss-off.[1]

text: Popular culture[edit]

text: The saying gained popularity and continues to be used, even by people who have never seen the film. In 2009, it entered the lexicon of RuPaul's Drag Race, an American reality competition television series. However, People said "even that wouldn't necessarily account for the phrase extending beyond the cultures that would watch either Friday, Drag Race or both. (Seriously, just look how often people use it on Twitter.)"[1] Furthermore, the magazine said of the phrase, "So when your square friend uses it, take a little bit of pleasure in knowing they're referencing a stoner comedy – or a drag reality show referencing a stoner comedy – even if they have no idea."[1]

text: In 2014, VH1 began airing a television show called Bye Felicia, and American R&B-pop singer Jordin Sparks released a mixtape titled #ByeFelicia.[1][2] According to Google Trends, the phrase reached its highest usage in mid-2015.[1]

text: On December 14, 2017, Robin Roberts, a host of ABC TV’s Good Morning America, used the phrase to conclude a segment about Omarosa Manigault Newman's departure from the Trump administration staff.[3]


document_title: Music recording certification

question_text: how much does a song need to go platinum

text: Music recording certification

text: History[edit]

text: The original gold and silver record awards were presented to artists by their own record companies to publicize their sales achievements. The first silver disc was awarded by Regal Zonophone to George Formby in December 1937 for sales of 100,000 copies of "The Window Cleaner".[1][2] The first gold disc was awarded by RCA Victor (under division imprint Bluebird Records) to Glenn Miller and His Orchestra in February 1942, celebrating the sale of 1.2 million copies of single "Chattanooga Choo Choo". Another example of a company award is the gold record awarded to Elvis Presley in 1956 for one million units sold of his single "Don't Be Cruel". The first gold record for an LP was awarded by RCA Victor to Harry Belafonte in 1957 for the album Calypso (1956), the first album to sell over 1,000,000 copies in RCA's reckoning.

text: At the industry level, in 1958 the Recording Industry Association of America introduced its gold record award program for records of any kind, albums or singles, which achieved one million dollars in retail sales. These sales were restricted to U.S.-based record companies and did not include exports to other countries.[3][4] For albums in 1968, this would mean shipping approximately 250,000 units; for singles the number would be higher due to their lower retail price.[4] The platinum certification was introduced in 1976 for the sale of one million units, album or single, with the gold certification redefined to mean sales of 500,000 units, album or single. No album was certified platinum prior to this year. For instance, the recording by Van Cliburn of the Tchaikovsky Piano Concerto from 1958 would eventually be awarded a platinum citation, but this would not happen until two decades after its release. In 1999, the diamond certification was introduced for sales of ten million units.

text: RIAA certification[edit]

text: The first official designation of a "gold record" by the Recording Industry Association of America (RIAA) was established for singles in 1958, and the RIAA also trademarked the term "gold record" in the United States. On 14 March 1958, the RIAA certified its first gold record, Perry Como's hit single "Catch a Falling Star". The Oklahoma! soundtrack was certified as the first gold album four months later. In 1976, RIAA introduced the platinum certification, first awarded to the Eagles compilation album Their Greatest Hits (1971–1975) on 24 February 1976,[5] and to Johnnie Taylor's single "Disco Lady" on 22 April 1976.[6][7] As music sales increased with the introduction of compact discs, the RIAA created the Multi-Platinum award in 1984. Diamond awards, honoring those artists whose sales of singles or albums reached 10,000,000 copies, were introduced in 1999.[8]

text: In the 20th century, and for a part of the first decade of the 21st, it was common for distributors to claim certifications based on their shipments – wholesale to retail outlets – which led to many certifications which outstripped the actual final retail sales figures. This became much less common once the majority of retail sales became paid digital downloads and digital streaming.[9]

text: Digital media certification[edit]

text: In most countries certifications no longer apply solely to physical media but now also include sales awards recognizing digital downloads (in the U.S. and U.K. since 2004).[10] In June 2006, the RIAA also certified the ringtone downloads of songs. Streaming from on-demand services such as Apple Music, Spotify, Tidal and Napster has been included into existing digital certification in the U.S since 2013 and the U.K. and Germany since 2014. In the U.S. and Germany video streaming services like YouTube, VEVO, and Yahoo! Music also began to be counted towards the certification, in both cases using the formula of 100 streams being equivalent to one download.[11][12][13] Other countries, such as Denmark and Spain, maintain separate awards for digital download singles and streaming.[14][15]

text: IFPI certification[edit]

text: The International Federation of the Phonographic Industry (IFPI) was founded in 1996, and grants the IFPI Platinum Europe Award for album sales over one million within Europe and (as of October 2009) the Middle East. Multi-platinum Europe Awards are presented for sales in subsequent multiples of one million. Eligibility is unaffected by time (from date of release), and is not restricted to European-based artists.

text: IMPALA certification[edit]

text: The Independent Music Companies Association (IMPALA) was founded in 2000 to grow the independent music sector and promote independent music in the interests of artistic, entrepreneurial and cultural diversity. IMPALA sales awards were launched in 2005 as the first sales awards recognising that success on a pan-European basis begins well before sales reach one million. The award levels are Silver (20,000+), Double Silver (40,000+), Gold (75,000+), Double Gold (150,000+), Diamond (200,000+), Platinum (400,000+) and Double Platinum (800,000+).

text: Certification thresholds[edit]

text: Below are certification thresholds for the United States and United Kingdom. The numbers in the tables are in terms of "units", where a unit represents one sale or one shipment of a given medium. Certification is often awarded cumulatively, and it is possible for a single album to be certified silver, gold, and platinum in turn. An album that becomes Platinum twice over, for example, an album which has sold 2,000,000 copies in the United States, is said to be "Double-Platinum", or sometimes "Multi-Platinum". Since 2013 in the U.S.,[12] and 2014 in the U.K.[16] and Germany,[17] streaming of songs counts towards certification of singles with 150 streams being the equivalent of 1 unit sold.[16][18] Since February 2016, RIAA includes on-demand audio and video streams and a track sale equivalent in Gold and Platinum Album Award. The program will count both sales and streams for single and album certifications.[19]

text:
United States[20][21]

Media
Gold
Platinum
Diamond

Album
500,000
1,000,000
10,000,000

Single
500,000
1,000,000
10,000,000

Music video
50,000
100,000
N/A

United Kingdom[22]

Media
Silver
Gold
Platinum

Album
60,000
100,000
300,000

Single
200,000
400,000
600,000

Music video
N/A
25,000
50,000

text:
Canada[23]

Media
Gold
Platinum
Diamond

Album
40,000
80,000
800,000

Single
5,000
10,000
100,000

Music video
5,000
10,000
100,000

France[24]

Media
Gold
Platinum
Diamond

Album
50,000
100,000
500,000

Single
75,000
150,000
250,000

Music video
7,500
15,000
60,000

text: Manufacture of awards[edit]

text: The plaques themselves contain various items under the glass. Modern awards often use CDs instead of records. Most gold and platinum records are actually vinyl records which have been vacuum metallized and tinted, while trimmed and plated metal "masters", "mothers", or "stampers" (metal parts used for pressing records out of vinyl) were initially used. The groove on the record may not match the actual recording being awarded.[25] Individual plaque-makers produced their awards according to available materials and techniques employed by their graphic arts departments. The plaques, depending on size and elaborateness of design, cost anywhere between US$135 and $275, most often ordered and purchased by the record label that issued the original recording.


document_title: Ghost (soundtrack)

question_text: what was the theme song in the movie ghost

text: Ghost (soundtrack)

text:
Ghost

Soundtrack album by various artists

Length
55:33

Label
Milan

text:
Professional ratings

Review scores

Source
Rating

Allmusic
[1]

Filmtracks
 [2]

text: Ghost is the official soundtrack, on the Milan Records label, of the 1990 Academy Award- and Golden Globe-winning film Ghost starring Patrick Swayze, Demi Moore and Whoopi Goldberg (who won the Academy Award for Best Supporting Actress for her role as "Oda Mae Brown" in this film) and Tony Goldwyn. The score was composed by Maurice Jarre.

text: The album was nominated for the Academy Award for Best Original Score.

text: Track listing[edit]

text:
The Righteous Brothers - "Unchained Melody" - 3:37
"Ghost" - 7:24
"Sam" - 5:33
"Ditto" - 3:19
"Carl" - 4:06
"Molly" - 6:17
"Unchained Melody" (Orchestral Version) - 3:59
"End Credits" - 4:17
"Fire Escape" (bonus) - 3:12
"Oda Mae & Carl" (bonus) - 3:58
"Maurice Jarre Interview" (bonus) - 9:51

tag: ol


document_title: France at the FIFA World Cup

question_text: when was the last time france was in the finals

text: France at the FIFA World Cup

text: FIFA World Cup record[edit]

text:
FIFA World Cup finals record

Qualifications record

Year

Round

Position

GP

W

D*

L

GF

GA

Squad

GP

W

D

L

GF

GA

 1930
Group stage
7th
3
1
0
2
4
3
Squad

—

 1934
Round of 16
9th
1
0
0
1
2
3
Squad

1
1
0
0
6
1
1934

 1938
Quarter-finals
6th
2
1
0
1
4
4
Squad

Qualified as hosts
1938

 1950
Originally did not qualify, then invited, later withdrew

3
0
2
1
4
5
1950

 1954
Group stage
11th
2
1
0
1
3
3
Squad

4
4
0
0
20
4
1954

 1958
Third place
3rd
6
4
0
2
23
15
Squad

4
3
1
0
19
4
1958

 1962
Did not qualify

5
3
0
2
10
4
1962

 1966
Group stage
13th
3
0
1
2
2
5
Squad

6
5
0
1
9
2
1966

 1970
Did not qualify

4
2
0
2
6
4
1970

 1974

4
1
1
2
3
5
1974

 1978
Group stage
12th
3
1
0
2
5
5
Squad

4
2
1
1
7
4
1978

 1982
Fourth place
4th
7
3
2
2
16
12
Squad

8
5
0
3
20
8
1982

 1986
Third place
3rd
7
4
2
1
12
6
Squad

8
5
1
2
15
4
1986

 1990
Did not qualify

8
3
3
2
10
7
1990

 1994

10
6
1
3
17
10
1994

 1998
Champions
1st
7
6
1
0
15
2
Squad

Qualified as hosts
1998

  2002
Group stage
28th
3
0
1
2
0
3
Squad

Qualified as defending champions
2002

 2006
Runners-up
2nd
7
4
3
0
9
3
Squad

10
5
5
0
14
2
2006

 2010
Group stage
29th
3
0
1
2
1
4
Squad

12
7
4
1
20
10
2010

 2014
Quarter-finals
7th
5
3
1
1
10
3
Squad

10
6
2
2
18
8
2014

 2018
Champions
1st
7
6
1
0
14
6
Squad

10
7
2
1
18
6
2018

 2022
To be determined

To be determined
2022

Total
15/21
2 Titles
65
33
13*
19
120
77
N/A
111
65
23
23
216
88
Total

text: By match[edit]

text:
Year as

Round

Against

Score

Scorers

 1930
Group 1
 Mexico
4–1
Laurent, Langiller, Maschinot (2)

Group 1
 Argentina
0–1

Group 1
 Chile
0–1

 1934
Round 1
 Austria
2–3 (a.e.t.)
Nicolas, Verriest

 1938
Round 1
 Belgium
3–1
Veinante, Nicolas (2)

Quarter-Final
 Italy
1–3
Heisserer

 1954
Group 1
 Yugoslavia
0–1

Group 1
 Mexico
3–2
Vincent, Cardenas, Kopa

 1958
Group 2
 Paraguay
7–3
Fontaine (3), Piantoni, Wisnieski, Kopa, Vincent

Group 2
 Yugoslavia
2–3
Fontaine (2)

Group 2
 Scotland
2–1
Kopa, Fontaine

Quarter-Final
 Northern Ireland
4–0
Wisnieski, Fontaine (2), Piantoni

Semi-Final
 Brazil
2–5
Fontaine, Piantoni

Third Place Match
 West Germany
6–3
Fontaine (4), Kopa, Douis

 1966
Group 1
 Mexico
1–1
Hausser

Group 1
 Uruguay
1–2
De Bourgoing

Group 1
 England
0–2

 1978
Group 1
 Italy
1–2
Lacombe

Group 1
 Argentina
1–2
Platini

Group 1
 Hungary
3–1
Lopez, Berdoll, Rocheteau

 1982
Group 4
 England
1–3
Soler

Group 4
 Kuwait
4–1
Genghini, Platini, Six, Bossis

Group 4
 Czechoslovakia
1–1
Six

Group D Round 2
 Austria
1–0
Genghini

Group D Round 2
 Northern Ireland
4–1
Giresse (2), Rocheteau (2)

Semi-Final
 West Germany
3–3 (a.e.t.), 4–5 (p.)
Platini, Tresor, Giresse

Third Place Match
 Poland
2–3
Girard, Couriol

 1986
Group C
 Canada
1–0
Papin

Group C
 Soviet Union
1–1
Fernández

Group C
 Hungary
3–0
Stopyra, Tigana, Rocheteau

Round of 16
 Italy
2–0
Platini, Stopyra

Quarter-Final
 Brazil
1–1 (a.e.t.), 4–3 (p.)
Platini

Semi-Final
 West Germany
0–2

Third Place Match
 Belgium
4–2 (a.e.t.)
Ferreri, Papin, Genghini, Amoros

 1998
Group C
 South Africa
3–0
Dugarry, Issa (o.g.), Henry

Group C
 Saudi Arabia
4–0
Henry (2), Trezeguet, Lizarazu

Group C
 Denmark
2–1
Djorkaeff, Petit

Round of 16
 Paraguay
1–0 (a.e.t.)
Blanc

Quarter-Final
 Italy
0–0 (a.e.t.), 4–3 (p.)

Semi-Final
 Croatia
2–1
Thuram (2)

Final
 Brazil
3–0
Zidane (2), Petit

 2002
Group A
 Senegal
0–1

Group A
 Uruguay
0–0

Group A
 Denmark
0–2

 2006
Group G
  Switzerland
0–0

Group G
 South Korea
1–1
Henry

Group G
 Togo
2–0
Vieira, Henry

Round of 16
 Spain
3–1
Ribéry, Vieira, Zidane

Quarter-Final
 Brazil
1–0
Henry

Semi-Final
 Portugal
1–0
Zidane

Final
 Italy
1–1 (a.e.t.), 3–5 (p.)
Zidane

 2010
Group A
 Uruguay
0–0

Group A
 Mexico
0–2

Group A
 South Africa
1–2
Malouda

 2014
Group E
 Honduras
3–0
Benzema (2), Valladares (o.g.)

Group E
  Switzerland
5–2
Giroud, Matuidi, Valbuena, Benzema, Sissoko

Group E
 Ecuador
0–0

Round of 16
 Nigeria
2–0
Pogba, Yobo (o.g.)

Quarter-Final
 Germany
0–1

 2018
Group C
 Australia
2–1
Griezmann, Behich (o.g.)

Group C
 Peru
1–0
Mbappé

Group C
 Denmark
0–0

Round of 16
 Argentina
4–3
Griezmann, Pavard, Mbappé (2)

Quarter-Final
 Uruguay
2–0
Varane, Griezmann

Semi-Final
 Belgium
1–0
Umtiti

Final
 Croatia
4–2
Mandžukić (o.g.), Griezmann, Pogba, Mbappé

text: France at the 1998 FIFA World Cup[edit]

text: Head coach: Aimé Jacquet

text:
No.

Pos.

Player

Date of birth (age)

Caps

Club

1

1GK

Bernard Lama

 (1963-04-07)7 April 1963 (aged 35)

37

 Paris Saint Germain

2

2DF

Vincent Candela

 (1973-10-24)24 October 1973 (aged 24)

10

 Roma

3

2DF

Bixente Lizarazu

 (1969-12-09)9 December 1969 (aged 28)

32

 Bayern Munich

4

3MF

Patrick Vieira

 (1976-06-23)23 June 1976 (aged 21)

7

 Arsenal

5

2DF

Laurent Blanc

 (1965-11-19)19 November 1965 (aged 32)

68

 Marseille

6

4FW

Youri Djorkaeff

 (1968-03-09)9 March 1968 (aged 30)

37

 Internazionale

7

3MF

Didier Deschamps (c)

 (1968-10-15)15 October 1968 (aged 29)

69

 Juventus

8

2DF

Marcel Desailly

 (1968-09-07)7 September 1968 (aged 29)

41

 Milan

9

4FW

Stéphane Guivarc'h

 (1970-09-06)6 September 1970 (aged 27)

6

 Auxerre

10

3MF

Zinedine Zidane

 (1972-06-23)23 June 1972 (aged 25)

33

 Juventus

11

3MF

Robert Pirès

 (1973-10-29)29 October 1973 (aged 24)

13

 Metz

12

4FW

Thierry Henry

 (1977-08-17)17 August 1977 (aged 20)

3

 Monaco

13

3MF

Bernard Diomède

 (1974-01-23)23 January 1974 (aged 24)

6

 Auxerre

14

3MF

Alain Boghossian

 (1970-10-27)27 October 1970 (aged 27)

6

 Sampdoria

15

2DF

Lilian Thuram

 (1972-01-01)1 January 1972 (aged 26)

32

 Parma

16

1GK

Fabien Barthez

 (1971-06-28)28 June 1971 (aged 26)

12

 Monaco

17

3MF

Emmanuel Petit

 (1970-09-22)22 September 1970 (aged 27)

17

 Arsenal

18

2DF

Frank Lebœuf

 (1968-01-22)22 January 1968 (aged 30)

13

 Chelsea

19

3MF

Christian Karembeu

 (1970-12-03)3 December 1970 (aged 27)

31

 Real Madrid

20

4FW

David Trezeguet

 (1977-10-15)15 October 1977 (aged 20)

4

 Monaco

21

4FW

Christophe Dugarry

 (1972-03-24)24 March 1972 (aged 26)

23

 Marseille

22

1GK

Lionel Charbonnier

 (1966-10-25)25 October 1966 (aged 31)

1

 Auxerre

text: France vs South Africa[edit]

text:
France

3–0

 South Africa

Dugarry  36'Issa  77' (o.g.)Henry  90+2'

Report

text:
GK
16
Fabien Barthez

RB
15
Lilian Thuram

CB
8
Marcel Desailly

CB
5
Laurent Blanc

LB
3
Bixente Lizarazu

CM
7
Didier Deschamps (c)
 53'

CM
17
Emmanuel Petit
 28'
 73'

RW
6
Youri Djorkaeff

 84'

AM
10
Zinedine Zidane
 75'

LW
12
Thierry Henry

CF
9
Stéphane Guivarc'h

 26'

Substitutions:

FW
21
Christophe Dugarry

 26'

MF
14
Alain Boghossian

 73'

FW
20
David Trezeguet

 84'

Manager:

Aimé Jacquet

GK
1
Hans Vonk

DF
3
David Nyathi

DF
4
Willem Jackson
 39'

DF
5
Mark Fish

DF
19
Lucas Radebe (c)

DF
21
Pierre Issa

MF
7
Quinton Fortune

MF
10
John Moshoeu

FW
6
Phil Masinga

FW
12
Brendan Augustine

 56'

FW
17
Benni McCarthy

 89'

Substitutions:

MF
11
Helman Mkhalele

 56'

FW
9
Shaun Bartlett

 89'

Manager:

Philippe Troussier

text:
Assistant referees:
Arnaldo Pinto (Brazil)
Merere Gonzales (Trinidad and Tobago)
Fourth official:
Mario Sánchez Yanten (Chile)

text: France vs Saudi Arabia[edit]

text:
France

4–0

 Saudi Arabia

Henry  37', 78'Trezeguet  68'Lizarazu  85'

Report

text:
GK
16
Fabien Barthez

DF
3
Bixente Lizarazu
 50'

DF
5
Laurent Blanc
 36'

DF
8
Marcel Desailly

DF
15
Lilian Thuram

MF
7
Didier Deschamps (c)

MF
10
Zinedine Zidane
 71'

MF
13
Bernard Diomède

 58'

MF
14
Alain Boghossian

FW
12
Thierry Henry

 79'

FW
21
Christophe Dugarry

 30'

Substitutions:

FW
20
David Trezeguet

 30'

MF
6
Youri Djorkaeff

 58'

MF
11
Robert Pirès

 79'

Manager:

Aimé Jacquet

GK
1
Mohamed Al-Deayea

DF
2
Mohammed Al-Jahani
 7'
 76'

DF
3
Mohammed Al-Khilaiwi
 19'

DF
4
Abdullah Zubromawi

DF
13
Hussein Sulaimani

MF
6
Fuad Amin (c)

MF
7
Ibrahim Al-Shahrani

MF
16
Khamis Al-Owairan

MF
20
Hamzah Saleh

FW
9
Sami Al-Jaber
 82'

FW
10
Saeed Al-Owairan

 33'

Substitutions:

MF
12
Ibrahim Al-Harbi

 33'
 65'

MF
14
Khalid Al-Muwallid

 65'

DF
17
Ahmed Dokhi

 76'

Manager:

Carlos Alberto Parreira

text:
Assistant referees:
Reynaldo Salinas (Honduras)
Luis Torres Zúñiga (Costa Rica)
Fourth official:
Alberto Tejada Noriega (Peru)

text: France vs Denmark[edit]

text:
France

2–1

 Denmark

Djorkaeff  12' (pen.)Petit  56'

Report

M. Laudrup  42' (pen.)

text:
GK
16
Fabien Barthez

DF
2
Vincent Candela

DF
8
Marcel Desailly (c)

DF
18
Franck Leboeuf

MF
4
Patrick Vieira
 62'

MF
6
Youri Djorkaeff

MF
11
Robert Pirès

 71'

MF
13
Bernard Diomède
 53'

MF
17
Emmanuel Petit

 64'

MF
19
Christian Karembeu

FW
20
David Trezeguet

 85'

Substitutions:

MF
14
Alain Boghossian

 64'

FW
12
Thierry Henry

 71'

FW
9
Stéphane Guivarc'h

 85'

Manager:

Aimé Jacquet

GK
1
Peter Schmeichel

DF
2
Michael Schjønberg

DF
3
Marc Rieper

DF
4
Jes Høgh

DF
5
Jan Heintze

DF
6
Thomas Helveg

DF
13
Jacob Laursen

 46'

MF
7
Allan Nielsen

MF
10
Michael Laudrup (c)

MF
21
Martin Jørgensen

 54'

FW
11
Brian Laudrup

 75'

Substitutions:

DF
12
Søren Colding
 65'
 46'

FW
19
Ebbe Sand

 54'

MF
15
Stig Tøfting
 78'
 75'

Manager:

Bo Johansson

text:
Assistant referees:
Nimal Wickeramatunge (Sri Lanka)
Emanuel Zammit (Malta)
Fourth official:
Vítor Melo Pereira (Portugal)

text: Round of 16 France vs Paraguay[edit]

text:
France

1–0 (a.e.t.)

 Paraguay

Blanc  113'

Report

text:
GK
16
Fabien Barthez

RB
15
Lilian Thuram

CB
5
Laurent Blanc

CB
8
Marcel Desailly

LB
3
Bixente Lizarazu

CM
7
Didier Deschamps (c)

CM
17
Emmanuel Petit

 69'

RW
13
Bernard Diomède

 76'

LW
6
Youri Djorkaeff

CF
20
David Trezeguet

CF
12
Thierry Henry

 64'

Substitutes:

MF
11
Robert Pirès

 64'

MF
14
Alain Boghossian

 69'

FW
9
Stéphane Guivarc'h

 76'

Manager:

Aimé Jacquet

GK
1
José Luis Chilavert (c)
 19'

RB
2
Francisco Arce
 84'

CB
4
Carlos Gamarra

CB
5
Celso Ayala

LB
11
Pedro Sarabia

CM
10
Roberto Acuña

CM
16
Julio César Enciso
 32'

CM
13
Carlos Humberto Paredes

 74'

AM
21
Jorge Luis Campos

 55'

AM
15
Miguel Ángel Benítez
 23'

CF
9
José Cardozo

 91'

Substitutes:

MF
7
Julio César Yegros

 55'

DF
20
Denis Caniza

 74'

MF
8
Aristides Rojas

 91'

Manager:

Paulo César Carpegiani

text:
Assistant referees:
Nimal Wickeramatunge (Sri Lanka)
Lencie Fred (Vanuatu)
Fourth official:
Esse Baharmast (United States)

text: Quarter-Final Italy vs France[edit]

text:
Italy

0–0 (a.e.t.)

 France

Report

Penalties

R. Baggio Albertini Costacurta Vieri Di Biagio

3 – 4

 Zidane Lizarazu Trezeguet Henry Blanc

text:
GK
12
Gianluca Pagliuca

RB
2
Giuseppe Bergomi
 28'

CB
4
Fabio Cannavaro

CB
5
Alessandro Costacurta
 113'

LB
3
Paolo Maldini (c)

CM
11
Dino Baggio

 52'

CM
14
Luigi Di Biagio

RW
17
Francesco Moriero

LW
7
Gianluca Pessotto

 90'

SS
10
Alessandro Del Piero
 26'
 67'

CF
21
Christian Vieri

Substitutes:

MF
9
Demetrio Albertini

 52'

FW
18
Roberto Baggio

 67'

MF
15
Angelo Di Livio

 90'

Manager:

Cesare Maldini

GK
16
Fabien Barthez

RB
15
Lilian Thuram

CB
5
Laurent Blanc

CB
8
Marcel Desailly

LB
3
Bixente Lizarazu

DM
7
Didier Deschamps (c)
 62'

RM
19
Christian Karembeu

 65'

LM
17
Emanuel Petit

AM
10
Zinedine Zidane

SS
6
Youri Djorkaeff

CF
9
Stéphane Guivarc'h
 53'
 65'

Substitutes:

FW
12
Thierry Henry

 65'

FW
20
David Trezeguet

 65'

Manager:

Aimé Jacquet

text:
Assistant referees:
 Mark Warren (England)
 Nicolae Grigorescu (Romania)
Fourth official:
Said Belqola (Morocco)

text: Semi-Final France vs Croatia[edit]

text:
France

2–1

 Croatia

Thuram  47', 69'

Report

Šuker  46'

text:
GK
16
Fabien Barthez

RB
15
Lilian Thuram

CB
5
Laurent Blanc
 76'

CB
8
Marcel Desailly

LB
3
Bixente Lizarazu

DM
7
Didier Deschamps (c)

RM
19
Christian Karembeu

 31'

LM
17
Emmanuel Petit

AM
10
Zinedine Zidane

SS
6
Youri Djorkaeff

 77'

CF
9
Stéphane Guivarc'h

 68'

Substitutes:

FW
12
Thierry Henry

 31'

FW
20
David Trezeguet

 68'

DF
18
Frank Leboeuf

 77'

Manager:

Aimé Jacquet

GK
1
Dražen Ladić

RB
20
Dario Šimić
 88'

CB
6
Slaven Bilić

CB
4
Igor Štimac

LB
17
Robert Jarni

DM
14
Zvonimir Soldo

RM
7
Aljoša Asanović
 45'

LM
13
Mario Stanić
 75'
 89'

AM
10
Zvonimir Boban (c)

 66'

SS
19
Goran Vlaović

CF
9
Davor Šuker

Substitutes:

FW
11
Silvio Marić

 66'

MF
8
Robert Prosinečki

 89'

Manager:

Miroslav Blažević

text:
Assistant referees:
 Fernando Tresaco Gracia (Spain)
 Jorge Díaz Gálvez (Chile)
Fourth official:
Epifanio González Chávez (Paraguay)

text: Final[edit]

text: The 1998 final was held on 12 July at the Stade de France, Saint-Denis. France defeated holders Brazil 3–0, with two goals from Zinedine Zidane and a stoppage time strike from Emmanuel Petit. The win gave France their first World Cup title, becoming the sixth national team after Uruguay, Italy, England, West Germany and Argentina to win the tournament on their home soil. They also inflicted the heaviest defeat on Brazil since 1930.[7]

text:
The pre-match build up was dominated by the omission of Brazilian striker Ronaldo from the starting lineup only to be reinstated 45 minutes before kick-off.[8] He managed to create the first open chance for Brazil in the 22nd minute, dribbling past defender Thuram before sending a cross out on the left side that goalkeeper Fabien Barthez struggled to hold onto. France however took the lead in the 27th minute after Brazilian defender Roberto Carlos conceded a corner which Zidane scored with a header from the right.[9]
Three minutes before half-time, Zidane scored his second goal of the match, similarly another header from a corner, this time from the left side. The tournament hosts went down to ten men in the 68th minute as Marcel Desailly was sent off for a second bookable offence. Brazil reacted to this by making an attacking substitution and although they applied pressure France sealed the win with a third goal: substitute Patrick Vieira set up his club teammate Petit in a counterattack to shoot low past goalkeeper Cláudio Taffarel.[10]

text: French president Jacques Chirac was in attendance to congratulate and commiserate the winners and runners-up respectively after the match.[11] Several days after the victory, winning manager Aimé Jacquet announced his resignation from the French team with immediate effect.[12][13][14]

text:
Brazil

0–3

 France

Report

Zidane  27', 45+1'Petit  90+3'

text:
Brazil

France

text:
GK
1
Claudio Taffarel

RB
2
Cafu

CB
3
Aldair

CB
4
Júnior Baiano
 33'

LB
6
Roberto Carlos

CM
5
César Sampaio

 73'

CM
8
Dunga (c)

AM
10
Rivaldo

AM
18
Leonardo

 46'

CF
20
Bebeto

CF
9
Ronaldo

Substitutes:

MF
19
Denílson

 46'

FW
21
Edmundo

 73'

Manager:

Mário Zagallo

GK
16
Fabien Barthez

RB
15
Lilian Thuram

CB
8
Marcel Desailly
 48', 68'

CB
18
Frank Leboeuf

LB
3
Bixente Lizarazu

DM
7
Didier Deschamps (c)
 39'

CM
17
Emmanuel Petit

CM
19
Christian Karembeu
 56'
 57'

AM
10
Zinedine Zidane

AM
6
Youri Djorkaeff

 74'

CF
9
Stéphane Guivarc'h

 66'

Substitutes:

MF
14
Alain Boghossian

 57'

FW
21
Christophe Dugarry

 66'

MF
4
Patrick Vieira

 74'

Manager:

Aimé Jacquet

text:
Man of the match
 Zinedine Zidane (France)
Officials
Linesmen:
Mark Warren (England)
Achmat Salie (South Africa)
Fourth official: Rahman Al Zaid (Saudi Arabia)

Match rules
90 minutes
30 minutes of extra-time if necessary
Penalty shoot-out if scores still level
Three substitutions permitted

text: Record players[edit]

text: Goalkeeper Fabien Barthez also shares the FIFA World Cup record for most matches without conceding a goal, which he achieved ten times. The only other player to have reached that number is England's Peter Shilton.

text:
No.

Name

Matches

World Cups

1

Fabien Barthez
17
1998, 2002 and 2006

Thierry Henry
17
1998, 2002, 2006 and 2010

3
Lilian Thuram
16
1998, 2002 and 2006

4
Maxime Bossis
15
1978, 1982 and 1986

5

Michel Platini
14
1978, 1982 and 1986

Hugo Lloris
14
2010, 2014 and 2018

7

Manuel Amoros
12
1982 and 1986

Alain Giresse
12
1982 and 1986

Jean Tigana
12
1982 and 1986

David Trezeguet
12
1998, 2002 and 2006

Patrick Vieira
12
1998, 2002 and 2006

Zinedine Zidane
12
1998, 2002 and 2006

Olivier Giroud
12
2014 and 2018

Antoine Griezmann
12
2014 and 2018

Raphaël Varane
12
2014 and 2018

text: Top goalscorers[edit]

text: Just Fontaine scored all his 13 World Cup goals in 1958, where France reached third place. This makes him record holder for most goals scored in a single FIFA World Cup. At the time, it also made him the most successful World Cup scorer of all time until the record was broken by West Germany's Gerd Müller in the World Cup final of 1974.

text:
No.

Name

Goals

World Cups

1
Just Fontaine
13
1958

2
Thierry Henry
6
1998 (3) and 2006 (3)

3

Michel Platini
5
1978 (1), 1982 (2) and 1986 (2)

Zinedine Zidane
5
1998 (2) and 2006 (3)

5

Raymond Kopa
4
1958

Dominique Rocheteau
4
1978 (1), 1982 (2) and 1986 (1)

Antoine Griezmann
4
2018

Kylian Mbappé
4
2018

9

Jean Nicolas
3
1934 (1) and 1938 (2)

Roger Piantoni
3
1958

Alain Giresse
3
1982

Karim Benzema
3
2014


document_title: The Boy (2016 film)

question_text: who plays the older brahms in the boy

question_tokens: who plays the older brahms in the boy

text: The Boy (2016 film)

text: Plot[edit]

text: Greta Evans, a young woman from Montana, is hired as a nanny by the Heelshire family. Upon arriving at the Heelshire residence in the United Kingdom, Greta meets Malcolm, the grocery man, and Mr. and Mrs. Heelshire. The elderly couple show Greta a porcelain doll who they call Brahms and treat like their son. Over the next day, the couple coach Greta on taking care of Brahms and the house, leave her a list of rules to follow, then leave for a holiday.

text: Initially, Greta follows a relatively normal routine, ignoring the rules. She regularly calls her sister Sandy, who tells her that her abusive ex-husband Cole has been trying to find out where she is.

text: Malcolm stops by to deliver groceries, and Greta finds out that the real Brahms was killed in a fire 20 years ago, on his 8th birthday. Greta accepts Malcolm's offer to show her the town (again, ignoring the rules), and prepares for the date. However, she is lured to the attic by strange noises and locked up.

text: She is mysteriously let out the next morning, and she later explains to Malcolm what happened, and the two briefly discuss the real Brahms. Strange things begin to happen—a child's sobs are heard in the hallways, phone calls are cut off, and the doll seems to move on its own, vanishing and reappearing elsewhere in the house. After receiving a phone call in which a child's voice urges her to follow the rules, Greta locks herself in her room. She later finds a plate with a peanut butter and jelly sandwich (which she usually makes for herself) outside her door. Elsewhere, the Heelshires write a goodbye letter to Brahms, then commit suicide by drowning.

text: Believing that Brahms' spirit lives in the doll, Greta begins to take the rules seriously. After Greta demonstrates the doll's ability to move by itself, Malcolm becomes worried. He informs Greta that the real Brahms was friends with a young girl about his age. One day, she was found in the forest with her skull crushed. Before the police could question Brahms, the Heelshires' house was burned down with him in it. Malcolm warns Greta not to stay in the house, but Greta, having previously suffered a miscarriage after being beaten by Cole, feels obligated to care for Brahms.

text: One evening, an unhinged Cole makes his way into the Heelshires' home and announces his intention to bring Greta home, by force if necessary. Malcolm, who makes an early delivery, decides to stay nearby. As she puts Brahms to sleep, Greta asks Brahms for help. Cole wakes up and sees a message written in blood urging him to leave. Believing it is done by either Greta or Malcolm, Cole angrily snatches the doll and smashes it.

text: The house begins to shake, and the lights flicker. Cole investigates a mirror in the room, when the mirror smashes open, revealing a grown man wearing a porcelain mask similar to Brahms. It is revealed that Brahms was alive all along and has been living within the house's walls.

text: Brahms stabs Cole with a shard of the broken doll, killing him. He then chases Greta and Malcolm throughout the house. They eventually escape to the attic and discover Brahms' room, with a doll on a bed wearing Greta's dress and jewelry. Finding and reading a letter that the Heelshires had left for Brahms, Greta realizes that they have been offering the nannies to him as a form of sacrifice. The pair finds an escape, but Malcolm is knocked out. Brahms threatens to kill Malcolm if Greta leaves, and she returns to save Malcolm.

text: Greta arms herself with a screwdriver, assures Brahms she will not leave, and orders him to go to bed. He asks for a good night kiss, which she begrudgingly accepts. Brahms then tries to pull Greta in and make out with her, at which point she stabs him. After a brief struggle, Brahms stops moving. Greta and Malcolm then leave the Heelshire estate. Later, a hand is shown putting the porcelain doll back together, implying that Brahms is still alive.

text: Cast[edit]

text:
Lauren Cohan[6] as Greta Evans
Rupert Evans[7] as Malcolm
Jim Norton[7] as Mr. Heelshire
Diana Hardcastle[7] as Mrs. Heelshire
Ben Robson[7] as Cole
Jett Klyne as young Brahms Heelshire

text: James Russell[7] as adult Brahms Heelshire

text: Lily Pater as Emily Cribbs

text: Production[edit]

text: On July 14, 2014, it was announced that The Devil Inside's director William Brent Bell was set to direct a supernatural thriller, The Inhabitant, which Tom Rosenberg and Gary Lucchesi would produce through Lakeshore Entertainment, along with Roy Lee, Matt Berenson, Jim Wedaa, through Vertigo Entertainment.[8] The script was written by Stacey Menear.[8] On January 23, 2015, Lauren Cohan signed on to star for the lead role in the film, which by then had been retitled The Boy.[6] On March 11, 2015, more cast was announced, which included Jim Norton, Diana Hardcastle, Ben Robson, Rupert Evans, and James Russell.[7]

text: On March 10, 2015, principal photography on The Boy officially begun in Victoria, British Columbia, at Craigdarroch Castle, announced by the studios.[9]

text: Release[edit]

text: On February 25, 2015, STX Entertainment acquired the US rights to the film and set the film for a February 5, 2016 release, but in March 2015 the film was moved up to January 22, 2016.[10][11] The film was released in the United States on January 22, 2016, alongside Dirty Grandpa and The 5th Wave, and was projected to gross $10–13 million from 2,671 theaters in its opening weekend.[12] The film made $3.9 million on its first day and $10.8 million in its opening weekend, finishing 5th at the box office.[13] The Boy grossed $35.8 million in the US and Canada and $26.6 million in other territories, for a worldwide total of $62.4 million against a budget of $10 million.[4]

text: Reception[edit]

text: This section needs expansion. You can help by adding to it. (January 2016)

text: On Rotten Tomatoes, the film has a rating of 27% based on 55 reviews and an average rating of 4.3/10.[14] Metacritic gives the film a score of 42 out of 100 based on 10 reviews, indicating "mixed or average reviews".[15] Audiences polled by CinemaScore gave the film an average grade of "B–" on an A+ to F scale.[13]

text: Joe Leydon criticized the average story line in Variety and commented, "Despite game efforts by the cast, this tepid horror opus is never scary enough to overcome its silly premise."[16] Chris Alexander of ShockTilYouDrop called it "one of the best contemporary wide-release horror movies I've seen in years."[17] A reviewer for The Wrap wrote the "Scary-Doll Horror Flick Is Creepy and Clever".[18]