document_title: List of Young Justice (TV series) characters

question_text: who is the lights partner in young justice

text: Main characters[edit]

text: "The Team"[edit]

text: Founding members[edit]

text: The initial six main characters were chosen by the producers, from a list of potential candidates of 50 to 60 DC Comics teenaged superheroes.[1] The criteria consisted of age, powers, personality, cultural icon status, and dynamics.[2] An additional regular, Zatanna, was introduced partway through the first season, and Rocket was added at the end of the first season.[1]

text:
Aqualad / Kaldur'ahm[3] (voiced by Khary Payton) – he is aqualad In Season 1, Kaldur 'Ahm (or "Kaldur" for short) was the sixteen-year-old leader of the team. His powers, channeled through the tattoos on his arms, are a mixture of Atlantean sorcery and science.[citation needed] He displays super strength, durability, as well as the ability to breathe and speak underwater, typical of Atlanteans. He also possesses the ability to form hard water constructs through the use of his Atlantean water bearers and to generate electricity.[4] He was selected as the initial leader for the Team, but stated that he did not want to remain leader and wished to turn over leadership to Robin when he was ready, saying that it was his destiny to lead this team.[5] In Season 2 (set five years in the future), Aqualad is Nightwing's mole in his father Black Manta's organization in order to infiltrate the Light and discover who their partner is. His "defection" is based upon his being the son of Black Manta (which Aquaman covered up) as well as the death of Tula in an earlier Team mission. When Miss Martian fights Aqualad later, her psychic abilities caused her to learn about Aqualad and Tigress' true mission with the psychic attack leaving Aqualad in an apparently-catatonic state. His body was carried away by Tigress. But soon in order to cure his son (thanks to Tigress' suggestion), Deathstroke and Tigress capture Miss Martian and manage to restore him. During the summit, he and Tigress were revealed to be the spies and after their mission complete, Aqualad returns to his post as leader once again. Designation: B02.
Robin / Nightwing / Dick Grayson (voiced by Jesse McCartney) - Known as Robin throughout Season 1; Grayson was, though only thirteen,[3] the most experienced member of the team.[6] He does not possess any superpowers, however, he is an excellent hand-to-hand combatant, tactician, and a technological genius. He has a flippant personality, and can be heard laughing in combat or when sneaking up on villains in order to unnerve and startle them. He repeatedly plays with the English language, particularly with words which cease to function without prefixes, such as "disaster" ("aster"), "overwhelmed" ("whelmed"), and "distraught" ("traught"). Batman had forbidden Robin from revealing his secret identity to the team[7], though Kid Flash was aware of it. Robin acts as team leader when Aqualad is unable to. Aqualad sees Robin as reluctant to lead the team, feeling that he doesn't know enough. "Eventually he shows that he is a natural born leader. And that's just part of what you'll see from Dick Grayson".[citation needed] In Season 2 (set five years later in the future), Dick has assumed the identity of Nightwing while Tim Drake has assumed the mantle of Robin. Nightwing remains on the team as their leader and trainer, assigning and participating in missions. Dick encourages Tim to have confidence in his leadership skills, but the latter is apprehensive about doing so. After "Endgame", Dick decides to take a leave of absence after Wally's sacrifice and leaves Barbara in charge if they need any help. Designation: B01.
Kid Flash / Wally West[8] (voiced by Jason Spisak) – During Season 1, Kid Flash is the team's sixteen-year-old speedster. He has enhanced speed,[7] although he has not fully mastered his abilities, often falling down while running at high speeds due to a misstep. Kid Flash cannot vibrate his molecules through solid objects like the Flash and gets a bloody nose if he attempts to.[7] He is a flirt, beginning with M'gann and extending to any woman he comes into contact with. Kid Flash and Robin know each other outside the team, even knowing each other's secret identities. Wally likes to collect souvenirs from the team's missions, such as T. O. Morrow's robotic eye and Cheshire's mask.[7][9] Ava Dordi, of the Palo Alto Voice notes that Jason Spisak "captures the Lighthearted essence of Kid Flash well".[10] In Season 2 (set five years in the future), Kid Flash has given up the superhero life and is in a relationship with Artemis with the two living and attending college together. Wally does however, assume the guise of Kid Flash once again during the crisis involving Neutron wherein he assists Impulse and the two Flashes (Jay Garrick and Barry Allen) with containing a major explosion. It is revealed that Wally was aware of Nightwing's plan to fake Artemis's death so she could be placed in deep cover alongside Aqualad. He return to the mission during "Bloodlines" to stop Neutron and resume back into the team during "Summit". During "Endgame", he with Flash and Impluse manage to control the Magnetic Field Disruptor but due to his slower speed, the chrysalis' energy attacks him, causing him to disappear. Designation: B03.
Superboy / Kon-El / Conner Kent (voiced by Nolan North) – Superboy is introduced as a sixteen-week-old clone of Superman (later revealed to be a hybrid clone of Superman and Lex Luthor) created by Project Cadmus. Although he does not have all of Superman's abilities, he has super strength, invulnerability, enhanced hearing,[11] and later: infrared vision.[5] Lex Luthor later gave Superboy a set of patches which suppresses Superboy's human DNA, giving him his full Kryptonian abilities, similar to those of Superman's; however they only last for typically an hour, and his aggression increases as well. Superboy is typically sullen, ill-tempered, grumpy, and hates being told what to do. His nonexistent relationship with Superman only adds to this anger. He becomes romantically involved with M'gann while under cover in Belle Reve.[12] Sometime between Season 1 and Season 2, Superboy ended their relationship due to M'gann using her telepathic powers to violently extract information from enemies; even more so, that she tried to tamper with his mind to make him try to forget that they had argued about it. Five years after the events of Season 1, Superboy has remained on with the Team and his formerly apprehensive relationship with Superman has greatly improved, with Superman now referring to him as a brother. Conner is more in control of his anger, resourceful and more familiar with alien technology. Greg Weisman notes that Nolan North provides "good separation" between the dual roles he portrays as Superman and Superboy. Designation: B04.[citation needed]
Miss Martian / Megan Morse / M'gann M'orzz[13] (voiced by Danica McKellar) – Miss Martian is Martian Manhunter's teenaged (by Martian standards, though she is in her 40's in earth years) niece,[14] as well as being an inexperienced superhero.[8] As a Martian, she has telekinesis, telepathy, and flight. Additionally, she can shape-shift to a limited extent. She has stated that she cannot become intangible as her uncle can, implying that this is an advanced skill; but by Season 2, she had learned this power.[7] In later episodes, Martian Manhunter discovers that her raw abilities, particularly in terms of telepathy and mind control, are potentially greater than his own. She pilots her own bio-ship, which transports the team and can become camouflaged with the surrounding area. She is kind and optimistic, but has a naive streak born of having learned about life on Earth through television shows. In line with this, she makes regular use of the catchphrase "Hello, Megan!" when suddenly realizing something. She becomes romantically involved with Superboy while working undercover with him in Belle Reve. While it is revealed to the viewer in the episode "Image" that she is concealing her identity as a non-humanoid White Martian, she finally reveals her true form to the team in the episode "Usual Suspects", though Superboy had known since they had mind-bonded in the past. Danica McKellar thinks her character is "Awesome. Like most of the characters on the show, she's dealing with two very different but coexisting aspects of her life: she's a superhero and also an insecure teenager, all at the same time."[15] Sometime in the five-year lapse between Season 1 and Season 2, Superboy ended their romantic relationship because he does not outwardly age, as well as M'gann abusing her powers to get information from her enemies, rendering the victim in a comatose state, to the point where she's "no better than Psimon", and at some point attempted to make him forget he was upset. She has become more confident in her abilities and lost her naive streak. Garfield Logan (the current Beast Boy) from the episode "Image" has become her adopted brother after the death of his mother. However, after some thinking, she breaks up with Lagoon Boy during "Interventions" and later repair her relationship with Superboy. Designation: B05.
Artemis / Tigress / Artemis Crock[16] (voiced by Stephanie Lemelin) – Artemis was the team's fifteen-year-old archer.[8][17] Like Robin, she has no superpowers, but is very skilled with a bow and arrow. She is introduced as Green Arrow's "niece" but it is later revealed that this is not the case. Red Arrow, who knows she isn't, believes that there was good reason behind Batman and Green Arrow's decision to add her to the team, as well as their concealment of her real identity, and therefore agrees not reveal his suspicions about her to the rest of the group—but warns Artemis to not harm his friends. She is the daughter of the villain Sportsmaster and the now paraplegic ex-villain Huntress, as well as the sister of Cheshire.[18][19] In Season 2 (set five years in the future), she and Wally West (Kid Flash) left the superhero life, and are in a relationship, with the two living and attending college together. She returns to duty, only to subsequently fake her death so she can go undercover with Aqualad within Black Manta's organization, adopting the identity Tigress, and apparently help him complete his long term mission. Nightwing supplies her with a charmed necklace crafted by Zatanna to conceal her true appearance. As part of her cover, she fakes a discreet love affair with Aqualad when questioned. After Wally's sacrifice during "Endgame", she returns to the team using her Tigress identity with her blonde hair. Designation: B07.

text: Expanded members[edit]

text: The following members were added to the team after the series premiere at different times:

text:
Zatanna Zatara (voiced by Lacey Chabert) – The daughter of Justice League member Zatara, she first appears in "Humanity" and sporadically through the later episodes. She permanently moves into Mount Justice in the episode "Misplaced" after her father becomes the new Doctor Fate, and is an official member of the team. Her powers, like her father's, are magical, and like her father's, her spells are spoken in reverse order. Sometime during the five-year lapse between Season 1 and Season 2, she has joined the Justice League. Designation: B08, later 25.
Speedy / Red Arrow / Roy Harper (voiced by Crispin Freeman) – Red Arrow is the team's male archer. Like Robin and Artemis, he has no superpowers, but is very skilled with a bow and arrow. He is also the adopted son of Green Arrow. Originally Speedy, he left Green Arrow's side in "Independence Day", as a result of feeling patronized by the League, who continued to treat him and the others as sidekicks dependent on their mentors, and adopted the alias Red Arrow. He refused to join the group in "Welcome to Happy Harbor". However, he still assisted the team such as in "Targets" and is convinced by Green Arrow to join the team in "Insecurity". In the episode "Usual Suspects", he becomes the first member of the Team to join the Justice League as a full member. However, in "Auld Acquaintance", Harper is told by Vandal Savage that he is a Cadmus clone much like Superboy and was the "mole" implanted by the Light, while the original Roy Harper is in custody of the enemy. In Season 2, Roy is shown on the edge of a breakdown, still searching for his original counterpart. In the episode "Salvage", it is revealed that Roy married Cheshire and unknowingly fathered a daughter with her. Cheshire is willing to help him find his original counterpart so as to help Roy find some peace. Shortly after Roy and Cheshire flew to Tibet to find the original Roy they recover and bring him back to America, recovering in a hospital in Star City with the clone and Green Arrow watching over him. He later teams up with Cheshire to deactivate one of the Reach bombs in "Endgame" and later retires to be with his daughter. Designation: B06, later 21.
Rocket / Raquel Ervin (voiced by Kittie in most episodes, Denise Boutte in "Intervention") – Straightforward and bold, if inexperienced, Rocket is the apprentice of the superhero Icon. She uses a piece of alien technology called an inertia belt, allowing her to store and manipulate kinetic energy. She generally uses this to fly and grant herself some super-strength and a personal force field. She joins the team in the episode "Usual Suspects", the same episode her mentor joins the Justice League. In the five years between Seasons 1 and 2, she has joined the Justice League and is engaged. Designation: B09, later 26.
Aquagirl / Tula (voiced by Cree Summer) - A student at Atlantis's Conservatory of Sorcery and Kaldur'ahm's former girlfriend. When Kaldur began spending more time on the surface world, Tula entered into a relationship with Garth. She joined the Team during the five years in between Seasons 1 and 2, but died on a unidentified mission which left Aqualad devastated. This event was used as a ruse for him to serve as the Team's mole to uncover the secrets of The Light's unidentified partner (who turned out to be Black Beetle of the Reach). Designation: B11.
Batgirl / Barbara Gordon (voiced by Alyson Stoner) – Originally a classmate of Dick's at the Gotham Academy. In the time between Seasons 1 and 2, she assumed the identity of Batgirl and became a member of the Team. Designation: B16.
Beast Boy / Garfield Logan (voiced by Logan Grove) - In the Season 1 episode "Image", Garfield lives with his mother Marie who runs the Logan Reserve around the borders of Bialya and Qurac. In this episode, it is revealed that Marie Logan once starred in a television show called Hello Megan! that inspired Miss Martian's human guise and her catchphrase. Garfield is hurt when Queen Bee's jets attack and needs a blood transfusion to survive following him freeing the sick oryx and an injured wildebeest from the barn. Miss Martian changes her blood type to O negative in order to save Garfield's life. He is saved, but his blue eyes at the time turned green. Sometime before the events of Season 2, Garfield's skin turned green and he developed the ability to shape-shift into animals (ergo, the name Beast Boy) with his hero disguise having monkey-like features. In "Earthlings", it is revealed that Queen Bee caused the car accident that killed Garfield's mother. In the same episode, he is shown to be somewhat careless about blood loss, wondering if he'll get a new power from another transfusion of M'gann's blood. Designation: B19.
Blue Beetle / Jaime Reyes (voiced by Eric Lopez) – Sometime during the five-year lapse between Seasons 1 and 2, he joined the Team. A device called the Scarab is permanently attached to his spine, providing him a battle suit and advises him on what it feels is the best course of action in many situations. However, Jaime frequently ignores this advice as it is often aimed at violent solutions to problems and is seen at these times to be talking to himself. Superboy is currently the only person that knows that Jaime is talking to the scarab; Jaime compares it to Jiminy Cricket. The scarab is believed to be the last invention made by Ted Kord before the Light killed him, but it is revealed in the episode 'Before the Dawn' that its origins lie with the alien organization known as the Reach, who seek to retrieve the scarab, which will kill Jaime. In the future, a Blue Beetle under control of the Reach is shown to have enslaved the human race which Impulse traveled back in time to prevent from happening. Though the Reach do get control of Jaime's body thanks to the Green Beetle, he, the scarab, and Green Beetle are freed from the Reach thanks to an intervention from the rest of the Team and magic from Zatanna. The scarab decides to work with Jaime as equals, preferring it over enslavement to the Reach. Designation: B22.
Bumblebee / Karen Beecher (voiced by Masasa Moyo) – A young scientist and girlfriend of Mal Duncan. She and Mal were classmates of Superboy and Miss Martian at Happy Harbor High School. Her suit acts as armor and imbues her with bee-themed powers including shrinking, and flight. Karen often works with Professor Palmer a.k.a. the Atom; at one point, they attempted to remove the scarab from Jaime, but its defenses nearly killed them. Designation: B17.
Guardian / Mal Duncan (voiced by Kevin Michael Richardson) – The boyfriend of Karen Beecher and classmate of Superboy and Miss Martian at Happy Harbor High School. Sometime between Season 1 and Season 2, he was brought on as mission coordinator for the team. Like Nightwing, Robin, Red Arrow, and Arsenal, Mal Duncan lacks super powers. During an encounter with Despero in "Cornered," he assumed the Guardian superhero armor which had previously belonged to Jim Harper. By the time of "War", he operates as a full member of the team as the Guardian. Designation: B24.[20]
Lagoon Boy / La'gaan (voiced by Yuri Lowenthal) – A student at Atlantis' Conservatory of Sorcery. Sometime during the five-year lapse between Seasons 1 and 2, he joined the Team. He and Miss Martian also became romantically involved (but broke up during Intervention). He was temporarily a prisoner of The Reach, captured by Aqualad as a way to spare his life. Lagoon Boy was later rescued during the raid on the Reach's ship. Designation: B18.
Robin / Tim Drake (voiced by Cameron Bowen) – The third person to adopt the Robin identity, after Dick Grayson (who has since become Nightwing), and Jason Todd (who is now deceased).[21] Nightwing acts as something of a mentor to Tim, though Tim is far more hesitant and cautious than Dick was when he was Robin. By the events of the season finale, he is in a relationship with Wonder Girl. Designation: B20.
Wonder Girl / Cassie Sandsmark (voiced by Mae Whitman) – Wonder Woman's sidekick. She joined the team sometime between the events of Season 1 and Season 2. She is energetic and often impulsive, but a talented fighter. According to Miss Martian, after Wally's death, Cassie kissed Tim Drake and the two of them began a relationship, though apparently only Miss Martian and Superboy are aware of this. The realization of how precious and fragile life is brought about her decision. Designation: B21.
Impulse / Kid Flash / Bart Allen[22] (voiced by Jason Marsden) - A speedster from the future who is the grandson of the current Flash (Barry Allen). Bart is stern and determined to alter history to prevent the post-apocalyptic future from which he comes, but puts on a front as a cheerful and talkative youth to the heroes of 2016. He recites lingo from the future ("feeling the mode"). He came to their time to avert a disaster by a future Neutron. Although Bart was able to cure Neutron, he pretended that he was unable to return to his own time which was still devastated from an as-yet-unknown event. It is revealed in "Before the Dawn" that a Blue Beetle has enslaved the human race, an event that Bart is trying to change by keeping him out of the clutches of the Reach. During "Endgame", he play a huge role into stopping the Endgame weapons but with the cost of Wally. He now takes his name of Kid Flash as a memorial of Wally. Designation: B23.
Speedy / Arsenal / Roy Harper (voiced by Crispin Freeman) – The original Roy Harper. Eight years before Season 2, it was revealed that Lex Luthor captured Speedy and amputated part of his right arm to create a clone that would serve as The Light's mole. Having fulfilled his purpose as a mole, The Light no longer had a use for him, prompting the clone to join The Team and find the original Roy. However, during the five-year transition between Seasons 1 and 2, everyone except his clone counterpart assumed The Light killed off Harper. The original Roy was found in Tibet by his clone counterpart and Cheshire. After recovery in "Satisfaction", Roy learns the whole truth behind the events of the two Seasons and recalls of dealing with Luthor in his last mission, prompting him to take vengeance. Although Roy almost succeeds, Lex anticipated this and outnumbers him. In exchange for his life, Lex gives Roy a mechanical arm filled with high-tech weapons. Roy accepts Luthor's offer minutes later upon Green Arrow and Red Arrow's arrival and adopts the persona Arsenal. After his paranoia caused the Team to be captured by the Reach, Arsenal is booted from the Team. This caused him to take up the offer to allies with the meta-humans Luthor had previously employed. After Arsenal gets the truth out of Lex Luthor during his web chat with the group about Deathstroke's secret mission, Arsenal and those with him cut off all ties with Lex Luthor and go on their own path. Designation: B25.
Tempest / Garth[23] (voiced by Yuri Lowenthal) – Aqualad's best friend and a student at Atlantis's Conservatory of Sorcery. Garth assisted Kaldur and Aquaman against Ocean Master and was offered the chance to become Aqualad, but declined, while Kaldur accepted. Garth continued his studies in the Conservatory and later became a lover of Tula. He joined and left the Team during the time between Seasons 1 and 2. Designation: B10.
Static / Virgil Hawkins (voiced by Bryton James) - Virgil Hawkins is a teenage boy who was waiting at the train station to meet up with his sister until he was captured by agents of the Light and handed over to the Reach. He was rescued by the Team where he was transferred to S.T.A.R. Labs in Taos, New Mexico. When in therapy with Black Canary, Virgil unknowingly displays his manifested electrical powers when a bunch of paper clips ended up stuck together by his electrostatic abilities. After he, along with the other S.T.A.R. Labs runaways, rescues members of the Team from the Warworld, and subsequently participates in a final battle against the Reach, Static joins the Team in the episode "Endgame". Designation: B26.

text: Recurring characters[edit]

text: Justice League[edit]

text:
Atom / Ray Palmer (voiced by Jason Marsden) - A superhero who can grow and shrink in size. He joined the Justice League on December 30, 2010. Five years later, it is shown that Bumblebee has become his lab assistant.
Aquaman / Orin / Arthur Curry (voiced by Phil LaMarr) – Member and co-founder of the Justice League and King of Atlantis. Aqualad served as his sidekick ever since he and Garth helped him defeat Ocean Master in the past
Batman / Bruce Wayne (voiced by Bruce Greenwood) – Batman is a member and co-founder of the Justice League and the elected leader of the group. He gives out the missions for the Justice League and the Team. When Vandal Savage infected the Justice League with The Light's Starro-Tech, Batman is one of the six Justice League members to go missing for 16 hours. In an interview at Comic Con, Greenwood differentiates the portrayal of the Caped Crusader in Young Justice: "He's younger, more of a father figure. He's tough, but not as broken (as in Greenwood's previous portrayal of the character in Batman: Under the Red Hood)."[24]
Black Canary / Dinah Lance (voiced by Vanessa Marshall) – Trainer of the Team during Season 1. Series co-creator Greg Weisman has said Black Canary's role on the show was in part because she is his favorite character in the DC universe.[25] She serves as counselor and trainer for the Team. At the end of Season 2, Captain Atom passes Chairperson duties to Black Canary.
Black Lightning / Jefferson Pierce (voiced by Khary Payton) - An electric superhero that joined the Justice League.
Captain Atom / Nathaniel Adams (voiced by Michael T. Weiss) – Member of the Justice League. In Season 2 after the events of "Alienated," he seems to assume the role as leader of the Justice League while some of its members are away on Rimbor to get a fair trial.
Captain Marvel / Billy Batson (voiced by Rob Lowe in the first appearance, Chad Lowe in the third appearance, Robert Ochoa as Billy Batson) – Member of the Justice League and once served as the substitute den mother when Red Tornado was missing. Considered by IGN to be "the best superhero guest-voicing turn in some time. (Lowe) plays him like your goofy uncle (or little cousin?) who's trying way too hard to fit in with the cool kids. 'I'm really looking forward to hanging with you guys,' he blurts out with unabashed enthusiasm".[26] Weisman notes that the character "will be an important recurring character in the series, so this could ultimately involve multiple episodes for Lowe."[27] The character was voiced by Lowe's brother Chad Lowe, in later episodes.[28][29]
The Flash / Barry Allen (voiced by George Eads in most episodes, James Arnold Taylor in "Endgame") – Member and co-founder of the Justice League. He is the uncle of Kid Flash (Wally West) who served as his sidekick, and grandfather of Impulse (Bart Allen).
Green Arrow / Oliver Queen (voiced by Alan Tudyk) – Member of the Justice League. He had Speedy as a sidekick and later Artemis.
Green Lantern / Hal Jordan - Member and co-founder of the Justice League.
Green Lantern / John Stewart (voiced by Kevin Michael Richardson) - Member of the Justice League. When Vandal Savage infected the Justice League with The Light's Starro-Tech, John Stewart is one of the six Justice League members to go missing for 16 hours.
Hawkman / Katar Hol - Member of the Justice League and husband of Hawkwoman.
Hawkwoman / Shayera Hol - Member of the Justice League and wife of Hawkman. When Vandal Savage infected the Justice League with The Light's Starro-Tech, Hawkwoman is one of the six Justice League members to be missing for 16 hours.
Icon / Arnus (voiced by Tony Todd) – An alien superhero who joined the Justice League on December 30, 2010. Rocket is Icon's sidekick. Superman originally believed Icon could be Kryptonian.
Martian Manhunter / J'onn J'onzz / John Jones (voiced by Kevin Michael Richardson) – Member and co-founder of the Justice League, and uncle of Miss Martian. When Vandal Savage infected the Justice League with The Light's Starro-Tech, Martian Manhunter is one of the six Justice League members to go missing for 16 hours.
Plastic Man / Patrick "Eel" O'Brian - A superhero with elastic powers who joined the Justice League on December 30, 2010.
Red Tornado / John Smith (voiced by Jeff Bennett) – Member of the Justice League who served as the den mother for the Team in Season 1. He was originally created by T.O. Morrow to infiltrate the Justice League only for Red Tornado to defect to them. He serves as the Team's "den mother", since he doesn't need sleep to function. Tornado has an android body he can transfer his mind into to take on the John Smith persona. This android body not seen after the time-skip.
Superman / Kal-El / Clark Kent (voiced by Nolan North) – Member and co-founder of the Justice League. His DNA was used with Lex Luthor's by Project Cadmus to help make Superboy. He was originally apprehensive to Superboy but in the five years since Season 1, Superman now considers Superboy to be his little brother and gave him a Kryptonian name, Kon-El. When Vandal Savage infected the Justice League with The Light's Starro-Tech, Superman is one of the six Justice League members to be missing for 16 hours.
Wonder Woman / Princess Diana (voiced by Maggie Q) – Member and co-founder of the Justice League, and princess of the Amazons. When Vandal Savage infected the Justice League with The Light's Starro-Tech, Wonder Woman is one of the six Justice League members to be missing for 16 hours.
Zatara / Doctor Fate (voiced by Nolan North) – Member of the Justice League and father of Zatanna. He was the second substitute den mother when Red Tornado was missing. Due to Nabu (voiced by Kevin Michael Richardson) stating that the world would always need Doctor Fate, Zatara offers himself to become the new Doctor Fate in lieu of his daughter. His Doctor Fate persona was officially inducted into the Justice League on December 30, 2010. In the five years since Season One, Zatara is presumably still possessed by Nabu.

text: Antagonists[edit]

text: "The Light"[edit]

text: The Light are the characters in Season 1 who directed the course of events throughout the series. The group was conceived by Vandal Savage who views himself as a first among equals.[30] The leaders act as a board of directors, their identities known only to a select few individuals that work with them.[31] The end goal is improve humanity and set it as a dominant race in the universe: they view heroes as interfering with the natural order of things, and that Earth must employ survival of the fittest if it intends to exist.

text: Among its members are:

text:
Vandal Savage (voiced by Miguel Ferrer) – The immortal founder and leader of The Light.
Ra's al Ghul (voiced by Oded Fehr) – Member of The Light and leader of the League of Shadows. Artemis says that Ra's al Ghul is supposed to be a gentleman.
Lex Luthor (voiced by Mark Rolston) – Member of The Light, CEO of LexCorp, and archenemy of Superman. He played a part in the creation of Superboy by donating his DNA (to stabilize the uncontrollable Kryptonian half). Lex Luthor was also responsible for the real Roy Harper missing half of his right arm in order to further the cloning projects. At the end of the second season, he is named Secretary General of the United Nations after helping the Team and the Justice League stop the Reach's plot.

Mercy Graves - Lex Luthor's cybernetic and silent bodyguard.

Queen Bee (voiced by Marina Sirtis) – Member of the Light and dictator of Bialya. In this show, Queen Bee possesses the ability of persuasion over most men and some women. She is the first to discover Miss Martian's true form and uses this to blackmail her through the first season. It was her military's attack that led to Beast Boy's origin and Queen Bee later murders his mother in retaliation.

Psimon (voiced by Alan Tudyk) - The right hand of Queen Bee who has telepathic powers. He often enjoys making the pun "Psimon says", based on the children's game, right before forcing someone to do his bidding. His function for The Light includes extending the range of Queen Bee's influence and being the most useful combatant against telepaths. To that end, he often faces Miss Martian in telepathic battle.

Ocean Master (voiced by Roger Craig Smith) – Board member of the Light and Aquaman's half-brother. Sometime after the events of Season 1, he was somehow disgraced and was replaced with Black Manta.
Brain (voiced by Nolan North in the first unofficial appearance, Corey Burton in the first official appearance) – Member of the Light. He was originally a man whose brain was put in a special mobile container. Brain and Klarion the Witch Boy worked with Professor Ivo to weaponize a fragment of Starro in order to create Starro-Tech.

Monsieur Mallah (vocal effects provided by Dee Bradley Baker) – Brain's gorilla sidekick.

Klarion the Witch Boy (voiced by Thom Adcox-Hernandez) – Member of the Light and an associate of the Lords of Chaos. He and Brain worked with Professor Ivo to weaponize a fragment of Starro in order to create Starro-Tech. According to Greg Weisman, Klarion joined the Light mostly because it seemed like fun.[32]

Teekl (vocal effects provided by Dee Bradley Baker) - A cat who is Klarion the Witch Boy's familiar spirit. If Teekl is destroyed, Klarion will have nothing to anchor him to the mortal realm.

Black Manta (voiced by Khary Payton) – An associate of the Light and Aqualad's father. In Season 2, Black Manta has replaced Ocean Master on the Light.

text: Villains and rogues[edit]

text:
Mr. Freeze / Victor Fries (voiced by Keith Szarabajka) - A super-villain with cryokinetic powers, being capable of blasting ice with his bare hands. His powers are also used to charge his freeze cannon, but he must wear a cryogenic suit in order to survive in temperatures that are above -50 degrees. He attacked a park in Gotham City, but was quickly defeated by Batman and Robin. He was sent to Arkham Asylum, but was later transferred to Belle Reve upon pleading sanity where he participated in a super villain breakout, but was defeated by Superboy, who broke Mr. Freeze's helmet, forcing him to turn his powers on himself to survive.
Icicle Jr. / Cameron Mahkent (voiced by Yuri Lowenthal) - A criminal with cryokinetic powers and the son of Icicle Sr. He attacked a bridge in Star City only to be defeated by Green Arrow and Speedy. He was sent to Belle Reve where he participated in his father's failed breakout plan. In 2016, Icicle Jr. was working for Queen Bee in Bialya preparing abducted runaways to be sent to the Reach. He was also chosen by the Light for a strike team led by Kaldur to capture Blue Beetle.
Killer Frost / Crystal Frost (voiced by Sarah Shahi) - She is a cryokinetic super-villain. Killer Frost attacked Pearl Harbor, but was defeated by Aquaman and Aqualad. She was then sent to Belle Reve prison where she participated in a super villain breakout. After discovering that Miss Martian was disguised as Tuppence Terror, she froze her. Superboy subdued Frost quickly after seeing Miss Martian's state.
Captain Cold / Leonard Snart (voiced by Alan Tudyk) - A thief who uses cryotechnology. He attempted to rob a jewelry store in Central City only to be stopped by Flash and Kid Flash. He was sent to Belle Reve prison where he took part in a failed breakout attempt.
Blockbuster / Mark Desmond (voiced by René Auberjonois) - Mark Desmond is a scientist who worked at Project Cadmus and works for the Light. He created the Blockbuster formula and helped Lex Luthor to create Superboy. When Superboy was about to escape the Cadmus, Desmond ingested the Blockbuster formula becoming Blockbuster. He was defeated and sent to Belle Reve where he took part in Icicle Sr.'s failed plan to escape from the prison.
T.O. Morrow (voiced by Jeff Bennett) - The scientist responsible for creating Red Tornado and an operative of the Light. He also created Red Torpedo and Red Inferno to infiltrate the Justice Society of America, both of which failed. He worked with Bromwell Stikk to test out the Mister Twister armor. It is later revealed that the real T.O. Morrow was in a coma at an old age and that he built an android in his place until the android duplicate was destroyed by Red Volcano.

Bromwell Stikk (voiced by John de Lancie) - A scientist that is the lab partner of T.O. Morrow. He and T.O. Morrow created the Mister Twister armor and used an android double of Bromwell Stikk to operate it.
Red Inferno (voiced by Vanessa Marshall) - A robot that resembles Red Tornado, but has fire-based abilities. She had originally been the 1940s heroine Firebrand, but was "too heroic" and ended up being "killed" in the line of duty, negating her usefulness to Morrow at the time.
Red Torpedo (voiced by Jeff Bennett) - A robot that resembles Red Tornado, but has water-based abilities.
Red Volcano (voiced by Jeff Bennett) - A robot that resembles Red Tornado, but has volcanic-based abilities. He was created by T.O. Morrow to be the sibling of Red Tornado, Red Inferno, and Red Torpedo. Though Red Volcano destroyed the T.O. Morrow android.

Brick / Daniel Brickwell (voiced by Khary Payton) - A super-strong criminal from Star City. His gun smuggling operation was thwarted by Red Arrow and sent to Belle Reve. He was part of the failed breakout plan to escape from the prison.
Bane (voiced by Danny Trejo) - A Hispanic supervillain who uses the super-steroid Venom to increase his strength. He was the ruler of the island nation Santa Prisca in the Caribbean Sea where he headed a factory that manufactured the Venom. The island was taken over by the Cult of the Kobra after Bane was defeated by super-powered Mammoth. After, the factory was destroyed by the Team, he was able to get back his island. Bane and his gang later formed an alliance with the Light where he allowed them to use Santa Prisca as their base of operations.
Kobra (voiced by Arnold Vosloo) - A man who is the leader of the Cult of Kobra and an ally of The Light. He and his cult once developed the Venom/Blockbuster formula ("Kobra Venom") for The Light.
Mammoth / Baran Flinders - Baran Flinders and his twin sister Selinda were members of The Cult of Kobra. After being injected with a hybrid strain of the Venom drug and the Blockbuster formula by his sister, he developed super strength and became very deformed. After Kobra's defeat, Mammoth was sent to Belle Reve where he took part in a failed breakout attempt. In 2016, Baran was working for Queen Bee in Bialya preparing abducted runaways to be sent to the Reach.
Shimmer / Selinda Flinders - Selinda Flinders is a martial-artist who was Kobra's right hand woman. She is also the twin sister of Baran. After Kobra's defeat, Shimmer was sent to Belle Reve where she took part in a failed breakout attempt. In 2016, Shimmer was working for Queen Bee in Bialya preparing abducted runaways to be sent to the Reach. However, Miss Martian took her out with a brain blast. Later, she was experimented on by the Reach with the experiments activating her metahuman powers.
Sportsmaster / Lawrence Crock (voiced by Nick Chinlund) – A sports-themed agent of the Light. He is the ex-husband of Paula Crock, the father of Artemis and Cheshire, and grandfather to Lian Nguyen Harper. In a flashback, Sportsmaster and Deathstroke were responsible for the death of Ted Kord. When Artemis faked her death, he demanded an "eye for an eye" situation by being allowed to kill Aqualad.
Professor Ivo (voiced by Peter MacNicol) - A mad scientist and associate of the Light. He was the one who created Amazo and helped Brain and Klarion the Witch Boy weaponize the Starro-Tech.

Amazo (voiced by Peter MacNicol) - An android created by Professor Ivo. He has the ability to copy the powers of the Justice League. Superboy defeated it when Artemis' arrow induces Amazo to use Marian Manhunter's density shifting. Before Amazo could fully restore its density, Superboy stuck his fist inside, destroying him.
M.O.N.Q.I.s (vocal effects provided by Peter MacNicol) - Short for Mobile Optimal Neural Quotient Infiltrators, the M.O.N.Q.I.s are robotic monkeys that serve as the foot soldiers for Professor Ivo. Professor Ivo mentioned that it took him ages to figure out an acronym for "monkey."

Cheshire / Jade Nguyen (voiced by Kelly Hu) – Member of the League of Shadows, the sister of Artemis, and the daughter of Sportsmaster/Lawrence Crock and the Huntress/Paula Nguyen. Despite the family feud, Cheshire is shown to have a soft spot for Artemis and admits that she doesn't "actually want her dead." In Season 2, Cheshire is shown to be married to Red Arrow with whom they have a child and has left the services of the League of Shadows. She informs Red Arrow on where the real Roy Harper is located, and together they rescue him. Cheshire later teams up with Red Arrow to deactivate one of the Reach bombs in "Endgame". Due to Lian, Jade may retire from the adventurous life she's had.

Lian Nguyen Harper (vocal effects provided by Kelly Hu) - The daughter of Cheshire and Red Arrow; her actual age is not stated, but one or two is likely. Cheshire has said Lian's enjoyment of watching super violence is genetic from her side, prompting Red Arrow to sarcastically retort "great". Lian is shown to be smart for a toddler, saying "Two dadas" when the original Roy Harper is rescued by her parents.

League of Shadows – A group of assassins that are led by Ra's al Ghul and carry out the bidding of the Light.

Sensei (voiced by Keone Young) – A high-ranking member of the League of Shadows.
Black Spider / Eric Needham (voiced by Josh Keaton) – A spider-themed assassin.
Hook – An assassin with a hook for a hand.
Professor Ojo (voiced by Nolan North) – A scientist who wears a special helmet to see.
Ubu (voiced by Fred Tatasciore) - A super-strong man and member of the League of Shadows who is loyal to Ra's al Ghul.

Abra Kadabra (voiced by Jeff Bennett) - He is faux magician who once fought against Flash. He later teamed up with Klarion the Witch Boy in order to find Helmet of Fate so that Klarion can make him a true magician. Abra Kadabra followed Kent Nelson to Madame Xanadu's parlor and kidnapped him. He was defeated by the Team in the Tower of Fate.
Clayface / Matt Hagen (voiced by Nolan North) - A shapeshifting supervillain made of clay. In the tie-in comics, Matt Hagan was a member of the League of Shadows. His appearance is quite hideous and frightening, looking more like a rotting lump of flesh than a being made of clay.
Terror Twins (voiced by Yuri Lowenthal and Danica McKellar respectively) - Tommy and Tuppence Terror are rash and arrogant fraternal twins who possess super-strength and invulnerability. Together they make the villainous duo "The Terror Twins". Their arrest was vital in a plan to infiltrate Belle Reve as Superboy and Miss Martian would go undercover as the twins. In 2016, they were chosen by the Light for a strike team led by Kaldur to capture Blue Beetle and some of the other members of "The Team".
Icicle Sr. / Joar Mahkent (voiced by James Remar) - A criminal who uses cryokinetic technology and the father of Icicle Jr. While imprisoned in Belle Reve, Icicle Sr. initiated a mass breakout attempt with smuggled technology with the help of Captain Cold, Icicle Jr., Killer Frost and Mr. Freeze. Despite not escaping, he and Hugo Strange were satisfied with accomplishing multiple objectives in part for the Light.
Hugo Strange (voiced by Adrian Pasdar) – A prison psychiatrist of the supervillain prison Belle Reve who is also an operative of the Light. Following Icicle Sr.'s failed breakout plot, Hugo Strange became the new prison warden and was revealed to by Icicle Sr.'s silent partner in the plot in order to further the goals of the Light. He is responsible for Professor Ivo's temporary breakout on behalf of the Light so that Professor Ivo can weaponize the Light's Starro-Tech.
Riddler / Edward Nigma (voiced by Dave Franco) - An enemy of Batman who specializes in riddles. He was an inmate at Belle Reve and the only one to escape during Icicle Sr.'s failed breakout attempt. Riddler is also shown to be an agent of the Light as he was seen helping Sportsmaster secure a part of Starro from S.T.A.R. Labs. During the Season 1 finale, he sets up an ambush, asking a riddle about a plant that is not a flower or a tree. After capture, Zatana gags him out of annoyance because he kept trying to say riddles.
Devastation (voiced by Diane Delano) - A heavyset super-strong Caucasian woman who is an adversary of Wonder Woman. During the failed breakout attempt at Belle Reve, she was frozen by Killer Frost (who was trying to hit Superboy). In 2016, Devastation was working for Queen Bee in Bialya preparing abducted runaways to be sent to the Reach.
The Injustice League – A small group of villains who used plant-like creatures to attack the Earth in "Revelation." They seemed to play as the masterminds behind events in Season 1, but in reality they were scapegoats to distract the Justice League from uncovering the true masterminds: the Light.

Atomic Skull – A S.T.A.R. Labs scientist turned supervillain and enemy of Superman.
Black Adam – An adversary of Captain Marvel.
Count Vertigo (voiced by Steven Blum) – Member of the royal family of Vlatava and enemy of Green Arrow. He is obsessed with seizing power from his niece Queen Perdita. Unlike the others, he was not arrested due to Diplomatic Immunity, which revoked later that season by his niece when he accidentally got tricked into revealing his pact with Vandal Savage to ensure the failure of her heart transplant.
Joker (voiced by Brent Spiner) – Batman's archenemy. Unlike other versions, this one is much grimmer and hints towards having multiple personalities. He shows knowledge of the fourth wall; most likely his insanity lets him see the truth of his reality.
Poison Ivy / Pamela Isley (voiced by Alyssa Milano) – A ecoterrorist and plant manipulator, who is an enemy of Batman.
Ultra-Humanite (vocal effects provided by Dee Bradley Baker) – An albino gorilla supervillain with super-human strength and intellect and enemy of Superman. In the tie-in comics, Ultra-Humanite was an old lady who transferred her brain into the body of an albino gorilla.
Wotan (voiced by Bruce Greenwood) – An immortal viking sorcerer and an adversary of Doctor Fate. He was one of the magicians summoned by Klarion the Witch Boy to perform a spell that could split the world in two dimensions.

Intergang - A crime syndicate that uses technology from Apokolips.

Bruno "Ugly" Mannheim (voiced by Kevin Michael Richardson) - Leader of Intergang. He is later lobotomized by Sportsmaster to serve as a warning to anyone who goes against the Light.
Whisper A'Daire (voiced by Grey DeLisle) - Member of Intergang. She is later lobotomised by Sportsmaster to serve as a warning to anyone who goes against the Light.

Desaad (voiced by Dee Bradley Baker) - He is a New God from Apokolips and a servant of Darkseid. He came to Earth to supply Intergang with Apokoliptan weaponry. He was defeated by the Forever People and Superboy, but got away.
Harm / Billy Hayes (voiced by Benjamin Diskin) - He is a sociopathic villain who killed his younger sister Greta. She was the only thing Harm loved, but since required his heart to be pure in order to hold the Sword of Beowulf, he had to cut her out of his heart by killing her. He also refers to himself in third-person and uses the impersonal pronoun to refer to others, objectifying them. The guilt of killing Greta eventually overcomes him when her ghost appears, causing the sword to reject him. Whether this left Harm completely mentally broken from guilt is left unknown.
Felix Faust / Dekan Drache (voiced by Dee Bradley Baker) - A powerful sorcerer and an alchemist who was summoned by Klarion the Witch Boy along with other magicians to perform a spell that could split the world in two dimensions.
Blackbriar Thorn (voiced by Kevin Michael Richardson) - A High Priest of the ancient Druids of Cymru who is recruited by Klarion the Witch Boy alongside other magicians in order to cast a powerful spell that would separate the adults and children of Earth onto two separate worlds.
Wizard / William A. Zard (voiced by Corey Burton) - A skilled magician dressed in Victorian fashion. He was one of the magicians called by Klarion the Witch Boy to cast a spell that split the world into two separate dimensions.
Match (voiced by Nolan North) - He is a genomorph created by Project Cadmus and the first attempt at cloning Superman which didn't go well, since Kryptonian DNA is tricky to clone compared to that of earth's lifeforms. His name was derived from Lex's desire to "have Superman meet his match." Match was freed by Superboy as per wishes by his "father" Lex Luthor. However, Match attacked Superboy after seeing his Superman-insignia. He had been programmed to respond to this, in order to attack Superman. Match then burned a backwards "S" onto his chest with heat-vision, mirroring Bizzaro. By using the shields given to him by Luthor, Superboy was able to defeat Match. The pod containing Match was later stolen from Project Cadmus during the Light's raid.
Parasite / Raymond Jensen (voiced by Adam Baldwin) - A supervillain that can temporary borrow the abilities of anyone by simply touching them. He was approached by Intergang to steal components for a black hole device. To gain access to the European cities from which he had to steal the parts, Parasite joined Haly's Circus as "Ray the Roustabout". He was defeated by the Team who also infiltrated the circus to stop him.
Kroloteans – An alien race that are recurring enemies in Season Two. One Krolotean used a special suit to masquerade as U.N. Secretary-General Tseng only to be exposed and taken away by Lobo. Another one tried to masquerade as Bibbo Bibbowski only to be stopped by Blue Beetle, Bumblebee, and the real Bibbo. There were some Kroloteans positioned on Malina Island until a bomb planted by Aqualad blew up Malina Island.
Neutron / Nathaniel Tryon (voiced by James Arnold Taylor) - Neutron was a nuclear-powered supervillain who was created from being experimented upon by the Reach. He is cured thanks to Impulse and his future self-creating an antidote for his condition. His future self was left horrified that his curing in the past didn't prevent the Reach Apocalypse.
The Reach - An imperial race of aliens that are also known as "the Partner" to the Light and "the Competitor" to the Kroloteans. They have sinister plans for Earth and are abducting teens with latent meta-genes to study their powers so they can more effectively fight the planet's superheroes. Following their encounter with The Team, the Reach went to the United Nations and claim that they are here to assist humanity. In Impulse's future, the Reach (with the help of Jaime Reyes under the Reach's control) have enslaved the human race in what is called "the Reach Apocalypse."

Reach Ambassador (voiced by Phil LaMarr) - The ambassador of the Reach. He is a skilled actor, and overconfident in his plans, believing them to be infallible. This ultimately led to Black Beetle abandoning him during the three-way battle with the Light and the Team, in favor of saving the Reach Scientist.
Reach Scientist (voiced by Masasa Moyo) - The scientist of the Reach. She experimented on young metahumans that were brought to them. Unlike the Ambassador, she is level-headed and sees when things aren't and won't go in their favor. The Reach Scientist only grows aggravated when pointing out he should have listened to her.
Black Beetle (voiced by Kevin Grevioux) - Member of the Reach. Black Beetle was first seen in silhouette. When the Team first confronted the Reach, he wasn't referred to by name and was called Black Beetle by Wonder Girl. His scarab was destroyed by the Blue Beetle.
Green Beetle (voiced by Phil LaMarr) - B'arzz O'oomm is a Green Martian who is a servant of the Reach. He was assigned to gain the Team's trust by helping them defeat Black Beetle so that the Reach can get Blue Beetle's scarab back under their control. Like Blue Beetle, Green Beetle was freed from the Reach's influence by Zatanna using a spell that Doctor Fate prepared her to cast. The Green Beetle scarab was later destroyed by Black Beetle.

Despero - An intergalactic gladiator with telepathic powers.

L-Ron (voiced by Phil LaMarr) - Despero's robotic majordomo.

Deathstroke / Slade Wilson (voiced by Wentworth Miller in the first appearance, Fred Tatasciore in later appearances) - An assassin who was hired by The Light to replace Sportsmaster when he goes rogue in his revenge on Black Manta and his son for causing the "death" of Artemis. Deathstroke helped Tigress into capturing Miss Martian so that Black Manta can have her restore Aqualad back to normal. In a flashback, it was revealed that he and Sportsmaster were responsible for the death of Ted Kord.
Mongul (voiced by Keith David) - The ruler of War World. He came to Earth on Vandal Savage's advice in order to further the plans of the Reach. He is still held prisoner in his own War World ship.
Toyman / Winslow Schott (voiced by Cameron Bowen) - A criminal that uses toy-based devices in his crimes.
Darkseid - The ruler of Apokolips. At the end of "Endgame," Vandal Savage meets with Darkseid on Apokolips. While Desaad and G. Gordon Godfrey look on, Vandal Savage shakes hands with Darkseid quoting "business as usual."

text: Guest characters[edit]

text:
Dubbilex (voiced by Phil LaMarr) - A genomorph bred to possess telekinesis but also has telepathic powers that were kept secret from Cadmus officials. Dubbilex felt that Superboy could lead the genomorphs to their freedom. After Blockbuster's defeat, Dubbilex continued working under Guardian; the treatment of the genomorphs was better (since they were given names and treated equally), but they still could not leave Cadmus. However, he continued his plans to obtain freedom by secreting them away to a secret city deep under Cadmus called Genomorph City. The Light discovered it and raided the Cadmus.
Guardian / Jim Harper (voiced by Crispin Freeman) - A superhero who worked as the head of security at Project Cadmus. He is the genomorph clone of Roy Harper, accelerated a couple extra years in age. After Superboy was freed, Dubbilex lifted the telepathic control on Guardian. When the head-scientist Mark Desmond was defeated, Guardian was appointed as the new head of Cadmus by the Light. Guardian was under a mind spell when the Light raided the Cadmus building. Five years later, Jim had abandoned the Guardian alias and took part in Green Arrow's intervention on Roy Harper's clone. Jim even mentioned that he doesn't know who Jim Harper was.
Amanda Spence (voiced by Vanessa Marshall) - She is a scientist employed by Project Cadmus. She was an assistant to Mark Desmond in his genomorph research. After Superboy was freed and Desmond defeated, Guardian was put in charge of Cadmus and Spence was made acting chief scientist. She and Guardian were later confronted by Superboy who accused them of making another super-clone but they denied that Project Match wasn't theirs. Amanda was knocked unconscious when the Light raided the Cadmus building.
Serling Roquette (voiced by Tara Strong) - A brilliant young scientist working at Royal University in Star City and creator of the "Fog," a dangerous nanotechnology weapon which could destroy anything in its path. The League of Shadows captured her to make the Fog for them. Though Red Arrow rescued her, the Fog was already in use by the League of Shadows. She then helped the Team to create a virus that could stop the Fog. Later, Serling also helped create the Cure-Tech that could negate the effects of Starro-Tech used on Justice League.
Kent Nelson (voiced by Ed Asner) - A retired superhero who by using the Helmet of Fate, could allow his body to be used by the Lord of Order known as Nabu, thus becoming Doctor Fate. In this guise, he was also a member of the Justice Society of America. He retired after his late wife, Inza, convinced him that there was more to life than being a hero. Kent continued protecting the Helmet in Tower of Fate in Salem. During Wally's fight with Klarion, Kent died and his spirit went into the Helm of Fate. After Wally as Doctor Fate defeated Klarion, Nabu declared that he would keep Wally's body permanently. Kent's spirit convinced Nabu that Wally was not a suitable host, and offered to stay with Nabu until a replacement could be found, foregoing his chance to ascend and be reunited with Inza. This lasted until Nabu forcibly passed Kent into the next life before possessing Zatara.
Alfred Pennyworth (voiced by Jeff Bennett) - He is Bruce Wayne's loyal butler who assists his employer in his duties both as Bruce Wayne and as the Batman.
Mary West and Rudy West (voiced by Cree Summer and Steven Blum) - They are the parents of Wally West and are supportive of their son's dual life as a super-hero. Rudy West is also the brother of Iris West Allen.
Iris West (voiced by Nicole Dubuc) - She is the wife of Flash, sister of Rudy West and aunt of Wally West. She is also the grandmother of Bart Allen in the future. Iris is aware of her husband's superhero activities. She works as a reporter for GBS and even congratulated her nephew on his birthday live on-screen. She later discovers from Bart that she's pregnant with his father and aunt.
Jay Garrick (voiced by Geoff Pierson) - Now retired, he was the original Flash and member of Justice Society of America. He is the husband of Joan Garrick and close friends with West and Allen families. He also assisted Barry, Wally, and Bart in defeating Neutron.
Joan Garrick (voiced by Kath Soucie) - She is the wife of Jay Garrick and close friends with West and Allen families. She and Jay also attended Kent Nelson's funeral.
Cat Grant (voiced by Masasa Moyo) – A female reporter who frequently reports on the various matters concerning the Justice League and their enemies.
Mera (voiced by Kath Soucie) - Wife of Aquaman and Queen of Atlantis. She is also the headmistress of the Conservatory of Sorcery where she trained Aqualad, Tempest, Aquagirl and Lagoon Boy. Queen Mera helped create Cure-Tech that could negate the effects of Starro-Tech (which brought the entire Justice League under the control of the Light).
Lori Lemaris (voiced by Kath Soucie) - A mermaid who is one of the students attending an Atlantean sorcery conservatory.
Nuidis Vulko (voiced by Jeff Bennett) - He is the chief scientific advisor of Atlantis and head of the Atlantean Science Center where he also examined the Starro. Later, he helped Mera create the Cure-Tech that would counter the Starro-Tech.
Topo (voiced by James Arnold Taylor) - An octopus-like inhabitant of Atlantis.
Paula Nguyen (voiced by Kelly Hu) - She was the ex-villain Huntress and the ex-wife of Sportsmaster. Paula is also the mother of Cheshire and Artemis. She left the crime after her imprisonment ended. At some point in her life, Paula ended up in a wheelchair. Since her reform, Paula wanted Artemis to be a vigilante rather than a criminal.
Uncle Dudley (voiced by Corey Burton) - Billy Batson's uncle. Dudley lives in an apartment in Fawcett City and appears in the episodes "Alpha Male" and "Misplaced".
Wolf (vocal effects provided by Dee Bradley Baker) – A genetically-altered white wolf that Superboy adopted following the Team's fight with Brain in India.
Sphere – A machine from New Genesis picked up from one of the Team's missions to Bialya after it was transferred there by the Light's as-yet-unidentified intergalactic partner. Ever since it was rescued from the Bialyans, Sphere is a loyal companion to Superboy. She can transform into assorted machinery, including a motorcycle-like vehicle which Wally has dubbed "the Super Cycle".
Marvin White (voiced by Nolan North) - He was student at Happy Harbor High School. He is friends with Wendy Harris and Conner Kent.
Wendy Harris (voiced by Masasa Moyo) - She was student at Happy Harbor High School. She is friends with Marvin White, Karen Beecher, Megan Morse, and Conner Kent.
Snapper Carr (voiced by Greg Weisman) - A teacher at Happy Harbor High School and a former associate of the Justice League when he was a teenager. Five years later, he is shown helping out in "The Team's" cave; he appears to be Beast Boy's tutor.
Amanda Waller (voiced by Sheryl Lee Ralph) - She is a tough African-American woman who is the prison warden of Belle Reve. When Icicle Sr. leads a prison breakout, she and the prison's psychiatrist Hugo Strange are put in a cell. After the breakout is foiled, she is replaced by Strange as the warden.
Bette Kane (voiced by Alyson Stoner) - She is a friend of Dick Grayson, Barbara Gordon, and Artemis and was a student at Gotham Academy.
Guy Gardner - A Green Lantern who occasionally helps the Justice League. He is greatly disliked by Hal Jordan and John Stewart (since they refused to have him join with a unison "NO") due to his obnoxious personality.
Blue Devil - A demon-like superhero who occasionally helps the Justice League.
Marie Logan (voiced by Danica McKellar) - She was the mother of Garfield and a wildlife preservationist living who ran the Logan Reserve around the borders of Bialya and Qurac. She once starred in a television show called "Hello Megan!" that inspired Miss Martian's human guise and her catchphrase. Later, Marie is killed in a car accident caused by Queen Bee with the events traumatizing Garfield.
Forever People - A group of extraterrestrial superheroes from New Genesis. They arrived on Earth in order to reclaim the "New Genisphere" where they run into Superboy and help him to fight Intergang. They can use their Mother Boxes to combine into the Infinity-Man.

Vykin (voiced by Kevin Michael Richardson) - Member of the Forever People. He has magnetic powers.
Big Bear (voiced by Bill Fagerbakke) - Member of the Forever People. He has super-strength.
Beautiful Dreamer (voiced by Grey DeLisle) - Member of the Forever People. She has psionic powers.
Serifan (voiced by Dee Bradley Baker) - Member of the Forever People.
Mark Moonrider - Member of the Forever People. He can shoot bolts of energy from his hands.

Secret / Greta Hayes (voiced by Masasa Moyo) - She was Harm's younger sister. She was the only thing he loved, but since required his heart to be pure in order to hold the Sword of Beowulf, he had to cut her out of his heart by killing her. Somehow upon her death, she became a ghost. Artemis speculated that the last thing Greta saw was the broken neon sign of Abel's House of Secrets across the street (specifically the word "secret").
James Gordon (voiced by Corey Burton) - Gordon is Gotham City's police commissioner and the father of Barbara Gordon. He is an ally of Batman.
Queen Perdita (voiced by Ariel Winter) - Young member of royal family and crowned Queen of Vlatava. Perdita was taken ill and hospitalised at Seattle Medical Center and required a heart transplant from a donor at Boston General Hospital. Her uncle Count Vertigo arranged for five flying ice fortresses to blanket the whole of North America in snow, in exchange for Vlatava's alligence to the Light. Kid Flash was given the task of carrying the heart across the country. Vertigo hoped that Perdita would die and he would be made King of Vlatava. However, his plans were foiled by Kid Flash and Perdita was saved.
Rumaan Harjavti (voiced by Bruce Greenwood) - He was the elected president of Qurac. Queen Bee of the neighboring Bialya used Psimon to controlled him stepping down and inviting Bialyan military into the country to enforce martial law. The plan was foiled after Psimon was defeated by the Miss Martian. Five years later, Rumaan was mentioned to have been assassinated and replaced by his brother Sumaan.
Noor Harjavti (voiced by Vanessa Marshall) - She is the daughter of Rumaan Harjvati, the late president of Qurac. Noor stood by her father after the Team defeated Psimon, and helped him recover from his psychic enslavement.
Jack Haly (voiced by Stephen Root) - He is the owner and ringmaster of the Haly International Traveling Circus which Dick Grayson used to work for in his youth.
King Faraday (voiced by Clancy Brown) - He is an Interpol agent. Faraday was in charge of the investigation of high-end equipment thefts all over Europe. After heists in Italy, Madrid and Paris, he made a connection to Haly's Circus; all crimes coincided with the traveling circus' schedule.
Lobo (voiced by David Sobolov) - An intergalactic bounty hunter. He appeared on Earth where he attacked the United Nations to capture Secretary-General Tseng only for him to fight Batgirl and Wonder Girl. During the fight, it is discovered that Tseng is secretly a Krolotean in disguise after ripping his disguise in half. Lobo then leaves with the Krolotean in order to give it to the people who hired him to capture the Krolotean.
G. Gordon Godfrey (voiced by Tim Curry) - A political commentator on GBS who heavily promotes a xenophobic anti-alien agenda, blaming the Justice League for helping further the goals of the Krolotean invaders. At the end of the series, G. Gordon Godfrey was seen with Desaad when Vandal Savage meets with Darkseid. This leads some to wonder what his goal is, or if he is simply a puppet being used by Darksied in exchange for something.
Catherine Cobert (voiced by Stephanie Lemelin) – A woman who is a public relations liaison to the Justice League.
Adam Strange (voiced by Michael Trucco) - A young S.T.A.R. Labs scientist who ended up on Rann following a Zeta Ray experiment and befriended Sardath and his daughter Alanna. He helped Superboy, Miss Martian, and Beast Boy fight the Kroloteans on Rann. He is learning the Rannian language, but often has to resort to charades to continue a conversation; Miss Martian's telepathic powers help overcome this by allowing him to hear English from Sardarh and Alanna, while they hear Rannian.
Sardath (voiced by W. Morgan Sheppard) - A scientist that lives on Rann. Sardath was investigating the Kroloteans' threat of his Zeta technology, and accidentally transport Adam to Rann. The two scientists became good friends, despite the language barrier normally present.

Alanna (voiced by Jacqueline Obradors) - The daughter of Sardath and the girlfriend of Adam Strange.

Tye Longshadow (voiced by Gregg Rainwater) - Tye Longshadow is a friend of Jaime Reyes who ran away after getting tired of being abused by his mother's boyfriend Maurice Bodaway. Tye was captured by agents of the Light and handed over to the Reach in the process. He was rescued by the Team where he was transferred to S.T.A.R. Labs in Taos, New Mexico. Tye eventually developed the ability to project an "astral" version of himself which can grow several stories tall.
Carol Ferris (voiced by Kari Wahlgren) - The head of Ferris Aircraft.
Eduardo "Ed" Dorado Jr. (voiced by Freddy Rodriguez) - Eduardo Dorado Jr. is the son of Eduardo Dorado Sr. He was captured by agents of the Light and handed over the Reach when trying to run away to his dad. Eduardo was rescued by the Team when he was transferred to S.T.A.R. Labs in Taos, New Mexico. Eduardo developed the ability to teleport at will.
Asami "Sam" Koizumi (voiced by Janice Kawaye) - Asami Koizumi is a Japanese girl who was a runaway until she had been captured by agents of the Light and handed over to the Reach. She was rescued by the Team where she was transferred to S.T.A.R. Labs in Taos, New Mexico. Asami developed the ability to focus her chi (which covers her in a glowing aura) which she can use project it outward to break through solid rock, to leap at a superhuman level, and to soften landings leaving a trail of concentric circles. She can only speak a little bit of English, and has different colored eyes.
Jonathan Kent (voiced by Mark Rolston) - The adoptive father of Superman and Superboy.
Martha Kent - The adoptive mother of Superman and Superboy.
Robin / Jason Todd - The second person to adopt the Robin identity, after Dick Grayson (who has since become Nightwing). Sometime during the five-year lapse between Season 1 and Season 2, Jason has join the Team and then was killed by the Joker with Tim Drake becoming his successor as Robin.


document_title: Bowed guitar

question_text: what song did jimmy page play with a bow

root

text: Bowed guitar

text: Bowed guitar players[edit]

text:
Eddie Phillips was one of the first 20th century guitarists to use a bow. His bowed guitar can be heard on The Creation's "Making Time".
Jimmy Page, of Led Zeppelin and The Yardbirds, is perhaps one of the most famous bowed guitar players. His bowed guitar can be heard on the songs "Dazed and Confused" and "How Many More Times" from the album Led Zeppelin, and "In the Light" and "Kashmir" from the album Physical Graffiti.
Jónsi (Jón Þór Birgisson), the vocalist and guitarist for the Icelandic post-rock band Sigur Rós, uses a bowed guitar extensively.
Jonny Greenwood, lead guitarist of Radiohead, plays bowed guitar live on "Burn the Witch" and "Pyramid Song" to make sounds similar to whale cries (his brother Colin Greenwood used to make them on double bass).
Jeff Martin of the Canadian rock band The Tea Party plays bowed guitar on some of his earlier songs such as "Save Me", from the album Splendor Solis.
Sonic Youth's Lee Ranaldo plays bowed guitar on occasion, most notably in the intro to "Hey Joni".
The Besnard Lakes also make use of bowed guitar. Avant-garde composer Scott Fields often uses bows, including modified bows, in performance and on recordings, including "Mamet", "From the Diary of Dog Drexel", "We Were the Phliks", and "Beckett".
Claudio Sanchez from the American rock band Coheed and Cambria often uses a bow during live performances.
Pink Floyd's Roger Waters used a bowed bass guitar on the songs "Lucifer Sam" and "The Scarecrow".
Tim McTague of Underoath uses a bow in the songs "Writing on the Walls," "To Whom It May Concern," and "Casting Such a Thin Shadow."
English instrumentalist and composer Mike Oldfield played bowed guitar on his album Amarok.
Andrew McKellar of the South African band Civil Twilight also uses a bow, on their songs "Perfect Stranger" and "Letters from the Sky" when performing live (source: video YouTube).
Skyler Skjelset of Fleet Foxes uses a bow on live performances of "Drops in the River".
Russell Senior of Pulp used a bow on live performances of "Little Girl (With Blue Eyes)".
Italian guitarist Sergio Altamura[it] frequently uses a bow and in some pieces applies a violin bridge to his guitar for that[1] or uses a self-created electronic bow.[2]
Whitesnake's Adrian Vandenberg and Steve Vai used a bow in the song "Still of the Night (song)" during live performance.
Igor Haefeli, guitarist of Daughter, uses a bow on the songs "Love", "Still" and "Lifeforms".
Paul Gregory of Lanterns on the Lake plays bowed guitar during live performances of "Ships in the Rain".
Cliff Williams of AC/DC played a bowed bass with his previous band, Home, on the song "Lady of the Birds".
Mike McCready of Pearl Jam played a bowed on the song "Pendulum" from the album Lightning Bolt
Aidy James Stevens, guitarist of English post-punk bands You The Living and The Murder Act uses a cello bow extensively, on You The Living's "Reprobates" and "Precipice" and The Murder Act's "Red Cow" to name a few.
Kristoffer Lo of Highasakite was seen using a bow on his guitar during a live performance of the song "Lover, where do you live?"
Eddie Branch, working with Peter Murphy, used bowed electric bass on the track Cuts You Up as part of its signature refrain.
Sameer Bhattacharya, guitarist of Flyleaf, used a bow on the songs "Sorrow" and on the intro of "Red Sam" during live performance.
Marlon Harder of an Indie Rock band Autopilot uses a bow regularly for his songs.
Þorbjörn Steingrímsson of the Icelandic black/death metal act Zhrine uses a bow on multiple songs both in-studio and live.
Rob Lyberg of the American rock band Eva Under Fire used a bow in the song "Drift".
Low Roar in live sessions with the song '' I'll keep coming ''
Masahiro Tobita of Japanese post-hardcore outfit Envy uses a bow on live performances of the song Crystallize.

tag: ul


document_title: A Bug's Life

question_text: who does flicks voice in a bug's life

question_tokens: who does flicks voice in a bug 's life

text: A Bug's Life

text: Plot[edit]

text: Ant Island is a colony of ants led by the Queen and her daughter, Princess Atta. Every season, they are forced to give food to a gang of marauding grasshoppers led by Hopper. One day, when Flik, an individualist and would-be inventor, inadvertently knocks the offering into a stream with his latest invention, a grain harvesting device, Hopper demands twice as much food as compensation. When Flik suggests in earnest that they seek help from other stronger bugs, the other ants see it as an opportunity to remove him and send him off.

tag: p

text: At the "bug city", which is a heap of trash under a trailer, the naïve Flik mistakes a troupe of Circus Bugs who were recently dismissed by their greedy ringmaster, P.T. Flea, for the warrior bugs he seeks. The bugs, in turn, mistake Flik for a talent agent and accept his offer to travel with him back to Ant Island. During a welcome ceremony upon their arrival, the Circus Bugs and Flik both discover their mutual misunderstandings. The Circus Bugs attempt to leave but are attacked by a bird; while fleeing, they save Dot, Atta's younger sister, gaining the ants' respect in the process. At Flik's request, they continue the ruse of being "warriors" so the troupe can continue to enjoy the hospitality of the ants. Hearing that Hopper fears birds inspires Flik to create a false bird to scare away the grasshoppers. Meanwhile, Hopper tells his gang how greatly the ants outnumber them and worries that they will eventually rebel against them.

text: The ants finish constructing the fake bird, but during a celebration, P.T. Flea arrives searching for his troupe and inadvertently reveals their secret. Outraged by Flik's deception, the ants exile him and desperately gather food for a new offering to the grasshoppers. However, when Hopper returns to discover the mediocre offering, he takes over the island and demands the ants' winter food supply, planning to assassinate the Queen afterwards. Overhearing the plan, Dot has Flik and the Circus Bugs return to Ant Island.

text: After rescuing the Queen, Flik launches the bird; it initially fools the grasshoppers, but P.T. Flea, also mistaking it for a real bird, burns it, exposing it as a decoy. Hopper beats Flik in retaliation and says that the ants are humble and lowly life forms who live to serve the grasshoppers. However, Flik responds that Hopper actually fears the colony, because he has always known what they are capable of, inspiring the ants and the Circus Bugs to fight back against the grasshoppers. The ants attempt to force Hopper out of Ant Island, but it suddenly begins to rain. In the ensuing chaos, Hopper kidnaps Flik and flees. After the Circus Bugs fail to catch them, Atta rescues Flik. As Hopper pursues them, Flik lures him to the nest of the bird he, Dot, and the Circus Bugs encountered earlier. Thinking that the bird is another decoy, Hopper taunts it before discovering it is real, and is captured and eaten alive by its chicks.

text: Sometime later, Flik has improved his inventions and the quality of life for Ant Island, and Atta professes her love for him, and they give Hopper's brother Molt, and a few ants to P.T. Flea. Atta and Dot respectively become the new queen and princess. The ants congratulate Flik as a hero and bid a fond farewell to the circus troupe, who promise to return in the future.

text: Voice cast[edit]

text:
Dave Foley as Flik, an inventive, but mostly accident-prone, ant
Kevin Spacey as Hopper, the leader of the grasshopper gang
Julia Louis-Dreyfus as Princess Atta, the soon-to-be queen of the colony
Hayden Panettiere as Dot, Princess Atta's younger sister and initially Flik's only friend in the ant colony
Phyllis Diller as the Queen, the leader of the ant colony
Richard Kind as Molt, Hopper's dim-witted younger brother
David Hyde Pierce as Slim, a walking stick and Francis and Heimlich's friend
Joe Ranft as Heimlich, a plump German-accented caterpillar that longs to be a butterfly
Denis Leary as Francis, a short-tempered ladybug that is constantly mistaken for a female
Jonathan Harris as Manny, a praying mantis and magician in P.T. Flea's circus
Madeline Kahn as Gypsy, a gypsy moth and Manny's beautiful wife and assistant
Bonnie Hunt as Rosie, a black widow spider and Dim's tamer
Michael McShane as Tuck and Roll, twin[5] pillbugs from Hungary
John Ratzenberger as P.T. Flea, the owner of the circus
Brad Garrett as Dim, a rhinoceros beetle that plays the "Ferocious Beast" in the circus act
Roddy McDowall as Mr. Soil, the lead thespian
Edie McClurg as Dr. Flora, the doctor of the ant colony
Alex Rocco as Thorny, Princess Atta's assistant
David Ossman as Cornelius, an elderly ant

text: Production[edit]

text: Development[edit]

text: During the summer of 1994, Pixar's story department began turning their thoughts to their next film.[6] The storyline for A Bug's Life originated from a lunchtime conversation between John Lasseter, Andrew Stanton, Pete Docter, and Joe Ranft, the studio's head story team; other films such as Monsters, Inc. and Finding Nemo were also conceived at this lunch.[7] Lasseter and his story team had already been drawn to the idea of insects serving as characters. Like toys, insects were within the reach of computer animation back then, due to their relatively simple surfaces. Stanton and Ranft wondered whether they could find a starting point in Aesop's fable The Ant and the Grasshopper.[7] Walt Disney had produced his own version with a cheerier ending decades earlier in the 1934 short film The Grasshopper and the Ants. In addition, Walt Disney Feature Animation (now Walt Disney Animation Studios) had considered producing a film in the late-1980s entitled Army Ants, that centered around a pacifist ant living in a militaristic colony, but this never fully materialized.[8]

text: As Stanton and Ranft discussed the adaptation, they rattled off scenarios and storylines springing from their premise.[7] Lasseter liked the idea and offered some suggestions. The concept simmered until early-1995, when the story team began work on the second film in earnest.[7] During an early test screening for Toy Story in San Rafael in June 1995, they pitched the film to Disney CEO Michael Eisner. Eisner thought the idea was fine and they submitted a treatment to Disney in early-July under the title Bugs.[7] Disney approved the treatment and gave notice on July 7 that it was exercising the option of a second film under the original 1991 agreement between Disney and Pixar.[9] Lasseter assigned the co-director job to Stanton; both worked well together and had similar sensibilities. Lasseter had realized that working on a computer-animated feature as a sole-director was dangerous while the production of Toy Story was in process.[9] In addition, Lasseter believed that it would relieve stress and that the role would groom Stanton for having his own position as a lead director.[10]

text: Writing[edit]

text: In The Ant and the Grasshopper, a grasshopper squanders the spring and summer months on singing while the ants put food away for the winter; when winter comes, the hungry grasshopper begs the ants for food, but the ants turn him away.[7] Andrew Stanton and Joe Ranft hit on the notion that the grasshopper could just take the food.[7][11] After Stanton had completed a draft of the script, he came to doubt one of the story's main pillars – that the Circus Bugs that had come to the colony to cheat the ants would instead stay and fight.[10] He thought the Circus Bugs were unlikable characters as liars and that it was unrealistic for them to undergo a complete personality change. Also, no particularly good reason existed for Circus Bugs to stay with the ant colony during the second act.[12] Although the film was already far along, Stanton concluded that the story needed a different approach.[10]

text: Stanton took one of the early circus bug characters, Red the red ant, and changed him into the character Flik.[12] The Circus Bugs, no longer out to cheat the colony, would be embroiled in a comic misunderstanding as to why Flik was recruiting them. Lasseter agreed with this new approach, and comedy writers Donald McEnery and Bob Shaw spent a few months working on further polishing with Stanton.[13] The characters "Tuck and Roll" were inspired by a drawing that Stanton did of two bugs fighting when he was in the second grade.[11] Lasseter had come to envision the film as an epic in the tradition of David Lean's 1962 film Lawrence of Arabia.[12][14]

text: Casting[edit]

text: The voice cast was heavy with television situation-comedy stars of the time: Flik was voiced by Dave Foley (from NewsRadio), Princess Atta was voiced by Julia Louis-Dreyfus (from Seinfeld), Molt was voiced by Richard Kind (from Spin City), Slim was voiced by David Hyde Pierce (from Frasier) and Dim was voiced by Brad Garrett (from Everybody Loves Raymond). Joe Ranft, member of Pixar's story team, played Heimlich the caterpillar at the suggestion of Lasseter's wife, Nancy, who had heard him playing the character on a scratch vocal track.[15]

text: Several of the film's voice actors would voice characters in later Pixar films: Foley returned for Monsters University, Kind for Cars, Cars 2, Toy Story 3, and Inside Out; and Garrett for Finding Nemo and Ratatouille.

text: The casting of Hopper, the film's villain, proved problematic. Lasseter's top choice was Robert De Niro, who repeatedly turned the part down, as did a succession of other actors.[15] Kevin Spacey met John Lasseter at the 1995 Academy Awards and Lasseter asked Spacey if he would be interested in doing the voice of Hopper. Spacey was delighted and signed on immediately.[12]

text: Art design and animation[edit]

text: It was more difficult for animators during the production of A Bug's Life than that of Toy Story, as computers ran sluggishly due to the complexity of the character models. Lasseter and Stanton had two supervising animators to assist with directing and reviewing the animation: Rich Quade and Glenn McQueen. The first sequence to be animated and rendered was the circus sequence that culminated with P.T. Flea's "Flaming Wall of Death". Lasseter placed this scene first in the pipeline because he believed it was "less likely to change".[16] Lasseter thought it would be useful to look at a view of the world from an insect's perspective. Two technicians obliged by creating a miniature video camera on Lego wheels, which they dubbed as the "Bugcam".[10][17] Fastened to the end of a stick, the Bugcam could roll through grass and other terrain and send back an insect's-eye outlook. Lasseter was intrigued by the way grass, leaves, and flower petals formed a translucent canopy, as if the insects were living under a stained-glass ceiling. The team also later sought inspiration from Microcosmos (1996), a French documentary on love and violence in the insect world.[10]

text: The transition from treatment to storyboards took on an extra layer of complexity due to the profusion of storylines. Where Toy Story focused heavily on Woody and Buzz, with the other toys serving mostly as sidekicks, A Bug's Life required in-depth storytelling for several major groups of characters.[13] Character design also presented a new challenge, in that the designers had to make ants appear likable. Although the animators and the art department studied insects more closely, natural realism would give way to the film's larger needs.[14] The team took out mandibles and designed the ants to stand upright, replacing their normal six legs with two arms and two legs. The grasshoppers, in contrast, received a pair of extra appendages to appear less attractive.[14] The story's scale also required software engineers to accommodate new demands. Among these was the need to handle shots with crowds of ants.[14] The film would include more than 400 such shots in the ant colony, some with as many as 800. It was impractical for animators to control them individually, but neither could the ants remain static for even a moment without appearing lifeless, or move identically. Bill Reeves, one of the film's two supervising technical directors, dealt with the quandary by leading the development of software for autonomous ants.[14] The animators would only animate four or five groups of about eight individual "universal ants". Each one of these "universal ants" would later be randomly distributed throughout the digital set. The program also allowed each ant to be automatically modified in subtle ways (e.g. different color of eye or skin, different heights, different weights, etc.). This ensured that no two ants were the same.[17] It was partly based on Reeves's invention of particle systems a decade and a half earlier, which had let animators use masses of self-guided particles to create effects like swirling dust and snow.[15]

text: The animators also employed subsurface scattering—developed by Pixar co-founder Edwin Catmull during his graduate student days at the University of Utah in the 1970s—to render surfaces in a more lifelike way. This would be the first time that subsurface scattering would be used in a Pixar film, and a small team at Pixar worked out the practical problems that kept it from working in animation. Catmull asked for a short film to test and showcase subsurface scattering and the result, Geri's Game (1997), was attached alongside A Bug's Life in its theatrical release.[18]

text: Controversy[edit]

text: During the production of A Bug's Life, a public feud erupted between DreamWorks' Jeffrey Katzenberg, and Pixar's Steve Jobs and John Lasseter. Katzenberg, former chairman of Disney's film division, had left the company in a bitter feud with CEO Michael Eisner. In response, he formed DreamWorks SKG with Steven Spielberg and David Geffen and planned to rival Disney in animation.[19] After DreamWorks' acquisition of Pacific Data Images (PDI)—long Pixar's contemporary in computer animation—Lasseter and others at Pixar were dismayed to learn from the trade papers that PDI's first project at DreamWorks would be another ant film, to be called Antz.[20] By this time, Pixar's project was well-known within the animation community.[21] Both Antz and A Bug's Life center on a young male, a drone with oddball tendencies that struggles to win a princess's hand by saving their society. Whereas A Bug's Life relied chiefly on visual gags, Antz was more verbal and revolved more around satire. The script of Antz was also heavy with adult references, whereas Pixar's film was more accessible to children.[22]

text: It was clear that Lasseter and Jobs believed that the idea was stolen by Katzenberg.[8][19] Katzenberg had stayed in touch with Lasseter after the acrimonious Disney split, often calling to check up. In October 1995, when Lasseter was overseeing postproduction work on Toy Story at the Universal lot's Technicolor facility in Universal City, where DreamWorks was also located, he called Katzenberg and dropped by with Stanton.[19][23] When Katzenberg asked what they were doing next, Lasseter described what would become A Bug's Life in detail. Lasseter respected Katzenberg's judgment and felt comfortable using him as a sounding board for creative ideas.[23] Lasseter had high hopes for Toy Story, and he was telling friends throughout the tight-knit computer-animation business to get cracking on their own films. "If this hits, it's going to be like space movies after Star Wars" for computer animation companies, he told various friends.[8] "I should have been wary," Lasseter later recalled. "Jeffrey kept asking questions about when it would be released."[19]

text: When the trades indicated production on Antz, Lasseter, feeling betrayed, called Katzenberg and asked him bluntly if it were true, who in turn asked him where he had heard the rumor. Lasseter asked again, and Katzenberg admitted it was true. Lasseter raised his voice and would not believe Katzenberg's story that a development director had pitched him the idea long ago. Katzenberg claimed Antz came from a 1991 story pitch by Tim Johnson that was related to Katzenberg in October 1994.[8] Another source gives Nina Jacobson, one of Katzenberg's executives, as the person responsible for the Antz pitch.[21] Lasseter, who normally did not use profane language, cursed at Katzenberg and hung up the phone.[24] Lasseter recalled that Katzenberg began explaining that Disney was "out to get him" and that he realized that he was just cannon fodder in Katzenberg's fight with Disney.[8][21] In truth, Katzenberg was the victim of a conspiracy: Eisner had decided not to pay him his contract-required bonus, convincing Disney's board not to give him anything.[21] Katzenberg was further angered by the fact that Eisner scheduled Bugs to open the same week as The Prince of Egypt, which was then intended to be DreamWorks' first animated release.[21][24] Lasseter grimly relayed the news to Pixar employees but kept morale high. Privately, Lasseter told other Pixar executives that he and Stanton felt terribly let down by Katzenberg.[21]

text: Katzenberg moved the opening of Antz from spring 1999 to October 1998 to compete with Pixar's release.[21][25] David Price writes in his 2008 book The Pixar Touch that a rumor, "never confirmed", was that Katzenberg had given PDI "rich financial incentives to induce them to whatever it would take to have Antz ready first, despite Pixar's head start".[21][24] Jobs was furious and called Katzenberg and began yelling. Katzenberg made an offer: He would delay production of Antz if Jobs and Disney would move A Bug’s Life so that it did not compete with The Prince of Egypt. Jobs believed it "a blatant extortion attempt" and would not go for it, explaining that there was nothing he could do to convince Disney to change the date.[8][24] Katzenberg casually responded that Jobs himself had taught him how to conduct similar business long ago, explaining that Jobs had come to Pixar's rescue by making the deal for Toy Story, as Pixar was near bankruptcy at that time.[15] "I was the one guy there for you back then, and now you’re allowing them to use you to screw me," Katzenberg said.[24] He suggested that if Jobs wanted to, he could simply slow down production on A Bug’s Life without telling Disney. If he did, Katzenberg said, he would put Antz on hold.[8] Lasseter also claimed Katzenberg had phoned him with the proposition, but Katzenberg denied these charges later.[16]

text: As the release dates for both films approached, Disney executives concluded that Pixar should keep silent on the DreamWorks battle. Regardless, Lasseter publicly dismissed Antz as a "schlock version" of A Bug's Life.[18] Lasseter, who claimed to have never seen Antz, told others that if DreamWorks and PDI had made the film about anything other than insects, he would have closed Pixar for the day so the entire company could go see it.[8][22] Jobs and Katzenberg would not back down and the rivaling ant films provoked a press frenzy. "The bad guys rarely win," Jobs told the Los Angeles Times. In response, DreamWorks’ head of marketing Terry Press suggested, “Steve Jobs should take a pill."[24] Despite the successful box office performance of both Antz and A Bug's Life, tensions would remain high between Jobs and Katzenberg for many years. According to Jobs, Katzenberg came to Jobs after the success of Shrek (2001) and insisted he had never heard the pitch for A Bug's Life, reasoning that his settlement with Disney would have given him a share of the profits if that were so.[26] Although the contention left all parties estranged, Pixar and PDI employees kept up the old friendships that had arisen from spending a long time together in computer animation.[16]

text: Music[edit]

text:
A Bug's Life: An Original Walt Disney Records Soundtrack

Soundtrack album by Randy Newman

Released
October 27, 1998

Recorded
1998

Genre
Score

Length
47:32

Label
Walt Disney

Randy Newman chronology

Michael
(1996)Michael1996
A Bug's Life
(1998)
Pleasantville
(1998)Pleasantville1998

Pixar soundtrack chronology

Toy Story
(1995) Toy Story1995
A Bug's Life
(1998) A Bug's Life1998
Toy Story 2
(1999) Toy Story 21999

tag: table

text: The film's score was composed and conducted by Randy Newman. The soundtrack album was produced and released on October 27, 1998, by Walt Disney Records. The album's first track is a song called "The Time of Your Life" written and performed by Newman, while all the other 19 tracks are orchestral cues. The album is no longer manufactured into physical media, but is available for purchase on iTunes. The time duration is 47 minutes and 32 seconds.[27] Out of five stars, Allmusic,[28] Empire Online,[29] and Film Tracks rated the album three stars.[30] Movie Wave rated it four and a half.[31] The score won the Grammy Award for Best Instrumental Composition.[27]

text: Reception[edit]

text: Critical reception[edit]

text: On review aggregator Rotten Tomatoes the film has a rating of 92%, based on 85 reviews, with an average rating of 7.9/10. The site's critical consensus reads, "A Bug's Life is a rousing adventure that blends animated thrills with witty dialogue and memorable characters – and another smashing early success for Pixar."[32] Another review aggregator, Metacritic, gave the film a score of 77 out of 100, based on 23 critics, indicating "generally favorable reviews".[33]

text: Todd McCarthy of Variety gave the film a positive review, saying "Lasseter and Pixar broke new technical and aesthetic ground in the animation field with Toy Story, and here they surpass it in both scope and complexity of movement while telling a story that overlaps Antz in numerous ways."[34] James Berardinelli of ReelViews gave the film three and a half stars out of four, saying "A Bug's Life, like Toy Story, develops protagonists we can root for, and places them in the midst of a fast-moving, energetic adventure."[35] Roger Ebert of the Chicago Sun-Times gave the film three and a half stars out of four, saying "Will A Bug's Life suffer by coming out so soon after Antz? Not any more than one thriller hurts the chances for the next one. Antz may even help business for A Bug's Life by demonstrating how many dramatic and comedic possibilities can be found in an anthill."[36] Kenneth Turan of the Los Angeles Times gave the film four out of five stars, saying "What A Bug's Life demonstrates is that when it comes to bugs, the most fun ones to hang out with hang exclusively with the gang at Pixar."[37] Peter Stack of the San Francisco Chronicle gave the film four out of four stars, saying "A Bug's Life is one of the great movies – a triumph of storytelling and character development, and a whole new ballgame for computer animation. Pixar Animation Studios has raised the genre to an astonishing new level".[38]

text: Richard Corliss of Time gave the film a positive review, saying "The plot matures handsomely; the characters neatly converge and combust; the gags pay off with emotional resonance."[39] Owen Gleiberman of Entertainment Weekly gave the film a B, saying "A Bug's Life may be the single most amazing film I've ever seen that I couldn't fall in love with."[40] Paul Clinton of CNN gave the film a positive review, saying "A Bug's Life is a perfect movie for the holidays. It contains a great upbeat message ... it's wonderful to look at ... it's wildly inventive ... and it's entertaining for both adults and kids."[41] Michael Wilmington of the Chicago Tribune gave the film three and a half stars out of four, and compared the movie to "Akira Kurosawa's Seven Samurai (with a little of another art-film legend, Federico Fellini, tossed in)." where "As in Samurai, the colony here is plagued every year by the arrival of bandits."[42] On the contrary, Stephen Hunter of The Washington Post gave the film a negative review, saying "Clever as it is, the film lacks charm. One problem: too many bugs. Second, bigger world for two purposes: to feed birds and to irk humans."[43]

text: Box office[edit]

text: A Bug's Life grossed approximately $33,258,052 on its opening weekend, ranking number 1 for that weekend.[44] It managed to retain its number 1 spot for two weeks.[45][46] The film grossed $162.8 million in its United States theatrical run, covering its estimated production costs of $120 million. The film made $200,460,294 in foreign countries, pushing its worldwide gross to $363.3 million, surpassing the competition from DreamWorks Animation's Antz.[2]

text: Awards and honors[edit]

text: A Bug's Life won a number of awards and numerous nominations. The film won the Broadcast Film Critics Association Awards for Best Animated Film (tied with The Prince of Egypt) and Best Family Film, the Satellite Award for Best Animated Film and the Grammy Award for Best Instrumental Composition by Randy Newman. It was also nominated for the Academy Award for Best Original Musical or Comedy Score, the Golden Globe Award for Best Original Score and the BAFTA Award for Best Achievement in Special Visual Effects.[47] In 2008, the American Film Institute nominated this film for its Top 10 Animation Films list.[48]

text: Home media[edit]

text: A Bug's Life was released on VHS and DVD on April 20, 1999. On August 1, 2000, it was rereleased on VHS and DVD under the Walt Disney Gold Classic Collection banner.[citation needed] On May 27, 2003, another DVD was released as a 2-disc Collector's Edition. This DVD was fully remastered and has substantial bonus features.[49] On May 19, 2009, the film was released on Blu-ray.[50]

text: Media and merchandise[edit]

text: Attached short film[edit]

text: The film's theatrical and video releases include Geri's Game, an Academy Award winning Pixar short made in 1997, a year before this film was released.[51]

text: Video game[edit]

text: A game, based on the film, was developed by Traveller's Tales and Tiertex Design Studios and released by Sony Computer Entertainment, Disney Interactive, THQ and Activision for various systems. The game's storyline was similar to the film's, with a few changes. However, unlike the film, the game received mixed to negative reviews.[52] Aggregating review website GameRankings gave the Nintendo 64 version 54.40%,[53] the PlayStation version 51.90% [54] and the Game Boy Color version 36.63%.[55] GameSpot gave the PlayStation version a 2.7/10, concluding that it was "obvious that Disney was more interested in producing a $40 advertisement for its movie than in developing a playable game." [56] IGN gave the Nintendo 64 version a 6.8/10, praising the presentation and sound by stating "It was upbeat, cheery look and feel very much like the movie of the same name with cheery, happy tunes and strong sound effects but again criticised the gameplay by saying the controls were sluggish with stuttering framerate and tired gameplay mechanics".[57] while they gave the PlayStation version a 4/10, criticizing the gameplay as slow and awkward but praising the presentation as cinematic.[58]

text: Theme park attractions[edit]

text: A Bug's Land is a section of Disney California Adventure that is inspired by A Bug's Life. One of the main attractions is the 3D show It's Tough to Be a Bug! which is also in Disney's Animal Kingdom. The Disney California Adventure nighttime show World of Color features a segment that includes Heimlich, the caterpillar from the film.[59]