document_title: List of Maid Sama! episodes

question_text: what episode do usui and misaki get together

text: List of Maid Sama! episodes

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text: Maid Sama! is an anime series adapted from the manga of the same title by Hiro Fujiwara.[1] Produced by J.C.Staff and directed by Hiroaki Sakurai,[2] Maid Sama! follows the relationship and romance between Misaki Ayuzawa, the female student council president of Seika High school which was once all-boys now co-ed school but is still male dominated, and Takumi Usui, the mysterious and the most popular boy at Seika High, who knows Misaki secretly works part-time at a maid cafe.

text: The anime ran in Japan from April 1 to September 23, 2010 on the Tokyo Broadcasting System[3] and was later simulcast three days later after the Japanese airing in Asia from April 4 to September 26, 2010 on Animax Asia with English subtitles.[4] In North America, The Anime Network started streaming the series via their online player on June 15,[5] and distributed it via Video On Demand on August 5, 2010. The series is licensed in the North America by Sentai Filmworks. Animax Asia's English adaptation aired in Southeast Asia from November 25, 2010 to December 30, 2010.

text: The opening theme, titled "My Secret" is performed by Saaya Mizuno; it was released on May 26, 2010 in normal and special editions,[6] and peak ranked 37th on Oricon singles charts.[7] The first ending theme is "Yokan" (予感) performed by the rock band Heidi.; the single was released on May 26, 2010 in normal and special editions,[6] and peak ranked 32nd in Oricon singles charts.[8] The second ending theme, used from episode 16 onwards is "∞Loop" (∞ ループ) also performed by Heidi; the single was released on August 25, 2010 in normal and special editions,[9] and peak ranked 48th in Oricon singles charts.[10]

text: Episode list[edit]

text:
No.
Title
Original airdate

1
"Misa is a Maid Sama!"
"Misaki-chan wa Meido-sama!" (美咲ちゃんはメイド様!)
April 1, 2010[3]

Misaki Ayuzawa is the first female student council president of the previously all-boy Seika High School. While she is highly respected by the female students and staff, the male students both fear and loath her. One particular student, Takumi Usui, irritates Misaki because he bluntly rejects girls who confess their love to him. Misaki secretly works part-time at a maid café called Maid Latte to support her family, as her father left them with a large debt, however she is discovered by Usui and fears her secret will be exposed at school. After listening to Misaki's reasons for working, Usui keeps her secret and chooses to annoy her by regularly visiting Misaki at work as a customer. When Misaki becomes sick due to stress and fatigue, Usui notices and advices Misaki to loosen up, but she rejects his advice. At work, three male students from her school, whom she routinely ridicules as the "Idiot Trio", discover Misaki in her uniform. The three start to harass Misaki, but Usui intervenes. Misaki apologizes to Usui before fainting. After Misaki recovers, Usui tells Misaki that he asked the boys to keep her secret and teases her about becoming his personal maid for a day as his reward.

2
"Maid-Sama at the School Festival"
"Gakuensai demo Meido-sama!" (学園祭でもメイド様!)
April 8, 2010[11]

For the upcoming annual school festival, Misaki wants to use the opportunity to improve the school's image and encourage more girls to enroll. Problems arise with class 2-2 because the boys' activity proposals are attempts to sexually exploit the girls. The boys ask Usui to persuade Misaki to accept their ideas, but he puts very little effort into doing so and instead Misaki decides that class 2-2 will hold a café as suggested by three girls in the class. Later, Usui warns Misaki that her hostility towards the boys will eventually backfire. On the day of the festival, things go well and there is a large turnout of girls. However, she finds out that the boys of class 2-2 are cosplaying in period military outfits, taking over the café and rounding up girls as prisoners. Misaki scolds the boys, but they turn on her and leave the girls to run the café alone. As Misaki manages to run the café she accidentally calls a patron "master" but Usui covers for her by acting as a male server as well, causing the café to gain popularity. Seeing the action from the classroom windows, the boys return and serve the customers properly, making the café a success. During the festival bonfire, Usui finds Misaki resting under a tree where she thanks him for his assistance, although Usui continues to tease her about being his personal maid.

3
"What Color is Misaki? Natural Color?"
"Misaki wa Nani Iro? Tennen Shoku?" (美咲は何色?天然色?)
April 15, 2010[12]

Maid Latte decides to host a "Little Sister's Day" where the maids dress up and act as little sisters to their customers. Misaki has trouble acting the part, since she has no experience being a younger sister, and her own little sister is not a perfect example either. Her boss, Satsuki, decides Misaki can skip the event by changing shifts, but her co-worker, Honoka, accuses Satsuki of favoritism and Misaki of not taking it seriously, convincing Misaki to do some research and practice. When "Little Sister's Day" arrives, Misaki perfects the act of a little sister and awes the customers, at least until Usui arrives. His constant teasing and asking for the impossible causes Misaki to lose her temper, but when he goes to leave, Misaki (still in character) begs him not to go, causing everyone in Maid Latte to be attracted to her moeness. Later at school, as Usui rejects another confession from a girl, he witnesses Misaki rescuing a student from a falling ladder. Noticing she was injured by the ladder, he convinces her to have it bandaged in the infirmary. Later, Maid Latte is hosting a "Maid Rangers day" and Misaki vents her anger on the Idiot Trio dressed up as the White Maid Ranger - the color of white being suggested for Misaki by Usui due to her refusal to be influenced by others.

4
"Net Idol Aoi"
"Netto Aidoru Aoi-chan" (ネットアイドルAOIちゃん)
April 22, 2010[13]

Maid Latte is visited by Aoi, a famous net idol who is also Satsuki's niece. Aoi decides to stay with Satuski for a while due to a fight with her father, and is excited to wear the café's uniform, much to Satsuki's dismay. Meanwhile, the café chef is unable to work and so Usui volunteers to help and impresses the ladies with his own slightly modified version of Omelet Rice. Aoi finds Usui attractive but he repeatedly ignores her advances. She is so persistent that Usui pushes her down on the locker room floor just as Misaki arrives to push him away and slaps Aoi for repeatedly trying to get his attention. It is then revealed that Aoi is, in fact a crossing-dressing boy, something Satsuki knew all along and which both Usui and Misaki discovered right from the start earlier. Aoi reveals he ran away because his classmates made fun of him for liking cute girlish things, and his father didn't like him cross-dressing. Misaki and Usui convince Aoi to go back home, but not before Aoi promises to make them all fall for him. Later, Aoi returns to Maid Latte and criticizes Misaki for not wearing girlish clothes. Later, as Misaki and Aoi go out, Aoi becomes determined to make her more feminine but eventually watches as Misaki single-handedly takes down a burglar and they end up agreeing that they should both just be themselves. Regardless, Aoi sends Misaki a cute dress, much to her embarrassment.

5
"First Time Minding the Shop"
"Hajimete no Orusuban" (初めてのお留守番)
April 29, 2010[14]

Satsuki warns Misaki about a group of stalkers targeting cosplay cafés, but Misaki does not take it seriously, not even when Usui pretends to stalk her and gives her a scare. One night, Misaki is captured by the stalkers - who were also patrons - as she is closing the café by herself and taken upstairs to be restrained with handcuffs and tape over her mouth. Usui hears the commotion inside Maid Latte and is about to kick in the window to rescue Misaki, but just as he is about to make his move, Misaki breaks the chain on the handcuffs and beats them up using her Aikido, shattering the impression they had of her being a submissive girl. Days later, Aoi returns to Maid Latte to give everyone (including Usui) a cellphone photo of Misaki wearing the dress he made, much to Misaki's horror.

6
"Men & the Ayuzawa Cram School"
"Otoko・Ayuzawa Juku!" (男・鮎沢塾!)
May 6, 2010[15]

Misaki has acquired a group of fans at school, the Inuyama quintuplet brothers. While the boys are good-natured, they want to know everything about her, and this could reveal her secret part-time job. She manages to dodge them, mostly with Usui's help, but she is torn between telling them the truth and risking the good image they have of her. She and Usui have an argument on the school rooftop and Usui accidentally drops a photo of her wearing her maid uniform in the direction of the Inuyama brothers. As she freaks out, Usui assures her he will get it back, but not before stealing her first kiss. He jumps from the roof and grabs the photo while falling into the school pool. A relieved Misaki calls him an idiot for making her worry. The brothers hear the commotion at the pool, but thanks to Usui's acting, the brothers think Misaki is Usui's bodyguard. He convinces them not to follow Misaki anymore, thus keeping her secret safe. At the hospital, Misaki visits Usui but leaves in disgust when he asks her to nurse him in her maid outfit.

7
"Enter the Student Council President of Miyabigaoka"
"Miyabigaoka Gakuen Seitokaichō Tōjō" (雅ヶ丘学園生徒会長登場)
May 13, 2010[16]

Misaki is still thinking about Usui's kiss (which she dismisses as simple teasing after Usui kisses Yukimura to make her feel at ease again) when she receives a phone call from her friends Sakura and Shizuko asking her to stop a fight between two Seika High students and three students from the prestigious Miyabigaoka Academy. After initially blaming the Seika students, she learns from them that the fight actually started when one of the Miyabigaoka students called Hirofumi Kogane insulted their interest in chess and called them flies. They arrive at Miyabigaoka Academy, and Misaki tells Hirofumi that her classmates will apologize if he apologizes first. He agrees to do this, but only if they can beat him in chess - which Usui does, humiliating him. Later, the Miyabigaoka Student Council led by President Tora Igarashi arrives at Seika High to apologize to Misaki for Hirofumi's behavior. Tora offers Misaki a scholarship to Miyabigaoka Academy and Misaki is impressed by his gentlemanly behavior. At Maid Latte, a special "Ladies Day" event is held where the maids dress up as handsome men. Misaki becomes popular with the female customers, but Usui upsets her when he reminds her that she's still a girl. Meanwhile, Tora learns of Misaki's part-time job and reveals his hidden lecherous nature.

8
"Misaki Goes to Miyabigaoka"
"Misaki, Miyabigaoka Gakuen e" (美咲、雅ヶ丘学園へ)
May 20, 2010[17]

With three days to decide, Misaki is torn between accepting the Miyabigaoka scholarship or staying at Seika. She goes to Miyabigaoka to give her answer, but Sakura and Shizuko are worried that she will leave Seika. Even though they want the best for Misaki, they rally the Student Council and her fans to head for Miyabigaoka and convince her not to transfer. At Miyabigaoka, Misaki is about to give Tora her reply when a drink is "accidentally" spilled on her, forcing Misaki to wash herself off in their shower room. After the shower, she learns that her Seika uniform had been taken to be cleaned and she is forced to wear a rather revealing maid uniform instead. Tora then shows his true self, revealing he knows about Misaki's part-time job and assumes Misaki came to accept his offer to get his attention and money just like the other women who are interested in him. Misaki declines his offer and has no intention of leaving Seika. As Tora attempts to violate her, however, Usui rescues her. Afterwards, as Misaki thanks Usui and again, wearing her Seika uniform again, she is greeted by her friends waiting outside the Miyabigaoka gate.

9
"Maid-Sama Does Momotaro"
"Momotarō made mo Meido-sama" (桃太郎までもメイド様)
May 27, 2010[18]

Usui narrates his version of Momotarō with Misaki as the titular character, Sakura and Yukimura as her guardians and Momotarō's animal companions played by the Idiot Trio. Misaki is on a quest to rescue women captured by a demon and taken to Onigashima island. On her journey, she saves the Idiot Trio from getting eaten by their Ringmaster (Usui) after the animals tell her the village where the demon been recently seen. Forming a group, they arrived at Seika Village, which is now a stinking wasteland filled with men driven to madness without women and with no one left to do the household chores. Obtaining the directions to Onigashima, the group crosses the ocean and encounter the Princess of the Sea and a Turtle (Suzuna/Aoi) and the Pirate ship Miyabigaoka led by Tora, which Usui destroys with a rocket launcher. When they finally arrive at the island, the Idiots and Misaki sneak into the Demon's lair and find the Seika women living happily in a grand palace. Misaki is shocked to learn that Usui is in fact the Demon; and that he never kidnapped the women, instead the women followed him to escape serving the selfish men in the village and took over his palace. The Narrator ends the story by claiming Misaki and Usui became a couple despite Misaki protesting against the ending; and that the Idiot Trio die in unfortunate circumstances. In reality, the entire story is a dream Misaki is having while taking a nap in the Student Council room, due to Usui playing her a recording of the story to send her subliminal messages.

10
"Sakura's Indie-Label Love"
"Sakura no Koi wa Indīzu" (さくらの恋はインディーズ)
June 3, 2010[19]

Sakura is an avid fan of the indie rock band UxMishi, and is in love with the vocalist, Kuuga. Sakura invites Misaki and Shizuko to a tea party that the band are hosting, where the Idiot Trio also happen to work as part-time waiters. During the meeting, Kuuga starts to take an interest in Misaki and ignores Sakura. When Misaki visits the bathroom, Kuuga and his bandmate Kou follow her and attempt to flirt. He tells Misaki that he does not have feelings for Sakura and the party invitation was just a fan service. Despite Kou telling him to stop, Kuuga continues to hit on Misaki until Usui, disguised as a waiter, intervenes. With Misaki unsure on how to deal with the situation, Usui gives her some advice. Back at the table, Kuuga continues to hit on Misaki, and hurts Sakura's feelings. Getting no response from Misaki, his flirts start to become insults and Sakura tells him to stop. Misaki loses her temper and grabs him by the necktie, telling him that she will not entrust Sakura to someone like him. After leaving the cafe, Shizuko admonishes Misaki for making a scene at the cafe; and Sakura for not being careful about her choice in boys. Sakura is comforted by Misaki with a pat on the head and Misaki hopes that one day Sakura will find someone who will truly love her.

11
"The Secret of Takumi Usui Approaches!"
"Usui Takumi no Himitsu ni Semaru!" (碓氷拓海の秘密に迫る!)
June 10, 2010[20]

Usui inadvertently meets Misaki's mother and helps her carry her groceries. To thank him, she invites him inside her house for tea with Suzuna. As Misaki arrives home she is shocked to see him there and drags him to the park, warning him not to come to her home again, following Usui's remarks about her life. Sakura and Shizuko see them together and wonder if they're dating. The next day, Sakura, Shizuko and Misaki decide to follow Usui to have a peek at his private life and confirm rumors that he is rich. Usui knows he is being chased and leads them into a chase around town. After the girls decide to give up, Misaki finds Usui by outdoor walk way, tending to an abandoned kitten. She tries to deny being interested in Usui's private life, after he remarks that it was the first time she showed any interested in it at all and gives her his address just in case she changes her mind. Afterwards, while Misaki's looks over the directions at her home, Usui is seen living alone in a tall apartment building with the kitten.

12
"Maid Sama & the Sports Festival"
"Taiikusai demo Meido-sama" (体育祭でもメイド様)
June 17, 2010[21]

At the Seika High Sports Festival, Misaki participates and wins every event to secure the prizes for the girls' team. At the obstacle race, where the first prize is a kiss from an unwilling Sakura, Misaki takes the lead until one of the boys tries to push her into the pool to disqualify her. Usui saves her from falling and wins the race, but decides to reject the prize, so Misaki wins as the runner-up instead. Later on, Misaki enters the costume race on behalf of Shizuko. Inside the changing tent, she is shocked to discover she has to wear a maid costume but accidentally switches it with Yukimura's. Yukimura is jeered by the boys for wearing it, the maid costume, which upsets Misaki. However Usui explains that because Yukimura is putting so much effort into the event, the others tease him because they can and Misaki resolves to help him. Therefore Usui and Misaki put together some cool costumes to wear and defend Yukimura, then finish the race with him. Yukimura enjoys himself, and Misaki is inspired to make the day even better next year.

13
"Idiots & Juveniles & Heroes &..."
"Baka to Furyō to Hīrō to" (バカと不良とヒーローと)
June 24, 2010[22]

Gouki Aratake, the strongest delinquent in Seisen Middle School, yearns to be like his reformed upperclassman the former gang leader "Shiroyan" (White Devil) who is actually Naoya Shirakawa of the Idiot Trio, but upon following them around for a bit, the gang deduce Naoya has gone soft. Aratake appears at Seika High and abducts a cross-dressing Yukimura, who they mistake for Naoya's girlfriend. Misaki, Usui, the Idiot Trio and Aoi (who studies at Seisen) go to rescue him. After changing into disguises, and a few interruptions by their friends, they sneak into Aratake's hideout and find him arguing with one of his friends over Naoya. A fistfight erupts between Naoya and Aratake, which Naoya wins. Aratake reveals he only wanted to be strong like Naoya, who gives him some words of encouragement. With the ordeal over, the Idiot Trio introduce Misaki to the gang as their "Chief Maid President," a more fearsome gangster than them, much to her horror. Amidst the chaos, everyone forgets about Yukimura.

14
"Soutane Kano of Class 1-7"
"Ichinen Nanakumi Kanō Sōtarō" (1年7組 叶爽太郎)
July 1, 2010[23]

The Student Council plans to hold an open house at Seika High to attract more girls to enroll there. A girl-hating freshman named Soutarou Kano is against it, and tries to derail their work by hypnotizing people, but he is stopped by Usui, who is immune to his abilities. To get revenge on Usui, he hypnotizes Misaki to hate Usui forever if she falls asleep within 24 hours. Misaki stays up all night with Usui's help, but Kano hypnotizes Yukimura into give her a sleep-inducing painkiller, making her extremely sleepy. With five minutes left before the time limit, she falls asleep and asks Usui if she will remember the feelings of gratitude she has towards him and hopes she will get the chance to thank him properly. Usui hugs her, vowing that he will save her as much as she wants and will make her fall for him all over again.

15
"Bespectacled Rabbit at the Open Campus"
"Gakkō Kengaku-kai de Megane Usagi" (学校見学会で眼鏡うさぎ)
July 8, 2010[24]

It is revealed that Misaki did not sleep and was able to beat Kano's hypnotic suggestion. She punishes Kano by forcing him to help the girls with the upcoming Open House cafeteria. After initially trying to escape, Kano begins to work with the girls and gets over his dislike for them, which came from a childhood experience. Dressed as a butler with a hood and bunny ears, he tries to help a middle schoolgirl get over her fear of men, and later thanks Misaki for helping him. Misaki later thanks Usui for helping with the sports clubs in the only way she can think of, by giving him a pat on the head.

16
"Maid Latte at the Beach House"
"Umi no Ie de mo Meido Rate" (海の家でもメイドラテ)
July 15, 2010[25]

Seika High has begun its summer vacation. Satsuma's sister Nagisa invites the Maid Latte crew to her beach resort, accompanied by Aoi and Usui. The girls decide to help out at the resort by hosting a one-day Maid café event to attract customers, however Misaki is not as keen to wear the swimsuit uniform. Usui gives her a hickey on her back that forces her to wear a t-shirt to hide it. Later that night, the ladies head out to local hot springs to celebrate, but Misaki reluctantly decides to stay behind after being spooked by Honoka's ghost story and due to the hickey. She later rushes after them alone, believing they had left their tickets behind. She gets lost on the way, and is frightened when Usui grabs her. Realizing his mistake, Usui hugs Misaki to calm her down while apologizing. Aoi arrives and sees them, and tells Misaki to just admit she likes Usui. Upon reaching the hot springs, Misaki realizes her effort was in vain as the tickets she had were only extras.

17
"Usui Becomes the Enemy"
"Usui, Teki ni Mawaru" (碓氷、敵に回る)
July 22, 2010[26]

On the second day of summer vacation, Nagisa agrees to allow her nephew Aoi to cross-dress if he wins the local mixed beach volleyball tournament, where the winning team also become the Beach Prince and Princess. Impressed by Aoi's determination, Misaki accepts his offer to be his volleyball partner. Erika and Usui also surprise everyone by joining the tournament. Both teams easily defeat their competition, earning them a face off in the final round. Misaki is frustrated that Usui is trying so hard to beat them and blurts out her anger, much to the crowd's surprise and her embarrassment. Misaki makes a risky save for the ball, sending her towards the umpire stand, but Usui jumps in the way and is injured. Aoi and Misaki win the tournament, but Misaki skips the victory party to reconcile to Usui. At the beach, Usui reveals he only joined the tournament to prevent Misaki from becoming the Beach Princess and getting exploited. Misaki is touched, but as they are about to kiss they are interrupted by a sudden explosion of fireworks. With their vacation over, everyone decides to have a group photo taken.

18
"Maid Sama is a Footman"
"Meido-sama de mo Futtoman" (メイド様でもフットマン)
July 29, 2010[27]

The Miyabigaoka Student Council returns because Kanade Maki wants to buy Maid Latte for his family's dining empire and replace it with a butler cafe. In disguise, Misaki and Subaru decide to join the male-only footman auditions to prove the skills of the Maid Latte staff. As the audition becomes more difficult, Subaru is revealed to be a girl and disqualified. Misaki also discovers that Kano and Yukimura, and Aoi and Usui, are also auditioning. Aoi gets disqualified for being underage, and Tora suggests that Usui and Misaki can remain as a team if they can prove their eligibility. Misaki passes the gender test by grabbing Usui's hand and planting it on her flat chest, tricking everyone into thinking she is a boy. Misaki and Usui are allowed to pair up and move on to the next round.

19
"Footman Through a Change of Pairs"
"Pea Kuminaoshi de Futtoman" (ペア組み直しでフットマン)
August 5, 2010[28]

In the second round of the footman auditions, Usui and Misaki succeed in the required task of setting up a high class table for afternoon tea. Usui also has to contend with Yukimura's curiosity by assuming a false identity and referring to Misaki as a boy. Before the third round begins, Misaki falls from the high stage and Usui rescues her. With Usui attempting to hide his injuries, Misaki decides to do the tasks in the third round to conceal it. This raises Maki's suspicions, but Usui attempts to cover it up by playing the violin. When Misaki discovers Usui's injuries, she asks him to stop and lectures Maki on the importance of helping colleagues. Motivated by her speech, Maki decides to call off buying Maid Latte and move his butler cafe elsewhere. Misaki visits Usui's apartment to take care of him, and is surprised to find him living alone in a luxurious apartment. She apologizes for being so dependent on him, but he professes that he has also become dependent on her.

20
"The Vice President is a Prince?!"
"Fukukaichō wa Ōji-sama!?" (副会長は王子様!?)
August 12, 2010[29]

"Aoi and Her Fun Companions"
"Aoi to Yukai na Nakamatachi" (AOIとユカイな仲間たち)

Yukimura's younger sister Ruri loves playing make-believe princess but refuses to acknowledge her brother as he does not meet her ideal image of a prince. She meets the "prince-like" Usui, and Yukimura convinces Usui to go on a date with his sister in order to gain her favor. Things go as planned with Usui wearing a prince costume (made by Aoi) until the others fear the "princelier" Usui may replace Yukimura as Ruri's big brother. Kano and Misaki attempt to interrupt the date, so Ruri runs off, almost causing a cupboard to fall on her. Usui stops the cupboard while Yukimura shields her. Yukimura lectures Ruri when her prideful behavior goes too far, and she apologizes and accepts her big brother. Sometime later, Kano and Yukimura save Aoi from a group of thugs, but do not recognize him as he is cross-dressing. Aoi decides to enlist them and the Three Idiots to film a music video. Aoi enjoys the crew's enthusiasm, but tries to deny it when they see Aoi genuinely smile. An escaping thief bumps into Aoi, causing him to drop the camera's memory card. Aoi tries to catch it and nearly falls doing so, but is saved by Misaki, who was chasing the thief. Despite Aoi's abuses, the crew enjoyed working with 'her' and offer to search for the memory card, which landed below on Usui by chance.

21
"Usui's Rival?! Hinata Shintani"
"Usui no raibaru? Shintani Hinata" (碓氷のライバル？深谷陽向)
August 19, 2010[30]

Misaki has the sports clubs clean up their club rooms. They initially refuse, but accept after Yukimura tells them food will be provided by the Student Council. After the Student Council finish making rice balls, the famished sports club members barge in to eat, but discard and unknowingly insult Misaki's rice balls. Angered by this, Misaki chases the sports club members out of the room. Usui later visits Misaki and praises her hard work. Kano overhears and wonders why Misaki and Usui will not profess their feelings. Meanwhile, a transfer student named Hinata Shintani arrives. He irritates Misaki with his childish behavior and gluttony for food, but the male students admire his child-like innocence and ability to accurately guess food by smell. Hinata reveals that he used to live in the area and has returned to find his first love, Misaki. Upon hearing this, Misaki realizes that Hinata is her chubby childhood friend "You-kun". Misaki later blurts out Hinata's nickname when he falls from a tree, and Hinata realizes who she is and hugs Misaki, much to everyone's dismay.

22
"Tag at the Forest School"
"Rinkan gakkō onigokko" (林間学校オニごっこ)
August 26, 2010[31]

Seika High plans its out field trip for a five-day Enlightenment at a Buddhist temple. Misaki has to deal with the girls' interest in her relationship with Hinata, as well as both Hinata and Usui vying for her attention. Misaki accidentally gets trapped with Hinata, and he confesses to her and asks her to see him as a man. Usui overhears and interrupts before Misaki can respond. On the fourth day of the trip, the boys lose their sanity due to the grueling activities and start lusting after the girls. As the girls brace themselves in their cabin, Misaki goes out to stop the boys and drives them back with the help of Hinata and Usui. Later, Usui confronts Misaki about her feelings for Hinata, and she explains that she only sees him as a childhood friend. Relieved with her answer, Usui faints on top of her from hunger.

23
"Maid Latte & a Whole Bunch of Sweets"
"Suītsu ōmori meido rate" (スイーツ大盛りメイドラテ)
September 2, 2010[32]

Erika asks Misaki for help after accidentally promising to date a customer against Maid Latte's policy should he win the cafe's all-you-can-eat sweet eating contest. Misaki joins the contest in disguise to ensure he loses, however Hinata ends up beating everyone and gets to choose one maid to serve and take a picture with him. Hinata naturally chooses Misaki as his maid. Satsuki and Erika devise a plan to keep Misaki's secret with a disguise, but Misaki struggles to deceive Hinata and decides to reveal her secret to him. Usui is irritated by her feelings for Hinata and starts to consider him a serious rival. He questions Misaki about their relationship and warns Hinata not to come near Misaki. However, she is only confused by their jealous squabbles.

24
"Lovey-Dovey Through Latte Magic ♥"
"Rate Majikku de Meromerorin ♥" (ラテ・マジックでメロメロリン ♥)
September 9, 2010[33]

The rivalry between Hinata and Usui escalates and Misaki forces them out of the student council room. Misaki's mother meets Hinata, and he accompanies her home where he explains to Misaki that he is trying to find the cherry tree where they used to play. At Maid Latte the next day, the maids are cosplaying characters from the anime "Maid Witches" and Misaki is acting a little nervous around Usui. Hinata arrives and the jealous tension between him and Usui escalates to a point that Usui decides to leave. Hinata asks Misaki to "cast a spell" on him so that he can find the cherry tree. After her shift, Aoi asks Misaki to explain her relationship with Usui. She ponders her answer while taking out the trash and finds Usui waiting for her - also wanting to know the same answer. To hide her embarrassment, Misaki punches Usui, but he blocks it and tells her that he will make his feelings clear instead. He does so by pulling her into an embrace and murmuring a "no-lying" spell in her ear, demanding she answer his question truthfully. She answers somewhat off topic, but stops resisting his hug. Meanwhile, Hinata finds the cherry tree and convinces himself that his meeting with Misaki was fated.

25
"Hinata & Misaki & Usui"
"Hinata to Misaki to Usui-kun" (陽向と美咲と碓氷くん)
September 16, 2010[34]

Hinata reminiscences about his past and, despite being popular with the girls in middle school, he continues to think about Misaki. Sakura invites Misaki and Shizuko to Yumesaki's Culture Festival where UxMishi are playing a concert, assuring Misaki that Kuuga has changed for the better. Usui also gets invited after "begging" Misaki to let him come. At Maid Latte, the café hosts a Fortune Telling Day. As the fortune teller, Erika tells Hinata and Usui that their relationship with Misaki is "flat as a paper balloon" and "incompatible like fire and water" respectively. Usui waits for Misaki to finish her shift and appears depressed about the fortune, provoking Misaki to emotionally ask if he is going to give up on her over of a fortune - and causing her to blush. Hinata overhears and is annoyed. The next day, Hinata helps Misaki clean the school and ends up getting them both wet. With her clothes wet and revealing, Usui covers her with his shirt and accompanies her to get changed. Hinata cries after he realizes what his friends from middle school were warning him about — that Misaki may already be in love with someone else. Later, at the Yumesaki Festival, Misaki and Usui get separated from Sakura and Shizuko in the crowd of UxMishi fans. With no way of reuniting with them, Usui suggests they enjoy the festival together instead.

26
"Too Cruel Ayuzawa & Usui the Idiot!"
"Zurusugiruyo Ayuzawa, Usui no Aho!" (ずるすぎるよ鮎沢、碓氷のアホ！)
September 23, 2010[35]

After fleeing from the crowd, Usui and Misaki join a contest for couples. Despite her initial reluctance, Usui's teasing provokes Misaki and they complete the contest and win special tickets to the post-festival fireworks. After the UxMishi concert, Misaki tries to find Sakura and Shizuko, only to find Kuuga instead. Misaki gets some reassurance that Kuuga is serious about Sakura, while Kuuga wonders why Misaki is not dating Usui yet and accuses her of being cruel to him. After the festival, Misaki and Usui get dressed up in Romeo and Juliet costumes as part of their prize, and go to an empty classroom to get a better view of the fireworks. With Kuuga's words in her thoughts, Misaki confesses to Usui that she does not understand her feelings for him, but wants to be with him. He hugs her, tells her he loves her, and they kiss during the fireworks. Later, they walk around the festival hand in hand. As everyone continues with their daily lives, Suzuna reveals that she knows her sister likes a boy, Aoi is living with Satsuki again and Hinata is still vowing to win Misaki's heart.

OVA
"It's an Omake (New Special Episode)"
"Omake dayo (Shinsaku Tokubetsu Episōdo)" (おまけだよ （新作特別エピソード）)
May 11, 2011 (DVD release)

After getting her maid uniform damaged, Misaki asks Suzuna to fix it while she receives Suzuna's prizes delivered by Shizuko and Sakura. Much to her dismay, her mother and Suzuna try on her fixed maid uniform before finally getting it back on her. While getting a stone to use for making Tsukemono, Hinata and Usui arrive at the Ayuzawa residence to give them some vegetables delivered by Hinata's grandfather. After having dinner, Misaki asks Usui if he is still taking care of the kitten he adopted and he replies that he is, but has not given it a name yet. Misaki suggests that he should name the kitten "Licht" after the tea tin box delivered to Suzuna. Usui thinks it's a great name since "Licht" is German and Dutch for "Light".


document_title: North Africa

question_text: what major desert encompasses most of northern africa

root

text: North Africa

text: Geography[edit]

text: The Atlas Mountains extend across much of Morocco, northern Algeria and Tunisia, are part of the fold mountain system that also runs through much of Southern Europe. They recede to the south and east, becoming a steppe landscape before meeting the Sahara desert, which covers more than 75 percent of the region. The sediments of the Sahara overlie an ancient plateau of crystalline rock, some of which is more than four billion years old.

tag: p

text: Sheltered valleys in the Atlas Mountains, the Nile Valley and Delta, and the Mediterranean coast are the main sources of fertile farming land. A wide variety of valuable crops including cereals, rice and cotton, and woods such as cedar and cork, are grown. Typical Mediterranean crops, such as olives, figs, dates and citrus fruits, also thrive in these areas. The Nile Valley is particularly fertile, and most of the population in Egypt live close to the river. Elsewhere, irrigation is essential to improve crop yields on the desert margins.

text: Countries, territories and regions[edit]

text:
Countries and territories
Area (2016)
(km²)
Population (2016)
Density (2016)
(per km²)
Capital
Total GDP (2016)[5]
GDP per capita (2016)[6]
Currency
Government
Official languages

 Algeria
2,381,740.00
40,606,052.00
17.05
Algiers
$160,784
$15,026
Algerian dinar
Presidential republic
Arabic and Berber (both official), French is commonly used

 Egypt
1,001,450.00
95,688,681.00
96
Cairo
$332,349
$12,554
Egyptian pound
Semi-presidential republic
Arabic

 Libya
1,759,540.00
6,293,253.00
3.58
Tripoli
$33,157
$8,678
Libyan dinar
Provisional authority
Arabic

 Morocco
446,550.00
or 710,850 (including the disputed Western Sahara)
35,276,786.00
73.1
Rabat
$1103,615
$8,330
Moroccan dirham
Constitutional monarchy
Arabic and Berber (both official), French is commonly used

 Tunisia
163,610.00
11,403,248.00
63
Tunis
$141,869
$11,634
Tunisian dinar
Parliamentary republic
Arabic, French is commonly used.

Source:

The World Bank[7]

text: People[edit]

text: The inhabitants of North Africa are roughly divided in a manner corresponding to the principal geographic regions of North Africa: the Maghreb, the Nile valley, and the Sahel. The Maghreb or western North Africa on the whole is believed to have been inhabited by Berbers since at least 10,000 B.C.,[8] while the eastern part of North Africa or the Nile Valley has mainly been home to the Egyptians. The edge of the Sahel, to the south of Egypt has mainly been inhabited by Nubians. Ancient Egyptians record extensive contact in their Western desert with people that appear to have been Berber or proto-Berber, as well as Nubians from the south. As the Tassili n'Ajjer and other rock art findings in the Sahara have shown, the Sahara also hosted various populations before its rapid desertification in 3500 B.C and even today continues to host small populations of nomadic trans-Saharan peoples.

text: In the eleventh century, the Banu Hilal invaded the North African plains and plateaus, but not the mountains (Rif, Kabylie or Aures) and brought with them Hilalian dialects of Arabic, which over the centuries have been in significant contact with other languages, including the languages of Europe. They have contributed to the Arabized Berber populations.[citation needed]

text: The official language or one of the official languages in all of the countries in North Africa is Arabic. Today, the largest ethnic groups in North Africa are Arabs, Berbers and West Africas. The region is predominantly Muslim with a Jewish minority in Morocco and Tunisia and significant Christian minority—the Copts—in Egypt, Algeria,[9] Morocco[10] and Tunisia.[11]

text: Culture[edit]

text: This section does not cite any sources. Please help improve this section by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. (June 2017) (Learn how and when to remove this template message)

text: The people of the Maghreb and the Sahara regions speak Berber languages and several varieties of Arabic and almost exclusively follow Islam. The Arabic and Berber languages are distantly related, both being members of the Afroasiatic language family. The Tuareg Berber languages are notably more conservative than those of the coastal cities.

text: Over the years, Berbers have been influenced by contact with other cultures: Greeks, Phoenicians, Egyptians, Romans, Vandals, Arabs, Europeans and native Africans. The cultures of the Maghreb and the Sahara therefore combine indigenous Berber, Arab and elements from neighboring parts of Africa and beyond. In the Sahara, the distinction between sedentary oasis inhabitants and nomadic Bedouins and Tuaregs is particularly marked.

text: The diverse peoples of the Sahara are usually categorized along ethno-linguistic lines. In the Maghreb, where Arab and Berber identities are often integrated, these lines can be blurred. Some Berber-speaking North Africans may identify as "Arab" depending on the social and political circumstances, although substantial numbers of Berbers (or Amazighen) have retained a distinct cultural identity which in the 20th century has been expressed as a clear ethnic identification with Berber history and language. Arabic-speaking Northwest Africans, regardless of ethnic background, often identify with Arab history and culture and may share a common vision with other Arabs. This, however, may or may not exclude pride in and identification with Berber and/or other parts of their heritage. Berber political and cultural activists for their part, often referred to as Berberists, may view all Northwest Africans as principally Berber, whether they are primarily Berber- or Arabic-speaking.

text: Egyptians over the centuries have shifted their language from Egyptian (in its late form, varieties of Coptic) to modern Egyptian Arabic while retaining a sense of national identity that has historically set them apart from other people in the region. Most Egyptians are Sunni Muslim, although there is a significant minority of Copts.

text: The Maghreb formerly had a significant Jewish population, almost all of whom emigrated to France or Israel when the North African nations gained independence. Prior to the modern establishment of Israel, there were about 600,000-700,000 Jews in Northern Africa, including both Sephardi Jews (refugees from France, Spain and Portugal from the Renaissance era) as well as indigenous Mizrahi Jews. Today, less than fifteen thousand remain in the region, almost all in Morocco and Tunisia, and are mostly part of a French-speaking urban elite. (See Jewish exodus from Arab and Muslim countries.)

text: History[edit]

text: Early history[edit]

text: Due to the recent African origin of modern humans, the history of Prehistoric North Africa is important to the understanding of pre-hominid and early modern human history in Africa. The earliest inhabitants of central North Africa have left behind significant remains: early remnants of hominid occupation in North Africa, for example, were found in Ain el Hanech, near Saïda (c. 200,000 BCE); in fact, more recent investigations have found signs of Oldowan technology there, and indicate a date of up to 1.8 million BC.[12]

text: The cave paintings found at Tassili n'Ajjer, north of Tamanrasset, Algeria, and at other locations depict vibrant and vivid scenes of everyday life in central North Africa during the Neolithic Subpluvial period (about 8000 to 4000 BCE). Some parts of North Africa began to participate in the Neolithic revolution in the 6th millennium BC, just before the rapid desertification of the Sahara around 3500 B.C. due to a tilt in the Earth's orbit.[1]

text: While Egypt and Sudan due to the early civilizations of Ancient Egypt and Nubia entered historicity by the Bronze Age, the Maghreb remained in the prehistoric period longer. Some Phoenician and Greek colonies were established along the Mediterranean coast during the 7th century BC.

text: Antiquity and ancient Rome[edit]

text: The most notable nations of antiquity in western North Africa are Carthage and Numidia. The Phoenicians colonized much of North Africa including Carthage and parts of present-day Morocco (including Chellah, Essaouira and Volubilis[13]). The Carthaginians were of Phoenician origin, with the Roman myth of their origin being that Dido, a Phoenician princess, was granted land by a local ruler based on how much land she could cover with a piece of cowhide. She ingeniously devised a method to extend the cowhide to a high proportion, thus gaining a large territory. She was also rejected by the Trojan prince Aeneas according to Virgil, thus creating a historical enmity between Carthage and Rome, as Aeneas would eventually lay the foundations for Rome. Ancient Carthage was a commercial power and had a strong navy, but relied on mercenaries for land soldiers. The Carthaginians developed an empire in the Iberian Peninsula and Sicily, the latter being the cause of First Punic War with the Romans.

text: Over a hundred years and more, all Carthaginian territory was eventually conquered by the Romans, resulting in the Carthaginian North African territories becoming the Roman province of Africa in 146 B.C.[14] This led to tension and eventually conflict between Numidia and Rome. The Numidian wars are notable for launching the careers of both Gaius Marius, and Sulla, and stretching the constitutional burden of the Roman republic, as Marius required a professional army, something previously contrary to Roman values to overcome the talented military leader Jugurtha.[15]

text: North Africa remained a part of the Roman Empire, which produced many notable citizens such as Augustine of Hippo, until incompetent leadership from Roman commanders in the early fifth century allowed the Germanic peoples, the Vandals, to cross the Strait of Gibraltar, whereupon they overcame the fickle Roman defense. The loss of North Africa is considered a pinnacle point in the fall of the Western Roman Empire as Africa had previously been an important grain province that maintained Roman prosperity despite the barbarian incursions, and the wealth required to create new armies. The issue of regaining North Africa became paramount to the Western Empire, but was frustrated by Vandal victories. The focus of Roman energy had to be on the emerging threat of the Huns. In 468 AD, the Romans made one last serious attempt to invade North Africa but were repelled. This perhaps marks the point of terminal decline for the Western Roman Empire. The last Roman emperor was deposed in 476 by the Heruli general Odoacer. Trade routes between Europe and North Africa remained intact until the coming of Islam. Some Berbers were members of the Early African Church (but evolved their own Donatist doctrine),[16] some were Berber Jews, and some adhered to traditional Berber religion. African pope Victor I served during the reign of Roman emperor Septimius Severus

text: Arab conquest to modern times[edit]

text: The early Muslim conquests included North Africa by 640. By 670, most of North Africa had come under Muslim rule. Indigenous Berbers subsequently started to form their own polities in response in places such as Fez and Sijilmasa. In the eleventh century, a reformist movement made up of members that called themselves the Almoravid dynasty expanded south into Sub-Saharan Africa.

text: North Africa's populous and flourishing civilization collapsed after exhausting its resources in internal fighting and suffering devastation from the invasion of the Banu Sulaym and Banu Hilal. Ibn Khaldun noted that the lands ravaged by Banu Hilal invaders had become completely arid desert.[18]

text: After the Middle Ages the area was loosely under the control of the Ottoman Empire, except Morocco. The Spanish Empire conquered several coastal cities between the 16th and 18th centuries. After the 19th century, the imperial and colonial presence of France, the United Kingdom, Spain and Italy left the entirety of the region under one form of European occupation.

text: In World War II from 1940 to 1943 the area was the setting for the North African Campaign. During the 1950s and 1960s all of the North African states gained independence. There remains a dispute over Western Sahara between Morocco and the Algerian-backed Polisario Front.

text: In 2010 - 2011 massive protests swept the region leading to the overthrow of the governments in Tunisia and Egypt, as well as civil war in Libya. Large protests also occurred in Algeria and Morocco to a lesser extent. Many hundreds died in the uprisings.[19]

text: Transport and industry[edit]

text: This section needs additional citations for verification. Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. (February 2011) (Learn how and when to remove this template message)

text: The economies of Algeria and Libya were transformed by the discovery of oil and natural gas reserves in the deserts. Morocco's major exports are phosphates and agricultural produce, and as in Egypt and Tunisia, the tourist industry is essential to the economy. Egypt has the most varied industrial base, importing technology to develop electronics and engineering industries, and maintaining the reputation of its high-quality cotton textiles.

text: Oil rigs are scattered throughout the deserts of Libya and Algeria. Libyan oil is especially prized because of its low sulfur content, which means it produces much less pollution than other fuel oils.


document_title: Jordan River

question_text: where did the israelites cross the jordan river

text: Jordan River

text: Geography[edit]

text: The Jordan River has an upper course from its sources to the Sea of Galilee, and a lower course south of the Sea of Galilee down to the Dead Sea. In traditional terminology, the upper course (or most of it) is commonly referred to as passing through the "Hula Valley", as opposed to "Upper Jordan Valley"; the Sea of Galilee through which the river passes is a separate entity; and the term Jordan Valley is reserved for the lower course.

text: Over its upper course, the river drops rapidly in a 75-kilometre (47 mi) run to the once large and swampy Lake Hula, which is slightly above sea level. Exiting the now much diminished lake, it goes through an even steeper drop over the 25 kilometres (16 mi) down to the Sea of Galilee, which it enters at its northern end. The Jordan deposits much of the silt it is carrying within the lake, which it leaves again near its southern tip. At that point the river is situated about 210 metres below sea level. The last 120-kilometre (75 mi)-long section follows what is commonly termed the "Jordan Valley", which has less gradient (the total drop is another 210 metres) so that the river meanders before entering the Dead Sea, a terminal lake about 422 metres below sea level with no outlet. Two major tributaries enter from the east during this last section: the Yarmouk River and Zarqa River.

text: Its section north of the Sea of Galilee is within the boundaries of Israel, and forms the western boundary of the Golan Heights. South of the lake, it forms the border between the Kingdom of Jordan (to the east), and Israel (to the west).

text: Tributaries[edit]

text: This section does not cite any sources. Please help improve this section by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. (January 2018) (Learn how and when to remove this template message)

text: The streams coming together to create the River Jordan in its upper basin are, west to east:

text:
Iyyon (Hebrew: עיון Iyyon, Arabic: دردره Dardara or براغيث Braghith – on old PEF maps (1871–77) as Wadi el-Kharrar in the Merj 'Ayun area and Nahr Bareighit in its lower part), a stream which flows from Lebanon.
Hasbani (Arabic: الحاصباني Hasbani, Hebrew: either שניר Snir or Hatzbani), a stream which flows from Mount Lebanon[citation needed].
Dan (Arabic: اللدان Leddan, Hebrew: דן Dan), a stream whose source is also at the base of Mount Hermon.
Banias (Arabic: بانياس Banias, Hebrew: either Banias or חרמון Hermon), a stream arising from a spring at Banias at the foot of Mount Hermon.

tag: ul

text: South of the Sea of Galilee the Jordan River receives the waters of further tributaries, the main ones being

text:
Yarmouk River
Zarqa River

text: Smaller tributaries in this segment are

text:
Wadi al-Far'a
Wadi Qelt

text: Etymology[edit]

text: While several hypotheses for the origin of the river's name have been proposed, the most accepted is that it comes from Semitic Yard|on 'flow down' <√ירד reflecting the river's declivity.[3]:121[4] Cognates of the word are found in Aramaic, Hebrew, and other Semitic languages.[4] The first recorded use of the name appears as Yārdon in Anastasi I, an ancient Egyptian papyrus that probably dates to the time of Rameses II.[5] Early Arab chronicles referred to the river as Al-Urdunn.[6]

text: History[edit]

text: In the 19th century the River Jordan and the Dead Sea were explored by boat primarily by Christopher Costigan in 1835, Thomas Howard Molyneux in 1847, William Francis Lynch in 1848, and John MacGregor in 1869.[7] The full text of W. F. Lynch's 1849 book Narrative of the United States' Expedition to the River Jordan and the Dead Sea is available online.

text: In 1964, Israel began operating a pumping station that diverts water from the Sea of Galilee to the National Water Carrier. Also in 1964, Jordan constructed a channel that diverted water from the Yarmouk River, another main tributary of the Jordan River to the East Ghor Canal. Syria has also built reservoirs that catch the Yarmouk's waters. Environmentalists blame Israel, Jordan and Syria for extensive damage to the Jordan River ecosystem.[8]

text: In modern times, the waters are 70% to 90% used for human purposes and the flow is greatly reduced. Because of this and the high evaporation rate of the Dead Sea, as well as industrial extraction of salts through evaporation ponds, the sea is shrinking. All the shallow waters of the southern end of the sea have been drained in modern times and are now salt flats.

text: A small section of the northernmost portion of the Lower Jordan, the first ca. 3-kilometre (1.9 mi) below the Sea of Galilee, has been kept pristine for baptism and local tourism. Most polluted is the 100-kilometre downstream stretch—a meandering stream from above the confluence with the Yarmouk to the Dead Sea. Environmentalists say the practice of letting sewage and brackish water flow into the river has almost destroyed its ecosystem. Rescuing the Jordan could take decades, according to environmentalists.[8] In 2007, Friends of the Earth Middle East (FoEME) named the Jordan River as one of the world's 100 most endangered ecological sites, due in part to lack of cooperation between Israel and neighboring Arab states.[9] The same environmentalist organization had said in a report that the Jordan River could dry up by 2011 unless the decay was stopped.[10] The flow rate of the Jordan River once was 1.3 billion cubic metres per year; as of 2010, just 20 to 30 million cubic metres per year flow into the Dead Sea.[10]

text: Recent literature shows the role of power asymmetries and of discourses and narratives in shaping hydropolitics along the Jordan River Basin.[11]

text: Roads, border crossings, bridges[edit]

text: Route 90, part of which is named after Rehavam Zeevi, connects the northern and southern tips of the Israeli-occupied West Bank and parallels the Jordan River on the western side.

text: There are two border crossings between Israel and Jordan which cross the river over bridges. The northern one, Jordan River Crossing or Sheikh Hussein Bridge is near Beit She'an; the southern one, Allenby Bridge (also King Hussein Bridge), is near Jericho.

text: From the bridges crossing the river within Israel, the most famous one is the Bnot Ya'akov Bridge (Hebrew: Gesher Bnot Ya'akov, "Daughters of Jacob Bridge").

text:
Arik Bridge at the northern end of the Sea of Galilee; allows access to the central Golan Heights, was crucial in the 1967 and 1973 wars
Al-Sinnabra at the spot where the river used to exit the Sea of Galilee in the past; few remains excavated by archaeologists
Jisr el-Majami' north of Beit She'an/Beisan; closed
Damiya or Adam Bridge halfway between Jericho and Beit She'an; closed

text: Another closed bridge is the King Abdullah Bridge south of the Allenby Bridge.

text: Importance as a water source[edit]

text: The waters of the Jordan River are the second largest water resource for Israel, desalination of sea water from the Mediterranean being the first. Israel's National Water Carrier, completed in 1964, delivers water from the Sea of Galilee to the Israeli coastal plain.

text: Jordan receives 50,000,000 cubic metres (1.8×109 cu ft) of water from the river, a quantity which is regulated by the 1994 peace treaty with Israel.[12] In the past, one of the main water resources in Jordan was the Jordan River, with a flow of 1.3 billion m3 per year (BCM/yr). However, after Israel built the National Water Carrier in 1953 and diverted water from Lake Tiberias to Israel’s coastal plains and southern desert, the flow of the Lower Jordan River dropped significantly. The 50 MCM/yr that Israel provides from Lake Tiberias as part of the 1994 peace treaty was meant to compensate for this loss. A 2010 study found that the Lower Jordan River has been reduced to 2% of its historic flow.[citation needed] Water quality has also deteriorated sharply, with high levels of salinity and pollution from agricultural fertilizer and untreated wastewater upstream in Israel and the West Bank.[13]

text: Conflict about the waters of the Jordan River was a contributing factor to the Six-Day War when, starting in 1965, Syria attempted to divert some of its headwaters in collaboration with Lebanon and Jordan.[14] The diversion works would have reduced the water availability for Israel's carrier by about 35%, and Israel's overall water supply by about 11%.[15]

text: Hebrew Bible[edit]

text: In the Hebrew Bible the Jordan is referred to as the source of fertility of a large plain ("Kikkar ha-Yarden"), said to be watered like "the garden of the LORD" (Genesis 13:10). There is no regular description of the Jordan in the Bible; only scattered and indefinite references to it are given. Jacob crossed it and its tributary, the Jabbok (the modern Al-Zarqa), on his way back from Haran (Genesis 32:11, 32:23–24). It is noted as the line of demarcation between the "two tribes and the half tribe" settled to the east (Numbers 34:15) and the "nine tribes and the half tribe of Manasseh" that, led by Joshua, settled to the west (Joshua 13:7, passim).

text: Opposite Jericho, it was called "the Jordan of Jericho" (Numbers 34:15; 35:1). The Jordan has a number of fords, and one of them is famous as the place where many Ephraimites were slain by Jephthah (Judges 12:5–6). It seems that these are the same fords mentioned as being near Beth-barah, where Gideon lay in wait for the Midianites (Judges 7:24). In the plain of the Jordan, between Succoth and Zarthan, is the clay ground where Solomon had his brass-foundries (1 Kings 7:46). In 2 Kings 6:1-4 the Jordan valley is portrayed as a woodland region. Biblical commentator Albert Barnes suggested that "trees were rare in most parts of Palestine, but plentiful in the Jordan Valley".[16]

text: In biblical history, the Jordan appears as the scene of several miracles, the first taking place when the Jordan, near Jericho, was crossed by the Israelites under Joshua (Joshua 3:15–17). Later the two tribes and the half tribe that settled east of the Jordan built a large altar on its banks as "a witness" between them and the other tribes (Joshua 22:10, 22:26, et seq.). The Jordan was crossed by Elijah and Elisha on dry ground (2 Kings 2:8, 2:14). The prophet and wonder-worker Elisha performed two miracles at the Jordan: he healed Naaman's leprosy by having him bathe in its waters (2 Kings 5:14), and he made an axe head lost by one of the "children of the prophets" float, by throwing a piece of wood into the water (2 Kings 6:6).

text: New Testament[edit]

text: The New Testament states that John the Baptist baptised unto repentance [17] in the Jordan (Matthew 3:5–6; Mark1:5; Luke 3:3; John1:28). These acts of Baptism are also reported as having taken place at Bethabara (John 1:28).

text: Jesus came to be baptised by him there (Matthew 3:13; Mark 1:9; Luke 3:21, 4:1). The Jordan is also where John the Baptist bore record of Jesus as the Son of God and Lamb of God (John 1:29–36).

text: The prophecy of Isaiah regarding the Messiah which names the Jordan (Isaiah 9:1–2) is also reported in Matthew 4:15.

text: The New Testament speaks several times about Jesus crossing the Jordan during his ministry (Matthew 19:1; Mark 10:1), and of believers crossing the Jordan to come hear him preach and to be healed of their diseases (Matthew 4:25; Mark 3:7–8). When his enemies sought to capture him, Jesus took refuge at Jordan in the place John had first baptised (John 10:39–40).

text: Evidence from scriptures and archaeological findings has concluded that the site called Al-Maghtas on the Jordanian side is the most accurate location for the Baptism of Jesus and the ministry of John. This has led to choosing Al-Maghtas as a UNESCO World Heritage site, which took place in 2015.[18]

text: Cultural significance[edit]

text: The Jordan is a frequent symbol in folk, gospel, and spiritual music, and in poetic and literary works.

text: Because, according to Jewish tradition, the Israelites made a difficult and hazardous journey from slavery in Egypt to freedom in the Promised Land, the Jordan can refer to freedom. The actual crossing is the final step of the journey, which is then complete.

text: Because of the baptism of Jesus, water from the Jordan is employed for the christening of heirs and princes in several Christian royal houses, such as the cases of Prince George of Cambridge, Simeon of Bulgaria[19] and James Ogilvy.[20]

text: The baptism of Jesus is referred to in a hymn by the reformer Martin Luther, "Christ unser Herr zum Jordan kam" (1541), base for a cantata by Johann Sebastian Bach, Christ unser Herr zum Jordan kam, BWV 7 (1724).

text: The Jordan River, due primarily to its rich spiritual importance, has provided inspiration for countless songs, hymns, and stories, including the traditional African-American spiritual/folk songs "Michael Row the Boat Ashore", "Deep River", and "Roll, Jordan, Roll". It is mentioned in the songs "Eve of Destruction", "Will You Be There", and "The Wayfaring Stranger" and in "Ol' Man River" from the musical Show Boat. "The Far Side Banks of Jordan" by Johnny Cash and June Carter Cash on June's Grammy Award-winning studio album, Press On, mentions the Jordan River as well as the Promised Land. Jordan River is also the subject of roots reggae artist Burning Spear's song of the same title.[21]