document_title: List of NBA champions

question_text: who has won the most nba championships team

text: List of NBA champions

text: Trophies[edit]

text: Walter A. Brown Trophy[edit]

text: The trophy was originally referred to as the NBA Finals trophy,[14] but was renamed in 1964 after Walter A. Brown, the original owner of the Boston Celtics who was instrumental in merging the BAA and the National Basketball League into the NBA in 1949.[15][16]

text: The original trophy was awarded to the BAA/NBA champions from 1947 to 1976. The trophy was kept by the winning team for one year and given to the winning team of the following year's finals, unless the previous team won again, much like the NHL's Stanley Cup, which continues that tradition to this day.

text: A new trophy design was created for the 1977 NBA Finals, although it retained the Walter A. Brown title. Unlike the original championship trophy, the new trophy was given permanently to the winning team and a new one was made every year.

text: The inaugural winners of the trophy were the Philadelphia Warriors, who defeated the Chicago Stags.[17] From 1957 to 1969, the Celtics won the NBA Finals 11 out of 13 times, including eight consecutive wins. The final winners of the trophy were the Philadelphia 76ers, who defeated the Los Angeles Lakers in the 1983 NBA Finals. In 1984, the trophy was renamed the Larry O'Brien Championship Trophy.

text: Larry O'Brien Championship Trophy[edit]

text: In 1984, the trophy was renamed to the Larry O'Brien Championship Trophy, in honor of Larry O'Brien, who served as NBA commissioner from 1975 to 1984.[18]

text: The current trophy is made out of 14.5 pounds of sterling silver and vermeil with a 24 karat gold overlay and stands 2 feet (0.61 m) tall. It is designed to look like a basketball about to enter a net. The year and team names are engraved on the trophies, which are often prominently displayed in the winning team's arena.[19][20][21]

text: The Boston Celtics were the inaugural winners of the renamed trophy, defeating the Los Angeles Lakers in seven games (4–3) in the 1984 NBA Finals.[22]

text: Champions[edit]

text: Legend

text:
Bold
Winning team of the NBA Finals

Had or tied for the best regular season record for that season

(#)
Playoff seed

text: BAA champions[edit]

text:
Year
Western Champions
Result
Eastern Champions
Reference

1947
Chicago Stags
1–4
Philadelphia Warriors
[23]

1948
Baltimore Bullets
4–2
Philadelphia Warriors
[24]

1949
Minneapolis Lakers
4–2
Washington Capitols
[25]

text: NBA champions[edit]

text:
Year
Western Champions
Result
Eastern Champions
Reference

1950
Minneapolis Lakers[a]
4–2
Syracuse Nationals
[26][27]

1951
Rochester Royals (2)
4–3
New York Knicks (3)
[28]

1952
Minneapolis Lakers (2)
4–3
New York Knicks (3)
[29]

1953
Minneapolis Lakers (1)
4–1
New York Knicks (1)
[30]

1954
Minneapolis Lakers (1)
4–3
Syracuse Nationals (1)
[31]

1955
Fort Wayne Pistons (1)
3–4
Syracuse Nationals (1)
[32]

1956
Fort Wayne Pistons (1)
1–4
Philadelphia Warriors (1)
[33]

1957
St. Louis Hawks (1)
3–4
Boston Celtics (1)
[34]

1958
St. Louis Hawks (1)
4–2
Boston Celtics (1)
[35]

1959
Minneapolis Lakers (2)
0–4
Boston Celtics (1)
[36]

1960
St. Louis Hawks (1)
3–4
Boston Celtics (1)
[37]

1961
St. Louis Hawks (1)
1–4
Boston Celtics (1)
[38]

1962
Los Angeles Lakers (1)
3–4
Boston Celtics (1)
[39]

1963
Los Angeles Lakers (1)
2–4
Boston Celtics (1)
[40]

1964[b]
San Francisco Warriors (1)
1–4
Boston Celtics (1)
[41]

1965
Los Angeles Lakers (1)
1–4
Boston Celtics (1)
[42]

1966
Los Angeles Lakers (1)
3–4
Boston Celtics (2)
[43]

1967
San Francisco Warriors (1)
2–4
Philadelphia 76ers (1)
[44]

1968
Los Angeles Lakers (2)
2–4
Boston Celtics (2)
[45]

1969
Los Angeles Lakers (1)
3–4
Boston Celtics (4)
[46]

1970
Los Angeles Lakers (2)
3–4
New York Knicks (1)
[47]

1971
Milwaukee Bucks (1)
4–0
Baltimore Bullets (1)
[48]

1972
Los Angeles Lakers (1)
4–1
New York Knicks (2)
[49]

1973
Los Angeles Lakers (2)
1–4
New York Knicks (2)
[50]

1974
Milwaukee Bucks (1)
3–4
Boston Celtics (1)
[51]

1975
Golden State Warriors (1)
4–0
Washington Bullets (2)
[52]

1976
Phoenix Suns (3)
2–4
Boston Celtics (1)
[53]

1977[c]
Portland Trail Blazers (3)
4–2
Philadelphia 76ers (1)
[54]

1978
Seattle SuperSonics (4)
3–4
Washington Bullets (3)
[55]

1979
Seattle SuperSonics (1)
4–1
Washington Bullets (1)
[56]

1980
Los Angeles Lakers (1)
4–2
Philadelphia 76ers (3)
[57]

1981
Houston Rockets (6)
2–4
Boston Celtics (1)
[58]

1982
Los Angeles Lakers (1)
4–2
Philadelphia 76ers (3)
[59]

1983
Los Angeles Lakers (1)
0–4
Philadelphia 76ers (1)
[60]

1984[d]
Los Angeles Lakers (1)
3–4
Boston Celtics (1)
[22]

1985
Los Angeles Lakers (1)
4–2
Boston Celtics (1)
[61]

1986
Houston Rockets (2)
2–4
Boston Celtics (1)
[62]

1987
Los Angeles Lakers (1)
4–2
Boston Celtics (1)
[63]

1988
Los Angeles Lakers (1)
4–3
Detroit Pistons (2)
[64]

1989
Los Angeles Lakers (1)
0–4
Detroit Pistons (1)
[65]

1990
Portland Trail Blazers (3)
1–4
Detroit Pistons (1)
[66]

1991
Los Angeles Lakers (3)
1–4
Chicago Bulls (1)
[67]

1992
Portland Trail Blazers (1)
2–4
Chicago Bulls (1)
[68]

1993
Phoenix Suns (1)
2–4
Chicago Bulls (2)
[69]

1994
Houston Rockets (2)
4–3
New York Knicks (2)
[70]

1995
Houston Rockets (6)
4–0
Orlando Magic (1)
[71]

1996
Seattle SuperSonics (1)
2–4
Chicago Bulls (1)
[72]

1997
Utah Jazz (1)
2–4
Chicago Bulls (1)
[73]

1998
Utah Jazz (1)
2–4
Chicago Bulls (1)
[74]

1999[e]
San Antonio Spurs (1)
4–1
New York Knicks (8)
[76]

2000
Los Angeles Lakers (1)
4–2
Indiana Pacers (1)
[77]

2001
Los Angeles Lakers (2)
4–1
Philadelphia 76ers (1)
[78]

2002
Los Angeles Lakers (3)
4–0
New Jersey Nets (1)
[79]

2003
San Antonio Spurs (1)
4–2
New Jersey Nets (2)
[80]

2004
Los Angeles Lakers (2)
1–4
Detroit Pistons (3)
[81]

2005
San Antonio Spurs (2)
4–3
Detroit Pistons (2)
[82]

2006
Dallas Mavericks (4)
2–4
Miami Heat (2)
[83]

2007
San Antonio Spurs (3)
4–0
Cleveland Cavaliers (2)
[84]

2008
Los Angeles Lakers (1)
2–4
Boston Celtics (1)
[85]

2009
Los Angeles Lakers (1)
4–1
Orlando Magic (3)
[86]

2010
Los Angeles Lakers (1)
4–3
Boston Celtics (4)
[87]

2011
Dallas Mavericks (3)
4–2
Miami Heat (2)
[88]

2012[f]
Oklahoma City Thunder (2)
1–4
Miami Heat (2)
[91]

2013
San Antonio Spurs (2)
3–4
Miami Heat (1)
[92]

2014
San Antonio Spurs (1)
4–1
Miami Heat (2)
[93]

2015
Golden State Warriors (1)
4–2
Cleveland Cavaliers (2)
[94]

2016
Golden State Warriors (1)
3–4
Cleveland Cavaliers (1)
[95]

2017
Golden State Warriors (1)
4–1
Cleveland Cavaliers (2)

text: Results by teams[edit]

text:
Teams
Win
Loss
Total
Year(s) won
Year(s) lost

Boston Celtics
17
4
21
1957, 1959, 1960, 1961, 1962, 1963, 1964, 1965, 1966, 1968, 1969, 1974, 1976, 1981, 1984, 1986, 2008
1958, 1985, 1987, 2010

Minneapolis/Los Angeles Lakers
16
15
31
1949, 1950, 1952, 1953, 1954, 1972, 1980, 1982, 1985, 1987, 1988, 2000, 2001, 2002, 2009, 2010
1959, 1962, 1963, 1965, 1966, 1968, 1969, 1970, 1973, 1983, 1984, 1989, 1991, 2004, 2008

Chicago Bulls
6
0
6
1991, 1992, 1993, 1996, 1997, 1998
—

Philadelphia/San Francisco/Golden State Warriors
5
4
9
1947, 1956, 1975, 2015, 2017
1948, 1964, 1967, 2016

San Antonio Spurs
5
1
6
1999, 2003, 2005, 2007, 2014
2013

Syracuse Nationals/Philadelphia 76ers
3
6
9
1955, 1967, 1983
1950, 1954, 1977, 1980, 1982, 2001

Fort Wayne/Detroit Pistons
3
4
7
1989, 1990, 2004
1955, 1956, 1988, 2005

Miami Heat
3
2
5
2006, 2012, 2013
2011, 2014

New York Knicks
2
6
8
1970, 1973
1951, 1952, 1953, 1972, 1994, 1999

Houston Rockets
2
2
4
1994, 1995
1981, 1986

St. Louis/Atlanta Hawks
1
3
4
1958
1957, 1960, 1961

Baltimore/Washington Bullets/Washington Wizards
1
3
4
1978
1971, 1975, 1979

Seattle SuperSonics/Oklahoma City Thunder
1
3
4
1979
1978, 1996, 2012

Cleveland Cavaliers
1
3
4
2016
2007, 2015, 2017

Portland Trail Blazers
1
2
3
1977
1990, 1992

Milwaukee Bucks
1
1
2
1971
1974

Dallas Mavericks
1
1
2
2011
2006

Baltimore Bullets (original) (folded in 1954)[g]
1
0
1
1948
—

Rochester/Cincinnati Royals/Kansas City/Sacramento Kings
1
0
1
1951
—

Phoenix Suns
0
2
2
—
1976, 1993

New Orleans/Utah Jazz
0
2
2
—
1997, 1998

New Jersey/Brooklyn Nets
0
2
2
—
2002, 2003

Orlando Magic
0
2
2
—
1995, 2009

Chicago Stags (folded in 1950)
0
1
1
—
1947

Washington Capitols (folded in 1951)
0
1
1
—
1949

Indiana Pacers
0
1
1
—
2000

Buffalo Braves/San Diego/Los Angeles Clippers
—
—
—

Charlotte Bobcats/Hornets
—
—
—

Denver Nuggets
—
—
—

Minnesota Timberwolves
—
—
—

New Orleans Hornets/Pelicans
—
—
—

Toronto Raptors
—
—
—

Vancouver/Memphis Grizzlies
—
—
—

text: Notes[edit]

text:
Jump up ^ Due to the NBA's realignment into three divisions, the team with the best regular season record after the Divisional Finals advanced automatically to the NBA Finals while the other two teams faced off in the NBA Semifinals to determine the other finalist. Eastern Division champion Syracuse had the best regular season record among the division champions, causing Central Division (no relation to the current Central Division) champion Minneapolis to face Western Division champion Anderson Packers in the NBA Semifinals.[26]
Jump up ^ The trophy was renamed for Walter A. Brown.
Jump up ^ The trophy was replaced by a new design.[19][20]
Jump up ^ The trophy was renamed for Larry O'Brien.
Jump up ^ Due to a lockout, the season did not start until February 5, 1999, and all 29 teams played a shortened 50-game regular season schedule.[75]
Jump up ^ Due to a lockout, the season did not start until December 25, 2011 and all 30 teams played a shortened 66-game regular season schedule.[89][90]
Jump up ^ Not affiliated with the present-day Washington Wizards who were known as the Baltimore/Capital/Washington Bullets from 1963 to 1997.

tag: ol


document_title: Supporting characters on Will & Grace

question_text: who plays martin adler on will and grace

root

text: Supporting characters on Will & Grace

text: Supporting characters[edit]

text:
Actor
Character
Seasons

1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9

Leigh-Allyn Baker
Ellen

Tom Gallop
Rob

Molly Shannon
Val Bassett

Debbie Reynolds
Bobbi Adler

Steve Paymer
Steve

Gregory Hines
Ben Doucette

Marshall Manesh
Mr. Zamir

Laura Kightlinger
Nurse Sheila

Sydney Pollack
George Truman

Tim Bagley
Larry

Jerry Levine
Joe

Sara Rue
Joyce Adler

Lesley Ann Warren
Tina

Woody Harrelson
Nathan

Leslie Jordan
Beverley Leslie

Blythe Danner
Marilyn Truman

Eileen Brennan
Zandra

Charles C. Stevenson Jr.
Smitty

Rip Torn
Lionel Banks

Harry Connick, Jr.
Dr. Marvin 'Leo' Markus

Minnie Driver
Lorraine Finster

Jamie Kaler
Gary

Emily Rutherfurd
Joanne

Jon Fleming
Russell

Bobby Cannavale
Vince D'Angelo

Alec Baldwin
Malcolm Widmark

Mathew Botuchis
Dave

Bernadette Peters
Gin

tag: table

text: Family members[edit]

text: Grace's family[edit]

text:
Dr. Marvin "Leo" Markus, portrayed by actor and singer Harry Connick, Jr., is a Jewish doctor and Grace's husband from the fifth season. Leo meets Grace Adler in Central Park while she is on her way to be artificially inseminated with gay best friend Will's baby. After Will finds out that Leo and Grace are dating, they have their biggest fight of the entire series, in which Will tells Grace to move out. Thanks to Jack and Karen's meddling, they forgive each other and Will accepts Grace's relationship. In November, 2002, Grace and Leo are married at a spontaneous group ceremony in Central Park, which was supposed to be broadcast on The Today Show. It was later revealed in the storyline that the ceremony was not legal, but the two officially marry at a ceremony soon after. Leo and Grace's relationship was a constant source of tension between Will and Grace, although they eventually achieved a certain accord with each other – Leo even commenting to Will at one point that he considered himself essentially married to both of them due to his ability to accept their close relationship. Leo's true first name is Marvin, as revealed by his mother at their wedding reception. According to The Nation Magazine, this was the first time in television history that a Jewish protagonist character had married inside the faith.[1] Grace immediately realizes she does not know as much about Leo as she expected. Their marriage fails after less than two years, when Leo reveals that he had a one-night stand while working in Cambodia for Doctors Without Borders. Leo admits his affair to Will first. Will then refuses to help Leo break the news to Grace. After Leo comes clean about his affair, Grace briefly considers continuing their marriage, but quickly decides she wants a divorce. Leo reappears during season eight, a little over a year after the divorce in the storyline, in the episode "Love Is in the Airplane." In the episode, he and Grace have a sexual encounter on an airplane after coincidentally ending up on the same flight to London, though Leo was to continue to Thailand. The result is Grace's pregnancy, as discovered in the season eight episode "The Definition of Marriage". A couple of months later Grace meets Leo, with the intention of telling him that she is pregnant with his baby, but he informs her that he is engaged to another woman, Kate. Consequently, Grace decides not to tell Leo about the pregnancy. In the series finale (May 2006) Leo tells a heavily pregnant Grace that he loves her. Leo has a job as a hospital researcher in Rome, Italy, and this is where Grace gives birth. After one year in Rome, Leo and Grace move back to Brooklyn, New York, where they raise their daughter, Laila, together. 11 years later in season 9 it was revealed that this was part of Karen’s dream.
Bobbi Adler, Grace's mother, was played by Debbie Reynolds. Bobbi is an actress and singer, although her performances are generally with the Schenectady Players and involve gender changing roles, in plays such as "Death of a Salesperson", "The Music Person" and "Queen Lear". She has a constant desire to meddle in the love lives of her daughters, is the creator of the Adler family "Told you so" dance, and can always be relied upon to have a song for every occasion. She has, in the past, shown a perfect willingness for Will and Grace to get married. It is mentioned in Season 9 episode "Rosario's Quinceañera" that she died.
Martin Adler, Grace's father, played by Alan Arkin and Robert Klein in Season 9[2]. Portrayed by his family as the stereotypical Jewish patriarch, Martin shows genuine affection for Grace, although remarks he has made suggest Joyce is his favorite. He has been known to pinpoint Grace's flaws without looking up from his Kojak and Baretta reruns.
Janet Adler, Grace's older sister, is played by Geena Davis and Mary McCormack in Season 9. Janet lives in a van and designs jewelry. Her nickname for Grace is "Smudge". It is once implied that she has difficulties with her mother. In the episode "Lows in the Mid-Eighties", Will asks if Grace has another sister named Janet, to which Bobbi, Joyce, and Grace quickly answer "No!"
Joyce Adler, Grace's younger sister, is played by Sara Rue. It is suggested that Grace and Joyce had a not too friendly relationship growing up, and that Joyce was formerly a binge eater. She is often hostile to Grace, but one word from Will and she tends to giggle and act girlishly; it appears that she, like Grace before her, has a crush on Will.
Laila Markus, Grace and Leo's daughter, is played by Maria Thayer. Laila was conceived by Leo and Grace on an aircraft, during a period where her parents were divorced. She was going to be raised by Will and Grace, but her parents remarried shortly before her birth. She appears on screen only during the series finale.
Warren, played by Jesse Fremont Allis, is the imaginary son of Grace and Leo in a dream that Grace has during the last episode of season 8. Grace and Will raise 'their' son together.

tag: ul

text: Will's family[edit]

text:
Vince D'Angelo, played by Bobby Cannavale. An Italian-American police officer, Vince first met Will after giving Karen a ticket for speeding and they started dating after the subsequent hearing. Vince was friends with Joe and Larry and began Will's first long-term relationship in the series' run. Vince broke up with Will, requesting time alone after repeatedly losing his job. He re-encountered Will in season 8 and, during the funeral of Will's father, they acknowledged their mutual feelings, thus rekindling their romance. In the finale, Will and Vince are shown to raise a son, Ben, together. 11 years later in season 9 it was revealed that this was part of Karen’s dream.
Marilyn Truman, Will's mother, is played by Blythe Danner. A typical WASP, Marilyn regularly drinks, collects Lladró statues and treats them as if they were her children, and put up with her husband's regular affairs until their ultimate separation. She is not a fan of musical theater – once claiming that Les Misérables was unrealistic because "poor people don't sing that much" – but was impressed with Mamma Mia!. She does not like the jokes Grace and Karen make about Will's sexuality, saying, "Is that a gay joke? I don't like that."
George Truman, Will's father, is played by Sydney Pollack. While he and Will have a close loving relationship, of which both Jack and Grace are envious, it is eventually revealed that he had trouble dealing with telling others of his son's sexuality, initially telling his friends Will was married to Grace. He dies in season 8, only days after having a fight with Will in which he admitted he would rather that Will was not gay.
Sam Truman, Will's brother, is played by John Slattery in season one and Steven Weber in season 8. He had a falling-out with Will over comments Will made about his wife, but reconciled after he had a one-night stand with Grace. He eventually divorced his wife and gained full custody of their two children.
Paul Truman, Will's brother, is played by Jon Tenney. Paul never really came to terms with his brother's sexuality and often behaved like a childish bully, belittling and insulting Will.
Peggy Truman, Paul's wife and Will's sister-in-law, is played by Helen Slater. She was only shown in one episode and came off as waspish and suspicious of Grace's friendly behavior towards her own husband.
Tina, George's mistress, is played by Lesley Ann Warren. She began a relationship with George while he was still married to Marilyn, but was dismayed to learn that George was then seeing his ex-wife behind her back. Ultimately she and Marilyn come to an understanding, that they will share George between them without him knowing what is going on. This arrangement apparently ended not long before George's death.
Jordy Truman, Sam's son and Will's nephew, is played by Reed Alexander. Flamboyant Jordan incenses Will, since Marilyn is incredibly accepting of him even though she was not at first accepting of Will. His nickname is Jordy. He is perceived to be gay by the other characters, although he is still a child, because of his flamboyant nature, love of show tunes and musicals, along with his general disposition.
Casey Truman, Sam's daughter and Will's niece, is played by Kyla Dang. Casey was adopted by Sam and his ex-wife.
Ben Truman, Will and Vince's son, is played by Ben Newmark. Appearing only during the series finale, Ben was apparently born from a surrogate mother using Will's sperm.[3] Upon going to college, he meets and later marries Grace's daughter, Laila.

text: Karen's family[edit]

text:
Stanley "Stan" Walker, Karen's third husband (little is known about her first two), is a mostly unseen character. He is an obese man, and has worn a toupee since his teens. Stan has two children from a previous marriage to a woman named Kathy. Karen fell in love with him in the 1980s but they didn't marry until 1995. Stan was jailed for tax evasion in season four, and began an affair with a cafeteria worker named Lorraine (played by Minnie Driver), and – after his release in season five – continued the affair, ultimately separating from Karen because of it. He is reported to have died at the end of season five but, at the end of season seven, he reveals to Will that he had faked his own death and is hiding out with the aid of the government. He and Karen reconcile in season 8, but subsequently faced marital difficulties and divorce. Stan's popularity with fast food establishments leads to Pizza Hut taking out a full-page ad in the New York Times to congratulate him on his release from prison; Taco Bell also organize a flyover at his funeral. It is revealed in the series finale that Stan's riches were actually borrowed and that he had no real money of his own.
Mason Walker, Stan's son, is another unseen character. He is known to Karen as "the fat one". During one episode, Karen visits Mason during a swim try-out. She cheers and applauds and has a conversation with him until, at the end, she realizes she has been conversing with the wrong boy and not Mason after all.
Olivia Walker, Stan's daughter, is played by Hallee Hirsh. Although she has had fun times with Karen, such as sticking food to the floor to see how long Mason will spend trying to eat it, she also has problems with her stepmother.
Lois Whitley, Karen's mother, played by Suzanne Pleshette. A con artist who used Karen in her early schemes. They had been estranged for several years when they reconciled in season 4, with the help of Jack.
Virginia "Ginny" Delaney, Karen's sister, played by Bernadette Peters. In 1963, as a child, she was injured in a brutal game of Twister played with Karen.
Barry, Karen's cousin, is played by Dan Futterman. Originally a gay bookish homebody, Karen had Will and Jack bring him out of his shell to become an attractive person whom both Will and Jack fall for.
Sylvia Walker, Karen's mother-in-law, is played by Ellen Albertini Dow. She is a woman that 'strikes fear in her heart-facsimile'. A seemingly kind, but homophobic old woman, Sylvia appears in one episode to accompany Will and Jack to a club. In the beginning neither Will nor Jack wanted to babysit Sylvia, known as "Syl". She had been dumped on them by Karen, who then ditched her. Karen and Syl have a caustic relationship.
Sumner, Karen's nephew, is played by Paul Satterfield. Karen tries to keep him from dating Grace in season 3.

text: Rosario Inez Consuela Yolanda Salazar[edit]

text: Karen Walker's put-upon but faithful maid portrayed by actress Shelley Morrison. In 1985, Rosario met Karen Walker at a club, while working as a cigarette lady, and went to work for her as a maid, which was where she was working when the series began in 1998. Rosario and Karen are very close, but their relationship is love-hate. They are notorious for swapping insults. Rosario is just as feisty as Karen, and is one of the few people who manage to go head-to-head with her. A native of El Salvador, Rosario was a school teacher who received a bachelor's degree in clinical psychology from the University of Texas and who almost got a master's degree. She also attended business school. At some point, she moved to the Bronx, presumably while studying business; however, Karen makes a comment that she bought Rosario from Rosario's parents. While there, she also performed with a then-unknown Jennifer Lopez, including a production of "Tea for Two" at the Shalom Retirement Center. At one point, she was also paid to tape pornographic videos for Tommy Lee. Although she had been mentioned by Karen since the pilot episode, Rosario's first appearance was in the season 1 finale. Due to Karen's patronizing tone, we're made to think that Rosario doesn't speak English well. Rosario actually speaks English fluently, albeit with a thick accent, but is an illegal alien. To keep her in the country, Karen has her marry Jack McFarland, her gay friend, to get a green card. The marriage was later terminated at the end of season 2 when Rosario asked for a divorce in order to pursue other romantic interests. However, she maintained a close relationship with Jack (often echoing hers with Karen) and claimed to still think of him as family. In the series finale, Rosario was shown to have lived with Karen and Jack in the years after the show ended, growing older with them and possibly still working for them despite being in a wheelchair (though she states that she is only in the wheelchair due to a sprained ankle).

tag: p

text: Jack's family[edit]

text:
Judith McFarland, Jack's mother, is played by Veronica Cartwright. Despite the obvious clues, Judith did not learn about Jack's sexuality until he was 30. She was impregnated with Jack while at a swinger's costume and pool party.
Daniel McFarland, Jack's stepfather, is played by Beau Bridges. Daniel always had trouble relating to Jack, due to his own athleticism and Jack's lack thereof. Despite Jack's statements to the contrary, Daniel is shown to be a caring man who is at least recently trying to reconnect with Jack.
Joe Black, Jack's biological father. Never portrayed on screen, Joe was revealed to have attended a swingers costumed pool party during the 60s, where he was dressed as Richard Nixon. During the party he impregnated Judith, who was dressed as the rear end of a horse. He dies several years before Jack discovers that Daniel McFarland is not his biological father.
Elliott, Jack's son, is played by Michael Angarano. Shortly after learning of his biological father's death, Jack meets Elliott – his biological son created from sperm Jack donated at the age of 17. He is described by Will as, "Polite, sweet, and kind" which, he says, is the reason Karen initially dislikes him. His relationship with Jack is shown to be very close – Jack noting in one episode that he wants to avoid being the kind of father he had as he always regretted the fact that they never really connected. However, they have a brief rift when Elliott prepares to leave for college during the last season.
Bonnie, Elliott's mother, is played by Rosie O'Donnell. Initially, Bonnie did not want Jack to be included in Elliott's life. Bonnie was a lesbian, but was not open about her sexuality to Elliott. She felt jealous that Jack found it easy to be open with Elliott about his sexuality when she did not feel she could be.

text: Friends[edit]

text:
Rob and Ellen, Will and Grace's close friends, are played by Tom Gallop and Leigh-Allyn Baker. Ellen and Grace were best friends since college, as were Rob and Will, and the two couples regularly played charades and other games during dinner parties. Grace also sleeps with Rob in season one when they were both going through break-ups and felt emotionally vulnerable, a fact that didn't come up until Rob and Ellen's wedding some years later. The couple did get married, however, and have since had three children, the youngest named Roman (which is the name of Debra Messing's real-life son, born in 2004). Rob and Ellen want to separate, so that they could begin dating other people, and they announce their separation at a dinner date with Will and Grace. Grace makes them realize that they had worked at their marriage and they should remain together; and also keenly reminded them that no one else would have them. Rob and Ellen decided to give their marriage another chance.
Joe and Larry are Will, Jack and Grace's close friends, and are played by Jerry Levine and Tim Bagley. A gay couple, once party animals, Joe and Larry adopted a baby girl called Hannah in season three. Karen occasionally refers to them as "Mo and Mary", with "Mo" being a play on the word "Homo".
Val Bassett, a neighbor of Will and Grace, is played by Molly Shannon. Slightly unstable, and alcoholic, Val originally befriends only Will, until Grace eventually discovers some common interests with her. Both of them still consider her unstable, as does Jack, who found her as an uninvited guest in his bedroom. When Grace accidentally attends an AA meeting, she is seen there by Val, who coerces her to stay. Grace pretends to be an alcoholic for the "free food and therapy".
Beverley Leslie, played by Leslie Jordan, is an effeminate and very short "frenemy" of Karen's. Having a wealthy spouse, as Karen does, Karen and Beverley routinely find themselves traveling in the same society circle of the wealthy and elite. Their relationship is that of friends and enemies. Beverley's wife's name is Crystal and is considerably older than he is. His marriage seems to be held together purely out of his love of Crystal's money. Karen, Will, Grace, and Jack see Beverley as a closeted gay man. He is often seen with a younger attractive man named Benji who appears to be his lover, but Beverley tries to pass him off as a "business associate". When Beverley appears on screen he often catches the other characters by surprise. Sometimes his appearance comes after a character says something that could be comically associated with him. For instance, whilst discussing a dessert, Jack says, "I want something small and fruity, with ladyfingers," and Beverley enters. Beverley and Karen often trade insults, as Karen enjoys ridiculing him for his height. Whenever he appears on screen he can usually be heard saying 'Well, Well, Well' in an effeminate way. Crystal later dies and Beverley inherits the fortune. Some years later Karen's husband Stan loses his fortune, putting Karen's extravagant lifestyle in jeopardy. Beverley presumably spends several more years with Benji after Crystal's death, and then begins seeing a reluctant Jack, who only dated Beverley to support Karen's excessive spending habits, as she had done for him for so many years. During the series finale Beverley is swept off a balcony by a strong gust of wind and dies, leaving his estate in his will to Jack.
Rory, Toby, and Josh are friends of Jack who are never seen, but mentioned in various episodes. Early in Season 3 Rory is mentioned as being into Asian men. In Season 4 Josh, Toby and Jack watch a video of Will freezing up on camera talking about Stanley Walker, but Josh and Toby leave before Will gets home.

text: Love interests[edit]

text: Grace[edit]

text:
Nathan, played by Woody Harrelson. Nathan is Grace's neighbor in season 3, who becomes her boyfriend. They appear to be a good match, but early in Season 4 he abruptly proposes to her during sex and she becomes distraught at the unromantic nature of his proposal, forcing him to take it back and ask again in a more romantic way. For several days they are awkward around each other and, fearing that their relationship is over, Grace proposes to Nathan who reluctantly refuses and breaks up with her.
Ben Doucette, played by Gregory Hines, is introduced in mid-season 2. Grace sues him after he violates her contract of employment, firing her without reimbursement for expenses she incurred while decorating his house. Although at first he played Grace and Will, who was representing her, he eventually gave her the money voluntarily and hired Will to work at his renowned law firm. Grace and he disliked each other for the rest of the season, until the season finale when Ben showed her his more humane face, when Will invited him to dine with them. They then started a happy, semi-monogamous relationship that lasted for roughly six months, until they broke up early in Season 3 when they realized that they were not in love.
Josh, played by Corey Parker. A sweet, romantic New Age-y man whom Grace dates in season 2. Grace often has issues with him being far too affectionate and nice, to the point of being obnoxious. The two broke up because Jack confessed that he had slept with him.
Nick, played by Edward Burns. A greetings-card writer who falls for Grace when he meets her one Valentine's Day in season 7, after her divorce from Leo. Nick is the first guy Grace starts dating after her divorce with Leo. They decide to break up when he has to go out of the country to work on a screenplay he wrote.
Tom Cassidy, played by Eric Stoltz. An old friend of Grace's, now married, with whom she reunited briefly at the end of season 7. He asks her to help design his and his wife's hotel, yet she still feels chemistry with him and kisses him. She nearly takes it further, but feels guilty and breaks it off with him at the beginning of season 8.
Danny, played by Tom Verica, Grace's long-term boyfriend from roughly 1995–1998, whom she nearly marries in the pilot episode. She realizes, after Will advised her against the marriage, that Danny was too immature for her, and practically leaves him at the altar. They reunite at the end of season 1, much to Will's dismay. Yet again Grace decides that she does not love him and, after roughly a week (one episode), Grace breaks up with him off-screen.
Mark, played by Ken Marino, is another of Grace's partners in Season 3, "Three's a Crowd, Six is a Freakshow". She dumps him because he has 6 toes, although the actual 6th toe was not seen in the episode.

text: Will[edit]

text:
Barry, played by Dan Futterman. Karen sets up her hopeless cousin Barry with Will, shortly after he comes out. Will and Jack soon undertake a Pygmalion-esque attempt at turning Barry into a more confident gay man, ending when Will falls for Barry though Barry wants to play around before settling down.
James Hanson, played by Taye Diggs. Will meets James at a Manhattan theater and the two have an immediate connection. He later runs into James while on a trip to Los Angeles. James has recently discovered he is going to be deported back to Canada. Grace agreed to marry James so that he can acquire a green card in order to remain in the United States, thus giving James and Will's relationship a chance. However, Will soon discovers James was not who he thought he was, as James began showing himself to be self-centered. Will requests that Grace annul their marriage.
Matthew, played by Patrick Dempsey, is a sports reporter Will meets at a Banana Republic store while trying to help Jack woo him. Jack and Matt have little in common and Will instead finds himself in a relationship with him. They date for a while but Matt's refusal to come out leads to their break-up.
Scott, played by Branden Williams, is Will's 23-year-old date in two episodes in season 3, and works at a local video rental shop. Although they get along well together, Will feels self-conscious about dating Scott, who is quite a bit younger than he is. Will agrees to break it off with Scott if Grace agrees to dump Nathan. Grace agrees and Will breaks up with Scott, though Grace keeps on seeing Nathan.
Diane, played by Mira Sorvino & Lisa Borgnes, is a woman with whom Will has a drunken one-night stand in order to convince himself he was a 100% gay after leaving Grace. She is also one of Leo's exes. Both of these facts make Grace very jealous. Diane states that Will is much better in bed than Leo. Diane was shown briefly (though she had no lines) in the season 3 episode titled "Lows In the Mid-Eighties", but was played by a writer's assistant, Lisa Borgnes.
Claire, played by Megyn Price, is Will's high school friend and girlfriend, the first of the only two women Will has ever dated, the second being Grace. She lives in Paris and asks Will to donate sperm so that she can have a baby, but Will realizes that if he was going to donate sperm he wanted to donate it to Grace.
Michael, played by Chris Potter in season 2 and Cheyenne Jackson in season 9, is a mostly unseen character and is Will's lover of seven years. When the sitcom first appeared, he and Michael had recently broken up. Michael appears in the episode "Hey La, Hey La, My Ex-Boyfriend's Back", which aired on March 14, 2000. He is mentioned occasionally by Will and Grace, and more than once Will refers to him as the love of his life. In the early seasons of the show Will has a hard time letting him go. He and Will begin dating again in season 9, but Will ends ti when Michael asks for money.

text: Karen[edit]

text:
Lyle Finster, played by John Cleese. Lyle is the father of Stan's mistress, Lorraine. He becomes Karen's fourth husband for about 20 minutes until the couple realize how little they had in common outside of the bedroom.
Scott Woolley, played by Jeff Goldblum. Wooley is the man who lost to Karen for Student Body President and has spent his life hatching schemes to ruin her. Sadly, his schemes are often poorly thought out and eventually Grace realises that he doesn't hate Karen, he loves her. However, his attempts to woo her are as misguided as his previous ones. Woolley also has a dreadful sense of word-play (i.e. "The Scotty Mammoth", "Beam me up, Woolley"). He also changes his first name when using an alias, whereas most people change their last names.
Lionel Banks, played by Rip Torn. Banks is a bachelor who falls for Karen, under her alias Anastasia Beaverhausen, while Stan is in jail and tempts her into having an affair.
Malcolm Widmark, played by Alec Baldwin. Widmark is a government agent who helps Stan fake his death. He has a brief relationship with Karen before she reconciles with Stan, and Widmark goes on a government mission to Sri Lanka. Malcolm reappears in the final two episodes of season 9, where it is revealed that he and Karen go on a rendezvous trip every year. However, Malcolm is very tired of having to hide from Stan and pressures Karen into deciding between him and Stan. Though she is reluctant to change their situation and despite both of them being tempted to give in to each other, Karen decides to stay with Stan and she and Malcolm share an awkward goodbye.

text: Jack[edit]

text:
Stuart Lamarack, played by Dave Foley, is a client of Will's who becomes Jack's longest relationship, until Jack cheats on him.
Drew, played by Ryan Pinkston, is a police officer, Vince’s co-worker and Jack’s boyfriend for the second half of season 9. Jack meets him at Vince D’Angelo’s wedding in “The Wedding”. As Drew is the only cop at the wedding whose favourite show is “This is Us”, Jack concludes he must be gay and sleeps with him. This turns out to be the first gay experience for the formerly straight Drew, who reveals he is married, tells Jack he loves him and then introduces him to his wife Angela. Jack is annoyed at that revelation, but later comes to relish it and he and Drew go at it in the bathroom. In the next episode, Jack and Drew start seeing each other secretly and Jack, nervous about screwing things up too soon, advises a reluctant Drew to hold off on coming out to Angela for the time being. He even supports the alibi of them being just guy friends by having Karen pose as his wife. However, Karen, reminded of her mother’s unhappiness in her marriage, outs both Jack and Drew in front of Angela, who is surprisingly supportive and arranges a coming out party for Drew, much to Jack’s distress. Jack admits to Drew that he fears missing out on other great men in his life, but when Karen reminds him of his fear of being old and lonely, which is even worse, he decides to give Drew another chance. In “One Job”, after two months of dating, Drew breaks up with Jack, admitting he is not ready for a serious commitment at the moment and wants to see other people. Jack is devastated at the breakup, as he realises that he is now ready to settle down with someone.
Jack has countless short-term lovers over the course of the series (and presumably long before and after), although most are never mentioned by name, or mentioned at all; it is constantly assumed, and not always stated, that he has multiple boyfriends in every episode. Due to Jack's promiscuity, and his habit of forgetting his boyfriends' names, it would be literally impossible to list all of his love interests over the course of the show. Will jokes that if he was to avoid every man that Jack has ever slept with, "that would leave [him] with women." Grace jokes that if everyone stopped working for every man that broke his heart "the city would shut down." Jack also comments that he goes on thousands of dates a year.

text: Other supporting characters[edit]

text:
Lorraine Finster, played by Minnie Driver, is Stan's mistress. She is a slutty prison cafeteria worker (and, it is implied, prostitute) who instantly forms a hatred of Karen. She was Karen's stepdaughter very briefly (for about 20 minutes) when Lyle, her father, marries Karen. Lorraine was unable to attend the wedding due to an aggressive strain of herpes that kept her from flying. According to the episode "The Accidental Tsuris" she was raised as a girl, despite being genetically male or perhaps a hermaphrodite. It is implied she was estranged from her father for several years and may have been born out of wedlock.
Harlin Polk, played by Gary Grubbs, is a major client of Will's in season one who ultimately fires him.
Mrs. Freeman, played by Jo Marie Payton, is an executive assistant at Doucette & Stein, her most commonly uttered phrase is "Mm-hmm" which is often said with sass.
Zandra Zoggin, played by Eileen Brennan, is Jack's crusty acting coach and a chain-smoking former Hollywood star. After Jack takes over her class, Zandra loses her interest in life and ends up in an actor's retirement village.
Dr. Jay Markus, played by Tom Skerritt, is Leo's father and Grace's eventual father-in-law. She meets him during brunch, thinking he is one of Leo's "old friends".
Eleanor Markus, played by Judith Ivey, is Leo's mother and a noted author of three books on theatre; she meets Grace during brunch alongside her husband. She also is the first to tell her new daughter-in-law her son's actual name, Marvin.
Mr. Stein, played by Gene Wilder, is the senior partner at Will's firm, an eccentric man who takes a liking to Will. He refers to Will as "Gay Will," but without at first realising that Will is actually gay. He and Karen are attracted to each other, but nothing comes of it. He is away from the office for some time prior to season 5 due to a mental breakdown and subsequent incarceration in a mental facility; having been referred to in the company letter-head as running "The London Office" in his absence.
Margot, played by Lily Tomlin, is a senior partner at Will's firm, who apparently takes over after Mr. Stein. She is also quite eccentric and sarcastic. She promotes Will to partner.
Dorleen, played by Parker Posey, is Jack's bitchy, chain-smoking boss during his brief tenure at Barneys New York.
Mr. Zamir, played by Marshall Manesh, is an obnoxious tenant in Will and Grace's building, with a tendency to take off his shirt and to steal Will and Grace's newspapers.
Benji, played by Brian A. Setzer, is Beverley Leslie's "business associate" and boytoy.
Joanne, played by Emily Rutherfurd, is a student of Zandra's acting class who becomes a devoted follower of Jack and his "McFarland method".
Russell, played by Jon Fleming, is a handsome, muscular student of Zandra's acting class who is often asked by Jack to take his shirt off when Jack is teaching the "McFarland method".
Julius, played by Neil Vipond, is Bobbi Adler's close friend and a pianist.
Gary, played by Jamie Kaler, is Will's coworker at Doucette and Stein.
Nurse Sheila, played by Laura Kightlinger, is a rather creepy nurse who works at the sperm bank (where Will visits, intending to donate sperm to his high-school friend Claire). She openly admits she is a whore in season 4 (when Will and Grace are planning to have a baby together), and thereafter seems to appear whenever Will goes into a hospital. She is pregnant in season 8 and attends birth-classes alongside Grace. Her brother, a doctor played by guest-star Jack Black (Kightlinger's real-life former boyfriend), claims he would be "tappin' that big time" if they weren't related.
Dave, played by Mathew Botuchis, is the only openly straight worker at OutTV, the gay network where Jack works in the last seasons. Jack is unimpressed with his heterosexuality and instead refers to him as Elizabeth.
Jamie, played by John Ducey, is the station manager at OutTV.
Tim, played by Mark Harelik, is a member of Senior Management at OutTV.
Jimmy, played by Sam Pancake, is a colleague of Jack's at OutTV.
Smitty, played by Charles C. Stevenson Jr, is a bartender who regularly serves Karen at different establishments. She has been known to call other bartenders "Smitty", even when they tell her it isn't their name. If Karen is depressed Smitty will tell her a tragic story about his own life, which she will laugh at thinking it is a joke.

text: Guest stars playing one-time characters[edit]

text:
Shohreh Aghdashloo, as Pam, an incompetent Iranian hired by Grace who she then fires upon realizing Pam is Jewish and thus she 'doesn't owe (her) anything'.
Rosanna Arquette, as Julie, a masseuse who lives in the same building as Leo and Grace.
Orson Bean, as Professor Joseph Dudley, a gay former literature professor of Will and Grace.
Jason Biggs, as Baby Glenn, a former local celebrity and a guest at Will's auction.
Roscoe Lee Browne, as Linus, owner of a landmark gay bookstore about to be turned into a gym.
Jack Black (uncredited), as Dr. Isaac Hershberg. He examines Karen and is also the brother of the occasionally seen nurse Sheila, played by show writer and Black's girlfriend at the time, Laura Kightlinger.
Richard Chamberlain, as Clyde, an elderly man who Will brings to game night, much to Grace's chagrin
Glenn Close, as Fannie Lieber (a play on celebrity photographer Annie Leibovitz), a noted photographer who takes Will and Grace's picture.
Joan Collins, as Helena Barnes, a designer with whom Grace competes for a job, and a nemesis of Karen's.
Macaulay Culkin, as Jason Towne, a lawyer representing Karen in her divorce from Stan.
Tim Curry, as Marion Finster, Lyle Finster's brother.
Matt Damon, as Owen, Jack's heterosexual rival, pretending to be gay to vie for a spot in the Manhattan Gay Men's Chorus.
Kristin Davis, as Nadine, Vince's straight female friend – the same as Grace is to Will.
Ellen DeGeneres, as Sister Louise, a nun to whom Will sells Grace's uncle's old car.
Michael Douglas, as Gavin Hatch, a somewhat closeted gay police detective who becomes attracted to Will and has issues with seeing food stuck in people's teeth.
Christine Ebersole, as Candy Pruitt, another of Karen's rivals.
Edie Falco, as Deirdre, one of a pair of lesbian real-estate "flippers".
Victor Garber, as Peter Bovington, a former actor now working as a doorman.
Andy García, as Milo, a restaurateur, and lover of Karen's, who fails to phone Karen after their date and is confronted by Grace.
Sara Gilbert, as Cheryl who, like Will, is a Barry Manilow fanatic, a.k.a. "fanilow".
Seth Green, as Randall Finn, a former child star.
Clark Gregg, as Cameron, Jack's wealthy boyfriend who becomes Grace's client.
Neil Patrick Harris, as Bill, the leader of a group of so-called "former" lesbians and gays.
Alex Kapp Horner, as Alice Robinson, one of Grace's former classmates.
Peter Jacobson, as Paul Budnik, an overbearing guy who Will dates but is more fond of his dog.
Kathryn Joosten, as the owner to a cabin Grace finds money in.
Stacy Keach, as Wendell Schacter, a former colleague of Jack's who usurps his acting class.

Piper Laurie, as Sharon Timmers, the best friend of Professor Joseph Dudley.
Michele Lee, as Lucille, one of the lesbians who ended up dancing with both Will & Jack.
Hal Linden, as Alan Mills, an elderly gay man who befriends Will and bestows expensive gifts upon him.
Natasha Lyonne, as Gillian, Grace's intern who decides to turn into the spitting image of Karen.
Madonna, as Liz, Karen's roommate.
Lee Majors, as Burt Wolfe, a friend of Grace's father.
Camryn Manheim, as Psychic Sue.
Jason Marsden, as Kim, a friend of Leo's.
Dylan McDermott, as Tom, a boyfriend of Will's who is very closely attached to his elderly mother.
Michael McDonald, as a Don, a student in a cooking class Will takes and dates his brother.
Julian McMahon, guy in an elevator who Grace flirts with.
Demi Moore, as Sissy, Jack's former babysitter.
Nick Offerman, as a plumber that Karen has sex with on Thanksgiving when Stan asks her to be sexually active while he is still in jail.
Offerman appeared in season 9 as Jackson Boudreaux, a celebrity chef who meets Will and Grace at a cooking class, and begins a sexual relationship with both of them.
Sharon Osbourne, as a bartender in No Sex N' in the City.
Peter Paige, as a gay Immigration and Naturalization Service officer whom Jack tries to convince his marriage with Rosario is real.
Scott Patterson, as Grace's former high school crush in "Das Boob".
Sara Paxton, as Melanie, the head cheerleader at Elliot's school.
Luke Perry, as Aaron, a "hot gay nerd" bird-watcher on whom Jack develops a crush.
Jeremy Piven, as Nicholas, Grace's ex. who asks Grace if she wants to join him in a threesome with his current lover.
Chita Rivera, as Lenore, one of the lesbians who ended up dancing with Will & Jack.
Brandon Routh, as Sebastian, a stud whom Alan Mills replaces Will with, after the two have a falling out over Will's misinterpretation of their relationship.
Chloë Sevigny, as Monet, a wealthy bisexual real-estate agent who falls for Will.
Nicollette Sheridan, as Dr. Danielle Morty, a fellow doctor who wanted Leo sexually.
Jamie-Lynn Sigler, as Ro, Vince's lesbian sister.
Britney Spears, as Amber Louise, a conservative Christian and a "hardcore lesbian" as she describes herself, and a co-host to Jack on his talk show.
Wendie Jo Sperber, as April, Grace's short-lived housekeeper.
Sharon Stone, as Georgia Keller, Will and Grace's therapist.
Larry Sullivan, as Robert, Will's ballet dancing boyfriend on the holiday episode "Jingle Balls".
Wanda Sykes, as Cricket, a woman Karen offers to pay to deliver a child for her.
Tamlyn Tomita, as Naomi, half of the couple that takes Will and Grace out all night.
Rip Torn, as Lionel Banks, a man with whom Karen almost cheats on Stan with during his incarceration.
Stuart Townsend, as Edward, Karen's pansexual pastry chef, who ends up "sexing" Will, Karen, and Rosario.
Tracey Ullman, as Anne, the instructor of a couples cooking class that Will, Jack, and Jack's boyfriend Stuart attend.
Steve Valentine, as Kai, half of the couple that takes Will and Grace out all night.
Steven Weber, as Will's brother Sam.

text: Guest stars playing themselves[edit]

text:
Kevin Bacon
Candice Bergen
Sandra Bernhard
Cher
Katie Couric
John Edward
Jennifer Lopez

Rudy Galindo
Hall & Oates
Deborah Harry
Janet Jackson
Elton John
James Earl Jones

Matt Lauer
Stone Phillips
Josh Lucas
Patti LuPone
Barry Manilow
Martina Navratilova

Bebe Neuwirth
Al Roker
George Takei
Rip Taylor


document_title: Ballon d'Or

question_text: who has the highest number of ballon d'or

text: Ballon d'Or

text: History

text: Stanley Matthews of Blackpool was the inaugural winner of the Ballon d'Or.[4] Prior to 1995, the award was often known in English language media as the European Footballer of the Year award. Milan's George Weah, the only African recipient, became the first non-European to win the award in the year the rules of eligibility were changed.[2] Ronaldo of Internazionale became the first South American winner two years later.[2] Lionel Messi and Cristiano Ronaldo have won the award a record five times. Three players have won the award three times each: Johan Cruyff of Ajax and Barcelona, Michel Platini of Juventus and Marco van Basten of Milan. With seven awards each, Dutch and German players won the most Ballons d'Or. Spanish club Barcelona has the most winners, with 11 wins.[5]

text: Between 2010 and 2015 inclusive the award was merged with a similar award, the FIFA World Player of the Year award, to create the FIFA Ballon d'Or, which was awarded to the world's best male player, before FIFA and France Football broke the merging agreement.[6] After 2011, UEFA created the UEFA Best Player in Europe Award to maintain the format of the original Ballon d'Or.[7]

text: Eight players (Bobby Charlton, Franz Beckenbauer, Gerd Müller, Paolo Rossi, Zinedine Zidane, Rivaldo, Ronaldinho and Kaká) have won the FIFA World Cup, the European Cup/UEFA Champions League and the Ballon d'Or during their career.[8]

text: Winners

text:
Key

Indicates player also won the FIFA World Player of the Year (1991–2009) or The Best FIFA Men's Player (2016–) in the same year

text:
Year
Rank
Player
Team
Points

Ballon d'Or (1956–2009)

1956
1st
 Stanley Matthews
 Blackpool
47

2nd
 Alfredo Di Stéfano
 Real Madrid
44

3rd
 Raymond Kopa
 Real Madrid
33

1957
1st
 Alfredo Di Stéfano[note 1]
 Real Madrid
72

2nd
 Billy Wright
 Wolverhampton Wanderers
19

3rd
 Duncan Edwards
 Manchester United
16

 Raymond Kopa
 Real Madrid

1958
1st
 Raymond Kopa
 Real Madrid
71

2nd
 Helmut Rahn
 Rot-Weiss Essen
40

3rd
 Just Fontaine
 Stade de Reims
23

1959
1st
 Alfredo Di Stéfano
 Real Madrid
80

2nd
 Raymond Kopa
 Real Madrid
42

3rd
 John Charles
 Juventus
24

1960
1st
 Luis Suárez
 Barcelona
54

2nd
 Ferenc Puskás
 Real Madrid
37

3rd
 Uwe Seeler
 Hamburg
33

1961
1st
 Omar Sívori[note 2]
 Juventus
46

2nd
 Luis Suárez
 Internazionale
40

3rd
 Johnny Haynes
 Fulham
22

1962
1st
 Josef Masopust
 Dukla Prague
65

2nd
 Eusébio
 Benfica
53

3rd
 Karl-Heinz Schnellinger
 Köln
33

1963
1st
 Lev Yashin
 Dynamo Moscow
73

2nd
 Gianni Rivera
 Milan
53

3rd
 Jimmy Greaves
 Tottenham Hotspur
33

1964
1st
 Denis Law
 Manchester United
61

2nd
 Luis Suárez
 Internazionale
43

3rd
 Amancio
 Real Madrid
38

1965
1st
 Eusébio
 Benfica
67

2nd
 Giacinto Facchetti
 Internazionale
59

3rd
 Luis Suárez
 Internazionale
45

1966
1st
 Bobby Charlton
 Manchester United
81

2nd
 Eusébio
 Benfica
80

3rd
 Franz Beckenbauer
 Bayern Munich
59

1967
1st
 Flórián Albert
 Ferencváros
68

2nd
 Bobby Charlton
 Manchester United
40

3rd
 Jimmy Johnstone
 Celtic
39

1968
1st
 George Best
 Manchester United
61

2nd
 Bobby Charlton
 Manchester United
53

3rd
 Dragan Džajić
 Red Star Belgrade
46

1969
1st
 Gianni Rivera
 Milan
83

2nd
 Luigi Riva
 Cagliari
79

3rd
 Gerd Müller
 Bayern Munich
38

1970
1st
 Gerd Müller
 Bayern Munich
77

2nd
 Bobby Moore
 West Ham United
70

3rd
 Luigi Riva
 Cagliari
65

1971
1st
 Johan Cruyff
 Ajax
116

2nd
 Sandro Mazzola
 Internazionale
57

3rd
 George Best
 Manchester United
56

1972
1st
 Franz Beckenbauer
 Bayern Munich
81

2nd
 Gerd Müller
 Bayern Munich
79

 Günter Netzer
 Borussia Mönchengladbach

1973
1st
 Johan Cruyff[note 3]
 Barcelona
96

2nd
 Dino Zoff
 Juventus
47

3rd
 Gerd Müller
 Bayern Munich
44

1974
1st
 Johan Cruyff
 Barcelona
116

2nd
 Franz Beckenbauer
 Bayern Munich
105

3rd
 Kazimierz Deyna
 Legia Warsaw
35

1975
1st
 Oleg Blokhin
 Dynamo Kyiv
122

2nd
 Franz Beckenbauer
 Bayern Munich
42

3rd
 Johan Cruyff
 Barcelona
27

1976
1st
 Franz Beckenbauer
 Bayern Munich
91

2nd
 Rob Rensenbrink
 Anderlecht
75

3rd
 Ivo Viktor
 Dukla Prague
52

1977
1st
 Allan Simonsen
 Borussia Mönchengladbach
74

2nd
 Kevin Keegan[note 4]
 Hamburg
71

3rd
 Michel Platini
 Nancy
70

1978
1st
 Kevin Keegan
 Hamburg
87

2nd
 Hans Krankl
 Barcelona
81

3rd
 Rob Rensenbrink
 Anderlecht
50

1979
1st
 Kevin Keegan
 Hamburg
118

2nd
 Karl-Heinz Rummenigge
 Bayern Munich
52

3rd
 Ruud Krol
 Ajax
41

1980
1st
 Karl-Heinz Rummenigge
 Bayern Munich
122

2nd
 Bernd Schuster
 Barcelona
34

3rd
 Michel Platini
 Saint-Étienne
33

1981
1st
 Karl-Heinz Rummenigge
 Bayern Munich
106

2nd
 Paul Breitner
 Bayern Munich
64

3rd
 Bernd Schuster
 Barcelona
39

1982
1st
 Paolo Rossi
 Juventus
115

2nd
 Alain Giresse
 Bordeaux
64

3rd
 Zbigniew Boniek
 Juventus
39

1983
1st
 Michel Platini
 Juventus
110

2nd
 Kenny Dalglish
 Liverpool
26

3rd
 Allan Simonsen
 Vejle
25

1984
1st
 Michel Platini
 Juventus
110

2nd
 Jean Tigana
 Bordeaux
57

3rd
 Preben Elkjær
 Hellas Verona
48

1985
1st
 Michel Platini
 Juventus
127

2nd
 Preben Elkjær
 Hellas Verona
71

3rd
 Bernd Schuster
 Barcelona
46

1986
1st
 Igor Belanov
 Dynamo Kyiv
84

2nd
 Gary Lineker[note 5]
 Barcelona
62

3rd
 Emilio Butragueño
 Real Madrid
59

1987
1st
 Ruud Gullit[note 6]
 Milan
106

2nd
 Paulo Futre[note 7]
 Atlético Madrid
91

3rd
 Emilio Butragueño
 Real Madrid
61

1988
1st
 Marco van Basten
 Milan
129

2nd
 Ruud Gullit
 Milan
88

3rd
 Frank Rijkaard[note 8]
 Milan
45

1989
1st
 Marco van Basten
 Milan
129

2nd
 Franco Baresi
 Milan
80

3rd
 Frank Rijkaard
 Milan
43

1990
1st
 Lothar Matthäus
 Internazionale
137

2nd
 Salvatore Schillaci
 Juventus
84

3rd
 Andreas Brehme
 Internazionale
68

1991
1st
 Jean-Pierre Papin
 Marseille
141

2nd
 Dejan Savićević
 Red Star Belgrade
42

 Darko Pančev
 Red Star Belgrade

 Lothar Matthäus
 Internazionale

1992
1st
 Marco van Basten
 Milan
98

2nd
 Hristo Stoichkov
 Barcelona
80

3rd
 Dennis Bergkamp
 Ajax
53

1993
1st
 Roberto Baggio
 Juventus
142

2nd
 Dennis Bergkamp
 Internazionale
83

3rd
 Eric Cantona
 Manchester United
34

1994
1st
 Hristo Stoichkov
 Barcelona
210

2nd
 Roberto Baggio
 Juventus
136

3rd
 Paolo Maldini
 Milan
109

1995
1st
 George Weah[note 9]
 Milan
144

2nd
 Jürgen Klinsmann
 Bayern Munich
108

3rd
 Jari Litmanen
 Ajax
67

1996
1st
 Matthias Sammer
 Borussia Dortmund
144

2nd
 Ronaldo[note 10]
 Barcelona
143

3rd
 Alan Shearer
 Newcastle United
107

1997
1st
 Ronaldo[note 11]
 Internazionale
222

2nd
 Predrag Mijatović
 Real Madrid
68

3rd
 Zinedine Zidane
 Juventus
63

1998
1st
 Zinedine Zidane
 Juventus
244

2nd
 Davor Šuker
 Real Madrid
68

3rd
 Ronaldo
 Internazionale
66

1999
1st
 Rivaldo
 Barcelona
219

2nd
 David Beckham
 Manchester United
154

3rd
 Andriy Shevchenko
 Milan
64

2000
1st
 Luís Figo[note 12]
 Real Madrid
197

2nd
 Zinedine Zidane
 Juventus
181

3rd
 Andriy Shevchenko
 Milan
85

2001
1st
 Michael Owen
 Liverpool
176

2nd
 Raúl
 Real Madrid
140

3rd
 Oliver Kahn
 Bayern Munich
114

2002
1st
 Ronaldo[note 13]
 Real Madrid
169

2nd
 Roberto Carlos
 Real Madrid
145

3rd
 Oliver Kahn
 Bayern Munich
110

2003
1st
 Pavel Nedvěd
 Juventus
190

2nd
 Thierry Henry
 Arsenal
128

3rd
 Paolo Maldini
 Milan
123

2004
1st
 Andriy Shevchenko
 Milan
175

2nd
 Deco[note 14]
 Barcelona
139

3rd
 Ronaldinho
 Barcelona
133

2005
1st
 Ronaldinho
 Barcelona
225

2nd
 Frank Lampard
 Chelsea
148

3rd
 Steven Gerrard
 Liverpool
142

2006
1st
 Fabio Cannavaro[note 15]
 Real Madrid
173

2nd
 Gianluigi Buffon
 Juventus
124

3rd
 Thierry Henry
 Arsenal
121

2007
1st
 Kaká
 Milan
444

2nd
 Cristiano Ronaldo
 Manchester United
277

3rd
 Lionel Messi
 Barcelona
255

2008
1st
 Cristiano Ronaldo
 Manchester United
446

2nd
 Lionel Messi
 Barcelona
281

3rd
 Fernando Torres
 Liverpool
179

2009
1st
 Lionel Messi
 Barcelona
473

2nd
 Cristiano Ronaldo[note 16]
 Real Madrid
233

3rd
 Xavi
 Barcelona
170

FIFA Ballon d'Or (2010–2015)

2010
1st
 Lionel Messi
 Barcelona
22.65%

2nd
 Andrés Iniesta
 Barcelona
17.36%

3rd
 Xavi
 Barcelona
16.48%

2011
1st
 Lionel Messi
 Barcelona
47.88%

2nd
 Cristiano Ronaldo
 Real Madrid
21.60%

3rd
 Xavi
 Barcelona
9.23%

2012
1st
 Lionel Messi
 Barcelona
41.60%

2nd
 Cristiano Ronaldo
 Real Madrid
23.68%

3rd
 Andrés Iniesta
 Barcelona
10.91%

2013
1st
 Cristiano Ronaldo
 Real Madrid
27.99%

2nd
 Lionel Messi
 Barcelona
24.72%

3rd
 Franck Ribéry
 Bayern Munich
23.36%

2014
1st
 Cristiano Ronaldo
 Real Madrid
37.66%

2nd
 Lionel Messi
 Barcelona
15.76%

3rd
 Manuel Neuer
 Bayern Munich
15.72%

2015
1st
 Lionel Messi
 Barcelona
41.33%

2nd
 Cristiano Ronaldo
 Real Madrid
27.76%

3rd
 Neymar
 Barcelona
7.86%

Ballon d'Or (2016–present)

2016
1st
 Cristiano Ronaldo
 Real Madrid
745

2nd
 Lionel Messi
 Barcelona
316

3rd
 Antoine Griezmann
 Atlético Madrid
198

2017
1st
 Cristiano Ronaldo
 Real Madrid
946

2nd
 Lionel Messi
 Barcelona
670

3rd
 Neymar[note 17]
 Paris Saint-Germain
361

text: Wins by player

text: One-time winners are only included if they have also finished 2nd or 3rd in another year.

text:
Player
1st
2nd
3rd

 Lionel Messi[note 18]
5 (2009, 2010, 2011, 2012, 2015)
5 (2008, 2013, 2014, 2016, 2017)
1 (2007)

 Cristiano Ronaldo[note 19]
5 (2008, 2013, 2014, 2016, 2017)
5 (2007, 2009, 2011, 2012, 2015)
—

 Michel Platini
3 (1983, 1984, 1985)
—
2 (1977, 1980)

 Johan Cruyff
3 (1971, 1973, 1974)
—
1 (1975)

 Marco van Basten
3 (1988, 1989, 1992)
—
—

 Franz Beckenbauer
2 (1972, 1976)
2 (1974, 1975)
1 (1966)

 Ronaldo
2 (1997, 2002)
1 (1996)
1 (1998)

 Alfredo Di Stéfano
2 (1957, 1959)
1 (1956)
—

 Kevin Keegan
2 (1978, 1979)
1 (1977)
—

 Karl-Heinz Rummenigge
2 (1980, 1981)
1 (1979)
—

 Luis Suárez
1 (1960)
2 (1961, 1964)
1 (1965)

 Eusébio
1 (1965)
2 (1962, 1966)
—

 Bobby Charlton
1 (1966)
2 (1967, 1968)
—

 Raymond Kopa
1 (1958)
1 (1959)
2 (1956, 1957)

 Gerd Müller
1 (1970)
1 (1972)
2 (1969, 1973)

 Zinedine Zidane
1 (1998)
1 (2000)
1 (1997)

 Gianni Rivera
1 (1969)
1 (1963)
—

 Ruud Gullit
1 (1987)
1 (1988)
—

 Lothar Matthäus
1 (1990)
1 (1991)
—

 Roberto Baggio
1 (1993)
1 (1994)
—

 Hristo Stoichkov
1 (1994)
1 (1992)
—

 Andriy Shevchenko
1 (2004)
—
2 (1999, 2000)

 George Best
1 (1968)
—
1 (1971)

 Allan Simonsen
1 (1977)
—
1 (1983)

 Ronaldinho
1 (2005)
—
1 (2004)

text: Wins by country

text:
Country
Players
Total

 Germany
5
7

 Netherlands
3
7

 Portugal
3
7

 France
4
6

 Italy
5
5

 Brazil
4
5

 England
4
5

 Argentina
1
5

 Soviet Union
3
3

 Spain
2
3

 Czech Republic
1
1

 Czechoslovakia
1
1

 Bulgaria
1
1

 Denmark
1
1

 Hungary
1
1

 Liberia
1
1

 Northern Ireland
1
1

 Scotland
1
1

 Ukraine
1
1

text: Wins by club

text:
Club
Players
Total

 Barcelona
6
11

 Real Madrid
6
10

 Juventus
6
8

 Milan
6
8

 Bayern Munich
3
5

 Manchester United
4
4

 Dynamo Kyiv
2
2

 Internazionale
2
2

 Hamburg
1
2

 Ajax
1
1

 Benfica
1
1

 Blackpool
1
1

 Borussia Dortmund
1
1

 Borussia Mönchengladbach
1
1

 Dukla Prague
1
1

 Dynamo Moscow
1
1

 Ferencváros
1
1

 Liverpool
1
1

 Marseille
1
1

text: Additional awards

text: A special Ballon d'Or, under the name Super Ballon d'Or, was awarded to Alfredo Di Stéfano in 1989, after he surpassed Johan Cruyff and Michel Platini in France Football's voting.[11] A decade later, France Football elected Pelé the Football Player of the Century after consulting their former Ballon d'Or recipients. Among the 34 previous winners, 30 cast their votes; Stanley Matthews, Omar Sívori and George Best abstained, and Lev Yashin had died. Each voter was allotted five votes worth up to five points; however, Di Stéfano only chose a first place, Platini a first and second place, and George Weah two players for fifth place. Pelé was named the greatest by 17 voters, receiving almost double the number of points earned by the runner-up, Diego Maradona.[12]

text:
Football Player of the Century

Player
Pts
1st
2nd
3rd
4th
5th

 Pelé (BRA)
122
17
5
4
2
1

 Diego Maradona (ARG)
65
3
6
5
5
1

 Johan Cruyff (NED)
62
1
4
7
9
2

 Alfredo Di Stéfano (ESP)
44
4
3
3
1
1

 Michel Platini (FRA)
40
1
5
1
3
6

text: To coincide with the 60th anniversary of the Ballon d'Or in 2016, France Football published a reevaluation of the awards presented before 1995, when only European players were eligible to win the award. 12 out of the 39 Ballons d'Or presented during this time period would have been awarded to South American players; in addition to Pelé and Diego Maradona, Garrincha, Mario Kempes, and Romário were retrospectively recognized as worthy winners. The original recipients, however, remain unchanged.[13] Maradona and Pelé received honorary Ballons d'Or for their services to football in 1996 and 2013, respectively.[14][15]

text:
Le nouveau palmarès (the new winners)

Year
Original
Alternative

1958
 Raymond Kopa (FRA)
 Pelé (BRA)

1959
 Alfredo Di Stéfano (ESP)
 Pelé (BRA)

1960
 Luis Suárez (ESP)
 Pelé (BRA)

1961
 Omar Sívori (ITA)
 Pelé (BRA)

1962
 Josef Masopust (TCH)
 Garrincha (BRA)

1963
 Lev Yashin (URS)
 Pelé (BRA)

1964
 Denis Law (SCO)
 Pelé (BRA)

1970
 Gerd Müller (FRG)
 Pelé (BRA)

1978
 Kevin Keegan (ENG)
 Mario Kempes (ARG)

1986
 Igor Belanov (URS)
 Diego Maradona (ARG)

1990
 Lothar Matthäus (GER)
 Diego Maradona (ARG)

1994
 Hristo Stoichkov (BUL)
 Romário (BRA)


document_title: Everything, Everything (novel)

question_text: what is the moms name in everything everything

text: Everything, Everything (novel)

text: Plot[edit]

text: The story follows 18-year-old Madeline "Maddy" Whittier, who is being treated by her mother for severe combined immunodeficiency (SCID), and therefore is not allowed to leave her house or interact with anything that has not been "sanitized". Her world consists of her mother Pauline, her nurse Carla, and the books she immerses herself in; with her father and brother having died a long time ago. A family moves in next door and Maddy watches them from the window. Olly, the son, befriends her and the two begin to message each other online. She also notices that Olly's father is abusive and that his sister has a smoking problem.

text: One day, Carla sneaks Olly into Maddy's house, and the two meet face to face for the first time. They begin meeting in Maddy's house regularly, and at one point Maddy even goes outside for a few seconds. When her mother discovers Maddy has been secretly meeting Olly, she fires Carla and bans Maddy from ever seeing Olly again, but they continue secretly texting. Olly and Maddy decide to go to Hawaii together, which is the last place Maddy believes she had a "normal family." However, Olly only agrees to go after Maddy lies and tells him that she is on a new medicine that will keep her from getting sick.

text: The two go to Hawaii, explore the country and just be blissful for a day. The next day, Maddy has to be taken to a hospital because she begins to feel extremely sick. Her heart stops, but only for a moment.

text: Luckily, Maddy's mother was already on her way to Hawaii and brings her home. Maddy stops emailing Olly as she doesn't want to miss the outside world. A month later Maddy sees Olly, his sister, and his mother, all loading their belongings into a moving van while their father is at work, escaping his tyranny.

text: Two months after Hawaii, Maddy gets a letter from the doctor who treated her after she got sick, and in the note, the doctor says that Maddy does not have SCID, and she got sick because she had spent her whole life inside and has never formed a natural immunity. The doctor blames myocarditis as the reason for Maddy's heart stopping. Maddy, angry and panicked, searches her mother's medical files but does not find the test results or doctor's notes that would confirm she had SCID. Instead, she finds some notes her mother wrote and a few articles about SCID from the internet. She confronts her mother, who breaks down and indirectly admits she does not have SCID. Maddy tells Carla, and Carla says she always suspected that.

text: Maddy's mother reveals that right after Maddy's father (a police officer) and her brother died, Maddy got very sick, and her mother, not wanting to lose her, decided she had SCID, and needed to be kept away from the world. In the end, Maddy and Olly happily reunite in New York, where she sent him on a mini scavenger hunt in a used bookstore.

text: Reception[edit]

text: A reviewer for The Guardian wrote about the book: "The way the author describes Madeline's world using such beautiful imagery makes the reader appreciate the little things in life".[4]

text: Film adaptation[edit]

text: The novel was adapted into a feature film. In July 2016, it was announced that Amandla Stenberg would play Madeline Whittier and Nick Robinson would play opposite Stenberg as Olly. Stella Meghie directed the film, and J. Mills Goodloe wrote the script.[5] In February 2017, Warner Bros. debuted the trailer.[6] The film was released on May 19, 2017.