document_title: Television in India

question_text: when was the first tv invented in india

question_tokens: when was the first tv invented in india

text: Television in India

text: History[edit]

text: This section does not cite any sources. Please help improve this section by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. (December 2016) (Learn how and when to remove this template message)

text: In January 1950, The Indian Express reported that a television was put up for demonstration at an exhibition in the Teynampet locality of Madras (now Chennai) by B. Sivakumaran, a student of electrical engineering. A letter was scanned and its image displayed on a cathode ray tube screen. The report said that "[i]t may be this is not the whole of television but it is certainly the most significant link in the system" and added that the demonstration of the sort could be the "first in India".[5]

text: SITE was an important step taken by India to use television for development. The programmes were mainly produced by Doordarshan which was then a part of AIR. The telecasts happened twice a day, in the morning and evening. Other than agricultural information, health and family planning were the other important topics dealt with in these programmes. Entertainment was also included in these telecasts in the form of dance, music, drama, folk and rural art forms. Television services were separated from radio in 1976. National telecasts were introduced in 1982. In the same year, color TV was introduced in the Indian market. Indian small screen programming started off in the early 1980s. At that time there was only one national channel Doordarshan, which was government owned. The Ramayana and Mahabharata (both Indian spiritual epics) were the first major television series produced. This serial notched up the world record in viewership numbers for a single program. By the late 1980s more and more people started to own television sets. Though there was a single channel, television programming had reached saturation. Hence the government opened up another channel which had part national programming and part regional. This channel was known as DD 2 later DD Metro. Both channels were broadcast terrestrially. In 1997, Prasar Bharati, a statutory autonomous body was established. Doordarshan along with AIR was converted into government corporations under Prasar Bharati. The Prasar Bharati Corporation was established to serve as the public service broadcaster of the country which would achieve its objectives through AIR and DD. This was a step towards greater autonomy for Doordarshan and AIR. However, Prasar Bharati has not succeeded in shielding Doordarshan from government control.

text: PAS-1 and PAS-4 are satellites whose transponders help in the telecasting of DD programs in half the regions of the world. An international channel called DD International was started in 1995 and it telecasts programs for 19 hours a day to foreign countries-via PAS-4 to Europe, Asia and Africa, and via PAS-1 to North America.

text: TV Programs: The eighties was the era of Doordarshan with shows like Hum Log (1984), Wagle Ki Duniya (1988), Buniyaad (1986–87) and comedy shows like Yeh Jo Hai Zindagi (1984), Mythological dramas like Ramayan (1987–88) and Mahabharat (1989–90) glued millions to Doordarshan and later on Chandrakanta. Hindi film songs based programs like Chitrahaar, Rangoli, Superhit Muqabla crime thrillers like Karamchand, Byomkesh Bakshi. Shows targeted at children include Divyanshu ki Kahaniyan, Vikram Betal, Malgudi Days, Tenali Rama.

text: It is also noted that Prabir Roy, had the distinction of introducing colour television coverage in India in February - March (1982) during the 1st Nehru Cup which was held at Eden Gardens, Kolkata with 5 on-line camera operation, long before Doordarshan started the same during the Delhi Asian Games in November 1982.

text: The central government launched a series of economic and social reforms in 1991 under Prime Minister Narasimha Rao. Under the new policies the government allowed private and foreign broadcasters to engage in limited operations in India. This process has been pursued consistently by all subsequent federal administrations. Foreign channels like CNN, STAR TV and private domestic channels such as Zee TV, ETV and Sun TV started satellite broadcasts. Starting with 41 sets in 1962 and one channel, by 1995, TV in India covered more than 70 million homes giving a viewing population of more than 400 million individuals through more than 100 channels.

text: Broadcast mediums[edit]

text: This section needs to be updated. Please update this article to reflect recent events or newly available information. (March 2016)

text: There are at least five basic types of television in India: broadcast or "over-the-air" television, unencrypted satellite or "free-to-air", Direct-to-Home (DTH), cable television, and IPTV.

text: Over-the-air and free-to-air TV is free with no monthly payments while Cable, DTH, and IPTV require a monthly payment that varies depending on how many channels a subscriber chooses to pay for. Channels are usually sold in groups or a la carte. All television service providers are required by law to provide a la carte selection of channels.

text: Broadcast television[edit]

text: In India, the broadcast of free-to-air television is governed through state-owned Prasar Bharati Corporation, with the Doordarshan group of channels being the only broadcaster. As such, cable television is the primary source of TV programming in India.and then private channels were started since about 1995.

text: Cable television[edit]

text: As per the TAM Annual Universe Update - 2015,[6] India now has over 167 million households (out of 234 million) with television sets, of which over 161 million have access to Cable TV or Satellite TV, including 84 million households which are DTH subscribers. Digital TV households have grown by 32% since 2013 due to migration from terrestrial and analog broadcasts. TV owning households have been growing at between 8-10%. Digital TV penetration is at 64% as of September 2014. The growth in digital broadcast has been due to the introduction of a multi-phase digitisation policy by the Government of India. An ordinance was introduced by the Govt. of India regarding the mandatory digitization of the Cable Services. According to this amendment made in the section 9 of the Cable Television Networks (Regulation) Amendment Ordinance, 1995, the I&B ministry is in the process of making Digital Addressable System mandatory. As per the policy, viewers would be able to access digital services only through a set top box (STB).[7] It is also estimated that India now has over 823 TV channels covering all the main languages spoken in the nation.

text: Star TV Network introduced five major television channels into the Indian broadcasting space that had so far been monopolised by the Indian government-owned Doordarshan: MTV, STAR Plus, Star Movies, BBC, Prime Sports and STAR Chinese Channel. Soon after, India saw the launch of Zee TV, the first privately owned Indian channel to broadcast over cable followed by Asia Television Network (ATN). A few years later CNN, Discovery Channel and National Geographic Channel made their foray into India. Later, Star TV Network expanded its bouquet with the introduction of STAR World India, STAR Sports, ESPN, Channel V and STAR Gold.

text: With the launch of the Tamil Sun TV in 1992, South India saw the birth of its first private television channel. With a network comprising more than 20 channels in various South Indian languages, Sun TV network recently launched a DTH service and its channels are now available in several countries outside India. Following Sun TV, several television channels sprung up in the south. Among these are the Tamil channel Raj Television and the Malayalam channel Asianet, both launched in 1993. These three networks and their channels today take up most of the broadcasting space in South India. In 1994, industrialist N. P. V. Ramasamy Udayar launched a Tamil channel called GEC (Golden Eagle Communication), which was later acquired by Vijay Mallya and renamed as Vijay TV. In Telugu, Telugu daily newspaper Eenadu started with its own channel called ETV in 1995 later diversified into other Indian languages. The same year, another Telugu channel called Gemini TV was launched which was later acquired by the Sun Group in 1998.

text: Throughout the 1990s, along with a multitude of Hindi-language channels, several regional and English language channels flourished all over India. By 2001, international channels HBO and History Channel started providing service. In 1999–2003, other international channels such as Nickelodeon, Cartoon Network, VH1, Disney and Toon Disney entered the market. Starting in 2003, there has been an explosion of news channels in various languages; the most notable among them are NDTV, CNN IBN and Aaj Tak. The most recent channels/networks in the Indian broadcasting industry include UTV Movies, UTV Bindass, Zoom, Colours, 9X and 9XM. There are several more new channels in the pipeline, including Leader TV.

text: Conditional access system[edit]

text: CAS or conditional access system, is a digital mode of transmitting TV channels through a set-top box (STB). The transmission signals are encrypted and viewers need to buy a set-top box to receive and decrypt the signal. The STB is required to watch only pay channels.

text: The idea of CAS was mooted in 2001, due to a furore over charge hikes by channels and subsequently by cable operators. Poor reception of certain channels; arbitrary pricing and increase in prices; bundling of channels; poor service delivery by Cable Television Operators (CTOs); monopolies in each area; lack of regulatory framework and redress avenues were some of the issues that were to be addressed by implementation of CAS

text: It was decided by the government that CAS would be first introduced in the four metros. It has been in place in Chennai since September 2003, where until very recently it had managed to attract very few subscribers. It has been rolled out recently in the other three metros of Delhi, Mumbai and Kolkata.

text: As of April 2008[update] only 25 per cent of the people have subscribed the new technology. The rest watch only free-to-air channels. As mentioned above, the inhibiting factor from the viewer's perspective is the cost of the STB.

text: Analog switchover[edit]

text: The Ministry of Information and Broadcasting issued a notification on 11 November 2011, setting 31 March 2015 as the deadline for complete shift from analogue to digital systems. In December 2011, Parliament passed The Cable Television Networks (Regulation) Amendment Act to digitise the cable television sector by 2014.[8][9] Chennai, Delhi, Kolkata, and Mumbai had to switch by 31 October 2012.[10] The second phase of 38 cities, including Bangalore, Chandigarh, Nagpur, Patna, and Pune, was to switch by 31 March 2013. The remaining urban areas were to digitise by 30 November 2014 and the rest of the country by 31 March 2015.[11]

text:
Phase
(planned date)
City/Region
Date of switchover†

Phase I
(31 October 2012)
Delhi
31 October 2012

Mumbai
31 October 2012

Kolkata
15 January 2013

Chennai
Not completed

Phase II
(31 March 2013)
38 cities in 15 states
31 March 2013

Phase III
(30 September 2014)
All remaining urban areas
31 March 2016

Phase IV
(31 December 2014)
Rest of India
31 December 2016

text: †Indicates the date when analogue signals were switched off and not necessarily the date when 100% digitisation was achieved.

text: Phase I[edit]

text: From midnight on 31 October 2012, analogue signals were switched off in Delhi and Mumbai. Pirated signals were available in parts of Delhi even after the date.[12] In Kolkata, on 30 October 2012, the state government refused to switch off analogue signals citing low penetration of set-top boxes (STBs) required for receiving digital signals. The I&B Ministry did not push for switching off of analogue signals in Kolkata. After approximately the Centre estimated that 75% of Kolkata households had installed STBs, the ministry issued a directive to stop airing analogue channels in some parts of the city beginning 16 December and completely switch off analogue signals after 27 December.[13] On 17 December 2012, the West Bengal government openly defied the directive and stated that it would not implement it.[14] The state government then announced that it would extend the deadline to 15 January 2013.[15][16][17] The I&B ministry had initially threatened to cancel the license of multi system operators (MSOs) in Kolkata if they did not switch off all analogue channels. However, the ministries softened their stand following a letter from MSOs, explaining how it they were sandwiched between divergent orders from the Central and State Governments.

text: In Chennai, the deadline was extended twice to 5 November by the Madras High Court.[18] The extension was in response to a petition filed by the Chennai Metro Cable TV Operators Association (CMCOA), who argued at the beginning of November that only 164,000 homes in Chennai had the proper equipment, and three million households would be left without service.[19] When a week later only a quarter of households had their set-top boxes, the Madras High Court further extended the deadline to 9 November. The Ministry of Information and Broadcasting stated that it would allow an additional extension to 31 December.[20][21] As of March 2013, out of 3 million subscribers, 2.4 million continued to be without set-top boxes.[22]

text: A similar petition, filed by a local cable operator (LCO), to extend the deadline in Mumbai was rejected by the Bombay High Court on 31 October 2012.[23]

text: Phase II[edit]

text: In the second phase, 38 cities in 15 states had to digitise by 31 March 2013. Of the 38, Maharashtra has 9 cities, Uttar Pradesh has 7 and Gujarat has 5.[24][25][26]

text: About 25% of the 16 million households covered did not have their equipment installed before the deadline. Secretary Uday Kumar Varma extended a 15-day grace period.[9] The I&B ministry estimated that as of 3 April 2013, 25% of households did not have set-top boxes.[27] Enforcement of the switchover varied from city to city.[28] Vishakhapatnam had the lowest rate of conversion to the new system at 12.18 per cent. Other cities that had low figures included Srinagar (20 per cent), Coimbatore (28.89 per cent), Jabalpur (34.87 per cent) and Kalyan Dombivli (38.59 per cent).[29]

text: Satellite television[edit]

text: As of 2016, over 1600 TV satellite television channels are broadcast in India. This includes channels from the state-owned Doordarshan, News Corporation owned STAR TV, Sony owned Sony Entertainment Television, Zee TV, Sun Network and Asianet. Direct To Home service is provided by Airtel Digital Tv, BIG TV owned by Reliance, DD Direct Plus, DishTV, Sun Direct DTH, Tata Sky and Videocon D2H. Dish TV was the first one to come up in Indian Market, others came only years later.

text: These services are provided by locally built satellites from ISRO such as[30] INSAT 4CR, INSAT 4A, INSAT-2E, INSAT-3C and INSAT-3E as well as private satellites such as the Dutch-based SES, Global-owned NSS 6, Thaicom-2 and Telstar 10.

text: DTH is defined as the reception of satellite programs with a personal dish in an individual home. As of December 2012, India had roughly 54 million DTH subcribers.

text: DTH does not compete with CAS.[citation needed] Cable TV and DTH are two methods of delivery of television content. CAS is integral to both the systems in delivering pay channels.

text: Cable TV is through cable networks and DTH is wireless, reaching direct to the consumer through a small dish and a set-top box. Although the government has ensured that free-to-air channels on cable are delivered to the consumer without a set-top box, DTH signals cannot be received without the set-top box.

text: India currently has 7 major DTH service providers and a total of over 54 million subscriber households in as of December 2012. DishTV (a ZEE TV subsidiary), Tata Sky, Videocon D2H, Sun Network owned ' Sun Direct DTH', Reliance Digital TV, Bharti Airtel's DTH Service 'Airtel Digital TV' and the public sector DD Direct Plus. As of 2012, India has the most competitive Direct-broadcast satellite market with 7 operators vying for more than 135 million TV homes. India overtook the USA as the world's largest Direct-broadcast satellite market in 2012.[31]

text: The rapid growth of DTH in India has propelled an exodus from cabled homes, the need to measure viewership in this space is more than ever; aMap, the overnight ratings agency, has mounted a peoplemeter panel to measure viewership and interactive engagement in DTH homes in India.[32]

text: Internet Protocol Television (IPTV)[edit]

text: There are currently five IPTV Platforms available for Subscription in India in the main cities as Broadband Internet penetration is confined to urban areas of the country, They are

text:
IPTV A joint venture between MTNL and BSNL also in association with Aksh Optifiber a company that also provides FTTH and VoIP services available in some of the main cities in India such as Mumbai which has about 200 Television Channels on offer with Time Shift TV in a number of Basic and Premium Packages including Movies on Demand offered at various Basic, Premium and Pay Per View Rates and other services such as an Interactive Karaoke channel, The IPTV Operator uses the UTStarcom RollingStream IPTV Solution as its end-to-end Delivery Platform.
Airtel IPT available in some of the main cities in India such as New Delhi and Bangalore which has about 175 Television Channels on offer with Time Shift TV in a number of TV Packages and a small number of Television Channels offered on Premium Subscription Rates including Movies on Demand offered at Premium and Pay Per View Rates SVOD and other services such as Digital Radio and Games, The IPTV Operator uses the UTStarcom RollingStream IPTV Solution as its end-to-end Delivery Platform.
Smart TV Group also Operates an IPTV Platform based on the Sea-Change International IPTV and Cisco IPTV Standards in many parts of India with the following services:

text:
185 TV channels on various basic and premium packages
40 TV channel Catch up TV service
250 Hour Personal Video Recorder
A 5000+ Hour Movie Library
Digital Radio and Karaoke Service

text: The service is available to MTNL and BSNL Broadband Internet customers.

text: Reliance IPTV is an IPTV service Operated by Reliance Communication the Telco uses the Microsoft Mediaroom IPTV Middleware Software as its end-to-end delivery Platform, with around three TV packages on offer. the service is currently only available in Mumbai.

text: Programming[edit]

text: The typical Indian soap opera is by-far the most common genre on Indian television. Fiction shows (which also includes thriller dramas and sitcoms) are extremely popular among Indian audiences, as they reflect real family issues portrayed in a melodramatic fashion.

text: There are thousands of television programs in India, all ranging in length, air time, genre and language. The Hindi television industry is by far the biggest. However, some have much greater influence on the audiences, and therefore make the annual list of the best Hindi shows. The present status follows:

text: List of Top five Hindi GEC (Urban+Rural) Television shows in India (Week 28,2017)[edit]

text: Source: Barc India[33]

text:
Rank
Series
Genre
Network
Air date
Air time
Impressions (000s)

1
Sa Re Ga Ma Pa L'il Champs 2017
Talent show
Zee TV
Since 25 February 2017
Sat-Sun 8:00PM IST
12091

2
Kumkum Bhagya
Indian soap opera
Zee TV
Since 15 April 2014
Mon-Fri 9:00PM IST
12057

3
Indian cricket team in the West Indies in 2017
Cricket
DD National
23 June 2017 – 09 July 2017
-
10220

4
Kundali Bhagya
Indian soap opera
Zee TV
Since 12 July 2017
Mon-Fri 9:30PM IST
9860

5
Naagin Season 2
Indian soap opera
Rishtey (TV channel)
Since 18 June 2017
Sat-Sun 7:00PM IST
9585

text: Audience metrics[edit]

text: Television metrics in India have gone through several phases in which it fragmented, consolidated and then fragmented again.

text: DART[edit]

text: During the days of the single channel Doordarshan monopoly, DART (Doordarshan Audience Research Team) was the only metric available. This used the notebook method of recordkeeping across 33 cities across India.[34] DART continues to provide this information independent of the Private agencies. DART is one of the rating system that measures audience metrics in Rural India.[35]

text: TAM & INTAM[edit]

text: In 1994, claiming a heterogeneous and fragmenting television market ORG-MARG introduced INTAM (Indian National Television Audience Measurement). Ex-officials of DD (Doordarshan) claimed that INTAM was introduced by vested commercial interests who only sought to break the monopoly of DD and that INTAM was significantly weaker in both sample size, rigour and the range of cities and regions covered.[36]

text: In 1997, a joint industry body appointed TAM (backed by AC Nielsen[37]) as the official recordkeeper of audience metrics.[36] Due to the differences in methodology and samples of TAM and INTAM, both provided differing results for the same programs.

text: In 2001, a confidential list of households in Mumbai that were participating in the monitoring survey was released, calling into question the reliability of the data.[36][38][39] This subsequently led to the merger of the two measurement systems into TAM.[40] For several years after this, in spite of misgivings about the process, sample and other parameters, TAM was the de facto standard and monopoly in the audience metrics game.[41]

text: aMap[edit]

text: In 2004, a rival ratings service funded by American NRI investors, called Audience Measurement Analytics Limited (aMap) was launched.[42][43][44] Although initially, it faced a cautious uptake from clients, the TAM monopoly was broken.

text: What differentiates aMap is that its ratings are available within one day as compared to TAM's timeline of one week.[43]

text: Broadcast Audience Research Council[edit]

text: An even newer industry body called the Broadcast Audience Research Council seeks to set up an almost real-time audience metrics system. Plans for this was announced in March 2008 and work is said to be in progress.[44][45]


document_title: Orange Is the New Black (season 2)

question_text: who dies in season 2 of orange is the new black

root

text: Orange Is the New Black (season 2)

text: Plot[edit]

text: Piper is awakened in solitary and, without being given any information, forced to board a bus and a plane to whereabouts unknown. After she lands, finally realizing she is in Chicago, Piper assumes she has been transferred for killing Pennsatucky and attempts to adjust to her new surroundings. After speaking with Alex, Piper discovers she is in Chicago to testify in the trial of Alex's drug boss, Kubra Balik, and that the stay is temporary. Piper returns to Litchfield along with a Japanese-American inmate named Brook Soso, whom Piper comforts.

tag: p

text: Taystee's mother figure Vee returns, to disapproval from Taystee. It is revealed that Vee and Red know each other from Vee's previous incarceration. Vee uses Suzanne's outcast desperation to manipulate her, and begins her bid to take back power in the prison. Vee offers to help Poussey sell her hooch to other inmates but Poussey declines. Red starts to grow plants in an old greenhouse as a cover to move contraband into the prison.

text: Episodes[edit]

text: This article's plot summaries may be too long or excessively detailed. Please help improve them by removing unnecessary details and making them more concise. (August 2017) (Learn how and when to remove this template message)

tag: table

text:
No.overallNo. inseasonTitleDirected byWritten byFeatured character(s)Original release date141"Thirsty Bird"Jodie FosterTara Herrmann & Jenji KohanPiperJune 6, 2014 (2014-06-06)
Piper is awakened in solitary and, without being given any information, forced to board a bus and a plane to whereabouts unknown. After she lands, finally realizing she is in Chicago, Piper assumes she has been transferred for killing Pennsatucky and attempts to adjust to her new surroundings. After speaking with Alex, Piper discovers she is in Chicago to testify in the trial of Alex's drug boss, Kubra Balik, and that the stay is temporary. Alex suggests to Piper they lie in court about knowing Kubra, fearing he will exact revenge if they tell the truth. However, Piper wishes to tell the truth. Piper meets with her lawyer, Larry's father Howard Bloom, who strongly advises her to tell the truth. In the van on the way to the trial, Alex pushes one last time for Piper to lie about knowing Kubra, saying she (Alex) will be screwed over if they do not tell the same story. Piper gives in and perjures herself at the trial. Afterwards, Howard washes his hands off her. Alex then informs Piper that although she planned to lie, she told the truth, which complicates matters for Piper, who now faces perjury charges and additional time. Piper shouts angrily at Alex, who is being led out of prison to be released.

Flashback: Several flashbacks from Piper's childhood reveal her complicated past.
152"Looks Blue, Tastes Red"Michael TrimJenji KohanTaysteeJune 6, 2014 (2014-06-06)
Pennsatucky is released from solitary after her fight with Piper. She makes a deal with Healy about what she will say about the fight, and in exchange she gets her teeth fixed. Daya has been constipated for the past five days, and her mother and Mendoza compete to solve the problem. Red's commissary funds run short because she no longer controls the kitchen and cannot aid her outside criminal associates. During a visit from her son, it is revealed that she has a grandchild. Red is taken in by the older inmates. A mock job fair gives Taystee a chance to show off her business smarts with a Philip Morris representative in a mock interview. She gets the mock job after she impresses the rep with her research on the company. At the end of the episode, Taystee's mother figure, Vee, shows up as a new inmate.

Flashback: Young Taystee—then referred to as Tasha—goes to a Black Adoption Festival, trying to find a permanent home. She later meets a drug dealer, Vee, who becomes a mother figure to her. Eventually, Taystee starts working for her in the drug trade.
163"Hugs Can Be Deceiving"Michael TrimLauren MorelliSuzanneJune 6, 2014 (2014-06-06)
Piper returns to Litchfield along with a Japanese-American inmate named Brook Soso, whom Piper comforts until she becomes too annoying. Taystee's mother figure Vee returns, to disapproval from Taystee. It is revealed that Vee and Red know each other from Vee's previous incarceration. Larry meets with a journalist who wants to use Piper as a source for a story about fraud and embezzling by the administration at Litchfield. Morello is devastated upon finding out that Christopher is marrying another woman. Daya becomes frustrated with Bennett when he doesn't know how to smuggle in prenatal vitamins. He later realizes that his prosthetic leg will work well. It is discovered that Suzanne became distraught after the pageant and punched Piper into the snow. This makes the fight between Piper and Pennsatucky look like they were equally responsible. Vee uses Suzanne's outcast desperation to manipulate her, and begins her bid to take back power in the prison.

Flashback: It is shown that Suzanne was always marked as different, and was pushed by her adoptive mother to show that she is just as worthy and talented as others. At her high-school graduation, she is urged to sing during the ceremony, but stage fright leads to an embarrassing outburst, similar to her non-performance at the Christmas pageant.
174"A Whole Other Hole"Phil AbrahamSian HederLornaJune 6, 2014 (2014-06-06)
Nicky and Big Boo engage in a contest to see who can sleep with the most women in jail. Vee offers to help Poussey sell her hooch to other inmates but Poussey declines. Red starts to grow plants in an old greenhouse as a cover to move contraband into the prison. Larry and Polly begin to bond more as Polly's husband is away. Morello discovers that her love, Christopher, is marrying another woman. While driving Rosa to cancer treatments, Morello takes the van, breaks into Christopher's home, dons a wedding veil found there, and takes a relaxing bath, nearly getting caught when he comes home.

Flashback: Lorna made money as a scam artist. Christopher was never her fiancé, but a man she stalked after a single date, leaving threatening messages and trying to put a bomb in the car of his actual girlfriend.
185"Low Self Esteem City"Andrew McCarthyNick JonesGloriaJune 6, 2014 (2014-06-06)
The bathroom that Gloria Mendoza and her girls use has plumbing problems and feces coming out of the shower drains. Vee is appointed head of the African American posse, and goes head to head against Gloria's Latinas when they infiltrate the Ghetto bathroom. Fig, the assistant warden, refuses to fix the Latina showers due to budget problems, and limits shower times to 30 seconds as a solution. As tensions rise between the blacks and the Latinas, Vee and Mendoza make a deal in order to calm things down. Meanwhile, Cal and Piper's mom visit Piper and inform her that her father doesn't want to see her "like that" (in prison). During the visit, Cal reveals that her grandmother is dying. Piper is devastated, and asks Healy for furlough. Boo and Nicky continue their contest over who can score the most points with their sexual conquests. While Boo goes after the "small pointers", Nicky spends her time trying to bed Fischer, one of the prison guards, to no avail.

Flashback: Gloria was a victim of domestic violence until she was arrested for committing fraud with food stamps traded at the store she ran.
196"You Also Have a Pizza"Allison AndersStephen FalkPousseyJune 6, 2014 (2014-06-06)
The inmates prepare for a Valentine's Day party. Red begins importing items through the sewer drain in the greenhouse with the help of her son, Vasily. Larry asks Piper to be his prison mole so that he can write articles about the prison's finances. Piper begins questioning prisoners and guards to find out where the prison's budget money is really going. At the Valentine's Party at Litchfield, Pennsatucky is outlawed from her former group of friends by Leanne. Poussey and Taystee argue. Flaca and Maritza share an intimate moment in the kitchen. Pennsatucky and Healy also share a moment outside the prison. Larry goes over to Polly's with all of Piper's things. He and Polly share a kiss, right before Pete returns home from his trip. Caputo invites Fischer to come see his band perform in a local bar, however she invites Luschek, Bell and O'Neill to come, too. Later, as Caputo performs with the band, he notices that Jimmy, an elderly inmate suffering from dementia, has escaped from the prison and is sitting in the bar listening to the music.

Flashback: Poussey has a relationship with a German girl (played by Nina Rausch) while living on an army base in Germany. The girl's father discovers the two making love, and uses his power to send Poussey's family back to the United States. When confronting her girlfriend's father, Poussey is ready to pull out a gun and attack him, but her own father intervenes before the gun is revealed.
207"Comic Sans"Andrew McCarthySara HessCindyJune 6, 2014 (2014-06-06)
Due to Jimmy's escape, Caputo demands that the correctional officers and guards start monitoring the inmates more closely, and imposes a minimum quota for shots written. Taystee gives Nicky a cigarette in exchange for postage stamps for Vee. Red smuggles in styling products and other items for Sophia in exchange for maintaining her hair color. The Spanish girls continue to request contraband from Bennett. Sick of being taken advantage of, he threatens them with shots, much to Daya's dismay. Vee's girls continue to exchange cigarettes for contraband and favors from other inmates. Daya, Flaca, and Morello all ask Piper if they can help with the newsletter she has started. Poussey refuses to involve herself in Vee's business, but Nicky encourages her to get on Vee's good side. Polly comes over to Larry's house in an emotional outrage, and the two have sex. Jimmy is given Compassionate Release from prison. It is revealed that she was taken to the bus station and left there.

Flashback: Black Cindy works as an airport security guard. She is shown searching through people's bags, and steals an iPad for her sister's birthday (later revealed to be her biological daughter).
218"Appropriately Sized Pots"Daisy von Scherler MayerAlex Regnery & Hartley VossRosaJune 6, 2014 (2014-06-06)
Piper faces a new backlash over special privileges. Caputo feels pressure to toughen up, which results in Fischer's termination. Also, Caputo starts to distrust Red's greenhouse but fortunately for her, Gloria moves her contraband before Caputo finds it. Piper asks Healy to revoke her furlough because the other inmates are treating her badly because of it. Piper calls her mom to tell her she was granted furlough, only to find out her grandmother died a day before. Rosa meets a young boy in chemo who she later learns is in remission.

Flashback: In the 1970s, Rosa drove the getaway car for multiple bank robberies perpetrated by her boyfriend and his friends.
229"40 Oz. of Furlough"S. J. ClarksonLauren MorelliRed & VeeJune 6, 2014 (2014-06-06)
Piper's relationship with Larry faces a real-world test when Piper returns home on furlough. Larry admits to Piper that he slept with someone else. Piper attends her grandmother's funeral, which turns into her brother's wedding. Upon Red's request, Piper visits Red's former deli, only to find it permanently closed. Red's efforts to redeem herself in the eyes of her former posse are finally rewarded. She intends to usurp Red's kitchen smuggling enterprise through her newly founded gardening club. Mendez returns to Litchfield. Bennett finds a cigarette and tears apart the black ghetto until Mendez stops him. Bennett is put on suspension and later reveals to Caputo that Daya is pregnant, and suggests that Mendez must be the father.

Flashback: The history of Red and Vee's relationship at Litchfield is explored through a series of flashbacks. The last flashback reveals that Vee had taken control of the black inmates and Red's kitchen, ending with Vee's posse brutally beating Red.
2310"Little Mustachioed Shit"Jennifer GetzingerSian HederPiper & AlexJune 6, 2014 (2014-06-06)
Piper returns to prison after Furlough, while Bennett returns after suspension. She lies to Red about the condition of Red's Queens deli. The guards get tougher in a bid to turn up prison contraband. Daya's pregnancy is revealed. Mendez is fired and arrested because he is believed to be the father. Piper figures out that Larry and Polly slept together. Vee attempts to join Red's business in the garden. Poussey gets drunk and insults Vee, so Suzanne beats her up in a fit of rage. Nicky decides to bring to Red the heroin Taystee gave her. Healy starts a therapy group, Safe Place.

Flashback: More history of Alex and Piper's relationship is explored.
2411"Take a Break from Your Values"Constantine MakrisNick JonesSister IngallsJune 6, 2014 (2014-06-06)
Piper finally reaches out to Alex and learns that Kubra wasn't convicted. Piper is told she is being transferred to Virginia. Soso's hunger strike attracts new support that takes on a religious fervor. Polly leaves Pete for Larry. The prison newspaper is shut down. Sister Ingalls joins the hunger strike. The elders form a plan to kill Vee but Red doesn't know about it. The plan backfires when they stab the wrong inmate.

Flashback: Flashbacks depict Sister Ingalls joining her first rally and continuing in social activism, until she is excommunicated by the church.
2512"It Was the Change"Phil AbrahamSara HessTaystee & VeeJune 6, 2014 (2014-06-06)
Vee and Red's rivalry continues with several confrontations regarding their competing business ventures inside the jail. The inmates are forced to leave their bunks and sleep in the mess hall as a storm floods the plumbing system. Red and her gang are concerned about being attacked during the night. On the other side of the hall Vee also warns her posse about Red. As the night continues, Morello shares an intimate moment with a dying Rosa. Pennsatucky becomes close to Big Boo in an attempt to uncover details about their 'gay agenda'. Figueroa receives multiple angry calls from Caputo and discovers an uncomfortable truth about her husband. Red attacks Vee while they are alone outside, attempting to strangle her with a piece of plastic wrap, but fails. The two agree that Litchfield has changed them and they shake hands on a truce. At the end of the night, Piper escapes the mess hall to find evidence of Figueroa's fraud in her office but is caught by Caputo when the power comes back on. The next morning, while Red is cleaning up the mess made by the storm, she is slocked from behind by Vee and severely injured.

Flashback: Flashbacks depict Vee's relationship with Taystee, the police and a guy who is considered to be like her son before she went to prison.
2613"We Have Manners. We're Polite."Constantine MakrisJenji KohannoneJune 6, 2014 (2014-06-06)
Vee's family breaks apart and turns on her. After Nicky's theft of her stash of heroin Vee had become paranoid and tried to get Suzanne to take the fall for Vee's assault on Red. Piper reveals Figueroa's embezzlement to Caputo, who reports it to the warden and confronts Figueroa. Figueroa's attempt to buy Caputo's silence by performing oral sex on him is to no avail and she resigns. Caputo's new role as interim deputy warden gets off to a shaky start when Bennett confesses to him that he impregnated Daya. Caputo suppresses the confession in order to avoid a scandal for the new administration. Sister Ingalls ends her hunger strike after Red talks to Healy. Healy gets Luschek to sign a fake work order to exonerate Suzanne and turn the focus of the investigation back on Vee. Vee, alone and friendless, escapes from prison via Red's greenhouse storm drain pipe. Rosa is told by her doctor that her chemo is not working and she has only three-six weeks left to live. Morello leaves the keys in the van with Rosa, who takes the vehicle and flees the prison in order to taste freedom in the last few days of her life. She spies Vee by the side of the road and intentionally runs her down with the van.

Note: There are no flashbacks in this episode.

text: Cast and characters[edit]

text: Main cast[edit]

text:
Taylor Schilling as Piper Chapman, inmate
Uzo Aduba as Suzanne "Crazy Eyes" Warren, inmate
Danielle Brooks as Tasha "Taystee" Jefferson, inmate
Michael Harney as Sam Healy, correctional officer
Natasha Lyonne as Nicky Nichols, inmate
Taryn Manning as Tiffany "Pennsatucky" Doggett, inmate
Kate Mulgrew as Galina "Red" Reznikov, inmate
Jason Biggs as Larry Bloom, Piper's fiancé

tag: ul

text: Recurring cast[edit]

text: Inmates[edit]

text:
Laura Prepon as Alex Vause
Selenis Leyva as Gloria Mendoza
Adrienne C. Moore as Cindy "Black Cindy" Hayes
Dascha Polanco as Dayanara "Daya" Diaz
Yael Stone as Lorna Morello
Samira Wiley as Poussey Washington
Jackie Cruz as Marisol "Flaca" Gonzales
Lea DeLaria as Carrie "Big Boo" Black
Elizabeth Rodriguez as Aleida Diaz
Jessica Pimentel as Maria Ruiz
Laverne Cox as Sophia Burset
Annie Golden as Norma Romano
Laura Gómez as Blanca Flores
Diane Guerrero as Maritza Ramos
Vicky Jeudy as Janae Watson
Julie Lake as Angie Rice
Emma Myles as Leanne Taylor
Abigail Savage as Gina Murphy
Constance Shulman as Erica "Yoga" Jones
Lori Tan Chinn as Mei Chang
Tamara Torres as Gerrman "Weeping Woman"
Lin Tucci as Anita DeMarco
Beth Fowler as Sister Jane Ingalls
Barbara Rosenblat as Rosa "Miss Rosa" Cisneros
Kimiko Glenn as Brook Soso
Dale Soules as Frieda Berlin
Lori Petty as Lolly Whitehill
Lorraine Toussaint as Yvonne "Vee" Parker

text: Staff

text:
Nick Sandow as Joe Caputo
Catherine Curtin as Wanda Bell
Joel Marsh Garland as Scott O'Neill
Matt Peters as Joel Luschek
Alysia Reiner as Natalie "Fig" Figueroa
Brendan Burke as Wade Donaldson
Lolita Foster as Eliqua Maxwell
Germar Terrell Gardner as Charles Ford
Matt McGorry as John Bennett
Pablo Schreiber as George "Pornstache" Mendez
Lauren Lapkus as Susan Fischer

text: Others

text:
Michael Chernus as Cal Chapman
Tanya Wright as Crystal Burset
Tracee Chimo as Neri Feldman
Berto Colon as Cesar
Deborah Rush as Carol Chapman
Maria Dizzia as Polly Harper
Ian Paola as Yadriel

text: Production[edit]

text: On June 27, 2013, prior to the series premiere, Netflix renewed the show for a second season consisting of 13 episodes.[1] Jenji Kohan stated that the story for the second season would focus less on Piper Chapman and more in the cast as a whole. For the second season, Uzo Aduba, Taryn Manning, Danielle Brooks, and Natasha Lyonne were promoted to series regulars.[2] Laura Prepon did not return as a series regular for a second season because of scheduling conflicts.[3] In July, it was announced that Lorraine Toussaint had joined the cast in a recurring role.[4] Toussaint said of the role: "Jenji has written one of the more complex characters I've ever played, and probably one of the more difficult characters I've played. I think it'll be interesting seeing how this character is received, because Jenji has written a character that plays and enjoys the game, and is incredibly engaging and draws people into her, into the big game and has, I have a great deal of fun." It was revealed that Lori Petty would have a guest role.[5] In February 2014, Netflix revealed that the season was to be released on June 6, 2014.

text: Reception[edit]

text: Critical reception[edit]

text: The second season received critical acclaim. Rotten Tomatoes gave a rating of 98%, with an average rating of 9.1 out of 10 based on 42 reviews. The site's critical consensus reads: "With a talented ensemble cast bringing life to a fresh round of serial drama, Orange Is the New Black's sophomore season lives up to its predecessor's standard for female-led television excellence.[6] Metacritic gave the second season a score of 89 out of 100 based on 31 critics, indicating "universal acclaim."[7] David Wiegland of the San Francisco Chronicle gave the season a positive review, calling the first six episodes "not only as great as the first season, but arguably better."[8]

text: Critics' top ten lists[edit]

text: Orange Is the New Black was considered one of the best shows of the year by many critics and journalists.[9]

text:
2nd – The Star-Ledger
3rd – Akron Beacon Journal
3rd – HitFix  (Dan Fienberg)
3rd – Indiewire'
3rd – Las Vegas Weekly
3rd – Pittsburgh Post-Gazette
3rd – Tampa Bay Times
3rd – Village Voice
4th – Paste
4th – PopMatters
4th – Time
4th – Us Weekly
5th – Denver Post
5th – Uncle Barky

6th – The Daily Beast
6th – HitFix  (Alan Sepinwall)
6th – NPR
6th – Sioux City Journal
7th – The Hollywood Reporter
7th – San Jose Mercury News
7th – Vox
8th – Slate
8th – Thompson on Hollywood!
9th – Digital Spy
10th – Washington Post
– Huffington Post
– Philadelphia Daily News
– ScreenCrush

text: Broadcast[edit]

text: In Australia, the second season began airing on Showcase on July 16, 2014.[10]


document_title: I Love to Tell the Story

question_text: who wrote i love to tell the story

question_tokens: who wrote i love to tell the story

text: I Love to Tell the Story

text:
"I Love to Tell the Story"

Hymn

Written
1866 (1866)

Text
by Katherine Hankey

Melody
by William G. Fischer

Published
1869 (1869): Philadelphia

Publisher
Methodist Episcopal Book Room

text: "I Love to Tell the Story" is a well-known hymn which was written as a poem by an English evangelist, Katherine Hankey. It was set to music by William G. Fischer.

text: Hankey had a serious spell of sickness while in a mission in Africa. During her long days of convalescence, she wrote a long on the life of Jesus in 1866 in two parts. The first part was a poem of fifty stanzas, titled "The Story Wanted" (dated January 29, 1866) and second part titled "The Story Told" (dated November 18, 1866).[1]

text: Certain verses were taken from Part I. by Dr. W. H. Doane in 1867 to make the popular and familiar hymn beginning, "Tell me the old, old story". From Part II. certain verses were selected to make the hymn, "I Love to Tell the Story".

text: The tune was composed by William G. Fischer and appeared in Fischer's Joyful Songs, Nos. 1 to 3 published in 1869 in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania by Methodist Episcopal Book Room.[1]

text: The refrain used was

text: In recordings[edit]

text:
Henry Burr recorded it circa 1916 for Angelophone Records (pictured)
Country singer Alan Jackson included it in his 2006 Gospel album Precious Memories.
Christian singer Mark Lowry made it the title track of his Christian hymns album I Love to Tell the Story, A Hymns Collection released July 17, 2007


document_title: Sarah Chalke

question_text: when did the second becky come on roseanne

text: Sarah Chalke

text: Early life[edit]

text: Chalke was born in Ottawa, Ontario, Canada, and was raised in North Vancouver, British Columbia. She is the middle of three daughters born to Douglas and Angela Chalke. Her mother is from Rostock, Germany. According to a Scrubs commentary track, she used to attend the German school in her hometown twice a week. Her first language is English, but she speaks German fluently and French "fairly well." This was incorporated into her Scrubs character, Elliot Reid, who spoke German and French at the same levels. Chalke graduated from Handsworth Secondary School in North Vancouver in 1994.

text: Career[edit]

text: Chalke's acting career began at age eight when she began appearing in musical theater productions. At 12, she became a reporter on the Canadian children's show KidZone.[1] In 1993, she took over the role of Rebecca Conner-Healy on Roseanne after Lecy Goranson left the series; Chalke made a cameo appearance as a different character in the Roseanne episode "Halloween: The Final Chapter" (#178, originally aired October 31, 1995) after Goranson returned. Chalke later returned to the role of Becky after Goranson departed for a second time. After the show ended, Chalke returned briefly to Canada, where she starred in the CBC Television drama Nothing Too Good for a Cowboy (1998–1999).

text: In 2001, she was cast as Dr. Elliot Reid in the NBC comedy series Scrubs and she would be a cast member for all nine seasons until the series ended its run in 2010. She has appeared in several feature films, including Ernest Goes to School and Cake.[2] She appeared in Channel 101's The 'Bu with The Lonely Island, a parody of the hit show The O.C., but was credited as "Pamela Fenton". In 2007, she appeared as a supporting character in Chaos Theory, which starred fellow Canadian Ryan Reynolds. In 2008, Chalke became the spokesperson for a line of women's underwear by Hanes that included a series of commercials directed by her Scrubs co-star Zach Braff.[3] In 2008 and 2009, she made appearances in the CBS sitcom How I Met Your Mother as Stella Zinman. In early 2011, she starred in the CBS television series Mad Love, a romantic comedy which debuted as a midseason replacement and was cancelled after only one season was produced.[4][5]

text: Chalke was signed by former Scrubs executive producer Bill Lawrence to play the love interest of Bobby Cobb in the series Cougar Town. She appeared in multiple episodes in the third season.[6] Chalke starred in the ABC comedy series How to Live with Your Parents (For the Rest of Your Life), which premiered April 3, 2013, and which was cancelled one month later. She played Polly, a single and very uptight divorced mother who found herself moving back in with her parents (Elizabeth Perkins and Brad Garrett) because of the economic downturn. Also in 2013, she played a frantic mother named Casey Hedges in the Grey's Anatomy season-9 episode "Can't Fight This Feeling". Chalke also voices Beth on the show Rick and Morty.

text: On April 28, 2017, it was announced that a revival of Roseanne was in the works, and that most of the original cast and some of the producers would return for the limited series.[7] On May 16, 2017, it was confirmed that eight episodes of the show were greenlit by ABC and would air mid-season in 2018 with Chalke returning, but playing a role other than Becky Conner. [8] On May 29, 2018, in the wake of controversial remarks made by Barr on Twitter regarding Valerie Jarrett (an advisor of former president Barack Obama), ABC cancelled the revival after a single season,[9][10][11] but a spinoff series, The Conners (without Barr) was approved in June 2018 for fall broadcast.

text: Personal life[edit]

text: Chalke is engaged to lawyer Jamie Afifi. The couple have a son, Charlie Rhodes Afifi, born December 24, 2009.[12][13]  Her son was diagnosed at age two with Kawasaki disease.[14] Their daughter, Frankie, was born in May 2016.[15]

text: Activism[edit]

text: Chalke's aunt and grandmother died from breast cancer that was undiagnosed while in its early stages. She has since encouraged breast cancer detection and prevention, and starred in the Lifetime movie Why I Wore Lipstick to My Mastectomy.[16] She is an ambassador for the Audrey Hepburn Children's Foundation. Chalke also made an appearance in a short video parodying the National Organization for Marriage's "Gathering Storm" advertisement opposing same-sex marriage.[17] She was the 2009 ambassador for the Susan G. Komen Passionately Pink for the Cure program, for which she also designed a T-shirt.[18]

text: Filmography[edit]

text: Film[edit]

text:
Year

Title

Role

Notes

1994

Ernest Goes to School

Maisy

N/A

1999

Y2K

Myra Soljev

N/A

All Shook Up

Katy Dudston

N/A

2000

Spin Cycle

Tess

N/A

Cinderella: Single Again

Cinderella

Short Film

2001

Kill Me Later

Linda

N/A

XCU: Extreme Close Up

Jane Bennett

N/A

2005

Alchemy

Samantha Rose

N/A

Cake

Jane

N/A

2007

Chaos Theory

Paula Crowe

N/A

Mama's Boy

Maya

N/A

2016

Mother's Day

Gabi

N/A

After the Reality

Kate

N/A

text: Television films[edit]

text:
Year

Title

Role

Notes

1992

City Boy

Angelica

N/A

1993

Relentless: Mind of a Killer

Carrie

N/A

Woman on the Ledge

Elizabeth

N/A

1994

Beyond Obsession

Laura Sawyer

N/A

1996

Robin of Locksley

Marion Fitzwater

N/A

Dead Ahead

Heather Loch

N/A

Stand Against Fear

Krista Wilson

N/A

1997

Daughters

Annie Morrell

N/A

A Child's Wish

Melinda

N/A

Dying to Belong

Drea Davenport

N/A

1998

I've Been Waiting for You

Sarah Zoltanne

N/A

2002

It's a Very Merry Muppet Christmas Movie

Herself / Dr. Elliot Reid

N/A

2006

Why I Wore Lipstick to My Mastectomy

Geralyn Lucas

N/A

2009

Prep & Landing

Magee (voice)

N/A

2010

Prep & Landing: Operation: Secret Santa

Magee (voice)

N/A

2011

Prep & Landing: Naughty vs. Nice

Magee (voice)

N/A

text: Television series[edit]

text:
Year

Title

Role

Notes

1993

Neon Rider

Annie

Episode: "Labour Day"

The Odyssey

Estate agent

Episode: "A Place Called Nowhere"

1993–1997

Roseanne

Becky Conner-Healy

39 episodes

1997

Dead Man's Gun

Murial Jakes

Episode: "The Bounty Hunter"

1999

First Wave

Chloe Wells

Episode: "The Channel"

1999–2000

Nothing Too Good for a Cowboy

Gloria Hobson

26 episodes

2001–2010

Scrubs

Dr. Elliot Reid

171 episodes

2002

Clone High

X-Stream Erin (voice)

Episode: “Election Boo-Galoo”

2003

Clone High

Marie Antoinette (voice)

2 episodes

2007

Saturday Night Live

Dr. Elliot Reid

Episode: "Zach Braff/Maroon 5"

2008–2014

How I Met Your Mother

 Stella Zinman

10 episodes

2009

Maneater

Clarissa Alpert

2 episodes

2011

Mad Love

Kate Swanson

13 episodes

American Dad!

Cami (voice)

Episode: “Stanny Boy and Frantastic”

2012

Cougar Town

Angie LeClaire

4 episodes

The Fresh Beat Band

Glinda

Episode: "The Wizard of Song"

2013

How to Live with Your Parents(For the Rest of Your Life)

Polly

13 episodes

Grey's Anatomy

Casey Hedges

Episode: "Can't Fight This Feeling"

2013–2014

Hollywood Game Night

Herself

2 episodes

2013–present

Rick and Morty

Beth Smith (voice)

30 episodes

2014

Really

Lori

Episode: "Pilot"

2015

Backstrom

Amy Gazanian

6 episodes

Undateable

Herself

Episode: "A Rock and a Hard Place Walk Into a Bar"

2016

Angie Tribeca

Mrs. Parsons

Episode: "The Famous Ventriloquist Did It"

Inside Amy Schumer

Amy #2

Episode: "Psychopath Test"

2016–2017

Milo Murphy's Law

Mrs. Murawski (voice)

3 episodes

2017

American Dad!

Meredith (voice)

Episode: “The Bitchin’ Race”

2017–2018

Speechless

Melanie

2 episodes

2018

Roseanne

Andrea

3 episodes

Nobodies

Herself

Episode: "Alone Star State"

Paradise PD

Gina Jabowski (voice)

Upcoming series


document_title: Trey Atwood

question_text: when does trey get shot in the oc

question_tokens: when does trey get shot in the oc

text: Trey Atwood

text: Characterization[edit]

text: Like his younger brother Ryan, Trey has a quick temper but is more impulsive where Ryan is more controlled. This often puts the brothers at odds with other, and, on several occasions, Ryan has had to step in to drag Trey away from potentially causing a fight and drawing even more attention to himself.[1]

text: Character background[edit]

text: Trey is the son of Frank and Dawn Atwood and older brother of Ryan Atwood. His relationship with his parents is left ambiguous, presumed to be estranged. Like Ryan, he was abused by their father. In the pilot, after his and Ryan's arrest for stealing a car, he was said to be over eighteen and was charged as an adult, implying that he was at least two years older than Ryan, who was then sixteen.

text: Marissa Cooper once described the brothers' relationship as "complicated".[1] Ryan is usually the reluctant participant in Trey's criminal activities, as seen in the pilot episode where he helps Trey steal a car and they are caught red-handed by the police. Trey would play on Ryan's sympathies, knowing that Ryan could never turn down his blood brother. In other instances, he has risked his own safety to rescue Ryan[1] and also sends him birthday and Christmas presents.[2] By season 3, they drift apart as Ryan was angry about Trey's rape attempt on his love interest and on-off girlfriend Marissa, culminating in him refusing to take Trey's calls towards the end of the season.

text: Season 1[edit]

text: Bradley Stryker makes two appearances in the first season as Trey Atwood. The first is in the cold open of the pilot episode when he steals a Chevrolet Camaro, crashing it when trying to evade the police. He is arrested and sent to prison as he was over eighteen and was found with a gun and drugs. Ryan was let go as he was a first-time offender and still a juvenile.

text: Trey next appears in the eleventh episode when, at Thanksgiving, he calls Ryan from prison. Trey receives a visit from Ryan and explains that he needs a favour, as people on the inside are beating him up to "remind" him that he owes $6,000. Trey asks Ryan to deliver a stolen car to clear the debt, which he does as a last favour. Afterwards, Trey tells Ryan to leave him behind.

text: Season 2[edit]

text: In the latter half of the second season, Trey is released from prison. With nowhere else to go, he moves in with Ryan and the Cohens, during which time he meets and becomes friendly with Marissa Cooper, who attempts to help him settle in Newport Beach.

text: With his brother's support, Trey tries to make a fresh start but is discouraged when he was turned down by nearly every job he applied for due to his criminal record.[1] He struggles to adjust and resorts to stealing before becoming involved with drugs. While high, he attempts to rape Marissa. Trey regrets it afterwards and apologizes to Marissa but then warns her not to tell Ryan.

text: Ryan eventually finds out from Seth, who had avoided telling Ryan up until then as he knew Ryan would not react well, and confronts Trey, and the two fight. An enraged Trey pins Ryan to the floor in a stranglehold. Marissa shows up at the house and shoots Trey with his own gun to save Ryan.

text: Season 3[edit]

text: Trey is revealed to have been in a coma for several months due to his gunshot wound. When he awakens, he is blackmailed by Julie Cooper into telling the authorities that Ryan rather than Marissa shot him. However, Marissa eventually convinces Trey to tell the truth. Facing a broken relationship with Ryan and believing his brother would be better off without him, Trey is last seen on a bus leaving Newport for Las Vegas. His ex-girlfriend Jess later re-appears, begging Ryan to help her with some boyfriend troubles. She tells Ryan that Trey is working as a blackjack dealer. While Ryan is at Jess' house, Trey calls on the phone, but Ryan refuses to speak to him. Later, Trey sends him a birthday gift of a toy Chevrolet Camaro like the one they stole in the pilot episode.


document_title: Premier League records and statistics

question_text: most goals in an epl season by a team

question_tokens: most goals in an epl season by a team

text: Premier League records and statistics

text: League records[edit]

text: Titles[edit]

text:
Most titles: 13, Manchester United[1]
Most consecutive title wins: 3

Manchester United (1998–99, 1999–2000, 2000–01)[1]
Manchester United (2006–07, 2007–08, 2008–09)[1]

Biggest title-winning margin: 19 points, 2017–18; Manchester City (100 points) over Manchester United (81 points)[2]
Smallest title-winning margin: 0 points and 8 goal difference – 2011–12; Manchester City (+64) over Manchester United (+56). Both finished on 89 points, but Manchester City won the title with a superior goal difference – the only time that goal difference has determined the Premier League.[3]

text: Points[edit]

text:
Most points in a season: 100, Manchester City (2017–18)[2]
Fewest points in a season: 11, Derby County (2007–08)[4]
Most home points in a season: 55, joint record:[5]

Chelsea (2005–06)
Manchester United (2010–11)
Manchester City (2011–12)[6]

Fewest home points in a season: 7, Sunderland (2005–06)[7]
Most away points in a season: 50, Manchester City (2017–18)[2]
Fewest away points in a season: 3, Derby County (2007–08)[7]
Most points in a season without winning the league: 89, Manchester United (2011–12)[8]
Fewest points in a season while winning the league: 75, Manchester United (1996–97)[9]
Most points in a season while being relegated:

42 games: 49, Crystal Palace (1992–93)[10]
38 games: 42, West Ham United (2002–03)[10]

Fewest points in a season while surviving relegation: 34, West Bromwich Albion (2004–05)[11]

text: Wins[edit]

text:
Most wins in total: 629, Manchester United[12]
Most wins in a season (38 games): 32, Manchester City (2017–18)[2]
Fewest wins in a season (38 games): 1, Derby County (2007–08)[7]
Most home wins in a season (19 games): 18, joint record:[13]

Chelsea (2005–06)
Manchester United (2010–11)
Manchester City (2011–12)[6]

Fewest home wins in a season (19 games): 1, joint record:[7]

Sunderland (2005–06)
Derby County (2007–08)

Most away wins in a season (19 games): 16, Manchester City (2017–18)[2]
Fewest away wins in a season (19/21 games): 0, joint record:[7][14][15]

Leeds United (1992–93)
Coventry City (1999–2000)
Wolverhampton Wanderers (2003–04)
Norwich City (2004–05)
Derby County (2007–08)
Hull City (2009–10)

Most consecutive wins: 18, Manchester City (between 26 August 2017 and 27 December 2017)[16][2]
Most consecutive home wins: 20, Manchester City (between 5 March 2011 and 21 March 2012)[17]
Most consecutive away wins: 11, joint record:[18][16]

Chelsea (between 6 April 2008 and 7 December 2008)
Manchester City (between 21 May 2017 and 27 December 2017)

Most consecutive games without a win: 32, Derby County (2007–08)[7]
Most consecutive games without a win from beginning of season: 16, Queens Park Rangers (between 18 August 2012 and 8 December 2012)[19]

text: Defeats[edit]

text:
Most defeats in total: 351, Everton[20]
Longest unbeaten run: 49 games, Arsenal (7 May 2003 – 24 October 2004)[21]
Fewest defeats in a season (38 games): 0, Arsenal (2003–04)[22]
Fewest home defeats in a season (19 games): 0, joint record:

Manchester United (1995–96, 1999–2000, 2010–11)[23][24][25]
Arsenal (1998–99, 2003–04, 2007–08)[26][27][28]
Chelsea (2004–05, 2005–06, 2006–07, 2007–08, 2014–15)[28][29][30][31][32]
Liverpool (2008–09, 2017–18)[33]
Manchester City (2011–12)[6]
Tottenham Hotspur (2016–17)

Fewest away defeats in a season (19 games): 0, Arsenal (2001–02, 2003–04)[27][34]
Most consecutive home games undefeated: 86, Chelsea (20 March 2004 – 5 October 2008)[35]
Most consecutive away games undefeated: 27, Arsenal (5 April 2003 – 25 September 2004)[36]
Most defeats in a season (42 games or 38 games): 29, joint record:

Ipswich Town (1994–95)
Sunderland (2005–06)
Derby County (2007–08)[37]

Most home defeats in a season (19 games): 14, Sunderland (2002–03, 2005–06)[38]
Most away defeats in a season (19 games): 17, Burnley (2009–10)[39]
Most consecutive defeats over more than one season (38 games): 20, Sunderland (2002–03, 2005–06)[40]

text: Draws[edit]

text:
Most draws in total: 287, Everton[20]
Most draws in a season (42 games): 18 – joint record:

Manchester City (1993–94)[41]
Sheffield United (1993–94)[41]
Southampton (1994–95)[41]

Most draws in a season (38 games): 17 – joint record:

Newcastle United (2003–04)[41]
Aston Villa (2006–07, 2011–12)[41]
Sunderland (2014–15)[41]

Most home draws in a season: 10 – joint record:

Sheffield Wednesday (1996–97)[41]
Leicester City (1997–98, 2003–04)[41]
Manchester United (2016–17)[41]

Most away draws in a season: 10, Newcastle United (2003–04)[41]
Fewest draws in a season: 3, Chelsea (1997–98, 2016–17)[41]
Fewest home draws in a season: 0 – joint record:

Manchester City (2008–09)[41]
Manchester United (2012–13)[41]
Chelsea (2016–17)[41]

Fewest away draws in a season: 1 – joint record:

Bolton Wanderers (1995–96)[41]
Queens Park Rangers (1995–96, 2014–15)[41]
Barnsley (1997–98)[41]
Chelsea (1997–98)[41]
Bradford City (1999–2000)[41]
Everton (2000–01)[41]
Ipswich Town (2000–01)[41]
Portsmouth (2005–06, 2007–08)[41]
Burnley (2009–10)[41]
Liverpool (2011–12)[41]
Newcastle United (2013–14)[41]
Queens Park Rangers (2014–15)[41]

Most consecutive draws: 7 – joint record:

Norwich City (1993–94)[41]
Southampton (1994–95)[41]
Manchester City (2009–10)[41]

text: Goals[edit]

text:
Most goals scored in a season: 106, Manchester City (2017–18)[2]
Fewest goals scored in a season: 20, Derby County (2007–08)[42]
Most goals conceded in a season (42 games): 100, Swindon Town (1993–94)[43]
Most goals conceded in a season (38 games): 89, Derby County (2007–08)[44]
Fewest goals conceded in a season: 15, Chelsea (2004–05)[45]
Best goal difference in a season: 79, Manchester City (2017–18)[2]
Worst goal difference in a season: –69, Derby County (2007–08)[46]
Most goals scored in a season by a relegated team: 55, Blackpool (2010–11)[47]
Most goals scored at home in a season: 68, Chelsea (2009–10)[45]
Fewest goals scored at home in a season: 10, Manchester City (2006–07)[48]
Most goals conceded at home in a season (21 games): 45, Swindon Town (1993–94)[49]
Most goals conceded at home in a season (19 games): 43

Derby County (2007–08)[49]
Wolverhampton Wanderers (2011–12)[49]

Fewest goals conceded at home in a season (21 games or 19 games): 4, Manchester United (1994–95)[49]
Most goals scored away in a season: 48, Liverpool (2013–14)[49]
Fewest goals scored away in a season: 8

Middlesbrough (1995–96)[49]
Southampton (1998–99)[49]
Sheffield United (2006–07)[49]
Derby County (2007–08)[49]

Most goals conceded away in a season (21 games): 59, Ipswich Town (1994–95)[49]
Most goals conceded away in a season (19 games): 55, Wigan Athletic (2009–10)[49]
Fewest goals conceded away in a season: 9, Chelsea (2004–05)[49]
Fewest failures to score in a match in a season: 0 (scored in every game), Arsenal (2001–02)[50]
Most goals scored in total: 1,924, Manchester United[20]
Most goals conceded in total: 1,267, Tottenham Hotspur[20]

text: Attendances[edit]

text:
Highest attendance, single game: 83,222, Tottenham Hotspur 1–0 Arsenal (at Wembley Stadium, 10 February 2018)[51]
Lowest attendance, single game: 3,039, Wimbledon 1–3 Everton (at Selhurst Park, 26 January 1993)[52][53]
Highest season average attendance: 75,821 – Old Trafford, Manchester United (2006–07)[54]
Lowest season average attendance: 8,353 – Selhurst Park, Wimbledon (1992–93)[54]

text: Player records[edit]

text: Appearances[edit]

text:
Most Premier League appearances: 653, Gareth Barry (2 May 1998 to 24 February 2018)[55]
Oldest player: John Burridge, 43 years and 162 days (for Manchester City v. Queens Park Rangers, 14 May 1995)[56]
Youngest player: Matthew Briggs, 16 years and 65 days (for Fulham v. Middlesbrough, 13 May 2007)[57]
Most consecutive Premier League appearances: 310, Brad Friedel (14 August 2004 until 7 October 2012)[58]
Most seasons appeared in: 22, Ryan Giggs (every season from 1992–93 to 2013–14)[59]

text: Goals[edit]

text:
First Premier League goal: Brian Deane (for Sheffield United v. Manchester United, 15 August 1992)[60]
Most Premier League goals: 260, Alan Shearer[61]
Most Premier League goals at one club: 183, Wayne Rooney (Manchester United)[62]
Oldest goalscorer: 40 years and 268 days, Teddy Sheringham (for West Ham United v. Portsmouth, 26 December 2006)[63]
Youngest goalscorer: 16 years and 271 days, James Vaughan (for Everton v. Crystal Palace, 10 April 2005)[64]
Most consecutive Premier League matches scored in: 11, Jamie Vardy (for Leicester City, 29 August to 28 November 2015)[65]
Most seasons scored in: 21, Ryan Giggs (every season from 1992–93 to 2012–13)[66]

text:
Rank
Name
Goals
Games
Goals per game
Playing position
First goal
Last goal

1
 Alan Shearer
260
441
0.59
Forward
1992–93
2005–06

2
 Wayne Rooney
208
491
0.42
Forward
2002–03
2017–18

3
 Andy Cole
187
414
0.45
Forward
1993–94
2006–07

4
 Frank Lampard
177
609
0.29
Midfield
1997–98
2014–15

5
 Thierry Henry
175
258
0.68
Forward
1999–2000
2011–12

6
 Robbie Fowler
163
379
0.43
Forward
1993–94
2006–07

7
 Jermain Defoe
162
492
0.33
Forward
2001–02
2017–18

8
 Michael Owen
150
326
0.46
Forward
1996–97
2012–13

9
 Les Ferdinand
149
351
0.42
Forward
1992–93
2004–05

10
 Teddy Sheringham
146
418
0.35
Forward
1992–93
2006–07

text:
Most goals in a season (42 games): 34, joint record:[68]

Andy Cole (Newcastle United, 1993–94)
Alan Shearer (Blackburn Rovers, 1994–95)

text:
Most goals in a season (38 games): 32, Mohamed Salah (Liverpool, 2017–18)[69]
Most games scored in during a Premier League season: 24, Mohamed Salah (Liverpool, 2017–18)[70]
Most Premier League goals in a calendar year: 39, Harry Kane (Tottenham Hotspur, 2017)[71]
Number of teams scored against in a season: 17, joint record:

20-team league:[69]

Ian Wright (Arsenal, 1996–97)
Robin van Persie (Arsenal, 2011–12)
Mohamed Salah (Liverpool, 2017–18)

22-team league:[citation needed]

Andy Cole (Newcastle United, 1993–94)
Alan Shearer (Blackburn Rovers, 1994–95)

Most goals in a debut season: 30, Kevin Phillips (Sunderland, 1999–2000)[72]
Most Premier League hat-tricks in a season: 5, Alan Shearer (38 games) (Blackburn Rovers, 1995–96)[73]
Most Premier League hat-tricks: 11, Alan Shearer[74]
Most goals in a game: 5, joint record:[75]

Andy Cole (for Manchester United v. Ipswich Town, 4 March 1995) W 9–0
Alan Shearer (for Newcastle United v. Sheffield Wednesday, 19 September 1999) W 8–0
Jermain Defoe (for Tottenham Hotspur v. Wigan Athletic, 22 November 2009) W 9–1
Dimitar Berbatov (for Manchester United v. Blackburn Rovers, 27 November 2010) W 7–1
Sergio Agüero (for Manchester City v. Newcastle United, 3 October 2015) W 6–1

text:
Most goals in one half: 5, Jermain Defoe (for Tottenham Hotspur v. Wigan Athletic, 22 November 2009) W 9–1[76]
Fastest goal: 10 seconds, Ledley King (for Tottenham Hotspur v. Bradford City, 9 December 2000)[77]
Most goals scored by a substitute in a game: 4, Ole Gunnar Solskjær (for Manchester United v. Nottingham Forest, 6 February 1999)[78]
Most consecutive away league matches scored in: 9, Robin van Persie (for Arsenal, 1 January 2011 to 22 May 2011)[79]
Most consecutive seasons to score at least 30 goals: 3 (1993–1996), Alan Shearer (all for Blackburn Rovers)[80]
Most consecutive seasons to score at least 25 goals: 4 (1993–1997), Alan Shearer (1993–1996 for Blackburn Rovers, 1996–1997 for Newcastle United)[81]
Most consecutive seasons to score at least 20 goals: 5 (2001–2006), Thierry Henry (all for Arsenal)[81]
Most consecutive seasons to score at least 10 goals: 11 (2004–2015), Wayne Rooney (all for Manchester United)[82]
Most consecutive seasons to score at least 1 goal: 21 (1992–2013), Ryan Giggs (all for Manchester United)[66]
Fastest Premier League hat-trick: 2 minutes 56 seconds, Sadio Mané (for Southampton v. Aston Villa, 16 May 2015)[83]
Most different clubs to score for: 7, Craig Bellamy (for Coventry City, Newcastle United, Blackburn Rovers, Liverpool, West Ham United, Manchester City, Cardiff City)[84]
Most own goals: 10, Richard Dunne[85]
Most own goals in a season: 4, joint record:

Martin Škrtel (2013–14)[86]
Lewis Dunk (2017–18)[87]

Most hat-tricks against a single club: 3, Luis Suárez (for Liverpool v. Norwich City)[88]
Most goals in a calendar month: 10 (December 2013), Luis Suárez (Liverpool)[89]

text: Assists[edit]

text:
Most assists (career)

Rank
Player
Assists

1
 Ryan Giggs
162

2
 Cesc Fàbregas
111

3
 Wayne Rooney
103

4
 Frank Lampard
102

5
 Dennis Bergkamp
94

6
 Steven Gerrard
92

7
 David Beckham
80

8
 James Milner
78

9
 Teddy Sheringham
76

10
 David Silva
75

text:
Most Premier League assists in a season: 20, Thierry Henry (Arsenal, 2002–03)[91]
Most consecutive Premier League matches with an assist: 7, Mesut Özil (for Arsenal, 26 September to 21 November 2015)[92]
Most assists in a single Premier League match: 4, joint record:[93]

Dennis Bergkamp (for Arsenal v. Leicester City, 20 February 1999)
José Antonio Reyes (for Arsenal v. Middlesbrough, 14 January 2006)
Cesc Fàbregas (for Arsenal v. Blackburn Rovers, 4 October 2009)
Emmanuel Adebayor (for Tottenham Hotspur v. Newcastle United, 11 February 2012)
Santi Cazorla (for Arsenal v. Wigan Athletic, 14 May 2013)
Dušan Tadić (for Southampton v. Sunderland, 18 October 2014)[94]

text: Goalkeepers[edit]

text:
Most clean sheets (career)

Rank
Player
Clean
sheets

1
 Petr Čech
201

2
 David James
169

3
 Mark Schwarzer
151

4
 David Seaman
140

5
 Nigel Martyn
137

6
 Pepe Reina
134

7
 Edwin van der Sar
132

 Tim Howard

 Brad Friedel

10
 Peter Schmeichel
128

text:
Most clean sheets in one season: 24, Petr Čech (for Chelsea, 2004–05)[95]
Longest consecutive run without conceding a goal: 14 games (1,311 minutes), Edwin van der Sar (for Manchester United, 2008–09)[96]
Goalscoring goalkeepers (excluding own goals):

Peter Schmeichel (Everton 3–2 Aston Villa, 20 October 2001)[97]
Brad Friedel (Charlton Athletic 3–2 Blackburn Rovers, 21 February 2004)[98]
Paul Robinson (Tottenham Hotspur 3–1 Watford, 17 March 2007)[99]
Tim Howard (Everton 1–2 Bolton Wanderers, 4 January 2012)[100]
Asmir Begović (Stoke City 1–1 Southampton, 2 November 2013)[101]

text: Disciplinary[edit]

text:
Most red cards: 8, joint record:[55]

Duncan Ferguson
Patrick Vieira
Richard Dunne

Most yellow cards for a player: 103, Gareth Barry[67]
Most yellow cards for a single team in one game: 9 (Tottenham Hotspur v. Chelsea, 2 May 2016)[102]
Fouling record: 782, Kevin Davies (since 2000–01, the first season for which reliable records are available)[103]
Longest ban: 12 matches, Joey Barton. After being dismissed for violent conduct, Barton was found guilty of two further separate counts of violent conduct after his dismissal against Manchester City, 23 May 2012[104]

text: Youngest goalscorers[edit]

text: This is a list of the top 10 youngest players to score a goal in the Premier League.[105]

text:
Player
Date
Team
Age
Opposition

1
James Vaughan
10 April 2005
Everton
16 years, 270 days
Crystal Palace

2
James Milner
26 December 2002
Leeds United
16 years, 346 days
Sunderland

3
Wayne Rooney
19 October 2002
Everton
16 years, 351 days
Arsenal

4
Cesc Fàbregas
25 August 2004
Arsenal
17 years, 114 days
Blackburn Rovers

5
Michael Owen
6 May 1997
Liverpool
17 years, 144 days
Wimbledon

6
Andy Turner
5 September 1992
Tottenham
17 years, 166 days
Everton

7
Federico Macheda
5 April 2009
Manchester United
17 years, 226 days
Aston Villa

8
Raheem Sterling
20 October 2012
Liverpool
17 years, 317 days
Reading

9
Mikael Forssell
20 February 1999
Chelsea
17 years, 342 days
Nottingham Forest

10
Danny Cadamarteri
20 September 1997
Everton
17 years, 344 days
Barnsley

text: Match records[edit]

text: Scorelines[edit]

text:
Biggest home win: 9–0, Manchester United v. Ipswich Town (4 March 1995)[106]
Biggest away win: 1–8, Nottingham Forest v. Manchester United (6 February 1999)[106]
Biggest aggregate win: 12–1, joint record:

Blackburn Rovers 7–0 Nottingham Forest (18 November 1995) & Nottingham Forest 1–5 Blackburn Rovers (13 April 1996)
Tottenham Hotspur 9–1 Wigan Athletic (22 November 2009) & Wigan Athletic 0–3 Tottenham Hotspur (21 February 2010)

Biggest loss by reigning champions: 1–6, joint record:[107]

Manchester United 1–6 Manchester City (23 October 2011), after Manchester United won the 2010–11 season
Leicester City 1–6 Tottenham Hotspur (18 May 2017), after Leicester City won the 2015–16 season

Largest goal deficit overcome to win: 3

Leeds United 4–3 Derby County (8 November 1997)[108]
West Ham United 3–4 Wimbledon (9 September 1998)[109]
Tottenham Hotspur 3–5 Manchester United (29 September 2001)[110]
Wolverhampton Wanderers 4–3 Leicester City (25 October 2003)[111]

Largest goal deficit overcome to draw: 4, Newcastle United 4–4 Arsenal (5 February 2011)[112]
Highest scoring: 7–4, Portsmouth v. Reading (29 September 2007)[113]
Highest scoring draw: 5–5, West Bromwich Albion v. Manchester United (19 May 2013)[114]
Highest scoring in the first half: 7 goals, joint record:

Blackburn Rovers 3–4 Leeds United (14 September 1997 – final score; 3–4)[115]
Bradford City 4–3 Derby County (21 April 2000 – final score; 4–4)[116]
Reading 3–4 Manchester United (1 December 2012 – final score; 3–4)[117]

Most individual goal scorers in one game: 9, joint record:

Tottenham Hotspur 4–5 Arsenal (13 November 2004)[118]
Portsmouth 7–4 Reading (29 September 2007)[119]

Most individual goal scorers in one game for the same team: 7, joint record:

Chelsea 8–0 Aston Villa (23 December 2012)[120]
Manchester City 7–0 Norwich City (2 November 2013)[121]
Southampton 8–0 Sunderland (18 October 2014)[122]

text: All-time Premier League table[edit]

text: The all-time Premier League table is a cumulative record of all match results, points and goals of every team that has played in the Premier League since its inception in 1992. The table that follows is accurate as of the end of the 2017–18 season. Teams in bold are part of the 2018–19 Premier League. Numbers in bold are the record (highest either positive or negative) numbers in each column.[123]

text:
Pos.
Club
Seasons
Pld
Win
Draw
Loss
GF
GA
GD
Pts
1st
2nd
3rd
4th
Relegated
Avg
Pts
Best
Pos.

1
Manchester United
26
1000
629
215
156
1924
875
1049
2102
13
6
3
1

80.85
1

2
Arsenal
26
1000
544
253
203
1772
962
810
1885
3
6
5
7

72.50
1

3
Chelsea
26
1000
537
248
215
1707
963
744
1859
5
4
4
2

71.50
1

4
Liverpool
26
1000
499
255
246
1685
1024
661
1752

3
5
7

67.38
2

5
Tottenham Hotspur
26
1000
423
255
322
1480
1267
213
1524

1
2
2

58.62
2

6
Everton
26
1000
362
287
351
1303
1265
38
1373

1

52.81
4

7
Manchester City
21
810
359
194
257
1279
952
327
1271
3
2
2
1
2
60.52
1

8
Newcastle United
23
882
334
225
323
1207
1187
20
1227

2
2
1
2
53.35
2

9
Aston Villa
24
924
316
275
333
1117
1186
−69
1223

1

1
1
50.96
2

10
West Ham United
22
844
275
221
348
1012
1214
−202
1046

2
47.55
5

11
Blackburn Rovers
18
696
262
184
250
927
907
20
970
1
1

1
2
53.89
1

12
Southampton
19
734
229
202
303
892
1022
−130
889

1
46.79
6

13
Leeds United
12
468
189
125
154
641
573
68
692

1
2
1
57.67
3

14
Middlesbrough
15
574
165
169
240
648
794
−146
661[124]

4
44.01
7

15
Sunderland
16
608
153
159
296
612
904
−292
618

4
38.63
7

16
Fulham
13
494
150
136
208
570
697
−127
586

1
45.08
7

17
Bolton Wanderers
13
494
149
128
217
575
745
−170
575

3
44.23
6

18
Leicester City
12
460
142
129
189
572
670
−98
555
1

3
46.25
1

19
West Bromwich Albion
12
456
112
128
216
475
696
−221
464

4
38.67
8

20
Stoke City
10
380
116
109
155
398
525
−127
457

1
45.70
9

21
Coventry City
9
354
99
112
143
387
490
−103
409

1
45.40
11

22
Sheffield Wednesday
8
316
101
89
126
409
453
−44
392

1
49.00
7

23
Wimbledon
8
316
99
94
123
384
472
−88
391

1
48.88
6

24
Crystal Palace
9
350
97
89
164
374
511
−137
380

4
42.22
10

25
Charlton Athletic
8
304
93
82
129
342
442
−100
361

2
45.13
7

26
Norwich City
8
316
89
92
135
365
510
−145
359

1

4
44.88
3

27
Wigan Athletic
8
304
85
76
143
316
482
−166
331

1
41.38
10

28
Swansea City
7
266
82
66
118
306
383
−77
312

1
44.57
8

29
Queens Park Rangers
7
278
81
65
132
339
431
−92
308

3
44.00
5

30
Birmingham City
7
266
73
82
111
273
360
−87
301

3
43.00
9

31
Portsmouth
7
266
79
65
122
292
380
−88
293[125]

1
41.86
8

32
Derby County
7
266
68
70
128
271
420
−149
274

2
39.14
8

33
Nottingham Forest
5
198
60
59
79
229
287
−58
239

1

3
47.80
3

34
Ipswich Town
5
202
57
53
92
219
312
−93
224

2
44.80
5

35
Watford
5
190
45
43
102
188
318
−130
178

2
35.60
13

36
Hull City
5
190
41
48
101
181
323
−142
171

3
34.20
16

37
Burnley
4
152
40
37
75
145
229
−84
157

2
39.25
7

38
Wolverhampton Wanderers
4
152
32
40
80
156
281
−125
136

2
34.00
15

39
Sheffield United
3
122
32
36
54
128
168
−40
132

2
44.00
14

40
Bournemouth
3
114
34
30
50
145
195
−50
132

44.00
9

41
Reading
3
114
32
23
59
136
186
−50
119

2
39.67
8

42
Oldham Athletic
2
84
22
23
39
105
142
−37
89

1
44.50
19

43
Bradford City
2
76
14
20
42
68
138
−70
62

1
31.00
17

44
Brighton & Hove Albion
1
38
9
13
16
34
54
–20
40

40
15

45
Blackpool
1
38
10
9
19
55
78
−23
39

1
39.00
19

46
Huddersfield Town
1
38
9
10
19
28
58
–30
37

37
16

47
Barnsley
1
38
10
5
23
37
82
−45
35

1
35.00
19

48
Cardiff City
1
38
7
9
22
32
74
−42
30

1
30.00
20

49
Swindon Town
1
42
5
15
22
47
100
−53
30

1
30.00
22

text: League or status at 2018–19:

text:
2018–19 Premier League

2018–19 EFL Championship

2018–19 EFL League One

2018–19 EFL League Two

Defunct: by a 2007 agreement, neither Milton Keynes Dons nor AFC Wimbledon regards itself as custodian of Wimbledon F.C.'s statistics.[126][127]

text: Managers[edit]

text:
Most Premier League titles: 13, Sir Alex Ferguson (Manchester United) – 1993, 1994, 1996, 1997, 1999, 2000, 2001, 2003, 2007, 2008, 2009, 2011, 2013
Most Premier League Manager of the Month awards: 27, Sir Alex Ferguson
Most consecutive Premier League Manager of the Month awards: 4, Pep Guardiola[128]
Most promotions to the Premier League: 4, Steve Bruce (Birmingham City in 2001–02 and 2006–07 and Hull City in 2012–13 and 2015–16)
Most relegations from the Premier League: 3, Dave Bassett (Sheffield United in 1993–94, Nottingham Forest in 1996–97, and Leicester City in 2001–02)[129]
Longest spell as manager: 21 years, 224 days, Arsène Wenger (Arsenal, 1 October 1996 to 13 May 2018)[130]
Shortest spell as manager (excluding caretakers): 41 days, Les Reed (Charlton Athletic, 14 November 2006 to 24 December 2006) (8 games)[131]


document_title: Hocus Pocus (1993 film)

question_text: who plays the little sister in halloween town

text: Hocus Pocus (1993 film)

text: Plot[edit]

text: In 1693 on October 31, near Salem, Massachusetts, Thackery Binx sees his little sister, Emily, spirited away to the cottage of three witches. There, the Sanderson sisters, Winifred, Sarah and Mary, cast a spell on Emily to absorb her youth and regain their own, killing her in the process. Thackery confronts the witches who transform him into an immortal black cat to live with his guilt at not saving Emily. The townsfolk, led by Binx's father, capture and hang the witches, but Winifred's spellbook casts a curse that will resurrect the witches during a full moon on All Hallows Eve when any virgin lights the Black Flame Candle. Thackery guards the cottage to ensure no one summons the witches.

text: 300 years later on October 31, 1993, Max Dennison moves from Los Angeles to Salem with his family, including his sister Dani. Max is feeling unsettled for the sudden move. While exploring the town, he and Dani meet Allison, whose family owns the Sanderson cottage as a museum. Max suggests that they go there and impress Allison, but promised Dani to go trick-or-treating.

text: Investigating inside the cottage, Max lights the Black Flame Candle and inadvertently resurrects the witches, who plot to continue their plan to suck out the souls of all of Salem's children, beginning with Dani. Escaping, Max steals Winifred's spellbook on advice from Thackery. The witches pursue them to a cemetery, where Winifred raises her unfaithful lover Billy Butcherson as a zombie to chase them on foot. The witches try to acclimate to the 20th century, but are horrified when they discover Halloween has become a holiday, and their broomsticks are stolen. The witches plan to achieve their goals or else they will be disintegrated on sunrise. They pursue the children across town using Mary's enhanced sense of smell. Max, Allison and Dani find their parents at a Halloween party at the town hall, where Winifred enchants the partygoers to dance and sing until they die. At Jacob Bailey High School, the children trap the witches in a kiln to burn them alive. While celebrating, the witches' curse revives them again, and they kidnap Dani and Thackery after Max and Allison open the spellbook exposing their location. Sarah then uses her siren-like voice to mesmerize Salem's children and lure them to the Sandersons' cottage. Max and Allison rescue Dani and Thackery by tricking the witches into believing sunrise came an hour early.

text: Back at the cemetery, Max runs into Billy, who cuts open his stitched up mouth and insults Winifred, joining Max to protect Dani. The witches attack and Winifred attempts to suck out the soul from Dani with the single vial of potion she retrieved from her cauldron. Thackery leaps on Winifred and knocks the potion out of her hand into Max's, but Thackery is thrown to the ground and mortally wounded. Rather than smashing the vial, Max drinks it and apparently makes himself a sacrifice. As the sun rises, Winifred is unable to drain Max's life force from him after falling into the hallowed ground, and soon turns to stone and is disintegrated to dust along with her sisters.

text: As the satisfied Billy returns to his grave, Thackery dies, freeing his soul. He thanks Max, Dani and Allison for their help, and bids farewell to them, before he and Emily walk into the afterlife. As the end credits begin, the exhausted partygoers are freed from the spell and return home. Meanwhile, at the Sandersons' cottage, Jay and Ernie, two male bullies who earlier tormented Max and Dani, remain imprisoned in their cages while passing the time singing "Row, Row, Row Your Boat". Unbeknownst to them, Winifred's spellbook opens its eye to seek its master, possibly hinting that the Sanderson sisters might return again one day.

text: Cast[edit]

text:
Bette Midler as Winifred "Winnie" Sanderson, the leader of the Sanderson sisters and the oldest.
Kathy Najimy as Mary Sanderson, the middle sister.
Sarah Jessica Parker as Sarah Sanderson, the youngest sister.

text:
Omri Katz as Max Dennison, a teenager originally from Los Angeles, California who moves to Salem, Massachusetts with his family.
Thora Birch as Dani Dennison, Max's 8-year-old younger sister and an enthusiastic trick-or-treater
Vinessa Shaw as Allison, Max's love interest and native Salem resident
Sean Murray as Thackery Binx; originally a teenager from 1693, he follows Emily into the woods, where he fails to prevent her death at the hands of the Sanderson sisters. The witches transform him into an immortal cat, voiced by Jason Marsden.[4]
Doug Jones as Billy Butcherson; Winifred's lover and a zombie
Charles Rocket as Dave Dennison, Max and Dani's father
Stephanie Faracy as Jenny Dennison, Max and Dani's mother

text:
Amanda Shepherd as Emily Binx, Thackery's younger sister in 1693 who's the same age as Dani.
Larry Bagby as Ernie / "Ice", the leader of a group of high school delinquents
Tobias Jelinek as Jay, another delinquent and Ernie's friend
Steve Voboril as Elijah, a boy from a farm in 1693
Norbert Weisser as Mr. Binx, Emily and Thackery's father
Kathleen Freeman as Miss Olin, Max's and Allison's teacher at Jacob Bailey High School
Garry Marshall (uncredited) as "The Devil", a man wearing a devil costume whom the Sanderson sisters assume to be their "Master."
Penny Marshall (uncredited) as the "Devil's" wife. The sisters assume that she is Medusa due to her curlers, which resemble snakes.

text: Production[edit]

text: In the 1994 TV documentary Hocus Pocus: Begin the Magic, and on the film's Blu-ray release, producer David Kirschner said he came up with the idea for the film one night. He and his young daughter were sitting outside and his neighbor's black cat strayed by. Kirschner invented a tale of how the cat was once a boy who was changed into a feline three hundred years ago by three witches.[citation needed]

text: Hocus Pocus started life as a script for a special original film for the Disney Channel, to be produced by one of the smaller studios owned by The Walt Disney Company. The script, however, caught the eye of Walt Disney Studios, who decided that the film was strong enough to carry well-known names and to attract a cinema audience. Leonardo DiCaprio was originally offered the lead role of Max for a large salary, but declined it in order to pursue What's Eating Gilbert Grape.[5][6] The idea to cast Bette Midler was partly inspired by Midler's Golden Globe-nominated performance in a milestone motion picture for The Walt Disney Company on its Touchstone Pictures line, Down and Out in Beverly Hills. Midler, who plays the central antagonist of the film, is quoted as saying that Hocus Pocus "was the most fun I'd had in my career up to that point".[citation needed]

text: Principal photography began on October 12, 1992. The film is set in Salem, Massachusetts, but most of it was shot on sound stages in Burbank, California. However, its daytime scenes were filmed in Salem and Marblehead, Massachusetts during two weeks of filming with principal cast. Production was completed on February 10, 1993.

text: Music[edit]

text: The musical score for "Hocus Pocus" was composed and conducted by John Debney. James Horner was originally slated to score the film, but became unavailable at the last minute, so Debney had to score the entire film in two weeks. Even though he didn't score the film, Horner came back to write the theme for Sarah (sung by Sarah Jessica Parker, more commonly known as "Come Little Children") which is featured in Intrada's Complete Edition of the score.

text: Debney released a promotional score through the internet containing 19 tracks from the film. Bootlegs were subsequently released across the internet, primarily because the promotional release missed the entire opening sequence music.

text:
"Sarah's Theme" - music by James Horner; lyrics by Brock Walsh; performed by Sarah Jessica Parker
"I Put a Spell on You" - written by Jay Hawkins and produced and arranged by Marc Shaiman; performed by Bette Midler
"Witchcraft" - written by Cy Coleman, Carolyn Leigh; performed by Joe Malone
"I Put a Spell on You" - written by Jay Hawkins; performed by Joe Malone
"Sabre Dance" - written by George Wilson
Chants and Incantations - conceived and written by Brock Walsh

text: Critical reception[edit]

text: The film received mixed-to-negative reviews from film critics, though reception has grown to be more warm towards the film. Today, it is seen as a cult classic. On the review aggregator Rotten Tomatoes, Hocus Pocus has a "Rotten" score of 30%, based on 43 reviews; however, the audience score is a "fresh" 70%, with an average rating of 3.1 stars out of 5.[7] The Miami Herald called it "a pretty lackluster affair", adding this comment: "Despite the triple-threat actress combo, Hocus Pocus won't be the Sister Act of 1993. There are a lot of gotta-sees this summer, and this isn't one of them."[8] The New York Times' Janet Maslin wrote that the film "has flashes of visual stylishness but virtually no grip on its story".[9] Ty Burr of Entertainment Weekly gave the film a C-, calling it "acceptable scary-silly kid fodder that adults will find only mildly insulting. Unless they're Bette Midler fans. In which case it's depressing as hell"; and stating that while Najimy and Parker "have their moments of ramshackle comic inspiration, and the passable special effects should keep younger campers transfixed [...] the sight of the Divine Miss M. mugging her way through a cheesy supernatural kiddie comedy is, to say the least, dispiriting."[10]

text: Home media and television[edit]

text: The film was released to VHS in North America on September 9, 1994,[11] and later to DVD on June 4, 2002.[12] Following the film's release on the latter format, it has continued to show strong annual sales, raking in more than $1 million in DVD sales each October.[12] In the mid to late 1990s, the film was rebroadcast annually on ABC and Disney Channel before switching over to ABC Family's 13 Nights of Halloween lineup in the early 2000s. The film has continuously brought record viewing numbers to the lineup, including a 2009 broadcast watched by 2.5 million viewers.[13] In 2011, an October 29 airing became the lineup's most watched program, with 2.8 million viewers.[14]

text: On September 4, 2012, the film was released on Blu-ray. However, it did not contain any special features.[15]

text: Legacy[edit]

text: Over the years, through various outlets such as strong DVD sales and annual record-breaking showings on ABC Family's 13 Nights of Halloween, the film has achieved cult status.[16] Various media outlets such as Celebuzz and Oh No They Didn't have reiterated such claims.[14][16][17] In October 2011, the Houston Symphony celebrated various horror and Halloween classics, including Hocus Pocus, with "The Hocus Pocus Pops."[18]

text: On October 19, 2013, D23 held a special screening of Hocus Pocus at the Walt Disney Studios in Burbank, California, to honor the 20th anniversary of the film. Nine of the cast and crew gathered for the screening, and hundreds of D23 members attended. Returning members included Kathy Najimy, David Kirschner, Thora Birch, Doug Jones, Vinessa Shaw, and Omri Katz.[19]

text: During her Divine Intervention Tour, Bette Midler appeared on stage dressed as Winifred Sanderson. Her Harlettes appeared with her dressed as Mary and Sarah, and the three of them performed the film's version of "I Put a Spell on You".[20]

text: On September 15, 2015, the Hocus Pocus Villain Spelltacular was introduced at the Magic Kingdom as a part of Mickey's Not-So-Scary Halloween Party. The show introduces new actresses as the Sanderson Sisters, who try to make a villain party and summon or attract various Disney villains in the process.[21]

text: In September 2016, entertainment critic Aaron Wallace published Hocus Pocus in Focus: The Thinking Fan's Guide to Disney's Halloween Classic, the first full-length book written about the movie. The book includes a foreword by Thora Birch and afterword by Mick Garris. Billed as a "lighthearted but scholarly look at the film," the book analyzes the movie's major themes, which it identifies as festivity, nostalgia, home, horror, virginity, feminism, Broadway-style musical moments, sibling rivalry, "Spielbergian" filmmaking style, Disney villain traditions, and more. Wallace also analyzes Walt Disney World's Hocus Pocus Villain Spelltacular as part of the movie's legacy and includes "the largest collection of Hocus Pocus fun facts and trivia ever assembled," complete with extensive endnote citations.[22][23][24]

text: Possible sequel and confirmed remake[edit]

text: In July 2014, it was announced that Disney was developing a supernatural-themed film about witches, and that Tina Fey was on board as a producer and star. However, Deadline debunked rumors that the film was a sequel to Hocus Pocus.[25]

text: In November 2014, Bette Midler said in an interview that she was ready and willing to return for a sequel. She also says her co-stars Sarah Jessica Parker and Kathy Najimy are interested in reprising the roles of the Sanderson sisters as well. Disney has yet to greenlight any sequel.[26]

text: In November 2015, Midler stated in a Facebook Q&A that "after all these years and all the fan demand, I do believe I can stand and firmly say an unequivocal no" in response to a question about a sequel.[27]

text: In June 2016, actor Doug Jones mentioned that Disney had been considering a sequel, and behind the scenes discussions were in place to possibly continue the series.[28]

text: In October 2016, Sarah Jessica Parker was asked by Andy Cohen about a sequel. Her response was, "I would love that. I think we've been very vocal that we're very keen."[29]

text: In Hocus Pocus in Focus: The Thinking Fan's Guide to Disney's Halloween Classic, author Aaron Wallace identifies several potential approaches for a sequel, but notes that the project's biggest challenge is the Walt Disney Studios' interest in tentpole projects that promise very high box office returns.[30]

text: In September 2017, screenwriter Mick Garris admitted that he was working on a script for Hocus Pocus 2 and that it would potentially be developed as a television film for Disney Channel, Freeform or ABC.[31] It was later confirmed that it will instead be a remake to air on Disney Channel, with The Royals writer Scarlett Lacey attached to write, original film producer David Kirschner executive producing.[32][33]

text: Accolades[edit]

text:
Year
Association
Category
Recipient
Result

1994
Saturn Awards
Best Actress
Bette Midler
Nominated

Best Supporting Actress
Kathy Najimy
Nominated

Sarah Jessica Parker
Nominated

Best Fantasy Film
Hocus Pocus
Nominated

Best Special Effects
Hocus Pocus
Nominated

Best Costumes
Hocus Pocus
Won

Young Artist Awards
Best Youth Actress Leading Role in a Motion Picture Comedy
Thora Birch
Won

Best Youth Actress Leading Role in a Motion Picture Comedy
Vinessa Shaw
Nominated

Best Youth Actor Leading Role in a Motion Picture Comedy
Omri Katz
Nominated

Best Youth Actor Leading Role in a Motion Picture Comedy
Sean Murray
Nominated

Best Youth Actor in a Voice Over Role - TV or Movie
Jason Marsden
Nominated